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Descriptive catalogue genizah fragments in of aa: Oy, Pay » . inert ry, Rea Moy ee A Vint ate ah ae hte id wi ee _ r ‘ . : vie ny: sy, ih ’ { ik Ae) vn he i - ea 8 ie Pi asa ait t ey ae * He Di eh ii Grol OGwE OF GEINTIZA EH PREG WE NOBSy JUN) Ta GHssVBIDI Erol Ps) Dits Cie e On NE OG UE OF GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN ra lL NOIRE eleva ExY: BA EB Ree a ee ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF COGNATE LANGUAGES, THE DROPSIE COLLEGE PHIVADELPALTA THE DROPSIE COLLEGE FOR HEBREW AND COGNATE LEARNING 1924 os oP = es , ayo a” i by > : e : — <7 ‘7 x ® » fa 5 « Ss 7 7 ~ © . - 4 : To T, : a A a7 ~ “i a 7. pant AG i pa ‘ Ar 7 ay P 4 rs 7 ee y” 4 “" mire i : vu aj , w ’ es } t : ‘ aoe a vs i hee Pray ae: Ji t - : a = oe = A. . . | PRINTED AT THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY PRESS A — PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. LO DOCEORSGY RUS eA ULE PIONEER COLLECTOR OF GENIZAH- FRAGMENTS ONT OCCASION OFTHE SIXTIHIH ANNIVERSARY Diese bl hi HGS ei Dicks 13701923) CONTENTS EretaloryniN GUG@) fei: ee aoe eee See eel ee eee 9 I. Bible (Texts, Translations, Commentaries, Glosses, and Gram- OE: ha Ree ete ONL pias echt eM ier Sie ara koe Ncare ahead EN 14 II. Talmud, Midrash, and Halakah (Texts, Translations, Commen- Cantesta NC MIDICLION alles mewn mr ee eee nee ke On 4) Teele CLIO Vareed Wisc Ser an Wire ane sae ae ON on eel Peek i cig os oe 86 ENP Secu la uer Obl hye wee ae othe Gnesi evn Ts cinta: ewes 166 Meevocitinents and: elterscas aceon. oe os bt Chee iS WIMpiOsepuveandsisaDpalal a. wil awee oN gn eee aes 208 Mile wviiscellancous, Gviedicine,.f olk-loré, etc.) -..22 7.202. 2 214 EAGESCOION BIGGS ann Meta stat See cers Gale ath a ce tae, A le pp | PREFATORY NOTE THE various Genizot of the Orient, especially that of the Old Cairo synagogue, have for centuries preserved some important remnants of Jewish literature which were unknown until comparatively recent years. The publication of all the fragments would undoubtedly throw a flood of light upon Jewish history, would enhance our knowledge of the various branches of Jewish literature, and would clear up many obscure phases. But owing to the hugeness of the task and the lack of special funds for this purpose, any publication on a large scale is for the moment out of the question. The most that we can expect in the near future is to have a complete catalogue of the various col- lections stored up in European and American libraries. For one reason or another, only three catalogues of Genizah fragments have hitherto appeared, those of the Bodleian Library, of the British Museum, and of Elkan N. Adler.! It is to be hoped that the present catalogue, which is confined to the description of Genizah fragments in the city of Philadelphia, will prove of value to scholars. The fragments described in the following pages form five main collections which were purchased at different times. Dr. Cyrus Adler acquired his fragments while in Cairo in 1891, that is, about five years prior to Professor Schechter’s famous ‘expedition’ to that city. The Honor- able Mayer Sulzberger, Professor David Werner Amram, Dr. Herbert Friedenawld, and Professor Camden M. Cobern subsequently obtained their collections, which presumably hail from the Orient (most of the fragments seem to be 1 Neubauer and Cowley, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, vol. II, Oxford, 1906; G. Margoliouth, Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts in the British Muesum, London, 1899-1915; Catalogue of Hebrew Manu- scripts in the Collection of Elkan Nathan Adler, Cambridge, 1921. 9 10 PREFATORY NOTE from the Cairo Genizah), from various dealers. Dr. Adler, Mr. Sulzberger, and Dr. Friedenwald donated their col- lections. to the Dropsie College, while Professor Amram presented thirty of his fragments to the University of Penn- sylvania, seven to Mr. Ephraim Lederer, and six to the Young Men’s Hebrew Association of Philadelphia. The Dropsie College purchased the Amram and the Cobern Collections, and Mr. Lederer kindly presented his fragments to the same institution. Accordingly, all the fragments described in this Catalogue, with the exception of those at the University of Pennsylvania (marked U. P.) and at the Young Men’s Hebrew Association (marked. Y. M. H. A.), are in the Dropsie College Library. Although these fragments were acquired at random, they practically represent all branches of Jewish literature. Fven the fourteen fragments in the Friedenwald Collection contain Bible, Talmud, Liturgy, Kabbalah, and ethical works. In the Amram and Sulzberger Collections there is a comparatively large number of legal documents and letters, a good many of which are of great value for the study of Jewish history. Owing to the multiplicity of subjects, the task of identifying these fragments is by no means an easy one. My difficulty was enhanced by not having a complete collection of Hebraica and Judaica at my disposal for ready reference. It was only by a thorough and careful perusal that I was able to identify nearly all the fragments. In many cases a mere guess or chance put me on the right track. The few fragments that still remain unidentified are so minutely described that any one familiar with the subject will have no difficulty in recognizing them. Some years ago Dr. Cyrus Adler had begun to work on a few of his fragments, and I found his notes very useful. The branches of Jewish literature that gain most by PREFATORY NOTE 11 these fragments are undoubtedly, as is the case with practically all Genizah collections, Halakah and Liturgy, especially the latter. In the liturgic codices, mainly in the Adler Collection, we meet some names of hymn writers who were either entirely unknown or whose hymns have rarely been preserved. Mention may be made of Nissi al- Nahrwani?—that blind scholar who had been offered the Gaonate by David b. Zaccai before Sa‘adya was appointed Gaon*—whose Confession was erroneously ascribed to Nis- sim b. Jacob of Kairuwan. There is no reference to him in Zunz’s Literaturgeschichte der synagogalen Poesie, and only two of his hymns are recorded in the Catalogue of the Bodleian Library; but from his hymns and Selihot, pre- served in No. 275 and other fragments, it may be inferred that Nissi was a prolific paitan. Incidentally we learn that his father’s name was Berechiah.4 The same codex has preserved a series of piyyutim by Joseph ibn Abitor, based upon the fifteen Songs of Ascents (Psalms 120-134). There is every reason to assume that the poet composed fifteen piyyutim, all beginning with oY. In this codex we find six complete piyyutim and the beginning of a seventh belong- ing to this series constructed on a definite plan, a full description of which is given in this Catalogue. Zunz° only knew of two of these hymns (the second and the third, the latter of which he hestiatingly ascribes to this author), and did not detect their intrinsic connection. Altogether about two hundred and fifty piyyutim have been recorded in this Catalogue. Owing to the circumstance that the greater part of these liturgic compositions are either still unpub- * Although in all acrostics the spelling of this paitan’s name is ’D°}, it seems to be merely a case of plene writing. Accordingly, this name is abbreviated from 0°D3, just as *D) is the shortened form of -}DY. It is, however, possible that ’D’] is a Persian name similar to °’M, and has nothing to do with Dl] or O’D). Should this assumption be cor- rect, the transliteration of this name would be Nisi. 3 See Neubauer, Mediaeval Jewish Chronicles, vol. II, p. 80. 4 The full name is found in the acrostic of No. 275, 43. 5 Literaturgeschichte der synagogalen Poesie, p. 179, Nos. 42, 43. TZ PREFATORY NOTE lished or inaccessible to scholars, I deemed it advisable to describe their structure as minutely as possible. The alpha- betic arrangements employed by the paitanim being of various kinds, it is insufficient to describe them merely as a"8 or p’wn. In many cases the alphabet or the author's name is so skilfully and intricately worked in as to be baf- fling at first sight, especially when the writing is faded and the lines are continuous and not separated by dots. The hymn of Samuel the Third, or Fourth (No. 252, 8), may serve as an illustration of this point. In ascertaining whether a piyyut had ever been published, I was aided by my friend, Professor Israel Davidson, of the Jewish Theo- logical Seminary of America, who has examined all printed works housed in the Seminary Library, and given a detailed account of each piyyut and poem occurring in them. I here- with wish to express my gratitude to him for his kindness in putting at my disposal his manuscript work which is a veri- table Thesaurus of Liturgic Poetry, supplementing Zunz’s Literaturgeschichte der synagogalen Poeste. Of peculiar in- terest are also the fragments of Azharot in Jewish-Arabic (Nos. 262, 263, belonging to the Adler and Friedenwald Collections, respectively). That they represent two in- dependent poems is evident from the different systems of enumerating the 613 precepts which they presuppose. Another liturgic poem in Jewish-Arabic is the translation of Judah ha-Levi’s famous poem 72 °9 (No. 282), which is also known under the title PI0N 7. On the basis of some fragments it may be asserted that there was a vast literature, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer in its various rami- fications, only faint traces of which have been preserved. Among the talmudic fragments and the documents, attention may be drwan to the Arabic original of Hefes b. Yasliah’s Book of Precepts (No. 121; published, Phila- delphia, 1915); the extracts from the Yerushalmi (No. 85); PREFATORY NOTE 13 the twenty-two parchment leaves of the “Aruk (No. 97) which prove that the author divided his Dictionary into books and chapters in the manner of Arabic lexicographers; the Arabic translation of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah (No. 133); the autograph responsum of Abraham the son of Maimonides (No. 159). Foremost among the documents is Sa‘adya’s letter, addressed to his three pupils in Egypt (No. 332), which was published by Schechter in his Saadyana, pp. 24-6, and served as a connecting link in the Ben Meir controversy. This fragment is part of a codex which prob- ably contained historical letters or documents relating to this controversy similar to the compilation of H. J. Born- stein (Warsau, 1904). Although this document is not the original, it is indisputably Sa‘adya’s, as may be seen from the four lines, in Arabic script, which were omitted by Schechter. Other documents that may be cited here are those relating to Masliah ha-Kohen, Gaon of Egypt in the first half of the twelfth century (Nos. 342, 343); the legal document drawn up in the court of Daniel (No. 346); the edict issued by Abraham the son of Maimonides (No. 347). On the whole, these documents reveal some interesting details in the inner life of mediaeval Egyptian Jewry. I BIBLE (TExts, TRANSLATIONS, COMMENTARIES, GLOSSES, AND GRAMMAR) Part of a codex of the Pentateuch with masoretic notes. Gen. 6. 5-7. 3. First column of recto begins with nv7 (6. 5), and the last legible words of the second column are [Man|7 ms (6. 14). First column of verso begins with mbon TON (6. 16), and the second column ends with map (7. 3). One parchment leaf, badly damaged and obliterated, measuring 72> 72 ins. (= 18.7 18.2 cms) = There seem: 108 Daves Decnmtne columns to a page, and the number of lines ranged from sixteen to seventeen toacolumn. The text is in bold, beautiful square character, vocalized and accented, while the masoretic notes are in a smaller Hance ceVigwit a 2 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch with masoretic notes. Gen. 10. 14-12. 15. Fol. 1a begins with o’onnd-nx) (10. 14); the last legible line is nx [57] jup (10. 26); 1b begins with baiy-ne) (10. 28), and ends with wr (11. 6); 2a continues 1b, and the last legible line is MNpd aby) maw (11. 15); 2 b begins with 1>b-ns (11. 17), and ends with np” (11. 29); 3a continues 2b, and the last legible line is }7MIa wy (12. 5); 3b begins with noo (ibid.), and ends with 187) (12. 1S Three parchment leaves, badly damaged, measuring 8X8} ins. (=20.3 X20.9 cm.). There are two columns to a page and seventeen lines to a column, besides several lines of masoretic notes above and below the text. Bold square character, with vowel-points and ac- cents. The masoretic notes are in a smaller hand and unvocalized. [Amram]. 3 Gen. 14. 24-15. 18. The first legible word is Dwinn (14. 24). The column ends with 14 BIBLE 15 main (15. 18). There are a few fragmentary lines of the next column containing 17. 7-13. A piece of parchment, badly damaged, forming part of a Scroll of the Law. A little over a column has been preserved. Size 15373 ins. (=40X19 cm.). Bold square character. [Amram.] 4 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Gen. 27. 7-30 16. Fol. 1a begins with mx) (27. 7), and the last legible word is Yas (27. 34); fol. 1b begins with mx) (27. 37), and the last legible word is M78 (28. 12); fol. 2a begins with ’n 47 (28. 15), and the last legible word is [J7a]ys (29. 18); 2b begins with nx (29. 23), and last legible word is [aD}w (30. 16). There are variants in orthography and vocalization. While this codex tends to scriptio plena, there are examples of defective writing of words which are plene in our masoretic text. D2 for ab 27, 9) siaysa for 3292 (27. 10)? TAR? for THN? (27. 29); T2102) for TIM (27. 33); mx before jxxm (29. 3) is repeated twice, and there is a line through ]&¥7; IPNpHA for WHIpPHA (29. 26); DR for 28 (30. 1). Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 83X13 ins. (=21.933 cm.). There are three co- lumns to a page, and there must have been about twenty-six lines to a column; but the lower part is torn off, and only about eleven to seventeen lines have been preserved. Large square character, vocalized and accented. Masoretic notes on the margin in a smaller hand. [Sulzberger. | 5 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Gen. 37. 9-35; 41. 24-50. Fol. la begins with mim Ny (37. 9), and 1b ends with 7758 (37. 35). Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with yaw mx (41. 24), and 2b ends with 0712 (41. 50). The vocalization is faulty, and there are some orthographic variants. npn for NOY (37. 10); “28 for “38 (2bid.); POY for POY (37. 14); WIP) for Wr (41. 32); 8$237 for 8¥DI7 (41. 38); Fm for Jnx (41. 41); NBS for NBS (41. 45); TPIND for M7IND (41. 48). Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 93718 ins. (=24.8X20.1 cm.). There are two columns to a page, and twenty-two lines to a column. Beautiful square character with vowel-points. [Sulzberger.] 16 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 6 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 1. 9-17. Recto begins with mby (1. 9), and verso ends with rapruprs (cin. ib While this leaf seems to belong to an accurate codex, the orthography differs somewhat from that of our Masorah, as Nm) instead of mm) (1.9), and 572° instead of 542° (1. 17). One paper leaf, measuring 93 X64 ins. (=24.816.4 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. Bold square character, vocalized and accented. [Sulzberger.] 7 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 1. 14-3. 3. Fol. la begins with 27pm (1. 14), and 1b ends with ow (2. 1); 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with mwyn (2.7); 3a continues 2b, and 3b ends with [2]1pn (2. 14); 4a continues 3b, and 4b ends with apn by (3. 3). It is part of a very carelessly written codex. While the orthography generally agrees with that of our Masorah, there are numerous mistakes in the letters. 2 and 5 are frequently confused. The codex does not seem to be the work of a professional scribe. Four paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheets of a fascicle. Size 635} ins. (=17.4X13 cm.). There are nine lines to a page. Square character with sporadic vocalization. [Sulzberger.| 8 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 11. 40-12. 7; 13. 26-42. Fol. la begins with rma (11. 40), and 1b ends with 707 (12. 7). Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with MSV ON) (13. 42). There are some orthographic variants and scribal errors. On the whole, the codex seems to have been carelessly writ- ten. 9m for qb (11. 42); jm for pm (ébéd.); onNovN for DMOwN (Kere onxpon, 11. 43); onwsapm for onetpnm (11. 44); nun for sawn (11. 47); ree for nwdw) (12. 4); wa for wan (12..6 2a pppatdr sppyaiake tas 7% mnvp> for mnwp-xd (13. 28); last NIN (zbid.) and ova oywavn (13. 34) are omitted. Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 43X33 ins. (=12.48.8 cm.). Number of lines ranges from nineteen to twenty-one to a page. Square character. [Sulzberger.] 9 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 16. 18-32. Recto begins with m7” 1255 -we (Lev. 16. 18), and ends with BIBLE 1g O>nwD) m& (16. 29). Verso continues recto, and ends with wtpnm 12 (15492): A parchment leaf, badly mutilated, measuring 10394 ins. (=26.824 cm.). There are two columns to a page, and the number of lines to a column ranges from nineteen to twenty. Verso has only half a column of ten lines, the rest of the page being blank. Beautiful large square character. [Amram.] _ 10 Part of the Pentateuch. Lev. 15. 33-18. 1. The first legible word on column 1 is mapidy (15. 33); it ends with mim (16. 14). The first legible word on column 2 is OoOnxUN (16. 21); it ends with wad) (16. 32). The first legible word on column 3 is oan (17. 10); it ends with nwo (18. 1). A piece of parchment, which may have been part of a scroll, as the writing is only on one side. It is badly damaged on all sides, except the lower part, and contains about two and a half columns. Size 154X181 ins. (=39.3 46.3 cm.). Highest number of lines pre- served on a column is twenty-eight. Verso is blank. Beautiful large square character. ([Sulzberger.] li Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 16. 31-17. 2. Recto begins with omy) o55 xn (16. 31), and verso ends with [oxnier oon S95 Sy (17. 2). One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 64 X43 ins, (=16.5X11.8 cm.). There are nine lines to a page. Large square character, vocalized and accented. [Y. M. H. A.] 12 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch (Hebrew text and Targum), Lev. 23. 10-20. The Hebrew text and the Targum are given alter- nately, verse by verse. Recto begins with N7D1y m (Targum of 23. 10), and ends with yaw (Targum of 23. 15). Verso continues recto, and ends with wap 3220): One parchment leaf, with a piece of paper pasted on the top, measuring 63 X43 ins. (=17.112.4 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. Vovel-points and accents have been added by a later hand. [Amram.] 18 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 13 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 26. 3-36. Fol. la begins with 1n9wn (26. 3), and 1b ends with DD¥7N (20. 26); fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with my (26. 50) CAovery accurate codex. Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 8X72 ins .(=20.3 19.7 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page. Clumsy square character, vocalized and accented. [Sulizberger.] 14 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Num. 8. 21-9. 4. Recto begins with 153") (8. 21), and verso ends with nwy> (9. 4). There are a few textual and orthographic variants. Thus wn) for wana (9. 3); myIMAa for MyDA (cbid.). One paper leaf, measuring 84 <6} ins. (=20.9X15.8 cm.). There are ten lines to a page. Bold square character, vocalized and accented. {Sulzberger.] 15 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Num. 16. 30-17. 4. Recto begins with 1wx-55 (16. 30), and ends with wm) (16. 35). Verso continues recto, and ends with nwmin (17. 4). It seems to be part of a very accurate codex. One parchment leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 6453 ins. (=16.4x14 cm.). Recto has twelve lines of text, beside four lines, in a smaller hand, of masoretic notes, two above and two below. Verso has eleven lines of text (there is some space between chapter 16 and 17), beside the four lines of masoretic notes. Bold square character, with vowel- points and accents. [Amram.] 16 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Deut. 1. 15-25. Fol. 1a begins with Owpn7w) (1. 15), and ends with Ws (1. 17); 1b continues la, and ends with 71237 (1. 22); 2b continues 2a, and ends with punt maw (1. 25). Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheets of a fascicle, slightly faded. Size 644% ins. (=15.8X11 cm.). There are ten lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 17 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Deut. 1. 31-36. BIBLE 19 Recto begins with &w’ 7WRD spmbx (1. 31), and verso ends with nx NdD (1. 36). One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 63X48 ins. (=15.7X11.8 cm.). There are ten lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Y. M. H. A.] 18 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Deut. 5. 1-14. Recto begins with 87p") (5. 1), and ends with may (5. 6); verso continues recto, and ends with ov) (5. 14). Recto is vocalized, but the vowels are not always the same as in our texts. Altogether the vowels seem to have been carelessly put in. A glaring instance is DAT21 (5. 1) instead of On71, Verso is entirely without vowel- points, and even the verses are not always divided. The last few lines are nostly obliterated. One parchment leaf, measuring 737 ins. (=18.7X17.8 cm.). There are fourteen lines to a page. Square character. ([Adler.] 19 Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Deut. 7. 17-19. 6. Recto begins with oNn °D (7. 17), and verso ends with o> nbs (9. 16). A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 9394 ins. (=24.8X23.5 cm.). Each side has two columns, and each column has twenty-nine lines. Oriental square character. [Amram.] 20 Part of the Book of Joshua. 21. 6-24. 32. Fol. la begins with }1w7) 995) (21. 6), and 1b ends with omaxd (21. 43); fol. 2a continues ib, and 2b ends with pon (22 Stole 3a continues 2b, and 3b ends with Dxrw *ypr> (24. 1); fol. 4a con- tinues 3b, and 4b ends with moxy (24. 32). There are a number of variants, especially in orthography and vocalization. Some words are missing altogether, while others have been restored by a later hand. py ns for py ne) (21. 16); [7P for NP (21. 26); ydn for pda (Kere }>11, 21. 27); TWMWY2 for TINWYA (ibid.). The second O72 (21. 44) is unvocalized, 9D nN is apparently crossed out by a line, and on the margin there is WN; it is thus evident that the copyist wanted the verse to read O73 TT NM) Wwe OPIN SDD OF IDA wR Toy NdI. 3 forma (21. 45); 17937 (22. 30) is missing and is not supplied on the 20 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA margin; 8°2N) for 78IN) (24. 8); from ywrim (24. 22) to yw (24. 24) has been omitted through homoioteleuton. Four parchment leaves, badly mutilated, forming the inner sheets of a fascicle. Size 108% ins. (=25.4X21.9 cm.). There are two columns to a page, and twenty-five lines toa column. Square character, vocalized and accented. [Sulzberger.] 2| Part of First Book of Kings. 1. 29-2. 13; 7. 24-8. 10. Fol. 1a begins with n> $5 (1. 29), and ends with [a’Nrjpn (1.49); fol. 1b continues la, and ends with fondoy (2. 13). Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. Fol. 2a begins with 1n[N] (7. 24), and ends with [noajwd (7. 42). The last line is burned; fol. 2b begins with wx >y (ébid.), and ends with [n]wxa (8. 10), There are also some marginal notes by a later hand, indicating words omitted in the text and Haftarot. The edges are damaged. Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 103X107 ins. (=27X27.6 cm.). Each page has three columns. Number of lines ranges from 25 to 27. Square character. vocalized and accented. [Friedenwald.] tafe Part of a biblical codex. 2 Kings 5. 8-13. Recto begins with Synw (5. 8), and verso ends with FIN) (Ou S)8 There are a few orthographic variants. Yob)Da for 1DIDA (5. 9); TION for Max (Kere 0x, 5. 12); Nb for wbn (5. 13). One paper leaf, measuring 62X54 ins. (=17.113 cm.). There are twelve lines to a page. Beautiful square character, vocalized and accented. [Sulzberger.] 23 Part of a biblical codex. 2. Kings 23. 3-24. 3. The first legible word in recto is [727] M8 (23. 3), and the last legible words of verso are [Syl SVienbs (OES, 43) There are some masoretic notes. A piece of parchment, torn in two, badly damaged and faded. Size 73X11 ins. (=19.727.9 cm.). Each side has three columns. As the top is torn off, it is impossible to say how many lines there were to a column. Bold square character, with vowel-points. jAmram.] BIBLE Ua 24 Part of a codex of Isaiah. 15. 1-18. 4. Recto begins with 7[73] (last word of Isa. 15. 1), and ends with [b]D3 and TaD (16. 14). The first column of verso is almost entirely damaged, and the first visible word is O'7DND (17. 3); the third column ends with *>x (18. 4). The orthography, while generally accurate, deviates sometimes from our masoretic text with regard to defective or full writing. Thus mb5day instead of nbody (17.6). The vocalization is in some cases curious, and points to the Oriental origin of the codex, as, for instance, njon for njon (17. 10). Of peculiar interest is the vocalization 383} instead of asi (17. 11), since the Septuagint renders this word by KQL OS TATN p- One parchment leaf, badly mutilated and torn, measuring 114 103 ins. (=29.2 26.8 cm.). There are three columns to a page, and at least twenty-four lines to a column, apart from a number of ma- soretic notes on the margins. Beautiful large square character; vo- calized and accented, probably by a later hand. [Amram.] 25 Part of a biblical codex. Zech. 14. 2-11. Recto begins with aeebh (14. 2), and ends with xgim7 ova (14. 6); verso continues recto, and ends with 7A 12¥) (14. 11). One paper leaf, slightly faded, measuring 74 ins.(=17.8 12.4 cm.). Bold square character, with vowels and accents added by a later hand. There are eleven lines of text on each side, besides one or two lines of notes in a smaller hand. ‘There are also some notes on the margin. [Amram.] 26 Psalm: 37. 23—37. Recto begins with wD (37.23), and ends with pty (37. 30); verso continues recto, and ends with mM -ns (37. 37). Judging by the mode of writing the divine name, this leaf may have formed part of a prayer-book. One paper leaf, measuring 645 ins. (=16.412.7 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. The words are not evenly spaced, and the scribe probably intended to give the lines a poetic appearance. Square character, with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] ah bartso1, 4 biblical rcodex.© Ps. 50718-5129: 22 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Recto begins with O°)xNI9 OY) (50. 18), and ends with WsD (51.2); verso continues recto, and ends with "28unn (51. 9). The vocalization and the orthography differ slightly from our Masorah. Thus 0283? (50. 18) instead of PPMP; ya (51. 7) instead of ya; Mmva (51. 8) instead of mnva. A piece of parchment, trimmed on the lower side, although no words have been cut off. Size 6%; 5 ins. (=16X12.7 cm.). Recto has thirteen lines, while verso has eleven. Bold square character, with vowel-points and accents, probably supplied by a later hand. {Amram. ] 28 Part of the Book of Psalms. 106. 5-107. 37; 118. 29-119. 86. Fol. 1a begins with qn>m (106. 5). and 1b ends with mw (107. 37). Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with mm (118. 29), and 2b ends with ymso (119. 86).. Thereis a great number of variants in the orthography and vocalization. There is especially a tendency in this codex to employ 1 and ” as often as possible, although in some cases this fragment writes defectively words which are written plene in our Masorah. A few examples may be given here: 7nx>b2 for 7>mNdp2 (106. 7); mby72 for mb7) (106. 21); Ons for OM (106. 26); DMID for DNYD (106. 30); AYO for AYN (106.40) + *8S10) for °S¥D1 (107. 33); -781] for °7M81 (119. 2); F>mmATsS for TNS (119. 15)s'Spinatior 9 Phas (119 223 je sD ore p11 e248) a an Se for ApS an MOR sS,, Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 11192 ins. (=28.2 23.8 cm.). There are twenty- six lines toa page. Beautiful square character; vocalized and accented, probably by a later hand. [Sulzberger.] 29 Part of the Book of Psalms. 126. 6-134. 3. Fol. 1a begins with 719m (126. 6), and ends with bsnw (128. 6); fol. 1a begins with w (129. 1), and ends with 7199. (131 1); fol. 2a continues 1b, and ends with [95 xJond (132. 12); fol. 2b continues 2a, and ends with yam (134. 3). The orthography differs from that of the Masorah. It often inserts 1} and” as matres lectionis, as NY72 (126. 6), Bxnd (127. 4), 7a” (128. 4), savn (130. 4). More impor- tant variants are m7 (127. 2) and wa (129. 6). Some words have been scribbled on top of fol. 1b by a later hand. Two parchment leaves, measuring 63 X61 ins. (=17.4X15.8 cm). BIBLE 23 Number of lines to a page ranges from eighteen to twenty-one. Square character. [Adler.] 30 Part of the Book of Psalms or prayer-book. Psalms 135. 6-17. Recto begins with p83) (135. 6), and ends with aban) (Gis 21); verso continues recto, and ends with 170n (136. 17). It is punctu- ated and accented. But neither the vowels nor the accents are iden- tical with those of the printed texts. Altogether the vocalization is peculiar. Dagesh forte is inserted in the first letter of almost every word. Even 8 sometimes has a dagesh, as 7783) (135. 6) and "787 (135.11). Asarule scriptio plene is prevalent in this fragment. Thus mw (135. 10) and 77D"? (135. 13). Strange vocalizations are meu (135. 7), 19 (135. 12), OFM (135. 14). Through the oversight of the copyist, all the words between O°7¥%9 (135. 8) and ox (135. 9) are omitted. One of the lower corners is burned. One parchment leaf, measuring 6; <5i ins. (=1614.9 cm.), Number of lines of each page is seventeen. Square character. [Adler.] 3l Parts olsaa biblical codex. Prey. 30272/-31..9. Recto begins with 4bn (20 27), and ends with 2°" (30. 33); verso begins with ’a[4] (31. 1), and ends with jvam) (31.9). There are some masoretic notes on the margin. One parchment leaf, badly damaged, measuring 63 X/7 ins. (=16.8X17.8 cm.). Recto has eight lines, there being extra space between 30. 28 and 30. 29, while verso has nine lines. Bold square character with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 32 Part of a biblical codex. Prov. 31. 20—-Job 1. 18: Fol. 1a begins with 77 (Prov. 31. 20), and ends the chapter; fol. 1b has a masoretic note belonging to the preceding book, and then goes on, without a heading: 7 ws (Job 1. 1); it ends with 1972) (1. 5); 2a continues 1b, and ends with nown eZ) ee UsCols tinues 2a, and ends with maa (1. 18). The codex to which this fragment belongs must have been very beautiful, although the vocalization and orthography are not accurate, 24 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA that is to say, not in accordance with the Masorah. Thus 517 in- stead of °b’n (Prov. 31. 30); OFNYNS for OAM (Job 1. 4); Sa for sia) (1. 6); DVT for OVA (1. 8); MND for MDD (ibid.); THY for TYYD (1. 10); odo for oboe (1. 13); omen for Orne (ibid.). Two parchment leaves, slightly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 6X7 ins.(=15.2X17.8 cm.). There must have been twelve lines to a page; but fol. la, concluding a book, only has eleven lines, while 1b has ten lines of text and two of masoretic notes. Bold square character, with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 33 Part of a biblical codex. Job 2. 4-3. 26; 7. 8-8. 21. Fol. la begins with jm (2. 4), and 1b ends with [nn] (3. 26). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with xd (7. 8), and the last legible word on this page is 1DBy> (7. 21), but it no doubt continued to 1x» (8. 7); 2b begins with °D (8. 8), and the last legible word is [Ayfan (8. 21). This fragment has a number of variants in orthography and vocalization. “ow for Dw (2. 6); 179 for 77y (2. 9.) wp for jYp (3. 19); pwsaifor jwin (Kere }iWSa; 8. 8); DIP? for DIP? (8. 14); aw for ab4 (8. 16). On the whole, this codex seems to prefer the scriptio plena. Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet | of a fascicle. Size 838% ins. (=22.2X21.2 cm.). There are two columns to a page, and twenty lines to a column. Beautiful square character, vocalized and accented. [Sulzberger.] 34 Part of a biblical codex. Canticles 2. 13-3. 3; 4. 6-14. Fol. 1a begins with FIsnnm (2. 13), and 1b ends with o DWN (3. 3). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with 3x (4. 6), and 2b ends with mbmn) (4. 14). There are some variants in orthography. =e for °D9 (Kere ae. 2. 13), o>nw for a >yw (2. 15); mam for Mann (3. 2); Wn for Won (4. 6); mabz for nnabn (ibid.); NASA for TMA (Kere nnNa, 4. 9); 1216 for 100 (4. 10). ;nnpw for 7mnpw (4. 11). Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 443% ins.(=10.4%8.8 cm.). There are ten lines to a page. Square character, vocalized and accented. ([Sulzberger.] 35 Part of a biblical codex with masoretic notes. Cant. 3. 6-4. 12. BIBLE 25 Recto begins with 712797-j0 (3. 6), and ends with J?>mnaw (4. 3); verso continues recto, and ends with }) (4. 12). On the upper margin of verso the word O7738 was added by a later hand. A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 122 X11 ins. (=32.4X27.9 cm.). Each page has two columns, and each column has seventeen lines. Large square character, with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 36 Part of the Book of Esther. 2. 13-16. Recto begins with ["w]s b> mx (2. 13), and ends with 72 yen (2. 14); verso begins with ox’ (2. 15), and ends with '> yaw (2. 16). There are some variants in orthography and vocalization. 72)¥3 (2.14); V2 (ibid.); wWNN instead of wimwme (2. 16); "PYYI (cdid.). A piece of parchment, forming lower half of a page. A little over five lines to a page have been preserved; but judging from the missing words between recto and verso, one may assume that there were about eight or nine lines to a page. Size 52332 ins. (=13.6X 8.4 cm.). Bold square character; vocalized and accented, probably by a later hand. {[Lederer.] 37 Part of the Haftarah for the first day of Passover. Joshua 5. 2-11. Recto is headed yora nop bw pwisn ord mqwDM], which is fol- lowed by Joshua 5. 2-11; both the Hebrew text and the Targum are given alternately, verse by verse. The vowel-points of the Hebrew text seem to have been supplied by a later hand. It is very inaccurate. 0°7¥ (5. 2) is omitted, and in verse 3 it is oN instead of OX. So also odin (5. 5) instead of ordp. A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 8} 6? ins. (=21.6X17.1 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines besides the heading, while verso has twenty-one lines. Square character. [Amram.] 38 Part of a collection of Haftarot. Recto begins with "md °md 310 (Jonah 4. 8) to the end of the chapter. This is obviously for the Day of Atonement. This is fol- lowed by Micah 7. 18-20. Then comes the heading 7210 Sw pwr dy awyana avd Is WwI which is followed by Zech. 13. 9-14. 2. The last word of verso is monbnd. 26 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA One paper leaf, faded, measuring 7533 ins. (=17.9X13.2 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page besides some masoretic notes. Bold square character with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 39 Part of a collection of Haftarot, Hebrew and Aramaic alternating verse after verse. Recto begins with onsun (Mic. 7. 19), which belongs to the Haftarah of the afternoon service of the Day of Atonement. The conclusion of this Haftarah is followed by the Haftarah of the first day of Tabernacles (Zech. 13. 9-14. 21), which is headed bw nesad wy ana mo. The first word of this Haftarah is ona) (Zceh. 13.9), and this page ends with 7) (Targum of 14. 6). Verso continues recto, and ends with amin-9> am (14. 16). One paper leaf, measuring 113 73% ins. (=29.5 18.9 cm.). There are thirty-two lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Vocalized and accented, the Hebrew text in the Tiberian system, and the Aramaic Targum in the Babylonian. [Y. M. H. A.] 40 Part of Targum of Leviticus: 4,.10-5. 2; -7-716-8710: First legible word on fol. 1a is [\}\nd (4. 10); this page ends with mpdy (4. 25). First legible word on fol. 1b is xnbys (last word); this page ends with 7DD0 (5. 2). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. The first legible word on the latter is 3"[p’] (7. 16); it ends with N’waip (7. 29), corrected by a later hand into "Tw )p. First legible word on fol. 2b is 7 (7. 31). Next line is "5 (7. 34), and it is obvious that all the words between §1’0°7 (7. 32 and that of 7. 33) have been omitted by homoioteleuton. These words are added on the margin. It ends with [nlwny (8. 10). It is vocalized by a later hand, and has a number of marginal notes, chiefly corrections. The upper part is burned. This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 41. Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 9,};91 ins. (=23X23.5 cm.). Number of lines of each page is twenty-two. Square character. [Friedenwald.] Al Part of Targum of Leviticus. 5. 3-7. 15. First legible word on fol. la is 7NDO=MNAND (5. 3); this page BIBLE oT ends with nx) (5. 16). ‘First legible word on fol. 1b is ppanw” (cdid.); this page ends with snaq% (6. 3). First legible word on fol. 2a is ws] (6. 5); this page ends with 1DI’N7 (6. 19). First legible word on fol. 2b is ]) (6. 21); this page ends with 770°) (7. 15). It is vocalized by a later hand, and has marginal notes, chiefly corrections. Some words and even verses are omitted in the text and are added on the margin. These omissions are usually through homoioteleuton. The upper part is burned. These leaves are to be inserted between those of No. 40. Two parchment leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 991 ins. (=23%23.5 cm.). Number of lines of each page is twenty-three. Square character. [Friedenwald.] 42 Part of a sort of compendium of the Pentateuch containing the first three and the last three verses of every Sidrah. Gen. 23. 2-28. 13. Fol. 1a begins with nom (23. 2), and ends with no. (25. 17); fol. 1b continues la, and ends with 77py (25. 21). Fol. 2a continues ib, and ends with °AND(="1SNd, 28. 11); fol. 2b continues 2a, and ends with y 3X) (28. 13). There are many scribal errors: mwrd xd for ....19 (25. 20); xd any for 1b.... (25. 21); aN for ran (28. 7); "AND for "]ON0 (28. 11). Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measur- ing 4733 ins. (=12.4X8.8 cm.). There are twelve lines to a page, except fol. 2b which has only six, the rest of the page being blank. ‘YD is marked on the margin. Square character. [Sulzberger.] 43 Part of a Jewish-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch (not Sa- ‘adya’s). This fragment covers Gen. 8. 11-9. 26. Each verse begins with the Hebrew word. Over every Arabic word is written its Hebrew equivalent in a very small cursive hand. Recto begins with Moxon (77, 8. 11), and ends with mob (ormdss 9. 6); verso continues recto, and ends with sine ines. ect, One paper leaf, badly damaged in the middle, measuring 113 74 ins. (=29.219 cm.). There are twenty-seven lines to a page. Oriental square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 28 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 44 Part of a Jewish-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch. Gen. 24. 58-25. 17. Each verse begins with the first Hebrew word. The first legible word is 1975 (24. 58), and the last is 71D (25. 17). Possibly Sa‘adya’s translation; but no conclusive evidence can be adduced. The variants from the printed text of Sa‘adya’s translation, though mostly insignificant, are sufficiently numerous to make one hesitate to decide definitely about the authorship. 1yI5 =1D72 (24. 60); S. DWNT. nVpD (24. 26); S. vpon. soxdx =orw>-DA (25. 6); so S.; the Beyrout translation has more correctly Sela, NOYN (1bid.); so Beyrout translation; S. an A narrow and long strip of parchment, badly mutilated, written closely on one side. Size 19X34 ins. (=48.1X*8.8 cm.). Recto has seventy-nine lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulzberger.] 45 Part of a translation of Exodus in vulgar Jewish-Arabic, with notes. 38. 21-39. 10. Recto begins with TINMw>s 1200 =MTIYN yDwD (38. 21), and con- tinues to the end of 38. 24. Then follows a note on the value of 155. The opinion that it is a "8VIP is refuted. Verso is scarcely legible- It begins with yo[nj= Jina (39. 3c), and ends with [AJxbx= wn (39. 10). The translation is as a rule paraphrastic. Nevertheless the translator desires to express every Hebrew word. Thus MN is con- sistently rendered by N°. Every verse begins with the Hebrew word. One parchment leaf. All the four sides have been trimmed, and none of the lines is complete. Size 10433 ins. (=26X9.5 cm.). The number of lines now is twenty-nine to a page. Square character. [Adler.] 46 Part of Sa‘adya’s translation of the Pentateuch. Lev. 26. 34-44. Recto begins with 53°» (26. 34), and ends with OFNTYN (26. 39); verso continues recto, and ends with ONO TIT YO SYN) (26.39) ; Every verse begins with the first Hebrew word. There are some minor variants. Thus 1) 9 1p for py) Wpn (26. 36); IyoD’ for Wws’ (26. 39); the first part of verse 42 has been omitted by mistake. BIBLE ; 29 One paper leaf, torn and faded, measuring 6} 4 ins. (=15.5 10.1 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 47 Part of a Jewish-Arabic translation and commentary of Genesis. 31. 50-32. 3. Each verse begins with one or more Hebrew words of the text, which are followed by the Arabic translation. After every paragraph the author discusses exegetical and grammatical problems. Fol. la begins with a note on the word myn (31. 50) which is explained in accordance with Sa‘adya’s translation. Of 31. 50-53 the translation is missing; but the commentary tallies with Sa‘adya’s translation, as may be seen from 72yn and from the insertion of ?75) after WN (zbid.), which Sa‘adya renders 2°79) ]NDIN. Of verses 31. 54-32. 3 we have only the translation, the fragment breaking off just when the author begins to discuss that paragraph. This fragment offers many variants from Sa‘adya’s translation, as 129 92x" for Nonyy 1267 Js (31. 54); aT92 de for myer dw (32. 1); ayp>b for TMNINDD (32. 2). Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 7254 ins. (=18.714 cm.). The number of lines ranges from twenty to twenty-one toa page. Oriental square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 48 Part of an Arabic translation and commentary of 2 Samuel, chapters 11 and 12. Fol. la begins with the Hebrew of 11. 23, which is rendered into Arabic; then follows the Hebrew and Arabic of verse 24, after which is a long note covering the rest of fol. 1. Some leaves are mis- sing between 1b and 2a. The latter comments upon the exact force of mup (12. 3), and nnp> bom (12. 4), while 2b has a long discussion on David’s action in connection with Bath-sheba. It was obviously the author’s system to give the Hebrew text and Arabic translation alternately, verse by verse, and then comment on the entire paragraph. Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 846 ins. (=21.6X15.2 cm.). There are nineteen lines to a page. Oriental square character with a strong 30 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA tendency to cursiveness; the Hebrew words are in a bold square hand, with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 49 Part of a Jewish-Arabic translation and commentary of Jeremiah. About a half of every verse of the Hebrew text is first given and is then followed by a literal translation. The exposition of the text is placed after the paragraph has been completed. Fol. 1a begins with a note on Jer. 4. 20b, and ends with notes on 4. 22; fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with general notes on 4. 20-26. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with notes on 4. 31, and ends with notes on 5. 1, 2; fol. 2b continues these notes at length. wa wn (4. 23) is rendered by 72) FN, while Sa‘adya’s translation of this phrase (Gen. 1. 2) is M7MANDD) AIDN. Our author confuses biblical verses. Thus in commenting on Jer. 4. 30, 31, he attributes the words MRxSY Ow] ONY (Zech. 5. 9) to Ezekiel; doubtlessly he had in mind AMX ON Mia ow) ONY (Ezek. 23. 2). Similarly, he confuses and combines (while commenting on Jer. 5. 1, 2) Hos. 12. 8 with Amos 8. 5b. In translating Jer. 5. 1, he omits the words WS IN¥ON ON. Comp. LXX. Diacritical points are seldom used, and there is no consistency about this usage. The divine Name is written thus ’Y. The ortho- graphy of the Arabic words is as a rule classical. But fol. 2a has Ld, Two paper leaves, measuring 744 5% ins. (=19.5 x14 cm.). The obobs for number of lines to a page ranges between nineteen and twenty. Square character. [Adler.] 50 Part of an Arabic translation of and commentary on the Book of Job. 31. 12-40. At the beginning of every verse one or two words of the Hebrew text are given; then follows the translation of the entire verse. The annotations were obviously placed at the end of each speech, regardless of chapter, for after the translation of chapter 31 we have notes on chapter 29. Fol. 1a begins with yi = 9D) (31. 12 b), and ends with nbs) = Msp (31. 25 b); fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with by — by C31? 36a). Fol. 2 was a narrow strip when the copyist wrote on it, as no words are cut off. 2a continues 1b, and ends with S32)=nnm GE BIBLE 31 40). Then follows a note on wn 3x rnd (29. 3). This page ends with the beginning of a note, perhaps on 30. 1. Fol. 2b continues 2a, and completes chapter 31. This translation is to all intents and purposes identical with that of Sa‘adya’s. It is true, we have a number of variants, but the bulk of them are quite insignificant, and are due to different systems of orthography, like dypbp (31. 28) where Sa‘adya has 555, and nna0p (31. 34), S. ndDp. Other variants are due to an inadequate knowledge of grammar, like Pry (31. 26); S. xpry. Sxdiwe (31. 27); S. xoxdy. Some variants are errors of the copyist, as Fyxdd (3) 2)5 S.-ps5S. ovman (31. 33);S. "aNo9. Bacher in his edition of Sa‘adya’s translation and commentary on Job quotes some variants which agree with our fragment, as snxiox (31. 15) ROo IN me Naa ON 3.1 2218 S. NITVNDN. The commentary presents a greater problem. The words com- mented upon and the opinions expressed are identical in our fragment with those of Sa‘adya’s; but the position in which the notes are placed and the language employed are entirely different. In Sa‘adya, as printed by Bacher, the notes are placed at the end of every paragraph, while in our fragment they are at the end of the speech which, in this case, extends over three chapters. In order to illustrate the difference of style in the notes, I give the two texts in parallel columns: Fragment. Sen 7d wed 'DD) “wna mNIyD Nd joDA non myona andy) Roxb axno0 b> on mbdip dno my 'w maRw -aNY m3 91m 45491 am wn bn monn pa lyn) Y IYI WON % Sram It is well known that Sa‘adya his commentary, and our fragment may represent one of those. Sa‘adya. asabx ayndo wm Jwna ciyods 3xnd5) TNDNA 'D 17 Mona a’) Ssaw maw b> on Si "ym [ANY jNDD] (B"? 3” 'N "JUINM [RID (79 3"D 3"v) wy syn °w Stan oN wrote more than one recension of (See Se GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Bacher, p. ix). It is also possible that one of Sa‘adya’s pupils wrote down in his own language that which he heard from his teacher. The orthography was intented to be classical. Diacritical points are placed only over 0 and X. One and a half parchment leaves. With the exception of the last page, the number of lines on each page is seventeen. The com- plete leaf measures 675 X57 ins. (=16.6X14.9 cm.), while the half is 6; X23 ins. (=16.6X7 cm.). Square character. [Adler.] 5 I Part of Ibn Ezra’s commentary on Genesis. 8. 5-21. Recto begins with mabr (8. 5), and last legible words are 77[5w] Nim) (8. 11); verso begins with 129M 73D °D (8. 13), and last legible words are [wb mnpan] (8. 21). This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as Nos. 52, 53. A piece of paper, other half of No. 52. Size 4333 ins. (=12 9.5 cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved on each side. Rab- binic cursive hand. [Amram.] 52 Part of Ibn Ezra’s commentary on Genesis. 8. 5-21. Recto begins with Wwya) Aapnn] (8. 5), and the last legible words are %7’) 9}D1] man (8. 11), verso begins with p1Nn by (8. 13), and last legible words are bapy DyyaT ($2 21). This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as Nos. 51, 53. A piece of paper, torn on all sides; other half of No. 51. Size 4232 ins. (=12X9.5 cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved on each side. Rabbinic cursive hand. [Amram.] 53 Part of Ibn Ezra’s commentary on Genesis. 11. 28-12. 8. Recto begins with OWIT WY WRY JOM) (11. 28), and ends with TONY TYM Mivn mw (11. 31); verso begins with 29 oOwid (12. 5), and ends with [o>yh» omiw) ony) 1m (12. 8). It belongs to the same fascicle as Nos. 51 and 532. One paper leaf, badly damaged and lower part torn off. Size 42X52 ins. (=12X14.6 cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved on each page. Rabbinic cursive hand. [Amram.] 54 Part of Rashi’s commentary on Genesis. 41. 8-23. BIBLE ets) Recto begins with }m211nbA an (41. 8, repeated twice), and verso ends with }»p> jy1 ‘19m (41. 23). Important variants. Thus in verse 41. 13: 073 (20ND O7) 79 >on simp wapd> pax pre op> awn gin’ wp Ndi axp Sapam nan pray Sy »xp nynD apxw wo nbynd ronm nyt inn award raw on. Verse 41. 16: pwd yown ims mindd on pam pian oon yown MODNT Ps 1922 onwd youn xb we ... DY yow °D WD AMIN) MAN x’ nye obw ma amy pa ay > por ym... may ons abs ody ow nx my sim onans ondxd xox cada nbn qadn amy ode on mobo Sw noidwa bbanad one Foxy ja NT... YTD. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 6} X43; ins. (=15.5 10.9 cm.). Rabbinic character. Recto has seventeen, and verso sixteen lines. [U. P.] 55 Part of a commentary, in Jewish-Arabic, on the Books of Samuel. 1 Sam. 25. 30-27. 10; 2 Sam. 12. 14-13. 6. The notes are rather long, though not many passages or words are commented upon. Fol. 1a begins with 279 -y mwy °D am «(1 Sam. 25. 30), and ldsanotes, Ons DYO eso 209130), ymds> awe (ibid.); bvasa 327 Smoot ry Sinw) (25. 44); YAS ADO Pim (26. 7); 131158 Any) (26. 8); 1b has notes on 1D) Mondna IN (26. 10); D1 ANN 7D (26. 14); 42) we xdn (Zoe Lo) a DVeOrs noe 20.0 LO) eNO (101d.); D177 WR (26. 20); 11 Dw? 17 (26. 23); onuwD dx (27. 10). Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter has notes on ND) YN) °D DDN (2 Sam. 12. 14); win (12. 15); 17 AIA NOI (12. 17); owndne (12. 19); n tom mya (12. 22); 1D) mvy my mp (12. 30); ND) m2 Ow) (12.31); ID) Waym (2bid.); 1D) NbD (13. 2); $ID) yrtD (166 4)emrne (131.6); A characteristic note of this author may be given here: nabsa yobs gimay yp? od xoids op mavobs yn ys adys Syvasa rat onda MIND wow ya qwm qexd rat a1 ND AA Taw ora. The orthography is mostly classical, but there are few diacritical points. A Tashdid is written over the 1 of }"N0N0 which is the translation of ownbna (2 Sam. 12. 19). Two paper leaves, slightly faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 71X52 ins.(=18.5 13.6 cm.). There are twenty- one lines to a page. Oriental square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness; the Hebrew words commented upon are in bold square hand, with vowel-points, but other Hebrew words are in the same character as the Arabic. [Cobern.] 34 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 56 Part of Rashi’s commentary on Proverbs. 18. 4-22. 4. Fol. 1a begins with 'poaw wx b> (18. 4), and 1b ends with m’apn (19. 29); a few lines are torn off at the top of 2a, which begins with soba (20. 5), and 2b ends with m9275 pat (22. 4). This fragment has important variants, as nbd for wapd (20. 8). Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. The upper part is entirely torn off. Size 1146} ins. (=29.2X15.5 cm.). Each page has two columns, and there must have been more than thirty lines toa page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Amram. } 57 Part of Kimhi’s kabbalistic commentary on Ezekiel. 1. 21, 22; lead dee 5: Fol. 1a begins with bwo 747 by wm mewinnm (1. 21), and 1b ends with TNO NIMw WSD (1. 22). Two leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with on2ba bip (1. 24), and 2b ends with »2) mayo NAT NyowNd (1. 25). There are some interesting variants. Thus verses 22 has b>win (instead of bby); Sow (instead of nb> win). Verse 25 has 35197 (instead of 21757). Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measur- ing 544 ins. (=13.3X10.1 cm.). Thirteen lines to a page. Rabbinic hand, but each verse begins with bold square character. [U. P.] 58 Beginning of an Arabic commentary on Psalms, which is much briefer than Sa‘adya’s. It is headed oon mOwA INA NOM Jowa. The first few words of each verse are quoted and then commented upon; but no translation is given. This leaf covers the greater part of the first two psalms. ‘One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 64 X4;5ins. (=15.5X10.9 cm.). There are fifteen lines to a page. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 59 Part of an Arabic commentary on Psalms. 105. 21-106. 3. Fol. 1a begins with notes on Sn) (105. 21), and ends with 173pr (105. 22); fol. 1b continues la, and ends with notes to dy 15”) (105. 24). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with a general introduction to Psalm 106. It discusses its BIBLE oie contents, and explains why this Psalm which contains a sketch of Jewish history is prefaced and appended by verses of prayer. It also points out that 72751 (106. 4) refers to the psalmist personally, whereas 1)°w17 (106. 47) is for the nation in general. This page ends with notes on 106. 1, in which the usage of the words denoting praise, thanks, etc., is explained. Fol. 2b continues 2a, and ends with notes on mp 1x C0683): A few characteristic sentences of this writer may be mentioned. In explaining that Sew? (105. 23) refers to all the tribes, while by apy’ Jacob alone is meant, he remarks: 2178 ]8 17D JS °D TINNPN JN) ays moxpo oD bands mind) mp an tda>s Db oNpR Ip (Jacob) VON) NIYD>N YO 1D ND FTW ON STAN TTwO>N8 Ip) TINDIN Ox Jp. The orthography of Arabic words is not consistent. There seems to be an attempt to follow the classical forms. But spellings like NIYD = tae are not infrequent. Then a short w is often represented by 1, as rink cat Sway Similarly & is used for a and ” for 7, though these cases are less frequent than those of 1} for uw, as XMM o> and ‘ino’ ob. Diacritical points are only placed on © and X. On fol. 2a there is a marginal note suggesting a different ex- planation from that given in the text. Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 11644 ins.(=27.9X17 cm.). The number of lines ranges between twenty-seven and twenty-eight on each page. Square charac- ter. [Adler.] 60 Part of an allegorical commentary, in Jewish-Arabic, on Song of Songs. 2. 1-11; 5. 7-14. Not all verses are commented upon. The Hebrew words are usually in a larger character and vocalized, three dots («) being put on each word. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, slightly obliterated. Size 67X54 ins. (=17.4%13cm.). Number of lines ranges from fifteen to sixteen to a page. Oriental cursive hand. [U. P.] 61. Part of Gersonides’ commentary on the five Megillot. Canticles 8. 4-Ruth. 36 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Fol. la begins with Canticles 8. 4, and 1b ends with 8. 7. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with the middle of the ninth nbyin on Ruth, and 2b ends with the sixteenth ndyin, which is the last. This is followed by a note (missing in the Koenigsberg edition) to the effect that the commentary on Ruth (or the preface) was completed on the new moon of Nisan in the year 89 C==1529)) Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. 103 X73 ins. (=26.6X19.3 cm.). The number of lines ranges from twenty-three to twenty-nine to a page. Cursive rabbinic character. The verses of the text are in a larger hand and are vocalized and accented. [Amram.] 62 Part of a Jewish-Arabic commentary on the Book of Daniel. The writing of fol. 1 does not seem to be the same as that of fol. 2. The subject-matter of fol. 1 is rather puzzling. On fol. la the writer expatiates on the attributes and praises of God. This is continued till fol. 1b, line 3,. where the paragraph ends with the words 90> ona mos b> yA anvy 7? a5s 55 me (Isa. 66. 2). Then follows a short paragraph which may be a note on Cant. 1.3. It begins with Jans 71Dwm, and is followed by quotations from Exod. 3. 16; 4.1; 4, 29; 30, 31. The writer probably wished to point out that Moses had underrated the faith of the Israelites. The lower half of this page is blank. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. Fol. 2a is in the midst of a discussion on the Messianic periods, and the writer explains that there are ten periods. He discusses the Maccabean period which is apparently the seventh. Various passages referring to Hanukkah are quoted from the Book of Maccabees in Aramaic and from the Talmud, as Shabbat 21b, etc. This lengthy discussion was evidently occasioned by O’nyn yp?) (Dan, 11. 13). The usage and meaning of the word yp are also explained, and as illustrations ypoms mon bad (Psalm 119. 96), ayp per: -N¥oM (Isa. 2. 7.), and other passages are quoted. This long note continues till the middle of fol. 2b. Then follow short notes on 715 Ow) (Dan. 11. 17), Toy 12D Sy (ibid. 11. 20), and a few other verses. This page ends with a note on mDon min poy dn sd) (zbid. 11. 21). These verses are explained as referring to the Muhammedan period. Fol. 1 may be the introduction to this commentary. But the intrusion of the note on Cant. 1. 3 and the difference in the writing BIBLE ai make it probable that this leaf served as a cover, being originally blank, and a later scribe jotted down some passages from other books. Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 7453 ins. (=18.1x*14.6 cm.). Fol. 1a has twelve lines to a page (the lower half of 1b is blank); fol. 2 has thirty-three lines on each page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Adler. | 63 Probably part of an Arabic commentary on the Haftarot. The style is that of Sa‘adya, and the notes may have been excerpted from his commentaries. There are lengthy notes on Hos. 14. 10 and Mic. 7. 18 (Haftarah for Sabbath Shubah). These notes cover fol. la and 1b. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter deals with 2 Sam. 22. 1, 2 (=Ps. 18. 1, 2). The Hebrew quotations are vocalized and accented. Two paper leaves, badly damaged in the upper part, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 1071 ins. (=25.4X18.4 cm.). There are twenty-four lines to a page. Oriental cursive character; the Hebrew words commented upon are in a large square hand. [Amram.] 64 The beginning of a homily, in Aramaic, on Ezek. 1. 1. Recto is blank, except for a few letters of the alphabet, written probably by a boy. Verso is headed mw owswa em oN, and has thirty-three lines in irregular square character. One parchment leaf, measuring 8}X3 ins. (=20.3X14.6 cm.). [Sulzberger.] 65 Part of a free rendering, in vulgar Jweish-Arabic, of Daniel. Every verse begins with the first Aramaic word of the text, but not all verses are translated. Fol. 1a begins with jy) :m19”) 75x, the third word representing Dan. 4. 34. The next paragraph is headed 7xxw>a nop (=425), and the narrative continues till fol. 2a. The next paragraph is headed 307 wIIT ny’p, and the story continues as far as NID PI, which is probably Dan. 6. 7. Two paper leaves, badly damaged, measuring 73 6% ins.(=19.3 16.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from fifteen to eighteen to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulzberger.] 38 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 66 Part of a halakic commentary on the Pentateuch. These leaves deal with the section Emor. Each leaf is headed 03727 YR DR TWD. Two paper leaves, measuring 846} ins. (=21.6X15.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from thirty-one to thirty-four to a page. Late Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 67 Part of a Jewish-Arabic lexicon of the Bible in the same style as Ibn Janah’s Usul. Fol. 1 has the root }O& (incomplete). Fol. 2 has the root 7D& (also incomplete). Some leaves are missing between folios 1 and 2. Two paper leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 62 X4;% ins. (=17.1X10.9 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 68 Part of a Hebrew-Arabic glossary to first Book of Kings. ’ Fol. 1a begins with O’8772 which is rendered by DNIT = 5.8 (5. 3), and ends with nbn which is rendered by skeet Sy (6. 4): fol. 1b begins with o’5)pw rendered by nydp aby (ibid.), and ends with °7105) rendered by DTN = 22) (6. 18). Fol. 2a continues 1b. It begins with Osx rendered by 77K, 7) (zbid.), and ends with ay) (7. 6). The rendering of this word is entirely obliterated, and no trace whatsoever is left. It might have been omitted by the scribe. Fol. 2b begins with mp’ rendered by 7179p) ,7I"MmM (7.9), and ends with 7719 rendered by 35710 (7. 29). Although the Hebrew words, with a few exceptions like mp’, are spelled in accordance with our Masorah, the orthography of the Arabic words is phonetic. Thus —% is sometimes confused with 1, as ON D7 (1 Kings 5.3). 72and ware usually indicated by” and 1, respect- ively, as may be seen from the words quoted above. In some cases, where double renderings are given, the Hebrew word is repeated twice, as npdnow np*7m) (5.28). nx2anaw np°2n { Some of the renderings are interesting, as Mp’ (7.9) is taken to mean ‘heavy’ in the Aramaic sense. See Rashi. BIBLE 39 Two parchment leaves, measuring 54513 ins.(=13.7 14.8 cm.). There are sixteen lines on each page. Square character. [Adler.] 69 A compilation of Hebrew words occurring in the Bible. Each word is accompanied by the biblical expression in which it is found. One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 7377 ins. (=20X17.8 cm.). There are two columns to a page and twenty- two lines to a column. Square character. [Amram.] 70 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on the usage of certain Hebrew expressions. Fol. 1a begins with a discussion of the usage of the expression amp, which, the author says, is employed in three ways: (1) in connection with obedience to God; (2) disobedience to God; (3) in connection with an act which involves neither obedience nor disobedi- ence (NO m0) xyn 155 AyNy TNO ND MID aS 1 °dy aPpddey ys Dip msyo xd aNyY 8D ND ND TI01°>yn m>d axyn 1N2). Numerous examples for each case are given, and rabbinic passages are extensively quoted. The author refers to Sa‘adya: wtm> nbs mwrp>s op yDwon non 7D) myoan’p Sry ayo wat 7IDT Ip xo Soxnn'd rd) AIAN > inp nabs (fol. 1a, 1. 8). At the end of fol. 1b the author is still quoting passages to illustrate the first usage. Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with the third mode: yo nbxndsx ans>s pap mm222 mwas Dp ‘Spd arxyo edi nynv Nd yD NO IM ATp>dN npn mona wyn. This is continued to the end of 2b. The author gives the source of every quotation, and this fact would lead one to assume that this book belongs to a later period, probably to the thirteenth century. Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 6445 ins. (=17X12.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty to twenty-two to a page, apart from some irregular lines on the margins. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 7 Stray notes, in Jewish-Arabic, on biblical passages. Some notes are brief, while others are rather lengthy and irrelevant. The verses commented upon are: Psalms 68. 31; 75. 9; Job 25. 5; 34. 29, The writer expatiates upon the use of the Imperfect; he then 40 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA stumbles upon the word 79w, and gives a number of passages in which it occurs. He is thus led to explain the use of the 1 to introduce the predicate, and a great many passages are cited. Two parchment leaves, slightly damaged, measuring 544? ins. (=14X11.7 cm.). There are nineteen lines to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] ic Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on Hebrew grammar. This fragment contains rules about the makkef (written -|NpO, which is against the vocalization IR) after m& and 9p. Two paper leaves, badly obliterated, measuring 644 X5 ins. (=17X12.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eleven to fourteen to a page. The writing, which is in Oriental square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness, is very slovenly. [U. P.] 73 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on Hebrew syntax. It is also possible that it formed part of a lengthy commentary on the Bible in which syntactical usages were fully discussed. This fragment deals with the use of the third person (28198 7%) in the Pentateuch instead of the first or the second, as 7¥9 Dx NAP Two Dyn ,AwWD TON, nwo Sx 4277. The author points out that the exceptions like ON" 3) 731y ans 8°” are few. The writer’s aim was evidently polemical, as in referring to this principle and to the one which preceded it, he observes: nam ayaw>s din psn 1D Nome posxox pam Danse xmy asqwrds mobs onto aN yixd. He then discusses repetitions of words which add nothing to the meaning, but are merely employed for rhetorical effect, as'131°? 7?a8 M7 °D (Ps. 92. 10); or for the sake of making the sentence more intelligible, as the repetition of MaM7 in 2ekingse2 saabo: One paper leaf, measuring 7X52 ins. (=17.8X13.6 cm.). The right upper corner is torn off. There are twenty-one lines to a page. Oriental square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. (Cobern.) 74 Part of Kimhi’s hebrew grammar $1$>9. The treatment of the verb ends on recto, |. 2, where the quinqualiteral verbs aN7Nd’ AN [ND) | are given. This is followed by Mown yw in a large square hand, and the page ends with NWA NNpP ANN (Fuerth edition, p. 153 a, I. 4). BIBLE 41 Verso continues recto, and ends with n> ap oyurw (p. 154 a, 1. 20). There are some minor variants, as Mown yw instead of YY mown pps. A narrow strip of parchment, measuring 101 43 ins.(=26 11.4 cm.). Only half of the width has been preserved. There are twenty- eight lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Amram.] II TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH (Texts, TRANSLATIONS, COMMENTARIES, AND DICTIONARIES). 75 Part of a codex of the Mishnah. Bikkurim 3.2-4.2. Recto column 1 begins with m7 o’[>wn>)] (3.2), and ends with sy DID) (3.4); recto column 2 continues column 1, and ends with sandy 130°) (3.7); verso column 1 continues recto column 2, and ends with p72 3”Nn (3.10); verso column 2 continues column 1, and ends with owixd my 4¥°D (4.2). The Mishnah paragraphs are numbered by the letters of the alphabet. But the division of the paragraphs does not always agree with that of the printed texts. Thus while in the printed texts chapter 3 of this tractate has 12 paragraphs, our fragment counts them as 11, the two paragraphs from mbnin till xx mMNnwm being regarded as Se One: There are only slight variants, such as O7°y son wn instead of om (3.3) and ovbwa onxa instead of obwd(ibid.). The orthography practically agrees with that of the printed texts, except for the frequency of ° to indicate a short 7. One parchment leaf measuring 63 X73 ins.(=17.419 cm.). Each page has two columns, and the number of lines on each column is twenty-four. Square character. The edges are burned. [Friedenwald.] 76 Part of a codex of the Mishnah. Nedarim 11.10-Nazir 3.2. Recto begins with 7722 xbw my) (Nedarim 11.10), and ends with m> (Nazir 1.7). The first legible word on verso is *p[¥] (bid. 2.1); it 42 TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 43 ends with [od] ANWR (zbid. 3.2). At the end of Nedarim there is 3” snob 8”) NID NIN, while the printed editions divide this chapter into twelve paragraphs. Nazir is headed ANOIP NPD. At the end of the second chapter of Nazir there is» xn2>bq ‘2 NpTD NIM. This fragment contains a number of variants: ]JNTy=p7y (Nedarim 11.10); Y= YNw (zbid. 11.11); omits nos before N7DINT (zbid. 11.12); nd and ION are reversed (zb7d.2.4); "8 070 for (PIN (Nazir 1.1,2); o07 for pun (ibid. 1.2); WiPwd for WPws> (ibid. 2.7); omits TIPWD after TNINWD (zbid.). One parchment leaf, badly damaged and obliterated, measuring 103 5% ins. (=26.6 X14.6 cm.). Twenty-eight fragmentary lines have been preserved toa page. Square character with superlineary vocaliza- tion. About one line is torn off at the top. [Sulzberger.] 77 Part of Pirke Abot. 1.6-2.3. Recto begins with Mm 72 (1.6), and ends with 9n (1.13); verso continues recto, and ends with mwna pwrnAt nn (2.3). At the end of the chapter there is ‘pb po. Variants: Rb» (1.13); ST IPSs (2.1); ANON MDD (did.); AWNYI may by (ibid.). A piece of parchment, one side torn off, measuring, where not torn, 8% 7% ins. (=20.6X18.1 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines which fill the page, with uniform spaces between the lines; verso has eighteen lines which cover three-fourths of page. Square character. [U. P.] 78 Part of a codex of the Mishnah. Zebahim 5.1-5.5. Recto begins with joIpO NIT APS (5.1), and ends with 77D (5.5); verso continues recto, and ends with the last word of 5.4. In this fragment 5.4 and 5.5 have changed places. There are some variants as well as scribal errors. S17 APS for 17S (5.1); Nim for MIT (2bzd.); in). NO on) for ...08 (5.1,2); waad for wana (5.3); mint (ibid.) is re- peated twice through dittography; 9 5 for }0 od (5.5). A narrow paper leaf, measuring 93X33 ins. (=25.19.2 cm.). Recto has thirty-one lines, while verso has only six, the rest of the page being blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulzberger.] 44 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 79 The first part of Mishnah Middot. 1.1-3. It is headed nm NDDN, and the last words are AN¥1 TDD. The orthography is inaccurate, and the vocalization faulty. Thus™ is sometimes used for ¥. The word 15°) (1.2) is erroneously vocalized 13°), There seem to be traces of the use of distinctive accents, like AE ziitel oe A piece of parchment, badly mutilated, measuring 536% ins. (=13X15.9 cm.). There are seventeen lines on recto, while verso is blank. Square character, with vowel-points. [Amram.] 80 Part of Mekilta Beshallah. The first legible words of recto are] oMwy (Mekilta, ed. Weiss, p. "3, 1.7); this page ends with the words ]5 ond ‘ox .oany7 alee (zbid., p. 59, 1.4). The first legible words of verso are ‘DIS Pow TAYywT (zbid., 1. 5.). The fragment ends with the words 1798N ADw (zd7d., 122.) Our manuscript offers some variants. In most cases it agrees with Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishma‘el; but in many paragraphs it follows Mekilta de-Rabbi Shim‘on b. Yohai. It thus forms a combination of the two famous recensions of the Mekilta. The paragraph on om wown is practically the same as in Mekilta de-Rabbi Shim‘on b. Yohai (ed. Hoffmann, p. 78, 1. 11, seg.). The orthography is as a rule that of our printed texts; but there is a number of scribal errors. Thus we have }2 instead of 72 (recto last line) and ]’S’S19 instead of ]Nx¥10 (Weiss, p. 59, 1. 6). ONS is some- times spelled jn&. The name of 7p’11'7 (Weiss, p. 59, 1. 2) is corrupted tOld DI Gilead: The paragraphs are marked by the letters of the alphabet. But the divisions do not agree with those of Mekilta de-Rabbi Shim‘on b. Yohai. Our fragment begins with the end of paragraph '3, wown om being marked '7. The passage ONIND TIX TY TwD Oy? DN) is super- scribed: 35 ans>m i nw. One parchment leaf, measuring 823X634 ins. (=21.2 X17 cm.). The top lines are burned, hence it cannot be ascertained how many lines there were originally on a page. Recto has now thirty-two, and TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 45 verso thirty lines. One of the lower corners is trimmed, but as no words are missing, it is obvious that it was in that shape when the scribe wrote on it. Square character. [Friedenwald.| 8! Part of the Sifra. Fol. 1a begins with nyV Nba mronn (Sifra Zaw, section 8.1), and ends with '>x nbpip mawnn ys Si>°(chapter 13.1); fol. 1b. continues la, and ends with nboiwn xm Nd) wb (13.9). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with N77 npidb) (Shemini, chapter 3.6), and ends with nbyn °D Soin ns (ibid., chapter 4.5); fol. 2b continues 2a, and ends with 727) 7751 MDdxy Syn onan (2bid., section 3.4). There is a number of orthographic and lexical variants, as well as differences in the arrangement of chapters and paragraphs. Thus what is chapter 4 in the printed edition is headed '1 pnb. Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, slightly damaged. Size 114X9 ins. (=28.6X22.8 cm.). There are thirty-one lines to a page. Bold square character. [Amram.] 82 Part of Yerushalmi Dammai. Recto begins with 'N& AIT NID '7 (2.1, p. 22d, 1. 15), and the last legible words are 191P9 77 (zbid., 1. 30); verso begins with xd) yun oY niyo (ibid., 1. 64), and last legible words are [}]>°s °2) pp (23a, 1. 4). As may be seen from the omission, the greater part of the leaf is torn off, and the number of lines may have originally been about thirty. There seem to be some variants. A piece of parchment, faded and torn on all sides, measuring 5X53 ins. (=12.714 cm.). Twelve lines have been preserved on each page. Square character. [Amram.] 83 Part of the }>won noxbot Na, 6-10. Fol. 1a begins with wpo poy. on aA ADD ms mpd ‘aw Iq pis wp? jane 3 aobw qonn ney yap mbapa (6), and 1b ends 46 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA with fan aAwy D548] ODN ond) (8); fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with ‘D8 WNP y2°OS yrsm ond px ana [ons] Awon aby, There are such radical and important variants as to lead us to the conclusion that this is an entirely different version from the one printed by M. Friedmann (Vienna, 1908). The above quotations in- dicate some of the variants, and mention may also be made here that from ty baa apis ays 227 to end of paragraph mn>an (Friedmann’s edition, p. 49) is omitted in this fragment. At the end of every chapter there is Np) p’9D, usually in a larger hand. Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, badly damaged. Size 117} ins. (=27.9X19 cm.). There. are twenty- seven lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursive- ness. [Sulzberger.] 84 Part of Midrash Rabbah. Wayyikra 25.1-26.3. Fol. 1a begins with yay 71a 77n 722 bye (25.1), and 1b ends with onyyn pant bs owan > omip> mwa (25.8). A few lines are torn off at the top of fol. 2a, where the first legible words are o>iya nn mnpy (ibid.); fol. 2b ends with 5”§ ANT O02 MNT AN) (26.3). Some important variants. Two parchment leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 1177 ins. (=27.9X20.1 cm.). There were thirty-one lines to a page. Square character. [Amram.] 85 Fragment of a compendium of the Palestinian Talmud. It practically covers the whole of tractate Rosh ha-Shanah and the greater bulk of tractate Ta‘anit. The excerpts are very short and far between. There is hardly any system, and there seems to be no guiding principle as to what to include and what to exclude. In this respect it is inferior to Al-Fas7 and ‘En Ya‘akob. Nevertheless this fragment is important for the text of the Yerushalmi, as it offers a considerable number of variants. A full table of contents may not be out of place. Fol. 1a begins with Jom ...707) Sy wn pny? 39 72 "Ww (Yeru- shalmi Rosh ha-Shanah 1.4). “oon ...177 and pyvoo bon anna yn TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 47 xnbo xm (ibid. 2.1). one Omst.. jow oxy mp (ibid. 2.2). INT" WNT Dp... Om Ja yow 1 n 1 ‘wopy (ibid., 2.6). 'R ON. . .mawA ayd maya (2bid.). Fol. 1b continues this paragraph which ends 7App 7 pan jpi’o (:bid.). Then follows the story about the conception and birth of the Amora Samuel, and the reason why he became a great man. It begins as follows 7709 as 13 >No NDT ONDN CNDwWN yom man Osiwa IN - SPaNN yD pOwIn PR mim. mMmndwr ons mnbxwa ont od NpvoN 'yaxd> pop owt Mas NANT (DWT TAS NANT TwyDd wir Nd MwId Ad Abb ‘sw. The rest of the story is practically the same as Halakot Gedolot, Gittin (ed. Hildesheimer, p. 337, bottom); but our fragment has a few more details. At the end of this story our fragment remarks sy? xb AND) MnDwK pron. Tosafot Kiddushin 73a under the head- ing "ND gives this story in short. In brackets the origin of this nar- rative is given as Yerushalmi, but a marginal note refers it to Halakot Gedolot. Fol. 2a has part of this narrative. Then the words Appr pas are repeated, and that passage of Yerushalmi is continued till °2) x7 11 TI NIN (4bid. 2.6). Fol. 2b continues this paragraph till °21 prrnbn (ibid.). Then come: pADPR Odin... .arpibx ‘nd (ibid. 2.9); amd ...prayow pio mp (ibid. 3.1); JN W3...y7 NT ANT a (ibid.); oTay mbw ans oipoa.. dn (ibid 3.5); rp ym ...pony 's nb ya ‘wir (9 (ibid. 3.8); the last line of this page is ‘1 ‘wa 19 '7 wD) Mow wT VND 7 SPs 1463.9). Fol. 3a continues this paragraph till yam Unbnn (ibid.). Then come: $$m7...amym (Mishnah 4.9); o>0...apy "1 (Gemara 4.8); this page ends with STyr‘'7...’ws1a ypn (zbid. 4.9). Fol. 3b continues this paragraph which ends with w > ms (ibid.). Then comes PDI RAI NIN (zbid.) till the end of Rosh ha- Shanah. This is followed by tractate Ta‘anit. The copyist here begins on another line, and heads it by nviynd (extracts from Ta‘anit). The first paragraph is OoY7 Sov x0 7"N (Ta‘anit 1.1). This page ends with 2°n TM PrP 93D ayn Nay P>ww ows d Ja! 41 wa pod "7 Ow > (zbid.; but the first part is missing in the printed texts). Fol. 4a continues this paragraph which ends with on>e7 a 171 '). Then comes: 18 N17 JD)... 19822 "IAT 1 ND (ibdid.). 48 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Fol. 4b continues this paragraph which ends with Ss NOY OND ~ywo Np (ibid.). Then comes: pn 17 PSX paynd pr (ibid. 1.4). This page ends a> man on man (zbid.). Fol. 5a continues this paragraph which ends with mdx0 ms 1D mynd) (cbid., second anecdote). Then come: 1b iprene ip es see S. (bids 156)" =D°DI se. NON aden s binalcucds) mbapw.. aNn (zbid.). The page ends with B27 ‘Pa Nyi¥a baw mp bya which is not in the printed texts. Fol. Sbibegms ana jaye seta al dyl) te 201d 7) een come: ]D°] NX’ (zbzd. 1.9) till end of chapter; 1"8...73N7 NS PND men Sy im NTDY ...8a Ta NM (ibid. 2.1). Fol. 6a continues this paragraph, and ends with 7°1D 'NS& P7¥2 IN. Fol. 6b continues this paragraph, and ends with xomo pyr por m9 PR PON), Fol. 7a continues this paragraph, and ends with JBX 71M” md Joya. Fol. 7b continues this paragraph, which ends with 1299 ‘nb Pus nan yown. Then come: pibd m73...p79NT PRN (ibid. 2.3); wp> ja ‘yow "2.499 didia ‘wim mayw on (ibid. 2.6). This page ends with this paragraph. Fol. 8a begins with M313 ...1Sap) 'ND .113 ADXO3 WY NS Tyw nD m—pyon (ibid. 2.7.8). “Then come?) O°91D) 2. 07S mye a 01d. 14 ie ...onw aga '» In (ibid. 2.15) till end of chapter; 3y "1D myn 7D bab bata g outta; ip>y pyrana (2bid. 3.1). This page ends with ‘a7 ’pwi ipo fa) ieg pales): Fol. 8b continues this paragraph which ends with °nN7 Nodbyd. Then come: may xypmt...’n2 ]10°D ON. . Vy JD) (ibid. 3.3); TOY TN INN? oo MDI eA b7d)) iad NINOS ID C0 07d This page ends with NqvD mm) Nd) (ibid.). Fol. 9a continues this paragraph which ends with man may NXd7. Then come: wow pad +. .72yn Tay poe 15 (btd.); TY 1D 727 WPS Domenie 1S 9/N OT INN ood ‘2 (ibid. 3.5). This page ends with ona TARY, Fol. 9b continues this paragraph which ends with 7°97 §?)°7 ’A2) (ibid. 3.6). Then come: ianp-y ...'yow i> nbw (ibid. 3.12); oy é 'D7 (ibid.). This page ends with pia m9 ‘x (ibid. 3.13). Fol. 10a continues this paragraph till 4}"0 xo>oy mn. Then come: the entire paragraph 3.14; myi...>°yi> pin (ibid. 4.1); 22.0" "7 TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 49 my) (zbid.); ONP (second) ...1pbD 'T (zb7d.); NYNIT.. OND Va N32 72 (zbid.). Fol. 10b: ‘xm ibyar.. 2200 mT 7a (ibid. 4.2); pap... 39m 77D (ibid.). This page which is the last of the fragment ends with 71n “yay pay: abe PIYND VT WWD WIS, There are a few marginal notes which relate to the text. The orthography is practically the same as that of the printed edition. Some words are punctuated. This is usually the case when a new reading is suggested for haggadic purposes, as p>aipn instead of o’ap9 (Rosh ha-Shanah 2.9). (=15.5%X11.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page ranges from nineteen to twenty-two. Ten paper leaves, measuring 63 X42 ins. Rabbinical cursive character. These ten leaves form one fascicle. [Adler. ] The string which holds them together is decayed. 86 Part of tractate Berakot. 7a—7b. Recto begins with...s)27 nvond [AN]& yin wyr m2) (7a, 1. 19), and ends with [0772 ommas] AwWYD [PIMs PRwD] (zdzd. 1. 42); verso continues recto, and ends with 7y 1 Mann °al) Ox) (which would have been 7b, 1. 28, if we had the same reading). Recto has a note which begins on top and continues on left-side margin, while verso has a note on right-side margin. Our fragment offers numerous variants, a few of which may be mentioned here: Fragment Printed Text nwranid [IMIs yn wyr ADDI base Sate) Spilph e\alsped Gehry eye) Soiniy IPA M9 YYSO NXP AIM VND aNd my ts DN NNd IN wp? Ost Sw imal Jina ayn mann mwp "31 >t 01 m2 miondyn [04K wi moo ‘nd ni 9 minndn os on pas cabo pay 'n on Tiehblgeh ly ath RASS ar Ake elie ty AGH Vt a) WII NwAND ‘AT TMAAwA MAT CPA gu07 om> ayso xp mood 2 yor sDuoin Spw an NY oNIpA KAW 1D) NDI VYID pa Mopw bw ima Fina my mann awp Spxw nw) 1 monbno ANY OTN oi>wax po inqaa a> mm SNe bebah mubate'ty] taken] yf cmb lg omy ape non? carbs by opp oar pain) on win med ans niin snd 82-98 147 7 dew) ps 50 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA One parchment leaf, measuring 83 X7¢ ins. (=21.6X18.1 cm.). Number of lines on each page is thirty-three. The leaf 1s damaged, especially in the corners. Square character. [Friedenwald.] 87 Part of tractate Shabbat. 74b-—75a. Recto begins with SY As MWY (74b), and verso ends with Dp voyn (75a) The variants are significant. Some paragraphs are arranged dif- ferently from what they are in the printed editions. The names of the authorities are usually omitted, the only exception in this fragment being 37 ‘ON NDI 1D NW AW ‘OX (75a). One parchment leaf, badly damaged, measuring 735% ins. (=193.X14.3 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, while verso has only twenty-eight. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 88 Part of a talmudic codex. Yebamot 22b—24b. Recto begins with 79 Tay NP CND PAN NWR Na My ONT ATT (22b, towards the end), and ends with pwitp nn, which is evidently some addition, as it is not found in the printed editions. Some lines are torn off. Verso begins with 8YOX mn Mw TPN Nd owt ord (24a), and ends with oy so57 nd ds (24b). There are many variants, some of which are important. In last line of 23a this fragment adds NM 72 after Pyow. Only the words NN wTpw °p of the Mishnah (23b) are quoted, and the discussion of the Gemara follows immediately. This proves that in this codex the entire Mishnah of a chapter was put at the beginning, as is the case in the Yerushalmi. The Mish- nah mnmpaen by ]y0I7 (fragment mmaw>) is not marked as such (24b), while the Baraita WS NWN by ]yvI7 (fragment nwxd) is headed "32nD (ibid.). A wide piece of parchment, damaged, measuring 83X12 ins. (=21.6X30.5 cm.). There are twenty-three lines to a page, besides marginal notes. The text is in a square hand, while the notes are in small Oriental cursive character. The heading '"2np is in large character. [Sulzberger.] qn — TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 89 Part of a talmudic codex. Tractate Sotah 2a—4a. Fol. la begins with 7AMw INN Np) (2a, 1. 18), and 1b ends with sod amb Ds on) (2b, 1. 8). Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with 0°24 NINDA no”’pny PR (3b, |. 39), and 2b ends with mp Jinb m7 wwnwy TD (4a, 1. 9). There are some insignificant variants, as ‘77D for ‘74D (Java 19); mM is omitted before NND (zbid., 1.20). The spelling Muw, which is in accordance with the Bible, may also be mentioned. Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet of aetaccicles) size $<53-ins, (=20'3<14.6 cm.).. Number of lines ranges from fifteen to seventeen to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 90 Part of tractate Baba Mesi‘a 86a (?). Recto begins with W170 78 WANT PI. KwTp (86, 1. 29), and verso ends with 139m xin Onn mI yow (ibid., 1. 38). Some of the Aramaic phrases have been translated into Hebrew, as, for instance, WNT IMS Nia’w Aw ANY for $72) RAAT WwS2 myn. But in most cases the talmudic phraseology has been retained. The nar- rative is rather shortened. Is it part of a book containing talmudic narratives? A piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 675 X 475 ins. (=16X 10.9 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 9| Part of tractate Menahot. 12b—13b. Recto begins with O18 n>-oND Ppawm (12b), and ends with |S boxd (13a). Verso begins with mn297 py ‘77 ‘py ‘nM (13b), and ends with *xo mdiop ara ana? wip> (ibid.). There are some variants, as the omission of bpp 89) (12b) and Fvxot S”pp (13a). There are also some corrections by a later hand. Thus the words 7M07 1 AS NO (13b), which had been omitted, were inserted above the line. 52 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA This fragments belongs to the same codex as Nos. 92, 93, and 94. A narrow piece of parchment, beautifully preserved, measuring 5§X3% ins. (=14.9X8.8 cm.).- Eighteen lines have been preserved to a page. Bold square character. While the lines are complete in themselves, the leaf must have been considerably longer (about thirty lines to a page), as a great number of words is missing between recto and verso. There may have been two columns to a page, one of which is cut off. [Amram.] 92 Part of tractate Menahot. 16a—16b. Recto begins with 7551 mwdwa pa (16a, 1. 37), and ends with m(w) ayats xunm] (16b, 1. 13). About one line is missing between recto and verso; the latter begins with ‘D7 JWOD RT ADYyN (zbid., 1. 14), and ends with wwp xb xn md sya mobimb (16b, |. 29). There is a number of variants, as bup...nnwsin by neyn b> for pp... .nnwen... (16a, 1. 43); m~3wm aAnwr ra Sypw yo for p> modwar... (ibid., 1. 45); INNP paNm for Ywp INNP pa Nm (16b, 1. 1); rpno for Pn (2bid., il. 5,6); minp> partys ps for paras pS (zdzd., 1. 12); bod for bpd (cbid., 1. 19); 197 wIp> xm for xaD wIp> KIM 1 enn? (ibid., Il. 23-29). This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 91, 93, and 94. A narrow piece of parchment, beautifully preserved, measuring 15375 ins. (=22.68.6 cm.). It is trimmed on all sides, but the length of the lines is intact. Twenty-nine lines have been preserved to a side; but judging from the missing words, each page seems to have had about thirty lines. There may have also been two columns to a page, one of which is cut off. Bold square character. [Lederer.] 93 Part of tractate Menahot. 17a. Recto begins with F377 NIT (17a, 1.10), and ends with Yupn svpnd pip (ibid., 1.29). Verso begins with nvm yaw mt nN mt pasyn mpaw (Mishnah 3 to end). This is followed by Gemara °DS 7"8 yimy 1”"8, and the page ends with T>°D8 pws (17a, last line). It is obvious that in this manuscript each chapter was preceded by the entire Mishnah appertaining to it, as in the Yerushalmi. TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 53 There are some variants, as the omission of x9 before rile b2), ~or (1.19), and 0"» (1. 24); it has S70N 37 ‘ONT for NTDN 7"s (1. 20) ANGUNIN fOr oN ies ty. This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 91, 92, and 94. A narrow piece of parchment, beautifully preserved, measuring 72X33 ins. (=19X9 cm.). Twenty-four lines have been preserved to a page. Bold square character. While the lines are complete in themselves, the leaf must have been considerably longer (about thirty lines to a page), as a great number of words is missing between recto and verso. There may have been two columns to a page, one of which is cut off. [Amram.] 94 Part of tractate Menahot. 18a—18b. Recto begins with bpp bom ona mind (18a), and ends with 'Dx ows (zbid.). Verso begins with 7”2NS bioD (zbid.), and ends with SIS PND nn x5) (18b). The Mishnah is not given, for in this codex, as in the Yerushalmi, each chapter was preceded by the entire Mish- nah appertaining to it. There are some variants, as ’n¥xp 891 yndn Sd Sy ona instead of *nwpa) rpobn... (18a). There are also some mistakes which have been corrected by a later hand. Thus S105 °> mnnww for miww (idid.). This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 91, 92, and 93. A narrow piece of parchment, beautifully preserved, measuring 73X45 ins. (=18.7X10.4 cm.). Twenty-four lines have been pre- served toa page. Bold square character. While the lines are complete in themselves, the leaf must have been considerably longer (about thirty lines to a page), as a great number of words is missing between recto and verso. There may have been two columns to a page, one of which is cut off. [Amram.] 95 Part of the ‘Aruk by Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome. Recto begins with Oxy Mion mony Vy? (s. v. Ds), and ends with xb wen 12 poand (s. v. Dax). Verso continues recto, though the first few words are torn off, and ends with (!)ANIT DAN AS AML (s. v. mNIT DAR). 54 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA There are some interesting variants. The quotation from Be- reshit Rabbah 19 (s. 7. Maas) is as follows: O48 722 by PI¥D Po” nynw Mon) TON OM Vp. This leaf belongs to the same fascicle as No. 96, which continues it. Indeed the small portion attached to this fragment is part of No. 96. One paper leaf and a small portion of another, badly damaged and torn, measuring 83 X64 ins. (=21.6X15.5 cm.) There are twenty- two lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 96 Part of the ‘Aruk by Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome. Recto begins with NIM Awy wWITD (s. v. ANI DIX) and the last legible words are 'O& TDWTAT NWIA (s. v. PAN). Some words are missing between recto and verso; the latter begins with MM 5D ]Aw, and the last legible words are 72 As [NT AI]. This leaf contains important variants, as 2238 Dxyow pwba sapn -yrrbs for Sxyow "Sa o~ytds aN NPI AMD OXxD? Nbw ATAND for AMD ND) Row —Paxd; yow 17 for ww 17 (the reading of this frag- ment is decidedly superior). There is also a number of scribal errors. One paper leaf, badly damaged and torn, measuring 736% ins. (=19x15.5 cm.). Recto has preserved eighteen lines, while verso still has twenty-one. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. This leaf belongs to the same fascicle as No. 95 of which it is a continuation. Indeed the small portion attached to No. 95 is part of this fragment. [Lederer.] 97 Part of the ‘Aruk by Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome. These fascicles cover the words pD—¥7. Of this section about a fourth has been preserved, as eighteen leaves are missing altogether, while more than a half of each leaf is cut off. This fragment contains some interesting variants. ‘There are in- dications that the author arranged his work into books and chapters, which were numbered. Every letter of the alphabet formed a separate TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH ays book, and there were accordingly twenty-two books, while the second letter of the word began a new chapter. Thus all words beginning with 38 belonged to book 1, chapter 1, while words beginning with 18 were included in book 1, chapter 2, and so forth. Being an adherent of the biliteral theory, the author did not make a separate chapter for the third radical. Owing to the missing parts in this fragment, most of the chapter headings are wanting, and none of the book headings is given; but the following are numbered: nm”? p15 before 15 (fol. 3b); ‘1 p15 before 1% (fol. 14a); ‘1 pnb before 7p (16a); ‘epabebetoresOps folmli/a).= eo Dabetore:.}q) (fol.221b).5 01> pab before pn) (22a). The first word of each paragraph is in large square character. Twenty-two parchment leaves, made up into five fascicles. Size 4ix<7% ins. (=10.4X20cm.). Originally each fascicle seems to have consisted of eight leaves, but only the first fascicle had been preserved in its entirety. At present fascicle 1 has eight leaves, Mis De ae six . I 3} eel OUT a 6 4 66 two 66 os Se two nM Only thirteen lines to a page have been preserved; but judging from the missing parts, fifteen lines or more have been cut off. Accordingly there must have been twenty-eight or thirty lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 98 Part of a Hebrew-Arabic glossary to the Mishnah. Only dif- ficult or unusual words and expressions are explained. The arrange- ment of the words is not alphabetic, but follows the order in which they occur in the Mishnah. This fragment, some parts of which are entirely obliterated, covers the following tractates: Horayot: The first expression that can readily be decipherd in line 1 is 77 M>1y yaqp (2.9); Abot: The first word is mam (1.10). The next word is 7)) (1.13); Zebahim: The first word is Vnon (2.4); Menahot: The first word to be explained is 21a8 (10.4). The frag- ment ends with yo" 'r'm” onda onw> yor ‘9T'r (11.4). 56 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA One parchment leaf, measuring 6X53 ins. (=15.2X14 cm.). Number of lines on recto and verso is thirteen and fourteen, respect- ively. Square character. [Adler.] 99 Part of Rashi’s commentary on tractate‘Erubin (without text). 88b-89b. Fol. 1a begins with mox ‘1 Sy mox '7 Nyy (88b), and 1b ends with MD’)7p) MI MVxXN 'oN) (89a); fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with m Sy mx’nD wy (89b). There are some interesting variants. Thus the printed edition has nt 1a inawy ob) (89a). This fragment, however, reads 0°93) mt uit naw, Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 13 x54 ins. (=17.3X13.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty- four to twenty-five to a page. Square character with a distinct tend- ency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 100 Part of the Arabic original of Maimonides’ commentary on the Mishnah. This fragment contains a portion of the preface explaining the reason for the arrangement of the various tractates. Fol. 1 discusses the arrangement of the tractates from Kil’ayim to Ta‘anit. Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with Horayot, and 2b ends with Kinnim. Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 83X52 ins. (=21.6X14.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-one to twenty-two to a page. Square char- acter with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 101 Part of Maimonides’ Arabic commentary on Mishnah Middot. Recto begins with middle of 1.8. The second chapter is headed *1¥ P7D in a large square hand. Verso ends with the middle of 2.4. One paper leaf, slightly damaged and faded, measuring 93X63 ins. (=24.116.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-three TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH oh to twenty-four. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram. } 102 Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (77) °winn ieee Recto begins with anv sTyww wimm (Niddah 14b; Commen- tary, Mv’w Mwon, Sulzbach, 1752, p. 82c, |. 17), and verso ends with wind Sax normd prwa (Niddah 15a; Commentary, ibid., 1.58). There are some important variants. This leaf belongs to the same codex as Nos. 103, 104, 105, and 106. One paper leaf, measuring 74§ X53 ins. (=20.114.3 cm.). There are twenty-four lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Adler.] 103 Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (97) (won yan). | Fol. 1a begins with 19 PS NASD omiw> wind (Commentary, p. 82c, 1. 58). After 100 v>n orden DS sw our manuscript inserts a few lines from a paragraph which should be placed in the next page. This paragraph is 77S ‘DIS w"a IND (op. cit., p. 82d, 1. 20). It is after- * wards repeated. This commentary continues till the bottom of fol. 2b which ends with mnN71 Now 0515 wwn (op. cil., p. 83a, 1. 4). Sixteen leaves are missing between fol. 2b and 3a. The sixteen leaves marked 104 are to be inserted here. Fol. 3a begins with }}D119 18 Pond (op. cit., 85c, 1. 37). This commentary continues till the bottom of fol. 4b which ends with nw>w ‘maa cinptp Nds (op. cit., p. 85d, 1. 56). This fragment offers a number of variants some of which involve complete sentences, while others are merely phraseological. The pages of tractate Niddah are marked on the margin by a later hand. This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 102, 104, 105, and 106. Four paper leaves. 875 X54 ins. (=20.414.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page is twenty-four. Rabbinic cursive character. These four leaves formed the outer sheets of a fascicle which, perhaps, consisted of twenty leaves. The inner sixteen leaves are found in the Adler collection (see No. 104). [Friedenwald.] 58 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 104 Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (77) °wo4n ‘statin This fragment begins with DTA Pm) wown non (Commentary, 1752, p. 83a, 1. 4), and ends with }>19 onnaaws Nox AM pan pr (op. cit., bre, I. ah The variants are very slight in this fragment. The pages of tractate Niddah are marked on the margin by a later hand. This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 102, 103, 105, and 106. Sixteen paper leaves, measuring 87 X54 ins. (=20.414.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page is twenty-four. Rabbinic cursive char- acter. These sixteen leaves are fastened together by a string. They are continuous, and are to be inserted between fol. 2b and 3a of No. 103. [Adler.] 105 Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (77) °witn Pale) Fol. 1a begins with 195m xd1.. Sn) 5079 Tox aw DAd ADI mmMw> JON many Synw 3 wap mSX (Niddah 32a; Commentary, 86a, 1. 8 from bottom), and fol. 16b ends with °> 148 CND (DID ODA ONT Qx> @> sano (Niddah 40b). There is a number of variants, some of which are important. This fascicle belongs to the same codex as Nos. 102, 103, 104, and 100. Sixteen paper leaves, fastened by a string and forming one fas- cicle, Size /4¢ <5 ins..(=20,1 x 14/3" cm.).) There are twenty-tour lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Adler.] 106 Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (77) °witn Stat Fol. 1a begins with amadb -yava atnuw w 1 m9 Dd) (Niddah 42a; Commentary, p. 89b, |. 26), and fol. 18b ends with ‘ni aya pwd ‘WIP paasS ww (Niddah 61b; Commentary, p. 92a, |. 59). There is a number of variants, some of which are important. This fascicle belongs to the same codex as Nos. 102, 103, 104. and 105. TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 59 Eighteen paper leaves, fastened by a string and forming one fas- cicle. Size 74¢ 5% ins. (=20.1X14.3 cm.). There are twenty-four lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Adler.] 107 Part of a kabbalistic commentary on tractate Berakot. Recto of each leaf is headed M373 nDdD%9, while verso has the superscription 'S pb, Fol. 1 has nothing but the commentary, but the lower right-hand corner of fol. 2a has °DY ‘9 778 NIN (Berakot 3a), which is continued on the right side of 2b, the commentary being written on the left side. The quotation from the text ends with pad 2 [8 dim] (zbid.). The text is shorter than that of the printed editions, and there are some lexical variants, as the words m>xp mban ...7>y mbw % px) are omitted, and it has m& (ND Iw) -Ma nsx cnaanmw > pad cia nis ombam] (!) $x. Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 8264 ins. (=22.2X16.4 cm.). There are twenty-eight lines to a page. The text is in bold square character, while the commentary is in a Spanish cursive hand. [Amram.] 108 Part of a commentary or responsum on tractate Hagigah 21b and 22a (in connection with the immersion of vessels). The opinions of Raba and R. Ela Uragment reads *xybx, whereas printed edition has xb°s) are quoted. A narrow piece of parchment, the greater part of which is torn off, measuring 63 X2# ins. (=16.4X7 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines, while verso has twenty. Square character with a tendency to cur- siveness. [Amram.]| 109 Part of a commentary on tractate Yebamot 22b-25a. This com- mentary is more extensive than that of Rashi. Recto discusses MMDwy mmxd vp (22b). The page must have been very large, as verso begins with the explanation of 29 25v) 0°) 5 (24b). The last words are xxn xb ony x29 °D (discussion of 25a). 60 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA A piece of parchment, faded and badly damaged, only the lower corner having been preserved. Size 5377s ins. (=13.7X17.9 cm.). The number of lines cannot be ascertained. Rabbinic cursive character. [Amram.] 110 Part of an Arabic commentary on tractate Baba kamma 4/a-— 50a. Fol. 1a has explanations of the words Nov’D and NM) (47a). This is followed by PM7p D'DMw AIPM, and the discussion is continued on 1b; 2a begins with and PDD Mw Nw (48b), and 2b ends with the discussion on R. Ishmael’s supposed opinion concerning the owner of the pit (50a). . Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, measuring 635 ins. (=16. 412.7 cm.). The number of lines ranges from sixteen to nineteen to a page, except 1b which has only seven, the lower half being blank. [Amram.] Hil Part of a lengthy commentary on tractate Shebu‘ot. These two leaves cover Shebu‘ot 12a—14b. No authorities are quoted; but the writer seems to belong to the school of Nahmanides. Two paper leaves, one of them badly damaged and torn, measuring 73 xX 576 ins. (=18.1X<15 cm.).. The upper part is torn off, and the number of lines preserved is twenty-two to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 112 Part of an extensive commentary (not by Nahmanides) on ‘Abodah Zarah. 37b-38b. Recto begins with an explanation of ANDY PDD (37b), and verso ends with 1) minw pa (38b). One paper leaf, badly damaged and torn, measuring 735% ins. (=19X14.6cm.). Recto has twenty-two lines, while verso has twenty- three. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 61 113 Colophon of a book entitled MwNIA WIT (not Bereshit Rabbah). Recto has the concluding formula of the book, which ends 791] on mvysia wat. While practically the entire passage, consisting chiefly of biblical verses of consolation, is in Hebrew, there are two Arabic words (ndip nani: ‘may He fulfil His promise’) which would lead to the assumption that the book was written in Arabic, though not necessarily so. Verso is blank. One paper leaf, measuring.8 X54 ins.(=20.3 X 14.9 cm.). Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 114 Part of a haggadic commentary on Genesis similar to Midrash Rabbah. | Fol. 1 covers the end of Wayyesheb and the beginning of Mikkes (Genesis 40.18-41.3). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. Fol. 2 deals with Wayyiggash (ibid. 46.28-47.14). This fragment contains additional matter not found in the printed text of the Midrash Rabbah. Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 634% ins. (=16.1X12 cm.). The upper part is torn off, but there were at least thirty lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 115 Part of a rationalistic treatise on haggadic passages in the Midrash and Talmud. Fol. 1b begins with nym) mAbNA which concludes the writer’s discourse on some haggadah. This is followed by ]a9 ow yor? "9 Ox DIDI WIAD maw obo (Exodus Rabbah 38.8), and by °n oom 31272 1ne nn nwo mwod "371d Ws pny? "7 ADS 827 DN IS (Berakot 32a). At the bottom of this page is the word m5°>n with which the following page began. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. The latter concludes a discourse perhaps on ond 15 7108 nna xba nm odin yo mmw (Berakot 35a). This is followed by 708 M973 WS WD 13 PSY m3 BS 37 (ibid. 40b) and WIS VSO '7 77 LIVY TON JON "yoaw DAY Nw P10 (7bid. 50a). Fol. 2b concludes the 62 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA discourse on the preceding passage, and is followed by iY wpaw jax m5 opm enon Sxnwd pind (ibid. 54b). Maimonides is quoted: m>sq mivwn cny 5"? o”apnn awa 72D bw mwon wiprp nmnpa mobyin Fpuiybimbal (Rob, CAgy 1h 23 n The text of the Midrash and Talmud presents numerous variants. Two paper leaves, measuring 73X63 ins. (=20X15.5 cm.). Number of lines on each page is twenty-seven. Rabbinical cursive character. Fol. 1 is pasted to a piece of cardboard which was one of the covers of this codex. Fol. la is thus entirely covered. Fol. 2a is marked MP which proves that we are in the middle of the book. [ Adler. } 116 Part of a collection of homilies for various occasions and dis- courses on midrashic passages. The first six leaves deal with a sermon in connection with the Book of Joshua. Fol. 6b has only six lines, the rest of the page being blank. It bears obwn on. Fol. 7a is headed ywim’, and begins the discourse with Joshua 14.6. This ends on fol. 8a. On the next page there is a sermon headed niyo wins, which ends on fol. 11b. Then follows a discourse headed xx mv3p> apn, which ends on fol. 13a, I. 11. Then follows a short discourse on 3"3 WON NVIN 72 Non Awa nd ‘9 WR BIND ODYD (Leviticus Rabbah 34.1). The six leaves referred to above contain four short homilies on midrashic subjects, the third of which is headed 771n 1n29 MND. The last two leaves are in the same writing as the first fourteen. They contain two homilies for Passover. The first is headed nop bw yay ord apND DD, and the second 72ND man mow nop> omy. Of the latter the first part alone has been preserved. It belongs to the same codex as No. 117. Twenty-two paper leaves, fastened together by a string and form- ing one fascicle. The leaves are numbered, and are in consecutive order from 7) to 7D. Size 8§X57% ins. (=20.6X15 cm.). With the exception of six leaves (marked from nm) to 1D, which are in an entirely different hand, and may have been inserted from another codex or from another treatise), there are twenty-three lines to a full page. The other six leaves have twenty-four lines to a page. Italian rab- binic cursive character, while the headings are in a beautiful square hand. [Adler.] TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 63 117 Part of a collection of homilies for various occasions and discourses on midrashic passages. Fol. 1a begins with the middle of a discourse on Ww? NON IN PR WD piny Nd ts WNIT ANow (Exodus Rabbah 23.4). This discourse is concluded at the bottom of fol, 1b. Fol. 2a is headed ann jnob, and has a discourse on }ONT A M77 1" NON 7 OWA NVIN- TA TTY>N 78 13) 71n 81)p (Bereshit Rabbah 1.10). Six difficulties are pointed out by the author, and he proceeds to answer them. At the end of fol. 2b we are still in the middle of the discourse. It belongs to the same codex as No. 116. Two paper leaves, measuring 875 X5% ins. (=20.414.9 cm.). Number of lines on each page is twenty-three. Italian rabbinic cursive character. The leaves are marked 1"D, nD. [Friedenwald.] 118 Part of a book containing stories from rabbinic literature on the merits of charity. One parchment leaf, torn and faded, measuring 6234} ins. (=17. 111.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from thirty to thirty-two. Small square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 119 Part of a treatise, in Hebrew, in the form of an ethical will, on the merits of charity. It contains abundant quotations from rabbinic literature. Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 87552 ins. (=20.414.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-five to twenty-six to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 120 Fragment of mpiop mo5n. Recto begins with mnDw (p. 85, |. 17 of Schlossberg’s edition, 1886), and ends with the paragraph m>oya> nwy mexmw moxdo ibs) (ibid.,p. 86, 1. 4). It seems that in our fragment this paragraph was 64 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA longer. But this part is almost entirely damaged, and the nature of the additional matter cannot be ascertained. Verso begins with 732 nx [Ap] (zbid., p. 86, 1. 12), and ends with md PR IN (zb7d., p. 86, 1. 2 from bottom). Our fragment offers a number of important variants. Thus the printed edition has "np 20° NvINd TDN APD (ibid., p. 85, 1. 19), while our fragment reads Anp’10 °D MY Ty NvrT>d Ad TON Ap 2D. In our fragment after the precept about nursing a baby there is a precept about the share a daughter is to have in her father’s inher- itance. The case dealt with is that of a man who dies without leaving a will. This precept hardly belongs here, and is missing in the printed edition. The formula of introducing a talmudic passage in the printed edition is 7329 11n; but our fragment has D’9DN lw. One parchment leaf, measuring 7% X6% ins. (=20X17.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page was probably twenty-nine. The lower part is badly damaged, and the writing is scarcely legible; it is there- fore impossible to ascertain the exact number of lines. Square character. [Friedenwald.] 121 Six responsa in Arabic and part of Hefes b. Yasliah’s Book of Precepts. Responsum 1 (fol. 1a) is a discussion about the representative a woman appoints to receive her bill of divorce. Only the end of this responsum is preserved. Responsum 2 (fol. 1b) deals with the question whether the pro- hibition against making a betrothal party on a festival refers to that which the bridegroom makes or to that which the bride’s father makes for the bridegroom. The answer is that it refers to the latter. Responsum 3 (zbid.) deals with the question whether it is per- missible to rescue a Jew who had confessed to murder and was ar- rested and sentenced to death by a non-Jewish court. In the reply several passages from the Talmud are cited, and the decision is that it is not Only permissible, but it is the duty of every Jew to rescue that man by all possible means. Responsum 4 (fol. 2b) deals with the question whether a Jew may have his unleavened bread baked by a non-Jew who acquired skill in kneading and baking rapidly, thereby preventing fermen- TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 65 tation of the dough. The reply is that if a Jew supervises the work, such a procedure is to be recommended. Incidentally the writer speaks of the limit of the quantity of dough that may be baked at one time. Responsum 5 (fol. 4b) deals with the question whether a man is permitted to obstruct the prayers in order to have his grievances redressed. The answer is that it is allowed; but if after being promised redress he persists in obstructing, he should be ejected. Of responsum 6 (zb7d.) only the beginning of the question is pre- served. It deals with people who come to synagogue in the early hours of the morning during the festivals and Sabbaths to recite Psalms. Fol. 5a-fol. 36a contain part of the Book of Precepts (saws anNnd) by Hefes b. Yasliah. Our fragment begins with the middle of the eighth precept of the third section of part 3, book 3. This part deals with civil law appertaining to damages and sacrifices that are to be brought as a duty. Part 4 (fol. 12b) is headed Sods on aon ywswe yo Tox bys nanbs *>y 457 apn yin °b1 syn moiypods paxapos °» oy’ Ja yen ayw "> orp pip2>s orp Syords vp aytadbx 21 197 741 yo 0° Jo. Part 5 (fol. 29a) is headed A¥I¥DD NNDNID WRawds yo ‘abs Sxpbds msaxyn nmaobs) Sonbs °p amo mbox ja yan babs ox *posn JN20) Nor bD°B orbn aDNN yRaw ‘vy ur 7d7 Vn Ayiss0. At the end of fol. 36a we reach as far as the middle of precept 3 of book 5 which is a very long one and deals with the defilement of vessels. Here the manuscript breaks off, though we are in the middle of a sentence, and fol. 36b is blank. This codex, therefore, never contained the entire book. Fol. 37a has in plain square writing 2m pms ana apy PRSNST NIT mao rer abd 75D JON. Fol. 37b has, in a different writing, a list of debtors who owed money to one of the owners of this codex. sop wor NIT oT dys oan tay Nap 77°32 Dds 1a Tay p1‘robyods may pn? ADP Tay Seer OREN bo Vols Lie pmol se This fragment was published with a Hebrew translation, notes, and an introduction by B. Halper, Philadelphia, 1915. 66 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Thirty-six and a half paper leaves, measuring 67% X55 ins. (=17.6X13.5 cm.). The number of lines on a page of the first four leaves ranges from 18 to 19, while the pages of the remainder of the codex have 23, 24, and 25 lines. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. These leaves are made up into four fascicles which are fastened together by a string. The first fascicle which hangs rather loosely contains four leaves. It is no doubt incomplete. The other fascicles originally consisted of ten leaves each. As was customary among scribes, the last page of a fascicle bears at the bottom the word with which the following fascicle begins. Every fascicle is marked by a letter of the alphabet. Guided by these signs we can know with certainty that the first fascicle did not form part of the original codex, and that the fascicle which is now second was the first, for the third, fourth, and fifth fascicles are marked 3, 1, and 7, respect- ively. Of the second fascicle eight: leaves are preserved; the first two leaves are torn off, while the last two are pasted to the following fascicle. It thus appears to have only six leaves. Fascicles 3 and 4 are complete, each having ten leaves. The last fascicle has only three and a half leaves of writing belonging to this codex, verso of the fourth leaf being blank, while fol. 37 which is a narrow strip bears a few notes by a later hand (see above). The first four leaves are of a lighter hue than the others, but the writing is similar to, if not identical with that of the other fascicles. [ Adler. ] tafe Part of a Book of Precepts in Jewish-Arabic. The preserved fragment was part of the introduction in which the author explained his system. This work 1s neither by Maimonides nor by Hefe bb. Yasliah, although the author followed the latter in many respects. Apparently Hefes may have been the author, except for the fact that in this fragment the word xX is employed, whereas Hefes invariably uses my°w. Is it identical with the work a fragment of which was published by Neubauer in JOR., VI, p. 705? Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 675 X5z ins. (=16X13.3cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen to a page. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 67 123 Part of Al-Fasi’s compendium of Pesahim. Fol. 1a begins with m>y 7 OND p"ny (chapter 10, p. 20b, I. 36, Vilna edition), and 1b ends with '®) NOP NOIR FIA (21a, |. 15); fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with Np m51D MID (ibid., 1,28). The words x1 79 NOD) NOD 4D by FA fell out through homoio- teleuton. Otherwise there are some insignificant variants. These leaves are to be inserted in No. 124. Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 67474 ins. (=—15.5x11.9 cm.) There: are .thirteen lines toa page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] [24 Part of Al-Fasi’s compendium of Pesahim. Fol. 1a begins with m272 pnyow oratat >$20 (chapter 10, p. 20b, 1.10, Vilna edition), and 1b ends with 7357 ps Sxvow ‘pw (ibid., 1.25). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a (No. 123 is to be inserted here). The latter begins with °° newb -yawn ov pa md (21a, 1. 38), and 2b ends with ww and oym cm Dn (ibid., 1. 48). There are some variants, as the omission of $728 at the beginning of fol. 2a. Instead of OYyn in last line of 2b, the scribe first wrote nnodby which he crossed out. This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 123. Two paper leaves,forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 63 X44 ins. (=15.511.9 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 125 Al-Fasi’s compendium of Baba batra. Recto begins with DIn& now pa (Vilna edition, 67b, last line), and verso ends with 72) 15s (68a, end of Mishnah). One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 975 X53 ins. (=23x14.3 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines, while verso has only seventeen. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 68 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 126 Part of Al-Fasi’s treatise on Tefillin, extracted mostly from tractate Menahot, chapter 3, with a commentary. Fol. la begins with the commentary, which is followed by °s7 popnt xn7ayp (Vilna edition, 7a, bottom}. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with by prrayn pr wpb ]3 mxoar (8b, |. 8), and fol. 2b ends with ovmw on (ibid., 1. 29). There are some important variants. Two paper leaves, torn and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle:. “ize “O02 X5750 1ns), (| =1/s1>c13)2 cm.) ee hneresare thirtecn lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursive- ness. [Amram.] ar | Fol. 1 is part of Al-Fasi’s compendium of tractate Hullin. Fol. 1a begins with m710x md1D npn (AI-Fasi, Hullin, p. 38, 1. 13, Vilna edition), and ends with ik, yowd SP NT (zbid., 38b, 1.9). fol. 1b continues la, and ends with Dwr ja bw (ibid., 39a, 1. 17). The paragraphs which are included in brackets in the printed edition are missing here. They are obviously later interpolations, as they are not found in the extensive commentary of R. Nissim. Thus the long paragraph from a5n npy (38a, 1. 15) to amo 1wmo0> 7weK (38a, 1.46) is missing in our fragment, and not a single note On it occurs in R. Nissim’s commentary. Sporadic vocalization and marginal notes have been added by a later hand. The notes supply sentences which were omitted by the scribe. Fol. 2 contains part of a treatise in Arabic on the ordinances con- cerning Shehitah and Terefot. The style and orthography are rather vulgar. Asarulea short u is represented by }, but in some cases it is indicated by*. Is it by Samuel b. Jacob ibn Jam’? Two parchment leaves, measuring 63 X 67g ins. (=15.5 15.3 cm.). Number of lines on each page of fol.1 is fifteen, while on foll.2a and 2b there are twenty-two and twenty-one lines, respectively. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. These two leaves formed part of a fascicle the inner leaves of which are missing. The writing is the same on both leaves, but the characters of fol. 1 are much larger TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 69 than those on fol. 2. This is to be accounted for by the fact that dif- ferent treatises are written on these leaves. [Adler.] 128 Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah. Hilkot Talmud Torah. 4.7- Shee Recto begins with 7193 sos ann (4.7), and verso ends with mn ayo wpm: awd (5.3). There are marginal notes in Arabic, added by a later hand, to ex- plain difficult words. The word commented upon usually has a circle over it. Thus 777702 is explained by 75 ]¥=(43 cp). The paragraphs are not numbered. Chapter 5 is headed p75 WT, (It probably belongs to the same codex as the other Yad ha-Haza- kah fragments of the Amram collection.) One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 92 X64 ins. (= 24.8 17.4 cm.). There are twenty-two lines toa page. Square character witha tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 129 - Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah. Hilkot Tefillah. 12.20-24. Recto begins with VYDDN aby (12.20), and ends with ‘na 59) (12.24). There are some insignificant variants, as 137¥ instead of 13700? (12.23). The word wp is omitted in 12.20 The paragraphs are not numbered. The left-hand margin has scribbling in Arabic characters, and >| es!) ai} ~~ is very plain. Verso, which was originally blank, is covered with scribbling in Arabic characters. One paper leaf, measuring 93.575 ins. (=23.6%13.8 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.| 130 Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah. Hilkot Tefillah 13.14- Hilkot Tefillin 7. Fol. 1a begins with the middle of man moon. The first line is 12 PRVP VM WIDNw Dx (chapter 13, paragraph 14; the printed edition has 17 DNw myiym idx). 70 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Chapter 13 of 745n mobn ends on fol. 3a, 1. 13. Chapter 14 extends from fol. 3a, 1. 14, to fol. 6b, 1. 3. Chapter 15 extends from fol. 6b, |. 4, to fol. 8b, 1. 19. This chapter which is the end of m2bn mb5n ends with (m>D mx) JON=) DIN ]y’OT yor 7a. ‘Then follows the title Wn WDD AN poan ma>n which ends fol. 8b, as well as the fascicle. A leaf is missing between fascicle 1 and fascicle 2. The first line of fascicle 2 (fol. 9a) is DwD DIT HSpr Son J My (chapter 1, paragraph 6 of '1D) popn maz). This chapter ends on fol12a;-18 4: Chapter, 2 extends from: folosl2a 2 to, fol i4 elo. Chapter 3 extends from fol. 14, 1. 17, to fol. 19a, 1.1. Chapter 4 extends from fol. 19a, |. 2, to fol. 24, 1. 5. Chapter 6 extends from fol. 24a, 1. 6, to fol. 26a, 1. 16. Chapter 6 extends from fol. 26a, 1. 17, to the bot- tom of fol. 28b which is the end of our fragment. On the lower left- hand corner are the words "y’a¥ p15 with which the next page began. The last page of this manuscript is obliterated in many places. Although the paragraphs are divided from one another by three dots, they are not numbered in this fragment. Our manuscript offers a number of variants in phraseology. Twenty-eight paper leaves, measuring 9g X6% ins. (=23X15.5 cm.). These leaves form three fascicles which are fastened together by a string. Originally each fascicle had ten leaves, and fascicles 2 and 3 still consist of this number. But the outer sheet, that is to say, two leaves of fascicle 1, is missing. Hence we miss one leaf at the beginning of this fascicle and one leaf at the end. Number of lines on each page ranges from twenty-two to twenty-three. Bold square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 131 Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah. Issure Bi’ah. First legible word is saa (1.5); last legible words are NIT PDd[D ow lniwmM (127); One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 93 X5# ins. (=23.1 14.6 cm.). There are twenty-four lines to a page. Oriental square character, with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH et 132 Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah, Hilkot ‘Akum, chapter 1. Recto begins with 771 AMay ANS, and ends with Fwd xdw: verso continues recto, and ends with oban 7010 eto One paper leaf, badly damaged and torn, measuring 936? ins. (=24.1X17.1 cm.). There are twenty-two lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.| 133 Part of Hebrew text and Arabic translation of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah. Hilkot Shehitah 2.7-15. The Arabic translation, which is literal, follows each paragraph. The first word or so in the Hebrew paragraphs is in red ink. Every Arabic paragraph is headed nw, also in red ink. The paragraphs are not numbered. Fol. 1a begins with the Arabic translation of ADAYA (NANDPa, 2.7), and fol. 6b ends with pwstpan *>iwD (2.15). This fragment contains lexical variants as well as differences in the arrangement of paragraphs. Thus 7x27 for ANAM (2.8). Para- graph 10 begins with TInkw Ow J) TW) INO’ TASS OVS CY ONY, whereas in the printed edition it begins with 1ynww ov. We also have mone ir oan for nw°nmw an (zbtd.). Paragraphs 11 and 12 are run together, whereas paragraph 13 is divided into two (0°727 71 being a new paragraph). The translator may be Samuel ha-Dayyan (see No. 134). Six paper leaves, forming a small fascicle of three sheets. Size 53x32 ins.. (=14X9.5 cm.). Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. There are twelve lines to a page. [Amram.] 134 Probably the title-page of a Jewish-Arabic book on the laws of slaughtering animals by Samuel ha-Dayyan ha-Maskil. Recto has in bold square character: 'p')’) 772sn '2 AW nD>n SIU an Sxiow wa) 140. Then follow a few phrases which may have been part of the preface Tox par pryds Thos xx ndxo MNON. [NWS AWN TNyRV> TNs 10 2y ay No 75 yoin TS, V2 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA but the first line is repeated twice, and the rest is mere scribbling. It appears as though some one utilized the blank space to test his pen. This is confirmed by verso which has several times obp mann, and a number of letters of the alphabet. One paper leaf, damaged and torn, measuring 643% ins. (=15. Seo ici seamratie| 135 Part of a collection of laws by various scholars of Rome. Recto has the end of the laws of slaughtering by Abraham b. Elijah of Rome (a’md: os ‘anna ontay.. oo? Sy neene moon iby 917 we). This is followed by Hilkot Terefah by Judah b. Benjamin of Rome. The author’s preface is first given, explaining the object of writing this book. Seeing many of his countrymen rendering deci- sions in a lenient way, relying in every case upon that gaonic authority who declares a thing permitted, the author ‘arose to clarify matters’. Then comes the superscription 173 ANA 17 ADnw Ap 7 ma>n ‘DDD mow opbm oni wr y") por. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 835% ins. (= 20.6 14.1 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso has twenty. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 136 Fol. 1 contains excerpts from tannaitic literature. It might have been some sort of code similar to the Halakot Pesukot. Fol. ta begins with 772) Antya...ayob: md mony yap im Nd (comp. Berakot 62a). Then follows a paragraph marked nm which deals with the laws of writing a scroll. It begins with n21015 mvyd ox In ID) 7&2 (comp. Sukkah 133b), and is followed by atybs }2 Pyow jan nD) pmin> 779 VN 737 Dw Ws (comp. Sifre Re’eh, section 61,p. 87b, ed. Friedmann, where this statement is ascribed to R. Ishmael). Fol. 1b continues this paragraph as far as oD 79x ‘nb }> wyn n> (our frag- ment has 7398 3D5). Then comes a new paragraph marked ¥ which begins with 1D) ppnaiw maw a w’ (comp. Shebu‘ot 35a). This page ends Wwin Sy prow wr stam Nan Synz bax. The last four words are from Masseket Soferim 4.9. See description of No. 137. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The two leaves of No. 137 are to be inserted here, TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH ris Fol. 2 is part of a theological treatise written in vulgar Jewish- Arabic. It divides prophets and prophecies into four categories. It begins with o2 29) O22 PIN °D TDN Ny °D ONp 77D) DN ND. Both the Hebrew and the Arabic are badly copied. Words and even sentences are omitted, leaving the paragraphs disconnected. The orthography of the Arabic part is vulgar and phonetic. Almost in every case)}and’ are put after a short uw and 7, respectively. A long a is represented by 8 even where Arabic has $i as noy= kt. No dia- critical points are placed on any letter. stands for (2,as yTD= 0? The word ]8 after ym19 in the above quotation is a kind of enclitic, and should be compared with ba‘den="“‘after’’ in modern Arabic. It is also possible that it merely stands for the nunation=maudi‘in. When the 9 of the definite article is assimilated to the following letter it is entirely omitted. Thus SBS m= (7 Ul. The first > in °YMS& doubtlessly represents e=classical a. A curious spelling is oiwox= YI. Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 53X43 ins. (=14X11.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page is thirteen, except fol. 2b which has twelve lines. Oriental square _character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 137 Part of a code or theological treatise in vulgar Jewish-Arabic. The first line of fol. 1a is D¥pam 1 wbw (read 3n) ain which is the continuation of N°w3n by Pix wi. The sentence is not finished, and a new treatise in Arabic begins in the second line. The first few lines are as follows: *tnanbs mpya d10b> q>>nbs 955 tombs jor 7x8 ODA bodibs wip o> mm pax “nas o> mn. This preface continues till the end of 1b, but is not finished, as some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with the following: aNn2>bs TImw 7 pppin oop oo xby ody) 1s Nar on xyrR PNT SD Sypr Sxrat Dipa DOPS yas xdby mppin wm maby. Fol. 2b ends with this sentence n17D9yx own NON 'w? 22a D1D7 7dr PINNN PSynXd o1DIX. The words 2°11 Nd of fol. 2a of No. 136 complete this sentence. For the description of the orthography see No. 136. In this fragment we see that the copyist was by no means consistent, for he 74 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA has here °2I5". A very interesting spelling 1s OWN for ele JSYNND = C) gaat». This is the only case where ® is used after a short a. Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 54X44 ins. (=14X11.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page ranges from eleven to fourteen. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. These two leaves are to be inserted between fol. 1b and fol. 2a of No. 136, as ia of this fragment is a continuation of 1b of the other, and 2a of that fragment continues 2b of this one. [Adler.] 138 Part of a code, in Jewish-Arabic, dealing with the laws of marriage and divorce. It may belong to Hefes b. Yasliah’s Book of Precepts. A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 535 4% ins. (=13.211.4 cm.). There were at least eighteen lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 139 Part of a Jewish-Arabic compendium of talmudic laws, probably by Samuel b. Hofni. The two leaves are not continuous. Fol. lade with the laws of inheritance, while fol. 1 treats of the laws appertaining to a hireling. The leaves that followed, as stated in the last line of fol. 2b, were devoted to the laws of buying and selling. Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 83 X57% ins. (=20.6X14.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from fourteen to fifteen to a page. There is some writing on the margin, lengthwise. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 140 Part of a compendium of the laws of Sabbath, which seems to be in the same style as the Halakot Pesukot. It follows the arrangement of the Talmud, but not as closely as Al-Fasi. These two leaves cover the following parts of tractate Shabbat: Fol. 1=62a (amn by ww nyav) to 66b (bun vax by oynyi > wy pa myiy7). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 75 Fol. 2=73a (3p79...711) to 74b (NAN Tay INO ONT). This is followed by a long explanation. Two parchment leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 725% ins. (=19.7X14.9 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-six to twenty-nine to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 14] Probably part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on the laws of Terefah. The author explains the various accidents which render an animal unfit for consumption, and enumerates the eighteen cases mentioned in Hullin 3.1. He states that he previously explained the principle underlying the laws of that Mishnah (77DaN NIOTP AP bxxdx NIND, verso, 1.2). One paper leaf measuring 43; 5}% ins. (=10.6X14.4 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. Square character with a slight ten- dency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 142 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on the laws of property. The author discusses the selling of cattle, as well as the rights of a married woman to sell her property. Hefes b. Yasliah, Samuel b. Hofni, Hai may be mentioned as the probable authors of this code. A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring’ 53 X5z% ins. (=14 X14cm.). About nineteen lines toa page have been preserved. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 143 Part of Jur Yoreh De‘ah by Jacob b. Asher. Hilkot Kert‘ah. Recto begins with now o5n (340.5), and verso ends with o0”2977 oy owsy 55 and (340.18). This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 144. One parchment leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 775 X. Sg ins. (=19.214.6 cm.). Twenty-eight lines have been preserved to a page, but the lower part is torn off. Cursive rabbinic character. [Amram.] 70 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 144 Part of Tur Yoreh De‘ah by Jacob b. Asher. Hulkot Keburah. Recto begins with 0°27 ANY IN My (356), and verso ends with 361. This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 143. One parchment leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 8 X5+§ ins. (=20X.314.4 cm.). About twenty-eight lines have been pre- served to a page. Cursive rabbinic character. [Amram.] 145 Brief extracts from Shulhan ‘Aruk, Orah Hayyim, Hilkot Keri’at Shema'‘. It is headed yow myynp ors, and has omy by om yd yams, and many other short sentences. The last line is pu~d yownd Niaals YODA NX 71. One paper leaf, measuring 63 <4 ins. (=16.8X10.1cm.). Recto has fifteen lines, while verso is blank. Modern Ashkenazic cursive character, except the heading which is in a bold square hand. [Amram.] 146 Part of a commentary on Shulhan ‘Aruk, Orah Hayyim. Fol. 1 deals with paragraphs 307, 308. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. Fol. 2 contains notes on paragraphs 282- 284. The appearance of the fragment does not allow the changing of the order of the leaves. Two paper leaves, badly torn and faded, forming the outer sheet ofafascicle. Size 63x44 ins. (=16.8x11.4cm.). There are eighteen lines to a page. Italian character. [Amram.] 147 It seems to be part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, dealing with the prohibitions against robbery and oppression. Recto and the first part of verso treat of the laws of inheritance, and it is assumed that Phinehas inherited his sepulchre from his wife. This is, however, a digression, as the author remarks: by hyd yu o>xvnds t27: ‘Let us return now to the treatment of wrongs.’ Men- tion is made of ‘29 ‘Dr wands: DD. TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH “I Sai One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 8x52 ins. (=20.3 14.6cm.). There are fourteen lines toa page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.| 148 Recto is part of a table of contents of an unknown code in Jewish- Arabic. This book had at least twenty-two chapters. This page begins with the mention of the seventh chapter, and the words axabsx a’a5x are legible towards the end. Chapter 7 dealt with silver... light; chapter 11 with milk and cheese; chapter 13 with a man’s wife; chapter 17 with prayer; chapter 18 with writing; chapter 19 with build- ing; chapter 20 with women.. . heirs. Verso seems to be the preface of the book; it begins with a quota- tion from Ben Sira m>>x ‘mo [x]0 jax bxp. One paper leaf, badly damaged and torn, measuring 83 x43 ins. (=20.61cm.). There must have been more than twenty lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. {Amram.] 149 Part of a code, in Jewish-Arabic, treating of the laws of the scrip- tural readings and the ritual of the festivals. This fragment deals with Tabernacles and Hanukkah. One paper leaf, measuring 724 ins. (=18.710.1cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page. Square character with a strong tenden- cy to cursiveness. [Amram.] 150 Part of a code,in Jewish-Arabic, on Jewish ritual. This seems to be the beginning of the code, as recto had been blank, but later some one wrote down in bold square character: o>iya mvinnon rwE o'wspnon. Verso which has twelve lines is headed nopbs md°> pinp, and the writer proceeds to give the laws when the Seder occurs on Friday night. The first portion of the Kiddush is quoted. One paper leaf, measuring 63 «43 ins. (=17.111.7cm.). Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 78 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 15] Part of a code, in Jewish Arabic, on Jewish ritual. Recto contains laws concerning the various prayers, some of which are quoted in full. Then follows a chapter headed oxyods mean (the ritual obligations in connection with food). Verso ends with the beginning of Grace after Meal, which was probably given at full length. The Hebrew quotations are vocalized, though not quite accurately. These prayers offer many important variants. Is it part of Sa‘adya’s Siddur? One parchment leaf, measuring 534% ins. (=14 10.4 cm.). Recto has seventeen lines, while verso has eighteen. Square character. [Amram. } 152 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, giving detailed directions for the performance of marriage and betrothal ceremonies. The blessings as well as the Ketubah seem to have been given in full. Recto begins with the latter part of the Ketubah (yp ppp pa Subym0 par), which is followed by xox) perpp>s apy aninds sq DON JN ...1DD78 JO N[DIND NOD IS IND [pow NII wn. It is to be noted that, as is usual in this kind of literature, an Nn stands for 77D. One paper leaf, slightly torn and faded, measuring 73 54% ins. (=18.7x13cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen toa page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram. | 153 Digressive discussions, in Jewish-Arabic, of talmudic subjects. Recto deals with the apostasy of Flisha b. Abuyah, and various opinions from rabbinic literature are quoted. The author gives his sources (as many) adi> pap naa TIodndy -»y TIM). He then deviates from his subject, and explains the initials Awp ID. One paper leaf, measuring 93 <6 ins. (=23.115.2 cm.)., Num- ber of lines to a page is twenty-two. Oriental cursive character. (URI TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 79 154 A lengthy discourse on the talmudic principle of Bererah. The writer discusses the principle from all points of view, and cites many talmudic passages, as well as ONIN °N37 (verso, column 2, |. 14) and oyna sm 7229 ‘din (bzd., 1. 15). One paper leaf, measuring 124 * 83 ins. (=31.121.6cm.). There are two columns to a page, each column having thirty-three lines. Italian cu-sive character. [Amram.] 155 Part of a gaonic responsum on calendation. It is identical with responsum 1 ascribed to R. Hai in O'gI7 Mawn, ed. Lyck, 1864. Our fragment begins with mwn nx pyapy no op) qoInD NIA On wand nx (Lyck, p. 4, 1. 17). and ends with 035 iaw ond mor 95 ‘37 bara qiwoa ano osband (ibid., p. 6, 1. 3). On the whole our fragment agrees essentially with the printed text. There are, however, a few variants which are mostly scribal errors either in this fragment or in the manuscript used for that edi- tion. Instead of 4-1x> maw nay ors) (Lyck, p. 4, 1. 20) this frag- ment has '13) 1)120w which is obviously a scribal error. On the other hand, our fragment offers a better reading for MN DNAIN WDM 7D Syw’ (Lyck, p. 7, 1. 4), as it has wn. The spelling paxp of our frag- ment is preferable to NaNp of the printed edition, p. 7, 1. 3. See also ibid., note 4, p. 8d. The following variant is interesting. The print- ed text, p. 7, |. 16, has myiaw pyrso PR) Own prow pipad, and our fragment adds O”D D7 1D. Some words of our fragment are provided with Tiberian vowels, but the vocalization is not always correct; thus ]?2?. Eight paper leaves, measuring 74534 ins. (=20 14.4 cm). Number of lines on each page ranges from fifteen to sixteen. Orien- tal square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. These eight leaves form a fascicle and are fastened together by a string. [Adler. | 156 Part of a collection of responsa by R. Hai Gaon. Fol. ta is almost entirely faded, but the names ,ATNI7 13 Myw JNIDY 73.473, Ww 73 wy are still visible. This page seems to have 80 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA had two short responsa. It has a complete responsum, dealing with the question whether locusts belong to the class of forbidden food, and the beginning of another. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. Fol. 2 contains the greater part of two responsa. Published by L. Ginzberg, Geonica, II, pp. 43-47. Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, badly damaged and faded. Size 757 ins. (=17.8 13.5. cm.). . Num- ber of lines ranges from eighteen to twenty to a page. [Amram.] [57 Part of the collection of responsa known as 0°9w7 79 "Iw by Jacob ha-Levi of Corbeil or Marvége. Each responsum has the question, which begins ’nbxw ayn, and the answer beginning 1>w~m. All the responsa are marked by let- ters of the alphabet on the margin. From these letters we infer that there was a much larger collection than the one given at the end of the Leghorn edition of r"a777 nw (1818). For the latter contains only ninety-six responsa, while this fragment has a responsum numbered 406 (see also below, No. 158). Fol. la begins with the last few lines of responsum 360 (=49 of printed edition); responsum 361 (=7bid., 2) deals with the benedic- tion on the phylacteries. | The question is whether the law is accord- ing to Al-Fasi or the Geonim. The reply is torn off. Fol. 1b has the end of responsum 364 (=7bid., 51). Responsum 365 (= tbid., 39) is about those who eat during the interval between the af- ternoon and evening prayers. Is it a sin, as is the opinion of R. Jacob, or not? The reply is torn off. Some leaves are missing between fol. tb and 2a. The latter has the end of responsum 403. The writer remarks that when the answer reached them they rejoiced greatly. Responsum 404 deals with the ablution on the Day of Atonement. Responsum 405 is about the reason why it is necessary to blow n’7wn on the shofar at the termination of the Day of Atonement. Fol. 2b continues this question, and responsum 406 deals with the blowing of the shofar at the conclusion of the prayers on New Year. The manuscript breaks off in the middle of the answer. Although the writing material is different, this fragment seems to belong to the same codex as No. 158. TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 81 I am indebted to Prof. Louis Ginzberg for drawing my atten- tion to the printed edition. One and a half paper leaves, badly mutilated, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 103373 ins. (=27.420 cm.). Number of lines to a page of fol. 1, of which only a half has been preserved, is ten, while fol. 2 has twenty-three lines to a page. Square charac- ter with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 158 Part of the collection of responsa known as 0°9w7 19 N"w by Jacob ha-Levi of Corbeil or Marvége. All responsa are marked by letters of the alphabet. Recto begins with the last few lines of responsum 414 (=Leg- horn edition, 62), which deals with the question whether it is neces- sary to take out the lungs of a slaughtered animal in order to exam- ine them. Responsum 415 (=7bid., 60) deals with the statement of the Talmud 77207 sim (Hullin 48a). The question is whether the perforated lung has to be grown together with the flesh or bone. The answer is indirect, but the writer concludes that if the lung is not grown together with the flesh, the meat is unfit. Responsum 416 (=zdzd. 21) is about a certain mode of plucking the feathers and the salting of poultry. Responsum 417 (=7b7d., 19) deals with the custom to read the Shema‘ of the evening prayer before the stars appear. Verso continues this question. Responsum 418 (=zbid., 23) is about the question whether it is permitted to recite the Thirteen Attributes dur- ing the Ten Days of Penitence, if less than ten men are present. The decision is against it. Responsum 419 (=7d7d., 25) deals with the question whether it is appropriate to read the Kiddush and Hab- dalah in synagogue, for in some places it is customary not to do so. The fragment breaks off in the middle of the answer which is in the affirmative. This fragment, despite the different writing material, seems to belong to the same codex as No. 157. Judging from the numbers, it is evident that not many leaves are missing between Nos. 157 and 158. One parchment leaf, badly damaged, measuring 10437 ins. (=27.420cm.). Number of lines to a page is twenty-two. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 82 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 159 Recto has an inquiry, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to Abraham, together with his autograph responsum. He signs his name Abraham b. Moses, and he is undoubtedly Abraham the son of Maimonides, and the entire document is apparently an autograph. The inquiry consists of twenty-six lines, while the reply is written on the left-hand margin and has six lines. The inquiry is divided into three parts, the first and third of which end with mown yo diw> 2K Wat Aq, while the second reads ox 51DD 19D%1...The second has the mistake wan. Reuben has a wife who owns half of a dwelling valued at six dinars; he pledged the dwelling to a creditor whom he owed eight dinars, and died. Should the widow pay the debt? If Reuben owned the other half of the same dwelling, and bequeathed it to some of his children, should the debt be paid from the half belonging to the widow, or from that belonging to the orphans? Should the laws of inheri- tance apply to the other children (the bequest having been made by the laws of the Gentiles) ? Verso was then used for copying down some poems. It has two columns, and number of lines to a column ranges from twenty-eight to thirty. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Column 1 seems to be headed ‘pm ‘p[wal. 1 (col. 1, |. 1). A dirge, probably by Moses ibn Ezra or Ibn Gebirol, rhyming in ?3-. The first line reads ban °ammn mp -A¥n nD ban nom qanpa °> pro. The meter is Kamil. 2 (col. 2,1. 1). A short poem, rhyming in tds The first line seems to be [dn] Sp ON TY 137 INO WIM Ny (Wertheimer; ond) ornwr rd por, p. 6a, where there are errors). The meter is Kamil. 3 (ibid., 1. 6). A poem by Judah ha-Levi beginning 12 Mp’ (Harkavy’s edition, vol. I, p. 7; Brody’s edition, vol. II, p. 167). 4 (ibid., 1. 16). A poem by Abraham ibn Ezra headed “ns b’r Sty Ja O7aND, and beginning wa) mnbv> ombxd = (Rosin’s edi- tion, vol. II, No. 17; see also Egers’ edition, p. 187). The page ends with mdxda 53 atm 755 sonbs Spo. One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 10377 ins. (=27.6 20 cm.). [Sulzberger.] TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 83 160 A table of contents, in Jewish-Arabic, of a volume of various responsa. The first three lines of recto read: ND Sxop Wp mn _. myo yo a> oa amo...) 37 yo DRXDD AI NMdw.. 5. Twelve responsa by R. Nissim seem to be enumerated. Then fol- lows prioxde) mpinds pb own? yo by: Sap jo DRDO TAIN NLR PD, and five more responsa are mentioned. The writing on verso is in the opposite direction, and gives headings of twenty-three subjects treated at full length in the responsa. The sources from which the statements of the headings are excerpted are given on the right-hand margin. Thus opposite mobn WPS PAW. . ONIDY Sy win ip) is marked Nyx a’D. (the number 3"5 refers to the responsum). The ends of the lines are torn off. This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 1061. Two pieces of paper, torn and badly damaged, belonging to one leaf. When pieced together, they measure 95% ins. (=22.8x 13 cm.). There must have been more than twenty-three lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 16 Part of a collection of responsa. Recto is in Hebrew, in square character with a tendency to cur- siveness. L. 13 has the superscription: DY ja a7 7"09 min 3a>N OND(?), and it deals with the laws of partnership. On the margin are given the references to talmudic passages, and the peculiar spelling 701w and );nDD may be mentioned. Verso is in a Spanish cursive hand, and is written in the opposite direction. It is in Jewish-Arabic, and contains the end of a responsum which probably dealt with the laws of buying something from a Gentile before Passover. This is followed by a responsum treating of the case of a man who sold his dwelling. This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 160. A piece of paper, damaged on all sides, and it is impossible to determine its original length. Its present size is 575 «53% ins. (=12. 913.2 cm.). Fifteen lines have been preserved on each side. [Amram ] 84 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 162 A responsum by Joseph b. Moses of Trani on Jesus. It is headed Gen ono yp 00 mabrousnw mw 7am. °"D mawn mbxwsa x'n2 yow oan edna ox ja wD SxwtoNm. This responsum, which could not be traced in the printed edition of Trani’s responsa, ends on fol. 2b, 1. 4 (the rest of the page being blank) with ‘al pom ‘ba sold ein Joon or ows s"yan ods 9 my tw and amp jy yen man pad "D3 my, Four paper leaves, the last two of which are blank, forming the end of a book. Size 745; ins. (=18.3%13.4 cm.). There are about twenty-two lines to a page, apart from marginal notes. Italian cursive character. The first word in every paragraph is in square hand. [Amram.] 163 Part of a discourse or repsonsum, in Jewish-Arabic, concerning the laws of sacrifices and ritual cleanness. The writer quotes, apart from talmudic authorities, the "wi7’D O’INIT. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 9} 7} ins. (=23.5 18.1 cm.). There are twenty lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness.. [Amram.| 164 Part of a responsum, in Hebrew, concerning the laws of Passover. A piece of paper, badly damaged, the upper part being entirely torn off. Size 5482 ins. (=13 2275 cm:;). On recto éleven lines have been preserved, though not allarelegible. Versoisblank. Square character. [Amram.] 165 A lengthy responsum, in Hebrew, concerning the laws of usury, Fol. 2b seems to have the writer’s signature, which is, however, illegible. Two paper leaves, measuring 836% ins. (=22.216.8 cm.). There are thirty-six lines to a page, except fol. 2b which has only six- teen, the rest of the page being blank. Late cursive character. (Amram. TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 85 166 Part of collection of talmudic discourses, in Hebrew, probably belonging to the end of the eighteenth or beginning of the nine- teenth century. One discourse ends on middle of fol. 1b. 2a begins with a discourse on M1015 md) nanan 4px (Yoma 88a): although fol. 2b is blank, this discourse does not end on 2a. Two paper leaves, measuring 846% ins. (=20.9x17.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from thirty-nine to forty-three to a page. Fol. 1b has only twenty-three lines, the lower part being blank; 2b is blank. Cursive European character. [Amram.] It] EIRURGN 167 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer. The author speaks of the great merit of praying together with the community, which is more acceptable than private prayer. The first lines of fol. la read: asnn ayov>s ywo xdiapo 457 ys2 jommbsx maon-p yobs aNd Nd Is nn onds i912 mbnpoa p> onra. The various rules for prayer are called 01, as on fol. 2a the words by yawhy are still legible. See No. 170. As Sa‘adya’s Siddur is still unpublished, I have no means of as- certaining whether this fragment or any of the following formed part of that work. One and a half paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6254 ins. (=17.113 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.]| 168 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer. This leaf has the end of the introduction and the beginning of the book proper. The author, who writes in a clear and fluent style, tells us that his aim is to give the laws of prayer, and that it is necessary first to state the number of prayers before prescribing their appropriate time (S)]7¥P JSD) NTINTYR T9732 "Ins ys arp mbxbx npp op ondoidbs xian Nyannd °D an(an}>xa Sos msSp NATONphE Sap). He quotes extensively from rabbinic literature. One parchment leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 84 6,3; ins. (=21.6X15.7 cm.). There are twenty-two lines to a page. Clear square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.| 86 LITURGY 87 169 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer. The author gives the various laws (*|x), literally description) to be observed in connection with the prayers. Fol. la begins with the end of the twentieth law, and fol. 1b ends with the beginning of the twenty-fourth. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with the thirty-second law, and 2b ends with the thirty fifth. The author gives each law in Arabic, and then quotes the talmudic authority for it. The following example may be given: 'NON FANN, mnoxds op Some motp Ay ys oNds55 onp ate yNoINdS oY Js 31 mw San oda aw pdban paw pas SSpnnn “dipd. The writer refers also to the third volume of this book (Q7pn nim siaxnd yo "25s dspbs op n> sirmw), which indicates that the treatise was divided into volumes. It may be part of Hefes b. Yasliah’s Book of Precepts. The manner of treatment and style accord with those of Hefes. Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer leaves of a fascicle. Size 533,38 ins. (=13.29.2 cm.). Number of lines ranges from thirteen to fourteen to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.| 170 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer. Recto begins with the end of a chapter on prayer in general, and after the third line of verso there is the heading ayn nbpn °p oxp. The first few lines of this chapter read: papno>s byp>s °D NINDIT AD nbpna yn> xo Ssp>x gan °D °pInd) yx ay: > Taxm nbpna poym xon [nox oy Tax nbn ys Sipip eiprsn pa m_ Sipdsx azoxy Noo Tax by inven oxo a’an ps o'r ayawds mbp sibxp tir nbn yo OxDs oxo? xd) pa bs jn ‘w oan. See also No. 167. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 9,3; X6;% ins. (=23.3 16.6 cm.). There are nineteen lines to a page. Bold square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.]| 171 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on the laws and ceremonies of the festivals, giving some of the prayers. Recto has the second half of a hymn for New Year to be chanted 88 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHi1A when the shofar is sounded. This hymn seems to have consisted of twenty-three stanzas, each stanza having two lines without rhymes. After each stanza a biblical verse, containing an allusion to the shofar, is quoted. The stanzas are in alphabetic order, both lines of each stanza beginning with the same letter. This fragment begins with the second line of the 5 stanza. Verso begins with the second line of the n stanza, and the hymn ends in the middle of the page. This hymn seems to be very old, and probably dates from the time of Jose b. Jose, before rhymes had been introduced into liturgic poetry. Then follows the heading bxunbs yards yds, and the laws about Tabernacles are given in Arabic. Does it belong to Sa‘adya’s Siddur? One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 937 ins. (=25.1 X17.8cm.). There are twenty-two lines toa page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 172 Part of a prayer-book. Fol. 1a begins with mowin omdbx (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 5), and fol. 1b ends with irmp7x¥ m0. Some leaves are missing between fol. ib and 2a. The latter begins with 25 mxbp2 ney Ssnw ondx, and 2b ends with map »9 ian ny aa » Ian. There are some variants, as it has two additional paragraphs: mona -inow xbw, and tay now xbw; qoyo xds ody mown -unow xdw ONWw. Two parchment leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 54X33 ins. (=14%9.5 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Bold square character. Fol. 1 was vocalized by a later hand. [Amram.] 173 Part of a prayer-book. Fol. 1a begins with 15 opi ivby snpaw stim drain qow aya Ta] ONY TAIT ms (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 9). This prayer is followed by 7pxXv 4172 and 73D "7, and the page ends with nN 329 » ona. Fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with obiy> qow abbas ty). Fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with wm 7b yx Jobs mb5n. Some important variants. Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a LIEURGY 89 fascicle. Size 54441 ins. (=14.4 10.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to nineteen to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Y. M. H. A.] 174 Part of a prayer-book. This fragment covers the first part of the morning service, and includes WPXY IIA and 117. The former prayer is much larger than in the usual rituals, and contains the entire alphabet after the re- petition of 7172, as well as other amplifications. It belongs to the same fascicle as No. 175. Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 52 %4,% ins. (=14.9x10.9 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to twenty. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 175 Part of a prayer-book. Recto begins with wien ba ban ion (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 18). After >>y $1 comes *3nb9 9D "> Font. It belongs to the same fascicle as No. 174, of which it is a continu- ation. One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 534; ins. (=14.9 10.9 cm.). There are eighteen lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 176 Part of a daily prayer-book. Recto begins with °” “ma °D Ti19y7 (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 29), and verso ends with qn>wom onbiyn bs mobo qm. It is an inaccurate manuscript, and has such mistakes as wiv? 1) Ba) ‘yw 15 ana apy °D, ind. One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 473; ins. (=12.4 8.3 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 177 Part of a prayer-book, daily service. Fol. 1a begins with y-von b> nwa (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 17), 90 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADELPHIA and 1b ends with 0°92 nx Dw (ibid., p. 30); some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a; the latter begins with 057 by mb on[aw]p (ibid., p. 41), and 2b ends with am on by nyow aw opin o> diy DD, which follows x¥p mwry (ibid., 43), but is missing in our liturgy. Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 94 63 ins. (=23.1X 16.8 cm.). There are twenty- four lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulzberger. ] 178 Part of a prayer-book. Recto begins with manNa qnn Nodn (737 TANK), and ends with Ip oN. Verso continues recto, and ends with o»m o>w1. It probably belongs to the Palestinian liturgy. Some one scribbled the alphabet on the margin of verso. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 5234 ins. (=13.7 x 8.8 cm.). There are twelve lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Vocalized in a system slightly different from the Tiberian, >sometimes standing for [or [. [Amram.] 179 Part of a daily prayer-book. Recto begins with 1287p OV 11y °”? NIX (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 61); verso ends with the prayer 7 Mm5n. Many important variants. Thus it reverses the order of the synonyms, and reads 13°Dn a payer 0 ao It has the paitanic spelling 191 instead of 1x). It omits from ny wnDwn bx to aw, and inserts some words after 1]NWNw ADI. One parchment leaf, measuring 4342 ins. (=11.7 10.4 cm.). There are ten lines toa page. Bold square character with vowel-points. [Amram.] 180 Part of a prayer-book for Friday night with directions in Jewish- Arabic. Fol. 1a begins with ob> inp (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 113d). Some leaves are missimg between fol. 1b and 2a. The last three lines of fol. 2a and the whole of 2b have the first portion of pp’>an ma. Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 55% 33 ins. (=14.1)<9.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twelve to thirteen to a page. Large square character. The greater part is vocalized. [Amram.] LITURGY 91 18] Part of the service for Sabbath night. It is entirely different from our liturgy, and is a curious mixture of passages of the ordinary prayer-book with paitanic snatches. It probably belongs to a very old ritual. This fascicle covers from oO)n7 sim to the middle of the prayer beginning JNyiw'a ANowN AYP 47 7AONA 723w) which corresponds to Dvr. Four paper leaves, forming a small fascicle. Size 7352 ins. (=19.7 14.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from nine to twelve to a page. Large square character written with a thick reed. There are some sporadic vowel-points, which are not very accurate. [Amram.] 182 Part of a prayer-book with directions in Arabic. Fol. 1a begins with 123 ‘7? of the Ma‘arib prayer odiy> >” F172. Fol. 1b has 123°) 187” which is shorter than that in any of the Oriental prayerbooks I consulted. Then follows this note: bn Mwy mw xt, Seon as ods nan onaw "1 ANTION ANdS. Then comes, in the middle of the line, the heading nawbs mbx which begins with Psalm 121. Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with Jy1 ma (Deuteronomy 5.18). The biblical passage continues till the end of verse 19. Then comes the note now3 bip On, and that prayer (now) is printed in full, and is continued till the end of 2b. That page ends with qisv maady do. Two parchment leaves, measuring 63X54 ins. (=17.4X14 cm.). The number of lines on each page ranges from seventeen to nineteen. Square character. The lower part of the fragment is badly damaged, and the ink has corroded the parchment. [Friedenwald.] 183 Last leaf of a prayer-book with copious notes in Arabic. Recto has the last page of the prayer-book. The 117°D was evi- dently arranged or copied by Ephraim b.Shemariah. Line 5, seg., has the following note: wor manw a2 on pRN> Amp yomds pya apobs dns yay 22 bdr ay Ado mya yor aonb) owd now wopen ma pad M7 WIDY INIPD) Ty Mwy Tom on orn mw 7b wep FD (some of the Hebrew words have superlinear vowels). On the blank spaces somebody wrote down °°: -m3py POF AT sy> nop my. 92 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Verso evidently has some names of owners. The first line is m7 3"105 avon. The names are not quite legible and seem to be non- Hebraic. At the bottom of the page there are sentences of the prayer oom on Dy. One parchment leaf, measuring 54X64 ins. (=13X15.5 cm.). Square character. [Adler.] 134 Part of a prayer-book with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Recto begins with awKx7 my 15 rDIn bx (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 65). This prayer is amplified, covering the entire page and having numerous additions, as NDINTIpy nina. At the end of the page there is wap y"w bipy. Verso has orm NIM, followed by “wx, and ends with Jon an. One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 625 ins. (=16.8 12.8 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Bold square character, with vowel-points. [Amram.] 185 Part of a prayer-book with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Recto begins with the middle of the Kaddish. The note tells us what the reader and the congregation are to say. This prayer-book seems to be a copy of one that had been written during the ninth cen- tury, when some of the Siddurim were compiled (Siddur R. Amram). Sar Shalom (Ssnw $5 nvda wen Sytin wwin ody aw) is mentioned. It must have been customary to mention the Gaon or exilarch in the Kaddish, just as we now make mention of the royal family or the government in a special prayer. Comp. also Nathan ha-Babli’s report. (See Neubauer, Medieval Jewish Chronicles, vol. II, p. 84.) Is this Sar Shalom of the ninth century or of the twelfth or thirteenth? See Poznanski, Babylonische Geonim im nachgaondischen Zeitalter, pp. 46, 72, 102, 103, 124, 131. The last reference actually has the title win Dim, the bearer of which is a Karaite. One paper leaf, measuring 63 X47 ins. (=17.112.4 cm.). There are fifteen lines to a page. Large square character with a slight tend- ency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 186 Title-page of a prayer-book with an introduction and notes in Jewish-Arabic. The body of the book, five fragmentary lines of which LITURGY 93 have been preserved, is in Spanish cursive character, while the title is in a bold square hand. Recto has the Hebrew title: 717d. This page also has five lines of a poem concerning prayers, beginning m>’pnq iste ada tow. It may have been part of the title-page; but the fact that some words are repeated and that the size of the letters in the various lines is unequal would lead to the conclusion that this poem was added later by a man who wanted to utilize the blank portion of the page. Toward the end of the page there is AwnDA jn) 112 moby ‘7 ....which is obviously part of the poem. Was this the copyist, the compiler, or the owner? The margin was used by some later hand to test a pen (adp m7271n). Verso contains the Arabic title which is in bold square character. mobs oSy Some anno maxonos) aoxtbs mawds yo o> on ons panpds TIN? This is followed by the introduction which begins 195 spnbx nrods [yn cb]y monde pobsxa mw yroinds: yn poo ote. A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 7X51 ins. (=17.8 X13.3 cm.). [Amram.] 187 It seems to be the title-page of a prayer-book. In bold square character the following inscription is still legible: Shei ja non mayod ode 13 nip or ondxn nom. Around it is illegible writing in a cursive hand. The other side must have had the beginning of the book, which was in a nice square character with vowel-points. The scribe probably copied the book specially for this gentleman. One paper leaf, the writing of which is almost entirely obliterated. Size 62 X43 ins. (=16.112 cm.). [Amram.] 188 Part of a prayer-book. This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 189. A piece of paper, badly torn and faded, measuring 43 X2# ins. (=12X6.3 cm.). Ten lines have been preserved to a page. Bold square character. [Amram.] 189 Part of a prayer-book. This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 188. 904 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA A piece of paper, badly torn and faded, measuring 53 3} ins. (=14.9 8.2 cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved to a page. Bold square character. [Amram.] 190° It may be part of a prayer-book with directions in Jewish-Arabic, or it may have formed part of a preface to a book. One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 52 32 ins. (=13.7 8.5 cm.). There are twelve lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Some words are vocalized in the Tiberian system. [Amram.] 191 Recto has the greater part of obdiy }}1%, showing on the right and left margins how the various lines of this hymn correspond to the Ten Commandments and to the Ten Sefirot, This part is in beautiful square character. This is followed by five lines, in a modern Ashkenazic cursive hand, dealing with kabbalistic calculations. In the opposite direction on the same side are eight lines, also in a modern Ashkenazic hand, treating of the grammatical rules about vocalization. Verso has thirty lines, in the same hand, explaining the various classes of nouns. This fragment seems to belong to the beginning of the nineteenth century. A piece of paper, measuring 74% ins. (=18.5X10.9 cm.). [Amram.] 192 Portion of Grace after Meal with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Recto is headed binbd yin n[aqa, followed by town nb oxw 4722. Verso ends with o27201 45 ot 1X. The following vocalization is interesting: “DM... .7b°'n nd. One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 534533 ins. (=13.8X9.2 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. Large square character, with sporadic vowel-points. [Amram.] 193 A prayer probably to be inserted in the Grace after a wedding or circumcision banquet. Each line begins with yonnn, and the root of the following word is in alphabetic order. All the lines rhyme in 1). The first line is prox ow SX PID VN OM. The v and ° lines had LITURGY 95 been omitted, but the first was restored on the margin. Fol. la ends with the y line. Fol. 2a continues la, and ends with the w line. The n line is missing. Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, measuring 645 ins. (=16.4 12.7 cm.). Fol. la has fourteen lines, besides one on the right margin; 1b is blank; 2a has five lines written lengthwise; 2b is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 194 Part of a piyyut for Grace after meal, based on the names of the Sidras and interwoven with the names of the months and constellations. Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 4333 ins. (=12X8.2 cm.). There are fourteen lines to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 195 Part of a prayer-book. Recto begins with 7555 yw 11019 }” (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 223) in the Eighteen Benedictions for New Moon, and the prayer is continued till owtn wen Ssaw wtp, which ends on verso. There are some important variants, as the insertion of Iw Nn won wNt oy mi qpd> oma yor pow mo pom ana maw iydy wnmr ad wen mde wmoas $55 [Aho pp mim after py noenod. Some words are vocalized. One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 9; X55 ins. (=19.2 X13.8 cm.). Recto has fourteen lines, while verso has only three, the rest of the page being blank. Bold square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 196 Last leaf of a prayer-book, with copious directions in Hebrew. Recto contains the last six lines, in a bold square hand, of the prayer for sanctifying the moon. This is followed by a lengthy note of eight lines, in an Oriental cursive hand. Verso is blank. One paper leaf, damaged in the centre, measuring 64 4,3 ins. (=16.410.6 cm.). [Amram.] 197 Part of a prayer-book. This fragment covers part of the Eighteen Benedictions of the morning service for festivals. 96 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 73;X4% ins. (=18.3%12.4 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 198 Part of a prayer-book. Recto begins with nossa qrayd 32> (Eighteen Benedictions for the festivals), and verso ends with Wy) °nbx. There are numerous important variants, especially in the latter prayer, as ONXY DN onawno boa aba S>ay 4a ma qobdwa qror am qodiya qo» am abs isbn soielaise Some words had been omitted, and were inserted by a later hand. One parchment leaf, beautifully preserved, measuring 635 X52 ins. (=16X13.7 cm.). There are fourteen lines to a page. Bold square character. [Amram.] 199 Part of a prayer-book for the, festivals. Recto begins with mxyon 1n on pws om mnow Dy WMNPS wmvn yor mm (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 228), and ends with 7b). Verso begins with any ny boav 4a qpmxbe Syn oy ov boa wr 4pm), and ends with $2) wp) AA7NIN. Some important variants. One paper leaf, measuring 6415, ins. (=15.6X13.1 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. Beautiful square character. [Yee elise 200 Part of a prayer-book for New Year, with copious instructions in Jewish-Arabic. Fol. 1a begins with iy, am a7 35, and the Eighteen Benedic- tions are followed by 119m 1rax, which ends on fol. 2a. Then come two long Arabic notes, in a small cursive hand, the second of which may be given here as a characteristic example: --+:717$ n¥nn bp) mbox ooe as by sta (!)abs nyxpds yo mobs obo atnxd bap xbi pray) Max nan wx ot nay mbwa axynsp on AD mbx xd AoW ‘anon py xxi SSp>n0 win ras by xdos ydy obip iar xbw maxn poy wp ompobsx ry on. After this note is the heading ;Dw mbx mwnm ws. Fol. 2b ends with the paragraph snyd TAD jn jD5), the continuation of which seems to be a paragraph beginning ts), unless this word is ]&) and forms part of an Arabic note. LITURGY 97 Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, measuring 83 <6} ins. (=22.2 15.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-two to twenty-four to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 201 It seems to be part of the service for New Year and the Day of Atonement after the prayer -}pn 73M). One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 5345 X34 ins. (=13.8 8.8 cm.). There are ten lines to a page. Bold square character. [Amram.] 202 Part of a prayer-book for the Day of Atonement, with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Fol. 1a begins with q2Dd wx 729 15 onda (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 262). The end of this prayer is followed by the heading FDI m>x. Fol. 1b ends with ornp nvnnd nx yoxn. Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with p> o>nKON amvn, and 2b ends with pry 7129 AND) pri qoo oy2 rat 5D pr. There are some variants as well as mistakes, as 129 p79) [PNW oyiar ody -pipd. Two paper leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 63 X5 ins. (=16.812.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from fifteen to seventeen to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. Fol. la has been vocalized, probably by a later hand. [Amram.] 203 Part of a prayer for week-days and the Day of Atonement, with short directions in Jewish-Arabic. Fourteen paper leaves, most of which are badly damaged and mutilated, measuring 641 ins. (=15.410.9 cm.). When a page is complete it contains sixteen or seventeen lines. Oriental cursive writing. These leaves have been published by Romain Butin, of the Catholic University of America, in JOR., New Series, IX, 237-303, where a minute description of all details is given. The original of this fragment seems to have been lost, and only the photographs have been preserved. [Cobern.] 204 Part of a prayer-book for the Day of Atonement. 98 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELTHIA The portion preserved is the second half of the Ne‘ilah prayer noaa7q ons. There are important variants. One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 43 X43 ins. (=12 X11 cm.). Recto has eleven lines, but the leaf must have been considerably longer. Verso is blank. Bold square character. The entire page, except the last two lines, is vocalized. [Amram.] 205 Part of the service for the Day of the Atonement. Two paper leaves, the writing of which is almost entirely faded. Size 6,5; x44 ins. (=16X11.4 cm.). There seem to be about thirteen lines toa page. Square character written with a thick reed. [Amram.] 206 Part of a prayer-book for the Day of Atonement. It is different from the ritual known to us. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, slightly damaged. Size 73,43 ins. (=18.2X12.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from fourteen to fifteen to a page. Square character; vocalized. TU Ps 207 Directions in Jewish-Arabic for the ritual of Hosha‘na Rabba and Shemini ‘Aseret. Shemini ‘Aseret is called "uxndx TPN, “because it is sy 2D San. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 63 X45 ins. (=15.5 11.2 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 208 Part of a prayer-book with directions in Jewish-Arabic. This leaf is marked t"Dp. Recto has the end of the Book of Esther (9.32-10.3). The word ons (9.32), which had been omitted, was added on the margin. There are some masoretic notes. The orthography differs from that of our texts. Thus wens for wawny (10.1) and and for and (10.3). Verso is headed mb105x yrwn, and has Exodus 17.8-11, which is read on Purim. LITURGY 99 One paper leaf, slightly faded, measuring 53% X32 ins. (=13.8 9.5 cm.). There were about thirteen lines to a page. Bold square character with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 209 Part of a prayer-book for Passover, with directions, in Hebrew, for the precentor. Oriental rite. One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, the lower left-hand corner being torn off. Size 134101 ins. (=34.3X26 cm.). There are thirty lines two to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness, ([Sulzberger.| 210 Part of a prayer-book for Passover, with directions in Jewish- Arabic. Oriental rite. Fol. 1 contains part of the Eighteen Benedictions for Musaf, while fol. 2 has directions for the counting of the ‘Omer on the first and the second nights. A narrow strip of parchment, making up two complete leaves, which formed the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 2433 ins. (=5.3 8.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from four to five to a page. (Sulzberger. | 21 Part of a prayer-book, including the Haggadah for Passover, probably belonging to an ancient Palestinian ritual. Fol. 1a contains the end of the benedictions after the reading of the Haftarah (from 129 53°) x12" to the conclusion). Fol. 1b is headed mop wiap, and followed by a number of benedictions. Then comes m1Nw] 7, consisting of three questions (fol. 4a). This codex contains the first part of the Seder service, including Grace after meal. There are very important deviations from the known rituals, and there is sufficient evidence to assume that this fragment is Palestinian, or at least it belonged to a community which followed the Palestinian ritual. Eleven paper leaves, measuring 5X33 ins. (=12.7X8.9 cm.). — Leaves 4-11 form one fascicle, while the first three leaves hang loosely. The first five leaves and the last two are faded, but the middle leaves have been beautifully preserved. The number of lines ranges from ten to fifteen. Oriental square character with a strong tendency to cur- siveness. 100 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Julius H. Greenstone edited this fragment in Zeitschrift fiir Hebrdische Bibliographie, XV (1911), pp. 122-123. See also V. Aptowitzer in R. EZ. J., LXIII (1912), pp. 124-128. [Amram.] le Part of the Haggadah for Passover. Fol. 1a begins with mary 4A aos ‘7 = 70x, and ends with pos NON) ONT TD WON Ni Wp on; fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with (war omnax> apxw mp; fol. 2a continues 1b, and ends with °3) ‘3w 'pD wsy) 191 Sw byrw”; fol. 2b continues 2a, and ends with ns onpN) n& ods yown ‘wv ‘o> 1p. Some words are supplied with vowels which are not always correct, as for instance ]1p’pX. The orthography is not consistent. Thus we have oy and p31. 295 instead of *aDiDD is left uncorrected, though vowels are supplied. Two parchment leaves, measuring 646 ins. (=15.5X15.2 cm.). Fol. 1 has fifteen lines on each page, while fol. 2 has fourteen lines on each page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Adler. ] 213 Part of the Haggadah for Passover. Fol. 1a begins with m92nn) man and ends with xb 4Rbn op by bd Ta by: fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with wy bs ow ‘npn; fol. 2a continues 1b, and ends with wanw m0) nn bow p10 ADIN ry witpn; fol. 2b continues 2a till it reaches jm) 891 OF MND2 NS nT bs 77 O00 m8 129. Then follows a midrashic passage beginning with D'S VY Yd OYA IN OS Nl >) "SW 0190 OS 5 yNIW 773751. This passage combines Mekilta Bo (p. 18a, Weiss’ edition) and Berakot 9b aoxy OX Mk). On the margins somebody scribbled the Hebrew alphabet and some disconnected words. Two parchment leaves, measuring 8; %5;5 ins. (=20.413.5 cm.). Number of lines on each page is twenty. Square character. [Adler.] 214 Part of the Passover Haggadah of some Oriental ritual. Fol. la begins with 73y ms, and ib ends with oAaNn; fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with Jmy 727. LITURGY 101 There is a tendency in this fragment to write words plene, as my. Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 54X33 ins. (=13X9.9 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. Square character; vocalized. [Sulzberger.] 215 Part of the Passover Haggadah. Fol. 1a begins with axa by N17-172 DIpaN Nanw, and 1b ends with 7Nyo 7s. Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter is badly damaged at the top, and the first legible words are Db amd; fol. 2b ends with xb > myo mny. Two parchment leaves, one of which is badly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 5438 ins. (=13X9.2 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. Bold square character [Amram.] 216 Part of the Passover Haggadah, with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Fol. 1a begins with 54 3pyn, and 1b ends with on; fol. 2a continues tb, and 2b ends with Vp by. Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 4731 ins. (=12.4X8.2 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. Square character; vocalized. First and last lines of each page, as well as first line of biblical chapters, are in red ink. [Sulzberger.] 217 Part of a prayer-book for Pentecost. Fol. 1 contains a piyyut with the refrain mnw) 5D Da bbsnn. probably by Nisi al-Nahrwani. It consisted perhaps of seventeen stanzas, each having two rhyming lines. The lines were in alphabetic order, two letters being disposed of in each stanza. The last six stan- zas were an acrostic of the author’s name. Only the last five stanzas have been preserved, and these spell out 77372 ]2°D. The D line begins wydi od. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with 7’n7n2 Sy mNanDw wD (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 235) followed by oD IT ara. This page ends with moa7tK ‘1p "1 ann Joy> mwrn. Two paper leaves, partly faded, forming the outer sheet of a fas- cicle. Size 61413 ins. (=15.812.2 cm.). There are twelve lines 102 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA to a page; but the lower part of fol. 1b and the whole of fol. 2b are blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 218 It seems to belong to a collection of prayers for the dead. Fol. 1a has the last five lines of a prayer. In the opposite di- rection to this prayer there is some scribbling, the first line of which is in a bold square hand: 12258 1a8 wx bxam. Fol. 1b has another prayer beginning D)po 71m, which takes up thirteen lines. In the opposite direction there are, in a beautiful square hand, the first few lines of a poem by Judah ha-Levi headed nbn at. +The poem seems to be 19D] am (Brody, vol. I, p. 143). Fol. 2a has seventeen lines of another prayer; the first few words which have been preserved are IND’ON NAN Ody np-DN (see MAN nbn, p. 98b). Fol. 2b has some scrib- bling. The words 'm 'owa and 55p are still legible. It seems to have been used for testing a pen (adp m3). Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6;% X5 ins. (=16.6X12.7 cm.). Square character with a tendency to cur- siveness. [Amram.] 219 Two liturgic poems, probably for funeral service. 1 is headed oon> noms (another dirge when a sage dies, or by a sage), and begins nom mnd> 70n wy) NON WIN IDDNT. 2 is headed moms, and begins WX DWN NowNa OwNN Ox OTN 73 wwe. This one is in alphabetic order, and eight complete stanzas of four rhyming lines each have been preserved. Every stanza be- gins O78 j2, which is not counted in the acrostic. Three letters of the alphabet are disposed of in every stanza, and the fourth line, being a biblical verse, is not counted. Only the first three words of the ninth stanza have been preserved (1p207N}3). The part that followed may have contained the author’s name. Two paper leaves, measuring 61351 ins. (=17.6X13 cm.). Number of lines ranges from fifteen to sixteen. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 220 Part of burial service (77 p17X). Recto has four stanzas based on 7>’8 (Lamentations), and written LITURGY 103 in a very imperfect hand. Many words are crossed out. It does not seem to be part of the book proper. Verso has a dirge by R. Judah ha-Kohen, headed °299 pp pits Sr Syaam ann yon m7, and beginning x” $9 Syibd prx nx. It is in alphabetic order. The author rhymes Sy with San. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 71X53 ins. (=18.4 13.7 cm.). Recto has sixteen lines, besides one on the right margin, while verso, whose writing is close, has twenty-one lines, and the lower part is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram. | 22 | Probably part of the funeral service. Most of the words are obliterated, but a few sentences from Psalm 104, as well as the expression TD"4N7 10 TDY OINT NN IN’ WR, are legible. A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6X3} ins. (=15.2 <8.8 cm.). There seem to have been fifteen lines to a page. Square character. [Amram.] (aries Originally it seems to have been one sheet, upon one side of which (not folded) was a letter in Arabic character, the lines being written lengthwise. The signature of the writer is, as usual, complicated, but the words og ine (‘Ali Efendi) are clear. Some time later the letter was folded into two, and upon la was copied part of the burial service (Sidduk ha-Din) in a Yemenite cursive hand. Fol. 1a has eighteen lines of Hebrew (Sidduk ha-Din); Fol. 1b and 2a, to be regarded as one side, have ten lines of Arabic; fol. 2b is blank. Two paper leaves measuring 61X4;4 ins. (=15.5X10.3 cm.). [Amram.] 223 Part of a prayer-book with copious notes in Arabic. The portion preserved in this fragment is for fast-days. Fol. 1a begins with the middle of the prayer 1719, which is followed by a long note about the duties of one who fasts. At the end of fol. 1b this note is still unfinished. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter has the end of a piyyut which was in alphabetic order, and had eight stanzas. Each stanza consisted of four rhyming 104 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA lines, the first three of which were in alphabetic order, while the fourth may have contained the author’s name. This fragment preserves the last three stanzas from BD to N, the latter being repeated three times. The fourth lines spell out Nd). Fol. 2b has a piyyut beginning ja$m) 7149 (DD ayo TIN. It is alphabetic, two letters being disposed of in each stanza which consists of four lines, three of which rhyme with one another. One of Jacob’s twelve sons is referred to in each stanza. Three and one-fourth stanzas are on this page, and we reach as far ast. Mention is made of j2185, pyow, and iid respectively. The author is probably Sa‘adya Gaon, as the piyyut seems to be identical with Zunz 97. Two paper leaves, faded and torn, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 67,43 ins. (=15.3X12.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twelve to fourteen to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 224 Part of a Karaite treatise on prayer and the appropriate gestures that should acompany it. At first it is explained that there are two sorts of prostrating, bowing, standing, and spreading of hands: one for praising and thanksgiving and the other for supplication. All these gestures are to accompany prayers in every place and at all times. Biblical verses are cited in support of this view. The opinion of the Rabbanites, that prostrating is forbidden on Sabbath, New Moon, and festivals, is refuted. For is not the Day of Atonement called }inav naw? Yet the Rabbanites prostrate themselves on that day. It is further pointed out that the opinion of the Rabbanites is contrary to the biblical narratives. For Moses prostrated himself before the Lord forty days and forty nights, and during that period there were several Sabbaths. The prohibition is therefore the “device of their heart”. This is followed by an account of the order of prayers. The fragment ends with the statement that ‘‘it is fitting to compose prayers and supplications for any calamity that befalls us, as, for instance, persecution and drought, as I shall explain below” (nD? TINDR WD). In the last line the word mbpn is omitted by oversight, and is supplied below the line. Two parchment leaves, measuring 10744 ins. (=25.4 19.5 cm.). Number of lines on each page ranges from twenty-one to twenty-three. Bold square character. [{Adler.| LITURGY 105 225 Probably part of a Karaitic prayer-book. Recto begins with bx1w yow (Deuteronomy 6.4), which is followed by other biblical verses, mostly beginning with m7”. The tetragram- maton is throughout spelt in full. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 835 X65 ins. (=20.4 15.3 cm.). There are twenty lines to a page. Bold square character. [Amram.] 226 Part of A prayer-book, with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Prob- ably Karaitic ritual for Purim, as everything is biblical (Book of Esther and Psalms). The only Arabic note on this leaf is the last line of verso (OQNOM aNboxby), One paper leaf, measuring 8X6 ins. (=20.3X15.2 cm.). There are twenty lines on recto and sixteen on verso. Bold square hand. [UP s] 227 Part of a Karaitic(?) prayer-book, with directions in Arabic.” Fol. 1a contains penitential verses from the Bible. Ps. 106.6 (last two words); Job 33.27 (beginning with *nayn); Lamentations 5.7; part of Daniel 9.16 (QYMAN:- +3); Joel 1.9; zbid., 1.13; Lamentations 2.7; tbid., 5.15; Job 30.31; Micah 1.5. Last word on this page is ON”. Fol. 1b continues that verse; Nehemiah 9.33. Then comes 1ywin 1" FI ', and is followed by this note in Arabic: myn Sipn on Sypm mnaonbs onsm :ay odiy> qow aanas qon onbds Joins tid b> os om om own °SSq dS Sipn aden wo yxp ooTdNA ywIn (Psalm 5) moma bs mews Sipm Jina yen Spm apwin. This Psalm is continued till 7295 (verse 6) when the page ends. Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter contains onmbx (last word of Psalm 15.2); zbid.,15.3; I Kings 8.49; 8.55; Micah 7.18, 19; Psalm 103.8; 145.9; 78.38; I Kings 8.59 until the end of the chapter (Sxpbx 72K by): Psalm 19.15. At the bottom of this page there is the following sentence written in Arabic characters without diacritical eet geal) Tus eh eS ai Two parchment leaves, measuring 544512 ins. (=14.4x14.4 cm.). Number of lines on fol. 1 is thirteen on each page; fol. 2a has fifteen lines, while 2b is blank. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 106 _ GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 228 Part of a collection of piyyutim for New Year. 1 (fol. 1, 1.1). The greater part of a piyyut, whose lines are in alphabetic order and rhyme in), This fragment begins with the last word of the } line, which is followed by 7MA¥ mx> OYA nwp ANID MD. This scheme is continued up to 9, and 3, which is the last letter in this collection, has a whole stanza consisting of four short lines rhyming in a=. It was evidently read during the Kedushah. 2 (fol. ib, 1.10). The first two lines of a piyyut, whose lines are in alphabetic order, beginning 727Y jD1w 7X1". Some leaves are mis- sing between fol. 1b and 2a. 3 (fol. 2a,-1.1).° Last line of a piyyut rhyming in 5°’—. 4 (bid., 1.3). A piyyut, probably complete, by Jacob al-A‘yan, headed yr yoy ynd oby ams 1D, and beginning PANN) PwNI WIA NP. It consists of thirteen lines rhyming in )5, the first ten of which spell out PyN>s apy’. Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 534, ins. (=14.6X10.3 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. Vocalized, though not quite accurately. [Amram.] 229 Part of a collection of piyyutim for New Year. 1 (fol. la, 1.1). A hymn consisting of twenty-two stanzas in alpha- betic order. Each stanza has four short lines beginning with one and the same letter, so that each letter of the alphabet is repeated four times. The first line reads 2M8 IIyN ») OR IPNyw yow NIN. 2 (1b, 1.22). A hymn beginning ‘n[xp m7]y9 no in alphabetic order. Only the first four lines have been preserved, as some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. (See pan nnwK, p. 175b.) 3 (2a, |.1). A hymn in alphabetic order, whose first line is mis- sing. It consists of twenty-four lines, the last two of which form a conclusion. There are no rhymes but a good deal of alliteration and paronomasia. The first line preserved is NY °D POM IS8 TIN TPR ON °NW)] OP. 4 (2b, 1.1). A hymn in alphabetic order consisting of twelve stanzas. Each stanza has two short lines, and disposes of two letters, except the eleventh and twelfth stanzas which repeat w and N, respect- ively. The first line is 71ND SxD 19 axa nyo Sed aa4K. LITURGY 107 5 (2b, 1. 14). A hymn beginning b> Fy? o7>wa nyt td yK, whose structure is the same as the preceding. See mm ’nbw, Livorno, 116a. Two paper leaves, damaged and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 64X42 ins. (=15.81X11 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-three to twenty-five. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 230 Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Keter Malkut. la is headed mabn snp, and fol. 1b ends with °3 13971 2p TMND yw xb. Many leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with 7p -:nyo Jw xm Sawn oD (next to paragraph 79» °n Jmnps),and fol. 2b ends with ANNAY ON MDD AD WHY ANY by bapn Depn. There are many variants, most of which are obviously corrupt. Mention may be made of a few n9DnM obyin navn 45 (instead of 45 moan *noo abyin own); py: +> INN ANN (instead of p22). Two paper leaves, measuring 5345; ins. (=14.9X10.9 cm.). There are fifteen lines to a page, except fol. la which, on account of the heading, has only eleven lines (besides the heading). Cursive hand, but beginning of every paragraph is in large square character. Us| 231 Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Keter Malkut. Recto, the writing of which is scarcely legible, seems to begin with Jnd17) [MIT °y], and ends with [py ox] wy myatEe 4S; verso continues recto, and ends with sim nowoon ado 15 aN Fw. There are some variants. This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 232. One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 64 5} ins. (=16.4X13 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Square char- acter with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 232 Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Keter Malkut. } Recto begins with... .7[ay] 79x now sim. Next paragraph begins with yp Dy qE°pma -pmpty 7Dod Sov on Syne nbs oR” mn. It ends with myn mbD51; verso continues recto, and ends with mra>0 mpiy. 108 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA There are some lexical variants as well as divergence in arrange- ment of paragraphs. This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 231. One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6} X54 ins. (=16.4X13cm.). There are fifteen lines toa page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 233 Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Day of Atonement. 1 (1, 1.1). A piyyut probably consisting of twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order. Each stanza consists of two lines, which do not rhyme with one another, the second of which ends with awn. This fragment begins with the sixth stanza, but the first legible one is aw) 1997 ywr ary’. This hymn ends at the bottom of fol. 1b. 2 (2a, 1.1). A piyyut in the reverse order of the alphabet. It consists of twenty-two lines rhyming in mt. The first legible line is Sannin OT7SI5A DDD. 3 (2b, 1.12). A piyyut, beginning 71 avm yy qws atobs aI, and consisting probably of twenty-two lines rhyming in 7. We reach as far as the fifth line. Two paper leaves, damaged and faded, measuring 674% ins. (=17.4X12.5 cm.). Number of lines seems to range from seventeen to eighteen to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursive- ness. [Amram.] 234 It seems to belong to a collection of piyyutim for the Day of Atonement. One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 72 <5,% ins. =18.7 X13.5cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 235 Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Day of Atonement. One of the piyyutim is nx mwyn. Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 61415 ins. (=15.8X12.5 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram. | LITURGY 109 236 Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Day of Atonement. 1 (fol. 1,1.1). A piyyut by Isaac Ibn Ghayyat beginning oD? p>>mp maxya ima. The first stanza seems to spell out pny’. The renraining stanazs are in alphabetic order, and this page ends with letter °. No more stanzas have been preserved. Is it the same as Zunz 412? See Mahzor Roma, 272b, and Davidson. 2 (1b, 1.1). A piyyut headed m7rm> D2) nawd, and beginning wn Ss rad or. It consist of four stanzas, the last three of which spell out mw. Each stanza has eight short lines which rhyme alter- nately. The author is Moses Ibn Ezra. (See Mahzor Barcelona, p. 117a, and other places marked by Davidson.) Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 7451 ins. (=18.413.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to nineteen to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cur- siveness. [Amram.] 237 Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Day of Atonement. One of the hymns preserved belongs to the cycle which begins a neaAy ”"’ but is different from the one printed in the Ashkenazic Mahzor. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 5333 ins. (=13.7 <8.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-one to twenty- three to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 238 Part of a collection of piyyutim, probably for the Day of Atonement. 1 (fol. la, 1.1). A hymn of twenty-two rhyming lines in alphabetic order. Each line begins with 2 '7 which is not counted in the alphabetic scheme. This fragment begins with the last two words of the } line myo 1x°Hn, and is followed by 1273 ‘7m. 2 (1b, 1.13). This hymn has the same construction as the pre- ceding, except that each line begins with on>x . The first line reads: 1DXpO YINT WYN NS on>x ". (See a similar hymn in DD own, 407.) 3 (2b, 1.10). A hymn beginning oa0 >) num Ady inDAa JoINA. Each line begins with 7 followed by a letter in the reverse order of the alphabet. It probably consisted of twenty-two rhyming lines. At the end of fol. 2b we reach the Dline. Some leaves are missing between fol. 2b and 3a. 110 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 4 (3a, 1.1). The greater part of a hymn in alphabetic order. Each line is preceded by 1’ps ””” bx, and every letter of the alphabet is repeated four times. Two letters (eight lines) rhyme with one another. Fol. 3a begins with the letter 0, and the hymn ends at the bottom of fol. 4a. Fol. 4b is blank, except for the alphabet scribbled on it by a later hand. Four parchment leaves (two separate sheets, but they are contin- uous), slightly damaged, forming the outer sheets of a fascicle. Size 6x42 ins. (=15.2X10.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from sixteen to twenty to a page. Bold square character. [Amram.] 239 Part of the liturgy for the Day of Atonement, probably belonging to an old form of ritual. 1. Fol. 1a begins with the middle of a piyyut, whose lines are in alphabetic order, and all of which rhyme in 3}. There seem to have been twenty-two lines. This fragment begins with wat 13° IpNnD pind. 2 (fol. 1, 1.11). A piyyut beginning sayba ys ox. It consists of twenty-two short lines in alphabetic order. 3 (fol. la, 1.17). A piyyut headed nox 7° °D jdm), and beginning Dy PN) NONA PT TY bx. The structure is the same as the preceding. See Zunz 55, and Davidson. 4 (fol. 1b, 1.1). A piyyut headed 12°8 ANS °D 735), and beginning yay) Maa pax ows yx bx. The structure is the same as the pre- ceding. It is identical with the. famous hymn in the Ashkenazic ritual, though it has some interesting variants. | 5 (fol. 1b, 1.7). A piyyut by Kalir headed mms DINN yun °D 35D), and beginning oy ND 99S on) TNX TDN Oe. It consists of twenty- two lines rhyming in 77. Each line begins with by followed by a word denoting God’s attribute in alphabetic order. The words TNX 525 on are reapeted in every line and followed by a word whose root is in alphabetic order. See Zunz 55. 6 (fol. 1b, 1.19). A piyyut headed 124m Fx y2 jD3), and beginning Mpax amd. It consists of twenty-two short lines, all of which begin with >. If this > is disregarded, the lines are in alphabetic order. It is practically identical with the famous hymn of the Ashkenazic ritual, except that it lacks the refrains 7 ova and pn. There are a few variants. 7 (fol. 2a, 1.1). A piyyut by Kalir headed Any pn 48 D3), and LITURGY Lt beginning byp $35 orm pin 7pip> orDIN JN. It consists of twenty- two lines. Each line begins with 4&8, and ends alternately with yn byyp 595 orn and Sym $56 orm mmx °>. If 4s is disregarded, the lines are in alphabetic order. See Zunz 56; Kol-Bo, II, 205; many other references by Davidson. 8 (fol. 2a, 1.19). A piyyut by Kalir headed ySwn xd F)Xpa 2), and beginning MN¥’ 1 DY oy yawn Nd ANP OWN ON AXpA. It consists of twenty-two lines rhyming inn. The lines begin alternately with OX 4¥pa and oy vpwn xd. If these words are disregarded, the lines are in alphabetic order (in line 2 the word ODy1a is counted in the alphabetic scheme). See Zunz 56. 9 (fol. 2b, 1.7). A piyyut by Kalir headed 'w mbnmn awry jD2), and beginning wp omix byp wax ¥>) Syon opm wor. It consists of forty-four lines in alphabetic order, ending alternately in O7018 wiap and Fina ois. Each letter of the alphabet is repeated twice. This fragment ends with the second » line. See Zunz 55; Kol-Bo, II, 208; many other references by Davidson. Two parchment leaves, badly damaged and torn, measuring 71 X71 ins. (=18.4 18.4 cm.). The number of lines to a page ranges from twenty-two to twenty-four. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. Vocalized. [Lederer.] 240 Part of a collection of liturgic poems, perhaps for the Day of Atonement. 1 (fol. la). A hymn which probably consisted of twenty-three stanzas. Every stanza begins with '¥9 and the word which follows it is in the reverse order of the alphabet. There are three rhyming lines in each stanza, besides a refrain which is alternately Jaa '5n) mown and mabnon ”? 45). The last stanza begins o'n’yia myn’E ‘Sn which seems to repeat & unnecessarily. The other two lines begin with w and ’, respectively. Should we perhaps disregard or delete the &, and then obtain the acrostic °w’? Our fragment has six stanzas, beginning with m which is mend myriad ‘Sn. 2 (ibid.). A hymn headed n2%nn7 12), and beginning wwIw7 4750 nian mp ay o>. It consists of twenty-three stanzas, each having one line and a refrain which is alternately 799 7)om” xin and son” m9 350. Every stanza begins with 30 which refers alternately to God and to the earthly king. The word following 30 has the definite article and the letter after it is in alphabetic order in the stanzas re- ferring to God and in the reverse order of the alphabet in those which 1i2 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADELPHIA speak of the earthly king. All the stanzas rhyme with one another. The twenty-second stanza completes the alphabet, and the twenty- third is an extra stanza declaring the greatness of the heavenly King. At the end of fol. 1b we reach 1 and 5 (2 which is omitted in the text is supplied on the margin). Four leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. No. 241 is to be inserted here. 3 (fol. 2a). The. continuation of hymn 6 of No. 241. Fol. 2b ends with p. Some words are vocalized. Two paper leaves, measuring 745% ins. (=18.1X13.5 cm.). With the exception of fol. 2b which has sixteen lines, the number of lines on each page is eighteen. Oriental square character with a ten- dency to cursiveness. These two leaves form the outer sheet of No. 241. [Adler.] 241 Part of a collection of liturgic poems, perhaps for the Day of Atonement. 1 (fol. la). The continuation of hymn 2 of No. 240. We begin here witht. In stanza y read 12”n} instead of "mb (last word. The mark over ” is no doubt a Tashdid). 2 (fol. 1b). A hymn headed wxid> 555 xwinom }2), and beginning NINDS omyn my %. (ks it the same as Zunz, ‘p. 109, 23?) It consists of eleven stanzas. Each stanza is divided into two parts: one beginning woth °p and the other with v8 ANN). The first radical letters of the following words are in the reverse order of the alphabet. By an oversight ) is omitted, and hence the last line is not in the alpha- betic scheme. 3 (fol. 2a). A hymn headed 71D99 TNadm Aw DI). It consists of eleven stanzas, each having two lines. The first radical letters of the lines are in the alphabetic order known as 0’29x. Some of the stanzas are corrupt. 3 and N are missing entirely. 4 (fol. 2b). A hymn headed $593 Sw ans }23), and beginning mawn ya on ams onN. It consists of twenty-two rhyming lines, all beginning with mms). The words following nN) are in alphabetic order. 5 (fol. 3b). A hymn headed 7713) nD 4A 3D), and beginning Ma2 NAM ON AIMNXA Wm. It consists of twenty-one rhyming lines, all beginning with 1m. The word following 7m begins with the LITURGY LES definite article and the letter after it is in alphabetic order. W is omitted by oversight. It concludes with 7a" bn ana mwy nbs b> bon mey ov” po mop". 6 (fol. 4b). A hymn headed $35 pinbdi Saxo 4pm, and beginning bod yaw $0505 mb265 mondo IPR TIN poIN JPA>. It evidently had twenty stanzas beginning with 773) and ending with bad spies mab, pindi. The lines are in alphabetic order, 77) being disregarded. This page ends with) and the hymn is continued on fol. 2a of No. 240. Some words are vocalized. Instead of a dagesh forte a Tashdid is once used over D9DA (fol. 4a). Four paper leaves, measuring 745; ins. (=18.113.5 cm.). Number of lines on each page is eighteen, except fol. la which has nineteen. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. These leaves are to be inserted in No. 240. [Adler.] 242 Part of a collection of Selihot. Two paper leaves, partly damaged and faded, measuring 614 X 5; ins. (=17X13.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to nineteen to a page. Oriental cursive character. [U. P.] 243 Part of a Selihah beginning 7’7yw "rms. It is alphabetic, con- sisting of at least twenty-two stanzas. Each stanza contains two rhyming lines. This fragment has preserved the Selihah from the beginning up to 9, inclusive. One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 77 X53 ins. (=20 14.6 cm.). There are fourteen lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. Vocalized. [Amram.] 244 Part of a collection of Selihot, with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Fol. 2a is blank. Two paper leaves, badly torn and faded, measuring 43 <3} ins, (=11X7.9cm.). Number of lines ranges from ten to twelve to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 245 Part of a collection of Selihot. Portions of N’mwa °7 }79 and oN °D1D9 have been preserved, but the text greatly differs from the 114 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA printed editions. A few illegible words in Arabic character have been scribbled on verso. A narrow strip of paper, badly damaged, measuring 107; X33% ins. (=26.28.6 cm.). Recto has preserved thirty-one lines. Bold square character. [Amram.] 246 Part of a collection of Selihot. It seems to have been written with a thick reed, and probably belongs to an Egyptian prayer-book. Two paper leaves, measuring 635 ins. (=17.1X12.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from thirteen to fourteen to a page, except fol. 2b which has only eight lines, the lower half being blank. Oriental cursive character. [U. P.] 247 Part of a collection of Selihot for the Day of Atonement, perhaps from Sa‘adya’s Siddur. 1 (fol. la). Part of a Selihah which consisted of twenty-two alphabetical stanzas. Each stanza probably contained originally six- teen lines without rhymes. In this copy, however, the number of the lines in the various stanzas is unequal. The same letter of the alphabet was repeated in one stanza four, five, six, or seven times. Our fragment begins with the middle of the sixteenth stanza (Y). The following stanza begins myo 5x wpIAND. It is followed by N3N NK unbpn ppd. 2 (fol. 2a). A Selihah beginning 1199 7738 7AONT. 3 (fol. 2b). A Selihah beginning bi yD nb yr. It is followed by W390 ANS mawm man and a few other prayers. 4 (fol. 4b). A Selihah beginning mb->Na NON oO”. S (ibid.). A Selihah headed ppio’y 7D, and beginning 139Y8 nt> Xo wR IwyDa. 6 (fol. 5a). A Selihah by Sa‘adya beginning wy) mR WIN man. See oon my, p. 34a, and other places marked by David- son. 7 (fol. 5b) A Selihah by Sa‘adya. beginning anys 2wprd jpn. See oin’n mmdp, p. 34a, and other places marked by Davidson. 8 (fol. 6a). A Selihah by Sa‘adya beginning 1] Jnywn 7NnwES oon. This fragment ends with the third line of the tenth stanza Man aman Nwya-wma my. See o20'n mmo, p. 35a, and other places marked by Davidson; comp. also Zunz, p. 220. LITURGS A) Six paper leaves, measuring 73X63} ins. (=20X16.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page ranges from twenty to twenty-five. The pages which have more than twenty-two lines are written in a smaller hand, and the lines are shorter than those on the other pages. Oriental square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [ Adler. ] 248 It seems to be part of a confession (Widduz) or Selihah. One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 8;}5 5% ins. (=20.4 X13.3cm.). There are twelve lines toa page. Bold square character, with vowel-points. [Amram.] 249 Part of a piyyut for Tabernacles. It is in alphabetic order with the name of the author interwoven. Beginning and end are missing. Each stanza consists of three rhyming lines, the first two of which are in the alphabetic or acrostic scheme, while the third is a biblical verse, mainly taken from the Pentateuch in connection with Tabernacles. Accordingly, two letters of the alphabet are disposed of in each stanza. After every third stanza there is one which does not fit in the alpha- betic scheme, and probably spells out the author’s name. Recto be- gins with the middle of the 7-1 stanza, and verso ends with axbn of the n-w stanza. The three stanzas after 1,5, and x spell out "30003, which may be the remnant of [>aspow }{2 mr], and the piyyut is prob- ably by Judah ha-Levi. But some of the letters are not very distinct. One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 63 41% ins. (=16.8X12.5cm.). There are fifteen lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 250 Probably part of a collection of piyyutim for Tabernacles. 1 (fa,1.1). The last two stanzas of an alphabetic piyyut; the last stanza begins 0°) 7YSVTAA Sn. 2 (ibid., 1.4). A piyyut headed mwn, and beginning nnp> dys mans. It seems to consist of twenty-five lines, the first twenty-one of which are in alphabetic order and formed into three stanzas, each having seven rhyming lines. Accordingly, the alphabet up to w is disposed of (in the twenty-first line read 117?yw instead of 1739)). The last four lines which rhyme with one another spell out DY. Is it by Joseph Ibn Abitor? 116 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 3 (1b, 1.1). A piyyut beginning MTD’ yAIN2 ‘rs. It consists of two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines of the first stanza are in alphabetic order, reaching as far as 1, while the second stanza spells out DY. It is probably incomplete. The author is evidently the same as that of the preceding. 4 (ibid., 1.8). A piyyut beginning Md pp? ybix omnd oN OD. It must have had at least twenty-two stanzas, in alphabetic order, each having four rhyming lines. Each stanza repeats a letter three times, the fourth line being a biblical verse. The word 0° is not counted. The first five stanzas have been preserved. Fol. 2a seems to have, in a different hand, similar piyyutim. Two paper leaves, badly faded, measuring 75,4 ins. (=17.8 14.1 cm.). Fol. 1 has seventeen lines to a page in a large square char- acter with a tendency to cursiveness, while fol. 2a has fourteen lines in a smaller and different hand, the lower half as well as fol. 2b being blank. [Amram.] 251 Part of a collection of piyyutim and prayers for Tabernacles with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Fol. 1a has mywindds ov post, many ov port, and in a bold square hand pabm yon. It is possible that Halfon was the owner of the collection. The pizmonim for Hosha‘na Rabba end on fol. 3b, and are followed by masy (?Pnw mx, part of the Eighteen Benedictions being given. From fol. 6b, 1.3, to the end there is an alphabetic hymn without rhymes, beginning NISX bb)n -we. This hymn describes the giving of the Law, and is found in the Ashkenazic ritual for the Rejoicing of the Law. Nine paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 2443 ins. (=5X12.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from four to five to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 252 A collection of liturgic poems, probably for Passover or nowa nay. 1 (fol. 1a). Three stanzas and two refrains of a hymn which prob- ably consisted of at least eleven stanzas and a similar number of refrains. Only the last three lines of the first stanza is preserved in this codex, and fol. 1a begins with 77¥ O'MyD oipn. Each stanza contained four rhyming lines, while the refrains consisted of eight rhyming lines. In the stanza the alternate lines are in alphabetic LITURGY . 117 order. Each refrain begins with pyyn m9. But as the hymn stands here, it is corrupt. After we have two more stanzas containing 7)28, and the refrain which follows has twelve lines. Part of the same hymn is found in No. 253, 20, where this refrain has eight lines. These two stanzas are not found there. Their first line is 72yNn nb D2 71 ON (see Davidson, JOR., New Series, I, p. 110), which, when compared with No. 253, 20, appears to be a later interpolation modelled on that hymn. 2 (fol. 2a). A hymn headed nx, and beginning poaad DIM) ISON. It consists of two stanzas and a refrain, each having four rhyming lines. The first three lines in each stanza are in alphabetic order and we thus reach as far as}. The fourth line is a biblical sentence. 3 (fol. 2b). A hymn heacei mx, and beginning more> °> DORN. It consists of eight stanzas and a refrain, having four lines. The stanzas have no rhyme. The fourth line in every stanza is 70°7¥n, and is omitted by mistake in the fifth and. seventh stanzas. The first three lines in every stanza begin with & and the letters after that 8 are in alphabetic order. mn is repeated three times. The re- frain begins obyy nbs myw ns nn iay’nn. See No. 253, 24. 4 (fol. 3b). A hymn headed “ns, and beginning IPy¥’ Vaya O08 as aos It consists of three stanzas, each having two rhyming lines, and a refrain of eight rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alphabetic order, but 1 is omitted by oversight, and we reach as far as 7. The same as No. 253, 25, where} is actually found. The refrain begins o'n OVID. 5 (fol. 4b). A hymn beginning 72¥n 7 *py aad nx (see Davidson, JQR., New Series, I, p. 110). It consist of three stanzas, each having four rhyming lines and a refrain of two rhyming lines. The alternate lines of the stanzas are in alphabetic order, and we reach as far as). The refrain begins ond 7x2"? 5x NOU Mt ee OCemN Oa .2 Or 6 (fol. 5a). A hymn beginning 0°3 on773 0°70) yx. It consists of four stanzas, each having two rhyming lines. The lines are in alpha- betic order, and we reach as far as Nn. 7 (fol. 6b). A hymn beginning mo7D DID oa ON. It consists of two stanzas, each having fourteen(?) rhyming lines. The stanzas begin with & and 3, respectively, and it is possible the hymn contained twenty-two stanzas. 8 (fol. 6b). A long hymn headed -w5wm Synow ‘397 Ow Tw. (See below). A few hymns by this paitan, who flourished about 1000 c. E., are found in the Bodleian Library. See Neubauer and 118 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Cowley, Catalogue, vol. II, 2729 4c, 5; 2848 13b 1. Comp. also J. Mann, The Jews in Egypt and in Palestine under the Fatimid Caliphs, I, p. 28. This hymn begins 237 N¥D3 Sobor own wv, and comprises forty stanzas, each having fifteen rhyming lines. The structure of these stanzas is very peculiar, the letters of the alphabet being woven in most ingeniously. The fourth, eighth, twelfth, and fifteenth lines in every stanza are biblical sentences, and do not count in the alphabetic scheme. The first, fifth, and ninth lines in every stanza begin with words or phrases from Canticles, while the thirteenth line begins with the word which concludes the twelfth line. The third, seventh, and eleventh lines begin with single words, in the proper order, from the following verses: Isaiah 30.29 (16 words); Exodus 15.1 (20 words); Numbers 21.17 (10 words); Deut. 31.22 (11 words); Judges 5.1 (8 words); Psalm 30.1 (5 words); Canticles 1.1 (4 words); 2 Chronicles 20.21 (18 words); Isaiah 5.1 (12 words); Psalm 98.1 (13 words). Ali these verses contain a verb or noun of "Ww (he sang), and all the words amount to 117, three for every stanza, except the last. When we disregard all these initial words, the lines are in alphabetic order, eleven letters being disposed of in every stanza (for the four biblical lines do not count). Two stanzas are necessary for the entire alphabet, and the arrangement is alternately direct and reverse. Thus stanzas 1 and 2 are in direct order, while 3 and 4 are in reverse order. In the first thirty-eight stanzas the alphabet is repeated nineteen times, ten times in direct order and nine in reverse order. The stanza before the last, if we apply to it the same rules as to the other stanzas, bears the acrostic yan Ssinw. This proves that he composed this hymn before he was promoted to the rank of ‘Third’. The following, which is the thirty-ninth stanza, will serve as an example of the structure, and will show the acrostic. I place an asterisk on the acrostic, a line above the words or phrases from Canticles, and a line under the words from Psalm 98.1. yi > aNwl nw cpap 1 * syond opps pwn man won nD WAYS =) INOO Mad Dittidel tole ls : = WwW bd ayy adiyds qow mdbdasi syon nm ay mbiox naern 5 syonn (read $25) Sab saya any onan mad 6 “Whe TINO ol aeUr es LITURGY 39) yr DN) TYID DAY (read 737 comp. Pro. 7.15;) TAT ANN TMT MA yin 19D mobym) Nw OANA sys Pos wa $5 Dw" wap sy) obiy qb 0” * ay) Jmabn ond say Ay TY DOIN? VAN? AN yx sy1 obiys qabnr 119 10 ip The last stanza differs slightly in its structure: the initial words of the third, seventh, and eleventh lines, like those of the first, fifth, and ninth, are taken from Canticles. If this stanza forms part of this hymn, and there seems to be no reason to doubt this, despite the insigni- ficant difference, it ought to continue the acrostic of the author’s name. But the manuscript is corrupt in one or two places, and no definite conclusion can be arrived at. It reads: onywa ony ody 2 a5 ombnpn -op mi *pINnd onoiy> mdina pan aN qy>na ax5 onoax Syn ny (read wn) win xd) omxbad oxpiy yom aot ont ~py> on * Cy Oe de (ali ee Lk De. wet omannd ot abs qawa odxn onvnd) own) mon bm omrae pax mavmd va ont by oma 7and mons pos pabr aw ona a> mn ody onxyn b> o mbyxna q>>wm omt mab Tam ond mp) onxon omba> pan snoo> onnn 15> oan ombonn oazon wn) down 1 By applying the rules of the preceding stanzas, we get no results at first. Davidson, whose attention I drew to this codex, suggests to read "AD in- 120 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADELPHIA stead of V7 (1.6), and by taking 213 of 1. 1,9) of 1.5, and 5 of 1.6 (read 7’35), obtains SIYWINA NAD ja. The objection to this scheme is the word Yap which makes no sense, as we need a verb in 1.6. Morever, a verb seems to be missing in Il. 1 and 2. Now if we supply some such word as yon at the beginning of 1. 2, and retain V2 or any other word with initial 7, we get NIYWINA ANANA. The meaning of Van seems to be to destroy, and may be Hifil of 172 ((purge, hence destroy) or of N12 (make void). Accordingly the last two stanzas bear the acrostic mana °y7aa7 byw NIYWIAI. The lines of the above hymn are not divided, and even the stanzas often lack dividing points. A few words are corrupt, but there can be no doubt about the structure. Some words are vocalized. Then follows the remark 0°? [NY Mavo 7IyR. This hymn which is obviously the same as Zunz, p. 709, is not given here. 9 (fol. 37b). A hymn beginning tym $3 Join Ay yty. It has eleven short rhyming lines. The acrostic is "|}DV. 10 (fol. 38a). A hymn headed yyw $"1 wom nan wnpp yn? ‘pw oan. A number of hymns by this paitan are found in the Bodleian Library. See Neubauer and Cowley, Catalogue, vol. II, 2712 10b; 2127 Ap “q;. 2islote 2037 c)6:.2738 11 his hymn sbeginsian en oo s>wn, and has eight rhyming lines, the first five of which bear the acrostic jNYMD. 11 (ibid.). A hymn headed “ms ‘nlp. It consists of some stanzas and a refrain. The refrain which is placed first has six short rhyming lines and begins }w’pa x DDD. Each stanza contains four rhyming lines, the last of which is a sentence from the Bible. The first stanza begins YW] WY TANT) DDR NID’D. The last word of every stanza is repeated at the beginning of the succeeding stanza. These initial words being disregarded, the stanzas are found to bear the alter- nate letters of the alphabet. We thus reach as faras». In the third stanza this arrangement seems to be disturbed, but it is obviously corrupt. The first two lines of that stanza are "? NID 117 (O1DT) nae mary IwaN>°DITIN. We expect 7 instead of’. There can, however, be no doubt that the correct reading is 89 °D ITN” ya 3 byin > noary> wa: Those who sing of the glory of the Lord were set on high, while (the others) were cursed because they did not come to the aid of the Lord. Comp. Judges 5.23. The third line in every stanza begins with 7’ny>) nas. If this phrase is disregarded, the third lines have the acrostic [AJor moby. 12 (fol. 40a). A hymn beginning iny yt nw poo dw. It LITURGY TY contains two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. It is obviously the middle portion of a larger hymn, as the alternate lines of the stanzas have ydid. The first line of the second stanza is slightly corrupt, and we should read 797 O’A instead of o':3 ADT. The error is a biblical reminiscence. 13 (fol. 40b). A hymn beginning ypa 410 oO. Only four stanzas of this hymn are preserved in this codex, for we are at the end of the fourth fascicle, and the fifth is incomplete. Each stanza consists of three lines. The first two lines rhyme with each other, while the third of all stanzas have one and the same rhyme. The stanzas bear the acrostic 8 7}DV. (Is it al-Bardani?). 14 (fol. 41a). A hymn whose refrain began a)w Ty) m. It con- sisted of twenty-five stanzas, each having three rhyming lines, the last of which was a sentence from Exodus 15. The first two lines bear the same letter of the alphabet and the first twenty-two stanzas repeat the entire alphabet twice. The lines of the remaining three stanzas bear the acrostic 7}DY, D and 4 being repeated twice. The first six stanzas are missing. The seventh stanza begins 19’9Dp3 0°73") Oy TT 15 (fol. 43a). A hymn headed 'n Simm ova °? ywrn joa. It consists of eight stanzas and a refrain. Each stanza has three rhyming lines. At the beginning of every stanza there are two words from Exodus 14.30 (that verse contains sixteen words). If these initial words are disregarded, the lines are in alphabetic order, nN being repeated three times. The third line of the second stanza should begin 0°97 instead of 0°9 7’. 16 (44a). A hymn headed nynp nbwa nn jam. It consists of four stanzas each having eight rhyming lines, and a refrain of nine rhyming lines. The refrain, which is placed first, begins MM1D "In, while the first stanza begins yp PX Mywa. Every stanza begins with nbwa. If this word is disregarded, the alternate lines are in alphabetic order, each letter being repeated twice. Two letters are disposed of in every stanza, and we reach as far as N. 17 (fol. 45b). A hymn headed “ns ‘15. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines, and a refrain of two rhyming lines. The refrain, which is placed first, begins MN MYy7D now. om aha taps) oink while the first stanza begins D’MIYD ]DIX "Naw Wa’ nbwa. This hymn, though constructed on a slightly different model, is a kind of complement to the preceding. Each stanza begins with mbwa, and if this word is disregarded, the lines are in alphabetic order, each letter being repeated twice. We begin with » and end with n. It i? GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA is possible to regard the stanzas of the preceding hymn as having four lines each, the rhymes in the middle of the lines being immaterial. There are also unnecessary rhymes in the middle of the lines of this hymn. 18 (fol. 47b). A hymn headed nx, and beginning D'WN7 NON. It consists of two stanzas, each having eight rhyming lines, and a refrain of seven rhyming lines. The first stanza and the refrain are the same as No. 253, 23, but this copy has a few errors which should be corrected in accordance with that codex. 19 (48a). A hymn headed 1nvo mn yn ans, and beginning paz aN) aT Ap. st consists of one stanza of four rhyming lines. As the lines bear nwap it is to be assumed that this stanza is the end of a larger hymn which contained the entire alphabet. 20 (fol. 48b). A hymn headed mms ind 't®. It consists of a stanza of four rhyming lines and a refrain of eight short rhyming lines. The refrain which is placed first begins D)°y INw2, while the stanza begins onbxn wx nwo ndpn. The first three lines begin with n, while the fourth is onda bs onyw Sym (Exodus 2.23). We may thus as- sume that this stanza is part of a hymn which contained the entire alphabet repeated three times. It consisted of twenty-two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines, the last of which was a biblical sentence. This stanza may be the first or the last. The last line of this codex is [WwA]7 OVA” yw) JDD). Forty-eight paper leaves, measuring 53 x3} ins. (=13.7X9.8 cm.). Number of lines on each page ranges from twelve to thirteen. Bold square character. The leaves form five fascicles which are fastened together by a string. The first four fascicles have ten leaves each, while the fifth has eight, as the outer sheet (two leaves) is missing. Each fascicle isnumbered. Our fragment begins with the third fascicle of the codex, and is marked}. The successive fascicles are marked '1, '7, '1, respec- tively. The fifth fascicle, whose outer sheet is missing, naturally bears no mark. [Adler.] 253 Part of a collection of liturgic poems, probably for Passover or nbwa naw andinm naw. Some hymns of this codex are found in the one marked No. 252. 1 (fol. fa). A hymn which probably had nine regular stanzas and three refrains. Each stanza and refrain consists of three rhyming LITURGY ies lines. The first two lines of the stanzas are in alphabetic order, two letters being disposed of in every stanza, while the third line is a verse, or part threeof, from nbwa. Fol. 1a begins with the last line of the second stanza which is oym n& o'n>R 30%. The third stanza is yawn ROY MOXY MX TWD Mp ADIIA omoxy nx om>ym ADV yawns. nwap are not represented here. The refrain comes after every third stanza, and begins with the word which concludes the preceding stanza. 2 (fol. 1b). A hymn beginning »3n=2 Vw ANWR. It consists of six stanzas, and two refrains. Each stanza and refrain contains three rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alphabetic order, and we reach as far as). The last lines are sentences from n>wa. The refrains which are placed after every third stanza begin with nywind and end with win. 3 (fol. 2a). A hymn beginning 17M) yANA ANIA IN. It consists of six stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. The first two lines of every stanza are in alphabetic order, each letter being repeated twice. The third line is a biblical verse. Wereach as farasi. After every third stanza the refrain nywind of the preceding hymn is re- peated. 4 (fol. 3a). A hymn headed yp1x, and beginning mman v7>x 7050 2 nny oa awa bad. It consists of six stanzas and a refrain, each having three rhyming lines. The lines are in alphabetic order, and we reach as farasx¥. The refrain which begins INV) IN” AM AYN is repeated after every third stanza. 5 (fol. 3b). A hymn beginning (read mMaD1D) 73579 71D1x. Its structure is indentical with that of preceding hymns. Its refrain begins 0°79) onx’72. 6 (ibid.). A hymn of thirteen short rhyming lines beginning ab Dida. yoa bx Ps. With a few exceptions, the words are in alphabetic order; the alphabet, except 3 which must have been omitted by the scribe through oversight, is completed in ten lines. The eleventh and twelfth lines bear the acrostic nobw (yasn b> 89p 1AaD9 OATWw 1139). 7 (fol. 4a). A hymn beginning ont nbpna nw odsix. It consists of three stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The first three lines are divided into two hemistichs which are in alphabetic order. Thus six letters of the alphabet are disposed of in every stanza. The fourth lines are verses from Ps. 136. We reach as far as ¥. 8 (4b). A hymn headed mx, and beginning 1875 OwmTp om nya. It consists of two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. 124 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA The alternate lines begin with nw1p, and this hymn, though of a dif- ferent structure, completes the alphabet of the preceding. 9 (ibid.). A hymn headed nox, and beginning nyo) Sve yw. It consists of seven stanzas, each having six lines. Each stanza is divided into two parts: one part having four rhyming lines, and the other having two rhyming lines. The second words of the first three lines are in alphabetic order, n not being represented. The fourth lines are verses form Judges 5. The second parts bear the acrostic pin moow. The last word of the first part is repeated at the beginning of the second; but this word is disregarded in the acrostic. The seven stanzas begin yw), TY, NDTN, Mra, 7WDND 7°, Wow, and 1ON’AN, res- pectively (Exodus 15). See the following hymn. 10 (6a). A hymn headed mons nox, and beginning rams yw by. It consists of seven stanzas which begin with ywr, ty, monn, PDS MID), 7399 °D, 1yow, and isN’an (Exodus 15), like the preceding hymn which it resembles in structure. Each stanza is divided into two parts: the first part consists of four rhyming lines, while the second has two rhyming lines. The first three lines of every stanza are in alphabetic order, the above-mentioned opening words being disregarded. The fourth line is a verse or phrase from Exodus 15. The second parts in the first six stanzas bear the acrostic }2>1y (pro- bably indentical with mow of the preceding hymn). The second part of the last stanza begins with n, thus completing the alphabet. 11 (fol. 7a). A hymn headed noms nox, and beginning 7xD18 niin by oT uml mw. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The first three lines in every stanza are in alphabetic order, the fourth line being a verse from II Samuel 22. w and n are not represented, as the third line of the seventh stanza begins with bq. 12 (fol. 8a). A hymn headed nox, and beginning nx “NN maa. It consists of three stanzas and three refrains. Each stanza has four rhyming lines and is in alphabetic order. The refrains begin with 72WN7 TTY, Tw aw, and medw maw, respectively; the first and the third refrains contain four rhyming lines each, while the second has four lines. We reach as far as }. In the last line of the third refrain we ought to read MYND MANS 119, instead of MINN MYND. 13 (fol. 8b). A hymn headed "In om naw Sy), and beginning VD" nb) Fmmsx. It consists of a stanza having four rhyming lines in alphabetic order and a refrain of twelve rhyming lines bearing LITURGY 5 the acrostic 2"T729N FMDV. (See Neubauer and Cowley, Catalogue, vol. Be (OSes 2 L127 lope oO Oem sooaul aol 6.0d): 14 (fol. 9a). A hymn headed 1339p »”*, and beginning obynn mR op. It consists of a stanza having four rhyming lines and a refrain of twenty-one rhyming lines. The first eight lines of the refrain bear the acrostic wy (two lines being devoted to each letter, wy and 5 being actually repeated twice), and the following seven lines have "3n7T725n. 15 (fol. 10a). A hymn beginning nbn dita pin yor. Three stanzas, each having four rhyming lines in alphabetic order, reach as far as 9, and are followed by a number of biblical verses. Then comes a stanza of four rhyming lines which does not count in the alphabetic order. After the heading }19 the alphabetic order is resumed. In twelve rhyming lines the letters ¥5yDI9 are repeated twice. The alphabetic arrangement is once more interrupted by biblical verses and a stanza of four rhyming lines. After the heading 7’n» follow twelve rhyming lines which complete the alphabet, each letter being repeated twice. The first eight lines contain besides 7p the acrostic }wy in a peculiar way: between the first and second p there are y and between the first and second 4 there are |}. Biblical verses follow once more. 16 (fol. 12a). A hymn headed mnninad yous wwy mew or. It contains four stanzas unequal in the number of their lines. 17 (12b). A prayer beginning NN TNX Ny 7DN) AWS nya. It contains six stanzas unequal in the number of their lines. 18 (fol. 13a). A hymn headed wy wom mn> wbw oir. It consists of four stanzas and a refrain. Every stanza contains four rhyming lines. The first three lines are in alphabetic order, while the third is a verse from Exodus 14. We thus reach as far as >. All stan- zas except the first begin with AMD and a number which do not count in the alphabetic order. The refrain contains six rhyming lines. 19 (14a). A hymn beginning W271 Joy 7193 ANWw Amr. It is obviously incomplete. For it seems that every stanza contained four rhyming lines, and two letters of the alphabet were disposed of in every stanza. Thus in the first stanza & and 23 are represented, two lines being devoted to each letter. Then follows a refrain of four rhyming lines. After the refrain come two stanzas which contain pipy. These stanzas are followed by another refrain of four rhyming lines. 20 (fol. 14b). A hymn beginning 1772728 °7193.°22 Ns (see Davidson, JQOR., New Series, I, p. 110). In its present form this hymn is frag- mentary, although no leaves are missing. It was probably abridged before it was incorporated in the ritual. There is sufficient reason to 126 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA assume that it originally consisted of at least eleven stanzas and a similar number of refrains. Each stanza contained four rhyming lines, while each refrain contained eight rhyming lines. In the stanza the alternate lines were in alphabetic order, two letters being disposed of in every stanza. The fourth line was a biblical verse or part thereof. In this codex two stanzas and three refrains are preserved, two refrains following each other without a stanza between them. We thus only reach as far as 4. Every refrain begins with pyyn np. The second stanza is the same as that of No. 252,1, apy orpn [x> 725] may, and the refrain which follows that stanza in that codex is identical with the one which is placed after stanza 1 of this codex. The refrain Symp” pysn m9 (which is shorter than that of codex No. 252) is placed here after the second stanza and is followed by another beginning *»y Tya pyxn mp. This is the end of fol. 15b. 21. A strip of paper is inserted here, and its writing is sidewise. Recto has a hymn beginning »)7y bmi aE. It contains three stanzas and a refrain, each having three rhyming lines. The first two lines of every stanza are in alphabetic order, each letter being repeated twice, while the third line is a verse, or part thereof, from Exodus 14 and 15. Verso has only one line mdin Pus jn? ‘WNT MIN. 22 (fol. 16a). A hymn beginning 7wpn 195 wwe 8. It consists of three stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and we thus reach as far as }. The words '11) ’a's are placed after this hymn. This evidently refers to 21. 23 (ibid.). A hymn beginning o'nweN 7 nor. It has a stanza and a refrain, and is identical with that of codex No. 252, 18.) Some of the lines of that codex are corrupt, and should be corrected in ac- cordance with this codex. 24 (fol. 16b). A hymn beginning moved o> ovnone. The same as codex 252, 3. But we only reach as far as ¥ which is followed by the refrain ody 75x nyw nx i ayn. 25 (fol. 17a). A hymn beginning ax 45 ipys’ yaya opr. The same as No. 252, 4. But the present copy is more accurate, for in that copy } is missing. 26 (fol. 17b). A hymn headed ‘1 "> 5x Ipyy, and beginning mavn mp *ny aad nx (see Davidson, JOR., New Series, I, p. 110). Identical with No. 252, 5. It isno doubt fragmentary. In that codex we reach as far as 1, while here we have one more stanza containing LITURGY 127 mand}. The letters between) and and the remainder of the alphabet after ] are missing also in this codex. There is also a refrain beginning MyYwWIs AX Wo and containing twelve rhyming lines. 27 (fol. 18b). A hymn headed 799 2237 78") JD), and begin- ning AMD) (?a9n) Ten AWA ATW. On the two sides of the heading there is, written by another hand, mn we axd9 saw ind. It is frag- mentary, and probably consisted of eleven stanzas. We have two stanzas and a refrain. Each stanza has four rhyming lines. The alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and we have yoi9. Then fol- lows a refrain of six rhyming lines. 28 (fol. 19a). A hymn headed 75D 729 FDS, and beginning ])18& mw xb inat. The heading may mean that the author was a certain Joseph, or that the melody is the same as a hymn beginning 719 *)DY mp, 9 standing for ind. We have here a stanza of four rhyming lines and a refrain of eight short rhyming lines. The alternate lines of the stanza are in alphabetic order. We only have & and 3. 29 (ibid.). A hymn beginning tom xb wry nor. It consists of two stanzas and a refrain. Each stanza has three rhyming lines. The first two lines are in alphabetic order, while the third is a biblical verse. We thus reach as faras“4. The refrain has six rhyming lines. 30 (fol. 19b). A hymn headed °n¥s8y FIs TY jDI), and beginning MWY] DN WS [YM opin. There is one stanza here which contains four rhyming lines. The alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and we have here 39 (unless the paitan merely refers to the Manna). It is followed by a refrain of six rhyming lines. 31 (zbid.). A hymn headed jos jos pyxn no. It contains eighteen rhyming lines. 32 (fol. 20b). A hymn headed nawm 03d jm" 1D Wh, and begin- ning Naw 7Dw wr. It consists of thirty-two lines which are in alpha- betic order and end with naw. 33 (fol. 21a). A composition in rhymed prose on Sabbath. It begins yy¥ yoo on Ayd amin or. 34 (fol. 21b). A short composition headed 51x, and beginning ms onat mwboy dind. 35 (fol. 22a). A hymn headed nm yow Swhw, and beginning MN pin anp yow mn. It contains eight rhyming lines. If we disregard the first word (°71), we get the acrostic ]In moo in the first seven lines. The last line is Proverbs 1.5. 36 (ibid.). A hymn headed 1xY, and beginning 11773 Jyow PK. It probably consisted of eleven stanzas and a refrain, each containing 128 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA three rhyming lines. The first two lines in every stanza are in alpha- betic order, two letters being disposed of in every stanza, while the third line is a sentence or phrase from Exodus 18. The refrain was placed after every third stanza. This codex has five complete stanzas and a refrain, as well as the first line of the sixth stanza which is od)25 yp Sapa. As the verses of Exodus 18 are given in order, there is no doubt that the third line of the sixth stanza was °"” 8°x17 °D. Twenty-two paper leaves, forming one fascicle which is tied together by a string. Size 52X33 ins. (=13.7X9.5 cm.). Number of lines on each page ranges from twelve to fourteen. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 254 Part of a piyyut based on Canticles and probably read on Passover. The first legible stanza begins mt AyINA NAT Tw wiap>. Each stanza begins with the last word of the preceding. Two paper leaves, measuring 534; ins. (=14.610.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from thirteen to fourteen to a page. Oriental cursive character. [U. P.] 255 Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Azharot. Recto contains the last sixteen lines of the positive precepts, beginning with ADD) 18 nD NOY NBT mI. The bottom of the page has on. Verso is headed nwyn xb myo, and covers the first seventeen lines (till payin wand mandy a). Instead of An” this fragment has 4m (ninth line from the end of positive precepts). One paper leaf, badly damaged and mutilated, measuring 83x 6 ins. (=22X15.3 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page (two lines of verso contain each two lines of the text). Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. This leaf probably belongs to the same codex as No. 256. The writing and the method, as well as the appearance of the paper, seem to be identical, though this fragment contains less lines to a page. {Lederer. | 256 Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Azgharot. Fol. 1a begins with tmw npn xd (instead of xd) of the printed LITURGY 129 edition; stanza 28 of the negative precepts), and fol. 2b ends with oat nny 7A (stanza 65). There are a number of variants. Thus jnn N9) instead of prin xdy (stanza 32); mond for DIX (stanza 60); myn for ANDO (stanza 65). The order of the stanzas differs in some cases from that of the printed editions. The short lines of each stanza are divided, two on each line of the manuscript. The first line of each stanza is marked by three dots (+: ). Thirty-eight stanzas have been preserved (9 on fol. 1a; 94 on 1b; 94 on 2a; 10 on 2b). Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 8462 ins. (=21.6X15.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to twenty to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. This fragment perhaps belongs to the same codex as INon-255., |Amram,| 257 Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Azharot. Recto begins with moam para mop boy x1 (stanza 111 of the negative precepts), and verso ends with S5pn1 2D), (stanza.131). The lines of each stanza are divided into hemistichs, a stanza oc- cupying two lines of the manuscript. Hence twenty-two stanzas have been preserved. The order of the stanzas is different from that of the printed editions. There are some important variants, as bia’ xd soy for xb som bya (stanza 122). One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 813 X53 ins. (=22.3 14.6 cm.). There are twenty-two lines to a page. Oriental cursive character, with vowel-points. [Amrem.] 258 Part of a piyyut on the laws of Tabernacles, modelled after Ibn Gebirol’s Azharot for Pentecost. Each stanza consists of four short lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another, while the fourth of all stanzas rhymes ino. Each line begins with one short syllable followed by five long ones. The following stanza may be taken as an example of the style: bxnwa ab by NIT WINN) oy oO po yao adidm 130 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA It cannot be ascertained whether it ever formed part of the liturgy of the synagogue. : Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 7453 ins. (=19X14 cm.). There are fourteen lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 259 Part of a collection of liturgic poems for Pentecost. 1 (fol. la). A hymn which probably had twelve stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. It was based on the ten commandments, and was obviously composed for Tabernacles. Each of the first ten stanzas ends with a commandment, the fourth line beginning with ‘32. (=71272) followed by a number. The last two stanzas describe the giving of the Law at mount Sinai. This page begins with the third line of the eighth stanza which is arb pt nn Np dip ny oT ann xd ‘pw ‘272. 2 (ibid.). A hymn headed o°251Nm), and beginning *3yo” 7 M7DDA Mow) o'nND. It contains two stanzas, having five and four rhyming lines, respectively. Both end with biblical verses. 3 (fol. 1b). A hymn headed nbv, and beginning we nxt Dp ony asi nbds. It consists of eight stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The second words in the first three lines (in some cases two words which may be joined by a makkef are regarded as one) are in alphabetic order. The last line of every stanza except the last is a sentence from Psalm 29 beginning with bp. The last stanza has n and, perhaps, [hon. 4 (fol. 2a). A hymn headed naw by, and beginning a 78 0°D mand ypa ts. It consists of three stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The second words and in some cases also the third words bear the acrostic Pop vara arydy. 5 (fol. 2b). A hymn headed JADA DnYD 'I7 ANN yNo ‘1p, and beginning 1D99N0 yrxo bxdb onatER wa Tw. It consists of five stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. Every line begins with a word from Cant. 1. The second words in the first three lines are in alphabetic order. The third line is a sentence from Prov. 8, except in the last two stanzas. Inthe fourth stanza we reach as far as ¥. The remaining stanza is not in the alphabetic scheme. A hymn by this paitan is found in the Bodleian Library. See Neubauer and Cowley, Catalogue, 2714 8f. LITURGY 131 Two parchment leaves, measuring 443 54 ins. (=12.5 14 cm.). Number of lines on each page ranges from fourteen to sixteen. Oriental square character. [Adler.] 260 Part of a collection of piyyutim for Pentecost. Recto begins with the latter part of a piyyut which seems to be based on the Ten Commandments. This is followed by another headed noanx, which begins with 777n yoDA *nns, and is preserved in its entirety. It consists of twelve stanzas arranged alphabetically. Each stanza has three lines, the first two of which rhyme with one another, while the third line is moa * Sip, or 79Ma 7” bip alter- nately. Two letters of the alphabet are disposed of in each stanza. The letters w and n are repeated twice. Verso ends with the first line of a piyyut headed (?)mip> -mx, which begins oy anpa mdxdxx. One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 7454 ins. (=19 13.3 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines, while verso has eighteen. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 261 Part of a collection of piyyutim for Pentecost. Two paper leaves, badly torn and faded, measuring 6,5; 51 ins. (=16.1X13.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cur- siveness; vocalized. [Amram.] 262 Fragment of a poem, in Jewish-Arabic, enumerating the 613 precepts (Azharot). The poem was probably divided into twenty-two sections, each having one of the letters of the alphabet as a rhyme. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. Each line con- tains a full verse, that is to say, two hemistichs. All the verses on fol. 1 rhyme in 5, while those on fol. 2 have D as rhyme. This seems to point to the supposition stated above that the author went through the entire alphabet in this way. The number of verses devoted to a precept is not always the same; but the majority of precepts are disposed of in one verse each. The gist of each precept is given in Hebrew on the right-hand margin. Our fragment contains thirty-three precepts, which are as follows: How GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Fol. la: yui MIM WI NWI. VITP) mad WY sn MOS 4 (AA VID yw msl nw smbdpy MONI OND Sap OVO. a te Von wrpnd moy. Fol. 1b: mrmap p09 sorlah asbon) jpn mn. Fol. 2a: no>s; pas oP naapm saws nbnw jaa 0°o> sm om oan npar smbra. Fol. 2b: *rw mop mvy> jaon conn wea Anw> joabn sypa >v po op> jamp>D or nwyo... ;wloln folw nps’ sorosyn naw Ota) WSveMe oa avi Nantsplt ID ate. The metre of this poem is Wafir, anda good many of the lines will have to be emended accordingly. In the language as well as in the orthography there is an attempt to imitate classical Arabic. Nevertheless there are such spellings as nby = ,ic, and wb =4)- Some of the words are vocalized, the Tiberian system, as a rule, being used. The pronunciation, however, indicated by the vowels, is not classical, and in many cases the scribe displays ignorance of elementary rules of Arabic grammar. Thus he has: °D DIp?N yrsxa DN2v>N ANT, Systematically a dagesh lene is used in nD 79. A short slanting line above the letter is used to indicate 4%; -; 3; . Xe £3 5; 3 (to differentiate it from 5); while —.2 is represented by x. 5 is usually written w In some cases a dagesh forte is written for a Tashdid. Thus DNDYIN = Loa! Two parchment leaves, measuring 644 X74 ins. (=17 18.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page of fol. 1 is sixteen, while fol. 2 has seven- teen lines on each page. Ordinary square character. [Adler.] 263 Fragment of a poem, in Jewish-Arabic, enumerating the 613 precepts (Azharot). It seems that this poem was constructed in the same way as No. 262. It was divided into twenty-two sections, each having one of the letters of the alphabet as a rhyme. The writing of this fragment is continuous, and when a verse ends in the middle of the line, the following verse begins on the same line. A colon marks the end of a verse. The way the fragment is folded all verses on fol. 1 rhyme in 3, while those in fol. 2 have 7. as rhyme. It thus appears that the author adopted the reverse order of the alphabet known as pwn. But there is sufficient reason to doubt whether we have here the original folding. The passages are not continuous, and whichever LITURGY 133 way we fold the sheet, some leaves are missing in the middle. Fol. 2, however, gives, for the most part, a description of the building of the Tabernacle and the making of the holy vessels, while fol. 1 contains numerous levitical precepts. It is natural to assume that the author dealt first with Exodus and then with Leviticus, and it is thus better to refold the sheet. The fragment is badly damaged and a few lines are torn off. It is thus impossible to state with certainty how many precepts it contains: Moreover there is no indication when a precept begins, and it is hard to ascertain the method of the author’s enumeration. The metre of this poem is Khafif, but in many cases emendations will be necessary in order to make the lines agree with this metre. Though the scansion requires the words to be read in classical fashion in the majority of cases, the orthography is vulgar or rather phonetic. Sometimes 9 of the definite article, when it is to be assimi- lated with the following letter, is entirely omitted. Thus ]NV18 = Ol pls 1 and ° are often used to represent short wu and 17, respectively, ee (metre demands the reading dbula); syN=U); NTND=J5ls. As a a6 .y40L Vinstance, | 135) = m5 WIY= 205 3 = Ci ress rule no diacritical marks are used. Only 1 is a few times represented by 0, and —.% by ¥. One word is vocalized in a peculiar way, and doubtless represents the vulgar Arabic pronunciation in Tiberian vowels. It is THIN = yl) (the vocalization would suggest j\.J}). The following line may be given as a specimen of the metre: ]NTIN TPN °D NAPAN NMS PAT ANIA 7D Ma IN 5 eee rage rae Pe as Oe ee SL Two parchment leaves, measuring 61X54 ins. (=15.5X14 cm.). Number of lines on each page of fol. 1 is nineteen, while fol. 2 has eighteen lines on each page. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Friedenwald.| 264 Part of a collection of dirges for the ninth of Ab. 1 (recto, 1.1) The latter part of a dirgein alphabetic order. This fragment begins with the middle of y. Each stanza consists of several short lines, all of which, except the last, rhyme with one another, while all the last lines rhyme in jp. 134 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 2 (ibid., 1. 15). A dirge, beginning DD°MAKx wy 7D, in the reverse order of the alphabet. The refrain precedes the stanzas. Each stanza begins with 99, which is not counted in the acrostic scheme. Each stanza has several short lines, all of which, except the last, rhyme with one another, while all the last lines rhyme in n3. Then stanza begins wD TN noon D>. At the end of verso we reach to the end of the letter 3. A piece of parchment, damaged, measuring 77X53 ins. (=20 14.6 cm.). There are twenty-one lines toa page. Square character. [Sulzberger.] 265 Part of a collection of piyyutim, probably for the tenth of Tebeth. 1 (fol. la, 1.6). A Kinah beginning nt Sp ’arya 8 (Luzzatto, Mahzor Roma, I, 74, and other places marked by Davidson) and con- sisting of six stanzas. Each stanza has four rhyming lines in alpha- betic order. w and nm are repeated twice. 2 (fol. 3a, 1.1). A Kinah beginning MmnX¥ ’NDDRN. Four paper leaves, faded in many places, forming a small fascicle. Size 4X27 ins. (=10.1X7.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from nine to ten to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursive- ness; vocalized inaccurately. [Amram.] 266 Part of a collection of Kinot for the Ninth of Ab. This fragment has also, in its entirety, an alphabetic Kinah headed ') WIDDN net Sy(?), and beginning MINPN) WH) 79.3 “Dax. It describes the martyrdom of the Tannaim, like the famous Kinah 7148 pada. It consists of ten stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. In the first eight stanzas two letters of the alphabet are disposed of in each stanza, some letters being repeated twice. In the last two stanzas all the lines, except the fourth, are in alphabetic order. After some stanzas there is the word mb°5 which seems to be’the part of a refrain. Two paper leaves, damaged and faded, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 54314 ins. (=13.xX9.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twelve to fifteen. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. The writing on fol. 2 is larger than that on fol. 1, but the leaves are continuous and by the same hand. [Amram.] wr LITURGY he 267 Probably part of a collection of Kinot for the Ninth of Ab. Fol. ta has ten lines in a large square hand with a tendency to cursiveness. It seems to be the middle portion of a Kinah, and the poet attributes the following words to Jeremiah: ]73 (NS pn 7s MPP FY uN MIP Jy AD yDba-- aN. Fol. 1b, which has thir- teen lines, and 2a, which has six lines, the lower half being blank, are in cursive character, but the writing is faded. The few phrases that are still legible would lead one to assume that this, too, is part of a Kinah. Fol. 2b is blank. Two paper leaves, damaged and faded, measuring 53X33 ins. (i—413>9.2,¢m.), Amram: | 3 268 Part of a collection of Kinot for the Ninth of Ab. Fol. 1 has the middle portion of a Kinah which consisted of at least twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order. Each stanza has four short lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another, while all the fourth lines have a running rhyme Fy. Fol. 1a begins with the middle of the a stanza, which is followed by mpDN O°}, and fol. 1b ends with the » stanza. Fol. 2 seems to have a Kinah based on Lamentations. Two paper leaves, torn and faded, measuring 43 33 ins. (=12 8.5 cm.). Number of lines preserved ranges from eight to ten. Bold square character; some of the words are vocalized. [Amram.]. 269 Part of a collection of Kinot. Fol. 1 has an alphabetic Kinah for the Eighteen Benedictions, headed 728 AYA, and beginning 7DDyM JAN ADS. It consists of seven stanzas (hence the title), with a refrain. Each stanza had six short rhyming lines, three of which are alternately in alphabetic order. The last stanza disposes of the last four letters of the alphabet. The refrain has four rhyming lines. Two paper leaves, the second of which is blank, measuring 63} X 4% ins. (=15.5X11.5 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 136 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 270 Part of a collection of Kinot. Fol. 1b and 2a have some Kinot, one of which seems to have the refrain ToS 3) aapoN net by. Fol. 1a and 2b have been straightened out to form one page, and have some illegible words in Arabic characters. Two paper leaves, badly damaged, measuring 34X22 ins. (=8.8 <7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from ten to eleven to a page. Oriental cursive hand. [Amram.] 271 Part of a collection of piyyutim for fast-days. 1 (fol. 1, 1.1). A piyyut for the fast of Gedaliah. It consisted of at least twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order, each having four rhyming lines. The first two lines of every stanza repeat a letter of the alphabet, while the remaining lines are prefaced by ‘wn ‘x3 (= yawn osa),and may have been constructed onanother scheme. Fol. 1a begins with the second half of the 3 stanza, and 1b ends with the first half of the). The third lines of the four stanzas spell out 70 (7709 [w] £4 which could hardly be accidental. One of the Eighteen Benedictions is put after every stanza. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 2 (fol. 2a, 1.1). A piyyut consisting of more than twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order, together with an acrostic of the author’s name. Each stanza has two rhyming lines, both beginning with the same letter of the alphabet. Fol. 2a begins with the y stanza, and the alphabet is completed on 2b. This is followed by a stanza beginning with », which seems to be part of the author’s name. Two paper leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 73 X48 ins. (=18.7X11.7 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. Bold square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Sporadic vocalization in the Babylonian system. [Amram.] 272 Part of a prayer, to be inserted on fast-days in the Eighteen Benedictions, similar to 1139 of the Ashkenazic ritual, but more ela- borate. Recto has been vocalized by a later hand. One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 6351 ins. (=17.4X 13.3 cm.). Recto has fifteen lines, while verso has seven, the lower LITURGY ity half being blank. Square character with a strong tendency to cur- siveness. [Amram.] 273 Part of a collection of liturgic poems for mourners. 1 (fol. la). A prayer beginning 15° °9 Worn”? ON. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alphabetic order, and we reach as far as }. 2 (ibid.). A prayer headed Sayd yw no73, and beginning ON 1byD 1411. It consists of six stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines are in alphabetic order, w and n being repeated. The first stanza, however, is incomplete, } and 7 having been erroneously omitted. 3 (fol. 1b). A prayer beginning ody —x 73 ys. It consists of two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines bear the acrostic pin arydn. 4 (ibid.). A prayer headed minx, and beginning noxa bxd arasist It consists of six stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines are in alphabetic order, w and n being repeated. 5 (fol. 2a). A hymn headed no mwp, and beginning Yow °nX yyy -ppw). It consists of four stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The stanzas bear the acrostic pny’. 6 (ibid.). A hymn headed mono and beginning py>s on oNdn nbiqan. It consists of two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The stanzas begin with » and x, perhaps part of 7X». 7 (fol. 2b). A hymn headed mbnn, and beginning ‘wx DINN DIN din. It consists of six stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. The lines of the first stanza bear the acrostic "28, while the following four stanzas bear the acrostic VND. 8 (ibid.). A dirge headed $5 mons o8 .ooN [12 by Arp IND mowin, and beginning 7p INY TDOD wy. Four stanzas, each having four rhyming lines, and part of the fifth are preserved here. The third line of the second stanza is corrupt, and is corrected on the margin. Two parchment leaves, measuring 63 *4,% ins. (=17.4X11.5 cm.). Number of lines on each page ranges from twenty-one to twenty-two. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 274 It seems to contain fragments of piyyutim or dirges. The last two lines of fol. 2b read: prem wen jinn mex rand pin Va's'yn. See Mann’s Jews of Egypt, II, 101. 138 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Two paper leaves, badly damaged, measuring 53X34 ins. (=13.7 8.8 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twelve to fourteen to a page. Large square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Fol. la is vocalized. [Amram.] 275 A collection of liturgic poems. Fol. 1 is headed mnaw mom ios) mwy? >” OWS. 1 (fol. la). A long hymn having twenty-three stanzas. Each stanza is composed of eight lines which are divided into two groups of four lines each; the lines in each group rhyme with one another. The stanzas, with the exception of the last, are in alphabetic order, and every line in a stanza begins with the same letter. Each letter of the alphabet is thus repeated eight times. The eight lines of the twenty-third stanza bear the acrostic ]727 pny” (see Zunz, 284, 720). The hymn begins spipd NSN (a variant 7’Ty is written above the line) panna, and ends yom) yor Dbiyd "> /a. 2 (fol. 4b). A hymn headed $"xr prpbs nonobs ond anni yp. It begins onnx nya o> pny max on AD. Although the prayer is in prose, it has certain restrictive features. Thus on fol. 5a he praises God, arranging the words in the reverse order of the alphabet: 77ssnn ATO a ann spmbnna. On fol. 6a he enumerates God’s attri- butes in a double alphabet: ‘1D) p’oNT Vann. On the same page he describes the effect of God’s ways over all created things, and the objects are arranged alphabetically: opran by myn xm yugt by ND) x7 om. Instead of tom by read bin Sy. On fol. 6b there is an explanation of the ten divine names: “wv Dx; onbsx; mms AWS ON; pabon °2bn 750; wp; mms yous (?)ow; 77; meas; m; yoy dx. This prayer ends on fol. 8b. See Halper, Post-Biblical Hebrew Lit- erature, vol. I, pp. 33-36. Fol..9 is headed myo mnaw *”? awa. 3 (fol. 9a). A Selihah beginning OYA 7TY NNN (a variant OVS is written above the line; this is a better reading, as the next line ends with nvm). It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The first three lines in every stanza are in alphabetic order, the fourth commencing with ptxa. Thus in the seven stanzas all letters except y are disposed of. In these seven stanzas forgiveness is asked on account of the merits of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, the twelve tribes, Moses, Aaron, and Phineas. See Aleppo Mahzor, No. 690. 4 (ibid.). A Selihah beginning "ny jaw ox inns. It consists of ten stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The stanzas are in LITURGY 139 alphabetic order, and we thus reach as far as’. The fourth line in each stanza ends with a biblical verse. 5 (fol. 10a). A Selihah beginning 1x Wax Jow by une. It consists of seven stanzas, etch having four rhyming lines. The lines are in alphabetic order, the alphabet being completed in the middle of the sixth stanza. The five following lines bear the acrostic 712! (see Zunz, 168, 257). The last line is Dorm NOD by awy dx. 6 (ibid.). A Selihah beginning on mod 4ow moms om aN. It consists of seven stanzas, each having two rhyming lines. Every stanza begins with opm ax. The word following this phrase is al- ways a verb in the imperfect first person singular. The radical letters of these verbs in the first six stanzas bear the acrostic pin nd’. 7 (fol. 10b). A Selihah beginning xan b> by pay ans. It con- sists of six stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. 8 (ibid.). A Selihah beginning 7>?77N3 15D) mnww’r. It consists - of eleven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and two letters are disposed of in every stanza. t is omitted, and 1 is repeated. The fourth line in every stanza begins with mb and is a biblical verse. Each succeeding stanza begins with the word with which the preceding one concludes. 9 (fol. 11b). A Selihah headed 7175, and beginning nwRd DK NOX NN Aaya AWS TWIT AwITpS MwInDI nwap. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four long rhyming lines. The first three lines of every stanza are in alphabetic order, the fourth being a biblical verse. In the last stanza the fourth line is also in alphabetic order. 10 (fol. 12a). A Selihah beginning AD YN °xy vNyA IDR. It consists of twenty-two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alphabetic order. There is a number of scribal errors in this Selihah, some of which have been corrected by a later hand. 11 (fol. 13b). A Selihah beginning (!)"Mpnn mpd wDI 7? °K. (Cowley and Neubauer, vol. II, 2722 1c). This line ends fol. 13b, and the same words are repeated in fol. 14a, but instead of the erroneous >9NDnn we have 77’nNn. It probably consisted of twenty-two stanzas, each having four lines. The first three lines rhymed with one another, while the fourth lines of all stanzas had a common rhyme (19-). The stanzas were in alphabetic order. But in our codex this Selihah is corrupt. Thus the stanza which begins with } is entirely omitted in the text, and is added by a later hand on the margin. Only eight stanzas (including ) of the margin) are left, and we reach as far as 9, a few stanzas obviously having been run into one. It ends odiy> »"'3 140 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA (ON) JOx. The Bodleian fragment of this Selihah was published by B. Lewin in *}10Dnn, vol. II, p. 49. 12 (fol. 14b). A Selihah headed -yq$, and beginning $x nbs yw py mwyn Ss cywpo rain. It consists of twenty-two long lines, rhyming with one another, and is in alphabetic order. At the end of this Selihah there is an Arabic word nip (it 1s completed). See 71) o>win’, vol. Il, p. 22a. 13 (fol. 15a). A hymn beginning obi ona $55 pep Jina. It consists of twenty-three lines rhyming with one another. Every line, except the twenty-third, begins with 7172 followed by a Piel or Hifil participle. The radicals of these participles are in alphabetic order. The last line is Psalm 98.3, combined with Psalm 89.53. 14 (fol. 15b). A prayer beginning -nexp *anpa ombs oD by Nba yaad myn moray. It has forty-two short lines, all rhyming with one another. (See x7391n TIM, II, p. 1, and other places marked by Da- vidson. 8 is to be inserted before 7x.) 15 (fol. 16a). A reply from God beginning noi °bs van and *oy na. It has nineteen short lines all rhyming with one another. 16 (fol. 16b). A prayer beginning py) ’wDI3 MXY MVR TIN TY nn. It has about seventy-five lines of unequal length, allrhyming with one another. 17 (fol. 18a). A prayer beginning max nya Iwi ‘mn Ox mpr (not identical with Zunz, p. 338. See, however, ya myo, No. 71, and other places marked by Davidson). It contains twenty lines of unequal length, all rhyming with one another. It ends with Psalm 7.7 and 89.53. 18-23. (fol. 18b). A series of six hymns based on Psalms 120-125. They are headed mbynn twa mban bapn mo5355nn. This, however, may belong to end of poem. Each hymn begins with oy, and the word which follows it isinalphabetic order. Thus ,*n¥xo07,’ns207, efc. For) in the sixth hymn he uses m7, disregarding 7 which is not of the root. The number of stanzas in these hymns is 8, 8, 9, 7, 8, 8, respectively. Each stanza has four rhyming lines. The first stanza in each hymn bears the acrostic DY in an irregular manner. The remaining stanzas are arranged alphabetically. Three letters are disposed of in each stanza, the fourth line being a verse from the particular psalm on which the hymn is based. The author is Joseph b. Isaac Ibn Abitor. See Halper, Post-Biblical Hebrew Literature, vol. I, pp. 41-48. 18. Its first stanza is *bypom -ywp noo cyan ands 4>9m5 ones or yay cmsap °> mmoxa Ss oyppan asap mbyon wa crrdn bx. LITURGY 141 In the text we only reach as far as x; but wp and probably n is added on the margin; the end is torn off. All the verses of Psalm 120 are used up for the first seven stanzas, the rhyme in each case is the same as the last words of the verses. 19. Its first stanza is Ds) ywp ns nbpi vaxy cpyw qam> ons op ary wD pro orn bs ory xwx van cpnsap mbyom wa moy> yon. Obviously the same as Zunz, p. 179. As there are eight stanzas in this hymn and a corresponding number of verses in Psalm 121, a verse is employed in each stanza. w and n are disposed of in one line (nSnyw baipn). 20. Its first stanza is y°dD ms aw 45m $7 oy Jina qonind one or > oamiea cnnow 750 qnsap mbyon wwa 7551 (read na) nno boa th ”> ma. Obviously the same as Zunz, p. 179, though offering some important variants. The hymn he describes has only seven stanzas, and reaches as far as ¥, whereas the present copy has nine stanzas, completing the alphabet and repeating n three times. The nine stanzas are evidently occasioned by the fact that Psalm 122 has nine verses. The end of stanza a and the whole of stanza 3 are written on the margin. 21. Its first stanza is 5Nb5 my? cPehatie iw htassfa) Ss fatter aha) Mg cian! dah yavym ory ms cnxwi pos ons a> cnzaw mbyon wwa mors onynnd o’pwa. As Psalm 123 only has four verses, verse 2 is divided into three parts and verse 4 into two parts, hence this hymn has seven stanzas, NYaAPSDY are represented in one stanza. End of stanza 5 and begin- ning of stanza 6 are written on the margin. 22. Its first stanza is (nmyD Sax oc ywo Famwd> cnpsen oo” mo sib (read Syn) Sos 7>5m5 mbyon awa ds bo by on bs dp Synw x2 tow 15 mm. There is a stanza for every verse of Psalm 124. w and n are represented in one line (ON)NnN nynw). 23, Its first stanza is q>u>p nbwp avin qow oya 7>xbp mom or pio? xd PS IAD" OMIA awpm —pnSip mbyon wa awn bx op ay obdiys. As Psalm 125 has only five verses, the paitan found it necessary to divide verses 2, 3,and 5 into two parts, and he thus ob- tains biblical sentences for eight stanzas. w and nN are represented in one line (b>wn bay). 24 (fol. 21a). A Selihah headed y's jran byprmd, and beginning nme vin>*D) cndos ond. It consists of eleven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. Each stanza is divided into two parts; the first part always begins with ms and the second with mN7. The lines following these words are in alphabetic order, and thus two letters of 142 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA the alphabet are disposed of in every stanza. The fourth line of every stanza is a verse from Psalms. The Selihah ends with Psalm 89.53. 25 (fol. 2b). A prayer beginning ws b> cnn MIT DDN ON Inyya. It consists of twenty-two rhyming lines, in alphabetic order. It ends with Psalm 89.53. 26 (fol. 22a). A hymn beginning 7D’NN Tw obwx. It consists of seven stanzas each having four short lines. The entire hymn rhymes in m0—. The lines are in alphabetic order, and the fourth line in each stanza is the refrain nowim $> pa Sonn. Thus three letters of the alphabet are disposed of in every stanza; in the last stanza n is placed before the refrain and hence nis represented. On the margin of fol. 22a is Psalm 150.6. 27 (fol. 22b). A hymn headed nyvwb5 nay, and beginning sb 37373 JANws. It consists of twenty-two rhyming lines. It ends with Psalm 120.1. 28 (fol. 22b). A hymn headed naw, and beginning *n7rm °77K% pobnnn vyn cum 4311p. It consists of nine stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. It is based on Psalm 103. (Comp. 18-23 of this codex.) The phraseology is borrowed from that Psalm. The first three lines of every stanza are in alphabetic order, and the fourth is a verse of that Psalm. The entire alphabet is disposed of, and then follows slightly irregularly the acrostic pin VDD (see Zunz, p. 496). It ends with Psalm 89.53, 29 (fol. 23b). A Selihah beginning *yrrum mond onxs ox cobs mn. It consists of eleven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. Every stanza begins with 08 °n9x, which do not count in the alphabetic arrangement. ‘The first two lines in every stanza are in alphabetic order, and thus all the letters are disposed of in the eleven stanzas. The third lines bear the acrostic np’ j2 11y>x, while the fourth line in each case is a verse from Psalms beginning with by. In the eleventh stanza the third line begins with 131 4710n which is obviously intended for [p]rn. 30 (fol. 24a). A hymn beginning wa) mn 7S owa NwE. It is based on Psalm 23, and consists of eight stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. It is probably corrupt. For it seems to have been con- structed in alphabetic order, three letters to be disposed of in every stanza. This arrangement holds good for the first two stanzas. But the third stanza begins with » instead of . Thustandn are missing, unless we count these letters irregularly. The fourth line in every LITURGY 143 stanza is a verse of Psalm 23. The author is Solomon of Barcelona(?), for the seventh stanza has 19MM FIONA WA Bom xo md naw ND-yM ...0 JAND ...ap1p? my. 31 (fol. 24b). A hymn headed am ADVd. It is based on Psalm 126, and is a continuation of the series of six hymns mentioned above (18-23 of this codex). The first letter after OV is 1. Only two and a half stanzas are preserved here. For at this point the third fascicle ends. Its first stanza is 5mm) yop &2 NW IVY SD pa 4o7 conor OL) ws naw ns awa yy qsops mbyon wa qriw. The author is Joseph Ibn Abitor. Now follow five leaves (25-29) by a different hand. The first three leaves belonged to this codex, while the other two are inserted from another. 32 (fol. 25a). A hymn which evidently had twenty-two stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. It was arranged alphabetically, each letter of the alphabet being repeated three times. Our fragment begins with the middle of the sixth stanza: naw Sax> onno -naw DD. 33 (fol. 26a). A hymn whose first stanza is -odvy om>x 7NDN pbiyn mm toxw Jina ody ax’ mpxva. It consists of twenty-two stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alpha- betic order, w being omitted. The third line in every stanza, except the last, begins with 4172. 34 (fol. 28a). A hymn headed and yorn any, and beginning INP WIP NID -ywawn ora. It is obliterated in many places. 35 (fol. 30a). A hymn headed 339977198 °0715 nay. The writing is the same as that of the first three fascicles. This hymn begins »4oS> wy aN. It has twelve stanzas, each consisting of four rhyming lines, and is in alphabetic order. Each letter of the alphabet is repeated twice, and the entire alphabet is disposed of in eleven stanzas. The twelfth line bears the acrostic ’D)._ (In the third line read n¥p instead of mp1.) 36 (fol. 30b). A prayer beginning pin rpeyi) wslphtalelelyy vad he consists of ten stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. First lines in cach stanza are in alphabetic order, and reach as far as’; second lines bear the acrostic 7373 ]3 °w1 (in stanza 5 read 7’2 instead of AY’AN, and 7 after mp) of the third line in the last stanza completes the name). The third line in every stanza is a verse from Psalms beginning with mob. This prayer ends with Psalm 89.53. Now follow four leaves (31-34) from another codex. 37 (fol. 31a). A hymn headed 75107 md ynn> mw, and be- 144 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA ginning o’D1p° od: on od5on. It contains about twenty rhyming lines. 38 (fol. 31b). A Selihah headed mAnaw pp 'r(!), and beginning sayin bs iynpix yx. It consists of seven stanzas, each having ten lines. Each stanza is divided into two parts: one part consisting of six rhyming lines and the other of four rhyming lines. The first parts are in alphabetic order, each letter being repeated consecutively six times. We thus reach as far as}. These parts always end with two names of Gentile tribes. The lines of the second part bear the acrostic 2 pin )Syi9 WDONM pms’ an (?)ja mwa. These parts end with two names of Hebrew tribes (v0) O'ADN supply the seventh stanza). Fol. 33a has one line of the preceding Selihah which is followed by the superscription moon and nypo. It comprises extracts from Berakot 56b-57a, but the arrangement of the Talmud is not followed. There isa number of variants. Thus we have 7Dx” MT jOw ANNAN and, while in Berakot 57a the reading is m7)n T1ND9. These extracts continue up to fol. 33b, 1.9. Then comes a discussion on the rules of the calendar, beginning noon 'I'7'n'2'5 mona oyy mo wrpd os ‘n'y. This ends on fol. 34b. On the margin and bottom of that page there are six liturgic lines written by the same hand as the first three fascicles. The same writing continues as far as 39a. 39 (fol. 35a). A hymn headed >2399729x °015 naw x, and begin- ning Nan) VsmD wus. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines are in alphabetic order, w and n being re- peated twice. Thus the alphabet is disposed of in six stanzas. The lines of the last stanza bear the acrostic °D’). 40 (zbid.). A Selihah whose first stanza is 7S sbn0 593 10WS ope RUT ND TONd shehiake: ry. It consists of twenty-six stanzas, each having three short rhyming lines. The first lines of the stanzas are in alphabetic order. The last four stanzas bear the acrostic 71)>x. Very likely this Selihah is also by Nisi. 41 (fol. 35b). A hymn beginning nnbS)> noms aIINa OvAY mmr. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines are in alphabetic order, and the entire alphabet is disposed of in six stanzas, w and n being repeated twice. (The last line of the sixth stanza is slightly corrupt, and the words are to be re-arranged in order to place J7A4n first.) The seventh stanza bears the acrostic ’D’3. 42 (fol. 36a). A Selihah beginning 192] OMTya ANA wDin. It consists of twelve stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines LITURGY 145 are in the reverse order of the alphabet, each letter being repeated twice. The entire alphabet is disposed of in eleven stanzas, and stanza 12 has the acrostic ’D°) (the first line of the last stanza is slightly corrupted, and we should read yNm 7IpIIN instead of FIpN) p7ANT). 43 (fol. 36b). A prayer beginning yw xn cnabya psn. It consists of twenty-three stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. The first lines of each stanza are in the reverse order of the alphabet; the second lines bear the acrostic °M JNM] 1D MI72 ja wi. The seventeenth stanza appears to be spurious, asit repeats | unnecessarily, and yields the unusual spelling jn). ~The third lines in each stanza are biblical verses beginning with °>. The prayer ends with Psalm 9.53. 44 (fol. 37b). A prayer beginning minpa -waom xvn by. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines are arranged alphabetically; the entire alphabet is disposed of in six stanzas, & and n being repeated twice. The last stanza bears the acrostic wy? . 45 (fol. 38a). A prayer beginning Opt Aw) ONIDS Myra wpNn. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines are in the reverse order of the alphabet. The entire alphabet is disposed of in six stanzas, & and 3 being repeated twice. The last stanza bears the acrostic °D’). 46 (fol. 38b). A hymn beginning m420 yas man avy oom. It probably consisted of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines are in alphabetic order. We reach as far as w when fol. 38b finishes. Fol. 39a is no continuation of fol. 38b. But in view of the fact that all hymns on the last four leaves are by Nisi, it is quite likely that this one too is his composition, especially as he was fond of this sort of structure. The present hymn deals with the merits of Jacob. 47 (fol. 39a). A hymn which consisted at least of forty-four stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alpha- betic order, two stanzas being devoted to each letter. This page be- gins with the middle of the second 5 stanza. The first ¥ stanza begins on) onbn xdi myxio ony. This page ends with the second w stanza. At the bottom of the page there are two lines, written in the opposite direction, which continue fol. 39b. It seems that when the scribe who copied the liturgic poems made up his fascicles, some of the pages were no longer blank. Had he used parchment, he might have scratched off the writing which was in his way. But as his material was paper, he was compelled to leave it 146 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA alone. He, however, trimmed the leaves to make them of the same size as the others. Fol. 39b. A fragment of a halakic treatise, in Arabic, on the laws that govern the relationship between a tenant or field laborer (0°18; in this fragment it is spelt Dy; comp. Jastrow’s Dictionary, p. 1117b) and the land-owner. The passage '1D) (nT mxmo> ‘ox ony (Baba Mesi‘a 110a) is quoted. After remarking jonj 375 sp$m, the writer continues: (bDM=) PPM JX av VAD Sxx xom. It is perhaps Samuel b. Hofni’s n>qwbs oNonEN, part of which is found among the Genizah fragments at the Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Thirty-nine paper leaves, measuring 5,5; X37 ins. (=13.5X9.8 cm.). The first twenty-four leaves form three fascicles of eight leaves each, and are written by the same hand. The remaining fifteen leaves are tied together as if they were one fascicle. Out of these fifteen leaves six do not belong to this codex, and are written by a different hand, while the other nine formed part of this codex, though they contain various kinds of writing. This fascicle had ten leaves, one of which is torn off, a narrow strip still remaining of it. Five and a half leaves of this fascicle are written in the same hand as the other three fascicles, three leaves have a bolder character, while the last page is written in the direction opposite to that of the remainder of the codex. The traces left on the narrow strip of this fascicle are of the same writing as this last page. The leaves that have been inserted from another book have two kinds of writing: leaves 28 and 29 form one group, and leaves 31, 32, 33, and 34 form another. Leaves 31 and 32 are split. The number of lines on each page ranges from sixteen to twenty-two. Oriental square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 276 Part of a prayer in fluent Hebrew with an Arabic translation which follows every paragraph. One of the paragraphs begins nym. on say> any ny Soa any), and the Arabic translation is 2105) Ode °D aNMIdN aNd |. Sy mys. The style of the Hebrew as well as the Arabic is like Sa‘adya’s. See Rosenberg, Kobes, II, pp. 74, seq. Two paper leaves, badly damaged and torn, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 7453 ins. (=19X13.3 cm.). Number of LITURGY 147 lines ranges from sixteen to seventeen to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 277 Part of a collection of dirges, probably for burial service. 1 (fol. 1). The greater portion of a dirge which consisted of at least twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order. It also has a refrain beginning *}1D. Each stanza has four rhyming lines, the last of which is a biblical quotation, chiefly from Ecclesiastes 12. 1-7. The first legible words belong to the t stanza, and 1b ends with 9. The jp stanza, which is one of the few still preserved, reads oTyo pwynr mp5 www dip mr Poyap yyty Fo p20 Inve amNd1 Inve D>) OapIOT pwa (!)aao1 Is it by Joseph as the following? 2 (fol. 2). The greater part of a dirge by Joseph Ibn Abitor (?). Its structure is similar to that of the preceding. Each stanza has four rhyming lines, the last of which is a biblical verse. Towards the end more than one letter is disposed of in a stanza. The first legible words belong to the A stanza. The last two stanzas repeat the name FD), the second of which reads: Uw PIX °D-"?onyTD Suav nbn. may TDN) Symp yawn dy mptsn naw Hawa TDN FIT prsn yynd 3 (fol. 2, last line). The first stanza of a dirge headed “nx, and beginning av” YN ly wir. Two paper leaves, faded and the upper part torn off, measuring 77X54 ins. (=20X14 cm.). About sixteen fragmentary lines -have been preserved to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. Sporadically vocalized. [Amram.] 278 Part of a collection of piyyutim. 1 (la, 11). A piyyut headed 771, and consisting of twelve stanzas, each having three short rhyming lines, the third of which is a biblical verse. The first stanza begins 179¥ (wa) m4, and the following 148 ’ GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA ten are in alphabetic order. We reach as far as ’, and the last stanza begins with 727. See min °nDw, p. 141, and other places marked by Davidson. 2 (1b, 1.3). A piyyut by Judah ha-Levi headed nonx, and beginning *»y Jnyw io) new Tron. (Brody’s edition, III, p. 197.) 3 (2a, 1.1). A piyyut by Moses Ibn Ezra, headed Ny ja mw, and beginning Pwwirratt yp vert. It has four stanzas, the last three of which spell out Two. See min °nDw, p. 75a, and other places mark- ed by Davidson. 4 (2b, 1.1). A piyyut beginning "NY 7X MS MAD 5 op by Isaac Ibn Ghayyat. It consists of five stanzas, each having short lines, the first few of which rhyme with one another, while the last lines have a running rhyme ’n. The first stanza spells out pny’ (...0”r pom. .. 118), while the first words of the other four stanzas are by, 47, 78, and -npiwn. See min -npw, p. 174b, and other places marked by Davidson. At the top of the page there is some writing which seems to have been added by a later hand and looks like oanm wr. Two paper leaves, slightly faded, measuring 635 ins. (=16.4 12.7 cm.). Number of lines to a page ranges from fourteen to twenty, written irregularly. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Though presumably by the same hand, the writing shows various styles. [Amram.] 279 Part of a collection of piyyutim. Fol. 2a is headed ‘on7 ‘nwa. 1 (fol. 1, 1.2). A piyyut beginning ay IY. TP yw NAW })DDP mvny. by Moses b. ... It consists of eleven rhyming lines, the first five of which clearly spell out 72 Twp. There is faulty spelling in some cases, as nm) for xbor. This piyyut ends on fol. 1a, 1.6, where it says: bipbs Syd. This is followed by nonx; but the rest of the page is blank. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 2 (fol. 2a, 1.1). End of a pityyut, which is scarcely legible. It seems to have various refrains like "? 197) and "> 1anw. 3 (fol. 2a, 1.10). A piyyut by Abraham Ibn Ezra, headed m71N9 Mrry ja om7axd, and beginning o'4¥ N7VDK (see Egers’ list). On the upper margin of fol. 2b some one tested his pen and wrote down obp mann. Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 533% ins. (=13.7X9.8 cm.). Number of VITURGY 149 lines ranges from ten to fifteen. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 280 Part of a collection of piyyutim. Fol. 1a has the end of a piyyut, which is followed by one by Judah ha-Levi, beginning *3797 °217°y (Brody’s edition, III, p. 182). It is headed m1, and has five stanzas bearing the acrostic A717. Each stanza has four lines; but in the case of the last four stanzas there is an additional line. Fol. 1b has another piyyut by Judah ha-Levi, beginning nod Join win AMpX (Brody’s edition, vol. III, p. 304). It is headed sion md), and has five stanzas with the acrostic m7. Only the first two and a half stanzas have been preserved. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter is the last leaf of a collection of Selihot, and has two and a half long stanzas. Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 64X52 ins. (=16.4X13 cm.). Number of lines ranges from sixteen to twenty-four to a page, except fol. 2b which has only five lines, the rest being blank. Cursive character. [U. P.] 281 Part of a collection of piyyutim. 1 (fol. la 1.2). ya, by Abraham Ibn Ezra (Egers’ edition, No. 192). A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 63 X5 ins. (=16.4X12.7 cm.). There seem to have been about fifteen lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram | 284 Part of a collection of piyyutim for New Moon occurring on the Sabbath. 1. Fol. la begins with the middle of an alphabetic piyyut. Each stanza consists of three rhyming lines, the last of which is a sentence from Psalms. Two letters of the alphabet are disposed of in each stanza. In addition to the alphabetic stanza there seems to have been a refrain containing the author’s name (pny’?). This fragment begins with the end of the refrain(?), which is followed by the stanza begin- ning with 1. This piyyut as preserved here reaches only as far as > 2 (fol. la, 1.10). A piyyut headed j51x, and beginning with 1m oO’ "1¥. It is alphabetic in structure, consisting of seven stanzas. Each stanza contains three rhyming lines, and disposes of three letters of the alphabet. The last stanza has four lines. In addition, the refrain has the name pnx’, and reads: wv ON. Mow mio. ea M297) (DISA ANID IIA .733I7s8 oa WIT. LITURGY 14 3. (fol. 1b, 1.14). A piyyut beginning o'2) ‘pw jawd FJrax, and based on Ezek. 46 and other biblical verses. It consists of eight stan- zas, and a similar number of refrains. Each stanza consists of four rhyming lines, the first three of which are in alphabetic order, while the last is a biblical verse. Each refrain has two rhyming lines, the second of which is a biblical verse. The refrain begins with the last word or phrase of the stanza. The first refrain seems to contain the name pny’. The second half of fol. 2b has a few stray stanzas. This fragment seems to belong to a very old form of liturgy. Two continuous paper leaves, measuring 5;% <4 ins. (=14.3 10.2 cm.). Number of lines on a page ranges from twenty-one to twenty- three. Small square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. {Lederer. | 285 The first leaf of a collection of piyyutim. Recto, which seems to be the title-page, has, in square character, the following: o”’n py pS MD D’YIT MDA TyD 1aN 77> mNdo UNTTN ay mio pam [olon7 [ajaz7 yom $bsnw ya Sa am. This Abu Sa‘d b. Israel was probably the owner of the copy, which was specially prepared for him by the scribe and dedicated to him. The margins have some scribbling in Arabic character. Verso has the beginning of a piyyut by Ezekiel ha-Kohen, begin- ning pyp> an ort) oO”. The first eight lines have been preserved, all of which rhyme in 0), and spell out 37 Sypin. The general title namin) mop UNTAN is repeated at the top of the page One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 625 ins. (=16.8 12.7 cm.). Verso has eleven lines. Bold character; sporadic vocalization. [Amram.] 286 Part of a collection of piyyutim for fast-days. Recto begins with the middle of a piyyut which probably con- tained eighten stanzas, based on the Eighteen Benedictions, a stanza for each benediction. The structure is alphabetic, of a complicated nature. Each stanza consists of four rhyming lines, followed by a benediction. The first lines of each stanza is a sentence from Psalm 102; lines 2 and 3 repeat one letter of the alphabet; the last lines form the acrostic of the author’s name. This fragment begins with the seventh stanza, which is 97 7ipwy ...ny ont 2nd Six onn>w 7D 152 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA /./§8 apm von dx orn yoo. .tyer) onpyt 20ndd>. The last lines of the preserved stanzas spell out 7A fJa[N3] Sw (the last stanza contains the last five letters of the alphabet, but not part of the author’s name). The suggestion may be hazarded that the paitan is Samuel, as the first six stanzas probably contained 7 Dxipw (see above 252,8). This is followed by a piyyut headed vawa nwibw miynd n>, and begin- ning 9b>7 1D Jonins. Only a few lines have been preserved. The continuation is found in No. 287. The writing is faded, but it is certain that the structure of this piyyut was similar to that of the preceding. On this fast see Mann, The Jews of Egypt, etc., vol. II, p. 34. One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 7453 ins. (=18X14.2 cm.). Number of lines to a page is twenty. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Some words are vocalized. This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 287, which is its continuation. [Lederer]. 287 Part of a collection of piyyutim. 1 (fol. la, 1.1). A piyyut consisting of eighteen stanzas, based upon Psalm 30 and the Eighteen Benedictions, by Samuel the Third. Each stanza consists of four rhyming lines, the first of which is a verse from Psalm 30, and at the end there is one of the Eighteen Benedictions. After the Psalm verse follow two lines beginning with the same letter of the alphabet, and the fourth lines form an acrostic of the author’s name. This fragment begins with the second stanza. Despite the bad condition of the manuscript, the following initial letters of the fourth lines of the first seventeen stanzas are more or less distinct Dx.p. mana wbwn, and it is obvious that the missing letters are w and }. The first sixteen letters of the alphabet are repeated twice, but 5 and ¥ are disposed of in stanza 17, and the rest in stanza 18. This fragment has preserved seventeen stanzas. The first stanza is found in No. 286. 2 (fol. 2a, 1.10). A piyyut beginning oD 77w Ndp IVD dK. It consists of twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order, each having two rhyming lines. 3 (fol. 2b, 1.18). The first seven lines of a piyyut beginning Tome) ands aIDIKN (?)7>n. It had at least twenty-two rhyming lines in alphabetic order. Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 733,58 ins. (=18.2 13 cm.). Number of lines ranges from nineteen to twenty-one. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. Some of the words are vocalized. This fragment LITURGY 153 belongs to the same codex as No. 286 with which it is continuous. [Amram. ] 288 Part of a piyyut. Five complete stanzas and the last two words of another have been preserved. Each stanza begins with om>x, and consists of three short lines, the first two of which rhyme with one another, while all the third lines have a running rhyme 7¥. This piyyut was probably alphabetic, and also contained the author’s name, one letter being dis- posed of in each stanza immediately after the word O79 which was not counted. The five stanzas preserved in this fragment have the letters p35, which may be the remnant of [F)D}) j2 Sisinow]. The fact that one of the stanzas begins with vaam od» proves that the author had some such scheme. A line seems to be missing in the ? stanza. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 7454 ins. (=19 X14 cm.). There are seven lines to a page. Bold square character, with vowel-points. [Amram.] 289 Part of a collection of piyyutim. Recto has the last part of an alphabetic piyyut. The last four lines (from p to n) have been preserved. This is followed by a piyyut headed nbir, and beginning tyx 17w'T ODN by Samuel (see No. 290, 2). The exact number of stanzas cannot be ascertained. Each stanza consists of four rhyming lines, the first three of which are in alphabetic order, while the fourth is a verse of consolation from Isaiah. Each stanza is followed by a kind of refrain consisting of two rhyming lines, the second of which is also a biblical verse of consolation from Isaiah. In seven stanzas the entire alphabet, except n, which seems to have been omitted, is disposed of. Then follow two stanzas of five rhyming lines each, spelling out twice: Ssipw. The page ends with the & line of the second stanza. One paper leaf, slightly faded, measuring 634 X42 ins. (=16.4X11 cm.). Number of lines ranges from nineteen to twenty. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 290 Part of a collection of piyyutim. 1 (recto, 1.1). The latter part of a piyyut. Each stanza consists 154 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA of four rhyming lines, the first two of which are in alphabetic order. This piyyut has been preserved from » to the end. 2 (verso, 1.3). A piyyut headed ’nox(?), and beginning 0°)10x [ny]x iw. It is identical with the one of fragment No. 289. We reach as far as D. One paper leaf, damaged and faded measuring 54X33 ins. (=14 <9.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen. Square character; most of the words are vocalized. [Amram.] 291 Part of a collection of piyyutim for Md "MN. Recto has only two lines which read: $spn mo -am8 nwnD y|1w Ia yaa wmpd (that is, attributed to Perahiah ha-Kohen b. Tarfon). The leaf must have been considerably longer, as verso has the latter part of a piyyut by Perahiah; for,in spite of the bad condition of the fragment, the acrostic 7m75 can still be traced. This corro- borates the statement of recto. The’5 line begins 97 yirnra Dyn. This is followed by another piyyut by Joseph Ibn Abitor(?), headed FDS "nsx, and beginning JINN) PWRI WS WS 7. Hardly anything more can be deciphered. The first line evidently spelt out the author’s name, as the word 77D after a dot is still legible. This must have been the third line One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6 X53 ins. (=15.2 14.6 cm.). Only thirteen lines have been preserved on verso. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 292 Part of a collection of piyyutim based on the various Sidras of the Pentateuch. All the piyyutim seem to be constructed on more or less the same plan. As not one of them has been preserved in its entirety, the num- ber of stanzas cannot be ascertained. Each stanza consists of three rhyming lines, the first two of which are in the alphabetic or acrostic scheme, while the third is a quotation from the particular Sidra. The author’s name seems to be Solomon, which was skilfully interwoven at regular intervals. This name does not occur in full in a single piyyut preserved in this fragment, but a >w stanza is found after ™ in No. 6, and 79 in No. 5. It is likely that none of the piyyutim contained the complete alphabet. LITURGY LoD 1 (fol. 1). The last part of a piyyut based on smbyna. 2 (ibid.). A piyyut headed 45 nbw, and beginning (?) ywr> one. 3 (1b). A piyyut headed mp np», and beginning ywra pxd wie anv. Only the first three stanzas (from & to 1) have been preserved, as some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 4 (fol. 2a). The last part of a piyyut on mvp. 5 (ibid.). A piyyut headed ‘yon mds, and beginning PAX "INS Ss xd) oon. 6 (fol. 2b, 1.7). A piyyut headed oat The, and beginning 7an N7pI7 yo. The fragment ends with the 3-5 stanza. The author probably composed piyyutim on theentire Pentateuch. Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 533;3 3% ins. (=13.18.3 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness; sporadically vocalized. [Amram.] 293 The first leaf of a collection of piyyutim. Recto seems to be the title-page which has, in bold square charac- ten) Janos aU eo o mp’. It also has, probably by a latter hand, the first verses of Genesis, Joshua, and 1 Chronicles, as well as Isaiah 37.26; 44.3. Verso has a piyyut headed °D>3xb, and beginning °D18 mat mvyx opmbs. It consisted of at least twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order, each having four rhyming lines. The first word of every stanza is "D)8, and at the end there is one of the Eighteen Be- nedictions. This fragment reaches as far as 7. One paper leaf, the writing on which has almost entirely faded. Size 45% X42 ins. (=11.5X11.7 cm.). Verso has eleven lines. Square character. [Amram.] 294 A piyyut by Isaac Kanzi, headed ‘pm ‘nwa, and beginning with Ww WS PR M3 2 7H’. This piyyut consists of eleven stanzas, spelling out prim °nD pny’. Each stanza has six short lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another, while the other three rhyme with the refrain, which is the last line of the first stanza. One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 1183 ins. (=27.9X 22.2 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines in square character with a ten- dency to cursiveness, while verso, which is blank, has some words in a clear Arabic hand, which were obviously meant to be a test in penman- ship. [Amram.] 156 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 295 Part of a collection of piyyutim. 1 (recto). The last two stanzas of a piyyut whose refrain is yma uy. Each stanza consists of six short lines, the first four of which rhyme with one another, while the last two have the running rhyme 0"), The stanzas were probably constructed upon an acrostic scheme. These two stanzas are o7, which is perhaps the remnant of om ax. Is Abraham Ibn Ezra the author? The 7 stanza begins with D7y D2 awpT. 2 (verso). The first two stanzas of a piyyut headed bip, and beginning *2~1 Jay 1% pri arm. The next stanza begins with 722 71x NlaD 1D ma. It is therefore probable that the author’s name was Isaac. The first stanza has seven short lines, the first five of which rhyme with one another, while the last two have a running rhyme 79. The second stanza consists of five lines, the first four of which rhyme with one another. One paper leaf, slightly torn, measuring 53 x4,4 ins. (=14.3 10.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from ten to twelve to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 296 Part of a collection of piyyutim by various poets, notably by Israel b. Moses Najara. The piyyutim are numbered, and this frag- ment contains the last line of the third up to the end of the fifteenth of this collection. 1 (fol. 1, 1.1). Last line of a piyyut: dyna > by swRED. 2 (zbid., 1.3). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed '°D nwo ja Seow, and beginning no bai Joy Sy Jow adbyr. It consists of eight lines rhyming in n> and spelling out Twp ja bea (ox and ia are disposed of in two lines). 3 (tbid., 1.13). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed '’p mw ja bsnw, and beginning ynnwx nya) cand ov ay ponm. It con- sists of eight short stanzas, each having two lines which rhyme alter- nately. These stanzas spell out Twp ja byw’ in the sane manner as in the preceding. The first rhyme is ’3, and the second 7}. 4 (fol. 1b, 1.6). A short piyyut of eight rhyming lines, spelling out ovar, by Abtalion. It is headed wovas "Dp, and begins '7 79s MNax (see AI Vw, Leghorn, p. 44b, and other places marked by Davidson). LITURGY 15:7 5 (ibid., 1.13). A piyyut by Abraham, headed of aN '°D, and beginning “5x1 Wx NIN. The first four lines seem to have the name om ax, but the a line is corrupt. 6 (fol. 2a, 1.13). A short poem by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed yi, and beginning AAD 19D ADIN ATS WR M73 Tb’. See oop, No. 80. 7 (fol. 2b, 1.12). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed mw) 72 Synw p, and beginning ‘yD b> naw. It consists of nine short stanzas, each having two lines rhyming alternately in "2 and win. The stanzas spell out nw ja Seq (ja are disposed of in one stanza). See mnIp, No. 97. 8 (2bid., 1.14). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed '’D nwo jn Sen, and beginning 55mm 45m amvn. See ornnw, No. 89. 9 (fol. 3a, 1.11). A short poem by ywim, headed jiorp, and be- ginning byswa men noma mbw om. It consists of eight short lines rhyming alternately in 3 and OS. It is probably for the ceremony of circumcision. See mnob5 ow, No. 135, and other places marked by Davidson. 10 (fol. 3b, 1.2). A piyyut by Isaac, headed pnx’ ""D, and begin- ning OY7D awa Dy Wy. It consists of four stanzas, each having two lines rhyming alternately in DY and DI?, The stanzas spell out pny’. It is identical with Zunz, p. 557, where it is O'My instead of "py; but Davidson records both readings. 11 (2b¢d., 1.9). A piyyut headed }\[orp], and beginning .. adn» 3nb1 Moxa. It consists of four stanzas, each having six short lines; the first three lines have one rhyme; lines 4 and 5 have another, while all the sixth lines rhyme in JT (except stanza 2, which has ]3). It seems to be by Israel b. Moses Najara, as the stanzas spell out Synw’, bs being disposed of in one stanza. 12 (fol. 4a, 16). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed Synw Dp (beginning torn off). 13 (fol. 4b, 1.3). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara. headed ‘200 Ss os ynd awn ya Syne %p, and beginning aban aim nnd my’. Four paper leaves, forming two consecutive sheets of a fascicle. Size 64 X44 ins. (=15.5X20.4 cm.). The leaves are numbered (1"’p, np, vp, D”p), and are headed 7aND Ono. There are seventeen lines to a page. Curious Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 158 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA AAW Part of a collection of dirges, which do not seem to have been composed on the death of any particular person, but were to be chant- ed to well-known melodies at funerals. Thus the dirge on fol. 2b, beginning 72"S PIS bax, was chanted to the melody of 5x aD 7X (by Judah ha-Levi, Harkavy, I, p. 111). Fol. 1a has the last two stanzas of a dirge to be chanted at the death of a prominent man. Each stanza consists of four rhyming lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another, while the fourth line of all stanzas rhymes in prs. Then follows a dirge beginning INNA 7dD3 by, chanted to the melody of *an ov. Nearly three stanzas have been preserved. Each stanza consists of six lines, the first five of which rhyme with one another, while the sixth rhymes in iT}—, which is the rhyme of stanza 1. There is a refrain T4NDN bon ny mM 12w2 7M>°s%. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter has the last two stanzas of a dirge with a refrain beginning py b>. Each stanza has six lines, some of which are divided into rhyming hemistichs. The first five lines rhyme with one another, while the sixth rhymes in v2—. Fol. 2b has the first two stanzas of a dirge beginning pry bax m>’x, to be chanted to the melody of 5x tap ms (Judah ha-Levi). The refrain is wand ny *ponT. Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, and mea- suring 623 X5,, ins. (=17.3X12.9 cm.). Each page has eleven lines. Bold square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 298 Fragments of piyyutim which were probably based on the Eighteen Benedictions. The beginnings of two of them are still legible. 1 (1b). A hymn headed yn, and beginning Wy D’nwAa AME. 2 (2b). A hymn headed y>nn, and beginning 47 42 Sym opr. The structure of these hymns seems to be similar. Each hymn has twenty-two stanzas. In hymn 1 each stanza consists of three rhyming lines, the second of which is a biblical verse; while in hymn 2 each stanza has only two lines. Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, measuring 37X42 ins. (=9.8X10.4 cm.). There seem to have been sixteen lines to a page. Square character. [Amram.] LITURGY 159 299 Part of a collection of poems for a wedding ceremony (or perhaps for the Rejoicing of the Law, the bridegroom being the MN jnn). 1 (fol. la, 1.1). The second half of a poem, in Aramaic, in al- phabetic order. Every stanza is headed 'n’n. (Is it Man jnnN?). This page begins with the m line 77s) AMIN WN AVON. 2 (la, 1.13). A poem, in Aramaic, headed mw jy71n, and beginning sw) on Syd sort iny. There are seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and the poem ends with p. 3 (1b, 1.7). A poem headed wim, and beginning 4372” tt ynN mm Sy pw jaw. It isin alphabetic order, the word }nnm not being counted, and consists of seven stanzas and a refrain. Each stanza has four rhyming lines, and disposes of two letters of the alphabet. The poem ends with the letter 3. 4 (2a, 1.9). A poem, in Aramaic, headed }71n, and beginning Mo1703 °omnx. It contained at least twenty-two stanzas in alpha- betic order. Each stanza consists of four short rhyming lines. The 5 stanza is missing, and the copyist left some blank space for it. Fol. 2b ends with the first line of the ¥ stanza. Two parchment leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 44X45 ins, (=11.4X10.3 cm.).. Number of lines ranges from seventeen to nineteen to a page. Clear square character. [Amram.] 300 Part of a collection of wedding poems. 1 (fol. 1a, 1.1). The second half of a poem, which seems to have had twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order with a refrain mow. This page begins with the » stanza 72°n3 Sy ano. Each stanza has six short rhyming:lines, the last of which is a biblical verse. 2 (fol. 1b, 1.7). A poem headed ynn> ans, and beginning 75°»? M79_2) m4379D ATM. Its structure is identical with that of the pre- ceding, and it has the same refrain. In spite of the heading, it is like- ly that it is the continuation of 1. Only the first five stanzas have been preserved, from which it appears probable that the author is Jacun be-Rabbi Semah. Stanza 1 spells out 113°; stanza 2 AVA; stanzas 3 and 4 repeat Mdx; stanza 5 has °’3°3. Only the first three or four lines are to be counted in the acrostic scheme. 3 (2a, 1.1). The last seven stanzas of a poem, whose refrain 160 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA began 12%” or ’a%1 by .... Kohen. Every stanza consists of four lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another, while the fourth lines have a running rhyme o’n. There must have been some acrostic scheme. The preserved stanzas ‘spell out TNA 77D. The first pre- served line is P77? 7 JAD. 4 (2a, 1.13). A poem with a refrain aibbn. There must be at least twenty-two stanzas (the writing on fol. 2b is practically obliter- ated) in alphabetic order, each having two short lines. All the lines rhyme in 7. The first stanza is 7DI¥ 7M. man mb 1DID NOK. 5 (2b, 1.18). The first few lines of a poem headed “nx, and be- ginning AN) NIN. Two paper leaves, torn and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 7325.8 ins. (=19.7>13.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty to twenty-one. Square character with a ten- dency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 301 Part of a collection of piyyutim, probably for yoni nav. 1. The latter part of a hymn, the last stanza of which begins mana awa yx nad”. 2 (la, 1.10). A hymn headed ]518, and beginning o729N VOM) oman nia. It consists of two parts, the first of which reaches as far as ), while the second has from D to n. The first has three stanzas of three lines each and two refrains used alternately. In the first four stanzas the lines are in alphabetic order (the first word 19m) not being counted) and rhyme with one another, while the fifth and sixth stanzas are devoted to 9 and }, respectively. The second part has two stanzas of four rhyming lines each, and the rest of the alphabet (nR—D) is thus disposed of. 3 (1b, 1.18). A hymn headed noit, and beginning °D>n oy wb). It has many stanzas, the number of which, owing to the bad state of the manuscript, cannot be definitely determined. Each stanza has four rhyming lines, the first three of which are in alphabetic order, while the fourth is a biblical quotation. The last word is repeated, and two extra lines, one of which is biblical, are added. 4 (3a, 1.11). A hymn headed nbv, and beginning 1310 15D on. It has numerous stanzas of four rhyming lines each. These lines are in alphabetic order. S (4a, 1.15). A hymn in alphabetic order, headed vom0 ]1NNN), BITURGY 161 and beginning mn ws). Each stanza consists of two rhyming lines, followed alternately by the refrains > by jaMNN) and WM) WN). Four paper leaves, faded, forming a small fascicle. Size 63 X44 ins. (=16.8X11.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to nineteen to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cur- siveness. [Amram.|] 302 Part of a collection of liturgic hymns. Recto begins with the middle of a piyyut, in which every line be- gan with 4172 followed by a word in alphabetic order. This fragment begins with the > line, which reads 2p AWoN mp i129 yi12. There is a running rhyme 27, and the hymn ends on this page. Verso has another hymn headed maw and beginning boa xp noxw ansan xb ab. Every line begins with x> which is followed by a word whose root isin alphabetic order. All the lines seem to have the same rhyme. This page ends with the ’ line. Some words are vocalized. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 43 X348 ins. (=12.4 <9.9 cm.). Recto has fifteen lines, while verso has twelve. Square character. [Amram.| 303 A piyyut consisting of nine stanzas in alphabetic order. It is headed naw ‘nm wa, and begins “1p no7N DwsRoOD>S. Each stanza has four rhyming lines, the last of which is a biblical verse beginning with *"ws. We reach as far as the ¥ stanza. Verso also has some scribbling in Hebrew and Arabic. See min ‘nDw, Leghorn, 55a. One paper leaf, measuring 73 X53 ins. (=19.314.3 cm.). Recto has seventeen lines, while verso has only nine, the lower part being blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 304 Part of a collection of piyyutim on dew(?) for the Eighteen Benedictions. 1 (1a, 1.1). The greater part of a piyyut based on the Eighteen Benedictions and on biblical verses, mostly from Psalms. It seems to consist of eighteen stanzas (from & to ¥), each having two or three rhyming lines, the first of which is in alphabetic order, while the last is a biblical verse. Each stanza is followed by one of the Eighteen Benedictions. This fragment begins with the second line of the ? stanza followed by mbnnd mwn. 162 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 2 (la, 1.16). A piyyut headed ‘) oy jn. The first line is torn off, and the second begins od5 mea. It is identical in structure with 1. 3 (fol: 2a; 1.3).) TA piyyut headed O17, and beginning ies »pb 553. It seems to be based on Psalm 111, and its structure is the same as the preceding. (Not identical with Zunz, p. 223, No. 24.) 4 (2b, 1.5). A piyyut beginning 14051 iwyan Ap DIM nyt. It is also based on the Eighteen Benedictions, but the first three are not included. There are fifteen lines, most of which rhyme in )}, cor- responding to the remaining fifteen benedictions. This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 305, with which it is continuous. Two parchment leaves, damaged, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 4X33 ins. (=10.1X9°6 cm.). Number of lines ranges from sixteen to eighteen. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 365 Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Eighteen Benedictions. 1 (la, 1.1). A piyyut consisting of eighteen stanzas (from & to x), each having three rhyming lines, the first of which is in alphabetic order, while the third is a biblical verse. This fragment begins with the a stanza, which is illegible. This is followed by 133 wapm irate 2 (1b., 1.11). Fragment of a piyyut headed ‘a ov, which is prob- ably similar in structure to the preceding. The beginning is torn off, and this page ends with the first line of the t stanza bxynd F)/DD3 nb1 nN. Two leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a (insert No. 304). 3 (2a, 1.1). A hymn of eighteen lines in alphabetic order, cor- responding to the Eighteen Benedictions, and rhyming in 1). It begins Mom nyt Feayn wa wap 4zbma ...npyna ia wary qayod px. It is thus similar to Zunz, 66, with which it may be identical, though it offers important variants. 4 (2a, 1.11).- A piyyut consisting of fifteen stanzas, each having two short lines, the first of which is in alphabetic order (from 7 to x), corresponding to the last fifteen benedictions. It begins 109 7N7 nyo. 5 (2b, 1.7). A piyyut which seems to be similar in structure to 4. The first few words are torn off, and the } stanza begins nb°5m mivn xb. The fragment ends with the beginning of the 3 stanza. This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 304, with which it is continuous. RITURGY Co Two parchment leaves, badly damaged by fire, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 4313 ins. (=10.1X9.6 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 306 Part of a collection of piyyutim. The first line of verso is bra “toy ov. Altogether five and a half couplets have been preserved. The first line of each couplet begins with 45 -wb3, while the second begins with °m7 4X. One paper leaf, measuring 723X535 ins. (=18.7X13.3 cm.). Recto has ten lines, while verso has only three, the rest of the page being blank. Large square character. [Amram.] 307 The first leaf of a collection of piyyutim. Recto is blank, except for a few letters scribbled on it by a later hand. Verso has the beginning of a piyyut by al-Sanjari. It is headed bry oasni0d5 nyfjaw ia...5. aoyn, and begins oyprd muna oN. It probably consisted of eight stanzas, each having four rhyming lines in alphabetic order. Four letters are disposed of in each stanza. This fragment reaches as far as the 0 line. Next page began with 12a: One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded. Size 6443 ins. (=15.8X12 cm.). There seem to have been eleven lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness; vocalized in a way slightly different from the Tiberian system, = being written 7. [Amram.] 303 Part of a long piyyut. There were at least twenty-two long stan- zas in alphabetic order. This fragment begins with the end of the t stanza, and ends with the first part of the 5 stanza. First words of recto are 1739 71. One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 7454 ins. (=19X14 cm.). There are twenty lines to a page. Oriental cursive character. [U. P.] 164 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 309 Part of a collection of liturgic poems. 1 (fol. 1a). The end of a Selihah. This page begins with nyow> yaw oD wmard) wawd 25nd. Only a stanza and a half are preserved here. The last stanza contains eight rhyming lines, and ends with 1p 1a Dy a3 Opin: 2 (fol.1b). A hymn headed '5, and beginning m7 m>4y won DDN ynay> ax. It probably consisted of eleven stanzas, each having four awhyming lines. The alternate lines of each stanza are in alphabetic order. Only two stanzas are preserved here, and we reach as far as “1. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. 3 (fol. 2a, 1.1). The last line of a hymn which is Isaiah 1.19 (with the exception of ON). 4 (ibid., 1.3). A hymn headed '5, and beginning YOY DIN °WES % yow xb ox id nei od. It is one stanza having four rhyming lines. 5 (ibid., 1. 7). A hymn headed '5, and beginning amYD) Tr. It is one stanza having six rhyming lines. 6 (ibid., 1.10). A Selihah headed 275 ax '5, and beginning mnain yiowds wm xb ins. It contains two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and reach as far as 7. 7 (fol. 2b). A Selihah beginning M717w ny). It consists of nine rhyming lines. 8 (ibid.,). A prayer headed '5,and beginning ‘DD DUNN IyOw as. Only four lines of this prayer are preserved. Two parchment leaves, measuring 544 44 ins. (=14.411.4 cm.). Fol. 1a has writing only on the upper half, while fol. 1b is covered with writing on the lower half. Nothing seems to have been erased. Num- ber of lines on fol. 2 is thirteen on each page. Oriental square char- acter. [Adler.] 310 It seems to be part of a prayer, describing the various festivals. One paper leaf slightly damaged, measuring 103 <7, ins. (=27.3 <18:5-¢cm:); One side has twenty-three lines, while the other is blank. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] SII It seems to be part of a commentary on some piyyut. The writer explains the force of thirteen difficult and rare words which are em- CITURGY 165 ployed in this piyyut, instead of easier synonyms, for the sake of effect. He justifies this usage by quotations from the Bible, as, for instance, the employment of 48 (Job 36.27) instead of wo and aAmbw (Deuteronomy 28.57) for ANA MA. A narrow strip of parchment, badly damaged and with a hole in the centre. Size 78213 ins. (=19.3X7.1 cm.). There are twenty- eight lines toa page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Armam.] For other liturgic fragments see verso of No. 334. IV SE GUL ARS EO Elks. 312 A poem by Elhanan b. Shemariah, very likely the famous scholar of Kairuwan who lived towards the end of the tenth century and corresponded with the Geonim R. Sherira and his son R. Hai. Each line of the manuscript contains a complete verse. The poem thus contains sixty lines, all rhyming in o>. The first sixteen lines bear the acrostic of the author’s name i? nw °ayv3 ynby. The rest of the poem is arranged alphabetically, two verses for each letter of the alphabet, making up forty-four verses. The first line is DDD) TIN PHM MOSM SX OTN PWR. Some of the words are vocalized. Thus o aye, mp, apy. The orthography is mostly in accordance with the biblical Masorah, but is not consistent. The copyist has m$:nna and mpm; win and ny). Prof. Israel Davidson published this poem and annotated it in JQOR., New Series, IV, pp. 53-60. One leaf, measuring 113% 44 ins. (=29.4x11.4 cm.). Number of lines in recto is thirty-nine, while verso, whose lower half is blank, has twenty-one lines. Ordinary square character. [Adler.] 313 Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Diwan. Some lines of the poem ’;7] °s1pa AM) (Dukes’ edition, p. 1) are still legible in fol. 1b. Some leaves are apparently missing between tb and 2a. The latter begins with the end of a poem, the last line of which is soim jor Nw Rwy tad wea awn qep yt See Ha-Maggid, XVIII, p.278. The metre is Kamil. This is followed by a poem whose superscription is ay Sno sx md) and which begins bax (?) MOIN now MMs ON. Two paper leaves, the writing of which is almost entirely faded, forming the outer.sheet of a fascicle.. Size 714X575 ins. (=19X13.8 cm.). There seem to be about twenty lines to a page. Square charac- ter with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 166 SECULAR POETRY 167 314 Part of Judah ha-Levi’s Diwan, with Jewish-Arabic superscrip- tions. i(fol. la, 1.1). The greater part of the poem moy3 4» 77n7 (Har- kavy, vol. I, p. 28; Brody, vol. II, p. 160). This fragment begins with 1.7 Jax msanm. There are some variants, as DOW) OD 1D bo by ovsy (1.37; see Halper, Post-Biblical Hebrew Literature, vol. I, pp. 84, 236). 2(fol. 1, 1.13). A poem headed mranids mabe op adi, and beginn- ee paetav oes a a tlatkavy yal le Drodysnl bepaialy, The last line of fol. 1b is sid bno op xv md). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 3(fol. 2a, 1.1). The greater part of the poem beginning py ob (Harkavy, vol. II, p. 79; Brody, II, p. 218). This page begins with ee 4(zbid., 1.20). A poem headed Rx°NX SND), The second hemi- stich of the first line is wy) ayia °b>m yr om. It consists of three lines. S(fol. 2b, 1.1). A poem headed...m2MDN pya mba, and_ begin- ning Opt aay 195 71279 (Harkavy, vol. I, p. 16; Brody, II, 164). The fragment ends with I. 21. Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 8X52 ins. (=20.3X14.6 cm.). There are twenty- two lines to a page, each line being divided into hemistichs. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 315 Part of Judah ha-Levi’s(?) Diwan. 1(fol. 1, 1.1). The latter end of a poem in the Kamil metre with the rhyme Jno. The first line of this page is wiam 7px °>m) ANN NON) Tyra Fywm. 2(zbid., 1.13). A poem headed, in Arabic character, Las | one ia) and beginning nom 4n7 1bp "arp. It is in the Wafir metre. 3(fol. 1b, 1.6). A poem headed, in Arabic character, ¢1}3 eee and beginning wx) my? yom ona. A(ibid., 1.9). A riddle headed yp 7aNND OD dq mm, and be- ginning FYYDy) py 43 ADA 10) (Brody’s edition, vol. II, p. 209). 5(ibid., 1.12). A riddle headed pNnodx op 5), and beginning axpi mon pro S20 »5D (Brody, idbid., p. 195). 168 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS iN PHILADELPHIA 6(ibid., 1.15). A riddle headed spas » mb), and beginning MOIS Nyaa apie: mn (Harkavy,. vols Lissp., (ieeihody ele peers 7(fol. 2a, 1.1). A poem beginning ymnm myn yy qs oD p> mss myn bx. Twenty-eight lines of this poem have been preserved, and, although there is no superscription, this seems to be the begin- ning, otherwise the first hemistich would have had no rhyme. Two paper leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 72 X53 ins. (=19.7 14 cm.). Number of lines ranges from four- teen to sixteen to a page. Large cursive character; sporadic vocali- zation. The lower part of fol. 1b is in a smaller hand. [Amram.] 316 Dirges on the destruction of the temple and of Jewish communi- ties in Northern Africa (Maghreb) and Spain, probably part of Abraham Ibn Ezra’s Diwan, as some of the stanzas agree almost verbatim with Down 1 yn tap by a> nme (Egers’ edition, No. 169, and Rosin’s edition, vol. II, No. 19; see below). 1(fol. 1, 1.1). The latter part of a dirge, probably for the Ninth of Ab, with a refrain 1nbsx. The last two stanzas which have been preserved, begin with 7 and 9, respectively, and are perhaps part of onnax. The first line of the first of these two stanzas is mn .bx Syn was> ppxno .oyn, while the second begins "MAND pwn vam .Vnynn 1s. 2(fol. 1b, 1.2). A long dirge headed »5y ama may mbdx og aby ands bmx. It consisted of several stanzas of unequal length, and is partly identical with No. 169 of Egers’ edition of Ibn Ezra’s Diwan (=No. 19 of Rosin’s edition). There seem to have been two dirges, one on the North African communities and the other on the Spanish communities. . The introductory lines in this fragment are sion) vie) Soph aimiern) gaiahh IS Down yoyn po .by a7 oN As in the above-named editions the second line alone is found (with the variant of 77s for 1s), the assumption may be hazarded that these two lines are the titles of two separate dirges. It is likely that in the printed editions the first stanza is missing, as we need an & for the acrostic; the first few lines, which Rosin evidently considers as part of the acrostic, is merely introductory. The refrain after every stanza ispp ATI Py -ry. This fragment has preserved three stanzas: 1) beginning mdnna wa saws .nytt by. myn; 2) beginning .S34px 17 noxndio nbap by. myn; 3) beginning 38 wm. OND bap b>. DDN IN SECULAR POETRY 169 mama. Only stanza 2 is found in the printed editions. But even this stanza has important variants, the end being entirely different. It is also to be mentioned that the beginning of the first line of stanza 3 is incorporated in the middle of the 7 stanza of the printed editions. The structure of all these dirges follows a definite plan. Each line is divided into three parts, the first two of which rhyme with one another, while the third has a running rhyme. The first two parts have three syllables each, and the third has six. Two paper leaves, slightly torn, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 45%>%375 ins. (=11.5X7.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from sixteen to eighteen to a page. Small square character, with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 317 Part of a treatise by Ibn al-Abrat (or Akhrat; hardly Labrat}, in Jewish-Arabic, on biblical and mishnic grammar (?). On fol. 2b, Il. 9, 10, there is pNTaN?8 jad--pya axnsbx on. This is followed by a poem of twenty lines, in the Wafir metre, containing ten riddles. The first hemistich is ppirp *}DD 19D 41 7D 7K. Two parchment leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 8452 ins. (=21.6X14cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-seven to thirty to a page. Square char- acter. [Amram.] 318 A panegyric addressed to Yahvah b. Abraham. The _ super- scription reads: st WT i572? Ww ‘PD De laa! Woe aVeOnaoNeod il oty> n> onxam dsr The poem is headed 'm7'wa, and the first line is oT ONTA ww) O1DID ODN opin 55 c5y saNpnor. It consists of twenty-seven rhyming lines in the Wafir metre. The entire poem seems to have been preserved, as there isa blank space at the bottom. In a list of Fustat families, published by J. Mann, Jews in Egypt and in Palestine under the Fatimid Caliphs, 11, 319, mention is made of O°2°937 YN7 —m, son of Abraham. It is hard to decide whether he is indentical with the hero of this poem. Verso is covered with scribbling, some one having used it to test his pen and ink. The following words are in bold character: Ma7I1n 750,107) 271n, 17 1D). 170 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Who the author is cannot be ascertained from the fragment. Is it Eleazar b. Jacob? A long strip of paper, badly damaged and faded, 236% ins. (=58.5X18.4 cm.) Large square character with a tendency to cur- siveness. [Amram.] 319 One side has a poem in the Wafir metre, beginning "wv 771ws pavno pao a> yma Dap apin mind. This seems to be the begin- ning, as some letters of the superscription, which is torn off, are still visible. It is probably a general panegyric to be sent to any great man on the occasion of his marriage. This page has thirty-nine lines, and after praising God, the poet says: pndp Doapoas| olay. it ata ips) oman any by sab (1.13). He further says: Dams nbys) in max a9 75° my) mpd mam or boa muEpn mom mn aNn np? (il. 33, 34). Verso is in a different hand, and has three incoherent lines, in Hebrew and Arabic, which may have been used for caligraphy. Then follows a legal document in Jewish-Arabic (it may be a copy), in which it is declared that Sheerith (m yw; the nis not clear), the blind hazzan, b. Japheth, had been accustomed to lead in prayer at certain times, but was prevented from continuing his practice. It is possible that this document was written before the poem. A large strip of paper, badly torn and faded, measuring 18 X8 ins. (=45.7X20.3 cm.). Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 320 A wedding poem, in which the stanzas begin with the names of the Sidras in regular order. This leaf has twelve stanzas, covering the entire book of Genesis (min is missing through oversight). The lines in each stanza rhyme with one another. One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 675 X42 ins. (=16.3 x11 cm.). There are twenty-eight lines to a page. Late Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 32! Part of a poem describing a controversy between water and wine as to their respective merits. There are ten syllables to a line, but no metre of quantity. It may therefore be surmised that it belongs to the Italian school of Hebrew poets, after the Arabic influence had SECULAR POETRY Tit waned. It is likely that every stanza consisted of eight lines, the first seven of which rhymed with one another, while the eighth had a running rhyme 37. Each disputant was allowed a full stanza in his turn. This leaf has the greater part of a water stanza, a com- plete wine stanza, and the beginning of another water stanza. The wine stanza begins: sire! oer) (hig) a pany odpna izwm cnynw. One paper leaf, slightly damaged and faded, measuring 53345 ins. (=14X9 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twelve to thirteen to a page. Large character with a tendency to cursiveness; sporadic vocalization. [Amram.] 322 Fol. la is blank. The first five leaves are in an irregular square character, and contain biblical verses, as Deuteronomy 34.2a; Psalm 3.7-9; 4.1-5b. On fol. 1b there is myyavn intTmp Jow by and on fol. 3b 2D jos) jor TY> apr wina aby. From fol. 6a to 7b there is what seems to be a satirical poem against the writer’s enemy. Number of lines ranges from six toeight. Square character with vowel-points. Both the orthography and vocaliza- tion are faulty. The first few lines are: wad ox nn QUSIa=) Wwia ant mby WAS) VOS OY ADaw’ inywna (Nun=) wm Poy pe Fol. 8 is blank. A fascicle of eight paper leaves fastened together. Size 33X23 ices =—25-5. 0-0 Cil i [Amram.] 323 The latter part of a poem addressed to a wealthy person. Thirteen lines of this poem have been preserved, all rhyming in ma, and this seems to be the end of the poem, as the page concludes: (Dayave on 7s ''D YIw3 TIN) These words obviously do not fall in with the scheme of the other lines, and may be regarded as a fitting end. Each line is subdivided into four short ones, three of which rhyme with one another, while the ie GEN1ZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA fourth ends in nia. The metre is one short syllable followed by five long ones (— — — - - ~). The line before the last reads: mar’ xb yb) ehelteyabasy.y| 1S eet a) AAS AT Manuscript has nawy, which is a scribal error. A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 63744 ins. (=17.1 19.5 cm.). Recto has fifteen lines, while verso is blank. Square character, with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 324 It seems to be part of a poem describing a controversy between the Sabbath day and circumcision, each one claiming the highest rank for itself. About three stanzas have been preserved, one of which begins: ANVA YPwA °A NawA OY ADK. A piece of paper, being the lower half of a leaf; faded. Size 33x 3 ins. (=9.8x14 cm.). About ten lines to a page have been pre- served. Square character. The beginning of each paragraph is in red ink. [Amram.] 325 The latter part of a poem addressed by Jeshuah b.... b. Moses Ab Bet Din to the three brothers Nethanel, Simhah, and Isaac (de- ceased) the sons of Mesabbar (?). The last twelve lines of the poem have been preserved, though in hardly a legible form. They are in the Wafir metre, and rhyme in on. The first hemistich is marked off by :, and the second by :0. The last line is indbw yw rape 15> inp onw>w omNm x Tapp The names Simhah and Nethanel are mentioned in the preceding line. At the end of the poem there is this legend (part of which is scarcely legible): [}}MINOR 7D PT a aN nw 72 (?)w7 1aC)Aye Sep xo pyar qo NOTNONTN ONTNT 2") poy "D1 amow ‘1 [xan ‘5. One paper leaf, badly torn and faded, measuring 7375 ins. (=20X18.5 cm.). Recto has fourteen lines, while verso is blank. Bold square character with sporadic vocalization. [Amram.] 326 Part of an ethical treatise, in rhymed prose, containg pious re- flections about the soul, similar to Behinat ‘Olam and Eben Bohan. SECULAR POETRY TS Fol. la begins W739 TIT YAN YD MoI meyo 79 oowA ANA MDW. It belongs to the same treatise as No. 327. Two paper leaves slightly torn, forming the outer sheet of a fas- cicle. Size 73575 ins. (=19X13.8 cm). Number of lines ranges from twelve to fourteen to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 327 Part of an ethical treatise, in rhymed prose, containing pious reflections about the soul, similar to Behinat ‘Olam and Eben Bohan. Recto begins with mby ty »nn xd Row AND DwER) ArT NOMN oNN bx anvn. It belongs to the same treatise as No. 326. Ones paper leat... (a5 02) ins. (=18:5<%14735cm.). Phere are fourteen lines to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 328 The first part of a book entitled Megillat ha-Satan, in Hebrew and Jewish-Arabic. The style of the Hebrew is modelled after the Bible, and is in many respects similar to Josippon. The Arabic, however, is not classical. Each Hebrew verse is followed by the Arabic translation. Fol. 2a has the title beautifully illuminated juwT nbin ypo pwoar vaxny>a jw 7903 ta0w ym. The first four verses of the book have been preserved. It deals with the revolt of Ahmad Basha (1524) against the sultan Suleiman (Suleiman I of Turkey). The first verse runs as follows: we 57) word 1D qbnn 3 OT My) prya jn aso owe 2D Syo Inkwr yp joe pow pred coms TON) ANT 7D TN Y_I INO T7078 ORD IN .oaxD ow (>)Ne sso nvxa moyn may xvn tin sands $5 yy aAmMI7 ye) qwRa tomy. This Megillah seems to be identical with British Museum, Or. 7768. (See Margoliouth. Catalogue, p. 591). That copy has 7NoD) instead of 7aDN). The Megillah published by Margoliouth, in JOR. VIII, 277, deals with the same subject, but is entirely different. Two paper leaves, the first of which is blank, slightly damaged. Size 644X444 ins. (217X11.9 cm.). Fol. 2b has sixteen lines to a page. Square character. [Amram.] 329 Stray verses in Hebrew and Arabic (both in Arabic as well as in Hebrew characters). One set of lines is headed as wy» 4 (about 174 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA drinking wine). The Hebrew lines, as well as the Jewish-Arabic, are vocalized. There seems to be a dirge, in Jewish-Arabic, on the death of a man named David, and the first line is )J "Aq" Joya 19 mw op Syn (after thy death, O Rabbi David, Israel is in distress). There are also lines from a ptyyut. It may be surmised that this fragment contains mere exercises. Two narrow and long paper leaves, torn, measuring 1033 ins. (=27X9.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to twenty- six, to a page. [Amram.| 330 It seems to be part of a transcription, in Hebrew characters, of an Arabic book modelled after the Makamat of al-Hariri. This leaf contains seven lines of a poem with the rhyme |=, in the Wafir metre. There is also a Rawz (narrator) who expresses his admiration. The hero’s name seems to be ‘Antar (no doubt after the name of the famous poet of the pre-Muhammedan era). The narrator tells him that he had heard pleasant tidings from his brother ‘Omar. The orthography is sometimes vulgar. Thus *»y °nA APN ND [verso ulen ie One paper leaf, measuring 675 X37 ins. (=15.3X9.4 cm.).) Late Oriental cursive hand. There are twenty lines to a page. [Amram.] For other poens, see verso of Nos. 159, 339, and 341. V DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 331 Recto contains part of a marriage contract, dated Sunday night, 17th of Tishri, in the year 1183 (=871?). The last line reads very clearly: nbm JM AND) xp5x (the word nbm is slightly obliterated, but it is immaterial to the ascertaining of an approximate date). On the margin is written (Nordser-y (yaw yx abo5 om pinta Verso seems to have quotations from the Zohar. A piece of parchment, badly damaged and faded, measuring 53X33 ins. (=14X8.8 cm.). Seven fragmentary lines have been pre- served on recto in an old square character, while verso has seventeen short lines, evidently added at a much later period, in a square hand with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 332 Part of a letter in Hebrew, addressed by Sa‘adya Gaon to three of his pupils in Fustat, concerning the calendar of the year 233. Fol. la begins with the middle of the letter. The writer says that he has always yearned for his pupils, and complains that for six and a half years he has received no letter from them, though he had written to them a letter of condolence on the death of their grandfather. He then goes on to say that he hears from their mutual! friend Rab David b. Rab Abraham about certain letters from the heads of the academies concerning the months Marheshwan and Kislew of the year 233. Indeed, the writer continues, he had heard, while in Aleppo, that Ben Meir was declaring both months defective. However, the exil- arch and the heads of the academies and the Allufim all agreed that those months were complete. At the end of the letter are four lines, in Arabic script without diacritical points, giving the names of the writer and addressees, headed ’any INIYON (address in Arabic). LI.3 and 4 seem to me very clear: . SSM wl) Caw tr Cy cae Gye sociale Cy he OWT> +++ pee Lua alt 175 176 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA In the first two lines the names aol, oe. Cpa (?) are probable. The year 233 is obviously Seleucid (=921). This fragment was published by Schechter, Saadyana, VII, pp. 24-26. At the end he remarks: ‘Here (after *any jwny>x) follow a few Arabic lines, but experts who examined them assured me that they have no bearing on the preceding matter.’”’ ...pnm (leaf 1, verso, 1. 16) should be ppm (see Bornstein), and is the last line of that page. Some leaves seem to be missing between 1b and 2a. Two paper leaves, extremely well preserved, though partly stained. The leaves form the outer sheet of a fascicle, and are not continuous: the transition from fol. lb to°2a is'too abrupt. “Size 55 X33 ins. ( —14 3.8 cm.). Number of lines ranges from sixteen to seventeen to a page, except fol. 2b which has eight lines in Hebrew characters, with sporadic vowel-points in the Tiberian and Babylonian systems, and four in Arabic script without diacritical points. [Sulzberger.] 333 Recto is a marriage contract, dated Marheshwan, 1300 (and some odd years, as the rest of the line is torn off; =about 988). The bridegroom’s name is Mansur Kahana b. Moses, and it appears from the end and from verso that the bride’s name is Zein-da daughter of ‘Alom (?). The witnesses are ‘Alwan (2?) b. Nathan; Abraham b. Joseph; Joseph b. Solomon b. Hur. Verso, which is in Jewish-Arabic, contains the statement that the property mentioned in the marriage contract, namely, a fourth of the house, was transferred from Zein-da, who received thirty dinars, The witnesses are Semah ha-Levi b. Jacob;...b. Solomon. There are also a few illegible words in Arabic script. A piece of parchment, badly mutilated, measuring 143x113 ins. (=37.7X29.2 cm.). Recto has twenty-one lines, while verso has only six, besides a line in Arabic script, the rest of the page being blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. The writing on verso is larger than that in recto. [Sulzberger.] 334 Recto has a legal document, in Hebrew, dated Fustat, 1352 Se- leucid era (=1040). Siba‘(yxap) b. Manasseh renounces all claims to anything belonging to Benjamin b. Joseph and his wife Ganiyyah DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 7 (37), daughter of Amram, since he divorced their daughter Rida (xx7). This document is incomplete, as it was subsequently trimmed on all sides and folded into two, to form the outer sheet of a fascicle containing liturgic poems. One side is blank, while the other is headed mSxn) mwy2 % ows, and contains an alphabetic Selihah beginning ov, MmXD Wary) 10wWN, and consisting of seven stanzas, each having four lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another and are in al- phabetic order (gy not being counted), while all the fourth lines have one rhyme. The refrain is fwmrm]bo 11770) 472 92°93 pyx oY. This leaf contains also the beginning of another liturgic poem begin- ning 7 oy yr. It has the acrostic py, and was in alphabetic order. These two liturgic comositions have been published by Davidson in 730 paso mpixn, vol. II, pp. 6 and 7. A piece of parchment, mutilated, measuring 117? ins. (=27X9 cm.). Recto has twenty-three long lines in a large square hand, while when folded into two, verso becomes fol. la and 2b; the former has twenty-three short lines, in square character with a tendency to cur- siveness, and the latter is blank. [Sulzberger.] 335 A legal document, repeated almost verbatim on both side. As the writing on verso is smaller, the document on that side has been preserved in its entirety, except for some ends of lines which are torn off. The text on recto is incomplete, the last lines having been cut off. Verso gives, at the end, the date and place: Fustat, Sunday, 9th of Nisan, in the year 1352 Seleucid era (=1041). Witnesses testify that Nahum b. Perah came and informed them that his father died and left, among other things, a court (4¥m) adjacent to the court of Hunain b. Abraham and to that of Barakat b. Harit. The bound- aries of the court are fully described. It is the Street al-Mashat or al-Mashani, in the city of Sahragt. When the father died, he left behind him one son, the declarant, and two daughters named Mona (x29) and Sittunah (my1nD), both unmarried. Being obliged to con- tribute towards the maintenance of his sisters by giving them a tenth part of his inherited property, he deeds the court to his two sisters. The text on recto seems to be the original. Instead of mi7mx recto has nwa. | A piece of paper, partly torn and faded, measuring 128} ins. (30.5=20.9 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, and verso has 178 GENiZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA thirty. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness, the writ- ing on recto being somewhat larger. [Amram.] 336 A legal declaration, in Jewish-Arabic, dated Wednesday, 4th of Iyar, 1358 Seleucid era (=1047). Witnesses testify about the transference of the ownership of a dwelling in one of the streets named the Street of the Poor or “Tanners” (paxoDbsx papa yo>s TDs ds prprdy), in Fustat (this street is mentioned in another document referred to by Ernest James Worman, JQR., vol. XVIII, p. 27). The wit- nesses. are Sa‘adya b. Ephraim he-Haber; Joseph b. Jacob; Baka’ ha-Kohen b. Mukhtar; Jeshuah ha-Levi b. Solomon. This is followed by a declaration, in Aramaic, by the court. It is stated that the judges examined the witnesses and their signatures, and verified their assertions. This declaration is signed by Sahlan, the deputy of the academy (A2w 7 71D INOTD) b. Abraham, the elect of the academy GYPn ans) Ephraim he-Haber b. Shemf[ariah] (‘)’02 ann yr DPN Jrqjow 7272.) A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 9X8} ins. (=22.8X21.6 icm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulz- berger. | 337 A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic. A litigant named Moses refused to allow to have a certain decision ratified both in the Jewish and Gentile courts. The other litigant, who seems to be the man making the declaration, was obliged to get witnesses to testify be- fore both courts. His witnesses are:...b. Isaiah, ‘Atiyyah b. Moses, Hayyim b. Moses. Then Sidkah (mptx) and Moses came to court on Monday, the twenty-second day of Ab of the ‘above year” (that part is torn off). The judges seem to be Joseph ha-Kohen ha-Shofet, Ephraim b. Shemariah. It is hard to say whether these two actually signed the document, though the writing of the names differs somewhat from the rest. Recto has on the right-hand margin: aise h aie Gone =P shinee oelaly iV aOws 1) Rob, vie ODN. A piece of paper, torn and partly faded, measuring 63 X6}$ ins. (=17.4X16.4 cm.). Number of lines preserved ranges from eighteen to twenty to a page, apart from some lines on the margin. Square DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 179 character with a tendency to cursiveness written with a thick reed. {Amram.] 338 A bill of divorce, dated Fustat, Monday, 10th jof Wdarweo0o Seleucid era (=1053). It is stated that Joseph b. David divorces his wife Khaba’ (sap) the daughter of Joseph. A piece of paper, slightly damaged, measuring 6; X43 ins. (=16.6 11.4 ins.). Recto has sixteen lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Law School, U. P.] 339 Recto is a marriage contract (Ketubah). The lines are written along the length of the sheet. Only seven lines of this document are preserved; the rest has been cut off to suit the writing of verso. The bridegroom is named R. Japheth ben Nissim, and the bride’s name is Sitt al-Dar, daughter of R. Isaac. [The meaning of the name of saxqbs no is lady, or mistress of the house, nd is the vulgar pronuncia- tion of s4.5 in Egypt (see also Lane and Dozy). In Neubauer and Cowley’s Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscript in the Bodleian Library, vol. II, 1906, there are marriage contracts where the names saNDox no (P 2807 20) and apDbx no (P 2821 16d) occur. These names are not transliterated by the authors of that catalogue. np maNDoN=mistress of lords, and 3D29x nD=mistress of the village]. The marriage took place in Fustat (old Cairo) on the 21st of Adar intheryear 1374 (=1063 A:D)). Verso, which contains 26 lines, has a poem in the Wafir metre rhyming in ox. The lines of the fragment are continuous, and are not identical with the verses, that is to say, if a verse ends in the middle of a line another verse is started on the same line. This poem seems to have been written on the death of a Gaon Daniel. Published by B. Halper in JQR., New Series, vol. X, 411. One parchment leaf. It now measures 15 <6 ins.(=38 X15.5 cm.). But there is no doubt that originally it was much wider. [Adler] 346 A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, dated Fustat, Thursday, 21st of Elul, 1404(=1092). The heading is the usual Aramaic formula. Evidence is deposed in connection with Sa‘adya b. Eleazar and Shelah 180 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA his brother with reference to a dwelling-place. The document proper ends on recto, and is signed by Abraham b. Shemaiah (who seems to be the scribe, as his signature is in the same writing as the body of the document), and ‘Ali ha-Kohen b. Yayha. Verso is by a different hand, and begins 97) adbw moni aiydbs ja mayo axn q>a ayn. It is signed by Perahiah b. Joseph, Isaac (?) ha-Kohen, and ‘Ali ha-Kohen b. Yahya (the same as on recto). A piece of paper, damaged and faded, measuring 94X52 ins. (=18.413.7 cm.). Recto has thirty-four lines, while verso has only eleven, the rest of the page being blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 341 Recto has the latter part of a marriage contract, in large square character. Eight lines of the text have been preserved. Arabic expressions occur in the midst of the Aramaic text, as MN) MP7. The bridegroom is Joseph b. Solomon and the bride Karimah the daughter of Nasir, known as Eleazar. The witnesses are... b. Ya‘ish, Halfon b. Meborak, Judah b. Moses ha-Hazzan, and Joseph b.... It seems to belong to the eleventh century. This parchment was subsequently folded in two, and the blank pages (fol. fa and 2b) were utilized for the writing down of poems. Unfortunately the writing, which is in a small square hand with a tendency to cursiveness, is not very clear. Fol. la has part of a pane- gyric addressed to a person of high rank. The rhyme is O72, and the metre Wafir. The style is similar to that of Eleazar b. Jacob. Among the few legible lines, which are wiritten continuously, the following may be quoted: oan >> wx awn 47> (?)nDa wenand ow 7M p’aw> oY onDa miaqps mona s?on Dem pxn ood wx xiqv omaND o>55 oy oprD> wean oom Fol. 2b has, in the same hand as fol. 1a, a number of lines of a panegyric addressed to a Gaon. The rhyme is 7a, and the metre Wafir. Some of the lines are: ial ota lleva s Ehlatt sist Maw? (OSD Voor N Ia OS nbn ’ . - . . . . ’ mDpy ADV 72D 1? 7 MD)... 72 naw DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 181 A piece of parchment, mutilated and faded, measuring 125 ins. (=30.5X12.7 cm.). [Amram.] 342 Part of a document, in Jewish-Arabic, drawn up in the court of Masliah ha-Kohen (Fustat, 1127-1138). The parties seem to be Shabbetai ha-Hazzan b. R. Joseph and his wife ..fah (2?) the daughter of Amram. Reference is made to ty> °m pit IN, and there is no doubt that Masliah is meant by it. A piece of another leaf is still to be noticed, and it is likely that this document formed part of codex in which the enactments of Mas- liah Gaon were recorded. One paper leaf, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 73X53 = ins. (=19X12.9 cm.). About twenty-five lines have been preservec to a page. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 343 Part of a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, describing a_ session in the court of R. Masliah. It seems to relate to the distribution of money left by a certain person for his widow and orphans. The money had been handed over by a prominent man (he is referred to in the document as 1717 O17" O°[D) ja Sei] si7?D) toR. Masliah (“mya moxp "95 wm oy xiao). This R. Masliah seems to be the Gaon of Egypt (1127-1138.) A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 1037 ins. (=26X18.1 cm.). Recto has preserved twenty-seven lines, while verso has only three, the rest of the page being blank. Orien- tal cursive character. [Amram.] 344 A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, dated Alexandria, 9th of Iyar, 1457 (=1145). Witnesses testify before the court in the juris- diction of Samuel ha-Nagid that the silk which was deposited by Abu... b. Halfon Ibn al-Damyati was sold and disposed of in the proper manner. The witnesses are Yahya b. Elijah; Elezaar b. Abraham. The guar- dian was Abu Nasr. Mention is also made of Abu ‘Am b. Sa‘adya ha-Levi and Abu’l-‘Ala b. Ezekiel ha-Levi Ibn al-Damyati. This Samuel ha-Nagid is undoubtedly Samuel b. Hananiah to whom Judah ha-Levi addressed several panegyrics. 182 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA A piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 10X63 ins. (=25.4X 16.4 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, while verso is blank. Ori- ental cursive character. [Sulzberger.] 345 Recto is a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, describing the ses- sion of the Jewish court of justice relating to the partnership of Abu Nasr b. Khalf and Abu’l-Hasan b. Abu’l-Wahsh. A certain sum of money was to be added. The merchant Sheikh Abu Sahl al-Levi b. R. Joseph ha-Levi b. Ayyub came and supplied the necessary sum. In the month of Adar in the year 1471 (=1160) Jewish witnesses, namely, Sheikh Abu ’l-Manja (or Munajja) al-Kohen b. Sheikh Abu 1-Wafa’ al-Kohen. and Sheikh Abu ‘'l-Hasan b. Abu’l-Wahsh. (?), testified. Signed by Hillel be-Rabbi Zadok head of the court (as ya ma). Another signature is torn off. Verso contains a list of articles, in Jewish-Arabic, which Sitt 2l-Ruat gave as dowry to Meborak b. Abu ‘Ali (45s sencaads adn) Sy yay ja man v>e-nyds nod). One paper leaf, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 675 X54 ins. (=15.3X13 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso has sixteen. Oriental cursive character, the two sides having been written by different hands. [Amram.] 346 A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, with Aramaic phrases, dated Fustat, Tammuz, in the year 1475 (=1163), in the jurisdiction of Daniel the great prince, the exilarch of all Israel (Oxo irabdn iyews orp) aaa aw Som abdiy> sow om? Sene 55 nda wen Sram wwn). The three judges were Jacob ha-Kohen b. Joseph, Menahem b. Berakot, Manasseh b. Joseph. The witnesses were Abraham _ ha- Kohen b. Aaron and Meborak b. Nathan he-Haber. The witnesses testify that Abu’l-‘Ala b. Abu Sahl al-Jubaili (as Sandy Sap ia ja xbybsx) came to them and stated that the pledge entrusted to the merchant Abu’l-Ma‘ali, known as Ibn Asad R. Samuel b. R. Judah, had been taken from him. Now this Abu’l-‘ Ala has no claim any more on Ibn Asad. It seems that this piece of parchment is not the original document. Considering the date, the parchment looks comparatively new, and the writing is too clear. The word ws is repeated twice without DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 183 one of them being crossed out. There is also ground to suspect that line 3 (@apIA MINN OYANA Vai ‘aM ‘DNA 227 Ww Seiw ‘3 KIND p"1D m7 ‘1 ‘9 12 ¥"w) is from another document, as it is not customary in legal documents to give so many titles. This part is probably extracted from a letter. Moreover the signature of the three judges are in bold square character, obviously written by one and the same hand. This Daniel is evidently identical with the one mentioned in a document of the Taylor-Schechter Collection at Cambridge, dated 1165. See JOR., vol. XVIII, p. 15. Was this Daniel a few years later exilarch at Bagdad? Benjamin of Tudela mentions a Daniel 4S) wx (see Adler’s edition, JOR., vol. XVII, pp. 515, 516). A piece of parchment, slightly damaged, measuring 11$10% ins. (=28.xX26 cm.). Recto has twenty-six lines, while verso is blank, except for a few illegible verses in Arabic script. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 347 A document, in Jewish-Arabic, belonging to the community of Fustat, dated Iyar, 1543 Seleucid era (=1232). A law is adopted in the court of Abraham (undoubtedly, the son of Maimonides) prohibiting the members of the congregation to pledge any of the objects belonging to the synagogue. It seems that this law was in- stituted because it had been customary to pawn synagogue property, and it was necessary to issue a formal prohibition. Those responsible for the announcement declare that they were prompted to adopt this course out of fear lest the members of the congregation should refuse to donate anything to the synagogue, being averse to have the holy things converted to private use (}PNN “NY TIN NYRN Faxnoods pond 9d) owtpon main Dod 454 yo ow INDIN DY TS 53573 jo a’pn). The witnesses are Nethanel b. Sa‘adya and Elijah b. Zechariah. A piece of paper, slightly damaged, measuring 73% X 67 ins. (=19.2 «17.4 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Law School, U.P.) 348 Recto, on which eight fragmentary lines in large square char- acter have been preserved, has part of a marriage document issued 184 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA at Fustat. The date and names of parties are torn off. On the upper margin there is the remnant of a line which must have been added by alater hand. As verso was blank, the leaf was subsequently folded, and some one wrote a poem on one side. Only the ends of the lines have been preserved, and the rhyme is 92. Verso also has this line: in'a'd 'a'y'n ‘np (?)ran 95x. The first part gives 1345, while the second, 980 (?). A piece of parchment, badly mutilated, measuring 5X7 ins. C= IOS les cin eee leans 349 A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, with Hebrew titles, dated 1695 (?=1383), near Fustat. Witnesses testify before R. Amram (the name is accompanied by many extravagant titles) that ... b. Musa and his sister Shams have renounced all claims to their property. The witnesses are... b. Abraham ha-Kohen; Moses b. Jacob ha-Levi. A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 133 5% ins. (=34.3X14.3 cm.). Recto has forty-five lines, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Sulzberger.] 350 Parts of legal testimonies, in Jewish-Arabic. Recto has five frag- mentary lines in square character with a tendency to cursiveness: “Abu’l-Fadl began... and said”’ (...oxpp...oxpbx JAN TINNDND). Mention is also made of Abu’l-Baraka[t] (?). Verso is in an Oriental cursive hand, which seems to have been added later, and has seven lines. It is stated that R. Abraham testifies that Abu’l-Fadl owes Ya‘kub b. Abu’l-Surur ninety-six drachmas. A piece of paper, torn on all sides, measuring 233} ins. (=7.3 <$8:2°"cm)). fAmram,| 351 A legal declaration, in Jewish-Arabic. Witnesses testify that Khasib (3°¥5) the son of Sheikh Abu Nasr, known as Ibn..., claims the saddle which he pledged, as he paid the money which he had owed. The order of the court is that the saddle be returned to him. The document is signed by Mubassar (wan) ha-Kohen b. Abraham, Abra- ham b. Moses ha-Melammed, Abraham b. Nathan. A piece of paper, torn on all sides and faded, measuring 87g <7 ins. (=20.4X17.8 cm.). Seventeen fragmentary lines have been pre- DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 185 served on recto, while verso is blank. Large square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 352 Part of a business document, in Jewish-Arabic, dated Cairo (ax), Monday, of the year...66 of the Seleucid era. The beginning of the line is torn off, and the remaining portion is faded; but pny mw) is perfectly clear, though after mw there is a word which looks like TN, and }1w is written over the line. The following names are preserved: Sheikh Abu’l-Rabi ‘...ha-Kohen, Abu’l-Fakhar or Abu’l- Fikr ("255 yas), Abu’l-Faraj. A triangular piece of paper, the greater part of which is torn off. Size 53 X34 ins.(=14.3 8.2 cm.). Recto has preserved sixteen frag- mentary lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a ten- dency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 353 It seems to be a legal declaration, in Hebrew, of a man who sold a fourth part of his court, which he had inherited, for a certain sum of money. The writer probably lived in Fustat, as mention is made of the “entrance of the Synagogue of the Syrians” (nD"1D7 ma 303 heey) bw). The only remaining word of the first line is o¢pinn. The year 'n'wy (=996, as it obviously refers to the era of documents) is men- tioned, and this document was probably written about that time. The end is missing. | A piece of parchment, mutilated and faded, measuring 6X7 ins: (=15.2X17.8 cm.). Recto has preserved fourteen fragmentary lines, while verso is blank. Bold square characters. [Amram.] 354 Recto, which has preserved eighteen fragmentary lines, is in square character. It contains a record of testimony, in Hebrew (ny 31757). It is stated that there came from Sobah....and Hillel, the sons of Nahman the physician (spelt 7D177!).. Mention is made of a man named Ephraim. The writing does not seem to be the work of an experienced scribe. On the right-hand margin there has been added by a later hand myqy 7751. Verso is covered with scribbling in Arabic script. A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 73X55 ins. (=18.1 <13:2cm.). [Amram.,] 186 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 355 A reply in Jewish-Arabic, to some kind of inquiry, undated and unsigned. The writer says: ‘‘The servant of my lord informs my lord that he has formed a correct view of the matter: nothing shall be done heedlessly in the presence of witnesses.”’ A piece of parcmhment, curiously shaped, measuring 73 34% ins. (=18.7 8.3 cm.). Recto has fourteen short lines, while verso has a few illegible words, probably added by a later hand. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 356 Recto, which is in a Spanish cursive hand, is part of a contract, in Jewish-Arabic. The judge seems to be Moses ha-Kohen b. Aaron ha-Kohen, and one of the witnesses is Sheikh Sulaiman b. Jeshuah. It has been testified that Abu’l-Faraj b. Al-Abras (?) undertook to hand over the document to Joseph b. Abu’l-Faraj. The scribe is Jehiel b. Judah. Verso is in square character with a tendency to cursiveness, and has two fragmentary piyyutim. A piece of paper, badly torn and faded on all dides. Size 73X74 ins. (=19.7X18.4 cm.) There are about twenty lines to a side. [Amram.] 357 Part of a legal document, in Arabic character without diacritical points, containing the deposition of a certain woman. Mention is made of Ibrahim b. Ya‘kub. It is dated 4th of Shawwal in the year...63 (the hundreds are torn off). The names of the witnesses are missing. The sentence beginning lgile sam— (=\lgle ag) is incomplete. One paper leaf, part of which is torn off, measuring 103X7 ins. (=26.3X17.8 cm.). Recto has eleven lines, while verso is blank. [Sulzberger. ] 358 It seems to be a letter or document, in Jewish-Arabic, concern- ing some money in the possession of Elijah belonging to Abu’l-Makarim who is in great need of it. ("9 Sands -pwds vS1055 odyp oapn js Ap Bm ont... oy pa ap mea owonds va pwd cayo ow 'x'v de mw. The end and the names of the writer and addressee are missing. A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 43 X57 ins. (=10.4 DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 187 14.9 cm.). There are eight lines on recto apart from one on the margin, while verso has only one in the centre. [Amram.] 359 A legal document, in Arabic script, scarcely legible, without dia- critical points. It has a seal on both sides. The writing is small and the lines are very close to one another. Recto is divided into two columns. One paper leaf, faded, measuring 103 7,3 ins. (=27.9X18.7cm.). [Amram.] 360 Part of a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, written in connection with three men named: Moses ha-Kohen, Abu Mansur, and Abu Sa‘d. It probably deals with the sale of a store (jxD7). One of | the lines reads ...:.9Npx Tya nbnbx typ ax Nix), while another has yass axy axin cas xox nodn. A piece of parchment, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 628 ins. (=17.1X20.3 cm.). Nineteen fragmentary lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency. to cursiveness. [Amram.] 361 It seems to be a document recording the testimony of witnesses In connection with the slaughtering of an animal performed by a man named Jehiel the Dayyan. The first few lines read: 19s tinwbs ym (?)>ypa ons ooynids or 5 ply inom pyar co Pad IMINST eCPM The exact date and the name of the judge are torn off. A narrow strip of paper, the left side being entirely torn off. Size 63X35 ins. (=17.1X8.8 cm.). Recto has sixteen fragmentary lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 362 An affidavit, in Hebrew, made by the widow Malkah, daughter of M..., wife of the late Jair Abudari‘. She declares that she has received the sum of money due to her in accordance with her marriage 188 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA contract. The oath was taken in the presence of the judges, the guar- dian or trustee (D}D7VD5N) Judah Tamim, and the brothers Abraham and Solomon. Dated Monday, 4th of Ab, in the year 5386 A.M. (=1626), at Cairo (o’7%0). Witnesses are Moses b. Sariwan(?) and... The other end of the sheet bears the inscription 772>x7 nyiay 'y'y) YAISTAN TN ...mom tant mobs .nobn 'p. A sheet of paper, folded in two, badly mutilated and faded. Size 12X16 ins. (=30.5 X40.5 cm.). Recto has thirteen long lines of text, while verso is blank. Rabbinic cursive character. [Amram.]} 363 Part of a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, describing a session in the Jewish court at Fustat. It is stated that Eleazar, known as Abu Nasr the Hazzan, appeared before the court and complained of an attack made on him, on his wife, and on his child, and asserted that there had been witnesses present when the attack occurred. Then the witnesses R. Ezekiel ha-Kohen he-Habor and R. Obadiah b. Solomon came and corroborated Eleazar’s statement, and averred that the attack took place on Sunday night. A piece of paper, torn and faded; lower part missing. Size 63 X92 ins. (=16.4X18.1 cm.). Eighteen lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. [Amram.] 364 It seems to be part of a marriage contract (it contains some phrases not found in the ordinary Ketubah). The bridegroom is probably Abraham b. Sidkah, and the bride ... the daughter of Menahem b. Levi. A piece of parchment, torn and faded, measuring 434? ins. (=11.412 cm.). Eight fragmentary lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. . Square character with a slight turn to cursiveness. [Amram.] 365 Part of a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic. A woman named Sitt al-Dar undertakes to maintain her mother during her life, and to give certain sums of money to her brothers Sidkah and Hibah, known as Abu Sa‘id. Her husband, Sidkah ha-Levi, confirms this declaration. The witnesses are: Joseph ha-Mumheh b. Eleazar; DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 189 Eleazar ha-Kohen ha-Hazzan b. ‘Ali he-Haber; Jachin b. Abraham; Joseph ha-Kohen b. Nissim. The parties seem to have lived in Egypt, as the document speaks of moxn...7T2NI7. For the name Sitt al-Dar see No. 339. A paper leaf, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 103548 ins. (=25.67X15 cm.). Twenty-nine lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 366 Part of a marriage contract; date, place, and most of the names are missing, with the exception of the bridegroom’s first name, which is Ghalib (abs. which probably is CJlé). A narrow strip of parchment, trimmed on all sides. Size 12 Kos ins. (=33.5=8.2 cm.). Five fragmentary lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. Large square character. [Amram.] 367 Part of a legal or buisness document, in Aramaic. It seems to be dated Cairo (o’1¥0), Sunday, 3rd of Elul, 5090 A.M. (=1330). The place is perfectly clear, but the date is indistinct, only some letters of the words odyy nv7ra> aywm oDds ‘mn being visible. Signed: Abra- ham b. Joseph(?) b. Hasan of Toledo. A piece of paper, badly mulilated and almost entirely faded, measuring 63X5 ins. (=16.4X12.7 cm.). Eleven lines have been pre- served on recto, while verso is blank. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 368 A legal document, in Hebrew, dated Cairo (o-7¥9), Sunday, 4th of Tammuz, 5275 (=1515). It deals with the conditions of the partnership of Joseph Sibiliyyah (7S»aw), Solomon Agilar (or Aguilar = sx5~), David al-Fandari, Abraham Talmid. Witnesses are: Meir Saranim(?), Nissim. A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, the right-hand upper corner being entirely cut off. Size 8iX6 ins. (=20.9X15.2 cm.). There seem to have been eighteen lines on recto, while verso is blank. Late Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 369 A legal document in Hebrew. Witnesses testify that R. Solomon b. R. Jeshuah sold his store, containing wood and other articles, to... 190 GENiZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADEI.PHIA (name of buyer is torn off). Dated Cairo (o’"x¥0), Thursday, 206th of Iyar, 5306 A.M. (=1546). Witnesses are Joseph b. Maimun(?) and Nissim... Verso has some accounts. A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6 X43 ins. (=15.2x11.7 cm.). There are seventeen lines on recto, while verso is blank, except for some words added by a later hand. Oriental cursive character, written with a thick reed. [Amram.] 370 A legal document, in Hebrew, dated Cairo (ax), Thursday, 30th of Tishri, 5370 A.M. (=1609). Witnesses testify that Jacob Eliakim b.....came and complained that Eleazar Porek (9’5), known as Shukair, would force him to sell or to rent some of his property. As Eleazar is a powerful and influential man, Jacob is afraid to refuse him; but takes the necessary precaution to nullify the transaction in advance by telling the witnesses of his plight. The witnesses assert that they are convinced of the truth of Jacob’s declaration. The witnesses are Jacob Garyani (this signature is in the same hand as the document, and it is likely that he is the scribe) and Isaac b. Benja- min b. Shoshen (yw). One paper sheet, folded in two, torn right in the middle into two halves. That these two pieces of paper are one is quite obvious. When pieced together this sheet measures 816 ins. (=20.6X15.2 cm.). Fol. la has eighteen lines, while the rest is blank. Late Oriental cursive character. [Amram]. 371 A legal document, in Hebrew with Arabic phrases, dated Cairo (a°x9), Wednesday, 15th of Tebet, 5385 A.M. (=1625). It is stated that R. Judah (3°) Kohen b. R. Maimon agrees to become the mana- ger of the property belonging to R. Khalifah b. Samuel. Judah is to get two thousand pieces of silver for the specified time. If he breaks the agreement, without assigning a proper reason, he can only claim payment for the time of his service. If, however, Khalifah dismisses him, he is to pay the full amount. R. Moses al-Ashkar is guarantor for Judah’s honesty and faithfulness. The witnesses are Solomon ‘Arkis (p’a7y?) and Isaiah (?) Mas‘ud Amram. A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 82X67 ins. (=21.2 DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 191 15.3 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines of text, while verso is blank. Late Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 372 Part of a marriage document. The bridegroom’s name is Mazzol Tob ha-Levi, and the bride is Esther. The eight lines below contain a detailed account of the conditions of the betrothal, and the date is given as Monday, 14th of Sivan, 5401 A.M. (=1641). The name of the place is obliterated. A large piece of parchment, folded in two, the upper part of which is torn off. Size 124X183 ins (=31.1X46.9 cm.). Recto has preserved eight long lines of the text in beautiful square character, as well as eight lines in a small cursive hand. [Amram.] 373 Part of a marriage document, the date of which is torn off. The bridegroom’s name is Salim b. Sa‘id al-Akhlufi, and the bride is called Sa‘idah the daughter of Sa‘id al-Hatrushi. The parties seem to have lived in San‘a(Yemen). The document differs greatly from the usual Ketubah and contains a number of Arabic phrases as MND7028 A¥DIN. One of the two witnesses is amw?8 °D1D 71 '] NT (the other is illegible). A piece of paper, torn and moth-eaten, measuring 747% ins. (2018.2 cm.). Recto has 28 lines, while verso is blank. Square character, with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 374 A marriage contract, dated Friday, 19th of Adar, 2203 Seleucid era (=1892), in Kaziayyah (?), probably in Yemen. The first nine lines are in large square character, and contain the introduction, which differs from the usual formula of the Ketubah. The remainder is in a Yemenite cursive hand, and has a number of Arabic phrases, as my ombs join motods nxpbs. The bridegroom is Hayyim ibn Sulaiman, and the bride is Shimah the daughter of Daud. The wit- nesses are Sa‘id b. Sulaiman Najjar and Yahya b. Sa‘id. A large piece of paper, slightly torn and pasted together. Size 11494 ins (=28.2 23.5 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, while verso is blank. [{Amram.] 197 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 375 Part of a book containing formulas for drawing up various docu- ments with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Fol. 2a, 1.4, has the form of a bill of divorce (uy5x DD) N77). Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle and measur- ing 535 X23 ins. (=12.9X8j8 cm.) Number, of “lines ranges from eight to ten to a page. Large square character, written with a thick reed, with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 376 Forms for writing wills and similar documents. This fragment has three different forms: 1) headed ynp aD»...; 2) AMS Wy; 3) TDW mM. Two narrow and long paper leaves, mutilated and torn. Size 83 X3 ins. (=21.9X7.6cm.). There seem to have been more than thirty lines to a page. Cursive character. The lines on fol. 2a are written lengthwise, while 2b is blank. [Amram.] 377 It seems to be part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to some mportant person in the community. The writer protests his innocence, and quotes the words of ‘‘the saint, peace be upon him!’’: ao-xm » [apy] nDwy wp) (Psalm 120.2). He also mentions swim NIN ASN HYSSEcebaVel socminninh? “ph Sieh cafe) ee she) A piece of paper, the greater part of which is torn off, measuring 67 X6 ins. (=15.8X15.2 cm.). Twelve fragmentary lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 378 A letter, in florid Hebrew style, written by Elijah al-Kustantini b. Solomon to Ephraim he-Haber b. Shemariah. The writer tells of his dire plight, and asks for assistance. Verso has the names of the writer and addressee. A paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 9237 ins. (=24.8. 17.8 cm.). Recto has forty-two lines, while verso has only two. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 193 379 A begging letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to Samuel ha-Nagid. Money is asked for a woman and her children. There are no data to determine who that Samuel ha-Nagid is. A piece of paper, mutilated and faded, measuring 83X06? ins. (=22.5X17.4 cm.). Recto has seventeen lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulzberger.] 380 Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Samuel b. Judah. On the upper margin is written 7777 72 Osnpy (?)IAy, and presumably this is the writer’s name. Reference is made to the account of Sheikh Abu ‘Ali Husain. A piece of paper, slightly damaged and faded, measuring 93x64 ins. (=24.816.4 cm.). Recto has sixteen lines, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 38 Part of a begging letter, in Hebrew, written by Obadiah, who signs his name amy Vy“ may. The writer asks for monetary assistance, and states that he has addressed a similar letter to R. Samuel ha-Dayyan. Mention is also made of Sheikh Abu’l-Faraj Solomon. A piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 9? 4} ins. (=24.8 <11.4cm.). Recto has sixteen lines, besides short lines on the margin, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. {Sulzberger. ] 382 A letter, in Hebrew and Jewish-Arabic, addressed to Abraham b. Nathan (seventh in the company). The first half of recto which is in Hebrew is taken up with the eulogies of this Abraham, and in the second part, which is in Arabic, the writer says that God knows how lonely he is without this Abraham. Still he could not accept his invitation to visit him in Syria. He decided to remain in Aleppo for two more months with his friends. Verso has the name of the addressee, as well as the names P70Y ]23 ND) OF7aN AIA. Are these the writers of the letter? This is followed by Cees 4\5| a \) See Mann, Jews in Egypt, II, 374. a ae ae 194 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHiLADELPHIA A large piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 13§X5% ins. (=34.613.7 cm.). Recto has thirty-eight lines, while verso has only five short ones on one column and three on the other. Oriental cursive character. [Sulzberger.] 383 Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Hayyim b. ‘Amar of Fustat and addressed to Abu Zakari Yahya b. Manasseh. The writer who lived in Fustat, expresses his thanks for past favors, and states that he has received a letter from Alexandria at the end of the first Rabi‘. Verso has the names of the writer and addressee. _ A piece of paper, the left-hand corner of which is torn off. Size 647+ ins. (=15.5X18.4 cm.). Recto has preserved eleven fragmen- tary lines, apart from some writing on the mrgin, while verso has only two, the rest of the page being blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 384 A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, undated and unsigned. Mention is made of a certain Ephraim. A piece of paper, damaged, measuring 7X34 ins. (=17.7X8.8 cm.). Recto has eleven lines, while verso has only ten, apart from some writing on the margin. Dzifficult Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 385 Business letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Mardun(?) b. Musa and addressed to Yahya...b.Nissim. A piece ol/ paper, torn, measuring S75 x 1[77x] Dons NIT? OYY ? non mbw na ary>s M2 7278 nD Verso is blank. A piece of paper, torn, measuring 4323 ins (=11.4X6.6 cm.). [Amram.] DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 197 392 A Hebrew letter addressed to Joseph ha-Hazzan b. Jacob ha- Flazzan, asking for the support of a school. The writers state that they have borrowed forty gold pieces for taxes. The letter, which 1s undated, is signed by Solomon ha-Kohen b. Mordecai; Mubassar b. Shelah (teacher of the orphans); Moses b. Levi (superintendent of the synagogue); Jeshuah ha-Kohen b. Yahyah (?); Joseph b. Nahum; Hayyim b. Solomon; Nathan b. Judah; Moses b. Jacob (n'"17?); Moses b. Judah; Joseph ha-Kohen he-Haber b. Solomon, head of the academy. The messenger with whom the letter was sent is Joseph ha-Levi b. SAli. One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 117 ins. (=27. 917.8 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, besides short lines on the margin, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulzberger.] 393 A Hebrew letter addressed by a teacher to R. Joshua (?) asking for monetary support. The writer is in Tunis, and the addressee lives in Damyat (Egypt). The writer, who appears to be a Karaite, explains, at the end of his letter, the meaning of the word onno” (Isa. 40.20). Mention is made of ‘‘my pupil R. Nahman b. Machir”’ (TT yoo 1 Ta Ory Don); ]A Dade e idtioceats ddI YW Ww: DIDS ww; yor wate; tan moby; >’p sort N27 PS IPF IAS OY TANT STW VS WITS VOM. A long piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 22% X6{ ins: (=57.9X17.1 cm.). Recto has sixty-six lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Sporadic vocal- ization. [Sulzberger.] 394 A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to Abu Abraham...Isaac al-Melammed b. R. Hayyim ha-Sofer by Amram... (the rest is torn off). The writer depicts his condition, and refers to Abu Yusuf Ya‘- kub b. Abu Kathir. The names of the writer and the addressee are given on verso. A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 103 7% ins 2 O89 el Oem Rec has thirty-two lines, while verso has twenty-three in one direction and six in the other. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 198 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 395 A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to ‘Ali abu’l-Hasan b. Sa‘id by... b. ‘Imran. The writer states that Bakhur b. Nasir is of the prominent men of Sanhur (Egypt). He then goes on to give an account of some business transaction. Reference is made to Abu’l- Makarim who is likely to be in Cairo (it is not certain whether 1x» in this letter stands for Cairo or Egypt. In modern Arabic _,,a« without any further qualification refers to Cairo). Verso has a great part of the letter as well as the names of the writer and addressee. A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 103 X64¢ ins. (=25.7 17.6 cm.). Recto has nineteen straight lines as well as many frag- mentary ones on the margins; verso is practically covered with writing in all directions. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 396 A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, undated and unsigned. It begins with the formula war ysl CJ! 4h) oe (in Arabic script). It seems to be in connection with a will. Mention is made of Abu Sa‘id, Abu’l-Hunain ‘Ali ibn Husain, known as Ibn Shu'‘aib (?),... ha-Kohen b. Joseph,... ha-Kohen b. Ali, the chief (o»n>s) Elhanan head-of the (?7:..7) wx); Abu Nasr; Abu’l-Bashar(?). A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 11735 ins. (=27.9X18.5 cm.). Recto has twenty-two lines, while verso is blank, except for a few words, in Arabic script, which may have been the names of the writer and addressee, but which are illegible now. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 397 Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed toa man whom the writer calls DNDN 725K 5) (my master the Kohen and the Parnas). Mention is made of R. Solomon and Abu Zakariyya. It is stated that Abu Zakariyya in Egypt (or Cairo) used to befriend everyone who came from Babylon, Syria, or Rome. Mention is also made of Abu ‘Imran Musa, Abu ‘Ali, and Abu Nasr al-Sirkuni. The writer states that he has received a letter from Tunis, and asks for assistance. The Arabic script of verso is not quite legible, but the following is tolerably clear: DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 199 oP. (O_pot or) ete Reged wo. ae It is therefore likely that the writer’s name is ‘Omar b.Yusuf and the Caw 3p addressee is named... b. al-Hasan. One paper leaf, torn and faded, measuring 52X8j% ins. (=14.6 21.7 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, apart from a line on the mar- gin, while verso has three lines in Hebrew script and three in Arabic, the latter of which probably contain the names of the writer and addresse Square character, written with a thick reed, with a strong aan to cursiveness. [Amram.] 398 A letter, in Jewish-Arabic. The names of the writer and addressee are torn off. The date is given as the 30th day of the ‘Omer, but the year is missing. Mention is made of Abu Mansur. The letter is from one friend to another. The last line is wyybx op ov %. Verso may contain the name and address of the man to whom the letter was sent. It seems to read. (the diacritical points are rare): BONS colheen i ates ea) aoeecawees IN 5) w glad s pea -) All| 428 4 c All | ERs El AN 4.8 Lees Meer S> 34? If my reading is right, the name of the addressee is Abu Zakari b. Abu’l-Faraj of Cairo and Kalyub. A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 645 ins. (=15.8 12.7 cm.). Recto has twenty-seven lines, while verso has three lines in Arabic script, the rest of the page being blank. Curious cursive character. [Amram.] 399 A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Nissim b. Banaya(?x’s3) o ‘Arus (?piny) b. Joseph, both of whom seem to hail from Egypt: The writer states that he has received letters from Abu’l-Surur and Ibn Kasasah al-Kohen; but he is unable to read the one by the latter (ANTPX 7Ipx od) Snax 3p). He met Sheikh Abu Zakari Yahya. Men- tion is also made of Sheikh Abu’l-‘Ala b. Salamah. Verso has the names of the writer and addressee, and scribbling which seems to be account-entries. A narrow strip of paper, torn and faded, measuring 9} X43 ins. (=24.1x11 cm.). Recto has seventeen lines, apart from some writ- ing on the margin, while verso has three lines belonging to the letter, as well as sone scribbling by a later hand. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 200 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 400 A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by a father to his-son. After the customary formulas of blessings, the father proceeds to tell his son about the buying of silk and textile goods. Mention is made of another son named Joseph. Verso bears the address, and the name of the addressee seems to be Abu’l-‘Izz b. Bushra (?), in Cairo (a¥p), in the house (?) of Sheikh Abu’l-Rada’. A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring, 113 X 675 ins. (=28.2 14.3 cm.). Twenty-six lines have been preserved on recto, apart from some writing on the margin, while verso has two, the rest of the page being blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 40I A letter, in Hebrew rhymed prose, written by David b. Shechaniah to David (?) b. Isaac. The addressee seems to have been an important personage who interceded in behalf of the Jews before the government. The writer who merely sounds his praises, without asking for immediate favors, calls him 7wnr pnyp] 7a (2) TIT (@)sa oD AvITP NAD 13778 Team onwm zoom cd Ssaw saya sw poo: (?) papa soya tazm ivr dip> (?) abawplo ipap iio) iswwa Ap’ ODOM. A paper leaf, the writing of which is obliterated, measuting 11 72 ins. (=27.9X18.7 cm.). Recto has twenty-three lines, while verso is blank. Large square character with a slight tendency to cursive- ness. Partly vocalized. [Amram.] 402 Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, describing a certain number of articles that were to be sold. Mention is made of Nahman (Nona), Jeshuah, and Sheikh Abu’l-Faraj. The Arabic words at the end of the second column as well as on verso are illegible. A piece of paper, folded in two; damaged, the lower left-hand corner being torn off. Size 10$}X/7fins, (=25:7X18.6 em.) One column has seventeen lines, while the other has ten, besides a line and a half in Arabic script. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 403 Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to a man named Joseph, who is styled saD3n "wn. The writer asks for the five drachmas which DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 201 the chief (oy 5s) Abu’l-Hasan the son of the chief Abu’l-Najm had deposited with him. The Arabic words on verso probably bore the address. A small piece of paper, damaged and faded, measuring 33 X4¢ ins. (=8.8X12cm.). Recto has seven lines, while verso, which is written in the opposite direction, has six, besides the remnant of a few words in Arabic script. [Amram.] 404 The introductory lines of a Hebrew letter addressed to Meborak he-Haber b. Sa‘adya. This personage seems to be identical with the Nagid of Egypt mentioned in Saadyana, No. XL, p. 3, 1. 5, who flourished toward the end of the eleventh century. See Poznanski, Babylonische Geonim im nachgaondischen Zeitalier, pp. 114, 115. A piece of paper, torn on all sides and faded, measuring 3X6¢ . ins. (=7.6X17.1 cm.). Recto has preserved six fragmentary lines, while verso is blank. Square scharacter with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 405 A business letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Isaac b. Aaron Sajlamasi (@oxnbip) and addressed to ‘Ali Abu’l-Farah ‘Aris (2o-"y) b. Joseph. The writer gives a detailed account of some money, and mentions Sheikh Abu’l-Faraj and Sheikh Abu ‘Ali b. Salman. Verso bears the names of the writer and addressee, as well as a record of debts. A piece of paper, torn and partly faded, measuring 43X42 ins. (=12.4*11.4 cm.). Recto has fourteen lines, apart from some words on the margin, while verso has two lines and some scribbling addeed by a later hand. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 406 A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed(?) toSamuel Laniyyah. The orthography is peculiar to the late period: it has double letters instead of Tashdid. The letter seems to be dated 17th of Shebat, in the year 5485 (=1725). The writer says that, if not for the bounty of Isaac Shalom, he would have died of hunger. On the margin of the same side there is this legend which seems to be in a different hand: "y¥7 38 aN7N9 qwo ()a22 mN75 andy. Was Solomon Laniyyah the sender of this letter? JAG): GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Verso has the following, the writing being slightly faded: ()po (Qawa ots sia xow mp0 by iow oN ane (!ox>1y> 4397 wn saewands Snow pysn...21pD Sy nw onan 7D by ar odw aoe pwn A piece of paper, which seems originally to have been the blank leaf of a book which belonged to Samuel Laniyyah (as2N> Orv). It was subsequently torn out and used fora letter. 83 X9#ins. (=21.6 24.8 cm.). Recto has twenty-one lines, while verso has six short ones. Late Spanish cursive character. [Amram.] 407 A buisness letter, in Hebrew. The name Laniyyah seems to be discernible in the superscription, which is otherwise scrarcely legible. The writer’s name is torn off, and only the word j7Dn remains. A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 8} 4] ins. (=22.2X12 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso is blank. Late Spanish cursive character. [Amram.] 408 A buisness letter, in Judeo-Spanish, written by Judah Rozanes to Joseph Amarillio, in Salonica(?). Judge Sulzberger found this letter in the binding of the first edi- tion of the Mahzor Roma (1485). A piece of paper, torn on all sides, measuring 103 X7§ ins (=25.7 18.11). Recto has twenty-one lines, while verso has only two short ones bearing the name of the addressee. Spanish cursive char- acter. [Sulzberger.] 409 A letter addressed to Joseph Mataban(?). Judeo-Spanish. Verso has the name of the addressee. A piece of paper, torn, measuring 97% X 4 ins. (=23.9X12.4cm.). Recto has thirty lines, while verso has three. Late Spanish cursive character. [Amram.] 410 A begging letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Solomon _ha- Melammed be-Rabbi Elijah ha-Dayyan. The writer begins with Psalm 121.4, 7, and then goes on: °ana tobnm moby aaxxds Jioonds porbs pmbsx poixds Sxanods oyiods sdiods os ony vp pean me. A piece of paper, damaged and faded, measuring 675 X53 ins. =15.313.7 cm.). Recto has thirteen lines apart from a line on the margin, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 203 4il A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Moses b. Jacob to Abu Yahya b. Nissim. The writer states that he has received a letter from him on the 1st of Nisan informing him of the possibility of travel- ling from Maghreb to Alexandria. He has also reeeived a letter from Ibn Sason (ww jax) al-Maghrabi. He wrote a letter to Abu Ishak Barhon b. Isaac (pny Ja pa pnoN ax). He had expected a visit from Sheikh Moses after Passover; but thus far nothing has been heard of him. Mention is made of Ibn Jacob, Abraham, the death of Judah, Ibn Nahman, Abu Ya‘kub Joseph, Abu Yusuf, Nissim, R. Abraham he-Haber, R. Shemaiah he-Haber. There is reason to suspect that this fragment is spurious. A piece of paper, slightly torn, measuring 10747 ins. (=26.8 17.8 cm.). Recto has thirty-four lines, while verso has three, be- sides some scribbling in Arabic script. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 412 Hebrew letter, giving an account of the money collected for some academy. The names of the writer and addressee are missing. Mention is made of the province of Ramlah, the Jerusalemites, R. Amram b. Levi, the representative sent by R. Obadiah b. Japheth, Khalf b. Ta‘lab, R. Joseph, Ephrain ha-Haber, the son of Nisan, R. David, R. Meborak ha-Sofer, Solomon b. Sa‘adya, R. Levi, R. Tobiah. The writer speaks of the unfriendly relations that existed between him and the Gaon (may he rest in Paradise!). Beginning and end missing. One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 10} X77¢ ins. (=26.6X18.2 cm.). Recto has thirty-one lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 413 It seems to be part of a letter, in Arabic. Owing to the mutilated state of the fragment, only a word here and there can be deciphered. Part of the signature is perhaps »\.J] (mx). A piece of parchment, badly damaged by fire and torn on all sides. About a half of the width has been preserved, and the length, too, isevidently incomplete. Present size 114 <4 ins. (=29.210.1cm.). Twenty-eight lines have been preserved. Verso is blank. [Sulz- berger. | 204 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 414 Part of a buisness letter, in Jewish-Arabic. The writer mentions the city of-Sfax (DpxDD) and Abu’l-Faraj Nissim. He intends to travel to Sfax. A piece of paper, damaged, measuring 6X7} ins.(=15.2 X18.4 cm.). Recto has twenty lines, while verso is blank. Oriental small cursive character. [Sulzberger]. 415 Part of a Hebrew letter, dated 5595 (=1835), addressed to R. (?) Solomon. The writer says that since he left Jerusalem he lived in Beth-lehem. He fell ill, and, after many adventures, landed in jail, because he could not pay a debt. A narrow strip of paper, the right-hand side of which is torn off. Size 133553 ins. (=33.2*14 cm.). Recto has thirty-eight frag- mentary lines, while verso is blank. Late Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 416 Part of a letter, in Hebrew. The writer describes his bitter experience as a messenger to collect money in Egypt. He was put in prison and robbed of his papers and money. Mention is made of Ibn Nafs(?) b. Safudi Hadudah, Ibn Askaj(?), Rosano, Nisi, Abraham al-Mushkino(?). The first line reads ...wainb '3'5 3 ‘oy (?)on>. A piece of paper, torn on all sides, measuring 139 ins. (=33 X 22.8). Recto has preserved the beginnings of thirty-nine lines as well as thirteen fragmentary lines written sideways (the sheet may have originally been folded in two), while verso is blank. Cursive character. [Amram.] 4\7 Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic. Only the beginnings of the lines have been preserved. The names of the writer and the addressee are torn off. The line of verso had the name of the addressee and probably also that of the writer. The part preserved reads: ~>y» x, peabs mosn....2s Sounds... Senpde. A piece of paper, badly mutilated and almost entirely faded, measuring 5}X4 ins. (=14.6X10.1 cm.). Recto has preserved four- teen fragmentary lines, besides one on the margin, while verso has only one, the rest of the page being blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 205 418 Part of a begging letter, in Jewish-Arabic. Only the beginnings of the lines have been preserved, and there is no connected sentence. But the nature of the letter is unmistakable, as the introductory sentence is Psalm 41.2, and the next line begins with naan mmbno m)aD. The writer mentions the fact that he went to Alexandria, while some one looked for him in Cairo. A piece of paper, the greater part of which is torn off, measuring At X45 ins. (=11.9X11.4 cm.). Twelve fragmentary lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive char- acter. [Amram.]| 419 A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by a son to his mother who lives in Alexandria. He implores her to inform him of her health, as he has heard she was ill. He has sent a divorce to his wife in Egypt. He also asks her to be kind to the bearer of the letter, who is from Baby- lon (prays). Mention is made of Ibrahim and Ibn Abu’l-Najm. A narrow strip of paper, slightly faded, measuring 1024+ ins. (=27.3X10.7 cm.). Recto has twenty-three lines, while verso has two lines, in Arabic script, which seem to be the address. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 420 A business letter, in Hebrew, written by Meir... One of the margins has 7a00> n"D ‘por (nothing has been obliterated). Mention is made of Basha Mudli Muhammed, R. Joseph, Judah Mas‘ud. A narrow strip of paper, measuring 123675 ins. (=31.8X15.3 em.). It is covered with lines on both sides, the writing on the margin being in the opposite direction. Late Oriental cursive character. {Amram.] 42! Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, undated and unsigned. The name of the addressee is torn off. The writer asks for witnesses in a certain litigation. Mention is made of Ibn Sim‘an “his brother”’ andacertain Dayyan. A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 53X63 ins. (=14x 16.8 cm). Recto has preserved seven fragmentary lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. (Amram. ] 206 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 422 It seems to be part of a letter or responsum by a Karaite. | A piece of paper, the upper and lower parts of which are torn off, measuring 634? ins. (=16.412 cm.). Recto has preserved nine lines, while verso is blank. Arabic Naskhi’ character, not quite legible. [Amram.] 423 Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, of a private nature. One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 73X63 (=19.7 16.8 cm.). Sixteen lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank, |Oriental character. [Amram.] 424 Last part of a begging letter, in Jewish-Arabic with a mixture of Hebrew phrases. The writer, who seems to address himself to the entire family, declares that he yearns to see them all, and that he remembers their past favors and their generosity toward all who ask for assistance. A piece of paper, measuring 71§ X37 ins.(=19.8 X9 cm.). Recto has preserved five long lines, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 425 It seems to be part of a letter, in florid Hebrew style. The writer apparently complains of his troubles and hard luck, and asks for assistance. A piece of paper, the greater part of which is torn off; almost en- tirelv faded. Size 3253 ins.(=9.5 X14cm.). Eleven fragmentary lines have been preserved on each page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 426 A business letter, partly in Hebrew and partly in Jewish-Arabic. The titles and praises of the addressee, which take up about one-fourth of the space, are in Hebrew, while the letter proper is mostly in Arabic. The name of the addressee does not seem to be given, while the signa- ture of the writer cannot be deciphered. Mention is made of Joseph ha-Levi. Verso repeats the word anxzp twice. Is this merely part of a letter-writer? The words on verso apparently confirm this as- sumption. The only difficulty is the mention made of Joseph ha- Levi. DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 207 One paper leaf, slightly damaged and faded, measuring 938? ins. (=24.1X22.2 cm.). Recto has thirty lines, while verso is blank, except for a few words. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 427 Part of a letter-writer, in rhetorical Hebrew. The author col- lected all sorts of phrases from the Bible as well as from medieval writers. The influence of Judah ha-Levi is clearly noticeable, with the exception that these letters are in plain prose, while Judah ha-Levi’s are in rhymed prose in conformity with the branch of literature known among the Arabs as saj‘ (the cooing of a dove). These two leaves contain parts of three letters, one of which seems to be wedding con- gratulations. Two separate paper leaves which formed part of one and the same book. Both are badly damaged, only the lower part having been | preserved. Size 738} ins. (=19X20.9 cm.). Judging from the appearance of the paper and the closeness of the writing, there must have been about fifty lines to a page. Small cursive character. [Amram] We PHILOSOPHY AND KABBALAH 428 Part of a Hebrew translation of, and an extensive commentary on, a philosophic treatise by al-Ghazali. The commentary is placed immediately after every paragraph of the text. The paragraphs of the text are headed, in square character, WMMaxX ‘DS, and those of the translator are headed, also in square character, p’nyon ‘on. The author says that existing things are divided into two classes, general and particular, 71D) »>5D opdn'ad pon 0m. Whereupon the translator comments: nnd) wnwn nyt MN] NIT RPO") AY AT —SQLON 1291710 x} NA VOWS PS MOD idee ae dea 7 NYT OOS wiym Syn MDuT om OWING. One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 10§*7t ins. (=25. 718.4 cm.). There are thirty lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Amram.] 429 Part of an ethical treatise in Jewish-Arabic. This leaf seems to treat of the various ranks (ans) of trusting in God (it is not by Bahya). The author quotes many biblical verses, as well as the story of Hillel the Elder. One paper leaf, almost entierely obliterated, measuring 9363 ins. (=24.X16.8 cm.). Number of lines is twenty-one to a page. Oriental square character. [U.P.] 430 Part of a philosophic work, in Jewish-Arabic. One paper leaf, slightly damaged. 8.1152 ins. (=22X14.6 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page; recto has also some writing on the margin, lengthwise. Oriental cursive character. [U.P.] 43 It seems to be part of a theological treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, The writer was explaining Psalm 119.33, and for some reason or other 208 PHILOSOPHY AND KABBALAH 209 thought it necessary to digress and to expound Psalm 8. This takes up the greater part of the fragment (fol. la—2b, 1.9). He then says: jpn qat yoann oan ods yn nom>s op Sipds an. Four paper leaves, partly obliterated, measuring 7 X47¢ ins. (=17.8X12.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to nine- teen to a page. Square character. [U.P.] 432 Part of an ethical and philosophic treatise, in Jewish-Arabic. Fol. 1a begins with aa99s8 -n mx) oni IM 555 oNTnnds b> aedx Jon min tinebs 753 apm anny. This chapter seems to end on fol. 2a, as the lower part is blank. There are, as is usual in this branch of literature, numerous quotations from the Bible. There are no diacritical points. Two paper leaves, faded, measuring 5X43 ins. (=14.311cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to nineteen to a page. Spanish cursive character. [Amram.] 433 Part of an ethical treatise, in Jewish-Arabic. One of the few lines that are still more or less legible reads: >» amox bya im ead posnoex Oxabdn. One paper leaf, badly damaged; most of the words are obliterated. Size 8262 ins. (=22.2X16.8cm.). There seem to have been about twenty-two lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 434 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on theology, with numerous quotations from the Bible. One paper leaf, faded, measuring 635% ins. (=16.4x13 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twelve to thirteen to a page. Cursive ‘ character, written with a thick reed. [Amram.] 435 Part of an ethical treatise, entitled mann mbyn abd, by Jehiel b. Jekuthiel b. Benjamin ha-Rofe. Fol. 1a begins with "1 pip on2ai 7nd yw wD yn WN. It treats of the resurrection of the dead. I was unable to trace this passage in the Constantinople edition of that work. P. 43 of that 210 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA edition indeed speaks of the same subject, but is not the same as this passage. We perhaps have before us an expansion of that short paragraph. Fol. 1b ends with omrya is» >> mK posi yw nd. Fol. 2a begins with j79y mow omow onw jora (Constantimople edition, p. 13d, I. 34). This page ends with the description of the fifth virtuous quality. Fol. 2b is headed mpryn nbyo wn mwwn mbynn (ibid, p. 14a, 1. 21). It ends with odiyd 15 miwyw xdx try xb1 (cbid, p. 14b, 1. 14). There are some insignificant variants in this part. Two paper leaves, measuring 84X5i ins. (=20.9X14.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page ranges from twenty-four to twenty-seven. Rabbinic square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Friedenwald.] 436 The greater part of the Sefer Hekalot. Thirty-nine paper leaves, forming an incomplete codex. While all the leaves were originally fastened together by a string, some of them are now loose, and are merely held together by cardboard covers. Size 875X676 ins. (=21.2*15.3 cm.). There are twenty-two lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Adler.] 437 Part of a treatise on angels, in Jewish-Arabic. Recto enumerated all angels that are made to march at night © (553 sy40r). The description of these angels is continued in the first three lines of verso, and is as follows: \7"N0......¥D ONY) boa momo ods om tydx1 t9Dba.- Then follows the list of angels that are made to march during the day (tos nosbndsx soos vom sxmoa m0). As will have been observed, the orthography is pleonastic. When- ever } and ° are consonants they are written doubly; thus THIS Ss gan TIMP = 59 ps Short z and w are represented by ° and }, res- pectively. One parchment leaf, measuring 575} ins. (=14.9X13 cm.). Number of lines’on each page is fourteen. Oriental square character. The leaf is badly damaged, the upper and lower parts being burned. The writing is in many places obliterated. [Friedenwald.] PHILOSOPHY AND KABBALAH ask 438 Part of o’no7 DIND by Moses b. Jacob Cordovero (p’n-). Fol. 1a begins with -oxy onatm 55 °D prn ad onpson piyds 4D) pam yt (op. cit. towards the end of the second chapter of the section o>) moxy yw; Monkatsch edition, p. 21a, 1. 6). The frag- ment ends with manm maynond amy mano mdyp Aa 7d pr oD mvdyn amiva > nvmdy abay (ibid., sixth chapter of the same section, Per oc, Lode There is a number of slight variants. Eight paper leaves, measuring 87X5{ ins. (=20.9X14.9 cm.). Number of lines on each page is twenty-eight. Rabbinic cursive writing. These eight leaves form one fascicle. The string that fastened them is worn out. Recto of each leaf is numbered. We begin with n'a and end with 7"). [Friedenwald.] 439 Part of a kabbalistic treatise entitled mM7DND ATWwYy, by Menahem Azariah of Fano. On the upper right-hand corner there is some writing which is practically faded. It probably gives the date when it was written. The last few words are nawa 'S ora p"pd Gon May i 3= 1009 al he scribe seems to have been a 557 ‘3, but this name is not quite legible. The superscription is WOT [UP] Ory TN woin bs ones otpy °yann exon yo mbdiyn $$an mwas monn >> Inawi My ow won xva warty pri aa ypa taba. In the edition before me (M770 M7DN 7bD, Mohileff, 1810, with the commentary entitled A717 7°) this superscription is missing. Instead of the various divisions in this treatise being called 0°39°D, as in the printed edition, they are marked in this fragment as mo>nyo. The first division is not marked. The last division, which is marked in the printed edition as '7 0°D, bears naturally no heading in this fragment, for it is merely a résumé, and it explicitly states mDqyD yauX on NDR Woy. This treatise ends on fol. 6a with Psalm 42. 12, written in bold square char- acter. This verse is missing in the above-mentioned edition. Some of the pages are marked 7x which can only stand here for '7 max and hence are placed erroneously. Fol. 6b is blank. 2D GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA Fol. 7a is headed 's pon mxax ” 7DND wwa. Then follow the initials y"ps (=—771y Omp JON). This continues till the bottom of fol. 10b which ends with man yaw ty bx ma ty) a2 yond 451 ano sypnn 712 mx (§ 10). A leaf is missing between fol 10b anf fol 1la. The leaf of No. 440 is to be inserted here. Fol 11a begins with xabo7 xpnop Adm Nda Sanat moon diy Maas ($12). This treatise continues till the end of fol. 18b, which is badly damaged, the lower half being entirely torn off, The last legible word of that page is oynynd> (§ 27, beginning). Fol. 19a con- tinues fol 18b (one or two lines are torn off from fol. 18b) and begins with SD AT PD IND 'PA OT O”I2 NMNTID ANID (§ 27). The first part of this treatise ends on fol. 20b, and is followed by max 79ND ZS pon ”, The second part ends on fol. 30b, and is followed by 7px» a) pon ‘ max. There is no doubt that '3 is a scribal error and '} should be snbstituted for it. This part begins with yynr od svom Wa ID OMY Sy TON TT pIOD ywprn amp, and continues till the middle of 31b where the last line is 5D o& 7DNDD IDI AND’ wD Xd wy w’Da mDIpd Mwy ’n (beginning of §5). The remainder of this page and fol. 32a are blank. Fol. 32b begins sa7 oww wad sin 3°) ar aad papa m>ona nian ‘yon obnen xin ont Da) (end of $6). The bulk of § 5 and § 6 is also missing in the printed text and the printer’s note is 1) PAD ID TY AON SD S¥D] [NDI -NR¥O 7D. It is thus obvious that the scribe who copied this fragment found this part missing and left a page and a half blank in order to fill that part in. This part, which is the last of this treatise, ends on fol 33b. Fol. 34 is blank. Thirty-four paper leaves, measuring 87 X63 ins. (=20.9X15.5 cm.). Number of lines on each pages ranges from seventeen to twenty-five. Italian cursive character. These leaves form four fascicles which are fastened together by a string. Fascicle 1 and 4 have ten leaves each, while fascicle 2 and 3 contain eight and six leaves, respectively. A leaf is missing between fol 10b and 11a (that leaf is the one marked No. 440), otherwise the codex is continuous. [Adler.] 440 Part of ma9ND MIwWYy by Menahem Azariah of Fano. This leaf is to be inserted between fol 10 and fol 11 of No. 439. Recto begins with odiya nop myw rnd ior 8d. warp Tw map] nin. (a mxax aoxo, I, § 10.) Verso ends with inly] oy bos oa cha ial pinpd ort 19501 (zbid., § 12. The printed text has pipp>!). PHILOSOPHY AND KABBALAH IANS This leaf is badly damaged. Both sides are marked 7"¥='7 MN2X. One paper leaf, measuring 8} X 6% ins. (=20.915.5cm.). Number of lines on each page is seventeen. Italian cursive character. [Adler.] 44] Isaac Luria’s kabbalistic doctrines, as recorded by Hayyim Vital and other disciples (comp. on yy), with notes by mox, copied in the year 1662. This codex contains abxn DID yO. Ow ye OID ayy, obxm win ayy; "0 AyZ..7"D1]"0 ayy; mo>iyn apy ayy; mpopn ayy; a’> mpopn ayy; modiyn neny’m ovo ayy; o>wyn ayy; ayy maim otons nv; sn ayy; odb5a ayy; opisten ayy; yn ayy N/T NADIT; AVA BID WITT; ONT AYyw; IPA Mbw myo wIIT; AYA py AWN TWNAM; O73 WwW Mowa NaN AYA psy Twas; NI¥O MbonIF pay, NDNYT; VIPAT MN ANAT AY; O-N-A pay; odndim pay; mow? pay mw-n. The colophon runs: nawa-wpn oY am wpm pon n>nna onm owy) mew navacwSy ova obwn wtpon awn wind ay onwy mon 52 7200 mr nans> own caw ows aaved a’onn mwa nay win> op 3207p) ofa min> 9M Aad? ANT wpm adn nao ard) Sonnnd opsp Ty) Tnyo 'T Tx Jy C)qyar ‘1 yt pa Ppp win xb nD xp VD AyI wap prot Nom 7a ods bw inmao wad mma aby. One hundred and forty-eight paper leaves, fastened together by strings and forming a codex. They are numbered, and are in conse- cutive order form 3 to pap. Size 8X6 ins. (=20.3X15.2 cm.). The number of lines ranges from twenty-six to twenty-eight to a page. Oriental small cursive character. The headings and beginnings of paragraphs are in a beautiful square hand. [Adler.] 442 Recto seems to be the end of a kabbalistic book or chapter. It probably contained extracts from the 0°29 DID and similar works. The W727 15D and the Zohar are quoted. Verso has a note which, judging from the ink, was added by a later hand. It is in a large cursive character, written in the direction opposite to the writing on recto. The writer of the note states that he has all the works (?) in one volume. One paper leaf, measuring 836? ins. (=82.5X16.1 cm.). Late Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] VII MISCELLANEOUS (MEpIcINE, FOLK-LORE, ETC.) 443 Part of the Arabic preface of the 53m 7pD by Sa‘adya. Har- kavy published a larger fragment of this book in Studien und Mit- theilungen, vol. V. Our fragment begins with pyow (Harkavy, p. 154;/12 16)-and endsawith# 339m), (bide pmlooe lat), The orthography is classical. In a few cases } is placed to rep- resent a short u, but is crossed out, as mminbx. The dagesh in » doubtlessly stands for a Tashdid. The numerals in the text are re- presented by letters of the alphabet, but are written in words on the margin. Thus? has 7y2D on the margin. These are probably correc- tions by a later hand, as are the other insertions above the lines. Diacritical points are only placed over » and x; but }=7, and ee — p= ands}. In mnenbsxa oa stands for. Ina few cases a slanting line above a letter represents uv; thus mmp’x 75D". On fol. 2 the ink corroded the parchment in a few places. This fragment which offers some important variants was published, annotated, and translated into English by Prof. Henry Malter in JOR.; New Series, vol. III, 487-499. Two parehment leaves, measuring 635 7;ins. (=17.4X13.5 cm.). Number of lines on each page is eighteen. Oriental square character. These two leaves formed the inner sheet of a fascicle, as fol. 2a continues fol. 1b. [Adler.] 444 Part of a polemical work, in Jewish-Arabic, defending the tradi- tions of the Rabbanites against the attacks of various Karaites and Christians (mw ja and m>nxidbs). The question of calendation, as usual, forms an important part of the discussion. Was mwn ja a de- finite person who had a disputation with the author, or does the author attribute Christian views to a fictitious controversialist? Four paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6}; 4% ins. (=15.12.4cm.).. Number of lines to a page ranges from sixteen to seventeen. Oriental cursive hand. [U.P.] 214 MISCELLANEOUS Ale 445 Part of a polemical treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, against the Christ- ian calendar, written by a Karaite. Toward the end of recto there is, in red ink, nbosnbse Sxpbsy (third section or chapter). We thus have the end of the second section and the beginning of the third. The writer refers to T1775 1) pixaqdbs (verso, 1. 5); hence it may be inferred that the author is a Karaite. Kirkisani wrote a treatise, or at least devoted a chapter to the subject, to refute the Christian doctrine (see, e.g., Hirschfeld’s Arabic Chresto- mathy, pp.116-121). The earlier Karaites, like Yusuf al-Basir, Kirkisani, and Japheth b. ‘Ali, employed the Arabic script, and it therefore seems likely that the present fragment is by a writer belonging to a later generation. Of course, there is the probability that it is a transcript of an original in Arabic characters. A > representing Arabic arp Sita ays maba tbiw on ams AIT (recto, Le One parchment leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 736 ins. (=19.7X15.2 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-two to twenty-three to a page. Square character with a tendency to cur- siveness. [Amram.] 452 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic and Aramic, containing re- cipes for the preparation of medicaments and certain kinds of food. Recto has, in Jewish-Arabic, a remedy, which reads ispbadx Sol: PINT PINT TIT NID)... PVN FaI01 17M TINT. Verso has, in Aramaic, cures for a woman whose children die (pm 7327 =nx>) and for insomnia MISCELLANEOUS O47 (407 xo wind). The writing on the margin of recto is a recipe, in Jewish-Arabic, how to extract fat from a goose (INTDNON APS IN nds 7177). A piece of parchment, the writing on which is partly faded, measur- ing 575 X85 ins. (=13.8X20.4 cm.). There are eight long lines to a page. Square character. Recto also has six short lines in a smaller hand. [Amram.] 453 Evidently a talisman, containing three lines, in a very large square hand, written from left to right. The shape of the letters is reversed, but the words can easily be read with the aid of a mirror. The lines are: sms Toe om Ory pow apbpno 115 Syne onde ond wap sy1 o>iy> imado tia5 ow 7172 The word apbprp seems to be the name of a town or family. Comp. Kalyub (J 5.13), a town in Egypt. The other side is blank. A large piece of paper, irregular and torn, measuring 1537 ins. (39°53 17.3 emi)... -(|Amram:) 454 Part of a treatise on magic, charms, and cures. Hebrew and Jewish-Arabic alternate. Fol 1 is in Hebrew, and suggests the blood of an orphaned dog (aim avon ot) asa cure for certain ailments. Fol. 2a is in Arabic; fol. 2b is blank; fol. 3 is in Arabic; fol 4a is in Hebrew; fol. 4b is in Arabic. Four paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 63 X4 ins. (=16.412.4 cm.). There seem to be about twenty-two lines to a page. Small rabbinic cursive character. [Amram.] 455 Recto has a recipe, in Jewish-Arabic, for the making of wine or some such drink. Verso is covered with scribbling in Hebrew and Arabic characters, some one having used it to test his pen (adp mine) A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 675 X 37% ins. (=15. 3X8.6cm.). Recto has thirteen lines. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 218 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 456 Kabbalistic remedies and cures, in Hebrew and Arabic. Fol 1a is headed j1o1p, which is the introduction, and the first line reads pox bse man potp dx [owa=]woa ywynwr. Then follows a cure for all kinds of leprosy (in Hebrew). Fol. 1b gives a descrip- tion of certain potions (in Arabic). Fol. 2a is blank. 2b contains a recipe how to grow fat (Hebrew and Arabic). Two paper leaves; writing partly faded. Size 63 X44 ins. (=15.5 Rel ie2 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to nineteen to a page, except fol. 2b which has ten lines. Oriental cursive char- acter.a (Usha 457 Part of a treatise, in Hebrew, on magic, charms, and incantations. Recto has two chapters. The first is entitled nbn n>xw, and tells us how to get a reply in a dream toa certain question. One wishes to know whether a certain thing is good or bad, and asks for an answer. He asks for this sign: if the thing is good, he should be shown pious scholars praying in a synagogue; if it is bad, he should be shown idolaters praying in unclean places. The second chapter, which is entitled mans, gives a formula how to induce love in another person. Verso has writing from left to right, the shape of the characters being reversed. It is possible that the letters were smudged on it from another page; but the regularity of the lines, despite the fact that the writing is obliterated, would lead one to assume that the copyist purposely wrote from left to right (see No. 453). The letters in some cases are tolerably distinct, and there seem to be biblical verses as formulae. One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 93 X63 ins. (=24, 8X16.8 cm.). There seem to be about twenty-three lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 458 Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, containing magical formulae and _ folk-lore. In this leaf we are told, among other things, how to appease an enemy, how to free a prisoner, and how to obtain a favor. The re- petition of certain prescribed psalms can achieve all these things. MISCELLANEOUS 219 A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6}§ X53 ins. (=19X11.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from fourteen to seven- teen to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursive- ness. [Amram.] 459 Transcription, in Hebrew character, of pithy sayings and anec- dotes, in the Arabic language, of the philosophers and caliphs. The sayings of Socrates, the ascetics, Sufyan, and ‘Omar b. al- Khattab are mentioned. One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 7 X47§ ins. (=17. 812.5 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page. Square char- acter with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 460 A memorial list of scholars and prominent men. Mention is made of R. Dosa, the mighty lord in Israel; Josiah, Shemariah» Solomon ha-Kohen, head of the academy (apy px) Naw’ wet), and many others names, some of which, however, are illegible. This list was published by Dr. Julius H. Greenstone in JOR., New Series, vol. I, pp. 47-51. One paper leaf, badly torn and faded, measuring 83X83 ins. (=21.9X20.6 cm.). Each page is divided into two columns, and a full column seems to have had about twenty-three lines. This leaf was afterwards folded into two, dividing the columns. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 461 A memorial list of scholars and prominent men and women. Recto is headed ommnbdx, and begins xnxw_2 rr3> av yaa. In a few cases it is stated that the person died in a foreign country (719M INVIODN YANA AwIT TaN Seow ‘1 ‘7, recto, |. 26), and of one man it is said that he was slain for the unity of God’s name ('1 ‘9 'p')'D own sin” Sy anmim ‘aim 1pm mpm, ibid, 1.17). The head of the com- munity to which these men belonged was Moses, for the prayer con- cludes with ovyrm op 7y) aban am wtp Srpz $$ bx wads Jaan witpn Sap 1 Sytin aat aw P22 19778 WII WI NeTp nd TaD yD) TON Man Tw ton 122 INA AWS oH. This list was published by Dr. Julius H. Greenstone in JQR., New Series, vol. I, pp. 57-59. At the end of the list there is the follow- 220 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA ing legend which Greenstone omitted: mp onS mo onbs oxidx 127 OMNOON D7). A long and narrow strip of paper, slightly damaged, measuring 132313 ins (=34.9X9.6 cm.). Recto has thirty-nine short lines, while verso has only seventeen, written in the opposite direction, the rest of the page being blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 462 The genealogy of exilarchs. As the upper part is torn off, it is impossible to state with certainty for which exilarch it was prepared. It seems, however, plausible to assume that the list began with David b. Zaccai. This fragment begins with the word yon, and continues with hyperbolical titles, covering three and a half lines, applied to Zaccai. All the other exilarchs are merely metioned by name with the word 2. The genealogy is traced through David to Adam. 0n obviously refers to David. When we take into consideration the fact that this is the only case where 7)9n is employed instead of ]3, and that Zaccai is the only exilarch on whom titles are bestowed, we may assume that David was still alive, and that the genealogy was prepared in his honor. After the genealogy there are eight lines in Jewish-Arabic, in which the compiler, whose name is Abraham ha-Levi b. Tamim al-Rahbi, gives the reason why he drew up the list. He does not mention the name of the exilarch whom he was serving. The first two lines read: TONDPX TSN? OTDNI TYNON? A ANNPR TIT NAan> onts @mmbsios apantos maids mome>s moixds moxyds mands somtyo T>>e. A piece of paper, torn and damaged, measuring 64 X74 ins. (=15.8 x18.4cm.). Recto has twenty-five lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a strong tendency tocursiveness. [Amram.]} 463 It seems to be a fly-leaf of a book. It contains five lines on recto, while verso is blank. Lines 2-4 read | Dyan seyam yt | nts My7D | Sxnw b> ned: wen. Did the book belong to the exilarch David b. Zaccai, Sa‘adya’s contemporary? A piece of paper, slightly torn, measuring 67% X348 ins. (=15.2 x10cm.). Large cursive Oriental character, which does not seem to be that of a professional scribe. [!Amram.] MISCELLANEOUS 2A 464 A list of names, probably of Egyptian Jews. A piece of paper, slightly faded, measuring 53 X37 ins. (=14.3 X9.8 cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 465 Recto contains a list of names. ‘It is written in square Hebrew character with a tendency to cursiveness, but the orthography is Arabic (thus DAN ,prioe; ). It has two columns, but the right-hand column has only two lines, the rest being blank. The other column has seventeen lines. Verso has seven long lines in Arabic script without diacritical points. A piece of paper, torn on all sides, measuring 5X73 ins. (=12.7 X19 cm.). [Amram.] 466 A list of donations, in Jewish-Arabic, for the purpose of ransoming captives. Recto, col. a, is headed onaw jrap ‘m7 ‘wa. This is followed by a list of names. In some cases the address of the donor is given, and the streets seem to indicate that the list was compiled at Cairo. After the first list of names comes the following note ndy may omby Snyder NTONNS pap DTD>S NID 7D IT DDD) OFT A INDI Ja WWSI0 1aN 7 pooam) mo °-pa omsqtbs anon smn. The collector, accordingly, took about three per cent. This is marked off by a line, and is followed by another list headed naxy *yow oY 'x'w SID Ton Tbs Jo ond Tbe. Altogether there are six lists of donations collected by different persons. The second column of verso is blank. One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, meauring 103 X73 ins. (=26.6X19 cm.). There are two columns to a page, and at least twenty-seven lines to a complete column. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 467 Recto has four columns, while verso has only one. A list of names, with headings in Jewish-Arabic. The men were probably members of various professions or guilds in Fustat. One group is headed nauNdx (physicians), and another paxoyox (vendors of perfume, or druggists). 222 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 9X5? ins. (=22.8X14.6 cm.). Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 468 A list of Jewish-Arabic proper names. Probably a memorial list, or names of contributors to a certain institution or synagogue. It may also be a list of creditors or debtors. In some cases a sum of money is mentioned, as (!)m> mp aN TIy?s saNPT Ax? 7>...5sx aRDy yan 7x). One paper leaf, faded, measuring 10} 63 ins. (=26.617.4cm.). Each side is divided into two columns. There are two kinds of writing. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness, some of which was written with a thick reed. [Amram.] 469 A bookseller’s account, recording certain sums due for books. It begins ...jon mpa jonds 1ax qrwbs aay >. Mention is also made of the Sheeltot of R. Ahai (xm& at7 mn?NY jon ‘Vp ‘3D ATI), the translation or commentary of Daniel ('s77 ‘7 byrt oan), the Book of Buying and Selling (‘A747 'S SWI yaor 3NN3 71739)). A long and narrow piece of paper, damaged and faded, measuring 114 ins. (=27.9X10.1 cm.). There are nineteen lines on recto, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 470 Part of an account-book, in Arabic (both in Hebrew and in Arabic script). A piece of paper, torn off at the bottom, measuring 3} 54% ins. C20. 2 4 5- Secte): wel rain 47\| Part of a grocer’s account-book. It seems to belong to the be- ginning of the eighteenth century, and covers a number of years. The dates are given in accordance with the Sidras of the week. One of the years is marked XA Jyw FIN My (=463 =1703). Seventeen narrow paper leaves, apart from three attached pieces, forming three fascicles fastened by a string. The second fascicle, which seems to be complete, has eight leaves, and it is likely that the MISCELLANEOUS 2235 others also had the same number, but some of the leaves are torn off. Size 83X34 ins. (=21.9X7.9cm.). Number of lines to a page is ir- regular. Yemenite cursive character. [Sulzberger.] 472 It seems to be a grocer’s account-book, in Arabic. Recto is di- vided into two columns, and is in Hebrew script, whereas on verso Arabic and Hebrew characters alternate, and the lines-are not divided. On the second column of recto the following is still legible: >>» ods oy ad) tap anat yan onsbs mde ody... nynids ov raz pon wos yar) omnat 2 Jap 1D moO" yan Ax). A piece of paper, badly torn and almost entirely faded, measur- ing 8$X8 ins. (=21.2X20.3 cm.). Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 473 A list, in Jewish-Arabic, of articles like coffee and pepper that were sold to somebody. A piece of paper, badly damaged, the writing of which is almost entirely faded. Size 83435 ins. (=22.5X10.9 cm.). Twenty lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank, except for two illegible words. [Amram.] 474 Recto has ten lines containing a list, in Jewish-Arabic, of articles bought, and an account due to the merchant. Among the articles mentioned are fish and saffron. Fish for six dirhems. Verso has a similar list, in Arabic script. A piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 947 ins. (=23.5 17.8 cm.). [Sulzberger.] 475 Record of expenses and accounts. It is probably comparatively modern, and the year ayn (=1732) seems to be discernible. One paper leaf, faded, measuring 8453? ins. (=27.6X14.6 cm.), Modern Oriental cursive character. [Amram.|] 476 Part of a calendar for the year 1117-1118 C.E. (=]mnuw> 'v’D'n'x), in Jewish-Arabic. ORES GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADELPHIA The beginnings of the lines are torn off, but the words 'y’D'n'x AID mrvw> are quite clear. We are told that the Fast of Gedaliah was on Friday (>) ox mynibm). The fragment breaks off with the Ninth of Ab. Verso has ['y’D] 'n’s ID (only the lower half of 'y'D is visible.) A piece of parchment, torn on all sides and in the centre, measur- ing 44X43 ins. (=10.7X11.9 cm.). Recto has preserved thirteen lines, while verso only has a few words, probably added by a later hand. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 477 Part of a descriptive calendar, in Jewish-Arabic, for the year 1163-1164 (=4924 A.M.). It is headed 'p' 7mm yo mnbxnbds mb (the third year of cycle 260). Fol. 1a, which bears the title, has also some words, by a later hand, scribbled at random. Fol. 1b begins with ‘pm ‘nwa, and describes the year according to various eras: 71D °M NPD jm oT>N TIM NIMD ‘po ano yo aNbsnbs om aprossS pawyr yaos mx yom ANos oyaIN pyom 9x om mauve mDe2) pyap mw yarry Abs cm pnd) prey cle waponm ma axno> anon. Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The later begins with Passover. Two paper leaves, slightly torn and faded, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 54348 ins (=14.1X9.9 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eleven to twelve to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 478 Recto is headed X29N7 JOwA, and contains the genealogy of Ezra, reaching as far as Adam. It ends with ma 124 Op ash lol-oewy CisOrias nan> 778 ?axno, in Hebrew character, and g.> )) Go>_sl4 Ul me. A piece of paper, slightly damaged, measuring 6} X33 ins. (=15. 8X9.2 cm.). Recto has eleven lines in a beautiful square hand, while verso has only four fragmentary lines in Oriental cursive character. [Sulzberger. ] 479 It seems to be a model for penmanship. The first legible letters on recto are O°, which are the end of opm (Genesis 1.3). Verse 4 MISCELLANEOUS 225 is omitted, and this side ends with °», written several times, which is the incompleted op (zbid. 1.6). Verso also has a few stray words, and ends with 79)73 written very clearly. A narrow strip of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 54X24 ins. (=13.3X5.6 cm.). Recto has fourteen lines, while verso has only seven in a large hand. Square character. [Sulzberger.] 430 A model for writing the Hebrew alphabet. Recto has nine words of three letters each px, 152, wd), m5, 437, 0D), 7y1, Dn, ysv; and thus all the twenty-seven letters, including the final forms, are disposed of. Verso has eight words, the first six of which consist of three letters each, while the last two have two each: 1}, pelm Valerie ise 1, OLIN, nv, (?)~i. The systems of the combinations are obvious in both cases, A piece of paper, measuring 6252 ins. (=17.1X14.6 cm.). Large square character. [Sulzberger.] 48 | Arabic script without diacritical points. The writing is so illegible that nothing definite can be stated about the contents. Verso is practically blank. One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 6 4 ins. (=15.2 10.1 cm.). [Sulzberger.] 482 The writing is illegible, and nothing can be determined about the character of this fragment. A piece of parchment, damaged measuring 936? ins. (=42.1 17.1 cm.). [Sulzberger.] 483 There is some scribbling on one side, which seems to be by a per- son who was trying to learn to write with a reed the modern Hebrew cursive script. The other side is blank. A piece of paper, slightly torn, measuring 737 X6% ins. (=20X15.5 CMa). ue LAmraim.| 484 Scribbling in Arabic Naskhi script on both sides. A narrow piece of paper, measuring 93X33 ins. (=25.1 9.2 cm.). [Amram.] 226 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 485 Scribbling in Arabic script. It may have formed the fly-leaf of a book. One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 7 X6 ins. (=17.8 15.2 cm.). [Sulzberger.] 486 Scribbling in Arabic script. It may have formed the fly-leaf of a book. One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 9} X52 ins (=23.5 X 14.6 cm.). {Sulzberger. ] 487 Scribbling in Arabic script. It may have formed the fly-leaf of a book. One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 4422 ins (=10.7X7 cm.). (Sulzberger. ] INDEX OR NAMES Abraham, 296.5 Abraham he-Haber, 411 Abraham Talmid, 368 Abraham ha-Kohen b. Aaron, 346 Abraham b. Elijah of Rome, 135 Abraham b. Joseph, 333 Abraham b. Joseph b. Hasan, 267 Abraham b. Meir ibn Ezra; see Ibn Ezra, Abraham Abraham b. Moses ha-Melam- med, 351 Abraham b. Moses Maimuni, 159, 347 Abraham b. Nathan, 351 Abraham b. Nathan, 382 Abraham ha-Levi b. Tamim al- Rahbi, 462 Abraham b. Shemaiah, 340 Abraham b. Sidkah, 364 Abtalion, 286.4 Abu’l-‘Ala b. Ezekiel ha-Levi,344 Abu ‘Am b, Sa‘adya ha-Levi, 344 Abu Ishak Barhon b. Isaac, 411 Abu ’l-Hasan b. Abu’l-Wahsh, 345 Abu’l-Khaban (?), 218 Abu’l-Munajja al-Kohen b. Abu l-Wafa, 345 Abu Mansur b. Zaffan, 466 Abu Nasr, 344 Abu Nasr b. Khalf, 345 Abu Sa‘d b. Israel, 285 Abu Sahl al-Levi b. Joseph, 345 Abu Yahya Jauharai (?) b. Nis- sim, 390 Abu Yahya b. Nissim, 411 Abu Ya'kub Yusuf b. Farh, 389° Abu Zakari Yahya b. Manasseh, 383 Abu Zakariyya Judah b. Moses, 389 Aguilar, Solomon, 368 Al-Fasi; see Isaac Al-Fasi Al-Ghazali, 428 Al-Hariri, 330 ‘Ali Abu ’l-Farah b. ‘Aris, 405 ‘Ali Efendi, 222 ‘Ali ha-Kohen b. Yahya Al-Sanjari, 307 ‘Alwan b. Nathan, 333 Amarillio, Joseph, 408 ‘Aruk of Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome, 95, 96, 97 ‘Atiyyah b. Moses, 337 Agzharot in Arabic, 262, 263 Baka’ ha-Kohen b. Mukhtar, 336 Barakatbatlari soo5 Ben Meir, 332 Benjamin b. Joseph, 334 Ben Sira, 148 Cordovero, Moses b. Jacob, 438 Daniel the exilarch, 346 David, 329 Davids21 ono 2) David al-Fandari, 368 David b. Abraham, 332 228 David b. Shechaniah, 401 David b. Isaac, 401 David b. Zaccai, 462, 463 Eleazar, 273, 3 Eleazar the Hazzan, 363 Eleazar ha-Kohen ha-Hazzan b. ‘Ali he-Haber, 365 Eleazar Porek, 370 Eleazar b, Abraham, 344 Eleazar b. Jacob, 318, 339(?) Eleazar b. Japheth, 275(29) Eleazar be-Rabbi Kalir, 259(4) Eleazar b. Shelah ha-Levi, 391 Elhanan b. Shemariah, 312 Elijah b. Solomon al-Kustantini, 378 Elijah b. Zechariah, 347 Ephraim b. Shemariah, 183 Ephraim he-Haber b. Shemariah, 330;5537,318 Ezekiel ha-Kohen, 275(24),285 Ezekiel ha-Kohen he-Haber, 2363 Ganiyyah, daughter of Amram,334 Gersonides; see Levi b. Gershon Hai Gaon, 143,155,156 Falakot Pesukot, 120,136,140 Hafion, 251 Halfon b. Meborak, 341 Hayyim b. ‘Amar, 383 Hayyim b. Moses, 337 Hefes b. Yasliah, 121,122,138,142, 169 Hillel be-Rabbi Zadok Ab Bet Din, 345 Hunain b. Abraham, 335 Ibn al-Abrat, 317 Ibn al-Akhrat, 317 Ibn Asad, 346 Ibn Ezra, Abraham, 51,52,53,159, 279(2),283(2),295(12) INDEX OF NAMES Ibn Ezra, Moses, 159,236(2),278 (3),316 Ibn Gebirol, Solomon, 159(1),230, Zo Lea, 05) LOOP ie. Soro Ibn Sason al-Maghrabi, 411 Ibrahim b. Ya‘ kub, 357 Isaac, 236 Isaac, 273(5) Isaac, 283(1) Isaac, 284(1,2,3) Isaac, 295 Isaac, 296(10) Isaac Cunim(?), 282 Isaac ha-Kohen, 275(1) Isaac(?) ha-Kohen, 340 [saac Al-Fasi, , 85,123,124,125, 126,127,140,157 Isaac Kanzi, 294 Isaac b. Aaron Sajlamasi, 405 Isaac b. Benjamin b. Shoshen, 370 Isaac Ibn Ghayyat, 236,278(4) Isaac b. Mesabbar (?), 325 Israel b. Moses Najara, 296(2,3, Gi, onl ied 2a) Jacob al-A‘ yan, 228(4) Jacob Guryani, 370 Jacob ha-Kohen b. Joseph, judge, 346 Jacob ha-Levi of Corbeil or Mar- vege, 157, 158 Jachin b. Abraham, 365 Jacob b. Asher, 143,144 Jacun be-Rabbi Semah, 300(2) Jair Abudari‘’, 362 Japhetn, 275(6) Japheth ha-Hazzan b. David ha- HazzZal oon Japheth b. Amram ha-Kohen, 293 Japheth b. Nissim, 339 Jehiel ha-Dayyan, 361 INDEX OF NAMES Jehiel b. Jekuthiel b. Benjamin ha-Rofe, 435 Jehiel b. Judah, scribe, 356, Jeshuah ha-Levi b. Solomon, 336 Jeshuah b....b. Moses Ab Bet Din, 325 Jesse(?), 240(1) Joseph, 252(9) Joseph (al-Bardani?), 252(13,14) Joseph al-Bardani, 253(13,14,15?) Josiah ha-Hazzan, 274 Joseph ha-Kohen ha-Shofet., 337 Joseph b. David, 338 Joseph ha-Mumbheh b. Eleazar,365 Joseph b. Isaac ibn Abitor, 250 ee TOUS AO 20821 2 223651 277 1,2),291(r),384(2) Joseph b. Jacob, 336 Joseph ha-Hazzan b. Jacob,392 Joseph b. Maimun(?), 369 Joseph b. Moses of Trani, 162 Joseph ha-Kohen b. Nissim, 365 Joseph ha-Kohen he-Haber b. Solomon, head of the academy, 392 Joseph b. Solomon, 341 Joseph b. Solomon b. Hur, 333 Joshua, 296(9) Judah ha-Kohen, 220 Judah ha-Sofer, 275(37) Judah Tamim, 362 Judah b. Benjamin of Rome, 135 Judah b. Joseph Fas (?), 161 Judah Kohen b. Maimon, 371 Judah b. Moses ha-Hazzan, 341 Judah b. Samuel ha-Levi, 159, 218,249,278(2),280(1,2),281(1) 282,297 ,314,315,344,427 Karimah, daughter of Nasir (Eleazar), 341 229 Khaba, daughter of Joseph, 338 Khalifah b. Samuel, 371 Khasib b. Abu Nasr, 351 Kimhi, David, 57, 74 Laniyyah, 407, Laniyyah, Samuel, 406 Laniyyah, Solomon, 406 Levi b. Gershom, 61 Luria, Isaac, 441 Machir, 275(28) Maimonides; see Mosesb. Maimen Manasseh b. Joseph, judge, 346 Manoah (?), 260 Mansur Kahana b. Moses, 333 Masliah ha-Kohen, 342,343 Mataban, Joseph, 409 Mazzol Tob ha-Levi, 372 Meborak b. Abu ‘Ah, 345 Meborak b. Nathan he-Haber, 346 Meborak he-Haber b. Sa‘adya, 404 Megillat ha-Satan, 328 Meir (?), 273(6,7) Menahem Azariah of Fano, 439 440 Menahem b. Berakot, judge, 346 Mona, daughter of Perah, 335 Moses, 279(1) Moses al-Ashkar, 371 Moses ha-Kchen b. Aaron, judge, 356 Moses b. Isaac , 275(38) Moses b. Jacob, 411 Moses b. Jacob Cordovero, 438 Moses b. Jacob ha-Levi, 349 Moses b. Jacob ibn Ezra; see Ibn Ezra, Moses Moses b. Maimon, 100,101,115, 1221281797130, 1312132133 230 Moses b. Nahman, 102, 103,104, 105,106,111,112 Moses b. Sariwan, 362 Mubassar ha-Kohen b. Abraham, S51 Mudrik b. Musa, 390 Nisi al- Nahrwani, 217,275(35,36, 39,40,41,42,43,44,45 46) Nahmanides; see Moses b. Nah- man Nahum b. Perah, 335 Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome, 95,96, 97 Nethanel b. Mesabbar (?),325 Nathanel b. Sa‘adya, 347 Nissim the Dayyan, 384 Nissim b. Banaya, 399 Obadiah b. Solomon, 363 Nissim b. Jacob, 160 Perahiah b. Joseph, 340 Perahiah ha-Kohen b. Tarfon,291 Phineas ha-Kohen, 259(5) Rashi; see Solomon b. Isaac Rida, daughter of Joseph, 396 Rozanes Judah, 408 Sa‘adya b. Eleazar, 340 Sa‘adya b. Ephraim he-Haber 336 Sa‘adya ha-Levi b. Hillel, 187 Sa‘adya b. Joseph, 43, 44, 46,47, 49,50,58,63,70,151,167,171,242, 247(6,7,8),275(2),276,332,443, 450 Sahlan, 252(10) Sahlan, deputy of the academy, b. Abraham, 336 Sa‘idah, daughter of Sa‘id al- Hatrushi, 373 Salim b. Sa‘id al-Akhlufi, 373 Salimah (?) b. Musa b. Isaac, 389 Samuel, 289 INDEX OF NAMES Samuel ha-Dayyan, 133, 134 Samuel ha-Dayyan, 381 Samuel the fourth; see Samuel the Third Samuel ha-Nagid, 379 Samuel ha-Nagid b. Hananiah, 344 Samuel b. Hofni, 139,140,275, (fol. 39b) Samuel the Third b. Hosha‘na 252(8),286(1,2),287(1) Samuel b. Jacob ibn Jam‘, 127 Samuel b. Joseph (?), 288 Samuel b. Judah, 346 Samuel b. Judah, 380 Samuel b. Nissim, 343 Sar Shalom ha-Nasi, 185 Sefer Hekalot, 436 Semah ha-Levi b. Jacob, 333 Sfax, town in Tunis, 414 Shabbetai ha-Hazzan b Joseph, 342 Shams, daughter of Musa, 349 Sheerith, the blind Hazzan, b. Japheth, 319 Shelah b. Eleazar, 340 Shemaiah ha-Haber, 411 Shulhan ‘Aruk, 145,146 Siba‘ b. Manasseh, 334 Sibiliyyah, Joseph, 368 Simbah b. Mesabbar (?), 325 Sitt al-Dar, daughter of Isaac, 339 Sitt al-Dare-365 Sitt al-Ruat, 345 Sitt al-Yaman, 391 Sittunah, daughter of Perah, 335 Solomon (?), 271(1) Solomon, 292(1,2,3,4,5,6) Solomon, 253(6) INDEX OF NAMES 231 Solomon, 253(9) Solomon of Barcelona (?),275(30) Solomon Barnash (?), 322 Solomon Hazzan, 253(35) Solomon ha-Melammed be-Rabbi Elijah ha-Dayyan, 410 Solomon b. Isaac, 54,56,68,99,109 Solomon b. Jeshuah, 369 Solomon (b. Judah ?), 252.11 Solomon b. Judah ibn Gebirol; see Ibn Gebirol Solomon b. Nathan, 186 Sulaiman, paitan, 253(10) Sulaiman b. Jeshuah, 356 Vital, Hayyim, 441 Yahya b. Elijah, 344. Yahyah b. Abraham, 318 Zebadiah, 275(5) Zein-da, daughter of ‘Alom(?), 333 Zohar, quotations from, 331,442 TUN DD Ee Xes OPS: 0) Fi Tt Cae aN ees 1310 TIOD ON »yty Sm °DS8 on obyon mx SLO Sh GR Se GG x PAS RS Fs ae BS A 8 253.36. . NINA FAW PPR 316.2. orp D> 17). 21yON 39M Px 316.2 . DOW ]D YT TBD By. NT yD yD59 ...928) TD NN APN PR 267, myp 7My us map Jy? Aa Uy ee a OR alelaiabtehe reall 9 293, ,]ad0) 7190 (DD ayn ADIN 297 maxon bpp ny md IAW) nN 287.2, . . . oo mw Ndp ir dN epry>a ps DN 35) 1opTa ON a> prt nan y>a Ox ps Sym yD 19 pr PIN JD] ONwerN b> ay ova nya > px 39.7.0yp 9d orm pan pp) oN IN m3 pip oa bx . yay a2 pasa ows yrs Os PEP oe ie Be ye tae S PLIOAD en GS eM fets A S 275,8 229.5 -. 252.7%. 239,4 239.5 oyoxd >>> ont ons mos bs 239.3 . dy per nora po ony ox NCW OIND Dw) orm NuMs Ton bs snen mby sy »nn xd tons) omds mpm nbs mmx vind) ndos ond EMG SB 6 275, 24 , py meyn bei cywad aan bx onde | e751 1S eee, Let aa eee 5.29 TINNY Nion> onx¥s® ON ondN 32 ony os awa $55 mmo onbs 4D5u wp) 1D5p 2s yp AON DWN O5°dN Insya wr SD on om CAN ON 275,25 ZOOEL OU. ic wie) Bre Pee eT CUES SI ye SS 313, . . S38 (2)NDTN nmow MINN ON 289°290,.2. . . . YS wn ONS 20%; 9 te, hn lS eee . yod ono ZZ ainda swan an ds | 2523 a ee TIP No etiarnteNe 75.66 DD mos ow TIMMS OMIT IN Grek woes panna (pty) qppd sax 266. -. 9. 4 « FENN) U5] qa mas 278.4. Me.) fy ayes ee CHONS wan igo O823 40. e * SOUND OU ae ans 229.4, Inp Nxp 19 axa nyo Sxd sa4K 208,34 Nanoe Ws _ ody as 752 158 253.28 i, 5 4 we SHPO NZ Goa BO5IS git J, h sueaeal se eee ATT eI eT EEE Aes ee ay ee A alain igh ate 275,28, pobynn wy "IN INP NM TN 233.3 . ON awm py? qws or°>s InN 316, . ope yo ya apap by a nN 207). 2 jp -Risaee a Wee, JIN aaa 2n0s2 tae. . moox nnp> dow 304,c0n ee 1999.5 55 "aris 275,46 . mio vax man avy cobms 309.6 . . . minsin yrow> wr xd ns 284.2 . . DoD? 0 IMIN 243 As 7yw IMs TaN WM -DND oe 52 DENN 31026 eo 777103 yee i pee gD an Os 2S wy2 aN 275.86. |. pint? “oy ip m2 N 292, 6 ee, SSIS Rapes 253, 15 noni Sita pan pois 252.6 £02 ONTAD OTD) ISDN 253, 11 min Sy oF vam Ww ISIN Deak Bus +a ee MDDAP aS 275,41 . city nnS ATR. OvaY mMN 253,18. . . . « “POND -pninK The wea O IPMN PAN] 7 IN J6a ee ara _ OT Np °a1y3 IN 275.38. . say x inpis ys 250,3-0\ os 2! ADD aUN Ses 273.7 .. DIN WIN DINK VIIN 2982 woe OOD ANB oP ats 260, cae, ee ha aban bo anni 275,11, . . (J) aNPnn nD wa 7d °K INDEX OF POETIC LINES 233 253,32, , . . . « « MOW WwW "WN | 252,18) 253,23... . DYN NON 300.4 PpIX mma mad ww ypID JnwN | 253.29. . . . onn dx iyi nox 456... TPL VN [OVI=]wHA yyynwN | 317... pp ADD wD AND TDN 259,20) an . MN Dao ns byp wax $2) Syn ovpnwy ox7DN Sot ees UNENT e EN ances OBR ate ae Ran Gate IID. OF IDIN 252.5° 253,26 . .Jayn mp py aod ne | 275.37. . . . oop ord. on oddox 75.3 (OPN) OVA PTY UNAS . . .ony 7b Ipyx? aya os 275.5 . . . NS wax ov dy uxny | 254.4; 253.25 253.12. . . . . . NDI NUN ANN | 309.2 . nay wx ton Moy won oK 298.1... . . . . PY ODVITNN | 263.18. . . Ioy pom mind wow ows Thee dee eee pose ana es2)2 eas eee IAI DITPIPSON 26g) 1 eee Is) OV eiipNs ized. 4 eee eRe) DN 292, 5 Dx xd) OTN pos InN | 324.0. «. IMA) Up a nawn or oN Ie ey ee es Upletnabbustg ys mwIpO mwa) mesap wd rox 275.4 » ynyp jaw pos pons | 275.9 . nox mn marys nwND men 299, 2 nen on Syd “por ynN | NPA AMIN PT NID yO M29 M2 IN 220, . . » . 13°55 Sywh pix ime | 263. . 2... . INDIR TpIN[D OL) ae re ON MISINTT) | 206.6 Py Re ASS Dm? 83° PONT ASR ISIN APRA | 229.1, ums ayn ND ON IPnyw yow NIN 229.3 . « anon ws Pb fp io i taedah ater) oalees [Ws DOWN NowNa owNN dy oN yD | 293. =... . Nt eye opmbds DN Bunh one eee Fee US a) 275,80) ne eres od INSTT ENDO 283.2, sion ma oe sriywoan-dya | e773... 00... Te YM “yy WIN 253,17. . NT OIS ny qosiawe nya | 247.6. . ©. moa wy) mnDN wie pyr vpen xd mnpo irpex on AXpa | 292.3... . campo yon psd ows SSO te een L ornay alt DY 218, . . . . IND’ON Non oy NBN 2g we Sia Mein ala ies elena) | ech Mater pt Oe etm ang ates) Joes eee VN 55, pA) ys) 2275-331) a ees CON ON INES ee a eC ns nox 526612 2s eee “ees IY ONDDN Ore eee ee ey SONI Us Meso Pe a DY IDI PXOxN 252.17, . OMIYD DIS naw wy mown | 253.7. . . oarnbsoa mw odson UE eee eee een) amy S07, 2 ok ODI 2 TTS ONIN Goer ree) Wee ee TPN iD 9) ee 286, 25° 2e7 a ee, NPT IS" DIN ot eee eee ose op eset ee ne a2 UN aN HUA C) a einer Piel abate campy eee Ge ge ag = A Mae tnIthg Pehla hah 259.1 a9 DTI nna Nap dip ny sy | 275.30... . WIM Wx own NUN 259.2. TDD Tow) OMND vow IT | 253.2 .0.0°.0=.°2. . MIND PY TWwR 218, . oe. os oms | 319... aap apin qind ww anwe 228.1. ANS ase orn nwp aN mot | 247.8... ODN ASI JNywn anes awem yo tad nya awn quer yt | 275.27. 2... . . oe ata qos S18 2 ss eo TPN INDI» | 275.26. . . mono odor 305.4. . spb sna nyt | 275.40. “Ba ry2 px ono 552 wows 304.4... iapdyappan maim nyt | 247.5... nD ND WS IPwyna MOwNS 7.2 ih ee DD GTN ONey ie 26le eae eee ae ONIN 271 UN aust see WY) NON WIN DONT “NAN PPM MIN NO OTN WE SUS hp) ee te tg oe tas Crome vt sfute thi te Sr Oc yl ea deb elete qyrr wm wan Jes dn ANA yop? x Ge yow OTN WN erie hee PAM ohn ce DONTE WaB0e: doa Ok ea, we oe Ee ate She) a Seal INDEX* OF PORTIGCSUINES o>bap noisy imon2 bx > ombapn qra bs spa wn Ss mado ot TuDwD prs Dd ony? es aw oy) 7 spoinin yin mpx ond ANN) PONT TDS NP . bene moe dma ody om : Woy WP syio) b> 41D) Ty) yo Ny MONT oyIy n>->82 08 OY opin omy bond cnx ov . MSD WaTy) WOWR OY axyoryy jom> ona ar 5.20 92m 57 py sina qoon> one or DOYS IMA PP onwIT OY awn qow oya pxdp monn op Seas spy qotw> onsen ov | yn $2 paw qdtonasr or Nw 7X MRI map ad or yd yrmp on yd amin on Smp oy o Rett wits Ja adda wpyy op -105. VW1D VOD TOT ANS WY W723 mooinn> jou Awy mew op | yw. aa pyor mp pyp> mm ott op . NN) pwS 92 HP bow psi pm sm) or VASP eabey YoY meta e WA oats) th elm maw xd yap) pri spon” mana wa yx nab” MSN pw aws on >> re FD O° ae IND ws .AydT Sy AyI om 3nd) mND...D5D" Ww) 1D77 yr ary wy ony 7 ANI mp? _ OWT WS PR mn = smvea) mdaD sTiom my PNYD MD_Y) pow NY? py awa Dy wT? myo SD onaw WRID am navy wad ots na 316.2 moxDdIo Nonrp by mIXDD NIPRN DN) maw ows a Nn nN Noa 322, 341, 72) TA wp orn spyyp saps onde (pri > Sy Nba 275,14 , Dap myn nis 275, 26 mow b> pa bSinpa rs oes mow) b> -pn Soapn 316.1 .as> pexno .Sxmonn .ds dyn 295.1 27y a” avpn NOSY NN ants FDP yavna yawn 25371 pene FDIDA 238,3 DDAD oe mun jabs InJ2 4A ody onds ny? m8 INT) Ian 252, 3° 253, 24 314.1 moay3 tan 301.5 DIAN NWS} 253,27 . ans ws axd xe 309.7 MNTwW NN) 241, 4 maw ends 0°) 278 An) 258, . sows wa ySu0n wan oe MINNDD VS VS POU TR 240/38) 2416, =e 77. aval ease 275.34 . INP WIP NPD nawn ova 23801 MISH 241, 5 77222 nnn) on AIMS PM 252,17, op dap nx nyt ndbwa on 253,35 MN pin amp yow on 314, 4 wy) ayia om yo am 253, 10 Ss yay yey 253.9 nyo) 208) yoy 338.2 IDSPO PINT wyaN nox ody 215.4 . yay. py ba m2 m1 315.6 TDN fate: qb 701 326, POF mMvyD MDwA AND NID” 305.5 man xd ndpm 305.2 byrmd Hosa Nd) nyy 314.2 mpt sanyo 4s m7 ot oni nya oad MY) MSS MTOM Wt 275, 2 304, 1 monnd Mw 300, 5 aN) yn wn = (nos wnan> ow mM S4id te eee as DI Te 318 pon waw) onDID ON 299.1 PAN) Tn NT Pon 209.3. . mmdy cow yDw DIA ts nn 296.13 , mran i nnd mx INDEX OF POETIC LINES O35 252.8... . . . .OO NV MavD , 296.3 . nw nPos aad oO” or yponn 253.30. . MWY] IIONO WW IPM oOpind | 206.2 . . mo dam Joy Sy qow aby 230% oy we PIND VSI ASN Ind | 206.1 oe. ee | UNTSI TOY TIN eG aeren eyes Osa NO DON OM] 288,86 ee ees IDL 2303, OIa> PEO eee yy Veit Grima ehh tae Me ote Meme olecta Mea itm tat atte A pen ST POMee irr el. UP NDI Mattie ke ee ee ODI Ico 252.11, . WW) MW ITDND) DDN SIO’H ny ott pond disso onnaw °3 i ak art bse ueeeID OOOO gletsGal ar ee unm ee eo. TIDE! a FO gh ee te PR UD SGU mooi" poy bse ana mvy mdx 55 275,16 2352 PY WIA MXY MWS TIN oh) lee oe Sere . On neyo pp 266, 270... mod pox ner by | 315.5 . 2. xpi Ron pad don b> 247.8 . . Nan oman nvya wm my | 302, . 125 Soa pep ats snxn xy Te ee Sues 230) CMe ae ok. NOTE STING See, PD ND THOR wy et59.4) yee GPP5S cine> OUND Pea LS SOG Ts alae morse bean fea Pee mel peak eb: 275.47. . .opr onda xdi mixnipomine | 275.15. . py na now dx ann nd ISP On Ty 197 INO PION os | 253.34. 2. . mbox oat ney did IS GahaN Naina Ney trates 20 284, De eel aihacieleu yh iay, 23.8... . . DIPPYA WD DID Saat iaxD 1D ymard) awd w2b05 Ota eared eee ee INTD toa ip 30001 277.1 . . oppo pwyor mpd one dip | 315.3... ©. NONI TITW yom ond ax 7200 inbw wwraop etd inp | 254.0... at aya mat pw wtp ar ee ee eae ee) One ena 253.31. . . . . JOIN JOIN pysn m9 SEESS we fatale singh y esligp np utip): oc bisth el eral © cour \sihtgtatn)auialnrdultala Sa 2 an Poe aaa e212 see NY Ia me No. Pew 2s) ean eee IOS EAL 259.8 DU IDI 2) US ONTO oa 2 eI casi ees INKED ISN NY wD ee 2 ae gy de eee en ee I Ny 2b3.260 Men ee TCINS 8 278.2. ory qnyiwed es NONW WOM | 253.27. . . . MMS Tien NVos TPA 259.5 ..29N0 pry xd cna ps ie TH eeO6 Sele Er OID. 05 InP 252.8 . , om mxpa Sobon open tw | 259.4 . mand ypa ik oN oD 309.8 . . . . PIN TOID DINN Wow | 250.4 . °mI0> pr» p>IN MND COIN OD sé, =. moan pina myn a7 now | 273.6 . . . .ndrmam pya om -axbn 275.42, . . Iona ann way | 240.1... =. =. «oy nyon 9D tee ea yO pia De e40; ene eI INTy oe Geo Ens x me e . . + « MIO PIN) 240,2° 241.1 Mian np. ty 29 town 495 252.20. . . . eae WN TWD Abin 279.1 ANY TO Daya Tw “yw qNaw yo 275.43. . . .ywo Senonabya pxn | 316.1. yv¥ 42 NE pwn qywam 4nyon cece bo Sea Se tae, eebaMiclamets inlay) Be G 8 eo Caras ke ttabs Mare 275.45 . OPP TW) OMIDN MIDI wenn | 275.17. 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