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FS ea Meth Eyre Pideeled ty 4 Aone ee oa Ml Atos Sites? By eter ns er Beatie CoM AT’ SP rier es 2 Te art tn he. Bape Serene eran 2 Dede baa assets S f i f t Vaal 4 « sil , i P « UD TEN Mees PET Ew thie TA ie é D : “3 MA cs r be a a —— 2 ree ac . ns Od > ‘ HISTORY — “Socio seus?” : Sing ICAL SE ee 4 OF THE EVANGELIGAL LUTHERAN SYNOD OF WEST PENNSYLVANIA OF THE UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH IN AMERICA Loeb as gal O25 EDITED BY ADAM STUMP, D.D. AND HENRY ANSTADT, D.D. PUBLISHED BY AGEION OR EEHEESYNOD IN CELEBRATION OF ITS CENTENNIAL PRINTED FOR THE SYNOD Ja Re KERR comet? CHAMBERSBURG, PENNA. Digitized by the Internet Archive in-2022 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library https //archive.org/details/historyofevangel0O0gene Introduction The 19th. Century, during the earlier years of which our Synod was organized, is preeminent in material, civil and _ relig- ious progress. The inventions, discoveries and marvelous changes during its course are almost innumerable and, in the main, in- calculable in their beneficial influence on the welfare of mankind. It has been called ‘‘The Missionary Century of the Christian Era.”’ More ministers and missionaries have preached the Gospel to more people, in more languages, and more disciples have been won than during any previous century; some claim than during all previous centuries. If not as intensive, perchance, as during the first Christian century, its operations have been far more extensive. Vastly more money has been expended for the support and extension of the church, the founding and maintaining of educational, missionary and eleemosynary institutions than ever before, besides carrying on manifold agencies that have for their object the physical welfare and mental and moral uplift of hu- manity. Handicapped as our Synod was at its beginning by many adverse environments, its limited means, its twenty-nine ministers an utterly inadequate number to minister to its congregations scattered over a territory extending from the Susquehanna river to the western boundary of our state, slow and difficult traveling, it would be unfair, except from motives of gratitude, to show the contrast between the activities and results of those early years and the showing of our Synod in the last year of the century, with its vastly increased advantages, opportunities and means. The arduous labors and self-denying spirit of our pioneers must not be forgotten nor lightly esteemed. We, with our abundant re- sources, feature our Synod’s Centennial by raising a $50,000 Endowment Fund as our part in the celebration of the Centenary of our Theological Seminary; the Seminary which they in their poverty aided in founding and supporting during its early strug- gles; an Institution to which our Synod owes so much for its progress and influence. Their day was the day of relatively small things; but the leaders were not small men. They were men of wisdom and fore- sight. They realized that the Seminary they had seen established in 1826, the first year of their synodical existence, could do its best preparation only as its students had a preparation for the Seminary. So the absolute need of a college prompted these men 3 4 INTRODUCTION in co-operation with others, to establish Pennsylvania College in 1832, just six years after the Synod was organized. They also took part in the earlier efforts for organized Home and Foreign Missions and other benevolent enterprises. All honor to these noble predecessors of ours! In the spirit of these worthy pioneers our Synod has carried forward the work and steadily advanced in Christian activities, as the following figures for our centennial year evidence: Number of ministers on the roll, 109; congregations, 158; confirmed membership, 40,613; contributions for missions, benevo- lence and education, $155,011; local objects, $553,961; value of church property, $4,670,037. This was accomplished on our present greatly reduced ter- ritory. The three Synods organized on the larger portion of our original territory exceed our totals accordingly, and show their combined totals for 1923, as follows: number of ministers enrolled, 379; congregations, 543; confirmed membership, 111,761; benevo- lence, $520,357; local objects, $1,611,690; value of church property, tibia 2222) Division of territory then was wise, a move evidently guided by Providence. It made tenser cultivation possible and resulted in the greater advancement of God’s kingdom. To-day the trend among ecclesiastical bodies is toward merg- ing, and this also is manifestly according to God’s will and under His divine guidance. Thus felt the three General Bodies which in 1918 merged to form the United Lutheran Church in America. as we learn from the opening sentences of the Mintues of its first Convention: “‘Great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised in the city of our God, in the mountain of His Holiness.” ‘By the providence of God, in answer to the longings and prayers of many hearts, the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States, the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America and the United Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the South, each and all took action favorable to merging their Bodies into The United Lutheran Church in America.” No weightier commendation could have been be- stowed on the Merger than that given in the introduction to his sermon at the first Convention of the United Lutheran Church, by that grand man and eminent theologian, the Rev. Dr. H. E. Jacobs. He said; ‘‘Unto the Triune God, the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, be thanksgiving and praise for “The United Lutheran Church in America.’ ‘It is the Lord’s doing; it is marvelous in our eyes.’ We have met in response to an over- Whelming conviction, kindled by God’s Spirit, that ‘what God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.’ ”’ It is a matter for congratulation and gratitude that our Synod, which has seen too many unseemly and unholy contentions among INTRODUCTION 5 its own ministers and congregations and among other Synods and General Bodies, can hail that spirit of fraternity that now char- acterizes this and other Synods and makes possible their harmo- nious association and united co-operation in the United Lutheran Church. That united Body has already received greater recog- nition and exerted a wider influence than the three dissevered Bodies could ever. have received or exerted. Our Synod’s history illustrates the fact that spirituality in the church manifests itself in a variety of Ways; now in increased effort for the conversion of the unsaved; now in increased interest in missions; now in a quickened membership; now in special in- terest in the young people and children; now in the organization of auxiliary societies; now in works of char ity; now in attendance at public worship; now in better methods of church financing; now in the erection and improvement of church buildings and adequate support of pastors; now in fostering educational and other institutions; now in the calling and training of young men for the ministry and providing relief for retired ministers, and, as in recent years, the cultivation of brotherly love and union of effort; and this, not by the exclusion or neglect of all or any one of the other activities at one and the same time, but by stressing each activity for the time being as Providence indicates. Thus our Synod shows, not a disproportionate record of progress along any one line, but well- balanced efforts along all the lines of Christian activity. The publication of Synodical histories 1s becoming more general and their value is increasingly appreciated as time passes. Our Synod can congratulate itself on possessing in permanent form the record of its first century. However, for a Synod as large and active as ours, a century is too long to postpone the publication of its history. During so long a period much of historic value is lost. A semi-centennial history would to a great extent prevent such loss and serve in- termediate generations better. To our Editors, by whom the patient and painstaking work of gathering and preparing the matter contained in our History was done, the present and future ministers and members of our Synod owe a lasting debt of gratitude. To the great HEAD OF THE CHURCH be praise and thanksgiving for His wonderful goodness and favor to us through- out the entire century. A. G. Fastnacht “Other men laboured, and ye are entered into their labours.” SONI OO: PREFACE A century of history is a long period out of which to gather the events of interest and importance and compress them within the narrow limits of a few hundred pages. The stream of progress, starting with the little springs of circumstances that explain the origin of our West Pennsylvania Synod, has accumulated to itself ever larger volume of flow and force of current as rivulets of home mission organizations and branches of greater general Christian service have joined the main river; and even though a delta of four divisions of the original stream describes its present flow, each division exceeds the volume of the original as it pours its current today into the infinite ocean of the rolling future. The course of the West Pennsylvania Synod’s history has drained a large territory,—that “West of the Susquehannah, in the State of Pennsylvania,’’ including three districts: ‘‘the North Mountain the boundary of the first district,—the clergy living between the North Mountain and the western boundary of the State, belonging to the second district,—and those living between the Juniata and the west side of the Susquehannah constituting the third dis- trict.” The Allegheny Synod branched off from the main stream September 9, 1842; the Pittsburgh Synod, January 15, 1845; and the Central Pennsylvania Synod, February 21, 1855, which on September 5, 1923, merged with the Susquehannah Synod under the name of the Susquehannah Synod of Central Pennsylvania. Unfortunately, the importance of history is seldom fully ap- preciated in the actual making of it. Fifty years ago a resolution of the Synod requested each minister connected with the Synod carefully to prepare the history of the church or churches under his pastoral care, and that these be transmitted to the curator of the Lutheran Historical Library at Gettysburg; but the re- port of the following year showed that it had been only “‘complied with in part.’ Some years later, in 1890, a committee was ap- pointed to prepare ‘“‘a plan for a History of Lutheran Church in the Bounds of this Synod,” and the following year Prof. E. 8. Breidenbaugh was elected Synodical Historian. The plan pre- pared by the committee outlined a very thorough presentation of the Synod’s progress, and the patient efforts of the Historian extended over a period of six or seven years; but his report in 1897, “That the completion of the work is deferred by a number of the congregational histories not having been handed in as yet,”’ indicates the failure of the effort to have been on account of lack of necessary co-operation. This same tendency to underestimate the importance of recording history while it is actually in the making has been the complaint of many of our present pastors of the Synod, a large proportion of whom in submitting the histories 7 8 PREFACE of their congregations declared they were greatly handicapped by the very meager and sometimes utter lack of original records. The undertaking that has culminated in the publication of this volume began with the recommendation of the President, Rev. F. G. Gotwald, D. D., in his report of 1917, ‘““That a special committee be appointed to arrange for the presentation and pub-, lication of a complete history of the West Pennsylvania Synod in connection with the celebration of its Centennial in 1925.” The Synod was fortunate in having a member who had been personally interested in collecting historical data of a number of the congre- gations of the Synod, the Rev. Adam Stump, D.D. He was elected general editor by the committee in 1919, and immediately took up the study of early Pennsylvania Lutheranism. Not- withstanding an extended period of illness, which ended in his death March 15, 1922, he succeeded in preparing the manuscript of the pioneer period leading up to the organization and first meeting of the Synod in September, 1825, (pp. 11-93.) With much hesitation the present writer, upon his appoint- ment by the committee and the Synod, consented in 1923 to undertake the completion of Dr. Stump’s task, and with the co- operation of the pastors has been enabled to present this published volume. For the historical sketches of the congregations he has been dependent necessarily upon the pasters, who almost without excep- tion have furnished this material. It is interesting to note that two congregations, St. Matthew’s of Hanover, and Christ Lutheran of York, lay claim to the distinction of being the first organization. In justice to both, these claims are published just as the pastors of these congregations have presented them; and while Dr. Stump in his chapters of the early history expresses his personal judgment concerning the claim of priority, each reader is privileged to weigh the evidence presented and form his own conclusions. The printed Minutes of the Synod furnished largely the facts concerning Education, Missionary Activity, Literature, etc., ete. The Editor has consulted also many other volumes of Lutheran biography and history such as the writings of Drs. J. G. Morris, EK. J. Wolf, H. E. Jacobs, L. B. Wolf, A. R. Wentz, C. M. Jacobs, P. Anstadt and others, and compared the published histories of the Allegheny and Maryland Synods in order to harmonize facts of overlapping interests and activities. With appreciation of the co-operation that has made it pos- sible for the Editor finally to bring his work to completion, and recognizing also the limitations not only in himself but also in the sources of historical information, this book is sent forth. If this brief record of the first hundred years can stimulate the churches of the Synod to a new pride and activity in the making of future history, the effort will have been worth while. Henry Anstadt TABLE OF CONTENTS LNGTOCUCTION ese metals ri 21 ee ee eet en 3 EOLA COL ssiwS age ACen he cp Ue On ee ANC as ree em El LA Bec AE 7 Chapter I.—From the First Missionary to the First Synod.. 11 Chapter l= line HirstaViissionaiyss ape iy ttle sie ey 24 Shape! [elihes Hinetesy OC em cele tae rene rites te 43 Ghapter LV: + EKoretokens of Verritomal) Divisions. 6. = -. of Chapter V. Some More Preliminary History............. | 58 Ghapterav le eopecial on District Meéetings.. oes 2s: 2.40. |: 68 CHa dis AVIBR a Oreutnap bat none ee SR ee Se el Be Re aa Chapter VIII. The First Meeting of the West Pennsylvania DS VNLOCL st Mpatales We eer gon) srhtone iy iergaet« Leaprhinshe Saad Sorbiotieing, 10a fee re 84 Can tebien es 3 OUD ST1eSi aw) ae age eee echelon hy al 91 Gira ler Ne ee VLISSTONA EY 7s CLEVE Gymnast hie fas eerln ee ress oer 94 (Ra tere Ns eee CUICALION woe tne aig eco in so: arate ree eens Lene 107 (Siiatere cL a meliteraturenn. as yeti wee en eine to 121 Giaptenux | aelicensées and Ordinationsss | ae eee ere 125 Cieptcre Lvs mb astOrs a NdeeaclOla lesa yianier ier een 131 Ghapteney = mvlinisters: without larces.] amen ee ce 150 han LereNevel aN dais. COUnGys COlleTen Com nase ane ita ar. 193 Chapter XVII. Cumberland Valley Conterence............ 289 Giaptemeay.| aw sy orkt@ountysConicrence: | arenweh een 44] 9 10 History OF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD By KELLER First Treasurer of the West Pennsylvania REV. (ROE, aR Les MOSUL DIR ADE ADy: Synod. ania ent of the West Pennsyly Synod. rst Presi +] CHAPTER I. THE FIRST PERIOD Synodus occiduus plantandus est. FRoM THE First MISSIONARY TO THE FIRST SYNOD 1728-1748 The roots of the present are imbedded in the past. It is the duty of history to trace and uncover them. The beginning of the Lutheran Church in the region that is now comprised in the Synod of West Pennsylvania is found in the arrival at Phila- delphia, September 11, 1728, of John Casper Stoever, Jr., a theo- . logical student twenty-one years of age. He anticipated by fourteen years Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, often styled the Patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America: However, there were already some workers in the kingdom here, even before 1728. The first Lutheran minister that came to North America was Rev. Reorus Torkillus, who minis- tered to several Swedish communities along the Delaware River (1639). The first Lutheran minister ordained in America was Rey. Justus Falkner (1703). That was the day of small things. The flocks were small and poor, isolated and scattered. Members of state churches, accus- tomed to depend upon paternal governments in their home lands, these German and Swedish Lutherans had never known the privi- lege and necessity of self-reliance and initiative. They became the prey of a number of renegade preachers from the old country, who sought to serve them for filthy lucre, and not for souls; and falsely pretending to be Lutherans, created distrust, disgust and bitterness. Among the immigrants also, there were many that came only to better their material interests and cared little for spiritual things. However, many, who had been persecuted for their faith and piety at home, brought with them their Bibles, hymnals and prayer-books, and their habits of private devotion. These kept the censers swinging and the altar-fires burning, at least at the hearth-stones of their humble cabins; and saved the church from being entirely ruined by the nondescript adventurers of the times. In 1728, in the lines of immigration, which then took a fresh start and converged toward our region, there were groups of VAL Pe History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Lutherans in Philadelphia, New Providence (Trappe), New Han- over, Raritan (New Jersey), and in Tulpehocken (now Lebanon Valley, Pa.); but in that early day there was no group nearer to our locality than Lancaster. When William Penn made his famous treaty with the Indians under the spreading boughs of the great elm at Shakamaxon, in 1682, the Susquehanna River was the western boundary of our state. Although the first survey for the Penns on the hither side of the River was made in 1722, and the tract named Springetts- bury Manor, no genuine white settler was legally allowed to locate on the west bank before 1729. On the other side, Columbia was a small frontier village; on this side, all the country was an un- broken forest of hills and valleys, relieved here and there by an open treeless glade, which the Indians either accidentally or with intent, had bared by fire for hunting purposes or cornfields. Stoever, the student, who as yet had no authority to preach or to perform ministerial acts, took up his residence at Karltown, now New Holland, Lancaster County. He thus planted himself in that trough of valleys through which ran the Indian trail from Philadelphia to the Monocacy and the Ohio River hunting grounds, and which now became the route along which thousands of immigrants wended their way to take up homes in our region and beyond as far as Virginia. This was one of the most interest- ing and important treks of history. For years a constant stream of humanity crossed the Susquehanna at Columbia, where there was no ferry before 1730, then called Wright’s Ferry. The York Valley and the land about Hanover, then known as Digges’ Choice, under a Maryland grant, and claimed by that colony, seem to have been settled simultaneously. Under what circumstances the student of theology at Earl- town began to act as a minister to his fellow-countryvmen, no one ean tell. But it is not difficult to imagine the circumstances that impressed him into service. Children were to be baptized; the dead were to be buried; and many exiles were hungry and thirsty for the gospel. The likelihood is that he took up his residence at Earltown to pursue another vocation, but the calls for the service of a minister were so great that he soon was led to become a very active missionary amidst the Lutheran diaspora and other pious souls. He soon became an itinerant in the pioneer clearings be- tween the City of Brotherly Love and far-off Virginia. With only the foot-paths of the red man as the King’s highway, he threaded his way through the dense forests to distribute the bread of life from house to house in a strange new land. Up to 1728 but few whites had more than hunted game or prospected for ores in our woods; and not even a squatter had been allowed to build a log cabin and remain upon our soil. At least, there is no record of any that did. This territory was not included in the treaty which Wiliam Penn made with the Indians PIONEER LUTHERANS IN PENNSYLVANIA ie under the elm at Shakamaxon, in 1682. That part included only the lands situated between New York and Maryland, westward as far as the Susquehanna. But the notorious history of the whites is that they always have intruded upon the rights of the red man. If the case were reversed, he undoubtedly would have as much reason to consider us as brutal and bloodthirsty as we now consider him to have been. He has had cause for resentment and revenge. The Quaker government of the Penns religiously kept faith with the Indians. As a result it has often been said that no Quaker blood was ever shed by the red man. This state- ment, however, is not literally true, for, during the French and Indian War several families, who were followers of George Fox, were massacred. But for seventy years the Indians of Penn’s Woods were faithful to their bond with Father Onas. However, the fertile valleys of the Delaware, the Lehigh, and the Schuylkill, the Tulpehocken and the Conestoga soon were occupied by a horde of immigrants, who rushed across the sea to this land of promise, which veritably was flowing with milk and honey for the poor classes that sought it as an asylum from op- pression. Consequently, in a few years the pioneers Were driven for want of room up against the banks of the Susquehanna, and the restive people on the Lancaster side began to cast envious eyes toward the beautiful hills and continued valley on our side of the river. But ours was forbidden ground. It was sacred to the red man. But there were mineral seekers and nimrods of the chase, who observed neither proprieties nor conventions. To them a treaty was only a scrap of paper. They came across, scoured the woods and glades for copper and killed the game. In those days forage was scarce, and so farmers and traders forded the mile-wide stream with their horses, to let them graze in the meadows of the frontier. This naturally brought a protest from the native chiefs to the authorities at Philadelphia. Under similar conditions, in other days, such intrusion often was resented in less civilized fashion. But the Quaker government gave an at- tentive ear to the red man’s remonstrance. This was done at the Council of Conestoga, in Lancaster County, July 6-8, 1721, the date on which the “lands on the south side of the river’’ were first officially brought upon the stage of authentic history. It was an irenic arbitration meeting. The Indians of Virginia and those of Pennsylvania had come into collision on the banks of the Potomac. Both claimed the same hunting grounds. Fearing that the whites might become em- broiled in their feuds, Governor Keith, accompanied by seventy armed horsemen, paid a visit to the governor of Virginia and entered into a compact with him, to the effect that the Pennsyl- vania Indians should not hunt in the mountains on the western side of the Potomac, and that the Virginia Indians should not transgress on the eastern side of that river. 14 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD In order to induce the confederated tribes, called the Five Nations, to ratify this treaty, Governor Keith invited the sachems to come to Philadelphia for a conference. This they diplomatic- ally refused to do, but finally agreed to meet him and his staff near the mouth of Conestoga Creek, a few miles south of Columbia. This historic meeting took place under a giant of the forest, July 6, 1721, and continued several days. The Indians were rep- resented by six chiefs, who had come on foot all the way down along the Susquehanna from New York colony to attend this council fire. Their names were Ghesaont, Awenool, Tananree, Skeetowas, Scahoode, and Tchehukque, delegates of the Senecas, the Onondagoes, and the Cayugas. It was on that memorable occasion that their orator, Ghesaont, made the first prohibition speech, so far as we know, in America. He begged that the traders should not be allowed to send any more rum among his people, declaring that it was at the bottom of all the troubles that had arisen between them and the whites. These sachems of the tribes reasserted their fidelity to the covenant, which they had made years before with ‘‘Brother Onas,’’ and readily agreed to ratify the treaty with Virginia. At the Conestoga Council the absolute ownership of our present territory by the Indians was acknowledged. It was tacitly confessed that their rights extended from the Susquehanna to the Potomac. Such was the geographical and political status of our county at the date of this tripartite arrangement. But the clock of fate had struck the hour when it would have to be other- wise. The first squatter on our soil was John Greist. The Penns summarily ejected him from the mouth of the Conojohela, where also the wigwam of Chief Beaver stood. Several Marylanders followed, but they, too, were driven away. The natives, as a means of circumventing the abusive intruders from the south, as well as to give the Penns a ground for future claims, consented to allow the whites to lay out Springettsbury Manor, containing 75,520 acres, on the western side of the river. This was in 1722. The petty tribes who agreed to this plan and whose chiefs ac- companied the surveyors in their work, were the Conestogas, the Shawanese, and the Conoys. They feared the intruders from whom they could expect no justice, but they implicitly confided in the Quaker colony which had never overreached or deceived them. They instinctively felt that if this newly-defined area was occupied by their friends, it would be a buffer between them and their arrogant enemies from the south. But the most notorious troubler of those early times in our country was Michael Cresap, who, in 17380, built a log house called a fort, on Cabin Branch Run, a few miles below Wright’s Ferry, which latter also was established in that year. He came owning allegiance to Lord Baltimore, from whom he held commissions as surveyor, land agent, and captain of militia. He began a war PIONEER LUTHERANS IN PENNSYLVANIA 15 with the incoming Penn’s men. At the height of the fracas three hundred cavaliers of Terra Maria, whose rendezvous was Cresap’s Fort, rode into this territory, frightening the unarmed settlers and threatening them with fire and sword if they would not be obedient to Lord Baltimore. Reeiprocal incarcerations took place and blood was shed on both sides. Finally, the sheriff of Lancas- ter County, with a posse of twenty-four men, made an early morning attack on Cresap’s Fort, which was defended by only seven men. ‘The assaulters set fire to the building and smoked out the wily old fox and took him prisoner. One Marylander was killed. That was in 1736. On the 11th of October of that year the Indians relinquished their claims to all the lands westward from the Susquehanna ‘‘to the setting sun.’? The border warfare was now over, but the finality of the dispute was not reached until the establishment of the famous Mason and Dixon’s line in 1768. Already in 1727 Lord Baltimore granted John Digges per- mission to survey for himself ten thousand acres of the unoccupied lands in the region about the present town of Hanover. Here titles could be obtained as early as 1731, while in Springettsbury Manor none could be obtained so soon. Hence there was a rush toward the newly-surveyed ‘‘Digges’ Choice.’ Thus our present bounds were open for settlement at both ends. Immed- lately parallel streams of immigration began to pour in from all the sections east and south of us. So that in 1732 there were on the York County side of the Susquehanna four hundred persons, who were loyal to the Penns and paying taxes to the Lancaster County authorities. Such is a very brief account of the pristine environment and primitive history of our section, which is necessary to an adequate understanding of our history. Such was the original setting, though imperfectly described, of the Church of Luther in our midst. It was, indeed, the Church in the wilderness and the day of small things. A few of the first-comers were people who simply crossed over from the Lancaster side, where they had previously taken up land and residence. So fast did immigration pour into Pennsylvania, after 1728, that soon very large tracts in the fertile eastern region were no longer available to single holders. The eastern sections being considered somewhat congested many of the more active spirits ventured into the more recently opened district with the hope of securing broader acres for themselves and their children. But very early the stream of foreign invasion began to find its way directly from the wharf of Philadelphia to our parts. A few of them came from Switzerland, and some of them from England, but the vast majority were emigrants from the Rhine provinces of Germany, called in general the Palatinate or Palatina. Scot- land also furnished a share. If the reader will look at a map of Europe he will at a glance 16 History OF WEST PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD perceive with what comparative ease geographically the people of those regions could find America. ‘The river Rhine, having its sources among the lakes of Switzerland, after coursing along near the borders of France, in about eight hundred miles reaches Rot- terdam (now called The Hague) in Holland, where it empties its waters into the North Sea. This is exactly what took place on a large scale. A few Swiss settlers reached York County. ‘These of course were Reformed or Calvinists. But so many of them, as is proved by their names on Lutheran rosters, afterwards, for various reasons, became of our number, that it is worth while to mention them. They did not leave their beloved Alps because they still were oppressed, but their liberty and independence had been bought at a great price. Most of them were poor, but full of the spirit of enterprise and ambition for wider opportunities; hence many of them instinctively and sympathetically caught ne con- tagion to seek the land of the freedom-loving Penn. Some also came from other parts of Germany. But ae over- whelming mass were Palatinates. There was a special reason for this. In order to understand it, we must examine into the history and condition of these people. ‘This has been so well done by Prof. Raschen, of Lafayette College, that we can do no better than to quote his words: “‘As the Palatinate was one of the border lands of the German empire, fair and fertile and prosperous, it began to disturb the peace of covetous French monarchs. And When this German land would remain German their vindictive spirit would not down until by utter devastation the flourishing plain had been laid waste, and the pride of the people had been trodden under foot. The beginning of the terrible devastations falls in the time of the Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648. “Then came the war of the Spanish succession keeping all Kurope astir, and the Palatinate again became the scene of con- flict and war, and therefore of suffering. The French, in search of their foes, traversed the land, and where they went they rav- aged it. In 1707 Marshall Villars led an army of French troops through the Palatinate with the intention of repeating the horrors of 1689. Charred ruins and impoverished subjects again were the result of the visitation of his inhuman soldiers. “In the midst of such trials, with what feelings did the Pala- tines look upon the past? Had not their sojourn in their ravaged land been full of anxiety and fears? Who will charge them with disloyalty when they resolutely set their faces towards the West, in the hope of finding a better land, where reigned peace and quiet, and where there was liberty of conscience?” (“The Penn- syluania German,” Sept. 1908, pp. 389ff.) To finish this picture we will add a quotation from the En- evclopedia Britannica (Vol. XX; p. 535), which says, ‘‘The wars PIONEER LUTHERANS IN PENNSYLVANIA 7 carried on here by his Most Christian Majesty, Louis XIV (died 1715), are still remembered in the Rhine district where the dev- astations of his generals were of the most appalling description; and scarcely a village or town but has a tale to tell of the murder and rapine of this period.” Such was the dark European background of our local church history, of which a glimpse is necessary in order that we may understand our own times. Some of our York County Palatines came by way of Tulpe- hocken, whither their parents had come from New York State. This is an interesting piece of history. On account of the dis- tressful conditions prevailing in the Rhenish provinces, as already inadequately depicted, Pastor Kocherthal, of London, in 1704, immediately after the most recent French invasion, began to make arrangements to lead his suffering people to America. In 1708 he brought a band of 53 persons to London and thence to New York. The next year they were followed by an immense number, estimated at 32,468. Of these 7,000 returned to Germany and 3,000 were sent to Ireland, and 650 to North Carolina. But the remainder, who were camped under the open sky, like gypsies, had to be fed by the, Lutheran Queen Ann of England, whose charity was thus severely taxed. In 1710 the survivors of a band of 3,000 or 4,000 arrived in New York, whither the good queen had sent them in three ships. While they had been stranded in Lon- don they were visited by five Mohawk Indian chiefs who promised them lands in their reservation. These red men proved better friends than the English whites in the colony. Governor Hunter settled these Palatine farmers and vine-dressers on the Hudson River and, in their poverty, set them to raise hemp and to burn tar for the military stores of the government. Hence being in the condition of military espionage and at the mercy of their masters, their lot had not improved. Their independent spiriis, not being inclined to brook this semithraildom, many of them during the winter of 1712-13 broke away and took up the lands they had secured from the Indians, in the vicinity of Schoharie. After highly cultivating their farms and putting up necessary buildings, these people found it impossible to secure clear titles to their homes from the colonial government of New York. As a consequence in 1723 a band of thirty-three families, with an Indian guide, sought the head-waters of the Susquehanna. built themselves rafts for their household goods and families, drove their cattle along the shore, and thus descended to Swatara Creek, where Middletown now stands, ascending up that stream until they reached the Tulpehocken Valley, where Governor Keith, without consulting his superiors, allowed them to settle. This first band was followed by others until a great company of these Pala- tine wanderers had come to Pennsylvania via the Mohawk Valley. 18 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Afterwards numbers of their offspring removed to the territory of York and Cumberland Counties. Inasmuch as it is estimated that even in 1727 already there were 20,000 Germans in eastern Pennsylvania, we should be pre- pared to learn that many of the first people simply crossed over from the older settlements. However as already stated numbers of raw emigrants also reached our primeval domain. Dr. A. R. Wentz, in his “Beginnings of the German Element in York County, Pa.,” has conferred a great honor upon our corner of the earth. It is the first and only scientific, uncom- mercialized history of our early infancy as a civic community. To corroborate what we said briefly about the reasons why our forefathers came to America, as well as to get a more elabor- ate view of our paternal antecedents, the reader is referred to the fifth chapter in Dr. Wentz’s interesting book. But besides the horrors of a voyage in comparatively frail and overcrowded sail-ships, before the days of the floating palaces, such as our ocean liners now are, and which defiantly brave the most terrific storm, when our forefathers came to America they had to meet a novel enemy before ever they touched land. In 1748 Rev. John A. Weygand came to America. According to Muhlenberg’s account, (quoted by A. L. Grabur, Hist. Luth. Church in America, p. 430), a ‘““Newlander”’ sought him out and proposed to call him as a traveling minister to America, where he assured the minister there were wide regions full of Germans who were sitting in the darkness and shadow of death, because they had neither preachers nor school teachers. Mournfully he assumed the posture of the man of Macedonia, who pleaded with Paul, “Come over and help us.’”’ The ‘Newlander,” Of course, knew that he was sure of a reward from the soul-traffick- ers who had hired him, if he would induce a preacher to go along, as the minister would serve as a bait to draw others upon the ship. The ‘‘Newlander”’ assured him a free passage and a free ration. The merchant, on whose ship he went, seconded the ““Newlander’s’” promise. What hardship, need, and stench the poor fellow endured during the voyage, it is impossible to describe. (“Was der arme Mann fur Ungemach, Neth, und Gestank ausge- standen, ist nicht zu sagen.”’) When the ship arrived at Philadel- phia the ‘‘Newlander’’ absconded (‘‘achte sich aus dem Staube’’) and if the other immigrants had not gone security for Rev. Wey- gand’s passage, the merchant would have sold him with other dupes as a redemptioner. This incident introduces us to one of the most unprincipled, conscienceless class of rogues, that ever scourged a people. Sachse says of them (Ger. Sectarians, note, vol. 2, u. 27): “This was a local term confined to Pennsylvania, and applied to a class of sharpers who came to the Province with the expectation of getting wealthy in a short time without work. Their scheme was to PIONEER LUTHERANS IN PENNSYLVANIA 19 return to Germany and travel through the Palatinate and Wur- temberg, making a profuse display of jewelry and money, similar to the mountebanks at the annual fairs, their aim being to induce persons of the middle classes to come to Pennsylvania. The Province was represented as a very elysium; any one could become rich as a nobleman in a short time. The profit of these wretches consisted in luring the honest burghers of Germany into entrusting themselves with their money and chattels into their keeping and embarking for the new world. Then, again, the Newlander’s goods and freight were carried free, besides receiving a premium, or head-money, for every person they embarked on ship-board at Rotterdam. “The worst feature of this disreputable trade happened upon the arrival at Philadelphia, when the whole cargo was sold into servitude and their chattels and belongings were seized for extras alleged to have been furnished during the voyage, notwithstanding the fact that the passage was paid prior to the start. “This nefarious trade was encouraged by the English ship- owners, Quaker and Churchman, who profited by their barter in human souls, and thus laid the foundation to some of the large fortunes of the present day.” The Lutheran Cyclopedia also gives us additional information on this subject (p. 404). “Before sailing from Holland, German immigrants were required to sign an agreement written in English. The journey down the Rhine and from Holland to Cowes (England, where all ships touched) consumed so much time and caused such heavy expenses, that the moderate means of the immigrant had already been consumed. ‘The long ocean journey, often of many months’ duration, brought unthought of sufferings to the passen- gers on the crowded vessels. Upon arrival at Philadelphia no one was allowed to leave the vessel. All of proper age were taken ashore, a few at a time, to take the oath of allegiance to the British Crown and then returned to the vessel. No one could then leave the vessel who had not paid the passage money. Those who could not pay the fare and further aid advanced to them, were sold to Englishmen, Dutchmen, and High Germans who had come on board to buy the white slaves, who agreed to serve their purchasers for the payment of their debts. Such white slaves were called Redemptioners--who had to serve their masters for years, or in the case of children, until twenty-one years old. In this wicked traffic not only merchants in Holland and the New- landers, but also parties in this country, had a financial interest. This sale of poor and unfortunate immigrants brought great sor- row to families whose members often were separated never to see each other again on earth.” Having now too briefly described the ancestral conditions which our forefathers left and their long and dangerous voyage across the briny deep, we will imagine that they have arrived at 20 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD the Susquehanna. Here was another body of water to cross be- fore they could reach their new home. ‘This had to be done by ford or ferry. During the breaking of the ice and spring floods, some, though so near their journey’s end, yet lost their lives here by venturing through the treacherous channels. Some great poet might well try his genius to paint a word-picture of The Ferry or perhaps better The Ford. It certainly would contain all the pathos and all the tragedy of human life. Nature lends a charm- ing perspective to the mighty stream of human beings who crossed the ford at Columbia to meet their destiny beyond. »*Uncounted thousands of all nationalities and social grades in that grey age passed through this lane of migration, many of them not stopping until they reached Virginia and the Carolinas. Longfellow’s ‘“The Bridge,’ and Geethe’s “Herman and Dorothea” give us a seer’s hint of what such a warm gulf stream of humanity, surging through the York Valley, meant. But many of these souls settled in Springettsbury Manor and of their new seats we will now speak. Ethnologically speaking York County was settled in three broad and distinct sections, which crossed it in parallel bands running east and west. The middle and most fertile section, a continuation of the famous Lancaster Valley, was taken up by the Germans. Here was the heaviest timber and the limestone soil. Generally speaking this area is comprised between the Cone- wago hills on the north and the highest point above the sea (800 feet) at Red Lion on the south. The rolling country of the lower end was mostly settled by Scotch-Irish Presbyterians and even some Welsh people. The red sand-stone lands of the upper end, between the Conewagos and the spurs of the South Mountain (Alleghenies) were taken up by English Quakers. It is thus seen that the Germans were sandwiched between two English speaking folk. ‘This has proven to be a great advantage in educational lines. This is the reason why this county is more generally ang- licized and why there is less German preaching among us than there is in many far older regions in eastern Pennsylvania. “Digges’ Choice,’’ about old MeCallisterville (Hanover), was settled by a more mixed population. Many of the early settlers there also were Germans, but there were English, Seotch and Irish among them, and a considerable number of them were Roman Catholics from Maryland. Of this fact the cathedral-like churches and other institutions of that faith in that vicinity stand as vivid proofs. The topography and conditions of the new environment and the cause of the influx of the pioneers being now understood, let us picture a case which is not a figment of the imagination but a historical reality. Let us suppose that a voung couple, whom we will call after the Herman and Dorothea of romance, with two small children of the same names, have come over the sea, sworn PIONEER LUTHERANS IN PENNSYLVANIA JAI allegiance to the English Crown, registered in the ship’s record- book, and landed in Philadelphia. Old friends who had preceded them to this continent meet these weary immigrants at the wharf and give them the hospitality of their own home sixty miles west of the city, whither they take them in a Conestoga wagon, drawn by slow-plodding oxen. After a good rest the newcomers, with all their worldly goods, including a big wooden chest full of garments and bed-clothes, continue their journey in the same kind of vehicle, canvas-covered, to Columbia, where they secure a license to settle in Springettsbury Manor from the land-office of the Penns. The river is low and so they ford it to save expenses. Their home-sick eyes fail to be entranced by its glorious vistas. Its swift waters, gurgling among its exposed rocks, make their hearts timid. But they safely reach the other side. There they see a clump of native apple trees in bloom. Presently they see a woman with a proud bearing on a horse galloping along the trail above the shingles of the shore. The time is 1734 and this is Captain Cresap’s wife who is acting as scout of the Marylander’s fort only a few miles away. She goes to report how many of Penn’s people crossed the river on that day. Following a rough road through the thick forest over the old Indian trail to the Monocacy, our friends reached the vicinity of the Codorus just as the sun was going down. The oxen were tethered at trees beside a brook, which meandered through a nar- row meadow. ‘The good wife spread a bed in the wagon’s bed; made a little supper of cheese and rye bread upon the chest, the first table of most pioneers, and soon the whole family was soundly asleep under the hoops of the canvas and the inky gloom of the young foliage. The next morning they sought a spring that had been gushing and waiting for them during untold centuries and by its side they in due time built the one-roomed log-cabin which was to be their home for the rest of their lives and their death-chamber at its end. A clearing was made for the first crop of maize. A garden was planted with vegetables. Even a few old world flowers were there to adorn it. The hard struggle for existence was on. But peace reigned everywhere. The Bible, the hymn-book, and Arndt’s True Christianity gave consolation in loneliness. The thinly scattered neighbors were sociable and helpful. The angels of happiness and hope hovered over the forest-home, and the angel of contentment held sway within. But the Church and the school, those twin-sister forces of civilization, were not as yet. However, soul-hunger became keen in the strange land. There was a famine of the word of God that was worse than the scarcity of food. The field in the wild- wood was white for the pioneer missionary’s sickle. Thus far our survey of the primitive conditions in our present territory nearly two hundred years ago had to do mostly with 22 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD the line of immigration along the Monocacy Indian trail. But Harris Ford, where the Cumberland Valley debouches upon the broad Susquehanna, also became a gateway for the overflow of population into the regions beyond the original Shakamoxon fron- tier. True, many settlers of the fertile domain between the North and South Mountains of the Alleghenies, in Cumberland, Franklin and Fulton, entered by way of the York-Carlisle bridle-path and over the borders of Adams; but a strong current also poured down from the Paxtang and other settlements in eastern Pennsylvania. Harris established his trading-post, near the famous mulberry tree, in 1705. About 1730 the restless and adventurous Scotch-Irish began to penetrate into the coves of Fulton. The first settlers of Adams were this class. They removed from the lower clear- ings and barrens of York County. The first shock-troops of civilization, in the wild and dangerous pristine environment of the great valley frontier, mostly were of this daring and enter- prising gens. Only afew English mingled with them. ‘The flood- tide began to move about 1715, and so rapidly increased in vol- ume that an officer of the Colony wrote to the Penns, ‘‘It looks as if Ireland is to send all her inhabitants, for last week not less than six ships arrived, and every day two or three arrive also.” (Ege’s History of Penna., p. 615). It is important to remember that these new clans from Erin’s isle were Protestants, and in every way a desirable people. A feud arose between them and the Germans in York County in 1749, because the Proprietors refused to sell any more land in that district to the Irish. Hence a great influx of these Kelts into the Cumberland Valley took place. The Germans, too, clinging more closely to land once occupied, soon (about 1734) began to supplant their more nomadic English and Scotch-Irish neighbors. Thus it happened that an army of Teutonic immi- grants and trekkers filtered into the well-watered rich vales and wide tracts beneath the shadows of the Blue Mountains. The hardy pioneers of both these great stocks soon were numerous enough to organize civic units for law and order. Cumberland County was formed in 1750, and at first, comprised Bedford (1771), Northumberland (1772), Franklin (1784), Mifflin (1789), Perry (1820), and Fulton (1850). Adams was cut off from York County in 1800. During the long French and Indian War (1755-1765), the dwellers on this sector of civilization received the brunt of the attack. A line of forts was built, one every tenth mile, from Bediord to Easton. Yet the stealthy marauding red man mas- sacred fourteen hundred peaceful men, Women and children during those dreadful vears. In 1756 the Big Cove settlement was nearly wiped out. Especially between 1757 and 1763 many savage raids took place and many barbaric murders were perpetrated. The distress was great. The people fled like flocks of frightened sheep PIONEER LUTHERANS IN PENNSYLVANIA Zo into the stockades at Chambersburg, Shippensburg and Carlisle. (Frontier Forts of Penna., vol. I, pp. 508ff and 527ff). This bitterness was experienced and shared by our Lutheran progeni- tors with their suffering neighbors. CHAPTER II THE First MISSIONARY The first great home-missionary of the Lutheran Church in America, of whom we have documentary evidence, was born at Luedorf (Leudhorst), in the Lower Palatinate, Germany, Decem- ber 21,1707. After studying the.classics and theology privately, he emigrated with his father, also a minister, to Pennsylvania, ar- riving at Philadelphia, September 11, 1728. He seems to have been a born preacher, having held service on shipboard, and upon landing immediately became a traveling missionary to the scatter- ed communities in the wilds of this state, which of course then was only a colony of Great Britain. After for some unknown reason having been denied ordination by Rev. Daniel Falkner, in New Jersey, he received the rite at the hands of Rev. Christian Schultz, a pastor in Philadelphia, who had himself been in America only about seven months. At that time there were only about half a dozen Lutheran ministers in this country. The ordination of young Stoever, being then only twenty-six years of age, took place in a barn at the Trappe, April 8, 1733. At the same time he was married to a young lady of whom we know only that she was born in Germany, that she was eight years his junior, that her maiden name was Maria Catarina Merckling, and that she became the mother of eleven children. Immediately upon his ordination and marriage he resumed his operations in the interior of the colony, where he had before been laboring as a lay preacher. The young missionary and his bride found a home at Earl Town, in Lancaster County, from which as a center he officiated at Philadelphia, Lebanon, Tulpehocken, Chestnut Hill, Germantown, New Hanover (Montgomery) and Goschenhoppen, Conestoga, Manheim, Conojahela, Codorus and Conewago (York County), Monocacy (Maryland) and beyond the the Potomac in Virginia, as Well as a dozen other places. When we remember the clumsy means of transportation and travel of those early days, we must marvel at the scope of his operations. We may obtain an idea of the rapidity and extent of his move- ments from the fact that in the year 1733, he baptized children in the following widely separated neighborhoods: January 20th, at Oley (Berks); February 11th, at Providence (Montgomery) ; April 16th, at Northkill (Lebanon); June 12th and 24th, at Falk- ner’s Swamp (near Pottstown); July 8th, 15th, and 23d, at Chest- nut Hill (six negro children); August 4th, at Colebrookdale 24 First MISSIONARY TO FIRST SYNOD 25 (Montgomery); August 5th, at Chestnut Hill again; August 20th, at Schuylkill; September 3d, at Falkner’s Swamp again; Septem- ber 15th, at Ridge (near Philadelphia); September 17th, at Lebanon; September 20th in the Oley Mountains (Berks); Sep- tember 29th at Swatara; October 20th at Colebrookdale again; October 28th, at Merion (near Philadelphia); October 29th, at Skippak; November 7th, at Lebanon; November 13th, at Cole- brookdale again; November 25th, at Chestnut Hill again; Decem- ber 2d, at Germantown; December 10th, at Oley again; December 16th, at Chestnut Hill again. Last, but not least for our purpose, Stoever traversed York County during the same year. What an ecclesiastical shuttle-cock this man was! No doubt mostly on horseback he forded rivers, crossed mountains, traversed wildernesses, rode from clearing to clearing, from cabin to cabin, on Sabbaths and week days, year in and year out, innocent of vacations, preaching the word, administering the sacraments, organizing congregations, encouraging the little flocks, marrying the living, burying the dead, and thus cherishing ‘‘the day of small things” and sowing for the future. The exact year in which missionary John Caspar Stoever first crossed the Susquehanna into our territory is unknown. We have no unquestioned data by which to decide the question beyond doubt. He kept no diary. But. he did keep accurate pastoral records, and these are still extant. The first entry of a baptism in our parts is that of a child named John Jacob Kitzmiller, son of John Martin Kitzmiller, on April 19, 1731; and is accredited to the Church on the Conewago, which was the designation given to the Lutheran congregation formed later of Digges’ Choice, now St. Matthew’s at Hanover. No one has ever claimed that Mr. Stoever was at Hanover in 1731. We know that that fine section was only beginning to be settled about that time. The record of this baptism is not in any known church-book. We also know that Mr. Stoever was not ordained before 1738, and there- fore hardly would have traveled so far to baptize one baby, where as yet only a few Lutherans lived. But, above all mere conjec- ture, there in not one iota of proof that Mr. Stoever ever crossed the Susquehanna before his ordination in 1733. Only in that year did he begin his register at New Holland, where he resided. The pastoral records of this great Lutheran itinerant have been translated by the late Dr. F. J. F. Schantz and afford in- teresting reading. The present writer has also seen the original. These old records mark only one baptism for 1730. But there are a number of 1731 noted. The date of this Kitzmiller baptism is a puzzle to the historian. On it as a basis the priority of Christ Church, York, and its honor as the mother church west of the Susquehanna have been disputed. Prowell’s late history of York County would question that fact. Dr. Theodore Schmauk in his 26 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD history of the Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania, claims that Stoever did cross the river before 1733. In our day entries are written in succession, the latest in date always coming last in space. This is not the case in Stoever’s records. According to the custom of the olden time he would jot down the name of the head of the family and then register under it all the baptisms of that family in order of age as they occurred. He would leave sufficient space for the future, which usually was well filled afterwards, though many staring, white blanks are left bare. Now, suppose John Jacob Kitzmiller was born at Karl Town, Lancaster County. The babv boy is taken to the resident pastor for baptism. The minister enters the account of the act in his private record. The family sometime thereafter moves to the frontier settlement, lately opened on the Conewago, where on October 15, 1734, another boy arrives. In December of that year the same pastor goes up from the Codorus and baptizes this second child. The pastor enters the name right under that of the first. A third baby is baptized in 1738 and the record 1s placed at the bottom of the group. We thus see how easily the birth and baptism of a baby at Earl Town might be so recorded as to seem to have occurred at Conewago, which afterwards became its home. This we are persuaded is exactly what did in fact take place. At least there is not, aside from that otherwise explainable record, a scintilla of evidence that Stoever crossed the Susque- hanna prior to 1733. We seek to establish this fact without bias, simply and solely in the interests of historical truth. Stoever’s book records that on September 30, 1733, he bap- tized children both at Schiefen (Chestnut Hill, near Philadelphia), and at Conewago (Hanover). These two places being over one hundred miles apart, there plainly would here be an error, unless we explain the statements in the light of the above mentioned custom of making entries. If the Hanover baby was simply born at Chestnut Hill and afterwards baptized at Hanover the case is plain. Or, a baby born at Hanover might during a visit have been baptized at Chestnut Hill. Dr. Jesse Koller, one of the most accurate scholars, wrote the extant history of St. Matthew’s church, Hanover, the only possible aspirant for first place, outside of Christ Church, York, and which celebrated its sesqui-centennial in 1893. He knew that the congregation on the Conewago was organized in 17438. Part of its pre-documentary existence no doubt synchronizes with that of the congregation on the Codorus, but during the first few years it was somewhat dependent upon the latter for services. At least during the first decade the former was not a distinct organi- zation, but in a somewhat inchoate condition. However, the Lutherans on the Conewago built their log church one year before First MIssIonaRY TO FIRST SYNOD Dh those on the Codorus built theirs. But as an organized congre- gation the former never claimed priority over the latter. As far as the date of the afore-mentioned baptism is an item in the account, the whole question receives illumination from an event which is recorded in Rupp’s History of Adams County (1846, p. 539). It is there said, “In 1737 Martin Kitzmiller made a purchase of some lands near to Digges’ first patented tract in Conewago, and the next year built a house and mill,” ete. As this is the first: legal documentary notice we have of Martin Kitz- miller, we may be justified in claiming that the year 1737 marks the date of his arrival on the Conewago, with his son, Jacob, who, either himself, or possibly his son, Jacob, the third, afterwards (1752) in a scuffle with Sir Dudley Digges, while resisting a Maryland arrest, killed the latter. Of course any date we have mentioned as marking the time when the first Kitzmiller came to any part of York County is only an hypothesis. But it is highly improbable that any of that family had crossed the River before 1731. Prowell’s History of York County says (p. 77) that “Jacob Kitzmiller, the emigrant, arrived in this province not later than the spring of 1736.” If this statement were correct, our point would be established beyond a peradventure, and the quotation in the same history of the baptism of 1731 self-contradictory. But it is an error. Johannes Kitzmiller, as already stated, ar- rived in 1728, and besides him no other of that name came before 1753. To suppose that the “Johannes” of 1728 was our John Martin, of Earl Town, otherwise called ‘‘Senior,” and that either he or some of his sons removed to Conewago in 1737, where Mr. Stoever visited them in 1738 (as the pioneer’s record shows that he did), would meet all the difficulties in the case and leave un- disputed the ancient claim that the zealous itinerant did not cross the Susquehanna before 1733, when we are sure he did cross it. Mr. J. F. Sachse, in ‘‘German Sectarians,’’ mentions ‘‘Cone- wago’’ as one of the places where Rev. John Casper Stoever effected an organization (Vol. I, p. 212). This must be a mistake, unless he refers to a place in Lancaster County. It is supposed that during the decade that he served at the ‘‘Codorus,”’ he also preach- ed at “Conewago” (York County), but of this there is no docu- mentary proof. However, his pastoral record shows that he con- tinuously baptized children in that region, and it may safely be presumed that these little ones were consecrated either in their homes or at some more or less congregational rendezvous in the community. At a time when there was such a famine of the word of God, it is not likely that Stoever would be allowed to come and go away from the German settlement on the ‘‘Conna- waka’”’ without being prevailed upon to hold services. Dr. Schmauk says (p. 242) that in 1732 “the Conewago in MecAllistertown in Hanover, York County, across the Susque- hanna was established.’’ For this statement there is not a scin- 28 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD tilla of evidence. How could it have been established without preaching or divine services of some kind, and who would have been the minister? Not Stoever, for so far as we know he did not in that year cross the Susquehanna. Of a lay reader we have heard nothing as yet at that date in connection with that com- munity. The settlement was too raw even to have a school. If by “established”? Dr. Schmauk simply means that Lutherans had begun to rush into that district, then designated ‘Digges’ Choice,” since perhaps 1730 (hardly earlier) and that they came thick and fast, and that they soon formed a nucleus for organization, we can allow his declaration to stand. But from the facts in the ease, other significance it can not have. Dr. J. C. Koller, for over a-quarter of a century the learned pastor of St. Matthew’s, Hanover, in his history of the congre- gation (p. 10), says: “St. Matthew’s traces its origin directly back to the settlement of Germans who migrated to this region probably no earlier than 1731. Just about a time that a colony of Roman Catholics, sent out by the adherents of Lord Baltimore, located on the northwestern side of the Conewago Creek, where now the well-known Conewago chapel stands, a band of Protestants-—al- most exclusively Lutherans—encouraged by the heirs of William Penn—built their rude cabins on the southeast side of the same stream. These same German forefathers were the originators of our church. And although the name of the congregation has been changed three times, it preserves at this day on its records some names held by the original occupants of the county, as Barnitz, Biedinger, Carl, Shultz, and Young. “As early as 1738-42 apparently fruitless efforts had been made to gather the isolated people into a congregation. An ener- getic and godly layman—Yost Mosher by name—who had au- thority to perform Nothtaufen (as the baptisms of the dying are called) conducted meetings from house to house, read prayers and sermons, and the service (liturgy) with people who longed for the renewal of their prized privileges in the Faderland’’. That no injustice has been done to Dr. Schmauk’s claim that the Conewago congregation was organized in 1732 is evident from his own words in a letter to Rev. Ralph H. Bergstresser of Hanover, who inquired for the authority of his statement. Under date of November 30, 1919, the former says: “Replying to yours of November 28th, the passage you quote is a part of a summary of dates of founding of churches, which I prepared to give the reader an idea of the progressive development of our Pennsylvania Lutheranism. The dates were assigned when I was in special touch with all the sources, with the lives of the ministers, and with the local history of communities, and was thus in a good position to test and corroborate. “Tt may have been given in one of the reports or letters of Muhlenberg; it may have been an inference from the Diary of T’irst MIssIonaRy TO Frrst Synop 29 John Caspar Stoever; it may have been based upon some local information furnished me by Mr. Prowell, Curator of the His- torical Society, York, or a combination of these. “There may have been a note in one of the early Church- records of the region, that indicated it. It is possible that Dr. B. M. Schmucker, in his article on the Lutheran Church at York, in the Lutheran Church Review, may have indicated some sources. “To give you a definite answer, I would be obliged to go into the whole situation again, with perhaps weeks of work, and that is impossible at present.”’ The author of this history challenged the now lamented Dr. Schmauk to furnish the data on which he based his assertion, and he also gave the above reason for not complying. But it is not in this way that history can be written. We must have the facts, and facts must be established by records. Only thus can dates be fixed. Guesses or half memories will not answer. What is our source of evidence that John Caspar Stoever crossed the Susquehanna in 1733 and organized a Lutheran con- geregation somewhere near the east bank of the Codorus Creek? It is a venerable document, bound in pigskin, musty, venerable and worn with age. It was paid for by twenty-four men, some of them likely very young, whose names are written on the fly-leaf by the same hand, which anyone, though not an expert in chirog- raphy, soon would recognize as that of John Caspar Stoever himself. The heading reads: “Namen der Persohnen welche zu Erkauffung und Einschrei- bung dieses Kirchenbuches mit nach Vermogen beygetragen haben.” (Names of the persons who, according to their ability, con- tributed toward the purchase and inscription of this church-book.) On the opposite page is the following caption: “Verzecchniss der getauften Kinder in der Evangelischen- Lutherischen Gemeinde an der Katores.”’ (Register of the baptized children in the Evangelical Lutheran congregation on the Codorus.) Then follows the entry of the first baptism, that of Maria Catarina Beyer, daughter of John Adam Beyer, whose wife is not mentioned. the witnesses having been Peter Gardner, Lewis Stein and his wife (“ef uxor ejus’’) Catarina. This baptism took place September 23, 1733. On the same day Stoever baptised another Maria Catarina, only eleven days old, daughter of John Heerburger (mother again not mentioned), to which Maria Catarina Heyl was witness. Concerning the twenty-four names of males on the fly-leaf of this church book, Dr. B. M. Schmucker says (p. 4): ‘We know the date of arrival in America of at least sixteen, only four of whom arrived at Philadelphia before 1731, six arrived in the fall of 1731, and six in the fall of 1732. Of the heads of families whose names 30 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD are entered in the baptismal register before the year 1741, the date of the arrival at Philadelphia of forty-nine is known, of whom five came in 1727, two in 1728, one in 1730, eleven in 1731, twenty- two in 1732, six in 1733, and two in 1734.’ This shows that many of the original Lutherans came almost directly to York County, at least without stopping long anywhere else. Many of them, if not all, were vigorous young married men, though, perhaps, eight out of the twenty-four pioneers who chipped in for the books were minors and single youths. It may be worth while to consider how Stoever was led to cross over to our vicinity. First of all, he lived on the emigrant route that stretched between Philadelphia and Lancaster, on which he would daily meet people on their way to seek homes west of the great river. Perhaps some of them were old friends, who would rest by the way at his home. At least two of the original signers of the first protocol of the Codorus congregation, Sabastian Eberle and George Shoemaker, had been fellow-passen- gers of his on the ship James Goodwill, David Crocket, master, from Rotterdam, in 1728. If any deaths occurred on this side, he was the nearest minister to get to officiate at the funeral. In case of marriages, the same was true. Add to these circumstances his zeal for itinerating, and the desire of the early settlers for the gospel, which, on the part of at least some, was ardent, and we can easily see how the missionary at Earltown soon would have his attention directed toward the new settlements along the Cono- johela and up to the Codorus and beyond. ‘The way was easy. There were no mountain barriers, the road was level, and there was a ferry (since 1730) at John Wright’s place. For the sake of clear understanding a few remarks are here necessary. The bare fact that the Stoever records mention places where children were baptized is no positive proof that organizations ex- isted in those localities. The widest latitude must be given these names of spots. Their geography is very indefinite. On this subject, Dr. H. E. Jacobs, in a private letter to the writer, says: “The places given in the baptismal records do not represent con- gregations. Mr. Stoever made periodical trips down as far as Opequan, Va., baptizing on his route all the children of German parents who desired it. The record of Conewago does not in- dicate any congregation, but only the place. Some of his earliest entries designate Chestnut Hill, and yet there was no Lutheran congregation there until 140 years afterwards.” But the fact that a church-record was purchased is prima facie evidence of some form of organization In a community. On this point, Dr. Schmauk (p. 358), says, with reference to the con- eregation on the Codorus: “As in the case of the other congrega- tions organized by Stoever, a church record was purchased, on the fly-leaf of which the names of twenty-four persons are recorded First MIssiIonarRy TO First SynNop St who contributed to the purchase of the book.” Dr. B. M. Schmucker, in his brochure, says the same thing. We thus are historically certain as to the year of the beginning of the organized Lutheranism in York County. Unfortunately the date of the sub- scription for the Codorus book is not given, but the names are unmistakably written in Stoever’s own clear and sometimes ornate hand. The entry of the first baptism on the opposite page with its date, September 23, 1733, also was his personal work. How- ever, that date is not the exact birthday of the congregation on the Codorus, but it is approximate enough for historical start and use. Unless the missionary carried such blank books with him, which may be considered to have been impossible, we must sup- pose at least two trips for the consummation of securing this church-record—one during which it was ordered and paid for, and one to bring it either from Lancaster or still more likely from Philadelphia. This very reasonable supposition might argue for a previous visit and operation in the York Valley. Consequently the congregation on the Codorus was born earlier, rather than later than September 23, 1733. Of course, it is also possible that the book might have been bought after this epoch-making bap- tism was performed and the ministerial act afterwards copied from a day book. But the fact that it does not occur in the private record of Stoever militates against such an idea. Hence it is practically impossible to fix upon any other date as the initium of Lutheranism west of the Susquehanna. Its origin and birth hour in future years will invariably be quoted as having occurred on September 23, 1733. Such is our best scientific know- ledge of the case; hence this must be our base of departure and return. One may easily get an erroneous conception of the size of the original congregation. The expression that the church on the Codorus was started with twenty-four members is misleading. It leaves the impression that this first flock in the wilderness on the west side of the river was exceedingly small in numbers. Nor is it correct to call these charter members. They signed no articles of faith or agreement. They only chipped in shillings and pence to buy a book. It is possible that not all of them were confirmed. Be that as it may, we know that already in 1732 there were four hundred taxpayers in York County territory. Consequently at a fair rate of calculation and especially considering the pace of im- migration in those years, there must have been a population of more than one thousand souls in the region extending twenty miles westward from the Susquehanna. Though some of these were German Reformed, and a few were Mennonites, Dunkards, or Cathclics, while too many were godless worldlings, the bulk of them were Lutherans. Hence the constituency of the infant con- gregation in 1733 must have numbered several hundred souls. It was weak only in resources, not in adherents. Its territory was Eps History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD immense, covering the entire stretch of valley from the river to the Conewago Creek. But where was its central location? Not on the present site of York, which was not laid out before 1741. Yet it must have been somewhere in the region bordering on the east bank of the Codorus. If it were not for the designation “Congregation on the Codorus,” we would be inclined to the opin- ion that the nucleus of this first flock was somewhere about Hallam or Canodochly. But those localities are too far away from the Codorus to make that probable. It is more likely that. the Lu- therans who lived between the Codorus and Stonybrook presented the first rallying point for the formation of the spiritual interests of “the forest primeval,’’ where the inchoate church might take shape. In view of the subsequent history of our Church in this re- spect it is worthy of note that the first congregation was not ab origine and never afterwards became a union church. The names In the old records show that at first the German Reformed had cast in their lot with the Lutherans. This was very natural. Outside of the Swiss, the traditions of all the Reformed were Lutheran. South Germany, and the Palatinate, whence most of our immigrants came, was first Lutheran and afterwards was part- ly persuaded to become Calvinistic. No doubt the pioneer Re- formed missionaries held their services among the Lutherans, in the primitive log cabins but later, for the lasting good of both sides, their people moved into their own spiritual home (1743). But their wise example was not followed by the daughters of the mother churches. Outside of Hanover, most of the subsequent Reformed and Lutheran movements toward organization issued in union churches, either originally or finally. The reasons seemed to be sound and what was plausible carried the day. (1). Both parties used a common language, the German, which, as over against the English, each was zealous to perpetuate in America. On account of the suspiciousness of the government and its later discriminations against them, they hated its very language. However, their love for their native tongue was strong enough to induce them to desire its perpetuity. Many of them felt that it must be the language of heaven. (2). The Reformed gradually leaving Zwinglianism behind and adopting Calvinism in its stead, were unconsciously approach- ing the Lutheran position. At least, the line of demarcation be- tween them grew very thin. As proof we would cite the fact that many of these bipartite churches were called ‘Lutheran and Calvinist.”” We know of none that was described as Lutheran and Zwinglian. Hence the only visible difference being that one said ‘Father our’’ (paternoster) and the other ‘‘our Father’’ (unser vater) in the Lord’s Prayer, they kept their organizations distinct, but preferred to worship under the same roof. (3). Both were poor and needed to lean on each other for First MIssIonaRyY TO FIRST SYNOD ays) support. When neither was able to build a house of worship, it was felt to be best to join forces and erect a common one for both. Unless this had been done, or one would have aliowed itself to be absorbed by the other, an assimilation against which their intense individualism rebelled, some of our primitive com- munities would have suffered long for a house of God. In a number of them the Lutherans could have built independently, but generously took the Reformed in as partners. In some cases this was done ab orzqgine; in others, many years after the Lutherans had existed alone. In a very few instances, conditions were re- versed, and the Reformed housed the weaker Lutherans. (4). Another and perhaps in the end the strongest reason for this ecclesiastical co-operation was the fact that so many of these immigrants had come from the same places and had suffered together in the common cause of Protestantism. There were among them very few families that were not intermarried, and this social bond is ever one of the firmest and most influential in deciding policies of all kinds. Some men occupy a very large place in the annals of their own times, but a much smaller place afterwards. Others do not receive their due in their own day, but loom larger and larger in later vears. John Caspar Stoever belongs to the latter class. On account of a certain independence of character and consciousness of priority of service, he was not appreciated at his full value by the first synod men (1748). But if Muhlenberg was the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in this country, Stoever was its path- finder. His work speaks louder every day in history. It is well to consider the relation of the early Lutheran con- eregation in York County to the general history of our denomina- tion in this country. Only this makes it so worth while to give it any attention, and for this reason Dr. Schmuker devotes an entire chapter in his history to the founding of our Church in York County. Our connection with the past gives us our significance. All the forces of former ecclesiastical development passed over the Susquehanna into our territory in 1733. Civilization and Chris- tianity both pushed over their older bounds to find here a new home. What was the status of our Church on the Codorus in 1733 with reference to past history and more ancient localities in this new world? It then was the outmost frontier post of Prot- estant Christianity. Roman Catholicism from another direction had penetrated as far west as New Mexico (1540), and Minnesota (1680). The first Lutheran minister, a sea chaplain, who reached the American continent, was Rasmus Jensen, in 1619. The year 1733 was the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of Luther’s birth. In 1727 Rieth’s church in Tulpehocken, or the Lebanon Valley, was built. Since 1729 there existed in Lancaster a Luth- eran congregation which in 1733 had 149 communicants. In 1730, Stoever had settled at Earltown, where he began work, as well as 34 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD on the Cocalico, in the same county. In 1734, the Salzburger Lutherans established themselves in Georgia. In 1733, Philadel- phia was 50 vears old. In 1639, the first Lutheran minister, as a settler, Rev. Reorus Torkillus, arrived in the colonies and settled on the Delaware. This was 94 vears before Stoever reached the Codorus. In 1702, the first Lutheran ordination in America took place in Philadelphia. It was that of Justus Falkner. In 1733, there was in Philadelphia a Lutheran congregation having less than one hundred members. Besides this there was one in Falkner’s Swamp, another at New Providence, both in Mont- gomery County, and these three in 1733 sent a call to Halle, Germany, for ministers of the gospel. In New York, the Luth- erans had been established since 1628, or 105 years before John Caspar Stoever baptized the first baby along the “swiftly flowing”’ Codorus. George Washington was only an infant one year and six months old. Such was the historical setting of the original congregation in Springettsbury Manor. For nearly a decade Stoever continued his services among the Lutherans along the Conojohela, Codorus and Conewago, visiting this section ordinarily about onee a month. His home was forty miles away and Wright’s Ferry often afforded only a perilous passage, yet his trips were pretty regular. Surely the “care of all the churches” (2 Cor. 11:28), meant much to him. In the Codorus or Christ Church book from the beginning until the close of 1742, there is not an entry except in his easily recog- nized hand. In that time he baptized 191 persons and married 34 couples. He has left no records of confirmations, burials, or communions at which he officiated during his pastorate here. Consequently much of his work and the history of our Church during those morning-like ten years must be left to conjecture. But our general knowledge of the time and environment easily aids the imagination in forming a true picture of the scene. The people first lived in their covered wagons, in which they had brought their few household goods and culinary utensils. While the men were felling trees with which to build a log hut the women did their cooking in the open air, two forked or crotched upright sticks of wood stuck in the ground with a cross-pole laid between them and a few stones underneath serving as a primitive hearth. At night the family found a couch in the wagon-bed, where sleep was sweet and refreshing, while the animals, the horses, oxen, cows, sheep or goats, were tethered in the forest. We know that at first there was great suffering for want of forage. The natural meadows where grasses grew were few. ‘The hay had to be brought from across the river and was very scarce and expensive. Cows often had nothing to browse on during the winter except the sprigs and buds of trees. The fare of the people themselves contained no luxuries. Not even the wilderness would always furnish their tables (at first only the lid of a wooden chest or the endgate of a First MIssIoNARY TO First SyNopD 30 wagon) with meat. Thus until a crop of grain, maize, and veg- etables was raised, and a rough, windowless, one-doored cabin built, life on the new homesteads was a real hardship. Self-denial and privation took all the poetry out of existence. Where plenty now abides, there then were only want and exposure, though re- lieved by the peace and love of the household. Long did the scant wardrobe that was brought over the sea have to last, until flax furnished homespun. Moccasins were the native shoes and deer skin afforded durable pantaloons, while hose grew upon the backs of sheep. This strenuous and frugal life Stoever shared with the pioneer settlers of his congregations. His labors were many and difficult, his remuneration was meager. Under such circumstances it was anything but convenient to hold divine services. Private houses and barn floors were the first sanctuaries. If there was a school house anywhere in the valley between the Susquehanna and the Codorus, which after a few years may have been the case, it served as a church also. But of that we have no knowledge. The minister carried his own Bible and hymn book. The lesson was read, the hymn was lined. The people sat on backless benches made of hewn planks on legs, or stood through the long service and did not complain either of prolixity or inconvenience. There were no fires at the winter services, except on the outside of the building. God was with them, and they grew in grace and the know- ledge of Christ, and the Spirit kept them warm. The church, like a lone pelican’s egg in the wilderness, increased in size, means, and hope, until 1t soon burst the shell of its primitive environment and sought more favorable conditions. For human nature ten years of arduous, rough tabernacle-shifting was severe and irk- some enough. Yet, what is a decade in a long history? Stoever’s ministry in these parts ceased in April, 1748. From the entries in the church book, Dr. B. M. Schmucker thinks that during February, March and April of that vear, the congregation was visited bv another pastor who, from the manner of his records, was an aged man, well-trained in such chronicles. Who this character was remains a mystery. He may have been a wander- ing gospeller or a transient pedagogue. We do not know. Why he came, why he left so soon, now are unanswerable queries, which we must leave locked up with much besides in the silent book of mystery. The town of York was laid out in 1741. The fact undoubted- ly determined the future center of the congregation on the Codorus. The Penns very generously offered free church sites and the Luth- erans quickly accepted theirs on a slight rise of ground immediately south of the great square. This was done during Stoever’s pastorate. How much he had to do personally in this transaction we do not know. But at least from that year on “Goose Hill,” as tradition says it was called, began to be the nucleus around 36 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD which the Lutherans of this section finally swarmed and built their hive, and here they have been busy bees ever since. The tradition that they laid the foundations of their church at mid- night in order to outwit the Reformed has not even a gossamer thread of reality to support it. But it is a fact that when John Caspar Stoever ceased to visit the congregation on the Codorus, it possessed by grace of the Quaker government, a piece of ground for a local habitation, as well as a name. We know that he was something of a land agent elsewhere. While he served in York County, he at the same time made many trips with some regularity down as far as Monocacy (near Frecerick, Md.), Opeguon (near Winchester), Woesamutton and Shenandoah (Va.), where he baptized many children. These long trips of a hundred miles and more he made at all seasons of the vear, even after he had removed from Earltown to the Quittapa- hilla, near Lebanon, in 1740. He ministered to people of all denominations. Remarkable to relate, he even baptized the children of Captain Thomas Cresap, the notorious Maryland intruder, who, because he represented the Roman Catholic house of Baltimore, usually has been described asa papist. Jrom the fact that Stoever’s services were acceptable to him, he likely was a member of the Church of England. Many of the names from Conojohela, Kreutz Creek, Codorus, and Conewago, which the pioneer itinerant records, have entirely disappeared from our census reports. A goodly number, however, still remain in honor among us. Inasmuch as Stoever was such an important factor in the early days of our territory’s Lutheranism, in fact an essential part of it, and inasmuch as we are by this time warmly interested in his personality, we will continue this section with an account of his after-life. Three years before he closed his work in our valley, he had removed his residence from Earltown to the banks of the Quittapahilla, where as early as 1737 he had secured a tract of 300 acres of land and began to erect thereon a stone building, which served him as dwelling and mill until his death, and which is standing to this day. He was a man of means and, in 1763, became the head of the Lebanon Land Company and thus was the principal manager of the temporal affairs of that place (origi- nally Steitztown). He presented both the Lutheran and the Ger- man Reformed congregations there with lots for church and burial purposes. But in spite of this secularization he continued to be a Lutheran circuit rider as busy and unwearied as ever. Before Stoever left York county, other denominations became active in these regions. In 17388, the German Baptists had formed a congregation on the Conewago, near Hanover. Many German Reformed had come with the early Lutheran immigrants and for some years (perhaps ten) threw in their lot with them, at least Stoever baptized many of their children. First MIssionarRy TO First Synop ti Although not organizing during his pastorate here, the Scotch- Irish Presbyterians began to settle in the present Chancefords and Hopewells in the southern part of York county, and the English Quakers began to move beyond the Conewagos northward. A few Church of England people (Episcopalians) were scat- tered here and there. With these English immigrants he had but little contact, but their language soon began to influence his parishioners. When Stoever left the county there were here some thousands of inhabitants, but York had only eleven houses to boast of (Prowell, 688). Practically the whole district was com- posed of a rural population. At this point appears the second minister who did good work on our territory in the person of Rev. David Candler, concerning whom as yet very little is known. Where he came from and how he became a minister is a mystery. It is the opinion of Dr. Beale Schmucker that Rev. Caspar Stoever inducted him into the office for the express purpose of appointing him as his successor in the growing field beyond the river. He says, in his history of Christ Church (p. 8), ‘“The reasons for this conclusion are that Pastor Stoever’s pastoral acts continue unbroken until April 28, 1743, on which day he baptizes for the last time and on that day Pastor Candler’s baptisms begin. Whether Mr. Candler was at that time an ordained minister or not is unknown, as no trace of him has been found before that date, except that he was married and had several children, whose names he entered in the church record at Hanover, after he had begun it. But if not before or- dained, he was without doubt ordained by Stoever, and perhaps April 28th. Pastor Candler did not settle at York, but on the Conewago, about one mile southwest of where Hanover now stands, where, in May of the same year, he began to gather a congregation and provided a place of worship for them in the house built for him. He also began to minister to the congregation on the Monocacy about ten miles this side of Frederick, and he or- ganized that at Frederick, all in 1748. His charge reached from the Susquehanna to the Potomac, and he took up his residence in the center of the field. Rev. Candler, as we have seen, also was pastor at Conewago, whose first pastor he was. There being no evidence to the con- trary, We must consider him as the real founder of that congrega- tion. “At first the congregation met for worship in Pastor Candler’s house, which stood very near where the trolley crosses the Western Maryland Railroad. But in the summer of 1743 a log house of worship was erected on the north side of the McSherrystown (macadam) road, about one mile southeast of the present sanctu- ary. “The building was solemnly dedicated to the worship of God as a Church of the Unaltered Augsburg Confession. The Reformed 38 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD claimed no right or ownership, but certain privileges were accorded them, under careful supervision by the vestry or wardens, as the officials were called. This sanctuary served the congregation for thirteen years. Some traces of the graveyard, in which it stood, are still visible, but of the appearance of the building absolutely nothing is known, save that it was a structure of most primitive form; yet no more thankful worshippers ever assembled to hear the word of God in the most magnificient cathedral.” (Dr. Koller.) It is interesting to study primitive church architecture. The flocks in the wilderness, even before they had attained a name, looked about for a habitation. Barns and cabin homes were of necessity the first sanctuaries. Sometimes even the canopy of the heavens was the only dome of the forest congregations. The first buildings were constructed of logs and were so easily put up that one is surprised that it took the Lutherans on the Codorus and Conewago so long to secure one. But we must remember that the immigrant settlers had for generations been coddled by state churches, where the government did everything for them in eccelesiastical lines; hence they had never attained the power of initiative and self-reliance; nor were they in ethnical temperament as aggressive as some other nationalities are, and they were very busy with their own private affairs. They wanted some one, like the pastor, to lead, and Stoever did not have time to build churches west of the Susquehanna. We have seen that as soon as his suecessor, Candier, got on the ground on the Conewago, the pro- ject of securing a sanctuary was set on foot and succeeded the first year. One vear later (1744) the congregation on the Codorus followed the example. Dr. Beale Schmucker thinks they must have had somewhere east of the creek a special house in which their services were held, at least during the latter years of Stoever’s incumbency. Certainly, the demands of a growing congregation could not have been met in the usually small forest cabins or sta- bles of the period. If there was aschool-house or sanctuary in the valley, where the regular services were held, all vestiges of its existence have disappeared. But when in 1741 the town of York was laid out, the Penns donated lots for church purposes. This offer suggested the idea of concentrating their efforts and crystal- izing their spiritual longings on one spot, and thus soon, though not as soon as We would have expected it to be done, the Lutherans established their church home in Yorktown. Like that at Han- over, 1t was built under Candler’s administration; it was a rect- angular log structure, and did not cost much money. The land was donated, and still is owned by the congregation. The timber no doubt also was freely given, cut and hauled without charge. The only labor usually paid in primitive church-building was the carpenter’s work in hewing, notching, chinking, in constructing windows, doors, and seats. There was no need of the mason’s art. The undergirding of logs rested on the bare ground. Usual- First Missionary TO First SynNop 39 ly the blacksmith’s craft was enlisted, although in some instances all the joining was done with wooden pins. We are not told how the first temples on the Codorus and on the Conewago Were con- structed or furnished. We do not have the builder’s specifications. No doubt the plan only existed in the architect’s brain and never was put in blue print. But originally the rule was not to have a chimney or fireplace. Stoves had not yet been invented. When fires were made, they were made on the outside, where the people warmed themselves before they entered the church for worship. The floor usually was tamped mother earth. The seats were smoothed backless planks with legs, later called puncheons. The pulpit often was only a block of hollowed-out wood open at one side for the admission of the preacher. At first it was not highly elevated, because the roof was too low. Later it was fastened to the wall, like a swallow’s nest, and ascended by a winding stair- ease. The altar was a common round table with no railing before it. Such in general outlines were the churches which Rev. Candler was happy to see erected under his administration, near the streams whose names they bore. But it 1s a fact of history all through Pennsylvania that these strong buildings did not long endure. The most terrific storms could not blow them down. An earthquake could not have demolished them, but they had no protection against the tooth of the elements. Neither wooden walls nor shingled roofs were painted. Unless the chinks between the superimposed logs were closely watched, leakage would soon take place. ‘The sun would crack the logs, the rains would water- soak them. Having only one door and a few windows, want of light and fresh air would produce dampness and thus decay would set in both inside and outside. As a consequence, the first church on the Conewago lasted only thirteen years and that on the Co- dorus only sixteen. This was about the average age of such structures in the wilderness. Concerning the log church at York, Dr. Beale Schmucker says: ‘‘The date of its consecration is unknown, but we hope that the declining strength of the pastor lasted long enough to allow him to witness the happy result of his labors and see completed the church in which, besides its pastors, Muhlenberg, Brunholz, Handschuh, and Kurtz would preach as visitors.”’ After May, 1744, Rev. Candler made no entries in Christ Chureh book. His health failed and he died at Hanover in De- eember of that year. He was buried in the graveyard near bis home, but the mound that marked his resting place has disap- peared. No effort was made to keep the spot sacred. Besides this, all we know of him is that he had a son named David, who was born in 1740 and that this son married Miss Catharine Dinkle, of York, and was a respectable citizen and faithful Lutheran all his life. The funeral sermon at the burial of Rev. David Candler was 40 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD preached by Rev. Laurentius Nyberg, a Swede, who had just recently located at Lancaster. Thus lived and died a minister of the early days, a primitive church-builder, whom Dr. Koller numbers among true conservators and of whom he further says, “Although his personal history is shrouded in much uncertainty, his recorded acts are epoch-making—they impart the right ten- dency to institutions and insure the future against chaos and misrule.”’ On November 25, 1742, another great pastor and missionary came upon the stage of Lutheran operations in this country. His predecessors Were in a sense only workers; he was that, but also pre-eminently an organizer. His activities extended from Phila- delphia and vicinity, whither he had been called by three con- gregations and sent by the Halle Lutherans, in Germany, all the way to Georgia. He was the founder of the first Synod, and was so influential as a counselor and leader, that he has often been called ‘“‘Patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America.’ So much has been written about him in books, which are easily available, that in this history we can speak only of his relation to the devel- opment of the work in our territory. Muhlenberg paid his first visit to the Lutherans on our side of the Susquehanna in May, 1746. Of this visit he gives an ac- count in his own words. “From Lancaster I was called to a large congregation on the other side of the Susquehanna River, near the outmost borders of Pennsylvania, touching on Maryland. This congregation had oc- casionally been visited by Herr Nyberg, so long as he was con- sidered a genuine Lutheran preacher. The congregation consists of one hundred and ten families. Nyberg had promised to pro- cure for them another pastor from Sweden, but after the quarrel at Lancaster had begun, they would not have any further dealings with him. In that congregation I had to baptize a number of children and to confirm some whom the parochial teacher had instructed.” (Mann p. 166.) It is necessary to illuminate this description of another age so as to understand it. The large congregation to which he refers is that of Christ Church in York, which as a town had been established, as already stated, by John Penn, in 1741. But it still was on the map of Lancaster County, from which it was not separated before 1749. On this trip Muh- lenberg did not proceed farther into our field. The quarrel which he mentions was caused by Rev. Lars T. Nyberg, a Swede, who came to America in 1744 and took charge of our German church in Lancaster. He professed to be a Luth- eran, but secretly was a Moravian, or follower of Count Zin- zendorf, who for a while without authority claimed to be superin- tendent of the Lutherans in Philadelphia and elsewhere. In Lancaster in this very year of Muhlenberg’s first visit he disrupted First MIssIoNARY TO First SYNOD Al the congregation and took out a swarm of his own partisans to form a rival organization. When in December, 1744, shortly after Nyberg’s arrival in this country, Pastor Candler died at Hanover, the supposedly Lutheran Swede preached his funeral sermon. The Conewago members and others from surrounding communities asked him to take temporary charge of them and send to Sweden for a per- manent pastor. ‘““He began at once, not only at Lancaster, but at York, Conewago, Monocacy, and wherever he labored, to lay his plans to carry the congregation over to the Moravians and near the close of 1745 called a Moravian Conference at Lancaster. So soon as he had thrown off the cloak, the congregations rose up in resistance against him. In York the struggle was an especially severe one, as the Reformed Pastor, Rev. Jacob Lischy, was of the same mind and in the same concealed relation to the Mora- vians with him. They worked together with great heartiness and were assisted by brethren from Bethlehem. In and all around York they brought many to take sides with them. In 1746 a Moravian Synod was held at Kreutz Creek. Nyberg brought two Moravian missionaries from Bethlehem and tried to settle one as pastor of the Lutheran Church at York and the other at Monocacy. But the eyes of the majority of the members were now fully opened and they locked the doors on him in all the Lutheran churches from York to Frederick.” (B.M. Schmucker). It was on account of their sad experience with Nyberg and the consequent confusion, that the York congregation appealed to Muhlenberg to send them a preacher from Halle. Alas, there were as yet only two of them, Muhlenberg and Brunnholz, and two catechists, in this country. So it was impossible to grant their request. But it was in their interests that this first visit was made. However he had to leave their vacancy unsupplied. Their parochial teacher read sermons to them every Lord’s Day, taught the children the catechism, and thus kept the faithful part of the congregation intact waiting for a brighter day. In June, 1747, Muhlenberg visited our region a second time— not only York, but also Conewago, Monocacy, and Frederick. With a companion he rode from Lancaster, crossed.the river in a boat, in a raging storm which almost capsized it, and arrived at York at midnight where a number of people were awaiting him. Promising to tarry longer on his return, having arrived on June 19th, he left on the 22nd and went to Hanover. ‘They reached the Conewago congregation, which they found in equal confusion. Here also Nyberg had friends and antagonists. Muhlenberg spoke in kindness to them and made efforts to reconcile them. He enjoyed, apparently, the respect of both sides. He promised them that as soon as one of the invited ministers should settle at York they would from time to time be visited, and that, if ever 42 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD possible, he would find a good teacher for them, to instruct the youth and on Sundays to read a sermon to the congregation. “On June 23, Muhlenberg preached to them in a large barn, as many people had assembled from near and far. Some requested the celebration of the Lord’s Supper, but he was obliged to refuse, saying that they needed first proper repentance for their sins and application of the word of God. He baptized some children, at the same time reminding parents and sponsors of their duties. He also met with some who in the very first years of his labors had been members of his congregations, and, hearing him proclaim the word of God, were now moved to tears and bitterly complained that they were without the means of grace.” (Mann ». 190). From Hanover Muhlenberg started in a drenching rain traveling until 2 a. m. with two men who had come from Maryland to conduct him to Monocacy and Frederick. After his mission at those places was accomplished, on June 26, he and his traveling companion started homeward again. That night they spent in Hanover, apparently without holding a service, and the following day at noon they arrived at York. It was a Saturday. That afternoon Muhlenberg held pre- paratory service. The following Sunday so many people were present, some having come twenty miles, that half of them were compelled to stand on the outside of the log church. Muhlenberg baptized some children and confirmed a class of ‘‘fifteen young people amid plenteous tears, and ministered the Lord’s Supper to two hundred communicants and then closed the public service of the Sunday, the whole congregation on bended knees giving thanks unto the Father, in Christ Jesus, for all his unmerited grace.” (B. M. Schmucker, p. 16). After the death of Rev. Candler, at Hanover, in 1744, there was a vacancy in York and Hanover until 1748, when a licentiate, by the name of John Helfrich Schaum, teaching school in the Philadelphia congregation, came to take charge. Rev. J.T. Hand- schuh, of Lancaster, and another teacher from Philadelphia, by the name of J. F. Vigera, accompanied him to the Codorus on the 17th of May of that year. The new pastor was left in York, while Rev. Handschuh and Mr. Vigera proceeded to Hanover. CHA Pale it THe First SYNop The first effort to organize a general Lutheran body, composed of congregations as units, made in 1744, ended in failure, because some wanted to include the Moravians, and because the Germans and the Swedes could not agree on liturgy. But in a sense the three congregations that had called Muhlenberg, St. Michael’s, Philadelphia. New Hanover, and the Trappe, were a general body, for they subsisted under the title of ‘““The United Congregations,”’ and always acted jointly. However, the first organization that can be called a Synod took place in Philadelphia in August, 1748. Because at first ministers alone had a vote, and laymen only re- ported the conditions of the congregations, it received the name of Ministerium. The call was sent out by Muhlenberg, pastor of the three United Congregations, plus Rev. Peter Brunholz, pastor at Germantown, and was extended to Tulpehocken, Lancaster and York. The occasion was the dedication of the new St. Michael’s and the ordination of Rev. J. N. Kurtz, the pastor at Tulpehocken (Lebanon County). The York congregation, though invited, was not represented, because the notice was received too late. That York, as well as Tulpehocken and Lancaster, were already con- sidered as an equal and not simply as a filial in the case, appears in the wording of the invitation, which was relayed by the pastor at Lancaster. As this document was the first recognition of the official status of a congregation on our side of the river, it may have a place here. “To our beloved brethren in the faith, the deacons and elders and members of the Evangelical Lutheran Congregation at York: “The Gracious Hand of our God, with respect to our brethren in the faith, has led to the necessity of ordaining Mr. Kurtz as a pastor, consecrating with proper solemnities the church at Phila- delphia, and holding in connection with it a general Church con- vention. The time appointed is the approaching Tenth Sunday after Trinity, and the succeeding Monday, and probably Tuesday. To these peaceful and public solemnities we have been compelled to issue, in haste, the invitation to the church councils, deacons and elders of each of the congregations connected with us. We ask you, therefore, to be so kind as to appoint one of your deacons and, if possible, our dear brother, Mr. Eichelberger, and to send 43 44 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD him, at your expense, to Philadelphia. Since also Mr. Billmeier,. our worthy brother in the Lord, desires, within the next three weeks, to make a trip to Philadelphia, it will do no harm if he also attend the meeting. Kindly invite him, therefore, to arrange to accompany Mr. Hichelberger, so as to be in Philadelphia by next Saturday evening. If, however, his business prevent, and your circumstances so permit, you might defray either all or the half of his traveling expenses. Confer as to what can be done, without any great loss on your part. Leave your preacher, our beloved Brother Schaum, at home, since he must preach next Sunday in Connawaka, and can not travel so far, and my dear brother in the ministry is, for other reasons, in some uncertainty. I will expect, therefore, to meet One of your deacons, and, if pos- sible, Mr. Billmeier, next Saturday evening in Philadelphia. The Lord bless you all. May He prosper every effort for the glory of His Name, and the extension of His Evangelical Lutheran Church, and, according to His mercy, give your delegates and brethren a safe and pleasant journey! “Mr. Brunnholtz would have invited you with his own hand, but he thought the invitation would be too late. I have thought I would see if it were still feasible, because of the especial love I have for you, my dear brethren in the faith. I remain as ever, your faithful brother and minister of our Lord Jesus Christ. John Frederick Handschuh. Lancaster, August 8th, 1748. P. S.—It was not until Saturday afternoon that I received this information.” Accordingly “the first General Conference or Synod” was held on August 15, 1748. The protocol states that “To New York across the Susquehanna, where Mr. Schaum is stationed, Mr. Handschuh had written, but on account of the shortness of the time, and the length of the way, no one was here.’ In this note ‘““New York,” of course, means “‘Little York.” In the weak condition of our congregations in this new land, Satan saw to it that the kingdom of God should not move on smoothly. The country was overrun by free lances in religion, preaching adventurers, who to get the wool often made sad havoc of the sheep. ‘They were the apostles of disorder and lawlessness, accountable to nobody but themselves, and always preying upon other men’s folds. From the beginning these vagabonds operated in our district. This fact is revealed in the accounts we have of the second meeting of the Ministerium, in 1749, in Lancaster. Of its transactions we have no secretarial record. So we must depend upon Muhlenberg’s report to the Halle fathers and upon Pastor Handschuh’s diary. The Lancaster meeting was attended by “Pastor Schaum and his church council from Yorktown.’ Mr. Muhlenberg’s account runs thus: “The congregation at Yorktown, in Pennsylvania, where Mr. THe First SYNOD 45 Schaum had been stationed up to this time, earnestly requested us to ordain their preacher, because Valentine Kraft and his fol- lowers Were intimating there that Mr. Schaum’s official acts were not valid. Since we already had provisional permission from our most worthy Fathers, we appointed the fourth of June for the ordination, and the fifth for the General Conference in the city of Lancaster.”’ Mr. Handschuh’s diary says: “About five o’clock (June 3), we preachers entered upon an examination of our former helper, Mr. Schaum, which we con- ducted in turn, amid many useful reminiscences. After it was finished, we had the elders, deacons, and other members of the congregation at York on the Codorus, who were present, come before us, and talked with them about Mr. Schaum’s call and ordination.” These preachers were Muhlenberg, Brunnholtz, Handschuh, and Kurtz, who signed the call extended to Mr. Schaum on the spot, and the next day ordained him. (Doc. His. pp., 24, 25). In the “revers,’”’ or agreement, signed by the Yorktown dele- gation they acknowledge these four ministers as ‘‘their rightful teachers”? and Rev. Schaum promises to be their ‘‘assistant,’’ and thus is he styled in the record of the next meeting in the following year, without, however, thereby apparently indicating any sub- ordinate position. However, the congregation to such an extent recognized the authority of the Ministerium as to consult it even in its internal affairs. For the account of the convention of 1750 contains this item: ‘‘At York, Schoolmaster Moul, on account of his age, desires to be relieved from further service; but he and his congregation received from us ministers a certificate authorizing himecotconmnue. .6(10c. 113s... pro.) In 1752 Rev. Schaum was ordered to preach at Fredericks- town, Md., as often as possible. ) The Minutes of 1762, ten years later, have in parenthesis the following item: ‘‘“After dinner some rested awhile, others went together into his (Provost Wrangel’s) garden, others shut themselves in a room to discuss in quiet all manner of congregational and ministerial matters, especially concerning Yorktown.” (Doc. His., p. 66). The reason for this colloquium was the fact that Yorktown and its filials had just become vacant by the resignation of Rev. Lucas Raus, who had taken charge in 1758, to succeed Rev. Schaum, who had left in 1755. It is at this time that we begin to find notices of such ancient seats of religious worship as Wolf’s, Kreutz Creek, Carlisle, Shuster’s, St. John’s (near Littlestown), Stone Church (Glenville) and Quickel’s churches. We have al- ready heard of Lower Bermudian, where there then was not only a Lutheran congregation, but also an offshoot of the Ephrata 46 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD community of Seventh Day Dunkards. But our affairs were in great turmoil and confusion. (Sachse). Rev. Schaum came to Yorktown as the first resident Luth- eran pastor of that town. Rev. Candler, for some reason, had resided in Hanover. After his death a vacancy, lasting five years, occurred. This gave the wolves a fine opportunity to worry the flocks, which they did in high dudgeon. Nyberg the crypto- Moravian always was on hand to proselytize. ‘The nomadic free- lance preachers sowed the seeds of prejudice against the Minis- terium. The disturbances were so serious and the defections so many and influential, that if it had not been for the good work of the aforementioned teacher, Bartholomaus Maul, who regularly read sermons to the congregation and faithfully instructed the children in the catechism, the entire cause in York might have been lost. Mr. Schaum, who had inherited these deeply-rooted evils and not being able to overcome them, partly on account of being incapacitated by a broken leg, and suffering several sore bereavements besides, finally was driven away. One of the illustrative incidents of those troublous times is related by Dr. B. M. Schmucker in his history of the Lutheran Church in York. It is concerning a Redemptioner, by the name of John Samuel Schwerdfeger, a wayfaring student of theology. “After wandering about for a time he fell into the hands of emigrant agents and was shipped from Holland to Baltimore, where, being unable to pay for his passage, his time would have been sold, when the opponents of pastor Schaum bought his freedom and brought him to York. They succeeded in securing his ordination by some minister, of whom Mr. Muhlenberg says they called themselves the orthodox Lutherans, and denounced the United Ministers as Hallenser and unorthodox. Mr. Schwerd- feger thereafter ministered to the separated faction and had charge of several congregations in the country, which had not been connected with the synod”. (pp. 23, 24). Under these conditions party spirit burned hotly. Several men, one Hochheimer and one Kirchner, preached awhile, but for three years more everything that was done only seemed to bring new fagots to the raging fire, which satan had succeeded in raising as a destructive conflagration in the frail church in the wilderness. In 1758 the two factions at Yorktown united in calling Rev. Lucas Raus from Goschenhoppen in eastern Pennsylvania. Being at this time alienated from the United Lutheran pastors and especially from Muhlenberg, he neither informed them of his de- parture from his old charge, over which they had placed him, nor of his acceptance of a new one. In this independent relation he labored in Yorktown and several rural congregations for five years with great success. In 1762 the log church was razed and a large stone building erected in its place. In 1761, Mr. Raus after a long absence, attended the Ministerium at Lancaster and made Tue First SyNop 47 serious charges against Mr. Muhlenberg with reference to doctrine and conduct, which were not sustained by a Swedish arbitration committee. Inpartial history has long decided that the great Patriarch was strictly orthodox in Lutheran doctrine. As to conduct, the chief complaint of Mr. Raus simmered down to a suspicion that the United Ministers, receiving large sums of money from Germany, divided it among themselves without giving him any of it. This charge also had no foundation whatever. The outcome of conditions was that Mr. Raus was asked to resign. He spent the remainder of his career in York County in the practice of medicine and preaching. He seems to have founded several union congregations in the rural districts, most assuredly that of St. Lukes, in Chanceford, and perhaps also of Rossville, in Warrington, Canadochly, near the River, and Zion’s in Newberry, Freysville and Bleimeier’s, and Strayer’s. At least, he often preached at these places as well as at the older congregations at Bermudian and Dover and Shuster’s between 1763 and the year of his death in 1789. In 1762 he baptized children in Carlisle. From 1770 to 1787 he was pastor of Shuster’s congregation. At Hanover he did not preach, the pastor there being Rev. John George Bager, who however during the previous vacancy at York sometimes supplied its pulpit. This was during his first residence in our territory. Later, having gone to New York in 17638, and returning in 1767, and taking charge at York- town, he then supphed Hanover from the latter place, but fi- nally moved to Hanover again, where, after serving congregations as far removed as Baltimore and Franklin County, and founding Upper Bermudian, he died. Mr. Bager was the last minister who preached at both the important points. At this stage the congregation on the Codorus and the congregation on the Conewago ceased to be filials. But previously there preached at Hanover several men who were not pastors, yet occasional or temporary disturbers, at York. Ny- berg has already been mentioned. Besides him were such rene- gades as Carl Rudolph and Valentine Kraft. Just before Mr. Raus came on the scene there were in York two men of whom it is not known that they preached at Hanover. One was George L. Hochheimer. The other was John Casper Kirchner, who preached at Shuster’s from 1763 to 1767 and probably organized that congregation; also at Stone Church and Stelze’s. In Muhlenberg’s account, in his diary, of the Ministerium of 1763 occurs this item: “A messenger (Nicolaus Budinger) arrived from the congre- gations in and about Conewago across the Susquehanna, with letters to the Ministerium, in which request was made for a preacher. But if they could not at present be supplied with one they asked for a certain catechist, C. W., who formerly had held school among them, and had already conducted worship in Win- 48 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD chester, in Virginia, from which place he had come to them on account of Indian disturbances.” (Doc. His. p. 74). After a long debate this request was granted. The initials C. W. must be an error, as the item refers to Rev. John Frederick Wildbahn, who was pastor of Hanover and nine other congrega- tions until 1782. Dr. J. C. Koller says he organized Sherman’s congregation, near Hanover, and St. John’s, near Littlestown. Another long debate took place at the same meeting over a request also handed in by Mr. Biedinger from the congregations in Manchester and Paradise Township, beyond Yorktown. On page 71 these places are said to be in Pennsylvania, and on page 79 that they all are “filials of Yorktown”. But Manchester was in Maryland. The Paradise Township congregation was Holz- schwam. They asked to be taken under the supervision of the Ministeritum, that aid should be given them, and that they might retain an exemplary teacher by the name of Schwarbach as cate- chist. The request was granted. He seems to have served from 1763 to 1766. (Doc. His. p. 84). The case of Rev. Wildbahn, who, according to the account of the Ministerium, went to Hanover in 1763, came up again in 1768. Muhlenberg devotes nearly five pages (92-95) to the sub- ject. It is interesting historical reading, but too long to quote here. Five or six small congregations along the borders of the frontiers of Pennsylvania and Maryland had asked for his ordi- nation. At the same time several people opposed him. He had come to America with the English army, had first taught in one of the English charity schools beyond the Susquehanna and then, in German parochial schools. The united ministers at first were not inclined to license him, but considering the crying needs of the people, and the fact that other men in the vicinity were per- forming ministerial acts, they finally agreed that Rev. Wildbahn should be authorized to continue his work. Mr. Wildbahn’s case was aggravated by the fact that he had been placed under the care of the pastor at York, who at this time was a Swede by the name of Hornell, who had to be asked to demit the ministry, because of a shameful crime he had committed in the old country years before. Even in those days of slow and crude communication between continents, a man’s former rep- utation finally followed him wherever he went. The ocean was not wide enough to hide a villainous deed in the wilds of America. The result was sad for the congregation and hurtful to the cause . of the Kingdom of God. Hence Muhlenberg remarks concerning Mr. Wildbahn’s ministry, “The communion. however, was to be administered at stated times by the ordained preacher at York- town. But, alas! it was not long before the verdict concerning the Swedish-German preacher was reported by the Honorable Consistorium in Sweden, and he was excluded from our Minister- ium, and the catechist again was left alone.” (Doc. His. p. 93). Tue First SyNoD 49 But at the meeting of 1769 his five or six congregations pre- sented such favorable testimonials to his doctrine and life that he was unanimously received into the Ministerium. (Doc. His. p. 118). At the same meeting the Yorktown congregation was repre- sented by a most honorable school-teacher and lay-reader by the name of Philip Deutsch who brought a letter from the church council pleading that the Rev. John Nicholas Kurtz should be sent to them. But that experienced and able man was the beloved and successful pastor of the Tulpehocken congregations and those people were very much disinclined to give him up. The conse- quence was a long and earnest debate, in which every man in the body took part. Mr. Kurtz submitted himself entirely to the authority of the Ministerium and agreed to abide by its judg- ment. Finally the decision was reached that on account of the unsettled condition at York his services there were more neces- sary than in the well-ordered and peacable congregations in Tul- pehocken. (Doce. His. pp. 111, 118). Thus this strong minister, the first one ordained by the Min- isterium, at its first convention in 1748, began his successful and notable service in York and vicinity, where he labored nineteen years. His itineraries extended as far as Conococheague in Mary- land, which in the year 1770 was separated from McCallisterville (Hanover), where Mr. Wildbahn still was pastor, while Rev. Bager resided in the Conewago district and served old congrega- tions in What now is Adams County. Rev. Kurtz divided the re- mainder of York County Lutheranism with Rev. Raus. In 1771 Rev. Kurtz (Doc. His. pp. 126, 129, 130) became President of the Ministerium. Although on account of the disturbed condition of the country there was no session of the Ministerium held in 1775, in 1776, notwithstanding war between Great Britain and her colonies was in progress, the convention was held in York. There was, however, a small attendance. Only one of its acts is recorded, but that was a very important one. It was the ordination of Rev. Jacob Goering, the first Lutheran Minister born on our territory. This remarkable young man first saw the light among the river-hills in Chanceford Township, York County, in 1755 and, after a two years’ course under the tutorship of Rev. Helmuth, at Lancaster, while preaching in various places in that vicinity, now at the age of twenty-one years started upon a notable ministerial career. Several historians claim that Rev. Goering was the first pastor at Carlisle. This is a mistake. But he may have been the first who served at Shippensburg, where a fort was built in Eipo. In 1779, it was decided that the year following the Minister- ium should meet in Yorktown, but for unknown “weighty reasons’”’ this could not be done. In the minutes of 1781 there is the record of action which 50 History oF WEST PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD seems to indicate that Rev. Goering either had not at that time yet begun his ministry at Carlisle and Shippensburg, or that he could not give them adequate service. In that year these two congregations, in addition to Chambersburg (first mentioned here) were reported by Rev. J. G. Young, of Hagerstown, in these words; “Rev. Mr. Jung explained the need of these congregations, and reported that they would be well able to keep a pastor of their own’’. It was therefore “Resolved, that the neighboring preachers be requested to visit these congregations as often as possible and administer the sacraments, and the congregations be exhorted to keep a Reader, who shall be able to attend to the instruction of children, to lead the singing, ete.” (Dis. His. pp. tipo, A AeN Inasmuch as Rev. Goering himself was present when this action was passed, he must only afterwards have become regular pastor of the first mentioned congregations. He immediately moved to Dover. His first charge consisted of Strayer’s, Holz- schwam, Lower and Upper Bermudian, Carlisle and Shippens- burg (then called Lower Settlement). At least, in 1783 he va- cated Strayer’s, Holzschwam, Upper and Lower Bermudian, Car- lisle and Shippensburg. The Patriarch Muhlenberg understood that Rev. Goering was preaching at “six or seven’’ places. In that case “as a neighboring pastor’? Chambersburg, where he sup- plied, may have been the seventh. In 1781 Rev. J. N. Kurtz resigned the Presidency of the Mninisterium. In 1782, Rev. C. F. Wildbahn’s old congregations around Hanover asked for a new preacher, whom they offered 75 pounds and a parsonage. Thus fifty years after Missionary Stoever first set foot upon our present territory, the following congregations existed: Kreutz Creek, Canadochly, Christ, Wolf’s, Quickel’s, Bleimeier’s, Freys- ville, Stahle’s, Shuster’s, Fissel’s, Strayer’s, Holzschwam, Glenville, Sattler’s, Hanover, Sherman’s, St. John’s, Lower Bermudian, Up- per Bermudian, Carlisle, Shippensburg, Chambersburg. Up to this point in this history the records mostly refer to the confines of York and Adams Counties. From now on the planting of our Church in the bounds of Cumberland and Frank- lin Counties receive due consideration. CHAPTER IV FORETOKENS OF TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS In the year 1800 Adams County was formed from the western part of York County, and the Ministerium, according to the rule adopted in 1797, to meet every three years in this territory, met that year in Hanover, which still retained the old name of Mc- Allister. Of the absent ordained ministers, who were excused, Rev. Jacob Goering, of York, was sick. ‘‘Marck’s” congregation asked for a preacher and received permission to employ Rev. John Grob from Paradise Townshin, where he must have been a licentiate teacher. Mr. Conrad Rieman, residing near York, made application for license. The Abbottstown case, which had been postponed the year before, was called up for settlement. It was decided: | “1, That it is very wrong and unchristian arbitrarily to close the church to any preacher of the Gospel, and therefore the conduct against Rev. Schroeter, in Abbottstown, is disapproved; 2. But, since, as it seems, the congregations can not be united unless they hold another free election for a preacher, such free election for any preacher in the Minister1um is recommended to the regular congregations, without injury to the union which has existed for years between the Conewago congregation (Hanover) and Abbottstown.” At this Hanover meeting Rev. John George Schmucker was ordained. (Doc. Hist. pp. 308-12). By the year 1801 the Ministerium had spread westward so far, and was covering such a vast territory, and its preachers on this side of “the River’? were so numerous, that henceforth we will confine this history mostly to the affairs and men who were more intimately related to our present bounds. Westmoreland County, Pa; Shenandoah County, Va; Hun- tingdon, Pa., Emmittsburg, Md; Martinsburg and Shepherds- town, W. Va; Selinsgrove, Pa; and North Carolina—these are some of the points that are mentioned in the minutes of that year. We have seen on previous pages that places still further west had been reported and provision made for them at former meet- ings. In 1801, the councils both of Chambersburg and of Ship- pensburg announced that they had to dismiss Rev. F. W. Jacinsky, “because they could no longer collect the salary promised him.”’ The Shippensburg council adds “‘that the separation from Sherer’s and Fallen Spring congregations is the reason for Mr. Jacinsky’s dismissal”. The Synod advised that Chambersburg, Shippens- burg and Sherer’s congregations “unite and remain united”. The ol 52 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVAINA SYNOD reason Why Falling Springs is left out of the new adjustment is not stated. But as it had been committed to Rev. John Roth- rauff in 1799, he, as well as Mr. Jacinsky, was informed of this arrangement. (Doc. Hist. pp. 306, 317). : In 1802 there was trouble again at Shuster’s and Sattler’s churches. It was committed to Rev. John Grob for arbitration. At the same time he was recommended to Frederick (rural con- eregations, We suppose, because Rev. Geo. Schmucker was pastor in the town), but Frederick demurred and called Rev. Jacinsky. Candidate Frederick Moeller was asked to preach trial sermons at Chambersburg and Shippensburg. (Doc. Hist. pp. 325, 327). In 1802 the lamentable and puzzling case of Rev. Daniel Schroeter again bobbed up at the meeting of the Munisterium at Reading. The Conference of the York District had in- vestigated the renewed charges against him. A number of private accusers were cited against him. On the contrary ‘‘the testi- monials from four congregations of Mr. Schroeter in defense of his innocence were read. There were, however, several papers with names attached, which seem strange to the Ministertum; but an explanation was made by Mr. Schroeter, which, however, was not satisfactory to the Ministerium’’. After a defense of the accused pastor was read, both he and his accusers were asked to withdraw while the case was being considered. The result was that Mr. Schroeter was for the second time suspended from the ministry. But the severe sentence was tem- pered with mercy: “Resolved,—That the Ministerium regards Mr. D. Schroeter unworthy of being a member of the Ministerium until fruits meet for repentance be shown, in which case the Ministerium will not hesitate to receive him again with open arms.” (Doc. Hist. pp. 327-8). In 1803 Manheim, York Co., was vacant and any minister desiring the pastorate was to inform the President privately. The Jerusalem congregation sent a letter to Synod, but its subject matter is not stated. Carlisle, being again vacant, desired Rev. Frederick Sanno. The congregation in Dover Township requested either to be united with York or with neighboring congregations, in case they would again be supplied ‘‘with a pious and able teacher.”’ A man charged Rev. F. V. Melsheimer with marrying his son ‘‘to a woman already married.’’ A committee on the case Was appointed, its report was discussed, but no decision is re- corded. “A congregation in York Township,’’ (likely Bleimeier’s) as well also Upper Bermudian and Stelze’s made written request for Rev. Conrad Rieman, who was received as a catechist and placed under the supervision of Rev. Melsheimer, of Hanover. Rev. John Grob from York Co. was ordained. (Doc. Hist. pp. 881-389). FORETOKENS OF TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS 53 In 1804 very little of importance in our territory is recorded, though its interests reached to Ohio. Rev. Conrad Rieman, in answer to petitions from his people, was licensed. A request from Paradise Township (Holzschwam) for Rev. John Herbst was granted. The ordination papers of Rev. John Carl Rebenack, from Bender’s church, Adams Co., were approved and he was accepted “as a friend, like others in previous years, without being a full member, and that congregation united with us have full permission to accept him as pastor.”’ (Doc. Hist. pp. 343-7). The year 1805 did not witness many noted events in our region beyond the fact that Rev. John Herbst, pastor of Fissel’s, Holzschwam, ete., was ordained and Mr. John F. Melsheimer, son of Rev. F. Valentine Melsheimer, of Hanover, was received as a catechist, and that some money was collected for ministerial edu- Catone V0Calist pppoe, SOL). In 1806 Frieden’s, Bender’s, Zion’s and Arndt’s churches, in Adams Co., requested that Rev. Fred. Sanno, of Carlisle, should serve them, but Synod did not agree, and these congregations were assigned to the care of neighboring preachers. A statement was sent to Synod from St. John’s congregation, in Adams Co., which strikes a happier note than had been heard for years in the halls of Synod concerning a much-cited man, but it is accompanied by a complaint against another man. The statement is, ‘“That Mr. Daniel Schroeter has served the congre- gations since 1782, in peace and with blessing, and that he still serves the congregation.” The complaint says, ‘‘That division had arisen, because Rev. Mr. Grob (of Taneytown), without the knowledge and consent of Mr. Schroeter, had visited them and preached a sermon on Ascension Day (though Mr. Schroeter had previously announced services for that day) and then again announced services. The elders and various members of the congregation petition that they may be permitted in the future to hold their services in peace, unity, and undisturbed quiet.” The Synod decreed “that Mr. Grob be advised to abstain from all interference with the said congregation.’ (Doc. Hvist. pp. 368-9). In that year Mr. John F. Melsheimer was licensed. At the meeting of Synod, in 1807, Rev. Jacob Goering was elected President. He was the second minister west of the Sus- quehanna to hold the office. Alas, he also died during his in- cumbency in that same year. (Doc. Hist. p. 375). A Mr. John Koller in a letter to Synod made complaint against Rev. John Herbst, of York County, but the matter was adjusted. ‘The committee believes the accused will by the grace of God be careful to live ever more guardedly and blamelessly as a Christian and a pastor, so that all his efforts in word and life 54 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD may more and more attain to the extension of true Christianity.” (Doc. Hist. p. 381). For the last time we hear of Rev. Augustus Ritz, formerly from York County, who sends a request from Waldboro, Maine, for permission to perform actus ministeriales. A certificate of license was granted. (Doc. Hist. p. 383). During the year 1808 but few notable events took place in our region. A conference was held at Fissel’s church, no doubt, to settle old disputes, but its report was not acted on further than that it was received. St. John’s, in Adams County, requested the services of Rev. Conrad Rieman, of Abbottstown, but not only was this request denied, but that gentleman also was advised to stay away from the fields of other pastors. (Doc. Hist. pp. 391-4). In the year 1809 Ministerium again met in Hanover. Rev. John Stauch and Rev. Simon, two pioneer traveling home-mis- sionaries from the state of Ohio, were present. At this meeting it was decided that Rev. John Grob, of Taney- town, should continue as pastor of St. John’s, Adams County, thus ending an old dispute, this decision being received as binding by all parties. (Doc. Hist. p. 405). Inasmuch as the Synod made a special effort at this convention to induce all pastors to hand in parochial reports, it will be in- teresting to note where each one was preaching and of which congregations the various charges then were composed. Rev. F. V. Melsheimer was pastor of four congregations— Hanover, “‘David’s church, Jacob’s church, and Kleindinst.”’ Rev. John Rothrauff was preaching at “Greencastle, Stras- burg, Mercersburg, McConnelstown, Falling Spring, Fisher’s, Jacob’s church, Appel’s church, Thomas Creek.”’ York, Quickel’s, Holzschwam, Wolfe’s, Kreutz Creek, and Canadochly were vacant. Rev. John Grob was preaching at “Taneytown, Emmittsburg, Silver Run, Catestown, Winters’, Mark’s and John’s church’’. Rev. John Herbst reported ‘‘Fissel’s, Shuster’s, Sadler’s, Zion’s, Jerusalem, and Krauter’s.”’ Rey. Frederic Sonno reported ‘Carlisle, Sherman’s Valley, Frieden’s church, Trentel’s church, and 7 vacant congregations’’. Rev. Conrad Rieman, of Abbottstown, reports eight congre- gations, without locating them. Rev. J. F. Melsheimer was preaching at ‘‘Bender’s and Arnd’s churches p(Doemiismpne cue. At the meeting of the Ministerium at Harrisburg, in 1810, Rev. J. G. Schmucker, of York was elected Secretary. “The Lisbon congregation,’ in Cumberland County, asked that Rey. David Kessler become their pastor. The request was granted. (Doc. His: p. 416). In 1811 Rev. F. V. Melsheimer, of Hanover, reeommended FORETOKENS OF TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS 8, Mr. Adam Rudisill as Catechist. He was authorized to become “fassistant to his teacher.” (Doc. His. p. 4384). In 1812, the Muinisterium met at Carlisle again. A. call given Mr. John Herbst, Jr., by ‘the congregations at Stahle’s, Bleymeier’s, Freyen, and Flinchbaugh’s, in York County,’ was ratified on condition that ‘‘he passes his examination.” (Doc. His. p. 489). At this same meeting Rev. J. F. Melsheimer, the pastor at Bender’s, Adams County, was ordained. In 18138, Rev. John Herbst, Jr., was given permission to serve “Jerusalem and Johannis Church,” in York County, in addition to his other congregations. | The same year a part of a congregation in Rye Township, Cumberland County, accepted as pastor a Mr. J. Preissler and asked that he be received into the Ministerium, but he was re- jected and the President was ordered to fraternally exhort him to abandon the ministry of the Word.” (Doc. His. pp. 454, 460.) In 1814, upon recommendation of Rev. F. V. Melsheimer, Rev. Adam Rudisill was appointed a traveling preacher in the State of Ohio, and Rev. Charles A. Morris was licensed. Rev. Rudisill remained in York County, serving congregations south of York; Rev. Morris served at Wrightsville and neighboring con- eregations a few vears, then demitted the ministry and became one of our most prominent laymen in York. (Doc. His. pp. 468-70). At the meeting of the Ministerium, in 1814, there took place an incident which was a foretoken that some day there would arise a movement to organize a synod on the west side of the Susquehanna. At the end of the synodical session, the usual vote to decide the time and place of the next year’s meeting was about to be taken. ‘‘But at this point several brethren from the west- side of the Susquehanna arose, and moved to recall the last year’s resolution of Synod, according to which the majority is always left free to decide upon any suitable place. They expressed the desire that the Synod might meet alternately every other time on their side. A motion to this éffect was made and carried.” (Doc. His p 469). Ever since 1800 there had been a standing rule that on every third year the Synod should be held on the west-side. But at the previous meeting, as here stated, this old rule had been rescinded and the choice of place was thereafter to be decided by the ma- jority. Inasmuch as the following year would be the regular time when according to the former rule, the meeting would auto- matically take place on the west side, but, according to the new rule might go elsewhere, the western brethren not only made sure of the next meeting, but also gained much more, namely, that the meetings should alternate yearly from one side of the River to the other. (Doc. His. p. 458). Consequently the next meeting was held at Frederick, Md. 56 History OF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD In that year, 1815, the death of Rev. F. V. Melsheimer, of Hanover, was announced. Rev. Frederic Osterloh was allowed to accept a eall to the German Creek congregation, in Cumberland County. Rev. Adam Rudisill, too ill to attend Synod, nevertheless was desired by “the congregation in Gettysburg and Mark’s’”’. Rev. John Rieman, the pastor at Abbottstown, was ordained. (Doc. His. pp. 478-838). In the year 1816, the congregation in Sherman’s Valley, Cum- berland County, was committed into the care of Rev. J. P. Hecht, OlG@alliclosmt OCs. )s ma oo). In the year 1817, the tercentenary celebration of the Refor- mation, the Synod, now numbering ninety members, met in York. A special program for the great historical occasion was carried out. The local German Reformed, Moravian, FEispicopal and Presbyterian congregations were invited to participate in the Jubilee. ‘‘A request from congregations in Fairview and Newberry that they be permitted to receive Rev. Frederic Osterloh as their preacher” was granted. His residence was at Mechanicsburg. (Doc. His. pp. 501-6). He was ordained in 1819. (D. H. p. 540). Synod met that year in Baltimore, and Rev. J. G. Schmucker, of York, was elected president. The Minutes record that ‘A very beautiful letter from Mr. C. A. Morris, in which he announces that for important reasons he has laid down his office” was submitted and read to the Synod. The President was asked to answer it. (Doc. His. p. 531). In a letter, signed by Rev. John Herbst, Jr., who now was at Gettysburg, “seven congregations in York County,” ask for a preacher, and promise him ample support. It was resolved that four of these seven—Kreutz Creek, Canadochly, Stahle’s, and Treysville—accept Rev. George Graber, and that the remaining three should call some other minister. Several congregations, in the vicinity of Newville, in Cum- berland County, requested a preacher with promise of adequate support. ‘Doc. His! p: 583). The congregation at Abbottstown, being vacant, earnestly pleaded for the services of Rev. J. F. Melsheimer, who had suc- ceeded his father at Hanover. Consent of Synod was given. (D0GeH ise 504)5 Permission was given to Rev. Henry Stecher, on his way home to Macunsy, to preach in the congregation in York County, which Mr. Herbst resigned and, if called, to accept them. (Doc. His. p. 540). By 1820, for some reason Freysville and Stahle’s again were vacant and Rev. Stecher was asked to serve them “provided they furnish him regular support.” (Doc. His. pp. 550-557). In that year a petition from East Berlin, Adams County, and “Warrington” congregation in York County, near Rossville, FORETOKENS OF TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS iF asked that Mr. John Speck, “‘student of theology”? should become their preacher. ‘‘Provided he pass the examination,” the request was granted. (Doc. His. p. 558). The following item in the Minutes of Synod was prophetic: “As to the request of certain preachers to organize a Synod on the west-side of the Susquehanna, it was now resolved that this Synod will make no objection whatever if a new Synod be organized on the west side of the Susquehanna.’’ But this general concession was made more definite in 1821. In the protocol of the latter year occurs this item: “Resolved, That the expression ‘On the west side of the Sus- quehanna’ (page 12 of the printed copy) be cancelled as incorrect, and the words ‘In Maryland and Virginia’ be inserted.’ (Doc. Hasepp.ood 0/2): At the meeting of 1820 Mr. Samuel 8. Schmucker, “‘student of theology,’ preached an English sermon and was licensed. (Doc. His. pp. 556, 566). Rev. Frederick Hall, in 1820, became pastor of the ‘‘congre- gations of Strasburg and Scherer’s in Franklin County. (Doc. Hise p. 588). The meeting of the Ministerium in 1821 took place in Cham- bersburg. A petition from a congregation in York County for Mr. Ludolf H. Myer was answered by a resolution “That Mr. Myer be granted a license to perform the office of candidate in the con- eregations in York County which desire him.” A congregation in Latimore Township, Adams County, asked that Candidate John Speck be allowed to serve them. The pe- tition Was granted. A Mr. George Eyster applied as a candidate, but was not accepted, because of insufficient knowledge to enter the ministry. However, he was given fatherly advice to continue his studies. (Doc. His. pp. 576-588). In 1822, the rule in force since 1797 that the Ministerium must meet every third year on the west-side of the Susquehanna was repealed. (Ger. Min. p. 18). According to this old standing resolution, now rescinded, the body should have met on this side in 1824. Consequently, in 1823 both York and Carlisle, and also Selins Grove invited it to meet in their churches respectively. The question was put to vote and Carlisle was chosen as the place for the next convention. (Ger. Min. pp. 7, 19). OLED Meese Tes, AW Some More PRELIMINARY HISTORY Besides the definite formation of the first Conference on the west side of the River, which will receive consideration in the next chapter, other matters concerning this region received the attention of the Ministerium at its meeting in York in June 1783. The only ministers on hand at that meeting from our present territory were J. Nicholas Kurtz and Jacob Goering, from York, and George Bager and Daniel Schroeter, from Hanover. Rev. Goering had just transferred his residence from Dover to York, in order to become assistant to his father-in-law, Rev. Kurtz. Hence his former congregation, which he had served during the last seven years, being now vacant, sent a letter expressing their desire to have Rev. J. Frederick Ernest to become their pastor. These congregations were Upper Bermudian and Lower Bermud- ian, Dover, Paradise, Carlisle and Lower Settlement. ‘“They were referred to him, with the assurance that the Ministerium wished him great blessing, if it could be so arranged to the satisfaction of both parties. Rev. Mr. Ernest undertook to visit these congre- gations on his way home” (Doc. His. p. 189) Mr. Ernest lived in. Greenwich Co., New Jersey. Nothing ever came of his visit to this immense field and its attempt to secure him as its pastor. The beginning of trouble in union churches appeared at this. meeting. “Rev. Mr. Schroeter asked what he was to do in the case of several congregations, where the church-register and the collections: are held in common by Lutheran and Reformed. As the col- lections are used for the repair and preservation of the church- building, it was advised that for the sake of peace which is so necessary, he leave everything in statu quo.’ (Doc. His. p. 190). At the convention of 1784 only a few items concerned our territory. Complaint made by two elders from Silver Run against Rev. Daniel Schroeter and his defense, signed by some: others, occasioned the appointment of a special conference. Mr. John Daniel Kurtz, a son of Rev. J. Nicholas Kurtz, of York, was recommended for licensure. He had taken a private theological course under Dr. Henry Muhlenberg, Jr., at Lancas- ter. After a thorough examination in Hebrew, and Greek ex- egesis, he was asked to answer a series of theological questions in writing. His answers having been very satisfactory, the Min- isterlum decided to grant him ‘‘a license to administer the Word 08 SoME Morr PRELIMINARY HISTORY 59 and Sacraments in congregations to which the elder Pastor Kurtz might send him.” (Doc. His. pp. 194, 196). In this capacity he served in our bounds for two years, but in which congregations he preached is not now known. In 1786 he became pastor in Baltimore where he administered his office until 1832. (Luth. Cyclo. p. 268). At this convention “the Trustees of the new College at Car- lisle’ (Dickinson) by letter asked for assistance for that institu- tion. Revs. J. N. Kurtz, of York, Rev. Emanuel Schulze, of Tulpehocken, and Rev. Henry Muhlenberg, Jr., were appointed commissioners ‘‘to answer orally, promising our assistance and support through contributions and recommendations.’ (Doc. His. Valo). In 1785 the congregation at New Holland called Rev. Jacob Goering and the congregations of the New Hanover Charge (Trap- pe, in Montgomery) desired either Rev. J. Nicholas Kurtz or his assistant, Rev. Goering. But neither of these ministers would leave York. This year again complaints were lodged against Rev. Daniel Schroeter, but this time from Zion’s congregation, in Baltimore. The subject-matter is not mentioned, but the congregation was informed “that the Ministerium has told Mr. Schroeter its opinion in reference to the matter, and hopes that he will act in accord- ance with the counsel given, and that thereby peace and unity may be restored.” (Doc. Hts. p. 200). At this convention of 1785, ‘‘Mr. Nicholas Kurtz reports, in his letter, that he 1s much concerned about several congrega- tions beyond the Susquehanna, and suggests a young man, who could be used as a catechist.’”?> The matter was left in Mr. Kurtz’s hand to make such arrangements in the case as he saw fit. If this action refers to a particular young man, as seems likely, we do not know who he was. Nor could we more than guess the names of the congregations that were in such dire need of spiritual oversight. (Doc. His. p. 200). However, it may be that the person who was in mind was Mr. Frederic David Schaeffer, for the Minutes of 1786 say that “Several congregations in York Township desire a Mr. Schaeffer as their pastor.” This young man was at the time teaching in the parochial school in York and at the same time studying theol- ogy under Rev. Jacob Goering. (Luth. Cyclo. p. 423). Upon the proposal of his name Mr. Schaeffer was immediately given a written examination. He seems also to have been accepted as a licentiate for the very next year (1787) we read that ‘‘A letter from Menallen Township (now in Adams Co.) was read, requesting that Mr. Fried. Schafer be permitted to remain with them,” which request was granted. (Doc. His. p. 214). In 1786 a communication was sent to the Ministerium from the ‘congregation in Yorktown, in which it expresses its satis- 60 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD faction with its present preachers, Mr. Kurtz, Sr., and Mr. Goer- ing.” At the same time several complaints were lodged against Mr. Kurtz, Sr., “by a Reformed congregation in York County, which has an equal share in a church with a Lutheran congrega- tion.” Rev. Henry Muhlenberg and a Reformed preacher were appointed a committee to adjust the matter. (Doc. His. p. 210). At the meeting of 1787 Rev. George Baugher is reported as absent and styled pastor emeritus of the congregation at McAllister. In a letter signed by him and the church council, they ask for a new preacher. It was agreed that ‘The congregation shall be free to call any preacher of the Ministertum, and Mr. Schroeter (who has accepted a congregation formerly connected with Mac- Allister) will resign Abbetstown, if, and as soon as MacAllister and Abbetstown together can and will accept a preacher of their own out of the Ministerium.” (Doc. His. p. 214). It is worthy of note that in that year Mr. Schroeter reported 1085 communicants and Mr. Schaeffer 148, these being the only two from this district who handed in parochial reports. At the convention of 1788 two letters from Cumberland County petitioned for the ordination of Mr. Schaeffer, “and spoke well of his conduct among them to the present. Upon request a part of his diary was read, with which the members of the Ministerium expressed satisfaction.’”? It therefore was re- solved that he ‘‘be ordained by a committee in one of the congre- gations which he serves.”’ (Doc. His. pp. 221, 222). In 1789 a letter from Shippensburg asked the Ministerium for a preacher and suggested either Rev. F. V. Melsheimer or Licentiate A. U. Lutge as acceptable, “with a yearly salary of £80 (eighty pounds, or less than $400) from four congregations.” In the same year a remarkable request was brought by two delegates from East Pennsborough, Cumberland County, to the effect that Mr. F. W. Jacsinsky, a school teacher, should be or- dained, with a view to his becoming their pastor. Coupled with this request the delegates made charges orally against their pastor Rev. F. D. Schaeffer, “that he held prayer-meetings in the houses where he stayed over night, and thereby offended many.’ The reply of the Ministerium was unusually vigorous. The decision was: “T. That their written request in reference to Mr. Jacsinsky could not be granted, as he does not possess the necessary quali- fications required by a preacher. 2. In regard to Pastor Schaefer, both delegates were reproved in love and meekness, and it was shown that their complaints were insufficient and trifling, and that the Ministerium approves the manner in which Mr. Schaefer conducts his office.” (Doc. His. p. 226). In 1789 the troublesome case of Rev. J. D. Schroeter was brought forward again. Various complaints were made against him. A letter from Hanover (heretofore called MacAllister) and SoME Morr PRELIMINARY HISTORY 61 three others from Strasburg (Shrewsbury) Township, the Jeru- salem (Fishel’s), and Jacob’s Church in York County asked for a preacher, “‘but protested against Pastor Schroeter for reasons which they did not express beforehand, but were willing to de- clare, if required.” A committee of investigation, composed of Dr. J. H. Helmuth, Rev. C. E. Schultz, and Rev. William Kurtz, was appointed. In their written report they declared that ‘They had found him guilty of: 1. Drunkenness; 2. Lying; 3. A shameful hypocrisy; and 4. Sordid stinginess.’”?’ The public dis- cipline of the offending brother was a most impressive hour. The most profound feelings surged in every breast. After all the members had knelt in prayer, led by the President pro tem Rev. Henry Muhlenberg, Jr., ‘he earnestly addressed Mr. Schroeter, and solemnly exhorted him in the presence of God that he should not increase his offense by denying it, but by an honest confession should give glory to God. D; M. F. Pfahler A. Berg W. F. Eyster S. Henry S. Yingling M. Snyder G. S. Beckley C. A. Gelwicks dja lit (erxayir S. P. Sprecher 24. 25. 26. a7. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Al. 42. 43. 44, 45. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. D. M. Blackwelder D. Stock o at, 1Migrelke K. Miller S. Koons Breidenbaugh F. Stoever Baker J. Deininger H. Menges Conoway Dutt Klinefelter J. Q. McAtee Wm. Keckler M. G. Earhart A. M. Whetstone J. M. Rice G. Roths P. Willard S. Dasher Sa Ase Ko Erancis O bt 0 bi bt br Meat MISSIONARY ACTIVITY Q7 was particularly prominent. The first Board appointed by the General Synod at Washington, in 1869, was composed entirely of ministers and laymen of York, Pa., Revs. A. H. Lochman, D. D., W. M. Baum, D. D., A. W. Lilly, J. H. Menges, and Messrs. E. G. Symser and Daniel Kraber. The Secretary was Rev. Morris Officer, who had been appointed Superintendent of Home Missions by the Executive Committee of Home Missions in 1864, by in- structions of the General Synod. This Board was reappointed, with few changes, at seven successive conventions of the General Synod, and therefore the headquarters of this activity of the Church was located at York from 1869 until 1883. The work of Church Extension was directed by this same Board, with different officers, during these fourteen years. Upon the resignation of Rev. Morris Officer as General Sec- retary of the Board, Rev. J. W. Goodlin was elected his successor and entered upon his duties August 1, 1871. He immediately identified himself with the membership of the West Pennsylvania Synod and during the twelve years of his service as Secretary the Synod, through his membership, had this direct connection with the work of the Home Mission Board. When in 1881 the office of Western Secretary was created this Synod furnished one of its sons, to whom this service was entrusted, in the person of Rev. Samuel B. Barnitz, D. D. He was a native of York, Pa., and was licensed and ordained by the West Pennsylvania Synod. He continued to render effective ser- vice as Western Secretary for nearly twenty-one years, until the time of his death in 1902. Recognizing the valuable service of the Synod to the cause of Home Missions in the foundation work of these earlier years, and giving full and grateful credit to these men in their official capacities as Directors and Secretaries, the West Pennsylvania Synod has probably rendered most profitable service to this im- portant cause through the long and efficient direction of its activi- ties by Rev. A. Stewart Hartman, D. D. Beginning his con- nection with the work of Home Missions as a member of of the Board in 1883, he was appointed to the office of General Secretary in the year 1889. He continued in this position until 1916, when the Boards of Home Missions and Church Ex- tension were consolidated; from which time until the merger of the three general bodies into the United Lutheran Church in 1919, he occupied the office of Associate Secretary of the consolidated Boards. Since that year he has continued to serve the Church as Educational Secretary of Home Missions and Church [x- tension. The history of the Church in America can hardly show another record of such sustained fidelity and efficiency, extending over a period of almost half the century of our Synod’s life and covering exactly three-fourths of the work of the Home Mission Board since its organization in 1869. (See sketch on page 159.) 98 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD The first tabulated report of contributions by the Synod to the work of Home Missions is presented in the Minutes of 1832, where the total gifts of the churches to the ‘‘Missionary and Education Society’? amounted to $880.80. The blessing of God upon the Lutheran Church in its growth in numbers and ability, as well as in the enlarging opportunities and requirements in America, may be recognized in the latest statistical report, that of its Centennial year, showing total contributions for Home Missions and Church Extension, calculated from the United Luth- eran Church percentage of apportionment for these objects, amounting to $19,233.23. CuHuRCcH EXTENSION The first definite recognition of the specific need to be sup- plied by what is known as Church Extension was the action taken by the General Synod at its meeting at Winchester, Va., in May, 1853. Following the recommendation of a conference of ministers and lavmen at Frederick, Md., a few days prior, and in response also to the feeling of the Home Missionary Society in Baltimore that such an auxiliary was needed to give strength and permanency to the missions of the Church, a Church Extension Society was formally organized by the adoption of constitution and by-laws. At the meeting of the West Pennsylvania Synod, a few months later, the following resolutions adopted express the ap- proval and determination to co-operate: “Whereas, the attention of the Lutheran church, in common with that of other Protestant denominations, has, during the past year, been specially directed to the importance of increased efforts for the establishment and enlargement of christian churches, particularly in the great Mississippi Valley, as a means under God, not only for the propagation of the gospel, but also as an indis- pensable safeguard for the perpetuity of our free civil institutions: and whereas, a Society has been organized, under the auspices of the General Synod of our church, for the purpose of raising $50,000, ‘to assist poor and destitute Lutheran congregations in obtaining houses of public worship,’ Therefore, “Resolved 1, That this Synod cordially approves ane design and or ganization of said Society, as conducive alike to the extension of our ‘church, and of the kingdom of the Redeemer in general. “Resolved 2, That it be considered the duty of each pastor in our connection, to take a collection in his congregation in behalf of this object, to be forwarded to the Treasurer of the Parent Society. | “Resolved 3, That it be recommended to each pastor connected with this Synod, to preach on the subject of the glorious Refor- mation of the sixteenth century, on the coming 31st of October, or some convenient Lord’s Day near it; and that the collection MIssIonaRy ACTIVITY 99 or subscription for the Church Extension Fund be taken on that occasion.”’ The new organization, however, struggled for strength. Not- withstanding its recognized importance, needed financial support was slow in coming. The Rev. John Ulrich, President, in his report the following year earnestly urged its vital value for the future prosperity of the church and pleaded that the project “ought not to be abandoned.” With practical consideration he recommended that the Synod should obligate itself to raise a certain amount within a given time apportioning said amount among the churches ‘‘according to the strength and wealth of the respective charges.’”’? In consequence of this recommendation a special committee Was appointed, ‘‘to take into consideration the recommendations of the General Synod on this subject, and devise a definite plan of operations.”’ This special committee, after a preamble strongly commend- ing the importance of the work, presented the following resolutions, which were adopted by the Synod: “1. Resolved, That this Synod reiterate its cordial approval of the design and organization of the Church Extension Society, and commend it anew to the increased praverful attention of both the ministers and laymen connected with our Synod. “2. Resolved, That this Synod will raise the amount of $7,000 as its quota of the fund of $50,000; and that it be the duty of every pastor in our bounds (who has not already made an adequate effort) to take up subscriptions in each of his congregations for this object. 3. Resolved, That this Synod appoint a responsible layman within our bounds, as treasurer of the church extension fund, and that all monies collected within our bounds be transmitted to him, subject to the order of this Synod, with the understanding that these monies in the hands of our Treasurer, be retained, until so much of the whole sum of $50,000 be secured, as in the judgment of this Synod, will justify a confident hope of the success of the enterprize. “A, Resolved, That the treasurer of this fund invest it, if possible, as fast as it may be raised.” Mr. Philip Smyser, of York, was appointed as Treasurer; and in further practical effort to secure the needed funds, an ap- portionment committee was appointed that recommended the amount of $7,000 as the Synod’s quota, which it divided among the various charges in sums ranging from $50 to $300. That the work was undertaken in real earnest is shown by the fact that a roll call of the various charges at the next year’s meeting of the Synod found the effort in a large portion of the charges either completed or in process of successful execution. And that the other Synods also were successfully co-operating is indicated by the authorization given to the Treasurer of the 100 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Church Extension fund of this Synod “‘to transmit all monies for church extension, that have been, or will be paid over to him from time to time, as soon as practicable, to Mr. Heyl, general treasurer of the society.”” (See Resolution No. 3 above.) The parochial reports, however, for the following years do not show very generous contributions in the Church Extension column of benevolences, and this work in the General Synod was greatly limited for a number of years. During the first sixteen years of its history the Church Extension work received just about one fourth of the $50,000 proposed when the society was organized. When the Board of Home Missions was constituted by the General Synod in 1869, the Church Extension Society was dis- solved and its “records, papers, assets and interests’? were turned over to that Board. During the fourteen years next following, our West Pennsylvania Synod had the same connection with this general work of the church as with that of Home Missions described before. When the Board of Home Missions was transferred to Balti- more, in 1883, the headquarters of the Church Extension Board remained in York, with a separate membership to manage its now erowing responsibilities, and from this point of our Synodical territory its influence has radiated in all directions throughout the field of the General Synod. By the consolidation again of these two Boards in 1919, and the removal of the headquarters to Chi- cago in 1923, the local association of our Synod with this work was ended. FoREIGN MIssions Appended to the printed Minutes of the West Pennsylvania Synod of 1835 are the ‘““Minutes of a Missionary Convention of Lutheran Ministers, held in Mechanicsburg, Cumberland County, Pa., October 3, 1835.’’ Thus our Synod had a special relation to the earliest definite step that was taken by our General Synod Church toward the extension of the gospel into foreign lands. At its meetings in 1833 and 1835 the General Synod had given earnest consideration to the subject of missions, and growing out of these considerations the convention at Mechanicsburg was called. While ministers and laymen from other Synods were present, those from the West Pennsylvania Synod formed the largest part of the membership because the convention immediate- ly followed that meeting in the same place. At the organization meeting on October 3, the temporary officers were Revs. Heyer and F. Ruthrauff, of this Synod, and the chairman of the com- mittee appointed ‘‘to draw up and report a Constitution for a Missionary Society, on Monday, at 1 o’clock, October 5,” was Prof. S. S. Sechmucker, D. D., of this Synod. Of the permanent officers elected on the following Monday, all but one were members MiussIonaRy ACTIVITY 101 of West Pennsylvania; and likewise, all but one of the members of the Executive Committee elected by the Directors after the Convention were members of this Synod. Throughout all its later history our Synod has maintained a deep interest in the cause of foreign missions, and an intimate connection with the work through furnishing from its membership missionaries for the field and officials for its administration. The first American Lutheran foreign missionary was the Rev. J. C. F. Heyer. In the spring of 1840 the Executive Committee of the Central Missionary Society appointed him to go to India. It was not until October 14, 1841, that he set sail, and then under the direction of the Pennsylvania Synod, (which had maintained a separate missionary organization), because he could not agree to the proposed plan of the Executive Committee ‘‘to transact its business through the American Board, though it was to maintain as an institution its distinct Lutheran character.” Mr. Heyer was a member of the West Pennsylvania Synod; pastor of the First Church at Carlisle, 1828-1830, then as Sunday School missionary of the West Pennsylvania Synod he traveled many miles through the western counties of the state, organizing schools. At the meeting of the Synod at Indiana, Pa., October, 1831, he was elected President and served three successive terms. His name is found in the membership roll of this Synod up to the meeting of 1841, soon after which he set out for his mission field in India. As the pioneer American Lutheran missionary he be- longs to the whole church; and in a peculiar sense also to the present Alleghany Synod in whose territory much of his home missionary activity was expended and where the dust of his mortal remains lies buried at Friedens, near Somerset; but as the Alle- ghany Synod was not organized until September 9, 1842, it was from the membership of the original West Pennsylvania Synod that ‘Father Heyer’ entered upon his memorable foreign mis- slonary career. In the early history of the Muhlenberg Mission in Africa a sad incident is related in connection with the first missionary to go out from this Syned. At a special meeting of the Ministertum called for Wednesday, December 30, 1868, at York, 8S. P. Carnell, appointed missionary to Africa, was ordained to the gospel min- istry. The minutes of the Synod of September, 1870, contain this pathetic reference: “On the 4th of last May Rev. Simon P. Carnell died at the Muhlenberg Mission in Africa. * * * He was ordained by this Ministerium, in extra session at York, on the 30th of December, 1868, to the Gospel ministry and the work of foreign missions. In January following he sailed from New York in the bark Jasper, and reached his missionary post in due time on the coast of Africa. He labored, and preached, and suf- fered for his Master in that distant and lonely field nearly a year and a half. Away from his native home, away from sympathizing 102 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD friends and relatives, away from all those encouraging and blessed influences of ministerial society which constitutes such an essential element of comfort in the life of a weary, worn and over-burdened servant of Jesus Christ; away from all such soul-cheering sur- roundings, he toiled nobly on at his work, in faith and hope, until the Master bid him lay his armor down and come up for his crown of rejoicing.” In our India Mission our Synod has figured most largely; space will permit little more than the mere listing of the names of the men that have gone out from this territory to devote their strength and talents to the missionary labors of that far-off land. Mr. A. D. Rowe was known as ‘The Children’s Missionary,”’ from the fact of his successful appeal to the children of the church for their support of his foreign work. Beginning in St. James’ Sunday School, Gettysburg, with an offering of $72.0C, “‘with the promise of more,” he presented the cause with continued success throughout the church, and many of the Sunday Schools of today still carry his picture upon their walls a perpetual reminder of his effective appeals. He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1873, and ordained at a special meeting August 19, 1874, sailing soon after with his wife and young child for his distant field of labor in India. For six years he labored there, until on account of his wife’s health and for his own reinvigoration it seemed best for him to return in 1880. Returning again in the fall of 1881, with his family, he was permitted only a brief second term of service. While the Synod was in session in September, 1882, a cable message brought the sad announcement: ‘“‘Rowe, of India, is dead.”’ The distinguished foreign service of our Dr. L. B. Wolf, licensed and ordained by this Synod, who gave a quarter of a century of his active life to the field of India, and all of his later life to the home administration of the foreign mission work, at the time of this writing being Secretary-Treasurer of the Board, is well known. | Other sons of the Synod who rendered valuable service in the India field, with the years of their entrance upon the work, are: Rev. John Nichol, 1885, (see p. 468); Rev. Wm. P. Swartz, 1885; Rev. John Aberly, 1892, (ordained in India by Dr. L. B. Wolf in connection with other missionaries under the authorization of West Pennsylvania Synod); Rev. 8. C. Burger, 1898, (p. 185); Rev. J. Roy Strock, 1908, (p. 186.); Rev. Henry Spangler, 1910, (p. 472.); Rev. George Rupley, 1915; Rev. J. Russell Fink, 1920, (p. 189.;) Rev. Luther H. Gotwald, 1921, (p. 190); and Mr. Robert 8. Kauffman, a layman from the Greencastle Church, en- gaged in agricultural missionary work, 1920-1925. Rev. L. W. Slifer, licensed in 1919, son of Rev. Wm. G. Slifer of St. Thomas, is the latest son of the Synod to go to the India field. In the African mission field: Rev. David A. Day was a son MISSIONARY ACTIVITY 103 of West Pennsylvania Synod soil, born in Adams County, February 17, 1851; Rev. J. D. Curran, from St. James’ Lutheran Church of the Chanceford Charge, now President of the African Conference, where he has been laboring since 1911; (see p. 446); and James W. Miller, a layman of the First Lutheran Church, Chambersburg, who since 1921 has been rendering useful service as builder and industrial instructor at the mission, (see p. 321). At the meeting of the General Synod in 1869, at Washington, D. C., in response to the request from the Secretary of the Execu- tive Committee of the Foreign Mission Society, the Synod re- solved, ‘““That we accede to the proposal of the Foreign Missionary Society and take charge of the Foreign Missionary work and interests.”” From that time until the present the responsibility of administering this branch of the church’s work has been placed in the hands of the Foreign Mission Board. Our West Pennsyl- vania Synod has furnished most efficient and long time service in the office of General Secretary of the Board. In January, 1887, the Rev. George Scholl, D. D., became the first to serve in this capacity, and continued to direct the Foreign Mission interests of the General Synod until November, 1901. For two years fol- lowing he held the office of Corresponding Secretary, and his usefulness and fidelity were recognized by the Board when in 1903 he was made Secretary Emeritus. (See sketch of his life, Daelol): On June 5, 1908, the Rev. L. B. Wolf, D. D., was elected to the office of General Secretary, exceptionally equipped with an experience of twenty-five years of practical missionary service in India, whence he had just returned to America. In 1911 he was made Treasurer; and at the present time holds the official position of Secretary-Treasurer. (See biographical sketch on p. 172). Three of the churches of the Synod are supporting their own representatives on the foreign field: The First Lutheran Church of Chambersburg, Mr. James W. Miller, Liberia, Africa; Memorial Lutheran Church of Shippensburg, Rev. J. Roy Strock, D. D., India; and Zion Lutheran Church of York, Rev. J. R. Fink, India. In the missionary activity of the Synod much credit must be given to the women of the church. With devotion and persever- ance they have studied the needs of the field, both at home and abroad, and the history of their organization has a rightful place in the story of the Synod’s one hundred years of service. 104 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD THE WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETY By Mrs. W. J. Smyers “The Lord hath done great things for us, whereof we are glad.” When the West Pennsylvania Synod met in convention in 1879, a committee recommended the organizing of a Synodical Women’s Missionary Society. No action was taken. In 1880, the Synod took formal action on the matter and appointed officers. These officers never met to consult, and again no organization was effected. During the sessions of the con- vention in 1881 the subject was again taken up, and again the efforts would bave failed, had not Mrs. Kate B. Shaffer, then President of the Women’s Missionary Society of the General Synod. urged Mrs. Charles 8. Weiser, York, who was then Vice-President of the General Synod Society, to take up this Synodical work. As a result of Mrs. Weiser’s efforts, on September 27, 1882, in St. Matthew’s Lutheran Church, Hanover, Pa., a small company of Christian women met and organized the Women’s Home & Foreign Missionary Society of the West Pennsylvania Synod. The Society was organized with Mrs. Chas. 8. Weiser, York, Pres.; Miss Lucretia Suessoratt, Chambersburg, Vice-Pres.; Miss Mary Lilly, York, Rec. Sec.; Mrs. C. H. Croll, Gettysburg, Cor. Sec.; Miss Emily Young, Hanover, Treas. Miss Mary Lilly is the only surviving member of the Executive Committee. At the first convention of this Synodical Organization, 12 Missionary Societies were represented. The total membership of these societies was 710 active members, 18 honorary members and 10 life members. ‘The contributions for the year were $650.78. In 1884 the first Young Ladies’ Society was reported. This Society had 22 active and 5 honorary members, and reported $20.00 paid into the Synodical Society treasury. In 1884, the Children’s Mission Bands were reported. There were 5 societies with a membership of 130 members. They re- ported $110.50 paid into the Synodical Society treasury. After forty-two years of earnest, sincere efforts, we have 89 Women’s Societies, with a total membership of 4,413; 28 Young Women’s Societies with a total membership of 738; and 47 Light Brigades with a total membership of 2,880. A total membership of 8,031 Missionary workers in the Synod. We have 534 Life members and 128 “‘In Memoriam’ members. In these forty-two years, we have paid into the treasury of the Women’s Missionary Society of the Lutheran Church $255, 458.65. In 1888 we gave our Thank-offering as a separate gift. After that the Thank-offering was given with the regular offerings until 1895. Since 1895 our Thank-offering has been a special fund but is used in the General fund. Our offering for this period MISSIONARY ACTIVITY 105 Miss CARRIE MuSSELMAN, Miss Marcery D. H. Litty, Mrs. D. A. BUEHLER Mrs. W. J. SMySseER, Mrs. CuHAs. S. WEISER, Mrs. F. C. KARPER Mrs. H. D. BEcKER, Mrs. D. K. WUNDERLICH 106 History OF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD is $60,108.70. Our first Synodical Annuity Secretary was ap- pointed in 1914 and since that time 47 bonds, ranging from $100.00 to $2,000.00 have been sold. Eight presidents have serv- ed: Mrs. Chas. 8S. Weiser, York; Mrs. D. A. Buehler, Gettys- burg; Mrs. D. K. Wunderlich, Chambersburg; Mrs. F. C. Karper, Chambersburg; Miss Margery D. H. Lilly, Mechanics- burg; Miss Carrie Musselman, Gettysburg; Mrs. H. D. Becker, Hanover; Mrs. W. J. Symser, York. Freeport, Ul., was the first home mission station of the General Society, and was the first special work to which we contributed. We have since contributed to 30 home mission stations. In 1884, we began work in the Foreign field; first by support- ing native girls and later by paying into the building funds and by helping to pay the missionaries’ salaries. Africa was our first field for foreign work. At the convention in First Lutheran Church, Carlisle, Pa., in 1907, Dr. Anna Kugler presented, most vividly, the great need for a home for the converts in India. The $11,000.00 for which she asked, to build the home was pledged. By our prayers and our gifts, this obligation was met. We assumed Miss Jesse Brewer’s support in 1921. On February 11, 1924, Miss Brewer was called to greater service in Heaven. In 1915, the women of the Synod gave $150.00 for necessary furnishings in the Mangalamandarin as a tribute to Mrs. F. C. Karper. In 1919, Miss Sanford asked for $1,500.00 for an addition to our Home of Blessing. It was paid into the General treasury. In 1924, the request came from India that the West Pennsyl- vania Synodical Missionary Society be asked for $1,000.00 more to complete the enlargement of the Home of Blessing. By a bequest from Mrs. Lydia E. Herr, of York, Pa., it was possible to send the $1,000.00 at once and the addition is to be called the ‘‘Lydia E. Herr Annex’’. In 1916, we gave $4,000.00 to the E. V. Day Memorial School in Africa. In 1924, the Phoebe Hospital in Africa was enlarged and $3,000.00 of the Lydia E. Herr bequest was sent for the enlarge- ment of the laboratory and this will be named the ‘‘Herr Labora- tory.”’ $3,000.00 of Mrs. Herr’s bequest was also given to the Japan Girls’ School Fund. Some suitable memorial to Mrs. Herr in the Girls’ School will be named later. Our Synodical contribution to the Japan Girls’ School fund is $8,839.00. We are happy for the progress made, but our success in the past is but a challenge to do greater things for the Master. CHAPTER XI EDUCATION The Lutheran church has always been interested in the mat- ter of education, and has felt the responsibility of furnishing opportunities for the training of her people. From the very beginnings of the Protestant Reformation we have inherited the desire and cultivated the effort to make our laity an intelligent people and to provide our pulpits with an educated ministry. The founders of Protestant Christianity were themselves university- trained scholars, and themselves also teachers. Catechisation of the young has been an important feature of the hfe of our church; notwithstanding the general introduction of the public school system many of our congregations in America have conducted parochial schools, and in some branches of the Lutheran church such schools are continued even today. Before the establishment of theological seminaries the training of a native American ministry was dependent upon the private instruction that could be given by several well equipped pastors who sought thus to supply the need. Among these may be men- tioned Drs. Helmuth and Schmidt in Philadelphia, H. E. Muhlen- berg and Christian Endress in Lancaster, George Lochman in Harrisburg, and David F. Schaffer in Frederick. West of the Susquehanna in Pennsylvania, Rev. Jacob Goering rendered large service in private theological instruction while pastor of Christ Lutheran Church of York; and his successor, Dr. J. G. Schmucker, contributed also by his active interest and instruction. GETTYSBURG THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY The organization of the General Synod at Hagerstown, Md., October 22, 1820, carried with it the increasing necessity for the establishment of a theological seminary conveniently located and suitably equipped for the education of young men to supply the Lutheran pulpits. Indeed, the seminary and the synod were mutually helpful if not mutually dependent for their firm estab- lishment and continued growth. It was altogether logical, there- fore, that at the organization meeting of the General Synod a “committee was appointed to form a plan for a Seminary of Hdu- cation.” Although at the next meeting, held at Frederick, Md., October 21-23, 1821, it was deemed advisable “‘on account of the 107 108 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD pressure of the times,’’ with other reasons, to defer the establish- ment of the institution, the project was to be kept alive in the minds of the congregations and the nucleus of a well selected library to be started. From the seed thus planted there has developed an institution of theological training that is now just completing the one hundredth year of its active life. ‘The cele- bration of this important centennial will be observed in September, 1926. Among the members of its faculty it has included some of the foremost scholars of the American Lutheran Church; and it has furnished her pulpits with more than fourteen hundred men who have ministered to the spiritual needs of her pgople. For a number of reasons the West Pennsylvania Synod feels a very deep and direct interest in this Seminary and has special pride and gratification in its century of service. Located in the very heart of the territory of the Synod, it holds a similar place in the Synod’s affectionate interest. The first meeting of the Board of Directors had the difficult and responsible duty of se- lecting the town in which the seminary could be most advanta- geously placed. In the historical address delivered by Dr. J. G. Morris at the semi-centennial celebration in Gettysburg, June 28, 1876, the following interesting statement is made, explaining the choice of Gettysburg, in competition with Hagerstown and Carlisle: ‘“‘After a long and interesting debate on the relative advan- tages of the places proposed, Gettysburg, upon the second ballot was the place selected. Thus a most important question was decided. It had excited much interest, but the final decision was unanimous. “One consideration in locating the Seminary was its accessi- bility. It was desirable to have the institution located centrally in regard to the whole Lutheran Church, in a place that could be reached most conveniently by public highways. Gettysburg at that time exactly answered these conditions. There were no railroads in the country at that time, but the best constructed turnpikes in the state centered in and passed through Gettysburg. These were the public thoroughfares from Baltimore and Philadel- phia to Pittsburgh.” The wise judgment of that selection of place, if not the divine guidance in the choice that was made, seems justified by the fact that the very arguments that prevailed then are strong today after a full hundred years of test. Gettysburg is still the very center of the large Lutheran field it serves, drawing its students principally from the states of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and sending them out east and west, north and south, to the limits of the American territory, and supplying many important posts of missionary usefulness on the other side of the globe. And al- though for a time the development of railroads in other directions seemed to weaken the argument of its accessibility in comparison with that of growing industrial and commercial centers, Gettys- EDUCATION 109 burg is today one of the most easily reached towns of the state, attracting to its world-famed battlefield and national park very many thousands of visitors annually. In addition to convenient railroad facilities, modern travel by automobile finds state and national hard-surfaced and well-kept highways leading from all directions into this center of historic interest and Lutheran educational importance. The organization of the West Pennsylvania Synod and the establishment of the Gettysburg Theological Seminary were so nearly contemporaneous that for this reason they bear a very direct mutual relation. It is evident that this subject of the Seminary was in the minds and on the hearts of the members of the Synod, for at their very first meeting in September, 1825, at Chambersburg, the following resolution was adopted: ‘“That we consider the establishing of a Theological Seminary very desirable, and we will, therefore, prepare our congregations for it.” It was resolved also that a circular letter be sent to all the congregations, the purpose of which was to promote the interests of Sunday Schools, Missionary Societies, Bible Societies, and likewise the concerns of the General Synod. The following paragraph from that circular letter will indicate the feeling of importance with which the committee regarded the project of founding a Seminary: “While this letter was composing, we understood to our entire satisfaction, that the General Synod of our Church, has resolved to establish a Theological Seminary, for the education of pious young men, for the gospel ministry; by whom the work of the Lord may be carried on in our Church, when we have closed our eyes in death. The necessity of such an Institution has often been a subject of much consideration at our different Synods; and many pious and discerning men of our Congregations have like- Wise seen that present circumstances render such an Institution peculiarly necessary; and that from it our offspring will reap great advantages.—But in order to bring this useful undertaking to bear, we stand in need of the active support of our Congregations. And here we would remind you again, beloved friends, that we solicit your charities, not for ourselves—but for the Church—for you—for your posterity.” Although other influences also contributed effectively toward the definite undertaking, there can be no doubt that this early and active support by the West Pennsylvania Synod gave encour- agement to the General Synod. The establishment of the Semi- nary, proposed at the first meeting, had been temporarily abandoned. In November, 1825, two months after the endorsement by the West Pennsylvania Synod, the General Synod took energetic measures “to commence forthwith in the name of the Triune God, and in humble reliance on his aid, the establishment of a Theo- logical Seminary,” in which shall be taught, ‘in the German and 110 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD English languages, the fundamental doctrines of the sacred Scriptures, as contained in the Augsburg Confession.’’ On the committee appointed by the General Synod to prepare a plan for the establishment of the Seminary the Revs. J. Herbst and B. Keller of the West Pennsylvania Synod served with Revs. B. Kurtz and S. 8. Schmucker of the Maryland Synod. Among the members of the original Board of Directors, the following were elected by the Synod at its meeting in 1826, “and classed, one of whom will annually vacate his seat: Dr. Schmucker, for 5 years; Mr. G. Smyser, for 4 years; Rev. Herbst, for 3 years; Mr. Young, for 2 years; Rev. Keller, for 1 year.” The first president of the Board of Directors was Dr. J. G. Schmucker, who was also the president of the West Pennsylvania Synod. The first professor, and the man to whom most credit must be given for keeping alive the project of the Seminary, was the Rev. 8. 8. Schmucker, of New Market, Va. Although at the time a member of the Mary- land and Virginia Synod, he was the son of a West Pennsylvania Synod parsonage, and in the home of his father, Dr. J. G. Schmuck- er, at York, he received the influence and early instruction that led him into the position of usefulness that he occupied. First SEMINARY BUILDING. From its small beginning the Seminary has grown to it present excellent equipment. Toward this material growth this Synod has always heartily contributed. Beginning with the first meeting after the establishment of the Seminary, with the ap- propriation of $150 out of the amount of $250 that had been paid by the East Pennsylvania Synod into our treasury, every appeal that has since come, with the increasing needs of the growing institution, has had the Synod’s sympathy and practical support. The report of the success of Dr. Kurtz’s European tour in the interest of the Seminary was received with expression of great eratification, and the Minutes of 1827 contain an extended account EDUCATION IMD of his reception in the various cities of Germany and their definite financial responses to the appeal he presented. In the early struggles to maintain the Seminary, the Synod came to the relief in 1834 with the resolution “That one hundred dollars of the funds of the Synodical treasury, collected for the general welfare of the Church, is hereby granted, at their request, to the board of di- rectors of our Seminary at Gettysburg; and it was further moved: “Whereas the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg is at present verymuch embarrassed with debt, which threatens to interrupt its progress and injure its usefulness, therefore—Resolved, That the ministers of this Synod be requested annually in November, or as New SEMINARY BUILDING. soon after as possible, to make collections, or take contributions or subscriptions in their respective congregations in aid of this Institution until the debt be liquidated; and that our Sister-synods connected with this Seminary be requested to adopt a similar measure.” At the recommendation of the General Synod for ‘‘a centenary celebration of Lutheranism in the United States,” the President of the West Pennsylvania Synod, Benjamin Keller, presented as “one of the leading objects of the centenary cele- bration the obtaining of funds for the support of the prominent benevolent institutions of our church.” Continuing his report: “Here I would beg leave to mention, 1. The Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg. This is certainly the most important institu- tion in the church, being more central than any of the others.”’ Following his recommendation the Synod at this meeting, in 1841, appointed a committee with power to name an agent or agents to secure centenary collections, from which “the second Professorship T12 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD of the Seminary at Gettysburg receive $15,000, and $500 to finish its edifice; the joint professorship of German in the Seminary and College $17,000; the College $12,000; the Book Company $10,000; the Education Society $10,000; for Home Missions $5,000. But if a sufficiency of money be not collected to meet these several objects, then each of them is to receive its proper proportion, except the second Professorship in the Seminary, which must be filled first and independently of the other specified objects.” It was thus in perfect accord with all former action of the Synod in relation to the Gettysburg Seminary when, at its meeting in St. Mark’s Lutheran Church, Hanover, Pa., October 12, 1922, the following resolution was passed: “One of the activities of ereatest interest and importance in connection with the develop- ment of our Synod’s history has been the establishment and progress of our Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. No institution could possibly have more value to the Church in general than the schools in which her pastors receive their special training for usefulness; and no Synod could have a closer relation- ship to the Theological Seminary than that one upon whose territory the institution is located. The West Pennsylvania Synod has special pride in the history of invaluable service that has been rendered by our Seminary at Gettysburg, established one year later than the time of our own organization. “Recognizing also our responsibility for the maintenance of this institution on the highest possible plane of efficiency, we recommend that, as a memorial of the Centennials of the West Pennsylvania Synod and the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, we endow a Professorship in the Seminary in the amount of fifty thousand dollars.” | Of the nineteen professors that have served the Seminary, the following have all been active in the work of the West Penn- sylvania Synod, some as clerical members of the Synod in connec- tion with their professorships, and others as pastors of charges: Drs. 8. 8. Schmucker, E. L. Hazelius, C. A. Hay, C. P.. Krauth, J. A. Brown, ©. PF. Sehaetier, E.eJ. Wolt, i.+Ce Bilbeimern min Kuhlman, M. Coover, J. A. Clutz and H. C. Alleman. Brief sketches of their pastoral services will be found in connection with the histories of the charges in the Synod where they labored. GETTYSBURG ACADEMY Antedating the founding of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, the Pennsylvania legislature in 1810 made an ap- propriation of two thousand dollars for the erection of an academy in Gettysburg. It was known as The Adams County Academy. It contained four large rooms, two of which were occupied by the Seminary from its beginning until the erection of its own dormi- tory and recitation building. Its teaching was evidently very EDUCATION 113 simple and elementary for at the opening of the Theological Seminary, September 5, 1826, “there was no classical and scientific school at Gettysburg which could furnish even the most modest preparatory training for its students and there were few such schools within the territory from which they came.’ And so it came to pass that the directors of the Seminary at their second meeting, May 16, 1827, resolved to establish a preparatory school and appointed Prof. 8. 8. Schmucker of the Seminary and Rev. J. Herbst to employ a teacher and formally open the school. On June 25, 1827, the school was opened in the Adams County Acad- emy. ‘The building, a plain substantial structure of colonial type, is still standing in the midst of its grounds on the corner of Wash- ington and High Streets. ORIGINAL ACADEMY; ALSO FIRST HOME OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. The first teacher was David Jacobs, A. M., then a student at the Seminary. Mr. Jacobs was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod at Bedford, Pa., October 7, 1829. The pressure of his duties told upon his health; after his return from a southern trip the following year, he died, November 4, 1830, at Shepherdstown, Va. In 1829 a scientific department was added and Michael Jacobs, A. M., was placed in charge. He was the brother of David Jacobs. He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1832 and ordained in 1834. The school was then offering a five year course and was known as Gettysburg Academy, and a little later as the Gettysburg Gymnasium. When, in 1832, the Gettysburg Gymnasium became Gettysburg College, Mr. Jacobs was elected Professor of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. For three different terms of three years each he served his Synod as Treasurer, and for another term of three years as President. 114 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD The work of the Academy was transferred in 1838 to the new College edifice now known as Pennsylvania Hall; again in 1846 to Linnean Hall. In the fall of 1868 it became necessary to erect the large building named Thaddeus Stevens Hall. The present property includes another handsome building completed in 1916, and a large and comfortable residence known as Junior Dormitory. Of the seven Principals of the Academy who served, with a few intermissions when the faculty of the College had supervision, five have come from the West Pennsylvania Synod, as follows: Professors Wm. M. Reynolds, C. J. Ehrehart, Hart Gilbert, Huber Gray Buehler, and Charles H. Huber under whose energetic leadership since 1896 the above mentioned recent additions have been made to the material equipment of the school. GETTYSBURG COLLEGE The College is the natural outgrowth of our Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. The same reasons, therefore, that relate the West Pennsylvania Synod to the latter explain her peculiar interest in the former. Almost immediately after the Seminary began its service of preparing young men for the ministry the need of a better classical foundation became apparent. The first stone of this foundation building was laid just one year after the Seminary was established. By steady progress the preparatory school begun in 1827 grew into the “Gettysburg Gymnasium” in 1829, and after five years developed into the institution chartered on April 7, 1832, as “Pennsylvania College of Gettysburg.’ The recognition of its direct church relationship is expressed by the following paragraph from the President’s report at the meeting of the West Pennsyl- vania Synod held in the fall of the same year: ‘The establishment of a literary and scientific institution, which was chartered by the legislature of this state, under the title of Pennsylvania College, must not be overlooked, when viewing the important occurrences in our church during the past year.’ And this estimate of the institution’s importance to the church is justified by the fact that almost two-thirds of the names of the alumni of the Seminary are found among the names of former students of the College. The formal organization of Pennsylvania College took place on July 4, 1882. Among the twenty-one men that formed the first Board of Trustees seven were regularly enrolled clerical mem- bers of the West Pennsylvania Synod. ‘The first Faculty was constituted as follows: S. 8. Schmucker, D. D., Professor of Intellectual Philosophy and Moral Science; HE. L. Hazelius, D. D., Professor of the Latin Language and German Literature; Rev. H. L. Baugher, A. M., Professor of the Greek Language and Belles Letters; Rev. M. Jacobs, A. M., Professor of Mathematics, EDUCATION 115 Chemistry and Natural Philosophy; Rev. J. H. Marsden, A. M., Professor of Mineralogy and Botany. Of these the first four were members of the West Pennsylvania Synod, Drs. Schmucker and ORIGINAL COLLEGE BUILDINGS AND CAMPUS Hazelius being also the Professors in the Theological Seminary; Prof. Baugher having been licensed by the Synod in 1828, and after a pastorate of one year at Boonsboro, Md., returned to Gettysburg; and Prof. Jacobs being licensed in October, 1832, by the Synod. The first President was Rev. C. P. Krauth, who on September 18, 1833, was elected Professor of Intellectual and Moral Science, and April 15, 1884, was appointed President of the College. He at once transferred his membership to the West Pennsylvania Synod, and was actively interested in its affairs until the time of his death in 1867. The Synod has always been responsive to efforts that were undertaken for the financial support of the College. When in its early history a plan for endowment was instituted through the sale of scholarships, Rev. A. Babb, a member of this Synod, “accepted an appointment as agent, whose difficult, arduous and efficient work is well remembered in many sections of the Church.” LO History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD In this connection the following paragraph in the President’s re- port of 1850 indicates the Synod’s attitude: ““And permit me also to ask the favorable attention of the members of this Synod to the efforts of the Trustees of Pennsylvania College, by means of these scholarships, to secure its endowment and extend its patron- age and influence. Its prosperity 1s too closely connected with that of our Theological Seminary and the cause of intelligence and piety in our church, to be a matter of indifference. The present is regarded as a peculiarly favorable time to make an active united effort to secure so important an object.’”?’ And upon the acceptance of the agency by Rev. Mr. Babb in April, 1851, the Synod took action at its next meeting: “Resolved, That the Rev. Mr. Babb, agent for Pennsylvania College, is hereby cordially recommended to the constituency of this Synod, as well as to the church at large, as justly entitled to their co-operation and the cause he advocates as highly important to the interests of minis- terial education in our church.” It is no reflection upon the Synod’s warm-hearted interest in the College to recall the cold business argument with which a very remarkable endowment proposition was presented in 1854. The committee appointed in relation to the proposition reported the following: “The proposition of the Board is, to educate gratuitous- ly in the College, all the beneficiaries of this Synod. In return, and as the condition of the above proposal, the Board desire the Synod to collect and pay over to the treasurer of the Board, $10,000. * * * Your committee regard the advantages offered to the church so great, that they think she should, by all means accept of them. For, whilst it is true that, at the present time, the proposition, viewed in the light of a bare business transaction, would not be very favorable to the church, because the interest of $10,000 is worth more than the price of the tuition of all her beneficiaries from this Synod, yet this disadvantage will be more than compensated for by the increased numbers which will be educated hereafter.” After definite action had been deferred for a few years, in 1857, encouraged by ‘‘a very generous offer, as a beginning of the enterprise,” made by ‘Brother C. A. Morris, of York, Pa., a worthy member of our church,” the Synod resolved, “That the effort about to be made to raise funds, in the form of scholarships, with the view to endow Pennsylvania College, has the full sanction of this Synod;” and “That we will welcome any agent whom the committee may appoint, to our respective charges, and that we hereby urge our people liberally to respond to his calle By the bequest of William Bittinger, Esq., the Presidency and Chair of Intellectual and Moral Science was endowed in 1888; the generosity of another layman of our Synod is recalled by the name of “‘Glatfelter Hall’ by which the large recitation building is known; and in the recent ‘‘Million Dollar Drive” for endowment EDUCATION Takes, a very creditable number of the congregations of our Synod ac- cepted their quotas of $10 per member in contribution to the successful carrying out of this plan, under the leadership of Rev. J. B. Baker, then pastor of St. James’ Lutheran Church of Gettys- burg. Among those who have gone out from the West Pennsylvania Synod as educators mention must be made of Rev. Samuel Sprech- er, D.D., LL.D. In 1848 he came to Chambersburg as pastor of the First Lutheran Church, where he remained until he accepted a call to Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, in 1849, to become the second President of that institution. The College was then only four years old. During a period of a quarter of a century Dr. Sprecher conducted the progress of the College with marked success, until in 1874 after his own repeated request he was re- lieved of the presidency, but remained as Professor of Systematic Theology. After ten more years of usefulness in this capacity, his resignation was reluctantly accepted, and his long service was recognized and honored by his being made Professor Emeritus of Systematic Divinity. FEMALE EDUCATION The first reference to the Synod’s interest in the education of the young women of the church we find in the Minutes of 1845, when the following resolution was passed: ‘‘Whereas, we believe that the Female Seminary at Gettysburg, under the care of Prof. H. Haupt, is fully worthy of our confidence and support, and that other things being equal, a preference should be given by us to those institutions in which instruction is given in the doctrines and principles of evangelical Christianity, therefore “Resolved, That we cordially recommend this Seminary to the favorable notice of all who wish to secure for their daughters a thorough education, and especially to our ministers and members.” But there is evidence of a growing sense of responsibility that was felt to provide advantages for the education of young ladies, and in 1848 ‘Dr. B. Kurtz asked and obtained permission to ad- dress the Synod, in reference to the interests of our institutions at Gettysburg, and the subject of Female Education, with special reference to the Lutheran Church in the United States. “The following preamble and resolutions were then adopted: “Whereas the Lutheran Church has no Female Seminary, which receives the sanction and general patronage of the church, and whereas such a Seminary would greatly promote the interests of the church, and its want has been felt and expressed through the Observer, therefore be it “Resolved, By the Synod of West Pennsylvania, that a com- mittee be appointed to report a minute expressing the sense of the Synod on this subject.” 118 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD The committee appointed for this important consideration was composed of Revs. B. Keller, S. 5. Schmucker, C. P. Krauth and M. Jacobs. After “as full a consideration as their time would admit,” this committee on the following day presented these conclusions: ; “T. That it is highly important that the members of the Lutheran church direct their attention to a more concentrated effort for the intellectual and religious education of our youth. “TT. That a Female Seminary under Lutheran influence, lo- cated in some central and easily accessible place, would, if properly conducted contribute in various ways to the interests of society at large and of our church in particular. “TTI. That such an institution would prosper best, if under- taken by some well qualified individual, acquainted with the views and disposed to consult the wishes of those who have called for the institution, and are disposed to patronize it: and that the members of this body will cheerfully lend their influence for the establishment of such an institution. “TV. That in the opinion of this Synod, the town of York would be a very suitable place for the establishment of this in- stitution.” | About this time there was a plan proposed to combine the efforts of several Synods in the establishment of a Female Sem- inary. A request to the President of the West Pennsylvania Synod for the appointment of a co-operating committee was re- ferred by him to the Synod at its meeting in 1849, with the state- ment that he had “recommended that several members should volunteer to act as members of that committee.’’? No definite results seem to have been accomplished by the effort in those years; but the sense of responsibility for the establishment of a Woman’s College by the Church is again realized at this time, and our own Synod is represented by two elected directors of a Board composed of similar representatives of eight other Synods of our United Lutheran Church, whose assigned problem is to select a site and arrange for the organization of such an institution. The President of this Board is Rev. J. Henry Harms, D. D., formerly a member of this Synod; and the Secretary is Rev. Wim. A. Kump, pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church of Chambersburg. On the territory of our Synod, at Mechanicsburg, Pa., is located Irving Female Seminary. While it is a privately owned institution, it has always enjoyed the patronage of the church. Prof. E. E. Campbell, the President, is a Lutheran. For many years Rev. A. W. Lilly, D. D., while pastor of Zion Lutheran Church of York, was President of the Board of Directors. For many years also the Synod appointed each year an official visitor to the school, who returned his report to the Synod, and thought- ful consideration was given to the conduct and progress of the Seminary. EDUCATION 119 BENEFICIARY HDUCATION In response to a communication from the Corresponding Secretary of the Missionary and Education Society of the Synod of Maryland and Virginia, urging the importance of forming similar societies in other Synods for the purpose of providing education for “pious but poor young men, desirous of preparing themselves for the Gospel ministry,” a committee of five ministers and five laymen was appointed in 1829 to consider a plan for the formation of an Education and Missionary Society. Prompt ac- tion was taken upon the report of the committee, which resulted in the adoption of a constitution for an organization to be known as “The Education and Missionary Society of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of West Pennsylvania.’ It provided for an annual membership fee of one dollar and offered life membership for the payment of ten dollars. Its purpose, in addition to the annual preaching of a missionary sermon at the meeting of Synod, was the support of ““young men of our church, who shall study Theology at the Gettysburg Seminary.” The organization of auxiliary societies in the different congregations was urged, and a suggested form of Constitution was provided. The interest in the combined work of missions and education continued to grow and the contributions to increase. In 1831 it was resolved that the society should pledge its support for five young men and that each beneficiary should receive not more than $75 per annum. With the formation of the Parent Education Society by the General Synod at its meeting in York in 1835, and the formation of a Synodical Missionary Society in the same year, the support of missions and education was conducted in separate accounts, and in 1836 the Treasurer’s report shows two columns of receipts, one for the Education Society and the other for the Missionary Society. With varying degrees of success and discouragement, the interest of the Synod has been maintained throughout all its history in this foundation work of providing young men for the ministry. It has finally developed into the present efficient sys- tem, by which under the direction of an elected Committee on Ministerial Education composed of five clerical and four lay mem- bers of the Synod each young man receiving financial assistance is personally observed and encouraged in his progress, and the support of the work is provided by the apportionment system of benevolence. 120 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD JUNIOR BUILDING OF TRESSLER ORPHANS’ HOME, LOYSVILLE, PA. Built and presented by the West Pennsylvania Synod and dedicated June 8, 1922. The building is of brick construction, with wood work painted white, slate roof, well lighted and thor- oughly equipped for its intended use. The dimensions are 58 by 36 feet. It has a fully finished basement, first, second and dormer floors, entrance porch, kitchen porch, enclosed sun parlor on half south end and half of west side, with open porch on the other part of the west side. The building is used for boys from infancy up to two years of age and girls from infancy up to six years of age. It has ca- pacity for twenty children and three teachers. This building will stand in the years to come as a fine, tangi- ble testimony to those who gave it and an incalculable blessing to the children who shall enjoy its kindly ministries. The total cost of building and furnishing was $31,606.96. CHAPTER XII LITERATURE Even in contemplation of the establishment of the West Pennsylvania Synod the importance of a printed sheet was rec- ognized as a medium by which church news and religious thought might be disseminated. At the Special Conference held at Green- castle preparatory to the organization of the West Pennsylvania Synod, November, 1824, the Minutes record: ‘“The subject for consideration related to the publication of a religious periodical (Religése Zeitschrift), as a continuation of the Evangelical Magazine, formerly published by the Pennsylvania Synod. Mr. Herbst, the Secretary, laid a resolution before the convention, setting forth his views in regard to the usefulness, the contents and the conditions of such awork. After the brethren had expressed their opinion on the subject, it was agreed that each of the brethren consider this subject maturely, so that he be prepared and able to give his thoughts on this matter at the next meeting.” Seemingly their thoughts matured slowly, for it was not until the meeting of 1828 that the subject of a publication was again presented before the Synod. At that meeting ‘‘the necessity for a religious paper in the German language was considered, and all the members of the Synod present were convinced that such a paper would be of especially great value.” A committee com- posed of Revs. B. Kurtz, W. Schulze and Prof. Schmucker, and laymen F. Scharretts and P. Smyser was appointed to give the matter thorough consideration. Their report recommended the publication of a 32-page monthly, of “large octavo size,” with subscription price of $1.50 in advance. A standing committee was elected (Dr. Schmucker, and Revs. F. Heyer and W. Jager), whose duty it was to select a printer and also secure as editor a qualified pastor of our church, who while acting in this capacity should not serve a congregation. Any profits resulting from the publication were to be devoted to the benevolent and missionary operations of the church. The paper was launched in April, 1829, under the name of The Evangelical Magazine. The printer was H. C. Neinstedt, and the first editor was Rev. John Herbst, both of Gettysburg. The Minutes of 1830, however, state: “The Rev. Dr. Hazelius and Prof. Schmucker were appointed Editors of our Evangelical Magazine.” 121 122 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Notwithstanding the seeming urgent need for such a publica- tion in the German language, it had a short life of only four years, discontinuing in 1833. Suggestions of difficulties appear in the Minutes of 1831, where the report of Dr. Schmucker complains of the impossibility of meeting paper and printing expenses be- cause of tardiness of subscribers in remitting, and explains that his own long continued indisposition had put the burden of con- ducting the paper principally upon his co-editor, Rev. Dr. Hazel- ius; a later resolution is still more suggestive of discouragement, proposing ‘‘to confer with the Editors of the proposed religious paper of the Ohio Synod, to devise some plan of uniting their interests, and if practicable to carry such plan into effect.’”’ The Minutes of the next year give much space to the consideration of the advisability of discontinuing the magazine, with detailed statements of monies received and paid, and of unpaid printer’s bill and of subscriptions due and unpaid. A solution of the problem appeared, however, in the report of a special committee appointed to consider the matter: “In consideration of the difficulties which hein the way, * * * they recommend, that this publication be discontinued in its present form, and that its name be changed.” This recommendation was induced also by the proposal of the Rev. Mr. Dreyer, of York, to unite our publication with his own, and to publish it weekly, at the annual subscription price of one dollar. Every possible ad- vantage was offered by Mr. Dreyer: his removal to Gettysburg and printing of paper there; his personal assumption of all re- sponsibility of the periodical; his translation and publication of religious works for the young, in the German language. The recommendation of the committee, therefore, was adopted, and the short but useful life of The Hvangelical Magazine of the West Pennsylvania Synod was brought to an end with that current year. The new publication appeared May 6, 18338, under the title of “Die Evangelische Zeitung der Lutherischen, Reformirten und anderer Protestantischen Kirchen in den Vereignigten Staaten,” the first German religious weekly in our Church. We know from the Synod’s consideration of the proposition that this paper had an earlier existence, but now in its merged form this issue is marked ‘Vol. I, No. 1.”’ Several items of the agreement, however, seem not to have been observed: The printing was continued at York; while nominally a weekly, only thirty-six numbers were issued during the year; because of lack of funds it was discontinued from October to December, from which time it appeared only bi-weekly, by recommendation of both the General Synod and the West Pennsylvania Synod; and its struggling life of only one year ended with the issue of April 7, 1834. It was a union publication, Dr. J. G. Schmucker of York, and Rev. A. Helffenstein, Reformed pastor of Baltimore, counseling and co-operating with the publisher Rev. J. H. Dreyer, of York. LITERATURE 123 The first English Lutheran periodical in America was pub- lished under the direction of the Synod of Maryland and Virginia. Its title was ‘The Evangelical Lutheran Intelligencer.’ The first issue appeared in March, 1826. It appears to have had the com- mon struggle for existence by reason of poor financial support, and was able to maintain itself for just five years, the last issue bearing the date of February, 1831. Only six months later, August 1, 1831, The Lutheran Observer, another English Lutheran periodical was born, lived through the struggle of its infancy and soon attained a vigor of self-support and growing influence that continued through a period of eighty- four years, When in October, 1915, it was purchased by the General Synod and consolidated with The Lutheran Church Work, with the new title of Lutheran Church Work and Observer. Several facts indicate the close connection of the West Penn- sylvania Synod with the founding of this important periodical of the Church. Its appearance so soon after the cessation of The Intelligencer suggests the activity of another influence in the Church that was not entirely in accord with that which was being exercised by that publication. A clear argument for this is pre- sented by Dr. F. G. Gotwald in his “Pioneer American Lutheran Journalism” in The Lutheran Quarterly of April, 1912. This in- fluence radiated principally from Gettysburg; and Dr. J. G. Morris in his ‘‘Life Reminiscences”’ includes among those “leading spirits’ who “determined to resuscitate the deceased Intelligencer, or rather create a new paper worthy the patronage of our people,” “B. Kurtz, Schmucker, Keller, Heyer and others’’ all influential men in the West Pennsylvania Synod. Moreover, in his very first word, addressed ‘““Io Our Readers,’’ the first editor, Dr. Morris, explains that the Prospectus was issued from Gettysburg and that the original intention was to make this the place of regular publication. This intention included also that West Pennsylvania men, Professor Schmucker and Dr. Hazelius, should conduct its editorial management, which was impossbile on ac- count of the precarious state of health of the former and the already burdensome duties of the latter as editor of the German Magazine. Although the publication was never issued from our Synod’s territory (except the Prospectus above mentioned), but began its life in Baltimore and was afterwards transferred to Philadelphia, The Lutheran Observer was edited by West Penn- sylvania Synod men during a little more than two-thirds of its long life. The First Lutheran Church of Chambersburg furnished the two editors whose combined service covered fifty-seven years. President Heyer, in his report of 1838, says: “Rev. B. Kurtz, agreeably to the advice of his Physician has given up the congre- gation in Chambersburg, and undertaken the Editorship of the first weekly religious periodical of the Lutheran Church in the United States. * * * In accordance with our constitution, 124 History oF WEST PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Mr. Kurtz, who now resides within the bounds of the Maryland Synod, applied for an honorable dismissal, and cheerfully received it.’ For twenty-five years, until January 1858, he continued to direct the paper and exercised a large influence through the Chureh. After an interval of eight years the editorship again was entrusted to the pastor of the First Lutheran Church of Chambers- burg, the Rev. F. W. Conrad, who removed to Philadelphia to which city the Observer was now also removed. He served in this capacity until the time of his death in 1898, a remarkable editorial career of thirty-two years. When the paper was merged with Lutheran Church Work, our Synod again became directly associated with it through its edi- torial management by another of our members, the Rev. F. G. Gotwald, D. D. In July 1849, the first number of “The Evangelical Review” appeared, which has continued publication to the present time, with a change of name in 1871 to “The Quarterly Review of the Evan- gelical Lutheran Church.” It has been the mouth-piece of the Church’s theological and scholarly expression and has maintained the high standard of its original purpose. With its life-long home on West Pennsylvania Synod territory, and edited by professors of our College and Seminary at Gettysburg, though always in- dependent of Synodical ownership, its relation to our Synod may naturally be regarded as particularly close. The ability of the Synod’s membership has been drafted for the editorship of Sunday School literature; the Rev. H. L. Baugher, D. D., for a score of years was the able editor of The Augsburg Teacher; for a period of thirty-three years a series of Lesson Helps for Sunday School teachers and pupils was edited and published in York, beginning 1873, supplying the schools of a large proportion of our Synod’s churches and of other Lutheran churches far beyond the borders of this Synod. For all but three years of this time the editor and publisher was the Rev. P. Anstadt, D. D., who had also earlier edited the Lutherische Kirchenbote from 1851 to 1863, and then the American Lutheran for a period of sixteen years. Many individual contributions of permanent value have come from the pens of West Pennsylvania Synod members to the book and periodical literature of the Church, which the limit of space wil not allow to be enumerated. CHAPTER XIII LICENSES AND ORDINATIONS A Aberly, J., O. 1891. Albert, L. E., L. 1849, O. 1851. Alleman, M. J., L. 1845. Allison, W. M., L. 1914, O. 1915. Altman, D.S8., L. 1845 Eins paGheeden Gr wl LsoU Ol sod Anstadt, H., L. 1892, O. 1894 Anstadt, W. W., L. 1886, O. 1887 Arnold, C. E., L. 1909 Asper, J. N., L. 1880, O. 1881 B Baker aWeelroai OL 7 Baker, Ralph, O. 1921 Barbehenn, N. C., L. 1897 Bare, W. F., L. 1895, O. 1896 Barnett, C. W., L. 1909 Inve maunivAy dey NA 1s CEB Oy nee ks BarnitZaio. -3., 1b. 1861s O 1862 Bassler, G., L. 1842 Bastian, Gs P.,,O..1903 Baughers Hel wors LelS28 20: 1832 Baugher, H. L., O. 1863 Baughman, G. W., L. 1885, O. 1886 Bauman, C., L. 1849, O. 1850 Baum, We M., L. 1848,-0. 1850 Becker, D. R., O. 1888 Belfour, E., L. 1856 Bell, A. D., L. 1910 Bender, H. W., L. 1897, O. 1898 Berg, A., L. 1842, O. 1844 Berry, L. W., O. 1860 Berwager, G. HL. ., TL: 1906, 0; 1907 Bixler, H. C., L. 1892, O. 1893 Blackwelder, D. M., L. 1859 Bosserman, A., L. 1846 Bolenius, A. N., L. 1833 Bousuinwd., stn c lara ial 022.0, 1923 Bower, Philip, L. 1924 Bowers, J. C., L. 1895 Bowersox, H. T., O. 1911 Boyer, 55 LAl835 Brame, Edward G., L. 1928, O. 1924 Brame, J. F., L. 1889 Bream Gao, 1912 Breitenbach, E., L. 1844, O. 1846 Brenneman, W. R., L. 1919 Brillhart, H. C., L. 1908 Brown, J. A., L. 1842 Buehler, H. G., L. 1887, O. 1889 Burger, 8S. C., L. 1897, O. 1898 Byers, J. W., L. 1883, O. 1884 C Campbell, L. 1840 Cannaday, I., L. 1901 Capito, J. .G., L. 1844, ©. 1846 Carnell, J. P., O. 1868 Clare, H. E., L. 1897, O. 1898 Clare, M. L., L. 1904, O. 1905 Clare, R. D., L. 1902 Coble, Oliver Dewey, L. 1923, O. 1924 Cook, H.8., L. 1868 Conoway, J., L. 1861, O. 1862 Cook, J. J., L. 1868 Cooper, E. R., L. 1904 Creager, Harold L., L. 1921, O. 1922 Cressler Je We als (LOLs 72 Cressman, M.8., O. 1878 CrollwAs E., [21862 125 126 Cromer, ©. @., L. 1896 Crouse, T. L., L. 1889 Curtis, oe Ue listo D Dahleeny) AysltS (240.1373 Dasher, 8., L. 1860, O. 1861 Diener, J. F., L. 1870, O. 1871 Deininger, C. J., L. 1846, O. 1848 Deininger, A. G., O. 1830 Diehl, C. F., L. 1901 Diehl, J., L. 1906 Diehl, S. A.) Le. 1874, 0. 1875 Diehl, W. K., L. 1888 Dise, B.8., L. 1888 Drawbaugh, D. P., L. 1894, OQ. 1895 Dutt es Lals6o.On ses EK aly eiler bs laa sod. Earnest, J. A., L. 1859 Eggers, L., L. 1834 Khrenfeld, A. C., L. 1846 Ehrenfeld, G. F., L. 1840, O. 1841 Ehrhart, C., L. 1852 Ebrhart, W. H., L. 1895, O. 1896 Ellinger, J., L. 1838, O. 1839 BlysGuBs 51911 Enders, G. W., Jr., L. 1895 Erlenmeyer, G., L. 1833, O. 1835 Erney, W. C., L. 1918, O. 1919 Essick, A., L. 1849 Etter, C. B., L. 1891, O. 1892 Eveler, G. H., O. 1904 Everett, Plas (08 OAS a Eyler, D. J., L. 1849 Eyster, C. M., L. 1883, O. 1884 Eyster, M., L. 1838, O. 1839 F Falkenstein, Elwood S., L. 1923 O. 1924 Pastpachten AGO Le fe Felton, E., O. 1882 Minch Et ssleto01 Finfrock, A., O. 1859 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Binds J- Ry, lS 19S Oe O20 Fleck, W. K., O. 1910 Flint, T. M., O. 1846 Focht; DAH il. 18507 Or rSo2 Foulk, -D2Ze Lal S73) Omis a Foulk, Paul L., L. 1924 Hox Joo eee) lL O02 Hox, W.- Bs 1.1862 Francis,ts. Ac: he Oso. Frey, E., L. 1838, O. 1840 Frey, W. W., L. 1902 (habiyAHh Asis tb shefett Fritze, C. A., L. 1858, O. 1859 Fuhrman, Arthur A., L. 1924 G Galland, D. F., L. 1890 Garrett, M. V., L. 1918 Gaver, M. D., O. 1882 Geesey, F. S., L. 1892, O. 1893 Geesey, M. D., L. 1908 GeitZ, J ING ab 1350 Gelwix, C. A., O. 1859 Gentzler, J. W., L. 1906 Gephart, C. F., L. 1889, O. 1890 Gernard elias g Gerhart, W., L. 1847 Gilbert, D. M., L. 1859 Gladfelder, P., L. 1906, O. 1907 Goettman;, J) Go bso baae: 1862 Goetz, L., L. 1890, O. 1891 Gotwald, D., L. 1830, O. 1831 Gotwald, G. D., L. 1884, O. 1885 Gotwald, L. A., L. 1920, O. 1921 Gotwald, L. A., L. 1859, O. 1860 Grahan, H., L.'1856 Gross, G. D., O. 1881 Grossman, H. C., O. 1868 Gruver eee lel Guenther, C., L. 1837, O. 1838 FUSS chal Oral oou H Hafer, D.S., L. 1908, O. 1904 Hafer, Glen T., L. 1923, O. 1924 Hafer, L. B., L. 1896 Haines, G., L. 1852 LICENSES AND Hamsher, M. R., L. 1907 Haner, W. C., L. 1846 Hanson, H. W. A., L. 1903 Hapeman, H. J., L. 1887 Harkey, 8. L., O. 1850 Harkey, 8., L. 1833 ATMA deeb Re LOT 3 atnon uti ue 1596, OF 1897 Harrison, W. H., L. 1845 Hartman, J. A., L. 1880, O. 1881 Hartman, W. A., L. 1897 lnkige ACI Ug Aba ike v gay (Oh FayvAae inbris Weald Bp abet ale Hayes, C. E., O. 1910 Heathcote, C., L. 1907 Heck, J., O. 1842 Heffelbower, 8. G., L. 1893, O. 1894 Hecew = Havin 19lo nO. 916 Heilig, D., L. 1828, O. 1836 Heilig, T., L. 1861 Heilig, W., L. 1839, O. 1842 Heilman, A. M., L. 1891, O. 1892 Heilman, J. F., O. 1902 Heindel, W.S., L. 1871 Hench, 8. L., O. 1912 Henry, E., L. 1851 Henry, L. E., O. 1905 Henrys. le 1850,O; 1852 Herman; 8., £,) 1901, O. 1902 Hershey, C. H., L. 1919, O. 1920 Hesse, C. F. V., O. 1912 Hildebrand, Clinton’ F., Jr., L. 1922 Buber On18o5 Hippe, L., L. 1856 Hoffman, J. H., L. 1832, O. 1834 Hollinger, A. M., L. 1916, O. 1917 Homrighaus, A., L. 1877 Hoppe, C. F. W., O. 1855 Hopps, W., L. 1854 Horick, P: J., lL. 1919, O. 1920 Hoshour, E. E., L. 1887 Hosper, 8., O. 1863 Huber, C. H., L. 1894, O. 1896 Heilman, H. M., L. 1887, O. 1888 ORDINATIONS J Jacobs, David, L. 1829 Jacobs, Prof. M., L. 1832, O. 1834 JACODY an G@ae thn lio fe Jager, G., L. 1830, O. 1831 Jordy, W. H., L. 1885, O. 1886 K Kast ees seat Om aos A Keckler, W., L. 1862, O. 1863 Keil) HD ssi 18297 O27 1830 Keller, C. E., L. 1882, O. 1883 Keller, J. H., L. 1901 Keller, L., L. 1849 Keller, Lloyd M., L. 1922 Kelley, A. A., L. 1895, O. 1896 Kelley, J. F., L. 1919 ikeaructaattyn,” Wie dale IGS iberahene™ 1872 Ketterman, Dan., L., 1914, O. 1915 Kistlene ahs sleet do Klinefelter, F., O. 1864 Khnger, 02 G..02 1883 Knight, L., L. 1845, O. 1847 Kohler, J., L. 1844, O. 1846 Kohler, L., 1837, O. 1838 Koller, J. C., L. 1867, O. 1868 Koller Weel 1 S90 Omi so7 Koons, H.8., L. 1851, O. 1854 Koop, W., L. 1845, O. 1847 Koser, J. A., L. 1874 Koser, J. G., L. 1904 Kramlick, B. E., L. 1858 Kroute ia Deals L903 Kuhl, C., L. 1848 Rum peewee soe Owloos Kunkel, C., L. 1841, O. 1843 L Easel Wee LO1 OO tort Lauer, H. W., O. 1834 Lauffer, G. N., L. 1901 Lecrone, D. W., L. 1897, O. 1898 Leffler, J., L. 1842 Lehman, J., L. 1841 128 Lehn, John Henry, L. 1922, O. 1923 Leisher, W. L., L. 1888, O. 1889 Leiter, G., O. 1834 Leonard, C., O. 1904 Lepley, C., L. 1839, O. 1840 Lesher, 8. M., L. 1894 Lilly, Wo EH She 1s 77 . Little, J. Harold, L.. 1923, O. 1924 Livingston, P., L. 1885, O. 1886 livingston Peele Loe L016 Lochman, A. H., O. 1926 Long, A., L. 1856 M Manges, E. L., L. 1910 Manges, L. C., L. 1899 Manifold, J. H., C. L. 1891 Markley, R. L., O. 1915 Markward, J. B., L. 1894 Martin, C., L. 1836 Martin, D. C., L. 1904, O. 1905 Martin, Jacob, O. 1829 Meisenhelder, R. L., L. 1898, O. 1900 Metzger, J. A., L. 1882, O. 1883 Metzler, E. J.,-L. 1874,.0. 1875 Meyer, J. H., L. 1901 Meyer, P. L., O. 1825 Miller, Guy E., L. 1922, O. 1923 Miller, G. W., L. 1901 Miller, J. K., L. 1850 Miller, J. W., L. 1849 Mortensen, Ludwig C., L. 1923, O. 1924 Moser, Daniel, L. 1829, O. 1830 Mowrer, B. K., O. 1921 Mumper, J. Harold, L. 1924 Musselman, H. A., L. 1901, O. 1902 McAtee, J. Q., O. 1861 Mc@armeveeG. bie onl 2 1913 Mc@arney;s4). Cy 17. 21903; 40; 1904 McCron, J:; .,.1839; O:1840 McDowell, S. J., L. 1891, O. 1892 McGaughey, J..C., L. 1890, O. 1891 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD McKenzie; D: ley La 1s (Ope 1871 | MckKiaight; H. W., Lo iso7ao: 1868 McLaughlin, A., O. 1864 Mcsherry, G., L. 1882, O. 1883 N Newcomer, H: D., Ly 18978O: 1898 Nicholas, W. H., L. 1894, O. 1895 Null, T. W., L. 1904, O. 1905 O Oswald, Jonathon, L. 1829, O. 1830 Owen, 8. W., O. 1864 P Ralmeres lov Parker, G.-Gs, O2:1910 Parr, A. A., L. 1889, O. 1890 Parson, G., L. 1844 Peterman, R27E 47 L A519: 1912 Peters, W. H., L. 1919, O. 1920 Piahlers Vib lal S44 Phillipys, NoGs 1910 Bhittw) mK ealeeksou Poffinberger, J. W., L. 1874 Probst# G7.@, san 1358 Probst,-L: K., L. 1878; OF 13849 R Rasmussen, C. C., L.,.1914, O. 1915 Redecay, Harold, L. 1921, O. 1922 Rehmeyer, L. H., L. 1918 Renter, A., L. 1852 . Rentz, W. F., O. 1880 Reynolds, W., L. 1835 Rachardy J 2W. Gbels7d Riess, C., L. 1885 Ritter, C. L., O. 1894 RitzvBs Cerlalol5 Roberts, ©. G., L. 1915 Robinson, Felix, G., L. 1924 Rosenstengel, W., L. 1878 LICENSES AND Roth, G:,-L. 1851 RoOveOs Gee Oe 1881 OWE Dealt 8/38 0 als74 Ruby, E. C., L. 1904, O. 1905 Rudisill, A. J., L. 1895, O. 1896 Rudin le Bw wy 1915" OO el916 Rudisill, E. 8., L. 1914 Rudisill, Jacob E., L. 1921 Rudisill SiH. L. 1914 Rudolohw hls O21912 vat leves Gravion Lave 1 O4 7) Ruthmiller, W. L. B., L. 1915, O. 1916. Ruthrauff, Jonathan, O. 1827 S Salzgiver, W. E., L. 1914 Sandhouse, M., L. 1844 Schaeffer, ©. F:, O.. 1831 ScoanizelaJd. He le. 1857 Scherer, J. J., L. 1903 Schmogrow, J. 8. W., L. 1850 Schmucker, B. M., L. 1847 Schmucker, 8. M. G., L. 1842, O. 1844 Schock, J. L., L. 1841, O. 1842 Schultze, Gustavus, L. 1827, O. 1830 Seibert, J. F., L. 1891 Seiler, George H., L. 1923, O. 1924 Seligman, W. M., L. 1911, O. 1912 Sell, E. H. M., L. 1858 mpbatrettsweN. Gi) Ls 2182640): 1827 Shearer, T. E., O. 1911 Sheeder, P., L. 1849 Sheffer, G. H:, L. 1914, O.. 1915 Shimer, H. D., O. 1899 Shindler, C. N., L. 1912, O. 1913 Shindler, Raymond C., L. 1921, O. 1922 Shriver, P. J., L. 1899 Sieber, J. L., L. 1902 Sieber, L., L. 1875 Simonton, ©. 8.,.07 1919 Slater, S. E., L. 1887 ORDINATIONS 129 Shfer, L. W., L. 1919 Slifer, W. G., O. 1894 Smith, D., O. 1843 pimutne). Wee ORS 27 Sinithy Viak Le TOL O19 12 Snyder, H. G., L. 1889 Snyder, J. M., L. 1877, O. 1878 Spangler, H. R., L. 1909, India O. 1910 Spangler, W. D., L. 1914 Stare, R., L. 1887, O. 1888 Stauffer, H. A., L. 1910, O. 1911 Steck, A. R., L. 1885 Stein, C. H., L. 1912 Steck, J., O. 1854 Steinhofer, C. G., L. 1827 Stermer, J. E., L. 1914 Stine, M. H., L. 1879 Stock, H. B., L. 1895, O. 1896 Stoever, C., L. 1836 Stoner, J. R., L. 1905 UrOCKee) ahve le LO05 SHR O Aha NTO Iya Stun Ae Geen ABS OU Oanleso L Studebaker, E., L. 1857 Stump, A., L. 1880, O. 1881 DUNdaAy mW eee lies Om1OT9 DUULOD Mem ue) rap) Weve ho) 107 Swartz, E., L. 1842 Swartz, J. W., L. 1859 Dwarize Web. Li iSo07O. 1854 Swope, D., L. 1854 if (homes ehoe lee S91 Oe L8 92 Townsend, D., L. 1873 Treibly, D. B., L. 1888 Ulrostie, Law 5 -L.19067 02.1907 Vv Valentine, M., L. 1852 Venable, Chas. L., L. 1921 W Wade, W. A., L. 1904 Wagner, Ralph L., O. 1922 Walterick, J. H., L. 1875 130 Wampole, J. F., L. 1856, O. 1857 Warner, A. N., L. 1874, O. 1875 Weaver, W., O. 1847 Weber, L. 1843 Wedikind, A. C., L. 1848 Weible, J., L. 18387, O. 1838 Weigle, D. E., L. 1909 Weigle, E. D., L. 1877, O. 1878 Weikert, S. A., L. 1842 Wel Coe i ss0sOrisaL Weise, A. J., L. 1861 Weiser, R., O. 1834 Wickey, N. J. G., L. 1914 Wiest, C. F., L. 1897, O. 1898 Wiles, C. P., O. 1896 Wilkins, B. C., L. 1902 Williams, J. T., L. 1838, O. 1839 Williams, L. T., L. 1843 Williams, 8., O. 1845 Williard, L. 1841 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Willis, J., L. 1876 Willox, J. L., L. 1840, O. 1841 Witmer, C., L. 1844 Wolf, A. G., L. 1889 Wolt, FE. BO 863 Wolt, J) Ba 1S 764088 ar Wolf, L. B., L. 1882, O. 1883 W olf, N&S.L 1906. Oso ve Yarger, H.S., L. 1885 Yeager, G., L. 1830, O. 1831 Young, L. 1840 Young, Lek hai912 Z Ziegler, H., L. 1843 Zimmerman, J., L. 1856 Zimmerman, M. F., L. 1884 CHAPTER XIV PASTORS AND PASTORATES (INCLUDING ONLY PRESENT TERRITORY) A EATS a) SAM es iat ha ae Ouiicey Setet ane see ee ae WUE Pod Ces aie a Papen Carlisle; toa) Pte id ee ak ee BrOCLUS ACO De tints Wk Wome FaSte Berle ee eee nee ment eae Hanover, New Oxford, Stone Chutctheteepaue es rere gsc. /IUTEY CTE TR BAP SR a eae ee SHTDDEMSDUT Os saan ree he ee ANN Wg ke MC pws in reece Chambersburg, . lrinitye 3). 2.5. Cetiysburos Christin sd se earner” Pd lemian cE sigeru cs octet FELULIES COW tae) OLS seare tee Allison, W. M Anstadt, H... Aughe, A. H.. em rands Cs Gr FLOmnO Viel ee VIALLNG Wes, tae JA ANOW CIS CelViEKeS 5a eee wae PVECles Lowiies tele Uliode on eee oe BOL K S611 OU eal geet meh crear ait, ING Wa) X1OlC re teres eee ee ae DELO Grr 0.0 GC iemenr Re eae COTS Lem ADs gs en eae eee ne UOT aS Levy Ue: Sem Gaited) ouviaee WY Orkeotewvlatthew See OTA SU OLOT.S amen a eae.) ne iI stand hk hes Vercersburd aa eee, ao IWews OXLord fous wows fae whe GelttysburcnGuiist ey ee Chambersburg ehirsiy se pete oO RAO a ee Geltysburcms ta) aiieceae ee ae WanGhes (Crap tance eee Gamer g a. Abad Moe Gee NY OFICES DE IIGS peeeeiet Sree aes Mc C@onnellsburdayees ere ae A gee A ai Peds L201 shaw ay nko h emo Worindless prileseg wren ac ae, EM thie ee Workssrinity ese ae eee: Se Gee te Bondersyilles, sna) ae bh oe, ee Pebanonuweuedaa: tro wirs as) aor a hee ee atl ee Mig SOY tert ere Water iee te ee ee VELL LOLY 015 OLLI Oe S DTI S.2 eee Dame Pam WOK {Grace ake nen tere ee B TGR ES: Mechanicsburg, New Kingston. . Mechanicsburg, New Kingston. . DICKIWiSOl eres eee peek oe re 131 1893—1896 d 1872—1881 1825—1828 1837—1848 1874—1887 1891—1896 1896—1900 1856—1857 1881—1890 1882—1883 1889—1897 d 1891—1892 1915—1918 1918—1924 1895—1906 1906—1911 1918— 1852—1854 1901—1918 1918—1920 1917-1925 1913—1915 1914—1917 1881—1887 1905—1913 1875—1878d 1913—1918 1836—1839 1846—1852 1856—1861 1877—1892 d 132 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Baechtel VieB irae 2 oe: NMiercersburocvi cee 1853—1854 Baer, C. HAND 5 ed ROU ae Wir olitovall Gere tote, cee tena 1855—1856 Bakere.Ge We) seaee eee DaNastOwn, 4c do eee eee 1886—1888 SAlGIn ato dc Ay cee Glare gees: nea 1888—1890 YOLK: SM tra, so ee eee eee 1895—1897 New. OXxTOrd saved. .oe bee eee 1911—1917 Baker’ LL. a eee eee INGw ville Z1On7)¢ sear tee 1861—1867 Bakere J.B 2a ae York Sil Péter’stuu bynes. eae 1904—1906 Geliysburo ol. J dines se acre 1909—1922 Baker, R. W.. ee er LTC OG ane tate th ane eae 1921— Bare, pM ee Oh eal I) alas TOW lane ee eee ae 1898—1902 Balninz, Brea S42 % oie York 7 Viiddletowns).e) saa 1884-—1889 Bastian, Corps Soa ae Littlestown, St. John’s..........1903—1909 Baughere Prot risus, Sr.. Gettysburg College............./1832—1841 1865—1868 Baugher, Prof. H. L:, Jr. Gettysburg College.......<.....1871—1880 1881—1899 Batra WAN oe eee © Y OFK POLL AUS, bee ak eens 1862—1874 Becker, ID). R Pot RAE Beh A Littlestown Syidt oh aocs, Wher eet Bers Cone RACE okie 1888—1893 News ranklints marca Og tae, e 1898—1906 Upper Bermudian... . «.3.s4--. 1915—1919 Beckley, Gali. ne... o@ SHIPPCHSDUIS, «seven. re eee ees 1865—1868 Béckncrs Dee a ee NEW LOIN OS LON ae ent oer eee 1875—1877 Berg pnt eee ee reste Shrewsbury, Lebanon. ;..+ 2. .+.:: 1843—1873 Chambersburg, Second......... 1873—1875 Bergstresser, FL, eo elambersburg. Brinityeaa ee 1909—1913 Bergstresser, H. C..;.:;.. Littlestown, St. Paul’s......-... 1918—1925 Bergstresser, R. H.....:.:Hanover, St. Matthews’........ 1917— Berkey HtE oes 32.) :ed Dione yt ee ee 1895—1901 Gel_ivsbure «ee ita eee ence 1923— Bell WA eae aerials Bowlin so Springer a ee 1890—1894 York 5) ukeis acres trainee 1894— Belle Sid epenn ce hed tae AT6n Cts Ville; vines ene eee 1858—1860 Betideratin Wine ee re Diekinsons ee eo eee 1898—1901 NewS GU Heste rent. tesa sree 1901—1906 Berry;ile Bese ee AW Ie Sil Cesare 20 eee ie 1860—1863 Bickel eh See we ee tee Upper Bermudian... /.6274 2452-5 1908—1911 ING Wal rain clit eee eee eee 1922— Billtcimerss aes VOLKSS Pring sagen ees oe 1904—1910 Billheimer, Cahn side oot SHIP pensbure.. ae eee as eee 1868—1873 Birch, T. Brio t ete ds! Boiling Springs ier a yeh eh ee 1894—1896 Mechanicsburg, Irving College.. ¢ Bixlenerio Cyne ageee ee pVanchester] (ee sa sere ee -1893—1901 Blackll 7S ase at aint cme! Gettysburg sl risie sen ene 1893—1896 Blackwelder, IBY. INE, ee «New Ghester) sus) or ioe naa sed: 1866—1867 York PTLD SS ene el cae knee 1867—1870 Uppers trasburwareee f0uce oe 1876—1877 ATend tsVilig. te eee fermen 1877—1887 Bian kes). seen eee ne OTK Elavern em tern anne ame 1909—1911 Blint, EcH ee reser eshittlestown «SU tP ats sam ssa OOs ites Bonnell, W.S.092 00 (tet Ol SOL eee ene 1908—1910 Parr 6] ee ree ean eerie .. 1917—1920 BOWer EL atl ae eee ee OPK OSDUTS vere 2 ee ee ater 1921— York eWlessia live ee oe kee ela 1921—1923 Bowers. Ghote eee ee Upper Frankl ordosnowk eee 1886—1888 WiOrky > RL Uhe.s ah neg ee eres 1888—1893 Bowers; AP pense. eee Shippensburg Oda, bauk Fees 1918—1925 Bowersox, Genesee ODTCWSDULYP Rae tet ae a ee 1918— Bowersox, HD. : 3243 7% Rossvillesar ees ee eee ae 1911—1916 LY OLK; 4 tend) IGS: eee ee eee 1917—1925 PASTORS AND PASTORATES 133 SOW At tie ae es Chambersburg; Second... 2... 1849—1851 SOSA yt Shin he oo his ec Cettvsbiremsteelames p22) oo. 1923— Brame, (it ele cy aan Powernleranktordig; <.'9.:.l. 00. 1891—1921 Brandaw, dale TS eee Chambersburg, Second.......... 1844—1848 Breidenb ach, E Mee cha Newwillewe Zion sees: eee oes 1845—1849 . Greencastleverped. 15 htt ee et 1852—1865 CrEtiys DUtO es Ce Onesie ne Woes eo 1865—1872 1906 d Brerdenbach ewes Wiue tes. YOLKS STL GSW eee ee les het 1878—1882 PSTOUDEMIA LW taba oeeils De Dal Olle cme th atime Pa Reet 1922— eight hi ol id Rasa ie Sree pe Rossvallegieeew cect oes, 18, fercl.% 1867—1868 Dillsburgeie Weslo Pes > aa ee 1869—1871 1899 d Brmekman mAs Os... nce Chambersourceo.ecoude at anne 1853—1854 Is igan itn Ale, (Cam gee on ee CVU CNaeh eae Ree. Lago ark Beers, 1889—1891 NICKCETSDUTOMpemerg aia ee 1906—1907 d IS LOW Une) Sea ere reais woe be AW OLK ATO s. Resin nate ec eee 1848—1849 morkss G@haplaitiemewed alas eos, 1861—1864 Gettysburg I heos semis ee: 1864—1881 1882 d ESO eV Lp tie ie NCOLK ems lagi CLIC W.S- en ees 1921— se GtHI TVS ol beg oes apa ae Wire i isa] Geren, eiedieeai A 1890—1893 LW, OL KS PILUGS Senet ween ees 1900—1901 IB elnene jabs. PaADICkinconsas ee Petre tye. 1896—1898 d Burger, Sy (oar series IWLISS Ola Cee LCase, een eee 1898— Burkholder, Hi Bee ee CGreencast] Cc a areata Atty eke) 1918— Burnite, D. C.. York, St. Peter’s . .1906—1912 Bush, Taye ares oe, [SeMmlOv Gap eee one Milas ta, cate 2 1918— C (Coveney Jk 1 Cra ctr carne: COVER Vou ents See Sk ot 1844—1854 CH TISURI ED Meee Wirichts vile aaa ey ene 1852—1853 (CII NY L IDL ee ria eure eas SDE GACXTO VCs nena oka trate eee 1905—1914 large ie i peeie sek hes COLE 8 tly La CLG ws a eee ee 1903—1911 LALO wIaLL Ree ENS, eas Chambersburg, SeCOnC ae een 1876—1881 ING weO xi Orde see een e418 ol inn 1892—1893 ADDOLIStOWiipge tet ota. vanes 1892—1908 d EMICTICM@ Esse tates wed Chambersbure; second... a)... .) 1839—1840 PAU UZe ee) et eiah ht es ING WALL Gaeta we ton ered td tenes 1872—1873 Geltysburdms ta anesoetae aa 1904—1909 Gettysburg. Theo. Seminary....... 1909-1925 d (Cilsangtetgy 1a 0 UR rt he gran iierericele) Mice T ene. oe ANN Gey cnn ee AZ 1885—1890 (Po Diem OP) We anckk ek aunt Bencersya | lemme esse cea ay ean 1924— Coffelt; C: M pr FLOSSy ILC SMM parks: le tscle oae 1916—1920 Wrightsville Se gee ee 1920—1924 (Ole OR EL aite ton. Ach abate OUIN Cy ie eee eee ea eee 1908— Cook, EIS Peed cic seth i ELanovVeies LULU eee ee a ee, 1899—1904 (On Owe ver) be ye Rae ce Windsortrgy rises ti Gal oh cee 1862—1871 FROSSViLlCtln a ater eben ees 1872—1873 LY. OF ke COunl tee i ee eancn es cee 1873—1893 GOUraC erm eek tn eee UAT Ders Ouro a Mins tera t ween oa: 1864—1866 COON CT RIN LG eens 6 ie GrethysDUrom@ DCs pan ea aes 1901—1904 Gettysburg, Theo. Seminary... .1905— COFOSSULATI MY Late samen cee Mt. Holly, Boiling eee Peale 1878—1882 Grisshian Eee Ll ee eee Orc laven alin mei sha at 1899—1903 Crist, I: Bier io cee Dallasto wie Cpe te eee 1895—1897 Ole ele hee Ol DUOaSeehambersburd seme: 1892—1908 Cross, W.M ee TTECN COS OMe Maren Ca wk Gt (TLeenGastiasEiighsscChook eee 1905=- 1915 1918— 134 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Crousesaleiie ee tee pee Ste Chonvase tt Sei ee eae 1895—1903 Culler SV 2a oes ee ee IMercersbulgc ya mses eee see 1881—1890 Gullen Sh a cee ae Se@venay alleystr. sw oe 1918— D Daron thoes. ee (@arlislemsecond , os raeeee 1878—1883 TASER SS Sat eee cee erate Dewisberrvet 2ece, canoe sun eens 1859—1865 Prossville nie setae pees eee 1861—1867 New Market, W. Fairview...... 1867—1872 Wes UMEaIT Vi CWaa.t, een ee ees 1896—1901 Day, Gall Re tases: Uppersstrasburg: se eee 1903-—1905 Dean OSCls eee Planovers Stebatiliss ee eee 1924== DeiningereA G2 ee PasteBerlincdecn yet au. re see 1828—1853 ETSI ere la en Res ee oe eee 1835—1879 Baradises@ntisl, Gurl yaa 1828—1880 Deiningers Gale a eee MOTKRCOULLY new” oO eee 1852—1885 WanChestena:.2 te oe eee ee 1857—1865 HettrichJsak.-6 wee Dickinson: tay on a eee 1873—1876 Diehl CORWe wee ee Chambersburg, Second......... 1902—1908 Works brinit Vie anc eae ee eee 1925— DiehsSAtea eee ee Upper BranktOrd ee: pe eee eee 1875—1885 Bendersville eet eee 1902—1909 Mt Carmi cleeeen seyret cere 1909—1920 Dietinchaae eee. ee Riverton eae ae ee ee 1900—1902 New, Cilesteraseaeet eco ee 1906—1914 Diet lrichebi cen were cee Frossvilleey awit aoe eee 1887—1890 Dietterich ss Elsekoe eee Rossville: Se eee Cy eee 1876—1878 Dietzler 2) BM ee eae Dover Ses. sae a eee 1895—1905 Diffenderfer, G. M......- CarlislesPirstieaes ee ae ee eee 1900—1913 Carlisle, Sec. es Fund see 1913—1918 Chaplain: (U3 aA freee ee 1918—1919 Dolbeer4Wesblcee eee MtiHoliv: ne eee. ee 1914—1920 Drawbauche DP re MeConnellsburg Hee eee 1895—1900 DutGehi eer eee ee mlrasburg. 22 semen on nee 1866—1869 Hranktord selalnie| deena eee 1869—1874 West Halrview seus oe cae 1874—1875 Lowerelranklordsn eee ane 1875—1880 E Figcers\ Eons em Gee Carlisle sSecond re. garner 1870—1875 Ehrenfeld Gs ee ShipDenSDULG\ aie ee eee 1863—1865 Ehrhart rel eee ae sl rindlegs prin GS een eae ene eee 1908—1910 EbrhoarGeyis Crete: oe Dickinsonsay seer ee 1866—1868 West Dalvie Waanga ses neater 1886—1888 Ehrharteawe Lite ee CLLCLS Olli eet tee te er oe ee 1903— ElQiGeBie ys eee iArendtsville2 pear eee 1923— EndersG@r a WV eee ee Gellysbureestelames ees) eae 1873—1874 WOLKS-CDrIS tippers, acu hea 1882—1921 c Enders;'Giaw..) Jie yore Ealadisema. or ete ieee ee ee 1913— Fngle.Ocheee 4 Ne ee Carlisle seconds 4.48.0) see eee 1875—1876 Erhard, 2Ace a Ree Rossvillece sateeinn. tel ee 1883—1887 Ernes taki ielo% weer eee nen Bolingss priigsaeee on shaken 1903—1907 HIneyye eG. cack ae eee York, Elmwood Advent........ 1923— FissiGky Al epret sc cou ee RYOLK. ZIG Ree eee ee a 1849—1850 Gettysburg aot Jamnesys cn ee 1861—1864 Chambersburg yae. ay teas see 1883—1904 EV ans v5) Uheehie en ee ee NewvillesZione tee. oe eee 1852—1860 EvelerneGs Wie. arene Bossvilleck) cst nok centayer eas 1904—1910 PASTORS AND PASTORATES 135 Disha arew tele cai. een ss at 1913—1922 Eittlestowsae te. ObN Ss; 2 450 LO IU VGLOLU LEN 5 icky dn esate GTeencastlemereaae a wis. % . Lees 1870—1872 OGRA LOO sete Pra or la ae 1898—1914 d YS LCE a Cra exe 3 line DEVETRY HUleys ewer 16a An oe. 1884—1885 PONG UCE isl) et ran net el hia GOLUVSDULD Meme a ts eres 1860—1862 d PGW SLELMEIV eeeeet ott s, viec Caceres GGTOCICas tle ammmie rk hee Orne 1846—1849 INGweltranklinasts 2-5 tea ek 1846—1847 CCl re VON ea cs epee Clam bers bureiairstrpte ee 1853—1859 F Malkensceli¢rs.Orcee whe tee INGW Ville Ue edUl seyret ween 1924— Pastnacht..Ae Geers. 24. DOUMS Springs, VL tel Loll yas oan. 1873—1875 PCOPK 5 WOT OU art eae ett ene. Mixes 1877—1903 Salen OVGIs meets 4 Ret 1905—1916 VOLK pee eRe SURE AA 1 ee: 1916— TE ACOLE Pee ister nt Pah grt CSTCCTION LL [Semen sere eset Feet vane 1911—1913 SCATVIC Woe Mere ain oe ae tees ae 1913—1914 Eessol tse Ce ea tne oer Wic@onnelsburgete. ame eee 1907—1910 iclcunanee Willette. fehy OF Ke LU IOI een eet 2 en iets. 1914— elena Awe Cie ee ole fiir: ise bomass iNew .erankling ose. 1869—1871 DICKINSOUM eer trata ee 1871—1872 Dellon Wiigee a: ours eke = WestelalrvicWet eit. wk fede ec: 1882—1883 PIC (LEC fea er Ele cere nace « INICrCELSDUL CG Seemre nities a ee 1898—1905 Dickinson ree ie Can or 1901—1905 (EWG Y eo A ARG, Re ce eae Ree eg NiteSsiOnary LLCs tee eee 1920— SHG T ey Pit et ne Chambersburg, Second......... 1841—1844 PILL OC me Nt ew et foie ee DLLUISD UTR eee eed OF Met 1859—1864. Pelec lew Else wr et ce eee News Kings COnere re ae 1865—1871 INE WNILLGeZi0OD many ene eine. oe 1871—1872 Mechanicsburg, Trindle Springs. 1872—1875 ING WeISINSStON ners sere eee 1881—1899 HIeCoe Wats. cee eee Eo AIVive lc ureters tered 000th O08, Cac 1910—1917 TittLliestOw Nm taal Sania 1917—1918 CIOL Sli ae Geen ip pers Bermudianme rn meer ate” 1920—1924 d HIGLOMCE tee pie ase e 5. Benders ville ae eee 1910—1912 Hellam & Canadochley.........1918—1922 CGoldsborow Vita Z101is eee 1922—1925 " VECAET Olle tigate wie crook 1925— TOVEL aL) aD qanet fel aee Newville, Zion..... Feat eirc 1885—1899 Mochi GaGiee ty A... Dickinson tween ween chece tue, 1890—1893 d FOCI L pl) Midst ee tne SU EOI aS eee ewes ent tan eee 1853—1855 Fayetteville, New Franklin...... 1850—1853 TOC Ie al Veeeta te 8 Bera ot. DONS DUT oes ee aa ee el ee, ce, 1855—1859 INGwa Chester cree ted. tants Reel 1852—1856 Vic Gonnellsburcwam 6) . . e907 ia Viva a, ) Cle eee Doverss alent Get ons teats 1890—1895 IMiyerss Lae DIV ea ee CAetIrOC Kaas Jet Mier. wee wimoten ae 1918— Mc McGarney, Gs Ea ate ee eh astern. yak eam eon rene 1913—1917 Mc Garney,: Jia Cc bene ane AY OF KGL TA Ven ee atrel rte ere. 1904—1907 Quickel’sts h.Wes oie ch ee) re McGaughey tin Gee Nie GonnellsbUrosse one 1891—1894 Mchenry ta eee ee MeConnellsburesn i tex2y et ee 1854—1859 St. Thomas, New Franklin...... 1859—1866 West -Halrviewe. 5. atgece phe enue 1881—1882 Quincy area eee eee AS. see 1888—1889 IVIGKCnT ONT EING\WVicee re INewvViuUlley 210 eta e eee e 1867—1870 NMeaucil ines tae ne eee Wrighisvilleiee ees a yee we eee 1864—1866 NVicSirerr ye: Cra Wrcre oe Benders wile ees cn, ee 1883—1890 Boiling Springs: see... 2 eee 1898—1903 N Nashald#h) Ps G. qs ons Carlisle BSCCON Cs er teateana meet 1854—1857 INICebyas Gee eee area Sete INewvillemZiontran se ae 1905—1908 HanoversStsgy alls sae ee ee 1912—1925 Nichole Weber. cos wae Uppers trasbutro 23h © eee 1905—1907 New: Ghesterni ae tains eae 1914—1917 Sylwan sees see el kn creer 1917—1919 INicholast J Gens) ween Chambersburosshirsts te 1915—1918 Ghia plainseere se: AY LAS a eae: AO 1918— INicholaste ahaa atau West Fairview oe a0) aoe 1890—1896 Niedécker*. atu 05. 2) cae Chambersburgessecond aes ei 1875—1876 NitterauerG.N2om 2s New Kingstone creer ae 1854—1858 IN GILES Wie eal eee Manchesterayeee eat oto eee 1905—1907 O Oi cermivictees ae ee eae York, Sec. Home Missions...... 1870—1871 OTAVIN er eee Mechanicsburg, Trindle Springs. 1875—1895 d OT Wide tiles ee ae gee ee Abbottstown, New Oxford...... 1878—1884 Osterlohye J ery an. os wee YOKE COUN by eee eee ee 1829—1835 Oswaldy Jonathans-3. sway Ole Cli pis crenata 1828—1836 Yorks te baul:c ee ae eeae ee 1836—1862 Kreite Creekit sais cckcee artes 1862—1875 Oswald aoe 2 era VOLK etek Aaa MR as si errers Me 1840—1876 d Owens A Wee aun Stouchstowne a -ees a0 eee et 1864—1866 2 Parker .GrGre- nee oe eee Coldtsprings mane ae rAd eee 1910—1911 Parr aA MARIE oe oe DIS CLO. C7 ener ee ee 1890—1905 BarsOl sts Hae ae ea ee EUTIN legs DIGS aye eee ee 1902—1908 Parsons Gavan oh ee TLanover a teevlarkssants 2 dae eee 1868—1875 P eberses Wer lel eee aris 2 eres Chanceford ayer ie eee tee 1920—1923 Petermanah.. 2.5.10 PV LCCON DELS UT tates ee eee 1912—1916 Pfahlen Nil ioe. ace eS DET RVs Wares a een ee See 1865—1867 POIT oe Wate einer eee Mancheostengestteg) 00 t .ees 1882—1892 —1912 d POtts As Oregon INewabrankdint. ets ener 1911—1919 Pritchardanl eG.) see Mechanics buro hugh 2. aan ate 1868—1871 Probst. | soca at tae re ee Gettvsburgue.ti ae eee eee Ae 1870—1875 PASTORS AND PASTORATES 143 R Reel) Vestweewsee gc i fo é.5.0s Wirightsvillenpeerme cn ceo. ok 1858—1860 NewsU hesterze eens oe ae, 1860—1866 Preeactimisseny G4, 4, etalk New wiHewzion ew ntss 22) ee aie. Po ee Chay peer ee ia betes § (STEGREASUICMANIM en Br Lita en ae 1833—1835 PVG CCAV MW Aletsc cscs sie oe Vi tealtollypeten ee rat 3 oe 1901—1908 Hlanoveresteraul swear ie hee 1908—1924 RCC St pV Vets Oe. cys lakes Gua WV OFS DIN Goer te meets criaat. 2 fy: 1889—1899 Bayete villeeen mew ara, tach aa 1905—1914 Peel oiard ees, 6. r soe S CACAO OG sre wee teeter sd, agit ames 1904—1907 BROUIT UZ SL tare 8 nk iNew Chester qiemete} s+. eee, 1880—1882 Repass, TN pee: INTER CETSDUTO( me mira nen ne een: 1918—1924 Rhoades, Gren saree oe Ghambersburda seconds... nF ae 1864—1871 Rhodes, CAWayeetce ip pers rag Ur oei ar: sme ee 1884—1889 (EROS, AY EA ae een eae Wirightsyill eee ce ht, ethan 1866—1867 Bendersville? eyeerea a 1890—1894 ISA Koee So ieal BE 6 Bap a A LCCTHO VG ert ee elt acca etal nalye 1907—1912 Richard, Bib pene Chambersburg, Second. ........ 1924— Rightmey Sit: AOS eae eae ae INI eCRANICS DUT Supe ane epee Sie ee 1856—1861 O UIT CVE ree a Pie ters to) bee cate 1874— XI eel woe once ae Gettysburg, College............1911—1912 BAT ber ea (om leet cn ae le Havyellevilles et ces het. ae 1894—1896 Lear eld tenes Peed sean Ges nee eran! 1903—1909 YOTIMES Um eleiage eam tonne oe 10 1916 Leh 4 4 Bh On yh ee ree MIOLKer > DATOS eine ews Bae 1925— EOD mnt: Western ets, IN we Kan cst Onmemnin ten tcc ioe 1912—1916 Romig, IVER SS ee se ge ke ahs AS ING WELTan KILI sa grt te ok ce 1894—1898 Wig nchestenh wee once 1902—1904 BrOsCU DOL Ow Jens meee s eal a DICK inSO ree tes, ree ee 1843—1852 POcenimilleme.) | Daria see ren CV Lame ZO ae neue te eo ctf ol: 1832—1840 Hanover, and St. John’s Lattleslowiners a tes a 1851—1856 DOU MCTEIA Weenie. vee. a) ATEN tsvilleteveaee eee ee eh 1851—1858 Mercersburg, Loudon, McConnellsburg eS ke eee): 1859—1862 Chamibersb urge: seen se se eae ree 1883—1899 d TEWO 18}, 0 )el Ot ao ee lin, Sear pilvertia Unseen ns ey Oe ae 1881—1883 Chambersburgebitst. es a) 1908—1915 d POUL OCK Hotell rs ie mk an S Ca Thom a seraeeeee aces Beet 1835—1836 WicConnellshUrd geen tee es 1835—1837 VOW Cope La treba atl: IndieyaViissionaryer: Saar ee 1873—1882 d ee Lue Creme #h yas. sk Lanoverss tlViatthew Se 44 a.) 1905—1906 3 an NO) Mey ied MOE Scr, a Acorelnios wine SAN LAGEKG FECTM NAY Dood Bhs ieee ee Upper Frankiordsyees 4.55 cee 1921—1923 URCLOUD ee uae A tots tee est ee | ORTHO VILCe Mee ee oy th 1912—1913 Picuuid iseiiewnwe. tae CreLbysburg este) anes a see 1832—1836 Ves GV an Gli eras eee ern eee 1843—1845 Wirt ots vill Caeeanenetmeets ¢ yen ee 1856—1858 Littlestown, St. John’s..........1857—1858 —1859 d Puen rauiey Ohno 8s. 4..,: Greencastle eveas we wees os See 1825—1833 Stor Oma sae Aer gree eee hs ee 1830—1833 Ruthrauissonathan...... Hanover, Abbottstown, Lattlestown mae ee 1825—1836 Newe Oxtord ee eres ae 1829—1836 S SVMs GIS g ELS A ee Shin Dens DULL meen ae ee ee 1849—1852 144 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Sahinis Pike ehes te diene aeee S We CNOMAS sci cece tae eee 1837—1840 Greencastle, New Franklin...... 1840—1845 Salemasls. Gi tks s aes ee BUC OLOLC. gis aterts ite tea eee 1899—1903 SEMseaniog NN a YOLK, UVESsial Pretoria ae eee a 1923— Sanders! abies Gettysburg, College.....:......1923— Scliseiters’ Cath a peer eC AL iis lea bran kT Orcas. reer a 1830—1834 Gettysburg, St. Paul’s (German) acting pastor...... 1859—1865 Schantze) Eitik..s ep eke ete OGRLUPCCCLOL 2: ay ee oer eee a 1895—1904 SchereraiMeGs Gree Ale! Ue LLOL Vawter tp oes a oe ae 1890—1893 Schérer2 Wee heves yele Lait Ore tee ae eet eh ee 1887—1902 Scheurer 12a ae 7A DDOLES LOND. 5 ie eater eee enone Ne 1839—1842 SCONGACNUTCH AM mene he kien 1848—1872 Hanover, New Oxford..........1849—1850 ScHinGle: CoN. ee Dallastow nae ete en tee 1913—1915 Schindler) # test ate ae FlanGverm@o.ceNVlarkis coed. wee 1876—1883 ETAT O Vek DGC aeeen ee 1890—1893 Schlager’ GaVis s: 5) aa Catlislos Second marr.» ...1861—1862 SChmic 4 Geren eee Carlislesssecond aeca. v4 neat 1875—1876 SCUAIG Ue ies Caner n eee CGarlislew eCOld eat. eon ht cme ee 1869—1870 SCHINUCK Che aiCy mae eee AOL Ky CULS ba eemeranrer ee tn 1825—1836 Quickelisny eer re ea Aas See 1842—1852 SCOMUCKCEsS 1) sae Scholl, G SCHOCK ey WOR ete ee, Schoppe, aro: schultz= Wire Schulze, W Cre! wt te schwankoosky, Coa. saa. Schwartz, 1) aera ease eaes SCOUEMVVRnLD ones Claw ad SeGriste: oa eee Seidel, W. C Seifert,-H Sell, A Settlemyer, W. H sharp bla. shatto, Mey heaters Gb aeee ween <4 Shearer, T. E:... Sheeder, B. R. M ePet ce) fat tell ie) 6 i pelt cevg wife ne ore: TPE OM BO g et Vehieh on ie etre) .'6: Sechristi (ae \\ee tea ito! 6: (6. re) fe mel omiswep e. © #58) set se 8 se, 4) Joy ei tw © (0 os, ena (OM wr L@ yel 6) eh © fe) eke! ie Sharp svt ees one) (0) wl «yee Gettysburg, Theo. Seminary. . . .1826—1864 —1873 Panoverrote ack se ete eee 1884—1887 Secy. Foreign Mission Board... .1887—1923 Cham bersbures its tae) eee 1850—1852 Garlisles Secoird fe. a eee 1868—1869 Upper ptrasburomere. cet eae 1925— NeConnellsburciepe as ae ee 1825—1832 (Chambersburg second an eines 1851—1852 WestManh Girne eres 1845—1848 Bendersvilleyaeen i eee 1916—1923 Getty sbur oases ea te cena 1923— Streasbureeeeiee iy seo) ae ee ees 1835—1838 > Chan CelorCitesre ee re eee ee 1904—1912 Sylvan Miele ries eerie te 1912—1914 JoWirightsvilleaeaeee cee ee 1872—1875 KrentziG recline ne ee eee 1875—1889 Mublen berg eee 1891—1892 Westaltarnviewtie 1. al. wae 1888—1890 Carlisle, Second..........,.....1890—1895 Ross willeast i ieee eee ee 1869—1871 —1905 Dillsburg aes ue ae a eee ar 1876—1887 ColdesS prin Oster ener eee 1912—1916 Gold Springsegee vara eae 1904—1909 Rossville seme Sey mee eee 1851—1853 Dillsburg Wireless eee ee 1872—1873 INew IAIN oSston meine ee eee 1873—1875 INew* Ghesterdi..0.) ®t oe 1875—1879 EB etl ng ite eae ie, eee 1880—1887 Paradise; Chiicu Church an ee 1881—1888 Upper:Bermudian: . 3), eben 1896—1899 Wiechanicsburg tine sate eee 1912—1920 Enola sie putes oie rags ot kee 1910— Dallastown, 20s sn yes et eee 1889—1892 aN ew In gstons. ce oe ee 1871—1873 Trindle: Springsse.2 aa. aaa ee 1911—1913 FLIINCIEG SS OT OS aim aren cre eee renee 1900—1902 PASTORS AND PASTORATES SO COUGL ln Mie ras Bie Se ee Wppen.Bemniicians orate Siiverbivome Grettysburg.1. 20 SL LEN cd God Does eee WestVianhelmi ie weve ss ois. New: Oxi Onder manta = aoe scale ae Satie tee | baa aes noi DD CRED EeaSDUl Orem: thea tak St..Thomas, New Franklin... ... PeniglViat ee: bt seer eae esc ccd oe SSIIEC GCs bd Mel eee cece te INewelingetonsereenatra ice on Si GIO s LOL er amare New. Chesterwaaiican, comet. who. Shracder, habs)... a8... Chanibersburg second: a4: SS TULL (ed kL eeneee ee Ree oo) Chancel ord avenger sons 2 ae [ee Dan Olibaer net eat ae Goldsborowvite 7100 ee, ee AD PeLLR ranki OL eae kt, SAAR) bey Mop eerie ab Awe Getlysbur sare nea. See STC Rk Oo See ey Ee St. Thomas, New Franklin...... LOM Oller cece nies ae ae aye levilleveer se een BRM SOD gra Wace sie eke Ca Dla eeep ewes pale eee ety SENG eer el encay . oeuaae NOW RESIN OS LOU eye re ae ene nate Sliema Wreath Sons Wp pemberniudinn wae ae. Dpperstran kiordener anche! SUSU GMAS. Leese ne: wane |< SUE LUU Lm LO rien ys Drew ot ng: Shippensburg, Strasburg........ SU aD OM AG teen eek er enero © CITEGENCASL LCi recat sk en cae Cham bersbur sen sage sere See Vie ee weet a DDE TANKIO‘G. went. prot aes ING Wel reeGdOnvas. hea ce tec yt DOA Re oe TiOsey lene emer a Rea nen tae SHUG SSS OD, es aeeee! Upper Bermudian, Idaville...... Sy Ler ee VVNE rk, Re ates log bl OTIS Aemeee heir a ths Ke es IMercers hte Meese eters ace! cnt ege SOIPPeNnsHUlO. we wae cone ere. Sa NCLED AVI fo, tes phim Wewel rankings ta, er ete ae SHWETA oe le ere haa Upper Strasburg, Orrstown...... SUV OCI MVE e es ter ae SULASDUTE yas eisaceere eae Teale Arend is Villegas Meee. Abbottstown, New Oxford...... DO Cheri a bern! eet AVLISSLONOTY., LNG laveer ty eee a et (Olds DOr mV lie 7101 weer ee Spangler WaiVit: .af vo. SEVEN alle ysaue ere ke ee Ce maWRt Gas hoe sree: OUINC Vanes on ia nee Cnet SP LCCHOI Ge ie pa ictera: Chambersburcmbirstss sae te oe SPrecler oul ewan tr Garlisle Ser ee, me vate ca. eile da Stahler, W. E.. e_OUIPPensDUTS. eee io seen ess SLALE MENG ont Sek eer ts oy oper Pranktordaevr. sae. Kreutz: ree tame an treet ciate eee DIGKinsOnee eee ie a ee Goldsboro," York Haven..¥% 2... DtauilerableAS. 1 eeu es Chambersburg. secondass a... - SH AUTLC IAM ae Cry nica eect ee TT OOLN st Ila bee Lanes Pee ans ek, VIAN CheS tei ee are ent at ee Work blaventteseer ten ore ck INewe Chester sherbet ene Starcy léw si wee eared See Siconersliy.Gr nto. YY OLR CLOWN ye cae te ok ko eeeaen 14 1881—1884 1884—1896 1915—1917 1920-3 1869—1872 1872—1884 1905—19038 —1912 1899-1905 1885>=—13895 18s9s——1901 1912-1919 NS RS PA 1921—1922 1923—1924 LSID LOLS TOD Dee OOo 1910-1923 LOO 1877-1881 1894—1896 1903—1911 LOL 1— 1839—1842 1843—1846 1845—1846 1846—1850 1912191) UP ea 1890—1894 1911—1914 1900-19 UL ISL Lolo 1915—1918 1889-—1891 1895-1903 1860—1866 1866—1873 1575-1317 1902 1910—1924 1925— 1907—1910 130921005 1843—1849 1865—1868 1887—1894 1888—1891 1892—1897 1907—1915 1917—1919 1911—1914 1904—1908 1908—1912 1914—1917 1918—1921 1922—— —1831 d 146 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Steciks pA Ta aan ee sternal, Fe Sterner, Stock SCoiVisrns x. SECC oat as Stockslager, E Stoever, Stroh, M. I CAEe es tis pGettysburg, Siw aes aes | oe 1894—1903 MOrkK« LIN LOn Be Wi come eee 1903—1914 Gaitlisl6. First? Wtaowhy nag a2 ees 1914— 1 ery Gettysburg, St. James’... ......1875—1881 Shippensburg: Vinee ee Lee ee 1853—1855 Gham bDersburg sat 16 lara eee ean 1860—1864 rey Em ADBOtIStOWIiacaweet ae 1aue ee LO Ade <2 Lower Frankford.) \2p.0e! (2-6 cl OO2—. boa peste te Hanover, otallark’ si ee ee kn Os ie —1913 esas Sulphur Springs: 47... ..«¢..:... 18641868 Oxford sgh. 212 ae 6s eee tes 1868—1871 pevenny alleys Maier co a ene 1874—1875 Wie bisvillem ae ncn, <5) jeneian 1882—1886 Hlanoveray. Wien ea eee 1887—1900 the alae Carlislezot) Paul Sic sees en 4 OO tees Mgseeken MUP JOW ON 9. 4 ee toe ee one Pine even Trindle Springs... 9s xs pee LOO Oe aa —1880 Ra fs: Missionary, Indiaiie.: ved «cep eee ast Newville; Ziont)o. 2.34 ok ins O20 tae Shippensburg, Upper Strasburg. . 1830—1839 Mechanicsburg, New Kingston. .1839—1846 Nee MEP Trindle;Sprimgs ia) « eee -1829—1830 Jee Carlisle, Second.....:..........1860—1862 iets eiett Dillsburgeie] wines Seis ee LO iA ine G. Pigs i eg nae orca te gt Ra SEAS Sa Ne > bt . S. Hartman, President. W:. -Goodliny DoD? Cora sec. He Miss: A. Gotwald, D.D., President Bd. Home Miss . L. Baugher, D. D., Editor S. S. Literature. . J. Woif, D. D., Prof. Theological Seminary. C. Koller, Member Bd. Home Miss. A. W. Rallye President Ch. Ext. ie Tot hteen Dab: 89. A. D. Rowe, Missionary to India. iWGilikere 1D). 1D), Died during Convention. W. Tressler Ae) eA S DEY Saweweea,. 10), 1D AME 10), (Cy Ukeyedn W. Enders A Deere ee) Sie ee) ee Ds J. Metzler 43. C. J. Deininger » Ie Culler 44, H. Seifert Klinefelter AD se lee Williams Ort 46. M. Snyder Daron Al he SeCrist D. Weigle, Secretary 48. M. J. Alleman Breidenbaugh, Treasurer 49. D. M. Blackwelder . C. Holloway 50.) JH) Re) Fleck Jellaverws) a> 51. B. F. Alleman Stock SP lg) 1B, Wika Anstadt 53. J. W. Breitenbach . L. Heisler 54, SS. WAL Diehl! P.° Orwig 5s De Schindlers Dea DD. Sell 56, Ay H: Shertz Sheeder Bie A Srbaraye) Conoway 58. W. F. Rentz G. Fastnacht 59. J. Forthman J. Watkins 60. E. Lenhart Kistler 61. W. Keckler . A. Letterman 62. J. A. Metzger T. Williams Gay, 1b, 1B, AVON hE Seeds 64. C. E. Keller J. Hesson 65. J. W. McSherry E. Honeycutt 66. M. D. Gaver H.Ketterman 67. E. Felton W. Slaybaugh 68. .J. A. Sterner d PASTORS AND PASTORATES 147 ath Mt orbs og? FIPPY- RIGHTS ANNUAL CONVENTION Of The WE BST sic. ey, Loe Seb ee Convened at Liitlestown, Pa, (See names on opposite page) 148 History OF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD # CHIN pA Jeger eos eee KOssvillé.oy 73 ee eee 1881—1883 NOL Ka PIEIOS.bid 4 epee ee 1883—1885 (DUICR ELS. s cade host ae eee 1890—1922 SUNDAY, | Wall) oe ayia DelsOUCd S> et On Cee ame 1919—1922 SULEOD Wes). eee eae: COTCO UAT AIL cence ee ite at ae 1917—1921 Or GAUSSDULC were a fy Ae ee 1917—1921 POssvillegs lips shims er ree chs 1925— Waltz, o) one 0 eee Cathislesre oe atc ga ate eee 1868—1871 Gettysburg, St. James’.........1881—1894 Swope.) lee ee eee Dickinson: ih cate eee 1877—1881 SWOODG). WV alee Ganippiiil) seers eae eee eee 1924— ; ae “Cholants 3 hee tt ce eee Biglerville Ween Aer eewene ae at 1918—1924 ‘Thomas, Ate oe oe U Diels bermudiantee see tener 1877—1881 se HOMAS wig ee eee LY OT Kt Ga CLC Sse eee ae 1892—1903 Boilingesprimgeve.e e e e 1910—1914 Chambersburs,-sécond: 4.8 1914—1918 Boiling prin see wees ee ae 1923— sL-HOLD A) 8 Vien eee en ene Carlisles see) hata. eee eee 1845—1848 ELIE US Wal eat cw ean tree Stoughstowni- week ce ee 1855—1856 CPOMCIS MSs ee ne eee Tlanover, otelViark’s eae eee 1925— Omi nsOn we eeareee eee Abbottstown, New Oxford...... 1884—1892 BLTAD Wi ce ee a ee ee VOrks Gris tyes. (anne eee 1922— rei bley a) asa ne ING welingStOngees see rae 1918— LUressler Js ee tere ee Wiestgh alr viewer ne. eee 1877—1880 Goldsboro:2ea ae a een 1880—1883 roster eee. eee DY] Van eet non ae nae 1891—1893 New Kingstone eee. ee 1906—1907 sLEOSULC FOL SAV s Cee es, Dillsburg weir ver cree 1907—1913 Upper Bermudian: st). vrs ae 1925— U Wich sees er. eee INewiGhesterias:..t cae arene eee 1843—1852 Ulrich’ Jee ta tase Carlisle: sherem cae eigenen ee 1834—1842 YOLK SDIINGS ae ey ee ee 1842—1855 SHIPPENSDULSs ee, meee | ere 1855—1859 Frankford & Sulpher Springs. . . .1859—1862 Ulich eS Si yaaa Dickinsonegs aye ee 1894—1896 Lebanonyg seu, re ene ee 1900—1901 V VianO rider ee vet ionel> eee SHIPPeOSDUIg. eee ee eee 1909s oie W Wagner, eAGHe eee ee ee GrCllysDUroeG.0 01s eee oan eee 1913— Wagner Pi) 422 ee ee VOLK (GTACE serey ane e Me ee 1918—1920 Wagner, R&S er oe ee ON Claret <1OLO ree ities «acre ee 1922— Walters Gi. me new Wonk cstehadlcom eee oe anes 1898— WaarnermAviN vere chase eel ISO aan ree ees Wee oe eee 1864—1868 Manchester, sew ii ane eet ne 1868—1871 allastowi ae ee eee 1871—1882 Wea vere Cre Aue ake ee, Wirth ts valle aech rie eee 1867—1871 Elan O Vel sist 2 ae ee en, Aten eee 1882—1887 WedekindwAt Gene cte we New lt ranklint= see ene 1849—1850 Bayettevilles# ts: beck ee ee eae —1849 Weeter 0 Wh aiee et cet New Kin Sstone qe eee 1905—1907 PASTORS AND PASTORATES 149 Wy la) FORA bred, og ec ee TOSS vlan arene haart. 1837—1841 Grettyobure mere sae. cn red ee 1841—1857 d DVI OO gth el) Nokes wc. ota te rtilestoviiees teal Steen ee 1877—1887 Mechanicsuulom tite pas tee ee 1896—1912 COT tial LE, Coenen. aac e cen ae 1912—1923 d PN CLIN Gl al eg eet atk ie cas, 7 LC UN O ements Seer tales Shen te, 1917—1919 BOUNCES Pros ees ee te ee 1919—1920 DNCISCl es Liman fate sc, nie ait. SUSCNONIAS weer eat ete sa tee 1833—1835 Mercersburg, McConnellsburg.. . 1832—1834 RVGM LOW red ees her ad hen: Strasbuce ms Di¢kinson..c 46 1856—1858 NV CV Unite ens eer e LOLLY SDULE 55 LJ AOS 7 dean, 1830—1832 York Springs, New Chester..... 1839—1842 WITeLStONe Ae VV obras VLCLCELGDUTO Mier nue nies 1864—1871 Wie wCniGs. eer Dam bersbureeUrinity a ieee 1900—1909 Vem SE aereee secranc hs Carlisl erat. ser ae, oc tear eee 1885—1899 d Wy Lesies Comb eeniaas feo. 2 Bate ELOSSvillecey seat, eaten eee nee: 1896—1901 Viol LE Nive Ka eh, My) Ala Wat OA West ivi annette renner ne 1842—1843 NCOLKS SD GIN OS we weean eee ee tin lear 1855—1860 VETTE ATIS we) oie lace) eee, on Shippensburg, Strasburg........1843—1849 EY OL Gt ye hk tere ote tase ens 1878—1883 d Walliatiow lowe lwered whet New. Drank iiesen eerie te ees 1846—1849 Littlestown, St. John’s..........1870—1874 DEVELO Gys gamete raise hth 1875—1881 d VET LOT Laas Lote Me spa LA OSS Vile gen ome aries) a, chee ee 1874—1876 NicGonnellsb rca teen re 1876—1880 RWC em VVint Cntr ne net erga, LtLeStow no baled ulcer eee 1887—1892 Littlestown, St. John’s..........1893—1897 d WRT ot Op A ere PA DDOULSLOW I eee ee nee nee 1846—1850 © News Oxford ees erie eee 1850—1852 DWiLiCh haber meres: foe Canlislesoecondiceva.) Sains. 1885—1886 WLULICI 8 Pony ee ane 3 Carlisle. Sec Ole eeiensrts ae 1883—1885 VIOLA fe Cae ts hg eae ates NeConnelishuromer et a0) 1900—1906 We aIrview rant aire ees 1906—1917 Wie bat) erro eae 7, Gettysburg, Theo. Seminary... .1874—1895 d WO A BSc eigen unt eee era Glens oCki ae). mean talent 1877—1918 1923 d WY Olteg GB ei are ae Seo NVIISSION ALY LU Gla, ee eee 1883—1907 Sec. Foreign Mission Board..... 1908— VW DI Bos © une iceanie eae Chambersburgaseconds «aa 1861—1864 DVOIIMIN GOs cath «op a one aheveee « SHTews DUC Vcr epee een ee mre 1907—1911 VOLT GR eR Wen eue os mere, 86. Upper branktordieess res © 1916—1920 MUCHO Yy at ya eter oe ee 1920—1922 RVOLCe Dit Lm Wise eee rea WS cILVICW seeker Meee ay, 1902—1906 ETolara tet pomseere ters.ck ret een cree. 1906—1910 vi NCE el Onis Se eek Garlisles Secon diene... wn eee 1857—1859 Dies Perens Get tas @arlisle second hes. cee eres 1862—1864 DUO CIN OS eee Le eas: & Piano vere bavlalthewid. eee 1865—1877 COLI OMe Plea Miers or RVI CS OY cia ae, ce iad WE ee rs 1920— IZ ENGL EAA DEE Se eee MER rLolly ce eee ees rs: 1894—1897 Rossy lleerre en ee gen ene 1901—1903 ATI eC Alle Ll aL aoe MeL ILIS UTS seks eee Rene. 6 eens 1903-—1905 Dickinsqnim.s ess ara ites ee 1905—-1906 Zimmerman, MF... ... GeltVsDUTU at peel et ae Ak a 1884—1886 d JANN a bys Meas ie Sane Chambersburg g second saa 4 1871—1873 150 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD - MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES A large part of the later history of the West Pennsylvania Synod was made by the useful service of ministers who are not at this time in charge of active pastorates. They include among their number some of the oldest and most honored of our clerical roll, and are therefore entitled to the first place in the following chapters of biograpbical and historical sketches. In this list of “Ministers without Charges” there will be found also sketches of some of the very active younger men who are engaged in educa- tional and missionary work. In Chapter XV the sketches are not arranged in alphabetical order, but in the order of seniority in the ministerial service. Among them are brief biographies of men that have held places of conspicuous usefulness, not only in the Synod but in the general work of the Lutheran Church in America,—Presidents and Gen- eral Secretaries of Home and Foreign Mission and Chureh Ex- tension and Educational Boards; Professors in our Theological Seminary and College at Gettysburg; and Missionaries actively engaged in the work of our Foreign Board in India. These sketches are necessarily autobiographical, thus insuring accuracy and the statement of such activities as are of most im- portance; but all have had more or less editorial touching up to accord honors that might otherwise have been modestly un- mentioned. CHAPTER XV MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES REV. GEORGE SCHOLL, D. D. Rev. George Scholl, D. D., was born April 22nd, 1841, near Connersville, Indiana, being the next to the youngest in a family of ten children, of whom he is the only one still living. The names of his parents were Jacob and Elizabeth (Reed), whose an- cestors came from the Black Forest in Germany in the year 1750, and settled in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. They re- moved to Indiana in 1833, when that part of the country was still new and comparatively un- improved. Quite a colony of relatives made the journey with them, the head of the under- taking being the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, John Jacob Scholl, who served in the war of 1812. He died in 1869 in his ninety-seventh year. Jacob Scholl, the father, who was born in 1804 and died in his ninetieth year, lived upon the same farm for sixty years. ‘The parents were devoted members of the Lutheran Church and brought up their large household under the reign of law as well as the gospel, administering a strict discipline not unlike that of West Point. Daniel, the oldest son of the family, was also in the Lutheran ministry. He died in 1923, in Seattle, Washington, in his ninety-third year. These colonists from Eastern Penn- sylvania were really the founders of the Lutheran Church in Cen- tral Indiana. The school advantages of that day and locality were quite meager, being limited to two and a little later on to three months in the year and, at best, were of an inferior character. In view of this condition of things Daniel had been sent from home to an academy for two years, after which he served as the teacher 151 152 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD of the younger members of the family as well as of his parents who, up to that time, spoke only the German Language. After a course of thorough instruction in the catechism by the Rev. Solomon Wiles, George was confirmed at an early age in St. Paul’s Lutheran Church at Lyonsville, Indiana. Not con- tent with the meager and elementary training of the public schools, the lad at the age of fourteen was sent to a distant academy and afterwards to a high school where he pursued advanced studies, after which he enjoyed the incomparable benefit, which is the boast of many successful men, of teaching school for three terms. During the winter of 1860-61 he took a course in a com- mercial college in Cincinnati, Ohio, after which he was employed for a time in a large business house in that city. His heart was set on entering the legal profession and a year was spent on Black- stone when, to complete his preparatory course, he entered Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, where he acquired his first knowledge of Latin and Greek under the tuition of Prof. David Swing, later the famous preacher of Chicago. But the Head of the Church had planned for him another career and led him by unexpected paths to an institution of his own church. In 1864 he entered the freshman class of Witten- berg College, Springfield, Ohio, and four years later carried off the first honors of his class. His fellow students elected him as the debater of the Excelsior Society in their literary contest. His theological course under Rev. Samuel Sprecher, D. D., LL.D., was brief, but with such a teacher time becomes an indifferent factor. The impress of the learned and gifted professor was left on the mind of the scholar and he left the Seminary at Springfield, Ohio, deeply realizing that his theological studies had only been begun. During the latter part of his college course and while in the Seminary he preached fifty-seven times, being called upon to supply different churches within a radius of one hundred miles of Springfield. His first pastoral charge was at New Philadelphia, Ohio, an old congregation that had enjoyed the services of distinguished preachers. He began his labors here March 29th, 1869, and on relinquishing the same after two years and seven months left an active and united congregation and a handsome new church erected at a cost of $15,000.00 during his pastorate. In November, 1871, he became the first pastor of the newly organized Second Church in Altoona, Pa. The work was com- menced. with a charter membership of twenty and with a like number, counting officers, teachers and scholars, in the Sunday School. This church enterprise, though humble in its beginning, through the devotion and liberality of three outstanding members, D. K. Ramey, William Bell and J. B. Wesley, was self-sustaining from its beginning. The rented hall was soon outgrown and a large church, costing $25,000.00, was built and occupied in part MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 153 during a pastorate of two years and nine months. It was the privilege of the first pastor of this church to preach the twenty- fifth anniversary sermon in 1896; and the rare privilege of preach- ing the Fiftieth Anniversary sermon in 1921 when the church that had grown from a membership of twenty to one thousand and fifteen celebrated its GOLDEN JUBILEE. On the removal of Dr. E. J. Wolf to the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Rev. Scholl became his successor in the Lombard Street Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md., a church which had en- joyed the ministration of such divines as Drs. C. P. Krauth, J. A. Seiss, Joel Swartz and others well known throughout the church but which, notwithstanding the unfavorable changes in that lo- cality, never had a period of larger prosperity than during his pastorate of almost ten years,—a period longer than any to which his distinguished predecessors had attained. From Baltimore he removed to Hanover, Pa., where he was pastor of St. Mark’s Church for three years. About this time Western Maryland College conferred on him the title of Doctor of Divinity. During his pastorate St. Mark’s Church was re- dedicated after having been remodeled at a cost of over $12,000.00. At the meeting of the General Synod at Carthage, [linois, in 1877, Rev. Scholl, together with other brethren in Baltimore and Washington, was appointed a member of the Board of Foreign Missions. After serving ten years as Recording Secretary the Board elected him as its General Secretary. He resigned the pas- torate of St. Mark’s Church, Hanover, Pa., and on January Ist, 1887, took charge of all the clerical and executive work of the Board. During his sixteen years of service in this capacity he traveled from fifteen to eighteen thousand miles a year visiting the churches and presenting the cause of Foreign Missions. Dur- ing this period he represented the Board at all the Biennial Con- ventions of the General Synod; attended and addressed the various Student Volunteer Conventions in the United States and Canada; the annual conferences of the Boards of Foreign Missions of the United States and Canada, held in New York City, of which Con- ference he was president one session; and the World’s Ecumenical Conference in Carnegie Hall, New York, where he made three addresses. He was the editor of the foreign department of the MISSIONARY JOURNAL eighteen years and a frequent con- tributor to the church weeklies confining his productions mainly to foreign mission issues. In the summer of 1896, through the liberality of a friend, he was enabled to make a European tour, visiting England, Holland, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and France. During his ad- ministration the missions in India and Africa made notable prog- ress. A goodly number of missionaries were sent to the field, the College and Woman’s Hospital in India were successfully launched, and for the completion of the college building he was in- 154. History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD strumental in securing a gift of $10,000.00 from two of his former parishioners, Mr. Gerald 8. Watts and his son, George W. Watts. In 1923 he retired from the work after being in the service of the Board for twenty-six years. Owing to a serious accident, sustained while traveling in the interests of Foreign Missions, Dr. Scholl has been incapacitated for pastoral or otber work requiring physical activity. However, he has not been idle. For four years and four months he was Superintendent and Business Manager of the Franklin Square Hospital in Baltimore. In 1907 when Concordia Church, belong- ing to the Joint Synod of Ohio, became vacant he was called upon to supply the pulpit until a pastor could be secured. He con- tinued in this relation to the church for five months in which time the congregation severed its relation to the Joint Synod of Ohio and was received into the Maryland Synod. Later on he again supplied this church for seven months and a year later again for four months. During his so called retirement he has supplied the pulpits in thirty-nine different churches in Baltimore and Washington, besides many others in Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, and Indiana, preaching as often as thirty and forty and one time ninety-four times in one year. For a number of years he has taught a Bible Class in the First Church, Dr. E. K. Bell, pastor. During his eighty-third year he preached twenty- eight times. He was elected president of the Maryland Synod at its meet- ing in Hagerstown in 1879, and at different times represented the Allegheny Synod, the Maryland and that of the West Pennsyl- vania in the Board of Directors of the Seminary at Gettysburg. For forty-nine years he has been a member of the ECLECTIC CLUB of Baltimore, an organization that limits its membership to seventeen and is composed of the leading clergymen of eight different communtons. Rev. Scholl was married December Ist, 1869, to Miss Bar- bara Emma Barr of Springfield, Ohio, a graduate of Mt. Auburn Seminary, Cincinnati. This union has been blessed with four children, two of whom died in infancy; a son, a graduate of the Johns Hopkins University and Medical School and a successful practitioner for twelve years, who died in his thirty-ninth year; and a daughter, Maud Isabelle, the wife of Rev. James Cattanach, pastor of the Govans Presbyterian Church in Baltimore, with whom he has made his home since the death of Mrs. Scholl which occurred about eight months after the celebration of their Golden Wedding. He has two grandsons, graduates of the Johns Hop- kins University and both in the Medical Department of the same institution, one in the class of 1924 and the other the class of 1925. MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 155 PROPESSORMIACOB eee CUULA.@ DieDs LisD: Dr. Clutz was born January 5, 1848, near Gettysburg, Adams County, Pennsylvania. His par- ants were Henry and Hannah (Buffington) Clutz. He was bap- tized by the Rev. Solomon Sent- man and confirmed by the Rev. Levi T. Williams, both of them pastors in Taneytown, Maryland. Until he entered the ministry his membership was in the Mount Joy Lutheran church, near Get- tvsburg, which at that time was a part of the Taneytown charge. As a child he attended the public school near his home. During the winter of 1862-’63 he was a pupil in a private school in Taneytown conducted by ‘Mr. Andrew McKinney. In the fall of 1863 he entered the Prepara- tory Department of Pennsylvania College, and in the fall of 1865 he entered the Freshman class in the college. During the fall of 1864 he served four months as a soldier, having enlisted in response to a special call for volunteers issued at the time of the burning of Chambersburg by the Confederates under General McCausland. He eraduated from the college in 1869 and from the theological semi- nary at Gettysburg in 1872, his class being the first to have a full three years course in the seminary. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod in the Third Lutheran church of Baltimore in 1871, and was ordained by the same synod in 1872 in Trinity Lutheran Church, Hagerstown. During the summer of 1870 Mr. Clutz supplied the Luthers- burg charge in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania. The summer vacation of 1871 was spent in Hagerstown, Md., in the supply of Trinity Lutheran church, during the illness of the pastor, Dr. T. T. Titus. Before the vacation closed Dr. Titus resigned to accept the Principalship of Hartwick Seminary, and the congregation de- sired Mr. Clutz to remain with them as their permanent pastor. He referred the matter to the synod, which declined to permit him to leave the seminary to accept this call. On the completion of his seminary course he was called to Zion Lutheran church, Newville, Pa., and in the fall of 1873 he took charge of St. Paul’s Lutheran Church of Baltimore as its first pastor. This was a missionary enterprise of the other Lutheran churches of the city and had been organized only a short time before. He served this church ten years. 156 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD In 1877 Mr. Clutz was a delegate to the General Synod which met in Carthage, Illinois. He was there appointed a member of the Board of Foreign Missions the location of which was trans- ferred at that time from New York city to Baltimore. When the new Board was organized Mr. Clutz was elected Corresponding Secretary which was then equivalent to Executive Secretary, though no salary was attached to the office. He filled this office in connection with his duties as pastor until the fall of 1883 when he became the General Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, when he resigned as secretary but remained a member of the Foreign Board. As secretary of the Foreign Board he took the initiative in the founding of the Lutheran Missionary Journal, and later, from 1883 to 1889, he was the editor of its Home Mission department. In 1873 he assisted in the organization of the Children’s Missionary Society which undertook the support of Rey. A. D. Rowe as their missionary in India. He was also the treasurer of the society and designed a number of the souvenir certificates which were given each year to those who contributed through it to the support of Mr. Rowe. At the meeting of the General Synod in 1883 the Boards of Home Missions and Church Extension were separated and a new Board of Home Missions was appointed with its headquarters at Baltimore. Mr. Clutz was elected to the General Secretaryship of this Board and accepted the office to take effect October 1. This necessitated his resignation as the pastor of St. Paul’s Church, and also as the secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions though he retained his membership in the latter Board until his removal to the west in 1889. August 1, 1889, he resigned as secretary of the Board of Home Missions, having been elected as the first president of Midland College, a new Lutheran institution which had been opened two years before at Atchison, Kansas, under the auspices of the Board of Education of the General Synod. At the annual commencement of the same year, 1889, the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon Mr. Clutz by his Alma Mater. He served as president of Midland College from August 1, 1889, to February 1, 1904. During this time he was largely instrumental in inducing the Board of Education to open a theological department in connection with the college in 1893 and he assisted in arranging its curriculum. In 1895 this depart- ment was developed into the Western Theological Seminary. In addition to his duties as president of the college, Dr. Clutz served as professor of Homiletics and Christian Ethics in the seminary from 1893 to 1904. At the meeting of the General Synod in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, in 1891, Dr. Clutz was elected president. It might be added that during the last forty years of the life of the General Synod, Dr. Clutz attended every meeting but three, either as a delegate or as the official representative of one of the Boards or institutions of the church. MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 157 February 1, 1904, Dr. Clutz resigned the presidency of Mid- land College to accept a call as pastor of St. James’ Lutheran Church, Gettysburg, Pa. On the death of Dr. J. W. Richard in the spring of 1909, he was elected to succeed him as professor of Practical Theology in the seminary at Gettysburg, and entered on the duties of this chair September 1. He also succeeded at the same time to Dr. Richard’s interest in the Lutheran Quarterly and since then has been one of the three editors of this old and valued periodical. Soon after his return to the East Dr. Clutz was elected to fill a vacancy on the Board of Home Missions of the General Synod and served as a member of this Board until it was merged with the Board of Church Extension in 1915. During most of this time he was the treasurer of the Board, and from 1913 to 1915 was its president. At the meeting of the General Synod in Richmond, Indiana, in 1909, Dr. Clutz was appointed a member of the Committee on the Common Service. He continued to serve on this committee until the Merger in 1918, since which time he has been a member of the Committee of the United Lutheran Church on the Common Service Book. At the same meeting of the General Synod in Richmond, Dr. Clutz offered a resolution, which was adopted, and which provided for a restatement of the Doctrinal Basis of the General Synod to be prepared by the Common Service Com- mittee in harmony with various actions taken from 1864 to 1909. As a member of a sub-committee he assisted in the framing of this restatement, which was reported to and approved by the General Synod at Washington in 1911, and which was subsequent- ly approved by every synod connected with the General Synod, as reported at the meeting in Atchison, Kansas, in 1918. This was one of the things that prepared the way for the Merger of 1918 and made it possible. As a. member of these committees he assisted also in the preparation of the New ‘Common Service Book,” of the Common Order for Ministerial Acts, and of the col- lection of “Hymns and Prayers for Church Societies and As- semblies.”’ When the Merger was projected in the spring of 1917, Dr. Clutz was appointed a member of the joint-committee to frame a constitution for the proposed new body. At the meeting of the General Synod in 1917 he was made a member of its Committee on Ways and Means which was to co-operate with similar committees from the General Council and the United Synod in making all the arrangements for the Merger. When the three committees met for organization, Dr. Clutz was elected secretary of the joint- committee. In this position he had a large and responsible part in the work which ended so happily in the organization of the United Lutheran Church in America in New York City, No- vember 14-18, 1918, and because of his familiarity with all the details of the work he was appointed to act as assistant to the 158 HiIstoRy oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD president and secretary of the new body at its first convention. He was also elected at this convention as a member of the first Executive Board of the U. L. C., and at the Washington con- vention in 1920 he was re-elected for another term of four years. Since 1905 Dr. Clutz has been a member of the Board of Trustees of Pennsylvania, now Gettysburg College, and he is now serving a third term of five years on the Executive Committee of the Board. He was also the chairman of the Administrative Com- mittee which had charge of the conduct of the college during the vacancy in the presidency between the resignation of Dr. Gran- ville, March 1, 1923, and the election of Dr. Hanson at the June Commencement of the same year. As a member of the Synod of West Pennsylvania since 1904, Dr. Clutz has served on many important committees. Up to the time of his going to the seminary he was a member of the Com- mittee on Ministerial Education and the Examining Committee. He was chairman of the committee appointed to frame the new Constitution and By-Laws adopted in 1922. He was also chair- man of the committee that has had in charge the preparation and publishing of the Centennial History of the Synod, and also a member of the committee to arrange the program for the proper celebration of the synod’s centennial, and he represented the synod as a delegate to the meetings of the General Synod at Pittsburgh in 1905, at Sunbury in 1907, at Richmond, Indiana, in 1909, at Washington in 1911, at Atchison, Kansas, in 1913, at Chicago in 1917, and to the Conventions of the United Lutheran Church in New York in 1918, in Washington in 1920, and in Buffalo in 1922. To quote the word’s of another, ‘‘Dr. Clutz’s career embraces such a wide variety of usefulness, such a large number of respon- sible positions occupied, and such a long period of faithful service for the Lord, as would be very difficult to parallel in the whole Lutheran Church in America.” Dr Clutz has published a number of pamphlets on practical subjects connected with the work of the Church, and has written numerous articles for the Lutheran Quarterly and for other period- icals. He is the author of several tracts which were widely dis- tributed by the Board of Church Extension of the General Synod, one of them, entitled ““Mrs. Brocht’s Confession,” having passed the hundred thousand. | In 1920 he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Midland College, Fremont, Nebraska, and when a chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity was organized in Gettysburg College in 1923 he was elected to an Alumni membership. The last distinguished service that Dr. Clutz rendered was as a member of a committee of the United Lutheran Church to attend the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work that was held in Stockholm, Sweden, during the month of August, 1925. While in Stockholm he was struck by an automobile truck MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 159 and seriously injured. Apparently recovering from the injury, he left the hospital and started on his homeward journey, but died suddenly of heart failure while on the train soon after leaving Stockholm, on Monday, September 7th. His body was brought to Gettysburg, Pa., and after a largely attended funeral service in the College Church was laid to rest in the Citizen’s Cemetery of that place on September 24, 1925. Testimonials to the beauty and strength of his Christian character, to his ability as a preacher and a teacher, and to his influence and usefulness in the Lutheran Church were published in the secular and religious press. As chairman of the committee charged with the preparation of this History of the West Pennsylvania Synod, the publication of the above sketch of his life seems particularly appropriate here. REV. A. STEWART HARTMAN, D.'D. Rev. A. Stewart Hartman, D. D., was the oldest son of Moses and Elizabeth Rebert Hartman and was born on a farm and mill property in Franklin Township, Adams County, Pa., near the village of Cashtown, on the 19th of December, 1845. His grandfather was Jacob Hartman, a pioneer settler in that section of the country, a prominent farmer and for many years a devoted and influential member of the Lutheran Church at Arendtsville. His maternal erandparents were also old tesi- dents in the same community and were faithful members of . the Flohr’s Reformed Church on — the Gettysburg and Chambersburg turnpike near Cashtown. In the spring of 1847 in the month of March when the subject. of this sketch was about fifteen months old, his parents moved from the place of his birth in Franklin Township to a large farm in Mt. Joy Township in the southern part of the county just one mile north of the famous ‘“‘Mason and Dixon” line and four miles west of Littlestown and within the parish bounds of St. John’s Lutheran Church, the oldest distinctly Lutheran organization in the county, located one mile west of Littlestown. It was on this farm known as “Achnacloy,” originally occupied by the Scotch-Irish that young Hartman passed the years of his 160 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD childhood and youth until he was seventeen years of age and ready to take up his work at college in preparation for the ministry of the Gospel. He received his early schooling in the country public school located about three-quarters of a mile from his home. At that time it Was a genuine ‘“‘backwoods” school of frontier-days type that here and there survived. It was a small wooden building with very primitive equip- ment located in the midst of the “forest primeval” and reached only over uncharted roadways and bridle paths through the gloomy woodland. He attended this school during its sessions which usually covered about four months of the late fall and winter, extending from the first of November to March, from the time he was five years of age. ° Near the close of the school term in the spring of 1861, an unexpected visitor appeared at the home on a Saturday afternoon in the person of Rev. Frank B. Wolf, the principal of a recently established classical academy in Littlestown. Rev. Wolf was a graduate of Pennsylvania College and of the Theological: Seminary and had been licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod. He came to induce the father to send his son to the academy. ‘The father agreed to do so and on the 14th of April, 1861, he was enrolled as a student in the Littlestown Classical Institute. He pursued his studies in that school at much inconvenience and with the experience of not a little physical hardship. During the summer months he boarded at home and was obliged, a large part of the time, to walk to and from school, a distance of fully nine miles, daily, and in addition, he assisted in doing the “chores” morning and evening. During the winter months, he roomed at a hotel in the village which was of much advantage as it gave him more physical com- fort and better opportunity to study. He attended this Academy until June, 1863. At that time the principal retired and entered the work of the Sanitary Com- mission of the Union Army. These were days of great anxiety and turmoil. The invasion of Pennsylvania by the Army of Northern Virginia under General Lee was in progress and the battle of Gettysburg occurred a few weeks later on July Ist, 2nd and 3rd, and made a profound im- pression on this hitherto quiet and rather obscure country side. Young Hartman then a young man of seventeen years, was busy during those strenuous days carrying bread and pies to the soldiers in camp and hospitals in the neighborhood and in visiting various sections of the battlefield after the retirement of the con- tending armies. His father had planned to have his son enter college at Gettysburg at the opening of the fall term in September, 18638, but owing to the disturbed state of affairs incident to the MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 161 battle, both in his own home and in the college, the plan of going to college at that time was indefinitely postponed. But after the battle and the retirement of the armies, matters quite rapidly assumed their normal condition and the decision was reconsidered and the son was entered as a student in the Preparatory department of the college on the first of November, 1863. The following year he was admitted to the freshman class and completed his college course in the class of 18968. His course was slightly interrupted at the beginning of his Junior year when, in order to improve his financial status, he en- gaged in teaching for a period of five months. He accepted the appointment of principal of the schools in Tanevtown, Md., and filled that position from September Ist, 1866, to February Ist, 1867. He then returned to college and resumed his place in his class. In September following his graduation, he entered the Seminary at Gettysburg and completed his first year in theology in that institution. Owing to the fact that his father, a farmer of limited means, desired to devote his three sons to the ministry of the Gospel, and who at that time, was providing the means for their education thus assuming rather a heavy task, this eldest son felt that it was incumbent upon him, if possible, to relieve him of some of the financial strain. In seeking a solution of that problem, he conceived, that he found it in the opportunity to take his last two years in theology in the Union Seminary of New York and decided to embrace it. He believed that he would be able to secure a position as teacher or in some other suitable vocation and be able to earn enough to meet his financial obligations. In that matter his hopes were realized. He completed his two years in that Seminary, was oraduated with the class of 1871 in the Madison Square Presby- terian Church of which the distinguished Dr. Wm. Adams was then pastor. During his Seminary course, he frequently supplied pulpits in his own church and in other denominations. In the vacation between his Junior and Middle years, he supplied the pulpits of the Greencastle, Pa., pastorate. He also supplied pulpits at Suffolk, L. I., Presbyterian; Whippeny, N. J., Methodist; Greenwich, Conn., Congregational and others. As the Sunday School Missionary of St. James’ Lutheran Church of N. Y., he organized a mission Sunday School in a slum- mish section of the city at Broome and Delaney Sts., east of the Bowery which was supported and equipped by the mother church. He also conducted preaching services in the chapel at night. He was licensed to preach by the New York Synod at its Convention in October, 1870, at Ghent, N. Y. The following year he was ordained at Germantown, N. Y., by the same Synod. The Christ Church of Ghent was vacant at the time of his 162 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD licensure and he was asked by the President of the Synod to supply the pulpit as he might have opportunity. After supplying for a few Sundays, the congregation extended him a call to the pastorate, against his earnest protest and which he was constrained to decline as he did not see his way clear to take up the work of a regular pastorate while six months of his Seminary course were still unfinished and with the long cherished hope of taking a year in some German university, at the close of his theological course in this country, unrealized. The call, however, was urgently renewed and on the advice of his pastor, Dr. A. C. Wedekind and the President of the Synod, Dr. H. N. Poblman, he yielded and accepted the call to begin January Ist, 1871, with the condition that he would not be expected to do any pastoral work except preaching on Sunday, other than he might be able to do on that day. He removed to Ghent in May, 1871, and assumed full charge of the work. After two years and five months of a most delight- ful pastorate, he was called to St. Matthew’s Church of Brooklyn, N. Y., which he reluctantly accepted, as the church had suffered severely from a vacancy of more than a year and seemed to be in a seriously demoralized state. His predecessor was Dr. I. K. Funk, founder of the large Publishing House of Funk & Wagnels. He assumed charge on the 15th of May, 1873, and had the joy of seeing the diverse forces harmonized and the work revived and strengthened. During his pastorate here, he canvassed a new, growing section of the southern part of the city and organized a Sunday School under hopeful auspices which was successfully conducted by members of St. Matthew’s Church. In the midst of his important work here, and without his desiring or seeking it, he received a call to the First Church of Chambersburg, Pa., as the successor of Dr. Luther A. Gotwald. As this call seemed to be entirely providential and as it offered apparently a large field of useful service in the church, he was constrained to accept it and took up his work in that historic pastorate on the 15th of May, 1875. After a happy ministry of nearly fourteen years and six months, he was called to the position of General Secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the General Synod, which he accepted. This work he took up on the first of October, 1889, and re- moved to Baltimore on the first of November, following. He was re-elected at the beginning of 12 successive bienniums and held the position until the first of February, 1916, a period of 26 years and four months. In May, 1883, he was elected a member of the Board of Home Missions at the convention of the General Synod at Springfield, Ohio, and served in that capacity until June, 1889, after which he became General Secretary. MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 163 When the consolidation of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, authorized at the Akron convention in 1915, went into effect on the first of February, 1916, Dr. Hartman was made Associate Secretary of the consolidated Boards and served in that capacity until the Merger of the three General bodies was effected in 1919. At the organization of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the U. L. C., he was elected Educational Secretary of Home Missions and Church Extension which position he still holds. Thus he has had official relation to the work of the church for the space of nearly 42 years and with his service as a Home Missionary for two years, he has been identified with the Home Mission work of the church for a period of 44 years. During the years of his connection with the Home Mission cause, especially as General Secretary, he traveled many thousands of miles in the interests of that work and co-operated in the canvass of many fields and advised in regard to the organization of many mission churches in new fields. He personally inspected and as- sisted in the canvass of such important fields as Cleveland, Toledo, Detroit, Duluth, Minneapolis, Winnipeg and Toronto, Canada, Clinton and Waterloo, Ia., Chattanooga and Nashville, Tenn., St. Louis and Kansas City, Mo., Quincy and Rockford and Chicago, ll., Canon City, Boulder, Glenwood Springs and Denver, Colo., Salt Lake City and Ogden, Utah, Santa Fe and Alburquerque, N. M., Napa, San Francisco, Santa Cruz, Stockton and Fresno, Cal., and many others in the eastern section of our country as Troy, Schenectady, Amsterdam, Syracuse and Buffalo, N. Y., and many others. For a period of twenty-five years he had editorial charge of the Home Missionary department of the “Lutheran Missionary Journal” and was a frequent contributor to the church periodicals on subjects related to the Home Mission work of the church. He filled a number of other responsible positions in other spheres of church activity. For twenty-one years he was a mem- ber of the Board cf Trustees of the Tressler Orphan’s Home at Loysville, Pa., and for twenty years was the secretary of the Board. He was also for the same time a member of the Executive Committee and of the Building Committee. For three years, from 1880 to 1883, he was the President of the West Pennsylvania Synod. He filled the position of a Director of the Theological Seminary for one term. He was four times elected as a delegate to the General Synod, at Wooster, O., in 1879; at Springfield, O., in 1883; Omaha, Neb., in 1887; and at Akron,.O., in 1915. | He prepared and presented to the General Synod all the re- ports of the Board of Home Missions for twenty-six years. In the churches which he had the privilege of serving as 164 History oF WeEstT PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD pastor, he strove to inculcate in his people a vigorous missionary spirit and especially to encourage a friendly attitude towards our Home Missionary work, being strongly of the opinion that this cause is essential to the growth, efficiency and largest prosperity of the church and of all the agencies of the sacred ministry. While pastor at Ghent he initiated and promoted an effort in the growing neighboring village of Chatham that resulted in the organization of our church at that place. During his pastorate in Chambersburg, Pa., he inaugurated the movement that ultimately led to the establishment of Trinity Lutheran Church in the growing northern section of the town. He selected and secured an option on the very eligible lots on which the church was subsequently built. He thus endeavored to ilustrate his faith by his works. Dr. Hartman was twice married. His first marriage was to Miss Julia ©. Hollinger and was solemnized at her home, ‘‘Rose- lawn,’’ near Gettysburg on the 7th of June, 1871. The ceremony was performed by Rev. H. Louis Baugher, D. D., a Professor in Pennsylvania College. After eight years and three months of a happy married life, this capable and helpful wife, in the midst of her usefulness, entered into rest, being stricken with a serious form of malarial fever. She left behind, besides her bereaved husband, four young children to mourn her loss—two sons and two daughters. The oldest son, Robert N., after completing his course at Gettysburg College, pursued a post graduate course at Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, receiving his Ph. D. degree at the age of 22 years in 1894. As Professor of Chemistry, he successfully taught at Susquehanna University, Tufts College, Mass. and the School of Mines, Colo. In the pursuance of his duties in the latter institution, he met a tragic death by asphyxiation in May, 1903. The younger son, Herbert H., took the full college and Seminary course at Gettysburg and entered the ministry in 1903. His first pastorate was Bridgeport, Conn.; the second, Zion’s, Newville; the third, his present one, Augsburg, in Baltimore. The two daughters early took up the vocation of teaching in Baltimore. Later the older one accepted a position in Midland College, Atchison, Kansas, where she was married to Prof. Gran- ville H. Meixell. After sixteen months of married life, she was widowed by his death from pneumonia, leaving her with an infant daughter. The mother and daughter reside in New York where the mother is connected with the educational department of the Popular Science Monthly and the daughter is a librarian at Co- lumbia University, being a graduate of that institution. The younger daughter has been a teacher in the Baltimore schools for many years. Dr. Hartman was married a second time on the 6th of June, MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 165 1881, to Miss Emma J. Rowe, of Emmitsburg, Md. Two children were born of this union, a daughter and ason. The daughter is now a teacher of English in Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pa., and the son is at home with his father. By the generosity of the Board of Home Missions, Dr. Hart- man was afforded the privilege of attending the ‘“‘World’s Mission- ary Conference” at Edinburgh in June, 1910, and in connection with the trip he not only visited interesting sections of England, Scotland, and Ireland; but also several countries of Continental Europe, Holland, Germany, Belgium and France. Dr. Hartman received the degree of A. M. from his Alma Mater in 1871 and the degree of D. D. from Wittenburg College in 1888. FOV A Ge EAS INA Oe): ReveecouGemlasthachty ia). was born near Ephrata, Lan- caster County, Pa., June 30, 1845. His parents were Jehu and Mattie Fastnacht. He was baptized by Rev. Samuel Trum- bauer and confirmed by Rev. S. R. Boyer, October 20, 1860, both ministers being members. of the Pennsylvania Munisterium. After teaching school several years he took a year’s course in the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania College and enter- ed that college in 1865, graduat- ing in 1870, having been absent four terms while teaching. In 1865 he united with St. John’s Lutheran Church, Lancaster, Pa., Rev. Dr. A. C. Wedekind, pastor. As a beneficiary of the East Pennsylvania Synod during his college and seminary course, he was licensed by that Synod at Easton, Pa., October 1, 1872. He spent the summer vacation of 1871 and 1872, supplying the Lu- thersburg charge in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, and was elected pastor of this charge, the call to go into effect at the end of his Senior year in the Seminary in 1873. . He suggested calling Rey. E. Manges and the suggestion was at once followed. In March, 1873, he was elected as the first pastor of the newly organized Mt. Holly and Boiling Springs charge, the call to go into effect April 1. The call was accepted and he served the charge until October 1, 1875. 166 History OF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD He was married to Miss Mary E. Warren of Gettysburg, June 10, 1873. After leaving his first charge he did some work for the Luth- eran Publication Society, Lutheran Observer and supplying of pulpits. He was elected pastor of the Union Lutheran Church of York, Pa., January 1, 1877, and entered upon his work there February 1, 1877. He continued to render a popular and useful service during a pastorate of 26 years, until June 14, 1903, when failing health made it necessary for him to relinquish the heavy duties of a large and growing charge. Regaining his strength he did considerable pulpit supply work until July 9, 1905, when he began his work in the Salem (Dover) charge which he served until May 31, 1916, and has since then resided at 1548 West Market street, York. He has served his Synod as trustee of the Orphan’s Home at Loysville, delegate to General Synod four times, director of the Theological Seminary, member of the Historical and Centenary committees of Synod, Necrologist of Synod, and was President of Synod, 1889-1891. He is also President of the Board of Trustees of the York County Academy. Pennsylvania College honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1902. By order of Synod for free distribution in its congregations, there was published a four-page tract on Plans of Systematic Benevolence, written by Dr. Fastnacht; also, by request of pub- lishers, Memorial Addresses on the life and work of Revs. Drs. D. J. Hauer and M. J. Alleman, Best Method of Catechising, Build- ing up a large Sunday School, anniversary and historical sermons, etc. Before and since his retirement, many acts of kindness have been shown him by the people of the Union Lutheran Church. On retiring from the pastorate they presented him with almost $1400. Two members remembered him in their wills, as also one person not a member. They elected him Pastor Emeritus and give him a pension of $300 a year. Constant substantial favors and words of kindly feeling come to him and his companion. The increasing prosperity in the congregation is a continued cause of joy to both of them. Rey. Fastnacht spent all his ministerial life, since ordination, in the bounds of West Pennsylvania Synod; and he is the oldest minister on its roll in point of continuous membership, a period of more than 52 years. MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 167 REV. EDMUND MANGES Rev. Edmund Manges was born January 25, 1842, in Alle- ghany Township, Somerset County, Pa. His parents were Joseph Manges and his wife Catharine, nee Geiger. At six years of age having lost his father by death, he lived with his mother except for a period of a few years during which he made his home with a_half- brother. Having saved upalittle money, when 17 years of age he went to County Normal School and be- gan teaching Public School. In September, 1864, he enter- ed the Civil War, was detailed as Regimental Clerk of the 52nd Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and filled this position till the close of the War, June, 1865. In the fall of 1865, he entered the preparatory department of Pennsylvania College and graduated from the College in 1870. In the same year he went to the Theological Seminary and grad- uated in 18738. He married Miss Margaret Whisker in May, 1872. Seven children, three boys and four girls, all living, brought their bless- ing to this union. His oldest son, the Rev. Lewis C. Manges, D. D., is pastor of Memorial Lutheran Church, Harrisburg, Pa., and at the time of this writing is President of the East Pennsylvania Synod. Another son in the Lutheran Ministry is the Rev. E. L. Manges, pastor of the flourishing church at Huntingdon, Pa. His third son, Willis F. Manges, M. D., has attained high reputation as an X-ray specialist in Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. After a happy pastorate of about five years, he resigned the Luthersburg Charge in Clearfield County, Pa., about January Ist, 1878, to take effect April Ist, 1878. Very reluctantly, even re- fusing to accept his resignation, his people gave him up in order that he might enter upon the service of the Shrewsbury charge, which he held for a period of three years. During this time there were added to the membership of the charge 177, by baptism, confirmation, and transfer from other churches. During the first part of January, 1894, he visited the Lebanon Charge, York County, Pa., received a call, and entered the field soon afterwards. The charge consisted of the Lebanon Congre- gation, St. Paul’s, Felton, St. James’ and St. Luke’s in Chance- 168 History OF Wrest PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD ford Township. At the meeting of Synod at Hanover in October, 1898, the charge was divided, St. James’ and St. Luke’s becoming Chanceford Charge; Lebanon and St. Paul’s constituting the Leb- anon Charge. This arrangement was consumated in April, 1899. This divisicn left Lebanon and St. Paul’s a very weak charge. The church at Loganville being without a pastor, and nowhere else connected, was added to the charge on the 4th of June, 1899. He severed his connection with the Lebanon Charge in October, 1899, and accepted the pastorate of the Green Hill Charge, con- sisting of Green Hill, a suburb of York, Spry, Yorkanna and Logan- ville. During his service in the Lebanon Charge there were added by baptism, confirmation and from other churches 463 members; and in the Green Hill charge, 28 members. On May 25th, 1902, he ended his pastorate of the Green Hill Charge, and since that date has retired from active pastoral service, though continuing to preach from time to time as a supply. He is now one of the honored senior members of our West Penn- sylvania Synod. REND AV Deis OS DRA sais David T. Koser, son of Sam- uel and Mary Koser, was born on a farm near Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, March 7th, 1845. He was confirmed by Rev. L. A. Gotwald, then pastor of the Lutheran Church of Shippens- burg. He received his education in the local public schools and later at the Missionary Institute of Selinsgrove, Pa., at Pennsylvania College, and the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Pa., eraduating from the latter in- stitution in 1874. He was l- censed by the West Pennsylvania Synod at its meeting in St. Paul’s Lutheran Church, York, Pa., in 1873. His first pastorate was that of the Addison Charge of Somerset County, Pennsylvania; then that of the Riegelsville charge of Riegelsville, Pennsylvania. He accepted a call to the Arendtsville Pastorate of the West Pennsylvania Synod, in Au- gust, 1887. Here he spent the last 36 years of his active work and rendered a faithful service in the ministry. He retired to MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 169 private life May Ist, 1923, and moved to Gettysburg, Pennsyl- vanla. On June 30, 1874, he married Miss Rachel A. Gelwicks, daughter of John and Lena Gelwicks, who died after thirteen years of wedded life. Later he married Mrs. Sarah E. Peters, daughter of Henry and Margaret Little. His children are: Mrs. L. Grace Campbell, wife of Dr. E. E. Campbell, President of Irving College; Rev. John G. Koser, Pastor of the Lutheran Church of Glade, Pennsylvania; Miss Ruth E. Koser of Williams- port, Pennsylvania; and Mrs. Vida E. Rice, wife of Prof. Kd. Rice, of the Arendtsville Vocational School. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of Tressler Orphans’ Home, Loysville, Pa., and of the Board of Directors of the Gettys- burg Theolegical Seminary. He was honored by his Alma Mater with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Rey Se Ue EL LeU EE IViEIN se): Inasmuch as I am to set down here some things concerning my- self about which I have perhaps more intimate knowledge than any other, I may as well write in the first personal singular— and let it go at that. I was born November &th, 1851, in Somerset County, Penn- svylvania. My parents were Rev. J. F. Kuhlman, and his wife Louisa Smith. On the maternal side, therefore, I am widely con- nected. My father came with his parents from Germany when he was eight years old. He is still living, approaching his ninty- fifth year. My mother was born in this country, and was called home at the early age of twenty years, before she had opportunity even to impress the memory of her child. So it came about that I entered the home of my paternal grandparents. They were so limited in worldly goods that when they landed in this country they owed their passage money. But they were sober, industrious people, and a measure of prosperity rewarded their toil. The foundation of their home was simple honesty, and its atmosphere was clean and wholesome. I did not 170 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD realize it at the time, but I have long felt my obligation to that home. It was a good place in which to be brought up. My grandmother was in some respects an unusual woman, possessed of some homely philosophy and astrong, pietistic religion. Through the mysterious touch and influence of one life upon another, she left her impress upon my mind and heart. If it were in place to make her the subject of this sketch I could write some inter- esting things. Under these conditions life was not the easiest. There was always so much to do, that little time was left for play. Yet I had some days off, and I recall walking fourteen miles to know the thrill of Robinson’s show. Comforts were few, a snd of lux- uries I did not dream. Educational advantages were | mited, and such as they were my use of them was frequently cut Short by the spring sugar making and other work in which I participated. However, I made such progress in my studies that before I was seventeen I was teaching my first district school. This was par- ticularly important, for it put me in a position to earn money to bear the expenses of further schooling. The next seven years were spent in the home of my father in Nebraska. Father, with the rest of the family, had come hither several years prior as the home missionary of the Allegheny Synod, one of the earliest, perhaps the second, Lutheran preacher to cross the “Big Muddy.” Thus I passed from the quiet, settled life of the mountains to the wider, adventuresome life of the vast, wind-swept prairies. The change was significant In more Ways than I have space to indicate. As we ordinarily measure them, fine opportunities, unsought, came my way. One man, and he was fully able to do so, offered to establish a drug store if I would take charge of it, and we would divide the profits. A lawyer, a leader in his profession, urged me to study law, agreeing to take me as an equal partner—the day I should be admitted to the bar. The governor of the state, a friend of my father, said to him, “I will appoint Luther to the Military Academy at West Point, if you wish it.’ After the appointment had been given to another, my father told me of the offer that had been made to him, and When I asked him why he did not consult me about it, he replied “T was afraid you might be foolish enough to desire it.”’ From this distance I can understand the process of elimination thr ough which I was passing. The employments of these years were varied, farming, car- pentering, clerking, surveying and teaching. Father gave every possible encouragement and assistance for my further education. So, when the State University was organized, I was one of the first to enter its opened doors. ‘The record will show that I am a charter student of that now worthwhile University, that I had a share in the establishment of two of its literary societies, the ' founding of its first student publication, ‘““The Hesperian Student,” MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES ape) and the running of its first public lecture course. I remained at the University two years and a half, and my attachment to the institution Was warm and sincere. During this period I was con- firmed, by my father, in the Lutheran Church at Dakotah City. Again the scene changes. I returned to my native state, and in January, 1876, became a member of the Class of ’79 in Pennsylvania College. In College I was an active Philo, but did not join any of the fraternities. I was an anniversary speaker, and in due time graduated with my class, receiving second honor and the valedictory. My theological course was taken at Get- tysburg, and during my first seminary vear [ also taught in the Preparatory School. I was licensed and ordained, the latter in 1882, by the Allegheny Synod at Salisbury, Pa. My engagements since entering the Lutheran ministry have been as follows, not giving fractions of years:—two years at Jen- nerstown, Pa., four years at the Second Lutheran Church, Balti- more, sixteen years at the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Freder- ick City, Md., thirteen years as Professor of Biblical Theology in the Seminary at Gettysburg, three years as Field Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the General Synod, with resi- dence in York, Pa., and two years as pastor of St. John’s Lutheran Church, Boiling Springs, Pa. For three vears I have been Bishop at large—I can think of no better phrase just now—with no rec- ognized position. As a peculiarity this position has no vacation attached, so I have been busy practically every Sunday, and some times for months, continuously, in the same pulpit and congrega- tion. During my ministry I have received my full share of recog- nition from my brethren and the Church. I have been a member of many, some times important and troublesome, committees, president of my synod, repeatedly a delegate to the General Synod, Secretary of the General Synod, delegate to the Convention of the United Lutheran Church, given a Holman Lecture and many sermons and addresses on special occasions, and the degree of doctor of divinity from my Alma Mater. I am also a member of Phi Beta Kappa. What, whether little or much, has been accomplished during the years thus briefly reviewed, is not for me to say. It will not be unseemly, however, for me to say that I have some satisfaction in thinking of my participation in two particular lines of work. For I do not know how many years I was a member and chairman of the education committee of the Maryland Synod, and had to do with the selection and care of candidates for the ministry. This was to me important and serious business, and I sought to give it the best judgment of which I was capable. The other special work to which I refer has to do with foreign missions. Karly in my ministry, after I had become pastor of the Second Church, Baltimore, and upon the death of Dr. Charles A. Stork, 72 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD who was then president of the Board of Foreign Missions of the General Synod, I was elected a member of that Board, and re- mained a member, continuously, for thirty-two years. Nineteen of these years I was president of the Board. The work entrusted to this Board enlisted my full interest and sympathy, and to have had a part in the conduct and development thereof, to have ad- vocated it before the Church by voice and pen, and to have explained and vindicated the course of the Board in some trying situations, all this was a fine privilege. After my resignation from the Board, I served it three years as Field Secretary. In September, 1882, I was united in marriage with Alice Louise Warren, of Gettysburg. One of my chief good fortunes has been and is, that she remains with me to this present. She has been a loving, faithful wife and companion, a sympathetic and efficient helper and adviser in every task with which I have had to do. REV L. Bo WOLE. DoD, Luther Beniah Wolf was born November 29, 1857, at Abbotts- town, Adams Co., Pa., the son of John George and Eleanor Bit- tinger Wolf. He was reared in the atmosphere of religious in- terest and devotion. For over twenty-five years his father was an elder in St. James’ Lutheran Church of Chambersburg, Pa. Three of his mother’s brothers were ministers in the Lutheran, Presbyterian, Congregational and Christian Churches. His moth- er’s uncle endowed a professor- ship in Gettysburg College. There is also a militant blood in his veins, for two of his mother’s brothers were Lieutenants in the Civil War,—one of them a prisoner in Andersonville. Nicholas Bittinger was a Lieutenant in the Continental Army, and was taken prisoner at Ft. Washington, Pa. After his graduation from the Gettysburg High School in 1875, Mr. Wolf took the full course in preparatory work at Penn- sylvania College and graduated. with the class of 1880. Contin- uing his studies in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, he eraduated in 1883. MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES Lis He has been honored with the following degrees: 1893 Fellow of the Madras University in India; A. B. and M. A. in cvuurse of Pennsylvania College; D. D. from Wittenberg College. He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod at. its meeting in Littlestown in 1882, and ordained by the same Synod at Gettysburg, on August 5th, 1883. Accepting an appointment by the Board of Foreign Missions, December 28th, 1882, he went to India as a missionary and served as Principal of the American Lutheran College, Guntur, in affiliation with the Madras University, from 1885 until 1907. He was President of the Guntur Conference from 1902 to 1907. During the entire time of his presidency of the College he was Professor of English and English Bible. On June 5th, 1908, he was elected Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Lutheran General Synod; and in 1911 he was made the Treasurer of the Board. His official position at the present time is that of Secretary-Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Lutheran Church in America. The American Evangelical Lutheran College at Guntur, India, was organized by him. He was the first editor of the ‘Gospel Witness,’ English periodical of the India Lutheran Mission during the first years of itsissue. He is the author of several books on missionary subjects: “After Fifty Years in India,” in 1893, published by the Lutheran Publication Society; “Missionary Heroes,” in 1908, published by the Lutheran Publication House; and numerous articles in the “Lutheran Quarterly Review.”’ On July 3rd, 1883, by Drs. Wolf and Schwartz, in St. James’ Lutheran Church, Gettysburg, he was married to Miss Alice Catherine Benner, the daughter of Josiah and Edith Norris Benner. Her mother was the daughter of Captain Norris of Revolutionary fame. The following children were born of this union: George Benner, who died of cholera in India in 1889; Edith Norris, the wife of Dr. John F. Crigler, Charlotte, N. C.; Eleanor Bittinger, wife of Dr. George A. Stewart. She is a graduate of Goucher College, and pursued a course of study in medicine at Johns Hopkins University leading to the degree of M. D. She was a missionary in India from 1914 to 1920. Anna Dryden Wolf, a fourth child, is now Superintendent of the Rockefeller Nurses’ Training School, Peking, China; she is a graduate of Goucher College, and received her M. A. degree from Columbia University. Paul Benner Wolf is Assistant Engineer of the Baltimore City Paving Commission. 174 History OF Wrest PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Rove We) Be CO eB Rev. \W.. DS He scost was born February 6th, 1856, 1 Mt. Joy Township, near Bar- low, Adams County, Pa. He was the son of Hugh Guinn Scott and Elizabeth Eyler Scott. His early education was received in the public school of his district and until he was seventeen he worked on the farm. He went one term in the spring of 1874 to county superintendent of the schools of Adams County, and in the fall of the same year started to ‘“‘Prep.” After four years he was graduated from Gettysburg College with the class of 1880. He _ studied theology in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and was graduated in 1883. Was licensed on October 2nd, 1882, by the Maryland Synod and or- dained by the same synod in Baltimore, Md., October, 1883. He preached trial sermons in the Loysville Charge (8 congre- gations), November 11, 1883, received a call November 28th, and assumed charge December 13th. He was married to Miss Laura Edwards Pfeffer of Gettysburg, on November 20th, 1884, daughter of Wm. and Susan Pfeffer. To them were born six sons and three daughters. During his pastorate of the Loysville Charge all three of the churches were extensively repaired and many improvements were made, bringing the charge to rank high among the congregations of the Central Pennsylvania Synod. The Twentieth Anniversary of the pastorate of the charge was fittingly celebrated in December, 1903, with services lasting four days and a fine banquet as a closing feature. The centennial of the building of the first church in Loysville was properly commemorated in September, 1904, some of the former pastors and several sons of the congregation taking part in the services. At this time the monument erected to the memory of Rev. John Wm. Heim was dedicated. Rev. Heim had served this church for thirty-six years and six months, and the monument was paid for by a number of the congregations in Perry County. He resigned the pastoral care of the Loysville Charge, De- cember 31st, 1906, to assume duties at Tressler Orphans’ Home, MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 7S January Ist, 1907, as Pastor of the Home and Superintendent of the Printing Department, and served in this capacity for about nine years, making a total of thirty-two years spent in the ministry in Loysville. He preached every two weeks in the Home Chapel from the time it was dedicated in June, 1900, until he resigned from the Home in 1915. Served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Home for a number of years and also as a member of the Ex- ecutive Committee and was Secretary of the Board from 1900 to 1913. He was a member of the Central Pennsylvania Synod for thirty-two years, and served as Secretary 1889-1890, and from 1899 until 1912; and as President for three years, 1912-1914. Was delegate to the General Synod in 1891, 1895, 1907 and 1911. Also served on the Examining Committee of the Synod several years. Upon resigning from the charge to become pastor of the Home he was elected superintendent of the town Sunday School where he served for about nine years. After he resigned his work at the Home he preached trial sermons in the three churches of the Bendersville Charge, Adams County, December 5th, 1915, and was unanimously elected pastor and took up the work here January Ist, 1916, becoming a member of the West Pennsylvania Synod. He served this charge for nine years, during which time a debt on the new church at Aspers was paid and the membership of that church increased from 45 to over 90. A building fund was also started in the Bendersville congre- gation which in 1923 amounted to about $3000. In 1921 this congregation celebrated the 80th anniversary of its organization, the 75th anniversary of the building of the first church and 25th anniversary of the building of the present edifice. Five of the former pastors took part in the services which lasted four days, namely Revs. H. F. Long, G. W. McSherry, 8. A. Diehl, C. F. Floto and Joseph Arnold. After serving in this pastorate for almost nine years very happily and in the ministry for forty years, owing to impaired health he retired from the charge and from the active work of the pastorate, September 30th, 1923. He is now living at 785 Baltimore St., Gettysburg, Pa., still serving as supply as oppor- tunity offers. 176 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD REV. WILLIAM HESSE, D. D. On’ October 9, 1856, -Rev. Hesse was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, of Ludwig and Agatha Velder Hesse. He was baptised by the pastor of the German congregation at Mar- tinsburg, West Virginia, and was catechized and confirmed by Rey. M. L. Culler, D. D., pastor of St. John’s Lutheran Church, Martinsburg. His early educa- tion was received in the public schools, and after a short course in Dr. Hyde’s college, he taught in the public schools. Being un- der deep conviction to preach the Gospel, he was persuaded to enter the United Brethren Church in 1880. By this denomination he was ordained at Hagerstown, Maryland, in 1883 by Bishop J. Dixon, and he served churches in Virginia and Pennsylvania con- ferences until 1888. Through the endeavors of Rev. J. M. Ditzler, of Annville, Pennsylvania, and Rev. G. W. Enders, D. D., of York, Pennsyl- vania, he returned to the Lutheran Church. At Cumberland, Maryland, in October, 1888, he was received into the Maryland Synod. He accepted a call to Harper’s Ferry Charge, where he was installed December 9, 1888. On November 10, 1889, he became pastor of the charge at Martins Creek, Pennsylvania, in the East Pennsylvania Synod. During his first year here there were 104 accessions. On April 20, 18938, he accepted a call to the Plumville Charge in the Pittsburgh Synod. While here he or- ganized the St. Matthew’s congregation at Rockville and built two churches. His next pastorate was at Minerva, Ohio, where he began his labors on May 4, 1897. Here he built a fine new church and the congregation was put on a firm basis. Two years later he entered upon the work of the Pleasant City Charge, of the East Obio Synod. At Cambridge, Ohio, he organized what is now a flourishing congregation. On October 1, 1902, he began his pastorate at Brookville, Pennsylvania, and while here two young men were led to the Gospel ministry. He was called to Grace Lutheran Church at Leechburg, Pennsylvania, on May 15, 1907. In September, 1911, he entered upon his new field of labor at Coatesville, Pennsylvania, as pastor of the Church of Our Saviour. Here he finished the building of the church edifice and secured the liquidation of a large portion of the debt. He received MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES Lye a call from the New Franklin Charge in Franklin County, Pa., November 3, 1920, and entered upon the duties of this pastorate eleven days later. He devoted himself*with great earnestness to the work here, emphasizing the strength of the Lutheran doctrine and seeking to establish firmly the Lutheran membership of this union charge. But after a vigorous pastorate, in the midst of which he labored under the trial of his wife’s serious illness with typhoid fever, he resigned, and closed his labors here on June 30, 1922. He then retired to his home near Martinsburg, West Virginia, where he is living at the time of this writing, and con- tinuing his ministerial service as a pulpit supply when called upon. In addition to his equipment for the work of the ministry that he received in the United Brethren Church, he read Theology ‘and Philosophy under the direction of Dr. M. Valentine and Dr. Richard, also a special course outlined by Dr. H. W. McKnight. He later studied Philosophy at Wooster University and received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Muskingum College in June, 1904. He married Ruth Elizabeth Van Metre, of Martinsburg, West Virginia, on June 6, 1878. To them have been born five children: Mary Agatha, wife of Rev. J. Fulton Wilson, Bellevue, Pennsylvania; Louella Virginia, deceased wife of Rev. Charles Brosius, Muhlenberg Mission, Africa: Charles Felder Van Metre, pastor of St. Paul’s Charge of the “West Pennsylvania Synod: Margaret Jane, a Red Cross nurse in the United States Navy; and William Nelson, who is employed by the Tidewater Oil Company as a chemist. REV. JACOB E. MAURER The subject of this sketch, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Jeremiah Maurer, was born in Jenner Township, Somerset County, Pa. in October, 1854. He was confirmed in St. James’ Lutheran Church, of his native County, in December, 1868, by Reve .Crist, At the age of thirteen he was clearly and solemnly impressed with a call to the gospel ministry. He was licensed by the Alleghany Synod, September 10, 1882, at Salisbury, Pa.; and ordained by the Kansas Synod, October 28, 1883, at Eureka, Kansas. The first nine years of his ministerial service were spent in 178 History or Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD the home missionary field, and for a period of about three years he directed the activities of the Pittsburgh Synod as their Mission- ary President. He has served pastorates of the Lutheran church at Boonsboro. Md., Lititz, Pa., Mt. Carroll, Ill., Minerva, Ohio, Lovettsville, Va., and Mt. Holly Springs, Pa. He was President of the Maryland Synod, 1901 and 1902. Since October 1, 1924, when he relinquished the work of the Mt. Holly Springs Charge, he has been living at Lititz, Pa., and continuing his usefulness in the ministry as a supply pastor and preacher. REV. MELANCHTHON COOVER, D. D., LL. D. Born March 26, 1861, son of Jacob and Ann Margaret (Lind- say-Teeter) Coover of Johns- town, Pa. After preparation under pri- vate tutorship he entered Penn- sylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa, in 1883, and was graduated in the class of 1887 with the degree of A. B., one of three first honor men of the class. He was grad- uated from the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Gettysburg, Pa. 1890. The degree of A. M. was conferred by his Alma Mater in 1890; D. D., by Franklin and Marshall College, 1905; LL.D. by Gettysburg College, 1923. His fraternity membership 1s in Phi Gamma Delta, and Phi Beta Kappa. During his seminary course he served as tutor in the Gettys- burg Academy (Steven’s Hall), 1887-1890. His pastorates were, St. Paul’s Church, Ardmore, Pa., 1890-1901, Christ (College) Church, Gettysburg, Pa., 1901-1904. In 1904 he was elected to the chair of the English Bible and Chaplain in Pennsylvania College; in 1905 he became professor of New Testament Exegesis and Ecclesi- astical History in the Lutheran Theological Seminary of the General Synod, Gettysburg, Pa., which chair he filled from 1905 to 1916, in which year the chair was changed to the subjects, New Testa- ment Language and Literature, which subjects he continues to teach to the present. He served as a member of the Board of Directors of the Lutheran Publication Society, General Synod, 1908-1915; member MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 179 of the American Section of the International Sunday School Lesson Committee, 1908-1914; member of the Society of Biblical Litera- ture and Exegesis. Author, Quest and Query, Badger, the Gorham Press, Boston; The Tempted Messiah, Peter’s Confession and Keys, Lutheran Publication House; Article, Liturgics of the Sunday School, in the Encyclopedia of Sunday Schools and Religious Education; lecturer on the Holman Foundation of the Augsburg Confession, art. xvii, in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, 1903; contributor and de- partment editor of Current English Religious Thought in the Lutheran Quarterly Magazine, 1901-1905; contributor of various articles in the same magazine, 1900-1914; and in the Lutheran Observer. Married to Lucey May Moses, Johnstown, Pa., September 3, 1891; children, Donald Bruce Coover, M. D., New Cumberland, Pa., and Margaret H., wife of Rev. Howard R. Gold, New Ro- chelle, N. Y. REV. FREDERICK GEBHART GOTWALD, D. D.* The subject of this sketch was born in Aaronsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania, May 11, 1869. His grand-father, Rev. Daniel Gotwald, was ordained by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1829, and was a pioneer pastor in Adams and Centre Counties, Pennsylvania. At the time of his death, in 1844, at Aarons- burg, he was preaching at six- teen different points throughout that section. Three of his sons entered the Lutheran ministry and one of these, Rev. Luther Alexander Gotwald, D. D., was the father of the subject of this sketch. He was ordained by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1859, and served pastorates in this Synod in Shippensburg, Chambersburg and St. Paul’s, York. The subject of this sketch was confirmed by his father, in St. Paul’s Church, York, at Easter, in 1880. His preparatory *Dr. Gotwald died suddenly of heart failure on Thursday night, February 4, 1926, at Harrisburg, Pa., where he had gone to spend the evening. 180 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD education was secured in the York County Academy and York Collegiate Institute. He entered the Sophomore Class of Penn- sylvania College in the fall of 1885 and in December of 1885 transferred to Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, and was eraduated in 1888. He studied theology at Wittenberg Seminary, eraduating in 1891. He took some post-graduate work in English and German Universities in 1899-1900. He holds the degrees of A.B., A. M. and B. D. from Wittenberg College and D. D. from Midland College. He was ordained in October, 1891, by the Miami Synod, in the First Lutheran Church of Dayton, Ohio, Where his father had been pastor from 1865 to 1869. Upon his removal to York, Pa., in 1904, his Synodical membership was transferred from the Miami Synod to the West Pennsylvania Synod, where it has been ever-since. He was organizer and first pastor of the Fifth Lutheran Church, Springfield Ohio, 1891-1896; of Calvary Lutheran Church, Spring- field, Ohio, 1900-1904 and of Trinity Lutheran Church, York, Pa., 1913-1917. During these pastorates the congregations were pro- vided with buildings and self-supporting membership developed in each. His literary works have consisted of articles on historical, educational and churchly subjects, which have appeared in The Lutheran Quarterly, The Lutheran Church Review and in the publications of the Board of Education. In addition to the three pastorates served, he has been editor and manager of The Luth- eran World, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1895-1897; editor and manager of Lutheran Church Work, the official Weekly of the General Synod, 1912-1916; editor and manager of Lutheran Church Work and Observer, 1916-1919; and manager of The Lutheran, 1919; Ex- ecutive Secretary of the Board of Education of the General Synod and of the United Lutheran Church in America since 1904. During his ministry he has been a member of the Board of Trustees of Wittenberg College, President of the State Luther League of Ohio, Secretary and President of the Miami Synod, President of the West Pennsylvania Synod and active in the Home Mission work of the York County Conference. He was married, June 10, 1897, to Miss Julia Agnes Small, of York, Pa., and lived from 1897 to 1904, in Springfield, Ohio, and since that date in York, Pa. There have been four children born to them; Luther Alexander, educated at Gettysburg College and Seminary and ordained by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1921 and now a Missionary in India; David E. §., educated at Gettys- burg College and now teaching in the York County Academy; Mary F.S8., now a student at Elmira College, Elmira, N. Y., and Julia 8., who died in infancy. MINISTERS WITHOUT CHARGES 181 REV. CHARLES Hi HUBER, Lrrr. D. Charles H. Huber, the son of Rev. Eli and Mary Ellen (Dei- bert) Huber, was born on June 7, 1871, at Nebraska City, Neb. The early years of his father’s service in the ministry were spent in home missionary work on the western frontiers of our country. Later he occupied im- portant pastorates in Pennsyl- vania and gave the last years of his active life to the professor- ship of the English Bible at Pennsylvania College, Gettys- burg. The subject of our sketch re- celved his education in the pub- lic schools of Philadelphia, and after further preparatory train- ing at Gettysburg Academy he entered Gettysburg College in the fall of 1888. He was graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1892. He completed his theological course in the Seminary at Gettys- burg in 1896, and in the same year was granted the degree of A. M. by his Alma Mater. He was honored with the degree of Doc- tor of Literature by Gettysburg College in 1914. He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod at its meeting in Chambersburg in 1894 and ordained by the same Synod at Hanover in 1896. In the fall of 1892 he became an instructor in Gettysburg Academy; the following year he was made Vice-principal of the Academy, continuing at the same time his course of study at the Theological Seminary. With recognized ability as a teacher, when the office of Headmaster of the Academy became vacant in 1896 he was elected to this important responsibility, and has continued to serve in this capacity until the present. Under his adminis- tration the Academy has made steady progress; the material equipment has been more than doubled, but the increase of ap- plications for enrollment has more than kept pace with the ac- commodations that have been added. ST. PAUL'S LUTHERAN GHURCH, YORK Co., PA: This church is located about five miles Southeast of Hanover, in Manheim township, York County. It is a union of the Luth- eran and Reformed congregations. Before the erection of a church house, the pastors held services for several years in what is known as Wildasin’s School House. In 1858 a brick building was erected on the church property, which stood until 1901, when the present building was erected. This building is a commodious brick structure, equipped with electric lights and has a beautiful cem- etery adjoining. | The present total membership is 547. A prosperous Sunday School is conducted by the joint congregation. Some of the pastors serving this congregations were: Rey. D. P. Rosenmiller Rev. J. A. Metzger Rev. M. J. Alleman Rev. D. B. Lau Rev. P. Warner Rev. 8. L. Hench Rev. 8S. Yingling Rev. George E. Sheffer Rev. D. J. Hauer Rev. A. M. Hollinger ADAMS CouNTY CONFERENCE 287 REV. 8S. M. MOUNTZ PASTOR OF THE YORK SPRINGS CHARGE Rev. Mountz was educated at the Cumberland Valley Institute, Central Penna. College, and took a special course in Missionary Institute, now Susquehanna Uni- versity. In 1889 he was received into the Susquehanna Synod and served the Lairdsville and Mont- gomery charges in the Susque- hanna Synod. He also served a congregation in McKeesport and the First Lutheran church, But- ler, Pa. He was then called to the old and historic Trinity Luth- eran Church, New Holland, Pa., where he served for 19 years during which time the church was twice repaired and he was instrumental in collecting $13,- 000.00 as endowment. Since coming to York Springs the congre- gation under his leadership has greatly improved their church, frescoing, painting and other material improvements. The church at Chestnut Grove was also improved and all improvements paid for as they came due. A churchly spirit is being cultivated in the people. WORKS SPRING ss PARTS i Rev. 8. M. Mountz, Pastor The York Springs parish is composed of three congregations— York Springs, Chestnut Grove and Lower Bermudian. Owing to the very incomplete record—and in some instances none at all—it is impossible to give a correct and detailed account of the formation of this charge. No record has been found of the or- ganization of any of the churches. ‘The first account of any pas- toral services being held was that conducted by the Rev. John Ulrich, who served these people from 1842 to 1855, after which it seems there was a vacancy for about five years. In 1860 the Rev. John Raby received a call and served the charge till 1864. He was followed by the Rev. 8. A. K. Francis, D. D., in 1865, who was their pastor till 1867. The Rev. Dr. Francis died a short time ago in the city of Philadelphia where he had been pastor of a Lutheran congregation for many years. Rev. D. M. Blackwelder succeeded Dr. Francis and served the congregations 288 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD from ’67 to ’70; and he in turn was followed by Rev. J. B. Anthony who was pastor here for but one year. Rev. 8. A. Hedges was the next pastor and served from ’71 to 775. Rev. John W. Breid- enbach served as pastor from ’78 to ’82, and in ’83 was followed by the Rev. Adam Stump from ’83 to ’85. For some reason no regular pastor was called till 1889, as during the time from ’86 to ’89 the Rev. David Z. Foulk served only as a supply pastor. In 1889 the Rev. John W. Reese received and accepted a call to the pastorate and served them for ten years, resigning in 1899, when the Rev. John Brubaker was called and served for only one year. In 1901 the Rev. J. Frank Heilman was called and became the pastor and served the charge till 1904. His successor was the Rev. Stanley Billheimer, in 1904, and he remained as such till 1910. Rev. Dr. Billheimer is now pastor of the Palmyra Lutheran church in the East Penna. Synod, of which Synod he is now President. In 1911 Rev. Paul Gladfelter became pastor and served faithfully and well till 1920, when he resigned in order to accept a call to the Lutheran parish at Abbottstown, where he is still serving. On the first of October, 1922, Rev. 5. M. Mountz accepted a call to the pastorate of this charge and is now serving them. CHAPTER XVIT CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE REV BAHN THOMAS PASTOR OF ST. JOHN’S LUTHERAN CHURCH The subject of this sketch was born at York, Pa., September 2nd, 1864. He attended public schools at York up to the “A Grammar” grade, then entered the York County Academy. Was a student there for two years. After a short period of service in the drug business in the city of Baltimore, he was taken sick and returned home to York, Pa., during which time determination was made to take up studies preparatory to entering college as a student for the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He united with Christ Luth- erate ONUrGh ee Ole. sy Oran La, during the first vear of the Rev. George W. Enders’ pastorate, in 1882, by the rite of confirmation. He entered Gettysburg College in 1885, graduated with the class of 1889, and entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Pa., in the fall of the same year and graduated in 1892. Ordained by the West Pennsylvania Synod, October 16, 1892. He took charge of St. Peter’s Lutheran Church (Mission) North York, Pa., August 7th, 1892. After a service as pastor there of over eleven years he resigned to take charge of Bethany Lutheran Church, Altoona, Pa., October Ist, 1903, continuing as pastor until May 30th, 1905. Served as pastor of the following Churches thereafter :— Redeemer Lutheran Church of Harrisburg, Pa.—June 1, 1905, to February 28, 1910; St. John’s Lutheran Church, Boiling Springs, Pa.—March 1, 1910, to August 31, 1914; Second Lutheran Church of Chambersburg, Pa.—September 1, 1914, to November 30, 1918. He took up work as Camp-pastor (Asst. Chaplaincy) in New- port News, Va., under the direction of the National Lutheran Council, December 1, 1918, resigning February 14, 1920. Acted as Secretary of Brotherhood work in the same place from Sep- tember 15, 1919, until the resignation of Camp-pastor work. 289 290 History oF Wrest PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD During this period of activity he had charge of religious and Brotherhood work in Camps Stuart, Hill, Morrison, Alexander, Langley Field, Norfolk Navy Base, and the Hospitals HEmbar- kation and Hampton Roads. Upon relinquishing this work, he took charge of the mission at Bristol, Pa.,—Zion Lutheran Church —continuing as pastor until December 31, 1922. He became pastor of St. John’s Lutheran Church of Boiling Springs for the second time, January 1, 1923. Married to Miss Fannie Kettler of York, Pa., on September Ist, 1892. They have one daughter, Mrs. William M. Bucher of Boiling Springs, Pa.. and four grandchildren -by her: William Thomas, Theodore Gail, Jared Bahn and Paul Gilbert Bucher. ST. JOHN’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, BOILING SPRINGS, PA. Rev. T. Bann Tuomas, Pastor St. JOHN’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, BOILING SPRINGS, Pa. We cull the following paragraphs from the first record made by pastor, the Rev. A. G. Fastnacht, October 1, 1875. “The Lutheran brethren of Boiling Springs and Mount Holly Springs, Pa., feeling the need of Lutheran congregations and CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 291 churches in their midst, reported their desire to the Synod of West Pennsylvania, meeting at Carlisle, Pa., in September, 1872. After due deliberation as to the practicability and need of organi- zations at the above places: the Synod agreed that they were both practicable and necessary. A committee was subsequently ap- pointed to effect the organization of congregations at both the above named places. The committee consisted of the Revs. L. A. Gotwald, C. 8. Albert and R. H. Fleck; and the organization was effected on the 13th day of October, 1872, with 21 members at Mt. Holly Springs and 12 members at Boiling Springs. “For a short time the congregations were supplied with preaching by the Cumberland Valley Conference. Early in 1873 the Rev. A. G. Fastnacht, then a licentiate in the Theological Seminary of Gettysburg, was elected as the first pastor of the charge and began his work on the 4th of April, 1873. “Tt was about this time that the congregation bought its present church property from the German Reformed Congrega- tion for $2500.00. Pastor Fastnacht resigned the 22nd of August, 1875, said resignation taking effect the following October Ist. During the few years of Rev. Fastnacht’s pastorate the member- ship increased from 12 to 40.” From March Ist, 1876, to March Ist, 1878, the Rev. A. H. Aughe was pastor. Rev. M.S. Cressman served as pastor from July Ist, 1878, until May Ist, 1882. During his pastorate much- needed repairs were made to the church building. The record of membership shows that during the service of Revs. Aughe an Cressman the numerical strength of the congregation increased over 100 per cent. July Ist, 1882, the Rev. M. D. Gaver took charge as pastor and continued as such until May 25th, 1890. A paragraph from his record tells that when he entered upon his work a burdensome and worrying debt of over $1600.00 and accrued interest rested upon the congregation. A concerted effort to raise this indebted- ness proved successful and the whole was paid in April, 1889. Thirty-nine members were added to the enrollment. Rev. Gaver resigned May 25th, 1890. It was during the year 1890 that the charge was divided. October 15th of this year, the Rev. Albert Bell assumed charge as pastor and continued as such until December 31st, 1893, when he became and is still the pastor of St. Luke’s Lutheran Church of York, Pa. During pastor Bell’s term of service fifty names were added to the church roll. June 10th, 1894, the Rev. T. B. Birch was elected pastor, and accepted the call extended to him, becoming pastor September ist, 1894. He remained with the congregation until July 20th, 1896, when he resigned to become teacher of Latin in Irving College. He was followed by Rev. G. W. McSherry, who entered upon his work March Ist, 1898. It was during the pastorate of 292 History or Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Rev. McSherry that a number of legacies were left to the Church, the interest of which was and is to be devoted towards pastor’s salary. The pastorate of Rev. McSherry, which ended in 1903, saw the communicant membership increase to about 100. The Rev. Harry B. Ernest assumed the pastorate October 1, 1903, and continued until July 31, 1907. Individual Communion Cups were introduced, a new large Moller Reed Organ placed in the auditorium, and the parsonage repaired. Rev. W. 8. Bonnell entered upon the field May 1, 1908, and served as pastor until the Fall of 1909. March 1, 1910, Rev. T. Bahn Thomas began work as pastor and continued until August 31, 1914, when he relinquished the work to become pastor of the Second Lutheran Church of Cham- bersburg, Pa. During his term of office, extensive repairs were made to both the parsonage and the church; the latter becoming necessary as the result of a disastrous fire which damaged the whole interior of the church, necessitating the expenditure of over $500.00. Mr. M. B. Embeck presented a magnificent bronze cross to the congregation, for the use of the altar which he pre- sented later to the congregation during the time of the pastorate of the Rev. U. A. Guss, who assumed charge of the Church as pastor November Ist, 1914. Rev. Guss served as pastor until December 7, 1917. The congregation was served by student Wiliam J. Sunday as supply pastor during July, August and September, 1918. The Rev. D. S. Weimer was pastor from April 1, 1919, to June 15, 1920. Rev. Dr. Luther Kuhlman was pastor from September 1, 1920, until September 1, 1922. January 1, 1923, the Rev. T. Bahn Thomas became pastor of the congregation for the second time. A new heating plant was installed in the fall of 1923; and the auditorium recarpeted, and the Sunday School room repainted and also recarpeted at a total cost of over $1200.00, all of which has been paid at this writing. The congregation is actively engaged in the work of spreading the Master’s Kingdom. It has a flourishing Sunday School, and active Ladies’ Aid Society, a Woman’s Missionary Society, and a C. E. Society. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 293 TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, CAMP HILL, PA. Rev. Wituiam E. Swoorr, Pastor Rev. William Elwood Swoope, Pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, was born April 18th, 1893, in the city of Altoona. Baptised and confirmed in Grace Lutheran Church, Altoona. At- tended public and High schools of Altoona. Left Altoona High for Preparatory school at Susque- hanna University in the year 1911. Entered the University in 1912. Graduated from Univer- sity in 1916. Entered Dickinson School of Law fall of 1916. Left Law School for war work in the Y. M. C. A. at Houston; Texas, Camp Logan. Served in this organization from December 2, 1917 to March 1, 1918. Enlisted in United States Navy March 8th, 1918. Discharged February 18, 1919. Entered Seminary at Susquehanna March, 1919. Licensed by Central Pennsylvania Synod October 7th, 1920. Graduated from Seminary June 16th, 1921. Ordained May 12th, 1921. Married June 22nd, 1921. Served his first charge, Watsontown Pastorate of the Susque- hanna Synod, from January Ist, 1921, until February 29th, 1924. Started work in his present charge, Trinity Lutheran Church, Camp Hill, Pa., March 9th, 1924. 294 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD TRINITY EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH CAMP HILL, PA. Rev. WILLIAM E. Swoorpet, PASTOR TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, CAMP Hitt, Pa. The Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Camp Hill dates from September 13, 1897, when, in pursuance of a resolution passed by the Cumberland Valley Conference of the West Penn- sylvania Synod, a meeting was held and a temporary organization formed. At this meeting Revs. Dr. E. D. Weigle, Dr. H. B. Wile, Mr. J. Kistler, Mr. H. R. Fleck and Mr. Harry Heyd were ap- pointed a committee to take charge of the work. Subsequently the names of Rev. T. B. Birch and Mr. Jacob Hurst were added, and the committee thus enlarged effected a formal organization on April 24, 1898. From the time of the temporary organization services were held once a week in the White Hall Soldiers’ Orphan School building, Rev. Dr. Weigle serving as pastor in charge. He was assisted at various times by members of the conference com- mittee and by Revs. D. M. Gilbert, M. H. Stine, M. P. Hocker, Luther DeYoe, C. Rollin Sherck and Fred J. Baum. There were thirty-six charter members. The Sunday School connected with the church was formed soon after the temporary organization of the church and has grown with the growth of the church. By the direction of a congregational meeting held on Apri[ 30, 1898, a plot of ground was bought preparatory to building a church edifice; and at a meeting held July 24, 1898, the first steps were taken for its erection. Plans and specifications were pre- pared and adopted and ground broken for the new building on March 6, 1899. The money for the erection of the church was CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 295 contributed by the communicant membership and friends of the congregation in various places and by the Board of Church Ex- tension of the General Synod. Reva WrctEe. Dat: iWheshirst, Pastors Dre HeD. Weigle, took charge April 1, 1912. Dr. Weigle served the Camp Hill Church as a non-resident pastor from 1898 until 1912, When by the grace of God and the efforts of Dr. Weigle the church had grown to the extent that it was advisable for it to have a permanent minister. The congregation called Dr. Weigle as their first pastor. When the parsonage was completed and ready for occupancy Dr. Weigle became the pastor on the field. He served in this capacity faith- fully and well until the Master called him home on August 28, 1923. Twelve years of friendship- making, twelve years of molding of characters, twelve years of soul winning, twelve years of service in the Master’s name, that will never be forgotten as long as memory holds a seat In our minds. If success crowns the efforts of this congregation in the future the credit and the praise must be given to that one who labored so hard and earnestly when this parish was in its in- fancy. He laid well the foundations on which the church of to-day is flourish- ing. The name of Dr. E. D. Weigle, God’s faithful servant, will always be honored in Trinity Luther- an Church. TRINITY LUTHERAN PARSONAGE CAMP Hitt, PA. Rev. William Elwood Swoope was called to succeed Dr. E. D. Weigle as pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church February 24, 1924. He entered upon his duties March 9, 1924. The present pastor finds that under the administration of Dr. E. D. Weigle the church grew from a handful of souls until to-day 296 HistoRy oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD it has a confirmed membership of 303 souls with a Sunday School of over 200 members. On March 2, 1924, the congregation dedicated a new Estey Organ to the memory of Dr. E. D. Weigle. ed ONE, ats Wit MM KOIKC B15 13). Pastor OF First LUTHERAN CHURCH, CARLISLE, Pa. The present pastor, Rev. A. R. Steck, D. D., is the son of the late Rev. Daniel Steck, D. D., and of Mrs. Susan M. (Edwards) Steck. Dr. Steck comes of a ministerial family, on his father’s side, there having been in the early part of his ministry a list of eight active ministers of that name in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the General Synod. In the early pioneer period the Rev. John Michael Steck min- istered for many years in the region about Greensburg, Pa.., where his descendants still abide. He was succeeded by his son John Michael Steck, who con- tinued the devoted labors of his father thru a long succession of years. Both left an honorable record for faithful and self-sacrificing toil. From the Eastern branch of the family came Dr. Daniel Steck, Dr. Jacob Steck, Dr. Charles T. Steck, Dr. John M. Steck, Dr. W. H. Steck, Dr. Charles F. Steck, Rev. W. F. Steck, the Rev. Charles F. Steck, Jr., and the subject of this sketch, Rev. Dr. A. R. Steck. The latter was born August 8, 1861, in Lancaster, Pa., when his father was pastor of St. John’s Lutheran Church in that city. He was confirmed by his father in St. James’ Lutheran Church in Gettysburg, Pa., in the spring of 1876. He matriculated in Get- tysburg College in the fall of 1879, from which institution he was graduated in 1882. Under constraint of the Holy Spirit he chose the ministry of redeeming truth as his life work. He was received into the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg in the fall of 1883, from which he was graduated in the spring of 1886. He was licensed to preach by the West Pennsylvania Synod in the city of York, Pa., in the fall of 1885, in St. Paul’s Evangelical CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 297 Lutheran Church. Accepting a call to the Lutheran Church in Stewartsville, N. J., in the spring of 1886, he entered upon his labors there July 1, following. He was ordained by the East Pennsylvania Synod in the fall of 1886. Continuing with the pastorate at Stewartsville for the period of five vears, he was induced to accept a call to the First Lutheran Church of Indianapolis where he labored for three years, from 1891 to 1894, when he was unanimously called to St. James’ Church, Gettysburg, Pa., the congregation formerly served by his father, Dr. Daniel Steck. Dr. Steck’s labor at St. James’ Church extended through a period of nine years, amid blessed memories, and local conditions of unsurpassed interest. The Union Lutheran Church of York, Pa., made vacant by the resignation of Dr. Fastnacht, extended a call to Dr. Steck under conditions which constrained him to accept. He took charge in the early summer of 1908, and remained there for nearly twelve vears. At the close of this period, he was unanimously called to the First Church of Carlisle, taking charge, in succession to Rev. Dr. G. M. Diffenderfer, February 1, 1914, and where he still labors at the time of this sketch. Under the ministry of Dr. Steck, the church in Stewartsville was enlarged and beautified. The Church of St. James, Gettys- burg, was renovated and improved. Falling heir to a debt in Carlisle of some $20,000 on the imposing edifice of the First Church, his people there, with fine devotion, have removed the last dollar of indebtedness thereon. In the various congregations served by Dr. Steck, under the earnest preaching of fundamental, practical Christianity, the peo- ple have preserved the spirit of peace and harmony, and have annually presented to the treasury of God’s house increasing sums of money with which to extend the church work at home and abroad. Dr. Steck received the “Doctorate” from his Alma Mater, Gettysburg College, in the year 1903, conferred, as he was about to take up his work in York, as a testimonial to his loyalty to the College and for faithful work in his Gettysburg pastorate. Dr. Steck for many years was Secretary of the Board of Di- rectors of the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, and continues still to be one of its Di ectors. He is President of the Board of Trustees of Irving College and Conservatory of Music at Mechan- icsburg, Pa., and member of the Examining and Education Com- mittees of West Pennsylvania Snyod. He was married in 1891 to Miss Bertha Melick of Phillips- burg, N. J. The living children of Dr. and Mrs. Steck are Mal- colm M. Steck, of Camden, N. J., J. Catharine, Richard Caroll, Roger Harold, R. Margaret, and Charles Edwards, at home. 298 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD EIRST LULAERAN CHURCH, CARLISEE, PAG Rav. A. Re Steck, D. D:, Pastor First LUTHERAN CHURCH, CARLISLE Pa. When Carlisle was little more than a frontier town, about the year 1765, the congregation was established. ‘There is much obscurity as to the actual date, but we gain this date from the borough charter which states that about the year 1765 this con- eregation was organized. If the date of the birth of the Rev. Jacob Goering, the first minister of this church of whom we have any knowledge, was in 1745, he then commenced to labor here in 1765; but, if he was born in 1755, then this congregation was served for 10 years by ministers unknown. We do not know in what year the fzrst house of worship was erected. The first one was a Union Church, built jointly by the Lutheran and Reform- ed congregations, on South Hanover street, near South, upon the lot occupied by the now unused Reformed graveyard. It was. built of logs. The first known minister was the above-mentioned Rev. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 299 Jacob Goering. He spent his boyhood in York County, and was then noted for his intense love of learning. At the age of twenty he entered the ministry, assuming as his first charge Carlisle and the adjacent territory, an indefinite expression, as it is more than probable that he served in Cumberland, York, Franklin and Perry counties, riding many miles to remote preaching stations, since it Was no uncommon occurrence for the men of those days to ride to points thirty and forty miles away. ‘The services were exclu- sively German. There are no records of his pastoral labors, the earliest we possess being of the vear 1788. He resigned the Car- lisle charge in the year 1780, removing to York, where, with the exception of one year, he remained until his death, which took place in the year 1807. The next pastor of the congregation was Rev. John George Butler, who was born in the year 1754. He served as a soldier in the war of the Revolution. He was a true soldier of the cross, bold and fearless. His first labors in the ministry commenced here in the year 1780. He found great demoralization prevalent in the town, owing to vices occasioned by the war of the Revo- lution. He labored very earnestly in Carlisle for six or eight years, as the records are uncertain as to date of departure. It is said that he was a plain, practical, pungent preacher. He pub- lished a sermon delivered to his Carlisle congregation, in the year 1784, the theme of which was “The Duty of True Heart-prayer.’’ He knew evidently the power of prayer by actual experience, and, devout and godly himself, he lamented the drawing nigh to God with the lips and not with the heart. He was one, as all our ministers indeed have been almost without exception, who zealously and diligently cultivated the catechization of his young people; and it is said that oft in his earnestness he was moved to tears by strong desire for the salvation of the souls of those he loved, and by his entreaties melted their hearts until all were weeping together. One fact is clear that our pastors in those days were not paid extravagant salaries, since Rev. J. G. Butler received at Cum- berland, Md., to which place he removed after his resignation of the Carlisle charge, $105, and that too from a charge whose preach- ing stations were from forty to sixty miles apart. Rev. J. G. Butler, it may be interesting to note, was the grandfather of Dr. Butler of Washington, D. C. The successor of Rev. Butler was Rev. F. D. Schaeffer, who came here most probably in the year 1786, and continued here until 1790. He is known to have preached in Cumberland and York counties and as one of his successors, Rev. John Herbst, was pastor to a church in Duncannon, it is probable he also had this remote point under his care. The first church record we possess was commenced by him in 1787. The first child baptized was Anna Judith Zeigler, daughter of John Jacob and Catharine 300 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Zeigler. The first communion noted by him was held on the fourth Sunday in Advent in the year 1787, at which time 12 were confirmed and 31 communed. Rev. Schaeffer was an able and learned man who bears an honorable record himself and who left behind him sons who stand foremost among the ministers of our church. He went from here to Germantown and served that con- gregation for 22 vears. Rev. Adam Henry Meyer followed him, a man who at least knew some Latin, judging by the Latin he used in the church records, and, who writes himself Philosophiz Magister, Master of Philosophy. We know very little about him, as we have no sources of information except the records themselves. He yearly confirmed a class of catechumens; but his register of communions contains no higher number of communicants than 38. Familiar names are now more plentiful, Schaeffer, Spahr, Zeigler, Egolff, Wonderlich being of frequent occurrence. .He appears to have left in the beginning of 17938, and was succeeded by Rev. John Herbst. The church records fail again as there is an entire blank with the exception of the entry of three infant baptisms in the vear 1814. From other sources we learn that Rev. Herbst was faithful in the performance of his duties, and as he labored here for several years at least, preaching in a difficult and arduous field, riding over a vast extent of territory, embracing all the county between Duncannon and Carlisle, he was made of stern material. He was succeeded by Rev. Frederick Sanno, a doubtful doc- ument says, in 1802. He was a man of undoubted ability, with a decided bent towards mechanical pursuits. He ran a wool- spinning factory in his house, on the southwest corner of South Hanover and Pomfret streets. He was exceedingly handsome and also popular. It was during his ministry that the Lutheran and Reformed congregations dissolved their union. The Lutherans proceeded to erect a church on Bedford near Louther Street. It is said that funds were raised by means of a lottery, a practice we cannot sanction and yet, we ourselves indulge in, when we chance articles at fairs. The cornerstone was laid in the year 1807. If the church had not burned down afterwards, this would have been the extent of our information; but, after the conflagration, and destruction of the old walls, the cornerstone Was examined, and within it was found a leaden box, about 6 by 4 inches, the lid of which bore the simple inscription, ‘‘Rev. Friedrich Sanna” 1807. The leaden box contained nothing, but an old German catechism together with the notice of the laying of the cornerstone. We perceive that already the English was making inroads upon the German and demanding some privileges. The church was entered by two doors on Bedford St. It was much wider than deep. The pulpit was on the west side, one of the old cup- shaped pulpits, with a sounding board above it. Galleries ran CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 301 around the other three sides. There was ample room for them as the ceiling was very high. Rev. Sanno remained here until 1814. The next incumbent was Rev. John P. Hecht, a young man, whose stay was very short, as he came in 1814 and left at the close’ of 1815. We know little of him. One record of communion is given and that indicates a weak congregation, as but 13 partici- pated. He was succeeded by that very worthy man, who is beloved by all that knew him, Rev. Benjamin Keller, who came to this place in the beginning of the year 1816. This was his first charge. Under his wise and godly administration, the congregation enters upon a new life. The first communion shows a total attendance of 125. He cares for the young, builds a parochial school house, and afterwards founds the Sunday School. We have from this time accurate information. The church records are kept with fidelity and precision. The charge at this time was composed of eight congregations, some of which, however, it appears, were given over to other charges during his ministry. The churches were Carlisle, Church- town, Trindle Springs, St. John’s below Mechanicsburg, Upper Frankford, Lower Frankford, a congregation in Perry, and one unknown. It is now that the English language and services begin to make rapid advances. We find that the first English com- munion was held on the 11th of April, 1824, at which time 32 English catechumens were confirmed and 69 others communed with them. In 1825, it was resolved by the vestry that services should be held alternately every Sunday in’ the German and English languages, English now claiming equality with the Ger- man. In 1827, a request was made by the Faculty of Dickinson College that seats in the church might be provided for the use of the students of said college. The request was granted and certain pews set apart for them. Whether the cause of this was the large proportion of English preaching, or, the desire to establish friendly relations that the Lutherans might bring here their Theologi- cal Seminary we are unable to decide. The facts concerning the seminary are the following. This congregation had now become one of the influential churches of the Lutherans. Her minister and one of her members held seats in the first Board of Directors of the Theological Seminary. The seminary not being located, was open to proposals from various towns with regard to definite site. ‘Carlisle proposed to give $2,000 in money, a house for the professor to reside in for five years, and $3,000 towards erect- ing a building for the Seminary. In addition they proposed to give a lot to the Seminary,—if a proposition of the Trustees of Dickinson College was not accepted. The Trustees offered the use of a room in the college edifice for the lectures of the Professor —a lot of ground, one hundred feet square, convenient and eligible, 302 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD situated in the college square— the use of the college library to the students—gratuitous access to the lectures of the Principal, and Professors of Moral Philosophy, Natural Theology, Political Economy and Necessity and Evidences of Divine Revelation— on condition that the Professor of the Theological Seminary should act as a member of the Faculty and as a Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Literature in the college.’ As Gettysburg only offered $7,000, the liberal spirit of Carlisle almost gained the day. Rev. B. Keller appears to have administered the affairs of the congregation with the happiest and most blessed results. Harmony everywhere prevailed, the church flourished, large ad- ditions were made to its membership—in one year, for example 84 members Were confirmed. His life was beautiful in its christian spirit; and his wise amiability won the love and kept the affections of his people. A young man of vigorous intellect, of warm af- fections, of untiring zeal, of fervent piety he could not fail to succeed. After twelve years of ministry he resigned Carlisle for Germantown. In the early part of the year 1828, Rev. C. F. Heyer became the pastor, remaining not quite two years. He was a man of earnest, evangelical spirit. When a strong appeal was made on the floor of Synod for men to devote themselves to the Foreign Mission work, he arose and shaking back his long locks, with noble self-sacrificing zeal, cried out, ‘I am no longer young, but, I am willing to go.’ An indication of his spirit is given in the following words written by himself upon the occasion of his last communion services with this congregation: ‘Every member of the vestry, and other persons belonging to this congregation communed with the exception of six or eight young men, some of whom are teachers in§.8. It will perhaps be advisable for my successor at the next communion, to speak to them in particular that he may not have cause at the commencement of his labors here, to enter the same charge against them, which I have reluctantly brought forward on this occasion.” During his ministry the mother church sent out another colony, the Sulphur Springs congregation, which was or- ganized in 1829. Rev. Chas. F. Schaeffer, of Philadelphia, was unanimously called to be pastor of this congregation on the 20th of October, 1830. It is not often that a congregation enjoys the ministrations of father and son. Cha. Schaeffer was the son of Rev. F. D. Schaeffer, D. D., the third pastor of the church. The charge now consists of Churchtown, Frankford, Sulphur Springs and Car- lisle. This was his first charge also. Whoever knows Dr. Schaef- fer, faithful, godly, patient, pains-taking both as a student and preacher, of fine intellect, distinguished for accuracy and research, can infer that the congregation was ably served by him. He later became President of the Faculty of the Theological Seminary of CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 303 the General Council in Philadelphia, having under him some of the best talent of the church. The funds of the church were not administered with much ability. Notwithstanding they received a legacy from Mrs. Margaret Rine, of $1000, (who also presented the church with communion service,) and another from the Cope estate of $1830, they could not avoid running into debt, which caused them much trouble. Rev. C. F. Schaeffer left on the 24th day of August, 1834, for Hagerstown, and was followed by Rev. John Ulrich, of Woodstock, Va., who preached his first sermon as pastor, on the 30th of November, 1834. It is chronicled by Rev. Ulrich, that during his ministry, protracted meetings were held, one of which, in 1837, resulted in the conversion of sixty-five or seventy souls. There can be no doubt of his faithfulness. He was a plain, practical speaker, a man of warm heart, and a hard-working and diligent pastor. His brethren esteemed him as his election to the Presidency of his Synod declares. He preached his farewell sermon on the 13th of November, removing to Petersburg. He was here as pastor, eight years. He in the last years of his life, resided here again, and died on the 16th of May, 1862, and was buried from this church. Rev. J. N. Hoffman, the next pastor, came in the beginning of the year 1848, from Chambersburg. The Carlisle congregation is now a self-sustaining post. In this same year a project, which had been agitated under the previous pastor, viz.: to alter the church by putting in a basement for lecture and Sunday School purposes, Was carried into effect. The building committee were: R. Angney, Henry Myers, Chas Fleager, Jacob Spangler. At that time the church owned all the ground from its site to Louther street. Alas! Our fathers now sold it, selling the corner lot at $350, and the other three at $250 each. The church was remodel- ed, but at what cost we cannot say. An interesting item appears in 1845, which states that the vestry gave twenty dollars for all benevolent purposes, quite a contrast to the present liberality of the church. We also find the trouble arising out of the conflict of the German and English in- terests becoming more complicated. A petition is sent to Synod, which sets forth that they do not receive a just share of preaching in German and asking for redress. The Synod declined to take action, referring it back to the Vestry. The Vestry refused to grant the petition and disciplined some of those who presented it as misrepresenting facts. On the night of Tuesday, the 11th of March, 1851, about midnight, a fire broke out in Carlisle in a stable belonging to a hotel on Hanover street. The fire soon spread to the adjoining stables and buildings, and soon extended to the roof of the Luth- eran church, which was entirely consumed. The walls, which 304 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD were firm and massive, remained standing until Saturday, March 15th, 1851, when the congregation assembled and, after much exertion, pulled them down. The building was not insured. On Wednesday evening, the 12th, the council met and determined to solicit subscriptions for immediate re-building. The building committee first appointed were Chas. Fleager, David Smith, David Sipe, Jacob Beetem, John Goodyear. It was determined that the size of the church should be 70 ft. by 52. Mr. Jacob Beetem took the contract and agreed to put up the entire building for the sum of $5,250. Subscriptions were immediately taken and efforts made, among all denominations, to obtain contributions. Few persons refused, though most others gave but small sums, yet all gave a little. The work was at once commenced by Jacob and George Beetem, and though delayed by the unusually cold winter of ’51-’52, vet it was completed and ready for worship at the end of May, 1852. Until the lecture room was finished, in December, 51, the congregation worshipped in the Second Presbyterian Church, which kindly opened its house for them, for which this Church will ever hold them in grateful remembrance. ) BY CHCl Aas Te wet Ba dos ta ot lM anc Ae, teal 1862-1864 HB Kuhn gered sere Seni oRh Phac SIA 2 hard a ee ee 1864-1868 Fo Schoppy terete Pt 28h stg |e ee ee 1868-1869 H&G USCHINiC teens con oR ens 1869-1870: Bia Hocers yee wees tr i A CON gd tan See 1870-1875 Gap clinic Geert ahh © doe kel 00 'cs sete eng oe 1875-1876 Otto Einole ss vee peewee tt ay a en eee ee 1877-1878 Hie Daron a ier age oe 2 aks ee = cee oe Nv ee! eee 1878-1883 Philp a WiCtich = oe eam erent. ea nc rhein ears ee ace 1883-1885 Fs Wittich:. sere ae eye lee eens .... 1885-1886 BoB Katze eee i i gt as che ee 1888-1890 Wis COSELdGI ae Nota eaters Poa 0e Ura np ane 1890-1895 SECOND GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH, CARLISLE, PA. The pastor’s salary was from $300 to $400, except for a period when the Board of Home Missions gave $200 per annum additional. Pastor Seidel left the following record: “This congregation has passed through many trying ordeals, partly from external causes, and largely from internal characteristics, holding too tenaciously to the German language. The children left them and united with other congregations. Finally about 1890, some Eng- lish preaching was permitted and English literature used in the Sunday School.” A call was extended to Rev. Harry Bixler Stock, a Senior of the Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, to become the pastor. The call was accepted, to become effective June 1, 1896. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE ald The congregation petitioned the Court to amend the charter, making all the services in the English language, and changing the name to “The St. Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Borough of Carlisle, Pa.’? The charter was amended and con- firmed by the Court, July 28, 1896. The reorganized congregation soon took on new life, and at once began preparations for a new building in another part of the town. A lot,on West Louther Street, 60 by 200 feet, was purchased December 7, 1896, for $3800. A strip of ground 20 St. Pauu’s LUTHERAN CHURCH, CARLISLE, PA. feet on North West Street by 60 feet deep, as an entrance to the proposed Chapel, was bought February 18, 1898, for $750. Ground breaking for the new chapel was held May 30, 1898; the cornerstone was laid September 4, 1898, and the chapel dedicated May 14, 1899. The total cost of the building including furnishings was $13,748.09. The former church building, Bedford and Pomfret Streets, 316 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD was sold to the Trustees of the Carlisle Presbytery, April 1, 1900, for $2000. The corner property adjoining the chapel property was bought February 2, 1904, for $5750. Ground breaking services for the completed church structure were held April 24, 1905. The cornerstone laying services were held September 3, 1905. The church was dedicated May 19, 1907. The total cost including furnishings was $44,783.27. The last dollar of indebtedness on the entire church building was paid June 24, 1923. The entire cost of grounds, buildings, equipment and interest amounted to about $87,000. The church has the following organizations in addition to the Sunday School: Senior C. E. organized October 17, 1896; Junior C. E., January 14, 1900; Intermediate C. E., June 8, 1906, reorganized 1923; Ladies’ Mite Society, September 2, 1896; Women’s Missionary Society, May 9, 1900; Gleaners’ Mission Band, (now The Light Brigade) September 20, 1902; Young People’s Missionary Society, December 9, 1920; Ushers’ Assoc- iation, November 29, 1907; Boy Scouts, 1923. The congregation decided November 11, 1923, to support a Missionary in India, and the Board assigned Miss Clara Leaman, a former member of the congregation, as the Missionary. Muss Leaman went to India in October, 1928. The congregation has given one of her members as a Deacon- ess, Sister Ida (Klucker). The congregation has always met its apportionment to the Synodical benevolence and responded to all the regularly author- ized appeals of the church. The Every Member Canvass is conducted yearly. At the time of the reorganization of the congregation in 1896 there were less than fifty “members in active fellowship. The attendance at Sunday School was 52. The last report to Synod (1923) showed 485 Communicant Members, 530 Confirmed Members; 670 Baptized Members; Sunday School Membership (including Cradle Roll and Home Department) 660. The total contributions in these years for all purposes was about $170,000 of which amount $28,000 were given for benevolence. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 3 REV. HENRY ANSTADT, D. D. PASTOR OF THE First LUTHERAN CHURCH, CHAMBERSBURG, PA. Selinsgrove, Pa., was the birth place of the subject of this sketch, where he was born in 1869 of the Rev. Peter Anstadt, D. D., and his wife Elizabeth Ann (Benson) Anstadt. Before he had completed the first year of his life the family removed to York, Pa.. His religious training was gained first in the spiritual atmosphere of a pious Christian home, and continued in the Sun- day School and catechetical in- struction of Zion Lutheran Church during the pastorate of the Rev. A. W. Lilly, D. D., by whom he was received into com- municant membership in the church through the rite of con- firmation. The public schools and the York Collegiate Institute fur- nished his preparatory education; he was graduated from the latter institution in 1887 as the valedictorian of his chass. En- tering the Junior Class of Gettysburg College in the fall of 1889, after teaching school in the upper end of York County for one winter, he was graduated with the class of 1890, and was included in the honor list for class standing. Impelled by the godly ex- ample of his father, and encouraged by his older brother, the late Rev. W. W. Anstadt, he heeded the call to the gospel ministry and began his preparation at the Gettysburg Theological Sem- inary in the fall of 1890. During his second year at the Seminary he also taught in the preparatory school of the College; and during the year 1892-93 he taught in the York Collegiate Institute. He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod at York in 1892 and re-licensed the following year at Carlisle before resuming his theological course at Gettysburg in the fall of 1893. He was graduated the following spring, and selected by the faculty of the Seminary as one of the three speakers to represent the class in the commencement program. His ordination took place in the fall of 1894, in the First Lutheran Church of Chambersburg, which he is now serving as pastor. In July, 1894, he accepted an invitation to become associate pastor with the Rev. J. G. Goettman, D. D., of Trinity Lutheran Church, Allegheny, Pa., in which position he continued for one 318 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD year when he became associated with his father in the work of editing and publishing the series of International Sunday School Lesson Helps which his father had established many years before, and which had gained a good circulation among the schools of our Lutheran church. For eleven years he continued his ministry of religious education in this way, until in September, 1906, he became pastor of Christ (College) Lutheran Church of Gettys- burg, Pa. In the fall of 1911 he resigned in order to accept a call to the pastorate of Luther Place Memorial Church of Washington, D. C., upon which service he entered January 1, 1912. At the present time he is the pastor of the First Lutheran Church of Chambersburg, Pa., where his pastorate began in October, 1918. He has been honored by his Alma Mater, Gettysburg College, with the degree of A. M., in 1893, and with the degree of D. D., in 1917. He has represented his Synod at a number of meetings of the General Svnod and of the United Lutheran Church; and is at present a member of the Church Paper Committee and of the Boards of the National Lutheran Home for the Aged and the Tressler Orphans’ Home. He was married October 24, 1906, to Miss Emma Cavender Jones. They have one child, Mary Elizabeth. FIRST LUTHERAN CHURCH, CHAMBERSBURG, PA. Rev. Henry Anstapt, D. D., Pastor First LUTHERAN CHURCH, CHAMBERSBURG, PA. The first settlers of this part of the Cumberland Valley were of Scotch-Irish lineage and were consequently, as far as their re- CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 319 ligious faith and practice were concerned, Presbyterians. They were earnest and zealous in the establishment of their denomina- tion and were rewarded for their labors. But the “natural ad- vantages and beauties of our Valley,” as another puts it, had a charm for others, and we have the Scotch-Irish followed by the industrious German. These Germans were either Lutheran or Reformed in religious faith. It is said they came about the year 1740 and “located in the neighborhood of what is now known as Grindstone Hill.’”” We have no record of their having had preach- ing in their own tongue prior to 1765, when they were visited by Rev. John Bager, whose home was near Hanover and who at- tended, as best he could under the circumstances, to their spiritual wants. About the year 1770 he was succeeded by Rev. John George Young, who preached in the German language “‘in the Scotch-Irish village of Chamberstown.”’ The first Lutheran congregation in this county was organized by him and served by him until 1783, when he was succeeded by Rev. John Michael Steck. In 1780 the members of the Lutheran and Reformed congregations residing in Chambersburg united in erecting a two-storied log church building. This building was surmounted by a cupalo. For some years after its erection there were no pews, the worshippers being obliged to sit upon rough blocks cut from the roots of trees. This primitive church building stood on the ground now occupied by our present building, and was occupied jointly until the year 1808. The congregations separated about this time because of a disagreement on the question of permitting a man, who had committed suicide, to be buried in the grave yard. He was a member of the Reformed Church and the Lutheran people opposed his burial in the church yard. When the separation occurred the old log church building fell into the hands of the Lutherans. It was at once removed and a brick building erected. It was in this building that a large pipe organ, of superior tone, was built, probably the first organ of this sort in the Cumberland Valley. It must be remembered that up to 1831, the services in the Lutheran Church were conducted exclusively in the German lan- guage. In that year Rev. Benjamin Kurtz, who subsequently figured so conspicuously in the affairs of the church at large and who was so prominently identified with the educational interests of the church, recognizing the fact that the English language was destined to supercede the German in the near future, introduced alternate English and German preaching. His act was most Wise, as results have proven. It was in this year, 1831, that the con- eregation was incorporated, the corporate name being “the Elders Deacons, Trustees and members of the English Evangelical Luth- eran Church of Chambersburg.’ In 1890 a new charter was granted by the Court of Franklin County, and the corporate 320 History oF Wrest PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD name changed to the “First Evangelical Lutheran Church of Chambersburg, Pa.”’ In January, 1874, the old parsonage was sold to Mr. John Gerbig, and the ‘Nill property” on South Second Street was purchased for. $5000. In June of the same year the Building Committee was authorized to erect a two-story addition to the north side of the parsonage. With commodious porches and many modernizing improvements from time to time, this fine old colonial house still furnishes a comfortable residence for the pastor and his family. The present church edifice was erected in 1854, during the ministry of Rev. W. F. Eyster. In 1892 the pipe organ, now in use in the auditorium, was purchased from A. B. Felgemaker, of Erie, Pa. The purchasing committee were: J. P. Keefer, Samuel Gelwix, Samuel Garver, Dr. J. P. Seibert and L. B. Eyster. In order that the organ might be placed to the best advantage, and also to provide a suitable and convenient room for the primary department of the Sunday School, an annex was built to the church. Samuel Monath was both contractor and builder. Both organ and room were dedicated on Sunday, July 10, 1892. The sermon was preached by Rev. J. A. Wirt, D. D. The dedicatory act was performed by the pastor, Rev. E. H. Leisenring. Extensive improvements were made to the church in 1900, including steel ceilings, new lighting system, pews, painting and papering, totaling $6699.31 in cost, besides memorial stained glass windows and other donated improvements. In the fall of 1913 a great spiritual revival in town under the direction of the Rev. W. E. Biederwolf, D. D., brought many accessions to the church membership. Under the devoted pas- toral care and religious training of Dr. O. C. Roth they were wisely nurtured, and many of them today are numbered among the prominently faithful members of the church. At a cost of about $8000 a new one story building was erected for the use of the over-crowded primary department of the Sunday School in 1920. This addition was placed at the northwest corner of the church building and covers a space of 36x48 ft., furnishing four bright rooms, separated by canvas rolling partitions, for the beginners and three other primary classes. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 321 The congregation has always been earnestly interested in Christian missions, and is today thoroughly organized with two women’s societies, a young ladies’ society and a flourishing Light Brigade. A very practical ex- pression of this missionary in- terest Was manifested when, in January, 1924, the church through individual and Sunday School and Christian Endeavor sub- scriptions assumed the support of its own representative in the foreign field—Mr. James W. Miller, himself a son of the con- eregation, who with the valuable equipment of a skilled architect Mr. James W. MILLER had two years before accepted the call to become the builder and industrial instructor at our Lutheran mission in Liberia, Africa. Miss Marian Eyster Schmitthenner, a daughter of the First Lutheran Church, also went to the foreign field in 1921, and is now located at Tadepalligudem, Kistna Dis- trict, India. Following is the list of pastors from 1831 to the present. The year indicates the time each entered upon his ministerial work in Chambersburg. 1831—Rey. B. Kurtz,D. D:; 1833—John N. Hoffman; 1848—Samuel Sprecher, D. D.; 1850—J. L. Schock; 1858—W. F. Eyster, D. D.; 1860—Jacob Steck, D. D.; 1864—F. W. Conrad, D. D.; 1866—J. A. Kunkleman, D. D.; 1868—Irving Magee, D. D.; 1869—L. A. Gotwald, D. D.; 18/75:-—A.s. Hartman, D..D:; 1890—E. H. Leisenring, D. D.; 1908—O. C. Roth, D. D.; 1915—J. C. Nicholas, D. D.; 1918—Henry Anstadt, D. D. From the ranks of the Sunday School and Church membership the following sons of the congregation have entered into the service of the gospel ministry: Revs. John Heck, Solomon Me- Henry, Benjamin C. Suesserott, George Leisher, Adam Haight, Jacob H. Heck, John G. Goettman, D. D., Cassimer B. Ludwig, CHURGCHPVEOUN CIC OGTRIRST EU HERANTGCEUR.GEL Henry Martin Geko. W. IMMELL, Sr. E. M. Smiry J. Cart SHULL CHas. E. KuHN Dr. JoHN M. GELWIx Wn. Mackey OvLER Rev HENry Anstapt, D. D. Cuas. A. OVER B. FRANK SHANER WILLIAM STOVER Cet LL: KEreer Harry J. Nutz Harry H. HuBer CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 3203 H. 8. Cook, William L. Leisher, F. G. Gotwald, D. D., and Her- bert H. Hartman. The church records were destroyed at the tume of the burning of this town by the Confederate Army in 1864, and, therefore, much valuable historical information vs lost. The First Lutheran Church has been instrumental in the organization of the other two Lutheran Churches in our town. In 1836 the Second Church was organized, owing to dissatisfaction caused by the introduction of the English language in the church services several years prior. ‘Those who withdrew were given $1800 by the remaining portion of the congregation to assist them in the erection of their church edifice. Trinity Lutheran Congre- gation was organized in 1890, Rev. E. H. Leisenring, the pastor of this church, installing the officers elected by said congregation, in the presence of those who were then the council of this church. The Sunday School of our church was organized in 1831, during the pastorate of Rev. B. Kurtz. It has been blessed with the leadership of a succession of most earnest and capable Chris- tian men as superintendents: Messrs. Samuel Wentz, Frederick Smith, who served for a period of twenty-four years, when failing health induced him to tender his resignation; George Messer- smith, who retained his position until the time of his death, April 23, 1881, a period of twenty-five years, to which may be added five years as superintendent of the primary department; Prof. Samuel Gelwix, who also filled out a twenty-five years’ term of very efficient service; W. H. Snyder; Wm. P. Britsch; T. Z. Minehart, Esq.; George W. Hafer; and Hiram P. Plasterer. It 1s an item of special interest in this Centennial year of the West Pennsylvania Synod that the organization meeting of the Synod was held in this church in September, 1825, and that the congregation enjoys the honor of opening its doors for the sessions of this important and interesting centennial celebration of the Synod. 324 History oF Wrest PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD REV. RALPH ROY RICHARD PASTOR OF SECOND LUTHERAN CHURCH, CHAMBERSBURG, Pa. The subject of this sketch was born in Frederick County, Vir- einia, the son of Rev. Asa and Mary L. Richard (nee Bean). He was baptized in infaney by Rev. William J. Smith and. later confirmed by Rev. William L. Seabrook, pastor Grace Church, Winchester, Va. Here he re- ~ceived his elementary and _ sec- ondary education in the public schools and at the Shenandoah Valley Academy under the prin- cipalship of Prof. James Byron Lovett. He received his collegi- ate education at Roanoke and after his graduation taught school for several years. It was his in- tention to make this profession a life calling, but because of a physical infirmity it was necessary to give up the idea. At the suggestion of Prof. John D. Rodeffer, Roanoke College, a U.S. Civil Service examination was taken, which later was followed with a clerical appointment in the U. 8. Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va. Clerical life proving somewhat distasteful because of its routine nature and an impulse from within for a larger field of service having arisen, he decided to resign his government position and to enter the Seminary at Gettysburg, from which institution he was graduated with the degree of B. D. in 1915. He was licensed by the East Pennsylvania Synod in Zion Church, Harrisburg, in the fall of 1914, and ordained by the Pittsburgh Synod in Bethany Church, Pittsburgh, in the fall of 1915. He served at Shippenville and Smicksburg in the Pitts- burgh Synod until the fall of 1920, when he began his work at Lineboro in the Maryland Synod. After a service here of more than four years he began work in his present field as pastor of Second Lutheran Church, Chambersburg, Pa. On October 30, 1915, he was united in marriage to Miss Lea Leone Burton, Berrien Springs, Michigan, to which union have been born two children, Mary Beth and Burton Randolph. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 325 SECOND LUTHERAN CHURCH, CHAMBERSBURG, PA. Rev. Ratpy R. RicHarp, Pastor SECOND LUTHERAN CHURCH, CHAMBERSBURG, PA. In 1780, the German Reformed and Lutherans united, and erected what is now the First Lutheran Church of Chambersburg, formerly called St. John’s. As the town grew, the English lan- gvuage gained the ascendency. ‘This naturally affected the Church. The younger element, not being able to follow intelligently a German discourse, demanded English services. German emi- eration to Chambersburg and community having ceased, the first church yielded to the demands of the younger congregation. ‘This was a severe blow to the German members. It at once became apparent to them that if they desired to worship God in their native tongue, they must seek a new church home. Consequently, in 1836 a number of Lutheran and German Reformed members severed their connection from the First Church and erected a place of worship on East Washington St. This building was simple in design, but well constructed, costing about $2400.00. On account of financial embarrassments, 326 History or Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD the building was not used as a place of worship until 1839. In the meantime, worship was temporarily conducted in the Masonic Hall, South Second Street. On September 14th, 1839, the church was opened for the first time as a place of worship. On that date a Lutheran congregation was organized, consisting of the follow- ing fifteen men and their families: George Hoffman, Adam Trietsch, Philp Peiffer, George F. Dittman, Anthony Hornung, John Monath, John Geotman, Frederick Dittman, Leonard Ebert, George Ludwig, Lewis Heist, Henry Bauer, Peter Wendal, 8. Reiz, Conrad Neuroth. At the first congregational meeting, he!d on September 14th, 1839, a committee of four was appointed to nominate members for a council. The members of the committee were Anthony Hornung, George Hoffman, Adam ‘Trietsch, and Philip Peiffer. At the next congregational meeting the committee reported, and the following brethren were elected as members of the first council: Elders, Frederick Dittman, George Geotman, Conrad Neuroth, Peter Wendal; Deacons, George Hoffman, George Ludwig, John Monath, Henry Bauer; Trustees, Leonard Ebert, Lewis Heist. Steps were taken at once to call a pastor. On December 10th, 1839, a contract was made with Robert Clemens for one year. The first difficulty that confronted this small but energetic congregation was a debt of $1400.00. How to meet this was a grave question. But this anxiety was removed thru the noble and generous disposition of Leonard Ebert, George Geotman, and George Ludwig, who assumed the debt. On April 16th, 1841, a charter was secured. ‘The title of the Church, according to the charter, is the ‘‘“Trustees, Elders, Deacons, Pastor, and Members of the Second Lutheran Church.”’ In the same year, under the administration of Rev. J. H. Fisher, a constitution was formulated. Profiting by past experience, they determined that the Eng- lish language should forever be debarred from the Second Lutheran. Church. This the following articles of the Constitution verify: ARTICLE VI Since we are of the opinion that the sound doctrine of the Gospel in its purity and most effective state since the time of the apostles and since the beginning of the Christian era was preached in Germany at the time of the Reformation; and since we are still further of the opinion that this doctrine finds its truest and most adequate expression in the German mother-tongue, and since it is our intention to remain in living union in the faith with our fathers, we make a holy, irrevocable and eternal decree, that this our church shall be and shall remain German in name, form, and spirit, in its internal and external life. The instruction of the divine word, so far as the religious instruction of the children is concerned, shall always be in German and never in English. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE B2y ArtTIcLE VII To keep our mother tongue pure and unmixed in our midst, the church shall see that there is maintained along side of her a good German school in which the children of the congregation can be instructed in the language of the fathers. ARTICLE X LIV Any regular appointed minister of this congregation who afterwards only attempts to preach the Word of God once, or every now and then to his congregation in the English language, or even dares to impart this language in the religious instruction of the youth once or oftener, eo zpso forfeits his office. Should the minister who made this attempt be retained thru friends, members who made the protest may demand their contribution. ArticLeE LIII Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 34, and 44 can never be reversed as long as one or more members are opposed. But in case the congregation, against the wishes of this one or more members, advocates a revision of the articles set forth in Article LIII, these one or more members have full right to confer to themselves all the property, according to the rights and principles of our Church Constitution. And we, the writers and founders of this document and con- eregation give to the authorities of Franklin County the right to deliver over to one or more such members the above named prop- erty. And yet, in such an event, no change shall be made relative to the church property. This constitution had to be signed by every member, and on Easter of each year it was to be read publicly. Once more the religious ambition of these German brethren was gratified. They believed that here they could worship God in their native tongue undisturbed. They felt themselves strong- ly fortified behind such a constitution. Invasion seemed impos- sible. But ere long the busy forces of progress began to invade their territory. The English language, which they determined should forever be excluded, slowly worked its way into their midst and demanded recognition. Every effort was put forth to drive out the enemy. A severe struggle was destined to follow, mani- festing itself already during the pastorate of Rev. G. Rhoades. But nothing of importance took place until Rev. R. H. Clare took charge of the field. Rev. Clare at once saw the outcome of the issue. To continue the struggle without any concession to the demand of English would be an immediate detriment to the best interests of the church, and if continued, would ultimately destroy it. Brother Clare put forth his best efforts to bring about such concession as would meet the demands of both. His 328 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD purpose was to introduce an occasional English service for the younger English speaking members, so that they might worship God intelligently. But this met with violent opposition. Rev. Clare left the field unable to bring about a peaceful settlement. But his life and work were of such a consecrated nature that both are still lingering in the minds of those among whom he was laboring. Rev. Clare was followed by Rev. A. Kurtz. By the imprudence of this brother, who, it is said, ordered all who wanted English to leave the church, the church sustained an almost ir- reparable loss. Thirty of the best members left at this time, most of them uniting with the First Church. Nothing of importance took place until Rev. H. F. Kroh took charge of the pastorate. Brother Kroh at once realized that the life of the church depended upon a change of language. The opposition was still great, but the German members, having been reduced in numbers, the rest slowly yielded to the inevitable. By the faithful work of Brother Kroh among the remnant of the young people, the congregation was saved from a natural death. In June, 1902, Rev. C. W. Diehl took charge of the field. At this time it was decided to dispense entirely with German preaching. The introduction of the English language at all the services naturally gave a new impulse to the young congregation. Steps were taken at once to improve the old edifice so as to keep it in harmony with the aggressive spirit of the town. How to make suitable changes, such as would modernize the old building and yet keep within the financial ability of the congregation, was a grave question. But the ardent spirit of the young congregation could not be checked by the gravity of the situation. On Decem- ber 18th, 1902, Rev. C. W. Diehl, John Leibold, and A. C. Hug were appointed by the council as a committee to interview M. R. Rhodes, architect, as to how to modernize the building. On February 22nd, 1903, at a regularly called congregational meeting, it unanimously decided to accept the improvements.as suggested by M. R. Rhodes. Rev. C. W. Diehl, John Leibold, John A. Shoemaker, A. C. Hug, and John Seibert, Sr. were appointed as a building committee. On April 6th the contract was awarded to M. R. Rhodes, the cost of the improvements to be $4,640.00, without the furnishings. On April 15th, the contract for the furniture was awarded to the Grand Rapids Furniture Company, Michigan, for $642.50. On May 21st, the contract for the win- dows was let to C. Day Rudy & Co., of Harrisburg for $850.00. On June 7th, 1903 the corner stone was laid, Rev. E. H. Leisenring, pastor of the First Lutheran Church, Chambersburg; Zev. C. G. White, pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Chambers- burg; and Rev. R. H. Clare of Abbottstown, Pennsylvania, a former pastor, assisted in the services, the latter preaching an able sermon appropriate to the occasion. Rev. Clare based his remarks on Psalms 118:22-28, and Ephesians 2:2. The corner CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 329 stone was then laid by the pastor. The offering for this occasion was $42.51. Work on the building was proceeding slowly when the council was called to the office of M. C. Kennedy of the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company. Mr. Kennedy presented a blue print showing the proposed new line. Three routes were surveyed, the preferable one running thru the centre of the church edifice sit- uated on East Washington St. From this it was deemed advisa- able on the part of the council to sell, since the church could not thrive along side of a busy railroad. On the following morning, Rev. C W. Diehl and W. J. Zacharias, Esq., again met in Mr. Kennedy’s office. After a lengthy discussion in which details were carefully weighed, the Cumberland Valley Railroad. Com- pany agreed to pay $17,500 for the property entire, and $1000 extra for the disinterring and reinterring of the dead. The council decided to present this proposition to the congregation. In the meantime, the committee took up the matter of a new location. After careful investigation and consideration, it was found that the property situated on East Washington Street and Harrison Avenue, lately purchased from the Wallace estate by John Lortz, could be bought thru the kindness of Mr. Lortz for $2500; and also the adjoining property owned by Mr. D. M. Sheller for $4,500. On September 9th, 1903, the congregation met in the Y. M. C. A. building, on Broad Street, where worship was temporarily conducted. The pastor placed before the congregation a special sketch of the three proposed routes of the C. V. R. R. Co., to- gether with the Company’s offer to purchase. After duly con- sidering all the circumstances involved, it was unanimously de- cided to accept the proposition of the C. V. R. R. Co., and im- mediately purchase the two properties on East Washington Street, owned by Mr. Lortz and Mr. Sheller respectively. Steps were taken at once to have plans drawn up for a new church edifice. On October 16th, plans and specifications were presented to the committee. On October 23rd, the contract was awarded to F. V. Hege, of Marion for $8,475.00; Augustus Wolf to furnish the artificial stone trimming at $525.00. On Sunday, November 29th, 1903, the corner stone was laid. In it were placed the names of the present membership, the church council, and building committee, a German Bible and Hymnal, several German and United States coins, and a copy of the Luth- eran Observer of November 25th, 1903. The services were in charge of the pastor, who was assisted by Rev. E. H. Leisenring, D. D., pastor of the First Lutheran Church of Chambersburg; Rev. C. G. White, pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church of Cham- bersburg; and Rev. T. C. Billheimer, D. D., of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Penna., the latter preaching an able sermon appropriate to the occasion. The pastor, Rev. C. W. Diehl, then laid the corner stone. 330 History OF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD The dedication of the new building took place on Sunday, June 12th, 1904. Rev. T. C. Billheimer, D. D., of the Seminary at Gettysburg, again assisted the pastor. Appropriate services were held thru out the week following with the following brethren assisting: Rev. G. C. Henry of Shippensburg, Pa.; Rev. T. O. Keister of Greencastle, Pa.; Rev. P. H. Miller of Westminster, Md.; Rev. J. H. Harms of Harrisburg, Pa.; and the Rev..G. M. Diffenderfer of Carlisle, Pa. During the last score of years the work of the church has been steadily moving onward under the leadership of the follow- ing pastors: Rev. C. W. Diehl, Rev. C. W. Heathcote, Ph. D., Rev. H. A. Stauffer, Rev. T. Bahn Thomas, Rev. Wm. F. Sunday, Rev. Chas. D. Geiger, and Rev. Ralph R. Richard. In 1922, during the pastorate of Rev. Wm. F. Sunday, the church edifice was extensively repaired at a cost of about $5000.00. This congregation has sent one son, Rev. Chas L. Venable of Easton, Md., into the active work of the ministry, and has another, Mr. Sawyer M. Mosser, at Gettysburg College in prep- aration for the Christian ministry. The following is a list of pastors who have served Second Lutheran Church: Reve. RA Clemence ee ee eee 1839-40 Reviid S HSKIShe rare es he eee eee 1841-’44 Reve Githe Brandaw 2a 3 ee een ee 1844—’48 ReviGTevlr Mera ee eee res 1848-49 RevaGs Bowman 2 eee ee eee 1849-’51 Reva Ceschwankoosk vie lien eee ere: 1851-52 Reve. Ga Bow iia ee ee 1854-61 Revi ivi Woltsye oe ee eo ee 186 1—’64 Reve G Rhoades .2 ee ee ee 1864—’71 Revi Lite Auberve- eeu bere) ete wore ore ke eer eee 1871-73 RevervA Bere aes neg 1873-75 Revie JeNidéekeri wee og ee eee 1875-76 Revs Res Glares D5 Di ee ee 1876-’81 Reveal Rurtza es hee te ee ee 1881-’85 Reval a @Henmiek eter ee eee 1885-91 Revit Hix kK ro hie ata oe eee ear eee 1891-95 Revs Ga @eielasskarl! Phe) a6 ee eee 1896-98 Revel SBoshracdetteine tl soe eee ee eee 1898-01 Reve Gh WieiDieh ae cere 5k ie cea era en 1902—’08 Reva GeweHeatticotes Phe lage ome eee 1908—’11 Revi Has tautierser ee etm eae eee 1911-14 Rev eT Ba Phonak eee eee 1914-18 Reviews be sundayveRihe lL) a hee) seen eee 1919—’22 RéviiG De Geigerae eave Cel es 1922-’24 Reve Re@ReRickharde 6). shes ee eee 1924 — CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 301 REV. WILLIAM A. KUMP Pastor oF TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, CHAMBERSBURG, Pa. William A. Kump, the eldest child of Charles T. Kump and Julia Barker Kump, was born at Littlestown, Pa., August 1, 1870. He was baptized by the Rev. M. J. Alleman, D. D., pastor of St. Paul’s Lutheran Church, Littlestown. His parents removed to Hanover, Pa., the birth place of his father, while their first-born was yet an infant. Here they identified themselves with the recently organized St. Mark’s congregation. In this church he was confirmed at the age of thirteen years by the Rev. George Scholl, D. D. He attended the public schools of Hanover, and during his High School course served an apprenticeship in the drug store of Jacob L. Emlet. He pursued his preparatory studies at Stephens Hall, and was graduated from Gettysburg College with the class of 795. Three years later he was graduated from the Gettysburg Theological Seminary. He was ordained October 16, 1898, at the meeting of the West Pennsylvania Synod held in St. Matthew’s Lutheran Church, Hanover. His ordainers were the Reverends Henry B. Wile, D. D., President of the West Pennsylvania Synod, A. A. Parr, D. D., Albert Bell, D. D., Jesse C. Koller, D. D., and Professor E. J. Wolfe, D. D. He began his ministry in Christ Lutheran Church, Bridgeton, N. J., July 1, 1898. After a pastorate of seven years and a half in this congregation he engaged in city mission work in Philadel- phia, serving the Parkside congregation for one year. December 1, 1906, he became pastor of Grace Lutheran Church, Mount Carmel, Pa., and served this congregation seven years. His present pastorate, in Trinity Lutheran Church, Chambersburg, Pa., began December 1, 1913. On June 14, 1906, the Rev. Mr. Kump was married to Pauline W. Hohenstatt of Bridgeton, N. J. To this union two daughters have been born,—Pauline W. and Mary Susanna. In addition to his pastoral labors Mr. Kump has served as Secretary of the East Pennsylvania Synod, President of the Cumberland Valley Conference of the West Pennsylvania Synod, and was a delegate to the meeting of the General Synod at Atch- ison, Kansas, in 1913, and to the conventions of the United Lutheran Church held at Washington, D. C., in 1918, and Chicago in 1924. He has been closely identified with the movement to establish a College for Women, under the auspices of the United Lutheran Church, and is the Secretary of the Board of Directors of the proposed College. B52 History oF WEsT PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Rev. H. C. ALLEmMAN, D. D. REv. JOHN HENRY Harms, D. D. 1891-1896. 1896-1900 Rev. C. G. WHITE 1900-1909. Rev. F. L. BERGSTRESSER, D.D. ReEv. WILLIAM A. Kump 1909-1913. 11S CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 333 TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, CHAMBERSBURG, PA. Rev. Witu1amM A. Kump, Pastor TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, CHAMBERSBURG, PA. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century Chambersburg experienced a rather remarkable industrial development. The establishment of new manufacturing enterprises resulted, natur- ally, in a rapid increase in population. Among the newcomers were a number of loyal Lutheran families. This was a large factor in the founding of the third Lutheran congregation in Chambers- burg. Another factor in the establishment of Trinity congrega- gation was the vision and judgment of the forward- looking mis- sionary pastor of the First Lutheran Church, the Rev. A. Stewart Hartman, who gave counsel and encouragement to Philip W. Brehm, one of the men of faith, devotion, zeal and generosity, who recognized not only the need but, also, the possibilities of a Sunday School in the rapidly growing section about the North Point. At the suggestion of “Father” Brehm his daughter Miss Amy Brehm and Miss Annie Bricker, the daughter of the Rev. J. K. Bricker, a retired minister of our church who was living in Chambersburg, a canvass was made of the neighborhood. In a short time these young ladies had secured the names of seventy persons who were ready to organize themselves into a Sunday School. The approval and co-operation of the First Lutheran congregation was solicited and given, and, with the financial aid given the movement by that church, a site was purchased for the erection of a building. This site was a lime stone quarry on Philadelphia Avenue just above the intersection of Second Street. On this site a committee, consisting of P. W. Brehm, C. H. Krum- erine and J. A. Hollinger, erected a frame building 24x60 feet at a cost of $1200.00. In this building the North End Sabbath Bod History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD School Association met for the first time July 6, 1890. The following were in charge of the school: Superintendent, Dr. George S. Hull; Assistant Superintendent, J. D. Eyster; Treasurer, J. A’ Hollinger; Secretary, H. G. Wolf; Organist, Myra Bricker; Chor- ister, Daniel Harmony; Primary Superintendent, Mrs. C. H. Krumerine; Assistant in Primary Department, Amy Bricker. The teachers were Mrs. Theodore Taughenbaugh, C. H. Krum- erine, Mrs. J. H. Decker, Mame Embick, Mrs. J. K. Bricker, Annie Bricker, George H. Lane, P. W. Brehm, Mrs. P. H. Brehm and Grace Bitner. There were eighty-four persons present, sixty-eight of whom enrolled as members. The school grew so rapidly that within five months it was necessary to enlarge the building and an addition of twenty feet was erected at a cost of $300.00. | The flourishing condition of the school soon developed a movement to establish another Lutheran congregation in Cham- bersburg. On February 22, 1891, this project was definitely or- ganized by the appointment of a committee to confer with the Council of the First Church with reference to the matter. Asa result of this conference sixty-eight persons were granted letters of dismissal from that organization on March 18, 1891, to form the new organization: Mrs. Anna Baumgardner, Mrs. Charles Bitner, Grace Bitner, P. W. Brehm. Mrs. P. W. Brehm, Amy H. Brehm, Fannie H. Brehm, Mrs. Jacob Bricker, Myra Bricker, Grace Bricker, James H. Decker, Mrs. J. H. Decker, W. E. Eiker, Mrs. W. E. Eiker, John 8S. Embick, Mrs. J. S. Embick, Mame Embick, Mrs. Mary Etter, Mrs. William Etter, Charles B. Eyer, J: D. Eyster, Mrs. J. D. «EKyster, Mrs. Anna Fyock, Mrs: Grier Flack, W. Scott Flack, Mrs. W. S. Flack, Maggie L. Flack, Grace. C..iFlacky Lulu*George, J) 2 Gibbs Vie seein F. Gibbs, John Harmony, Mrs. John Harmony, D. H. Harmony, J. A. Hollinger, Mrs. J. A. Hollinger, Mrs. Anna Horner, George S. Hull, MD. Mrs..G: 8. Hull; CharlessS Hull Mire. Gs Seba Eva Hull, C. H. Krumerine, Mrs. C. H. Krumerine, Mrs. C. A. Lane, George H. Lane, Samuel H. Lane, William A. Lane, Cor- nelia Lane, Ida Lehman, Mrs. Eleanor Lutz, Joseph Patterson, Mrs. Joseph Patterson, L. D. Patterson, John T. Pensinger, Mrs. J. T. Pensinger, Mary Pensinger, Augustus F. Smith, Mrs. A. F. Smith, Mrs. Courtney Snyder, Mrs. Annie Speidle, Fred G. Shaffer, Mrs. F. G. Shaffer, Mrs. Theodore Taughenbaugh, Augustus Wolf, Mrs Augustus Wolf, Harry G. Wolf, Mrs. H. G. Wolf. At the same meeting the following resolution was adopted: “that this congregation assume the payment of $400.00 of the principal of the mortgage on the Sunday School building.’’ March 31, 1891, the congregation of Trinity Lutheran Church was organized, and the following Council chosen: Elders, G. S. Hull, M. D., J.S. Embick, P. W. Brehm; Deacons, C. H. Krum- CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE S00 erine, J. H. Decker, G. H. Lane, John Harmony, J. D. Eyster, Aug. Smith; Trustees, C. 8. Hull, W. S. Flack, Aug. Wolf. At this meeting the Council invited Rev. Herbert C. Alleman, then a teacher in Stephens Hall, Gettysburg, to preach on the following Sunday. On the evening of that day, April 5, 1891, a c@ll was given him to become pastor of the congregation. The call was accepted and Rev. Mr. Alleman began his ministry in Trinity congregation July 5, 1891. The following Sunday the congregation authorized their new pastor to secure plans for a new church building. On August 17 the plans of Architect J. A. Dempwolf of York, Pa., were accepted and the Council directed to proceed with the construction of the building. The corner-stone of the new building, presented by Daniel Shull, was laid November 1, 1891. Addresses were made by Rev. E. H. Leisenring, pastor of the First Lutheran Church, Rev. H. H. Weber, Secretary of the Board of Church Extension, Rev. A. 8. Hartman, Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Rev. M. Ort, President of the West Pennsylvania Synod. The dedicatory services were held July 38, 1892. The sermon was preached by the Rev. B. F. Alleman, D. D., of Lancaster, Pa. Addresses were made by Rev. E. H. Leisenring, and Rev. A. 8. Hartman. Services were held during the week and sermons were delivered by the following: Rev. W. E. Stahler, Shippensburg; Rev. D. W. Lentz, Chambersburg; Rev. H. B. Wile, Carlisle and Rev. E. H. Delk, of Hagerstown, Md. The cost of the building was approx- imately $13,000.00. A loan of $3,000.00 without interest for five years Was secured from the Board of Church Extension, and aid was received from the Board of Home Missions until December, 1900. The amount received from the Board for this period was $1,333.00. In April, 1892, a lot adjoining the church property on the south was purchased at a cost of $800.00. In 1895 the trustees negotiated with the town council for the opening of a street on the north side, and parallel with the church. ‘This street is now one of the most attractive residential sections of the town. The earnest, indefatigable pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Alleman ended December 1, 1896, when he became pastor of Christ Church, Gettysburg. The Rev. John Henry Harms, a member of the senior class of the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, was elected pastor December 26, 1896, and served until June, 1900, when his resignation, to accept a call from St. Paul’s church, Newport, Pa., was regretfully accepted. It was during this pastorate that the Ladies’ Aid Society was organized—in 1897. Its first officers were, Mrs. C. H. Krumerine, President; Mrs. F. L. Budd, Sec- retary and Treasurer. The third pastor of the congregation was the Rev. Clifton G. White, who began his ministry July 9, 1900. Early in his pastorate the congregation became self sustaining. The church was frescoed and recarpeted in 1908. In 1904 the parsonage was 336 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD built under the supervision of C. H. Krumerine, J. A. Hollinger, William Lochbaum and D. K. Meyers. Under Pastor White’s direction the basement of the church was arranged for social purposes. These rooms were used for several years by the C. V. Rey Vis Goes After a pastorate of almost nine years Rev. C. G. White resigned and was succeeded March 28, 1909, by the Rev. F. L. Bergstresser, D. D., who served until December 1, 1913. During Dr. Bergstresser’s pastorate the pipe organ was bought; an in- dividual communion set was presented by Elder George W. Etter, Sr., as a memorial to his wife, and Robert E. Garns, son of J. J. Garns for ten years superintendent of the Sunday School, offered himself as a student for the ministry. This splendid young man, having completed his college course, was stricken by illness and died on the very threshold of his ministry, while in the senior year of his theological studies, in 1916. December 1, 1913, Rev. William A. Kump, who was called from Grace Lutheran Church, Mount Carmel, Pa., became pastor of Trinity church. Inspired by the noble generosity of Mrs. Michael Reed, who bequeathed $400.00 to the church, the con- eregation undertook to liquidate its entire indebtedness of $1900.00 at Easter, 1914. The amount received in free will offerings was $2100.00. On July 5, of the same year—the twenty-fourth anni- versary of the North End Sunday School—the mortgages were burned, the following members of the original Church Council participating in the service: Rev. H. C. Alleman, D. D., P. W. Brehm, J. 8. Embick, J. H. Decker, John Harmony, J. D. Eyster, W.S. Flack and Augustus Wolf. At that service, as an express- sion of joy and. gratitude, a New Church Building Fund was begun. By the sacrificial zeal of the Sunday School classes and the generosity of the members of the congregation, which find expression annually in a free will Easter offering, the fund now amounts to $17,000.00. In 1915 the silver anniversary of the Sunday School was fittingly observed. The present membership of the congregation is 370. The enrollment of the Sunday School is 410. The estimated value of the church property, including the New Building Fund is $47,000.00, with no indebtedness. | CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE Apts THE CENTREVILEE LUTHERAN CHURCH (Dickinson Charge) REV aEeeN SRY PASTOR So called because it is situated in Centreville, a village which derives its name from the fact that it is about half-way between Carlisle and Shippensburg on the Walnut Bottom Road. The Post Office of this place has the designation of Dickinson. In the Deed Book, EE. P. 21., 1819, Carlisle, Pa., is recorded the following: “Deed: Samuel Beetem and Mary his wife to Wm. Free, ete., Wardens of the German Lutheran and German Presbyterian Church, called ‘Beetem Church’ in Dickinson Township, Cumb. Co., Pa. 18 August 1819.’ This deed was for 121 perches of land, committed to the Trustees of the Church for the nominal sum of one dollar. In 1802 Samuel Beetem (of English descent) and Mary his wife and their four children moved into Cumberland County. He was then thirty-five years of age. After six years of residence in Frankford Township he removed to what is now known as Penn Township and settled in what is today called Centreville. He became a prominent member of the Church which he is cred- ited with founding. In the center of the plot of land above desig- nated, ‘‘a short distance back from the road, stood the Church, which was but a crude affair built of logs hauled from the moun- tain. From these logs the bark was removed and the exterior of the building whitewashed, while the interior was plastered in the usual way. This building served the congregation for many years.”’” We are indebted to Mr. Gilbert Beetem, Historian of the Beetem Familv, for much of the above information, and some also, which is to follow. From this period of time on to the construction of the second church structure in 1852, very little is known; the ancient records being either lost or destroyed. Among the recorded pastors from the time of the organization of the Church until the period of the new edifice were D. P. Rosenmuller, John Rosenberg, and Chris- tian Kunkle; whether these were all of them we know not. The latest record book we have dates from the year 1849 when Rev. Charles Klink was pastor. This earliest record shows 104 communicants of the Holy Supper on April 28, 1849 and 135 for September, 1849. The first minutes of the ‘Vestry”’ recorded in this book contains the following interesting resolution: ‘“‘Resolv- ed, That all persons, who wish in the future to inter their dead in the grave yard of this Church be charged one dollar for each interment, except exempted from it by the Vestry.” There is no record of the transactions in connection with the erecting of the new edifice, which was constructed in 1852. However, the 338 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD following is of interest in this connection: “It was resolved that Bro. Henry have a fence made between Bro. John Beetem and the Church, and also a gate.” This was under date of April, 1850. Also, the following: ‘Resolved, that Father Auld and the Pastor be appointed a Committee to attend to having the Church in- corporated. Resolved, that the old Church be taken down, and disposed of to the best advantage, provided the members of the Congregation second the Church Council in it, and make them- selves amenable with them for all damages.’’ Under heading of August 20th, 1853: “Resolved, that the old church be offered at public sale on the 10th day of September next, and that the highest bidder shall be considered the purchaser.” This ends the history of the old log church erected in 1819, and which was allowed to stand a few years after the new structure was erected. Another insight to the times is gotten from a note which states that in 1851 Rev. Klink was paid $250 as his salary for the vear. After a small list of five subscribers to this sum the record has it: ‘“‘and 2.50 not subscribed. Making in all for the present vear $250.00 including the subscription of Father Creglow.”’ The records now become vague. It seems that a Rev. 8. 8. Link was pastor of the church in 1853; how long a period of time his pastorate covered we do not know. Rev. J. Welfley became Pastor on the first of March, 1856; the time of his resignation is also not recorded. Rev. A. Babb became the Shepherd of the flock on September 25, 1856. There is an item of note recorded in the very brief minutes of his pastorate: “evi Smith resigned on Oc- tober, 1861, having paid up and settled up his Deacon’s book of pew rents like a gentleman and a Christian.—Pastor.”’ Rev. A. L. Guss took charge on June 10, 1861; Rev. M. G. Earhart on May 26, 1866; Rev. C. L. Keedy on March 16, 1869. During Rev. Guss’ pastorate 165 are recorded as being members. From the first Sunday in January, 1862, to May 26, 1866, Stoughs- town’s books record that Rev. V. G. Goettman and Rev. Stephen Owen served their Church. Centreville does not make reference to Rev. Owen at all. However, in “The History of Cumberland and Adams Counties, Pennsylvania, Illustrated, 1886,” reference is made to Rev. S. W. Owen as a Pastor of Centreville at this general period. A.C. Felker took charge at Centreville on Oc- tober 1, 1871. These last two ministers named, Revs. C. L. Keedy and A. C. Felker, are not named as Stoughstown’s pastors. No doubt this was one of the general periods of time when there was but a loose association between these two churches which were originally one charge when Rev. Klink organized Stoughstown on February 14, 1846. It will be interesting at this point to mention also the fact that Rev. Charles Klink, spoken of formerly as the builder of the second Centreville edifice and the founder of the Stoughs- town congregation, on June 24th, 1849, also organized the Mount CUMBERLAND. VALLEY CONFERENCE 339 Hope Church, the records of which Church seem to cease in the year 1866, under the pastorate of Rev. M. G. Earhart. Early in 1873 Rev. J. Deitrich became Pastor. 80 members were added to the roll under him; his salary, also, was $800. How- ever, his list of members ‘hows but 122 instead of 165 in 1861. On May 27, 1877, Rev. David Swope became Pastor; and Rev. C. E. Keller on August 31, 1884. Rev. J. E. Lerch was here from 1884 to the fall of 1885, and on July 11, 1886, Rev. W. H. Jordy became the minister; he resigned on March 6, 1887, and was fol- lowed by Rev. J. Kistler, who began his labors on June 15, 1887, but resigned the following year, on July 15, 1888 He was fol- lowed in turn by the Rev. 8. E. Herring, who on August 1, 1888, became minister, and he also remained but a short time, to re- sign on September 1, 1889. Rev. Cyrus Focht became the minister at Centreville on July 1, 1890; he fell asleep in Jesus September 17, 1893. Rev. S. J. Ulrich then became the pastor on August 11, 1894, and Rev. J. P. Buchner on May 17, 1896. He also died on the field, March 17, 1898. However, during his pastorate mention 1s made of the fact that as the result of special evangelistic services from December 20, 1896, to January 138, 1897, 80 souls were brought into the kingdom. The membership now is 193. Rev. H. W. Bender now takes charge on June 1, 1898, and continues his labors until July 1, 1901. Upon his resignation Rev. J. H. Fetterolf became the minister in charge on October 22, 1901, who continued in that capacity until December 22, 1905. The next pastor, Rev. H. E. Zimmerman, was here but a short time, from February 1, 1905, until November 30, 1906. The pastorate of Rev. R. S. Stair began on the Ist day of October, 1907. It was during his presence on the field that the present church structure was completed in 1908. It was at first proposed to build the new building on the site of the old grave yard, immediately adjacent to the Walnut Bottom Road, and immediately a discussion began which threatened to break up the congregation. When it was found that it would devolve upon the church to pay for the removal of all bodies not cared for by the relatives of the dead it was decided to build the church upon its present site, which was the place of the old structure erected in 1852, the foundations of which were fast becoming unsafe. The new edifice was dedicated free from debt. Beginning on February 1, 1914, Rev. Stair conducted services during which there were 89 conversions; during his pastorate 157 members were added to the Church roll. Rey. 8. A. Garnes became Paster on May 1, 1915. During community revival services and as a result of them he added 36 to the church on June 12, 1921. It was through his influence that there was collected a sum of money as an endowment, for keeping the old burial ground in order, which had been for some 340 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD years neglected. The congregation and friends contributed liber- ally for this cause. Today this graveyard, one of the oldest in this section, 1s kept in perfect order. Rev. Garnes died in the parsonage on November 30, 1922. Rey. John Henry Lehn took charge here on the 15th of May, 1923. During his period of time as minister there was organized a weekly prayer meeting and a Junior C. E. Society; contributions also were increased at least 50%. He resigned October 12, 1924, to take effect November the first. The community is much overchurched; while statistics show that during the last 20 years Penn Township, our location, has lost annually an average of 10 in population. Rev. E. N. Fry has accepted a call to the Dickinson Charge. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF STOUGHSTOWN . (DICKINSON CHARGE) Rev. EK. No. ERY Pastor ZION S LUTHERAN CHURCH, STOUGHSTOWN, PA. The above is the original title of the Church at the date of its organization, February 14, 1846. It was incorporate d April 12, 1852, under the following title: ‘‘Zion’s Independent English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Newton Township.” It is situated in the little village of Stoughstown, ‘‘on the turnpike in the eastern portion of the township,” which town was CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 341 named “after Col. John Stough, who kept a tavern there for many years.’’ The Church was organized with the following charter mem- bers * William Muck, Henry Leidigh, John W. Duy, John Radick, John Higlands, Adam Soubarger, John P. Brown, Moses Cope, Elizabeth Muller, Martha Leidigh, Elizabeth Cline. Catherine Fought, Mary Higlands, Margerat Pisle, Elzabeth Brown, and George Stigleman. These members represent originally various denominations. Differences in doctrine were not emphasized much then; a promi- nent citizen, George Allen, a Presbyterian, the first year paid off the indebtedness upon the church property. The Preamble of their Constitution drawn up at the time of organization or thereabout is very interesting: ‘‘We, whose names are hereunto attached, being in and about Stoughstown, Cum- berland County, State of Pennsylvania, desiring to promote the glory of God, and to secure the salvation of ourselves, our children, and our neighbors: and believing that the Bible is the word of God, and only infallzble rule of faith and practice; and also believ- ing the doctrines of God’s Word are purely taught, and its or- dinances are properly administered in the Ev. Lutheran Church in these United States, as represented in its General Synod, do hereby form ourselves into an Evangelical Lutheran Congrega- PAGiOle ens It seems that at first Stoughstown and Centreville formed one Charge, of which Rev. C. M. Klink was the first Pastor. How- ever, the old records state: “In the Spring of 1855 the Stoughs- town Congregation separated by mutual consent from the Cen- terville Congregation, chiefly in order to obtain forenoon preach- ing by forming a new charge and supporting a pastor themselves. A call was extended to Rev. T. T. Titus which was accepted and in June he located in Stoughstown as Pastor of the Lutheran Congregation, at a salary of $500 per annum to be paid quarterly. Preaching to be had at Stoughstown every Sabbath morning and at Canada (now Jacksonville) and Oakville alternately in the afternoon.” The separation did not long continue, for under the heading of minutes for March 1, 1856, the following resolution was passed by Council: “Resolved that we as a congregation are willing to unite with the Centerville Charge upon the following conditions: Centerville is to furnish us with preaching every two weeks, half of which to be in the forenoon and we are to pay a reasonable proportion of the salary, taking Rev. J. Welfley as our Pastor for the coming year. The Council to arrange the proportion of sal- ary to be paid...” Though a definite record has not been kept it seems as though on at least several occasions there was a dissolving of the bonds which associated the two churches in one pastorate. or instance, 342 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Centerville’s minutes for September 11, 1870, record a dissolution of the charge. No mention is made of the subsequent uniting, which came shortly. The infant church prospered under the care of Rev. C: M. Klink, her first pastor. There were 16 charter members at the time of the organization. In 1852, eight years after, there were 34 communicants; this was at the time of the application for in- corporation. The paucity of minutes in the early records may be explained in part by the half humorous note under the date of June 30, 1855: “‘It was ordered that hereafter the Pastor keep the Church Book and act as Secretary of the Council.’’ The book testifies to Rey. Titus’ faithfulness; which same cannot be said of the former unknown Secretary, who has neglected to record when the pas- torate of Rev. Charles Klink came to an end and when Rev. 8. S. Link began and ended his official relations with them; all we now know is that Brother Link was their pastor during the year 1853. Rev. Titus’ stay at Stoughstown was of brief duration; a period of but about seven months, up to the time of the election of Rev. A. Babb on September 25, 1856. On November 14, 1858, this brother records, in connection with the Holy Communion of that season that: ‘““The meeting was protracted, and it pleased the Lord graciously to revive His work.” The membership at. this time was increased to 47. Rev. 8. L. Guss became pastor on June 10, 1861. Rev. V. G. Goettman became pastor on the first Sabbath of January, 1862. At this period the records show that the membership had declined to 26. Upon the first Sabbath (the word “Sabbath” being the word used in the original records) of July, 1864, Rev. Stephen W. Owen became pastor at Stoughstown. During the pastorate of Rev. M. G. Earhart, which began on May 26, 1866, 37 members are recorded on the roll. At this point there is another lacuna in the records and we assume from the records of the sister Church of Centerville that the Rev. C. L. Keedy and A. C. Felker ministered from March 16, 1869, until the accession of Rev. J. F. Dietrich on July 3, 1875; and all the succeeding pastors were the same as listed for the Centerville Church. During the labors of Rev. R. 8. Stair in Stoughstown, who began his work on October 1, 1907, extensive repairs were made to the church edifice. Rev. S. A. Garnes took charge of the Church in his official relation on May 1, 1915, and as our records show, he is the third Pastor to have died on the field. He fell asleep on November 30, 1922. At various times there were organized prayer meetings and CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 343 young people’s societies on the field, but of late years the popu- lation has decreased to such an extent, with a corresponding de- cline in membership, as to make this impracticable, seemingly. Rev. John Henry Lehn began his labors here on the 15th day of May, 1923, and resigned November 2, 1924. During his pres- ence in their midst he noted a deepening of the religious life of the Church and a large increase in contributions. The apportion- ment this year has been overpaid and Zion Lutheran, Stoughs- town, is on the Honor Roll for 1924. REV. M. 8. SHARP PasToR OF ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH, ENOLA, Baa Brickerville, Lancaster Co., Pa., was the birth place of the subject of this brief sketch. His early education was gained in the pub- lic school of his rural district. Later he entered Stephens Hall (as Gettysburg Academy was then called), and pursued a course of study that fitted him to be- come a member of the class in Gettysburg College that was eraduated in the spring of 1902. Continuing his studies in the Gettysburg TheologicalSeminary, he completed his course and was graduated in the spring of 1905. His first charge was that of St. Paul’s Lutheran Church of Funks- town, Md., where he labored for 7 two years, from 1905 to 1907. He then accepted an invitation to become pastor of St. Matthew’s Lutheran Church of Martinsburg, Pa., serving this pastorate from 1907 to 191C. On March 26th, 1911, he was installed as pastor of Zion Lutheran Church of — Enola, Pa., which charge he has served until the present time. ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH, ENOLA, PENNSYLVANIA Rev. M. S. SHarp, PAsTor Zion Lutheran Congregation was organized in 1804, one hundred and twenty-one years ago. The congregation first wor- shipped in a school house built of logs; it was called “Lantz’s 344 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD School House,” because a number of families by that name re- sided in this vicinity. This congregation Was one of five or six appointments com- prising a charge for one minister, known as the Cumberland County charge. The present church building, now known as “The Old Brick Church,” was erected in 1834. Rev. Augustus Lochman, who was pastor of the Harrisburg charge, which was then composed of Zion, Harrisburg, Shoop’s and Wenrick’s in the country, and Middletown, also served Zion Lutheran; and during his ministry Zion Lutheran Church at this place was erected in 1834. From 1836 to 1867 the following ministers served this Church: Revs. Height, Bub, Fritze, Staver, Utman, Dutt, Dasher, Irwine, Tresler, Lingle, Herring, McHenry, Seidel, Felty, Nicolas, and Dasher. Zion, or ‘Old Brick Church,” is the Mother of St. Mark’s in West Fairview; and in 1867 Rev. 8. Dasher served the charge composed of Zion, St. Mark’s in West Fairview, St. Paul’s, or ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH, ENo.A, Pa. Stone Church along the State Road, New Market near New Cum- berland. During Rev. W. A. Wolgamuth’s pastorate, Zion Con- eregation withdrew from the West Fairview charge, and became self-supporting. The old church welcomed to this part of the county the large classification yards of the P. R. R. Co. The P. R. R. Co. built about a hundred houses, laid about ten or twelve miles of pave- ments and started the town ‘‘Enola.”’ The name originated from a little Railroad Station called “Alone,” which was located on the West Shore of the Susquehanna River. The name “Alone” was reversed which gave it the name CH ] ) nola. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 345 At the present time ‘‘Old Zion,” instead of being the “‘Alone,”’ country church, is in the center of a town of three thousand in- habitants. The old church has a very bright future due to the industrial prosperity in the rapidly growing community. The congregation is planning to erect a new church and Sunday School chapel within a year or two. The congregation built a new parsonage on Al- toona Avenue. The parsonage is a large ten room brick house, prominently located along the concrete avenue known as the “Enola Drive.”? The new church will be built next to the par- sonage. Rev. M.S. Sharp, who is the present pastor, has been serving this Congregation since 1910. REV RAGPRHSWeaaisINID PASTOR OF THE FAYETTEVILLE CHARGE Ralph W. Lind was born on the 7th of November, 1897, at Altoona, Pa. His father, Charles L., was born in Sweden. His mother, Mary Hopple Lind, was from Lewistown, Pa. In 1912 he was confirmed in the First Luther- an Church of Altoona, Pa., by the Rev. Marion Justus Kline, D. D. The first intimations that caused him to seriously consider the Gospel ministry as a life’s calling were given him by his pastor, Dr. Kline. In 1917 he graduated from the Altoona High School and from Gettysburg College in 1921 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and in 1924 from The Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg with the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. At the convention of the Allegheny Synod in October in 1923, at Dubois, Pa., he was licensed and ordained by the same Synod at Clearfield, Pa., in May, 1924. In December, 1923, he received and accepted a call to the Fayetteville Charge and assumed his regular service as pastor on June 1, 1924. 346 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD ST. JOHN’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, GREENVILLAGEH, PA. (Fayetteville Charge) Rev. Rapuy W. Linp, Pastor ST. JOHN’s LUTHERAN CHURCH GREENVILLAGE, PA. The Evangelical Luther- an Congregation of Green- village, Pa., was organized in November, 1836, in the old White Church that stood where the Methodist Church now stands. Rev. Nicholas J. Stroh, who was then pastor of the Shippensburg Congrega- tion, continued serving the congregation till the fall of 1839, being pastor about three years. Between the years 1840: and 1845 the services were held in the Stone Church—, Covenanter Church, Scot- land, by. Rev: M*SsKun= kel. In the latter part of 1845 and 1846, Rev. Levi Williams, assisted by his brother, Rev. J. G. Williams, pastor of the Shippenburg Congregation, held a re- vival of religion in the old White Church at which time a great many pro- fessed and joined the church. It was now thought ad- visable to build a Lutheran Church. At ameeting held at Greenvillage, February 23, 1846, for the purpose of considering the propriety and expediency of building a Lutheran Church in Greenvillage, the following resolution was adopted: “Resolved, that a committee of five be appointed by this meeting to ascertain what a Church of a convenient and proper size in their estimation and opinion will cost to build. “And if in the committee’s opinion, they are by this meeting empowered to proceed and build a church in Greenvillage.”’ In August, 1846, the cornerstone of the church was laid with appropriate services held in William Immell’s grove adjacent. On the eighth day of May, 1847, the Evangelical Lutheran CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 347 Church was dedicated to Almighty God. Rev. Williams closed his pastorate in 1849. Rev. Augustus C. Widekind, who served one year, was succeeded by Rev. David H. Focht; he served three vears. In 18538 the Rev. Jacob Steck proposed that the Greenvillage charge become part of Shippensburg charge. Rev. Steck served two years, and was followed by Rev. John Ulrich who remained three and a half years. In 1859 Rev. L. A. Gotwald began his ministry of three and a half years, followed by Rev. C. L. Ehren- feld. After a ministry of two vears he was succeeded, in 1865, by Rev. G. H. Beckly, who served three years. In the fall of 1868, Rev. T. C. Billheimer began his pastorate of five years; and in 1874 Dr. B. F. Alleman became pastor and served thirteen years. The congregation withdrew from the Ship- pensburg Congregation. Rev. J. A. Hartman, of St. Thomas congregation, then sup- plied this church for a period of four years. In 1891, Rev. D. 8. Lentz became pastor. He thought ad- visable to have a preaching point at Scotland. It was not long till they planned for a church and by so doing they relieved the Greenvillage Congregation of half or more of its members. At this time Greenvillage was made a part of the Fayetteville Charge. In 1894 Rev. C. L. Ritter became pastor; he remained two years and was succeeded by Rev. W. C. Heffner, who served six months. Rev. Forscht followed and served the charge two vears, followed by Rev. Reese who served nine years. Rev. R. L. Markly followed who served two years or more, and was succeeded by Rev. C. 8. Simmonton who served three years or more. The church prospered under his ministry. In 1922 the church was painted, walls frescoed, new pews and new pulpit furniture, electric light fixtures and vestibule added, new carpet laid and heating plant installed. Rev. Ralph W. Lind has been serving the charge as pastor since June Ist, 1924. 348 History oF West PENNSYTVANIA SYNOD ST LUKE SYEULTHERAN GCHURCHA SCO DEAN Das (Fayetteville Charge) Rev. Raupu W. Linp, PAsTor In the year 1893, the Lutheran people of Scot- land, Pa., met and held ser- vice in the Old Stone Church, known then as the Covenanter Church of Scot- land, built in the vear, 1823. It was then an unorganized body of worshippers, with Rev. D. 8. Lentz, pastor to April 29, 1894. In May, 1894, it became an organ- ized body with these. char- ter members: Mr. and Mrs. Geo. G. Markward, Miss Florance Markward, Mr. and Mrs. A. H.. Etter, Miss Belle Etter)).Mirs. WleeCGrain Mr. and Mrs. John . Ott, Mr. H. W. Ott, Miss Rose Eisenhour, Miss Lizzie Et- ter, Mr. David A. Hale, Mr. and Mrs. B. F. Eyer, Miss Anna Eyer, Mr. and Mrs. John A. Heefner, Mrs. Ly- dia Grace, Mrs. John D. St. Luxe’s LuTHERAN CHURCH Oliver, Mrs. Samuel Monn, SCOTLAND, Pa. Mrs. Martha Hock, Mr. and Mrs. William Reeder, Miss Abbie Reeder, Mrs. John Kurtz, Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Ott, Mr. and Mrs. H. F. Craig. Rev. C. L. Ritter was elected pastor July 8, 1894; he served until June 7, 1896. About July, 1895, the members purchased a lot of ground in Scotland from Mr. Benjamin Hege, to erect a new cburch thereon. The ground was broken July 24, 1895, with these Ministers present: Revs. Leisenring and Kroh, of Cham- bersburg, Pa.; Rev. Romig of New Franklin, Pa.; Rev. Mumpher of Greenvillage, Pa.; Rev. C. L. Ritter, of Fayetteville, Pa. The corner-stone was laid September 22, 1895; and the church building was completed December, 1895. First service was held in the new church by Rev. Geo. Henry of Shippensburg, Pa., December 14, 1895. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 349 The church was dedicated to God, December 15, 1895, by Rev. H. H. Weber, of York, Pa. Rev. Billheimer held service in the evening. Rev. W. C. Hefner was pastor from November, 1896, to October 26, 1902. Rev. A. C. Forscht was pastor from January 25, 1903, to October 16, 1904. The church was remodeled in the fall of 1903; rededicated October 18, 1903, by Rev. A. R. Steck, D. D., of York, Pa. Rev. J. W. Reese was pastor from January 8, 1905, to October 1, 1914; Rev. Raymond Law Markley from March 7, 1915, to November 18, 1917; Rev. Chester Stewart Simonton from June 8, 1919, to February 1, 1923; and the present pastor is Rev. Ralph W. Lind, who began his service, June 1, 1924. The Evan- gelical Lutheran Sunday School of Scotland, Pa., was organized February 3, 1895. ml. PAUL'S LUTHERAN CHURCH FAYETTEVILLE, PA. (Fayetteville Charge) Rey. Raupu W. Linp, Pastor St. Paut’s LUTHERAN CHURCH, FAYETTEVILLE, Pa. The congregation of St. Paul’s Lutheran Church of Favyette- ville, Pa., was organized some time prior to 1839, as during that year, subscription was started, and land was bought, on which was erected, in the year 1840, the First Lutheran Church in Fayette- ville. 350 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD The congregation formed a part of what at that time was called the Grindstone Hill Charge, which consisted of the four congregations located at Fayetteville, Grindstone Hill, Marion and St. Thomas. These four congregations formed a charge until the pastorate of Rev. Shertz, during which time St. Thomas withdrew from the charge. The remaining three continued to form the Grindstone Hill charge until the pastorate of Rev. D.S. Lentz, at which time Fayetteville with Scotland and Greenvillage formed what has since been known as the Fayetteville charge. Since the organization of the Fayetteville Congregation up, to and including the present one, the congregation has been served by seventeen pastors. For the early pastorates we cannot give dates, but following is a list of the pastors in the order of their service: Revs. Gilson, Kunkle, Williams, Foucht, Sill,and McHenry, who served the charge during the dark days of the Civil War. He was followed by Revs. J. K. Miller, A. C. Felker, and A. H. Shertz. Rev. Shertz took charge in the spring of 1872 and served the charge for 14 vears during which time, or in 1882, the old or first Lutheran Church of Fayetteville was replaced by the present brick church or main auditorium 36x60 ft. Rev. Shertz was followed in 1886 by Rev. D. 8. Lentz, who served the congregation for seven years and was the first pastor of the charge as at present constituted. Following Rev. Lentz was Rev. C. L. Ritter, under whose pastorate the Chapel annex, 22x80, was built. Rev. Ritter re- signed in 1896 and was followed by Rev. W. C. Heffner, who served the charge until 1902. He was followed by Rev. A. C. Forscht, under whose pastorate the interior of the church was beautified by the removal of the old pews and replacing them with crescent chaped pews and also a new carpet. Rev. J. W. Reese came next, who served the congregation about nine years, or was second on length of service to Rev. Shertz. Next in line was Rev. R. L. Markley, who resigned in 1917 to enter the World War as a Chaplain. Then followed Rey. Chester 8S. Simonton, who resigned in February, 1923. The charge was vacant until June, 1924, during which time the inter- ior of the church was beautified by being neatly frescoed, by the placing of a hard wood raised floor, new carpets and other im- provements which gives to it an attractive appearance. Our present pastor is Rev. Ralph W. Lind who took charge June 1, 1924, he being the third one in succession from the First Lutheran Church of Altoona, Pa. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE stall REV2 He Ba BURKHOBD ER, PASTOR OF THE LUTHERAN CHURCH, GREENCASTLE, Pa. Harry Benton Burkholder, Greencastle, Pa., son of William R. and Laura A. Burkholder, was born at Marion, Franklin Co., Pa., October 10, 1876. When but six years of age he lost both parents by death. He was reared in the home of an uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. David 8S. Stouffer, Mercersburg, Pa. On April 17, 1892, he was confirmed in St. John’s Lutheran Church, Mercersburg, by Rev. L. A. Mann, D. D. After graduating from the Mercersburg High School he served for two terms in the ca- pacity of a rural school teacher in his native county. The winter of 1898-1899 was spent as a student in the Mer- cersburg Academy. In the fall of 1899 he entered Gettysburg College and graduated in the A. B. course with the class of 1903. Going to Springfield, O., in September, 1903, he entered the Ham- ma Divinity School where he completed his theological course in the spring of 1906, with the B. D. degree. He was licensed by the Wittenberg Synod in the First Luth- eran Church of Leipsic, O., October 15, 1905, and received ordina- tion from the same Synod in the First Lutheran Church of Findlay, O., October 14, 1906. The vacation months of 1905—May to September—were spent in Mansfield, O., conducting services and doing canvassing and such other preliminary work as was necessary for the organi- zation of St. Mark’s Lutheran Church. St. Mark’s has since grown into a strong church. Upon graduation from the Hamma Divinity School Rev. Burkholder became pastor of St. Paul’s Lutheran Church of Belleville, O., serving that congregation until the fall of 1907, when he resigned in order to accept a call to the newly-organized Grace Lutheran Mission of Dayton, Ohio. For four years he served this mission, starting with a membership of 33 and closing the work in September, 1911, with a membership of 101. During this pastorate a splendid lot was purchased at a cost of $3250 and a building fund well started. On September 15, 1911, he became pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Berlin, Pa., and continued work in this pastorate until November 1, 1918. During these seven years about 240 members were received, various improvements in the way of painting, frescoing, recarpeting, etc., were made, and an addition built to the Sunday School room. The work of the Greencastle pastorate was begun on Novem- ber 1, 1918, and continues at the time this sketch is written, March 1, 1924. During these five years 262 members have been received, and, in addition to necessary repairs to church property, an adjoining lot was purchased at a cost of $3250. B52 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD At the home of the bride, Springfield, O., on April 28, 1908, Rev. Burkholder was united in marriage with Miss Hattie Es- telle McDowell, the ceremony being performed by the bride’s father, Rev. Samuel J. McDowell, D. D., then Field Secretary of the Home Mission Board, assisted by Rev. E. H. Dornblaser, D. D., pastor of the bride. To this union two children were born—Harry, June 22, 1909, and Dorothy, November 24, 1911. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH; GREEN- CASTUH PAI Rev. H. B. BurKHOLDER, PASTOR The books containing the earlier records have been lost, therefore we have no definite source from which to draw a full and accurate sketch of the work and growth of this congregation. In an old church council minute book, under date of October 5, 1850, we find the following item: “The old church records being amongst the missing, Messrs. Fuss, Walter and Palmer were appointed a committee to hunt it up.” On November 2 this committee reported that they “had searched every place where it was thought that the church book might be, but that it could not be found.”’ The pastor was then instructed to “keep a record on a few sheets of paper until it is ascertained whether the old church book can be found or not.’ These items account for the fact that the record books in possession of the congregation at the present time date back only to the vear 1850. Though there are no known records from which it can be ascertained definitely when the organization in Greencastle was formed, yet, “according to traditional accounts it was as early as 1775, or earlier.” Rev. John George Young ‘‘came to America from Germany and located in Hagerstown, serving as pastor of the Lutheran Church there from 1770 to 1783.’ While laboring there “he made frequent tours through this county, preaching the Word, administering the Communion, baptizing children and visiting in the homes of those who had come over from the father- land.’ It is altogether probable that he effected an organization of the Lutherans in this community during those early years, but 1t cannot be shown definitely. However, it is known that prior to the erection of their first church building ‘‘the Lutheran Church of this town had no place which they could call their own, but in connection with the German Reformed congregation used a union structure called the ‘Old Log Church.’”’ The fact that in the year 1792 the organization was sufficiently strong to under- take the erection of a house of worship would indicate that it had been in existence for some time prior to this date, but just how CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE S00 long prior will likely remain unknown. And likewise, just how long the Lutheran and Reformed people worshipped together in the “Olid Log Church,” before erecting their own building, is unknown. “The earliest extant record is a copy of the German paper deposited in the corner-stone of the old church, bearing the date September 13, 1792. When the old building was removed in 1875 this paper was secured and the following translation made: “We the undersigned Elders and Deacons, in connection with the members of the Evangelical Lutheran Congregation in and around Greencastle, have resolved in the name of God to build a house or church, in which the holy, unchangeable and prophetic Word of God shall be taught according as it is set forth in the Augsburg Confession, in the Smalcald “Articles, and the Larger and Smaller Catechisms of Luther. Further, it is hereby forever unalterably fixed that no preacher who does not hold to the regu- lation of our Evangelical Lutheran Church, and is not a member of our Ministerium, shall have permission to preach in this our church. It shall however be allowed to any ordained minister to preach according to his system of faith at funeral services, and on other occasions When the regular called pastor is not present, or at other times if the congregation approve. To this our established rule we bind ourselves as a congregation, and affix our names hereto. It is required also that a copy of these articles be pre- served on file by the elders of this congregation, and as we this day lay the corner-stone of this necessary and highly useful work, so shall also the beginning thereof be made with prayer and sup- plication to God, who, although he says Heaven is my throne and earth my footstool, what house will ye build me, yet Christ Jesus gives the assurance that where two or three are gathered together in his name, there will he be in the midst of them—that is, by his saving grace, his Word and divine guidance.” Affixed to this paper were the following names, and in several cases there were two or more of the same name, twenty names in all: Nye, Bayer, Saylor, Basehore, Hoflich, Gerard, Hock!lander, Simon, Brundlinger, Zimmerman, Schaffner, Clapsaddle, Wagner, Peifer and Maun. The corner-stone of the first church building was laid on Sep- tember 13, 1792, and the building dedicated April 2, 1798. It was used as originally built until the year 1836, when, on February 13 “it was unanimously agreed to proceed immediately to repair as follows: Then is given a rather minute statement of the changes to be made, including “twenty feet to be added to the back part of the house with new work inside,” the placing of doors, windows, pews, aisles, partition, and a gallery on three sides. This same building was remodeled again in 1857 “By ordinance, in the year 1812, new names were given to the streets’ of the town, and this fixed the location of the lot and 304 History OF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD building on the northwest corner of Washington and Madison Sts. The lot upon which the building stands is the original lo- cation and is 240x60 feet. At a congregational meeting held on August 8, 1874, it was decided to erect a new church building. Committees were ap- pointed for the soliciting of funds, the securing of plans and measurements, etc., and on October 3 the congregation approved plans for a “‘two-storied brick church’’, to be “48 ft. wide and 76 ft. long, with a recess pulpit.”” When on September 13, 1874, the soliciting committee reported subscriptions totaling $8645, the congregation voted ‘that from the encouragement thus far re- ceived we proceed to build a new church.” « LUTHERAN CHURCH, GREENCASTLE, Pa. ERECTED 1792—. A special Memorial Service was arranged for March 14, 1875, as the last service to be held in the “old building.’’ The pastor, Rev. Frederick Klinefelter, used Deut. 8:2 as his text— “Thou shalt remember all the way which the Lord thy God led thee.’ This occasion is referred to as ‘‘a memorable day in the history of that venerable building in our ancient village, the Luth- eran church, one of the old landmarks of past generations.’’ The closing hymn sung at this service was written especially for the occasion by Rev. W. H. Luckenback, of Hagerstown, Md. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE B00 Hymn ON LEAVING AN OLD PLACE OF WORSHIP (Tune—Old Hundred) Jehovah, Lord, before Thy throne, Once more We join to bless Thy name; Once more inspire us Thee to own— Thy love and care with loud acclaim! Our fathers’ earnest zeal and love Reared to Thy praise this temple old; But sweeter now in courts above, They joyful sing Thy grace untold! We leave for aye with sadden’d heart This Zion where they met to pray, Invoking, as we tearful part, Thy presence e’er with us to stay! Thro’ all the changing scenes of time, Thou wilt be with us to the end; And then in Heaven’s more glorious clime, Fore’er our songs to Thee shall blend! Ere we this hallow’d place depart, No more these olden walls to see; One final tribute from each heart Of gratitude shall flow to Thee: “Praise God, from whom all blessings flow, Praise Him, all creatures here below; Praise Him above, ye heavenly host, Praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.” 356 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Following this service the building was “turned over to the contractors for demolition,’ the work being actually begun on April 5, 1875, and until the new building was ready for use the congregation worshipped in the ‘“Town Hall.” The corner stone of the new building was laid “June 13, 1875, and the first ser- vice held in the lecture room February 6, 1876.” The upper room was not finished until several years later, and during this time all services were held in the lecture room. The build- ing was finally completed in the spring of 1880, and the Dedicatory Service held on June 13 of this year. Rev. F. W. Conrad, D. D., then editor of the Lutheran Ob- server, preached the. dedi- ecatory sermon. ‘The en- tire length of the building, including tower and recess, is 85 ft., the width, 48 ft.. and the spire is 136 ft. high. “The plans were drawn by Mr. 8. D. Button, architect of Philadelphia, and the contract was awarded to Messrs. F. and J. Waidlich of Mercersburg.”’ The to- tal cost was $16,352. LUTHERAN CHURCH, GREENCASTLE, Pa. “The first known pastor, Rev. John Ruthrauff, took charge in April, 1795, and served this people for forty years, all the services being conducted in the German language. ‘The first English pastor was Rev. John Reck, 1832. According to an agreement, written in German and signed by Rev. Ruthrauff (the original copy being in our hands), ‘he andRev. Reck served the pastorate together for several vears, likely from 1832 to 1835. The German and English services alternateduntil 1865, when the former was discontinued. Following is a list of the pastors from 1795 to the present time: Rev. John Ruthrauff, 1795-1833; Rev. John B. Reck, 1832-1835; Rev. Jeremiah Harpel, 1835-1837; Rev. Jacob Martin, 1837-1839; Rev. Peter Sohm, D. D., 1840-1845; Rev. Michael Rev. W. F. EystTer, 1865-69. Rev. H. B. BuRKHOLDER, 1918—. Rev. W. MorcAn Cross, 1905-18. Rev. E. BREIDENBAUGH, 1852-65. Rev. T. O. KErstTer, D.D., 1895-1905. Rev. F. KLINEFELTER, 1872-95. Revell EVeERerr 12) eal S 70-72. 358 History OF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Eyster, 1846-1849; Rev. Christian Kunkle (supply); Rev. James M. Harkey, 1850-1852; Rev. Edwin Breidenbaugh, 1852-1865; Rev. William F. Eyster, 1865-1869; Rev. A. Stewart Hartman, D. D., (supply); Rev. Thomas T. Everett, D. D., 1870-1872; Rev. Frederick Klinefelter, 1872-1895; Rev. T. O. Keister, D. D., 1895-1905; Rev. W. Morgan Cross, 1905-1918; Rev. H. B. Burk- holder, 1918—. From the records in hand it is made quite plain that in the early days of the Greencastle congregation it became a sort of center for the extension of work to the towns and community round about. As early as 1800 Rev. John Ruthrauff ‘“‘who lived, and also served the Lutheran Church in Greencastle,” organized the Lutheran Church in both Mercersburg and Waynesboro. From a personal record book, kept by Rev. Ruthrauff and written in German, dating from 1818 to 1837, we find a record of services conducted, texts used and monies received for services at Loudon, Waynesboro, Mercersburg, Jacobs, Cove, Middleburg, Grossmans and St. Thomas. There are also records to show that in 1839, Greencastle, Grindstone Hill, Quincy and Jacobs formed one pastorate, for a resolution was passed “that a parsonage be purchased or built in Greencastle,’’ and a committee “of one from each congregation be appointed to attend to the above business.” A later entry, May 24, 1845, shows that Greencastle, Marion and Grindstone Hill formed one pastorate under Rev. Peter Sohm, for we read that at a joint Council meeting they promised “under a written obligation to give him for a year’s salary $480 and pay for his fuel, of which Greencastle is to pay $215 and half the fuel, and Marion $107.50 and one fourth the fuel, and Grindstone Hill $107.50 and one fourth the fuel.’ During the pastorate of Rev. Breidenbaugh the services at Middleburg were discontinued, and it was also during his pastorate, October 16, 1858, that arrangements were made for holding services “every two weeks at Upton.” Green- castle and Upton then composed the pastorate until the time of Rey. T. O. Keister, when he organized the congregation at William- son and a building was erected there. During the vacancy be- tween Rev. Keister and Rev. Cross ‘“‘the congregation at Upton and Williamson, at the request of the Greencastle congregation, withdrew,” and this congregation became a separate pastorate. It seems to have been the custom of this congregation prac- tically throughout her history to furnish a “‘house”’ for the pastor. As early as 1839 we read of a committee being appointed to pur- chase or build a parsonage, and in the meantime reference is made in the minute book to items of expense for “‘salary, rent and fuel”’ for the pastor. There evidently were no definite results from the first effort at securing a parsonage, for on September 5, 1853 it was voted ‘‘that a committee of five be appointed to buy or build q parsonage.” Following this action, on October 5, 1853, Henry CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 359 Bushey, Bernard Walter and Samuel Ruthrauff, Trustees of the Lutheran Church, purchased from Rebecca Garber, for $1000, the “east half of lot No. 88,” together with house and buildings thereon, said property located on the south side of E. Baltimore St., near Washington St. This property was used as a parsonage until 1902. On September 21, 1901, it was sold at public sale, for $2100, and then rented by the congregation for another year. In January, 1902, a lot was purchased on the southeast corner of Washington and Madison Sts., and during the summer the pres- ent commodious and modern parsonage was erected at a cost of $5327 including the price of the lot. Within the last two years the congregation purchased the LUTHERAN PARSONAGE, GREENCASTLE, PA. house and lot adjoining the church property on the west, known as the Bushey property, at a cost of $3250. Also, having been granted permission by the court, all the bodies, about 66 in num- ber, in the grave yard immediately in the rear of the church building, were removed to the grave yard on the east side of Washington St. These graves were moved and the property purchased as the first step toward the rebuilding and enlarging of our church property. The first bell used is still in possession of the congregation. It was cast in the year 1811, by George Hedderly, Founder, Philadelphia, and is made after the pattern of the Liberty Bell. It was used until the removal of the first building in 1875. The bell now used is known as the Luther Memorial Bell, cast in Bal- timore in 1883, and so named in honor of the four hundredth an- niversary of the birth of the Great Reformer. This congregation has given the following men to the Lutheran ministry: Rev. George Diehl, D. D.; Rev. Michael Diehl, D. D.; 360 HIstToRY OF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Rev. William Barnett; Rev. J. N. Barnett; Rev. Edward Guiney; Rev. George W. Baughman,; Rev. Samuel Palmer; Rev. Jacob Diehl, D. D.; Rev. Norman Philippy; Rev. Leslie K. Young. In addition to these she has two young people serving in the India Mission Field, Mr. and Mrs. Robert 8S. Kauffman. They sailed for India on December 31, 1920, and are associated with Rev. Haaf in developing the agricultural work on the Lam Reserve. There has been a steady growth and progress in the work during the years, and the congregation now reports a confirmed membership of 586, with a Sunday School of 440, exclusive of Cradle Roll and Home Department. The Sunday School is one of the oldest in the county, having grown out of a German Union Parochial School as early as 1810. The Superintendents have been Messrs. Conrad Sohm, John G. Miller, Matthias Walter, Thomas Davidson, Bernard Walter, Dr. Adam Carl, John Heichert, John Schillito, Peter Spence, Matthias Nead, Samuel Ruthrauff, Benjamin Palmer and Luther A. B. Fleming. Mr. Palmer served as Superintendent for thirty-three years, and just recently Mr. Fleming completed his thirty-third year of service. The Mis- slonary activities are carried on by three organizations, a Women’s Society, a Young People’s Society and a Light Brigade. REV PAUL SHORTCK PASTOR OF THE LEMASTERS CHARGE Paul Jacob Horick, eldest son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob C. Hor- ick, was born at Westminster, Carroll Co., Md., January 22, 1891. After attending the pub- lic schools of Carroll Co., he entered the Gettysburg Acad- emy in the fall of 1911, and was eraduated from the Academy in 1913. In the fall of 1913 he entered Gettysburg College, spending two years there, and concluding his college course at Western Mary- land College, from which he was eraduated in 1917. In 1916 he married Miss Mary A. Leese, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Leese of Hokes, York Co., Pa. Three children have been born in the family. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 361 Having entered Gettysburg Theological Seminary in the fall of 1917, he was graduated in 1920, and ordained into the Christian ministry by the West Pennsylvania Synod meeting at Chambers- burg October 13, 1920. During a part of his Seminary course he supplied Mt. Calvary Lutheran Church at Piedmont, W. Va. In June, 1920, he was called to the Sylvan Charge, Sylvan, Pa., where he served almost three years. In February, 1923, he received a call from the Lemasters Charge, and entered this field March 28, 1923. ST. LUKE’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, WILLIAMSON, PA. (Lemasters Charge) Rev. Paut J. Horicx, Pastor St. LUKE’s LUTHERAN CHURCH, WILLIAMSON, PA. This congregation was organized September 16, 1900, with thirty-six charter members. Anticipating this organization, a building lot was purchased June 16, 1900; the corner-stone was laid September 29, 1901, and the dedication of the completed building took place August 3, 1902. The memorial church bell was dedicated September 27, 1903, for the purchase of which there were thirty-one contributors, none of whom were members of this church. With the growth of the school, it became necessary to enlarge, and on July 20, 1913, a new Sunday School room was dedicated. In the furnishing of the church auditorium, several valuable gifts were presented, as follows: The pulpit Bible by the Rev. Frederick Klinefelter; the individual communion set by Mrs. Sarah Hagerman and Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Hege; the hymn board 362 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD by Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Kunkle; the church carpet by Mrs. Jacob W. Hege; the offering plates by Mr. Jacob W. Hege and Mrs. Sarah Hagerman; the large church organ by Mrs. Sarah Hagerman, who later presented the sum of $500 the interest of which is to be used for church work. St. Luke’s Lutheran Sunday School was organized September 21, 1902, with 54 charter members, and now has an enrollment of 315. It is a “Front Line” Sunday School. The “Cross and Crown” system for regular attendance was adopted June 4, 1911. The organized adult Bible Class, which began with a charter membership of twenty-three on January 2, 1912, has grown to a present enrollment of one hundred and forty members. The first superintendent of the school was Mr. J. Frank Hagerman; the school is now under the direction of Mr. J. F. Kunkle as superin- tendent. Rev. Hege is a son of St. Luke’s at Williamson. Six pastors have ministered to the spiritual needs of the people of this congregation, in the following order: Revs. T. O. Keister, D. D., J. U. Asper, G. E. McCarney, J. Grover C. Knip- ple, C. H. Hershey and Paul J. Horick. ST. STEPHEN’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, UPTON, PA. (Lemasters Charge) Rev. Pauu J. Horick, Pastor St. STEPHEN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, UPTON, PA. St. Stephen’s Lutheran Church of the Lemasters Charge was established in the year 1857. The corner-stone of the church building was laid on September 4, 1857, in connection with a service that was held in the barn of Mr. Jacob Douberman. The service on this occasion was conducted by the Rev. Edward CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 363 Breidenbaugh, pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church at Greencastle, Pa. On January 16, 1858, the following Lutheran trustees were elected: Adam Mummert and John Greenawalt. The church was dedicated on Sunday morning, August 8, 1858. ‘The sermon was delivered by Rev. Reuben Hill, pastor of St. John’s Lutheran Church of Hagerstown, Md., assisted by Revs. T. S. Apple, Edward Breidenbaugh and John Rebaugh of Greencastle, Pa., and I. J. Brown from Mercersburg. In 1858 the following were elected members of the council of the Lutheran congregation: Adam Mummert, Jacob Douber- man, Isaac Weagley and John Greenawalt. Extensive improvements were made to the church in 1889 and 1890; the re-dedication service being held January 19, 1890. St. Stephen’s Church formed a part of the Greencastle Charge until October 11, 1905, since which time, together with the church- es at Williamson and Lemasters, 1t forms a part of the Lemas- ters Charge. The pastors, therefore, have been the same that served these charges. This congregation has given one of its sons to the ministry,—the Rev. John H. Hege, who is now serving in the Lutheran ministry at Dover, York, Co., Pa. TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, LEMASTERS, PA. (Lemasters Charge) Rev. PAu “HORICK PASTOR TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, LEMASTERS, Pa. Trinity Lutheran Church of Lemasters was founded about 1885, Rev. M. L. Culler supplying it from Mercersburg. At this early date there was no church edifice; but the organization grew 364 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD so large in membership, that it was found necessary to build a place of worship, and in 1892 a committee was appointed under Dr. L. A. Mann, composed of Henry Etter, Dr. W. O. Lantz and Daniel Glazer. The corner-stone of the present building was laid in 1893 and the church was dedicated the following year. The church was served from Mercersburg from 1885 to 1905. In July, 1895, a committee was appointed to canvass the field to find whether a union could be effected with Trinity of Lemasters, St. Stephen’s of Upton, and St. Luke’s of Williamson. This committee reported favorably and the charge was formed as it is at present constituted, known as the Lemasters Lutheran Charge. From this period this charge has been served by the follow- ing pastors: Rev. J. U. Asper, from Walkersville, Md., 1905- 1912; Rev. Guy E. McCarney, from Gettysburg, Pa., 1913-1916; (the parsonage was completed under his administration); Rev. J. G. C. Knipple, 1917-1920; Rev. C. H. Hershey, 1920-1923; the present pastor began his service on April 1, 1923. REV. LUCKETT ASHTON BUSH Pastor oF Trinity LUTHERAN CHURCH, LEMOYNE, Pa. Rev. L. A. Bush was born in Lovettsville, Loudon County, Virginia, September 29th, 1870; and is the son of Dr. J. C. and Mary Ellen (Slater) Bush. He was baptized by the Rev. X. J. Richardson, who was a prom- inent divine in the Lutheran Church in Virginia and Mary- land. L. A. Bush ‘received his early training in the public schools of Adams (‘County,." Pane andeean Harney, Carroll County, Md. His literary education was re- ceived at Gettysburg Academy and Gettysburg College, gradu- ating in 1894. He studied the- ology in the Hamma Divinity School at Sprinefield, Ohio, from which institution he graduated in 1897. Upon his graduation, he received a call from the Newcomers- CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 365 town, Ohio, pastorate, where he laboured for four years; after which he was called to the Jefferson pastorate of the Maryland Synod, in 1901; from Jefferson he was called to the Scalp Level Charge, serving this church from March 8rd, 1902, to November Ist, 1903. He went to Boonsboro, Maryland, from Scalp Level, Where he ministered for almost thirteen years, remodeling the church and parsonage for the third time, and doubling the mem- bership. On December 22nd, 1915, he was called to the Belle- ville pastorate of the Central Pennsylvania Synod, and after a successful administration of two years, was called to Trinity Lutheran Church of Lemoyne, Pa., January 28th, 1918. He was confirmed by the Rev. J. U. Asper, in the Mt. Joy Church (Mt. Joy Charge of the West Pennsylvania Synod). He was licensed to preach by the Wittenberg Synod at Van Wert, Ohio, October 4th, 1896; and ordained to the gospel ministry by the East Ohio Synod at Ashland, Ohio, October 24th, 1897. On July 18th, 1894, he was united in marriage to Ella Key Newcomer of Harney, Maryland. Five sons have blessed this union, namely: Marion P., Luther A., Horace E., J. Carroll, John L. The second son died in infancy. Upon the completion of his seminary course, Wittenberg College conferred the degree of A. M., and Hamma Divinity School, the degree of B. D. He has also filled honored positions in conferences and synods. TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, LEMOYNHE, PA Rev. L. A. Busy, Pastor TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, LEMOYNE, PA. 366 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD The Lutheran congregation of Riverton, now called Lemoyne, was organized on the 17th of January, 1895. The committee appointed by the Cumberland Valley Conference to look after the interest of the Lutherans at Riverton were: Rev. M. Ort, Rev. W. C. Seidel, and Rev. J. L. Nicholas. At a called meeting of this committee in the home of Mr. Sherman, on the above date, the following was transacted: Rev. J. Kistler was requested by Rev. M. Ort, chairman of the committee of Conference, to serve the people every two weeks in the morning and occasionally in the evening. The Rev. Ort called the members together, and stated that the purpose of the gathering was to effect a perma- nent organization at Riverton. At this meeting a constitution was adopted, such as recom- mended by the Home Mission Board. Messrs. W. M. Sherman and J. Eckert were elected Eld- ers; Messrs J. A. Kunkle and E. H. Eijchelberger were elected Deacons; Mr. Eichelberger de- clining to serve, Mr. 8. B. Leach was elected to fill the va- cancy. Rey. J. Kistler began to serve the mission January 31st, 1895; they worshipped in the Evangel- ical Church every two weeks. On the 7th of April the congregation elected Rev. J. Kistler as their pastor, who began work immediately. On March 14th, 1895, a lot 70x150 on. Hummel Ave. was purchased by the aid of the Home Mission Board, and on July 22nd, it was decided to erect a brick building 40x60 on the rear of the lot. October 13th, at 2:00 P. M., the corner-stone was laid by the pastor, assisted by H. B. Wile, D. D., of Carlisle, and D. M. Gilbert, D. D., of Zion Luth- eran Church at Harrisburg, Pa. The chapel was dedicated De- cember 22, 1895, with a sermon by H. H. Weber, D. D., of York; assisted by E. Huber, D. D., of Gettysburg, Pa. Mr. S. B. LEacn Rev. J. Kistler was succeeded Mri J. AS KUNKLE CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE SOT by Rev. Ibach of Philadelphia, who was secured as a supply pastor. Rey. Ibach resigned February 11, 1900. On June Ist, 1900, Rev. E. E. Deitterich of Ickesburg, Pa.., was called to the pastorate. During his stay here, he improved the appearance of the church property by laying a brick pave- ment and beautifying the lot. He closed his labours May 31st 1902. Rev. C. G. Leatherman was the next pastor. He ministered from May 31, 1903, to November 12th, 1906. He succeeded in erecting a large and convenient parsonage with all modern im- provements, at an estimated cost of $3000.00. Rev. 8. L. Rice took charge as pastor February Ist, 1907. Under his administration a cement block addition 40x70 was built to the chapel at a cost of $10,000.00. The church was much encouraged with this improvement and the work was strengthened. During his pastorate the church became self-sustaining. He re- signed January 14th, 1912. Rev. R. R. Rudolph was called April 15th, 1912, and served until May Ist, 1913. June Ist, 1913, Rev. E. L. Manges began his work here. He served the charge very acceptably and retired November 16th, 1917, to assume his duties as a Chaplain in the late war. During the recent war the church sent twenty-one young men into the service of the nation. The present pastor, Rev. L. A. Bush, began his ministry here March Ist, 1918. During his devoted ministry a two- manual pipe-organ costing $2600.00 has been installed; and im- provements were made in the church consisting of an altar, lec- tern, baptismal-font, indirect lighting system and frescoing. The school numbers about 390, while the communicant membership of the church is about 320. 368 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD REV. RALPH L. WAGNER PASTOR OF THE LOWER FRANKFORD CHARGE Ralph L. Wagner was born at Gordon, Schuylkill Co., Penna., on June 11, 1892. He is the son of Wiliam E. and Gertrude La- Shelle Wagner. He became a member, by confirmation, of St. Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Gordon. After graduating from the pub- lic schools of Gordon he con- tinued his education at Gettys- burg, Pa., graduating from Get- tysburg Academy in 1914; Get- tysburg College in 1918, with B. A. degree; and Gettysburg Theo- logical Seminary in 1922. At the present time he is pursuing a course in Biblical Literature in the University Extension De- partment of Columbia University, New York City. He was licensed to preach by the Synod of East Pennsylvania in 1921, and was ordanied by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1922. On May 15, 1922, he received a call to the Lower Frankford Charge of the Cumberland Valley Conference and began his pastoral duties on June 1, 1922. During the first year of his pastorate the Plainfield Church was equipped with stained glass memorial windows. On De- cember 10, 1922, he was installed as pastor and the church was re- dedicated by the Rev. Dr. G. W. Nicely, assisted by the former pastor, Rev. Ira F. Brame. During the same year a piano was purchased by the Stone Church Congregation. During 1923 two new memorial windows were placed in the pulpit end of the Plainfield church. A modern heating system has been installed in the Carlisle Springs church, and an electric lighting system in the Plainfield Church. — In addition to his pastoral duties he is secretary of the Carlisle Ministerial Association and chaplain of the Plainfield Grange. On August 9, 1922, he was united in marriage with. Miss Stella Shumaker, the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. L. M. Shumaker, of Harrisburg. Mrs. Wagner graduated from Gettysburg Acad- emy in 1918, and from Gettysburg College in 1921, with the B. A. degree. She was also awarded the Graeff Prize in English. Then she took a one year course in the Gettysburg Theological CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 369 Seminary and at the same time worked for and won her Master of Arts degree. During 1923 she completed a course inGreek and Latin Literature under the department of University Extension of Columbia University, New York City. On October 25, 1923, a daughter, Margaret Elizabeth Wag- ner, was born to Rev. and Mrs. Wagner. CARLISLE SPRINGS LUTHERAN CHURCH (Lower Frankford Charge) Rev. Rateu L. WAGNER, Pastor CARLISLE SPRINGS LUTHERAN CHURCH The German Reformed and Evangelical Lutheran union con- gregation was organized in 1828 at what was then known as Carlisle Sulphur Springs. The financial record of the joint- council states than on November 8, 1828, the amount of $372.87 was subscribed to pay the cost of the substantial stone building then known as the Sulphur Springs church. This building has withstood the storms of nearly a century and 1s still in a perfect state of preservation. ‘Our fathers builded well.” Historical records of the early years of the church are very meager and consequently dates of pastorates are to an extent conjectural and lable to error. Because of the fact that it has always been a union church there is a possibility of the confusion of names of the pastors of the two congregations, especially with respect to the very early pastorates. 370 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD The earliest Lutheran pastoral service of which there is record is that of the Rev. Daniel Wertz, who conducted a com- munion service in 1880. Rev. Charles F. Schaeffer was pastor from 1831 to 1834; Rev. John Ulrich, 1835-1842; Rev. Jacob Keampfer, 1842-1848. The dates of the following pastorates are not available—Revs. 8. Hooper, D. Stock, E. Dutt (1870?), D. A. Sterner, J. Kistler, and supply pastors Lesher and Gephart. On October 1, 1891, the Rev. Ira F. Brame was installed. He served faithfully and well for twenty-nine years and one month, resigning, October 31, 1921. The present pastor, Rev. Ralph L. Wagner, began his pastorate on June 1, 1922, and was formally installed on December 10th of the same year by the President of the West Penna. Synod, Rev. G. W. Nicely, D. D. In its youth the Carlisle Springs church building was as picturesque as it is pretty today. In addition to a gallery it had a high pulpit approached by a winding stairway. This pulpit remained in use until its replacement in 1902. The earliest recorded addition to the appointments of the church was the purchase of communion vessels at a cost of $13.87 in 1854. In 1868 a subscription was taken for the purchase of coal stoves. Presumably the church was heated prior to this date with wood burners. ? In 1902 the church building was extensively repaired and re- modeled. A belfry was constructed; stained glass windows in- stalled; a new pulpit, pulpit furniture, choir chairs, and pews were purchased; a new carpet was laid, and the walls and ceiling were newly papered and painted. The total expenditure was $1,036.54. The belfry, costing $75.00, was the gift of Mr. David Brindle. The bell was purchased by the Sunday School, which raised the sum of $80.00 for the purpose. The pulpit, pulpit furniture, and the pews were purchased by the Ladies’ Aid Society at a cost of $241.00. The choir chairs, costing $15, were the gift of Mrs. Amelia Leonard; and the pulpit lamp, costing $5, was the eift of Mr. Frank Leonard. The carpet, costing $31, was the gift of the Christian Endeavor Society. The stained glass windows, costing $182, were donated by various members of both congre- gations. Mr. Emmanuel Wert and Mr. R. 5S. Wolf collected by sub- scription $223.50. The total amount raised for the improvements was $1,087.43. After all bills were paid there was still a balance of $50.89 in the improvement fund. .B. Floyd anth Wile Beard. At the age of 16 he was confirmed by Rev. D. B. Floyd in the Lutheran church at Roh- rersville, to which his parents had transferred their membership. From early youth he had a desire to study for the ministry and was encouraged in this by Revs. Floyd and Beard. Under the latter’s direction and with his assistance he was prepared for College in the public schools of Boonsboro, Maryland. He en- tered the Freshman Class of Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg in the fall of 1887, graduating in 1891. In the fall of the same year he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettys- CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 419 burg, graduating in June, 1894, at which time he was given the degree of A. M. by Pennsylvania College. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod in the Third Lutheran Church of Baltimore, in October, 1893, and ordained by the West Pennsylvania Synod in the First Lutheran Church of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in October, 1894. On June 5, 1894, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Blanche Walter, of Fairfield, Pennsylvania, who was called to her eternal rest and reward, August 22, 1919. To this union were born four children, Luther Walter, at this time on his way to the foreign mission field in India; Naomi Grace, recently married to Rev. Walter D. Guss of Delaware Gardens, N. J.; and Mary Evelyn and Martha Eyelyn, twins, at home. Rey. Shifer has served the following pastorates: The Upper Bermudian Charge, Adams Co., Pennsylvania, July 1, 1894— May, 1896. During this pastorate the Mount Zion Church at Goodyear was repaired and the Sunday Schools of the charge were kept open the entire winter for the first time in their history. From May, 1896; to October, 1898, he was the missionary pastor of the Saint John’s Church of Davis, West Virginia. Preaching services were also conducted during the week quite frequently for the Lutherans in Baird and Gorman, points twenty-five miles away. Services were also held on Sunday afternoon at a point seven miles from Davis in the Valley of Canaan. Here he built the first church of any denomination in the valley, Mount Hebron. The Clearville Charge in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, was served from October, 1898—October, 1903. During this pastor- ate a parsonage was bought and paid for, two churches repaired, and Mount Zion congregation organized and church built, all financial obligations being met in full. During this term of ser- vice three young men were influenced to enter the ministry: Revs. E. Victor Roland, EH. E. Snyder, and Ernest Pee. The Upper Frankford Charge, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, was served from October, 19083—December, 1911. During this pastorate, the Saint Peter’s or “Brick”? Church, said to be at that time, one of the finest rural churches in the state, was built and dedicated free of debt. The Saint Thomas Charge in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, has been served from December, 1911, to the pres- ent. During his years in the ministry, Rev. Slifer has preached three thousand one hundred and eighty-eight sermons, delivered two hundred and twenty-six other addresses and travelled about sixty thousand miles. 420 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD ST. THOMAS LUTHERAN CHURCH (St. Thomas Charge) Rev. W. G. SLIFER, PASTOR LUTHERAN CHURCH, ST. THOMAS, PA. Ministers of the Lutheran church preached in St. Thomas or its vicinity before the beginning of the eighteenth century, but in what year an organization was effected there are no records to show. The first church was built in 1807. It was a log structure and was built by members of the Lutheran, Reformed and Presby- terian churches, each having a one third interest in the building and grounds. This church was very plain in its style of archi- tecture but answered the purpose for about 22 years. In 1829 the second church was built. This was larger and more modern than the first but bad not been in use very long when it was partially destroved by a storm of great severity that passed over this portion of the County. Repairs were promptly made and the building was soon ready for use again. The third building was erected i in 1853-4, but only the Luth- erans and Presbyterians united in its erection, the Reformed people having disposed of their interest to the Lutherans. In 1899 the Presbyterians sold their interest to the Lutherans. In the same year important changes and improvements were made to the edifice, and others at various times since. The last were made during the summer of 1924. These consisted of exterior and interior repainting of the walls and refinishing of all the wood- work, including pews, altar and pulpit furniture. Also the placing of a painting in the pulpit recess, “Christ in the Garden,” as a memorial to Mrs. W. G. Slfer, by her husband and children. The reopening exercises were held Sunday, September 28th. The St. Thomas Congregation was served from or in con- nection with various other churches until October, 1891, when, by action of Synod it was united with Trinity Church of Fort CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 421 Loudon and these two churches constitute the charge at the present time. The church has had twenty pastors during these 117 years of history, of which only five are living. They are as follows, with dates of service: Revs. John G. Moeller, from or- ganization until 1829; J. Ruthrauff, 1830-1833; Reuben Weiser, 1833-1835; Samuel Ruthrauff, 1835-1836; Peter Sahm, 1837-1840; John N. Hoffman, supply for six months; David Smith, 1843-1846; W. A. Kopp, 1846-1849; Adam Height, 1849-1850; Peter P. Lane, 1851-18538; D. H. Focht, 1853-1855; George Sill, 1855-1859; Sol- omon McHenry, 1859-1866; J. K. Miller, 1866-1869; A. L. Felker, 1869-1871; A. H. Shertz, 1872-1884; J. A. Hartman, 1885-1895; T. L. Crouse, 1895-1903; J. C. Reighard, 1904-1907; Henry W. Snyder, supply pastor summer of 1908, regular pastor, 1909-1911; W. G. Slifer, 1911 to the present time. ERINITY GUTHHERAN CHURCH, FORT LOUDON, PA, (St. Thomas Charge) REV. WAG, OLIPER, PASTOR This congregation was or- ganized May 7, 1848, with 33 charter members (18 men and 15 women) under the pastoral supervision of Rev. D. Smith. The first church was erected in 1846 at a cost of $1208. Rev. Smith resigned the field October, 1844, on account of illhealth. October 1845, Rev. Wm. Kopp took charge but resigned in Oc- tober, 1847, on account of difficulties. February 6, 1848, Rev. Smith was re- called but must have serv- . ed only a few months as Rev. Solomon McHenry was pastor in the fall of 1848. His last recorded ser- vice wasSeptember 12, 1858. Rev. G. Roth became pastor in May, 1859, and remained until 1862. There are no records from this date until April 21, 1872. At this time Rev. A. J. Hesson took charge. There TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH is nothing to show how long Forr Loupon, Pa. 422 History OF WEsT PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD he remained or who the other pastors were until 1891, though a record of baptisms, ete., was kept. In 1891 the congregation was united with the St. Thomas church to form a charge, and has been served by the same pastors. In 1884 the first building was thoroughly remodeled and en- larged. Other improvements have been made since at various times so that the congregation now has a very attractive and worshipful church. SYLVAN CHARGE, FRANKLIN CoO., PA. The Sylvan Charge of the Cumberland Valley Conference is composed of the Mt. Zion and St. Mark’s Lutheran Churches, the former organized in 1845 and the latter in 1840. The present house of worship at Mt. Zion was built in 1854 by Reformed and Lutheran congregations, and has since been used by both. The Charge has been served by the following pastors: Revs. J. Mittler, 1850; Faus, 1855; McKenry, 1856; Sowers, 1857; Zimmerman, 1859; H. Knodle, 1864-1866; C. Knodle, 1872-1876; J. M. Graybill, 1870; C. Startsman, 1878; G. Trostle, 1891; E. A. Shenk, 1893. Connected with McConnellsburg Charge June 30, 1895; Rev. D. F. Drawbaugh, pastor; A. G. Wolf, 1900; A. H. Burk; Clifford Hays; J.C. Fasold; C. W. Sechrist; William Nichols; P. J. Horick, and L. W. Gross, who took charge August 1, 1923. He resigned the charge July 14th, effective August Ist, and at the time of this publication the charge is without a pastor. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE _ 423 REV. ABRAM R. LONGANECKER PaAsToR OF TRINDLE SPRINGS LUTHERAN CHURCH Mr. Longanecker was born near Mummasburg, Adams Co., Pa., November 26, 1867, the son of John 8. and Mary Elizabeth Longanecker. He was baptized and confirmed in the Lutheran Church = at Arendtsville, Pa., by Rev. D. T. Koser, pastor. In the fall of 1891 he entered Gettysburg College, and grad- uated from that institution in 1895, in the fall of the same year entering the Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg, where he con- tinued his studies until his grad- uation in 1879. He was licensed by the Mary- land Synod in 1896 and ordained by the same Synod in 1897. His first pastoral work was begun in the Shenandoah Charge of the Virginia Synod in 1897, and continued until 1899, when a call was received from the Dillsburg Charge, York County. He served this charge until December, 1903. He next accepted an invitation to become pastor of the Swissvale Lutheran Church and remained until June, 1905. Then an opportunity was given to organize a new congregation at DuBois, Pa. After the organ- ization, a call was received and accepted to become its pastor, and his service here continued until 1912. The Loysville Charge, Perry County, Pa., was his next field of labor. The pastoral relationship continued here until 1920, when the duties of his present pastorate at Trindle Springs were entered upon. ' He was married to Miss Agnes H. Snyder, daughter of D. K. and Mary Snyder, of McKnightstown, Pa., July 6th, 1898. From this union there are the following children: Mable G., Reida, Elizabeth Mary and Edwin. 424 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD TRINDLE SPRINGS LUTHERAN CHURCH, TRINDLE SPRINGS, PA. Rev. A. R. LONGANECKER, PASTOR TRINDLE SPRINGS LUTHERAN CHURCH The Trindle Springs congregation was organized by John Harris, in 1765. ‘The first pastor was Rev. Jacob Goehring, a young man of 20 years. All the services were in the German language. Following Rev. Mr. Goehring, who resigned the charge in 1780, the charge has been served successively by Revs. J. G. Butler, Adam Henry Meyer, John Herbst, Frederick Sano, es P. Hecht, Benjamin Keller, who served from 1816 to 1824, which time the charge was composed of eight Consent Carlisle, Trindle Springs, St. John’s, Upper Frankford, Lower Frankford and a congregation in Perry County. There were thirty-four members at Trindle Springs when Rev. Keller took charge. The congregation at this time worshipped in a log church building, located in what is now known as the Old Cemetery. The first Sunday School was organized here in 1826. In 1873 prep- aration was made for the erection of the present church build- ing, Which was completed during the same year. Succeeding Rev. Keller, Rev. A. H. Lochman served from 1824 to 1826; Rev. M. I. Stroh, 1829, 1830, during whose pastorate CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE ADD a charter was obtained for the German Reformed and the German Lutheran congregations, incorporating them into a Union Church; Rev. Emanuel Keller, 1830-1835; Rev. A. Babb, 1837-1838; Rev. A. Height, 1851-1853; Rev. C. F. Stoever, 1855-1863. During his administration the first records were made concerning the proceedings of the trustees of the Union Congregation. Continuing the order of pastorates, Rev. J. R. Groff, 1863- 1870; Rev. H. R. Fleck, 1872-1875; Rev. M. Ort, 1876-1895. In 1875 the separation of the German Reformed and the German Lutheran congregations took place. In 1880, under the super- vision of Dr. Ort the church was renovated at an expense of $862.75. In 1891-92 the church property came into legal poss- ession of the Lutheran congregation. The order of pastorates then followed: Rev. A. A. Kelly, 1896-1899, during which time the church was again remodeled; Rev. B. R. M. Sheeder, 1900-1902; Rev. E. E. Parson, 1902-1908; Rev. E. H. Ehrhart, 1908-1910; Rev. T. E. Shearer, 1911-1913; Rev. 8. 5. Garnes, 1914-1918; Rev. U. E. Apple, 1918-1920. Rev. A. R. Longanecker, the present pastor, began his labors here December Ist, 1920. BRICK CHURCH, OR ST. PETER’S, CUMBERLAND CoO. (Upper Frankford Charge) ‘ST. PETER’s, “Brick” CHURCH, CUMBERLAND Co. Bui tT 1826 The original organization was effected in 1796. The first baptism was that of Henry Bloser, born May 13th, 1795, baptized February 12th, 1796. The first lot of ground was purchased and surveyed March 17, 1800. The trustees paid $16 for 1 acre and 426 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD 23 perches. The original church was immediately built. Peter Bloser and Martin George advanced the money to pay for it. The organization was known as the United German Society of Lutherans and Calvinists of Frankford Township. In 1809 the communicant membership of the Lutheran con- gregation was 35. In 1820 the membership had grown to 104. During this period Revs. Benjamin Keller, Hall and others served as pastors. In 1823 Rev. G. Heiliz took charge and a meeting was called to make plans to secure the funds to build a new church. The German Lutheran congregation numbered 75; the German Re- formed, 25. These two congregations built the Brick Church on a new plot of ground bought from Peter Bloser for $20. The cornerstone was laid September 2, 1826. The church cost $2000 in money and much free labor in addition. This building was at that time the finest building west of Carlisle in the Valley. Rev. G. Heiliz held his last communion service January 17, 1827; 73 communed. The same year he resigned, and Rev. J. N. Stroh took charge. He remained 5 years during which time the membership increased to 125. Rev. D. P. Rosenmiller, the next pastor, remained 8 years and saw the congregation grow to 150. During this pastorate Rev. Daniel Sells united with the church. Rev. John Heck came next and remained 4 years. He was fol- lowed by Rev. E. Bridenbaugh who remained 4 years. At this time the congregation paid $100 per year to the pastor’s support. The next pastor was Rev. Sidney L. Harkey. He remained 2 years. The membership was 100. From March, 1852, to De- cember, 1860, the church was served by Rev. Joshua Evans. 100 members were added and the salary was increased to $150. The next pastor was Rev. H. Baker from January 1, 1861, to May, 1867. Salary $200. During the next year the church was served by Rev. H. E. McKnight. He was succeeded by Rev. E. Dutt, who remained from 1869 to 1874. Rev. 8. A. Diehl served this church from 1875 to 1885. In the spring of 1875, 80 members were added. During the latter part of this pastorate a dissolution of the relationship which had existed for so many years between the Lutheran and Reformed congregations was mutually agreed upon, the latter withdrawing their interests and erecting a church in the town of Bloserville. The next pastor was Rev. George 8. Bowers, who resigned October 1, 1888. Rev. R. 8. Stair served the congregation from October 1, 1888, to June 1, 1891. The next pastor was Rev. J. L. Metzger, who served the congregation 11 years and 9 months. The membership was 170. Rev. W. G. Slifer took charge Sep- tember 19, 1903. In the spring of 1905 the congregation decided to build a new church. The cornerstone of the new building was laid April CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 427 30, 1905, by the pastor. The sermon was preached by Rev. J. J. Kerr, of St. Paul’s Lutheran church of Newville. The church was completed and dedicated December 17, 1905. ST. PETER’s, ‘BRICK’? CHURCH, CUMBERLAND Co. Burtt 1905 The structure is of Gettysburg red brick trimmed with Hum- melstown brown stone. It is Gothic in style with audience room 37x49 feet and Sunday School room 30x32 feet and a tower 50 feet high in which hangs a 1000 lb. bell donated by Rev. Slhifer and Samuel Burkhart. The cost of the completed building was $8,000. This is the present house of worship and is valued today at $15,000. The sermon of dedication was preached by Rev. T. C. Billheimer, D. D., of the Gettysburg Theological Seminary. The membership was about 180; the membership of the 8. 8S. about 190. Rev. Slifer resigned November 19, 1911. Rev. Mervin E. Smith was pastor of the charge from April 1, 1912, to November 1, 1915. Rev. John W. Wolfe began work May 1, 1916, and closed his work June 1, 1920. The membership at this time was about 130. Martin L. Rudisill was pastor from November 1, 1921, to Febru- ary 28, 1923. Rev. C. H. Shull, took charge May 1, 19238, and served until December 15, 1924. Revs. D. P. Drawbaugh and Guy Miller are sons of this church. It is now served in connection with St. James’s congregation of Bloserville, and the Center congregation, both of which were organized out of this congregation; the former in 1891 during the pastorate of Rev. R. S. Stair; the latter in 1872 during that of Rev. E. Dutt. The total membership of the charge is 300. The S. S. about the same number. 498 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD . The present Church Council are the following: Elders, Reuben Clouse, Luther M. Barrick, John M. Mayberry, George Fry; Deacons, John Snyder, John Throne, Pash I. Bloser, Wilham C. St. JAMEs’s LUTHERAN. CHuRCH, CUMBERLAND Co. Bistline; Trustee: Elliott Miller. George Fry is President of the Council. William C. Bistline is the Secretary. Elliott Miller is Superintendent of the Sunday School and President of the C. E. CENTER LUTHERAN CHURCH, CUMBERLAND Co. Society. George Fry was Superintendent of this Sunday School for a period of 25 years. He resigned in the spring of 1924 on account of his duties*asyTreasurer of Cumberland Co., which took him to Carlisle. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 429 REVIWiiLGAN we oCHULLZ PASTOR OF THE UPPER STRASBURG CHARGE Rev. W. J. Schultz was born in Heburn Township, Lycoming County, Pa., September 19, 1879, the son of Edward Albert and Hannah Schultz. He is the grandson of the Rev. Augustus Schultz, who served a number of Lutheran pastorates in Ly- coming County. The ’teen age of the subject of our sketch was spent on the farm. His early education was received in a district school; after having earned a common school diploma, he entered the Ly- coming Co. Normal School, taking asummer course in preparation for teaching and college. He taught public schools for five years and then entered the Freshman Class of Bucknell University, eraduating in 1910 in the Classical Course. After three years of continued study he was granted the A. M. degree by Bucknell University. In the fall of 1910 he entered the Theological Department of Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pa., graduating in 1918. He was ordained in the Pine Street Lutheran Church, Danville, Pa., by the Susquehanna Synod May 4, 1918, and has served the fol- lowing Charges; Zion’s Charge, Center Co., for nine years and five months beginning July 1, 1912; Rebersburg Charge, Center Co., sixteen months beginning December 1, 1921; Espy Briar- creek Charge, Columbia Co., two years and three months beginning April 1, 1928; and his present Charge of Upper Strasburg, Franklin Co., upon the duties of which he entered August 1, 1925. UPPER STRASBURG CHARGE, FRANKLIN COUNTY, PA. Rev. W. J. ScHuLtTz, PASTOR This Charge is composed of four congregations, Emmanuel, Salem, St. Paul’s and Zion Lutheran. The oldest organization is that of the Salem Lutheran Church, at Pleasant Hall, Franklin County, which dates back to June 5th, 430 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD 1786, as the time of its founding. The first edifice in which the people worshipped was a log building, the second was a frame building with galleries on three sides of the church; and the third structure, the present building, is of brick and was erected in 1854. We have no record of the first pastor, who organized the congregation. The first pastor of whom the congregation has any record was the Rev. Nicholas Stroh, who supplied it from Ship- pensburg, Pa., riding on horse-back. He became the regular pastor in the year 1827, and served until 1840, when he was suc- ceeded by the Rev. Isaac Smith, who served until March 12, 1842. One of the oldest graveyards in Franklin County is that of the Lutheran Church picturesquely situated near the village of Pleasant Hall in Letterkenny township, the deed for which passed December 10, 1789, from the then owner to the joint trusteeship of the Lutheran and Reformed churches. The original trustees were Jasper Reed, Henry Humpberger, John Cramer, Frederick Stake, Lutherans; Peter Sharer, George Stinger, John Snyder, Devault Kever, named in the deed as Reformers. No change in title has taken place since that date. On part of this ground the old log church was erected, and there it stood through the rack of the elements and twisted by some human disturbances until it was torn down in 1851, to be replaced the following year by the simple brick building which, with some architectural changes made in 1902, still accommodates the growing Lutheran congregation of Pleasant Hall. In the original log structure, almost one hundred years ago, about the year 1830, its first Sunday School was organized. This followed some arduous religious work by Jacob Minehart, who was a member of the congregation but had lately removed to Ship- pensburg. In connection with Rev. Adam Hyte he established this school, was made its superintendent, and on more than one occasion Walked from Shippensburg to Pleasant Hall and back, a distance of some sixteen miles, to take part in the exercises of the school. The old log church, after being taken down in 1851, was re- moved to what is now Lurgan and there the logs were rebuilt into what is now known as the Union Church, still sneuation. and occupied as a place of worship. How many bodies are buried in the old ngouainal no one knows. The unknown and unmarked graves are many; and there are also many Revolutionary soldiers buried here, most of whose eraves are unmarked. For the purpose of locating all these and for the restoring of the grounds an association Was organized in 1910, with the following officers: President, T. Z. Minehart; Vice- President, Harry Treher; Secretary, Irvin S. Cramer; Treasurer, The Farmers’ and Merchants’ Trust Company of Chambers- CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 431 burg, the last named to have authority to receive and hold moneys in trust for the future maintenance of the yard. The Emmanuel Lutheran Congregation, of Upper Strasburg, Franklin Co., Pa., was organized in 1821. No record can be found stating by whom the organization was brought about; but doubtless it was under the leadership of Rev. Nicholas J. Stroh, who became the regular pastor at Pleasant Hall in 1827, and served Emmanuel, at Upper Strasburg, Salem, at Pleasant Hall, and Zion, at Keefer’s, Pa., until 1840. These three congregations were then served by the following pastors successively: Revs. Daniel Smith, 1840-1842; Stepnes, 1842-1844; John Williams, 1844-1848; S. M cHenry, a few months but no dates given; Adam Height, 1849-1850: C. F. Kunkel, 1850- 1854; J. Welfley, 1856-1858; C. A. Gelwix, 1859-1860; M. Snyder, 1860-1866; Rev. E. Dutt, 1866-1869. It was during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Dutt that the St. Paul’s Lutheran Congregation at Orrstown, Pa., was organized, in 1867. The first step toward this organization was taken during a walk to Pleasant Hall by Samuel B. Wise and Samuel Heister in the fall of 1866. Upon their arrival, their proposition made to Rev. E. Dutt and some of the other Christian people met with hearty approval. A meeting was called at the undertaking room of Samuel Heister, which was attended by John Karper, Isaac Wise, Samuel B. Wise, W. H. Blair, Daniel Keefer, Samuel Kar- per, S. B. Shields and Samuel Heister. Desiring to learn what money could be raised to carry their plans into execution, the members present subscribed the follow- ing sums: W. H. Blair, $50.00; J. H. Wise, $100.00; 8. B. Wise, $50.00; S. B. Shields, $40. 00; Samuel Karper, $25.00; John Karper, 100.00 In fur ther effor ts to collect funds the success was so meager that the enterprise was almost abandoned; but it received a new impetus when Samuel B. Wise, on a trip through Lurgan and Fairview and adjacent country, received contributions amounting to $325, including one from Henry Blair for $25.00, and another from Emanuel Staver and family for $100.00. Within a com- paratively short time the sum of $2400.00 was raised, and the work of building definitely undertaken. The lot selected for the church is situated in the eastern part of the town on the South side of Main St., and was purchased from John Karper for $100.00. At a meeting held in Orrstown, April 6, 1867, the following officers were elected: Trustees, John Karper and David Coleman; Elders, Samuel Heister and Emanuel Staver; Deacons, David Minick, Samuel B. Wise, Emanuel Killinge and Samuel Karper. On the 17th day of August, 1867, the corner stone was laid by the Rev. E. Dutt, assisted by Rev. J. K. Miller. On the 26th day of January, 1868, the church was dedicated 432 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD by the pastor, Rev. E. Dutt, assisted by Rev. M. J. Alleman, M. L. Shingle and L. I. Williams, as the first Evangelical Lutheran Church of Orrstown, Pa. Continuing the succession of pastorates, Rev. A. H. Shertz served the charge from 1869 to 1872; Rev. J. C. Honeycutt, 1872- 1876; Rev. D. M. Blackwelder, 1876-1877; Rev. John Kistler, 1877- ; Rev. George W. Rhodes, 1884- + “4Revil Eis Letterman, 1889- ; Rev. Charles A. Hoy, 1891- ; Rev. M. L. Snyder, 1893-1903; Rev. Charles A. Day, 1903- > Rev. W. D. Nicoll, 1905- ; Rev. M. D. Geesey, 1909-1911; Rev. 8. F Greenhoe, 1913-1924; the present pastor, Rev. W. J. Schultz, entered upon his duties August 1, 1925. REV. LUDWIG C. MORTENSEN PASTOR OF THE WEST FAIRVIEW CHARGE Rev. Ludwig C. Mortensen, the present pastor of St. Mark’s and St. Paul’s Churches com- prising the West Fairview Charge, was born at St. Paul, Munn., January 30, 1883. As is often the case with sons of ministers, he had the oppor- tunity of attending schools in several cities, on account of his father’s removing from charge to charge. He attended grammar school at Hartford, Conn., Sum- mervule and Cambridge, Mass., and Chicago, Ill. Attended High School at Minneapolis, Minn., also a college belonging to the United Norwegian Church. Lat- er he went to Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. Having learned two trades it was an easy matter to travel and see what our country looked like. He spent much time traveling through the western states. For one and one-half years, he was engaged in slum mission work in the city of Brooklyn, N. Y., under his father, the Rev. V. A. M. Mortensen. He entered Seminary at Gettysburg, September, 1921, and eraduated May, 1924. June 6, 1923, he married Miss Ruth Anna CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 433 Meales of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. May 1, 1924, he accepted a call to the pastorate of the West Fairview Charge of the West Pennsylvania Synod. ST. MARK’S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH West FarIrRvIEW, PENNSYLVANIA Rev. Lupwic C. MortTENSEN, PAsToR St. Mark’s LUTHERAN CHuRCH, WEST FarIRVIEw, Pa. In the early days of this town it was necessary for the Luth- erans who desired to attend Lutheran services to walk to what is now known as Enola, a distance of three miles to church. On account of the distance many of the Lutheran people sent their children to the Methodist and United Brethren Churches. Feeling the need of this church, they started immediately to seek subscriptions for a building, and for members. Having met with great success, the congregation was organized at the home of the Pastor on September 10, 1869. The members of Zion Church had asked that they be dismissed and received their letters. The following were the charter members: Mrs. L. A. Dasher, Mary Rapp, Caroline Spong, Susan Eslinger, Elizabeth Wilbar, Eliza Wilbar, F. S. Moltz, Mary C. Banks, Jennie Banks, Cather- ine Ebner, Eve Kilheffer, Aug. Ebner, C. F. Wilbar, J. P. Wilbar, Jacob Eckert. Of the charter members there is only one left, Mrs. Elizabeth 434 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Wilbar, now a member of Bethlehem Lutheran Church, Harris- burg. There were also three others who had declared their intention of uniting, but were not present at this meeting: Catherine Lantz, Catherine Kennedy, Mary C. Hood. Of these there is one living, Catherine Kennedy, now of Terre Haute, Indiana. The church adopted the General Synod Formula for the government and discipline of the church. The first officers were elected by Zion and ratified by St. Mark’s and were as follows:—Trustees: John Sheets, Jacob Eck- ert, Chas. F. Wilbar; Elders: Jacob Eckert, Aug Ebner; Deacons: Chas. F. Wilbar, J. P. Wilbar; Secretary, J. P. Wilbar; Treasurer, C. F. Wilbar. These officers were installed by Rev. Dasher. The trustees were the building committee for the new church. The ground was purchased for the sum of $779.50. The trench for the foundation was dug by Rev. Dasher, assisted by his son George, Jesse Lantz, Fred Lantz, John Moore and many men and little boys. Part of the foundation was laid and just nine days after the group had met at the home of the Pastor to form the new congregation, the corner stone was laid, September 19, 1869. On the platform sat the choir, the visiting ministers and the Pastor of the church. The visiting ministers were, Rev. A. W. Lilly, of York; Rev. F. C. Pritchard, of Me- chanicsburg; Rev. Henry Seifert, of Lewisburg. Mr. Theodore Moltz had charge of the music and among the selections used for the occasion was one composed by himself. There was four stanzas. One of these was memorized by a small cirl, now Mrs. John Moore. The first stanza is as follows: On this stone now laid with prayer, Let Thy church rise strong and fair: Ever, Lord, Thy name be known, Where we lay this corner stone. The corner stone contained the following: Copy of Sacred Scriptures, Luther’s Small Catechism, Lutheran Hymnal, Litera- ture of General Synod, Lutheran Almanac, 1869, Minutes of West. Penna. Synod, Minutes of General Synod, Lutheran Ob- server and American Lutheran, List of officers of Zion and St. Mark’s Churches, Names'of the President, U. 8. Grant; Vice- President, Schuyler Colfax of the United States; and the Governor of Penna., Gary; the order of the exercises at the laying of the corner stone; photo of Rev. Solomon Dasher, Pastor in charge. On Sunday, December 19, 1869, the building was dedicated. The sermon was preached by Rev. Lilly of York, text Isa. 56:7; sermon in the evening by Rev. J. H. Menges. At the corner stone laying there was subscribed, $316.80; at the morning service at dedication, $944.00; at the evening service, $108.50; Total, $1369.30. The total cost of the church was, $3375.47. CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 435 The church was a square building, plain walls, lighted with coal-oil lamps, had two large egg stoves for heating. The other furniture consisted of a book-case, cane-seated chairs which ten years later were replaced with the regular pulpit chairs, one large one and two small ones. In 1880 the tower with belfry was added at a cost of $867.96, and dedicated September 13, 1882. The bell was placed in memory of Mrs. Agatha Wilbar, who had willed $100 to St. Mark’s. At a council meeting the sons of Mrs. Wilbar expressed the desire that the money be used to pur- chase a bell. Part of the inscription can be read, as follows: “Presented to St. Mark’s Lutheran Church from mother A. C. Wilbar,” the rest having been effaced by the weather. September 18, 1883, an iron fence was placed around the church by Mrs. Lizzie Alexander and Mrs. Birdie Wilbar-Shutt. Bible donated for the pulpit by Mrs. Agatha Wilbar. Mrs. Rapp at different times donated, individual communion set, swinging doors, lectern, hymn board, collection plates. First organ bought January, 1872, replaced April 12, 1874; June, 1900, Charles Bretz donated one. Ladies’ Bible class assisted by the Sunday School gave the piano now in use. In the spring of 1900 the church was remodeled, papered, painted, choir loft made, altar railing, new pews, electric lights, gallery, blinds dividing primary rooms, and sixty-four small chairs placed in primary room. ‘This was during the second pastorate of Rev. Dasher. Also the entire church was carpeted, the entire cost of remodeling was $1600.57. Dedicated June, 1900, Dr. Weber of York had charge of the services. In April, 1906, during the pastorate of Rev. Wolgemuth, Zion of Enola withdrew. The stained glass windows were placed in their position May 29, 1907. These were dedicated June, 1907, by Rev. A. G. Wolf, Pastor at the time. In 1921 the iron fence was removed and the cement walk laid on the north side of church, belfry repaired and a new roof put on. In 1922 the church was painted and a canopy placed over the front door with an electric light. New furniture placed in the church, altar, lectern, pulpit chairs, choir loft, and chancel railing. These last were through the efforts of Rev. C. A. Lantz. The last joint council meeting of all four churches which at one time comprised this charge was held March 31, 1906; this was the thirty-ninth anniversary. In July, 1900, it was agreed to sell the church property at New Market and buy at New Cumberland. On October 10, 1910, St. Paul’s Lutheran Church of New Cumberland was dedicated. The men who served this charge are as follows: Rev. Solomon Dasher, organizer of the church, was born at 436 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Palmyra. He moved to West Fairview with his parents, and at an early age was left an orphan. He was hired to work on the Halderman farm and went to school until about eleven years of age in the little school-house across the railroad now occupied by ‘“Hinkles.” Previous to his study for the ministry he was a cooper at the Nail Works; this enhanced his hold on the men. It was told by himself that through his first wife’s lovely Christian character and influence he embraced re- ligion. He never went to college or seminary, but was tutored for the ministry by a pastor. REv. SOLOMON DASHER His first charge was at Lewisburg; he left there to come to Zion now in Enola. He hadthree churches in this charge. Stone, Brick or Zion, New Market and then the new church at West Fairview. After several years’ service here he left to go to Jubilee Lutheran Chapel, 15th and Sharp Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Here he later built the Memorial Lutheran Church. He served these people about twenty-three years, coming back to St. Mark’s for the Memorial in 1896. On Nov. 17, 1850, Rev. Dasher married Lydia Wilbar, daughter of a West Fairview iron man from New England. AI- most fifty happy years had passed when his beloved wife was taken from him. His health was much impaired. Because of frail health and sorrow he wished to resign but St. Mark’s refused to accept. Just seven months after losing his companion (June 22, 1901) he died while visiting his daughter Myna in Lebanon. His body was brought to West Fairview where services were held Tuesday, June 25, 1901, in St. Mark’s Church. He was 75 years of age. The church could not hold all who wished to attend his funeral. Rev. Hocker of Steelton had charge of the service. Rev. Stock, President of Synod, and fully a dozen other ministers were present. His character was beautiful, his lovely qualities were well remembered by his congregation. Served from September 10, 1869 to 1872 and again September, 1896 to 1901; Rev. 8. E. Herring, September 1872 to 1874; Rev. E. Dutt, April, 1874 to 1875; Rev. I. Irvine, July, 1875 to 1877; Rev. Tressler, March, 1877 to 1880; Rev. McHenry, April, 1881 CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 437 to 1882; Rev. E. Felton, July, 1882 to 1883; Rev. Lingle, February, 1884 to 1886; Rev. Earhart, April, 1886 to 1888; Rev. W. C. Seidel, October, 1888 to 1890; Rev. J. L. Nicholas, September, 1890 to 1896; Rev. W. A. Wolgemuth, September, 1902 to 1906; Rev. A. G. Wolff, October, 1906 to 1917; Rev. C. A. Lantz, October, 1917 to 1923; Rev. Ludwig C. Mortensen; May, 1924 to—. With the coming of the present pastor extensive repairs were made to the parsonage, which together with the building of a garage amounted to $1038.13 in cost. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL The first Sunday School was organized on March 5, 1870, with officers as follows: President, Rev. Dasher; Secretary and Treasurer, W. V. Banks; Superintendent, Josiah Wilbar; Ass’t. Superintendent, Wm. Kennedy; Librarian, Jacob Sparrow; Ass’t. Librarian, George Schutt. March 18, 1870, the officers, members, and friends met in the church to hold their first Sunday School service. Mr. E. 8. Ger- man delivered an address; they then commenced to organize the school by electing the teachers and classifying the members. After a short session the school was dismissed to meet on Sunday athe Pa; Nov. 4, 1882—Resolved, That the Sunday School collection of the first Sunday in the month be given to missionary purposes. The first monthly teachers’ meeting was held March 21, 1870. May 5, 1872, Mr. W. L. Lantz was appointed as secretary and treasurer and held this office for twenty-one years. Mr. J. P. Wilbar, the first superintendent, held office for twenty years. Present officers: Superintendent, J. G. Shaffer; Assistant Su- perintendent, Geo. Hoover; Secretary, Kenneth Lantz; Treasurer, J. Harper Lantz; Organist, Miss Lillian Freeland. The school has 14 classes, primary room, cradle roll, and home department. It has for several years stood in the list of 100% efficiency of the Cumberland County Sabbath School Association. ST. PAUL’S LUTHERAN CHURCH (West Fairview Charge) Rev. Lupwia C. MorTENSEN, PASTOR St. Paul’s Lutheran Church of the West Fairview Charge is situated in the north-eastern part of Silver Spring township, Cumberland County, near Lamb’s Gap in the Kittatinney Mts. and six miles north of Mechanicsburg. The Lutheran people of this community had a great distance 438 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD to go in the early days to attend Divine service. They finally decided to build a log meeting house and school-house combined. Joseph Walter gave the land and the house was built in 1829 about fifty feet east of the present church. The following year, 1830, the cemetery, known as the Walter graveyard was laid out by the schoolmaster Paddy Laverty. Soon after, Henry Shumberger, an infant son of Simon Shumberger and wife, was buried. This was the beginning of the silent city adjoining the old log meeting house, called the Walter meeting house. It was in use until 1858. St. Paut’s LUTHERAN CHURCH, CUMBERLAND Co. During the year 1857 another half acre of land was obtained from Joseph Walter, son of the donor of the first tract, on pay- ment of twelve and one-half dollars. On this tract the present ehurch was built, work beginning in 1857. The church council, responsible for building operations, was composed of the following men:—John Zeamer, Amos Spangler, Henry Noss, Daniel Miller, Jacob Walter and Jacob Simmons. Rev. Staver was the minister and gave the first ten dollars toward the building fund. Stone for the building was gotten in what is known as the “Stoney Batteries’ at the foot of the Kittatinney Mountains south of Lamb’s Gap. It is locally known as brown sand stone. The wall was built to the height of five feet during 1857 when the funds became exhausted. The building was completed in 1858. Benj. Waggoner, Adam Wertz and Samuel Karns were the stone masons and Wm. Albright did the carpenter work. Paint- ing was done by Geo. Horner. During the corner stone service, Mrs. Nathaniel Given carried CUMBERLAND VALLEY CONFERENCE 439 her small son, James, by the stone and he dropped a quarter of a dollar into the opening. This, with his name, is sealed in the stone. ! All the nails and spikes that were used in the building were made in the blacksmith shop of Jeremiah Bretz, one of the mem- bers. The church was dedicated December 25, 1858. The money was collected by Jacob Simmons, treasurer of the council, assisted by Emmanuel Holtz. On December 9, before dedication, the funeral of Joseph Walter, from whom the second tract of land was acquired, was held in the church. This funeral sermon was the first sermon preached in the church. | No Sunday School was held in the new building until the pastorate of Rev. Groff, 1863-1869, when a Sunday School was organized by him with Jacob Simmons as the first superintendent. On September 19, 1869, Rev. Pritchard became pastor and remained till October, 1870, being succeeded by Rev. Dasher who remained till 1871. In 1871 a tract of land east of the original Walter tract was purchased from John Single. On February 11, 1872, Rev. 8S. E. Herring preached his first sermon as pastor. He remained with the congregation till Feb. 6 137A. On July 5, 1874, Rev. Dutt became pastor and remained till March 28, 1875. He was followed in 1875 by Rev. Irving who remained but a short time. The congregation was without a regular pastor till 1877. Rev. Tressler then took charge and remained till 1880. During his pastorate, the congregation purchased its first organ. Rev. McHenry became pastor late in 1880 and remained till 1881. While he was pastor, the congregation held its first con- vention. Rev. Felton became pastor in 1882. The church was again repaired during his pastorate at a cost of $350. Rev. Felton re- mained till 1883. Rev. Lingle was pastor from February 1, 1884, to April 5, 1885, at a salary of $100. Rev. M. G. Earhart was pastor from April, 1885, till August 5, 1888, at a salary of $125. During the summer of 1887 an iron fence was built from the eastern side of the cemetery to the driveway just west of the church. The remainder was built in 1917. On October 4, 1888, Rev. W. C. Seidel became pastor and remained till March 30, 1890 at a salary of $125. On September 1, 1890, Rev. J. L. Nicholas became pastor. During his pastorate the church was repaired. At this time a belfry was built and a steel bell weighing five hundred pounds AAO History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD was purchased and hung. The church was roofed, painted and the walls were pointed. The two side doors were closed and the door placed in the center of the east wall. Several other changes were made. Rev. Nicholas remained with the congregation till Spetember 1, 1896. Soon after this a new organ was obtained, money being col- lected by Adaline Walter Wertz and Mrs. Wm. Erb. During the year 1896 the church was chartered St. Paul’s Lutheran Church. The next year the church withdrew from the West Fairview charge and from June 1, 1897, till late in 1898 was served by Rev. Dasher. From the time of the withdrawal from the West Fairview charge until 1916, when it was_again made a part of that charge, the church was provided with supplies from other churches by Synodical arrangement. The supplies were as follows:— Rev. A. A. Kelley, June 1, 1898—September 1, 1899. Rev. H. R. Fleck, December 10, 1899—October 31, 1900. Rev. B. R. M. Sheeder, November 1, 1900— 1902. During his pastorate the Elizabeth Walter property was purchased for $700 and joined to the church property on the west. Rev. E. E. Parsons, 1902—1908. Rev. Gerhart, 1909—October, 1910. Rev. Thomas Shearer, 1911—1913. Rev. Garnes, 1914—1916. Rev. A. H. Wolf of the West Fairview church now became pastor of St. Paul’s as well and served from 1916 till September 2, 1917. In December, 1917, Rev. Chas. A. Lantz came as pastor of the two churches. While Rev. Lantz was pastor, the church was made much more attractive and comfortable. To him we owe a ereat debt of gratitude, for by his untiring energy and skill the work was pushed forward and completed. The cost of the reno- vating and repairs was $3000. Of this amount $665 had been contributed by our Sunday School which numbers ninety-two. On the day of re-dedication, May 13, 1923, three services were held. No personal solicitations were made but the free will offerings amounted to almost $1500. In November, 19238, Rev. Lantz resigned and in February, 1924, Rev. Mortensen was chosen to succeed him. CHAPTER XVIII YORK COUNTY CONFERENCE BEMUVMELR GS CHURCH IY OlKeC OUNARY (PAs The history of Bleimeir’s church, which is one of the oldest places of worship in York County, is indefinite, due to the loss of records, if such were kept in the early days of her history. Martin Bleimeir, who came to this country in 1749, settled in York Township, York County, and donated 40 acres of land for to found a school and sanctuary for the worship of God and the preaching of His Word. Just when St. John’s Lutheran and Reformed congregations were organized is not definitely known. Prowell’s history of York County says it took place in 1758. But the date is questionable, as there are no deeds or records obtainable. The joint congre- gation as now constituted made no charter before 1860. How- ever, records obtainable do show that children were baptized by George Bager in 1767, March 19th. The record of this baptism states, that the boy was over a year old when baptized; and as the German custom was to have children baptized before they are a year old, Prof. Grim of Gettysburg College is of the opinion that there must not have been a pastor up until that date. The record book, with a hog-skin covering, was started by Rev. Bager, who was then pastor of Christ Church, York. But there was a school house in the glen a few hundred feet from where the present church now stands, and funerals must have been held here as early as 1755 according to tombstone records. The congregation may thus be older than the register book started by Bager. Dr. Adam Stump thinks that the latter is true. If this be true, the pastor must have been Rev. Lucas Raus, who was both a minister and a physician, living in York. Rev. Raus was pastor of the mother church in York in 1758, but left the mother church in 1763. Then he organized about half-a-dozen rural congregations, of which Bleimeir’s must have been one, as his name appears in the bap- tismal records in 1769. But in July of the same year we find records showing that Rev. Bager also baptized some children in this territory. The first record we find in our Lutheran archives of Bleimeir’s Church is in the minutes of the Ministerium, 1792, when Mr. Ritz was appointed to serve as a catechist under the supervision of the pastor living in Hanover. Records show that he served 44] 442 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Shuster’s, Sattler’s, Bleimeir’s and Frey’s churches. In 1793 Stahley’s or St. Luke’s was added. Three churches have been erected on this sacred soil. The first was a log church, in all probability similiar to the one erected at Frey’s about twelve years later. The space between the logs was chucked and was not plastered on the outside. The gable ends and the windows were painted red; the main door and inside of the building, white. The building had no chimney, as fires were always built on the outside. The seats consisted of slabs and the floors were the tamped earth. About twenty years was the life of such buildings. The second church was built of boards. The third church was built of brick, which now stands as a monu- ment to the loyalty and sacredness of the early Lutheran and Reformed settlers who came to York Township, York County. At present, preaching services are held by the Reformed con- gregation every two weeks, while the Lutheran congregation is supplied from time to time by visiting pastors. A very live and active Sunday School is maintained, having over a hundred on the roll; while the membership of each congregation is becoming smaller and smaller each year. The following Lutheran pastors served this church. The dates of the early pastorates are not obtainable. Rev. Lucas Raus; Rev. George Bager; Mr. Ritz, (Catechist) ; Rev. John Reyman; Rev. Conrod Reyman; Rev. John Herbst, 18138- 1819; Rev. George Stecher, 1820-1830; Rev. A. Geanal; Rev. J. Harman; Rev. Jacob Kaempfer; Rev. John Conway; Rev. Peter Warner, 1871-1882; Rev. E. Lenhart, 1883-1886; Rev. C. W. Baker, 1886-1892; Rev. A. M. Heilman, 1892-1894; Rev. I. B. Crist, 1895-1897; Rev. W. F. Bare, 1898-1902; Rev. J. B. Lau, 1902-1904; Rev. Samuel Greenhoe, 1904-1912; Rev. C. N. Schind- ler, 1913-1915; Rev. 8. L. Hench, 1915-1918. YorRK County CONFERENCE 443 REV. GLENN T. HAFER PASTOR OF THE CHANCEFORD CHARGE Rev. Hafer was born Nov. 1, 1897, in Franklin Co., Pa., a son of Nicholas M. and Sarah I. Hafer. After receiving his early education in the public schools of Franklin Co., he continued through Gettysburg College, and was graduated in 1920. After teaching one year in Shippens- burg, Pa., he returned to Gettys- burg to enter the Seminary in preparation for the Christian ministry. Upon his graduation from Seminary in 1924, he be- came pastor of the Chanceford Charge. On May 24, 1923, Rev. Hafer was united in marriage to Miss Mabel J. Snoke of Chambers- burg, Pa. De AVEES’ LUTHERAN CHURCH SYORK CO: PA. (Chanceford Charge) Rev. Guenn T. Harer, PAstor The long felt need of a house of worship in this community was never satisfied until the meeting in Sanney’s schoolhouse, No. 10, of Chanceford Twp., York Co., Pa. Rev. Peter Warner, pastor of the Dallastown Lutheran Charge as chairman, and Peter Wambaugh as secretary, presided at the meeting. After an open- ing service of song and prayer, the meeting was opened for dis- cussion which was directed by the following three questions: Shall we build a church? Shall it be a Lutheran church? Where shall it be built? A motion that a church be built carried. It was likewise moved that it be of the Lutheran denomination with the privilege to other denominations of holding services in the church on funeral occasions. This motion carried. By a third motion, it was decided that a committee of three men be appointed to select a site for the edifice. At this time it was decided that it should be a frame structure of dimensions, 30 by 40 ft. The 444 HistoRyY OF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD committee on site consisted of Daniel Warner, Israel Reichard, and John Snyder. At the next meeting the committee reported that two lo- cations had been offered them, and the one deemed preferable was on the land of Henry Noss. The men appointed as the building committee, authorized to begin work on the building at once, were Daniel Warner, John Heffner, Peter Wambach, John Snyder, Benjamin Tyson, Israel Reichard. These acquitted themselves like men in all their work, so that the work of building went on in all peace and harmony. The corner stone was laid, August 27, 1878, with appropriate services by Revs. A. W. Lilly, ST. JAMES LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK Co., Pa. L. A. Gotwald, and L. H. Sechrist, assisted by Revs. J. A. Conoway, P. Lane, and Pastor Peter Warner. The work was rapidly pushed to completion, and on January 5, 1879, the building was conse- crated by dedicatory services to the Triune God. This house of worship was now the home of the St. James’ congregation of the Dallastown Charge, Rev. Peter Warner, Pastor. Pastor Warner served this charge until March 31, 1882, when his resignation became effective. ‘Two weeks later he was called to his eternal home, and was buried at Manchester, Md. » October 1, 1882, Rev. Edwin Lenhart became pastor of the charge of which this church was a part until 1885 when the Dallas- town Charge was divided and this congregation was made a part of the newly formed Lebanon Charge. Pastor Lenhart continued to serve the Dallastown Charge. The Lebanon Charge was then supplied for several months by Rev. Peter Livingston, a Senior in the Gettysburg Theological Seminary. Upon his graduation from Seminary, Mr. Livingston accepted a call to become pastor YoRK County CONFERENCE 445 of this charge, and took up his duties July, 1886, and served until June 30, 1890, the date of his resignation. Rev. Daniel Stoner Kurtz was called to succeed Pastor Livingston, and on December 1, 1890, he assumed the responsi- bilities of the Lebanon Charge. September 18, 1892, a regularly called congregational meeting was held to decide about the en- largement of the church. Plans were laid to enlarge the room of the church by adding a wing, 30 by 40 ft., and a tower, 8 by 8 ft. A building committee composed of Daniel Warner, Henry Shaull, John Snyder, Samuel Shenberger, and John Fertner, Jr., was appointed to work under the direction of the council, and to receive subscriptions toward paying for the annex. Appropriate ground breaking services were held November 13, 1892, after Luther Day services. The corner stone was laid May 28, 1893, with the sermon by Rev. Peter Livingston, and the laying of the stone by Pastor Kurtz. The dimensions of the annex were changed by the committee to be 30 by 30 ft. For the sake of harmony, the change was later sanctioned by vote of the congregation. Before the work of building was completed, Rev. Kurtz ended his labors in the charge, and resigned December 31, 1893. One month later, Rev. Edmund Manges took up the work, succeeding Pastor Kurtz, February 1, 1894. The enlarged church was completed and rededicated, May 27, 1894. During the fall of 1898, the Lebanon Charge was divided by action of Synod, and subsequently by action of the York County Conference. When this action went into effect April 1, 1899, St. James’ congregation was combined with St. Luke’s congregation to become a newly formed charge. Rev. Manges, therefore, resigned as pastor of these two congregations, continuing as pastor of the Lebanon Charge. Eighty-two persons were received into membership, eighty-nine children were baptized, and twenty-three funeral services were held while Rev. Manges was pastor of St. James’ congregation. The newly formed charge, composed of St. James’ and St. Luke’s congregations, became the Chanceford Charge. The first pastor to be called was Rev. H. C. Salem, who took up the labors of his pastorate, December 9, 1899, serving until December 19, 1903. From that date, the charge was vacant until April 1, 1904, when Rev. C. W. Sechrist became pastor. Rev. Sechrist served until March 27, 1912, and was succeeded by Rev. C. H. Shull, December 1, 1912. Rev. Shull did a very constructive work while pastor, particularly in the Sunday School. Under his leadership, the enrollment of the Sunday School increased, and the organization was brought into conformity with the County Front Line standards. After a successful pastorate of seven years, Rev. Shull was called to become pastor of the Lebanon Charge, and resigned the work of the Chanceford Charge, August, 1, 1918. 446 History or West P Rev. William H. Peters, a gr ical Seminary at Gettysburg, wa beginning his pastorate, May 28, three and one-half years, Rev. ENNSYLVANIA SYNOD aduate of the Lutheran Theolog- s called to succeed Pastor Shull, 1920. After laboring for nearly Peters concluded his work by resignation, taking effect October 14, 1923. The present pastor, Rev. Gl the Chanceford Charge which be St. James’ Congregation may take great pride in the unusual distinction of having a family from which three sons have gone forth in response to the call to the gospel ministry. These are sons of Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Cur- ran, hey J.) Do Curran. aue- sionary to Liberia, Africa; Rev. A. C. Curran, pastor at Oster- burg, Pa.; sand George J. Curran, in preparation for the responsi- bilities of the ministry in the college at Gettysburg, Pa. These sons were reared by consecrated Christian parents in southern York Co., Pa. Their elementary education was received in the pub- lic schools of Chanceford Town- ship. REV) Ase UCR AN enn T. Hafer, accepted a call to came effective June 1, 1924. REVI, Ds CuRean The oldest of these, Joseph - Daniel, continued his training in the York Co. Academy and at the Millersville State Normal School. After teaching several years, he entered the college of Susquehanna University, and continued through the seminary of the same institution until his eraduation, May, 1911. He was appointed to the Muhlenburg Mission, Monrovia, Liberia, Af- rica, June 10, 1911, inwhich field he is serving at the present time. Andrew C. Curran prepared for college in the preparatory school of Susquehanna Univer- sity, and continued his training through the college and seminary YoRK CouNntTy CONFERENCE 447 departments, being graduated from the latter in 1912. Since that time, he has served pastor- ates at Glassport, Jennerstown, and his present field at Oster- burg, all of Pennsylvania. The youngest of this worthy trio, George J. Curran, entered Gettysburg Academy in 1919, and will be graduated from the college this coming year. He will enter Seminary to complete his preparation for his Master’s work. It would be a record worthy of note should every congrega- tion of our church give three sons to the ministry in one generation. Rev. Gro. J. Curran This has not been the fact but it should be a worthy ideal. In this family referrred to above, we have an example of how such an ideal might be realized. et LUKE'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK CO’, PA. (Chanceford Charge) Rev. GLENN T. Harer, Pastor St. Luke’s congregation originally of Stehle’s church, dates from A. D. 1772, when a meeting was held in the German settle- ment in Chanceford Township, York Co., Pa., to discuss church, school, and community affairs. Mr. Stehle, a freeholder, and older member of the community, offered the land for a church, school, and graveyard, for which the community agreed to pay seven shillings and six pence per acre. Michael Worm and Peter Schneider were appointed to arrange for the deed. On this land, the community began the building of a church on August 15, 1772. Stephen Stehle was appointed to arrange for the altar, pulpit, and chairs. These furnishings were later made by Casper Seiler. This church was a log structure one story in height. The congregation was organized August 22, 1773. It may be of interest to quote the following from the trans- lation of the German record: “Alpha and Omega. Church Book and Protocol of the United Evangelical Congregation in Chance- ford Township, organized in the Year 1773. In the year of our Lord, 1772, have we Lutheran and Reformed church members united with one another to build a joint church on the land of 4AS History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Jacob Stehle, which church shall remain a Lutheran and Reformed as long as the sun and moon shall stand. If one party has a preacher, the other party shall help to support. If they have two pastors, the one shall not interfere with the other’s time, or be a hindrance to him.” The first officers elected by the congregation were Jacob Gerringer and George Illes. Rev. Lucas Raus, the organizer and first pastor of the congregation, was born in Kromstadt, Hungary. His father was a pastor in his native town. After attending the ST. LuUKE’s LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK Co., PA. University of Jena, Rev. Raus sailed from Rotterdam in 1749. When he landed in Philadelphia on November 22, 1749, he became assistant to Rev. Muhlenburg at Germantown, Pa. In 1758 he was called from Goschenhoppen, Montgomery Co., to Yorktown (now York) Pa., from which place he was called to organize and serve Stehle’s church in connection with the congregations of Shuster’s, Bermudian, Kreutzcreek, and Chockley’s churches. Upon leaving this charge in 1787, he returned to Goschenhoppen. The officers during the first decade of the church’s history were: Jacob Geringer, George Illies, Nicholas Straher, Jacob Stehle, Peter Schneider, Jacob Grant, Michael Worm, and Michael Gohn. The first baptism recorded was that of Andrew Stehle, son of Andrew and Anna Mary Stehle, born April 2, 1773, bap- tized August 22, 1773. The first wedding was that of Jacob Kamer and Elizabeth Flamm. After Pastor Raus left, no definite record can be found of the pastors until after 1800. The following men are believed to have served during this time: Revs. Timotheus Kuhl; Bentz; A. Gernal; Heisley; August Rutz; and George Graber. Rev. Rutz was YorK County CONFERENCE 4AQ licensed as a catechist in 1792 for Shuster’s, Blymire’s, Frey’s, Sadler’s and Stehle’s churches. The name of the first mentioned Reformed pastor was Rev. Ernst who served at the same time as Rey. Bentz. From 1804 to 1807, Conrad Rehman and Rev. Edinger were the Lutheran and Reformed pastors respectively. Revs. John Herbst and J. A. Shaull were colleagues from 1813 to 1819 when Rev. Herbst recorded his last communion. From 1820 to 1830 the Lutheran congregation was served by Rev. Henry George Stecher who was succeeded by Rev. John Graber until possibly, 1832. Rev. Peter Harmon is next recorded as pastor from 1839 to 1852. Revs. Kaempfer, father and son, served from 1852 to 1861. About this time the church was rebuilt. A brick structure was built to replace the old log one. In 1862 the Rev. John Conoway accepted a call to four congregations of the old Windsor charge including Stehle’s. Rev. Conoway was of Irish and Roman Catholic parentage, but in early y outh united with the Lutheran church at York, and studied theology under his pastor Dr. Schmucker, and was licensed to preach in 1861 at Shippensburg, and was ordained at Mechanics- burg in 1862. Stehle’s church belonged to his first charge, and upon leaving here, he was called to the New Salem Charge. In 1871 the Dallastown Charge was formed out of the old Windsor Charge of which this congregation was a part, and the Rev. Peter Warner became pastor. Rev. Warner is remembered today by some of our older members as being a very faithful and devoted pastor. During his pastorate of eleven years, 97 persons were received into membership of the congregation. His labors ended in this charge March 31st, 1892, two weeks after which he was called to his eternal reward. His successor was the Rev. Edwin Lenhart who came to the Dallastown Charge, October 1, 1882. In 1885 the Dallastown Charge was divided, and the Lebanon Charge was formed to include Stehle’s church. Rev. Lenhart continued to serve the Dallastown Charge, and therefor resigned as pastor of Steble’s church, October 1, 1885. During his pastor- ate at Stehle’s, 20 members were received into the church and 20 children were baptized. The newly-formed Lebanon Charge was supplied for some months by Rev. Peter Livingston, a student of the Gettysburg Theological Seminary. After his eraduation from the Seminary, he was called to become pastor of ‘the charge, and ° began his labors as pastor in July, 1886. During his pastorate the Lutheran congregation purchased the interest in the property held by the Reformed people, so that it ceased to be a union church. In 1889, two acres were purchased adjoining the church, and ground was broken September 8, 1889, for a new church building. On September 138, the corner stone was laid, and the following April the new frame church was dedicated. The name of the congregation was at this time changed from Stehle’s to St. 450 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Luke’s. During Rev. Livingston’s pastorate, which closed June 30, 1890, 26 members were received into the congregation. Rev. Daniel Stoner Kurtz became Rev. Livingston’s suc- cessor, as pastor of the Lebanon Charge, December 1, 1890. Rev. Kurtz labored in this charge for three years and one month. During this time, German preaching was discontinued in the charge. One month after Rev. Kurtz’s resignation, Rev. E. Man- ges became pastor, February 1, 1894. During his pastorate, the debt of the congregation was liquidated and several improvements were made, the most important of which were the erection of a neat iron fence in front of the church, and the planting of shade trees secured by the pastor. The membership of the church was enlarged by the reception of 47 members and the baptism of 34 children. On September 29, 1898, the congregation celebrated the 125th anniversary of its founding. This service consisted of the reading of the 84th and 85th Psalms by Rev. Lenhart, the oldest living ex-pastor, followed by prayer by Rev. Peter Living- ston. Reminiscences were made by Pastors Lenhart and Liv- ingston. At the evening service, Rev. George W. Enders, D. D.., preached the anniversary sermon from Ecclesiastes 1:4. Pastor Manges also read a congregational history at this service. Rev. Manges resigned as pastor of St. Luke’s congregation April 1, 1899, in accordance with the action of the Synod to divide the Lebanon Charge, making a new charge to include the congrega- tions of St. James’ and St. Luke’s churches. This became known as the Chanceford Lutheran Charge. Rev. Manges continued to serve the Lebanon Charge. The first pastor called to the newly-formed charge of St. James’ and St. Luke’s congregations was Rev. H. C. Salem, who assumed the responsibilities, December 9, 1899, and continued to serve until December 19, 1903. He was succeeded by Rev. C. W. Sechrist, April 1, 1904. Pastor Sechrist was a very active man in spite of his advanced years. The spiritual life of the congre- gation was deeply revived through his efforts. His labors in this charge were concluded by his resignation, March 27, 1912. Rev. C. H. Shull accepted a call to succeed Rev. Sechrist, and began his pastoral labors December 1, 1912. Seven years of remarkable progress mark the pastorate of Rev. Shull. Under his leadership, the Sunday School was completely organized; new interest was aroused so that the enrollment increased very ap- preciably. The church property was likewise improved. A cem- etery organization was effected, the cemetery improved, and pro- vision made for its perpetual care. Pastor Shull resigned from this charge August 1, 1919, after accepting a call to the Lebanon Charge. During the vacancy following Rev. Shull’s pastorate, the lo- cation of the parsonage was changed to the village of Conrads, YoRK County CONFERENCE A51 near St. Luke’s church, where a house was purchased and com- fortably equipped with modern conveniences. Rev. W. H. Peters, Jr., succeeded Pastor Shull, taking active charge of the field May 28, 1920, upon his graduation from Sem- inary. After serving the charge for over three years, Rev. Peters concluded his pastorate, resigning October 14, 1923. As successor to Rev. Peters, the Rev. Glenn T. Hafer, a recent graduate from the Gettysburg Seminary, assumed the re- sponsibilities of the charge June 1, 1924, and is serving at the present time. About the same time that plans were being made for the building of the first church, one young man from this community felt the call to the gospel ministry. Among the first of the native born Amer- ican pastors was this young man, who became the Rev. Jacob Goering, whose home was almost within sight of the present church edifice. Jacob Goering, the son of Jacob and Margaret Goer- ing, was born in the year 1755, and was reared on the farm of his father. Early in his boyhood, he showed an eagerness for learning, and when eighteen vears of age, he became the teacher of an English school in his community. Later his father took him to Lancaster, Where he stud- ied for two years under the tutelage of the Rev. Dr. Helmuth. In 1776, he was ordained to become pastor of the congregations in and about Carlisle, which he served for several vears. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Kurtz, daughter of the Rev. N. Kurtz, pastor of the York church, and whose successor Rev. Goering later became. About 1783, Rev. Goering became assistant to Rev. Kurtz in York, and at Rev. Kurtz’s retirement in 1786, he became sole pastor of the York charge, which he served until he was called to become pastor of the congregation of Hagerstown in 1791. After three years there, he was induced to return to the York charge which he served until his death from tuberculosis in 1807. The Rev. JACOB GOERING 452 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD. Rev. Goering Was a man zealous in learning and profound in thought. His studies embraced much of the literature of the oriental languages, particularly, of Hebrew and Arabic. He was known as a fine scholar, an eloquent preacher, and a warm-hearted Christian. Rev. B. Crinron Ritz The second son of this old congregation to take up the ac- tive ministry was B. Clinton Ritz, son of Henry and Elizabeth Markel Ritz, who is at the present time pastor of St. James’ Lutheran Church of York, Pa., in connection with the history of which church will be found a brief biographical sketch. Rives Gs E-ENGH PasToR oF CHRIST LUTHERAN CHURCH, DALLASTOWN, Pa. Rev. Seibert Lee Hench, son of Wiliam Monroe and Matilda Emmaline Hench, was born Sep- tember 29th, 1885, near Kistler, Perry County, Pa. His father being a farmer, he naturally was raised as a tiller of the soil. His early education was confined to the public schools. At the age of seventeen he began teaching school at Stony Point, Pa. In 1905-19065 he attended the New Bloomfield Academy and in the fall of the same year he entered Gettysburg College and com- pleted the Freshman year. In the fall of 1907 he entered AI- bright College and graduated in 1910 receiving the degree of A. B. YoRK CouNTY CONFERENCE 453 In the fall of 1910 he entered Gettysburg Seminary and graduated from the same institution in 19138. As a boy he attended the United Evangelical church and Sunday School at Stony Point and was confirmed by Rev. A. S. Baumgardner. In 1910 he with his parents moved to Blain, Pa., and the family united with Zion Lutheran church, Rev. J. C. Reichard pastor. On October 10th, 1912, he was licensed by the Central Penna. Synod, which met in Mifflintown, and was ordained by the West Penna. Synod in College Lutheran church, Gettysburg, October 16th, 1913: His first pastorate was the West Manheim Charge, Hanover, Pa. While pastor of this Charge a new church was built at Sherman’s at a cost of $15,000. Having received a call from Christ Lutheran Congregation of Dallastown, Pa., he entered upon his second pastorate June 30th, 1915. The outstanding features of his present pastorate are: the building up of a strong congregation numbering 465 with a live Sunday School and other flourishing organizations; a debt of over $7,000 has been canceled and a building fund of $28,000 has been secured; the church has been frescoed, three additional lots pur- chased, brick garage erected; Common Service adopted with vested choir; and the congregation brought from one of the de- linquent charges in benevolence to one of the honor congregations of the Synod. On June 5th, 19138, he married Miss Edna Stupp Uhrich, of Myerstown, Pa. Four children, William Lee, Marian Tryphene, John Richard, and Rachel Elizabeth, have been born to bless this union. CHRIST LUTHERAN CHURCH, DALLASTOWN, PA. Rev. 8. L. Hencu, Pastor The first Lutheran and Reformed church of Dallastown was organized May 3, 1854, the cfficial name being “‘St. Paul’s Luth- eran and German Reformed Church.’ In the year 1850 the Ro- man Catholic and the United Brethren churches were organized in Dallastown. The Lutheran and the Reformed people who then worshiped at Bleimier’s, which is located just about a mile south of town, felt the need of a church in Dallastown, to care for the people of their faith. Thus about 16 or 18 people who were members of St. John’s Lutheran and Reformed, commonly known as “Bleimeir’s,’ withdrew from the mother church and effected an organization in Dallastown. Of the 16 or 18 members who formed the new organization, only four were Lutherans. 454 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD On May 3, 1854, the first meeting was held and an organiza- tion was effected. The work of building a new church was begun and completed the same year. This fraternal union of church fellowship existed until May 23, 1887, when it was considered for the best interest of the Master’s kingdom that these two con- eregations should erect their separate places of worship. After some controversy, the Reformed congregation purchased the First LUTHERAN CHuRcH BUILT IN DALLASTOWN, PA. Union church for $800. The following Lutheran pastors served the charge at that time consisting of Dallastown, Freysville, Lebanon, St. James’, Stahle’s, and Bleimeir’s: Rev. A. Kempler, Rev. John Conway, Rev. Peter Warner, Rev. Edward Lenhart, and Rev. C. W. Baker. In 1890 Saddler’s church was added, and in the next few years new charges were formed; so that in 1894 Dallastown and Bleimeir’s formed a charge, which continued for many years, until Bleimeir’s became a preaching station. On June 5th, 1887, the Lutheran congregation appointed a building committee with Rev. C. W. Baker chairman. On June llth, 1887, a plot of ground was purchased for $600 on Main St., and the building of the new church was begun at once. The oldest member of the congregation was given the opportunity of selecting a name for the new congregation. The name selected was Christ Lutheran. The congregation grew very rapidly, and in 1909 it was found necessary to erect a larger church. Work was begun on the first unit, the contemplated chapel and auditorium. In February 1911, the present Sunday School, which is modern in every respect and well adapted to present Sunday School work, was dedicated, at YorRK CouNnry CONFERENCE 455 a cost of $15,000. In 1913 a modern brick parsonage was erected on the adjoining lot. It is the hope of this loyal congregation to erect a beautiful and commodious church in the near future which will be a credit to Lutheranism in this part of the state. CHRIST LUTHERAN CHURCH, DALLASTOWN, PA. The congregation numbers 465 at present. The following pastors have served Christ Lutheran. Revs Oe We bakely i: pesiee ee re 1887—1888 Rev..M. V. Shatto............1889—1892 Leven Vise lena eee ee 1892—1894. Revel@B Christe. oe ee et S95 15904 Hey ae Lob aleres ee ee 1898—1902 Je eai oA yak CNN Rane uclae obs t(Be 1902—-1904 Rev. Samuel Greenhoe........ 1904—1912 eva eNeoCiindlcr sient 1913—1915 Reyes > ue Henchy es ae F915 456 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD REV. G. A. LIVINGSTON PASTOR OF THE DILLSBURG CHARGE Rev. G. A. Livingston was born August 3d, 1872, near New Oxford, Pa. His parents were Edward Livingston and Amanda (Diehl) Livingston. The 18th of December, 1886, he united with the Lutheran Church of New Oxford, by Confirmation. The pastor at that time was Rev. John Tomlinson. In the fall of 1891 he entered the preparatory Department of Gettysburg Col- lege for the purpose of preparing for the ministry; and in 1896 entered the Junior Class of Sus- quehanna University, at Selins Grove, graduating in 1898 from the Classical Department, and in 1901 from the Theological De- partment. In the spring of 1901 he was ordained by the Susquehanna Synod. That same year he accepted a call to the Lebanon Charge in the West Pennsylvania Synod. During this pastorate a par- sonage was bought. June 18th, 1902, he was married to Miss Anna Elizabeth Haas of Selins Grove, Pa. ‘To this union were born four children, J. Warner, Edward H., Arthur George and Donald B. Arthur George died in infancy. September 1, 1904, his resignation took effect at the Lebanon Charge, and he entered upon his work as pastor of Emmanuel Lutheran Church, of York. February 16th, 1907, he organized Grace Lutheran Church with 100 members, of which he became the pastor in connection with Emmanuel. During this pastorate Grace Lutheran Church building of York was erected. September 1, 1913, his resignation took effect at Grace and Emmanuel, and he began work at that time in Messiah Lutheran Church of Downingtown, Pa., in the East Pennsylvania Synod. He accepted a call to the Starview Charge April 1, 1915. During this pastorate the Lutheran Church at Mt. Wolf was built. April 16th, 1922, he resigned the Starview Charge to accept a call to Dillsburg Charge May 15, 1922. cl | YORK CouNTY CONFERENCE AD5 EMMANUEL LUTHERAN CHURCH, FRANKLINTOWN, PENNA. (Dillsburg Charge) Rev. Grorce A. LIVINGSTON, PAsToR June 12th, 1882, the first meeting was held to consider the erection of a Lutheran church in Franklintown, Pa. Mr. Jacob Lau was elected temporary chairman, and P. R. Lehmer tem- porary secretary. An effort was then made to raise the necessary funds. May 30th, 1883, another meeting was held at which time Rev. Henry Seifert was elected permanent chairman and P. R. Lehmer, secretary. The Building Committee was then elected, namely: John Klugh, P. R. Lehmer, William Straley. June 12th, 1884, Jacob Lau and Fredrich Murry were added to the Building Committee. At a meeting held July 18th, 1883, John Klugh donated ground on Water Street upon which to build the church. The corner- stone of the new church was laid July 19th, 1884; the following taking part in the service: Revs. Henry Seifert, Adam Stump, and A. EK. Ehart. May 16th, 1886, the church was dedicated. The following ministers had part in the service: Revs. Henry Seifert, D. Sell, E. D. Weigel and A. E. Ehart. Forty-six members were enrolled when the church was or- ganized. The first Council was elected March 24th, 1887, at which time the new pastor, Rev. W. L. Heisler, presided. The council elected were as follows: Trustees, William Straley, P. R. Lehmer and Fredrich Murry; Elders, John Klugh and Allen Kline; Deacons, D. B. Baker and W. H. Strickler. March 31st, 1887, the congregation adopted a constitution. June 18th, 1887, it was received into the Clear Spring Charge composed of Salem, Bermudian, St. John’s and Chestnut Grove. January 21st, 1888, there was a readjustment of the charge, Bermudian, Chestnut Grove and York Springs to be known as the York Spring Charge; and Salem, Emmanuel, St. John’s and St. Paul’s of Dillsburg to form a charge to be known as the Clear Springs Charge. October 17th, 1887, Emmanuel of Franklintown was received into the West Pennsylvania Synod. The Charter was granted in 1887. The first Sunday School was held December 27th, 1885, and now has a membership of 98. This congregation has always been connected with the Clear Springs Charge, now known as the Dills- burg Charge. The congregation now has a membership of 73; it also has a Ladies’ Aid Society and a Christian Endeavor Society, A458 History OF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD LUTHERAN PARSONAGE, DILLSBURG, PA. SALEM LUTHERAN CHURCH ST. PAUL S LUTHERAN CHURCH St. JOHN’Ss LUTHERAN CHURCH EMMANUEL LUTHERAN CHURCH YORK COUNTY CONFERENCE 459 In 1923 the congregation secured modern pews to take the place of the. old board pews, and all the wood work of the inside of the church has been revarnished. The present council consists of the following men: John Chronister, James Lau, Harrison Byers, Jacob Peterman, George Arnold and Lewis Lau. The following pastors have served the Church: Rev. Henry Seifert, 1883-1887; Rev. W. L. Heisler, 1887-1891; Rev. W.S. T. Metzgar, 1891-1899; Rev. A. R. Longanecker, 1899-1902; Rev. H. EK. Zimmerman, 1903-1905; Rev. J. T. Fox, 1905-1907; Rev. Ira W. Trostel, 1907-1913; Rev. George H. Eveler, 1913-1922; Rev. G. A. Livingston, 1922—. SALEM LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK COUNTY, PA. (Dillsburg Charge) Rev. G. A. Livineston, Pastor Salem, or Barrens, Lutheran Church as it is commonly known is one of the old landmarks of Washington Township, situated in the upper end of the Township in York County. The first building was a log church which was dedicated to the service of God on the first day of January, 1812. This build- ing stood for fiftv-three years. The Lutheran pastor at this time was Rev. John Adam Rudisill and the Reformed pastor was Rev. Charles Helfenstine; and the Building Committee were: David Shearer, Reformed, and George Gentzler, Lutheran; and the Luth- eran Council were: Elder, Nicolas Bentz and Deacons: Jacob Bentz and George Lau. There seems to be no record as to when the congregation was organized. The first grave in the cemetery was that of Barbara Shetron, who died on the 11th day of August, 1811. Near this building was a stone school house in which was kept a parocial school supported by the Church until the day of free schools. April Ist, 1863, plans and_ specifications were adopted for a new church to take the place of the old log church. The new church was built of brick, 38x50 feet, with a gallery on three sides of the church. The corner stone was laid May 16th, 1864; the ministers who took part in this service were the Lutheran pastor, Rev. A. Finfrock and Rev. Frey of Carlisle; and the Re- formed pastor, Rev. D. Reigle and Rev. W. C. Bennet of Boiling Springs; addresses were delivered by Rev. Frey and Rev. Bennet. The church was dedicated to the service of God on the 21st of May, 1866. Tbe ministers who took part in this service were the Lutheran pastor, Rev. Peter Warner, M. J. Alleman of Han- 460 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD over, and 8S. Dasher, and Rev. J. Ault of the Reformed Church of Mechanicsburg. The total cost of the church is given as $4710. 105 This church is standing today. A joint charter was granted to the Lutheran and Reformed Church, January 2nd, 1855. In the latter part of the year of 1928, there was placed in the York Trust Company over five thousand dollars, of which the interest shall be used for the care of the cemetery; the sum was given by friends and members of Salem (Barrens) Church. The Lutheran congregation now report 191 members with a Sun- day School of 280 and a Christian Endeavor Society. The Church Council consists of the following: Trustees, Lutheran, J. G. Deardorff, Lewis Bentz, and C. E. Cook; Reformed, John E. Byers, Searight Nell, Harry Kinter; Lutheran, Deacons, L. M. Kinter, H. F. Myers, W. M. Grove; Lutheran Elders, William Bentz and Lewis R. Bentz. The following is a list of the pastors who served the Church: Rev. John Andrew Rudisill; David Kesler; Jacob Albert; A. G. Deininger; Daniel Gotwalt: John Weibel; William German, 1841- 1844; Samuel Henry, 1844-1853; Joseph Focht, 1855-1859; Aaron Finfrock, 1859-1864; Peter Warner, 1864-1868; J. R. Bricker, 1869-1871; Daniel Sell, 1872-1873; Kutz, Supply for a short time; E. Studebaker, 1874- 1876; Henry Seifert, 1876-1886; from this date the charge has been as at present constituted and pastors are the same as listed in the sketch of Emmanuel Lutheran Church. ST. JOHN’S (FRANKLIN) LUTHERAN CHURCH, YOR KEC © WINGY As (Dillsburg Charge) Rev. G. A. Livineston, Pastor St. John’s Lutheran Church of Diilsburg Charge is known as the Franklin Church. The date of the organization of this con- gregation is unknown; in fact very little of her early history is known. On the 9th day of December, 1794, a warrant was eranted to George Heigas for a survey for 15 acres of land fora German Lutheran and Presbyterian Church. The survey was made February 27th, 1795, for 10 acres 1538 perches of land. The following Act of Assembly, 1822, is recorded: ‘In trust and for the sole use and benefit of the German Lutheran and Presby- terian Congregations who now worship in the house thereon erected and their successors.”’ ‘Trustees shall be four.’’? This YorK County CONFERENCE AO] gave them a patent dated March 28th, 1822. The trustees at this time were John Shultz, David Myers, Valentine Heigas and Michael Bender. As early as 1766 Valentine Kinter was buried in the cemetery, which is reported to be the first grave at this place. The first church was a log. weather-boarded building. The York County History says it was established before the Revolution. Near this old church stood a school house that was supported by the congregation for about fifty years. In 1847 the old church was abandoned and a new brick church built which cost at that time $3,000. The building committee were Peter Wolford, George Dick and Jacob Stickel. This build- ing was 45x55 feet, two stories. The first story was used for prayer meetings; the Sunday School was held in this room. The second story was the auditorium containing a gallery on three sides. March 16th, 1901, the following committee was appointed to remodel this church: Rev. A. R. Longanecker, who was the Lutheran pastor at this time, chairman, George Dick, James Lau (Lutherans), D. F. Stitzel and C. 8. Hinkle, (Reformed). The roof and floor were lowered three feet, making the building a one story church, containing an auditorium and an infant room. To this building was added a tower 12x12 feet, with a bell. The church was completed in December of the same year. In 1919 there was placed in the church a Lally Electric plant at a cost of about $600.00. In 1873 St. John’s or Franklin as it is known. was connected with the Dillsburg Charge, composed of St. John’s, Bermudian, Salem and Dillsburg. There is no doubt this charge was com- posed of about the same churches for some years before. Yet we have no record to show this. In 1874 St. Paul’s withdrew from the charge. June 17th, 1877, Chestnut Grove became part of the charge. In 1883, the name was changed to the Clear Spring Charge. In 1888 a readjustment of the charges took place, St. John’s (Franklin), Salem (Barrens), St. Paul’s of Dillsburg and Emmanual of Franklintown forming a charge to be known as the York Springs Charge. The congregation now has a membership of 133 and a Sunday School of 162, an active Christian Endeavor Society as well as a Ladies’ Aid Society. The members of the Church Council are: Trustees, George Dick, John Blackford and DavidSlothour: Elders, Otto Spahr and James Coulson; Deacons, John Blackford and Charles R. Angel. The following is a list, as complete as seems possible, of the ministers that have served this congregation: Revs. A. G. Deininger 462 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD —— Gotwald; —— Weil; Peter Sheurer; John Ulrich; Samuel Henry, 1850-1853; Joseph Focht, 1855-1859; Aaron Finfrock, 1859-1864; Peter Warner, 1864-1868; J. R. Bricker, 1869-1871; Daniel Sell, 1872-1873; E. Studebaker, 1874-1876; Henry Seifert, 1876-1886; from this date the Charge has been as at present con- stituted, and the pastors are the same as listed in the sketch of Emmanuel Lutheran Church. ST. PAUL’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, DILLSBURG; PA? (Dillsburg Charge) Rev. G. A. Livingston, PASTOR March 5th, 1855, Rev. Joseph R. Focht became the pastor of the Dillsburg Charge. At this time there was no Lutheran ehureh in the town of Dillsburg. August 25th, 1855, a meeting was held in the school house, and after some consideration they decided to build a church. Mr. George Lau agreed to build the ehurch for $1250. During the erection of the building the ser- vices were held in the school house. May, 1856, the corner stone of the new church was laid. Rey. D. H. Focht of New Bloomfield preached in German and Rev. John A. Evans of Newville preached the English sermon. No- vember 16th, 1856, the church was dedicated to the Triune God and given the name of St. Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dillsburg. Rev. Focht conducted the services and Rev. Ben- jamin Kurtz, D. D., LL. D., of Baltimore, preached the dedica- tory sermon. April 4th, 1857, the congregation was organized by the Rev. J. R. Focht in the new church, and adopted a constitution for their government, which was signed by the following: John Gable, Wilham Reitzel, John Yost, Samuel Wagner, Peter Shriver, An- drew Spark, Abraham Rhodes and David Hall. This congrega- tion had been organized after the church was built. Twenty members partook of the first communion. Miss Sophia Dough- erty is the only living charter member; although she is 93, she enjoys the Holy Communion, yet unable to attend the service in the church. The entire cost of the building when completed was $1693.22. On the 5th day of March, 1859, Rev. Focht resigned as pastor. In 1865 St. Paul’s became an independent church. The church was served by Rev. J. R. Goff from 1865-1866. During his pas- YorRK County CONFERENCE 463 torate the Sunday School was organized. November Ist, 1866, Rev. J. R. Goff resigned. The same month Rev. J. T. Williams was elected pastor. He remained until the following July, 1867. Beginning with the Ist of April, 1868, Rev. A. Babb supplied the pulpit for eleven months. March 21st, 1869, Rev. J. K. Bricker preached his first sermon. It seems that about this time St. Paul’s again became a part of the Dillsburg Charge, making four Churches in the Charge, Salem, St. John’s, Bermudian and St. Paul’s, making the charge the same as 1t was before the separation. January 15th, 1871, Rev. J. K. Bricker resigned as pastor of the Dillsburg Charge, January Ist, 1872, Rev. Daniel Sell be- came the pastor. May 10th, 1874, St. Paul’s of Dillsburg withdrew from the charge. December, 1875, St. Paul’s united with the Rossville Charge. On the 8th of July, 1883, St. Paul’s severed its connec- tion with the Rossville Charge and became a part of the York Springs Charge, of which Rev. Adam Stump was the pastor. Rev. Adam Stump delivered his farewell address October 25th, 1885. In 1888 a readjustment of the charge took place, St. John’s (Franklin), Salem (Barrens), St. Paul’s and Emmanuel forming a charge to be known as the Clear Springs Charge. This charge is now known as the Dillsburg Charge. In 1892 the church was enlarged and remodeled at a cost of $1995; these improvements were made under the pastorate of Rev. W. 8. T. Metzger. In 1909, under the pastorate of Rev. I. W. Trostel, the con- gregation purchased a property on the corner of Baltimore and Hanover Streets as a church site for the new church at a cost of $1720, and in 1912 a home was bought for a parsonage at a cost of $2200. In 1913 a fire broke out in the town at which time eight buildings were destroyed, among which were the church and par- sonage. The new pastor, Rev. George H. Eveler, had just ar- rived and moved into the parsonage and lost almost all in the parsonage. However, the loyal people set to work to rebuild. They erected a new church, 107x50 feet, built of red brick and stone trimming, containing a large auditorium and Sunday School! room, equipped with steam heat and electric hight. The building in those cheaper times cost $19,000. They also built a modern brick parsonage with all conveniences costing $3,000. The church was dedicated September 13th, 1914; services were conducted by the pastor, Rev. G. H. Eveler; H. H. Weber, D. D., of York had charge of the finances. The building committee were William Seibert, J. K. Evans, W. P. Deardorff, Allen Kline, Samuel E. Wagener, H. L. Miller, J. 8. Kapp. The present church council are: Trustees, W. P. Deardorff, G. E. Seibert and J. W. Grove; Elders, G. C. Fishel and J. K. Rupp; Deacons, J. A. Goudy, and J. S. Kapp. The congregation 464 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD now has a membership of 289 and a Sunday School of 336. The congregation has a Ladies’ Aid Society, Woman’s Missionary Society, Young Woman’s Missionary Society and Light Brigade and Christian Endeavor. The following is a list of the pastors: Revs. Joseph R. Focht, 1855-1859; Aaron Finfrock, 1859-1864; J. R. Groff, 1865-1866; J. T. Williams, 1866-1867; A. Babb, 1868- 1869; J. K. Bricker, 1869-1871; D. Sell, 1872-1874; E. Studebaker, 1875-1876; J. F. Dietterick, 1876-1877;. E. Minter, 1877-1881; Adam Stump, 1881-1885; from this date the Charge has been as at present constituted, and the pastors are the same as listed in the sketch of Emmaunel Lutheran Church. YorRK CouNnrTy CONFERENCE 465 RE Vesa oe VUeeVLeY Bika PASTOR OF THE GLEN Rock CHARGE Rev. L. F. M. Myers is a son of Francis Marion Myers and his wife, Margaret Louisa, nee Minor, and was born on a farm in the southern part of Frederick County, Maryland, on the 18th day of February, 1866. His pre- liminary education was secured in the local public schools. His first real adventure was that of a farmer. About the time he be- came ‘‘of age” he rented a small farm which occupied his atten- tion for only two years, when it Was given up in response to what he conceived to be the call of the Holy Spirit to prepare for the nobler work of the ministry. In preparation for this calling one year was spent in a local Normal School at Buckeystown, Mary- land, under the direction of Prof. Fleet R. Neighhours, a former superintendent of the county schools, two years in Gettysburg College, entering with the class of ’95, and three years in the Theological Seminary, graduating in 1896. He was licensed to preach by the Maryland Synod in 1895, in Baltimore, Maryland, and ordained at the next meeting of the Synod in Cumberland, Maryland. He became the pastor of St. James’ Mission Church, Fred- erick, Maryland, on June 1, 1896, where he remained over three years. On the advice of the boards of Home Missions and Church Extension this mission was abandoned and the property sold. He then served successively as pastor of St. Matthew’s Church, Chester Springs, Chester County, Pa.; St. Andrew’s, Philadelphia, Pa.; Church of Our Saviour, Coatesville, Pa.; St. John’s, Ambler, Pa.; and Trinity Church, Darby, Pa. His present pastorate, 1s that of the Glen Rock Charge, York County, Pa., dating from June 1, 1918. He was married on June 30, 1908, to Miss Blanche Marie Bohn, of Philadelphia, Pa. Of this union four children were born, namely: Lyndon Beaver, Francis Bohn, Marian Marie and Mar- gvaret Elizabeth. 466 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD ST. PAUL’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, HAMETOWN, PA. (Glen Rock Charge) Rev. L. F. M. Myzrs, Pastor ST. PAuL’s LUTHERAN CHURCH, HAMETOWN, PA. St. Paul’s church dates its beginning in July, 1874, when a meeting was held in the Hametown school house ‘“‘and the follow- ing officers were elected: Jacob Strievig and John Stark, Elders; Adam Hain, Adam Lentz, Jacob Hoke and John Stermer, Deacons.”’ It happened on this wise: Christ church at Shrewsbury was facing the necessity of a new church building, and the members in the vicinity of Hametown, having several miles to travel to church, decided that the money they might contribute towards the new building at Shrewsbury could be used to a better ad- vantage by building a little church of their own and forming a new congregation. The building process must have been pushed very rapidly for on January 11th, 1875, the ‘‘Church Council met in St. Paul’s Lutheran church and elected Jacob Strievig, Treas- urer, and A. M. Anstine, Secretary.” The earliest record of church members 1s May 15, 1875. On this date 41 members were received by letter and 20 by confirmation, and the Lord’s Supper was celebrated. YoRK CouNTY CONFERENCE 467 The church was built of red bricks, which were made on an adjoining farm by Mr. Isaac Diehl, the father of Rev. W. K. Diehl. It seats comfortably about 250 people. The Building Committee consisted of Frederick B. Anstine, John Stermer, Reuben Frey, Levi Seitz, Isaac Diehl and Jacob 8. Seitz. All of these are still very familiar family names in the congregation. The ground on which the church stands was purchased of Reuben Frey and wife for a nominal price, the deed for which was dated December 27th, 1875, and is of record April 4th, 1876, at a cost of $240.00 : The congregation was admitted into the West Pennsylvania Svnod on September 19, 1874, and a minute of February 5, 1875, shows that ‘“‘By-Laws were drawn up for the benefit of the congre- gation,” “pursuant to the action of the Synod and the congrega- tion.” The synodical committee having charge of St. Paul’s application consisted of John A. Heberling, J. C. Koller and B. F. Alleman. Rev. J. C. Koller, who was pastor at Glen Rock, was elected the first pastor of St. Paul’s and served the congregation as part of the Glen Rock Charge for two years. He was succeeded by Rev. J. B. Wolf, fresh from Gettysburg Seminary, in July, 1877, whose pastorate continued a little more than forty years, and he was succeeded by the present incumbent, Rev. L. F. M. Myers, in 1918. According to the best information, this church had no Sunday School for a number of years. There is a record of August 9, 1890, that the Church Council met a committee of the Hametown “Union Sunday School,” which at that time was meeting in the school house, and arrangements were made to change the place of meeting to the church. This plan prevailed for many years until there remained but one family other than Lutheran, namely that of Mr. Benjamin Seitz, who suggested to Pastor Wolf that there was ‘‘no use continuing a Union school for one family. Let it be Lutheran,’’—and so it became. In 1913 the church was thoroughly renovated, including a new gasoline lighting system and a fence in front of the church, which has since been removed. Messrs. B. A. Stermer, J. M. Saubel and A. T. Diehl supervised the work and raised the funds to pay the bills. At the time of its organization St. Paul’s was fortunate in having a number of large families. But as the young folks married and set out for themselves many of them moved away from the neighborhood causing a falling off in the attendance and member- ship of the church. But new families are now coming into the vicinity and St. Paul’s is being rejuvinated by a new and younger element. The church now enrolls 155 communicants and the Sunday School 137 members. A very encouraging young people’s organization holds interesting weekly meetings and the women of 468 History or Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD the church have formed themselves into a very promising Mission- ary Society. The synodical apportionment is met in full. A class in Religious Education is conducted regularly every summer by the pastor. The transformation of the old Baltimore Pike into an eighteen feet wide concrete highway is a big factor in bringing new life to the church. The congregation has given four of her sons to the Gospel Ministry, namely: Rev. John Nicholas, deceased, who gave his active service aS a missionary in India; Rev. Andrew 8. Hain, deceased; Rev. Wm. K. Diehl, Clear Springs, Md.; and Rev. H. C. Brillhart, Leetonia, Ohio. ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH, GLEN ROCK, PA. (Glen Rock Charge) Reva le FOMoMyErs, PAstor ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH, GLEN Rock, PA. The Glen Rock Charge consists of two churches namely: Zion, in the village of Glen Rock, thirteen miles south of York, and Saint Paul’s, at Hametown on the Susquehanna Trail, three miles farther south. Neither of these congregations can claim the reverence due to old age but both enjoy the distinction of a fair degree of achievement. | Zion is the older of the two and dates its origin in the year of 1860. Reverend A. Berg, who was pastor of the Shrewsbury YorRK CouNTY CONFERENCE 469 charge including the Glen Rock territory, had supervision of the movement which resulted in the organization of this congregation. “The first meeting of the brethren interested was in Sheffer’s room, No. 7 of the Railroad building on August 29, 1860.” A lot 70x80 feet, which was later changed to 100x941% feet, was offeren to the new organization by Mr. Wm. Heathcote on conditiod that a church be built within one year. This condition could not be met however. But the lot was secured later at a very small price and is now the site of a most substantial and beautiful house of worship. “Only about one dozen male members were associated with this new movement yet an effort was made to secure funds for a church building.” John 8. Foust, Wm. Boeckel, Dr. Levi Frey, Emanuel Sheffer and Philip Sheffer were appointed a committee for that purpose. About $1200 was secured. At a subsequent meeting in the same room in the Railroad building it was ‘‘Re- solved that the church should be built, beginning in the spring Ole lobil.* The first election of officers occured on October 24, 1860; and Messrs. E. K. Bollinger, J. G. Bortner, Philip Sheffer, Charles Gladfelter and John Foust (or Lentz) constituted the first church council. At the same meeting a committee of five men was ap- pointed, evidently to secure a building lot for the church. The building committee however consisted of Philip Sheffer, O. R. Wentz and John Foust. The following January a committee was instructed to secure a ‘draft of the church,’ which was presented to the congregation on April 11, 1862, and “agreed upon.’ The original building, consisting of a basement and auditorium, was erected during the summer. A marble slab from the front gable of the building, engraved with the date 1862, attests this fact. The cost of the church was approximately $4000.00 besides liberal donations in gratuitous labor. “Quite an achievement for such a handful of people.” Reverends A. Berg and Dr. Lochman, of York, Pa., conducted the services at the cornerstone laying; and at the dedication, the exact date of which is unknown, though it must have been the latter part of 1862 or early in 1863, Reverends A. Berg, Dr. Kurtz, of Baltimore, Md., and Dr. A. W. Lilly, of York, officiated. In the building of the church a considerable debt was in- curred. This incumbrance was removed by some of the interested men buying several acres of ground, selling it off as building lots, and turning the profits over to the church to pay the debt. One lot was retained however, on which a parsonage was erected. This was a good example for some of our modern business men. (The foregoing facts were gathered from surviving Charter Mem- bers by Rev. J. B. Wolf, D. D., in 1897.) The first enrollment of members occured on June 13, 1868, A70 HIsToRY oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD when forty-five members, mostly from Fissel’s and other churches, transferred to the new organization. Mrs. Maria Wambaugh is the only surviving charter member. After the completion of the church the congregation decided to become a separate parish, and elected Rev. Jacob Kaempfer as the first pastor. Rev. Kaempfer took charge October 1, 1863, and served the young charge until October 1, 1867. He was succeeded by the Rev. J. C. Koller. Application for a charter was made to the court on April 26, 1864, and granted on August 26, of the same year. A Sunday School was organized in December of this same year, the pastor acting as superintendent. The classes were first arranged as “spelling” and “testament’’ classes, fitness for promotion being determined by examination. Afterwards there were added ‘male and female Bible classes.’ The records evidence a healthy growth in the Sunday School from the beginning. It has always been, and still is a great help and credit to the church. . The preaching from the beginning seems to have been in both German and English. In 1868 new hymn books were se- cured, an equal number in each of these languages. A spirit of brotherly love seems to have characterized this young church for in 1869 the Reformed brethren, desiring to start work in Glen Rock, were “granted the use of the church for worship” at a price sufficient to cover the extra expenses. From this beginning has grown a prosperous sister church. The life of Zion church is closely associated with Saint Paul’s (Hametown) which came into being in 1874 and made overtures to Zion church to be united with it as a charge. This arrangement was consummated and has worked harmonious- ly as the Glen Rock Charge up to the present time. Rev. Mr. Koller relinquished the pastorate on February 7, 1877, to accept a call to Saint Matthew’s church at Hanover, Pa. After several months of anxie- ty an election for a pastor was held and Rev. J. B. Wolf, a recent graduate of Gettysburg Seminary, was selected by a practically unanimous vote of the members present. Thus be- gan a pastorate on July 20, 1877, which claimed the entire minis- terial life of Rev. Wolf and term- inated on account of failing REY. J. 46 Wor, Dio): health on January 1, 1918, a pastorate of 40 years, 5 months and 11 days. YorRK Country CONFERENCE ATI The original parsonage, after serving its purpose for some years, was sold to a private party and a new house was built on a lot adjoining the church for the pastor’s residence. This has been recently remodeled and is now a first class modern parson- age, built of brick, representing an actual investment of not less than $6000. About 1895 pastor Wolf’s health became very much impaired and a report from his physician was brought to the congregation by Mr. Joseph Dise that ‘‘The pastor’s sickness was due to the unhealthy location of the parsonage.’? This resulted in the erection of a fine new house, beautifully located on the side of a sunny hill, which later was purchased by Dr. Wolf and became his private residence. On February 19, 1905, at a congregational meeting, “Joseph Dise, architect, presented plans for a new church, which were adopted.” A building committee, consisting of 8. K. Diehl, Joseph Dise, Paul Beck, Wm. Foust, George W. Geiple, W. W. Seitz and Henry Bollinger, was appointed and authorized to pro- ceed with the erection of the building. The corner-stone of the new church was laid on July 7, 1905, and Rev. A. R. Steck, D. D., pastor of Union Lutheran Church, York, Pa., preached the sermon. The first service was held in the church on December 23, 1905; but the dedicatory service did not occur until May 12, 1907. Rev. A. Stewart Hartman, D. D., General Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, preached at the morning service and “conducted the financial effort.’ Rev. Dr. Steck of York, Pa., spoke in the afternoon and again in the evening. The pastors of the other churches in Glen Rock and neighboring Lutheran pastors closed their churches and joined in the dedicatory service. The architecture of the new church is Roman throughout. It is built of Port Deposit granite and is 126x62 feet in size. It consists of an auditorium, finished and furnished in a rich mahog- any color and seating 400 people, a Sunday School room seating 300, which may be opened into the auditorium by folding doors, and a primary room for 100. It is ighted throughout with elec- tricity and is graced by a sweet-toned Esty Pipe Organ, costing over $2000. Dr. Hartman says: ‘It is one of the most beautiful, well-appointed and churchly houses of worship it has been our privilege to see.’ Exclusive of the architects’ fees, which were donated, much of the hauling and large donations of gratuitous labor, the cost of the building and furnishings was over $30,000, all of which was provided for on the day of dedication. This building was the climax of pastor Wolf’s commendable work in this charge; and he gives great credit to the architect, Mr. Joseph Dise, a member of the church, whose beautiful vision found ex- pression in material form in this most worshipful house of God. Dr. Wolf retired from the pastorate January 1, 1918, and was succeeded by the present pastor on June 1, 1918. A bronze 472 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD tablet bearing the inscription: ‘‘A tribute of love to Rev. Joseph Bittinger Wolf, D. D., pastor of this church, July 20, 1877, to January 1, 1918,’ was dedicated on the 26th of June, 1921, Dr. Wolf himself taking part in the service and his entire family being present. On February 21, 1923, it was decided to purchase the property adjoining the church, a lot about 80x125 feet, containing a double brick house and a barn, for a consideration of $8000, the title for which was taken on April 2, 1923. Zion church now has an en- rollment of 4834 communicant members, a Sunday School enroll- ment of 457, a Luther League numbering 35, a Woman’s Mission- ary Society of 80, a Light Brigade and regular weekly classes in Religious Education. The last synodical report shows $6892 passed through the treasury, of which $3396 was for benevolence. The pastorates were: Rev. A. Berg, August 29, 1860,—October 1, 1863; Rev. Joseph Kaempfer, October 1, 1863—October 1, 1867; Rev. J. C. Koller, November, 1867—February 7, 1877; Rev. J. B. Wolf, D. D., July 20, 1877—January 1, 1918; Rev. L. TeV ie Viverowltinerieg Ol Ss REV: HENRY ReSPANG GER: PASTOR OF THE GOLDSBORO-MT. Zion CHARGE The subject of this sketch was born in North Codorus town- ship, York County, Pa., October 25th, 1881. His parents were John A. and Anna Spangler. They both had much to do in influencing his lite along the line on which it has gone. His father is a mem- ber of the Reformed Church in the United States and his mother belongs to the United Lutheran Church. He was confirmed by Rev. F. 8. Geesey, November 6th, 1897, at St. Peter’s Union Church, which is a part of the Muhlenburg Charge, York Coun- ty Conference. The catechetical course, In preparation for con- firmation, made a profound impression. Shortly after confirma- tion, he was given the responsibility of teaching a S. S. class, in which he became intensely interested and as a consequence, de- YORK COUNTY CONFERENCE 473 voted much time to Bible study and religious questions. This period was formative to a large extent in shaping the future character of his work. He began his public school career in the fall of the year 1887, and continued attending the rural schools until the year 1900. The York County Academy was entered in the fall of 1900, with the desire to take up the teaching profession at this time. After spending three years at the York County Academy he entered Gettysburg Cotlege the fall of 1908, from which he graduated in the spring of 1907, among the second honor students. He entered the Gettysburg Theological Seminary the fall of 1907. It was during his third year at College that he fully made up his mind to enter the Christian ministry. In the spring of 1910, he grad- uated from the Seminary, and in 1909 was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod to perform Miunisterial functions. After having received Licensure he supplied in various churches during 1909 and 1910. During the Summer of 1910 he served the Mt. Carmel—New Baltimore Charge, until his departure for India in the fall of 1910. Just before leaving the homeland he was ordained by the West Pennsylvania Synod. He sailed for India on October 20th, 1910, and on reaching that country was immediately assigned the task of getting the Telugu vernacular. This was his chief task for the next two years. He was also assigned other lighter tasks, such as a limited amount of teaching in the Watt’s Memorial College, Guntur. During the second year of his linguistic studies he was gradually given a larger amount of the work that was ultimately to become his task. He helped in relief work in the former German Herranns- burg Mission, after the internment and repatriation of the mis- sionaries. During this first term of service he was in charge of the Guntur Taluk Field for the greater part of the time. He was also in charge of the Bapatla Field for a short time. During the last three months of his stay in India while serving his first term of service, he was teaching in the Bible Training School in Guntur. He left India January 8th, 1919, to take his first furlough in the homeland, arriving at his parents’ home March 18th, 1919 and finding them broken-hearted because of the death of a younger brother, John, whose body had been laid away just five days before. With this there began a series of events that finally necessitated a severance from the work in India. During his furlough in the years 1919 and ’20, he was in the service -of the Board doing deputation work. During the interval of this fur- lough he was married to Miss Amy K. Swartz, of Spring Grove, Pa., on June 8th, 1919. On January 26th, 1921, they left for India again and arrived there on the 27th of February. The second term of service was a very short one lasting for about three years. He was compelled to abandon the work in India because o A7T4 History of West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD the death of his only sister, Mrs. Katie Newcomer, who left her husband and six small children. The burden of rearing these children fell to a large extent upon the shoulders of his parents. This was too much for them and hence the return to the homeland. They arrived here on April 8th, 1924. During this second term of service in India, they served for a period of about nine months in South India, in the Guntur section of the Mission Field. In December they moved to North India to assist especially in the educational work of the former German Gossner Mission, and during this time resided in Ranchi, the Headquarters of the Mis- sion and now of the autonomous Lutheran Church. Rev. Mr. Spangler became pastor of the Goldsboro-Mt. Zion Charge on September 1, 1925. MT. ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK CoO., PA. (Goldsboro-Mt. Zion Charge) Rev. Henry R. SPANGLER, PASTOR The earliest recorded event bears the date of April 23, 1870. Rev. Sol- omon Dasher was Pastor. An election was held and the following church coun- cil was elected: Deacons, John Seitz, John Hale, John Zin, Levi Hartman; Elders, Samuel Hale, Jacob Kun- kel. January 1, 1872, Pas- tor Dasher closed his min- istry in the Mt. Zion Church. Rev. Samuel Her- ing began his labors Feb- ruary 4, 1872. During his ministry the church was rededicated. He served till April 26, 1874. March 15, 1874, at a congregational meeting it was decided to unite with the Rossville Charge. Sam- uel Hale and Elijah Hoover were selected as a commit- Mr. Zion LUTHERAN CHURCH, ON ts tee to confer with the Ross- YORK COUNTY CONFERENCE AT75 ville Council relative thereto. Rev. J. B. Winton was pastor from April 5, 1874, to May 2, 1875; Rev. A. N. Warner, from August 1, 1875, to June 23, 1878; Rev. Honeycut, from December 8, 1878, to March 28, 1880; Rev. Tressler, from April 25, 1880—. (The record does not give the time of the expiration of his pastorate). Rev. A. B. Erhard, became Pastor December 8, 1883. (No date of expiration.) Rev. Detrich, from April 3, 1887, to June 9, 1890: Rev. C. P. Wiles from March 28, 1896, to 1901. After Rev. C. P. Wiles left the field in 1901 the following pastors served in the Rossville Charge of which Mount Zion was a part until 1920: Rev. G..H. Eveler, Rev. H. T. Bowersox, D. D., and Rev. C..M. Coffelt. We have no record from 1901; but as this charge con- tinued to be a part of the Rossville Charge, it can be granted that the pastors of that charge served Mt. Zion. By action of the West Pennsylvania Synod, 1920, permission was given to sever relations with Rossville, when it united with the Zion congregation of Goldsboro to form the Goldsboro and Mt. Zion Charge. Rev. C. H. Shull became the first pastor of the Goldsboro and Mt. Zion Charge and served from Novem- ber 1, 1921, to July 1, 1922. Rev. C. F. Floto. began his pastor- ate December 1, 1922, and continued to serve until January 31, 1925, when he assumed the pastorate of Mt. Holly Springs Lutheran Church. The present pastor, Rev. Henry R. Spangler, entered upon his duties September 1, 1925. At the present time this congregation has a confirmed mem- bership numbering 60. It maintains a flourishing Sunday School with an enrollment of 150 and an average attendance of about 85. A76 History or Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH, GOLDSBORO, PA. (Goldsboro-Mt. Zion Charge) Rev. Henry R. SPANGLER, PASTOR In the year 1896, Rev. H. H. Weber, D. D., of the Church Extension Board, in connection with Rev. C. W. Baker, who was then Secretary of the York Coun- ty Missionary Committee, visited Goldsboro and bought for the Church Ex- tension Board two lots in the newly laid out addition known as north Goldsboro. These lots were bought from Aaron Ziegler. The price was $150.00 On the 26th day of September, 1897, under the direction of “Revs GW: Baker congregation was organized numbering 26 members. A constitution was adopted and the following church officers were elected: El- ders, Lewis Gross and Hen- ry Ottermeyer; Deacons, 8. ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH D. Nagle and J. E. Shearer. GOLDSBORO, PA. Rev. J. HE” Heindelgcmine graduating class of Gettys- burg Seminary, who was then serving the newly organized Church at York Haven, became the first pastor of the Goldsboro congrega- tion. Steps were taken to build a church edifice. The under- taking prospered. York County, Pennsylvania, _ May 25, 1894. His father, Hen- ry E., and mother, Annie Hoff- man Hershey, at present reside in Dover, Pa. About one mile south of his birthplace stands the old Salem (Strayer’s) church Where on October 10, 1908, he was received into church mem- bership by Rev. A. G. Fastnacht, D. D., then pastor of the Dover Charge. His early life was spent on the farm and attending the township public schools. In the spring of 1911 he entered the York County : Academy from which he graduated in June, 1913. In September of the same year he entered Gettysburg College, from which in- stitution he graduated in 1917 with an A. B. degree. In the fall of 1917 he entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, from which he was graduated in May, 1920, with the degree of B. D. On May 14, 1920, he was married to Miss Erma E. Kohr, daughter of Daniel E. and Leah Y. Kohr, of North York, Pa. They have one child, Eleanor Louise. On October 15, 1919, Mr. Hershey was licensed to preach 478 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD in St. Matthew’s Lutheran Church, Hanover, Pa., and was or- dained to the gospel ministry October 13, 1920, in the First Luth- eran Church, Chambersburg, Pa. On June 1, 1920, he became pastor of the Lehmaster Lutheran Charge, Franklin County, Pa., which he served for two and a half years. On January 1, 1923, he became pastor of the Hallam Charge, York County, Pa. CANADOCHLY LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK CoO., PA. (Hallam Charge) Rev. C. H. HersHury, Pastor CANADOCHLY LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK Co., PA. The Hallam Charge, formerly known as the Kreutz Creek Charge, consists of the St. James’ congregation, Hallam, and Canadochly, located three and a half miles south of Hallam in Lower Windsor Township on the improved road leading from East Prospect to York, Pa. The beginning of religious work by people of Lutheran per- suasion in the community in which the Canadochly Lutheran Church is located can be traced back to the year 1733, when John Casper Stoever crossed the territory now included in York County, holding religious services and baptizing and also laying plans for the organization of Christ Church, York, in connection with which the work at Canadochly and in the Kreutz Creek Val- ley was for many years carried. on. Although no definite record of the earliest activities seems to exist, there is in the pos- session of the congregation a record book containing the names and lengths of their periods of service of the pastors who labored from 1733 on down. From 1733 to 1744 the names of pastors associated with the YORK CouNTY CONFERENCE 479 history of the work here are as follows: John Casper Stoever, David Candler, Henry Melchoir Muhlenburg, J. F. Handschuh and Peter Brunholtz. From 1744 to 1765 the following York pastors ministered also at Canadochly: John Helfrich Schaum, George Ludwig Hocbheimer, John George Bager, Lucas Raus and Nicholas Hornell. From early days this was a union church, Lutherans and Reformed worshipping together. It was during the time when Nicholas Hornell was preaching to the Lutherans at Canadochly, in the year 1768, that the first church, a log building, was erected. Logs and stone were brought from the nearby woods and pews were made by some of the people. A wood-worker carved a pulpit out of the trunk of a large tree and placed it over a winding stair. Over the pulpit there was a sounding board. ‘The floor consisted merely of earth. The church was finished in 1764 and dedicated in June of that year. Rev. Hornell represented the Lutherans and Rev. Jacob Lischey, the Reformed at this service. This building stood for thirty-six years. The site of this building is today marked by a little mound in the old graveyard east of the church. On June thirtieth, 1765, Rev. Nicholas Hornell preached his farewell sermon and retired from the ministry. In 1767 Rev. John George Bager became pastor at York and also at Canadoch- ly, where he had before preached, though perhaps not as pastor. He served until 1769. In April, 1770, Rev. John Nicholas Kurtz became pastor and remained until 1789. The next pastor was Jacob Goering, a native of Chanceford township. He died in 1807. The second church, a brick structure, was completed in 1801. The building committee consisted of Michael Kauffelt and An- thony Keller, Lutherans, and Conrad Leber and Jacob Dritt, Reformed. Matthew Becker was elected treasurer. In 1809, Rev. John G. Schmucker came to York and also assumed charge at Canadochly. In 1813, he gave up part of his charge which consisted of six churches. Canadochly was then in the charge of Rev. Jacob Herbst who later became regular pastor. In 1814 Rev. Charles Morris became pastor and served until 1818, when because of enfeebled health he resigned and be- came proprietor of the Morris Drug Company, at York. Rev. Jacob Herbst, previously mentioned, then became regular pastor and served one year until 1819. In 1819 Rev. John G. Kraber became pastor at Canadochly, remaining until 1833. An old record states that on December 20, 1825, the heirs of William Penn granted to the congregations worshipping at Cana- dochly a tract of land of about 20 acres, the same tract as was originally surveyed in 1752, for the use of the congregations of this church. The congregations obtained a charter in 1838 when Joseph Ritner was governor of Pennsylvania. 480 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Rey. Jonathan Oswald became pastor in 18385, and with him came the gradual introduction of English in connection with the German. He preached his farewell sermon to this congregation JunerZ0RLS 75: In 1840 the Sunday School connected with the union church was organized in a school house about three-fourths of a mile west of the church. Henry Slaymaker was the first superinten- dent. In 1857 it was removed to the church. John Hellerman then became superintendent. The third and present church building, constructed of brick, was erected in 1867. P. W. Keller was the contractor. It is a two-story building having been remodeled during the pastorate of Rey. J. D. Krout. It has a fine auditorium and a Sunday School room. Electric lights were installed throughout the building early in 1924. Standing as it does at a point from which both sides of the Susquehanna may be viewed, it serves as a landmark in the community. The congregation has also in its possession a farm of approximately 20 acres occupied by the sexton. In 1907 the Lutheran congregation purchased the part of the prop- erty owned by the Reformed who built a new church building about one-eighth of a mile west of the original church. After Rev. Oswald, in the long line of pastors, came Rev. L. K. Secrist who served until 1889. Rev. Hermon F. Kroh served from 1889 to 1891. From 1892 to 1897, Rev. Reuben 8. Stair was pastor. He was succeeded by Rev. E. E. Hoshour, who remained until 1900. Rev. D. B. Lau became pastor De- cember 1, 1900, and remained for three years and nine months. Rev. J. H. Mever took charge in November, 1904, and served one and a half years. Rev. Joseph D. Krout took charge October 1, 1906, and continued for three years. He was followed April 1, 1910, by Rev. A. B. Miller, who left April 29, 1912.. Rev.-D. 38. Martin came June 4, 1912, and left November 7, 1917.. Rev..C. F. Floto began work January 15, 1918, and left December 1, 1922. Rev. C. H. Hershey, the present pastor, began his work January iby Me Pasy. The Rev. E. C. Ruby, pastor of St. Peter’s Lutheran Church, North York, and also Treasurer of the West Pennsylvania Synod of the Lutheran Church, is a son of this congregation. The confirmed membership of the congregation at present is 120. The church council consists of the following officers: Elders, George Poff, Sr., Benjamin Kauffman; Deacons, George Cooper, Elmer Keller, Harry Keller and Ephraim Dietz; Trustees, David Dellinger, Harrison Fauth and H. A. Ruby. The Superintendent of the Sunday School, with an enrollment of 121, is Harry Boll. Luther Ruby is president ef the Luther League with an enroll- ment of 25. YorRK CouNntTY CONFERENCE 481 ST. JAMES’ LUTHERAN CHURCH, HALLAM, PA. (Hallam Charge) Rev. ©. H. Hersuny, Pastor ST. JAMES LUTHERAN CHURCH, HALLAM, Pa. The history of the Lutheran church in the Kreutz Creek Valley, although veiled under some uncertainty, can be dated back to 1746, when application was made to the heirs of William Penn for a tract of land situated in Hellam Township, then Lan- caster County, Pennsylvania, for church purposes. In that year also a permit was issued by the proprietary of Pennsylvania au- thorizing Martin Shultz, Jacob Weltzhoffer, Henry Smith and George Amend to have fifty acres surveyed for said purposes. For this land they were to pay 15 pounds 10 shillings. The permit is signed by George Thomas and by William Parson, Surveyor General. The purchase was made and a deed secured. At various times, portions of this land have been sold, leaving at present in the church tract about 10 acres. Though land was secured, the church was not organized until the year 1763 under the pastoral direction of Rev. Lucas Raus. At this time George Amend and Mathias Demuth were elected deacons. Prior to this time, however, different Lutheran ministers ministered to Lutheran settlers in the vicinity, namely, Revs. Candler, Muhlenberg, Handschuh and probably others. It is not possible to obtain a continuous list of pastors from the beginning to the present time but a partial list is here named. Prior to 1777, Revs. Raus, Hornell and Bager. In 1777 Nicholas Kurtz became pastor. In 1786, Jacob Goering took charge. In 1809, J. G. Schmucker; 1815, C. A. Morris; 1817, George Kraber; followed by Dr. J. Oswald, date not known. Then came George P. Weaver. After his resignation, Rev. A. W. Lilly supplied the 482 History OF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD congregation until May 19, 1872, when Rev. L. K. Secrist became pastor. Rev. Hermon IF. Kroh came in 1889 and ended his labors in 1891. } The first church building stood in the southwest corner of the old graveyard, built of logs, about 1745, having slab seats and no stone. The original worshippers came to the house of God armed against the Indians. The second church, built of stone, in 1797, stood on nearly the same spot as the present building, which was erected in 1860. This is a brick building, used for many years by the Lutherans and Reformed jointly but now in the hands of the Presbyterians. During the pastorate of Rev. R. S. Stair, at a congregational meeting held at the parsonage in March, 1894, it was decided to erect a house of worship in Hallam, and the following were named as a committee to have matters in charge. Chairman, Rev. R. 8S. Stair, Secretary, L. R. Crumling, and Treasurer, John W. Gable. Additional members of the committee were Henry 8. Fries, Frank E. Lehman, Phillip C. Metzel, George E. Loucks, Winfield 8. Hauser and John Druck. At a meeting of the build- ing committee held March 12, 1894, a plan for a building sub- mitted by J. A. Dempwolf of York, was selected and building operations began at once, resulting in a beautiful church building located on Main street in the boro of Hallam, ‘arranged according to Lutheran custom with an auditorium seating about three hun- dred people and a primary Sunday School room attached. It is equipped with electric ights and a hot air heating plant. Sunday September 23, 1894, the building was dedicated, the dedicatory sermon having been preached by Dr. J. W. Richard, of the Get- tysburg Seminary. Dr. G. W. Enders, Sr., Rev. Peter Livingston and Dr. A. G. Fastnacht of York, together with pastor Stair, also took part in the service. The dedication was followed with a week of services in which different pastors from York partici- pated. The congregation from then on has been known as St. James’ Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hallam, Pa. Following pastor Stair, who resigned in 1897, came Rev. E. EK. Hoshour, who served until 1900. Rev. D. B. Lau came De- cember 1, 1900, and remained three years and nine months, Rev. J. H. Meyer took charge in November, 1904, and served one and a half years. Rev. J. D. Krout came October 1, 1906, and con- tinued for three years. Rev. A. B. Miller came April 1, 1910, and left April 29, 1912. Rev. D. S. Martin came June 4, 1912, and left November 7, 1917. Rev. C. F. Floto began work January 15, 1918, and left December 1, 1922. Rev. C. H. Hershey, the present pastor, assumed pastoral charge January 1, 1923. In addition to the church building, the congregation num- bering 145 confirmed members owns also a parsonage having all modern conveniences and a sexton’s house with modern equip- ment. The church council at present consists of the following YorK CouNtTY CONFERENCE A483 officers: Elders, John Grosh, Ambrose Kauffman; Deacons, G. W. Strickler, Paul Hamm, D. M. Gilbert and C. E. Young; Trustees, William Wolf and P. A. Gross. The Superintendent of the Sunday School, having an enroll- ment of 165, is Aquilla Fauth. The President of the Women’s Missionary Society, having 23 members, is Mrs. A. F. Gable. The President of the Ladies’ Aid Society, with 30 members is Miss Emma Hiestand. The President of the Luther League, with 48 members, is Paul Hamm. Miss Cora Reider is Superintendent of the Junior Luther League, with 28 members. REV Eee ELE EPA PASTOR OF THE JEFFERSON CHARGE W. H. Ehrhart was born Oc- Tower Oael oO lainey orks owne ship, York Co., Pa. His parents’ names were William and Eliza (Stump) Ehrhart. He was reared on the farm and attended public school and a normal school at York, the York County Academy and Miuillers- ville State Normal. Taught pub- lic school for six years and then prepared for College at the York County Academy. Entered Get- tysburg College in 1889 and eraduated in Spring of 18938 in the Classical Course. In the Fall of 1893 he entered the Theologic- al Seminary at Gettysburg and eraduated in 1896. He received his A. M. degree from Gettysburg College in the spring of the same year. He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod at its meeting in Zion’s Lutheran Church, York, Pa., in 1895, and or- dained by the same Synod the following year in St. James’ Luth- eran Church, Gettysburg, Pa. His first charge was that of Silver Run, Md., which he began to serve soon after his graduation from the Seminary in the spring of 1896, remaining until 1903, when he accepted a call to the Jefferson Charge of the West Pennsylvania Synod where he is still serving. 484. History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD BETHLEHEM LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK CoO., PA. (Jefferson Charge) Rev. W. H. Exnruart, Pastor An old deed informs us that Philip Stiltz, often called Steltz, sold to the Sub- scribers of the Church named Bethlehem on the 14th day of February, 1795, two acres of land located in Baltimore Co., Md., on the Mason and Dixon line close to the point where Shrewsbury and Codorus Townships join. For these two acres the subscribers were to pay five shillings Sterling Money. The tract itself was known as Stiltz’s Deer Park. On June 30, 1803, the Penns issued a Patent Deed to John Ruhland and Daniel Peterman, representatives of the church organization, for two acres and 120 perches, adjoining the land bought from Philip Stiltz on the Pennsylvania side BETHLEHEM LUTHERAN CHURCH of Mason and Dixon line. YORK COMEPA: But prior to these two grants of land, in February, 1794, Christopher Ring, Philip Stiltz, Christopher Ziegler, Jacob Barg, Andrew Kay, George Ruhl, John Sour, Wiliam Rogers, Philip Stiltz, Jr., Henry Henig and Peter Henig signed an article of agreement for the founding of a Union Congregation where the doctrines of the Lutheran and German Refermed Churches should be preached and taught. About 1801 a church building was erected on the tract of land purchased from Philip Steltz within a few feet of the boundary line in the State of Maryland. In 1862 a brick church was erected on land purchased from John Fisher in Codorus Township, about one hundred yards north of the site of the first church. The church was served as near as we know by the following YorRK CouNnTY CONFERENCE AS5 ministers: Revs. Sieger, Reineck, Andrew Berg, William H. Ket- terman to 1903 and William H. Ehrhart from 1903 to the present time. The church was incorporated December 5, 1863. JACOBS. “SLONH | CHURGHMYORK: CO. PAs (Jefferson Charge) Rev. W. H. Enrynart, Pastor ST JACOB oho) STONE a CHURCH aa) ORK COs, PAz According to an old deed, Jacob’s Union Church is built on land granted by the State during Governorship of Thomas Mc- Kean. ‘This is the way the deed reads: ‘Know ye, that in con- sideration of the sum of Thirty-one Dollars and three cents lawful money now paid by George Werner, Andrew Miller, Francis Bachman, and Jacob Ruhlman, Elders of the Presbyterian and Lutheran Congregations of the County of York,—into the Re- ceiver General’s Office of this Commonwealth, there is granted, by the said Commonwealth unto the said George Werner, Andrew AS6 History oF West PENNSYLVAINA SYNOD Miller, Francis Bachman and Jacob Ruhlman in trust for the use herein after mentioned—a certain tract of land called Teachers’ Resort—situated in Codorus Township, York Co.,—containing Forty-five Acres.” The granting of this land took place in the year 1767. The first church was dedicated on the 4th of July, 1761. The organization of a church was at least five years earlier in 1756. The Record shows baptisms from this early period on up to the present. It is supposed the services were held in a school house until the dedication of the first church in 1761. The first building was a log building and was soon found to be too small owing to rapid increase in membership. In the year 1789 the log church was torn down and replaced by a stone structure of larger di- mensions, from which also it received its name, Stone Church. In 1855, it again became necessary on account of the rapid growth in membership and the increased demand for better fa- cilities, to take the last named structure down and build one of larger dimensions. Steps were promptly taken and the Stone Church was replaced by a brick building. The Corner Stone was laid in the Spring of the above named date, Rev. Peter Scheurer being Pastor. The above named structure was seriously damaged by lght- ning and fast becoming dangerous. A meeting was called and on the advice of J. A. Dempwolf, architect of York, Pa, it was unan- imously decided to build. The vete was taken at a second meet- ing. May 27, 1889. Steps were immediately taken to rebuild, a building committee was appointed, the Lutheran members being Michael Saubel and J. A. Klinefelter, and the work was pushed with all possible speed. The corner stone of the new edifice was laid on August 4, 1889, the late Rev. J. C. Koller, D. D., assisting the Pastor, Rev. W. H. Ketterman. The new building is a modest, vet substantial and commodious structure built of brick and Hummelstown brown stone of modern Gothic style and archi- tecture costing about $18,000 and could not be replaced for three times that amount. The church has a seating capacity of one thousand. The church was remodeled and rededicated May 16, 1920. The West Pennsylvania Synod convened here October 12, 1897, Rev. W.8. Freas, D. D., preaching the opening sermon. The following are some of the ministers who served the con- eregation: Rev. Frederick V. Melsbeimer, 1790 to 1814; John F. Melsheimer, 1814 to 1826; Jacob Kempfer, Johnathan Ruthrauff, 1829 to 18387; Jacob Albert, 1837 to 1848; Peter Scheurer, 1848 to 1872; W. H. Ketterman, 1872 to 1903; and W. H. Ehrhart, 1903 to the present time. The charge is known for its long pastorates, the last three totaling exactly 75 years. YorK County CONFERENCE 487 TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, JEFFERSON, PA. (Jefferson Charge) Rev. W. H. Exsruart, PAsTor Rey. Emmanuel Keller preached the first sermon within the village of Jeffer- son on December 26, 1825. Not long afterward a Luth- eran Congregation, Was or- ganized. For about five years the services were held in the school house. In 1830 a church was built which received the name of Emmanuel’s Union Church in which the Lutherans and Reformed worshiped. The church had a gallery on three sides and the dimen- sions were 40 by 50 feet. This building was used un- til 1883 when the two de- nominations built separate churches. The Lutherans DU Gemeltinigy. = Church, a brick building near the square. The Lutherans have been worshipping in this church up to the pres- ent time. The following were some TrINity LUTHERAN CHURCH of the ministers who served JEFFERSON, Pa. Emmanuel’s Union Church: Rey. Emmanuel Keller and Rev. Deininger. Trinity was served by Rev. Peter Scheurer to 1872, Rev. William H. Ketterman from 1872 to 1903, and W. H. Ehrhart from 1903 to the present time. The church has a membership of 200. A488 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD ZION GU THE RANSOH URCH SY ORKECOSME AS (Jefferson Charge) Rev. W. H. ExRHART, PASTOR ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH YORK GOn ts On April 24, 1859, a Sun- day School was organized in an old log school house. This stood on ground that is now used for burial pur- poses. The organization was effected two years be- fore the building of the little church on the site of the present church building. The planting of a Sunday School in this community took the form of a mission- ary enterprise. For, two years later, in the fall of 1861, the Lutherans and Reformed jointly erected a church building not large, but spacious enough for the needs of the time. The Church was named Zion’s Lutheran and Reformed and each had about fifteen members to begin with. The congregation increased in membership very rapid- lv and as the church soon overcrowded, it was decided to build a new and larger church. This was done in 1882 and was built on the same site on which the first church stood. This gave them a more commodious building and the church prospered and grew to a membership of over 200. She has at the present time two of her sons In the ministry, Rev. Paul Glatfelter and Rev. Harry D. Newcomer. There is a flourishing Sunday Schoo! and a very promising Women’s Missionary Society. The church had only three ministers in the 63 years of her existence: Rev. Peter Scheurer from 1861 to 1872; Rev. William H. Ketterman from 1872 to 1908; and Rev. William H. Ehrhart from 1903 to the present. The church was incorporated in November 8, 1870. YorkK County CONFERENCE AS9 REV. WILLIS R. BRENNEMAN PAasTOR OF THE LEBANON CHARGE Willis R. Brenneman, son of Abner and Elsie Brenneman, was born at Seven Valleys, Pa., July 31st, 1897. He attended Zieg- ler’s Lutheran Church, where he’ was confirmed in 1912 by Rev. A. J. Grossman. After attend- ing the public schools he pre- pared for College at the York County Academy. He entered Gettysburg College in 19138, grad- uating in 1917. Upon gradua- tion from Gettysburg Seminary in 1920 he became pastor of Grace Lutheran Church of Clar- ion, Pa. He was compelled to resign on account of ill health at the end of nine months. After the lapse of a year he accepted the call of the Lebanon Charge, which became effective in May, 1922. He married Miss Lela Gladfelter, member of St. Mat- thew’s Lutheran Church of York, Pa. He was ordained at the convention of the Pittsburgh Synod at Greenville, June 13th, 1920. LEBANON LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK CoO., PA. (Lebanon Charge) Rev. Wituis R. BRENNEMAN, PASTOR Lebanon, at first called Flinchbach’s, and sometimes known as Stabley’s was organized in 1812, as a union church. The con- eregations of Stahley’s, Blymire’s, Frey’s, and Flinchbach’s called John Herbst, Jr., to become their pastor. The original tract of land, at first consisting of little more than an acre, was deeded by Frederic Flinchbach and John Stebler for the sum of $30. The first church erected upon this ground was a frame structure. Its architecture was typical of the times, with a gallery on three sides and the elevated pulpit on the fourth. Rev. Herbst resigned in 1819. The second pastor was Rev. Henry G. Stecker. Ata meeting of the Synod in Baltimore in 1819 Mr. Stecker was given permission 490 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD to preach to the York County congregations. He accordingly entered the work and in 1821 was ordained. During the greater part of his ministry he lived at Martinsburg (Loganville), from CHURCHES OF HHE LEBANON CHARGE, YORK (GO; St: PAur’s, Mt." PLEASANT SD. (PAUL S; PELTON ST. JOHN’S, “SADLER’S’” CHURCH LEBANON CHURCH YorRK County CONFERENCE AQ] which point he served eight congregations. Rev. Stecker re- mained pastor until 1830, when he moved to Hummelstown, Pa. During the next three years, neighboring and visiting pastors supplied. It was the period of readjustment among the congre- gations of York County. Among those who served or supplied during this period was Henry Ginal, whose name appears on an old baptismal certificate. In 1833 Rev. John Kaempfer, a native of North Carolina, and the first student at the Gettysburg Seminary, came to Shrews- bury and organized that Charge, consisting of Fissel’s, Steltze’s, Sadler’s, Shrewsbury, Shuster’s and Stabley’s. The pastor lived at Shrewsbury, where a parsonage was procured for him at a cost of $1200. Rev. Kaempfer resigned in 1848. While a few congregations experienced difficulty in finding pastors, Lebanon had the good fortune of being a part of the Shrewsbury Charge where few pastoral changes occurred. The longest and perhaps the most fruitful ministry must be credited to Rev. Andrew Berg, who stands out as a strong figure in the life of Lebanon. During his ministry of 28 years two dates are significant. The first of these is 1847 when a School was organized. The second date is 1859 when a new church was built by the two congregations. Rev. Berg’s ministry dates from 1848 to 1871. In 1871 Lebanon severed relations with the Shrewsbury Charge and united with several of the old Windsor Charge con- eregations to form the Dallastown Charge. Of this field Rev. Peter Warner was the first pastor, accepting March 19, 1871. He labored faithfully among the six congregations until his death, April 17, 1882. Rev. Warner was succeeded by Rev. E. Lenhart, who served from November 14, 1882, until 1885, when the Charge was di- vided. The new Charge consisting of Lebanon, St. James’, and St. Luke’s, was formed, called the Lebanon Charge. Rev. Peter Livingston became the first pastor of this Charge, March 1, 1886. During his ministry the St. Paul’s congregation was organized at Felton and added to the Charge. Rev. Living- ston served until June 30, 1890. During the ministry of Rev. D. 8. Kurtz, who accepted “December 1, 1890, the church building underwent considerable repairing. The interests of the Reformed congregation in the building were purchased for the sum of $2500. The date 1892 is significant because at that time Lebanon ceased to be a Union church. Rev. Kurtz resigned December 24, 1893. Rev. E. Manges served from February 1, 1894, to November 1, 1899. During his ministry the Charge was divided, Stahley’s and St. James’ forming the new Chanceford Charge. Rev. Man- ges continued to serve Lebanon and Felton as the Lebanon Charge. Following Rev. Manges, Rev. 8S. J. Ulrich served the two congregations for a period of nine months. 492 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD After Sadler’s and Mt. Pleasant were added to the Charge the first pastor to serve was Rev. G. A. Livingston, whose minis- try dates from October 15, 1901, to September 1, 1904. The dates for the succeeding pastors are as follows: Rey. Luther E. Henry, April 1, 1905, to June 15, 1914; Rev. H. C. Aroh, October 1, 1914, to July 1, 1917; Rev. D. 8S. Weimer, No- vember 1, 1917, to April 1, 1919; Rev) C2 Shull Phebe August 1, 1919, to November 1, 1921; Rev. Willis R. Brenneman, May 15, 1922. Improvements and repairs recently were made at a cost approximating $2500. The church was papered and painted, a new roof was put on, and new pews installed. . The present membership of the congregation is 88. The members of the Church Council are Henry Flinchbaugh, Calvin Shenberger, Allen Grove and Danie! Tyson. SL. JOHN'S: -SADLERS% CHURCH, YORK {COM sia (Lebanon Charge) Rev. Wituis R. BRENNEMAN, PASTOR The Church was given the name ‘‘Sadler’s’ in honor of the donor of the ground. No records are available to indicate the date of organization. However, in an old German Record Book baptisms are mentioned as early as 1792. In all probability the Church was established between 1780 and 1790, or even earlier, during the period when a number of the old York County congre- gations were organized. Frey’s established in 1771, and Stahley’s in 1772 are two congregations with which Sadler’s for a long time was associated. The fact that these two congregations were or- ganized by the same man gives some weight to the opinion that Lucas Rauss also organized Sadler’s. It is not only possible, but very probable that while he served the neighboring congregation of Schuster’s from 1770 to 1787 he encouraged the organization of this congregation. The first date in the Minutes of the ‘“Ministertum”’ referring to Sadler’s, is 1792, when Mr. August Ritz was appointed ‘‘cat- echist’’? of Schuster’s, Blymire’s, Frey’s, and Sadler’s under the supervision of the minister at Hanover. The following year he was succeeded by Mr. George Graber, who did not stay any later than 1796. The next few years are rather obscure. However, in 1803 Rey. John Herbst, Sr., accepted the call to ‘‘Fissel’s and the con- gregations associated with it.”’ In 1805 he reports as ‘‘candidate”’ from Zion, Fissel’s, Schuster’s, and Sadler’s. On June 12th of that year he was ordained. In all probability he was the first regularly YoRK CouNnTY CONFERENCE 493 ordained minister to serve the congregation. After 1810 we find no further record of his work at Sadler’s. In 1813 John Herbst, Jr., reported to Synod as ‘‘candidate”’ from York County. Mr. Herbst soon was advanced to the standing of ‘‘deacon” and in 1816 was ordained. In 1813 By- Laws were drawn up by the two congregations, written and signed in German by the two pastors and church councils. These By- Laws later were incorporated in the Charter, which was granted by the Court in 1872. The communion records of Rev. Herbst appear as late as 1819. The next pastor was Rev. Henry G. Stecker, who at a meeting of the Synod in Baltimore was given permission to preach to the York County congregations. Rev. Stecker accepted. During his ministry. he lived at Martinsburg (Loganville). He resigned about 1830. ' During the next nine years no regular pastor served. It is likely: that Rev. Kaempfer of Shrewsbury rendered ministerial service. In 1839 Rev. Peter Herman became pastor, reporting to Synod for three congregations. The following year the Wind- sor Charge was formed, of which Sadler’s became a member. This Charge Rev. Herman served until his death in 1852. Rev. C. J. Deininger followed Rev. Herman, but he did not remain more than a year. Rev. Andrew Berg, who for 30 years was pastor of the Shrews- bury Charge, preached at Sadler’s from 1855 to 1858. It is very probable that during his long ministry he served Sadler’s when- ever they were without a regular pastor. Rey. J. Kaempfer is another name associated with Sadler’s. Just when he preached at Sadler’s is not certain. It is known that some one preached after Berg. Who could it have been but this Kaempfer, who just about this time was serving the Windsor Charge? In 1862 Rev. John Conoway became pastor, serving Sadler’s as a part of the Windsor Charge. In 1871 when the Dallastown Charge was formed, Rev. Conoway served what became known for a number of years as the ““Conoway Charge,” consisting of Zieg- ler’s, Neffstown (York New Salem), and Sadler’s. This Charge remained intact as late as 1887. Following the retirement of Rev. Conoway, Rev. C. W. Baker of Dallastown supplied the congre- gation every four weeks. Sometime during 1888, or perhaps during the previous year, Sadler’s was added to the Dallastown Charge. Rev. M. V. Shatto became pastor of this Charge January 1, 1889, and remained until January 1, 1892. On March 1, 1892, Rev. A. M. Heilman, graduating from the Gettysburg Seminary, accepted the call and served until De- cember 1, 1894. In December, 1894, the Dallastown Charge was divided, 494 History or Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Sadler’s, Mt. Pleasant, Frey’s, and Red Lion forming the new Red Lion Charge. The first pastor to serve this Charge was Rev. H. E, Berkey whose ministry dates from June 1, 1895, to January 1, 1901. Rev. Berkey was followed by Rev. U. E. Apple April 1, 1901, who served the congregation until October 15, 1901, when Sadler’s and Mt. Pleasant withdrew from the Red Lion Charge to unite with the Lebanon Charge. The first pastor of Sadler’s as a member of the Lebanon Charge was Rev. G. A. Livingston, whose ministry dates from November 15, 1901, to September 1, 1904. The dates for the succeeding pastors are as follows: Rev. Luther E. Henry, April 1, 1905, to June 15, 1914; Rev. H. C. Aroh, October 1, 1914, to July 1, 1917; Rev. D. S. Weimer, No- vember 1, 1917, to April 1, 1919; Rev. C. H. Shull, Ph. D., August 1, 1919, to November 1, 1921; Rev. Willis R. Brenneman, May 15, 1922—. Rev. Louis H. Rehmeyer is a son of this congregation. He was born of Lewis C. and Amelia Matilda Rehmeyer, October 20th, 1891, in Baltimore, Md. In 1894 his parents moved upon a farm located in North Hope- well Township, York County. Here they became faithful mem- bers of Sadler’s Congregation, where their son later was con- firmed. . After attending the public schools he entered Gettysburg Academy in the fall of 1910. In 1916 he graduated from Gettys- burg College, and three years later, in 1919, from Gettysburg Seminary. So far as is known, Rev. Rehmeyer is the first young man going forth from the con- Rey. Louis H. REHMEYER eregation to receive a college education. After graduating from Seminary he became pastor of the Shippenville Lutheran Charge, May 23rd, 1919, which field he served most acceptably. On November 18th, 1923, he resigned to accept a call from Immanuel Lutheran Church of Manchester, Md. The first church building was constructed of logs and stood at the north corner of the old cemetery. In 1811 this log church gave way to a splendid brick edifice of the typical style of the times—a nearly square building with YorK County CONFERENCE 495 a gallery on three sides, and on the fourth side a “‘swallow’s-nest”’ pulpit, approached by a stairway. This church was erected upon the same site which the present building occupies. In 1896 during the pastorates of Rev. H. E. Berkey and Rey. H. J. Hillegas (Reformed), the church was torn down and the present structure erected. On November 1 of the same year the church was dedicated free of debt, the cost approximating $3000. The congregation has a membership at present of 155. The members of the. Council are Robert Brillhart, Harvey Eppley, Cleveland Orwig and James Diehl. ST. PAUL’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, FELTON, PA. (Lebanon Charge) Rev. Wituis R. BRENNEMAN, PASTOR St. Paul’s Congregation of Felton was organized in 1888 by Rev. Peter Livingston, who was then serving the Lebanon Charge, consisting of Lebanon, St. James’, and Stahley’s (St. Lukes). The pastor lived at Felton, where no church had yet been es- tablished. Convinced that the Lutheran Church should embrace the epportunity of establishing a church in the town, Rev. Liv- ingston agitated the question, and on the 3rd of April, 1888, eround was broken. A building 32 by 36 was erected and dedi- cated, September 30th, 1888, Rev. G. W. Enders, D. D., preaching the dedicatory sermon. Upon the same day the Sunday School was organized. ‘The Constitution for the Church was signed by 18 members. The Congregation was added to the Lebanon Charge, which Rev. Livingston served until June 22, 1890. Rev. D. 8. Kurtz was the second pastor to serve the Con- eregation, having assumed charge, December 4th, 1890, and resigning, December 31st, 1893. During the pastorate of Rev. Edmund Manges a debt of $630 was liquidated. On April Ist, 1899, the Charge was divided, St. James’ and Stahley’s forming the Chanceford Charge, while the Lebanon Charge now comprised Lebanon and St. Paul’s congregations. After the division, Rev. Manges served the Leb- anon Charge until November Ist, 1899. From June Ist to No- vember Ist, he also supplied Christ Church, at Loganville. Succeeding Rev. Manges, Rey. 8. J. Ulrich served the Charge for 9 months. When Rev. G. A. Livingston became pastor, Sadler’s and Mt. Pleasant congregations had been added to the Charge. He was the first pastor to serve the Lebanon Charge under this 496 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD arrangement. Rev. Livingston served from October 15th, 1901, to September Ist, 1904. The ministry of Rev. L. E. Henry, covering a period of more than 9 years, is marked with faithfulness and steady growth. During the pastorate of Rev. H. C. Aroh, the present parson- age was built by the Charge. Rev. D. 8S. Weimer, assumed charge, November Ist, 1917, and resigned, April Ist, 1919. Rev. C. H. Shull, Ph. D., followed, serving from August Ist, 1919, until November Ist, 1921. The present pastor assumed charge, May 15th, 1922. The membership of the Congregation is 63, 27 having been received during the present pastorate. The installation of a pipeless furnace, the wiring of the church, the laying of a new carpet, and the painting of the exterior of the church, are the improve- ments that have recently been made, at a cost of $810. The members of the first Council were: Elders, Henry Seitz, Jacob Diehl; Deacons, John Runkle, Conrad Hake. The first Baptism recorded is that of Mary Leah Livingston, daughter of Rev. Peter and Sadie Livingston, September 30th, 1888. : The first to be received by Confirmation were Catharine Miller and Ida Briggs,.April 14th, 1889. The first Holy Communion service was held April 14th, 1889. At this service 19 members communed. Members of the present council are C. C. Seitz, H. G. Seitz, William Hannigan and L. E. Sentz. ST. PAUL’S LUTHERAN CHURCH OF MT. PLEASANT (Lebanon Charge) Rev. Witiis R. BRENNEMAN, PASTOR St. Paul’s Congregation of Mt. Pleasant was probably organiz- ed by Rev. Andrew Berg, pastor of the Shrewsbury Charge. ASchool for some years conducted in Miller’s Stone School House attracted the attention of Rev. Berg, and possibly other neighboring min- isters, Who encouraged the organization of a congregation and the building of a new church. Accordingly in the year 1857, upon eround deeded by Abraham Miller, a union church was built by Lutheran and Reformed congregations. For some time Rev. Berg continued to supply the congregation. Just when his ministry ends and that of Rev. J. Kaempfer begins is un- certain. The dates of the early pastors are indefinite. Very early in its history Mt. Pleasant became associated with the congregations of the Windsor Charge, and later the YorK County CONFERENCE 497 Dallastown Charge. Whether it was really a part of these charges is not certain. However, all the pastors who served these charges also preached at Mt. Pleasant. Rev. John Conoway of the Windsor Charge was pastor of the congregation not less than nine years. Under the ministry of Rev. Peter Warner, who served the Dallastown Charge from 1871 to 1882, Mt. Pleasant was regarded as a member of the Charge and consequently enjoyed the regular service of this faithful minister. The decade following the death of Rev. Warner was a period of considerable struggle and readjustment. The Reformed Con- eregation weakened and Mt. Pleasant ceased to be known as a Union church. Rev. E. Lenhart from 1882 to 1886 labored faith- fully to put new life into the congregation. Rev. C. W. Baker serving from July 1, 1886, to September 1, 1888, was successful in overcoming certain elements that threatened the life of the con- eregation, as well as in strengthening the membership. When Rev. M. V. Shatto therefore became pastor the congregation Was prepared to remodel the church at a cost of $2000. Rev. Shatto served the congregation from January 1, 1889, until January 1, 1892. At the expiration of Rev. A. M. Heilman’s ministry, which dates from March 1, 1892, to December 1, 1894, the Dallastown Charge was divided and Mt. Pleasant now continued as a part of the new Red Lion Charge. Of this field Rev..H. E. Berkey became the first pastor. During his ministry the church was re- paired at a cost of $700. He served from June 1, 1895, until January 1, 1901. Rev. Berkey was followed by Rev. U. E. Apple who priered the work April 1, 1901. October 15 of that year Mt. Pleasant and Sadler’s withdrew from the Red Lion Charge to unite with the Lebanon Charge. The pastorswho served Mt. Pleasant as apart of the Lebanon Charge are as follows: Rev. G. A. Livingston, Oc- tober 15, 1901, to September 1, 1904; Rev. Luther E. Henry, April 1, 1905, to June 15, 1914; Rev. H.C. Aroh, October 1, 1914, to July 1, 1917; Rev. D.'S. Weimer, November 1, 1917, to April 151919: Rev. C. Hesiolle Cee August le 1919, to November 1, 1921; Rev. Willis R. Brenneman, May 15, 1922 —. The membership of the congregation is 110. Members of the Council are the following: D. A. Breneman, John Miller, D. A. Hess, Daniel Althouse, Melvin Hess and Edw. Sweitzer. 498 HistoRy or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD REV; JOHN: H. C: MANTFOLD PASTOR OF THE MANCHESTER CHARGE Reve John +H eCae Wanita the eldest. son of Wm. Henry and Margaret A. (Sheffer) Manifold, was born at Shrewsbury, York Co., Pa. He is of Scotch-Irish descent through his father. He was brought up under Presbyterian influences—his parents holding church membership in the old Round Hill Presbyterian Church of Hopewell Township, lower York Co. Later, hisfather moved to New Freedom, for the practice of medicine, where he and his wife united with the Lutheran Church after its organization by Rev. John Menges. Rev. Manifold was catechised and confirmed by Rev. Edmund Manges. He was educated at New Freedom public school, also, the academies at Shrewsbury and Stewartstown, also the State Normal School at Millersville. He taught public school two years; then entered the preparatory school of Pennsylvania College, Gettys- burg, in April, 1884, and matriculated in College September, 1885, eraduating with the class of 1889, and from the Theological Sem- inary, Gettysburg, 1892. He was licensed by West Pennsylvania Synod at Mechanies- burg, 1891, and ordained by Central Pennsylvania Synod, 1892, at Reedsville, Pa., his first charge being at Salona, Clinton Co.., Pa. Most of his work was within the bounds of Susquehanna Synod, where he served for 19 years—about five years on the Statistical Committee and five years as Statistical Secretary; he served also as Secretary and President of West Branch Confer- ence. His longest pastorate was at Turbotville, Pa., where he labored thirteen years. At Palmyra, East Pennsylvania: Synod, he served eight and one half years. He has been located at Manchester, West Pennsylvania Synod, since December Ist, 1923. In 1892, he married Miss Mary E. Brenneman, to which union six children were born, four of whom are graduates of high schools, and higher institutions, and two in colleges at the present time. YORK CouNTY CONFERENCE 499 CHRIST LUTHERAN CHURCH, MANCHESTER, PA. (Manchester Charge) Rev. Joun H. C. Maniroup, Pastor The Evangelical Lutheran Congregation in Liverpool, Manchester Township York Co., Pa., now Man- chester Boro, Pa., was or- ganized and the church built in 1857. The lot on which it was built and now stands was bought from Paul Yinger and his wife for $200.00, deeded April 3, 1857, to the following persons: Henry Cassel, George Gross, Daniel Hake, John Drayer and Daniel Gross to be the property of the above named congre- gation. A brick building was erected 40 by 60 ft., fronting on Main St. The first chureb council con- sisted of the following per- sons: Philip Metzgar, Hen- ry Cassel, and Peter Spahr, elders; George Gross, Sam- uel Lichtenberger and Dan- iel Hake, wardens. This Congregation be- came a part of the Quickel’s charge, and was served by its pastor, the Rev. Con- stantine Jacob Deininger, from November, 1857, to November, 1865, a period of eight years. The Congr egation was incorporated in 1858. Its first Lord’s Supper was administered November 7, 1858, when thirty persons participated. The Rev. J. Rizer then served the congregation for seven months in the year 1866, when the Rev. A. W. Lilly, from York, Pa., supplied the congregation until 1868. In March, 1868, Rev. P. Warner was elected pastor and entered upon his ministerial duties and served to March, 1871, a period of three years. In April, 1871, Rev. P. Anstadt began preaching in the Charge, then consisting of the Manchester, Starview and Cassel’s Congregations, and continued until 1879, every two weeks in German and English alternately. Rev. E. Curist LUTHERAN CHURCH MANCHESTER, Pa. 500 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Lenhart was then extended a call and entered upon his duties at once and served the congregation until November, 1882. On November 26, 1882, Rev. W. 8S. Porr began his service and re- signed July 30, 1892. In March 12, 1898, Rev. H. C. Bixler was elected as pastor and began his labors, June 1, 18938. At this time the charge consisted of the Manchester, Starview, Round- town and Neiman’s Congregations. He resigned August 31, 1901. During his pastorate a parsonage was bought. In December, 1901, Rev. M.S. Romig was elected pastor, who entered upon his duties and continued until August, 1904, when the Manchester Congregation became an independent Charge. On June 1, 1905, Rev. T. W. Noll took up the work as regular pastor and continued to serve until October, 1907, when Rev. L. G. Stauffer took up the work and continued until May 12, 1912. In August 1, 1912, Rev. H. 8. Garnes assumed the duties as pastor, serving until June 30, 1914. On October 1, 1914, Rev. H. L. Gerstmyer became the pastor and continued until August 31, 1918, when he resigned. On January 5, 1919, Rev. J. I. Hummer began his labors. During his pastorate the Lutheran Church of York Haven became a part of the Charge. Rev. Hummer resigned June 24, 1923; and on December 1, 1923, Rev. J. H. C. Manifold, the present pastor, accepted a call and entered upon his duties. This sketch was prepared, with the aid of the minutes and church records, by Mr. Jesse Lichtenberger, who has been a member of the congregation for more than half a century. ST. PAUL'S LUTHERAN*CHURCH;; YORK” HAVENS Eas . (Manchester Charge) Rev. Joun H. C. Maniroup, Pastor The town of York Haven was visited on October 11, 1895, by Rev. Chas. W. Baker, Missionary Secretary of the York Co. Conference, with the object of organizing a Lutheran congregation. The first preaching service held was Sunday, December 15, 1895, in Walton’s Hall, when seventy persons were present. The prospect of a Lutheran congregation was so well received that a house to house canvass was at once begun, which also was completed by January 8, 1896, with the following results: twenty- eight families with one hundred and thirty-one souls are Lutheran, while other available material make a total of fifty-two families, with two hundred and forty-eight souls. On the same date, (January 8, 1896) it was recommended, “that steps be taken as soon as possible to organize a Lutheran congregation at York Haven.” And within the same month the Lutheran Board of Church Extension located and purchased the YorRK CouNTY CONFERENCE 501 lot on which the church building now stands. Price paid, $250.00. June 5, 1896, the services of Mr. John E. Heindel, then a Junior in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, were secured, as assistant to the Missionary Secretary, Rev. C. W. Baker, and he supphed the congregation until the opening of Seminary in September. The congregation was organized on June 28, 1896, with fifty-one members,—forty by certificate and _ profession of faith, seven by confirmation, and four by Baptism. The ST. PAUL’s LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK HAVEN, PA. services of organizing were held in the local U. B. Church. Rev. Dr. Geo. W. Enders and Rev. Peter Livingston, President of the Missionary Com. of York Co. Conference, were present and assisted in the organization. The first official meeting of the congregation after its organi- zation was held July Ist, 1896, by Rev. Baker and Mr. John E. Heindel, for the purpose of electing a Chureh Council. The re- sult was, that Mr. Fred. G. Krout was chosen to the office of Elder for two years, and Mr. Henry F. Metzler for one year. Also, that Mr. Wm. Cape and Mr. Michael G. Krout were chosen to the office of Deacon, each for two years, and Mr. G. C. Emigh and Mr. E. M. Nace to the same office, each for one year. The Church Council then organized by electing Mr. Henry F. Metzler, 502 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD President, Mr. G. C. Emigh, Secretary, and Mr. E. M. Nace, ‘Treasurer. Other matters of business transacted at this first meeting of the Church Council, were the adopting of the envelope system; the appointment of Mr. Henry F. Metzler to secure a charter for the new Church organization; and a motion to raise $4000, towards a church building. , On July 3, Mr. Heindel began soliciting for the building fund. The building Committee was selected at a Church Council meet- ing held July 19, as follows: Mr. Henry F. Metzler, Chairman, Mr. G. C. Emigh and Mr. Wm. Cape. Ground was broken for the new church on July 28. Sub- scriptions to date amounted to $700. On August 5, the congre- gation assumed the entire support of Mr. Heindel as supply pastor. On September 13, the corner-stone of the church was laid, Rev. Dr. A. W. Lilly, preaching the sermon. During the winter of 1896 the paper mills were running on short time, hence many of the families left town. All advance movements of the congregation were checked, and the chureh experienced a reverse. Preaching services were held regularly however, under the direction of Rev. Baker with students from Gettysburg Seminary. The Sunday School was organized in the public school building on March 28, 1897, with a good corps of officers and teachers. After this event all services were held in the school building. Within a few weeks after its organization the Sunday School had an enrollment of 115 members. Mr. Heindel, then a middler in Seminary, served the congre- gation again as supply pastor during the summer of 1897. On July Ist, the Church, a frame structure 30x56 feet, was reported to be up and painted, and the bell hung in the tower. Also the pews and pulpit furniture were on hand ready to be put in position. The dedication of the Church and furnishings took place on September 5, 1897. Rev. H. L. Baugher, D. D., per- formed the service of dedication, assisted by Rev. Peter Living- ston. The cost of everything as it stood on the day of dedication apart from much free labor by the members, was about $3500.00. The Sunday School enrollment at this time was 150, with a Church membership of 66, a Ladies’ Aid Society of 62; and a catechetical class of 16. On October Ist, a joint meeting of the Councils of York Haven and Goldsboro congregations was held to act upon the question of uniting to form a Charge. The proposition was ap- proved by the representatives of the congregations, and went into effect November Ist, 1897. After his graduation from Seminary in 1898, Rev. Heindel accepted a call from this pastorate, and served it from June Ist, YorK CouNTY CONFERENCE hes to September 28, when he resigned to accept a call from Jersey itv Ne: During the fall of 1898 the Missionary Committee of the York Co. Conference, by request of the joint Councils,.supplied the pulpits through students from Gettysburg Seminary. On January 8, 1899, Rev. F. H. Crissman was elected pastor of the York Haven Charge, and began his labors February Ist, and continued until June Ist, 1903. After Rev. Crissman’s resignation, students from Gettys- burg Seminary, supplied the congregations until Rev. J. C. Mc- Carney came to the pastorate, and began his labors May Ist, 1904, and continued until November Ist, 1907. With this vacancy, the President of Gettysburg Seminary was asked by the joint Councils to furnish supplies for the congregations until further notice. From May, 1908, Rev. J. Roy Strock supplied the congrega- tions with services until August 30, when he quit to sail for the India field as a Missionary. From this time the charge was va- eant until May, 1909, when Rev. J. 8. Blank, upon his graduation from Seminary, accepted a call, and labored until February 18, 19 11% The lot adjoining the Church on the south was purchased in March, 1911, for $150. The object of this purchase was eventually to build a parsonage. The same year the Ladies of the Working Union feeling that they needed a hall for social purposes, decided to build one. Hence they utilized the rear of the above lot, and had a frame building 28x50 feet erected, with ad- ditional room for a kitchen, at a cost of about $900. Also, had a well drilled for convenient water. During this period of improve- ments the congregation was supplied by students from Gettys- burg Seminary until Rev. Wm. Hoffman was elected pastor, and entered upon his labors April 1, 1912, and served until November iste 913: On June 24, 1914, action was taken to notify the Board of Home Missions that the Charge would assume self-support be- ginning with the next quarter. Rev. L. G. Stauffer was the first pastor under this act of independence. His services began July 5, 1914. The Sunday School room was built under Rev. Stauffer. At a special meeting of Church Council, September, 1915, it was decided to build a 8. 8. room, to join the main Church on the south side. This addition was completed and ready for re- opening and rededication by July, 1916. The Building Com- mittee was composed of the following persons: Mr. Wm. Cassel, Mr. John Cassel, and Rev. Stauffer. The improvements con- sisted of the new room 18x45 feet, new pews and new carpet for the audience room of the main church, refrescoing of the same, a slate roof on the south side, electric lighting, and steam heat 504 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD outfit, at a cost of $3211. Rev. H. H. Weber preached the ser- mon and had charge of the finances on this occasion. Rey. Stauffer resigned from the Charge September 30, 1917. After his going, arrangements were made with Rev. Reuben S. Stair, that beginning with November, 1917, he was to fill the pulpits of the Charge until some time after the first of the next year. Later he was elected pastor, and served the congregations from March Ist, 1918, to March Ist, 1919. At the meeting of Synod in Hanover, October, 1919, Zion Lutheran congregation of Goldsboro petitioned that body to con- sider favorably its withdrawal from the York Haven pastorate. This move was approved by Synod, which was the beginning of the present pastorate of Manchester-York Haven. ‘This arrange- ment was consummated about the Ist of December, 1919, and the pastor of the Manchester congregation, Rev. J. I. Hummer, began serving the York Haven congregation at once. His labors resulted in a large accession to the Church membership. His work closed through resignation June 24, 1923. On December Ist, 1923, Rev. J. H. C. Manifold became pastor. One of the good things done thus’ far was the revising and perfecting of a Record of present members of the congrega- tion, together with the work of teaching and preaching and catechising. At this writing, Advent, 1924, the congregation has a son preparing for the ministry at the Mt. Airy Seminary in the person of Francis E. Shearer. On Ss or YorK CouNnTY CONFERENCE REV. F.. 8. GEESEY PASTOR OF THE MUHLENBERG CHARGE Rev. F. 8. Geesey was born near Red Lion, York County, Pa., on 13th of February, 1862. His father was Amos Geesey, ~ the oldest son of Jonathan Gee- sey and his wife Sarah (nee Flnchbaugh) living near Dallas- town, York County, Pa. His mother was Louisa (nee Sechrist) Geesy, a daughter of John Se- christ and wife Elizabeth (nee Mitzel) living near Felton, York County, Pa. His parents were members of the old Bleimeir’s Lutheran Church near Dallas- town. He was catechised by Rev. E. Lenhart and confirmed by him on June 8th, 1884, in the Luth- eran Church, Dallastown, Pa. He attended tbe public schools of York Township and worked on his father’s farm until reaching his majority; then attended the York County Academy for two years under Profs. George W. Gross and J. C. Stauffer, Principals. In the fall of 1886, he en- tered Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., taking a full Clas- sical Course and graduating in June, 1890. In the fall of 1890 he entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and graduated from that institution June 8, 1893. In the Spring of 1893, he received the degree of A. M. from Gettys- burg College. On October 15; 1892, in the Union Lutheran Church, York, Pa., he was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod and was ordained in the First Lutheran Church, Carlisle, October 16, 1893, by the same Synod. He was called to become the pastor of the Trinity Charge, York County, Pa., in March, 18938, and came to his field of labor on June 13, 1893. This Trinity Charge, with the addition of another congregation, has been the Muhlenberg Charge for a period of almost thirty years. The subject of the above sketch was married to Matilda Ness, February 10, 1884, by Rev. Charles W. Sechrist, his uncle. Nine children, seven daughters and two sons, have been born to this union. Of these, the Rev. M. D. Geesey, Pastor of the First Lutheran Church, North Manchester, Ind., is the first born; and one daughter is married to a student now in a Lutheran Seminary preparing for the Ministry. 506 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD CHRIST LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK COUNTY, PENNA: (Muhlenberg Charge) Rev. F. 8. Gursny, Pastor Christ Church formerly belonged to the Paradise Charge of the York County Conference. It was a part of the Union Evangelical Lutheran and Reformed, known as the Roth Church. It is said that before Rev. John G. Schmucker, who was pastor of the Christ Lutheran Church, York, Pa., the Rev. John Casper Stoever visited this com- munity and did ministerial work. In 1809 Rev. John G. Schmucker became the pastor and served the peo- ple for some years. In 1828 Rev. Andrew G. Dein- inger became the pastor of the Emanuel Lutheran Church, which is now the Christ Evangelical Luther- an Church. Rev. Andrew G. Deininger continued as pastor a period of fifty-two years. He was much be- loved and honored by his CHRIST LUTHERAN CHURCH people. After Rev. A. G. York County, Pa. Deininger died, the Rev. D. Sell became pastor and served the Emanuel congregation until 1888. During the last years of Rev. D. Sell’s administration, the Emanuel Lutheran and Reformed Congregations separated, each building its own house of worship. The Emanuel Lutheran Congregation organ- ized itself into a new congregation under the name of Christ ' Evangelical Lutheran Church. This meeting for organization and building a new house of worship was held in Mummert’s School House, of Jackson Township, on February 18, 1888. Land was purchased and the church building erected at once and the first communion held in the new church took place November 11, 1888. Rev. Peter Anstadt, D. D., of York, Pa., was the minister who preached and served the congregation at YORK CouNTY CONFERENCE 507 that time; until they had a regular pastor, the ministers supplying were: Revs: A. G. Fastnacht, B. 8. Dise, W. H. Ketterman. George W. Enders and E. Manges, until Rev. D. Stock was called as supply pastor on November 16, 1889. The Rev. L. K. Sechrist was extended a call to become their pastor December 28, 1890. The Rev. L. K. Sechrist served the Christ Church until October, 1892. There being a vacancy, the present pastor, Rev. F. 8S. Geesey, who was then a senior in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, was invited to supply the congregation, and on March 18, 1898, he was unanimously elected pastor and has served the congregation up to the cee oe Preceding the pastorate of Rev. F. Geesey, the Christ Church belonged to the Trinity Charge, a oie also of St. Peter’s and St. Paul’s, Stoverstown, but when St. Jacob’s, York New Salem, formerly served by Rev. John Conoway, voted to unite with the Trinity Charge, the name Muhlenberg was sub- stituted for Trinity. This Christ Church has gone through a test which but few need to endure, but it has come out a revived and consecrated people. SAGO SsU THERAN CHURCH YORK COUN LY, (PA. (Muhlenberg Charge) Rev. F. 8. Gursny, PASTOR ST. JAcoB’s LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK COUNTY, PA. For a goodly number of years previous to 1861, the people of York New Salem and the immediate community held Sunday School in the borough school house. Nearly all of these people 508 History or Wesr PENNSYLVHNIA SYNOD were Lutherans belonging to the Christ Lutheran Church of York and St. Paul’s (Wolf’s) near the Gettysburg Pike. This ‘‘Sab- bath School Association,’ by which name the people holding Sunday School designated themselves, at that time was organized into a Lutheran and Reformed Church, called St. Jacob’s Evangel- ical Lutheran and Reformed Church at New Salem. Under the leadership of Rev. C. J. Deininger, who was the pastor of Wolf’s Charge of York County, a new union church building was erected during the years of 1861 and 1862. The corner stone was laid May 26, 1861, and because of the Civil War the building was delayed ‘and was not completed until sometime in 1862, when it was dedicated and the first Holy Communion was held October 12, 1862, by the Rev. C. J. Deininger, pastor. At the first Com- munion 63 members communed. At this writing, only two members of the first Communion are living, viz: Susan Gensler, 98 years, and Leah Ehrhart, 88 years. For a period of 54 years this union continued until 1916 when the great majority of the Lutheran congregation voted to build a Lutheran Chureh for themselves, inviting the Reformed congregation, which was small and weak, to enjoy with the Luth- eran people the use of their church building for worship, until such time as the Lutherans should need it every Lord’s day for their own worship. This invitation was not accepted by the Re- formed, and the Lutheran congregation proceeded at once to erect their own church building. On May 20, 1917, the corner stone of the new Lutheran church was laid in the presence of a large concourse of people. The Rev. I. G. Gotwald, D. D., President of the West Pennsylvania Synod, Rev. George M. Diffenderfer, D. D., Carlisle, Pa., and Rev. George W. Enders, D. D., York, Pa., were the speakers. The corner stone laying was conducted by the Pastor, Rev. F. 5S. Geesey. There were a few present at this service who were present at the first corner stone laying in May, 1861, fifty-six years before. This congregation is now a large one and is growing in church activities. The following pastors have served since its or vaniza- tion: Revs. C. J. Deininger, John Menges, John Conaway, and the present pastor, Rev. I. S. Geesey. During brief vacancies, the Rev. Aug. H. Lochman, D. D., and Rev. Adam Stumpf, D. D., have supplied preaching, the latter for eleven months during 1892 and 1893. This St. Jacob’s Evangelical Lutheran Church formerly belonged to the St. Paul’s: (Zeigler’s Charge) and it and the Zeigler congregations were served by the Rev. John Conaway, until 1892. After the retirement of Rev. John Conaway, the St. Paul’s and Zeigler Congregations became a part of the Seven Valleys Charge and the St. Jacob’s, New Salem, Congregation voted in the spring of 1893 to become a constituent part of the Muhlenberg Charge; to which charge, then known as the Trinity Charge, the present pastor, Rev. F. S. Geesey, was YoRK CouNTY CONFERENCE 509 called and is still the pastor. This congregation has grown from a membership of 146 to a membership of over 400. The present church building is one of the finest and most costly church edifices in the rural districts of York County. pinePAULS: LUTHERAN CHURCH YORK ICOUNTY, PA? (Muhlenberg Charge) Rev. PAS GEnsny, PASTOR Dive AUL SeisUTHERAN CHURCH. YORKe 0. LAY For many years previous to the time when St. Paul’s Lutheran and Reformed Congregation was organized, the people living in the neighborhood of a small country town called: Stoverstown, held a Sunday School in an old School House. The land upon which the School House was built was donated by a Lutheran, Christian Lau. This land was given by Mr. Lau for the purpose of public school and religious instruction. The churches nearest to Stoverstown were St. Paul’s, Zeigler’s, about three miles south, and St. Paul’s, Wolf’s, about four miles north. To the above named congregations the majority of families of this immediate community belonged. The community had also a goodly number of Reformed people, and these together with the Lutherans finally formed a union organization in about 1879, and preaching was held at times by visiting ministers of the Lutheran and Reformed faiths. It was in the early part of 1880, when this union organization resolved, at a regularly called meeting, to secure land and build a house of God. A Building Committee consisting of Jonas 510 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Hassler and George Henry, Lutherans, and Peter Bentz and Michael Klinedinst, Reformed, was appointed. During the sum- mer of 1880, the church building was erected, a wooden structure with a bell-tower. This building was remodeled in 1912, and a large vestibule and tower built. The original church building was dedicated late in December, 1880. The Rev. J. C. Deininger, Lutheran Pastor of the St. Paul’s (Wolf’s) Church preached, and Rey. R. Smith, the Reformed Pastor, the Lutheran Congregation not having a pastor at that time. The first pastor the St. Paul’s Lutheran Congregation had was Dr. J. D. Hauer, who served this congregation with the old St. Peter’s and for some years it was connected with the St. Paul’s, Spring Grove, which congregation Dr. Hauer also served for some years. Dr. J. D. Hauer became the pastor of St. Paul’s in the year 1881, and served the congregation until December 28, 1890, when Rev. L. K. Sechrist was called to become the pastor. Rev. L. K. Sechrist continued his relation as pastor of St. Paul’s until October, 1892, when he resigned to retire from the active ministry. There was then a vacancy from October, 1892, to March, 1893, in this congregation, which now belonged to the Trinity Charge of the West Pennsylvania Synod, composed of St. Paul’s, the Christ Church and St. Peter’s,—all within a few miles of Spring Grove, York County, Penna.,— during which the congregation was supplied by neighboring pastors, or by students from the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Pa. The present pastor, Rev. F. 8. Geesey, a senior at Gettysburg Seminary, was unanimously elected Pastor and moved to Spring Grove, June [39 593: The Congregation has increased in membership from the small eroup of 65 members to 260 confirmed members. The oldest record of a Church Council meeting which the writer could find was held May:<17, 1879. The first interment recorded in the burial record was made February 10, 1881. In 1907, land was bought adjacent to the old burial ground and a beautiful cemetery is now owned by this congregation and also a good church building, recently repaired and renovated. SI. PETER’S LUTHERAN - CHURCH, YORK .GOUNTY) eae (Muhlenberg Charge) Rev. F. 8. Grresey, Pastor St. Peter’s Church, North Codorus Township, York County, is a quite old congregation. It is deplorable that we have so very little real history about it. We have, however, history dating YoRK CountTY CONFERENCE DLL back to 1781, when Reformed and Lutheran people held services in this church community. This congregation has had four church buildings. We could not find the name of its first pastor, nor the date of its organization. Being mid-way between York and Hanover, Pa., in which towns were the first Lutheran Churches in York County West of the Susquehanna River, this old St. Peter’s ST. PETER’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK Co., Pa. Church must have been served at times by the pastors of the Old Christ Church, York, and St. Matthew’s, Hanover, Pa. The first pastor whose name the writer found among German Script was Rev. Charles Witner, or Witmer, which pastorate dates back to 1830. Doubtless other ministers served this old congregation many years previous to Rev. Witmer. In 1850 Rev. L. Gerhard became the pastor and continued for a period of twelve years, when he resigned. In the year 1862, Rev. J. D. Hauer, D. D., became the pastor. Dr. Hauer served this St. Peter’s Congrega- tion for twenty-eight years and was much beloved by his people. After the resignation of Dr. Hauer, Rev. L. K. Sechrist, then serving the Hallem Charge or the Kreutz Creek Charge, York County, was called to become the pastor and served until Novem- ber of 1892, when he resigned in order to retire from the active ministry. The present pastor, Rev. F. 8S. Geesey, then a student in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, was invited to preach to this congregation December 4, 1892. The Rev. F. 8. Geesey was invited by the St. Peter’s Congre- gation to serve them if possible, once a month, from the beginning of December, 1892, to the last week in March, 1893, when he was unanimously elected to become their pastor. The Rev. Geesey held the call under consideration until the 23rd of May, 1898, ‘jn History ofr West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD when he accepted the call and moved to Spring Grove, June 13, 1893, as pastor of the then called Trinity Charge of which St. Peter’s was a part. The first church building of the old St. Peter’s Congregation was a log building, located about one-half mile away from the present one and was erected under the direction of Jacob Lishey, the Reformed pioneer worker in this church com- munity. The second church building was a frame one located in the southwest corner of the old cemetery; and the third was a brick building with a gallery or elevated floor on three sides of the church edifice, located on the southeast corner of the old graveyard. This old brick building was razed in the spring of 1896, and the present fine and churchly edifice erected during the Summer of 1896. The dedication of this building was held December 13, 1896. Rev. G. W.- Enders, D. D.,. Pastor of the Christ’ Church, "Yorks Pa= preached in German and Prof. Wm. Krebs, Reformed, of Littlestown, preached in English, at the morning services. In the afternoon of the same day, Rev. L. K. Derr, D. D., of Reading, Pa., preached in German and Prof. J. W. Richard, D. D., of Gettysburg, preached in English. The Church edifice was paid for before the day of dedication with $13.00 remaining in the build- ing fund. This old St. Peter’s was for many years a rather small and weak congregation in numbers. When the present pastor came on the field the confirmed members numbered 86. It has since erown to be a large congregation, numbering over 400 members. This last church building was refrescoed and rededicated on No- vember 25, 1923, when Rev. J. A. Singmaster, D. D., from the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, preached the dedicatory ser- mon, representing the Lutheran side of the Union Church; and Rev. F. Frantz, of the Lancaster Reformed Seminary, preached the dedicatory sermon, representing the Reformed side. From this St. Peter’s Lutheran Congregation, the first For- elgn Missionary from York County went to India, Rev. H. R. Spangler. YorRK CouNTY CONFERENCE 513 REV. MERVIN E. SMITH PASTOR OF THE NEW FREEDOM CHARGE Mervin Elmer Smith, son of the Jate Jacob C. and Hannah M. Smith, was born January 16, 18838, in Menallen Township, Adams County, Penna. His father was a Civil War Veteran and a farmer. He and his good wife were faithful members and regular attendants at all of the services of St. James’ Evangelical Lutheran Church at Wenksville of the Bendersville Charge. Mervin was the youngest child of seven children and was dedi- cated to the Gospel Ministry by his mother when but an infant. He was baptized in St. James’ Church by the pastor Rev. Wil- liam McSherry, and was confirmed in the same Church at the age of twelve by Pastor U. A. Hankey. He later attended the Cum- land Valley State Normal School and graduated frem the same in 1902. He then taught school for three winters in Adams, Lancaster and Dauphin Counties, the last year being in a High School. The summers were spent in preparing for College. Entered Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, Pa., 1905, and graduated in 1909 with A. B. degree; entered Gettysburg Theological Semin- ary, 1909, and graduated in 1912. He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod in October, 1911, and ordained by the same Synod in October, 1912. He accepted a call to the Upper Frank- ford Charge of West Pennsylvania Synod, and entered upon his duties there April 1, 1912. During the pastorate of three years and seven months two of the churches were remodeled and paid for, and 81 adults were received into membership. He served as ecretarv of the Cumberland Valley Conference. November 1, 1915, he was called to Immanuel Lutheran Church, Williamstown, Pa., East Pennsylvania Synod. While pastor here he was Secretary of the Harrisburg Conference. De- cember 10, 1921, he was called to his present pastorate, the New Freedom Charge of the West Pennsylvania Synod. He is at this time the Secretary of the York County Conference. ny! History or Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD JERUSALEM CHURCH (FISSEL’S). YORK COUNTY, PA. (New Freedom Charge) Rev. Mervin E. SmitH, Pastor JERUSALEM (FISSEL’S) LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK Co., PA. Jerusalem, or Fissel’s, Church, by which name it is better known in York County, is one of the oldest churches in southern York County. It seems to have gotten its nickname from one Frederick Fisel, who obtained a grant of 200 acres of land from the Land Office in Philadelphia, July 15, 1762. Nine years later, on June Ist, 1771, there was an indenture of one acre of land for five shillings by Frederick Fisel to Peter Baker for the use of the members of the Lutheran and Calvinist Congregations. According to best information found, Fissel’s Church was or- ganized in 1783 as a Union Church, Lutheran and Reformed. The organization was effected by the Rev. J. G. Bager (or Baugher). He was pastor at Hanover and ministered to congre- gations from Baltimore to Grindstone Hill in Franklin County. During his life time he ministered to hundreds of congregations and organized possibly over a hundred. He served the Charge until 1785. According to a record of deed the above acre was increased to four acres and twenty-three perches, July Ist, 1785. The congregations bought a farm adjoining of 29114 acres for 14 pounds and 10 shillings in the year 1796. A charter was obtained in 1814. The original church was a small log building, which was afterwards replaced by a larger one of the same kind. The second YorRK County CONFERENCE church was used as a house of worship until the year 1851, when a handsome brick edifice was erected. Those who served as the early pastors were: Revs. John Herbst, Sr., John Herbst, Jr., Stecker and Grobp. Among the later pastors may be named: Revs. Jacob Kaempfer, A. Berg, J. H. Menges, E. Manges, E. Miller, E. E. Schantz, D. 8. Martin, A.S. Hain, and M. E. Smith, the present pastor, who entered upon his duties in December, 1921. A community electric line was built and electric lights in- stalled in church building in 1928. The present membership is 284. MESSIAH LUTHERAN CHURCH, RAILROAD, PA. (New Freedom Charge) Rev. Mervin E. Smitu, Pastor About forty years ago a Union Sunday School was organized in the little town of Railroad and conducted in a hall. In 1903, the former school house was purchased and remodeled so that it would be convenient for Sunday School and church purpos- es. The cost of remodel- ing, including purchase price of school house, was $3,000.00, exclusive of labor and material given gratuit- ously. $2,000.00 had been provided for before the dedication. The late Rev. George W. Enders, D. D., preached the dedicatory sermon and made a financial appeal. $650.00 more was provided through the above effort. This Sunday School continued regularly for nine years. Irequently preach- ing service was conducted by neighboring ministers. As the years came and went MesstAH LUTHERAN CHURCH In ATHROAD GLAS 516 History OF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD there was an ever increasing desire for a church organization for this small village. On August 21, 1912, a petition was forwarded to the President of Synod with the signatures of sixty-seven persons thereon, praying for Synodical permission to organize a Lutheran Church at Railroad. In response to this plea September 12, 1912, the congregation was duly organized. The “Messiah” congregation was received into New Freedom Charge, and the sainted Rev. A. S. Hain became her first pastor. February 2, 19138, forty-three persons were received as charter members; and by the end of the first Synodical year a member- ship of 64 was reported to Synod. The present pastor, Rev. M. E. Smith, began his service here in December, 1921. This Church 1s the only Church in the small borough of Rail- road, and has a field of service. Although this congregation has epee \. es Stas not made a rapid growth, she has an enviable record, in that she never failed to pay her full apportionment and a liberal excess. YorK CounTY CONFERENCE 517 ST. JOHN’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, NEW FREEDOM, PA. (New Freedom Charge) Rev. MervIN E. SmitH, PASTOR Prior to the organization of this congregation, the Lutherans of New Free- dom and community were connected and worshipped with the congregations at Stiltze’s and Fissel’s Chur- ches, which are four miles away, and Shrewsbury Church, which is three miles away. A number of Lutherans living in the town had no means of conveyance, and were obliged to walk this distance to attend services. This being a continued in- convenience, 1t was planned to secure some pastor to conduct services at New Freedom, even if there could not be an immediate or- ganization. New Freedom being just about midway between the other three churches men- tioned above, which had old and strong congrega- tions, was too near to all St. JOHN’s LUTHERAN CHURCH to draw many members New Freepom, Pa. from any of them. And the town being small and having two or three churches already, it was a great undertaking for the Lutherans to organize a congregation. In 1869 Rev. A. Berg, then pastor of the Shrewsbury Charge, was secured to preach in a hall. In the same year, or during 1870, he succeeded in organizing the Lutheran congregation. For a number of years the congregation worshipped in differ- ent rooms and halls and in the local United Evangelical and M. EK. Churches. The congregation now realizing the permanency and the bene- fit of the organization, turned their minds to the building of a church home. 518 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD In 1877 the present church was erected, at a cost of $3,000. Since then the church was entirely renovated and many changes made. For this convenience the small band made heroic sacrifices. Much money had to be borrowed by individuals to pay their subscriptions. There was no outside prop to support them. A handful of people, without help from any Church Board, paid for their church and their pastor’s salary. They toiled and labored until they gained their independence. Today St. John’s Congregation stands among the well- organized and up-to-date congregations of the Lutheran Church; and though the membership is not large, the Lutheran Congre- gation is the largest in New Freedom. This Congregation was part of the Shrewsbury Charge until the Charge was divided in 1894. Then St. John’s and Fissel’s congregations formed the New Freedom Charge, with parsonage at New Freedom. The congregation was served by the following pastors: Rev. A. Berg, serving the Shrewsbury Charge, was secured to preach in 1869, who succeeded in organizing! the congregation. He later became the first regular pastor. Rev. Berg resigned in 1873. Rev. J. H. Menges was elected his successor on August 15, 1877. Rev. Edmund Manges was called to succeed Rev. J. H. Menges in February, 1878. . Rev. E: Miller, D. D., became pastor in 1879 and served until 1894. Rev. E. E. Shantz was elected on June 9th, 1895, and resigned June, 1904. Rev. David 8. Martin as- sumed charge of the work on May 1, 1905, and remained until June 4, 1912. He was succeeded by Rev. A. 8S. Hain, 1912 to 1921; the present pastor, Rev. M. E. Smith, assumed charge in December of 1921. REV... GEORGE W. ENDERS, JR, Deb: PASTOR OF THE PARADISE CHARGE The subject of this sketch bears his father’s name, George W., who was pastor of Christ Lutheran Church of York from July 1, 1882, until the time of his death, November 9, 1921, a pastorate of almost forty years. His mother was Mrs. Phoebe A. (Miller) Enders; and he was born at Bridgeton, N. J., August 10, 1871. His early education was received in the schools of York, Pa. His collegiate and theological training came to him through the institutions of our Lutheran Church at Gettysburg, Pa. He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod in Zion Lutheran Church, October 20, 1895, by recommendation of the YorRK CouNTY CONFERENCE 519 Ministerium of West Pennsylvania Synod, held at Seven Valleys, Pa., May 18, 1896, he was ordained in Christ Lutheran Church, York, Pa., on June 14, 1896; and was dismissed to the Franckean Synod on June 30, 1896, to become pastor of the Argusville Lutheran Church on that territory. On Dec. 1, 1899, he accept- ed a call to Union Bridge, Md. He became pastor of St. John’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, Clearfield, Pa., September 1, 1905, where he continued to serve until December 1, 1912. He accepted a call to and assumed the duties of the Paradise pastorate in September, 1913, which is still his field of pastoral service. PARADISE, “HOLZ SCHWAMM” LUTHERAN CHURCH, AO LK COUN EY ee Ae (Paradise Charge) Rpy- Ge. We BNDERS,. JR.) 1.) Pastor This historic church originated in 1745. Rev. Jacob Goering, who then lived at Carlisle, was the first pastor. Rev. John George Schmucker was pastor in 1809, and Rev. Conrad Reiman in 1817. The church was first owned by the Lutherans, and the congrega- tion for many years was ministered to by the pastors of St. Mat- thew’s Church of Hanover. Rev. Jacob Lischy, as early as 1750, performed the duties of a missionary through this section for German Reformed Churches, and Rev. William Otterbein, of the same denomination, for a short time preached here. February 15, 1826, an article of agreement was formed be- tween the Lutheran and Reformed congregations, which gave to both equal rights and privileges to the church, church property and burying ground. , The following named church officers bound themselves and their successors to fulfill the article of agreement: John Trostle and Ludwig Swartz, elders; and William Trostle, Samuel Zerfas, John Baker and Daniel March, wardens of said congregations, Luth- eran and Reformed. It was witnessed by Henry King, John Wehler and George Trostle, and acknowledged before Jacob Ernst, February 27, 1826. Rey. A. G. Deininger was pastor of the Lutheran congrega- gation for fifty-one years in succession, and died September 28, 1880, aged eighty-six years. He was succeeded by Daniel Sell and Henry J. Darmstetter. In 1907 the congregation under the pastorate of Rev. E. Lenhart had a membership of 275. This church is a fine brick structure surrounded by a beautiful grove. Since September, 1918, Rev. George W. Enders, Jr., D. D., has been the pastor. He reports a present membership of 300. 520 History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD SHILOH LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK COUNTY, PA. (Paradise Charge) Rev. G: We’ Enpers, JR D> DD.) PASTOR Shiloh Church, locally known as Neiman’s, is owned and used by both Lutheran and Reformed congregations. It was organized in 1881 by Rev. E. Lenhart. The building was erected in 1883, at a cost of $4,600. It is situated on the road leading from York to Dover. The clergymen present at the dedicatory services were, Rev. J. O. Miller, I. S. Weisz, G. W. Enders and Peter Anstadt. The building committee were: Jonathan Wilt, George Leckrone and Jesse Heilman. Rev. W.S. Porr, (1883-1892) the first pastor of the Lutheran denomination, has been succeeded by Rev. H. C. Bixler, (1893-1901), Rev. E. Lenhart, (1902-1913), and Rev. G. W. Enders, D. D., who is at present serving. The Lutheran congregation numbers 186 members. REV. J. C. McCARNEY, B. D. PASTOR OF THE QUICKEL’S CHARGE The subject of this sketch was born June 22, 1876, at Arendts- ville, Pa., the son of John D. and Susan (Oyler) McCarney. Under the religious influence amd training of the Trinity Lutheran Church of his home town, of which the Rev. D. T. Koser, D. D., was pastor, he was received into active church membership by confirmation in 1892. After a course of preparatory training at Gettysburg Aca- demy, he entered Gettysburg College, and was graduated with the class of 1901. The next three years were spent in study at the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, from which institution he was graduated in 1904 with the degree of B. D., receiving the same year the degree of A. M. from his Alma Mater. He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1903, and ordained by the same Synod in 1904. He has served the following pastorates inthe Lutheran Church: Goldsboro— York Haven Charge, 1904 to 1907; Frieden’s Charge, Somerset Co., 1907 to 1922; Quickel’s Charge, York Co., 1922 to the present time. He married Miss Beulah R. Miller, May 16, 1906, the cere- mony being performed by Dr. D. T. Koser. YORK CouNTY CONFERENCE 521 MTS ZION LUTHERAN, GHURGH,, YORK COUNTY, PA. (Quickel’s Charge) Rev. J. C. McCarnny, B. D., Pastor There is but little written history of the Mt. Zion Lutheran Church. A number of influential men, Stricklers, Snyders, Smy- sers and Spanglers, came together on a Sunday afternoon. This meeting was held in a place back of the present building. A few weeks later Rev. Mr. Martin, of York City, preached to a similar gathering on the text: ‘James 1:22.” This was in the spring of 1844. At another meeting, the date of which is not recorded, it was proposed to erect a building. It was constructed of logs taken from the surrounding forest. In 1852 the congregation was organized. It was served by Rev. C. J. Deininger for thirty-three years. There were eighteen charter members. His pastorate extended to the time of his death, January 21, 1885. The progress of the church may be measured in a degree by the fact that at that time its membership numbered 200. The Rev. J. H. Leeser was elected pastor May 5, 1889, and served until April 18, 1890. On December 21, of the same year, 1890, the Rev. Adam Stump, D. D., became the pastor of Quick- el’s Charge, and his long and faithful pastorate extended until March 18, 1922, when he departed this life. The present pastor, the Rev. J. C. McCarney, B. D., entered upon his duties on No- vember 26, 1922. QUICKEL’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK COUNTY, PA. (Quickel’s Charge) Rev. J. C. McCarnegy, Pastor In gathering the history of Quickel’s church one has to brush the dust from some ancient volumes. For the history be- gins when the colony of Pennsylvania was only 83 years old. White people had been living in York County for only 35 years. Quickel’s church was then in Dover Township. York had only a few dozen log houses. It had been laid out only 24 years. The Conewagos were still the home for the prowling wolf. The distance or country from Little Conewagoto Y ork could be traversed without going into the sunshine. The roads were difficult to find and hard to traverse. The early members were German people and spoke only German. 522 History OF WEST PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD They were Godly people who loved their church. They traveled many miles to attend services. Services were held first in a building about one mile north- west of the present site. That building was erected in 1763. This property was bought jointly by Lutherans and Calvins from the Penns and contained about 30 acres. The price was $37.73 in our money. The land was deeded to Fred Eicholtz, Ludwig Weir and Henry Shank, in trust for a schoo! house. Such stone house was built and church and school were held in it for about 25 years. But this building proved to be too far west for the center of population. So on March 20, 1770, a tract of land was bought from Michael and Barbara Quickel. This contained about 2% acres. The price was $9.69. This building was made of logs and stood south of the presént church about 150 feet. This church was enlarged in 1793. It served until 1850. The present church was built in 1850. More land was purchased in 1806 and 1856. In 1896 the old cemeteries were about filled. Then 10 acres more were added. ‘The present church was re-modeled in 1881. There are more than four thousand dead buried in Quickel’s cemeteries. In 1797 the membership was 103. During her 157 years her largest membership was in 1886 when she had 425 communi- cants. The pastors who have served Quickel’s are as follows: Rev. Nicholas Hornell, 1763-1765; Rev. George Bager, 1765-1770; Rev. John N. Kurtz, 1770-1789; Rev. Jacob Goering, 1783-1807; (was associate pastor to Rev. Kurtz part time); Rev. John G. Schmuck- er, 1791-1793; 1809-1842; Rev. William German, 1842-1848; Rev. Augustus H. Lochman, 1848-1858; Rev. C. J. Deininger, 1858- 1888; Rev. J. H. Leesér, 1885-1890; Rev. Adam Stump, 1890- 1922; Rev. J. C. McCarney, 1922- : YorRK CouNTY CONFERENCE O20 REV. JEROME MICHAEL GUSS, D. D. PASTOR OF THE RED LION CHARGE Jerome Michael Guss, son of William Guss and Mary Ann Moyer, was born on a farm, in Milford Township, Juniata Coun- ty, Pennsylvania, February 3, 1868. His parents were indus- trious, thrifty, and devoted members of the Lutheran Church. His early religious training in the home was supplemented by instruction in the little country church, known as St. Stephen’s Evangelical Lutheran Church and belonging to the Mifflintown Charge. Here he attended Sunday School, and was confirmed when but eleven years old. His early schooling was _ re- 7 ceived in a country public school. For two years he attended the Mifflintown Academy, and then became the teacher, for two winters, of his home public school. At the age of twenty, he entered Missionary Institute, now Susquehanna University, at Selinsgrove, Pa., from which he graduated in 1891. In September of the same year, he entered the Junior Class of Pennsylvania College, at Gettysburg, Pa. He graduated with the class of 1893. That fall he entered the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, taking the three years’ course, and graduating in June, 1896. On June 8, 1921, bis Alma Mater, Gettysburg College, conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. He was licensed to perform the duties of a Lutheran minister by the Synod of Central Pennsylvania, at Mifflintown, Pa., in September, 1895. He was ordained to the ministry by the same Synod, at Lock Haven, Pa., in September, 1896. During his ministry, he has served the following charges: Duncannon, Pa., from June 1, 1896, to March 15, 1900; Etna, Pa., from March 15, 1900, to November 1, 1910; Middleburg, Pa., from November 1, 1910, to September 1, 1913; Muhlenberg Memorial, Phila., from September 1, 1913, to July 1, 1921; Luther Memorial, Chicago, from July 1, 1921, to May 1, 1923; Red Lion, Pa., from May 1, 1928, to the present time. By faithful preaching of the Word, thorough catechetical in- struction, careful pastoral oversight, gratifying success has at- tended his labors. His success as a mission pastor was demon- 524 HIstorRyY oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD strated in two mission fields, Etna and Philadelphia, making each self-supporting in four years’ time. In every charge he has ereatly increased the membership, developed strong organizations, and done more or less church building. At Duncannon and Middleburg, churches were repaired and remodeled. At Etna and Philadelphia, lots were secured, church buildings erected, and fine parsonages purchased. In the latter fields, his labors were ex- traordinarily fruitful. It fell to his lot to entertain two Synods: the Synod of Central Pennsylvania, at Middleburg, in 1910, and the Synod of East Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, in 1920. He has prepared and read many assigned papers before Conferences, Synods, and Ministerial Associations. He has enjoyed the high esteem of his associates in the min- istry, who have entrusted him with many honorable and responsible positions. He was twice elected delegate to the General Synod. In 1906 he was elected amember of the Board of Directors of the Theo- logical Seminary at Gettysburg. In 1910, he was President of the Pittsburgh Synod. In the same year, he was President of the Pittsburg Inner Mission Board. For four years, he was President of the Pittsburg District Luther League. He has served on many committees of Synod, Conference, and general church activities. On October 28, 1896, he married Evangeline, daughter of Rev. Jonathan Rose Dimm, D. D., LL. D., and his wife, Mary Catharine Hill. At the time of the marriage of his daughter, Dr. Dimm was the President of Susquehanna University. To this union, a son was born—Walter Dimm Guss, who graduated from the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, in June, 1925. Doctor Guss is a great grandson of Rev. John Conrad Walter, a faithful Lutheran Pastor in Central Pennsyl- cania, in the times of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg. EMANUEL LUTHERAN CHURCH, FREYSVILLE, PA. (Red Lion Charge) REV.) VeeGuss sia ePAsToR The history of this church carries us back more than one hundred and fifty years. Some of the land of the present ceme- tery was used for a burying ground as early as 1745. Some of it was deeded by M. Deis to Simon Anstine, Peter Steffy, Peter LeFever, Peter Schmuck, and Conrad Fox, in trust for the two congregations, Lutheran and Presbyterian. In 1884, two and one fourth acres of land, purchased from Henry Stein, a member of the Lutheran Congregation, were added to the cemetery. In YorRK County CONFERENCE 525 1899, a little over three acres were added from this same source, at a cost of $125.00 per acre. The cemetery, since the separation of the two congregations in 1909, remains the property of the two congregations jointly. For many years, the old part of the ceme- tery had been much neglected, and was in a much dilapidated condition. But, in recent years, the whole plot has been leveled up, weeds and briars have been cleared away, tombstones are arranged in uniform rows, and the whole cemetery presents a very neat and attractive appearance. The Freysville settlement obtained its name, as is self-evident, from the early inhabitants. On one of the oldest tombstones is the name of “Anna Frey,’ who died in 1748. The oldest tomb- stone here bears the date 1745, but the name cannot be deciphered. Many graves are unmarked. Some bear illegible inscriptions in German. The oldest tombs have the names carved in English. Within the sacred portals of this historic old church-yard slumber the remains of several patriots of the American Revolution. Freys- ville is only a small village, containing about a dozen houses. But there are three churches; Lutheran, Reformed, and Evangelical. The present corporate name of the Lutheran Church 1s: “HKmanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church of Freysville, County of York, State of Pennsylvania.”’ It was formerly a ‘Union Church,” and known for years as, ‘“Emanuel Lutheran and Reformed Church of Freysville.” The first deed for a church lot was made out for the “Lutheran and Presbyterian Congregations.” For many years of its early history, it was familiarly known as “Frey's Church.” Its familiar name to-day is ‘“The Freysville Church.” Just when the first preaching began at Freysville is a much mooted question. The antiquity of the cemetery would indicate that there must have been public services held in this locality, at a very early date. ‘Tradition says that the first religious services were held in a log school house, located at the north-west corner of the cross-roads in Freysville. It is probable that the pastors of Christ Lutheran Church in York, and at Kreutz Creek Lutheran Church, were frequently called upon to preach at Freysville, long before a church was organized. It is a significant fact, that on a list of male members of Christ Lutheran Church in York, in the time of Pastor Stoever, from 1733-1743, appear the names of prominent early settlers at Freysville, e. g., Conrad Frey and Ludwig Stein. In “Gibson’s History of York County,’ it is re- corded of the Freysville Church: “The Lutheran Congregation was served generally by the same pastors who officiated at the church in Lower Windsor.” Among those pastors were: Revs. Schaum, Hochheimer, Bager, Hornell and Raus, who “conducted missionary services among the early settlers, until 1769.” The first church was founded, March 28, 1771. This is au- thentic according to the deed and other records. The surround- ing land was owned by Conrad Frey, an early settler and a Luth- 526 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD eran, who on the date mentioned above deeded a church lot con- taining one and one half acres, for five shillings, to Jacob Segner, Adam Heindel, Jacob Ruby, Stephen Slifer, in trust for the “Tutheran and Presbyterian Congregations.’ The above men- tioned church lot was located in the field, about two hundred yards from the present Lutheran Church. Several theories are advanced to account for the use of the name ‘Presbyterian,’ in connection with the early history of this church. One theory is: “At a very early date, the German Reformed Church was thought to be the same as the Presbyterian, except that the worship of the former was conducted in the German language.’ Another theory is: “‘At some period the Presbyterians died out, and were supplanted by the Reformed Congregation.”’ Preserved in.an old cedar chest in the Reformed Church, are old receipts and other documents, which prove that the name “Presbyterian”? was used as late as 1820, and even later. Another writes: “An historical fact reveals that the Re- formed and Presbyterians were co-laborers.’’ From all this, we conclude that at first the Presbyterians were associated with the Lutherans in this church. Later, probably, both the Presby- terians and Reformed co-operated with the Lutherans. Then, about 1820, or later, the Presbyterians began to “die out,” and finally the German Reformed congregation was the only other church co-operating. The first church building was erected in 1771. It was made of logs. The spaces between the logs were “chunked,” and had no outside plastering, according to the custom of those times. The gable end and window frames were painted red. The door and inside were painted white. From the boxed door-sill to the floor inside was a step of unusual height, over which full-grown. persons could step without much difficulty, while the children delighted to jump from the door-sill down to the floor inside. But, this picture of those primitive structures is incomplete. Another writes: “They were covered with hand-made shingles, had no chimneys, and often no floors, except the tamped earth. The pulpit frequently was only the half of a hollow tree, hung like a swallow’s nest on the side of the wall. The seats were slabs with legs. No fires were made, except on the outside. Only the carpenter was paid for his work. All the materials were donated, and the other work was gratis. But the life of those log structures, unless weather-boarded, was only from ten to twenty years.” Hence, we find this church undergoing con- siderable repair work, 1801-1803. We learn of this fact from old receipts, preserved in that old cedar chest. These receipts were given for money received in payment for large quantities of “white lead,” “glass,” “shingle-nails,” ‘flooring nails,’ ‘four thousand feet of boards,” ete. About 1820, this church building was once more much improved. It was made higher, weather- YorK County CONFERENCE 527 boarded, and an end gallery added. It is probable that it was this “improved” church of which we read: ‘The church was heated by a heavy plated stove, long enough to receive cord-wood full length.” In 1852, the location of the church building was changed. About three hun- dred yards from the loca- tion of the first building, a brick church was built. This building was located at the corner of the ceme- tery, Where stands the pres- ent Reformed Church. These stirring events came about the close of the long and fruitful pastorate of Rev. Peter Herman. In 1884, during the pastorate Otminevet wuenhart, this church was improved by the addition of a vestibule, tower and bell, re-painted and papered, and re-dedi- eated. Again, in 1890-91, EMANUEL LUTHERAN CHURCH during the pastorate of FReysvitte, Pa. Buttr 1n 1852 eve Vie Vee shatto, “the church was improved by new pews, pulpit recess, new pulpit and altar furniture, carpeted, papered, painted, new chandeliers, and new organ. Who was the pioneer Lutheran preacher when the Freysville Church was organized, in 1771? If there are records in existence that state that fact, they are not known to the writer. Though the old German Record Book of this church shows records of baptisms, as far back as 1777, unfortunately no pastor’s name appears until much later. In the old cedar chest of the church, we find preserved a number of very old: documents and records. In an “Alms Book,”’ are found entries, written in German, as early as 1783. In very neat German handwriting, entries are made in 1785, 1786, and 1787, bearing the signature of ‘“‘Lucas Raus, V. D. M.”’ His name is sometimes written, ‘Rouse,’ and again “Rauss.”? After his resignation of the church in York, in 1763, Rev. Raus was busy establishing and supplying several churches in the vicinity of York, up to the time of his death in 1788. Dr. Stump concludes that it was he who founded the “Bleimeier” Church, in 1758. In 1763, he founded the ‘‘Dover”’ Church. In 1764, he established the “Kreutz Creek’? Church. In 1770, he served the ‘‘Schuster’s’’ Church. In 1772, from origi- 528 History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD nal documents, we know he organized ‘“‘Stehl’s’” Church. Dr. Stump, in a paper on the history of Wolf’s Church, makes the direct statement that Raus organized Frey’s Church. In view of all the facts stated above, we have come to the definite conclu- sion that Rev. Lucas Raus was the Lutheran preacher, who or- gvanized the Frey’s Church, in 1771, and that he supplied it up to the time of his death, in 1788. From German records, under date of 1785, we glean the following names of the church officers: George F. Frey, Jacob 8. Meyer, Jacob Brummel, Peter Wambach, Hans Doerfner, Philip Wambach, Michael Wambach, Johann Meyer, Bernhard Frey, Daniel Koehler, Heinrich Kaltreider, Max Gohnes, Johannes Brandt, Johannes Phenes. From the early ‘Minutes of the Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania,’ we are able to glean many interesting events of the history of the Frey’s Church, events which otherwise would be an absolute blank. The first date in these minutes, referring to this church, is 1792, when Mr. August Ritz is appointed ‘‘Cate- chist’’? of Schuster’s, Sadler’s, Bleimeier’s, and Frey’s Churches, under the supervision of the preacher at Hanover. The ‘‘Cate- chist”’ preached and taught, but did not perform any ministerial acts. In 1793, Mr. Ritz makes report for the above mentioned churches, and Stehli’s in addition. The next year, Mr. Ritz is a “Candidate,” and asks to be transferred to other congregations. In 1795, Mr. George Graber is appointed ‘‘Catechist” for Frey’s, Stehl’s, and Sadler’s. The next year, he reports on his work, but is transferred to another field. From 1797 to 1803, we find no definite reference to Frey’s Church, yet we know from old receipts that the church was undergoing rather extensive repairs, during those years. In 1804, ‘‘various congregations in York County”’ petitioned that ‘‘Catechist’’ Reiman be licensed as a ‘‘Candidate,”’ and it is possible that, for several years prior to this time, he had been caring for these congregations. At any rate, he now be- comes the “Candidate”? over several churches, which are men- tioned in 1806 as: Steltzen’s, Stahley’s, Frey’s, and Salem’s (Strayer’s or Dover). He serves these churches until 1807, when he removes elsewhere. From 1808 to 1811, we find no report. In 1812, ‘“‘the congregations at Stayley’s, Bleimeier’s, Freyen, and Flinchbach’s (Lebanon), in York County, called Mr. Johann Herbst, Jr., who was granted them, provided he passes his ex- amination.’’ He seems to have stood the test, for the next year he makes report on these churches, and has two additional churches added to his charge, viz., Jerusalem (Fissel’s), and Johannis (Sadler’s). We must distinguish between Herbst, Sr., and Herbst, Jr. We know that Herbst, Sr.,. served several other churches in other parts of York County, but we find no record that he ever served Frey’s Church. Hence, we have to reckon only with Rev. John YorRK County CONFERENCE 529 Herbst, Jr. In 1812, he comes to the notice of ‘‘Muinisterium”’ as an “‘applicant”’ for the ministry. Until 1816, he is each year known as “Candidate,” but is now “Ordained” a ‘‘Deacon.”’ This title he carries till 1820, when he is advanced from ‘‘Deacon”’ to the grade of ‘‘Pastor.”” As ‘‘Candidate” and ‘‘Deacon,” then, Rev. John Herbst, Jr., served Frey’s Church, from 1812 to 1819. He removed to Gettysburg in 1819. At meeting of Ministerium in 1819, ‘“‘A-letter from seven congregations in York County, signed by Mr. Herbst, Jr., in which they ask for a preacher, and promise him ample support, ” is re- ferred to a committee. It was resolved that ‘‘The congregations, Kreutz Creek, Schocholy, Stehl’s, and Frey’s be advised to accept Pastor Graber as their preacher, and that some other preacher of our connection be permitted to accept the remaining congrega- tions.’ This resolution, apparently, was not satisfactory, for later in the same minutes we find the following: ‘“Mr. Stecher was given permission to preach, on his way home, to the congregations in York County, which Mr. Herbst resigned, and, in case they call him, permission to accept them.” Rev. Henry George Stecher now becomes the pastor of these churches, and serves them faithfully for a period of ten years. However, some adjustments were necessary at the very beginning of his pastorate. In 1820, Minutes of Ministerlum, we read: ‘“‘A letter from Frey’s and Stehli’s congregations in York County, in which they ask that the synod may make provision so that their congregations might again be supplied with a pastor,’’? was referred to a committee, with instructions ‘‘carefully to consider the letters from Frey’s and Stehli’s congregations in York County.” “The committee which was appointed to consider the circumstances of the Frey’s and Stehli’s congregations in York County, report as follows: We have the honor to report to the synod that we have read the letters of the said congregations and carefully con- sidered their contents. We move that the reverend synod advise Mr. Stecher to serve said congregations, provided they furnish him regular support.” This arrangement seems to have proven satisfactory to all parties concerned, and Rey. Stecher accepted the call. During his ministry here, he lved at Martinsburg (Loganville), from which centrally-located point he served eight congregations: Schuster’s, St. Johannis (Sadler’s), Jerusalem (Fissel’s), Steltzen’s, Strassburg (Shrewsbury), Stabley’s (Leb- anon), Bleimeier’s, and Frey’s (Freysville). He resigned this vast field in 1830, to become pastor at Hummelstown, Pa. In a statistical report to meeting of the West Pennsylvania Synod, in October 1830-1831, the following were listed “Vacant Congregation: Schuster’s, Fissel’s, Steltzes, Strassburg, Sadler’s, Stabley’s, Bleimeier’s, Frey’s.”’ The charge was constituted as above until 1832, when Freysville, Bleimeier’s, Stehh’s (St. Luke’s), and Sadler’s Churches were cut off from the Shrewsbury 530 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Charge (‘‘District’’), of which Rev. J. Kaempfer was then pastor. These cut-off churches seem to have drifted along for years, and had very little service from that time till 1839, when Rev. Peter Herrmann began his labors here as regular pastor. In 1840, a new charge was formed, consisting of the above named churches. In 1842, a new congregation was organized, which erected a church building, naming it Salem’s (Paradise). This congregation, the same year, was added to the above charge. The name adopted for the charge was, ‘““‘The Windsor Charge (District) in York County, Pa.” At first, Rev. Herrmann gave Shrewsbury as his address, then Cross Roads, and later on Windsor. He served this charge until his death, July 7, 1852. Up to the time of the organization of the Windsor Charge, there seem to have been no rules for the regulation of its congre- gations. At all events, on December 26, 18438, representatives of the different churches of the charge met at the house of ‘‘Honor- able Peter Schmuck” in Windsor Township, York County, Pa., to consider the matter of a Formula of Government (“Kirchen Ordnung’’). Investigation brought to light the fact that, in 1821, early in Rey. Stecher’s pastorate, some of these churches had formulated and adopted such aformula. This “Kirchen Ordnung,”’ the convention decided, was still suited to their purpose, only it had, to all appearance, for some time, been lost sight of. The convention, therefore, decided to re-adopt it, and so bring it to life again (“Wieder in das Leben zu rufen’’). This was done at the time and place stated above. Copies of the original ‘‘Kirchen Ordnung,” as well as the re- adopted one for the Windsor District, are being preserved in that old chest in the Freysville Reformed Church. There is also a copy of each edition to be found in the Historical Library, Gettys- burg, Pa. In 1853, Rev. C. J. Deininger supplied Frey’s, Sadler’s and Paradise. But in May, 1853, Rev. J. Kaempfer becomes pastor of the Windsor Charge, and for two years makes report to Synod for three congregations. He is pastor of this charge until 1861, and makes report for four and five congregations. It is probable that he was also serving Bleimeier’s and Stehli’s, for he was pastor at both places in 1852. He also organized the Dallastown (St. Paul’s) Lutheran and Reformed Church, in 1855. From 1862 to 1869, Rev. John Conaway was pastor of the Windsor Charge, and reports to Synod for five and six congrega- tions, except the last year, when he reports for only two. There is reported ‘‘Trouble in the Windsor Charge.’’ In 1870, Rev. Conaway reports from York. He makes report for seven con- eregations. In 1871, Rev. Peter Warner became the pastor of what was now called the “Dallastown Charge.’”? This Charge was formed out of part of the eld Windsor Charge, and recently one of the YorK County CONFERENCE 531 congregations of the Shrewsbury Charge united with it. Rev. Warner continued to serve this large parish till the time of his death, April 17, 1882. On November 1, 1882, Rev. E. Lenhart became pastor of the Dallastown Charge, which was now composed of the following churches: Dallastown, Freysville, Lebanon, St. James’, St. Luke’s, and Blymeier’s. This arrangement continued till November, 1885, when the charge was divided into the Lebanon Charge, comprising Lebanon, St. James’, St. Luke’s; and the new Dallas- town Charge, comprising Dallastown, Blymeier’s, Mt. Pleasant, and Freysville. Rev. Lenhart resigned; May 17, 1886. On July 3, 1886, Rev. Charles W. Baker became pastor, and served until September 1, 1888, when he resigned to accept a call to Dover. In January, 1890, Rev. M. V. Shatto became the pastor. About the same time, Sadler’s Church was added to this Charge. In 1892, Rev. Shatto resigned. He was followed by Rev. A. M. Heilman, March 1, 1892, who had just graduated from the Gettys- burg Seminary. He labored in this Charge until December 1, 1894, when he accepted a call to the Shrewsbury Charge. At the same time, this charge was again divided. Dallastown and Blymeier’s formed one Charge, and Grace Church of Red Lion, Freysville, Sadler’s, and Mt Pleasant made up the “Red Lion” Charge. This field was supplied by Rev. H. E. Berkey, and other students from the Gettysburg Seminary, from December, 1894, to June, 1895. On June 1, 1895, Rev. Berkey became the first regular pastor. He resigned, January 1, 1901, to accept a call to Sharpsburg, Pa. In March, 1901, Rev. Ulysses E. Apple became pastor. Once more this much-divided Charge underwent a change. In Octo- ber, 1901, Mt. Pleasant and Sadler’s congregations withdrew from the Charge, and together with Felton and Lebanon formed the ‘“‘Lebanon Charge.” In No- vember, 1901, the councils of Grace and Emanuel’s Churches met and decided to retain the pastor themselves, and to buy out the interest in the parsonage of the congregations withdrawn from the Charge. In 1905, the entire indebtedness of the par-_ sonage was liquidated amid great Rev. U. E. Appie rejoicing. On February 18, 1909, a most important change was con- summated in the history of the Freysville Church. For 138 years, Doe History or West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD the Lutherans had their interests combined in a “Union Church.” On the above date, they sold out their rights and interests, ex- clusive of the cemetery, to the Reformed congregation, for $2900. The Lutheran Church, having been the first religious organization in the community, it was unanimously agreed to retain the original name ‘‘Emanuel,”’ and to make the title of the church, “Emanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church of Freysville, Pa.” On April 2, 1909, the Lutheran congregation withdrew from the “Union Church Building,” and secured the Evangelical Church for use on Sunday afternoons, until such time as their church should be ready for occupancy. On the old location, the Reformed congregation erected a beautiful brick church, and dedicated it, May 1, 1910. EMANUEL LUTHERAN CHURCH, FREYSVILLE, PA. The Lutheran congregation decided to locate their new church on the tract of land, near the site of the original church, erected in 1771. This property, long known as the ‘‘Fox Farm,” was at this time owned by Horace Welty and Jacob A. Stein, prominent members of the Lutheran Church. One acre of this tract, lo- cated at the south-west corner of the cross-roads, was generously donated by the owners, to be used for church building and parson- age purposes. At the above location, the Lutheran congregation erected a very fine modern brick church. On the front corner is a suitable tower, in which is placed a sweet-toned church bell. As you enter the tower, a door to the left enters a ‘“Chapel’’ or Sunday School YorK County CONFERENCE 533 Room, which will seat about 100. Another door leads from the tower into the Auditorium. Another entrance is fixed at the other end of the Chapel. The two rooms connect with wooden roller partitions. The Auditorium presents a very churchly ap- pearance. The pews are in circular form, the floor is carpeted, altar stands in alcove at the further end of the building, lectern, pulpit, and organ are on a raised platform, windows are beautiful art glass, with emblems and figures, Seating capacity is about 300. Under the whole building is a large basement, finished and equipped for social and other purposes. The church has steam heat and electric lights throughout. The entire cost was about $15,500. It was dedicated, free of all indebtedness, on May 29, 1910, by the pastor, Rev. Ulysses E. Apple. Sermons were preached by Revs. N.S. Wolf, Dr. G. W. Enders, and Rev. Harry D. Newcomer. It was a great day for Lutheranism at Freysville. On September 1, 1918, Rev. Apple resigned, to accept a call to Trindle Springs, Pa. On October 1, 1918, Rev. C. F. V. Hesse became pastor. On December 1, 1922, Rev. Hesse resigned, to accept a call to the new St. Paul’s Charge, composed of the Salem’s and Wolf’s Congregations. On April 18, 1922, the Freysville interests in the Parsonage at Red Lion were purchased by the Grace Lutheran Church, Red Lion. The terms of the transaction were as follows: ‘Emanuel Church, Freysville, accepted as full payment for their interests in the Red Lion property a note for two thousand dollars, said note to be non-interest bearing and non-collectable, as long as the charge remains constituted as at present, and as long as Grace Lutheran Church provides a suitable parsonage.” On May 1, 1923, Rev. Jerome M. Guss, D. D., became pastor, and serves to the present time. He has collected the data for this history. Since the adoption of the new charter in 1909, the following are the names of those who have served, at various times, on the Church Council: J. 5. Douglas, John Peeling, Jacob A. Stein, V. T. Blouse, John Hunt, Benjamin Emenheiser, O. 8. Love, Benjamin F. Stump, Wm. E. Wilson, Ira Riale, Geo. Ritz, J. W. Stine, John H. Ferree, Henry J. Smith, Emanuel Lentz. Owing to limited surroundings in a rural community, this church has never been able to develop a very large membership, but it has nurtured many noble sons and daughters, who have adorned our Lutheran culture and faith, in this and other Luth- eran churches round about. The “Fox Farm’? was the boyhood home of Mr. Albert F. Fox, Washington, D.C., since prom- inent as a member of the Board of Home Missions, Director of the Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, Pa., etc. One of the sons of this congregation has entered the Lutheran Ministry, 534. History oF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Rev. Curvin H. Stein, son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob A.Stein. Rev. Stein is at present the pastor of the Lutheran Church at Lock Haven, Pa. Another, who grew upin St. Luke’s Lutheran Church, moved to Freysville, and was a member of this church when he became a Lutheran Minister, Rev. B. C. Ritz, now pastor of St. James’ Lutheran Church, York, Pa. Along religious lines, this church has exerted an influence greater, out of all proportions, than its numercial size would in- dicate. Inthe community, it has always taken a leading part, Rev. Curvin H. STEIN standing for an elevating, refin- ing, educational influence, as well as for genuine Christianity. For over one hundred and fifty years, it has been a noble institution, giving to the world noted educators and professional men and women, and leaders in every walk of life. It has been injecting the leaven of the pure Gospel into the lives of many gencrations, which have been going forth as a veritable benediction into the community, and throughout the world. The present baptized membership of this church is 101. The Sunday School enrolls over 100. The annual expenditures are over $1000. GRACE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, RED LION, PA. (Red Lion Charge) Rv. J. M. Guss, D. D., PAstor This Church is the ‘‘First Fruits’? of the York County Mis- sionary Committee’s Work, under the direction of the York County Conference of the West Pennsylvania Synod. At a meeting of the Lutheran Minister’s Association of York and vicinity, the subject of establishing new points in different parts of York County was discussed, and it was decided to look up some of the promising places. Rev. A. .M. Heilman, then pastor at Dallastown, was appointed to look up the interests of Red Lion. He reported favorably. Then, in the fall of 1893, the York County Conference appointed a standing ‘Missionary YorRK County CONFERENCE Doo Committee.”’ This Committee made a further investigation of Red Lion, and agreed that this place should have preaching. Rey. A. M. Heilman preached here occasionally during the winter of 1893-94, as did also some of the students of the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary of Gettysburg. The services were held in the Pavilion in ‘‘Fairview”’ (some- times called ‘“‘Fairmont’’) Park. A committee, consisting of Rev. Peter Livingston, G. W. Enders. D. D., Jere Carl, Esq., and GRACE LUTHERAN CHURCH, RED Lion, PA. Edward Helb, Esq., visited the field and selected a lot, worth $500. This lot was very generously donated by Mrs. Catharine Meyer. The lot was deeded to the Board of Church Extension. A Building Committee of three was appointed as follows: Fred- erick A. Schoaff, Jacob A. Miller, and John W. Burger. Under their management, the building of the Lutheran Church was be- gun, during the summer of 1894. The Conference Committee appointed W. H. Ehrhart, a 536 History OF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD student of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, Pa., to look after the new station. He took charge of the work, June 10, 1894. On the same day (June 10), the Corner Stone of the new church was laid. The services were held in Fairview (Fairmont) Park. About five hundred people were present. Rev. W. 8. Freas, D. D., preached the sermon, and Rev. G. W. Enders, D. D., made the appeal for contributions. A liberal offering was re- ceived. After the services in the Park, the congregation pro- eeeded to the site of the new church, corner N. Charles and W. High Streets, where Rev. A. M. Heilman laid the Corner Stone. The Doxology was then sung, and Rev. Peter Livingston pro- nounced the Benediction. Student Earhart, after laboring in the field about a month, effected an organization, consisting of sixteen Charter Members: Mr. and Mrs. John W. Burger, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Free, Mr. and Mrs. Chas. E. Hess, Mr. Chas. E. Mayes, Mrs. Catharine Meyer, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob A. Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick A. Schoaff, Miss Belle Shenberger, Mr. Harry E. Snyder, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel A. Stump. These persons met, on the evening of July 10, 1894, at the home of Mrs. Catharine Meyer, for the purpose of organizing, and electing officers. The Officers chosen were: Elders, Chas. E. Hess and Samuel Free; Deacons, Harry E. Snyder and F. A. Schoaff. Rev. A. M. Heilman was present and assisted in the organization, and installed the officers. On January 26, 1895, application was made for a Charter for the new organization, to be known as “‘Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church of Red Lion, Pa.’’ The Charter was granted February 18, of the same year. On March 17, 1895, Rev. H. E. Berkey, one of the students of the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, who had been. supplying the charge at intervals since December, 1894, preached the first sermon that was ever preached in this church, and was elected its first regular pastor. He continued to supply it at intervals until June 1, 1895, when, having graduated from the Seminary, he took full charge of the work. The Charge, of which Grace Church was now a part, had been formed about December 1, 1894, when Rev. A. M. Heilman resigned the Dallastown Charge. That Charge was then divided, Dallastown and Bleymeyer’s forming a Charge, and the remaining churches, Freysville, Mt. Pleasant, Sadler’s, and the new Grace Church of Red Lion, forming a new Charge, which was known as “The Red Lion Charge.” ‘To this new Charge, Rev. Berkey was called, and began his work as stated above June 1, 1895. At this time, the church building, though begun in 1894, was not yet completed. It was found necessary to take legal YORK CouNTY CONFERENCE Hat steps to compel the manufacturers of the pews to live up to their contract. This they finally did about the close of 1895. In order to be reasonably sure of good weather for the Dedi- cation, it was decided to postpone that service, until the next spring. Accordingly, on May 24, 1896, the church was dedicated. The entire cost, including the lot, was $4819.12. The architect was J. A. Dempwolf. Rev. H. H. Weber, D. D., General Secretary of the Board of Church Extension, and Rev. Prof. J. W. Richard, D. D., Gettysburg Seminary, preached the sermons, and the pas- tor, Rev. H. E. Berkey, read the Dedicatory Service. During the summer of 1895, efforts were made, which finally resulted in the building of a neat and commodious parsonage, adjoining the church. As.it was felt that the funds would not warrant the employment of an architect, the pastor drew the plans and superintended the construction of all the buildings. On October 17, 1895, while the pastor was attending Synod in session in Zion Lutheran Church, York, the parsonage was begun. The pastor’s wife, and Mrs. Rev. W. G. Slifer, and Miss Rose Pitzer of Gettysburg, removed the first ground for the foundation. The house was completed and occupied, March 27, 1896. The cost of all the buildings, including the lot, was about $1750. Horace Welty, who also built the church, was the builder. Though the church had been organized in 1894, no Constitu- tion was adopted until October 14, 1895. Then, at a regularly called congregational meeting, the Constitution was adopted. At the same time, action was taken looking to the admission of this Congregation into the West Pennsylvania Synod. This applica- tion was granted, at the Synod’s meeting in York, a few days later. A Sunday School, numbering 70, was organized, April 1, 1895, with J. A. Miller as Superintendent, G. D. Burger as Secre- tary, and Mrs. J. A. Miller as Superintendent of the “Infant Department.” In 1895, the first Choir was organized by Professor E. C. Ruby, then Principal of the Red Lion Schools, and a member of this congregation. Professor Ruby was leader and Mrs. Berkey organist. Later Professor Ruby entered the Lutheran ministry, and is now pastor of the St. Peter’s Lutheran Church, York, Pa. A Young People’s Society of Christian Endeavor was or- ganized in 1895. Several years later, a Junior Society was organ- ized. In January, 1898, a Home Department of 31 members was launched. During the winter of 1899-1900, the Cradle Roll was organized. In May, 1900, the Helper’s Association was organized. This pastorate marks the period of feeble beginnings, the times of ground-breaking and foundation-laying. The small number of members, and the scarcity of funds, made advance- ment slow and often very discouraging. Rev. Berkey closed his labors as pastor of this church, and began his work as pastor of the First English Church of Sharpsburg, Pa., January 1, 1901. 538 History OF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Rev. Ulysses E. Apple was called to this pastorate, in Jan- uary, 1901, and began his labors in this field, April 1, 1901. To the credit of this charge, let it be known that they did not resort to the questionable method of hearing candidates in order to secure a pastor. Pastor Apple was installed, December 8, 1901. In September, 1901, the Mt. Pleasant and Sadler’s congrega- tions voted to withdraw from the Red Lion Charge, and together with the Felton and Lebanon congregations form the “Lebanon Charge.” This action was ratified by Synod in October, 1901, and immediately the congregations withdrew and called Rev. G. A. Livingston as pastor. This arrangement constituted the Grace Church of Red Lion, and Emanuel Church of Freysville, as “The Red Lion Charge.” At this time, ‘‘Grace Church, Red Lion, was financially embarassed, its members disheartered, and many in- different and scattered. It was believed that the only way to preserve this congregation was for the pastor to concentrate his efforts upon this field.” The great wisdom of this move is seen in the slow, but steady, growth and development of this church. The people rallied about their new pastor with commendable zeal and loyalty, and in less than two years all debts were liquidated, and mortgages were burned amid great rejoicing, September 13, During the next few years many needed improvements were made about the church and parsonage, and all costs were prompt- ly paid. During 1918-14, the Sunday School became so large that the Primary Department had to be transferred to the parsonage. Enlargement became necessary. There were added four class rooms, a basement, kitchen, toilets, parsonage porch, and coat of paint. A new pipe-organ was also installed. Entire cost of all these improvements was over $6000, and all necessary funds were quickly raised. The new building and organ were dedicated, on November 22, 1914, Dr. Weber preaching the sermon. After a long and fruitful pastorate of almost eighteen years, Rey. Apple tendered his resignation, September 1, 1918, in order to accept a call to the Trindle Springs Charge, Mechanicsburg, Pa. The patient and self-sacrificing labors of Rev. Apple, in the Red Lion pastorate, had made a strong and ineffaceable impress upon the church and entire community. It covered the period of seed-sowing, hopeful-waiting, readjustments, and many dis- couragements. Nevertheless, it was a season of substantial up- building, cementing and solidifying of the numerical and material resources of the congregation. On October 1, 1918, Rev. C. F. V. Hesse became the third regular pastor. Many improvements were made about the church, at a cost of about $950. On January 4, 1920, a Building Fund was es- tablished, which by October 30, 1922, amounted to about $8,000. YorRK CouNtTY CONFERENCE 539 On April 18, 1922, Mr. and Mrs. George Fertner offered to the church a gift of a fifty foot lot, on North Charles Street, opposite the church, a parsonage to be erected thereon. Later, Mr. Fertner agreed to build a house on the lot and rent it to the con- eregation for a parsonage. On August 20, 1922, the trustees and council agreed to purchase the house, which was then under construction, and to accept the lot as a gift. In 1923, the fine new parsonage was completed. A garage was also built on the rear of the lot. The entire value of this property 1s now about $12,500. On April 18, 1922, the Freysville interests in the Red Lion parsonage were purchased by Grace Church, subject to certain conditions. On November 5, 1922, the lower story of the old parsonage was occupied by the younger grades of the rapidly growing Sun- day School. The upper story was converted into an apartment, which is now being used by the sexton of the church. The pastorate of Rev. Hesse in Red Lion is marked with many stirring events. Revenues were increased, many new mem- bers were added to the church, Women’s Missionary Societies were revived, new parsonage property was secured. On De- cember 1, 1922, Rev. Hesse resigned this field, in order to accept a call to the new St. Paul’s Charge of the York County Conference, a charge composed of Salem’s and Wolf’s congregations. On May 1, 1923, Rev. Jerome M. Guss, D. D., became the fourth regular pastor. On May 6, 1923, installation services were held, Rev. William H. Feldman, D. D., delivering the charge to the pastor, and Rev. Ulysses E. Apple addressing the congregation. Dr. Guss has compiled this history. The following have served as officers of Grace Church, at various times, since its organization: Charles E. Hess, Samuel Free, Frederick A. Schoaff, Harry E. Snyder, J. Samuel Blouse, ADB a phatto, M.°D.,.C) 8. LaMotte; J. A. Miller, B. Fy Raab, Emanuel Stabley, Henry L. Cramer, Daniel E. Spangler, R. A. Lentz, Jacob K. Kohler, H. W. Etter, George W. Riale, Reuben Spangler, Charles W. Moody, J. A. Gillen, John C. Warner, Charles A. Lentz, Wm. F. Boeckel, G. A. Strobeck, Jacob Wakely, J. Harvey Gemmill, Adam Flinchbaugh, GeorgeSchoen, J. Thomas Grove, Henry B. Tyson, Wallace M. Gemmill, Jacob Streavig, J. Benton Warner, Willis W. Stauffer, Emory E. Saylor, A. H. Uffelman, George Fertner, Harvey M. Keeny, Elmer E. Tyson, Dr. Otto Strock, Roy Seaks, Ervin McCleary. 540 History oF West PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD Rev. E. MARTIN GROVE Grace Church is giving her sons to the Lutheran ministry. Rev. E. Martin Grove, at pres- ent pastor of Bethlehem Luth- eran Church, Harrisburo eee is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Martin Grove. Walter D. Guss, pastor of the Lutheran Church at Delaware Gardens, N. J., is the son of Pastor and Mrs. Guss. George J. Curran, a stu- dent for the ministry, now in Gettysburg College, is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph A. Curran, who while members of St. James’ Church gave two other sons to the ministry, Rev. J. D. Curran, Missionary in Africa, and Rev. A. C. Curran, of the Allegheny Synod. Several other sons in other families are contemplating the ministry. Many children of this church are attending col- leges, and other higher institu- tions of learning. Every department of this church is well organized and in a flourishing condition. The Sun- day School, under the capable Superintendency of Willis W. Stauffer, enrolls 600 teachers and scholars. There is a confirmed membership of 360. A building fund is growing rapidly toward $15,000. A new church is fast becoming a necessity. There is said to be sufficient wealth among the membership to give it a rating near the million dollar mark. Harmony prevails among Rev. WALTER D. Guss the members, and there is promise of a bright and glorious future. FILEY’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK COUNTY, PA. (Rossville Charge) Rev. F. D. Surron, Pastor The Lutheran and Reformed Church known as “Filey’s Church’? was named in honor of the person who donated the YorRK County CONFERENCE 541 ground. ‘This church was organized about 1800. The first build- ing was of logs, and served as a school and chureh and school. It had two rows of desks along the side walls, facing the center desks. The pulpit was a concavo-convex, or like a goblet cut through the center, it being usually called the ‘‘bird cage.” In 1838 it was thought advisable to erect a brick church building of modern architecture. The members of both denomi- nations elected a building committee, two of each denomination, to erect a union church. The building committee was composed of Jacob Hartman, Jacob Coover, and Jacob Heikes. The corner- stone was laid August 20, 1838, and the church was dedicated the same year. Since 1838, the two congregations have been served by the following pastors: Revs. Kempfer, Focht, Rightmyer, Bricker, Dasher, Seifert, Winton, Dietrich, Heilman, Day, Minter, Stump, Ehrhard, Smith, Wiles, Helfrick and Kale. In 1907 Rev. H. A. Althouse was pastor of the Reformed congregation and Rev. George Eveler of the Lutheran congregation. (From George E. Prowell’s History of York County.) The present pastor is Rev. F. D. Sutton, who began his work during the year 1925. ROHLER’S LUTHERAN CHURCH; YORK COUNTY, PA. (Rossville Charge) Rev. F. D. Surron, Pastor KoOHLER’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, YORK Co. Rohler’s Evangelical Lutheran Church is situated in Dover Township, York County, being part of the Rossville Charge. This congregation held services in an old school house at Rohler’s 542 History OF Wrst PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD from the year 1856 to 1870. On December 1, 1869, it was agreed to erect a Lutheran church about one-half mile away from the old school house at the cross roads. The corner stone was laid June 26, 1870, by Rev. Henry Seifert. Rev. A. W. Lilly preached in the morning on the text, Isa. 28:16; and Rev. 8. Dasher, in the afternoon, on the text, Col. 3:11. The collections on this day amounted to $50.00. The first service was held in the new church on September 20, 1870. The Building Committee was: Daniel Snelbaker and Joseph Berkheimer. The elders were Andrew Benedict and Nich- olas Wentz; deacons, Daniel Snelbaker and Elijah Glatfelter. Rev. Henry Seifert was pastor. The following pastors have served: Rev. D. Sell, 1856-57; Rev. J. R. Focht, 1857-58; Rev. 8. Dasher, 1859-65; Rev. M. F. Pfahler, 1865-67; Rev. P. Vanner, 1867-69; Rev. Henry Seifert, 1869-72; Rev. J. Conoway, 1872-73; Rev. M. Studebaker, 1873- 74; Rev. H. B. Winton, 1874-76; Rev. Henry F. Dietterich, 1876-78; Rev. E. Minter, 1878-81; Rev. Dr. Adam Stump, 1881- 84; Rev. A. B. Erhart, 1884-87; Rev. H. A. Dietterich, 1887-90; Rev. R. Smith, 1890-94; Vacant, 1895-96; Rev. Chas. P. Wiles, 1896-1901; Rev. J. E. Zorger, 1901-03; Rev. Geo. H. Eveler, 1904- 10; Rev. H. T. Bowersox, 1911-16; Rev. C. M. Coffelt, 1916-20; Rev. H. O. Harner, 1920-23; Vacant, 1923-25; Rev. F. D. Sutton, 1925-——. The same building that was built in 1870 is now standing. It has been remodeled several times. Preaching services are held every two weeks. Its membership now is about 42. Sunday School is held every Sunday, with 100 members enrolled. ST. MICHAEL'S LULIHERAN® CHURGHSYWORK (CORE as (Rossville Charge) REevV.E. Do Surrony BASTOR The Union Church of the Lutheran and Reformed, and other denominations near Rossville, was built in 1819. It was dedi- eated June 11, 1820. The officiating clergymen were J. G. Schmucker, D. D., J. McKnight, D. D., and Rev. Ebaugh. The old building was removed about 1880. The Lutherans numbering about 200, thought it would be to their advantage to have a building of their own. all din caer ee ie Ploto;, Cas Fike ee ee eae een SU Fishel, Lester A.. 5 Saba boon Preass WS ae gc ee ee eee 307 Friedensaal’s (Seven Valleys)... .550 Geeseys Fo iS.. Pes ee nts a oe 905 Gelwixs Drs coVis eon. ae eto Getty) GavA Deri ee hese ee ee 680 Gladfelter, sae ig Maer mA’. tt ae Tay Gladfelter, CeSier Re ened Mee 29) 55 Gladfelter, Nathan. Sat Rasher Gladfelter, Pabeg tere ee ee 193 Glanding, W. M. B.. 692 INDEX OF PICTURES arlatielten: Welet Seo ca soo TLAULCLLOK ue DID El. a4 oh eee TO CFOCTIN@ I) ACO ere et OUT eS ool LOOU Gale on lVin nn eee teh eee ola Gotw ald, F. (ai one yee es ee 179 Gotw ald, Taher 2 eae eee 190 Grace, Tw o Taverns. eee Aon) Grace, Reco ligi see eee ae a8, Grace, COLE eee ae eh eee he 643 Greencastle Lutheran.. 5304, 000 Greencastle Lutheran Parsonage. 309 Prove misviartines ole, bee O40) Caiscteerome: Vit... ys kee oslo iticoga Vy al ver: WL)... ere. deere 540 Piatere Crlelis lie ce mes. cee 443 Bigcervicrle. Barr i tee ee eo oot MALL WAS ctf See tee sete 516 Prone. LAmMer Hes eu a FO00 Maser VIM IRM Pein 379, 659 BE ste LOC Wins. fete gO ete 659 Pees, JOWNILLeNnTy, ») yan e ye tooe Hartman, ACES Ce Aa ee. ieee 159 Hauer, Daniel J.. Te 574 Pees He oer aye. Se nas Hee iinlialice bon Pa Time eter rise. 2 415 Me LGlisi veel sm tere fe ac meer Ghee Ad2 MeO bvewys Olle bivetee 24 es O00 Henry, Chauncey E. BOO Henry, Michael E., rea § Ee 5 5 Hershey, ON i Gas ae ale oe, roane an 477 1 SA ead SINS SEE Aes oes I AEM 983 Hesse, Willen meio mete ta, E 176 Hollinger, dake NY Dpto Bele end 282. Horick, Rarer bee 360 mere Narles ross... Sones 181 Huber, TAGUry sll er eens br tt On Baier ONAL. boas. oe. Meek cy. 254 Immell, George W.; Sr........... O22 DOCU ORES NOR ae ene oe 976 Jenkins, POU Le. Jerusalem (New Freedon).. Junior Building of Tressler Or- DLR Se ELOMIC geen Msemes tle nt ie menmmerere avid’ S.2. qiase ss) 5: 261 PCLT OL ely, eke Coat eee we OD i LENG Ted Bir 7 ld RED Bea Ae ie 10 Peelers (rte yew te wheres. ee Doe POSSI e rt) OSED Useske tn ook ree 561 iecslern 1 Chemneny axe a tae ee 561 Plmnedinat.:) Olin WA tae eee 0 Pre LOC h bythe, Sen ee i ne 7 Wonlers:( Rossville)a. a. 5e +0 aa O41 rollers Gt iene ane) Go 246 Prsecrei avid Lae. te eee 168 loo CERI Ad CAROLE pa bece ie tds i 169 foun harles, Hae es. ee 693 Tenmp, William Ase ae oe eee Oe Rain kie: Jen. (ta aie emer dec oOO Beach 4D aes ss was eae eee OO EPebanonstlebanon ja. eae A9( Lele.) Oln, DleCnry 2a) eee Oo 2 Linde Rh alnltaweerkwen we pa Oa Tobe we LLArOld op ee ees 271 TIVIN OStOls Gc tA os et ot ets Coe 456 Livingston se eters... et te 653 Bochinon este # Five.’ v8 acre 634 mongenecker, A branes see Lower Frankford Lutheran......371 ilanges, Hdmund tn 9. ede 167 INE Wetatel Fob Cielebar tial (Gy) 20 ae oe bos 498 IVE alae POE ials eas, «Ao Rae ee ee 640 Martin Eleni yoy et ey ene ne oo IWPAULEI a CGD Liga eueners ess AVF Memorial, Shippensburg........ 416 INIenGeS Sl cer lamer. ne aan ee oo 674 VIED OCS Well ee ee eee 7 © Messiah Church Council, York. .646 WViessialiltall toasts ee or ee eee IVIGSSIAD RY OL fem tern eet wee 644 Metzger, J. A.. Pe katt eee ar) NICE ee Liptay eee te « 384 Miller, BU ELLD CSPUVW eee geet Mitek cee teen SPA Miller, Mahlon S.. Be eee 10) Mortensen, Ludwig (OE ahibeiad A32 Moul, TAob tL emer ae 265 Mountz, San Vi ge een ed oe ee ee 287 VED wilere 2 Kee eee aerate ee 263 . .204 S518 Mount Carmel (Mt. Carmel).. Mount Holly Springs Lutheran. Mount Joy (Mt. Jov).. Be PATS MounteZion Lutheran et) A474 Whollen aA [berig@ ea. eee IViviers,2 miele ene ee ese. a, 465 New Seminary Building......... hie Nicely Georges Winwts eels eer INAS Och.) ee eee ee gee Original WA Cad clive eer eee 114 Original College Buildings a Gampuss We ree one © ee 16 Over, etc pet a ag 5 Oyler, IW IVa CKGyeee ery aoe eee O22 Presidents Women’s Missionary SOCLCL Vises gree Uae taspents 105 aver.) aCOD se ae ee aeons, OOO Rehmayer, LOUSs Piven ee 494. Rodis Pe) ON TEN aera rn eee 0 PudisulbUViarting | ae een sees 188 Reighard, John Ae) een nee 402 Richards eee) Mee ee oe 694 Pipes ACMUMUON shone ete oct 152 Ruby, Edward C.. AOD. PRU ELE at eae a Cee eh OO.L ode gaia BUNS sung a chee oe Pee oe Ae 458 SAIS AAC ODUS: | cab) mime ie taolts A84 Salem, INL ATION.. 0 eases tc oO Salem (GH ek namin at tg O40 STEM GRASS ey Ed DH age Mie Pe Sey ee 616 SOMO GC6GLSe ism bese alee, 15k SCHL LZR Vir leas) eer ca ayer aie er as 429 Sanders), Charlessh ®icp cetera 183 SGhmuUGkernws sae ee eee ae 10 second; Chantbersburg.:..., ..a.020 Second German, Carlisle. . 314 GU LUM MV Vice Dict Ware Ritts wes are cee 174 Sharp, IVE See te Ae Oar ee DAS pletion. Geet wn. cae eee eee Zio Shepperd, J. Wiley... Shrewsbury Lutheran Parsonage S71 Shulls nara a oe) Seem Bee Slifer, Wii Ge Sat cee tan Seba Zs Cock 418 Smith, E. M.. Oe Way Oe Smith, Mervin E.. ee Le Solomon’ S, Grindstone Hill. . 398 Spangler, Edward A............ 561 Spanwlerstienry Re...) kee eke AY LOCK: SARS aie ete a ee 296 Stein, ee in see: eae eae Dee Stock, HeBie eee ee emer D DELOCKS, DeRIR OV. sr eecy ge sae eka 186 SLUM peA Calne) pene ee OL pwoope: Williams oo 293 St. Bartholomew’s (West Man- OLN joes eats ate ce este 283 St. David’s (West Manheim)... .284 Sige ACODian CllersOn ate ee A85 St. Jacob’s (Muhlenberg).......507 St James Ghanceford)25. 4. > 444 St. James’, , Gettysburg.220, 223, 225 St. James’, Hallam. . 481 St. James’, (Upper Frankford). 428 St James’, Wrenksvilless seae Soy 209 St; James’, OLE: ee ae oe aie, 648 St. John’s, Abbottstown........ 194 St. John’s, Boiling See oi ares 2390 St. John’s (Dillsburg).. 158 Sie) Onis: Greenvillage.. -.. 346 Sigs Olines Milani pL Olle aan 2, Stas ohnis (Lebanon) A ( Seaees. eRe A490 St. John’s, Littlestown.. Lah St. John’s; Mercersburg... 3; .4 aa8) St. John’s, New Freedom....... ony) ot. Luke's, (Chancelord sew. 448 StrlLuke’s, SCotlanGemes 9a ae aoa Steluke's,.Willianison tessa! SU Lkerse ey Onkwe wer eaten ene 651 Staveark s; Elanovier wan iene 26 StaMark’s’ Heidlershurca).. sen 27D INDEX OF PICTURES St. Mark’s, West Fairview...... A433 otrdVark'ss Y.orkaieee ars canes 655 St. Mark’s Parsonage, York..... 656 St. Matthew’s, Hanover... meant 250 St. Matthew's, York... . ; St. Paul’s, Big Cove Tannery... 376 Stab aul sCarhcleaesan ie eee 315 SL Paul’s, Dillsburs a) peyaeee 458 st. Paul’s, Fayetteville....4. ....349 StaPaul's, Felton eee ee A90 St Paul's hametown we aa 166 St: Paul's: Donoveraw sete ee 253 St. Paul’s, Harney, Md.. 240 Slatauls, Littlestown. . /. moe Se Pauls, MeConnellsburg... ea far St. Paul’s, ae nel ya 1 au) St. Paul’s Mt. Carmel).. 28s, 209 St. Paul’s, Mt. Pleasant.. Me) St. Paul’s (Muhlenberg). . PEE eeOUD St. Paul’s (New Chester). 275 St. Paul’s, New Cumberland... : “393 Sta Paul’ 5. Newvillesee) ase A408 pl. Pauls Salem). .e4 igen eee 548 St. Paul’s (Seven Valleys)... ... 2056 St Paulis!.s pring: Groves eee 973 Sit Paul’s, (Sv Pamiise Meer iysss, St. Paul’s (West Fairview). aes: 438 St. Paul’s (West Manheim)......286 SU Paul say ork. .663 St. Paul’s’ Auditorium, York... . .666 st..Paul’s, York Haven.. ey 388) St. Peter’s (Muhlenberg). AY wt. Peters (Upper Frankford). pope St. Peter’s (Upper Frankford). . .427 st. Peters.) Y orkies ten) apeneeaeee 669 St. Stephen’s, New Kingston... .405 Stuotephen’s: plone sins St. Thomas Lutheran........... 420 ‘Thomas, 1326 alin seen Sy aaN ee 289 ‘Lome, olin 5 ee ae ae ee paype§ Wraud. Walt else ree 603 sareibley) DMB i ya) ae, see eee ADA cLrindle Springs Lutheran gan A424. Trinity, Arendtsville............199 Drinity: Camps Fila ee eee 294 irinity,:Ghaimnbersbursa. saeeres a Trinity sast:Berin Gere, eee 196 Trinity, Fort Loudon... ae 421 Trinity, Jetlersena 2 eee 187 Ayinity,..Wemaster ss a ee 363 ‘irmity, Memoyne:..4..0 04 Trinity Geven Valleys)... .. 7.563 Trimty,. Mechanicsburg en eee oO Trinity,¢wWrightsyille. fe eee) oe ‘Urinity ny ork. einer eee ee 671 Trinity Parsonage, Camp Hill. . .295 INDEX OP PICTURES Union, York, Chapel Interior... .677 Union, York, S. S. Chapel and Ad- ministration Buidingh + oe 676 Wagner Alpheus, Eon, i.4).2 e213 gener va Dit rate e te OO Wremiere CsllNLON Listed oats oo. aco 662 nyeener se Hdward 25. . 68s. h es col Pieroles tol inte Sear teh, reas 295 peor ange oh Sen er knit ret Sa, Dae Nemerisenry Bbw poet ee. OUT Wolf, Sal ec, Ae ena Ket Aa a 470 695 DYIOUITOSS ele Fe ee Na re eee ire 267 Zion Auditorium, Fairfield...... 21%, ZAO Lice CULO Le ae en ee te ee ele ZAOT Gs ALL 1G omens See eee rt os ZAC ClCDR ER OCKi cee ee et en, Cee 468 Zions GOLOSDOrG tea ee eee 476 ZiG A) CLLETSOM) eee ake wee ee A88 Zions Newville oa. 4 ea 410 ZION, StOUSHSEOWa eas 1 ek OL Z,TON YN OURS er ee eR Nach ete 681 INDEX OF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ATIStaG Lely. nen ee weer wal ke Arnold, ‘Clarencé: Bites fers 670 Baker, HalphieW 2 ise 5% opens: 211 Bell? Albert. co. wean seen 649 Bergstresser, Ralph H.......... ORV Berkey, Harvey. ie wena 4 ele Bickel, Harvey ze ny see Od Bower, Hin. fae see wae 600 Bowersox, ‘(Georde ite, 2.43 eons 567 Bowman, Earl Stet sane 218 Brennemanyss Wiser: .a9t «eae 489 Brown; James Allen... .6 43.0. soe 685 Brown, Willian Ee... cae 657 Burgereay Vester Caner, mee 185 Burkholders: Hainan. JO Bush siuekettsA -G.2e ae ces CLULZALACOUSA Ce eager oS os eg ee CoblegOlivercs|) att a wae 202 Cotrelts Harryak's iss <0 as ies 413 Coover, NMelanchthonse... 2-22 ee 75 Culler, Silas Pia 7 ee hoe Gare OsCar Gee eke 2 ee 2a. LOW OWe ABN gS, Aig.) bah it |< ree ee) 483 Ely aGeorge:D . eee ee 198 Enders, Geouge. Wa J tae eae. ae BADCY, NN C1 8C. ae ts eee ee 187 Fissicke AWOTai sinaee tae See 686 Everett; (WET G2... 2 eer 688 Palkenstein; Blwogds. © ee, 6 407 Rastnach (N= Cote ee 165 Pink) Russell. Meo... os eee 189 BLO LOE re aren cei Sty ian ene 389 CrOOS6 yon Lee S ease ee, ee! 505 Gethya Gr rAl Deriee: 28 ir eect y 680 Gladielter Paul: cn aes, eee 193 Crotwald perederick. Gs sr say wee 179 Cotwalds Da ber vse. ee 190 (gues ©) CrOnleeM se vc eee D2 Floaters (olen im te es eee 443 PLOMISH emai Mi fe pen 379 Hartman, A. Stewart........:..159 TICUG@) oie. 8, oe dS Tiegmoan see rani, oe eee A415 PIONCH, S0L tr. heat, ean eee A452, TersheyieG. bie aes, vie a 477 Piessew (2s Fed. oe ae cee ene Pesse Win: ote. to te ee 176 Hollinger; AW 2 eee eee 282 Horick, Paul J 26m)... a) een OU Huber, Charles Hoo". Se 181 Hummer, Jobnjl ee. 2 eee ae 254 Jacobs, (GAB ae. sek eee 7C Jenkins, JONI). geet eee 409 Kammerer, David S..: 12 eee 261 Koser, David: 2. ine... 168 Kuhlman, Luthero. 342) 169 Kump, William A, eee er Lehn, John Henry... 2.0 25 sen eee Lilly, A; W....05 39 687 Lind, Ralph Weo.5 7e ee 045 Little, J..Harold.> 2275 ae paral Livingston,, George Ac... ee 456 Isevingston, Peter... 2.0.) eee 653 Longanecker, Abram R... sA23 Wanges, Edmund... <2.) ee 167 Manifold; John’ H.; Cee. ee A498 Martin, Charles.2::...). 2... 686 Martin; David’S: -s0 2 ae 640 Maurer, Jacob... .. .. een Ls McCarney, J.C... 5..45 ae? Miller’ GoEe 2 2.5 hn, oe Miller, Mahlon S.. . oC EO Mortensen, Ludwig Co. ae 432 Mountz, CMa a 287 Mowrer-B. K.:, 0, 263 Mullen, Albert O.. | oe eee Myers, ‘eck: VM... 2 ne 465 Nicely, George W.. 2... seen 230 Richard, Ralph’ BR... eee 24 Ratz,.Bs Clinton. .22 5. ae 647 Ruby, Edward: C2ex2) eet Rudisill, Martin’ ba 188 Saltzsiver) (Wi. Ha > ene 642 Sanders, Charles v.25 ee 183 Scholl, George: ©. =... en ae 151 Scitultz;- William: Je = s9 eee 429 Scott We DAE... =e). a 174. Sharp, MoS. 27.5.5 0. 343 Sheffer, -George*E.7 2... eee pars Slifer, W.: Gs, bs ee 418 Smith, Mervin, E...:8.. )) eee Spangler, Henry iis... a 472 Steck), A>’ Rue, sn09 hae ee 296 Stock, HarryaB’.. 3. 2.) eee ee strock,-J..R0Y<...4.. ee 186 Swoope, William 1.2 5:0 2 geet ‘Thomas. Batin:. .... 3.) ae 289 ‘Lome, Jobn.S 3.7. 7). ee Deut daraub Walter Litas Nak eee 603 reibley,:D..B..,.. 3.) eee 404 Wagner, Alpheus Eee). Saget Wagner, Ralph .L... 1.37 Soe Walter, Clinton E:... ) a 662 Wolf. B...2ovigag.. ee 172 Young, Leslie: Ky ..4.). . eee 267 a ir yy We 48 iy Med euler. pyiad Hotes