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REPORT
lA of the
‘FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE
CHURCHES OF CHRIST
IN AMERICA
1920-1924
Edited by
SAMUEL McCrea CAVERT
FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES
OF CHRIST IN AMERICA
NEW YORK
1925
ied
ny aa!
Aa tah) . a
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CONTENTS
Page
PACE LACE Se tiche 8 G5 CORNY deece PORT ONG OE POT Hate hie at atti 5
PART I
THE SPIRIT AND IDEALS OF THE FEDERATED CHURCHES
The Significance of the Atlanta. Quadrennial®,...........0.0+:0e6 9
Samuel McCrea Cavert
ne Apdivasipilityson ine pC hurciiet Lilie (ue oe iiee M,C UT the 14
Robert E. Speer
Bight iromethe hast. Ton tne. Churcha LOUAY. 4 Wen vsk s eleva ics wereins 16
S. Parkes Cadman
more opirituals Value, Of7 Cooperation eavsin bea. fie: 200 Mak ny es Le 20
C. B. Wilmer
What Church Cooperation Means toa Layman ............0...0.- 24
M. M. Davies
How the Federal Council Can Best Serve the Churches.......... 26
Thornton Whaling
Rockwell H. Potter
Carl E. Milliken ;
Eyangelism iand. Education Inseparable. .....cec30'. eeieds ates a eds hie 29
Henry H. Sweets
de DOC bask /Ofs the .CHUrCh In PAMELICA. emote saute ee she ale 35
. Francis J. McConnell
fe Church -andsiWorld i Peace)! seca rae BS eon Ot Rae 41
William E. Sweet
William Jennings Bryan
Florence E. Allen
James T. Shotwell
The American Churches and the Japanese Exclusion Act......... 47
Cyrus E. Woods
A. K. Reischauer
The Present Crisis in European Protestantism .................5- 52
Adolf Keller
PART II
THE PLATFORM AND POoLiciIEs OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL
Future Policies in Cooperative Work .............eee eee eee eeees 59
(Report of Committee on Policy)
eRe TOe THOM MTEC NOS (ict Seeded ta - ols yt alee pinta p=! \e soe yo elp sun ¢ 0. App = 71
Messave to tue Ghurches of Other Lands. oe ei cee cence ns 75
Program of the Federated Churches for a Warless World........ 76
A Program of Applied Brotherhood in Race Relations............ 82
CONTENTS—(Continued)
PART III
Tue Work OF THE FEDERAL CoUNCIL FROM 1920 To 1924 u
age
Review: of | the Federal: Council's’, Service oss... ssin'ye ose cee alee sot te 87
Commission’ on Councils: of Churches 0 po... ecce nae meee em rene 101
Commission on Evangelism and Life Service .............-eceee. 105
Commission '.on ‘Christian: Education} icy. cs ics ee cle rie ares eet 111
Commission on the Church and Social Service ................s- 114
Commission (on T eniperance ty Me MLL eh ee pie eters eee 123
Commission on the Church and Race Relations ................... 125
Commission on International Justice and Goodwill ................ 134
Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe......... 147
Department: of Research’ and) Bducation iwiil.)...0. eae ee ae 163
Committee on Relations with Eastern Churches .................. 170
Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone ................ gel
Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook ............... 174
General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains ............... 177
Editorial’; Council: ofthe Religious: Press aii). bo, So oe ete 188
Hugtienot-Walloon \Tercentenary (02. 6). sade wale fede enka cess 189
Washington Committee ........ Weslo eae lets 6 ecitel oC SUN dimen Seka Seen see cias 196
Western: Committee i covers amie tate m 6 ead ef ole ca iemee ataec natant seem 200
Statements of Affiliated, Consultative and Cooperating Bodies
Home Missions ‘Council Woes acne ac). enolate Manan ciate Pec erent 203
Council! of); Women: for’ Home: Missions (ouvir eiaisuen ee ciate ose 205
Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions ........... 208
Gouncil of Church (Boardsiarimducation i iace wenicece tien ce eueee 210
American Bible Soctety i) sale ainy delice ee he et nae ea 212
International Committee of the Young Men’s Christian Associa-
CLOTS foie sto's alae 2 whole WLU ALU auaaerl IMR YAt ig ark cg te aR 215
National Board of the Young Women’s Christian Associations.. 219
Committee on Cooperation in Latin America .................. 222
Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions ........... 228
PART IV
RECORDS OF THE QUADRENNIUM
Minutes of Joint Meeting of the Executive and the Administrative
Committee, ;/December S19 24.r nn es bias de Og cian See 233
Minutes of Quadrennial Meeting, December 3-9, 1924.............. Pa Y
Report\of the Credentials; Committees. Yasue d. U8 ane eek eneen 271
Minutes of Meeting of Executive Committee, December 9, 1924.... 283
Digest of Minutes of Executive Committee during Quadrennium.... 284
Digest of Minutes of the Administrative Committee during 1924.... 302
Report of the: Board\of) Binancesaage tee Ohh na seo nr rene 324
Report of the Treasurer ...... AMIS ONE shored ei tin cle sidtcle Mewes CNP eo aa
APPENDICES
I. Act of Incorporation, Plan of Federation and By-Laws........ 343
{I, Personneljof' the Conncil os aewa cieae ek coe ee 350
PREFACE
e
HIS volume is an interpretation and a rec-
| ord of the work of the Federal Council
of the Churches of Christ in America from
1920-1924 as reviewed at the Quadrennial Meet-
ing of the Council at Atlanta, Ga., December
3-9, 1924. Taken in connection with the state-
ments made by other cooperating bodies, this re-
port is a most: important survey of the inter-
denominational movement in the Churches.
The material presented in Part I constitutes
an interpretation of the spirit and aims of the
federated Churches as presented by distinguished
speakers at the Atlanta meeting. It is greatly
regretted that limits of space forbid the printing
of more than a few of the many inspiring ad-
dresses and necessitate the printing of those few
in greatly abbreviated form.
Part II includes the official messages issued by
the Council. Part III consists of reports of the
various commissions of the Council, and Part IV
is a record of the proceedings.
het d's al Gon
CONSTITUENT BODIES
of the
FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
IN AMERICA
Created in 1908 by the official action of the denominations,
in order “more fully to manifest the essential oneness of the
Christian Churches of America in Jesus Christ as their divine
Lord and Saviour and to promote the spirit of fellowship,
service and cooperation among them.”
Northern Baptist Convention
National Baptist Convention
Free Baptist Churches
Christian Church
Churches of God in N. A.
(General Eldership)
Congregational Churches
Disciples of Christ
Friends
Evangelical Church
Evangelical Synod of N. A.
Methodist Episcopal Church
Methodist Episcopal Church,
South
African M. E. Church
African M. E. Zion Church
Colored M. E. Church in
America
Methodist Protestant Church
Moravian Church
Presbyterian Church in the
Presbyterian Church in the
U. S. (South)
Primitive Methodist Church
Protestant Episcopal Commis-
sion on Christian Unity and
Department of Christian So-
cial Service
Reformed Church in America
Reformed Church in U. S.
Reformed Episcopal Church
Seventh Day Baptist. Churches
United Brethren in Christ
United Presbyterian Church
United Lutheran Church (Con-
sultative Body)
PART I
THE SPIRIT AND IDEALS OF THE
FEDERATED CHURCHES
Wey a
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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ATLANTA
QUADRENNIAL
No one who has observed the life of the churches in
America during recent years can doubt that there is an en-
larging acquaintance across denominational lines, a deepening
trust among the denominations, a clearer consciousness of com-
mon purposes, and a greater readiness for cooperative service.
In the development of this new spirit the Federal Council of
the Churches of Christ in America has been an important
factor.
The Council owes its existence to the fact that there is
already a genuine spiritual unity among the evangelical
churches. Of this inner oneness the Council is simply the
outward expression. The Council grows in strength just in
proportion to the growth of the spirit of mutual understand-
ing and the recognition of common tasks among the churches.
For if Christians really feel and think together they will
desire to act together. Common experiences require common
expression. Common purposes call for common programs.
And to act together effectively the churches must have some
common agency; not an elaborate or highly centralized organi-
zation, but at least some simple body through which to mani-
fest to the world their unity of spirit. It was the recognition
of this truth that led twenty-eight denominations, sixteen
years ago, to create the Federal Council of the Churches of
Christ in America in order “to manifest the essential one-
ness of the Christian Churches of America in Jesus Christ as
their divine Lord and Savior.”
The task is not so much to create a spirit of unity—that
spirit already exists—as to provide for its more adequate ex-
pression, The existence of such an agency as the Federal
Council of the Churches, however, which seeks to manifest the
existing spirit of unity and trust among the denominations,
tends constantly to the enriching and deepening of that spirit.
By joining hand with hand in common tasks we come to a larger
mutual understanding and greater confidence in one another
and are thereby prepared for the further programs of coopera-
tion that lie ahead. When John Wesley said to a Christian
who belonged to another group than his own, “If thy heart
be as my heart give me thy hand,” he was voicing unconsciously
the purpose and spirit of the Federal Council of the Churches
and at the same time suggesting the way in which the largest
possible measure of fellowship and trust could be secured.
9
10 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
A Spiritual Question
It would be a mistake to think of the Federal Council of
the Churches as existing simply for the sake of greater effi-
ciency in work. Its significance is deeper, reaching down into
the spiritual realm. Each denomination has something to con-
tribute to the richness of our total apprehension of Christ and
His Church. Each denomination has something to learn from
the others. Our fullest vision of Christ will not come to us
apart from our sharing in the vision and the experience of
others. The corporate life of the whole is’ necessary to the
richness of life in each of the parts. For “there are diversities
of gifts, but the same Spirit. And there are diversities of min-
istrations, but the same Lord. ... For as the body is one,
and hath many members, and all the members of the body,
being many, are one body; so also is Christ... . And those
members of the body which we think to be less honorable, upon
these we bestow more abundant honor; and our uncomely
parts have more abundant comeliness. . . . And whether one
member suffer, all the members suffer with it ; or one member
is honored, all the members rejoice with it.”
It would be equally a mistake to overlook the practical ne
of such cooperation as is made possible through an organiza-
tion like the Federal Council. Each denomination is stronger
because of the support of the others, because of the lessons
learned from the others’ experience, because of the conscious-
ness of being a part of one great Christian movement.
“Not alone we conquer,
Not alone we fall;
In each gain or triumph,
Lose or triumph all.”
The increased power which might come to the churches and
their enlarged influence upon all the life of the world which
might come from their growing solidarity was fully recognized
by those who created the Federal Council when they declared
in its Constitution that one of its purposes is “to secure a
larger combined influence for the Churches of Christ in all
matters affecting the moral and social condition of the people
so as to promote the application of the law of Christ to every
relation of human life.”
The significance of the Federal Council, both from the
standpoint of advance toward larger unity and also from the
angle of practical service, was set in a clearer light by the
Quadrennial Meeting of the Council at Atlanta December 3-9.
The sessions were characterized by the presence of outstanding
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE QUADRENNIAL 11
leaders in each of the twenty-eight denominations, including
presiding officers of a dozen denominations, a score of bishops,
distinguished laymen and many other notable leaders in the
Christian life of the country.
What occupied their attention? Not differences of theolog-
ical view or of ecclesiastical polity, but great common tasks.
How to make Jesus Christ the Lord of every human life and
of all of life—this was the primary concern of all, and in that
concern they found themselves no longer separated groups but
members alike of the one family of Christ.
Great Common Tasks
The problem of Christianizing our race relationships was
especially to the fore. The question of cooperation, justice and
good will between the white and Negro peoples was discussed
with the utmost candor and sympathy. Outstanding Southern
leaders like Dr. M. Ashby Jones, of Atlanta, and Bishop Fred-
erick F. Reese, of Savannah, made eloquent appeals that in our
race relations Christ should be taken seriously. Negro leaders
like Bishop George C. Clement, of the African M. E. Zion
Church, and President John Hope, of Morehouse College, ex-
pressed with equal conviction the judgment that the one hope
for better relations between the races lies in the Churches
making earnest with the Christian Gospel. The world-wide
character of the racial problems of today was indicated by the
emphasis given to the necessity for reestablishing right rela-
tions with Japan after recent immigration act.
The meaning of the Gospel for our industrial, economic and
social life was clearly envisaged. The message on this subject
by Bishop Francis J. McConnell left no one in doubt as to
whether the Churches represented in the Council meant to
pursue a policy of dealing vigorously with the difficult prob-
lems involved. That these issues are of great complexity and
demand the most thorough study and wise judgment was recog-
nized, and enthusiastic approval was given to the enlarging
plans of the Council along the line of research as a means of
securing the information without which wise and effective
action is impossible. At no time was there any disposition
manifested to turn back from the effort to bring Christian
principles to bear upon every realm of human life. In the
words of Dr. Speer’s summary of what we have to learn from
the past four years, “The Churches must not be intimidated
from doing what they ought to do because of fear of making
mistakes or of doing what they ought not to do.”
The demand of the Christian conscience for ridding the
12 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
world of war and building up a Christian international life
was one of the most conspicuous notes of the session. The
platform for the Council in the international field, adopted
after extended discussion, calls for support of the Permanent
Court of International Justice, for the participation of the
United States in codifying and extending international law,
for the pacific settlement of every international dispute, and
for international agencies through which the combined moral
condemnation of the world can be brought to bear upon an
aggressor nation. A drastic reduction of armaments by all
nations is urged and “full, open and friendly relation between
the United States and the League of Nations, without com-
mitments which would involve us in the local politics of Euro-
pean or other nations.”
The international outreach of the Churches themselves was
symbolized by the presence of leaders of the Christian move-
ment in many other lands. Among the foreign representatives
who were in attendance were: Rev. A. K. Reischauer, of the
National Christian Council of Japan; Rev. Adolf Keller, of the
Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of
Europe, Zurich, Switzerland; Professor Julius Richter, of the
University of Berlin; Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Egypt; Rev.
H. G. Tucker, of the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil;
Rev. T. Albert Moore, representing the Joint Committee on
Church Union of Canada, and Sir Willoughby Dickinson, of
London, Honorary Secretary of the World Alliance for Inter-
national Friendship Through the Churches. Greetings and
messages by letter and cablegram were received from scores of
churches in all parts of the world.
The Spirit of Evangelism
Underlying the whole program and all the discussions of the
six-day meeting was an insistent emphasis upon the necessity
for the spirit of evangelism and of personal loyalty to Christ.
At noonday throughout the sessions a series of inspirational
meetings on “The Call to Personal Religion” was held, which
lifted the thinking of the Council above the details of organiza-
tion and administration into a deeply spiritual atmosphere.
Not only was it recognized that there is an urgent need for
greater attention by the Churches to the duty of direct evangel-
ism, but there was also a recognition that every phase of the
Church’s work must be infused with the evangelistic spirit
and ideal.
A pastor who attended the sessions of the Council as a dis-
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE QUADRENNIAL 13
interested observer summarized the significance of the gather-
ing in these discriminating words:
“The Atlanta meeting of the Federal Council of the Churches
leaves on one three clear impressions :
1. That Protestantism is now becoming a unit.
2. That the Churches. as represented in the Council, are
strong in the conviction that every phase of life, individual,
social. industrial, racial, economic. political and international.
must be subjected to the reign of Christ.
3. That American Protestantism is alive, daring and of large
vision.”
How has this measure of vital and practical unity come
about? Not through theoretical discussions as to differences
of faith and order. Not through abstract arguments about the
necessity for some complete merger. It has been the result of
placing the emphasis always and insistently upon cooperative
service. When the Churches face together the overwhelming
tasks laid upon them by the need of the world they discover
their underlying oneness of purpose and spirit, relegate their
little differences to a secondary place, and are ready to step
out together in programs of practical ministry. If there is one
lesson more than another to be learned from the experience of
the Churches as federated in the Council. it is that the path-
way to the larger unity which we seek lies through the field
of actual service in the spirit of Christ to human need. The
sure way of getting together is to work together on the basis
of such unity as we already have.
SAMUEL McCrea CAVERT.
THE INDIVISIBILITY OF THE CHURCH’S LIFE
By Ropert E, SPEER
President Federal Council of the Churches, 1920-1924
There is nothing in Christ that any one'communion can
monopolize. This is the outstanding impression that comes to
me as a result of close association with all the churches in the
Federal Council during the last four years. It is a sheer
impossibility to segregate any fresh discovery of Christ that
any one of our great Christian groups has made. If any
group has had a true insight into Christ and what He means
for human life, all have shared in that insight. If any one
writes a hymn that exalts Christ or writes a new devotional
book centering around Him, no one stops to inquire to what
denomination the author belongs.
We are coming toa common recognition of the elemental
unity of life and experience among the Churches. There is
no Presbyterian type of sin, with which only the Presbyterian
Church can deal. You cannot denominationalize sin. There
is just one kind of sin. And there is, accordingly, just one task,
elemental in its unity, before all the Churches, whatever their
names may be—the task of overcoming sin through the power
of their one Saviour and Lord.
We have come to a realization of this inner unity as our
Churches have been brought face to face with concrete tasks.
There is an indivisibility of our Christian reactions to any
great moral issue. Among the many recent evidences of this
none has been more striking than the response in all com-
munions to the Japanese Exclusion Act. The reactions among
the various Churches against such a racial discrimination were
identical. The public statements made by the Federal Council
were simply a gathering up of the judgment of all thoughtful
Christian groups.
Or take the resolutions on war adopted by almost all the
Christian bodies. If you erased the denominational names no
one could possibly tell which declaration came from which
body. The common convictions on the issue of war and peace
are a revelation of the community of mind among the Churches.
Other illustrations, equally convincing, of the indivisibility of
our Christian experience could be drawn from the attitude of
the Churches toward prohibition, their efforts to relieve the
suffering in the Near East, Russia and Central Europe, their
new experience in grappling with the problems of race, and in
many other fields of cooperative activity.
14
THE INDIVISIBILITY OF THE CHURCH’S LIFE 15
That there are difficult and delicate questions before the
Churches as they undertake to deal with great social and inter-
national questions cannot be denied. None is more difficult
and complex than the true function of the Church in its rela-
tion to issues which are also the concern of the State. But
the difficulties themselves are a unifying force, drawing the
Churches together in an effort to find together the right way,
as they cannot find it alone. Certainly the Churches must not
be intimidated from doing what they ought to do because of
fear of making mistakes or of doing what some think they
ought not to do.
There are forces that would like to keep the voice of the
Church from being heard. We ourselves may at times have
misgivings as to what the Church should do. But all our
questions as Churches finally reduce themselves to two. The
first concerns our relation to our common Head. How great
a Lord is Jesus Christ to be? Are there areas of life of which
He is not meant to be Lord? If so, then He is not the Lord
of all, as we had supposed. The whole of human life belongs
to Him and must be brought under His mastery. That is the
first issue on which we must be clear. ©
The second question has to do with the relation of our
Churches to one another. The problems which are faced in
the Federal Council are Church problems. They are issues
with which the Churches as Churches must deal. They are
questions on which the Churches must find a common mind
and in relation to which they must be able to fulfill their cor-
porate and indefeasible responsibilities. We have passed be-
yond the day when the Churches can delegate their responsi-
bilities to other agencies. We must grapple ourselves with
these momentous tasks, and in order to do so with power we
must develop a will to unity that will relegate to a secondary
place all details of polity and organization and draw the
Churches together in a growing oneness of spirit and purpose.
LIGHT FROM THE PAST FOR THE CHURCH
TODAY
By Rev. S. Parkes CADMAN
President of the Federal Council of the Churches
May we not dare to believe that we can yet discover the
foundations of a freedom which is expressed in unity; of a
_ catholicity which does not domineer over personal convictions
nor usurp intellectual integrity? This is, indeed, the task con-
fronting God’s statesmen today, and none can undertake it
who does not study our historic growth as communions of the
one world Church.
I can conceive no proceeding more detrimental to Protestant-
ism than the indulgence of useless eulogies or fictitious ambi-
tions emotionally stimulated, oblivious to the challenge of past
and present. Hence we are conservative of the precious de-
posit of our Faith, while at the same time we are freemen of
Christ, thoroughly persuaded that where He is there is liberty.
Hopefulness, forbearance, a more comprehensive charity, are
herein involved. At every point of retrospect and its challenge
we shall see the better prospect arising from the dying past,
the entwining of what has been with what is to be, the strange
fashion in which antagonistic opinions in the Church have
complemented each other.
The Ideal of Unity
The first challenge is that the light of an undivided Church
shall shine upon a torn and exhausted world. Too many re-
treat from our Lord’s ideal for the Church, not because they
look upon it as undesirable, but as impossible. Nevertheless,
its fulfillment is inevitable. If He wills her oneness, none can
withstand His will. The holiness of her membership is no
more vital than its unity in the Spirit and in the organic forms
which the Spirit shall ordain. When all believers are thus one
as the Son is one with the Father, the world will know that
He came forth from the Father. Then will the crying needs
of the race be met and its religious hunger appeased. We are
denominationalists, but within limits that do not forbid ex-
pansion. We are grateful for the manifest favor of God upon
our ancestral Churches. We are intent on maintaining their
specific contributions to the one Body of our Lord. The new
Protestantism cannot be legislated into being. It must grow
out of the old as the reaction from its vital impulses. It will
16
LIGHT FROM PAST FOR CHURCH TODAY We
thus absorb the historic sense of the traditional Churches,
blending their venerable gifts with those of the modern mind.
The discipline of Presbyterianism, the reverence of Anglican-
ism, the independence of Congregationalism, the intelligent
enthusiasm of Methodism, the religious education of Luther-
anism, the tranquility of the Friends, the democracy of the
Baptists and the contributions of other groups are one and all
tokens in us of God’s indwelling, many-sided wisdom. They
feed the Gospel’s lamp with beaten oil, so that its rays illuminate
diversified human temperaments and conditions. But the Life-
principle, which vivifies and transmutes them into something
better, should dominate all these types. God must be honored
and men must be saved by the inclusiveness, the firmness and
the flexibility of our faith.
Light from the Apostolic Church
Protestantism today is challenged by the noble example of
the evangelizing zeal of the Apostolic Churches. A second
golden age waits upon our absolute abandonment to the exam-
ple of these earlier disciples and their successors. We are wont
to insist that Protestantism is the offspring of their purer
faith. Let us at least be consistent and cease from armchair
or pulpit claims till we have re-enacted the Apocalypse of those
who, seeing all souls regenerate in Christ, revolutionized history
when Pagan intellectualism and its political jurisdiction were
at their meridian. The Christian sense of sufficiency and superi-
ority made the Church of the Fourth Century visible to all
men as a divine creation, whose ministry reached from the
Euphrates in the East to Hadrian’s Wall in the West. They
carried eras of salvation in their hearts and empires of grace
in their brains. They forced the proudest social sovereignty
to bow to the reign of the Crucified One. Though this al-
legiance was adulterated, it was a vast improvement on the
loyalties it supplanted.
An admonitory phase of the Apostolic communions is per-
missible. One by one they lost their first love and drifted into
barren controversies or fanatical groups. Though called and
chosen at the dawn of the world’s eternal light, they quit the
field before the fight was won. These holy fellowships of
Asia Minor, whose very names are in all men’s ears, to which
the epistles of the New Testament were originally sent, are
now extinct. Their candlesticks have been removed from be-
fore the sapphire throne. Their fate warns us that every
branch must not only be grafted into the Vine and be filled
with its celestial juices; it must also bear fruit or be cut down.
18 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Light from the Mediaeval Church
When the great figures of the Middle Ages pass in review—
pontiffs like Hildebrand, preachers like St. Bernard, thinkers
like St. Thomas, saints like St. Francis—we should not gloat
over their errors, but heed their ideals. They dramatized the
Faith in the social life of their time, so that it became vivid
and real to all ranks and conditions of men. Above everything
else, sacerdotalists though they were to a man, they brought a
foul and turbulent feudalism to its knees before the Cross.
It is as though they said to us in this day of contentions and
irreligion: “You are the heirs of our supposedly irrational
age who enjoy, as you declare, the light of Sinai and Calvary
in an effulgence withheld from us. For the sake of God and
the Brotherhood, let it shine. By its searching, expose the
militarism which threatens to sink your social order in a sea
of blood. Curb the chauvinists who run amuck as we curbed
predacious barons and monarchs who wrecked our peace.
Breathe into the countless inventions of your gigantic indus-
trial machinery the spirit which enabled our guild workmen to
put themselves into the product of their toil. Restore to the
Kingdom of our Eternal Father the glories of imagination,
literature, art and architecture. What science, what beauty,
what goodness we had we consecrated to Him. From you, to
whom so much more of these bounties has been given, He
requires proportionately more.
The World’s Need for Light
As those who hold that Christian truth is summed up in
Christ’s person, Christian character in His example, Christian
morality in His teaching, we have to ask, what shall be the
attitude of the Church toward economics, secularism, war?
These are some of the chief problems before us.
Concerning economics, the debate would be clarified if the
Christian spirit of amity and moderation were injected into it.
Capitalists are not all “bloated spiders of hell,” nor all workers
conspirators against public welfare. Ownership is not an un-
forgivable sin, nor profitable commerce a blight upon humanity.
The growth of the social conscience, the increased self-respect
of every sort of worker, the determination in certain circles
that the Golden Rule shall take the place of some dubious and
other infamous maxims that hitherto have governed economics
are exceedingly healthy symptoms. The Church believes in the
steady elevation of the economic order. She also believes that
LIGHT FROM PAST FOR CHURCH TODAY 19
by its very nature it is and must remain subordinate to spiritual
realities and that human values are to be supreme.
Concerning secularism, she records her witness that what-
ever in the totality of human affairs cannot be related to the
teaching of Jesus is injurious. The Western nations are pecu-
liarly susceptible to this drift from the unseen and eternal.
The present plight of the Western world, without a major
poet, philosopher or master artist, bespeaks its inmost im-
potence. Much thinking on these issues is abortive. It stresses
nationalism as the assessor of the human struggle and indi-
viduality as only so much available stuff for the apotheosis of
the State. It insists that a country’s substance, expansion and
pride are the articles of an infallible creed to be implicitly
accepted by the people. If among non-Christians you can find
superstitions more inimical to progress than those which would
make us puppets of a soulless State, I wish you would name
them. Those who resent these insolent assumptions may be
sure that the New Testament sustains them.
Numerous cliques deplore the fact that religion is more in-
terested in defeating the real devil of armed conflict than in
minding what they call “its own business.” What, may one
ask, is religion’s business, if war upon war cannot be so
defined? Who has the obligation to resist armed violence if
we do not? Who, again, can ponder the political courses run
by the pre-war world without a sense of inexpressible shame
and repugnance?
Nor will there be any improvement of the conditions which
cause war until the Church has rediscovered her unity in a
crusade against it. Some are so far ahead in their protest as
to be nearly out of sight of a practical eye. You may urge
that they ignore realities and therefore cannot hope to exercise
any influence over them. I am, nevertheless, of the opinion
that the radical wing of pacifism is doing a needed service for
both Church and State. The advance guard sees the end
from the beginning; they seize and hold aloft the splendid
vision of peace which belongs to the Mount of Light. We
cannot afford to rebuke them and leave dangerous and mis-
leading chatter about “preparedness” free to circulate.
Here is a supreme opportunity to win the respect and confi-
dence of alienated millions. Nay, more! Here is an acid
test of the Churches as a federated social force. Can they so
present in themselves and impress upon the political State the
incontrovertible advantages of reason over physical supremacy
and of righteousness over armed might as to subdue the preju-
20 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
dices and hates of mankind and the militaristic dogmas de-
rived from them?
God arranges the chronometry of our spirits so that their
striking hours, however delayed by thousands of silent mo-
ments, shall summon us to let His light shine. The hour has
struck for the condemnation of war. What is our response?
Are we to trim; to look upon nailing our colors to the mast
as a bit of delusive heroics? Or are we to believe that any
action we take cannot but be right if, in the presence of a
lower principle, it follows a higher? To do otherwise denies
the living God in our midst. Across the tumults of the times
we hear His word, which is the response to our adventure in
His cause: “Arise, shine, for thy light is come and the glory
of the Lord has risen upon thee.”
THE SPIRITUAL VALUE OF COOPERATION
By Pror. C. B. WILMER
University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn.
In order to base what I have to say on the eternal truth of
God, let me begin by quoting what St. John says in his first
epistle. First of all, we have the message: “God is light and
in Him is no darkness at all. If we say that we have fellow-
ship with Him and walk in darkness, we lie and do not tell
the truth.”
What it is to walk in darkness is told us in another place in
the same epistle: ““He that sayeth he is in the light and hateth
his brother, is in the darkness even until now . . . and walketh
in darkness and knoweth not whither he goeth.”
But, “if we walk in the light as He is in the light,” two
things follow.
1. The first is, we have fellowship one with another.
There can be no such thing as full and genuine fellowship
with God if we have not fellowship one with another. And
“Hereby know we that we have passed from death unto life
because we love one another.” That is only a partial and
impure loyalty to any cause which does not involve and spon-
taneously long for fellowship and cooperation with other de-
votees of the same cause. Self-love has somewhere taken the
place of love of the cause, be it art or love of country or of
the Kingdom of God.
Or else, the cause is too narrowly interpreted, as it is when
THE SPIRITUAL VALUE OF COOPERATION 21
one’s ideal is individual salvation instead of the kingdom and
righteousness of God or the promotion of one’s own denomina-
tion.
And it is just when we try to live as we pray—for the com-
ing of the Kingdom of God—that the real practical meaning
of fellowship comes to light. I raise no controversial question
concerning matters purely ecclesiastical when I say that the
Church of Christ should strive, or, if you like, the disciples
of Christ together should strive for the doing of the will of
the Father on earth as it is in heaven.
“If we walk in the light as He is in the light we have fellow-
ship one with another.” That is the first consequence.
2. But there is another consequence: “The blood of Jesus
Christ cleanseth us from all sin.”
Again, I have no desire to tread on anybody’s theological or
religious toes, nor do I raise any question concerning the sal-
vation of those individuals who assure us that the blood of
Jesus Christ has already cleansed them personally from all
sin. I only desire to point out that our Lord, in the night in
which He was betrayed, took a cup of wine and, giving it to
His disciples to drink, spoke of it as the blood of the covenant,
the blood which was shed for the remission of sins. You may
put any interpretation you think true on one aspect of these
much controverted words. There is another aspect of them
which, it seems to me, does not admit of controversy, and that
is that somehow or other the remission of sins is more than a
purely individual matter; that there is some connection between
forgiveness and fellowship, fellowship with one another in
Christ.
And this idea receives corroboration from the words of the
beloved disciple, who was there and closest to the heart of
the Master and has preserved for us some spiritual lessons
connected with that awful and blessed night, not given by the
synoptics.
One is: “That ye should love one another; as I have loved
you, that ye also should love one another.” And the other is
that, “If we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have
fellowship one with another,” and (then) “the blood of Jesus
Christ, His Son, cleanseth us from all sin.”
Mayhap the isolated individual believer cannot be cleansed
from all sin so long as he keeps to himself. And did not the
Master say also: “Where two or three are gathered together
in my name (two being the smallest number of persons that
can gather), there am I in the midst of them”?
22 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Man is not only an individual; he is also a social being.
Even on the natural plane, a man cannot be himself by him-
self ; and a good man who is not a good citizen is a contradic-
tion in terms. |
A child who lives to himself finds a certain adjustment
necessary when he goes out to play with other children. There
are certain faults of egotism and narrowness that cannot be
cured, and there are certain virtues, such as team play and
regard for the rights and feelings of others, that cannot be
acquired except in fellowship and playing the game together.
The man who lives to himself and thinks by himself becomes
peculiar; not quite normal; what we call a “crank.”
And does not all this hold true in spiritual matters? Can
a man be a full-orbed Christian in isolation? My own observa-
tion is that many Christians become worse than they were
before conversion, in some respects; more difficult to get along
with; more certain of their own infallibility. It is a relief to
get away from their presence and associate for a while with
just an ordinary, good-natured sinner—if you know what
I mean.
Now apply this to the Church as a whole. The develop-
ment of normal, well-rounded, full-orbed Christians requires
their association together, not merely to pray and sing hymns
together on Sundays, but to go out and work together the rest
of the week for the Kingdom of God in the world, for getting
“righteousness, peace and joy in the Spirit” into all human
relationships.
It is the realization of that which created and sustains this
organization of the Federal Council of the Churches.
If any one denomination, Methodist or Episcopalian, thinks
itself capable of bringing in the Kingdom all by itself, all it
has to do is to try it, to learn its mistake.
Of course, no denomination thinks itself big enough for
that task. The trouble lies elsewhere; in a false or inadequate
conception and vision of what the Church is in the world for.
If the Church is here only to provide safe transit for certain
individuals from this world to another—to be what someone
has called ‘a post-mortem emigration society’—that is one
thing. There is then no basic reason why Christians should
form themselves into groups unless they want to. The Church
has nothing to do with their salvation. But the moment we
THE SPIRITUAL VALUE OF COOPERATION 23
realize that the Church of the living God is in the world to
put over the Kingdom of God, the absurdity of sheer indi-
vidualism or of isolated and independent denominationalism,
each sufficient to itself, becomes apparent.
I am not discussing the question whether there ought to be
any denominations. I am only saying that no denomination is
or can be in a healthy and wholesome condition that does not
work for the Kingdom outside in the world, bringing not
merely individuals to God in Christ, but society itself to the
standards of Christ.
In the present divided state of Christendom two things seem
possible and necessary: one is the work of this or some similar
association, the other is that in every community Christians
should get together to apply the principles of Christ to the
secular as well as religious life of the community and of the
world.
The specific spiritual benefits that come to the workers from
such association may be briefly summed up in some such way
as this: Gain in breadth of sympathy and a broader grasp of
truth from many angles, learning how, first, to put up with
one another, then to understand and appreciate one another,
and finally to love one another. In a word, such co-laborers
with God come gradually and more and more into a realiza-
tion of what fellowship in the Kingdom means; not fellow-
ship in one denomination; not even fellowship in the Church
of God itself, but fellowship and cooperation in the Kingdom
of God, in the Basileia, which is greater than the Church, the
Ecclesia, and for which the Church exists.
WHAT CHURCH COOPERATION MEANS
| TO A LAYMAN
By M. M. Daviss, or ATLANTA
What I have to say is in the nature of a testimony and,
being a Methodist, I feel quite at home in a testimony meeting.
Now a testimony usually includes a confession, and in this also
I am experienced. Brought up in a Methodist parsonage, |
was converted and joined the Church while young, but until
I was twenty-four I belonged to that vast multitude in the
Churches which we call “nominal Christians’”—paradoxical
name. A more correct description would be “professing but
not practicing Christianity.”
About thirty-five years ago I made a complete surrender of
myself to the Master—as complete as I knew how to make,
and, although exceedingly timid, I promised to undertake to
do any work of any kind whatsoever that was required of me;
not to succeed but to try—and I have not consciously broken
this pledge. And so it came about that when an evangelistic
club composed of laymen of all denominations was organized
in Atlanta I did not refuse to be its first president. When the
Atlanta Committee on Church Cooperation passed a resolution
making the president of the evangelistic club a member of the
Committee, I did not shirk what seemed to be a duty.
During the following months, as a result of these inter-
denominational contacts, of these united forces for service, of
Christian fellowship—than which there is no sweeter joy on
earth—I began to realize the narrowness, the bigotry of de-
nominationalism and the value of cooperation.
There were many conditions in this city in need of improve-
ment—a task too large for any one Church group and demand-
ing the aid of every Christian. And these men, loyal to Christ,
working in His cause, were not just Methodists, but many
denominations.
Heretofore I had not realized the narrowness of my view;
my work had been for the Methodist Church and that Church
was a part of my being. It had simply not occurred to me
that possibly any other Church might also be right. If I
learned the Baptists or the Presbyterians had a fine meeting
with many uniting with the Church, did my heart thrill with
joy? Not a bit of it. I regretted that people preferred to
join any but my Church and marvelled that they should do so.
24
WHAT CHURCH COOPERATION MEANS TO A LAYMAN 25
and the question in my thoughts was, “Why take such a
chance when there is a sure way?”
I know now that the God I worshipped was the God of the
Methodist Church—yes and Southern at that! I hoped I was
a Christian; I knew I was a Methodist. I am reminded of the
story of a little Atlanta girl from a home of wealth and culture
who went home from Sunday-school one day greatly dis-
turbed. “Mother,” she said, “the teacher said that Jesus was
a Jew! He wasn’t, Mother, was he?’ The mother gently ex-
plained. After a few moments of perplexity the girl said,
“Well, I do not see how Jesus can be a Jew, when God is a
Presbyterian.” Most of us would deny that attitude in our
thinking, but do not our lives betray it?
The coming of His Kingdom is delayed because His fol-
lowers are in so many separated groups. When some day we
cease to emphasize our own group, and with united hearts and
purposes work at the common task, then Christ’s purpose will
come to pass, His great commission given to men will be ful-
filled, and that speedily.
The richest, most blessed experiences of my life have been
in connection with the Committee on Church Cooperation;
the intimate fellowship of the brethren, lay and clerical, shar-
ing the same burden of responsibility and the same sorrow
over existing conditions, the same disappointments, criticisms
and problems. Loving each other, giving of our best, we have
come into a wonderful realization of the brotherhood of men
of every creed and color and of the blessedness of Church
cooperation.
And now I long that all men should see it as I do.
HOW THE FEDERAL COUNCIL CAN BEST SERVE
THE CHURCHES
I. By Proressor THORNTON WHALING
Moderator of the Last General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church
in the United States
Evangelism stands in the forefront as the Church’s main
and supreme mission, and the Federal Council is serving all the
highest and holiest interests in giving evangelism the most
commanding place in its program and policies. The Churches
expect the Federal Council to continue this wise and aggressive
insistence on evangelism with increasing emphasis, vision and
initiative.
Second only to evangelism in the mission of the Church is
the great task of educating, training and developing the chil-
dren of God, until they attain the “measure of the stature of
the fullness of Christ.’”’ Education is the great word here and
all the Churches represented in the Council have recognized
over and over again their bounden duty and responsibility in
this measureless field, of training God’s children for the service
of God’s Son and Kingdom and Church and world. These
Churches expect the Federal Council to continue the stimu-
lating, inspiring and constructive program, which it always has
furnished, to aid in this vast and important work. No careful
student of Church-training, education or efficiency can afford
to ignore the invaluable contributions to these causes made by
this Council.
At the present the Federal Council is an invaluable and in-
dispensable aid. It is not a Church court enjoining the con-
science and commanding obedience. The Council can scarcely
be construed as a pulpit from which a prophet or preacher
fulminates or thunders with a ‘Thus saith the Lord,” for all
the counsel which it gives the individual Christian in these
vast realms of business, industry or politics, diplomacy or inter-
national relations. I have always regarded this Council as a
body of Christian brethren who have come together to study
as Christians, in the exercise of the right and duty of private
judgment, the great question, how are the ethics of Jesus, the
teaching of God’s word, the ideals of the Kingdom to be applied
to the social order, that is to the whole of life, business, poli-
tics, social relations and every point where one human life
touches another.
Its functions, therefore, are purely advisory and helpful, not
in the way of magisterial or lordly prescription, but of broth-
26
HOW FEDERAL COUNCIL CAN BEST SERVE CHURCHES 27
erly counsel, advice and agreement. In the present divided
condition of Christendom the only certain method of securing
such an assembly of Christian disciples for joint study and
counsel, in the hope of reaching a consensus of view which
will be practically influential, is for the different Churches to
appoint representatives to this Council, which exists for the
purpose I have attempted to describe.
_ Let the good work go on. I believe this Council is an in-
creasingly valuable factor in our American life and in the
work of our American Churches. As a Christian man and
citizen I thank God most devoutly for the help and counsel this
body has given me in deciding my duties as a citizen and man
in a world where there are thrust upon me every day problems
economic, racial, political and international, upon which I
need all the light I can find.
May the time never come when any of the Churches united
in this great enterprise withdraws from it to a narrowness
and isolation which will bring its own penalty of spiritual
decrease and moral littleness.
II. By Rev. Rockweti H. Potter
Moderator, National Council of Congregational Churches
The denominations ought to want the Federal Council to
be a means of the expression of the unity which they ought
to feel as existing beneath them all and through them all and
above and beyond them all. They have need first of all to
realize this unity themselves.
The divisive and sectarian spirit that expresses itself in
competitive rivalries has too long been the scandal of Ameri-
can Christianity. We must become conscious of our fellow-
ship in the heritage of faith, The Federal Council must help
us to gain this consciousness and then become the means of
the expression of it to ourselves and to the world.
The growth of secret organizations confessing Christian
purposes and seeking to effect them by un-Christian methods
and so defeating the very purposes they seek, is a nemesis
upon the free Churches of America, resulting from their fail-
ure to realize their essential unity and the resulting failure
to give any adequate expression to that unity.
The denominations ought to want the Federal Council to
lead them in finding and undertaking those Christian tasks in
our country and in the world which the denominations cannot
accomplish unless they undertake them together. For the
most part the commissions of the Council and its committees
28 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
are now engaged in this very work. If the denominations
really did want this desirable thing accomplished the Council
would never need to halt or falter or faint in its good and
worthy tasks. : |
Such are the things which the denominations ought to want
of the Council, and which representative men and women of
these denominations do want. Let us hope that a steadily
increasing number of the people, the lay folk and the pastors
and officials, the youth and the men and women, may earnestly
want the things they ought to want and seek the things they
ought to seek, and do the things they ought to do in and through
the Council as the servant of all free Churches for the sake
of the Kingdom of God.
III. By HonorasLte Cary E. MILLIKEN
President of the Northern Baptist Convention; formerly Governor
of Maine
If our civilization is to hold together under the increasing
strains imposed by material prosperity, the character of our
average citizen must show the capacity for service and self-
denial which can only be produced by the Christian religion.
Never was there greater interest in Christianity on the part
of those outside the Church. The time is ripe for a great
revival of religion. Under God’s grace the Federal Council’s
Commission on Evangelism may well be one of the instru-
ments which will hasten its arrival.
The Churches are agreed that war is unchristian and in-
effectual as a means of settling international disputes. I have
little patience with the propaganda which seeks to prevent war
by pledging individuals to refuse cooperation with their gov-
ernments in the event of war. The attempt to prevent war by
this method is like seeking to dam Niagara by throwing pebbles
on the brink of the cataract. The next great war must be
prevented before it is started. The Churches are the custo-
dians and trustees upon this earth of the only force that will
prevent war by substituting love for hatred, goodwill for suspi-
cion, brotherhood for bitterness, in the lives of human beings,
and so in the policies of nations. How great this responsibility
is, not only for the spiritual welfare of humanity but for the
very physical structure of civilization, it is impossible to over-
estimate.
An important function of the Federal Council is its service
to denominations and individual Churches as a clearing house
for dissemination of useful information. The Research De-
HOW FEDERAL COUNCIL CAN BEST SERVE CHURCHES 29
partment might well consider further expansion of its activities
in the direction of preparing and furnishing to the constit-
uency accurate and up-to-date information regarding present-
day projects of the Church, and inspiring examples of achieve-
ments by local Churches or federations.
Pastors, seminary students and all Christians should know
of the present-day achievements of the Church. They should
not only know about the Hittites, Hivites, and Jebusites, but
they should also get acquainted with the progress of Chris-
tianity among the Detroit-ites the Chicago-ites and the Den-
ver-ites.
EVANGELISM AND EDUCATION INSEPARABLE
By Rev. Henry H. Sweets
Secretary of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church in the U. S.
Evangelism—making Christ effectively known to men—is the
extensive work of the Church. Education—training for Christ
and His service—is the intensive work of the Kingdom.
These two duties are clearly set forth in God’s Word. The
great Teacher sent from God who said, “Go preach,” said also
“Go teach.” One of the chief qualifications of the divinely
appointed leader is “apt to teach.” Luke in his gospel tells of
“all that Jesus began both to do and to teach.” Of the early
disciples it is said, ‘““They ceased not to teach and to preach
Jesus Christ.”
Evangelism without education leads to superstition and
fanaticism. Education without the warmth of evangelism
passes into cold formalism and skepticism. The two are united
in the thought of God. They must be kept together in the
work of men. To neglect either is to limit the usefulness and
imperil the life of the Church. “What God hath joined to-
gether let no man put asunder.”
Christianity a Teaching Religion
Christianity has always been a teaching religion. Jesus
Christ has become the Head Master of the world. All true
advance in pedagogy has proved to be really an approach to
the method and spirit of His teaching. Paul the great scholar
reveals not only marvelous ability as a preacher, but con-
summate skill as a teacher. All through the early ages the
Church handed on the torch of learning. Luther, Melancthon,
Calvin and the long line of their successors appreciated the
teaching function of the Church and with diligence and self-
30 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST.
denial taught and organized institutions of learning. The his-
torian Bancroft speaks of John Calvin as the father of the
public schools.
Our forefathers, driven to these shores by their high ven-
eration for the Christian religion and desiring to perpetuate
its spirit and aims, planted the school hard by the church. Of
the first nine colleges established in those early days, eight
were erected by the Church. As late as 1860, only seventeen
of the two hundred and forty-six colleges were state institu-
tions. |
A Serious Problem
A great problem, not yet solved, presented itself at the very
inception of education under the direction of the State. This
became apparent when the doctrine of the separation of Church
and State was enunciated in the constitution of the Republic.
Gradually this principle was interpreted to mean that religion
should have no place in the tax-supported schools of America.
The fallacy and harm of this was seen by many in both Church
and State. Daniel Webster contended that to the three R’s
should be added a fourth, Religion.
Not many years ago, Dr. Paul Munroe, in his History of
Education, said:
“The complete secularization of schools has led to the complete
exclusion of religious elements in public education and the very gen-
eral exclusion of the study or even the use of the Bible and of all
religious literature. Thus the material that a few generations ago
furnished the sole content of elementary education is now entirely
excluded and the problem of religious education is presented. Little
attempt at solution is being made and little interest seems to be
aroused. The problem for the public school teachers comes to be
quite similar to that presented by the Greek philosophers, to produce
character through an education that is dominantly rational and that
excludes the use of the supernatural or religious element. For our
schools we have definitely rejected revealed religion as a basis of
morality, and seek to find a sufficient basis in the development of
rationality in the child. Thus one most important phase of education
is left to the Church and the home, neither of which is doing much to
meet the demand.”
It is useless to deny the fact. There has been one saving
element—thousands of the teachers in our schools, high schools
and universities, have been devoted Christian women and men.
There has radiated from them the spirit of Jesus Christ. Their
lives have testified to the power of His gospel.
Causes for Concern in the Nation
Because of the sad neglect of the religious element in edu-
cation we have in our land conditions that have awakened
EVANGELISM AND EDUCATION INSEPARABLE 31
the serious concern of all thoughtful men and women. Our
people have become educated but there is an awful break-
down in character. We have taught subjects, but have failed
to develop the moral life. We have trained the head and the
hand, but have neglected the heart. We have given myriads
of courses and innumerable facts about material things, but
have failed to teach the things of the Spirit. We have taught
the facts of life and how to make a living, but have not put
the youth in touch with the Source of life nor helped them dis-
cover the real meaning of living.
Fifteen years ago, Mr. Edward O. Sisson described the sit-
uation in America: “Increased demand upon character and
diminished care for the cultivation of character.” He added
this warning: “So far as we know, history has no instance
of a national character built up without the aid of religious
instruction, or of such character surviving the decay of re-
ligion. The final question regarding education is whether it
avails to produce the type of character required by the Re-
public and the race.” Education is a unitary process. It can-
not neglect the heart, the conscience, the will, and produce
the best results. Only religion can reach and successfully con-
trol the deep well-springs of man’s being.
The schools are now literally crowded with their enriched
curricula. The change in the social and economic condition
of the home, new knowledge in the field of science, of indus-
try and of commerce, and the demands upon the physical,
intellectual, practical and social life of the day have caused
the educators to feel that none of the interests of life are
beyond their responsibility. They argue wisely that educa-
tion is not preparation for life, but life itself. The field of
their endeavors covers all the areas of human life. All—
except the deepest and most fundamental of all the interests
of the soul. In such a crowded schedule, the Church has little
opportunity to impart and the child has little capacity to re-
ceive the needed religious training.
When every other interest receives such careful attention,
the student is apt to conclude that religion is of minor im-
portance. The neglect of its place and sphere, sometimes un-
consciously on the part of educators, produces this impression.
That is a wonderfully suggestive cartoon in the Memphis
Commercial Appeal of recent date. Ona table are a number
of large volumes—‘‘Modern Education,” “Art,” “Literature,”
“Philosophy,” etc. In the center is an old-fashioned tallow
candle (marked “Our Spiritual Development’’), almost burned
out, giving forth but a pale and flickering light. Underneath
32 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
the suggestive picture are the words, “The lamp by which
we read.”
Causes for Concern in the Church
There are thousands of educators in America who have not
bowed the knee to any false god. They are sincere, humble,
devoted followers of the Lord Jesus Christ. They see the
danger, they appreciate the lack in our education, they are
carefully seeking a remedy. There is one element that renders
the case almost hopeless to some of them—the division in the
Church. They see not one, united, conquering Church, but
fifty weak, divided Churches. The Church must face this
fact, for to many it is an insurmountable problem. In many
recent books, on hundreds of pages, you will find scores of
other remedies suggested while in a few paragraphs reference
will be made to religion, and this powerful agency dismissed
with a mere statement of the fact that it is impossible to use
the Church in America because of its divisions.
Much of this is more apparent than real. Protestantism will
always allow the freedom of the individual conscience. If all
the Churches were brought together to-night in one great or-
ganic whole, in a short time there might be cleavage on other
lines. Until a few years ago the schools and colleges were
listed as “sectarian,” “non-sectarian” and “state” institutions.
No longer is this done by the United States Bureau of Educa-
tion. No real college is now sectarian in its spirit, method or
curriculum. |
There is much more brotherly love and comity and coopera-
tion among the divisions of the Church than the world knows.
The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America
bears eloquent testimony to this. If each division, looking
after its own recruiting, replacements, provisioning, drilling
and inspiring its rank and file, keeps its face towards the
enemy and cheers and inspires and helps the other divisions in
its own sector of the battlefield, fighting ignorance, supersti-
tion and sin, helping the weak, reclaiming the fallen, leading
the world back to God, little loss may be sustained. In this
way, too, the breaches will be healed and almost imperceptibly
may we discover a united, compact Church of the living God.
Calls for Action
The Church must awake out of its sleep. It must perform
its own God-given task more thoroughly.. It must lend the
full measure of its united help to the home and to the school.
The home must be more seriously impressed with its incom-
EVANGELISM AND EDUCATION INSEPARABLE 33
parable task. The instruction in the home is of vital impor-
tance. The spirit there inculcated will abide. A nation cannot
rise higher than its homes. What is primarily needed is not
the adjustment of the child to its environment but the adjust-
ment of parent, child and home to the ideals of Jesus Christ.
This means a real revolution in the social and business life of
many a church member.
The Church should be made to minister more adequately to
the spiritual needs of its youth. It should be a place of wor-
ship and of instruction. The whole hour should be filled with
real messages concerning the unseen realities which will reach
the heart and inspire the life of the worshippers. The prayers,
the reading, the message from the Bible, and the songs should
all converge on this end.
The Church should give more careful attention to education
through the expressional activities of its members. Christian-
ity is a religion of works and of fruits. “Wherefore by their
fruits,” said Jesus Christ, “ye shall know them.” It is not a
mere intellectual assent to the claims of Christ. It is a “faith
that worketh by love.” “If any man wills to do God’s will, he
shall know.”
The Sunday-school should be taken more seriously and its
work made more efficient. All the churches are now giving
most careful study to this problem and larger plans are being
made for the future. The short period of time for instruction,
the meeting of the classes only once a week, the problem of
untrained and ofttimes overworked teachers, the lack of co-
operation on the part of the home and the poor equipment for
the work are some of the handicaps under eich the church
school now seeks to do its work.
The week-day school of religion is finding favors in many
towns and cities. Those who are watching the effort are con-
vinced that large numbers of public school authorities will
gladly give the pupils of the schools and high schools two hours
a week for instruction in religion by the churches. The great
problem will be found in securing suitable, trained teachers.
If academic credit is given for this study, academic work must
be done. There will be a constant danger that the work may
drift into the hands of those dominated by the purely profes-
sional spirit and method, whose attitude will not touch the
spirit of the student.
The daily vacation Bible school is utilizing the gifts of many
college men and women during the vacation period and is giv-
ing religious instruction to some who otherwise would be
spiritually destitute.
34 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Already great progress has been made in ministering to the
spiritual needs of the youth at the State institutions of higher
education. The plan is to provide a normal church at the seat
of the university with an attractive and trained pastor. Unless
a student is kept in touch with organized Christianity during
the four formative years of his university life a chasm so deep
and so broad may develop between him and the Church that it
may never be bridged. At many universities ‘schools of re-
ligion,” conducted jointly by various denominations, are giving
courses in Bible and in religion and are receiving the cordial
support of the university authorities. At most of these centers
the various churches, Christian associations and the university
administration are patiently studying the needs and oppor-
tunities and are cooperating in a fine spirit in working out a
solution.
The church colleges and seminaries have seen with clearness
the great problem of which we are speaking and have rendered
valuable assistance. During all these years theirs has been the
voice crying in the wilderness. They have sent out thousands
of trained Christian preachers and teachers. They have not
only ministered directly to all the fields of education, but have
given a steadying influence to other institutions of learning.
Some of the great presidents of the State universities are today
making the strongest pleas for the church colleges. Notable
among these is President W. O. Thompson, of the Ohio State
University, who recently said: “The church college, properly
equipped and endowed, has the supreme call and the supreme
opportunity of the hour.” The Church will neglect these insti-
tutions at the peril not only of its well-being, but of its very
life. They must be better equipped to send forth the teachers
of religion so greatly needed in the homes, the Church and
public schools, high schools, teachers’ colleges, church colleges
and State universities.
Several years ago President Hadley of Yale said: “I do
not believe you are going to make the right kind of citizen
by a godless education and then adding in religion afterward.
The idea is wrong. Education and religion must go hand in
hand.” In that notable book by Dr. W. H. P. Faunce, “The
Educational Ideal in the Ministry,” you will find this clear
call to this most important and fundamental task: “Here, then,
is our national peril—that the supremely important task of our
generation will fall between Church and State and be ignored
by both. The Church may say, ‘Education is no longer in our
hands; the State may say, ‘On all religious matters we are
silent.’ Thus millions may grow up—are actually growing up
EVANGELISM AND EDUCATION INSEPARABLE 35
in America today—without any genuine religious training. It
is time, therefore, for Church and school to cooperate, as army
and navy cooperate, in defense of our common country.”
Can we do it? Will we meet this challenge? It is a task
difficult enough to call forth man’s largest abilities and to drive
him back to the limitless resources of the living God.
THE SOCIAL TASK OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA
By Bisnor Francis J. McConneii
We have almost come to the place where we have ceased to
talk about the contradiction between the social and the indi-
vidual gospel. Truly understood, there is no contradiction and
hardly any distinction. We cannot have individuals outside of
society, for society is made up of individuals. What the Chris-
tian social effort means is that we are trying to seize the social
forces for the saving of individuals.
It is the duty of the Church to see the actual contradiction
in the world between the ideals proclaimed by Christ and the
facts as we find them. Everybody admits our right to pro-
claim the Christian social ideal, yet we sometimes wonder if a
Church has the right to look the social facts squarely in the
face and.to deal with the facts as it sees them. I do not think
that is a very dangerous doctrine to teach, that the Church has
a right to look the facts squarely in the face. Of course, some
say that preachers have not this right of scrutinizing social
facts because they have had no practical experience. No right,
for example, to pass on industrial problems because they are
not engineers; no right to estimate social conditions because
they are not trained statisticians. Well, I do not know any
body of men on earth better able to estimate the human work-
ings of industry than the pastors, who are going in and out of
the homes of workers and seeing conditions every day; they
see industry on the human side, and that is what we are pro-
foundly interested in.
Moreover, we have to remember we are living under an
industrial system that needs criticism all the time, and is safe
only as it is criticised and progressively modified. It is not the
business of the Church to stand for any social doctrine as such,
but it must know the industrial situation, and over against the
capitalistic view on the one hand, and the socialistic view on
the other, stand for human ideals and keep them in the fore-
most place, with equal justice rebuking the one as well as the
other when either sins against the ideal. But let us remember
36 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
we do live under a capitalistic system and we breathe its air.
Why should we not be unsparing in dealing with it? It is the
fact that a man is usually working with a set of assumptions
he has not analyzed that carries the possibility of danger. If
he looks these assumptions in the face and recognizes that he
is making them and sees that we are living under a capitalistic
system the danger will be partly removed.
There is not very much attempt at direct control of the
Church by capitalistic forces, but we are shaped nevertheless
by the system—if we want to call it a system—that has fitted
itself into American life. It is the old individualistic type of
democracy—every man for himself and the devil take the
hindmost. (The danger of that system being that the devil is
likely also to get the foremost!) We are a nation of social
climbers, always looking to the place above us, and we shape
our thought by the thought of individualistic success. We do
bow to success, there is no question about it. Now the peril is
not that anybody tells us preachers what not to say, but that
we just know better than to say some things—that’s all! The
congregation shapes the preaching in a church. The preachers
come to know the kind of address that gets the response of the
congregation. A process of selection by the listening of the
congregation finally brings us to the point where we say the
things which will meet the demand of the people in the con-
gregation. It can be a great thing, this power of a congrega-
tion to shape a preacher into the right preaching, but it is
dangerous.
Now, since that is true, let us be very, very severe in dealing
with ourselves and let us be very severe in dealing with the
capitalistic system under which we live. Capitalism is not
going to be overthrown in a night; anybody that talks about
America’s being thoroughly radical is mistaken. In spite of
our proneness to give our interest to wild things in theory, when
it comes to practice we are, if anything, too far behind. We
are not going to yield ourselves to any burst of sudden social
conflagration. Our social organization, if it is not fireproof, is
at least slow burning. So let the critic have his say. Anybody
can get a hearing any time for the other—the conservative—
extreme in church circles, yet with the man who criticises the
capitalistic system it is a different kind of story.
The great social institutions of our time might conceivably
be converted. They are not to be destroyed, they are not to be
torn down, they are to be converted—filled with a new spirit.
In the old days the Methodists used to invite people forward to
the mourner’s bench and ask them if they had a desire to lead a
SOCIAL TASK OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 37
new life. When we can get industrial organizations and labor
organizations to take that kind of attitude it will be worth
while. .
May I stop here long enough to say this, if 1 want to get a
report on industrial affairs, I go first to the Information Ser-
vice of the Federal Council of Churches. Next the New York
World probably makes the best statements concerning the labor
situation in the country. I wish to record here my thanks and
appreciation and the thanks and appreciation of a great many
people I know of to the splendid service being rendered by the
Federal Council’s Research Department in holding the facts
squarely before the people.
Some ecclesiastic may indeed come along, very probably a
Bishop, and say, “Now, my brother, say these things about our
industrial order, but say them in such a way as not to make
any trouble.” Not so very long ago there was an article written
and submitted to a publisher. In giving his opinion on that
article the publisher said: “We wish you had not stated your
social criticism in such a way as to attract so much attention.”
Well, if there is to be utterance, there has to be utterance to
' somebody; we do not just say something without regard to
whether anybody hears it or not. If we are going to utter
truth we may as well utter it to somebody, particularly the
somebodies that need it most. It is a travesty on the Gospel to
say the Lord sowed the seed of social change and left it at
that. To use the old argument, He did not indeed attack
slavery in the Roman Empire, it is true. I suppose thousands
upon thousands of the members of the early Christian Church
were slaves, and yet Jesus said nothing about slavery directly.
But when we say that Jesus talked in the abstract we forget the
way He did talk. He did talk to the holders of certain vested
interests, the Pharisees, who had the same regard for the law
a certain type of lawyer has today—thinking of the law as
something entirely sacred in itself. Jesus spoke up concerning
that system—He talked about blind guides, about those who
held the key of knowledge and kept people out of knowledge;
He spoke in definite terms that anybody could understand;
there was hardly a single abstract utterance in all the speech of
Jesus. Jesus was not put to death because He was a quiet
seeker for abstract truth, and He was not put to death, on the
other hand, because anybody thought He was an actual seeker
for kingship; was put to death because He was saying things
in such a fashion that the vested systems of that time were in
danger if He were to keep on speaking.
There are actual social issues to be dealt with at the present
38 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
time, with no mincing about them, if we are to have the spirit
of Jesus. For example, racial exclusiveness that will do away
with the “gentleman’s agreement” with Japan and vote for an
exclusion act, or selfishness that shrinks from making adequate
protection for children by a child labor law. What is the use
of talking around about all this in a way that nobody under-
stands? It is the business of the Church, while letting every
individual have his opinion and every man have his own judg-
ment, to have these things brought out into the open.
Abraham Lincoln expressed a characteristic Americanism of
his day when he said, “It is the hope of every American mother
that her boy may grow up to be the President of the United
States.” We don’t stop to consider such a possibility now. The
chance is too small. Likewise in industry the chance is small
for any one worker coming to the head of the industry. The
line of advance today has to be the general uplifting of the con-
ditions under which all laborers work. Now, to get the labor
point of view, we must look to the man who knows he is just
moderate in ability and knows he has to stay in about the place
in the ranks where he finds himself.
The best thing we can do for the mass of laborers 1s to show
them that the Church really desires above all that they shall
be treated. with justice. There are certain elements of fairness
that the minister must think of and these must be brought out
into the light. Take, for example, these investigators that are
running over the country finding out what the laborer is doing
with that four hours extra of leisure—since the abandonment
of the twelve-hour day. What business is it of ours what he
is doing unless we are willing to tell what we are doing with
our time? How would we like it if some committee of labor-
ing men came up and knocked on our doors and said, ‘What
do you do with your time?”
Our Protestant membership is largely of a particular class
and we ought to be a Church of all people. We are a Church
of the great middle classes; we are a kind of cross section of
the American people. We have not perhaps as close alliance
with the members of the possessing classes as we think we
ought to have, but, no matter about that, we certainly have not
such connection with those that labor with their hands as we
ought to have. The Roman Catholic Church now is the only
one that in actual practice takes the laborer’s problems seri-
ously. We Protestants pass resolutions about labor, but in the
matter of concrete issues it is very hard to arouse much in-
terest. The signs are indeed improving all the time; the day-
light is increasing, and after a while, of course, it will be much
SOCIAL TASK OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 39
better than it is now, but we have hardly started dealing with
the problem. Meantime we lose for the Church and I covet
for the Church the kind of intelligence to be found in men
that work with their hands. Such men have a type of mental
training that you and I miss whose hands have never been
hardened. Ina school where manual training was being taught
a boy asked what was the use of it. A teacher replied, “My
boy, remember this: in history or Latin you make a mistake
and it will possibly not be noticed, but here if you make a mis-
take you will get your fingers cut.”” The man that works with
his hands has a possibility of training in honest workmanship
of value for spiritual integrity. There are four million workers
connected with the organized labor groups and large numbers
of them not connected with the Church. It is our business to
stand up for the ideals of plain social justice for these workers
and to stand for these ideals in concrete and not merely general
terms.
I plead for the radical in our Churches; I mean the radical
in the literal sense of honestly getting down to the roots of
things. The radical stings us; he will not let us rest until
something has been done. He holds the essentially Christian
ideals up high. I thank God for the radicals (if you want to
call them that) who hold up the ideal of the Gospel without
any too great regard as to what the immediate consequences
are going to be.
Sometimes the radical overdoes it, but we cannot get away
from him with easy consciences. I do not happen to be a con-
scientious objector as ordinarily understood, but God forgive
me if I try to seal anybody’s mouth these days who seek to
speak conscientiously. Let the conscientious objector talk.
Those that stand for militarism fear the conscientious objector
more than they fear anyone else. I cannot make out why so
many Christian ministers say what they do about the con-
scientious objector. I heard one say, “I put the pacifist on the
same plane with the bootlegger,’ and what puzzled me was that
he said a great deal fiercer things about objectors than I have
ever heard him say about bootleggers. I can’t understand this ;
it is a mystery tome. The objectors may be mistaken, but they
are on our side—I mean the side of all who are against war.
When you find men who will go to prison for their convictions
about war they advance the cause as we better balanced spirits
never can hope to do.
As to some of our Church resolutions on social questions,
they remind me of that story told about a good clergyman who
had in his congregation a brother with a high piping voice and
40 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
a gift of extemporaneousness. He was liable to start a sen-
tence, not knowing how he was coming out. Called upon to
pray, he once started out after this fashion: “Oh Lord, bless
our dear pastor. Thou seeest the greatness of his devotion;
he moves about always to do good. Oh Lord, may he go up
and down our streets like a roaring lion’— Well, he saw he
had made a mistake and he started again—“like a roaring lion,
oh Lord—DOING GOOD.” When I read through Church
resolutions about the awful sin of war, I too often see some-
thing that takes all the sting out—‘“doing good.” We start to
say something on the yellow race question, the Negro question,
and we end with some “doing good” that takes the sting out of
it. We cannot spare the type of man who will speak out with-
out always thinking of the consequences.
The founders of the early Church were always venturing
something, risking something. These latter days also are poor
days for a smug and complacent Church. We must have
prophets, we must keep open a place for them, we must give
them a chance to be heard. They do not ask for much. They
know well enough that they are not going to be called to occupy
some of the leading pulpits in the country. All manner of evil
things are sure to be said against them, and good men will join
in saying these outrageous things. Gilbert Haven—a great
Methodist leader in anti-slavery days—used to get clippings
about the terrible things he had said, and holding them up
before the office force of his paper, used to exclaim, “Feathers,
feathers”—meaning he had hit the mark he was aiming at.
The air today gets full of feathers. Various patriotic and
manufacturing associations send out great clouds of feathers
every time anything like a child labor amendment is up for
consideration. The prophetic radical, however, has his com-
pensations. If I wanted to pick out three or four men who
seem to understand the New Testament better than any others
with whom I am familiar I would know where to go to look
for them. I would go to men who out of persecution have
entered into that fellowship of the prophets of which Jesus
spoke and who have come to unerring spiritual understanding
out of their persecutions.
A picture comes to me from the olden time. I remember
that Arthur T. Hadley once said that a particular Biblical pas-
sage stirs him more than any other passage in the Old Testa-
ment, a passage in the book of Daniel. There were certain men
that, according to the Book of Daniel, stood up against certain
abuses in the old Babylonian court. They did not make any
objections to those of Babylon that bowed before the official
SOCIAL TASK OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA Al
idols—they were not propagandists ; they simply stood for their
own personal convictions and refused to bow down. The king
said, “Unless you bow down and worship my idols I will cast
you into a furnace heated seven times seven.”
And then came the reply, “Hear! O King! our Lord is able
to deliver us from a furnace heated seven times seven.” Now
comes the thrilling passage—“but if not, we will not bow down
anyhow.” An attendant who dared to creep up close to the
furnace door to see what had become of the three conscien-
tious objectors, cried, “There is a fourth there.” Creep up to
the furnace door of a persecution that burns the prophets to-
day. Get close enough and you will see that they are not alone.
One is in the furnace with them whose presence counts for
more than that of all the mighty ones of the court of Babylon.
THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE
I. By HonoraBLtE WILLIAM FE. SWEET
Governor of Colorado
I have made the long trip from Denver to Atlanta to ad-
dress the Federal Council of the Churches because of my
deepening conviction that this body can, with proper support,
do more than any other in the world to abolish war.
The most urgent question before the nations of the world
today is the establishment of universal peace. It is urgent,
not only because war is wrong, but because nations are rap-
idly forgetting the horrors of the World War. With the
return of normal conditions in Europe, the nations will revert
to the ancient idea that war is an entirely legitimate method
of settling international disputes and not to be regarded with
abhorrence.
This viewpoint is becoming increasingly prevalent in the
United States. Recent events strongly indicate that America
is preparing for the next war and that the smokescreen of
preparedness is being used to lull the people into acquiescence
in the most extensive military program this nation has ever
adopted.
At the recent meeting of the League of Nations, the most
far-reaching step which has ever been taken against war was
adopted. The nations solemnly declared that aggressive war
was an international crime. In this protocol for the pacific
settlement of international disputes the forty-seven nations
agreed in effect that in the interest of a common civilization,
a state or nation would give up its ancient sovereignty in the
42 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
act of waging war and turn that sovereignty into a common
pool of sovereignties. It may be a long time before this plan
becomes a reality, but that such a plan could receive the ap-
proval of the representatives of both France and England indi-
cates the great distance which the European nations have come
in the past five years looking toward the establishment of
peace.
It is a matter of profound regret to many that the United
States, not being a member of the League of Nations, had no
part in the discussion of the protocol. Every act of the League
is now discussed by us from the standpoint of an outsider and
not of a member. Our criticism of the recent protocol is
likely to be hypercritical and hostile, instead of constructive
and helpful. Already attempts are being made to discredit
it as an anti-American move by the Japanese.
It is the duty of the Church to wage war against war un-
remittingly and courageously. It was General Haig of Eng-
land who said: “It is the business of the Churches to make
my business as a soldier impossible.” How many believers
in the Christian religion would be willing to wage such a war
against war as would make the business of the soldier im-
possible? Surely it is most inconsistent to assemble the na-
tions for a Disarmament Conference one year and celebrate a
new national holiday “Defense Day” the next.
Christian people must be convinced that the settlement of
international disputes by force is inherently wrong, that it is
sinful, that it is unchristian. The Federal Council of Churches
declares, ‘“War is the world’s chief collective sin. We are
convinced that the whole war system of the nations is unnec-
essary and unchristian.” In view of these conditions it is
the task of the Churches to create such a public opinion against
war that a Christian nation cannot sanction it.
The movement to outlaw war is comparable to the abolition
of slavery and to the prohibition of the liquor traffic in its
appeal to the Christian conscience. Christianity is opposed
to compromising with wrong, therefore the Churches should
unitedly advocate the outlawry of war as the only method by
which war can be abolished.
Senator Borah in his notable article on the “Outlawry of
War,” in reply to former Secretary Lansing, lays great stress
upon the value of public opinion in making laws effective. It
has been said that it is the idea of force behind court man-
dates which compels obedience to them. Not so. It is re-
spect for law and the power of public opinion which induces
obedience.
THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE 43
It was written of old: “The thing that hath been, it is that
which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall
be done; and there is no new thing under the sun.” Thus
spoke the unknown author of Ecclesiastes. Happily, we of
the Twentieth Century believe that many things that have been
shall not be, one of which is war.
When once aroused, no agency can mould public opinion so
forcibly as the Church. The Church helped mightily to abolish
slavery. It helped mightily to achieve national prohibition.
Once the Church thinks straight and unitedly on a moral issue
there is a dynamic power in it which cannot be overestimated.
It meets weekly; its separate groups are held together by
councils, synods, assemblies and conferences—all of them dele-
gated bodies. The Church has a virile press of its own. It
has great financial resources and its educational function in
schools and colleges is very influential. The pulpit affords a
forum and a platform for the promulgation of great ideals.
The Christian conscience of the world can be aroused to make
its influence count for the outlawry of war. When the Church
swings its millions of members behind this edict, the days of
war will be numbered.
Il. By Hon. WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN
I am happy to address this body because I regard the Fed-
eral Council of the Churches as the most promising organiza-
tion of which I know. It is built on the right basis and its
constituency is made up of those who exert the greatest
influence.
The Christian Church is the hope of world peace. It be-
lieves in the things that must underlie world peace—the things
without which no permanent peace is possible. The Church
believes in God, and believes that God who made us, made
all men and made them to be brothers. It believes in Christ
who died not for one nation or race, but forall. If the Church
cannot end war, there is no organization on earth that can.
How are the Churches to do this?
The Will-to-Peace
First of all, they must join in creating the will-to-peace.
If people follow Nietzsche in exalting the will-to-power as the
one virtue, we shall have no lasting peace. The Church must
teach the people to desire peace,—that is the bottom need. It
must educate men to understand that it is as noble to live
for one’s country as to die for it. The Church must show
44 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
them, also, the costliness of war, not in dollars and lives alone,
but in ideals as well. The present increase in acts of violence
throughout the world is due in part to our training men for
years to kill one another. ;
And the Church should warn the people that we cannot
trust our military men to decide how much we shall spend
in preparing for war. If we were to let our tailors decide
how much we are to spend for clothes, most of us would soon
be bankrupt! A British statesman remarked once that if we
left it to military men, they would proceed to fortify us against
a prospective attack from the moon!
The Church should help the people to believe that disarma-
ment is possible. I should like to see the United States send
representatives to the European nations to say: “Jf you will
get together, arrange to live in peace and disarm, we will tear
up your obligations of eleven billion dollars to us. On these
terms—and on no others—will we remit your debts.” I should
rather have disarmament than eleven billion dollars any day,
and from a strictly business standpoint it would be a good
bargain.
The Machinery for Peace
But we must have also the machinery for peace; it ts as
necessary as the desire. Electricity had been running up and
down the world, as lightning, since the beginning of time; but
only when it was harnessed to a machine did it become service-
able to man. Likewise the desire for peace has been long
abroad, but there has been no sufficient machinery for peace.
What machinery should we now try to get?
First of all let us enter the World Court. That is the first
and most obvious step.
Secondly, we should help to develop a tribunal that has
authority to settle all questions for which a settlement has
hitherto been sought by war. Our nation may reserve the
right to decide for itself what its course of action is to be
after a thorough investigation by a judicial body has been
made. The point to insist upon is that every question should
be submitted. for investigation. If this is done, the decisions
need not depend on force; they are more likely to be just, if
they do not depend on force. The only support they need is
that of the appeal of their own intrinsic worth to public
opinion. We would be in the League of Nations today if
there had been a reservation about independent action after
investigation had been made, and there can be no doubt that
the other nations would be glad to have the United States
in the League on those terms today.
THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE 45
Public opinion at last controls everything and if the Church
helps to form that, it will be having the mightiest possible
influence for peace.
III. By Frorence E. ALLEN
Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio
That aggressive war be declared a crime under the law of
nations, and that its use as a means of settlement of disputes
be abolished, is the next indispensable step needed to stop war.
Unless war be outlawed, nations must be armed just as men
must carry arms wherever murder is the rule.
We must enact international law, and that law must include
a declaration that war is a crime against civilization and pen-
alize it under the laws of the nation. There is now no law, not
even any declaration, forbidding war.
War is not legally nor internationally a crime. Fighting be-
tween individuals, unless in self-defense, is criminal. Purpose-
ful and malicious killing, except in self-defense, is murder.
Wars are now illegal and criminal only when they are wars
like our own Revolution of 1776. We have to make the world
agree that international war, unless in actual self-defense, is
criminal, is murder.
We have certain laws about war, but none against war.
There are laws as to how war shall be made, but they do not
forbid war.
When the international code is written, condemning war as
murder, nations claiming self-defense will have to come within
that law in order to justify a war. The form the law should
take is plain. It should declare that war is a crime against
civilization and outlaw it as such. It must be enacted by the
civilized world. It need not be enacted by Legislature nor
Parliament. It can be enacted by the League of Nations or it
can be enacted by a simple international conference as a uni-
versal treaty. America, the first great nation to live in friend-
ship with her fellow nations, should call a conference to outlaw
war. She should, without waiting for other nations, make her
own declaration of policy not to resort to war. Such a dec-
laration by the most powerful nation in the world would have
profound effect.
How the outlawry of war and the international code should
be enforced is equally plain. It should be enforced by a court
with affirmative jurisdiction, which can call before it nations
attempting to make war and to defy the moral law. For this
two things are necessary. First, the affirmative jurisdiction to
46 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
hear the merits of the dispute, just as our Supreme Court has
jurisdiction over the States, and secondly, the code, the law.
The court decrees must not be enforced by physical power.
You cannot eliminate force between nations by using force.
The nations will never consent to a super-government resting
on force. Laws are not enforced through physical power
only; they are also enforced through public opinion.
IV. By Proressor JAMES T. SHOTWELL
Director, Division of Economics and History, Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace
In the entirely new action of the League of Nations em-
bodied in the Protocol of Geneva a substitute for war has at
last been proposed. Yet the Protocol of Geneva has been
received in this country with all the prejudices of the old party
struggle over the League of Nations. It has been commented
upon in sneering tones by smart, young writers. It is time for
it to be studied carefully by those whose opinions would be
worth while. The essence of the Protocol is easily understood,
although its details are very intricate. It begins by three main
points which underlie the whole structure.
First, aggressive war is a crime.
eRe ts the States take a mutual obligation not to be guilty
of it.
Third, the definition of aggression is the refusal to accept
recourse to a peaceful method of international settlement. This
settlement may be through three main channels: (a) through
the Permanent Court of International Justice, (b) the use of
arbitration, (c) through mediation and conciliation of the
Council or Assembly of the League of Nations for those coun-
tries which belong to the League.
Any State not using these means to settle its quarrels before
going into war is henceforth declared to be an aggressor state.
Any overt act of war when not preceded by these methods of
prevention is an aggression.
_ This enables us to outlaw aggressive wars. But if aggres-
sive wars are put down, if the machinery to outlaw war
works —and that depends upon the public opinion of the
world—there will be no more victims to aid, no more defense
to be applied. The whole war machine will lose its justifica-
tion when aggression is driven from the field.
There is nothing in all this program which lessens in any
way our national security, there is nothing in it on the con-
trary which does not increase our influence while leaving us
THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE 47
our full measure of independence. In following it we can
recover once more the ground which has been slipping beneath
our feet for leadership in policies based upon justice. This,
with adherence to the World Court, would be a forward-
looking program. But to win we must unite.
THE AMERICAN CHURCHES AND THE JAPANESE
EXCLUSION ACT
I. By Hon. Cyrus E. Woops
Former Ambassador of the United States to Japan
The Japanese Exclusion Act was, in my judgment, an inter-
national disaster of the first magnitude,—a disaster to Amer-
ican diplomacy in the Far East, a disaster to American business,
a disaster to religion and the effective work of our American
Churches in Japan.
The ultimate consequences of that act cannot yet be fully
forecast, for what we do or fail to do during the coming year
or two will determine the degree of the disaster. The right
handling of the question in the near future will, indeed, go far
toward wiping out the harm that has been done. Failure to
take appropriate action will confirm, deepen and extend it.
The purpose of Congress was, no doubt, to stop further
Japanese immigration, on the assumption that a flood of Japa-
nese was still entering the United States. Congress could not
have realized that Japan accepted the principle of exclusion
in 1908, since which date the Japanese Government has been
loyally cooperating with the Government of the United States
in carrying out that policy. As a result of the Gentlemen’s
Agreement, then entered into, more Japanese males have left
the United States than have entered by 22,737. The coming
of Japanese women to join their husbands or to be married to
young men already here, permitted by the Agreement, has re-
sulted in an increase of foreign-born Japanese in Continental
America during the sixteen years for which we have the figures
(1909-1923) of only 8,681.
Japan, moreover, had officially stated more than once that
she was prepared to make the provisions of the Agreement even
more rigid. She officially stated that the drastic restriction of
immigration into America is a domestic matter concerning
which she has nothing to say.
It is therefore clear that what Congress wanted could have
been secured with Japan’s cordial consent and cooperation. It
48 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
is also clear that the issue in the mind of Japan was not immi-
gration but something else.
From the standpoint of my special opportunities of knowl-
edge, I wish to state with utmost clearness and emphasis that
what Japan resented was not exclusion but humiliating race
discrimination. And the tragedy lies in the fact that Congress
could have secured what it felt needful and yet have secured
it in a way that would have avoided affronting Japan; would
have preserved the historic friendship and promoted the prac-
tice of cooperation in dealing with this and with every difficult
issue in the problems of the Far East.
Without one compensating advantage, Congress has thrown
away one of the most important American assets in solving the
problems of the Pacific and has, at the same time, created
utterly needless feelings of mortification, humiliation, and dis-
trust, with fresh and as yet unknowable potential factors of
difficulty in maintaining the permanent peace of the Far East.
The remarkable changes within Japan herself and in her
policies in China and Siberia that flowed out of the Washing-
ton Conference on Limitation of Armament, which were
fundamentally due to the rising power of the liberal movement
in Japan, together with the extraordinary appreciation by
Japan of America’s prompt and generous help in her hour of
calamities of earthquake and fire, had given America unparal-
leled influence in the inner life of Japan. America, philan-
thropic, democratic, Christian, stood before Japan as a nation
that in many of the most important elements of civilization was
to be emulated and followed. Full cooperation with America
in all the difficult problems of the new day was fast becoming
the accepted ideal of Japan’s people as the true way for them.
Seldom, if ever, has the potential influence of one nation on
the free inner life of another been so ascendant as was Amer-
ica’s influence in Japan in January, 1924. It was powerfully
affecting every phase of Japan’s mental outlook, political de-
velopments and alignments, business relations, educational pro-
cedures, and international friendships and policies. Japan had
developed a fine trust in America’s spirit of justice, fair piay
and humanity. Christianity, slowly disclosed to them through
decades of faithful missionary work, was suddenly revealed to
the entire people as really molding the life of the American
people, giving them not only the ideals but also the actual prac-
tice of programs for peace, for brotherhood and for service
to humanity.
When, however, it became clear in April that the immigra-
tion bill would pass in spite of the objections of Secretary
AMERICAN CHURCHES AND JAPANESE EXCLUSION ACT 49
Hughes and President Coolidge, in spite of the offers of the
Japanese Government to make any desired adjustments of the
Agreement, in spite of the knowledge that such a law would
affront and deeply wound the inmost heart and soul of the Jap-
anese people, in spite of the honorable fulfillment by Japan of
the Gentlemen’s Agreement, then an America suddenly loomed
up before them which in their judgment was wholly. different
from the America they had learned to work with, to trust, to
admire and to be grateful to.
Delegations from all classes of society, from the highest to
the lowest, called upon me in Tokyo. Strong men, national
leaders, in tones of deepest concern and sometimes in tears,
pled with me to tell America what was happening, hoping
thereby that Congress might be brought to realize the situation
before it was too late.
A Japanese committed suicide near the American Embassy
in protest and in expiation of Japan’s honor. His pathetic
letter told of his acceptance of the Christian faith because it
disclosed a God of all mankind, a God of love and a world of
human brotherhood. This Christian teaching had satisfied his
inner craving. But this Exclusion Act of America had shat-
tered his faith; Christianity was itself false; there is no God,
no universal brotherhood.
A prominent Japanese pastor, a graduate of Yale, told me
that his people could not understand why a country which sent
missionaries abroad preaching the doctrine of the brotherhood
of mankind could make such a discrimination. It can readily
be seen from this that the Christian movement in Japan has
been dealt a staggering blow.
Americans should realize that Japan was concerned, not with
the question of immigration, but with that of race humiliation.
Japan and all her people, from highest to lowest, wish to be
accepted and treated as one of the equal races of mankind. All
emphatically repudiate any implication that color and race are
badges of inferiority or unfitness to be given equality of race
treatment in any part of the world. I believe Congress had no
deliberate intention to humiliate and affront Japan. It never-
theless in fact did so.
The consequences of the exclusion law, if not soon over-
come, are grave beyond all ordinary comprehension. It will
affect business intercourse, turning to Europe and elsewhere
trade that would normally have come here.
The military party in Japan and the tendency to set in sharp
antithesis the Yellow races against the White have been given
50 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
a mighty impulse, portending disaster to Japan, to China and
to the whole world in proportion as the movement succeeds.
In proportion as militarism is ascendant in Japan will it be
difficult for America to reduce her load of armament, even
though no actual armed conflict comes for many decades, and
the economic and social disaster to America of ever-increasing
armaments on the Pacific can not be easily estimated.
That which now needs to be done is to follow the suggestion
of Secretary Hughes. He asked that Japan be placed on the
quota basis. This would admit only 146 immigrants annually
until July, 1927, and thereafter only 150. This amount is
negligible, and I am sure that in the enforcement of such a
provision America will have the loyal cooperation of the Jap-
anese Government.
I am therefore of opinion, and in that opinion I know you
will concur, that while the question is a difficult one and beset
with many thorny aspects, yet it is one which our Christian
leaders must face and for which a Christian and a practical
solution must be found.
II. By Rev. A. K. ReEIscHAvER, oF Tokyo
Representative of the National Christian Council of Japan
We must distinguish between the method by which Japanese
exclusion was brought about and the thing itself. Probably
most Americans deplore the method adopted. It seemed so
hopelessly stupid and crude. But it is now no longer merely
the method adopted that Japan resents; many Japanese resent
the thing itself. They see the reasonableness of a law that
excludes immigrants who are “ineligible” to citizenship, but it
looks to them as a color and race prejudice and a deliberate
attempt to brand them as “undesirables and inferiors.” Espe-
cially does it seem so to them, when they see how we still admit
peoples who are racially as far removed from us as are the
Japanese, and who in spiritual kinship are much farther from
us. If black, red and colored peoples of- all shades can be
American citizens, as millions of them are, and if Japanese
born in America and Filipinos now entering are eligible, how
can anyone seriously contend that no Japanese born in Japan,
no matter how white his soul nor how great his spiritual
achievement, should be eligible? Surely America’s ideal re-
quirement for citizenship must be more than a mere matter of
geography.
Already the effect on Christianity in Japan has been serious.
Japanese Christians are put in a difficult position. If they are
AMERICAN CHURCHES AND JAPANESE EXCLUSION ACT a1
friendly with Americans they are looked upon by some as dis-
loyal to Japan. If, on the other hand, they declare their inde-
pendence of American Christianity, they feel that they will be
misunderstood by Americans and that they are breaking a fel-
lowship which means so much to them. It takes little imagina-
tion to picture what would happen to all American mission
work in Japan if Christians here should treat this as a “closed
incident.’ Sooner or later it will mock all missionaries in the
Orient.
But Japanese Christians have not lost faith in us, and there
are other thousands who still believe that we will do the right
thing. It may be difficult to find a solution that will conserve
the apparently conflicting interests of the two nations. America
must, on the one hand, achieve a greater degree of homo-
geneity among her citizens through education, through restric-
tion and selection of immigrants. Japan, on the other hand,
has a right to receive most-favored-nation treatment and not be
discriminated against.
To work out a harmony between these two fundamental
needs and rights of the two nations is our big task, and our
first step in working this out should be the creation of a High
Commission made up of intelligent, representative Americans
and Japanese who would study the perplexing problems scien-
tifically and in a spirit of friendship. The result of such a
commission’s work might well lead to something like the
following:
First—The mutual exclusion of laborers, and possibly even
the withdrawal by the Japanese Government of some of
her citizens now in America.
Second—Putting Japan on the quota basis after a certain
date—possibly requiring a higher standard for immigrants
from Japan than for certain European immigrants be-
cause racial difference may make them less assimilable.
Third—Giving all Japanese in America and those admitted
on the quota basis the right of naturalization and equal
treatment with others.
THE PRESENT CRISIS IN EUROPEAN
PROTESTANTISM
By Rev. ADOLF KELLER
Secretary, Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evangelical Churches
of Europe
European Protestantism as a whole still suffers deeply from
the consequences of the war. It is true that on the Continent
there are four or five countries, such as Denmark, Norway,
Holland, Sweden and Switzerland, where we feel the hardness
of the times but where we cannot speak of real suffering. We
in these little countries, however, feel the danger for the whole
European Protestantism lying in the fact that the great ma-
jority of the European Protestant Churches are going through
a very serious economic crisis. These five little countries on the
European Continent are making the greatest efforts to come to
the rescue of the suffering Churches.
We cannot do this great work alone. We look towards
American Protestantism to help us. We hope that the denom-
inations which have no sister Churches in Europe, in a feeling
of larger Protestant responsibility, will collaborate more and
more in the efforts to save in the European Churches what is
menaced and to build up what is necessary for strengthening
European Protestantism as a whole.
It is true that since the stabilization of the currency in some
of the countries the situation has slightly improved. But this
improvement is not yet felt in thousands of manses and innu-
merable evangelical institutions which have to live on private
gifts.
A difference must be made between relief work and the
necessity of finding help for constructive tasks with which the
Churches are confronted. Relief is still necessary for innu-
merable pastors’ families, especially where sickness enters a
house. Such need can still be found all over France, Germany,
Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Roumania, Latvia,
Lithuania, not to speak of Russia.
Beside such personal need, there are a great number of men-
aced evangelical institutions such as children’s homes, orphan-
ages, deaconess houses which need help. But I think that
after the many reports we have made to the Churches most
American Christians realize that there are still hungry children
and sick and old people who need food and clothes and shelter.
It is also known that many of the evangelical institutions can
52
PRESENT CRISIS IN EUROPEAN PROTESTANTISM 53
be supported only with foreign help. This is especially so
with the institutions of the former Austro-Hungarian mon-
archy.
More particularly I should draw your attention to the new
constructive tasks which must be undertaken. It seems to me
that American Protestantism can be of a real and great help
for the evangelization of many European sections, for building
up an “Inner Mission” in Churches which have not been able
hitherto to begin such work, and in teaching us new methods
in all kinds of social work. The European Churches begin to
see more and more that their old Church work is not sufficient
for the evangelization of the present-day generation. Modern
paganism cannot be reached by the minister who is doing sim-
ple parish work.
The work of evangelization in all the European countries is
one of the most urgent necessities. The attempts which are
being made in Spain and Belgium, in Germany where the
People’s Mission has been started, in Austria, where Pastor
Monsky is doing a courageous work, and in Roumania, where
several travelling preachers find work enough, is very hopeful.
This work should be done in close connection with the na-
tional Churches themselves. But they lack men and means;
and here is the point where America could really lend us a
hand. Not only by granting the necessary means, but by help-
ing us to train our men, using your experience and methods,
which, however, should always be assimilated to our mentality,
and to our national and confessional peculiarities. The door is
open to you for such welcome cooperation.
The situation on the Continent of Europe is the more acute
because a fight of self-defense has been imposed upon the
Evangelical Churches by the Roman Catholic aggressiveness,
which is the distinctive feature in the present-day situation.
Most have heard the proverb that from a military standpoint
France won the war; from the political, England; from the
economic, America; and from the religious standpoint, the
Roman Catholic Church.
We do not complain if the Roman Catholic Church is
strengthening its position, is uniting and collecting its forces.
It must also be said that present-day Catholicism in countries
where it has come into contact with the Reformation is inspired
with a new religious spirit, with a new love of Christ and His
Church, and has also in some parts started a social activity
which deserves our admiration.
But there can be no doubt that the Roman Catholic aims go
far beyond the desire of strengthening the old positions and
54 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
of deepening the religious life in the Church. The hope is
openly expressed that the time has come to heal the schism of
the Church and to win back the lost territories. Not only little
provincial periodicals, but even such an official organ as the
Osservatore Romano has been outspoken enough to say that
the time is not far distant when Germany, for instance, or
England, will come back to the “infallible Church.”
A great propaganda for the conversion of the Protestants,
directed especially by the Jesuits, the specific anti-Protestant
order, has begun. Societies with these specific aims have been
formed and campaigns have been organized not only in Ger-
many, but in such old Protestant countries as Holland, Scot-
land, and even the Scandinavian countries, where a special
apostolic Legate has been sent for this purpose. The Pope
has sent his Nuncios into nearly all countries where it has been
possible to create such centers of Roman influence.
In Germany last year 88 evangelical institutions had to be
closed for lack of funds, but since 1919 more than 700 Roman
Catholic institutions and monasteries have been opened in that
country. The 65 per cent of Protestants have 16,700 pastors;
the 33 per cent of Catholics have an army of 22,262 priests.
Against this Roman Catholic aggressiveness we do not wish
to struggle with political or worldly means. The only thing
which we can do and are allowed to do is to strengthen our
own Churches, to unite our forces, to deepen our religious life
and to lend mutually a brotherly hand. We are still far away
from having the necessary organs for expressing the united
voices of Protestantism. Such union alone will have the
effect which is not within the power of this or that single
Church.
But many of our Protestant communities have to face all
sorts of political and financial manoeuvres from the other side.
There are, for instance, numerous institutions whose property
is in danger of being bought by Roman Catholic institutions or
whose opportunities for buying neighboring lands or houses
which they need for enlarging their activity are snatched away
by a well organized Roman financial enterprise. What a help
it would be at the present time, when most of the Churches
have heavy constructive tasks, if we could have a Protestant
loan fund or at least a bank credit guaranteed by the great
Protestant bodies, in order to enable us to act without delay
in such emergencies !
We cannot wait for collections when an orphanage, as re-
cently in Poland, is in danger of falling down, or when, as in
Spain, the Jesuits were on the point of buying an evangelical
PRESENT CRISIS IN EUROPEAN PROTESTANTISM 55
college, which was saved almost by a miracle. We should be
ready, then, at once, because a general Protestant feeling of
responsibility and brotherliness would have already prepared
the action necessary at a given moment.
We are already doing what we can to defend ourselves, to
save what is menaced, to strengthen the faith and courage of
our sister Churches. But do you think that we have greater
obligations because we are nearer, or because we are sister
denominations? We do not care for denominational interests
in a moment when the whole house is burning. The Central
Bureau tries at least to find help for all who are in need. But
we cannot do this work alone, therefore we stretch out our
hands towards America.
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PART II
THE PLATFORM AND POLICIES OF THE
FEDERAL COUNCIL
Aus
AY shi :
ay Ha rey
1%
FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK
(Adopted by the Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council of
the Churches, December 6, 1924)
In preparation for this quadrennial meeting of the Federal
Council of the Churches of Christ in America, the Adminis-
trative Committee, at its meeting on February 8, 1924, voted
to appoint a special Committee to recommend to the Council,
for its consideration, the main outlines of policy to be pursued
during the next four years. This Committee was to be made
up of representatives of the various constituent bodies and to
be chosen in conference with their official authorities. After
such conference the Committee was constituted of the under-
signed members at the meeting of the Administrative Com-
mittee on September 19, and now presents its report.
We have reviewed with great interest the Report of the
Committee on Methods of Cooperation presented to the quad-
rennial meeting of the Council in Boston in 1920, and we have
sought to recall the situation which existed then, to compare it
with our situation today and to mark the progress which has
been made during the quadrennium. Regarding this progress
there cannot, we think, be any doubt. It can be discerned
clearly in every department of the work of the Council, in the
common assertion of the Churches through the Council of their
deep convictions on such subjects as peace, international jus-
tice and goodwill, justice and goodwill within the nation, child
welfare, respect for law and lawful authority, and the coopera-
tive action of the Churches in evangelism, education and re-
search, in works of mercy and relief, in sympathetic assistance
to sister Churches in Europe, and in the effort to work out the
Christian solution of the difficult problems of race relationships.
As the Board of Finance will report, very satisfactory progress
has been made also in the increase of the financial support of
the Council by the bodies which comprise it.
Clear as the progress of the past quadrennium has been,
however, it is perhaps more difficult now than it was four years
ago to analyze confidently and surely the situation of the
Churches with regard to the question of their cooperative re-
lations and united action. And yet we are constrained by all
the evidence which we have been able to gather to believe, first,
that the Churches realize more deeply than ever before their
need of such an instrument as the Federal Council; secondly,
that they perceive more clearly its adaptation to their need as a
representative and responsible agency created by them and ex-
59
60 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
isting for them, and constituting not an independent organiza-
tion separate from the Churches, but simply a common medium
wholly within their control; thirdly, that they see more dis-
tinctly than ever before the magnitude and importance of the
tasks which they must accomplish cooperatively and unitedly.
Perhaps we may venture to summarize some of the evidence
to which we have referred as supplying a basis for our positive
recommendations as to the policies of the Council for the en-
suing four years.
1. It seems clear that there are certain distinct fields of the
Churches’ responsibility in which there are a greater readiness
and desire for cooperation, because in these fields it is obvious
that no one denomination can act for all or can ever act effec-
tively for itself without associated action by others. Among
these fields of action, for example, are (a) the relation of the
Churches to great issues of social welfare, like the temperance
question, prohibition and respect for law; (b) the problems of
war, disarmament and peace; (c) the problems of race and
race relations; (d) works of mercy and relief.
2. The doctrinal discussions which have shaken some de-
nominations and which have attracted wide general attention
have had, in the judgment of some, the unexpected effect of
drawing the Churches together in the sense of common prob-
lems and common experiences . The denominations have been
facing similar, if not identical, issues and have realized the
community of their life and problems. The people of kindred
mind in different bodies have been drawn together irrespective
of denominational relationships. None of the denominations
has been divided, and this cohesion within each denomination
has demonstrated the possibility of interdenominational fel-
lowship and endeavor.
3. Certain fresh aspects of old and abiding problems have
presented themselves which no one body can hope to solve and
for which, through common counsel and prayer, a solution
must be found which each body can use. The greatest of these
problems is how we may present Christ more compellingly to
the mind and heart of our day so that He will become the Lord
of men’s consciences and the Master of their lives. A second
of these problems is how to bind the past and the future to-
gether, how to carry over the good of the past that is meant to
last, how to welcome the new life and strength of youth and to
save it from waste and futility and bind it in as the connecting
tissue of what has been and what is to be, how to separate
grain from chaff in new movements of thought and speech and
FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 61
action, to save the grain and destroy the chaff. These are great
questions for which the denominations must unitedly seek the
answer.
4, There is a deep and wide-spread conviction in many dif-
ferent communions that the conditions which will bring to any
of them the spiritual renewal and revival which it needs can
only be provided out of common effort and experience. Just
as the individual needs the help of fellowship and the life
which is available not in isolation but only in the corporate
unity of Christian believers, so the individual communion 1s
coming to realize that it needs the help of the other communions
which are members of the One Body and that the health and
power of each separate part is strengthened by the life of the
whole.
5. Lastly, the Protestant Churches see more clearly than ever
the need of preserving their inheritance of freedom and indi-
vidual responsibility and at the same time of securing the gain
of solidarity, of effective organization and of united and ade-
quately directed effort. We have been afraid of centralization
and so distrustful of delegated control or authority that we
have let work go undone and great tasks of the Church lie
unperformed rather than run the risk of any abridgment of
our separated autonomies. In other words, we have been a
mechanism, an assemblage of separate parts, rather than an
organism, a living and unified body, not only pervaded by a
common life and trust (these we have had), but also acting
together in singleness of effort to accomplish common and
corporate ends. The Churches are truly seeking for a satis-
factory method of expressing a common life and accomplishing
a common work, of combining unity and freedom, of preserving
our Protestant inheritance and yet at the same time fulfilling
the ideal of the Apostle’s Creed, of the Holy Catholic Church,
the instrument of Christ for the salvation of the world.
Whether or not your Committee be right in the details of
this brief analysis of the present situation, it believes it is
assuredly right in interpreting the mind of our evangelical
Churches as desiring and being ready for a policy of wise and
courageous advance in the work of this Council for the quad-
rennium just before it. The Committee accordingly desires
to make the following recommendations :
1. There should be continued and enlarged emphasis on the
common and fundamental duty of direct evangelism. All the
activities of the Council and of the constituent Churches should
be conceived in true evangelistic terms, as various modes of
62 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
expressing the Gospel and of accomplishing the purpose of our
Lord, whom the Father sent to be the Saviour of the world.
In one sense the work of evangelism is the work of each sepa-
rate denomination, but there are necessities in this field which
can only be met cooperatively—the need of shared knowledge
and experience, of synchronized effort, of coordination of
plans, of help of the weak by the strong, of steady, united
presentation of the evangelistic ideal, method and spirit as
essential elements in the true conception of the Church. The
need of a great forward movement in evangelism is undeniable.
Why should it not come now? The spiritual and moral neces-
sities of the world require it. The resources of God are avail-
able for it, if drawn upon by united faith.
We need not only to bring those who do not know Christ to
a knowledge of the truth, but also to deepen the consecration
of those who are already Christians. There is no greater need
today than a more vivid consciousness of the presence of God
and a fresh experience of His power to renew and transform.
Here, too, fellowship and cooperation are essential, if the
richest blessings are to be enjoyed and the most effective
witness borne.
2. There should be provision for more immediate, more ade-
quate and better equipped effort by the Churches to meet the
great human emergencies, which arise from time to time and
which the Churches should meet in their own name or rather
in Christ’s name, with such works of mercy and relief as will
express to the world the love of Christ going out to men
through His Church. The right and obligation of the Churches
to do such work have always been recognized by them. There
has been a tendency, however, to transfer many such activities
into the hands of temporary agencies created when disasters
occur or of permanent organizations existing apart from any
direct association with the Churches. This tendency, often
quite satisfactory in results, has developed to a point where the
question must be raised as to whether the Churches will prac-
tically relinquish such service altogether. The impossibility of
this relinquishment is realized when one recognizes that thereby
the Churches would largely lose the invaluable power of Chris-
tian testimony which deeds of serving love possess.
Although the various special agencies which have been
created are richly supported, and should continue to be sup-
ported, by the members of the Churches, and although they
freely acknowledge that support, some of these agencies can-
not by their very nature convey to the recipients of relief nor
to mankind at large any open and direct testimony as to the
FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 63
Christian love which prompted the support. It would seem
that the Federal Council might well be the common servant of
the Churches for the accomplishment of their purpose to en-
large their direct and collective activity in mercy and relief.
For some time the Federal Council has had a Committee on
Mercy and Relief as a sub-committee of the Commission on
International Justice and Goodwill. Recently this committee
did active work in securing funds for German relief and for
the refugees in Greece. Again and again during this service
the desire was expressed either for a more effective establish-
ment of the committee or for the creation of a separate com-
mission, so that the Council might be in a position for prompt
and wise action in the case of emergencies that may call for it.
The Council refers the establishment of a separate Committee
or Commission on Works of Mercy and Relief to the Execu-
tive Committee for such action as seems expedient.
3. There should be undiminished effort to set forth the
Christian view of such questions of social, racial, economic and
international relationship as demand consideration by the Chris-
tian Church and the proclamation of that Gospel which was to
be laid upon every creature, personal and impersonal, and upon
all human life. Jesus Christ is Lord. We know of no one
and of nothing, of no interest and no relationship over which
His Lordship does not extend. This does not mean any
extension of the Church beyond its proper sphere of action and
duty. It does mean the faithful proclamation and practice of
the whole gospel of righteousness and love, of peace and good-
will, of the Kingdom of God.
4. We recommend a careful restudy of the service which the
Churches may reasonably expect of the Council in the field of
investigation of the rural problems of the Churches and in the
coordination of effort in this field. It has been represented to
our Committee that there are aspects of this question which
are not included in the specialized missionary view of it, and
with which the Churches in their corporate and ecclesiastical
character must unitedly deal.
5. There should be wise and effective expansion of the work
of the Council in the cooperative study and investigation of
such conditions as concern the Church, and the results of such
research should be made available for all the cooperating
Churches and their various agencies. We approve the plans
for a more thorough discharge of these duties of the Council
through a Department of Research and Education, already
sanctioned by the Executive Committee of the Council. The
64 FEDERAL, COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Churches need such a common clearing-house of information
on the moral and religious aspects of contemporary questions.
Pastors and denominational officials are constantly sending re-
quests to the Council for data on matters which have perplexed
them. ) |
The purpose of the Department of Research is in no sense
to make pronouncements of policy for any Church or for the
Council. Its aim is rather to secure impartially the accurate
information and to present the unbiased analyses which will
help pastors, denominational agencies and the Council to form
sound judgments for themselves on great issues on which
Christian principles must be brought to bear. Where differ-
ences of opinion exist as to fact or as to the interpretation of
fact, those differences should be carefully reported. No at-
tempt should be made to do anything that other agencies are
doing or will do. The purpose should rather be, first, to col-
late the results of what has been done in many quarters in a
form to make them more accessible for all; and, second, to
undertake such new inquiries as may be found necessary in
order to secure data needed by the Churches.
6. It is clear to us that the coming four years will call for
-constant study of the question of the broader relations of our
American Evangelical Churches to the Churches of other
lands. It is not the function of the Council to enter the field
of denominational international organizations or associations.
The denominations themselves care for this field. But the pos-
sibility and necessity of interdenominational international fel-
lowship are greater than they have ever been. The Churches
_of America associated in the cooperative life and action of the
Federal Council must face the call to right relationship and
true helpfulness toward the rising Churches of Asia and Latin
America, the Evangelical Churches of Europe, and also the
Eastern Churches.
The work of assistance of the Churches of the Continent, so
effectively cared for by the Central Bureau in Zurich, should
be enlarged and the resources of our American Churches
should be more generously brought to the help of the Churches
of Central and Southeastern Europe, which have suffered so
terribly from the war. There are few greater responsibilities
or opportunities confronting us today than to support the
Evangelical Churches in Europe in their present need and to
establish closer ties of cooperation with them.
The situation in Eastern Europe and Western Asia has led
to such opportunities for development of friendly relations and
larger fellowship with the Eastern Churches as to cause the
OO
FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 65
Executive Committee a year ago to authorize the formation of
a special committee for this purpose. We commend this step
and recommend that the furthering of our fraternal relations
with these Churches be recognized as a part of the program
of the Federal Council and that definite steps looking to mutual
aid be taken as occasion offers.
7. Recognizing the many interests that we share in common
with our fellow Christians in Canada and the common prob-
lems that we face in dealing with American life as a whole,
we recommend that conference be held with the Churches
of Canada with a view to the wisest and most helpful relations
between those Churches and the Churches of the United
States represented in the Federal Council.
8. We recommend to the constituent Churches and to the
Executive and Administrative Committees of the Council that
an adequate study be made of the place of women in the work
of the Council. Any of the constituent denominations may
now name women among their representatives in the Council,
in accordance with the Constitution of the Council. We would
deem it a wise and happy thing if they would name a much
larger number. Provision should be made also for a larger
number of women on the Executive and Administrative Com-
mittees and on the various Commissions, where already many
women are rendering valuable service. We also recommend
to the Executive and Administrative Committees of the Fed-
eral Council that they be authorized to appoint from their own
membership a committee to act with similar committees to be
appointed by the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign
Missions and the Council of Women for Home Missions, the
membership of which shall include representatives from every
denomination included in those bodies, this joint committee to
make a study of the place and scope of women’s organized
work in the Church and the relation that such work should
bear to the general agencies of the Churches.
In view of this proposed study, and lest confusion result, we
further suggest that the bodies referred to—the Federal Coun-
cil, the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions
and the Council of Women for Home Missions—refrain. from
promoting organized women’s work in any form until such
time as this whole problem shall have been studied and a policy
agreed upon.
9. We recognize the wisdom of the present policy of the
independence and autonomy of local federations and councils
of churches, amenable directly to the churches of their own
community. The Federal Council should give special attention
66 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
to fostering the establishment of such federations and councils
and the most sympathetic and helpful relations should be main-
tained between them, with counsel and support extended freely
on either side. As a means of furthering more helpful rela-
tionships we would recommend that the Association of Execu-
tive Secretaries of Local Councils of Churches be invited to
name a consultative member of the Administrative Committee
of the Federal Council.
10. We recommend continued study of the problem of the
relation of the inter-board agencies to one another and to the
Council, and also of the problem of the inter-relation of Chris-
tian agencies which have community programs. Efforts have
been made during the past quadrennium to help toward the
solution of the first of these problems through what is known
as the Consultative Committee, composed of representatives of
the Federal Council, the Foreign Missions Conference, the
Home Missions Council, the Federation of Woman’s Boards
of Foreign Missions, the Council of Women for Home Mis-
sions, the Council of Church Boards of Education and the
International Council of Religious Education. Steps toward
dealing with the second problem have been made through the
Conference of Allied Christian Agencies doing Community
Work, and the Committee which has grown out of that Con-
ference and which has been fostered by the Federal Council’s
Commission on Councils of Churches.
The time may not yet be ripe, but our Committee is of the
deep conviction that we should keep before our eyes the ideal
of a central cooperative agency, such as the Federal Council
was designed to be and ought in our judgment to become, be-
longing wholly to the Churches, controlled and directed by
them, possessing their complete trust and adequately meeting
all their cooperative necessities, in which, with no abridgment
of freedom and autonomy, but with far greater power and
mutual support, all our present agencies would find a rational
and efficient coordination in both their community and national
tasks and in their interboard and interdenominational and in-
ternational relationships. To some such goal, near or far, we
are convinced we ought to seek to move in trust and hope and
steadfastness.
11. We recommend that the Council and its Commissions
continue to seek and to cultivate the most harmonious and help-
ful relations with voluntary bodies engaged in similar tasks. A
careful adjustment has been reached of present relations of the
Federal Council’s Commission on International Justice and
Goodwill with the Church Peace Union and the World Alliance
FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 67
for International Friendship through the Churches. There has
been helpful cooperation with other organizations and move-
ments for the promotion of peace and justice. It is clear that
the Churches as Churches functioning through a central coun-
cil constituted by their action as Churches and directly under
their authority and control have a work to do which is distinct
and indispensable, and which they cannot devolve upon any
other organization or upon any groups of individuals, though
they may and should seek all possible cooperation and assis-
tance. In this as in all things we believe that the end we
should steadily seek is the cooperation of the Churches as such,
and that all who believe in real cooperative principles should
work together to strengthen the official interboard and inter-
denominational endeavors to effect corporate community of
counsel and action.
12. The Administrative Committee is laying before the Coun-
cil recommendations with regard to its By-Laws, in the light
of the new incorporation by a special act of the Legislature of
the State of New York, and we present accordingly no report
on this subject. We do desire, however, to record our judg-
ment as to the desirability of keeping clear and unbroken the
historic traditions of the Council and the solid grounding of its
character and functions in the authority of the Churches.
13. It falls to our Committee, perhaps, to suggest an outline
of Commissions for the ensuing quadrennium, leaving author-
ity, however, to the Executive Committee to make any changes
which may seem to it wise. It seems clear to us that the fol-
lowing Commissions, the names of which indicate their impor-
tant responsibilities, should be continued:
The Commission on Evangelism and Life Service
The Commission on the Church and Social Service
The Commission on the Church and Race Relations
The Commission on International Justice and Goodwill
The Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe (with
which the Commission on Relations with France and Belgium should
now be merged)
The Department of Research and Education
The Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone
The Committee on Relations with Eastern Churches
The Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains
The Editorial Council of the Religious Press
It is equally clear that the work now being done by the Com-
mission on Councils of Churches, the Commission on Christian
Education, and the Commission on Temperance should be con-
tinued. In view of the fact that in the case of these three
certain proposals for change of name or relationships are un-
der consideration, we would refer to the Executive Committee
68 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
the question as to the specific form in which these interests
should be cared for. We recommend the Executive Committee
give consideration also to the addition of a Commission on
Rural Life.
We were charged by the Administrative Committee also to
consider the question of the interior organization of the com-
missions, especially of their Committees of Direction. It has
been found very desirable and helpful in some of these bodies
to seek and secure the presence and counsel of representatives
of independent organizations working in the field of the Com-
mission’s interest. This plan has promoted cooperation and
effective service. It seems to us wise that it should be con-
tinued, but that such members of the Commissions or Com-
mittees of Direction should be advisory and limited in number
to one-third of the Committee, and that they should be ap-
pointed by the President of the Council on recommendation of
the officers of the Commission concerned.
14. As the report of the Board of Finance will show, great
progress has been made during the past four years in putting
the Council on a basis of more satisfactory financial support,
and there is an increasing purpose on the part of the Churches
to assume the responsible support and direction of the Council.
At the quadrennial meeting in Boston four years ago, a budget
of $300,000 a year was approved. As a result of a conserva-
tive financial policy, the expenditure for each year of the past
quadrennium has been kept well below this figure. This has
meant, however, a sacrifice of much important work which has
been urged upon the Council from many quarters. At the
meeting in Boston the Council also officially approved the prin-
ciple that the amount of the budget, as determined by the
representatives of the constituent denominations in the Coun-
cil, ought to be provided directly by the denominations. We
are glad to note that substantial advance in this direction has
been made, about one-third of the budget having been thus
provided by the constituent bodies. We would strongly urge
that the denominations rapidly assume responsibility for their
equitable shares of a budget of at least $300,000. We also
approve the Council’s seeking from individuals gifts which will
increase this budget to the extent which may be approved from
year to year by the Executive Committee.
15. Lastly, we note with satisfaction the increased expecta-
tion and purpose on the part of the Churches to use the Council
to express their convictions in matters of common interest and
responsibility. More during the last quadrennium than ever
before have they looked to the Council to speak, with care and
FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 69
yet with courage, their great convictions on questions on which
the Christian conscience and judgment have felt that they could
not be silent. The enlarging influence and the grave responsi-
bility of the Council in these matters calls for the most pru-
dent exercise of this duty of public statement, and we recom-
mend that the Council give its approval to the proposal of the
Executive Committee on this subject, taken at its meeting in
January, 1921, as follows:
“Any formal deliverance which is to be put forth in the name
of the Council should be first submitted to all the members of
the large Executive Committee of the Council with the under-
standing that all replies shall be returned within a fortnight.
And what constitutes ‘a formal deliverance’ shall be determined
by the Administrative Committee, provided, however, that in
cases of emergency the Secretarial Council shall have authority
to refer directly to the Executive Committee for approval any
statement which they wish to have issued as a formal deliver-
ance of the Council.”
The new days into which we have come call more convinc-
ingly even than any earlier days for the work of a Federal
Council of the Churches, such as the Churches intended this
Council to be when they established it. God has justified the
faith and purpose of the founders. It remains for us to carry
forward the work which they began and to fashion this agency
of common counsel and common service into an instrument
which the Churches which created and control it can use with
absolute trust and to the full measure of their power.
Robert E. Speer, Chairman
Rev. John Baltzer
(Evangelical Synod of North
America )
Rev. Clarence A. Barbour
(Northern Baptist Convention)
F. R. Beach
(Christian)
Rev. W. Y. Bell
(Colored Methodist Episcopal)
Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent
(Protestant Episcopal)
Bishop S. C. Breyfogel
(Evangelical)
Rev. Charles E. Burton
(Congregational)
John R. Cary
(Friends)
Rev. W. I. Chamberlain
(Reformed Church in America)
Bishop George C. Clement
(African Methodist Episcopal
Zion)
Bishop A. R. Clippinger
(United Brethren)
Rev. A. E. Cory
(Disciples of Christ)
Rev. J. A. Detter
(Churches of God, General EI-
dership )
Rev. David G. Downey
(Methodist Episcopal)
Mrs. John Ferguson
(United Presbyterian)
Rev. E. S. Hagen
(Moravian)
John R. Hawkins
(African Methodist Episcopal)
Rev. Frederick H. Knubel
(United Lutheran)
Rev. Thomas H. Lewis
(Methodist Protestant)
Rev. Walter L. Lingle
(Presbyterian, South)
Bishop Robert W. Peach
(Reformed Episcopal)
70 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Rev. W. W. Pinson
(Methodist Episcopal, South)
Rev. John Proude
(Methodist Protestant)
Esle F. Randolph
(Seventh Day Baptist)
Rev. George W. Richards
(Reformed Church in the U. S.)
Rev. J. Ross Stevenson
(Presbyterian in the U. S. A.)
Rev. L. K. Williams
(National Baptist Convention)
Members at Large
Mrs. F. S. Bennett
W. C. Coleman
John H. Finley
Robert Garrett
John M. Glenn
Mrs. J. H. McCoy
Dean Shailer Mathews
Hon. Carl E. Milliken
Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery
Watson S. Moore
Rev. Frank Mason North
Morris E. Preisch
Thomas S. Southgate
Hon. William E. Sweet
Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff
MESSAGE TO THE CHURCHES
The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America,
assembled at Atlanta in its Fifth Quadrennial Meeting, sends
to the Churches a message of fellowship.
Fellowship in the Church
Sitting together for six days face to face with the great
tasks of the Church, the sense of our present oneness in Christ
has become very real. We believe in the same God, tre re-
deemed by the same Christ, are comforted by the same Spirit,
study the same Book, offer the same prayers, sing the same
hymns, strive for the same character and long for the same
Kingdom.
We rejoice in the same growing manifestation of unity in
essentials shown in city and state councils of Churches, in
great federal missionary movements at home and abroad, in
the earnest effort to find ways of giving organized expression
to unity in village and open country and in the great ecumen-
ical gatherings soon to assemble.
The world is in desperate need of fellowship—conscious fel-
lowship of men with God and with one another. And a world
in quest of such fellowship must look to the Church. For
the Church has found in Christ the true secret of fellowship.
Through Him we are brought near to God and through Him
all cleavages of nation, class and race can be bridged.
Fellowship with God
We call upon our Churches to proclaim with fresh faith the
unshakable conviction that only in a Divine fellowship can the
need for human fellowship be met. “Our fellowship is with
God and with His Son, Jesus Christ.” Apart from this we
shall seek in vain for real solutions to any problem. The
fullest fellowship between man and man requires fellowship
with God in Christ. This is our basic need. And this brings
us to the fundamental work of the Church—evangelism. We
note with gratification the cooperation of the Churches in this
service, the concerted appeal to men to follow Christ and ally
themselves with His Church, the joining of the denominations
in the Federal Council in simultaneous and united endeavors.
We commend yet closer cooperation in order that the voices
of all the Churches may be lifted up in one common summons
to men to turn to God.
71
72 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Fellowship in Human Relations
The issue of true fellowship with God our Father is fellow-
ship with all His children. There is no more searching test
of the extent to which our civilization is truly Christian than
the measure to which fellowship has come to prevail in all the
relations of men with one another. The fellowship to which
Christ calls us is not for parts of life, but for all of it. It is
not to stop at home or Church, it is to reach beyond the fac-
tory gate, the national boundary and the color line. All the
gulfs that separate men into self-seeking, suspicious or un-
friendly groups are to be bridged by the spirit of fellowship
that Jesus Christ releases in human life.
Our industrial and economic life we must seek to build upon
a basis of deeper fellowship. Unless brotherhood be a reality
in the shop, the mine, the marketplace—where most men spend
the greater part of their waking hours—it is not likely to be a
reality elsewhere. In this sphere it is the primary function of
the Church to infuse the lives of men with the spirit of God,
thus breeding a race of men of goodwill disposed, even eager,
to incorporate the principles of Christ’s kingdom into the
entire social order.
Vicarious sympathy for all classes of men is a prerequisite
for preaching the social gospel: Given that sympathy, let all
ministers of the gospel call men to follow Christ in all social
relations and in the practice of the stewardship of all that they
are and have. |
We gladly emphasize the fact of a steadily developing social
conscience in our country, which actually, if not consciously,
has as its underlying principle Christ’s law of neighborly love.
Our national prohibition law is a striking illustration of this
new social conscience, which brushes aside without hesitation
any claim of any individual to indulge any appetite or to per-
form any act which is a menace to the social order. The effect
upon the physical, economic, social and moral life of the nation
of this extraordinary effort of society to protect itself from
the liquor traffic has been so beneficial that it is now generally
agreed that the law will stand, based as it is upon the unassail-
able purpose “to promote the general welfare.” The present-
day duty of the moral citizenship of the Nation we believe
to be:
1. To magnify the value of the principle of total abstinence
and the obligation upon law-abiding citizens to practice the
same.
2. To make unmistakably clear to both the lawless sellers
and the lawless buyers of intoxicants that the liquor traffic has
MESSAGE TO THE CHURCHES 73
been permanently outlawed in the United States as the enemy
of society; and
3. To urge local, State and Federal Governments to co-
operate with increased vigor against the present organized
resistance to the prohibition law until as adequate an enforce-
ment of that law has been secured as of any other social
legislation.
World-Wide Fellowship
The modern world, now a single neighborhood, demands for
its very life the acceptance of the principle of fellowship
among the nations. In our world today what happens any-
where happens everywhere; what affects one affects all. We
are all members one of another. Against war, as the denial
of the Christian ideal of fellowship, we must bear clear and
united witness. The voice of the Churches is unequivocally
for the pacific settlement of all international disputes, for jus-
tice and security to all nations on the basis of codified inter-
national law, for the outlawry of war through the development
of international agencies for bringing aggressor nations under
the collective moral condemnation of the world. Realizing
that the present burden of armament not only means a terrific
economic strain, but also fosters the militaristic mind and leads
to an atmosphere of fear in other nations, we voice the clear
call of the Churches for a program of drastic reduction of
armaments by all nations, in which our Government should
participate, and, if occasion calls, should lead the way.
The fellowship which the Christian Gospel seeks includes all
races. “Has not one God created us? Have we not all one
Father?’ Whatever superficial differences there may be, the
body of humanity is one. For “if one member suffer all the
members suffer with it, and if one member be honored all the
members rejoice with it.”
Upon every Christian falls the personal responsibility to seek
justice for all, to cultivate mutual appreciation and coopera-
tion, and to dispel false racial pride or desire to dominate
others. Upon every minister of the Gospel falls the inescap-
able duty of leadership in promoting a common fellowship in
Christ as the ideal in race relations. The Christian Church
cannot lower the standards of Christ. It is therefore uncom-
promisingly opposed to any effort, organized or unorganized,
which creates or fosters racial prejudice and suspicion and
destroys that fellowship which should characterize the family
of God.
74 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
The Church’s Responsibility
From among the remaining tasks of the Church we single
out two which especially challenge cooperative endeavors—
religious education and missions, both at home and abroad.
The urgent need for constructive attention to religious edu-
cation calls for no argument. Upon this depends the moral
and spiritual fibre of our nation. Here the sorry results of
divisions of Christendom are conspicuously manifest; because
of them religious education has been all but completely ban-
ished from our public schools, to the grave peril of the na-
tion’s future. This is a sin for which the Churches and the
States should be called to repentance and to a conversion that
should find some process in, or in connection with, the public
schools, for matching intellectual training with that of a moral
and religious nature.
More directly are the Churches responsible for religious
education in the home and in the Church. That the competi-
tion for the interest of the child with growing multitudes of
other concerns becomes more and more intense, and that the
discipline of the home becomes more lax, only magnifies the
importance of redoubled effort to stimulate in the home and
provide in the Church those effective processes of education
which shall secure the spiritual foundations of tomorrow.
Both at home and abroad the work of Christian missions is
increasingly a cooperative task. In the interest of the strength
of the denominations themselves, although yet more for the
sake of the victories of the Kingdom, we urge the Churches
everywhere to cooperate with the mission boards in their pur-
pose to avoid competitive overlapping on the one hand and
consequent overlooking of less attractive fields on the other,
and to arrive at effective comity. We would also summon the
entire membership to the adequate financial support of the
magnificent enterprise of the Churches which seeks to carry
out the commission of the Master to witness for Him, begin-
ning in our own community and reaching through State and
Nation to the very ends of the earth.
Finally, it is the call to fellowship with the Master which
inheres in these differentiated calls. To this crowning fellow-
ship you, the Churches, are summoning yourselves in this fra-
ternal greeting from your representatives.
Oe
MESSAGE TO THE CHURCHES OF OTHER LANDS
The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America,
assembled at Atlanta for its Fifth Quadrennial Meeting, con-
veys to the Churches of other lands assurance of its high
appreciation of the messages received from them.
The achievements of these Churches in Christian life and
service bring new inspiration. Their courage in the midst of
grave difficulties enkindles new faith. The rich variety in
which their life manifests itself affords new intimations of the
fullness that is in Christ.
Throughout our deliberations there has been a consciousness
of the sympathy of our fellow-believers beyond the sea and a
growing sense of the larger relationships in which we are made
one with them.
To the hope expressed by these sister Churches for closer
cooperation in the defense and furtherance of the common
cause the Federal Council responds whole-heartedly.
To its sincere sympathy for those Churches passing through
great trials, it would in the largest measure possible add prac-
tical aid. It feels honored to join forces thus with the so-
called “helping Churches” of Europe, which at a time of great
distress have aided with such notable generosity and devotion.
With gratitude it recognizes the value of the Central Bureau
for Relief, not only as an organization for conveying material
help to points of need, but also as a continuing agency for
drawing together in increasingly vital relations the Churches
of two continents.
The growing sense of Protestant solidarity developed by the
common need and the common summons to more sacrificial
service qualifies us all alike for an advance in the name of
Christ of greater momentum and power.
At a critical moment, when in every country conditions make
an unprecedented demand for those things for which the
Churches of Christ supremely stand, it is ours to meet the
challenge by an as yet unexampled unity of spirit and a hith-
erto unattained effectiveness of cooperative effort.
May the years just before us be marked by a more manifest
leadership by the Spirit of the Living God; a more compelling
vision of the things which He would have us together achieve
and a more adequate reinforcement of the inner life of all our
Churches by that strength which is from above.
75
THE PROGRAM OF THE FEDERATED CHURCHES
FOR A WARLESS WORLD
(Adopted at the Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council,
December 8, 1924)
The Church of Jesus Christ throughout the world has the
responsibility for moulding the minds and wills of nations, no
less than of individuals, to do justly, to love mercy and to
walk humbly with God.
Christians of all lands and of all Churches should seek with
utmost determination to reconcile the nations, to eradicate their
misunderstandings, prejudices, hatreds, fears and suspicions,
and to create among them the spirit of unity and the noble
purpose to work together for the common good.
Ideals and Realization
Realization of the ideals and principles of the Prince of
Peace would mean the abolition of war and of all preparation
for war. This would involve the acceptance of the spirit and
the establishment of the agencies of justice, fair dealing and
goodwill between nations. It would require the friendly co-
operation of all nations in the creation and maintenance of
international law, in the determination to settle every threaten-
ing international dispute by judicial process or by proceedings
of arbitration or conciliation, and in provisions for security,
honor and economic opportunity for all alike, both great and
small. For permanent world peace can come only from jus-
tice, justice from impartial law, and impartial law only from
orderly society, organized on the principles of universal good-
will revealed to us in Jesus Christ.
For the achievement of these sublime ends, under the guid-
ance and blessing of God Almighty, we commend to the
Churches of America the following concrete suggestions:
The World Court
Let the Churches of America continue their campaign for
adherence by the United States to the Protocol of the Perma-
nent Court of International Justice, under the terms stated
by the late President Harding and urged by President Coolidge.
This World Court of Justice is not only the fruition and
consummation of many decades of American discussions, plans
and desires for international peace through justice based on
law, but also the promise of a larger and truer righteousness
and justice among the nations, a step forward in the establish-
76
PROGRAM FOR A WARLESS WORLD oi
ment of the Kingdom of God among men. This Court will,
we believe, promote the development of a well-considered body
of international law and the substitution of reason, justice and
goodwill in place of the crude and savage methods of war or
threats of war in settling international disputes and in main-
taining legitimate and vital national interests.
International Law
Let the Christians of America steadily insist that the United
States should actively cooperate with the nations of the world
in codifying existing international law and in drafting and
enacting new law to cover situations not covered by existing
law. The United States should be among the first of the great
nations on a reciprocal basis to accept the principles and the
pledge to submit to suitable international tribunals for settle-
ment every threatening dispute, whatever its nature may be.
The Outlawing of War
Let the Christians and Churches of America support with
vigor the movement for the outlawing of war. America should
heartily cooperate in the complete repudiation of aggressive
war as a legitimate method for settling international disputes,
remembering that where there is no aggression there will be
no need for defense.
Aggressive war should be branded as an international crime
and an aggressor nation regarded as having committed a crime
among the nations. Adequate and impartial agencies should
speedily be established for determining the aggressor in spe-
cific cases and for bringing to bear upon such a nation the
combined moral condemnation of the world.
Universal Disarmament
Let American Christians support with united hearts and
voices the call of all peoples for the drastic reduction of arma-
ments of every kind.
Armaments not only cost colossal sums wrung from im-
poverished peoples, block industry, hinder production, con-
sume capital, doom millions to helpless poverty, and cripple all
movements for the common good, but they also foster inter-
national suspicion, fears and hatreds in ever-widening circles
of vicious influence. They help create the militaristic mind
among their own people and also among suspecting neighbors.
The time has come for nations to prepare and carry out to-
gether vast and continuing programs for reduction of arma-
78 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
ment, in conjunction with pledges for the pacific settlement of
every threatening international dispute and with adequate guar-
antees of security and of maintenance of honor for the nations
that give themselves to the program for peace.
For disarmament must be mutual; it is impossible without
security, and security depends upon adequate and enduring
institutions and agencies for peace.
American Christians should exert every influence to secure
the issuance or the acceptance by the United States Govern-
ment of an invitation to attend a World Disarmament Con-
ference. We believe that our own Government should show
its readiness for such a step by taking the leadership in the
program for disarmament.
Cooperation with Other Nations
Let us as Christian citizens earnestly advocate the full co-
operation of the United States with other nations in efficient
international organization for the pacific settlement of every
international dispute, for the outlawing of war and for a pro-
gram of thorough-going disarmament for all, in which organi-
zation all nations may take their full share in establishing world
justice, in bearing world burdens and in maintaining world
peace.
In accordance with expressions, official and otherwise, al-
ready made by the Constituent Bodies of the Federal Council,
we advocate full, open and friendly relations between the
United States and the League of Nations, without commit-
ments which would involve us in the local politics of Euro-
pean or of other nations.
We believe that with proper reservations and a clear state-
ment of America’s principles and international policies the
United States might and should take her place at the side of
all the nations cooperating in the League and could render im-
portant service in solving difficult international problems and
in promoting world justice and understanding, world good-
will and peace.
Reestablishing Right Relations with Japan
Let American Christians study with utmost care the situa-
tion of strain recently created between America and Japan by
the action of Congress in abruptly annulling the Gentlemen’s
Agreement with Japan and in refusing even to consider Japan’s
courteous offer to adjust the matter on any terms within the
bounds of reason and honor. Congress committed an act in
PROGRAM FOR A WARLESS WORLD 79
flagrant disregard of the customary amenities and procedures
of international relations.
Congress, moreover, disregarded the constructive proposals
of President Coolidge and Secretary of State Hughes for a
friendly solution and ignored the warning of Secretary Hughes
that the proposed action “would largely undo the work of the
Washington Conference on Limitation of Armament which so
greatly improved our relations with Japan,” and that “the
manifestation of American interest and generosity in provid-
ing relief to the sufferers from the recent earthquake disaster
in Japan would not avail to diminish the resentment which
would follow the enactment of such a measure, as this enact-
ment would be regarded as an insult not to be palliated by any
act of charity.”
These actions of Congress the Federal Council of Churches
views with grave concern.
We are deeply impressed by the declaration of the Honor-
able Cyrus E. Woods, former Ambassador to Japan, that the
Immigration Act of 1924 which repudiated all obligations of
the Gentlemen’s Agreement was an international disaster of
the first magnitude—to American diplomacy, to American
business, to the Christian movement, and to American missions
in Japan. We are also impressed by his declaration that what
Congress desired might have been entirely and easily secured
without in the least affronting Japan’s honor, dignity, self-
respect, or international prestige.
The point at issue was not the complete stopping of Japanese
immigration. That principle was accepted by Japan many years
ago, and the Gentlemen’s Agreement had been from the be-
ginning honorably and faithfully carried out by Japan, as is
proved by the figures annually published by our own Govern-
ment. The point at issue was not the stopping of immigration,
but the method adopted in annulling the Gentlemen’s Agree-
ment and the enactment of a race-discriminatory law, the
effect of which was to wound and humiliate a great and
friendly nation.
Let us seek a fundamental solution of our relations with
Japan which, while completely protecting the Pacific Coast
States from all dangers of Asiatic immigration, shall be thor-
oughly courteous and free from humiliating race discrimina-
tion. The issue is not “closed.” Some friendly adjustment
must be found.
Let American Christians urge such change in the law as
would put Japan upon the quota basis, which would admit at
the maximum only 150 immigrants annually, and which was
80 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
recommended by Secretary Hughes in February last and sup-
ported by Ambassador Woods in his recent letter to the Fed-
eral Council.
The Forward Move of the Churches
The Federal Council records its deep satisfaction in receiv-
ing the stirring declarations and utterances of many of its con-
stituent bodies, calling for the establishment of a Christian
world order and for the complete abolition of war as a recog-
nized and legitimate method of settling disputes between
nations.
It rejoices that for the achievement of these high ends fif-
teen denominations have established Commissions, Commit-
tees or Departments on International Goodwill to carry for-
ward constructive educational programs within their own mem-
bership and to cooperate with one another in the common
effort to render more effective the Christian ideal of a warless
world.
Rejoicing in what has been done, the Federal Council ex-
presses its conviction that, for the full achievement of our
ideal, every national, state and city religious body should have
an appropriate and effective agency to deal with this question,
and in close cooperation with the Federal Council’s Commis-
sion actually to carry out the essential educational programs.
Denominations, pastors, congregations and church members
should be urged to realize the weight of the responsibility
resting upon them for the abolition of war and its complete
banishment from the earth.
The Federal Council earnestly suggests to all colleges, theo-
logical schools and seminaries the importance of providing for
their students effective courses on international questions and
especially on the fundamental moral principles which must be
generally accepted by nations before war and preparations for
war will cease. It urges the introduction of lessons on these
issues in Sunday-schools and in study groups and classes
within or affiliated with the Churches.
The Need for Prayer
In seeking these high objectives of world justice, brother-
hood and peace, the Federal Council calls upon all Christian
people in every church and every home to pray as a people for
forgiveness for our long apathy to the continuance of the war-
system; forgiveness for our blindness to the utterly un-Chris-
tian character of war; forgiveness for our national selfishness,
PROGRAM FOR A WARLESS WORLD 81
for our lack of love to enemies, for our self-satisfaction and
self-righteousness, for our race-pride and arrogance.
Let us pray for fresh enlightenment of our minds, that we
may see clearly where the pathway lies; for a new spirit of
devotion to Jesus Christ, our Lord; for a new desire and a
fixed will to do His will in our international relations. Let us
educate our youth and our children to have faith in the possi-
bility of achieving a Christian international life and of finding
constructive methods for its realization.
To these sublime purposes we summon the Christians and
Churches of America. Let us seek to know and do the mind
and the will of Christ, assured that these principles and ideals
of His are rooted in the eternal and unchangeable character of
God, the fountain of all justice and law, the infinite source of
reason and love. Let us dedicate ourselves afresh to the ac-
complishment of these high ends, seeking therein the guidance
and blessing of the Prince of Peace.
A PROGRAM OF APPLIED BROTHERHOOD IN
RACE RELATIONS
(Adopted by the Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council
of the Churches, December, 1924)
We have come to a period of the world when peaceful rela-
tions among racial groups in daily life are vital to the domestic
peace and prosperity of every nation and to all the nations.
The assumption of inherent racial superiority by dominant
groups around the world is neither supported by science nor
justified by ethics. The effort to adjust race relations upon
that basis and by the use of force is a denial of Christian prin-
ciples. As it applies to the relations of white and Negro peo-
ple in America it is a philosophy that leads only to suffering
and despair.
To demonstrate that Christian ideals are sufficient to solve
the difficult.problems of race relations in America is one of
the most challenging tasks before the Churches today. Chris-
tians must seek as never before to remove suspicions, fears,
misunderstandings and prejudices between racial groups and
to foster mutual understanding, tolerance, respect for person-
ality and the spirit of cooperation. We must replace attitudes
and customs based upon past fears and hatreds by those based
upon mutual interests and present service.
For policies and methods of work to that end, in the spirit
of Jesus Christ and under the guidance of God, we commend
to the Churches of America the following:
1. Face tHe Facrs.—Let the Churches of America continue their
study and discussion groups and the use of their pulpits and lecture
platforms to bring the facts of race and race relations to the light of
day. Let them help the newspapers and magazines to give larger
space and attention to the whole range of information.
The churches should continue to create a literature which shall
fearlessly present the truth in this field. The experience of history,
the knowledge of science, and the ethics and spiritual values of re-
ligion are all needed as guides toward peace and goodwill between
the races.
2. INTERRACIAL CONFERENCES. — The last few years have demon-
strated the effective utility of conferences between thoughtful, con-
scientious leaders of racial groups to discuss conditions that confront
them and to adopt plans to deal with them. These conferences have
been most effective where surveys have been made by competent per-
sons beforehand to secure data as a basis for such conferences and
program making. We urge the churches to foster and support such
surveys and conferences.
Contacts of the white and Negro people in America are largely
made during unpleasant experiences of toil and strife. The churches
afford strategic avenues of friendly fellowship under conditions that
82
APPLIED BROTHERHOOD IN RACE RELATIONS 83
make for racial respect and mutual confidence. The annual observ-
ance of race relations Sunday is commended as a step in this direction.
3. INTERRACIAL CoMMITTEES.—Experience has shown that small
committees of white and colored men and women have been indis-
pensable for effectively carrying out constructive programs to improve
conditions and race relations, especially in local communities. Let the
Christians and churches of each community and of the nation increas-
ingly give attention, service and support to such committees.
4. Justice THroucH Law.—The Churches have joined the cam-
paign to abolish lynching in our land. That campaign has met with
success as shown in the rapid reduction of the evil. Let the churches
continue the crusade until America is a lynchless land. Let us go
forward with a campaign for speedy and impartial trial for those
accused of crime and for justice in the courts that shall guarantee to
ihe citizen, irrespective of creed or color, full protection of our
aws.
5. Economic Justice.—The Negro as a producer has many handi-
caps in agriculture, industry, and commerce, because his white neigh-
bors do not regard him as a man to be dealt with on the basis of
capacity or worth. The voice and hand of the churches and of
Christians generally should be raised that equal economic opportunity
shall be accorded to every person on the basis of his ability. Amica-
ble race relations in industry and business are of vital concern to
religion.
6. REMOVAL OF DiIscRIMINATION.—The Churches of America have
a challenge to the very principles they profess in the discriminations
in housing conditions, school facilities, travel accommodations and
other public provision of our communities. For the sake of our own
ideals as well as for the protection of our fellow citizens, we are
called upon to abolish and to prevent these discriminations.
7. Our CHILDREN AND YOUNG PropLe.—The education of our chil-
dren and young people in attitudes of racial respect and appreciation
is so vital for the future that the churches cannot ignore this respon-
sibility as a part of their program of education.
The white and Negro people, the two largest racial groups in Amer-
ica, profess a common religion and common ideals of democracy.
They possess mutual interests wrought out through generations of
contact. As a result the American Churches have probably the most
unique opportunity in the world to demonstrate the processes of inter-
racial cooperation that will influence racial groups everywhere.
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PART ITI
THE WORK OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL
FROM 1920-1924
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THE FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING
THE QUADRENNIUM
A review of the cooperation of the churches in the Federal
Council during the past Quadrennium is an occasion for fresh
encouragement and larger faith. The progress which has been
made has not been sensational but it has been steady and
solid. Four years ago the churches found themselves in a
period of confusion and uncertainty following the War and
its attendant reactions. At the Quadrennial meeting of the
Federal Council of the Churches in Boston in 1920 there was
a new infusion of confidence and hope in the ideal for which
the Council stands. The adoption of the report of the Com-
mittee on Policy, looking toward a closer supervision of the
program of the Council by the denominations themselves,
added to this note of faith for the future of Christian co-
operation.
The following summary of a few of the more important
tendencies and avenues of service during the past quadrennium
will make it clear that substantial advance has been made and
that the cooperative movement among the churches has a
foundation upon which the future can build with confidence.
Evangelism
1. There has been during the past four years a growing
recognition of the central place of evangelism in the work of
the Federal Council and of the necessity for cooperation among
the evangelistic forces of the churches. There is especial satis-
faction in the distinctly spiritual emphasis which has been
given to all the phases of the Council’s work by the Commis-
sion on Evangelism and Life Service. No one could desire
for a moment any diminution, but rather great increase, of
our present emphasis on the application of Christian principles
to all the social and international problems of our day. No
one can think deeply, however, about our contemporary life
without concluding that we are not likely to experience any
great advance in public righteousness without a very great ad-
vance in personal holiness. The work of the Federal Council’s
Commission on Evangelism, and of the denominational de-
partments of evangelism that cooperate in it, has borne con-
stant witness to this truth. The Gospel has been proclaimed
with winning power in hundreds of communities, in the name
of all the churches included in the Council. More than a
score of communities every year have had the services both of
87
88 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
the representative of the Federal Council and of the several de-
nominational committees on evangelism in planning simul-
taneous campaigns in which the churches of the community
agree on special periods for concerted emphasis on evangelism.
In many more cities than those visited personally the same
type of simultaneous evangelistic campaigns on the part of the
pastors themselves is developing as a result of the demonstra-
tion of its value elsewhere. The churches have been discover-
ing that they can do concertedly in evangelism what they can-
not do separately. By their combined action they have been
able to capture the imagination of the community as no church
could do alone. They have been able to create an atmosphere
in which it was easier to talk to men about religion and their
personal relation to Christ. New power has been developed
in every congregation by the consciousness that it was par-
ticipating in a movement in which the whole strength of the
churches in that community was engaged. They have thereby
found new meaning in the word of Scripture that “one man
shall chase a thousand but two shall put,’—not two—‘ten
thousand to flight.”
During the past few months a new movement in behalf of
greater attention to public worship and church attendance has
been initiated, with the cooperation of the various denomina-
tional commissions on evangelism, through the Federal Coun-
cil. This has grown out of a conference and retreat held at
Northfield, Massachusetts, last June, in which the representa-
tives of the churches came together to consider how they
might plan together for an advance program this year.
The Commission on Evangelism has served also as a center
through which the observance of special devotional periods is
being developed in all the churches. The circulation of the
topics of the Universal Week of Prayer at the beginning of
the year and the promotion of the Fellowship of Prayer dur-
“ing the period preceding Easter have served to focus the
worship and intercession of the churches upon great common
needs.
Social Service
2. During the past four years, as during all its history, the
Federal Council’s Commission on the Church and Social Ser-
vice has been a center through which the churches have acted
unitedly in bringing Christian principles to bear more effec-
tively upon our social life. The outstanding illustration of
the quadrennium was no doubt the vigorous and successful
effort to create public opinion against the continuance of the
twelve-hour day in industry. The facts in the case, with
FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 89
especial reference to the steel industry, were carefully secured
and a statement was issued setting forth the moral issues in
such a clear light that it was published in almost every im-
portant newspaper in the country. The effect on public senti-
ment was increased many fold by securing the joint action of
the Social Action Department of the National Catholic Wel-
fare Conference and the Central Conference of American
Rabbis in issuing the public statement. As is now well known,
the greatest steel organization in the world soon afterwards
announced that in response to the demand of public opinion
steps were being taken toward the abolition of the twelve-
hour day.
That the Council is rendering a needed service in helping
churches all over the country to plan programs of constructive
social service is indicated by the requests which come from all
quarters of the country for assistance. Noteworthy progress
is being made through the combined interest of the churches
in ministering to the prisoners in county jails, in developing
a better recreational life in communities, in arousing public
opinion against the evils of child labor, and in relating the
church to other important enterprises of human welfare.
In the great movement in behalf of inculcating respect for
law, with especial reference to the Eighteenth Amendment,
the Federal Council has played a quiet but most effective part.
The notable series of conferences launched by the Citizens’
Committee of One Thousand owes its origin to the Chairman
of the Commission on Councils of Churches, and his has
been the guiding hand. The committee which has carried the
independent responsibility for this movement was created at
the joint invitation of Fred B. Smith and Hon. Carl E. Milliken,
Chairman of the Federal Council’s Commission on Temper-
ance. The service thus rendered unofficially by the Council
and without any attempt to claim credit for the Council itself,
is a striking illustration of a type of work which in varying
measure is being performed almost constantly through the
Federal Council’s agencies and staff.
Research and Education
3. One of the most significant developments of the quad-
rennium has been the establishment of the Department of Re-
search and. Education upon a more adequate basis. Four years
ago this work had been merely begun and was a part of a single
commission, the Commission on the Church and Social Ser-
vice. The needs that it met and the constant calls that came
to it from pastors and churches in all quarters for assistance
90 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
have made it clear that this bureau of research ought to be
established as a department of the Federal Council as a whole
and this step has been brought about during the past year.
The department works in the closest cooperation both with the
other commissions of the Federal Council and also with the
denominational agencies that are particularly interested in
using its materials.
The function of the Department of Research and Educa-
tion is in no sense to make pronouncements or other official
statements concerning the policy of either the Federal Council
or of its constituent bodies. Its purpose is rather to secure
impartially the informational data without which a wise and
correct judgment cannot be framed.
The INFORMATION SERVICE, publication of which was begun
early in the quadrennium upon a bi-weekly basis, is now pub-
lished weekly, and its steadily growing subscription list bears
testimony to the important service that it is rendering to pas-
tors and other Christian leaders throughout the country. It
seeks to examine contemporary issues in the light of the
Christian principles that are at stake and so to help the
churches to understand more clearly the facts of social and
international life on which they seek to bring the Christian
Gospel to bear.
Christian Race Relations
4. An advance step of far-reaching consequence was taken
three years ago in the creation of the Commission on the
Church and Race Relations. Developments since that time
have demonstrated beyond any shadow of doubt the need for
the efforts of such united activities by all the churches. Few
things are more ominous than the widespread popularity of
misleading books like “The Rising Tide of Color.” The dis-
position to despise the gifts of other races and the tendency
toward divisiveness among the races that go to make up the
one family of God are both socially perilous and unchristian.
Through the work of the Commission on the Church and
Race Relations the ideal of interracial cooperation, as opposed
to racial conflict and misunderstanding, has been given prac-
tical expression through the development of interracial com-
mittees made up of leading white and Negro citizens in nearly
a score of important cities. This remarkable progress made
in a period of less than three years indicates how great was
the need for the service of the churches in this field. The
Federal Council’s work has been carried forward with the
constant cooperation of the Commission on International
Racial Cooperation, with headquarters in Atlanta, and the
FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM QI]
lamented John J. Eagan, until his death, served as chairman
of both bodies.
A more conspicuous effort of the Council during the quad-
rennium has been its campaign of education against the lynch-
ing evil. The extensive publicity given to the facts through
the channels of the churches and through the public press
have, in the judgment of close observers, been no small factor
in reducing the appalling lynching record of America to by
far the lowest figure ever known in the present generation.
Within the last few weeks a new enterprise in behalf of
interracial goodwill has been undertaken by the Federal Coun-
cil of the Churches. This looks toward the development of a
better understanding and appreciation between Jewish and
Christian people. Through the energetic leadership afforded by
Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony, who has served as the acting
chairman of a special committee appointed by the Federal
Council’s Commission on International Justice and Goodwill,
the resources have been secured for making possible a program
of popular education in this most important area of race re-
lations.
Christian Internationalism
5. Ina world all but shattered by universal war and groping
blindly for permanent peace, the work of the Federal Council’s
Commission on International Justice and Goodwill in giving
united expression to the Christian conscience on international
affairs has been of outstanding significance. The Federal
Council’s enlarged program in this field was vigorously
pursued in connection with the National Conference on the
Limitation of Armaments, held in Washington in 1921. It
will be recalled that the quadrennial meeting of the Council
in 1920 anticipated this step by urging the United States to
take the lead in an international program for reduced arma-
ments by all nations. Competent observers of American life
have declared that, with the possible exception of the prohibi-
tion of the liquor traffic, the churches have in no case brought
their influence to bear more effectively upon a great public
issue than at the time of the Washington conference. As is
now well known, an official statement was issued by the gov-
ernment after the conference was over, stating that of the
thirteen million letters, telegrams and other requests which
came to the government urging a reduction of armaments in
some form, more than twelve million bore on their face evi-
dence of having come from people who were thinking of the
problem in religious terms.
92 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
The effort to secure participation in the Permanent Court
of International Justice has been pressed with equal vigor
during the last two years. As a result of the educational
efforts of the Council, Armistice Day a year ago was widely
observed throughout the country as a special occasion for
emphasis upon the World Court and the judicial settlement of
all international disputes. The conferences held with the
President of the United States and the Secretary of State, at
which representatives of the many denominations that had
taken official action in support of the World Court, presented
their denominational resolutions, made a most convincing dem-
onstration that the concern for the World Court permeated
the life of every Christian church.
The energy of the Council is now being directed persistently
toward an educational campaign for the outlawing of war
and constructive measures for the peaceful settlement of all
international difficulties. At the various denominational as-
semblies and general conferences which have been held within
the last two or three years repeated resolutions have been
adopted expressing the tide of Christian sentiment that is
sweeping through the churches on the issue of war. Fourteen
of the denominations have now taken official action creating
special committees to work for peace through the churches,
and their cooperation with Dr. Gulick and the Federal Coun-
cil’s Commission on International Justice and Goodwill prom-
ises to make the influence of the churches felt much more
powerfully than it has been hitherto.
Since international goodwill finds its most convincing ex-
pression in deeds of brotherly sympathy and love, the Federal
Council has begun an active program of mercy and relief.
Steady support has been given to the work of Near East Re-
lief, which is carrying on its enterprise of mercy in one of the
most war-torn areas of the world. Early in the quadrennium
the program of European relief launched by Mr. Hoover was
strongly supported. When the Russian famine came, a re-
sponse was made by the Council in the name of the churches
unitedly and with such an unexpectedly generous response
that a representative of the Protestant churches was sent to
Russia, in cooperation with the American Relief Administra-
tion, to bring relief from the Christian Churches of America
to needy clergy and their dependents and other intellectuals
in the Russian Church. The appeal from the suffering in
Germany a year ago also was an occasion for renewed activity
on the part of the Federal Council in the field of mercy and
relief. Both in the name of the churches themselves and in
FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 93
cooperation with the American Committee for the Relief of
German Children, an appeal to the Christian public of our
country was made which had the double effect of saving
thousands of lives and also of bearing testimony to the spirit
of reconciliation between America and those who were once
our enemies.
The tension of feeling during the past year between the
United States and Japan in connection with the provision of
our immigration act excluding Japanese has thrown the work
of the Committee on Relations with the Orient into strong
relief. The wellnigh unanimous feeling in the mission boards
and other agencies of all denominations that some friendly
way should be found of dealing with the question of Japanese
immigration found a united expression through the Federal
Council of the Churches. Even though the appeal to public
opinion made on this question by the Council was not imme-
diately successful, the testimony which comes from Japan
makes it clear that the sympathetic understanding on the part
of the American Churches, as manifested through the Council,
was one of the most powerful influences in helping the Jap-
anese to retain confidence in the American people in spite of
the strain put upon the existing goodwill between the two
countries. The conclusion on the part of missionary leaders
in Japan that the method and manner of the exclusion act may
have set back the progress of the Christian movement in
Japan by twenty years is leading the Federal Council to seek
the right program for educating the public concerning the
necessity for a revision of our present policy. Honorable
Cyrus E. Woods, until a few months ago the Ambassador of
the United States to Japan, has recently rendered significant
service to the Council in conference and counsel on this ques-
tion.
Cooperation with the Churches of Other Lands
6. At no time in the previous history of the Federal Council
have the relations of the American Churches to the Churches
of other lands been comparable in significance to the situation
at present. The quest for unity among the nations has led
the Christian Churches of the world to see that the supreme
contribution which they could make to world unity would be
for them to give fuller expression to the supra-national char-
acter of the Church’s fellowship. The aftermath of the war
has made the cooperation of the American Churches with the
Evangelical Churches of Europe a particularly momentous
issue. The shattered economic life on the Continent has left
04 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
European Protestantism in large areas face to face with the
greatest crisis in its history. The collapse of currencies, the
rising cost of living, the cessation of former income as a result
of the separation of Church and State, the general economic
chaos, and the devastation of war have thrown on the Churches
of Europe a burden which it is utterly impossible for them to
bear unaided. :
What the American Churches did in the period immediately
following the war in behalf of the devastated churches of
France is an illustration of what is now needed in far greater
degree in giving assistance to our brethren in Germany, Aus-
tria, Hungary, Poland and other countries where the war has
had particularly devastating results. The assistance given to
the French churches has now been completed, approximately
one and a half million dollars having been contributed to the
rebuilding and strengthening of French churches through the
Council’s channels, in addition to the large amounts expended
directly by the denominations themselves. The creation of the
Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of
Europe by the notable conference in Copenhagen, Denmark,
called on the initiative of the Federal Council of the Churches
in the summer of 1921 gives promise of now making possible
a far-reaching program of help to the Churches of the Con-
tinent. The leadership of Dr. Adolf Keller of Zurich, Switzer-
land, is making the Central Bureau an agency of outstanding
significance for both the moral and financial support of the
Protestant Churches of Europe on the part of their sister
Churches in America and other countries. The appointment
of Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich, the honored pastor of the
American Church in Paris, to serve as the representative of
the Central Bureau at the Federal Council’s office in this
country, is a second step of large consequence in the effort to
provide an effective clearing-house for the churches of this
country in their contacts with the churches of Europe. The
influence of the Central Bureau extends even further than to
the problem of relief, for the fact that in it for the first time
in modern history official representatives of most of the Prot-
estant Churches of the Continent have come together, has
tended to strengthen the cooperative movement among the
European Churches as a whole. The establishment of the
Evangelical Church Federation in Germany and of the Prot-
estant Federation in Czecho-Slovakia affords conspicuous ex-
amples of the way in which the cooperative movement in our
own country is indirectly ministering to the development of a
greater solidarity among the evangelical forces of the world.
a Zz
FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 95
This growing spirit of cooperation among the Churches of
all nations has culminated in the proposed Universal Christian
Conference on Life and Work to be held in Stockholm next
August. In the original suggestion of this conference in 1919
and in the planning for it since, the Federal Council has played
an important part. In the preparation of the reports for the
American Section the staff of the Council has given unstinted
service.
Of special interest has been the influence of the Council in
the last two years in bringing American Christianity into a
new fellowship with the Eastern Orthodox Churches. The
experience of confusion and suffering through which the
Armenian, the Greek and the Russian Churches have been
passing has led them to turn to the Christian forces of the
West and has caused the hearts of the latter to expand in
sympathy. To increase this fellowship and to establish con-
tacts of mutual helpfulness, the Committee on Relations with
the Eastern Churches, under the chairmanship of Rt. Rev.
Charles H. Brent, was established by authorization of the
meeting of the Executive Committee of the Council a year
ago.
Community Cooperation
7. Undergirding the whole program which the Federal
Council as a national agency for cooperation carries on, 1s the
work of developing cooperation in the local community. In
this field steady progress has been made during the past
quadrennium. Within that period the following additional
cities have created Councils of Churches or have advanced to
the point of financing hitherto existing Councils in such a way
as to make possible the employment of executive secretaries:
Milwaukee, Wis.; Paterson, N. J.; Lincoln, Neb.; Kansas
City, Mo.; Trenton, N. J.; Atlantic City, N. J.; Minneapolis,
Minn.; Wilmington, Del.; Omaha, Neb.; Oakland, Calif.;
Richmond, Va. There are now approximately fifty communi-
ties in which the Churches are maintaining systematic and
organized cooperation with each other through a local council
or Federation of Churches. Each of these local councils is an
autonomous body, responsible only to the Churches of that
community, but looking to the Federal Council constantly for
assistance and for inspiration.
Gradual progress is also being made in the development of
the state councils of Churches so essential to meeting the
challenge of a better organization of rural Church life and
assisting the program of cooperation in the smaller cities
which are not in a position to maintain employed executives
96 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
for leadership in cooperative work. The remarkable success
of the Ohio State Federation of Churches during the last two
or three years in knitting together the evangelical forces of
the state and in dealing with the questions of comity affords
a valuable demonstration of what can be accomplished
through a state-wide cooperation and of the necessity of em-
phazing during the coming quadrennium this phase of the
cooperative work.
Christianizing Public Opinion
8. Few experiences of the quadrennium have been more
gratifying than the unusual advance made in securing a digni-
fied and effective publicity for the Churches in the daily press.
Under the expert guidance of Mr. Hungerford, the Council’s
adviser on all contacts with the daily press, the larger phases
of the Churches’ work, especially their cooperative activities,
have been put before the public in a way that has commanded
widespread attention. In the case of such major moral issues
as support of the World Court, the abolition of the twelve-
hour day in industry, the support of prohibition and the appeal
for respect for law, the campaign against the lynching evil
and the effort to secure friendlier relations with Japan, the
united work of the Churches has been a conspicuous feature
in the daily news. Even in dealing with the more distinctly
evangelistic and devotional phases of the Churches’ work it
has been found possible to reach the public through the
columns of the daily press. For the past two years, every day
during Lent instalments of the Fellowship of Prayer, issued
by the Federal Council’s Commission on Evangelism, have
been carried in scores of papers in all parts of the country.
We have been discovering that through a central agency which
brings a message not simply from a single denomination but
from the united evangelical forces, publicity can actually be-
come a new form of evangelism and Christian education. That
the service rendered by the Council in this field has been wel-
comed by the newspapers is indicated by a letter from Mr.
Percy S. Bullen, President of the Association of Foreign Cor-
respondents in the United States, who writes:
“May I say here, as representative of the Daily Telegraph (Lon-
don) in the United States, that your publicity re Federal Council of
the Churches of Christ is the very best that comes to my office. On
various occasions I have found it valuable for cabling to London.”
Other Areas of Service
In several other important areas of work which it is im-
possible to discuss in this brief analysis, valuable service has
FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 97
been rendered during the quadrennium. The Washington
Office has been an indispensable adjunct of the Council, serv-.
ing as a constant point of contact with governmental agencies
whenever information is desired or whenever the point of view
of the Churches calls for expression. The work in behalf of
army and navy chaplains, which centers in the Washington
Office, has been bridging the gulf which has hitherto tended
to separate the Churches’ representatives in Army and Navy
from the normal life of the Churches themselves. The prep-
aration and publication of the Yearbook of the Churches, which
is a mine of information about the forces of religion in
America, has also been an important function of the Wash-
ington Office.
The Western Office has served as a much-needed inter-
preter of the Council in the Middle West.
The Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone has
filled an important place in providing a center through which
the evangelical Churches can support the union Churches in
this area, where difficult conditions present an unusual chal-
lenge to all the religious forces and where common action is
particularly essential.
The Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Tercentenary, ini-
tiated by the Council as an occasion for emphasizing the con-
tribution made by French and Belgian Protestants to the life
of America, has had the effect of strengthening the ties be-
tween the Christian forces of America and of Europe and of
strengthening the French and Belgian Protestant Churches in
public esteem.
Persistent efforts have been made to bring about a more
united approach to the local Church and the local community
on the part of the many agencies which are dealing with the
various phases of the program of Christian education. The con-
ferences held at Garden City, L. I., in 1921, and at Forest
Hills, L. I., in 1923, have called the attention of the leaders
in all phases of religious education to the necessity for a more
unified program.
The Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook,
which had completed most of its work before the present quad-
rennium began, has rounded out its service by the publication
of its last two volumes, “Christian Unity—Its Principles and
Possibilities,’ which appeared in 1921, and “The Teaching
Work of the Church,’ which appeared at the end of 1923.
One of the earlier volumes of the Committee—“The Church
and Industrial Reconstruction”—is still in large demand by
pastors and other Christian leaders throughout the country.
08 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
A Committee on Financial and Fiduciary Matters, ap-
pointed by the Administrative Committee to consider how the
great missionary and benevolent interests of all denominations
might be furthered through interesting people more widely in
generous provision for the Churches’ agencies, has found itself
dealing with such an important problem that its continuance
for the next quadrennium is clearly desired.
Summary
A glance at even a partial list of the publications of the
Council suggests the range of its service. The following are
a few of the volumes published during the quadrennium, in
addition to the many pamphlet publications in all Commissions:
The Churches Allied for Common Tasks
The Progress of Church Federation (Revised Ed.)
Christian Unity: Its Principles and Possibilities
Year Book of the Churches (annually)
The Christian Crusade for a Warless World .
The Winning of the Far East
International Christian Movements
The Teaching Work of the Church
Social Work in the Churches
Reviewing the work of the quadrennium, one might sum-
marize the service of the Council under five heads. The
Council is seen to be:
1. A greatly needed clearing house of information and conference
on matters of vital common interest to all the churches;
2. An indispensable center of coordination in fields where the de-
nominations are at work;
3. A pioneer agency in carrying on, in behalf of the denominations,
new types of work for which they have as yet no special agencies
of their own, and which they could not do alone even if they had such
agencies ;
4. An agency for developing organized cooperation among the
churches of local communities throughout the country;
5. An organ of communication and cooperation with other impor-
tant agencies—national and international, including the churches of
other lands.
Relations with Constituent Denominations
A survey of the quadrennium justifies the conclusion that
the relation between the Council and the denominations which
comprise it has been becoming more intimate and direct. To
maintain vital and representative relations with twenty-eight
denominational bodies, differing as they do in forms of organi-
zation and point of view, is an extraordinarily difficult task,
but the attempt to do so is being made constantly and honestly
and with an increasing measure of success. At the monthly
FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 99
meetings of the Administrative Committee, which includes one
official representative of each denomination, the whole pro-
gram of the Council is considered in detail and no important
actions are taken without its clear authorization. The Execu-
tive Committee, made up of about one hundred of the official
representatives of the constituent bodies, each year passes in
review the development of the preceding twelve months and
considers policies and program for the coming year.
Side by side with the development of closer relations between
the Council and the constituent bodies must go a correspond-
ing development in their responsibility for the financial needs
of the Council. The policy adopted unanimously at the last
Quadrennial Meeting, looking toward the assumption of the
full responsibility for the Council by the constituent denom-
inations, rests upon the acknowledged purpose of effecting
closer oversight of the Council in every respect by the constit-
uent bodies. Progress has been made in the assumption of
this financial responsibility by the denominations, nearly one-
third of the total budget of the Council having come through
denominational channels last year. ‘This represents nearly a
three-fold increase over the practice of a few years ago, but the
present advance is in no sense sufficient. A few of the de-
nominations are now giving a proportional financial support to
the Council which, if matched by the others, would mean a
new day of opportunity for the Council by freeing it from the
burden of having to secure from outside sources so large a
part of the funds for the work which the Council is carrying
on under the direction of the constituent bodies.
During the quadrennium the United Lutheran Church has
become a consultative member of the Council. The Evangeli-
cal Association and the United Evangelical Church have
merged in a new body known as the Evangelical Church,
thereby reducing by one the number of constituent bodies in
the Council, but giving a notable expression of the spirit of
unity.
The Council has been regularly represented at the official
assemblies or conventions of the constituent denominations in
order that its program and policies might be interpreted to the
constituent denominations and that information might be
given about any questions on which it might be desired.
Relations with Other Interdenominational Bodies
The Federal Council of the Churches and the other inter-
denominational bodies which are carrying on cooperative ser-
vice in specialized fields are gradually finding a closer rela-
100 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
tionship to each other, partly through their representation upon
the Administrative Committee of the Federal Council, where
they meet month by month for purposes of conference and for
preventing duplication of effort, and partly through their com-
mon membership on the Consultative Committee, made up of
representatives of the Federal Council and the several inter-
board agencies. The Consultative Committee has served dur-
ing the quadrennium as a meeting place from time to time to
discuss important questions of common interest and for carry-
ing forward certain studies in behalf of all the organizations,
such as the Report upon Recruiting for Christian Life Service,
now nearly completed.
We cannot close this record of the quadrennium without a
word of gratitude and affection to the many leaders in all the
Churches whose counsel and sympathy and active support
have made possible whatever advance has been made. Among
the hundreds who deserve mention, and without whom the
Council could not have carried on its work, particular refer-
ence should be made to the President of the Council, Dr.
Robert E. Speer, who has given unstintingly of his time and
has brought rich insight and wisdom to every important de-
cision. No factor has counted for more in the development
of the last four years than his rare leadership.
The work of the Council is not an outside or independent
work, but the work of the denominations that comprise it.
Its achievements are their achievements; its failures their fail-
ures. It is not a super-organization. It has no life but a
derived life, no authority but a delegated authority. It exists
to serve the common needs of the Churches that called it into
being, and desires above all things that they shall exercise the
control and assume the full responsibility that is rightfully
theirs. :
FREDERICK W. BuRNHAM,
Chairman of Executive Committee.
Joun M. Moore,
Chairman of Administrative Committee.
CHARLES S. MACFARLAND,
SAMUEL McCrea Cavert,
General Secretaries.
COMMISSION ON COUNCILS OF CHURCHES
The last four years have witnessed the steady development
of the Church Federation movement throughout the United
States. The work of organizing new councils of churches
and financing councils that had been formed but had never
employed executive secretaries, has gone forward with encour-
aging success. During this period the churches of the fol-
lowing cities have established Protestant headquarters and
employed executive secretaries:
Kansas City, Mo.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Milwaukee, Wis. ;
Atlantic City, N. J.; Paterson, N. J.; Trenton, N. J.; Wilming-
ton, Del.; Richmond, Va.; Oakland, Calif.; San Francisco,
Calif.; Springfield, Ill.; Lincoln, Neb.; Omaha, Neb., and
Haverhill, Mass.
Assistance has also been given to four cities which were in
need of being re-financed. Fewer demands are being made
upon the commission for service of this kind because the
councils are more firmly established financially.
At the close of this Quadrennium there are forty-eight
cities in the United States in which the cooperative work is
well established through the securing of executive leadership.
The Commission has in all these cases contributed the services
of its secretary in organizing councils, the cities being respons-
ible only for the expenses of the campaign. The time has
come when the city councils must accept more responsibility
for this extension work.
This increase in the number of councils of churches indicates
only in part the progress that has been made in the Federation
movement. The increased support that has been given in the
cities which have been organized—some of them for at least
a dozen years—suggest the confidence that the people have in
this plan of cooperative work. A study of the budgets made
at a recent date shows that at the present time more than five
hundred thousand dollars is raised by the cities and states to
make Christian cooperation effective. A high percentage of
this amount comes from the participating congregations.
A most important element in the progress has been the en-
richment of the program of activities. Without question, the
tendency in all these cities is to depend more and more upon
one comprehensive organization to do many things that were
formerly done by volunteer groups of individuals who were
interested in certain phases of cooperative work. The pro-
gram of cooperation has been made the richer because of this
101
102 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
dependence upon the existing organization that is built upon
the responsible unit, the local church.
At the beginning of the Quadrennium a problem that faced
practically all the councils and federations of churches was
that of cooperation in religious education. Much time has
been spent by the secretaries in studying the relation of the
council of churches to the organizations engaged in religious
education. With the working out of the relationship between
the International Sunday School Association and the denom-
inational boards having to do with religious education, form-
ing thus the International Council of Religious Education, the
problem has been simplified. The cooperation between the
newly formed organization and the councils and federations
of churches has been very close, so that there has come about
a consciousness of unity in the work that makes for greater
efficiency and eliminates the danger of friction. The most
notable development along this line has been in the city of
Chicago, where the Chicago Council of Religious Education
has been formed through the working out of a plan which has
brought into splendid working relations those representing the
Chicago Sunday School Association and the Chicago Federa-
tion. In developing this cooperation it was agreed that the
Council of Religious Education which was formed should
sustain a three-fold relationship. ‘First of all, it shall be rep-
resentative of the several communions cooperating in the Chi-
cago Church Federation and such other communions as are
cooperating in the International and State Councils of Re-
ligious Education and in the Chicago Sunday School Asso-
ciation. In the second place, it shall be representative of the
State and National Councils of Religious Education in the
area which it covers; and third, it shall be the Department of
Religious Education of the Chicago Church Federation and
the Federation shall carry on its work in the field of religious
education only through the Council.”
More and more the churches are recognizing that the coun-
cil is literally a council of churches. This has been evidenced
in the increase in the financial support that is given directly
by the churches. There has been a steady growth in the de-
velopment of the plan to put the council in the budgets of the
churches. The funds thus secured are used mostly for the
administrative expenses of the council. Various departments
are financed through the support of individuals. More and
more business men are making their contributions for relig-
ious work, locally and nationally, directly to the churches.
With the increase in the support given to the councils of
churches there has been a steady tendency to lengthen the time
COMMISSION ON COUNCILS OF CHURCHES 103
of service the secretaries are rendering in the same position.
During this Quadrennium two secretaries, Dr. Wright of
Cleveland and Dr. Zahniser of Pittsburgh, have celebrated
their tenth anniversary in the secretaryship. Four years ago it
was a very difficult thing to secure the serious consideration
of this position by able men, save those who had a vision of
what had to be done. Such is not the case today. The success
of the movement has given evidence that the council of
churches is an abiding factor in the religious life of our
cities and that there is a future for the man who goes into
this work.
The Association of Employed Executive Secretaries has
held an annual meeting each year for ten years, at which time
three or four days have been devoted to a discussion of the
principles and methods of cooperative work. In these meet-
ings the men of the different cities have been brought close
together, so that there has developed a very fine fellowship.
The recent developments make it clear that this Association
will play a much larger part in the extension of the Federation
work to all parts of the country.
With at least three-fourths of the major cities of the coun-
try organized, the next important step must be the formation
of state councils of churches. At the present time five states
are organized and employ executive secretaries, four of them
having full time secretaries: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Ohio
and California. Pennsylvania has a part time secretary but is
planning to employ a secretary for full time during the coming
year. The importance of the State Council of Churches can
be appreciated when we realize that there are scores of cities
throughout the United States that are not large enough to em-
ploy a full time secretary yet are in need of this plan of co-
operation. These cities can do the work under volunteer
leadership when inspiration and counsel can be given to them
by the representatives of the state organizations. This is being
splendidly demonstrated in the organized states. The Ohio
Council of Churches now employs three field secretaries to
secure these results.
The great problem of comity that is becoming more and
more pressing can be met only by the coordinated effort of the
state denominational bodies, especially outside the large cities.
The rural problem demands that the state council shall be
formed that the leaders may continuously and intelligently
deal with the problem. The church leaders in a number of
states such as Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Minnesota are
already moving forward in the organization of councils and
are looking to the Federal Council for assistance. The need
104 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
for the practice of comity is one of the greatest reasons for
having a state council of churches. At the same time comity
awakens fear in the hearts of some and is a real hindrance.
The fear is that an intelligent, fearless facing of the problem
of the over-churched village may mean eliminations or merg-
ings. The bold decision of one denomination to have “fewer
but stronger churches” is a step in the right direction. To
adequately deal with the comity problem calls for close co-
operation with the officers of the Home Missions Council.
One of the delightful phases of the work during the last
four years has been the close fellowship with the secretaries
of the Young Men’s Christian Associations in the cities in
which councils have been organized. In practically every
case the Association has furnished campaign headquarters and
generously contributed stenographic service and the use of the
telephone. The secretaries and their associates have given
much valued counsel in dealing with local conditions.
In some cities the secretary of the Council is also secretary
of the Council of Religious Education. Through the close
cooperation of this character with Councils of Religious Edu-
cation other cities have executive leadership in carrying out
the community programs of the churches. This again is the
case in the smaller cities. Such cooperation demands the most
capable secretaries. Under the general guidance of the leaders
of the State Council of Churches many cities are going to have
successful Councils by bringing together in working programs
the Young Men’s Christian Associations, the Young Women’s
Christian Associations, the Councils of Religious Educations
and the Council of Churches. This cooperation of the forces
of the whole church will make the church a force that will
be felt in all the life of the community.
The Executive Committee of the Council of Churches brings
into monthly conference the representatives of the churches
and of the Christian organizations in cities and in states. This
committee is the Christian Board of Strategy which is bring-
ing about unity in spirit and in action. The responsibility that
rests upon these bodies is very great. The fruits of this type
of leadership make it inevitable that no city and no common-
wealth will long be without it. Only through such cooperation
can the Church most fully meet its obligations.
Frep B. SMITH, Chairman,
Roy B. GuItp,
Harry N. HoiMEs,
Executive Secretartes.
COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM AND LIFE
SERVICE
The past quadrennium has been by far the most important
in the history of the Commission. The Churches are looking
to it as the clearing house for those great spiritual purposes
which are set forth in the constitution of the Federal Council
and which mean so much in the development of that unity for
which Christ prayed. During the quadrennium a large number
of the Churches affiliating with the Federal Council have or-
ganized distinct departments or commissions of Evangelism.
Through their activity in the development of comprehensive
plans of special appeal and service the word Evangelism has
taken on a new meaning in the vocabulary of the Church. If
it was once synonymous with revivalism centering in mass
movements, more or less spectacular and emotional, it has come
to mean far more than great meetings under men specially
called of God to be leaders in revival movements for which
the world has had great need. Evangelism has come to mean
the whole spiritual outlook of the Church, both in the realm
of the child and in the experience of the man and woman
who have turned aside from paths of peace and virtue and
need to be reclaimed by the mercy and grace of Jesus Christ.
We are emphasizing the training of the home and Sunday
School as the most fundamental part of Evangelism. Re-
ligious education is at the front in our great denominational
movements. While forms of work differ, some adopting the
catechetical method which has been honored for centuries with
marked spiritual results, we are nevertheless seeking to make
plain the fact that since Christianity is not a dogma or a creed
alone but also a life, no amount of purely intellectual appre-
hension of truth will lead a soul to a personal knowledge of
Christ as his Guide and Savior. It is the ‘truth as it is in
Jesus” to which we are committed. It is the practice and not
simply the contemplation of virtue that gives the soul peace.
The world by wisdom knows not God and the most persistent
study, even of the Bible itself, is not synonymous with virtue.
Ingersoll studied the Bible more persistently than Lincoln. One
sneered at it, the other sought to follow its teaching. Char-
acter is the deposit of conduct and conduct has its vital roots
in personal relation to God. Evangelism stands, therefore,
for the unfolding of all those principles which make for spir-
itual life and practice.
105
106 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Interdenominational Visitation
The cities throughout the country have solicited our Secre-
taries of Evangelism to assist the Churches in presenting
method and inspiration for united simultaneous effort for
spiritual results. Our office has given its time and full staff
to formulating the plans by which this could be accomplished.
The Secretaries of the several denominations have given them-
selves as far as possible to this work. Itineraries have been
arranged by our office and the Secretaries notified weeks in
advance. They have been asked to be in correspondence with
their own denominational leaders in the given area and to
urge them to make careful preparation for the meetings, to be
present and to plan to put into execution the program pro-
posed. The universal testimony is that nothing has contributed
more to the growing spirit of unity among the Churches than
to see representatives of the Baptist, Congregational, Disciples,
Dutch Reformed, Episcopalian, Evangelical, Lutheran, Metho-
dist, Presbyterian, United Brethren, Reformed and many other
Churches standing on the same platform and without a dis-
cordant note proclaiming the great evangelistic message in
which they were all alike interested. There has been oppor-
tunity also for the representative of each denomination to meet
his own people for such denominational emphasis as he thought
best to give. These meetings have been held in Boston, Brook-
lyn, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Pitts-
burgh, Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City and scores
of other cities, and in every city named we have repeated our
visits because of the insistent demand of the Churches. In the
coming January these Secretaries go to the Pacific Coast in
answer to the request of the Churches in the leading cities. We
have also developed county and state work, and are helping
in the forming of such associations as hope to meet the evange-
listic need of the rural communities. Some of the Churches—
notably the Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians—are seek-
ing by state conferences or Presbyterial movements to reach
every community where they have responsibility. They are
doing this to an extent which was not believed possible four
years ago.
A Concerted Movement for Church Attendance
Our Commission invited the Secretaries of Evangelism to
meet together at Northfield for three days in June for a spir-
itual conference, where the first object should be the seeking of
spiritual power and illumination in their own souls that they
might be fitted to lead and inspire those who were looking to
EVANGELISM AND LIFE SERVICE 107
them as key men. Under that guidance it was hoped that such
plans and methods as could be wisely used might be developed.
We were not disappointed. Thirteen denominations were rep-
resented by one or more of their leaders, in addition to their
Secretaries. By the testimony of the men themselves it was a
most remarkable meeting in spiritual power. They were in one
accord and plans were inaugurated that have already achieved
remarkable success. It was felt that the great fundamental
need of the hour was to develop the spirit of worship. A gen-
eral method of increasing church attendance was planned and
has been put into execution. A stirring paper was presented
by Dr. R. L. Russell of the M. E. Church, South, on the
“Absentee Church Member.” It was ordered printed by our
Commission and thousands of copies of it have been distributed
throughout the country. The paper by Dr. R. C. Helfenstein,
of the Christian Church, on “The Pastor and Evangelism,” is
now being printed. Our Committee on Literature, of which
Dr. F. L. Fagley, of the Congregational Commission, is Chair-
man, has sent out suggestive items for twelve messages to be
used in church and local papers. Dr. Jesse M. Bader, Superin-
tendent of Evangelism for the Disciples, was asked to send
special articles to the Churches. We have published messages
on the value of church attendance from Presidents, Governors
and Congressmen, judges and educators, as well as ministers.
Your Secretary was instructed to prepare a message on Lay-
men and the Church, thousands of copies of which have already
been distributed. It is too soon to get the full reports from
this movement to arouse new interest in public worship and
church attendance, but the pastors’ reports already in hand
indicate that nothing surpassing it in efficiency has ever been
done cooperatively by the churches. Our Canadian brethren
have also joined us and we have sent them our literature. It
was our Northfield Conference that made it possible for us to
unite all our Churches in this concerted effort, leaving each
church at liberty to push it by its own methods in its own terri-
tory, while we were able by our methods of stimulation and
publicity to put the facts before the whole country in a way to
command greater attention than any denomination could secure
alone.
We also united on a Fellowship of Prayer program, which
is more far-reaching than anything of the kind in the history
of the Christian Church in America. Last year more than
300,000 copies of this booklet were circulated and hundreds of
newspapers published every day during the pre-Easter period
the Scriptures, song and prayer that we suggested. -Certainly
millions of people had these spiritual messages called to their
108 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
attention; and many of these people would not have been in
touch with the Church or worship otherwise.
The Topics for the Universal Week of Prayer are coming
into increasing favor. In this we join with Christian people
throughout the world. Our President, Dr. Speer, has prepared
the topics for this year in cooperation with the World’s Evan-
gelical Alliance of England and they have been adopted in
twenty different countries.
Religious Life in the Past Quadrennium
This is a time for deep heart-searching on the part of the
Church. The fearful legacy of war in hatreds and jealousies
and misunderstanding among the nations has been reflected in
the Church. The quadrennium opened with greater indiffer-
ence and greater abandon in sins of selfishness, of lust and
passion than we felt before the war. Brave faith seemed
fallen, the old hopes dead. The pendulum has swung from
that, and a year ago we had the best report of ingathering for
several years, but the year now closing has been marked by an
apparent dropping in zeal and in attention to the one great busi-
ness of the Church. There have been several contributing
causes. The leaders of the churches advance two reasons as
the most potent:
First, there have been theological discussions, not always in
the kindliest spirit, which have distracted the Church from its
high task of being the salt of the earth and the light of the
world. Such discussions have at times been acrimonious. Is
it not time for the Church to catch the spirit of Nehemiah
building the walls of Jerusalem and to say to those who divert
the builders by queries and quibbles, “I am about a great work
and I cannot come down. Why should the work cease while
I leave it and come down to you?’ The task which confronts
the Church today is to build up the Kingdom. It is not a time
for talk; it is a time for work, for love and for zeal. All right-
minded men are agreed upon the great principles of the
Christian life—to deal justly, to love mercy and to walk hum-
bly with God. Say ye to the righteous, “It shall be well with
him.” Who doubts it? Say ye to the wicked, “It shall be ill
with him.” Nobody in heaven or earth or hell can deny that.
We talk about our doubts. Does anybody doubt that he who
walks with God as revealed to us in Christ walks a safe and
helpful path? Let the Church put its doubts in its pockets
and go to walking with God, and when it feels for its doubts
they will be gone. Christianity is a religion of kindness and
love. How much will knowledge without love avail? “As
much as it avails the Devil and his angels,” said John Wesley
EVANGELISM AND LIFE SERVICE 109
Let us cease all contention and go to building character after
the pattern shown in our Lord Jesus Christ, and then the walls
of the City of God will go up.
Second, there are others who feel that the emphasis upon
denominational drives for money has been too great and energy
has been diverted from spiritual work, bringing in the end an
unsatisfactory showing even in the offerings so strenuously
insisted upon.
It is not necessary to force either or both of these answers.
There will doubtless be great difference of opinion as to the
cause or causes, but the condition is not a matter of opinion
but of fact. Only one of the large Churches has made a
greater gain this year than last, and this denomination has with
full purpose of heart put evangelism at the head of all her
efforts, and doing that, her financial return has been also great.
Personal Evangelism
While there are men of God among us whose work has re-
ceived the special approval of God in tabernacles and other
mass movements, there is a growing feeling that the great
dependence of the Church must be put on the regular agencies
of the pastors and laymen of the Church. This plan has been
put into practice in many cities by pastors instructing their own
church workers how to do personal work, meeting at an early
hour each evening and then after prayer going out, in many
cases two by two, and continuing this daily for two weeks in
a given community, without special meetings of any kind. In
some cases this has been followed by public meetings, where
new converts have been urged to public confession of Christ
and to immediate action in bringing others into the same ex-
perience. This furnishes every church member an opportunity
for service, as the pastor has already made out a list of those
who ought to be reached and assigned them to his workers.
We have brought to the attention of the Churches the matter
of the absentee church member, with special emphasis on his
neglect of the means of grace. We would recommend to pas-
tors and officials throughout the Churches a change of atti-
tude in the matter of removals by church letter. Testimony
comes to us from every side affirming that in many cases it is
difficult for a member to secure a transfer to another church.
Because of that, members moving to other cities will not give
themselves the trouble or annoyance of asking for their letters.
With the coming of a new pastor their names are likely to be
dropped and so lost to the Church, or, if a church letter is re-
ceived, the pastor of the Church giving it does not keep in
touch with the member until the letter is placed in some other
110 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Church and does not inform the pastor in the city to which the
member has moved of his presence there. It is therefore very
easy to shirk all responsibility—financial and spiritual. We
would like to remind the Church of this fact and ask each
denomination if it cannot adopt some better method of looking
after its members in transit from one church to another.
The Radio and Worship
The radio is a mighty agency for good or evil. More than
three million sets are in use and there are five hundred and
sixty commercial broadcasting stations in the United States.
It is estimated that twenty million listeners constitute the radio
audience. A year ago we sent an earnest request to the Secre-
taries of City Federations and other Church leaders through-
out the country asking that they use the radio to broadcast
every Sunday, and as often as possible through the week, ser-
mons of real evangelistic value, in which the spiritual note
should be supreme. In many cities this has been accomplished
in a remarkable degree. The results in New York from the
work of the Federation of Churches have been most satisfac-
tory and hundreds of messages have been received from people
who have accepted the invitation of the preacher and given
themselves to Jesus Christ for life and service.
Some, however, are questioning the spiritual value of the
radio. They are affirming that many remain at home from
the morning service, and without spiritual or physical prepara-
tion hear the message over the radio. All the accessories of
worship are absent, and the critics say that under such circum-
stances the prayers themselves lose most of their value, the
family is confirmed in habits of personal indolence, and the
Church and pastor lose the inspiration which comes from their
presence in the sanctuary. This is a matter to be settled by
actual experience and we shall be glad to know what the re-
sults of this new form of the proclamation of the truth really
are.
J. Ross STEVENSON,
Chairman.
CHARLES L. GOODELL,
Executive Secretary.
COMMISSION ON CHRISTIAN EDUCATION
The special effort of the Federal Council of the Churches in
the field of religious education during the past quadrennium
has been to secure a more effective correlation of the many
agencies already working in this field. The need for a cor-
relation of programs is almost unanimously admitted by the
educational leaders in the Churches. A host of agencies,
Sunday School, Week-day School, Vacation Bible School,
Mission Study groups, Young People’s Societies, Y. M. C. A.,
Y. W. C. A., Scouts, Camp Fire Girls and others are all pro-
jecting important programs, but there is at present no common
understanding in accordance with which each agency ap-
proaches its work in the light of what is being contributed by
the others to the total education of the individual. The result
is that these agencies are often competing with each other for
the attention of the same boys and girls, while other groups in
the community are unreached by all of these agencies.
A significant conference for the purpose of discussing this
problem, held under the auspices of the Federal Council at
Garden City, Long Island, May 12-13, 1921, attended by rep-
resentatives of most of the agencies, offered programs of
religious education. This conference included in its findings
the following declaration:
“We register the conviction that some more inclusive coordina-
tion is essential to the complete fulfillment of our whole educa-
tional task. We feel an imperative need for some continuous
provision for conference on the part of all the agencies carrying
on the many-sided work of Christian education. Such problems
as those which we have considered in this Conference are not the
concern of one agency alone, or even of a group of agencies cov-
ering less than the whole field; they can be solved adequately only
as the various agencies make their plans in full knowledge and
understanding of what is being planned by others. To awaken
the public conscience to the need for Christian education; to
secure a system of Christian education that shall include the whole
community; to reach the groups outside the churches and now
untouched by any of our agencies; to relate the work of the
Sunday School, of the agencies for missionary education, of the
Young People’s Societies, of the Young Men’s and the Young
Women’s Christian Associations, of the Boy Scouts and other or-
ganizations in the local community more closely to one another;
to adjust the Church’s educational work to that of the public
school; to study religious education scientifically and to make the
best use of modern research in general education; to organize
more effectively the religious influences in the institutions of
higher learning that are not supported by the churches; to corre-
late the Church’s agencies for religious education in the parish
with her agencies for religious education in her schools and col-
111
112 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
leges—these and other problems all demand the united considera-
tion of all the agents of Christian education if the most effective
program is to be achieved.”
The work of this gathering was carried forward by a con-
tinuation committee until the Spring of 1923 when a second
Conference on Correlation of Programs was held at Forest
Hills, Long Island, May 2-4. The Findings of this gathering,
which were as follows, have drawn wide-spread attention to
the necessity for a more united approach to our common edu-
cational task:
“1. The child in the local group is the basis of correlation of
program material.
“2. Local initiative and experimentation in program- -making are
to be encouraged and stimulated, even in the less resourceful com-
munities, rather than the adoption of prescribed programs of
activities.
“3. In order to make available a vane of source material in a
form usable by local communities, and in order to give them
stimulus, help and guidance, typical programs should be developed
nationally. Such programs should grow out of local experimenta-
tion, and every effort should be made to prevent them from be-
coming fixed and static.
“4. National organizations have important functions to perform
in encouraging experimentation, comparing the results from vari-
ous communities, serving as a clearing house for successful
methods, developing and training leaders and especially in sensing
problems or plans that might be typical of any large grouping in
American or world society, so that there may be the outlook of
the larger groupings as well as of the local community.
“5. In view of the larger value which comes from the develop-
ment of plans locally, and in view of the fact that no one type
of program can meet the needs of every community or group, pro-
grams should be presented by the national organizations in such
form as will make possible individual selection and adaptation and
stimulative initiative and resourcefulness. Community groups
should work out plans locally, using national programs as source
material in meeting different kinds of situations.
“6. As an immediate step in facilitating this procedure, the com-
mon, as well as the distinctive material of the different programs
now existing should be codified and cross-referenced so as to make
it more available. for use in the development of self-directed
activities.
“7. We note with appreciation the fact that the Committee on
International Curriculum of the International Lesson Committee
plans to have integrally related to its work on a church-school
curriculum all the elements involved in the entire program of
religious education.
“8. We recommend that each of the general agencies concerned
in religious education be asked to name two representatives to a
Council on Correlation, which would serve as a clearing house of
problems and plans of mutual concern.
“We recommend that this Council be convened at an early date
by the Commiteee which called this Conference.
CHRISTIAN EDUCATION 113
“While this Council will form its own organization and determine
its own functions, we recommend
(a) That it give attention to the codifying and cross-referencing
of present program material;
(b) That it consider the possibility of further cooperation on
the part of all agencies concerned in the preparation of program
material.”
The Council on Correlation which was recommended by the
Forest Hills’ Conference has held frequent meetings since that
time under the chairmanship of Rev. Benjamin S. Winchester,
who out of his long experience with the Sunday School Move-
ment and his intimate contacts with nearly all the other agen-
cies of religious education, brought an unusual equipment for
this task. Most of the agencies, which were represented in the
Forest Hills’ Conference, have designated at least one repre-
sentative to sit regularly in the discussions of the Correlation
Council. The progress made has been slow at times owing to
the fact that the members are all drawn from the busy ad-
ministrative staffs of the various cooperating agencies, but con-
siderable progress has been made in analyzing the actual life
situations of young people between the ages of twelve and
seventeen, with a view to ascertaining more accurately just
what each of the existing agencies has to contribute to the
meeting of these life needs.
It is the present plan of the Council to undertake to work
out a correlated program of education for dealing with a few
of the more urgent religious and social needs of young people,
such as, education for temperance, education for honesty and
education for Christian race relations. It is hoped that the
experience gained through this limited attempt at correlation
may help to guide towards a more complete correlation of
educational programs. |
Other important phases of educational work are being con-
stantly carried on by many of the Commissions of the Federal
Council, especially the Commission on the Church and Social
Service, the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill
and the Commission on the Church and Race Relations. The
recent establishment of the Department of Research and Edu-
cation for the Council as a whole is expected to bring together
under a more unified direction all phases of research and
education now being carried on by the Council.
WILLIAM ADAMS Brown,
Chairman.
COMMISSION ON THE CHURCH AND SOCIAL
SERVICE
The Commission on the Church and Social Service has had
a rapid development and a steadily widening range of service
between the years 1920 and 1924. The growth of the Research
Department falls almost entirely within this period, and the
same is true of the Industrial and Community Conferences, of
which above one hundred and twenty-five have now been held.
Work has been undertaken in the fields of child welfare and
delinquency, and a large volume of service has been rendered
by the Department of Community Relations, which includes
assistance to local churches in developing their community
service, and similarly to state and city federations of churches,
and interesting and important relations with national social
agencies and movements.
Development of the Research Department
Rev. F. Ernest Johnson came to the Commission as a part
time secretary in 1918. By the close of that year a long-con-
templated Department of Research was begun, and by the end
of the quadrennium the Information Service had been started,
studies had been made of industrial conflicts in Denver and
Lawrence, and of the Motion Picture industry, and the first
volume of the Industrial Problem Series, “What is the Chris-
tian View of Work and Wealth,” had been completed.
The Department, however, has had its main development
during the last four years. With the growth of its experience
and effectiveness it became desirable to extend its service to
other Commissions of the Council, and finally within the cur-
rent year another need which has been long foreseen was met
by constituting the Research Department a Department of
Research and Education for the entire Council.
Since the work of the Department of Research and Educa-
tion, both in its former capacity and as at present constituted,
appears in a separate report, it is not necessary to restate it
here.
Community Conferences
The Secretarial Council, made up of the denominational sec-
eretaries for social service, has had from the beginning a pri-
mary interest in the interpretation of Christian principles to
economic conditions. It may truly be said to have been their
most absorbing interest.
In the Spring and Autumn of 1920 the Commission began
holding conferences in industrial centers, with a view to dis-
114
CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE 115
cussing the relation of the church to industry with pastors and
laymen, and if possible to induce Christian employers and
leaders of organized labor to consider the possibility of work-
ing out cooperative relations along Christian principles, instead
of the prevailing state of either active or latent antagonism
which obtains in so many industries. The tirst trial conference
was held in Atlanta, in May, 1920, when under the inspiring
and generous leadership of the late John J. Eagan, Mr. Earl
Dean Howard, of Chicago, and the Executive Secretary met
in conference first the pastors of Atlanta and in the evening a
large number of the employers of the city.
Since that time approximately 125 conferences have been
held in various parts of the country, including the cities of
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Rochester, Buffalo, Cin-
cinnati, Dayton, Columbus, Detroit, Chicago, Kansas City,
Topeka, Omaha, Des Moines, Minneapolis, Salt Lake City,
Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, San Francisco, Fresno, Bakers-
field, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, El
Paso, San Antonio, Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, New
Orleans, Birmingham, Spartanburg, Norfolk, and numerous
smaller industrial centers.
In most two-day conferences Sundays are devoted to the
discussion of the meaning of Christ’s teaching as to the human
relationships of industry. In addition to clergymen who have
specialized in this field, large use has been made of the volun-
tary service of employers and leaders of labor who have done
serious thinking or experimentation in industrial relationships.
In the Boston conference sixty-five pulpits were opened on one
Sunday, and the cooperation included the Catholic Archdio-
cese, the Jewish and the liberal churches. In the Buffalo con-
ference also a number of speakers were brought in for Sunday.
Gradually a considerable group of suitable speakers, from
both employers and labor, and including also ministers and
professors of sociology and political economy, have been dis-
covered in various parts of the country. They have given their
time generously and with real interest, in spite of the fact that
they have sometimes faced criticism from their own groups
and that the conferences have often been inadequately set up
because of the lack of a field secretary to go in advance.
The scope of these conferences has been gradually broadened
to meet local demands. Pastors have desired discussion of the
problems of the local church, especially its social program, staff,
housing and administration. In most conferences a session,
usually a luncheon or dinner, is devoted to a meeting between
the local Council of Social Agencies and pastors and church
social workers, to discuss more effective cooperation between
116 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
churches and social agencies, in relation to social case work
and family welfare. The problems of delinquency, religious
work in jails, public recreation, motion pictures, social hygiene,
and the development of the church as a seven-day-a-week
center of neighborhood life receive increasing attention. The
general plan of these conferences has been not to attempt to
set up special meetings, except with pastors and social workers,
but to place speakers in pulpits and with luncheon clubs,
chambers of commerce, universities, women’s organizations,
labor temples, and of late before high schools.
In May of 1924 an experiment was tried out in Ohio, in
cooperation with the Ohio Council of Churches. Advantage
was taken of existing County Councils of Churches, and con-
ferences were held in fifty-five counties and larger centers of
population. Five teams were organized for a period of three
Sundays and two intervening weeks, and a rural specialist
was placed on each team at the request of the County Councils.
The plan was found in practice to be too elaborate to work to
the best advantage, but it was instructive and very much
worth while.
For the future the experience of four years’ experimentation
has made it clear that a field secretary to go in advance for
purposes of organization and to attend to follow-up is indis-
pensable. Given a field secretary, it is desirable to hold as
many conferences as can be properly set up. If the Christian-
izing of industry is to be taken seriously, especially considering
the vastness of the nation, it is imperative to work in a large
way.
Other Relations to Industry
The Commission has had other contacts with industrial af-
fairs. It felt called upon to protest against the Open Shop
movement in 1921 as against sound public policy insofar as
that movement sought the destruction of the organized labor
movement. In this it was joined by the National Catholic
Welfare Council. In 1923 the Commission issued a study of
the twelve-hour day in the steel industry, and voiced the opin-
ion of the churches that it should be brought to an end. Once
again the Federal Council of Churches, the National Catholic
Welfare Conference and the Central Conference of American
Rabbis united their influences. On the 25th of May, 1921, the
heads of the industry rejected the appeal of President Harding
that the long shift be abolished; but within a few weeks, under
pressure of public opinion aroused by the churches, the Amer-
ican Iron and Steel Institute reversed its decision.
During the coal strike and the threatened strike on the rail-
CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE 117
roads, the Commission in cooperation with the National Cath-
olic Welfare Council and the Central Conference of American
Rabbis, exerted its influence for conference and settlement.
Three joint statements were issued to the public on the coal
strike. Conferences were held with the President, with the
Secretaries of Commerce and Labor and with committees of the
Senate and House, urging a study of the coal industry by the
Government in order to bring the essential facts at issue before
the country and to furnish information for an effort to control
intermittency in the industry.
It was recognized in advance that some of these efforts
would arouse misunderstanding or antagonism, and that they
could not hope to be wholly free from errors in judgment,
but it was believed that a true teaching church, which is com-
mitted to human welfare and has in mind the creation of a
more Christian social order, must be willing to take such
a risk. We see no reason to think that these actions were
mistaken.
One significant feature of these efforts for industrial justice
and good will has been the demonstration of inter-communal
solidarity and cooperation. At a time when the nation is rent
by religious controversies, the people have had the edifying
spectacle of Protestant, Catholic and Hebrew trusting each
other and working together for social welfare.
Help to Local Churches
During the last eight years the Commission has been devot-
ing increasing attention to the problems of the local church, to
the relation of local churches and councils of churches to com-
munity organizations, child welfare and delinquency, and to
working out relations of national social agencies and move-
ments with churches in communities. These are the natural
and near-at-hand forms of social work in which every pastor
and every church can and must engage. These phases of work
have been grouped together in the Department of Community
Relations. They have received and still receive much of the
personal attention of the Executive Secretary. During 1921
and 1922 Miss Helen Ward Tippy acted as Assistant in the
Department. She conducted studies and developed a bureau
of information on the best experimentation by the various de-
nominations in different types of local churches, rural and
urban. She also made studies in the Summer Activities of the
Church and in Social Dancing in Parish Houses, the latter at
the request of the Congregational Department of Social Ser-
vice. She was also Secretary for a year of the Study Com-
118 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
mittee on Community Organization of the Lane Conference, of
which the Executive Secretary was Chairman.
Rev. Carl H. Barnett came to the Commission as Secretary
of Community Relations in May, 1923. He has carried for-
ward the work already begun. Research into the development
of various types of local churches has been continued. A
Speakers’ Bureau, centering mainly on industrial problems, has
been created for the use of church forums. A recent study
has been completed of Churches in Business Blocks at the
request of The First Christian Church of Oakland, California.
An illustrated lecture on The Housing of the Seven-Day
Church, with lantern pictures of some of the best recent build-
ing of different denominations, with special reference to social
requirements, has been prepared and duplicate sets made for
denominational secretaries. This address is now given in most
Industrial and Community Conferences, and frequently before
local congregations preparing to build. The lecture concretes
the problem of the social work of the local church and is
effective in the education of congregations for the support of
a program which the pastor desires to undertake.
Thus there has grown up quietly and normally through a
period of years an important and steadily growing service
bureau on the work of the local church, majoring on its social
aspects, which is of large value to churches throughout the
country, and which serves to give the Federal Council much
needed contacts in communities. Without these and other local
contacts by its commissions, the Federal Council seems far
away and unreal to the local churches of the land. When
denominations have their own organized service for their local
churches, and when it is desired, the information secured by
the Department is made available to them and passes through
their hands. A great many requests, however, are of a char-
acter which require direct answer.
Child Welfare
A Committee on Child Welfare, to deal first with the prob-
lem of church institutions for the care of children, was created
in February, 1922, with Mr. Henry W. Thurston, of the New
York School of Social Work, as its chairman. The Committee
consists of denominational officials responsible for such institu-
tions and of specialists from the field of child welfare. The
study of such institutions, begun by the Interchurch World
Movement, was brought down to date and standards for guid-
ance of church institutions were drawn up. The next move
was to conduct field studies and to make helpful contacts with
denominational officials and with local institutions, especially
CHURCH AND’ SOCIAL SERVICE 119
with those discovered to be below standard. It soon became
apparent that the work to be done demanded the time of an
experienced executive, and an effort was made to finance such
a secretary, but without success. An arrangement was then
worked out with the Child Welfare League, by which that
Organization put a secretary into the church field, working in
liaison with the Committee on Child Welfare of the Commis-
sion. Mr. H. W. Hopkirk was secured and has been at work
for a year studying the problem and gradually making contacts
with institutions and denominations. It is to be regretted that
the denominational departments could not appropriate moneys
and that the Federal Council itself was not in a position to
finance this secretary.
Delinquency and Jails
Five hundred thousand persons are believed to pass through
penal institutions in the United States in the course of a year.
This fact and the problem of juvenile delinquency in commu-
nities constitute one of the gravest problems of modern civiliza-
tion; a problem which was close to the heart of the Saviour and
is strictly one of redemption. It is difficult for local churches
to do anything in prisons and reformatories, but they can work
directly in the thousands of jails, lock-ups and other penal in-
stitutions throughout the country; and they have an extraor-
dinary opportunity for the prevention of juvenile delinquency
through club organizations and other parish activities of local
churches.
With these possibilities in mind and with the friendly assist-
ance of the American Prison Association, the National Com-
mittee on Prisons and Prison Labor and the Russell Sage
Foundation, a Committee on Delinquents was set up in 1922
under the chairmanship of Rev. Charles N. Lathrop, and with
a membership of officials of churches and distinguished spe-
cialists working in different fields of delinquency.
It was decided to concentrate on religious and social work
in jails as a first effort. Visits have been made to local jails
in widely scattered communities, and a pamphlet on the jails
outlining methods of work and approach for local committees
of church people has been published. A study course on De-
linquency is being prepared by the Research Department, and
an information volume on the American Jail is being written.
Child Labor
In October, 1923, the Commission decided to use its influ-
ence, and so far as possible that of the cooperating denomina-
tional departments of social service, for the passage of bills by
120 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
the Congress to submit to the states an amendment to the
Constitution of the United States empowering the Congress to
legislate for the control of the evil of child labor; and if this
should be successful, for ratification by the states. A study
was made of methods in social legislation followed by the
more important national organizations interested in social
legislation. As a result, it was concluded to be legitimate for
the churches to bring to public officials in Washington the
conviction of the churches that child labor should be abolished,
and later to educate public opinion in the states. It was
decided to follow always educational methods, and in no case
to participate in any attempt to elect or defeat individual
candidates. This general policy was approved by the Colum-
bus meeting of the Commission in December, 1923.
Acting upon these instructions, a widespread and effective
effort was organized working through denominational depart-
ments, the church press, denominational assemblies and directly
through pastors and influential persons in various states. The
Federal Council became an important factor in the joint effort
of twenty-four national organizations working for the Amend-
ment. The Executive Secretary became a member of the small
Steering Committee of seven representing the Protestant group,
while Father John A. Ryan, Director of the Department of
Social Action of the National Catholic Welfare Conference,
represented the Catholic Church. The plan of action worked
out received practically unanimous approval in Industrial and
Community Conferences during the period, and from pastors,
editors and church officials. The Commission is now entering
actively into campaigns for creating public opinion in the
several states.
The Commission in thus undertaking service in the field of
social legislation has determined on a policy of supporting a
very limited number of the most urgent measures, and those
only after careful study; to avoid personalities and bitter at-
tacks; to seek to keep always in mind the spirit and method
of Christ ; but once a measure has been adopted to push it with
vigor to its finish.
Labor Sunday Messages and Industrial Review
Following the precedents of other years, the Commission
has maintained friendly contacts with the organized labor
movement. The Executive Secretary attended the American
Federation of Labor as a friendly visitor in 1921. The Re-
search Secretary represented the Commission in 1922, and Rev.
Arthur E. Holt, at Portland, in 1923. This year Rev. Alva W.
CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE 121
Taylor was chairman of the delegation at El Paso, and Rev.
Hubert C. Herring, Rev. W. B. Spofford and the Executive
Secretary also attended. Pulpits of the city were supplied on
Sunday, November 23rd.
The Labor Sunday Messages during the quadrennium were
as follows:
For 1921. Responsibility of the Church in Industry.
fi ks 1922. Review of the Year and Human Relationship in In-
ustry.
For 1923. Industrial Review of the Year, with Interpretations.
For 1924. The Interpretation of the Social Ideals of the Churches.
Beginning with 1922 the annual Industrial Review was in-
augurated. This has become an important and permanent
feature of the annual Labor Sunday Message, summarizing as
it does the more important happenings of the year in the field
of industry.
Other Items of Service
The Commission has prepared during 1923 the report on
The Church and Industry for the American Section of the
Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work, which
meets in Stockholm in the Summer of 1925. The Executive
Secretary is Secretary also of the Commission on the Church
and Economic and Industrial Problems of the American Sec-
tion.
The Commission on the Church and Country Life at its an-
nual meeting in Atlantic City in January, 1923, requested the
Commission on the Church and Social Service to assume the
Executive management of the Commission until such time as
it could be properly organized and financed. The responsibil-
ity was assumed with the understanding that the Executive
Secretary should be assisted by Mr. B. Y. Landis, Rural Sec-
retary of the Department of Research and Education, which
was granted. Plans are now being worked out which it is
hoped will reconstitute the Commission on the Church and
Country Life on a permanent basis.
A recent development in the relation of the church to social
work is the growing recognition of the importance of co-
operation from the churches by public welfare officials. Two
years ago the Director of the State Board of Welfare of North
Carolina came to the office of the Commission asking advice
and assistance as to how to secure better cooperation from
pastors with County Superintendents of Welfare. Recently re-
quests have come from New Jersey and Georgia relative to the
same problem in the welfare institutions of those states. The
Commission has done everything in its power, with its limited
staff, to meet these requests, realizing that the churches have a
122 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
duty to assist the state in these forms of service to unfortunate
and delinquent citizens.
Members of the Secretarial Council have given a part of
each summer for the last three years to lecturing at pastors’
summer schools of affiliated denominations, especially Drs.
Taylor, Holt, Armstrong, Cavert, Sanderson and the Execu-
tive Secretary. The latter has been on the faculties of twelve
schools during the quadrennium lecturing on “The Social Prin-
ciples of Jesus,” and ‘““The Program, Staff and Administration
of the Seven-Day Church.”
Official relations have been worked out during the quadren-
nium with several additional denominations, including the
Methodist Episcopal Church, South, the Seventh Day Baptist
Church, and the Reformed Church in America, by which they
have appointed representatives on the Commission, supported
by effective social service within the denomination. Represen-
tatives of the Inner Mission of the United Lutheran Church
and the Universalist Church of the United States and Canada
are sitting in without membership.
Never in all the years of pastoral service, in which the
chief concern was always for the spiritual life of the people,
has the Executive Secretary felt nearer the heart of Christ or
more in harmony with the great purposes of the Kingdom of
God than during these years of associated effort in the forms
of service covered by this report.
SHELBY M. Harrison,
Chairman
WortH M. Tippy,
Executive Secretary
COMMISSION ON TEMPERANCE
The Commission on Temperance, having no budget with
which to maintain an executive staff, has carried on its work
during the quadrennium chiefly in cooperation with other
phases of the Federal Council’s activities or general move-
ments in the interest of temperance.
In accordance with a vote of the Administrative Committee
the Commission on Temperance prepared the following state-
ment which was issued in the name of the Federal Council of
Churches shortly before the November election in 1922.
The public announcement of the program of the forces opposed to
prohibition is a direct challenge to the churches and the friends of
orderly government. They demand the repeal of the national pro-
hibition act and the restoration of the manufacture and sale of beer
and wine, in the face of the fact that both are intoxicating and
therefore cannot be legalized without first changing the Constitution.
Furthermore, the sale of beer and wine would require some agency
for distribution, and so would lead inevitably to the return of the
outlawed saloon with all its attendant evils.
Even more serious than the open campaign against prohibition are
the sinister influences constantly at work to prevent the honest en-
forcement of the existing law. To disobey or disregard any law
enacted by the properly accredited representatives of the people is to
aid the cause of anarchy and to undermine the foundation on which
all democratic institutions rest. In the ringing words of President
Harding: “Whatever breeds disrespect for the law of the land is a
force tending to the general breakdown of the social organization.”
The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America there-
fore appeals to all Christian people to exert every influence to secure
the impartial enforcement of all laws. Since the foes of prohibition
are now united to defeat the Constitution, it is high time for the
Christian forces of our country also to unite and to be as consistent
at the ballot box in their support of the Constitution as its enemies
are in attempting its nullification.
This statement was widely circulated in religious publica-
tions and in the secular press and was extensively distributed
by mail in the states where the question in some form was an
acute issue in the election.
As suggested in the statement, it is the urgent patriotic duty
of the churches and of all friends of good government to
combat the insidious propaganda now being circulated against
prohibition and to cooperate in bringing to the support of
officials who are honestly enforcing the law the same powerful
moral backing which aided so greatly in the adoption of the
Eighteenth Amendment and the statutes which put it into
effect.
In addition to the issuance of this statement, the Commission
123
124 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
has joined with other organizations in representations to the
authorities in Washington regarding sale of intoxicating liquors
on ships of the United States and the problem of further
checking liquor smuggling from Canada and Mexico.
The Commission arranged a conference with denominational
temperance boards and other allied organizations in the hope
of working out a vigorous campaign of education in support
of temperance and enforcement of existing laws against the
manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages.
By authority of the Administrative Committee, the Presi-
dent of the Federal Council and the Chairman of the Com-
mission on Temperance appointed delegates who represented
the Federal Council at the Convention of the World League
against Alcohol at Toronto.
The most significant activity of the Commission during the
year 1923 was participation in the organization and call of
the Citizenship Conference held in Washington in October.
Though the Conference in fact as in name was widely repre-
sentative of the best citizenship of the nation and was not
confined to the membership of churches, it was felt that the
appropriate commissions of the Federal Council offered the
best available starting point. Accordingly the chairman of
the Commission on Temperance joined with the chairman of
the Commission on Councils of Churches in taking the initial
steps, which assembled first a small group, then a great calling
committee of about eight hundred, and finally the Conference
itself, with about a thousand delegates.
The success of the Conference is a matter of history. The
publicity given it in the columns of newspapers all over the
country was greater than in the case of any similar conference
for many years. It furnished a crystallizing point for bring-
ing together and making effective the growing indignation of
the decent citizens of the nation against defiant disobedience
to law. It challenged the conscience of the Church and re-
vealed the need of greater loyalty to faithful officials. It out-
lined in practical form the necessary steps of cooperation
between federal, state and local officials. It has been followed
by many other similar conferences throughout the country.
Another important undertaking in which the Commission is
interested is the extensive survey of the present status of pro-
hibition which has been carried on by the Federal Council’s
Research Department for several months and the results of
which will soon be available.
Cart E. MILLIKEN,
Chatman.
COMMISSION ON THE CHURCH AND RACE
RELATIONS
Under authority granted by the Quadrennial Meeting at
Boston in 1920, the President of the Federal Council called
together leading white and colored citizens at Washington,
D. C., July 12, 1921, and there was formed the Commission on
the Church and Race Relations, the youngest Commission of
the Council. It aims to bring to bear the ideals of Christian
brotherhood upon the relations of different racial groups in
America, particularly Negro and white. The charter members
of this Commission set forth as its foremost purpose to assert
the sufficiency of Christianity as the solution of race relations
in America. It was this faith that served as the basis for
beginning this work—the faith that white and Negro people,
and other racial groups in America, would respond to an appeal
through the churches for attitudes and action of brotherly
goodwill in the place of hostility and prejudice.
The Commission for three years has persistently and effec-
tively sought the methods of applying this goodwill in the
everyday relations of life between the races. As the work has
made progress, our convictions, vision and enthusiasm have
enlarged and our assurance that our program and methods
were sound has increased. During the three years the Com-
mission has met with success beyond sanguine expectations—
both white and Negro churches, North and South, East and
West, having responded with an unexpected enthusiasm to a
genuine effort to apply the method of interracial cooperation
rather than the method of domination and exploitation.
The following are some of the outstanding achievements of
the three years.
I. Interracial Conferences:
In 1922 about forty-five interracial conferences, some of
them of an informal type, were held or attended by the Secre-
taries of this Commission at the request of communities as
widely scattered as Atlanta, Ga.; Cleveland, Ohio; St. Louis,
Mo., and Indianapolis, Ind. The large response and some of
the constructive measures which local white and colored leaders
adopted as a result of these conferences in that year led to a
more systematic setting up and carrying through of such local
conferences in 1923 and 1924.
125
126 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
In February, 1923, a conference on Negro Migration was
held, made up of white and Negro church leaders from eighteen
cities in seven states representing several denominations, social
service agencies, the Young Women’s Christian Association,
the Young Men’s Christian Association, the Council of
Women for Home Missions, the Home Missions Council, and
directors of Negro work in the North for four of the large
denominations. This conference drew up a summary of find-
ings and recommendations to churches and local communities
for dealing with Negro newcomers and urged the leaders in
local communities to hold conferences and work out plans of
cooperation to meet the situation. Widespread interest in many
localities was the result and several communities at once began
to follow some of the recommendations. There followed dur-
ing 1923 local interracial conferences in St. Louis, Mo.; Buf-
falo, N. Y.; Toledo, O., and Chicago, IIl.
The type and influence of these conferences may be illus-
trated by the results that have been achieved following them.
The St. Louis, Mo., conference resulted in an interracial de-
partment being organized under the Community Council of
Social Agencies, which has a part-time executive and is carry-
ing on a community-wide program. At Toledo, Ohio, the local
Council of Churches made a thorough survey of conditions of
Negro life and race relations under the leadership of a survey
expert. After about one hundred of the white and colored
leaders of the agencies of the city had spent a day in discussing
the facts and recommendations of this survey, they adopted a
program and divided the carrying out of its recommendations
among several organizations, including the city’s Health De-
partment. The conference in Chicago led to the formation of
the Race Relations Commission, under the auspices of the
Chicago Church Federation, but including in its membership
social, civic and other interests. At Dayton, Ohio, an inter-
racial council was formed under the Community Council, a
preliminary survey was made and a program of work adopted
in which several agencies joined.
The success of these conferences in 1923 showed that they
were effective in building constructive interracial programs
and movements in local communities. In 1924 similar confer-
ences were held at Cleveland, Ohio; Wichita, Kan.; Milwau-
kee, Wis., and Minneapolis, Minn. In each of these cities
some preliminary study was made of Negro life and conditions
and of race relations. The conferences, usually of two or
more sessions in one or two days, were given over to full and
CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS 127
free discussion of the facts as ascertained by the survey and to
the formulation of a program of work based upon a careful
weighing of the facts in the whole situation.
So fruitful have these local conferences proved that acting
under joint committees appointed by the Executive Committee
of this Commission and of the Commission on Interracial Co-
operation (with headquarters in Atlanta), the officers now
have completed preliminary arrangements for a National Inter-
racial Conference to be held, probably at Cincinnati, Ohio,
next year.
II. Establishment of Interracial Committees:
Mainly as an outcome of the interracial conferences, inter-
racial movements have been stimulated and have developed in
nearly all of the communities where the conferences were held
and in several other cities. Some cities, learning of the suc-
cess of the work in other places, have developed their com-
mittees, are beginning to study their conditions and to promote
some practical activities as the first steps of their interracial
movement, with the probability of conferences and general
community survey and programs to be made later. Indianap-
olis, for example, has formed an interracial committee under
the Council of Social Agencies after two years of experiment
with a small committee under the Indianapolis Federation of
Churches with the cooperation of the local Young Men’s
Christian Association, Young Women’s Christian Association,
and other agencies. The present committee is city-wide in
scope and interest. Gary, Ind., has set up a very active Race
Relations Commission, following a visit of the Secretary of the
Federal Council’s Commission in June, 1924. Brooklyn, N. Y.,
has begun a committee. In all, interracial committees or com-
missions have been started in the following seventeen cities:
Brooklyn, N. Y. Kansas City, Mo.
Buffalo, N. Y. Minneapolis, Minn.
Chicago, Ill. Milwaukee, Wis.
Cincinnati, Ohio. Philadelphia, Pa.
Cleveland, Ohio. St. Louis, Mo.
Dayton, Ohio. Toledo, Ohio.
Gary, Ind. Wichita, Kansas.
Hartford, Conn. Youngstown, Ohio.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Three additional cities have plans for interracial confer-
ences and committees probably within the next six months.
The Governor of Pennsylvania appointed a State Interracial
128 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Commission which is making a state-wide survey for recom-
mendations of plans for improving race relations to be pre-
sented to the Legislature. The Governor of Maryland was
authorized by the Legislature this year to appoint an Inter-
racial Commission consisting of a score of leading white and
colored citizens empowered to make a survey of conditions in
the state and recommendations to the Governor and Legislature
in 1927. The Secretary of the Federal Council’s Commission
has been in conference with some of the members of the Mary-
land body to advise them on plans and methods. In New Jer-
sey a volunteer State Interracial Commission, on the initiative
of several leading citizens of that state, has been formed and
has begun an experiment of promoting local action in two or
three of the most populous cities of that state. The Federal
Council’s Commission has helped them with their organization
and in the promotion of their plans.
Perhaps the question will be asked why these conferences
have not been pushed into the Southern field. The answer is
that one of the purposes in forming the Federal Council’s
Commission was to help in every way the work already so well
done by the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, which has
functioned so effectively in the South. The closest affiliation
has been maintained with this Commission, its Director being
one of the Secretaries of the Federal Council’s Commission,
and both organizations have been strengthened by the coopera-
tion and division of labor.
ITI. Successful Campaign Against Lynching.
Following out the purpose adopted by the Commission “to
array the sentiment of the Christian churches against mob
violence,” a few weeks after beginning active work in 1922 a
campaign was launched to marshall the churches against the
atrocious lynching evil. A pamphlet, “Mob Murder in Amer-
ica” was prepared. Nearly 25,000 have been placed in the
hands of church leaders, North and South, and hundreds of
newspapers all over the Nation published news stories based
upon it. With the cooperation of the Commission on Inter-
racial Cooperation the women and church leaders of the South-
ern states were interested. Through the Federal Council’s
“Information Service” and in other ways the facts about the
Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill were disseminated when it was be-
fore Congress.
The Commission has issued for the past two years an an-
nual Non-Lynching Honor Roll which classifies each state
according to the number of years it has been free from the
CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS 129
evil. In both years this Honor Roll has been published in the
newspapers throughout the nation. This year it received wide-
spread editorial comment from the press and the Literary Di-
gest of April 5 gave a page and a half to the Honor Roll state-
ment, added a map of its own making based upon our state-
ment of the facts, and quoted a number of editorials. Un-
doubtedly one of the important factors in the reduction of
lynching has been this marshalling of the influence of the
churches during the past three years against the evil. In 1922
there were 57 victims of lynching in the United States; in 1923
there was a drop of about 50 per cent to 28 victims, the smallest
number for any year since records have been kept. During the
first six months of 1924 there were only 5 victims as against
13 for the same period last year; and up to November 1, 1924,
there had been only 13 recorded lynchings—a drop of 50
per cent from last year. The campaign among the churches
will now be pressed even more vigorously with the full ex-
pectation of having a lynch-free year in our land by 1926.
IV. Race Relations Sunday.
Racial harmony, we are beginning to see, is dependent upon
racial attitudes and feelings. We cannot have racial peace
until we begin to feel and think in terms of racial peace. Our
Commission has striven strenuously to find practical methods
of arousing friendly feelings and attitudes and removing the
attitudes of fear and prejudice. It was decided that an excel-
lent method would be to get representative members of the
different races together in church, religious exercises and pub-
lic gatherings on some Sunday each year. The Commission
inaugurated Race Relations Sunday, the second Sunday in
February, when many of the Home Mission Boards usually
make special features of their activities among colored people.
Last year through the cooperation of Home Mission Boards,
Y. M. C. A.’s, Y. W. C. A.’s, local missionary societies, local
churches and many social agencies as well as religious and
social leaders, the day was observed in localities as widely
scattered as Philadelphia, Chicago, Los Angeles, Kansas City,
Little Rock, and New Orleans. Many newspapers published
editorials and extracts from our leaflet of suggestions for the
day. White and colored choirs exchanged; white and colored
pastors exchanged pulpits; and in cities like Dayton, Ohio,
and Kansas City, Mo., special joint interracial mass meetings
were held. In Chicago, through the guidance of the Chicago
Church Federation, six white and six Negro pastors exchanged
pulpits and related the experience afterwards as follows:
A white Baptist minister said: “It gave me personally a better un-
derstanding of the problem than I had previously had. It also could
130 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
not help but soften the prejudice of the people present. Will be glad
to repeat the experiment again.” The colored Baptist minister who
exchanged with him said: “Had the finest kind of a time over there.
Never spoke to a more cordial audience. At least fifty persons came
forward after the service and shook hands with me.” A white Meth-
odist Episcopal minister said, in speaking of the impression on his
own people of the Negro minister who filled his pulpit: “Everything
went fine; our people were very much pleased; good turn-out; splen-
did address; they applauded Mr. ————— at the close and were
delighted with his message.” A colored Congregational minister
said: “As many as fifty people from Dr. A.’s church expressed ap-
preciation and hoped that the pastors might exchange pulpits again.
My people were more than pleased with Dr. A. here.” The white
minister with whom he exchanged said: “Reception was better than
we had expected; the attendance was unusually good.” The following
comment of a white Baptist minister is especially striking: ‘Turned
out fine; there were a few people in my church who feared this might
be a step toward social equality; received one letter of protest. It
was the right thing to do, however, and I was glad to do it in spite of
some objections. Our church sold to the colored people property
worth half a million dollars for a very small amount; a number of
members of the congregation sold properties worth $20,000 for $6,000,
due to influx of colored people. These conditions made the situation
seem different in our church. The colored speaker, however, was
very well received and very cordial expressions were heard concern-
ing his sermon.”
This day will be next observed on Sunday, February 8,
1925 ; ten thousand copies of our leaflet giving suggestions and
material for the observance are being used in churches all over
the land. This observance is now becoming in reality a nation-
wide celebration. In this way members of the races are being |
brought into contact under conditions and circumstances where
friendly feelings are aroused, where pleasant experiences are
had, and where expressions of friendly cooperation and recog-
nition of mutual interests are made. The interest manifested in
Race Relations Sunday is one of the clearest illustrations that
the churches can promote race relations by practical methods
and establish interracial peace in our land if they exercise in-
telligence and faith in holding up the ideals of brotherhood for
which they stand.
V. A Program of Publication and Educational Publicity.
During the Commission’s three years of existence it has had
a large share in one of the most thorough educational and pub-
licity programs ever undertaken on race relations, especially
from the point of view of interracial cooperation. Besides as-
sisting in the educational publicity work of the Interracial
Commission for two years, the Federal Council’s Commission
CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS 131
has prepared regularly a special Race Relations Number of
the Information Service in cooperation with the Research De-
partment of the Federal Council. About six of these numbers
have been issued each year. The sifted facts about what is
being said and done over the world in racial relations is pre-
sented. To test the value of this Service last fall the Editor
sent out a circular letter to a number of subscribers asking
them whether they thought these special Race Relations num-
bers of value and whether they should be continued. The
responses were almost unanimous that these numbers should
be continued and that they had met hearty approval.
The Missionary Education Movement brought out “The
Trend of the Races,” in 1922, written by the Secretary of the
Federal Council’s Commission. The Commission had a hand
in helping to get that book before large numbers of church
leaders in different parts of the country, in assisting study
groups in many churches to secure and use collateral informa-
tion, and in securing speakers for their study courses. Over
68,000 of this book were sold, mainly through the channels of
denominational boards. |
The following informational pamphlets and leaflets on race
relations have been published and distributed by the Commis-
sion :
PRION EM OLOeL fol VAAINET ICA joins Doses vee caer yn eee: 25,000
“Churches at Work for Interracial Cooperation”.... 5,000
“Action of the Churches on Race Relations’”........ 5,000
Race Relations Sunday Pamphlet: 1923.............. 5,000
POZA he nee 10,000
In preparation to be published in 1924:
Housing. “Pamphlet (liver see oe OR ds 5,000
Pamphlet on Economic Life of Negroes.......... 10,000
Reprints of addresses and magazine articles covering various
phases of the race question have also been used. Material has
been supplied to newspapers, magazines and other important
publications. Responses too numerous to keep account of have
been given to requests of teachers, students, mission study
classes and other organizations for reliable information on
Negro life and race relations.
VI. Summary and Conclusion.
Perhaps the greatest achievement of these three years of the
Commission on the Church and Race Relations is not in the in-
terracial conferences held, the committees and other agencies
organized, the campaign against lynching, the Race Relations
132 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Sunday observances, or the printed pages issued. The most
outstanding achievement, it seems clear, is the fact that the
organized Protestant Churches of America have assumed seri- |
ously and aggressively the task of marshalling the forces of |
the Christian conscience to attack the hoary evils of this situa-
tion and to press Christian ideals of brotherhood upon public
opinion and in interracial contacts in America. When the
newspapers have carried our articles and news items they have
given main emphasis to the fact that the Churches were rally-
ing against lynching; the Churches were promoting a Race
Relations Sunday; the Churches were seeking interracial co-
operation in industry and in other phases of our daily life.
The mind of the people has sensed the moral and ethical values
of the great question of race relations, and as the Churches
have begun in this organized way to promote activities to solve
the ethical problems involved on the basis of justice and
brotherhood, there has been a tremendous response of approval
from the public, and a new consciousness of the power and
reality of practical religion in the Churches themselves.
Up to about five years ago the general sentiment seemed to
be that riot and friction and racial conflict were the only meth-
ods of adjusting race relations in America. Many people who
wished for and believed in the method of understanding and
‘cooperation were pessimistic. Some of them were really near
despair. Undoubtedly it is true that during the past five years
a change has come in the public opinion which has turned the
corner with its face toward the rising sun of interracial co-
operation. While the Federal Council’s Commission and the
Commission on Interracial Cooperation have been only a part
of the forces at work, the organization of these forces is gen-
erally recognized to have been a most important factor.
Again, this interracial movement has resulted in the removal
of suspicion and distrust and breaking down of fears and pre-
judices between the races in increasing degree. Individuals
and groups of Negro people, North and South, as never before
are beginning to express their confidence in white people and
their hope of justice at their hands. Individuals and groups
of white people who, heretofore knew little about colored
people or had very erroneous notions about them are repeat-
edly voicing their surprise and satisfaction in being awakened
to the fact that their Negro neighbors were persons of wonder-
ful potentialities with gifts to contribute to American life,
—
CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS 133
One note of sorrow must be sounded, the loss of Mr. John J.
Eagan of Atlanta, who from the day of the creation of the
Commission to his lamented death this year, served as its
chairman, and gave to it a far-seeing and devoted leadership
that was the most conspicuous factor in its success.
GrorGE E. Haynes,
Executive Secretary.
COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE
AND GOODWILL
From the very beginning of the Federal Council of the
Churches, the problem of abolishing war and of establishing
the international institutions for permanent peace based on
justice and the cooperation of all for the security and the right
of all, has been one of its major interests. A Commission on
Peace and Arbitration, which later became the Commission on
International Justice and Goodwill, was established at the out-
set, with Dr. Frederick Lynch as its first Secretary. A Com-
mission on Relations with Japan came into existence in 1914,
and two years later was expanded into the Commission on Re-
lations with the Orient. At the Quadrennial Meeting in 1920,
this latter body became a sub-committee of the general Com-
mission, and the whole program has since that time, by the
force of events, become one of the major concerns of the
Council.
A full record of the Federal Council’s activities bearing on
international relations would require a volume. Even those of
the past four years cannot be adequately described in this
necessarily brief report. We confine ourselves to what is
hardly more than a reference to the outstanding events.
The Situation in 1921
At the beginning of this quadrennium tension between
America and Japan was serious. Many were the prophecies
that war was certain and would soon begin. Thanks, however,
to the agreements and understandings reached by the Wash-
ington Conference on Limitation of Armament convened in
the fall of 1921, not only were those war clouds rolled away,
but the Four Power Pact, pledging ten years of peace in the
Pacific, has prevented the recurrence of those fears and sinister
prophecies, notwithstanding the strain in international feelings
due to the recent Japanese exclusion Act of Congress.
The Washington Conference on Limitation of Armament
The part taken by the Churches before and during that Con-
ference on Limitation of Armament and in support of the
prompt ratification of the nine treaties there drafted was
widely recognized at the time. The pamphlets on “The
Church and a Warless World,” aggregating nearly 300,000
copies; the three separate “Calls to 150,000 Churches” issued
during the year, amounting in all to about 170,000 copies; the
134
INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 135
letters, telegrams and petitions received by President Harding
and Secretary Hughes, urging a policy of real naval reduction,
signed by 13,878,671 names, according to the official report of
the Committee appointed by Secretary Hughes; the pamphlets
entitled “Problems of the Pacific and Far East” and “The
Achievements of the Conference as Steps toward a Warless
World,” together with numberless lesser documents and an
enormous correspondence, constitute a record of practical and
effective activity on the part of the Churches which would have
been impossible without a cooperative body like the Federal
Council.
An indication of the impression made by the activities of the
Churches may be gained from the following statement by Lord
Riddell, a member of the British delegation:
“Since coming to America I have been particularly impressed
and deeply interested in the work of the churches in behalf of
peace. Their campaign of educational publicity through the
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America has been
one of the most effective pieces of work in behalf of peace
that I have seen. Through the newspapers it has had wide
influence and has meant much to the Conference on Limitation
of Armament. In their nationwide publicity and educational
work they have placed the responsibility for the success of the
Conference on Limitation of Armament on the individual. It
has made each man and woman feel that he or she must act,
must work for peace. ... This is the kind of publicity that
counts and will get results. The Churches of America have
shown the way.”
The International Ideals of the Churches
The adoption by the Executive Committee of the Federal
Council at its annual meeting in Chicago in 1921 of the “In-
ternational Ideals of the Churches of Christ in America” has
been followed in subsequent years by their adoption by most
of the denominational national assemblies.
I. We Believe that nations no less than individuals are subject
to God’s immutable moral laws.
II. We Believe that nations achieve true welfare, greatness and
honor only through just dealing and unselfish service.
III. We Believe that nations that regard themselves as Christian
have special international obligations.
IV. We Believe that the spirit of Christian brotherliness can
remove every unjust barrier of trade, color, creed and race.
V. We Believe that Christian patriotism demands the practice
of goodwill between nations.
VI. We Believe that international policies should secure equal
justice for all races.
136 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
VII. We Believe that all nations should associate themselves per-
manently for world peace and goodwill.
VIII. We Believe in international law, and in the universal use
of international courts of justice and boards of arbitration.
IX. We Believe in a sweeping reduction of armaments by all
nations.
X. We Believe in a warless world, and dedicate ourselves to its
achievement.
In addition to this brief statement of Ideals, the Executive
Committee at its successive sessions has adopted significant
statements, drafted after long study and conference, bearing
on international relations, issued in large folders with the
titles: “A Declaration of Ideals and Policy Looking Toward a
Warless World” (1921); “America’s International Obliga-
tions” (1922); and “International Goodwill” (1923). These
documents have been given extensive circulation in other lands
as well as in the United States, and have been quoted widely
in the public press.
Problems in the Near East
The debacle and tragedy in Smyrna in the fall of 1922.
stirred American Christians deeply and led to vigorous de-
mands for action of some kind. Repeated communication was
had with the Department of State and with the President, and
the Council became an avenue for the united voicing of
Christian sentiment in behalf of the minority peoples. The
appeals for relief funds for distribution through the Near
East Relief helped that agency to carry on its noble work. The
one bright spot in all that prolonged tragedy—not yet ended—
has been the continuing generosity of the churches in supply-
ing the needed millions of dollars to feed and clothe tens of
thousands of destitute, homeless orphans.
The Commission to the Far East
During the winter of 1922-23 a special Commission was sent
to the Far East to carry a Message of Christian Greetings and
Goodwill to the Churches and Christians of China, Korea and
Japan. On account of the Smyrna disaster, the Chairman of
the Commission was prevented from fulfilling his part of the
program. The secretary, however, was able to establish first-
hand contacts of an important character with the Christian
forces of the Orient.
The World Court of Justice
During the autumn and winter of 1923-24 the major part of
the Commission’s activities was devoted to the campaign in
INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 137
support of American adhesion to the Permanent Court of In-
ternational Justice. A document entitled “The Churches of
America and the World Court of Justice’ was prepared and
mailed to 70,000 pastors, the total circulation of the pamphlet
exceeding 100,000. In connection with the World Court Cam-
paign, representatives of the Federal Council held conferences
with Secretary Hughes, President Harding and President
Coolidge on four different occasions. The cooperation of the
religious organizations in behalf of a judicial settlement of
international disputes has been notable and has made a deep
impression.
Armistice Day in 1923 fell on Sunday, November eleventh ;
it was accordingly designated “World Court Sunday.” Pastors
were asked to deal with the problem of War and Peace on that
day, and to make it the occasion for promoting in their various
church groups the study of world peace as related to the World
Court of Justice. These suggestions were widely followed.
Study groups all over the country devoted time to the World
Court question, and on Armistice Sunday tens of thousands of
sermons dealt with the question.
The World Court Hearings
After months of delay, the Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee finally and apparently reluctantly consented to hold
Hearings on the question of American adherence to the Perma-
nent Court. Two days (April 30 and May 1, 1924) were al-
lowed for the Hearings, which were participated in by many
organizations, secular as well as religious.
The Commission had prepared a “Memorial to the United
States Senate,” containing not only the resolutions passed by
many denominations, city Church Federations and other reli-
gious bodies, with the resolution adopted by the Executive
Committee of the Federal Council, but also a petition signed
by more than one thousand of the officials in the denomina-
tional organizations. This “Memorial” was presented at the
“Hearings” and was also handed personally to every Senator
or his secretary in his office. Denominational representatives
participated in the Hearings in large numbers, Bishop Brent,
Vice Chairman of the Commission, serving as the general
Chairman of all the delegations, both secular and religious.
Those “Hearings” were reported by all who attended to have
been exceptionally impressive, because of the large number of
138 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
delegations participating but also and especially because of the
moral enthusiasm and conviction manifested by all.
The Japanese Exclusion Law
Early in the year 1924 American Japanese relations came
suddenly to the front because of a section of the immigration
bill proposing to deny admission to the United States of “aliens
ineligible for citizenship.” This section proposed to annul the
“Gentlemen’s Agreement” with Japan for the regulation of
Japanese immigration and to substitute a flat exclusion of all
Japanese with only a few exceptions for temporary visits. The
proposal would not only abruptly abrogate the Agreement but
also violate the treaty of 1911.
The Administrative Committee took prompt action in the
shape of a strong resolution, which was conveyed personally
to Secretary Hughes and to the Chairmen of the Immigration
Committees of both the Senate and House and sent also to
every member of Congress. Representatives of the Churches
took part in the Hearings on the Bill given by the Senate Com-
mittee on Immigration. As the discussion continued it became
clear that sinister political interests were at work. Even the
efforts of Secretary Hughes and President Coolidge to have
the matter settled in a way that would be in harmony with the
principles of international courtesy were flouted by Congress.
During those weeks the Christian forces all over America took
prompt action, letters and telegrams and resolutions from
Church bodies and religious groups going in in large numbers
to the President, to Secretary Hughes, and to the Chairmen
of the Immigration Committees of the Senate and House.
Christians on the Pacific Coast were not behind those of the
rest of the country in supporting the proposals and policy of
President Coolidge and Secretary Hughes. A representative
of Californian Christians was sent to Washington for the ex-
press purpose of opposing the enactment of the law. But three
politicians representing the anti-Japanese agitators of the
Pacific Coast were also sent to Washington. They stayed
there nearly two months, and triumphed over the forces making
for fair and honorable treatment of Japan. The immigration
bill was passed in spite of President Coolidge’s protests and
became law. Before passage it was adjusted to conform to
the treaty of 1911, but it annulled the Gentlemen’s Agreement
in a manner universally regarded as discourteous and humilia-
ting to Japan.
Secretary Hughes, in his letter of February 8, 1924, to Con-
INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 139
gressman Albert Johnson opposing the Japanese exclusion sec-
tion of the law, said :—
“There can be no question that such a statutory exclusion will be
deeply resented by the Japanese people. It would be idle to insist
that the provision is not aimed at the Japanese, for the proposed
measure . . . . continues in force the existing legislation regulat-
ing Chinese immigration and the barred zone provisions of our im-
migration laws which prohibit immigration from certain other por-
tions of Asia. The practical effect of Section 12 (b) is to single out
Japanese immigrants for exclusion. The Japanese are a sensitive
people, and unquestionably would regard such a legislative enactment
as fixing a stigma upon them. I regret to be compelled to say that I
believe such legislative action would largely undo the work of the
Washington Conference on Limitation of Armament, which so greatly
improved our relations with Japan.
“The manifestation of American interest and generosity in pro-
viding relief to the sufferers in the recent earthquake disaster in
Japan would not avail to diminish the resentment which would follow
the enactment of such a measure, as this enactment would be regarded
as an insult not to be palliated by any act of charity. It is useless to
argue whether or not such a feeling would be justified. It is quite
sufficient to say that it would exist. It has already been manifested
in the discussion in Japan with respect to the pendency of this
measure, and no amount of argument can avail to remove it.
“The question is thus presented whether it is worth while thus to
affront a friendly nation with whom we have established most cor-
dial relations and what gain there would be from such action. Per-
mit me to suggest that the legislation would seem to be quite unneces-
sary even for the purpose for which it is devised.”
The ultimate results of that needless and wanton act will
slowly appear as the decades pass. A deep wound was in-
flicted on Japan’s feelings of goodwill and admiration for
America. Her resentment and mortification were revealed by
the scores of meetings of protest held in all the principal cities
of Japan on July 1, 1924, the day when the law went into ef-
fect. Both Houses of the Diet in special session passed solemn
resolutions of protest: they declared that their protest would
not be dropped until the wrong had been righted and a basis
for right and honorable relations for permanent friendship
had been laid. The thought and feeling aroused by our act
among Japan’s leading citizens have been described in striking
form by Dr. William Axling, a missionary of the American
Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, in a pamphlet entitled
‘Japan Wonders Why” published in June by our Commission.
Denominational Commissions on Peace
The appeal of the Executive Committee at its annual meet-
ing in December, 1923, to all the constituent bodies of the
Federal Council to declare their convictions regarding the
Christian program to abolish war, requesting each denomina-
140 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
tion to establish a Commission or Committee or Department to
deal with the international problem, received wide response.
Practically all of the denominational assemblies which met dur-
ing the year 1924 passed the resolutions suggested, and many
of them that had not already done so established Commissions
or allocated the task of promoting educational programs on
peace to some already existing Committee or Department.
Twelve of the constituent bodies have taken such action.
In September, 1924, representatives of these agencies met at
the office of the Federal Council for their first official gather-
ing, when important steps were taken looking toward effective
cooperation with each other in the future.
The denominational resolutions referred to above were com-
piled and published (in part) in September in a sixteen page
document entitled ““The Churches of America Mobilizing for
World Justice and World Peace,” with a sub-title “Movements
for the Outlawry of War.” It also contained an analysis of
the Borah-Levinson Plan and the Draft Treaty Plan for the
Outlawry of War, Security and Disarmament. This pamphlet
was issued in connection with the “Sixth Call to 150,000
Churches” to observe Armistice Sunday (November 9, 1924),
as a day of special emphasis on the Christian program for a
war-free world.
The Committee on Mercy and Relief
During the Quadrennium the Commission’s sub-Committee
on Mercy and Relief, under the chairmanship of Dr. Fred-
erick H. Knubel, has been repeatedly called on for service.
Mention should be made of the cooperative work in the cam-
paigns for China famine relief and Japan earthquake relief.
The pitiful appeals from Russian famine sufferers in 1921 led
to the formation of a special large Committee to collect funds
for the relief of the starving children of Russia. In this con-
nection a strong Commissioner was sent to Russia to represent
the Federal Council in the distribution of the fund and to con-
vey to the Christians of Russia a message of sympathy and
goodwill from the Christians of America. Dr. John S. Zelie,
the Commissioner, rendered significant service in performing
this delicate and important task.
Distressing conditions developed in Germany in the fall and
winter of 1923-24. To express in practical ways to German
Christians the goodwill of American Christians a Committee
for relieving the starving children of Germany was formed and
Dr. E. L. Mills was called from Europe to take charge of this
undertaking. The Federal Council’s Committee cooperated
INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 141
intimately with the Friends’ Committee and with the nation-
wide organization headed and directed by General Allen.
The needs of the refugees in Greece also received special
attention during 1923-1924 and an appropriation for their
medical relief was secured through the American Red Cross.
Committee on Mexico
A sub-Committee on Mexico was formed in 1922 to study
proposals and methods for cultivating better mutual under-
standing and goodwill between America and Mexico. A special
visit to Mexico of the chairman of the Committee, Dr. Henry
Goddard Leach, and the General Secretary of the Federal
Council, Dr. Charles S. Macfarland, initiated the work of this
Committee. During the fall and winter of 1923-24, Dr. O. W.
E. Cook, a missionary to Mexico of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, was secured for special service; and in October, 1924,
in cooperation with a group of business leaders the Mexico
Society was established in New York under the Presidency of
the Honorable George Foster Peabody. The membership of
this Society consists of leaders in business and education as
well as in the Churches. The purpose is to foster mutual good-
will and understanding and to this end to make use of practical
methods now in process of being worked out.
Friendly Relations Between Christians and Jews
A sub-Committee to combat the rising tide of anti-Semitism
in the United States, by promoting in concrete ways better
understanding and appreciation between Christians and Jews,
has been formed and is getting into operation just as this
report goes to press. Preliminary studies of this question and
preparations for this Committee have been in process for nearly
two years, under the wise and effective chairmanship of Dr.
Alfred Wms. Anthony. The Committee presents the follow-
ing statement of its plans:
“Perhaps no page of history, called Christian, bears more
blots and stains upon it than that which records the relations
of Christians and Jews during almost two thousand years.
Some countries of Europe have suffered even more than has
America with passions, strifes, persecutions and pogroms, and
yet America has not been wholly free from prejudice and in-
justice, and recent tendencies have seemed to bring the peril
nearer.
“It is appropriate that the interdenominational organizations
of our country should be in a position to understand the causes
of racial and religious bitterness here at home, and to oppose
the waves of passion which, stirred by various unsocial
142 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
agencies, threaten the peace and the security of our people and
our national institutions.
“In several parts of the country distinct movements against
anti-Semitism and other forms of bigotry and hatred have
arisen. One, which began in the office of the Home Missions
Council and was reported to the Administrative Committee of
the Federal Council February 10, 1923, occasioned the forma-
tion of a Committee (as a sub-committee of the Commission
on International Justice and Goodwill) on Goodwill Between
Jews and Christians. Since its beginning this Committee has
been busy with shaping of a program, enlisting the support of
individuals and organizations and preparing for active service
in its field. Already the financial support of the Committee is
practically assured by the pledges of a few generous givers
guaranteeing $15,000 a year for the period of three years.
Rev. John W. Herring, former Pastor of the First Congre-
gational Church, Terre Haute, Ind., was elected Secretary of
the Committee and began work November 10, 1924.
“In general the objectives of the Committee will be the fol-
lowing:
(1) To ascertain the causes of racial illwill and to dis-
cover how these causes may be removed or modified ;
(Z) To establish contacts between Jews and Christians in
cities where conditions make it advisable, so as to have several
centers throughout the country of people seeking to promote
understanding and cooperation ;
(3) To discover the things within a community, social and
political, which both Jews and Christians may do in coopera-
tion and so aid each other in human welfare and community
benefits ;
(4) To watch the press and other public utterances and en-
deavor to correct false and irritating statements and promote
the spread of sound and proper information;
(5) To create a literature which will help shape a better
public opinion ;
“It is well understood that the whole program must be one of
education for the sake of understanding and cooperation and
cannot secure immediately all of the good results hoped for.
The campaign, therefore, will be a patient and earnest one,
thoroughgoing as far as it goes;
_ “Tt is clearly recognized that whatever may be accomplished
in this country, in the promotion of goodwill will have an in-
fluence in other countries. We are not blind to the interna-
tional consequences of wise procedure in America.”
INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 143
Institutes at Chautauqua on International Relations from
the Christian Viewpoint
In August, 1923 and 1924, in cooperation with the Chautau-
qua Institution, this Commission has held Institutes on Inter-
national Relations from the Christian Viewpoint. A dozen
lectures each summer by eminent specialists on the throbbing
questions of the day have dealt with them constructively as
well as analytically. Audiences ranged from 1000 to 2500.
Forum discussions following most of the lectures were sig-
nificant and valuable. The press throughout the United States
featured with remarkable fulness the reports of the addresses.
Other Important Activities
Necessary brevity compels mere reference to the remarkable
meetings held in several of our eastern States and in Europe
of the Tercentenary of the Huguenot-Wallon emigration to
America beginning in 1624.
“Many interdenominational committees and organizations
have been formed to do things. Here is one that has been
brought together solely to study. Its members are convinced
that the churches need, first of all, to do serious thinking and
need to think together.”
This statement, made by the publishers of the Reports of
the Committee of the War and Religious Outlook suggests
clearly and concisely the peculiar significance of this Com-
mittee.
The history and activity of the Committee since it began its
work at the close of the war were presented so fully at the
quadrennial meeting of the Federal Council last December that
it is unnecessary to do more than refer to them here. At that
time the Committee had produced and published (in addition
to the comprehensive bibliography on the War and Religion,
and a series of brief monographs under the general heading
“The Religious Outlook”) three important volumes, all repre-
senting a body of collective thinking carried on by the thirty
members of the Committee and several score of other men and
women whom the Committee had associated with itself in
making its studies.
The first of these reports entitled “Religion Among Amer-
ican Men, As Revealed by a Study of the Conditions in the
Army,’ undertook to bring together the experience of a large
number of Chaplains and others who had been in intimate
touch with the cross section of our American manhood which
was found in the army, and under these revealing conditions
had the opportunity of gaining new insights into the religious
habits and convictions of the men whom the church js seeking
to reach.
The second volume dealt with “The Missionary Outlook in
the Light of the War.’ It endeavored to survey the, develop-
ments in each of the more important mission fields following
the war, and to reinterpret the whole missionary movement in
the light of the new world horizon created by the experience
of the war.
The third volume, and the one which has attracted most
widespread attention, dealt with “The Church and Industrial
Reconstruction.” The aim of this study was, first of all, to
secure agreement as to what are the fundamental Christian
principles which are to be applied to modern industrial rela-
tionship and to use these principles as a standard for judging
174
WAR AND THE RELIGIOUS OUTLOOK 175
all existing conditions. The volume has so commended itself
to the churches and to Christian organizations that it has been
used widely as a textbook for bible classes, Y. W. C. A. and
Y. M. C. A. groups and is still in large demand.
Two further volumes have been brought out during the
present quadrennium completing the work of the Committee.
The first of these was “Christian Unity, Its Principles and
Possibilities’ which appeared early in 1921. Including as it
does a careful analysis of the present situation, a study of the
historical background from which it has come and an outline
of what appears to be the path of advance, this volume has
been generally regarded as the most thoroughgoing treatment
of the subject now available.
As indicative of the attention with which the report has
been received even in other lands an editorial in the influential
“Baptist Times,” the official organ of the British Baptists is
worth quoting:
“Tt may be said at once that it gives the most complete account
in existence of what is actually being done in America for the
cause of Christian unity along the various lines of administrative,
federal and organic union. The difficulties, real and imaginary,
are faced in a spirit of engaging frankness and the possibilities
are sketched with a bold hand. . . . For courage, clear-headedness,
exquisite justice and unconquerable optimism this volume stands
alone. Most of the reports that are issued nowadays should be
kept by the bedside—they are admirable sleeping-draughts; but
this report, once it gets into the blood, will keep men very much
awake.”
The final volume in the series, “The Teaching Work of the
Church,” appeared at the end of 1923. It undertakes to sur-
vey in a comprehensive way the churches’ task of Christian
education as a whole and to give special attention at every
point to the development of a more unified educational pro-
gram by the Church. Its discussion of the process of secular-
ization which has been taking place in public education in
America and the new responsibility which this throws upon
the Church has been regarded as one of the most important
contributions made in recent years to the Church’s thinking on
its educational task.
The work of the Committee has given fresh emphasis to the
fact that nothing is more needed in the Churches than a con-
tinuous process of collective thinking and inquiry such as has
been carried on in a few fields by the Committee on the War
and the Religious Outlook. The recent development of the
Department of Research and Education in the Federal Council,
176 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
it is hoped, will make possible the fulfillment during future
years of the ideal to which the Committee on the War and
the Religious Outlook during the period immediately following
the War has tried to make a modest contribution.
WILLIAM ADAMS Brown,
Chairman,
SAMUEL McCrEA CAVERT,
Secretary
GENERAL COMMITTEE ON ARMY AND NAVY
CHAPLAINS
The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains, or-
ganized for the purpose of cooperating with the War and
Navy Departments in providing spiritual ministry for soldiers
and sailors, has throughout the quadrennium continued its ef-
fort not only to secure properly equipped Chaplains to repre-
sent the churches, but also to secure such legislation and regu-
lations as would enable Chaplains to do the most effective work.
The outstanding achievement of the Committee was chron-
icled in the close of the last quadrennium when, on July 15th,
1920, definite provision was made in the Army Re-organiza-
tion Act for a Chaplains’ Bureau and for one Chaplain for
every 1200 officers and enlisted men. This legislation, secured
only after most strenuous effort on the part of the Committee,
gave a definite status to the Chaplains, such as they had not
previously enjoyed, established in the Army the Office of Chief
of Chaplains, and fixed definitely the ratio of Chaplains pro-
viding for a total of 250 for the enlisted strength of the Army
as provided in that act. It at once became the duty of the
General Committee to find the quota of suitable Chaplains
from the Protestant Churches. These were being rapidly
found and a total of 98 new Chaplains were selected and ap-
pointed. In the midst, however, of the efforts to recruit the
Chaplaincy to the full number, Congress proposed a most
drastic cut in the number of Chaplains, far greater proportion-
ately than in any other branch of the service. One proposal
before Congress would have reduced the Chaplains from 187 to
103. The Committee strongly urged that the number be not
reduced below 126 and that the reduction be by process of
absorption rather than immediate elimination from the service.
A compromise was effected and action taken by Congress
reduced the number of Chaplains to 125, the elimination of
62 to be accomplished by January, 1923.
Since this reduction in the number of Chaplains of the Army
it has been made very clear that while the ratio of one Chap-
lain to every 1200 officers and enlisted men might be sufficient
in a mobilized army a larger ratio is needed adequately to meet
the needs of the enlisted men scattered in small units. There
are a number of regular posts and stations for which no Chap-
lains are provided and at which no assignments have been made
for months past. There are even whole regiments in large
camps that have no Chaplain and are dependent upon Chap-
177
178 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
lains from other units for religious ministry. There are also
large posts where two or more Chaplains should be assigned
but for which only one is available. A careful study of all
the facts shows that with the present strength and distribution
of the Army there is absolute need for a ratio of one Chaplain
for every 800 enlisted men or a total of approximately 170
Chaplains in order that every soldier of the Army, wherever
stationed, may have opportunity to receive the personal coun-
sel, guidance and services of a Chaplain.
The Chaplain has been discriminated against in other re-
spects, especially in the matter of years of service required to
reach certain grades and in the grades to which he is eligible.
A proposal was drawn up by the General Committee on Army
and Navy Chaplains to meet the need for this increased ratio
and to remove discriminations under which the Chaplains have
been laboring. Hearings were had in Congress as to reasons
for this legislation. We believe it would have passed the last
Congress but for the tie up that came in the closing days of the
session. It is expected that this legislation will again be brought
forward at the opening of the next Congress.
There are at present 124 regular army chaplains distributed
among the various denominations as follows:
Badusty tiene sac an ae sore 17 Protestant Episcopal ....... 9
Daptist, Colored ts eccave see 2 Presbyterian Cumberland.... 1
Congrégational iy kdb. 9 Roman)iGathohic;*). asi. . eien 21
Disciples of Christ ......... 8 Re tenmed:oido dias hain anaeioe 2
Lartheran «Ua cui, cudauis a 7, LNIVERSalistitlag as curate oe 2
Methodist Episcopal ........ 28 Unitarian ifiate: «eer sean ee 2
Methodist Episcopal, Colored 1 Evangelicals), 2%, eine sles 1
Methodist Protestant ....... 1 —
Presbyterian | \..aci uso Gee. 13 pL otal i licel cies ont ger eeee 124
Chaplains’ Conferences
A number of valuable conferences have been held both in
the Second and Third Corps Areas. Conferences in the Sec-
ond Corps Area under the leadership of Rev. Charles S. Mac-
farland, General Secretary of the Federal Council of Churches,
have been especially fruitful in bringing about closer relation-
ships between Chaplains of the component parts of the Army,
namely, Regular, National Guard and Reserve Corps. Dr.
Macfarland has given very freely and largely of his time to
the various problems that have arisen in connection with the
steady development of the Chaplaincy.
Possibly the most outstanding conference was that called by
the Secretary of War to which he invited religious leaders
from the various denominations to confer with Chaplains con-
cerning more effective spiritual ministry for enlisted men.
ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 179
Office of the Chief Chaplain of the Army
Under the efficient and careful administration of Colonel
John T. Axton, Chief Chaplain of the Army, there has been
the clearest vindication for establishing the office of the Chief
of Chaplains and for giving him a staff of assistants. There has
been a steady unifying of purpose on the part of Chaplains and
more and more definite statement of objectives before them.
There has been a steady raising of the standards of personnel
so that the Corps is now composed of men of judgment, vision,
imagination, courage and devotion.
Reserve Corps
The General Committee has been called upon to pass upon
the qualifications, from the standpoint of the churches, of min-
isters desiring to become Chaplains in the Reserve Corps. Two
classes of men have been called for, namely, first, outstanding
leaders of the Church through whom vital connections might
be established between the Churches and the men of the Army;
and second, young men of such qualifications as might make
them suitable for field service in case of emergency or ap-
pointment as Regular Army Chaplains whenever appointments
are resumed. The total number now in the Reserve Corps is
957, an increase of 172 during the past year. These Reserve
Corps Chaplains have been appointed so as to cover the various
denominations and distribution among the denominations is as
follows:
- Denomination Total Denomination Total
BSADUISULS aire tee cee ee 117 ELeSPVLELiauin eae tiem cence 126
MNTIStAN | We ey swith s Cetuhs ane 10 Protestant Episcopal ...... 135
Christiany-Science’)..cs'4. ses 6 Reformed in America...... 7
Ghiren note Crist: ck eon 3 Reformed in the U. S..... 9
Gongereratonal wive ccs tec: 43 Roman t@atholig i, aul sl. 34 196
DSCIDICST encaca ts ce tee tate ay) ya VA LIOH AAA SAIL sa t's aie on als 4
ELVANWElICAry tise sella lL seeete 5 Unitarian ae er. veer oo’. 11
Téwishisiitteasd joer bie 13 United Brethren ........... 4
Pertt esas Aer A bs oye 40 Universalist tas. Gita 5
PA GED OCU tra nc elie ca tata 9 Caveats 192 -—
957
There has been no diminution in the interest of prominent
clergymen of all denominations in the Chaplains’ Section of
the Officers’ Reserve Corps. They have responded to calls of
service at places where, except for their voluntary co-opera-
tion, no religious ministry would be available. They have acted
as members of important boards and committees and in con-
nection with helpful conferences. Sixty-seven served in the
training camps during the past summer.
180 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
The Chaplains’ School
The Chaplains’ School has become a definitely recognized
part of the Army system. Its curriculum has been extended
as has also the length of time spent in taking its course. After
being located at Fort Wayne for two years it has been removed
to, and we hope definitely provided for, at Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas. Here the facilities for instruction and for practical
work are the finest that the army affords. A section of the
school is devoted to the development of the Correspondence
Course for Chaplains and another to the promotion of the
traveling libraries of selected books which have special rela-
tion to the professional duties of Chaplains. The course of
instruction covers a period of three months. Two sessions of
the school were held during the year 1924 and twenty-two
Regular Army Chaplains completed the full course and two
Chaplains of the Officers’ Reserve Corps pursued a special
course.
Regulations Concerning Chaplains
Under authorization of the Secretary of War, a codification
of the regulations pertaining to Chaplains has been published.
It indicates an intention to provide as adequately as may be
possible for the moral and religious life of the military per-
sonnel.
Salient features of the new regulations are the freeing of
Chaplains from many burdensome extra-professional duties
which at times have been assigned to them. They are no
longer available for such services as post exchange officers or
as counsel for the defense in courts-martial. The Chaplain is
given a definite place on the staff of the commanding officer,
with responsibility for matters of a religious and moral nature.
Several assistants, both lay and clerical, are provided for and
provision is made for the use of certain non-appropriated local
funds to employ supply clergymen when Chaplains are not
available. In these regulations Chaplains are directed to
“Serve as friends, counsellors and guides, without discrimina-
tion, to all members of the command to which they are as-
signed, regardless of creed or sect.” Broadly defined their
duties are stated as being closely analogous to those performed
by clergymen in civilian life, modified only by the peculiar
conditions attaching to military life and especially by the
necessity that each Chaplain shall, so far as practicable, serve
the moral and religious needs of the entire personnel of the
command to which he is assigned, either through his own
personal services or through the cooperative efforts of others.
ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 181
Vital Statistics
The report of the Chief of Chaplains of the Army for 1924
gives the following vital statistics:
Number of
Nature of Service Services Attendance
WAGSS he se acne od ee eae soa bie cede WARE dk cE edote 1,891 141,620
PON OCICE LOT amu tree iaral ark Alecase = cicta bina erutare bab dh stig 6 in oe 67 4,775
Morning services, Protestant .............000- 3,838 348,660
Evening services, General ..........ccescseees 3,399 519,394
SSI VOTO Lia eat ethene crate aeatediune Gall 4,010 175,032
Biblevtciaes peecsiOusse dies tec ces te heute 200 13,134
Gtiard 7 FiOUse Wal cle ict eae a fa oh wintata ates 658 20,100
Hospital, other than station or general......... 105 2,991
Wome tea ple sri. Hees iets rte ee ak vase » tte 17 2173
WCRI Orie eG ta MPN otd OL eid sid cnet ne NS 1,499 110,994
Oa Ee GO On CGi RU Ns eT NE ans 15,684 1,339,473
A hPLC R AN eT i olla dia hd dared oY suede li diaieke ho eave ad 566
REAVCISS Mee ee Payee eg ee a ea wa he 722
PMUCTAISIC STA ASR ne hin tis Cn le ie ole cat foe tle nlaehon 924
Average attendance of each person in the military
establishment during 1924
American Cemeteries in France
Throughout the quadrennium representatives of the Com-
mittee have annually visited the American cemeteries in
France. In 1922 a special Commission consisting of Rev.
Charles E. Jefferson, Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich, Rev.
Charles S. Macfarland (Reserve Corps Chaplain), visited |
these cemeteries. A report was rendered to the General Com-
mittee in which the Commission expressed the warmest com-
mendation of the work of the American Graves Registration
Service in Paris. They stated that it was especially gratifying
to find the Chaplains who represent the Churches of the United
States participating in this Graves Registration Service, and
recommended that Chaplains be associated in the permanent
care of these cemeteries and that Memorial Day services under
the auspices of the Federal Council be held annually in the
cemeteries in behalf of the American churches and people.
Navy Chaplains
At the beginning of this quadrennium Captain Evan W.
Scott was appointed Head of the Chaplains’ Division of the
Navy. Under Chaplain Scott’s administration there has been
steady development and growth of ideals of efficiency and
service among Chaplains of the Navy.
There has not as yet been definite legislation establishing the
182 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
office of Chief Chaplain of the Navy and there appears to be
decided need for re-organization of the Chaplains Corps. Such
legislation is pending in Congress and has the careful attention
and cooperation of the General Committee on Army and Navy
Chaplains.
The law provides for a total of 150 Chaplains in the Navy,
an ample number, but, until recently, appropriations have been
made for little more than half that number. More than a year
ago definite action was secured by which provision was made
for an increase in the number from 83 to 100. After most
strenuous efforts for a period of fifteen months, however, there
has been no net increase but instead a loss of one in the total
number of Chaplains. We cannot express too forcefully our
regret at this failure to secure equipped men to render spiritual
ministry to the enlisted personnel of the Navy. At present
there are 20,000 of the men in the Navy who are without coun-
sel, advice and spiritual ministry of the Chaplain and this
because properly equipped men have not come forward in
response to the call for Chaplains in the Navy and made ap-
plication for commission. It is painful to think that this failure
to secure Chaplains for the Navy may be due either to unwill-
ingness on the part of the church to give their finest young
men to this service, or, on the part of young ministers to invest
their lives in such service. The men who are enlisted in the
service of the Navy will, in a few years as a rule, return to the
home communities from which they enlisted. Their value as
they return is largely dependent upon the religious ministry
they receive while in the service. Men who lack such religious
service during the period of their enlistment are not likely, on
returning to their communities, to be of value to the churches
to which they return.
From the ministers’ standpoint, there are sacrifices in the
Chaplaincy of the Navy. He is called upon to be removed
some times for long periods from home and home ties. He is
cut off to some extent from association with his brethren of the
ministry. In many respects he stands alone. On board ship
he is without the backing of an official board. He must work
out his own plans. We believe the true conception of the call
to preach includes willingness to serve where there is need,
whether at home or abroad, and there is a clear need in the
Chaplaincy. Indeed, the call for Chaplains is a Macedonian
cry.
We would through this report urge upon the leadership of
the churches the obligation and duty of providing religious
ministrations to the men in the Army and Navy.
ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 183
The number of Chaplains at present in the regular navy is
84, distributed as follows:
Methodist Episcopal, South.. 8 Bantistiioouty tint, aches tet 6
Methodist Episcopal, North.. 9 Protestant Episcopal ........ 10
Presbyterian, North ........ 12 ea tOhGal Come acai cima, Reta 16
United Presbyterian ........ 1 Congregational ic. woe. ween vs 3
Cumberland Presbyterian ... 1 Deeathierstty 0h eee, eae si. uia' popas 2
Disciple) Hewes. cos sv 9c6 ols 4 WShristtan OClencenre. be sd ese 1
Christian erate: sch os dba es 2 IGIOLMCd ee a eee oes CoG 1
Baptistiaontame aac. 6 cele as 8 _—
Ota ae wees Fes. shu a4
Circulating Libraries
During this quadrennium the General Committee has been
constantly emphasizing the importance of circulating libraries
for Chaplains of both the Army and the Navy.
In 1923 Chaplain Scott, Chief Chaplain of the Navy, secured
an appropriation which enabled him to purchase a number of
well selected books to form the nucleus of a circulating library
for the Navy. Numerous contributions have been received
from various sources until the number of volumes totals over
425. It is planned to keep this up-to-date and requisition for
recent books has been submitted. The library is established
in the office of the Chief Chaplain with branch office on the
flagship, United States Battle Fleet, for use of Chaplains in
that fleet and at stations on Pacific Coast.
Chaplain Axton, Chief Chaplain of the Army, through
requisition to the War Department store-house, secured quite
a number of suitable books for the formation of a circulating
library for the Chaplains of the Army. To these books have
been added many contributions and the library is steadily in-
creasing both in the number of books and the number of sub-
scribers and we believe in usefulness to those who use the
books. This library is located at the Chaplains’ School.
Chaplains Assigned for Post Graduate Study
The Navy Department approved the recommendation made
by Chaplain Scott that a limited number of Chaplains be as-
signed to Universities for post graduate study and during 1923
and 1924 this plan has been followed and proven more success-
ful than anticipated. The University authorities have been
most cordial and sympathetic in their attitude toward the
Chaplains and commend the plan as having real constructive
value for the Corps.
184 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Armistice Day Services
The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains, rep-
resenting the Federal Council, secured the first period, eight
A.M., of tribute to the unknown representative soldier lying
in state in the rotunda of the Capitol, November 10th, 1921.
Throughout that entire day there was a constant stream of
representatives of national and other organizations passing
through the rotunda of the Capitol and reverently paying
tribute to the unknown dead. We deem it especially fitting that
the first of these processions was that of the General Commit-
tee, representing the Federal Council of Churches and that the
first floral offering placed upon the bier of the unknown dead
was placed by the Federal Council; the first prayer offered
was that of Bishop William F. McDowell, and the first tribute
paid, that of Dr. William Adams Brown.
National Memorial
The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains has
proposed a National Memorial for the Chaplains who fell in
the service. It is proposed that the Memorial shall take the
form of a Chapel and be solely for worship and not in any
sense a general institutional or recreational center. While it
would be premature now to outline plans proposed, it might be
said that a worthy memorial is contemplated, which shall be
in such form and location as will render a continuing service
to enlisted men and especially to those who suffered casualties
in the War.
Re-Organization of the General Committee
Definite plans for the re-organization of the General Com-
mittee have been decided upon and the following action taken:
“VOTED: That the General Committee shall be composed of rep-
resentatives from the various cooperating denominations, three from
each denomination—appointed officially by the denomination itself. In
case such appointment is not made by any denomination the General
Committee shall have the authority and power to select representa-
tives from the denomination that thus fails to appoint. There shall
also be representatives on the General Committee on Army and Navy
Chaplains, chosen by reason of their interest in the Army or Navy
and possible interest in the General Committee itself, these members
not to exceed one-third of the total church appointees. There shall
also be five persons representing the Army in its various branches and
also be five persons representing the Navy. These also to be selected
by the General Committee.”
This re-organization has not as yet been fully perfected.
ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 185
Scope of the General Committee’s Mission
It is our earnest conviction that the work of the General
Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains in behalf of spiritual
ministry for soldiers and sailors is not completed when these
soldiers and sailors are discharged from the service but must
continue for the disabled throughout the entire period of their
care in various hospitals and not only throughout the period of
rehabilitation but until welcomed and reestablished in their
home communities. The Committee has, therefore, during this
quadrennium turned its attention with some degree of progress
toward the securing of Chaplains for all Veterans’ Hospitals
and the standardizing of the Chaplaincies in these Hospitals.
A tender has been made of the facilities of the Committee in
cooperation with the United States Veterans’ Bureau in secur-
ing the cooperation of the churches and pastors in welcoming
rehabilitated veterans to their communities and in securing
employment for them.
The Committee has urged the necessity for an incidental
fund for Chaplains and has striven to secure an appropriation
of at least $300 for each Chaplain, per annum, from the denom-
inations to be used in this way.
We believe that Congress should make an annual appropria-
tion of an adequate sum for such purpose; until that time,
however, it is both the duty and privilege of the different de-
nominations to support the work of their Chaplains at least to
the extent indicated of $300 each per annum, and we would
recommend that such appropriation continue until the other
provision is made.
Some of the immediate objectives before the Committee are
that none of the ground gained be lost; that there be tying up
and increase of efficiency in many of the achievements stated
above. We must go forward definitely in the securing of legis-
lation for Chaplains of both the Army and Navy that will
make it possible for them to do their best work and that will
give an adequate number of Chaplains to meet the needs of
all the men wherever stationed.
The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains be-
lieves that the church has a very special mission to these young
men who are without the influence and help of home or church.
1. We record the conviction that a sufficient number of
chaplains should be provided, or such additional definite provi-
sion made by arrangement with reserve chaplains or other
pastors, so that every post or ship shall be cared for and every
soldier and sailor shall have a pastor to whom he may look for
ready help.
186 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
We urge that the War and Navy Departments also effect
such provision as shall enable the Saute to render unim-
peded service.
2. We note with satisfaction that it is the definitely declared
policy of the government to relieve the chaplains of certain
extra-pastoral duties, so that they may give their entire time,
strength and service to their religious duties and only to such
others as contribute thereto.
The chaplain’s office is unique and distinct and should be
kept free from anything that would detract from his moral and
spiritual ministry and all other relations to the army and navy
should be subordinated to this. His primary commission 1s
that of the church.
3. We would report that no pastor applying for a Reserve
Commission, approved by his denominational committee, has
ever been refused a commission or dismissed from the service
because he had claimed liberty of speech and action as a citi-
zen, and on one special occasion when this question was raised
it was decided in favor of the chaplain’s assertion of those
rights.
We have received with especial appreciation the following
emphatic word of the Secretary of War:
“A Reserve Officer, except when on active duty, is not subject
to the Articles of War which govern the Armies of the United
States, and it is not, and never has been, the policy of the War
Department to prevent, in any manner, the expression of his
views, or to limit his activities.”
This statement is in accord with the Constitution of the
United States which clearly guarantees such freedom to all
citizens and we understand that a pastor accepting a Reserve
Chaplaincy in no way renounces his freedom as a citizen or as
a preacher.
Inasmuch, however, as this does not appear to be fully
understood by all officers of the Army, we propose to suggest
that the Secretary of War make this clear to all officers in
charge of this matter.
4. We are gratified to record that pastors who are reserve
chaplains have given their services to meet the exigency cre-
ated by an insufficient number of regular chaplains. It is our
judgment that reserve chaplains should be carefully chosen
with great concern for the selection of well-balanced men who
will fulfill the conditions we have indicated for all chaplains
as to their opportunity and duties as chaplains.
5. We are in accord with the judgment of such leaders in
the Army as General John F. O’Ryan, that the chaplains are
ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 187
constituted by experience to seek every constructive way by
which the world may secure justice without war and we are
pleased to observe that on Armistice Day many outstanding
chaplains gave evidence of this earnest desire. We note that
several reserve chaplains are members of the Commission on
International Justice and Goodwill and that the Navy Depart-
ment has sympathetically named representatives including its
chief chaplain to participate in conferences looking toward the
outlawry of war.
6. We have received with deep appreciation the reports of
the Chief of Chaplains of the Army and the Chief Chaplain
of the Navy concerning the work of the chaplains and the re-
sponse of the men to whom they minister.
7. We suggest that, in conference with the Chiefs of Chap-
lains, the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains
name members on an Advisory Board which might be com-
posed of pastors who are Reserve Chaplains, to be associated
with similar representatives of other bodies, to confer from
time to time on such issues as may arise. Such a board would
be in position to consider matters from the points of view of
both the church and the chaplains.
It is advisable that responsibility for carrying out the wishes
of the churches be placed upon the chaplains corps itself and
that it should be done with due patience and with sympathy
for all the interests concerned.
Witt1AmM F. McDow.ELt,
Chairman.
E. O. Watson,
Secretary.
EDITORIAL COUNCIL OF THE RELIGIOUS
PRESS
The Editorial Council of the Religious Press, organized
towards the close of the preceding quadrennium for the pur-
pose of bringing the editors of religious publications into closer
and more helpful relations with one another, has met annually
during the quadrennium and held its last meeting in Columbus,
December 13-14, 1923, attended by about twenty-five editors.
Other informal meetings of the editors in the vicinity of New
York and of those around Chicago have been held at different
times.
The meetings of the past year have been devoted chiefly to
a discussion of the wisdom of undertaking a survey of the
present status and problems of the religious press, with a view
to reaching constructive conclusions as to ways in which the
position of the religious press could be strengthened. The
following resolutions on the recommendation of the Editorial
Council was adopted by the Executive Committee of the Fed-
eral Council last year:
VOTED: That in view of the vital place of the religious press
in the life of the church and the importance of a wider dis-
semination of religious information and in response to a request
from the Editorial Council of the Religious Press, that the Federal
Council undertake during the coming year to make a survey of
the present status of the religious press, its points of strength,
weakness, and needs, together with constructive suggestions for
advance, we recommend that such a survey be provided for by
the Administrative Committee, if, after further conference with
editors and publishers of the religious press, it is clear that such
a survey is generally desired and would receive the cordial coop-
eration of the editors.
A tentative outline of the projected survey has been drafted
and its general character approved by the Western section of
the religious press. Up to the present time, however, the sur-
vey has not been begun. The chief obstacle has been the lack
of sufficient financial resources in the Federal Council for mak-
ing a thoroughgoing study, and a general feeling that there
would be little value in trying to carry out the plan unless it
were to be done in a large and effective way. There has also
been some question as to whether some of the editors and pub-
lishers were ready to give sufficient cooperation to warrant the
Council in pressing the plan further at the present moment.
E. C. WarEING, Chairman.
FREDERICK LyncH, Vice-Chairman.
Howarp B. Grose, Secretary.
188
THE TERCENTENARY OF THE HUGUENOT-
WALLOONS IN AMERICA
In 1922 the Federal Council of Churches instituted the
Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Commission, for the pur-
pose of organizing a suitable memorial celebration of the
coming of the first French and Belgian Huguenots to Amer-
ica, under the flag of the Dutch West India Company, in the
spring of 1624. The personnel of the Commission consisted
partly of official representatives from the constituent bodies
of the Federal Council, the Huguenot Societies throughout the
country, and a number of historic and civic organizations, and
partly of individuals interested in the historic as well as the
religious significance of the Tercentenary, many of the latter
bearing names distinguished in our colonial history and proud
to recall their Huguenot origin and to participate in this com-
memoration of the landing of their forefathers in the “New
Netherlands.” Among these may be mentioned Mr. Robert W.
de Forest, Chairman of the Commission and direct descendant
of Jesse de Forest, organizer of the Huguenot-Walloon col-
ony. The national and international import of the event cele-
brated may be gauged from the fact that the President of the
United States, the Queen of the Netherlands, the King of the
Belgians, and the President of the French Republic accepted
membership on the Commission as Honorary Chairmen. From
the first, the keenest interest was aroused in Europe by the
proposals of the Commission for the Tercentenary exercises,
and popular sympathy was deeply stirred in the countries
from which the Huguenot settlers sprang.
Government Recognition
The national and patriotic interest attached to the Tercente-
nary as being the anniversary of a most interesting event in
our Colonial history, has been commemorated by our Govern-
ment in two striking ways: by the issuance, first, of the
Huguenot Half Dollar; and second, of the Huguenot-Walloon
Tercentenary stamps, for which the Commission submitted the
designs. In selecting subjects for these designs, the guiding
thought was to include as much of the threefold significance
of the anniversary as possible—religious, historic, and racial.
The memorial coin shows on its obverse side the profiles of
two great Huguenot leaders—William the Silent of Holland,
and his friend and ally, Admiral Coligny, of France—both of
whom were deeply interested in projects for the colonization
189
190 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
of the New World. The reverse bears the ship “Nieu Neder-
land,” the sturdy Dutch vessel which carried the first boat-load
of Huguenot-Walloons from their refuge in the Netherlands
on that memorable voyage across the still little known and
much feared ocean. Of the stamps, it is the green one-cent
stamp which again displays the gallant little vessel and ac-
knowledges the debt of gratitude which the Huguenots owed
to the Netherlands for the protection they enjoyed there in
the days of persecution. The red two-cent stamp is distinct-
ively Walloon in spirit. It shows the landing of the Walloons
at Albany (their first settlement), and will introduce to the
public, which has had little knowledge of them heretofore, a
new racial element in our colonial period. The drawing used
as the basis for the design was found in an old history of New
York, now many years out of print. Huguenot in character is
the five-cent stamp, which will carry the message of the Ter-
centenary around the world. On it is a drawing of the Ribaut
monument at Mayport, Florida, whose dedication in the Ter-
centenary year (May 2, 1924) was one of the outstanding
features of the local celebrations.
The Tercentenary Observances
Sunday, April 27, 1924, was the opening date of the Hugue-
not-Walloon New Netherland Tercentenary observances in this
country. As the Huguenot-Walloons sought the New World,
inspired by a religious motive, it was fitting that the exercises
commemorating the 300th anniversary of their coming should
be inaugurated by religious observances in the American
churches.
FLORIDA
The initial civic functions of the Tercentenary took place at
Mayport, Fla., on May 1, under the auspices of the Florida
Daughters of the American Revolution. The occasion was the
unveiling of the Ribaut Memorial, marking the spot at or near
which landed the first Huguenot colonists, sent out by Ad-
miral Coligny in 1562 under the command of Jean Ribaut, the
first colonial enterprise to these shores of which any record
has been preserved.
The Florida Committee was fortunate in having present to
unveil the monument Colonel William Gaspard de Coligny,
whose distinguished ancestor, Gaspard de Coligny, was the
originator of this colonial enterprise at “Ye Riuer Mai.” Rev.
Georges Lauga officially represented the French Churches.
TERCENTENARY OF THE HUGUENOT-WALLOONS 191
SouTH CAROLINA
The Tercentenary celebrations in South Carolina were con-
ducted by the Huguenot Society of South Carolina.
On May 3 the visitors were the guests of the officers of the
South Carolina Huguenot Society. On Sunday morning a
special service was held in the old Huguenot Church, at which
M. Lauga preached the sermon and Dr. Macfarland and Rev.
John Baer Stoudt assisted the pastor, Rev.°Florian Vurpillot,
and the congregation joined in the singing of well known
Huguenot hymns.
Accompanied by nearly a score of the members of the
Huguenot Society of South Carolina, the visiting delegation
went to Parris Island, where a second colony established
by Jean Ribaut in 1562. Its site was recently discovered by
Col. John Millis, of the United States Army. Gen. Eli K. Cole,
Commandant of the United States Marine Corps now stationed
on the island, caused the structure to be excavated and the
great cedar logs which formed the beams and uprights were
found to be practically intact throughout. General Cole has
had concrete markers set up over the old posts, serving the
double purpose of preserving the logs from exposure and decay
and showing plainly the outlines of the fort itself. It was to
place the last marker, bearing a memorial tablet in brass, that
the Tercentenary Commission and the various Huguenot soci-
eties visited Parris Island and assisted at the ceremony of
marking this historic spot which holds the remains of what is
probably the oldest trace of the white man’s handiwork in this
country.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Sunday, May 11, was the date of the national memorial
service in Washington, D. C. It took place in the Reformed
Church of which President Roosevelt was a member, and was
attended by Ambassador Jusserand, of France; Ambassador
de Cartier, of Belgium, and Dr. A. D. C. de Graeff, Minister
of the Netherlands, as well as many other representatives of
official Washington. M. Lauga preached the sermon, and Dr.
Hoyois and Mr. Stoudt assisted the pastor, Rev. Henry H.
Ranck, in the service, and brought brief messages of greeting.
VALLEY FORGE
The Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania, as its share in the
Tercentenary, arranged a special meeting at the Memorial
Chapel at Valley Forge, Pa. The chief speakers were the two
foreign guests, Rev. Georges Lauga, of France, and Rey.
192 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Leonard Hoyois, who had in the meantime arrived from Bel-
gium, representing the Belgian Churches and the municipality
of Mons in the Province of Hainaut.
Tue NEw YorkK PROGRAM
_ The first event in the Tercentenary program of New York
was the historical pilgrimage around Staten Island under the
auspices of the Staten Island Historical Society and the Hol-
land Society, held on Saturday, May 17. Sunday, May 18,
brought two exceedingly interesting and inspiring services.
First of all, 20 French athletes from the French Y. M. C. A.
and four ladies from the French Y. W. C. A. undertook to
duplicate the “walk to Church” performed 300 years ago by
the Huguenots of New Rochelle, when there was no church
in their settlement and they had to come to New Amsterdam
to hear the Gospel preached. Eleven o’clock on Saturday night
was the hour of starting from the City Hall of New Rochelle,
and promptly at 10:30 they marched into the French Evangel-
ical Church in West Sixteenth Street. The principal features
were the sermon in French by M. Lauga, of the French Prot-
estant Federation in Paris, and the singing of old Huguenot
hymns by the well-trained choir. M. Hoyois, Dr. Macfarland,
Bishop Darlington and Mr. Stoudt gave brief messages of
greeting. |
In the afternoon the Tercentenary exercises once more
shifted to Staten Island, to the dedication of the Huguenot
Memorial Church in a memorable service. The building itself,
designed by the noted architect, Ernest Flagg, was a revelation
in its unique stone work, picturesque setting and beauty of
line. Nearly all the Huguenot Societies of America were
represented. Dr. A. D. C. de Graeff, the Netherlands minis-
ter, brought a warm message of sympathy from the Queen of
the Netherlands, who expressed her gratification at the Ter-
centenary exercises and her recognition of the appropriateness
of the designs on the Huguenot half-dollar.
DEDICATION OF THE WALLOON MoNUMENT
The most notable civic event of the Tercentenary in New
York was the dedication of the Hainaut Memorial, a monu-
ment to the Walloon pioneers of 1624, presented by the Bel-
gian Province of Hainaut. Baron de Cartier de Marchienne,
representing the Belgian King and Government, presented the
monument to the City of New York. Immediately after the
presentation address, Miss Priscilla Mary de Forest (ztas
three years), a descendant in the ninth generation of Jesse
TERCENTENARY OF THE HUGUENOT-WALLOONS 193
de Forest, who inspired the colonial enterprise which led
finally to the settlement of New Netherland, pulled the cords
which held the coverings of the monument, and revealed the
plain shaft of stone, bearing the arms of Hainaut and a suit-
able inscription.
The Huguenot Pilgrimage to Europe
The Huguenot Pilgrimage was the closing event of the cele-
brations commemorating the three hundredth anniversary of
the landing in America of the first Huguenot-Walloons.
Not only were the members of the Pilgrimage enthusiasti-
cally welcomed by their brethren in the faith, but national and
civic authorities everywhere participated in the event.
The delegation went first to visit the Huguenot congregation
which has had its place of worship in the crypt of Canterbury
Cathedral since about 1550. In Leyden, the “City of Refuge”
for the scattered groups of Walloons and French Huguenots
fleeing from religious persecutions, the Pilgrims were received
by the municipal officials and by the Leyden Pilgrim Fathers’
Society. The memory of William the Silent was honored by
a visit to his tomb at Delft.
From the Netherlands the Pilgrims went via Worms and
Heidelberg to Strasbourg to participate in the union patriotic
service at one of the Lutheran Churches on July 14, the great
French national holiday. Part of the delegation spent the
preceding Sunday in Strasbourg, attending the special Ter-
centenary service at the Reformed Church, while the rest
accompanied the Director to Chateau-Thierry, where the
memorial Church was dedicated with impressive ceremonies
on July 13. A group of the “Pilgrims” was also present at
the dedication of the memorial Church at Compiegne.
In Zurich the program included a reception in the historic
cathedral and a visit to the Museum of the Reformation. An
impressive ceremony in the Cathedral of St. Peter marked
the celebrations at Geneva, where the Pilgrimage was also
officially received by the staff of the League of Nations.
The Pilgrimage next paid a visit to the Waldensian valleys
of Italy, arriving Sunday, July 27. At Torre Pellice, the
Waldensian capital, the members were officially received in
the “Casa Valdese” and participated in the worship at the
Waldensian Church. At Bobbio Pellice the Monument of the
Martyrs was visited.
With its arrival at Nimes, where it was warmly greeted by
the local committee, the Pilgrimage penetrated into what is
really the heart of the Huguenot region of France—the gate-
194 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
way to the Cevennes, and the “Huguenot Desert.” Very
naturally interest in the Pilgrimage was very keen throughout
this section of France, and huge crowds gathered at the Musée
du Desert, the Tower of Constance, Montpellier and other
places famous in Huguenot lore. The celebration at the Musée
du Désert received added impressiveness from the fact that it
was held in front of the building in the open air, the surround-
ing hills forming a natural amphitheatre. Chief Justice Sar-
raut, President of the French Supreme Court, presided. After
brief halts at Carcassonne, Montauban and Bordeaux, where
in each case they were met with the greatest goodwill by the
population, the Pilgrims were received in La Rochelle, the
most famous of the Huguenot strongholds, the city so notably
associated with the struggle for religious liberty in France.
In Paris the program included a reception by the French
Protestant Federation at the French Protestant Headquarters
in the Rue de Clichy, another by the French Protestant His-
torical Society and the Comité Protestant des Amitiés Fran-
caises at the library and museum of the Historical Society, a
gathering in the Church of the Oratoire and a visit to the
Huguenot monuments in Paris. The principal civic function
took place on August 19, when the Huguenot delegation was
received by President Doumergue at the Chateau Rambouil-
let, the historic summer home of the French presidents.
On Friday, August 22, the delegation went to Avesnes
where they attended the unveiling of a monument to Jesse de
Forest, a native of that city and the organizer of the Hugue-
not-Walloon colony which subsequently settled in New Neth-
erland in 1624. A great popular demonstration of about five
thousand marked the dedication which was attended by high
French officials who assisted the Mayor of the city, the Prefect
of the district and Senator Pasqual.
A most effective termination to the Tercentenary Pilgrimage
was made by the commemorative exercises in Belgium, notably
Brussels and Mons, the provincial capital of Hainaut.
The Pilgrimage had a special significance for the Protes-
tants of France and Belgium. To them, relatively small in
numbers as they are, though with a rich heritage of loyalty to
their faith and steadfastness in times of trial, it seemed a
visualization of the strength and power of the Protestant
Church in America, the land to which the ancestors of their
faith had once been forced to flee from the persecutions of
the Old World. And, on the other hand, the visitors were
reminded of the debt of gratitude which the Churches of
TERCENTENARY OF THE HUGUENOT-WALLOONS 195
America owe to the lands whose sons and daughters brought
Evangelical Christianity to our shores. Such reflections help
to strengthen the bonds which unite us to our brethren over-
seas.
CHARLES S. MACFARLAND,
Chairman, Executive Committee.
JoHN BAER STOUDT,
Director.
THE WASHINGTON COMMITTEE
The purpose of the Washington Office may be briefly stated
as two-fold: first, conveying to the government and various
departments the expressed mind and will of the churches,
either of individual bodies or as represented in the Federal
Council, concerning moral and religious questions as these
touch national and international relations ; and, secondly, ascer-
taining for the constituent bodies and for the Federal Council
as representing them, the attitude of the government and its
various departments in relation to actions involving the moral
and religious welfare of the country and of the nations of the
world. Asa part of this distinctive work it is also the privilege
of the committee to render service in answering inquiries made
by the government and its various departments in Washington
concerning the church, its progress and development, and its
actions in matters of national and international concern.
The Washington office, in a word, has served during the
past quadrennium as a bureau of general religious informa-
tion to the government, to the constituent bodies and even to
individuals. We are glad to state that through the quadren-
nium there has been apparent a growing recognition of the
service of the Washington office by the government and by
our constituent bodies. There has also been increasing use of
the facilities of our office by individuals in securing data bear-
ing upon moral and religious questions.
Since the Washington office functions not as a separate de-
partment of the Council but in close cooperation with all its
commissions and committees, much of its service is included in
their reports and need not be repeated here.
Limitation of Armament Conference
One of the outstanding activities of the quadrennium has been
the participation in the Limitation of Armament Conference,
first in impressing upon the government the imperative demand
of the religious leadership of the country for such a confer-
ence, and, secondly, in conveying to the representatives of the
countries represented in this conference the goodwill of the
churches of America. This was done through conference with
representatives of the Washington Committee and representa-
tives of each of the countries sending delegates to the Limitation
of Armament Conference. Through these conferences, unques-
tionably, most favorable impressions were made as to the atti-
tude of goodwill on the part of this country, and we have good
196
THE WASHINGTON COMMITTEE 197
reason to believe that these conferences had no small bearing
in bringing to a more favorable attitude the representatives
assembled for the Limitation of Armament Conference, and
therefore made decided contribution to its success. Possibly no
one feature of the quadrennium’s work had greater bearing
upon international justice and goodwill between the nations
than the great Thanksgiving Service, November twenty-fourth,
1921, planned by the Washington office, under the auspices of
the Federal Council. This service was held in the Calvary
Baptist Church, and attended, upon special invitation, by the
President of the United States, the Secretary of State, others
of the official circle and many of the delegates from the various
countries represented at the Limitation of Armament Con-
ference. The service was largely attended and made a pro-
found impression.
Relations with Governmental Agencies
The Secretary, as representing the Washington Office, has
attended throughout the quadrennium, hearings before con-
gressional committees on such questions as Prohibition and
Sale of Peyote among Indians, Race Track Gambling, the
Shepherd-Towner Educational Bill, Prohibition Within the
Three Mile Limit, Child Labor, Prohibition in the Canal Zone,
Immigration and other hearings before committees of the
House and Senate in which moral or religious questions were
involved and concerning which it was desirable either to secure
information or to have an expression as to the mind of the
churches.
The Washington Office was influential in securing the ex-
tension of the $25,000,000 Austrian Loan, thereby helping to
further the recovery of Austria and to express the goodwill of
America.
It has been the privilege of the Washington Office to be in
closest contact with the Red Cross and the State Department
both in imparting and securing information concerning the ex-
act status of the Refugees in Greece. The efforts of our office
resulted in an appropriation by the Red Cross of the quinine
necessary to meet the malaria plague that menaced the Greek
Refugees a year ago.
The Secretary has represented the Federal Council in vari-
ous conferences in behalf of reform held by different bodies
in the city of Washington, such as the National Temperance
Conference, Motion Picture Conference, National Information
Bureau Conference, American Legion, Citizenship Confer-
ence, and the meeting of the National Education Association
with special reference to its department on Americanization.
198 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
The office has arranged conferences with representatives of the
churches concerning various questions such as Russian Relief,
relief in connection with the Smyrna disaster, Relief for the
Greek Refugees, Relief for the German Children, participa-
tion in the World Court, Japanese exclusion, etc., etc.
Year Book of the Churches
The editing and publishing of the Year Book of the Churches
was made a part of the work of the Washington Office early
in this quadrennium. The Year Book was greatly enlarged in
its scope, many features being added, such as a synopsis of
history, doctrine and polity of all the denominations from the
standards of the denominations themselves; a directory and
who’s who of the activities of the churches and benevolent
organizations with full information as to religious statistics;
directory of the Federal Council of Churches and the setting
forth of its work; a full directory of the Chaplains in the Army
and Navy with summary of religious work in both branches of
the service. The reception of the Year Book as thus enlarged
has been most gratifying. From all quarters have come assur-
ances that it is an indispensable hand-book. The Year Book
is now recognized by the World Almanac and the Department
of Commerce as a source of data for religious statistics. The
libraries have shown a growing appreciation of the need for
having it upon their tables. The theological seminaries are
beginning to use the Year Book not only as a hand-book, but
in some cases as a supplementary text book for comparative
study of the denominations of the United States. Apparently,
through the growing publicity attendant upon the publication
of the Year Book data, our office has been applied to by an
increasingly large number of individuals desiring specific in-
formation. This information very often requires much careful
and extended research in order to answer seemingly very simple
questions, and at times it has appeared that we would either
be swamped by the amount of such inquiries or have to develop
our office more definitely as a bureau of religious information.
It is our conviction that the Washington Office may well be
expanded as a bureau of religious information. More and
more as its work becomes known there will be demands for
specific information requiring much original investigation and
research.
We believe, too, that the Federal Council is the medium
through which should be secured, annually, exact information
as to the progress of the churches in all lands and the present
status, not only of the churches of christendom, but of the
various religions other than christianity throughout the world.
THE WASHINGTON COMMITTEE 199
Service to Mission Boards
The Washington Office has been able to render valuable
service to various mission boards and to others in the securing
of passports for missionaries. Often in applying for a pass-
port some little detail has been overlooked which our office
can immediately supply. We have had a number of such
cases. In some instances, for lack of certain data in connec-
tion with application for passport, missionaries on their way
to port of departure would have been forced to wait for weeks
before sailing, whereas upon application to our office direct
telephone communication secured all information lacking and
the passport was issued in ample time to prevent any delay.
Our office also serves constituent bodies in securing the
authentication of the Department of State and of the Embassy
of the country in which foreign mission operations are being
opened or where proxies are needed in the buying and selling
of property. From time to time new laws such as the Luxury
Tax recently passed in Japan have bearing upon the mission-
ary operations of the churches in foreign lands and we can
readily secure definite information as to the application of
such laws, especially in matters relating to hospital supplies
and equipment for missionaries.
We have had a number of cases, especially during this last
year, relative to aliens being detained at Ellis Island. We are
often able to secure such information as brings release of
those who would otherwise be returned under the quota al-
lowed their native country.
General Service
The service that the Washington Office can render its con-
stituent bodies is wide and varied. We rejoice that through
not only this quadrennium but the whole period of the exist-
ence of this office there has been no conflict or antagonism
between the office and the various departments of the govern-
ment. There is no door that is shut against us. The repre-
sentatives of the Federal Council are everywhere recognized
and treated with the utmost courtesy.
Witit1amM F. McDow.ELt,
Chairman
E. O. WatTSON,
Secretary
WESTERN OFFICE
The Western office of the Federal Council of Churches was
organized May 1, 1921, with the assistance and cooperation of
the Chicago Church Federation in securing suitable admin-
istrative arrangements.
The functions of the Western office as interpreted by the
officers of the Federal Council are as follows:
1. To serve as a central and western base of operations for the
Federal Council.
2. To serve as an office for the secretaries of the Council operating
in this or any western area, or passing through Chicago.
3. To conserve relations with the central and western sections of
the United States in a way to interpret more adequately the ideals
of the Federal Council in these areas.
4. To furnish information in the form of literature and correspon-
dence to individuals and groups desiring fuller understanding of
the plans and activities of the Federal Council, or planning some
form of local cooperation after the manner of a Church Council
or Church Federation.
In organizing the Western office the Administrative Com-
mittee of the Federal Council appointed a group of nine to act
as the nucleus of the Western Committee. The personnel of
that group was as follows: Dr. Howard Agnew Johnston;
Dean Shailer Mathews; Hon. Thomas E. D. Bradley; Prof.
Graham Taylor; Rev. William Chalmers Covert; Rev. Perry
J. Rice; Bishop Thomas Nicholson; Mr. Clifford W. Barnes;
and Mr, Oliver R. Williamson. It was understood that Dr.
Herbert L. Willett, for some time associated with the Admin-
istrative work of the Federal Council, should act as its rep-
resentative in Chicago under the direction of the Western
Committee. |
It was understood that the functions of the Western Com-
mittee should include the following items:
1. To supervise the work of the Western office.
2. To study as fully as possible the procedure and opportunities of
the Federal Council.
3. To offer to the Administrative Committee of the Federal Council
its suggestions regarding the best interests and procedure of the
Council.
4. To encourage its men to attend as many of the meetings of the
Administrative and Executive Committee as possible where the
members of this Committee should have at least sitting membership.
5. To cooperate with the various Commissions of the Federal Council
in their activities in the central and western areas of the United
States, especially with the Commission on Councils of Churches.
At the early meetings of the Western Committee it was
decided that its membership should be increased to include
200
WESTERN OFFICE 201
proportionate representation of the leading denominations rep-
resented in the Federal Council in the Chicago area. The total
number decided upon is twenty-one. The standing of the
Western Committee is that of a sub-committee of the Ad-
ministrative Committee of the Federal Council, reporting to
the Administrative Committee and considering questions sub-
mitted to it by the Administrative Committee.
During the month of August, 1922, Federal Council Week
at Chautauqua, New York, was promoted by joint cooperation
of the Western Office and the Chautauqua Administration. In
1923 and 1924 the arrangement thus begun has been carried
on by the Federal Council’s Commission on International Jus-
tice and Goodwill.
Soon after the meeting of the Executive Committee in
Chicago in December, 1921, the western representative of
the Federal Council made a journey through the Northwest
and down the Pacific coast, interpreting at all points visited
the ideals and achievements of the Federal Council, the prog-
ress of the cooperative movement in general, and the work of
local federations and councils of churches. Such cities as
Minneapolis, Billings, Butte, Spokane, Tacoma, Olympia, San
José, Bakersfield, Stockton, San Diego and Denver were in-
cluded in the itinerary, and in all of them addresses were made
and conferences held. Special attention was given to the local
councils of churches at Seattle, Portland, San Francisco and
vicinity, Sacramento and Los Angeles. In the conferences
deep interest was manifested in the attempt to coordinate the
Protestant forces and to serve effectively in behalf of the co-
operating denominations. There was usually evident a feeling
of gratitude that the Federal Council is carrying forward the
cooperative movement in such a variety of forms. It is clear
that many of these communities through the west especially
appreciate the interest of the Federal Council, not only as
manifested in establishing the Western Office at Chicago, but
in the visits of secretaries through the west and to the coast.
Visits to other cities have been made by the representative
of the Federal Council during the season, including St. Louis,
Mo.; Richmond, Ind.; Aurora and Peoria, Ill.; Clinton, lowa;
Buffalo, N. Y.; Detroit and Grand Rapids, Mich.; Youngs-
town, Ohio; Lincoln and Omaha, Neb.; Milwaukee and Apple-
ton, Wis., and Northfield, Minn. Many of the meetings of
the Administrative Committee in New York have been at-
tended by the representative, and occasionally by other mem-
bers of the Western Committee. These committee members
have also been serviceable in representing the Federal Council
on several occasions. Addresses have also been made by the
202 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
representative in the interest of the work of the Council at
several educational institutions, colleges, universities and
theological seminaries.
One of the functions of the Western Office has been the
securing of transportation for the members of the secretarial
force. This has been possible to a certain extent, and about
20,000 miles of free transportation have been secured during
the past year. A large body of circular literature, descriptive
of the Federal Council’s work, has been distributed from this
office, and a considerable number of the recently published
Year Book of the Churches have been sold.
An event of significance in the calendar of the Western
Office was the visit of Dr. Speer to Chicago, October 19,
1922, under the joint auspices of the Federal Council and the
Chicago Church Federation. A body of nearly 500 citizens
heard his stirring address on the necessity for cooperative
action among Protestant forces in meeting adequately the
present world situation.
During 1923 visits were made by Dr. Willett to many points
within the area of the Western Committee’s work. In all of
these places interpretations were made of the work of the
Federal Council and of the cooperative movement in general.
One of the most important items connected with the work
of the Western Office has been the promotion of the Illinois
Council of Churches.
It is the conviction of the Western Committee that the loca-
tion of the office of the Federal Council in the Western area
has been a profitable and timely procedure. It is increasingly
apparent that interest in the Federal Council is growing in
proportion to the interpretation of its work, by correspondence,
by conference, and by visitation.
The amount of correspondence grows constantly; the num-
ber of visitors to the Western Office increases, and the oppor-
tunities for visitation open to a secretary or representative of
the Federal Council are increasing rapidly. It is the belief of
the Committee that the present arrangements, involving as
they do, only a portion of the time of the representative, do not
meet the full needs of the situation, and that as soon as possible
steps should be taken to secure a secretary who can devote all
of his time to this important and expanding work.
In August the representative, Rev. Herbert L. Willett, re-
signed to leave on a world tour, in which he will represent the
interest of the Federal Council as occasion offers. The office
administration at present is cared for by Rev. Perry J. Rice.
SHAILER MATHEWS, Chairman.
AFFILIATED, CONSULTATIVE AND
COOPERATING BODIES
HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL
The Home Missions Council, like the Federal Council, is
one of those interdenominational children that was born some
sixteen years ago. Like the Federal Council, it has gradually
extended the scope of its work through the years until today
a very definite and vital contribution is being made in the
field of cooperative service. This organization in conjunction
with the Council of Women for Home Missions is rendering
a very effective service to the strangers who pass through
Ellis Island. Through direct contacts in Europe, and social
workers at Ellis Island, we are able to furnish very definite
information to pastors concerning the locations of incoming
immigrants in their community. The increase of Protestant
immigrants under the new law has greatly enlarged both our
opportunity and responsibility in this respect.
Another very fine piece of joint work is being carried on in
eight Government Indian Schools. Through this plan a single
religious worker is provided for each of these schools. No
stress of denominations is involved. Competition is eliminated.
Government approval and cooperation is assured while the
Indian students rejoice in feeling that their religion tends to
provide a basis for a more satisfactory fellowship all around.
This arrangement, like the one mentioned above, is meeting
with increased support generally. It secures a better type of
leadership with less expense to the Home Mission Boards.
Much attention has been and will be given to the develop-
ment of cooperative plans in the field. The administrators
of eight states are cooperating through Councils, organized
under the stimulus of the Home Missions Council. They are
planning together to provide service for unchurched fields and
the elimination of excessive competition, wherever possible.
This work has been done without much publicity, yet without
doubt no organization has done more in developing coopera-
tive plans in field administration than the Home Missions
Council. The interest is steadily growing, and involves both
English work and that of racial or foreign speaking groups.
As a consequence of these field plans, there can be no doubt
but the various boards have been saved thousands, if not
203
204 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
millions of money. Beside this, communities being served are
responding in a more satisfactory manner.
In recent years our conception of what ought to be involved
in Christian work has changed greatly. There is no human
interest that is not now given consideration in some way.
The Home Mission Boards are now involved in a great many
differing lines of work. This has greatly affected the work
of the Home Missions Council. It has also affected other
organizations such as the Federal Council. As a result, there
are regions of work in which both are logically interested.
To avoid a possible duplication in the future it is most desirable
that the representatives of these two organizations should en-
deavor to more closely coordinate, if not consolidate these
two bodies. Fair minded spirits ought to work toward the day
when these organizations would prove to be living examples
of the ideals they advocate for others.
C. E. VERMILYA,
General Secretary.
COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS
Composed of twenty Women’s Boards of Home Missions,
simultaneous partnership with organizations functioning in
radically different realms is a preeminent characteristic of the
Council of Women for Home Missions. Evidences of this are
(1) service for women’s groups carried on in unity with the
Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions, (2) co-
operation with the Home Missions Council through committees
dealing with various types of people or areas of missionary
endeavor, and (3) joint publishing with the Missionary Edu-
cation Movement. The statement of the Council presented to
the last quadrennial meeting of the Federal Council outlined
the beginning and growth in cooperation along these lines, then
of comparatively recent date. The intervening years have
greatly strengthened these bonds.
A joint committee of the Federation and Council prepares
plans, programs and printed material for the use of local
Women’s Church and Missionary Federations, Missionary
Unions and Women’s Departments of Councils of Churches.
The local groups are affiliated by payment of annual dues.
The Day of Prayer for Missions is observed on the first
Friday in Lent. The Federation and Council provide a pro-
gram and preliminary material and suggest for freewill offer-
ings the following interdenominationally conducted projects:
Work among Farm and Cannery Migrants, Christian Litera-
ture for Women and Children in Mission Fields, Women’s
Union Christian Colleges of the Orient.
The latter two are foreign mission objects. The Work
among Farm and Cannery Migrants is carried on through the
Council by a committee composed of twelve women’s boards,
being financed by those boards and contributions from local
federations and student groups. The needs of the migrants
and the type of service at the stations is graphically portrayed
in leaflets published by the Council, several especially attrac-
tive new issues having been printed during the past year. Miss
Laura H. Parker is Executive Supervisor. Beside stations
among foreign-speaking and Negro folk in the Chesapeake
area, in 1924 a local committee was formed in Oregon and
with Miss Louise F. Shields as Supervisor, stations were
opened in hop fields and apple ranches.
The Federation and Council provide Woman's Home and
Foreign Mission Bulletins; six pages in each issue of the
Missionary Review of the World. These furnish important
205
206 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
news items and reports, articles on the various fields, and sug-
gestions for meetings and activities.
Nineteen Conferences and Schools of Missions are affiliated
with the Council and a Home Missions Institute is annually
conducted at Chautauqua, N. Y. A recent development in the
growing cooperation of the Federation and Council has been
effected through the unification of the work of the two com-
mittees on Schools of Missions.
The Federated Student Committee has been formed, com-
posed of the Committees on Student Work of the Federation
and Council, representatives of the Student Department of the
Young Women’s Christian Association, women representatives
of the Council of Church Boards of Education, Student Volun-
teer Movement, and Student Fellowship for Christian Life-
Service. The agencies doing religious work among women
students thus now have facilities for correlating and integra-
ting their service, and for complete understanding and in-
formation concerning each other’s separate activities. Unitedly
they are “promoting visits to colleges by interdenominational
teams thus bringing the work of the whole Church before the
entire student body at the same time and developing inter-
denominational cooperation.”
Since 1920, while maintaining separate entity, the Home
Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions
have had joint committees on all lines of work common to
the two organizations and have held their annual meetings
together, thus eliminating overlapping or duplication of effort.
Two undertakings of the Councils might be especially men-
tioned. (1) Religious Work Directors are appointed to a
number of Government Indian Schools. This field gives
promise of great fruitfulness for in these schools are gathered
at the most impressionable age the potential leaders of the race.
(2) The Bureau of Reference for Migrating People, formerly
called Follow-Up of New Americans, forwards the names of
Protestant immigrants to pastors or local agencies (such as
Councils of Churches) at destination, providing a service of
reference, visitation and ministration, and helping to extend
the “hand of friendship” to the new comers. Mr. Raymond
E. Cole is in charge of this work for immigrants.
Joint publishing of all interdenominational home mission
literature by the Missionary Education Movement and Coun-
cil of Women for Home Missions which, four years ago, had
just begun, has since been in continuous operation with hearty
accord. The theme for 1924-’25 is “The Way of Christ in
Race Relations,” with the following books: for adults and
young people, Of One Blood, by Robert E. Speer, Adventures
COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS 207
in Brotherhood, by Dorothy F. Giles; for intermediate groups,
Land of All Nations, by Margaret F. Seebach; for boys and
girls, a reading book, Uncle Sam’s Family, by Dorothy McCon-
nell; for leaders of junior groups, Better Americans; Number
Two, by Mary DeBardeleben. A reading book, The Land of
Saddle Bags, a study of the mountain people of Appalachia, by
James Watt Raine, has also been published. The theme for
1925-’26 will be “The Slavs in America.”
Besides these perennial services, the Council from time to
time joins with other groups in various spheres of related
activity. Among these this past year have been (1) the study
of recruiting by representatives of interdenominational bodies,
(2) service on the Council on Correlation of Programs of
Religious Education, (3) participation in the Women’s Na-
tional Committee for Law Enforcement and in (4) the Co-
operating Council of the American Peace Award created by
Edward W. Bok, and (5) membership in the Women’s Joint
Congressional Committee. A group of ten national women’s
organizations, of which the Council is one, is planning a Con-
ference on the Cause and Cure of War to be held in Wash-
ington, D. C., January 18-24, 1925.
The Council governs the direction and decides the diversity
of its efforts with a realization of the relation of missions to
world peace and international, economic and race relations, and
is ever seeking through education and activities, to aid in estab-
lishing an unqualifiedly Christian basis for world relations.
FLORENCE E. QuINLAN,
Executive Secretary.
FEDERATION OF WOMAN’S BOARDS OF
FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA
The present membership of the Federation of Woman’s
Boards of Foreign Missions of North America is twenty-
seven Women’s Boards of Foreign Missions in the United
States and Canada and four interdenominational agencies ; The
McAll Mission having become affiliated in January, 1924.
Twenty-one Schools of Missions or Summer Conferences are
also affiliated with the Federation.
The Central Committee for the United Study of Foreign
Missions, which acts as the Publication and Literature Com-
mittee of the Federation is celebrating in January, 1925, its
twenty-fifth anniversary. The theme for the study books of
1924-1925 is China. The senior book, “Ming Kwong—City
of Morning Light,’ by Mary Ninde Gamewell, the Junior
“Chinese Lanterns,” by Mrs. Henry Meyer. For 1925-1926
the theme Prayer and Missions is a fitting climax for their
silver anniversary. Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery is writing
the adult book and Mrs. E. C. Cronk the junior.
Twenty-five Church and Missionary Federations are af-
filiated with the Federation by a payment of annual dues. A
joint Committee with the Council of Women for Home Mis-
sions on Church and Missionary Federations prepares leaflets
with suggestions for organization and programs, keeps them
in touch with the interdenominational activities and is in con-
stant correspondence with between two and three hundred such
organizations and is trying to have them affiliate with the
national societies.
The Day of Prayer for Missions is observed annually on
the first Friday in Lent, by Canada and the United States;
Canada prepares her own material. A card and program are
prepared annually by the Federation and the Council, the de-
mand for which has steadily increased since the beginning of
the united observance. The theme for February 27, 1925, is
“Even as Thou Wilt.” A program of Prayer and Thanksgiv-
ing, emphasizing a Christian Basis for World Relations, World
Cooperation, and Allegiance to Law.
The Federation cooperates through its Committee on Inter-
denominational Institutions on the Foreign Field with the Co-
operating Committee on Women’s Union Christian Colleges on
the Mission Field. New buildings for the seven Union Col-
leges have been completed or are under construction.
The work of the Committee for Christian Literature for
208
WOMAN’S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 209
Women and Children on the Mission Field which the Federa-
tion promotes in China, Japan and India, far exceeds in its
demands all the committee can do. In China it helps publish
a magazine for children “Happy Childhood,” which reaches at
least ten thousand children each month. In Japan, a small
newspaper “Light of Love,’ for coolie women and children
has a large circulation; Dr. Hulbert’s “Stories of the Bible”
has been translated and published there this year. “The
Treasure Chest,” a magazine for boys and girls was started in
1922, and has a paid subscription in India of three thousand;
it is published in English and three vernaculars, Urdu, Marathi
and Tamil.
The Federation this year has cooperated with the Woman’s
National Committee for Law Enforcement and with other
National Women’s Organizations for a convention on the
Cause and Cure of War to be held in Washington, January,
1925. It endorses the World Acquaintance Tours and con-
tinues its work for the Federation of Christian Women of the
World.
The official publication of the Federation is a three page
Foreign Mission Bulletin, published in the Missionary Review
of the World.
Fuller cooperation, more united service and a truer concep-
tion of the scope and purpose of women’s work for missions is
the goal for which we are striving.
SARAH H. PoLHEMUs,
Executive Secretary.
THE COUNCIL OF CHURCH BOARDS OF
EDUCATION
During the year 1924 the Executive Secretary of the
Council of Church Boards of Education, who is also the
Executive Secretary of the Association of American Col-
leges, by invitation of the Office National des Universités et
Ecoles Francatses delivered a course of lectures at the Sor-
bonne (University of Paris) on the organization and student
life of American institutions of higher education. A significant
bond of fellowship is being established between exchange
scholars in the two countries. The Association of Franco-
American Scholars—the only student association in France—
is an active organization following American student models.
Of the French students now in the United States on scholar-
ships, nearly all are in colleges and universities affiliated with
the Council of Church Boards of Education and the Associa-
tion of American Colleges, these institutions being those for
the most part that offer scholarships.
A study of theological education covering nearly three years
has been completed. A report on the theological seminaries and
colleges of the United States and Canada (161) under the
title THEOLOGICAL EpucATION IN AMERICA—a book of 400
pages—published by the Institute of Social and Religious Re-
search, has met a remarkable reception, having had unusual
publicity in both the secular and religious press. It is the
work of a fact-finding not a program-making Commission. A
widespread demand has sprung up for a “follow-up” of the
findings embodied in this book and for conferences looking
toward the improvement of theological instruction. Among
the agencies urging interdenominational cooperation in this
effort are the Conference of Theological Seminaries and Col-
leges of the United States and Canada, the Conference of
Theological Seminaries of the South, numerous church Boards
of Education and individual seminaries. As Bishop Brent,
Chairman of the Advisory Committee, under whose direction
the survey was made, has said: “I believe, and others agree
with me, that it may be a new starting point for theological
education.”
A careful study of the theological schools and departments
training Negro ministers has been completed and the findings
embodied in a separate report. In this connection the follow-
ing resolution passed by the National Association of Teachers
210
COUNCIL OF CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION 211
in Colored Schools in annual session at Dallas, Tex., July 30,
1924, is of no small significance:
“We recommend and request that provision be made for the ap-
pointment of a suitable man to become a visitor and advisor of
theological education in our schools, working in cooperation with
various authorities for the development of theological training.”
It is a matter of interest also that the theological seminaries
of a number of the denominations are relating themselves to
the church boards of education with the purpose of coordina-
ting their work more fully with the other agencies of Christian
education.
In addition to these studies, there are two others closely re-
lated which will be of great use in the future plans for
Christian education: one a study of the work of the Y. M. C. A.
in the colleges and universities by Dr. E. C. Sage of the Gen-
eral Education Board; the other a far-reaching investigation,
first proposed by the Council of Church Boards of Education,
undertaken by the Institute of Social and Religious Research,
of the moral and religious conditions in institutions of higher
education. These will furnish notable source material for
years to come in nation-wide programs for Christian education.
During the year also the Council itself has completed an
investigation of the religious instruction offered by 250 colleges
affiliated with the church boards of education. This shows
the work done in religious instruction by student groups ag-
gregating more than 100,000 in denominational colleges. Num-
erous suggestions are made for improving the instruction in
religion among these students. This report is a companion
piece to “Undergraduate Courses in Religion in Tax-Supported
Colleges and Universities of America,’ Bulletin IV, of the
National Council of Religion in Higher Education, which sets
forth the opportunity for religious instruction among 100,000
students in state institutions.
The interest taken by the administrators of our state uni-
versities and colleges in Christian education has been increas-
ingly sympathetic and intelligent. Numerous plans for em-
phasizing the religious significance of American education are
now actively espoused by state university presidents and deans.
The demands upon the Council of Church Boards of Edu-
cation for work in and for the colleges, universities and
seminaries have so increased that an experienced solicitor has
been placed in the field to increase the Council’s budget. There
are many evidences of remarkable development in this field
in the immediate future.
Rosert L. KEtty,
Executive Secretary.
AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY
From 1920 to 1924 the issues of the Society have been as
follows:
AO ZU Nea vehamtie | Sa MR a Uat satay WG aw ene ea 3,825,401
Dee inn wie i telig'ah 4's is BHT b etait RIM UIWN A a bg te aisha Ur oat lt 4,861,181
POZO AE REY) Wis iare Gait aivteca a stata a eater cual tg intaia iM, cus elses 4,563,067
PORT NNT PERE clPcis Lita Week neta i parer ane Und ag 7,101,289
gee ee appar Cpe Ca Menta alos Sh FL ap 20,350,938
The total of the preceding quadrennium was... .20,216,348
THiS} Sat sinierease GL. Nel ewe et «clean gees s 134,590
over the preceding four years.
In some respects the most notable fact in the history of the
Society during this period has been the giving up of manufac-
ture in the Bible House, at Astor Place. The old brick build-
ing covering the entire block between 8th Street and 9th Street
and Third and Fourth Avenues was erected over seventy-five
years ago for the purpose of providing a home for the exten-
sive manufacturing interests of the Society, its Executive Of-
fices, the meetings of its governing board, etc. Half of the
building was used for this purpose, the other half being a
source of income for the Society. For some time the Society
has been studying the possibility of securing the manufacture
of its books in the various large printing plants in different
parts of the country and it became convinced that it could
enlarge its work and reduce its costs by using such establish-
ments rather than by the expensive process of keeping its own
plant up to date with all the applications requisite for the
multiplied demands. As an illustration it may be mentioned
that the Society is able to produce Gospels at one cent a piece
by having them run off by the million on special presses adap-
ted for that work which are expensive presses for which the
Society would have no use except for a period of a few weeks
each year. On the first of February, 1922, the presses of the
Society ceased the service which they had rendered for many
decades. They have since been removed from the Bible House
and the great rooms in which they were have been fitted for
offices for the promotional work of the institution. The rooms
occupied by the bindery and other similar activities have been
remodeled into office rooms and are now bringing in an income.
Suitable arrangements were made with the employees by which
their interests were cared for, quite a number of them being
placed on a pension list because they had been with the Society
212
AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY 213
many, many years. The new program is working efficiently.
It has its drawbacks but it has made possible, in spite of the
increasing cost of production, quite a considerable reduction in
the prices of the books that are most largely used for Sunday
Schools and missionary purposes. Of course the Society con-
tinues to use its own plates so that the accuracy of the versions,
for which the Society has been notable, has been preserved. In
fire-proof vaults these plates are carefully kept and it would
cost an incalculable sum almost to replace them if they should
be destroyed. They are one of the great physical assets of the
Society.
The translation and revision work of these last four years
has seen the preparation of the Four Gospels in Mukri-Kurd-
ish for use on the frontier of Turkey and Persia, translated by
a Mr. Fossum who died as the result of unselfish service for
the Near East Relief; the Four Gospels and the Acts of the
Apostles and the First Epistle of John were brought out in
Luragoli for use in East Africa; the Gospel of St. Mark in
K’Pelle for West Africa; the Gospel of St. John in Olunyore
for work in East Africa; the Gospel of St. John has been pre-
pared for the Mussu people in Siam; the New Testament has
been completed in Bolivian Quechua published in a diglot
form with Spanish for the Inca Indians in Bolivia; the work
of preparing a revised Spanish New Testament, for use in
Spain and Latin America, in which the Society has had fel-
lowship with the British and Foreign Bible Society for many
years, has been completed. There are ninety millions of people
in the world that speak the Spanish language. This Spanish
American Version has been given a hearty reception. In China
the two great Union Versions, one the Union Wenli and the
other the Union Mandarin on which Committees of mission-
aries had been working for many generations, were completed
both in the Shangti and Shen editions. This event is as notable
as any event in the missionary world to those who have imag-
ination sufficient to see the meaning of this perfection of the
Bible in the common language spoken by hundreds of millions
of people as well as in the language used by the more scholarly
in that land. The Society has also brought out the Scriptures
in the Phonetic Script which is gaining a considerable use in
China. The Revised Zulu Bible has also been completed for
service among large numbers of people speaking that language
in South Africa. The Society is now undertaking a survey of
the needs of the Indian peoples in Mexico, Central and South
America and has begun cooperation with missionaries there in
a number of dialects.
In our report of four years ago reference was made to the
214 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
use of the Scriptures among the soldiers engaged in the world
war. It is perhaps desirable that a brief summary should be
given here. The total of the Society’s supplies for the Amer-
ican Forces during the war was 4,920,543 volumes. Special
New Testaments were prepared for the American troops in
Bohemian, French, Greek, Italian, Polish, Roumanian, Rus-
sian, Spanish and Yiddish. These are separate from the
foreign language Bibles to which reference was made four
years ago. In addition to the volumes supplied for the Army
and Navy of the United States 1,887,758 volumes were sent
out by the Society to the belligerent forces of all the nations
making a complete'record of nearly seven millions of volumes
(6,808,301) distributed by the American Bible Society during
the war among the forces engaged in it.
The most amazing event of the four years was the earth-
quake in Japan on the first of September, 1923. Few if any
can realize what this meant to the American Bible Society. At
the Fukuin Printing Plant, in Yokohama, the Society had
plates of all its versions used in Japan, some of those used in
China, many of those used in Siam and all of those used in
the ten languages and dialects in the Philippines. In a mo-
ment, in the complete demolishing of this building and the
furnace of fire which followed, these plates were melted with
the ashes of the building into a molten mass. The work of
years, the labor of many earnest people, Japanese and mission-
aries, was utterly destroyed. The Society was staggered by
the out-reach of its loss. Today, after more than a year has
passed by, there are no Bibles and only one New Testament
available for the missionary work of the Philippine Islands.
New plates have had to be made. New revisions were requisite
in many instances before new plates could be made and new
editions had to be manufactured. Half a million copies of
Japanese Gospels were reproduced by photography and sent
to Tokyo. All the Japanese Scriptures that could be spared
from the Society’s Agencies on the Pacific coast, in the
Philippines, Siam and China were also forwarded and little
by little the needs of the people were met for they needed the
consolations of the Scriptures as never before.
Two new Agencies have been established, the Upper Andes,
covering parts of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia; and
the Arabic-Levant Agency covering the Arabic-speaking por-
tions of the Levant, with headquarters in Cairo.
WILLIAM I. HAVEN.
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE
YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS
OF NORTH AMERICA
The current year has witnessed one of the most significant
events in the history of the Young Men’s Christian Association
in America. After fifty-eight years of continuous service with
the State and Local Young Men’s Christian Associations, as
well as in Foreign fields, the International Committee will
transfer its responsibilities to the new National Council at the
first session of the Council held in Buffalo, N. Y., December
3-6. The new National Council is elected directly by the
Associations and is so organized as to be quickly responsive to
their will and needs. It is a genuinely modern and efficient
legislative body. In addition to coordinating our varied ac-
tivities, the reorganization will, no doubt, result in greater
efficiency and economy both in operation and administration.
This is the consummation of the process outlined in our former
statement to the annual meeting of the Executive Committee.
After the new Constitution had been finally adopted by the
referendum vote of the Associations, the Committee at once
began to give thought and time to such preliminary adjust-
ments as would best facilitate the transfer of responsibility
with the least possible loss in service to the Brotherhood.
With this readjustment and coordination of its forces the en-
tire Brotherhood is pervaded with a new sense of unity and
faces with confidence the growing demands of the new day.
Relationship to the Churches:
The historic relationship of the Young Men’s Christian As-
sociation to the Evangelical Churches has been re-stated and
re-examined in recent years. One of the results of this process
has been an official action by the International Convention
authorizing “an approach to those Evangelical Churches with
which we have important relations” requesting the appointment
of a Standing Committee on the Young Men’s Christian Asso-
ciation in each of these Communions, to be available for con-
ference on any problems which may develop in our relationship,
and to further enlarge the areas of understanding and co-
operative effort.
These Communions were also requested through their judica-
tory bodies to appoint one representative on a General Coun-
selling Commission of the Churches, to confer with us on the
National policies of the Association as they relate to the
Churches.
215
216 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
The first meeting of the General Counselling Commission
was held in New York in October in an all day session.
Eleven official representatives of the Communions met mem-
bers of the Executive Committee of the International Com-
mittee and a group of Secretaries. Advisory action was taken
on several important questions germane to mutual understand-
ing and cooperative work with men and boys. This marks a
notable advanced step in the recognition of our responsibility
to serve and increasingly work through the Churches. With-
out question the work of the Commission will not only enlarge
the areas of National cooperation with the Churches, but also
greatly reinforce such enterprises in local fields.
In addition to these important developments, there has been
a steady outreach in Association activities both at home and
abroad, of which only briefest mention may be made.
Home Division:
Continued attention has been given to the Religious Work
Emphasis throughout the Brotherhood. The two years’ pro-
gram of intervisitation not only developed better methods of
building and promoting a religious work program but also led
the Association to face the issues involved in a more prophetic
and statesmanlike way. As a result of this study and analysis
practical principles and methods have been outlined and em-
bodied in a hand book entitled “Christian Character Building
with Boys and Young Men,” which is in wide use among the
Associations and will have value wherever the problem of re-
ligion among men and boys is faced.
In many communities the Young Men’s Christian Associa-
tion, through its physical Department, is co-operating actively
with the churches in the following very definite ways: organ-
izing and promoting church athletic leagues for basket ball,
baseball, track and field athletics, volley ball, etc.; furnishing
the use of the gymnasium and swimming pool, athletic fields
and bowling alleys for church teams; conducting training
classes for adult leaders of church physical and recreational
activities; furnishing experienced leaders and equipment for
church picnics and social gatherings. There is a growing inter-
est in all of these phases of work and much more can be done to
the mutual advantage of the churches and the Association.
The Educational Department serves over 100,000 young men
and boys in their cultural and vocational preparation. It is
evolving a system of Christian education adapted to the needs
of employed boys and young men, and so supplies a need which
can only be partially met by the colleges.
The City Department has further extended the Community
YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS 217
type of work. It has given special attention to the smaller
cities.
The Conference of Secretaries of Small Cities held at Blue
Ridge, May 31 to June 2, set a new milestone in the work of
the Young Men’s Christian Association in cities between 5,000
and 25,000. This conference was planned to give the fullest
opportunity to the 158 delegates to think together on the prob-
lem facing the small cities.
One entire session was given over to the topic—“The Asso-
ciation’s Relation to the Church.” It was very apparent in the
conference that if the needs of the boys and young men of
these small cities are to be adequately met, the Young Men’s
Christian Association and the Church would need to work in
the very closest relationship.
The Student Department’s five year program of advance,
gives the fullest possible opportunity for student initiative and
control. It has branches or affliated organizations in about
700 schools of Normal, College and University grade, includ-
ing Theological Seminaries. The Student Department reports
that the Student Associations have never been more loyal to
the person of Christ and the Church of Christ.
A unique and promising development in the Town and
Country Department is the increasing interest taken by City
Associations in the adjacent towns and country districts. In
some of the larger cities, notably Columbus and Cincinnati,
Ohio, the metropolitan boards are taking the work over as a
branch of their regular activities with the County Secretary a
member of the metropolitan staff, and the County Committee
composed largely of representatives from nearby towns, but
with a few of its members residing in the city. It is estimated
that not less than 300 counties can be advantageously served in
this way.
The Colored Men’s Department has grown in influence and
effectiveness. In addition to its other activities, it is making a
marked contribution to the problem of Race relationships.
The service of the Army and Navy Departments is welcomed
by the Government and the enlisted men. Its policy of co-
operation with the Chaplains unites the Churches and the
Young Men’s Christian Association in this service.
The Industrial and the Transportation Departments have
enlarged their Christian ministry in the realm of human rela-
tionship and serve a larger body of industrial men than ever
before.
Indicative of the material growth of the Movement the
Building Bureau has in hand some seventy-five building pro-
jects representing a possible expenditure of not less than
218 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
$22,000,000. The successful completion of the campaign for
$3,000,000 in St. Louis, where a new central and branch build-
ings will be erected, was an outstanding achievement of the
year. The energetic co-operation of all the Protestant forces
of the City made this great achievement possible. Other
notable gains were made in other cities.
Foreign Division:
Foreign secretaries of the International Committee, serving
in eighteen countries, have not only planted a movement but
have so developed a national and local leadership as to make
the Y. M. C. A. indigenous in most of these countries. Au-
tonomous National Committees have been formed in Japan,
Korea, China, the Philippines, India and Ceylon, Portugal,
Mexico, Brazil and for all South America. The foreign secre-
tary places his knowledge of Association principles and his
experience at the service of the national movement. In some
communities he is the General Secretary; in others a Depart-
mental Secretary ; always he is a counsellor and friend to lay
leaders, to his native colleagues and to all members of the
Association. He suggests new plans and aids in their execu-
tion. He brings his experience to bear on strange and baffling
situations. He is a stabilizer in emergencies. He represents
the best features of American and Canadian life to people who
do not understand them. He helps travelers from other coun-
tries understand the people and the life of his adopted land.
He leads men and boys into the Christian way of life.
The foreign movements are self-propagating, self-support-
ing, inter-denominational movements which aim to serve the
Church. They are under the leadership and control of the
people in the community served. At the present time there are
118 city and 266 student Associations having a total member-
ship of 125,000 men and boys. The activities of these Asso-
ciations are presided over by 583 National and 173 American
and Canadian Secretaries.
Davip G. LaTsHAW.
THE NATIONAL BOARD OF THE YOUNG
WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS
The year 1924 has been one of the most important ones in
the history of the National Board of the Young Women’s
Christian Associations, because for the first time the World’s
Committee of the Young Women’s Christian Association,
which unites in a common purpose the women of forty coun-
tries, held its biennial meeting in the United States, in Wash-
ington, in May. Not only was the meeting itself significant,
but the time of the meeting was also significant. It was so
planned that it followed the Eighth National Convention of the
Young Women’s Christian Associations of America, held in
New York, and therefore made possible in this earlier meeting
the presence of women of twenty-one nationalities. In the
national convention, the keynote of which was world fellow-
ship, delegates from five hundred and thirty Associations
gathered to review the work of the Association for the pre-
ceding two years, to take account of world conditions and to
plan how a woman’s movement that calls itself Christian can
make its special contribution to the solution of the problems
that are confronting the women of today.
In the convention of two years ago the Association through
resolutions expressed its belief in the outlawry of war, and
endorsed a resolution of the World’s Committee that “encour-
aged the development of a right public conscience such as
should strengthen those forces that are working for world
peace and understanding between classes, nations and races.”
These resolutions have been kept constantly before the Asso-
ciations during the last biennium, and the following actions in
the convention of 1924 show the progress that has been made:
League of Nations
Whereas: We are convinced that the League of Nations should be
considered as a non-partisan issue; and
Whereas: The United States is increasingly cooperating with the
League of Nations in humanitarian activities such as representation
on the following commissions: Health, Opium, Traffic in Women
and Children, Industrial Hygiene; and
Whereas: The League of Nations is a flexible instrument capable of
change to meet new conditions; and
Whereas: The Young Women’s Christian Associations in forty coun-
tries are united in a world Young Women’s Christian Association,
and all but five of these countries (the United States, Russia, Ger-
many, Turkey and Mexico) are now members of the League of
Nations:
219
220 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Be It Resolved: That, on the basis of the actions of former conven-
tions expressing our conviction that war should be outlawed, and
our feeling of responsibility for the promotion of peace and better
understanding between nations; and in view of the action of the
National Board endorsing the entrance of the United States into the
Permanent Court of International Justice and with the conviction
that the League of Nations offers itself as a further means toward
developing stable and equitable relationships among nations; we,
the Young Women’s Christian Associations of the United States of
America, pledge ourselves to use our efforts to secure the entrance
of the United States into the League of Nations.
The Committee on the National Board’s report also recom-
mended that to the present program in citizenship and legis-
lation, which program focuses the attention of our members
to legislation affecting women and children, the following items
be added:
Citizenship and Legislation
I. Federal Legislation. Entrance of the United States into the
League of Nations.
II. Recommended Study of National Issues.
1. Immigration Legislation.
a, Government measures for securing protection of mi-
grating girls and women.
b. Our national immigration policies as they increase or
decrease the unhappy social consequences resulting
from enforced separation of families.
c, Our national immigration policies as they promote or
hinder goodwill among peoples of all the nations in-
volved in migration.
2. International Relations.
a. Making and administering the foreign policy of the
United States.
b. The United States and world economic adjustments.
III. Recommended State Emphasis.
1. State ratification of Children’s Amendment (after passage
by Congress).
2. Specific legislation to remedy legal discriminations against
women.
. Follow-up of measures enacted.
. Law observance and law enforcement.
. Study of marriage and divorce laws.
IV. Increased Emphasis on Education for Citizenship.
1. Through summer conferences and group gatherings.
2. In local associations programs.
3. Through cooperation with other organizations.
Of special interest to the churches should be the recom-
mendation of the Commission to Study the Basis for Member-
ship in Associations other than Student. These recommenda-
tions received the necessary vote to make it possible to present
them to the next convention for final action.
Cn tf SG
YOUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS 221
Alternate Membership Basis
ArtTIcLeE II, Section 2. Any Young Women’s Christian Association
other than student may be a member of the national organization upon
application to the National Board and upon filing with it a copy of
its constitution, showing
a. That its voting and office holding membership is limited to
women who are members of Protestant evangelical churches, or,
b. That its constitution embodies the following:
I. Preamble
The Young Women’s Christian Association of.............
BS ates SAP IS , affirming the Christian faith in God, the
Father; and in Jesus Christ, His Only Son, our Lord and
Savior; and in the Holy Spirit, the Revealer of truth and
Source of power for life and service; according to the
teaching of Holy Scripture and the witness of the Church,
declares its purpose to be:
II. Purpose
1. To associate young women in personal loyalty to Jesus
Christ as Savior and Lord;
2. To lead them into membership and service in the Christian
Church.
3. To promote growth in Christian character and service
through physical, social, mental and spiritual training;
4. To become a social force for the extension of the King-
dom of God.
Ill. Qualifications
1. For Electors. Any woman or girl of the community, over
eighteen years of age, may become an elector in the Asso-
ciation provided she makes the following declaration: “I
desire to enter the Christian fellowship of the Association.
I will loyally endeavor to uphold the purpose in my own
life and through my membership in the Association.”
2. For Board Members. Members of the board shall be
chosen from the electors of the Association. Three-
fourths of the members of the board, including three-
fourths of the officers of the Association, shall be mem-
bers of churches eligible to membership in the Federal
Council of the Churches of Christ in America.
3. For Delegates. Three-fourths of the voting members of
each local delegation at the National Convention must be
members of churches eligible to membership in the Fed-
eral Council of the Churches of Christ in America.
c. Administration of a Personal Basis. That a committee be ap-
pointed to devise a plan for administering a personal basis; that
this committee be ready to report to the 1926 Convention should
the proposed basis again pass by the necessary two-thirds vote.
The resolutions quoted are only a few of those passed at the
convention that help to outline the program of the Association
for the next two years, but they have been chosen for this
report because they represent our common cause and interest.
Maser Cratty,
General Secretary.
COMMITTEE ON COOPERATION IN LATIN
AMERICA
The wisdom of organizing the Committee on Cooperation
in Latin America has never been more apparent than at present.
With the storm and stress of economic disturbances and the
rising of nationalism in all parts of the world, America is
better able than ever to be of help to the world. Excluded
from the council table of the nations a few years ago, Latin
America has recently taken a prominent place there as well as
in the economic world. An important question now is whether
Latin America will cast her lot with Europe or whether all
America shall work unitedly with other nations for the peace
of the world. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amer-
ica is interested not only in enlarging and uniting the activities
of the missionary societies in this field, but also in helping
America, North and South, to a unity with all the rest of
humanity. As far as world service can be secured by closer
cooperation with the republics of the American Continent the
Christian forces will work toward that end. Anglo-Saxon
and Latin American have largely lived apart in the past, mis-
understanding one another and unable to unite in a service of
which the rest of the world is so greatly in need.
There are, however, encouraging signs of promise on the
horizon in spite of a century of misunderstanding between the
Americas. The United States troops have been withdrawn
from Santo Domingo, there are thousands of students from
Latin American countries in the United States, and five hun-
dred teachers from the North last year attended summer
school in Mexico City. Fast steamers now ply between New
York and Buenos Aires on the east coast and New York
through the Panama Canal to Valparaiso on the west—these
and many other things are promises of closer friendship. On
the other hand the Latin American periodicals are filled with
sentiments like the one recently expressed by the Chilean poet-
ess, Gabriela Mistral, who says that two things unite the
Southern Americans, the beautiful Spanish language and the
hurt caused by the United States.
Through the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America
the missionary enterprise has secured a new place in the
building of international friendship. This Committee has
always eschewed purely political questions. It has been
forced into working, however, for Inter-American friendship,
222
COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA 223
always keeping in mind that if justice and mutual understand-
ing can beget international friendship on the American Con-
tinent, the whole world will be blest.
During the last few years, activities of the Committee on
Cooperation the following outstanding developments may be
cited. First, an enlarged emphasis on evangelical missionary
work in Latin America; every one of the twenty-eight boards,
members of this Committee has greatly enlarged its work dur-
ing this period, causing an enlarged interest in the churches at
home. Second, there has been an enlarged conception of the
meaning and opportunity of mission work in these Southern
countries. Many new hospitals, nursing agencies, social cen-
ters, extension of educational work, etc., have enlarged the
sphere of influence of the missionary enterprise. Third, closer
cooperation among the missionary forces; an understanding as
to the responsibility for the occupation of territory has been
reached in practically every one of the twenty Latin American
countries. While some societies, not members of this Com-
mittee, do not observe these rules of comity, all the twenty-
eight boards that are not only recognize this delimitation of
territory but report a great gain in efficiency because of it.
Many union schools and union presses have been developed
as well as other institutions on a federated or united plan.
Probably the greatest gain has been in the spirit of unity which
so widely pervades the mission boards at home and the work-
ers on the field, not simply one of “live and let live,” but one
of real working together with willingness to sacrifice smaller
things for the great work of the Kingdom of God. Some of
the most notable chapters in the development of missionary
work have been written during the last few years in this co-
operative work in Latin America. Fourth, a new emphasis
on literature; before the Committee’s organization, while the
need of Christian literature was greatly felt, there was no way
of systematically developing it. This Committee has furnished
the organization, through which the missions have been able to
work for the development of this most needed arm for the
propagation of the Gospel. Fifth, the publication of an organ
that represents Christian opinion before the Spanish-speaking
world. The publishing of La Nurva DEMocracIA is in some
ways the greatest single achievement of the Committee. It
has long been recognized that such an organ was necessary for
reaching the educated classes of Latin America. No single
society could command the finances, or sufficient representa-
tion of all the forces, to publish such an organ. The Evan-
gelical work has been dignified throughout Latin America
because of this review.
224 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
The Committee has endeavored to serve in the United
States the summer student and missionary conferences, the
series of united missionary rallies held in various cities by the
foreign boards and the Federal Council conferences at Chau-
tauqua. On the field the following were especially important:
The South American Convention of Christian Endeavor, held
in Brazil; Conference of the Evangelical Church to celebrate
Brazilian independence, in Rio de Janeiro; national summer
conferences of Christian Workers, in Chile; national summer
conferences of Christian Workers, in Cuba; national conven-
tion of Sunday School and Young People’s Work, in Mexico;
national Sunday School Convention, in Argentina. The Edu-
cational Secretary has held conferences with the Regional
Committees of Cooperation in almost all of the South Amer-
ican countries.
The Educational Secretary of the Committee on Coopera-
tion in Latin America has headquarters in South America and
visits the whole continent. Huis reports show that he has had a
remarkable reception and opportunity in all these countries.
In Rio de Janeiro he preached in the American Union Church
before the Secretary of State Hughes and the American colony
during the Brazilian Centennial. He also attended the con-
ference of the Evangelical Church of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro
and represented the United Society of Christian Endeavor and
his own Committee at the South American Convention of
Christian Endeavor. He has assisted in the completion and
reorganization of the Methodist Girls’ School in Uruguay,
probably the finest girls’ boarding school on the Continent.
In Chile he met with the Committee on Cooperation and
visited a large number of the mission stations, holding union
meetings and conferences with the workers. He lectured in
the University of Chile and a large government school in
Valparaiso and was entertained by some of the leading citizens
of the country who were desirous of discussing spiritual ques-
tions. In Bolivia he reorganized the Committee on Coopera-
tion and addressed important gatherings of educators. In
Peru, Colombia and Venezuela he has made important contacts
with educators and missionaries. ,
Each year the work of Literature becomes a larger and more
important element in the general program of the Committee.
Each year the missionary world leans more heavily upon the
power of the printing press, realizing that the Christian mis-
sionary tradition of the spoken message represents only the
use of the best means at hand, and does not imply that the
Church must in this day depend entirely upon the spoken word.
The main objective of the Literature department of the Com-
COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA 225
mittee is the provision of more and better Spanish and Portu-
guese literature for the Christian constituency in Latin
America. Its distinct lines of activity are: (1) Making, sub-
sidizing and supervising translations; (2) securing their
publication; (3) Enlisting the interest of qualified indigenous
writers in the production of original works; (4) Subsidizing
the publication of books badly needed but ‘not commercially
profitable; (5) Publishing of La Nueva Democractra; (6)
Insuring the general circulation of good literature through
the Book Department of La Nueva Democracta; (7)
Publishing books such as the Spanish Commentary on the
International Sunday School Lessons; (8) Preparing material
for regular religious and secular press service in Latin Amer-
ica; (9) Preparing a monthly “Sermon Material Service” for
local pastors in Latin America; (10) General supervision of
the activities of cooperative bookstores in Mexico, Porto
Rico, Cuba, Santo Domingo and Chile.
This program requires the services of a staff aided by Dr.
Juan Orts-Gonzales, as Editor of Spanish Publication, to
which much of the Executive Secretary’s time and attention
is given. Principally occupied as Editor of La Nuerva
DeEmocraciA, he also corrects and revises the material for
the sermon outlines and the monthly religious and secular press
services. Dr. Orts is writing in Spanish a series of papers
covering the field of modern Christian apologetics, designed
to appeal particularly to the Latin mind.
La Nueva Democract4, the Spanish magazine which tries to
place before the educated classes of Latin America the ethical
and social aims of world Christianity, continues to grow in cir-
culation and in influence. , 00 CoCr ok. cca hd eibaae Rev. J. L. Updegraph
DISC ISR MO NUT Ist sc eke wee ee Le OR ete eee a eke Rev. A. E. Cory
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 245
Evangelical! Chureiinis. cos ol oy ley sida ela el ahe Bishop S. C. Breyfogel
MEVaTiseliCale Sy VUOU TCs tec tac | oe neice yeics vans Rev. A. H. Becker
BIEN US WEE oie as eka FAIR Aa ee cee Dr. Walter C. Woodward
Methodist) Episcopal ilk Gr sree OF Bishop Wilbur P. Thirkield
Methodist Episcopal, South............... Bishop John M. Moore
AATICA MUS. ilOneeetnae tei oe aes Dlatale bees cites 2 Rev. H. J. Callis
Colored Methodist Episcopal................ Bishop C. H. Phillips
Methodist rr rotestanteaiise. «cue Gb wlaaaela. wee Rev. T. H. Lewis
DAOF AVIA. conse csak seein Right Reverend Edward Rondthaler
Presbyterian in the Uo So Awe tias nde atene Rev. W. H. Black
Presbyterian "ih. tiGatiai ce ak. olbie vile etioine Rev. George Summey
Protestant EspisCopal sce verseaes Right Reverend Ethelbert Talbot
Reformed Moiscopad las «clus a srgire daisies stones Bishop R. L. Rudolph
Reformed Church in America. ..0 00... s ssmwvonns Rev. A. T. Broek
ReLOLINED CA NUECIlat ERG Gr ee Wk. oseeihe’s Rev. G. W. Richards
SOVERCU MU IAVEt MO CScrt ae ce stn cs ut. ¥ oik eletciate President B. C. Davis
Linited oreriren mn Gnrists, cs .b comes. baa Bishop W. M. Bell
UnitedsPresby tern ert Seas Pee Rev. D.. F. McGill
Membére-at2aree coed 0. URE RW. Mrs. John Ferguson
Mrs. H. R. Steele
Mrs. George W. Coleman
VOTED: That the act of incorporation as granted by the
Legislature of the State of New York be approved, adopted
and ratified.
The matter of organization under the new incorporation of
the Council was taken up, and a preliminary statement was
made by Mr. Alfred R. Kimball, after a report presented by
Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony, Chairman of a Committee on
By-Laws.
VOTED: That the Constitution which was approved by
the Constituent Bodies and formally adopted by the Federal
Council of the Churches of Christ in America, meeting in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 2-8, 1908, be hereby
adopted.
VOTED: That the following By-Laws, which include
amendments presented from the floor be adopted:
BY-LAWS
ARTICLE I. ENROLLMENT
The Recording Secretary and the Secretary, or Secretaries for
administrative service, or a Committee, to whom this duty may be
assigned by the Executive Committee, shall make up the roll of
the members in the Council from the certificates of the proper
officers of the bodies composing the Council, and no one not thus
certified shall be enrolled. The Council shall determine any ques-
tion arising as to the validity of the certificates.
ArtTIcLteE II. Quorum
A quorum consists of two or more delegates from each of a
majority of the bodies entitled to representation.
246 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
ArTICLE III. Ourtcers
Section 1. The officers of the Council are a President, one
Vice-President representing each of the bodies represented in the
Council, a Recording Secretary, a Treasurer and Secretaries for
administrative service, and such associates and assistants as the
Executive or Administrative Committee may appoint.
Section 2. The President, the Vice-Presidents, the Recording
Secretary and the Treasurer shall be elected at each regular meet-
ing. The Secretaries for administrative service shall be elected by
the Executive Committee, or the Administrative Committee, subject
to approval of the Executive Committee. Vacancies may be filled
by the Administrative Committee until the next mecting of the
Executive Committee.
Section 3. Presidents and Vice-Presidents are not eligible for
immediate re-election.
Section 4. (a) The President shall preside at meetings of the
Council. In case of his absence, or disability, one of the Vice-
Presidents, to be designated by the Council, shall serve.
(b) The President shall appoint the members of committees and
of commissions, unless it is otherwise ordered, after consultation
with denominational authorities.
Section 5. The Treasurer, the Secretaries and such officers as
the Executive Committee may appoint shall be subject to the
direction of the Executive Committee.
Section 6. The Treasurer shall give such security for the faith-
ful performance of his duties as the Executive Committee may
direct.
The Executive Committee, either directly or through the Ad-
ministrative Committee, shall have power to appoint such other
fiscal officers as it may deem advisable and to designate their
respective relations and duties and the bond which they shall give.
Section 7. Each officer holds office from the time of his elec-
tion until the next regular meeting, and until his successor is
elected, except that the Treasurer holds office until the close of
the fiscal year.
Section 8. Officers elected by the Council are during their term of
office ex-officio members of the Council.
ARTICLE 1V. ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE
Section 1. An Administrative Committee shall be constituted
by the Council through the Executive Committee as follows:
(a) Of one delegate of each of the bodies composing the Coun- ,
cil, nominated by the proper authorities of the bodies represented.
(b) Of one representative of each agency of organized Chris-
tianity which by action of the Executive Committee may become
enrolled as in affiliation, cooperation, or consultative relations
with the Council.
(c) Of the Chairmen of Commissions.
(d) Of members at large, not more than fifteen in number, who
are themselves members of the bodies composing the Council.
Section 2. The functions and powers of the Administrative
Committee are:
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 247
(a) To carry out the policies of the Council and of the Executive
Committee.
(b) To maintain close relations between the Council and the
bodies which comprise it and the other interdenominational agen-
cies representing the Churches and their Boards.
(c) To represent the Council between its meetings both by
utterance and by action in harmony with the purposes of the
Council and of its cooperating organizations.
(d) To supervise and direct the activities of Secretaries, Com-
mittees, Commissions and other agencies of the Council.
(e) To represent, in harmony with the policies of the Council,
the common mind of the Churches comprising the Council in
friendly relations with the Churches of other lands.
(f) To report in writing its doings to the meetings of the Coun-
cil and of the Executive Committee for review, with recommenda-
tions relating to further procedure and policy.
Section 3. The Administrative Committee shall meet on the sec-
ond Friday of each month, unless otherwise voted, with provision
for special meetings.
ARTICLE V. COMMITTEES
The Council may appoint Committees on Enrollment, on Law,
on Business, on Nominations, on Resolutions, and on such other
matters as it may from time to time determine.
ArTICLE VI. CoMMISSIONS
Section 1. The Council, or the Executive Committee, may
establish Commissions and Standing Committees to further the
general purposes of the Council within specified fields of activity.
Section 2. The Commissions and Standing Committees shall be
subject to the Administrative Committee and shall report to it and
through it to the Executive Committee and to the Council.
ArTICLE VII. MEETINGS
Section 1. Regular meetings of the Council shall be held quad-
rennially on the first Wednesday in December, unless otherwise
voted by the Council, Executive Committee or Administrative
Committee, at such place and hour as may be determined by the
Administrative Committee.
Section 2. Special meetings may be called by the Administrative
Committee to consider only such matters as may be specified in
the notice of the meetings.
Section 3. A postpaid notice mailed to a delegate and addressed
to his last known place of residence shall constitute a notice of
the meeting.
ArTIcLE VIII. AMENDMENTS
These By-Laws may be amended at a regular meeting of the
Council by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting,
provided (1) notice of the proposed amendment shall have been
given at a preceding meeting of the Council, or (2) such amend-
ment shall have been recommended by the Executive Committee
or by the Administrative Committee.
Dean W. F. Tillett was called upon to lead in prayer.
VOTED: That the following be appointed a Nominating
Committee: Rev. Frank Mason North, Rev. John A. Marquis,
248 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Rev. C. E. Burton, Rev. Charles L. White, Rev. Finis S.
Idleman.
Dr. Anthony reported the action taken by the unincorporated
body at its meeting on December 3, 1924, as follows:
“WHEREAS, The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ
in America, projected in 1905, organized in 1908 under a constitu-
tion and by-laws and a plan of federation which has been ap-
proved by the Christian bodies composing it, has secured an Act
of Incorporation by the Senate and Assembly of the State of
New York, known as Chapter 131 of the Laws of 1924, approved
April 12, 1924; :
“AND WHEREAS, This Act of Incorporation confirms powers
previously enjoyed, permits the holding of meetings in any place
in the United States, and confers ‘powers conferred on corpora-
tions by the General Corporation Law and the Membership Cor-
poration Law’ of the State of New York;
“NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, That the Federal
Council of the Churches of Christ in America hereby authorizes
and directs its officers of every name and capacity to transfer and
deliver to the officers of like name and capacity of the Federal
Council of the Churches of Christ in America, incorporated under
the laws of New York, all the books, accounts, and other assets
of every sort and description, and hereby transfers its powers,
functions and activities to the said corporation.”
VOTED: To accept and record the above, and that the
officers of every name and capacity be and hereby are author-
ized and directed to accept the administration of all the books,
accounts and other assets of every sort and description
which may be turned over to them, care for and administer
them in harmony with the principles, acts and intentions hith-
erto in operation, as the continuing Federal Council of the
Churches of Christ in America.
The report of the General Secretaries was presented by Dr.
Macfarland.
Bishop McDowell reported for the Washington Committee.
VOTED: That these two reports be referred to the Busi-
ness Committee.
Rev. Frank Mason North was called to the Chair and intro-
duced Dr. Robert E. Speer, the retiring President of the
Council, who gave a review of the cooperation of the churches
during the past quadrennium.
Rev. Frank Mason North, the Chairman of the Nominating
Committee, presented a report as follows:
For Recording Secretary...... Rev. Rivincton D. Lorp of Brooklyn
Dr. Lord was unanimously elected.
Bor TPeasurer. ied se seis CeO Mr. Frank H. Mann of New York
Mr. Mann was unanimously elected.
For Fressent. -. san vente Rev. S. Parkes CapMAN, Pastor of the
Central Congregational Church of Brooklyn
Dr. Cadman was unanimously elected.
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 249
Dr. Speer, as president pro tem, appointed Bishop Talbot
and Dr. North to escort Dr. Cadman to the platform. Upon
his arrival President Speer welcomed Dr. Cadman as Presi-
dent on behalf of the Council and presented him with the
gavel which had been presented to the Council yesterday.
VOTED: That the Federal Council extend a rising vote of
thanks to Dr. Speer for his splendid services as President
during the past quadrennium.
VOTED: That the Federal Council extend a rising vote
of thanks to Mr. Alfred R. Kimball for his efficient services
as Treasurer from the beginning of the Council.
VOTED: That the sessions of the Council be at 9:30 A.M.
on the following days: Friday, December 5; Saturday, De-
cember 6; Monday, December 8, and Tuesday, December 9;
at 2:30 P.M. on Thursday, Friday and Monday; at 8 P.M. on
Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Monday; at 3:30 P.M. on
Sunday.
The hymn, “In the Cross of Christ I Glory,’ was sung,
after which an address on “Faith in God” was delivered by
Bishop Edwin D. Mouzon of Nashville, Tennessee.
VOTED: To adjourn.
Thursday Afternoon, December 4
The meeting was called to order at 2:30 o’clock by the
President of the Council, Rev. S. Parkes Cadman.
The hymn, “The Church’s One Foundation,” was sung, after
which Rev. Charles L. Goodell offered prayer.
President Cadman appointed the following Committees :
Commitice on Message:
Rev. CHARLES E. Burton, Chatrman;
Rev. J. Ross StEvENSON
BisHor W. J. WALLS,
Mrs. LuKE JOHNSON,
Rev. Howarp B. Grosz
BrsHop W. M. BELL.
Committee on Closing Resolutions:
Rev. A. J. C. Bonn, Chairman;
Rev. J. F. Burnett,
BisHop R. A. CARTER,
BrisHop R. L. Ruporpu,
W. H. Start.
Committee on Credentials:
Hon. Cart E. Mitxixen, Chairman;
Rev. W. R. Funx
Rev. C. P. Core.
250 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Committee on Necrology:
Rev. A. G. Lawson, Chairman;
Rev. W. W. STALEY,
Ro.re Cos.EicH,
D. B, CoLTRANE.
President Cadman introduced Bishop Warren A. Candler
of Atlanta, who spoke on “Great Revivals of Religion That
Have Helped to Make the United States.”
Rey. J. Ross Stevenson, Chairman of the Commission on
Evangelism and Life Service, was introduced and presented
the report (as found on pages 105 to 110 of this volume). He
presented Rev. Charles L. Goodell, the Secretary of the Com-
mission, who spoke of the work that has been accomplished
and has been projected.
Rey. Charles E. Burton opened the discussion on “How Can
the Federal Council Contribute Most to the Churches’ Evan-
gelistic Work?”
He was followed by Rev. Arthur H. Armstrong of St. Louis,
Rev. C. H. Winders of Indianapolis, Rev. Plato Durham of
Atlanta, Mr. M. L. Thrower of Atlanta and Rev. Frank P.
Parkin of Philadelphia.
VOTED: To refer this report to the Business Committee.
In the absence of Rev. F. Ernest Johnson, secretary of the
Department of Research and Education, Rev. Samuel McCrea
Cavert presented the report of the Department (as found on
pages 163 to 169 of this volume) which was referred to the
Business Committee.
The President introduced Professor William Adams Brown,
who spoke on “How Can the Federal Council Best Serve the
Churches in Research and Educational Work?’ The discus-
sion was continued by Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthony and Rev.
George Irving of the International Committee of the Y. M.
C. A., New York.
Rev. R. E. Magill presented a statement from the Interna-
tional Council of Religious Education. Rev. Stonewall Ander-
son presented a statement from the Council of Church Boards
of Education. Rev. Frank P. Parkin presented a statement in
behalf of the American Bible Society.
VOTED: To refer these statements to the Business Com-
mittee.
The Recording Secretary, Dr. Lord, read the following
telegram from the newly elected Treasurer, Mr. Frank H.
Mann:
“Deeply appreciate action of Federal Council in electing me Treas-
urer. Happy to accept. FRANK H. Mann.”
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 2a
He also read the following telegram from the National
Kindergarten Association:
“Accept from the National Kindergarten Association cordial
greetings and best wishes for the success of your efforts for world
peace. The Association thanks your members for their help in
promoting training in love of God and man through the kinder-
gartens they have maintained. Our country is now training but
a small proportion of its children at the habit forming time of life.
We bespeak your further help in extending the advantages of the
kindergarten to the nation’s little ones.”
“BraDLEY MARTIN, President.”
VOTED: That the General Secretary make proper re-
sponse to this communication.
Bishop Talbot called the attention of the Council to the
death of the wife of the Right Rev. F. Reese of Georgia.
VOTED: To instruct the General Secretaries to send a
suitable message of sympathy to Bishop Reese.
VOTED: That messages of sympathy and fellowship be
sent by the President of the Council to Bishop E. R. Hendrix,
Rev. E. O. Watson and Rev. F. Ernest Johnson, who are kept
away on account of illness.
VOTED: To adjourn.
The benediction was pronounced by Rev. R. H. Potter.
Thursday Evening, December 4, at 8:00
The President presiding.
Devotional exercises were conducted by Rev. John A.
Marquis.
A selection was given by the quartette of the West End
Presbyterian Church.
Address by Dr. Cadman.
Address by Bishop Francis John McConnell on “The So-
cial Task of the Church in America.”
Anthem by the quartette.
Address by Rev. Worth M. Tippy, on “A Seven- Day Pro-
gram for the Local Church.”
Friday Morning, December 5, at 9:30
The meeting was called to order at 9:30 o’clock by the
President of the Council, Rev. S. Parkes Cadman.
The congregation joined in singing “O, Worship the King.”
The devotional service was led by Rev. Thomas H. Lewis
of Washington.
The Fisk Jubilee singers rendered three selections.
A partial report of the Business Committee, presented by
its Secretary, Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthony, was considered
item by item:
252 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS
The Committee on Business received matters referred to it and
makes the following recommendations:
1. That the Constitution, so designated hitherto, be now termed,
at least in print, the Plan of Federation, inasmuch as that is the
correct designation adopted in 1908 and approved then and after-
ward by the Constituent Bodies.
2. That a committee be appointed to consider the plan and struc-
ture of the Council, to report to the next meeting of the Council,
with amendments, if they are desirable, in phrasing or in method,
either in the Plan of Federation or in the By-Laws.
3. That the reports of the Executive Committee and of the Ad-
ministrative Committee and of the General Secretaries on the ser-
vice of the Council during the past Quadrennium be approved.
4. That the report of the Washington Committee be approved
and that we recognize that the constant strengthening and en-
largement of the type of work conducted by the Washington
office is most strategic in fulfilling a peculiar function of the
Federal Council.
5. That the report of the Commission on Evangelism and Life
Service be approved, and that the following statements be made
the sentiments and convictions of the Council:
(a) The Council is gratified by the report of the effective
work of the Commission on Evangelism during the past Quad-
rennium, and notes with satisfaction that the Evangelistic Spirit
pervades all the departments of the Council’s work.
(b) The Council approves of the plan of personal Evangelism
conducted by local pastors who are assisted by capable men and
women of the congregations, and furthermore the Council urges
every member of the Church of Christ, according to his per-
sonal gifts and opportunities, to share the responsibility and the
privilege of bringing others unto Jesus.
(c) The Ceuncil favors the continuance of interdenominational
visitation by the Commission in cities throughout the country
to assist the churches in presenting methods and in providing
inspiration for united simultaneous efforts for bringing men to
Christ.
(d) The Council urges the Commission to continue Evangel-
istic work in the colleges and universities of America, emphasiz-
ing before the students also the call for life service in the
Kingdom of God.
(e).The Council is in full accord with the proposal that a
comprehensive Conference on Evangelism be held, and refers
the call, constitution and conduct of such a conference to the
Commission.
(f) While the Council gives its approval to a thorough organi-
zation of the various agencies of the church for Evangelistic
work, it recognizes, also, that the spirit of God works when
and where and how He pleases and may accomplish the pur-
poses of the Kingdom in ways exceeding our plans and organi-
zations, and this Council rejoices in movements for winning
men to Christ which are motived and directed by His Spirit.
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 253
6. That the set-up and conduct of the Department of Research
and Education be approved, and that the Department be advised
to place on its publications the words “For Information,” so that
all who use the material may recognize it as a source of informa-
tion upon which judgments may be based and not as pronounce-
ments of the Council or of the Department.
7. That the statements of the International Council of Religious
Education, the Council of Church Boards of Education and the
American Bible Society be accepted with reciprocal and cordial
goodwill and esteem.
8. That the resolution concerning the observance in 1925 of the
four-hundredth anniversary of the first printing of the New
Testament in English, by William Tyndale, be referred to the
Administrative Committee with authority to arrange and pro-
mote the most appropriate observance.
VOTED: To adopt the report as presented.
Rev. Warren H. Wilson, Board of National Missions of
the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., addressed the Coun-
cil on the subject: “The Challenge of the Rural Community
to the Church.”
Rev. Melville B. Gurley of Berry School, Rome, Georgia,
was presented to the Council and spoke briefly concerning the
work of that School.
The report of the Commission on Councils of Churches was
presented by its Executive Secretary, Rev. Roy B. Guild. Af-
ter discussion by Rev. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit, Rev. Ar-
thur H. Armstrong of St. Louis, Rev. Orlo J. Price of
Rochester and Mr. M. M. Davies of Atlanta, the report was
referred to the Business Committee.
The Council directed the General Secretary to send a mes-
sage of sympathy to Rev. Morton C. Pearson of Detroit who
was to have addressed the Council, but was not able to be
present on account of a serious accident to his wife.
Professor C. B. Wilmer, University of the South, Sewan-
nee, Tennessee, addressed the Council on the subject, ‘““The
Spiritual Significance of Church Cooperation.”
The Congregation sang “Blest Be the Tie That Binds,”
and the Fisk singers favored the delegates with three selec-
tions.
Mr. David G. Latshaw made a statement on behalf of the
International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. Mrs. Archibald
Davis of Atlanta brought greetings from the National Board
ofsthe pY.sW, C.:A.
A telegram was received from Willis D. Mathias, contain-
ing the greetings from 125 delegates representing twenty theo-
logical seminaries in conference at Dayton, Ohio.
254 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
VOTED: That the General Secretary make a suitable re-
ply.
A telegram was received from Rev. E. O. Watson in reply
to a message sent him earlier in the sessions.
The congregation joined in singing, “Immortal Love Forever
Full.”
Bishop A. R. Clippinger of the Church of the United
Brethren, Dayton, Ohio, addressed the Council on the sub-
ject, ‘Loyalty to Christ.”
VOTED: To adjourn. |
The benediction was pronounced by Bishop Clippinger.
Friday Afternoon, December 5, at 2:30
In the absence of the President, ex-President Robert E.
Speer presided. The session was opened by singing “Majes-
tic Sweetness Sits Enthroned,” and prayer was offered by
Rev. W. Stuart Cramer.
The report of the Commission on the Church and Social
Service was presented. After discussion by Mrs. W. A. Newell
of Winston-Salem, N. C., Rev. Hastings H. Hart of New York
and Secretary Worth M. Tippy, the report was referred to the
Business Committee.
The report of the Commission on Temperance was pre-
sented by Bishop James Cannon, Jr., and was referred to the
Business Committee.
Rev. C. E. Vermilya made a statement in behalf of the Home
Missions Council. The Council of Women for Home Mis-
sions was represented by Mrs. John Ferguson, the President,
who brought the greetings of that organization.
A telegram was read from the National Council of Young
Men’s Christian Associations in session at Buffalo, in response
to a telegram sent to that meeting earlier in the session.
Rev. John A. Marquis presented a resolution calling for the
appointment of a committee to consider, in conference with
the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for
Home Missions, their closer cooperation with the Federal
Council, or consolidation with it. This was referred to the
Business Committee.
The Fisk Jubilee singers favored the audience with two se-
lections. Dean W. F. Tillett of Vanderbilt University paid a
tribute to the Jubilee singers.
The report of the Commission on the Church and Race Re-
lations was presented by Dr. George E. Haynes, Executive
Secretary. Discussion followed by Rev. Will W. Alexander,
Right Rev. Frederick F. Reese, Bishop George C. Clement
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 255
and Bishop C. H. Phillips. The report was referred to the
Business Committee.
Resolutions concerning a “campaign of applied brotherhood
in race relations” were presented by Professor Plato T. Dur-
ham and were referred to the Business Committee.
An interpretation of the proposed National Conference on
the Christian Way of Life was given by Rev. John M. Moore
of Brooklyn.
Two documents presented by the Commission on Interna-
tional Justice and Goodwill were referred to the Committee
on Message.
The Jubilee singers sang a closing selection.
VOTED: To adjourn.
Prayer was offered and benediction pronounced by Dr.
Gowen.
Friday Evening, December 5, at 8:00
Rev. Frank Mason North presided.
Prayer was offered by Rev. W. W. Scudder.
Selections were sung by the quartette of North Avenue Pres-
byterian Church.
A testimonial volume from Children of Japan, in recogni-
tion of the assistance given by the American Churches to
Japan at the time of the earthquake, was presented by Rev.
K. Tsunashima of Tokyo.
A statement concerning the Foreign Missions Conference
was made by Mr. F. P. Turner.
An address was given by Dr. A. K. Reischauer on “A Criti-
cal Hour in the Christian Movement in Japan.”
A letter from Hon. Cyrus H. Woods, recently Ambassador
to Japan, urging the importance of securing a change in the
Japanese exclusion act, was read by Dr. Speer (pages 47 to 50
of this volume). |
An address was given by Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer of Cairo,
Egypt, on “A United Front Over Against a New Moslem
World.”
The benediction was given by Rev. Frank Mason North.
Saturday Morning, December 6, at 9:30
The session was called to order by President Cadman.
The hymn, “O God Our Help in Ages Past,” was sung,
after which Bishop Rondthaler of Winston-Salem, North Caro-
lina, conducted the devotional services.
President Cadman introduced Hon. Carl E. Milliken, Presi-
256 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
dent of the Northern Baptist Convention, who opened the
symposium on “What Do the Churches Desire the Federal
Council to Be and to Do During the Quadrennium.” |
Others participating in the symposium were Rev. Thorn-
ton Whaling, Moderator of the Presbyterian Church in
the United States, Louisville, Kentucky; Mrs. John Ferguson,
President of the Council of Women for Home Missions, New
York; Bishop A. L. Gaines of the African Methodist Epis-
copal Church, Baltimore; Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, Moderator
of the National Council of Congregational Churches, Hartford,
Connecticut. | | 7
The Committee on Policy presented its report through its
Chairman, Dr. Robert E. Speer.
Pending the motion to adopt the report, discussion was en-
gaged in and amendments were offered by Mrs. John Fer-
guson, to Article VIII and by Rev. George W. Richards to
Article II.
VOTED: That a rising vote be taken by the Council ap-
proving the entire report as amended (See pages 59 to 70 of
this volume).
The vote was taken and the report was referred to the
Business Committee to report any actions that may be neces-
sary to make the recommendations effective.
Mr. Niebuhr offered a resolution which was referred to
the Business Committee, suggesting that at future meetings
more time be allotted for discussion of concrete policies af-
fecting the Council’s work.
Rev. Frank Mason North offered the following resolution,
as a supplement to the report of the Committee on Policy:
“We recommend that an earnest effort be made by our Execu-
tive Officers and our Committees to bring into practical sympa-
thetic relations with the policy and procedure of the Council the
several groups of Denominational delegates in the membership of
the Council, urging each of these to effect a suitable organization
within itself, and using each, so far as possible, as the unit of
Denominational expression in statement and action where such
are required in the coordination of the Denominations in the
common utterances and activities of the Federal Council.
VOTED: To adopt this resolution.
Dr. C. C. Morrison presented the following resolution on
army and navy chaplains, which was referred to the Business
Committee:
WHEREAS, the conviction is growing among followers of
Christ of all the churches that war is the chief collective sin of
human society, and
WHEREAS, any involvement of organized religion in the sys-
tem of making war and preparing for it contributes substantially
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 257
to the strengthening of the war system and therefore to the in-
crease of the menace of war, and
WHEREAS, such involvement of the churches with war is an
inherent contradiction of the church’s essential genius and pur-
pose, which is to abolish all war and strife among men and to
create world wide brotherhood in the spirit of our Lord Jesus
Christ, and
WHEREAS, the institution of the chaplaincy implicates the
church officially in the war system, and
WHEREAS, the chaplaincy easily lends itself to the purpose
of the military system as an agency for militarizing the mind of
the church and of society in general, and
WHEREAS, the laudable Christian purpose of the churches to
provide spiritual guidance and gospel service to the soldiers of
our army and the sailors of our navy can be better realized by
ministers of Christ in their capacity as ministers of Christ, with-
out military rank or other involvement in the military system,
now therefore be it
RESOLVED, that the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ
in America instruct its Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains to
discontinue its activity and responsibility in the appointment of
chaplains in the Officers’ Reserve Corps, and be it further
RESOLVED, that the Committee on Army and Navy Chap-
lains, by conference with the proper government, military and
naval authorities, be instructed to study the question otf taking
such steps as may be necessary and effective to place the service
of ministers of religion to the men of both army and navy upon
a non-military basis, and be it further
RESOLVED, that said committee report its findings and rec-
ommendations to the next meeting of the Executive Committee
at its annual meeting one year hence.
Rev. J. Ross Stevenson presented the following resolution
pertaining to the Business Men’s Evangelistic Clubs:
RESOLVED, that the Federal Council commends in principle
the Business Men’s Evangelistic Clubs of America and requests
the Commission on Evangelism to formulate such plans as may
seem wise, looking to. effective cooperation and good under-
standing.
VOTED: To refer the resolution to the Business Com-
mittee. |
The hymn, “Jesus, Lover of. My Soul,” was sung after
which President Cadman introduced Rev. E. Y. Mullins, presi-
dent of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville,
Kentucky, who spoke on “Spiritual Sovereignty Through
Prayer.”
VOTED: To adjourn.
258 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Sunday Afternoon, December 7, at 3:30
Public meeting. The President, Dr. Cadman, presided.
An address on “Christ the One Hope of the World,” was
given by Dr. Robert E. Speer.
An organ recital and special musical program were offered
under the direction of Charles A. Sheldon, Jr.
The closing prayer was made by Rev. Rockwell H. Potter.
Monday Morning, December 8, at 9:30
The session was called to order by President Cadman.
The hymn, “Come Thou Almighty King,” was sung, after
which a devotional service was led by President Boothe C.
Davis of Alfred University, New York.
The Business Committee continued its report as follows:
9. That, concerning the reports of the Executive Committee and
the Administrative Committee, the following comments are ap-
propriate:
(a) The universal call to Evangelism is exalted throughout
these reports.
(b) It is evident that in these committees, as agencies of the
Council, an effective and constantly available vehicle of coopera-
tion has been furnished.
(c) That these reports be approved.
10. That the proposition to make ex-presidents honorary presi-
dents, or ex-officio members of the Executive Committee or the
Administrative Committee, be referred to the Committee on Plan
of Federation and By-Laws to report to the next meeting of the
Council, and that in the meantime ex-presidents be invited to sit
as consultative members of the Executive Committee and the
Administrative Committee.
11. That the Council authorize its officers, committees and com-
missions to cooperate in every possible way with the American
Section of the Committee on Arrangements of the Universal
Christian Conference on Life and Work.
12. That the Council approve the consultative relationship of
the United Lutheran Church in America with the Council as a
temporary expedient and hope that this great Church may soon
come into full membership.
13. That the Council would urge upon the proper officials of the
United States Government, through its Washington office and
other appropriate agencies, the obligation of cleansing the Canal
Zone Mi far as possible of the agencies of vice and influences
to evil.
14. That the Council approve the efforts to build in Balboa and
Cristobal suitable Church edifices for these branches of the Amer-
ican Protestant Church in the Canal Zone and urge the privilege
and duty upon American Christians of speedily providing the
$20,000 needed to complete the sum of $70,000 recently sought.
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 259
15. That the Council approve the action of the Executive Com-
mittee in setting up a standing committee to be known as the
Committee on Financial and Fiduciary Matters with functions as
set forth in the minutes of the Executive Committee of December
12-14, 1923.
16. That the Council approve the friendly cooperation of Ameri-
can and Chinese representatives in seeking the suppression of the
opium traffic at the Geneva Conference and urge the Secretary
of State to employ the influence of his great office in promoting
major action in this matter of wide public concern.
17, That the Council approve the report of the Treasurer, Al-
fred R. Kimball, with high appreciation of his long and faithful
service.
18. That the Church constituencies be urged to furnish a much
more generous response to the support of the Council in finances
and cooperation, requesting larger contributions and full payment
of all pledges.
19. That the Council approve the budget proposed by the Board
of Finance for Operating the Central Office, the Commissions and
the Committees during the coming Quadrennium.
20. That the Council approve the principle of making retirement
grants to those who have given suitable terms of service to the
Council and refer to the Board of Finance details of policy and
plan.
21. That the Council earnestly request those who are responsible
for the character of moving pictures to refuse the release or use
of pictures that reflect on the cardinal virtues, cast innuendoes on
morals or religion, or in any way weaken the approved restraints
of conscience and personal character, and refer to the Commis-
sion on the Church and Social Service, or such other agencies as
the Administrative Committee may determine, measures for mak-
ing this request effective.
22. That the Council approve the appointment of a Board of
Finance as a standing committee of the Council, which shall re-
port to the Executive and Administrative Committees.
23. That the Council approve the formation of the Central
Bureau for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe and the
development of Federated Movements in Europe, with hearty
satisfaction at the growing cooperation among Protestants of
Europe. It is particularly gratifying to note the erection of a
building for the Federation of Churches in France, which has
been completed by specified gifts of American Christians amount-
ing to about $100,000.
24. That the Council express its gratification at the cordial co-
operation of a large number of Huguenot societies with the Com-
mission of the Council in the Tercentenary celebration of the
coming of the Huguenot-Walloons to America.
25. That the Council authorize the creation of a Committee on
Survey of Cooperation in the Fields of (a) Home Missions, (b)
Foreign Missions, (c) Education, and (d) Charity, Philanthropy
and Allied Activities.
26. That the Council receive and approve the report of the Com-
mission on the Church and Social Service.
260 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
27. That the Council receive and approve the report of the
Commission on Race Relations, and the statement respecting the
campaign of applied Brotherhood in Race Relations (See pages 82
to 83 of this volume).
28. That the Council appoint a Committee of Five to confer with
similar Committees from the Home Missions Council and the
Council of Women for Home Missions, if these Councils will join
in appointing such Committees, to consider closer cooperation and
possible consolidation of these Councils with the Federal Council.
29. That the Council commend in principle the Business Men’s
Evangelistic Clubs of America and request the Commission on
Evangelism and Life Service to formulate such plans as may
secure effective cooperation and good understanding.
30. That the Administrative Committee be asked so to organize
the annual and quadrennial meetings of the Council and of the
Executive Committee that the problems and issues presented by
the various Commissions and Committees may be adequately dis-
cussed on the Council floor, and the Council hereby authorizes the
appointment of the necessary Committees to make such a plan
effective.
31. That the Administrative Committee be authorized to take
steps for conference with the Churches of Canada as recommended
by the Committee on Policy.
32. That the number and names of the Commissions of the
Council as recommended by the Committee on Policy be approved
and that the Executive Committee, or the Administrative Commit-
tee, be authorized to make adjustments in terminology or functions
as are suggested in that report.
33. That the Council approve the report of the Commission on
Councils of Churches and recommend that this Commission in sub-
sequent reports list with the Federations in States reported, those
also in other States which bear the name of Councils or Home
Mission Councils, or other similar designations, since these are all
essentially State Federations.
34. That the report of the Commission on Temperance be re-
ceived and approved.
35. That the statements of the International Committee of the
Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America and the
National Board of the Young Women’s Christian Associations be
received with cordial good will and approval.
36. That the statements of the Home Missions Council and the
Council of Women for Home Missions be received with cordial
goodwill and approval.
37. That the resolutions on Chaplains in the Army and Navy
and all subjects related thereto be referred to a special committee
of twelve to make investigation and report to the next meeting
of the Executive Committee.
President Cadman appointed the following:
Bishop William F. McDowell Rev. Frederick Lynch
Bishop William M. Bell Rev. W. H. P. Faunce
Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent Rev. J. Ross Stevenson
Bishop James Cannon, Jr. Rev. John A. Marquis
Rev. W. S. Cramer Rev. Frederick H. Knubel
Rev. C. E. Burton Rev. Peter Ainslie
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 261
The report was considered seriatim, and each item was
adopted by the Council.
Dr. Tippy presented a resolution on Near East Relief and
also a proposed social creed, both of which were referred to
the Business Committee.
Rev. Rufus W. Miller presented a resolution on regional
conferences which was referred to the Business Committee.
Rev. Sidney L. Gulick reported for the Commission on In-
ternational Justice and Goodwill.
President Cadman introduced Hon. William Jennings Bryan,
who spoke on “The Church and World Peace.”
Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, in order to meet engagements in
New York, asked to be excused from further attendance. A
rising vote of appreciation was extended to President Cad-
man for his services as presiding officer.
Hon. Carl E. Milliken, one of the Vice-Presidents of the
Council, was called to the Chair and presided over the further
deliberations of the meeting.
Professor James T. Shotwell of Columbia University spoke
on “How to Outlaw War.”
Rev. C. E. Burton, the Chairman of the Committee on Mes-
sage, presented a partial report, dealing with the platform of
the Council on international questions. After discussion this
section of the report was adopted (see pages 76 to 81 of this
volume).
The presiding officer introduced Rabbi Marcusson, repre-
senting the Central Conference of American Rabbis, who
spoke briefly and brought the greetings of his body to the
Council.
Rev. Henry A. Atkinson gave an interpretation of the Uni-
versal Christian Conference on Life and Work to be held in
Stockholm, Sweden, during August, 1925.
The presiding officer announced that owing to illness in his
family President William A. Harper of Elon College, North
Carolina, could not be present to deliver the address on “Per-
sonal Religion and Public Righteousness.”
VOTED: That a telegram of sympathy be sent to Presi-
dent Harper.
In his absence Rev. Carter Helm Jones of the Second Bap-
tist Church of Atlanta offered the closing prayer and pro-
nounced the benediction.
Monday Afternoon, December 8, at 2:30
In the absence of the President of the Council Rev. George
Summey of New Orleans, Vice-President from the Presby-
terian Church in the U. S., called the meeting to order at
262 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
2:30 o’clock and presided during the afternoon session. Fol-
lowing the singing of the hymn, “He Leadeth Me,” Rev. J.
Rauch. Stein Jed in prayer.
The Business Committee presented a further report which
was considered item by item.
38. That the Council refer the question of holding Regional
Conferences for the purpose of informing and interesting the lay-
men and women of our churches in the aims and work of the
Council to the Administrative Committee with authority to ar-
range such conferences if deemed advisable.
39. That the Council refer the question of religious services on
board passenger ships to the Commission on Evangelism for action
if deemed wise.
40. That the Council rejoices in the providence that enables
America to do a worthy work of relief and reconstruction in the
Bible lands. Saving and training the orphans for self-support,
under the agency of Near East Relief, is a notable Christian
service and it has also been instrumental in opening new mis-
sionary opportunity, in developing new cooperation between Fast-
ern and Western Christianity and in assisting interdenominational
cooperation in this country. We are convinced that it will prob-
ably be necessary for the work to proceed through the coming
Quadrennium on approximately the plans of the Executive Com-
mittee of Near Fast Relief, and we therefore approve continued
support by the churches in its provisional plans.
That the Council heartily endorse the idea of international
Golden Rule Observance in behalf of Near East Relief, not only
because of the beneficial results to Near East wards of America,
but also because of its larger results in interpreting and developing
international goodwill and world peace, and that it urge the
AN ig to join in the international observance of the Golden
ule.
That the Council refer to the Committee on Mercy and Relief
and to the Committee on Relations with the Eastern Churches
the future relationships of Near East Relief with the Council.
41. That the proposed revision of “The Social Creed of the
Churches” and the statement of “The Social Ideals for the Rural
Church” be referred to the Commission on the Church and Social
Service.
42. That the report of the Commission on International Justice
and Goodwill be received and approved.
43. That the set-up and plans of the Committee on Goodwill
between Jews and Christians, a sub-committee of the Commission
on International Justice and Goodwill, be approved.
VOTED: To adopt the report.
The report of the Commission on Relations with Religious
Bodies in Europe was presented by Bishop James Cannon,
Jr. An address, “The Present Crisis in European Protestant-
ism,” was delivered by Rev. Adolf Keller of Zurich, Secretary
of the Central Bureau for the Relief of Evangelical Churches
of Europe. The report was discussed by Rev. Charles E.
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 263
Schaeffer, Secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the
Reformed Church in the United States, Philadelphia, and Rev.
Chauncey W. Goodrich, American representative of the Cen-
tral Bureau of Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe.
The report was referred to the Business Committee.
The report of the Committee on Relations with the East-
ern Churches was presented by Secretary Cavert and referred
to the Business Committee.
An address on the subject, “How Can Cooperation and Fel-
lowship with the Eastern Churches Be Increased?’ was de-
livered by Rev. James I. Vance, Nashville, Tennessee.
His Grace Panteleimon, Archbishop of the Eastern Ortho-
dox Church of Jerusalem, was presented to the Council and
brought a message in French which was translated by Rev.
Chauncey W. Goodrich.
Communications were presented to the Council by the
Recording Secretary as follows:
Methodist Students’ Conference, Kalamazoo, Michigan
Dr. Stephen P. Duggan, of the Institute of International Edu-
cation
Hlon. George W. Wickersham, of New York
Edward A. Filene, of Boston
John H. Finley, of New York
Mary E. Woolley, President of Mount Holyoke College
Mrs. Helen B. Montgomery, of Rochester, N. Y.
Baron de Cartier, Belgian Ambassador
Hon. William Jennings Bryan made the closing prayer.
VOTED: To adjourn.
Monday Evening, December 8, at 8:00
Vice-President Carl E. Milliken presiding.
Singing, “America.”
Prayer was offered by Rev. W. W. Staley.
An anthem was rendered by the choir of the First Presby-
terian Church.
An address was given by Governor William E. Sweet of
Colorado on “Christianizing Our International Relations.”
An anthem was rendered by the choir of the First Pres-
byterian Church.
An address was given by Justice Florence E. Allen, of the
Supreme Court of Ohio.
The hymn, “Blest Be the Tie That Binds,” was sung.
The closing prayer was made by Rey. Albert G. Lawson.
264 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Tuesday Morning, December 9, at 9:30
Rev. George Summey, Vice-President, presiding.
Rev. E. J. Sonne conducted the devotions. The audience
joined in singing the hymn, “Ye Servants of God,” and Chap-
lain John T. Axton led in prayer.
In the absence of Bishop William F. McDowell, Secretary
Charles S. Macfarland presented the report of the General
Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains.
The Chairman of the meeting presented to the Council,
Chaplain John T. Axton of the Army and Chaplain Evan W.
Scott of the Navy, who made brief remarks.
The following Chaplains were then introduced to the Coun-
cil: Henry N. Blanchard, 6th U. S. Cavalry, Fort Ogle-
thorpe, Georgia; Frank B. Bonner, 5th Field Artillery, Fort
Bragg, N. C.; Calvin B. Williams, Chaplain O. R. C., Atlanta,
Ga}; LutheriD.."Miller,U)) SiArmy, Port ‘McPherson)"Ga_;
John T. DeBardeleben, Post Chaplain, Fort Benning, Ga.;
Orville E. Fisher, U. S. Army, Fort Moultrie, S. C.
The following resolution was introduced and unanimously
accepted by the Council:
RESOLVED: That the Federal Council of the Churches
of Christ in America herewith expresses its appreciation of
the following declaration by President Coolidge in his Mes-
sage to Congress of December 3, 1924, and its deep satisfac-
tion at the enunciation of principles therein contained.
“Our country has definitely relinquished the old standard of
dealing with other countries by terror and force, and is definitely
committed to the new standard of dealing with them through
friendship and understanding. This new policy should be con-
stantly kept in mind by the guiding forces of the army and navy,
by the Congress and by the country at large. I believe it holds
a promise of great benefit to humanity. I shall resist any attempt
to resort to the old methods and the old standards. I am espe-
cially solicitous that foreign nations should comprehend the can-
dor and sincerity with which we have adopted this position.
While we propose to maintain defensive and supplementary police
forces by land and sea, and to train them through inspections
and manoeuvers upon appropriate occasions in order to maintain
their efficiency, I wish every other nation to understand that this
does not express any unfriendliness or convey any hostile intent.
I want the armed forces of America to be considered by all
peoples not as enemies but as friends, as the contribution which
is made by this country for the maintenance of the peace and
security of the world.”
RESOLVED: That the General Secretary be requested
to convey this action to President Coolidge.
The Business Committee made its final report as follows;
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 265
44. The efficient services of Rev. Adolf Keller of Zurich, Switzer-
land, Secretary of the Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangel-
ical Churches in Europe, cannot be too highly appreciated. Keen,
intelligent, and an unfailing source of information, he holds a
strategic position as a kind of clearing-house for rendering
financial and other help to the very needy churches of Europe,
and also as a central point of contact for the development of
Christian fellowship, practical cooperation and spiritual unity
among Protestants of Europe.
45. The Committee on Relations with Eastern Churches is
hereby authorized as a Committee of the Council and its report
is approved.
46. The following reports are hereby approved: of the Com-
mittee on the War and the Religious Outlook, of the Commission
on Christian Education, of the Editorial Council of the Religious
Press.
47. The following statements are received with cordial goodwill
and appreciation: from the Federation of Woman’s Boards of
Foreign Missions of North America, the Committee on Coopera-
tion in Latin America and the Student Volunteer Movement for
Foreign Missions.
48. That all matters in the report of the General Committee on
Army and Navy Chaplains having to do with the larger phases
of future policy be referred to the special Committee of Twelve
-on Army and Navy Chaplains; and that in the meantime the
present program of the General Committee on Army and Navy
Chaplains be approved.
49. That the Council request the official representative of the
several Constituent Churches of the Council to send at least 60
days in advance of the Quadrennial Meetings of the Council a
certified list of accredited delegates, and further that each regu-
larly appointed delegate be furnished with proper credentials to
be presented at the time of registration.
VOTED: To adopt the report as a whole.
The report of the Credentials Committee was presented by
Hon. Carl E. Milliken (see page 271 of this volume).
This report was accepted, with the addition of Professor
Richter’s name on the guest list and three official visitors from
the Lutherans, and it was
VOTED: That authority be granted to add to the list the
names of any delegates who shall be certified by the proper
denominational authorities as accredited delegates and by the
Chairman of the delegation at Atlanta as having been present
at the meeting, the Chaplains to be added as visitors.
Professor Julius H. Richter of the University of Berlin,
addressed the Council on “The Religious Situation in Ger-
many Today.”
“The Message to the Churches of America” and “The Mes-
sage to the Churches of Other Lands” were presented by Rev.
Howard B. Grose (see pages 71 to 75).
266 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
VOTED: To adopt the messages.
The report of the Committee on Necrology was presented
by Rev. A. G. Lawson, as follows:
The great reaper has gathered a large harvest from our Fed-
eral Council fellowship through the past four years.
Sixty-eight men and women, sharers with us in Christian ser-
vice, have been promoted to the upper home. Some of them
have greatly enriched the commonwealth of the world with their
ideas and ideals, and many of them have enjoyed the highest
honors possible in their respective church bodies. How leaders
have been stricken is shown in the loss of eleven Bishops, one
body, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, having lost three
of its Bishops during this period. The roll call of the departed
will bring to our minds how much they have all meant to us in
our Council History. Our Federal Council is a continuing
Brotherhood and we will live richer lives because of those who
have gone before.
We quote for them the record of Israel’s heroes in the letter
to the Hebrews :—“Having obtained a good report through faith,
these all absent from the body are at home with the Lord.” Ere
long we will join them.
AvBertT G. LAWSON,
- W. W. STALEY,
D. B. CoLTRANE,
Committee on Necrology.
Baptist Churches, North
datas Wooster W. Beman (1922), Michigan, Federal Council
ember
F. Wayland Ayer (1923), Pennsylvania, Federal Council Member
Rev. Henry F. Cope (1923), Illinois, Commission on Christian
Education
Edward S. Clinch (1924), New York, Federal Council Member
Col. Edward H. Haskell (1924), Mass., Commission on Tem-
perance
National Baptist Convention
Rev. Elias C. Morris (1922), Arkansas, President National Bap-
tist Convention
Rev. W. G. Parks (1923), Pennsylvania, Vice-President
Rev. H. H. Harris (1923), Missouri, Federal Council Member
Rev. J. H. C. Henry (1923), Mississippi, Federal Council Member
Rev. F. K. White (1924), Texas, Commission on Evangelism.
Christian Church
Rev. Alvah H. Morrell (1922), New Hampshire, Federal Council
Alternate
Rev. M. T. Morrill (1921), Ohio, Federal Council Member, Ex-
ecutive Committee Alternate
Congregational Churches
H. H. Speoner (1921), Conn., Commission on Temperance
Rev. Frederick M. Barton (1922), Ohio, Member of Editorial
Council
Rev. Gerald H. Beard (1922), Conn., Federal Council Member
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 267
Disciples of Christ
Rev. Edward B. Bagby (1921), Washington, D. C., Federal
Council Alternate
Rev. A. McLean (1921), Missouri, Federal Council Member
Rev. Jasper T. Moses (1921), Mexico, Member of Publicity
Department
Rev. Irving S. Chenoweth (1922), Pennsylvania, Executive Com-
mittee Alternate, Federal Council Member
Evangelical Church
Bishop U. F. Swengel (1921), Pennsylvania, formerly member
of Executive Committee
Bishop G. Heinmiller (1922), Ohio, member of Federal Council
since 1912, Executive Committee Alternate
Rev. W. M. Stanford (1923), Pennsylvania, Federal Council
ot eS Alternate, Commission on Evangelism, Vice-Pres-
ident
Methodist Episcopal Church
Rev. P. A. Baker (1924), Ohio, Federal Council Member
Frank L. Brown (1922), New York, Commissions on Interna-
tional Justice and Goodwill and Councils of Churches
George Warren Brown (1922), Missouri, Federal Council Mem-
ber since 1912
Rev. John Goucher (1922), Maryland, Federal Council Member
since 1912
James W. Kinnear (1922), Pennsylvania, International Justice and
Goodwill
L. Wilbur Messer (1923), Illinois, Federal Council Member,
Executive Committee Alternate |
Rev. S. A. D. Rogers (1924), Kansas, Federal Council Member
Miss Florence Simms (1923), New York, Commission on the
Church and Social Service
Rev. F. W. Hixson (1921), Pennsylvania, Federal Council Mem-
ber
Methodist Episcopal Church South
Bishop Walter R. Lambuth (1921), California, Chairman of
Executive Committee
BOP James Atkins (1923), Tennessee, Federal Council Mem-
er
Miss Belle Bennett (1923), Kentucky, Commission on the Church
and Race Relations
African Methodist Episcopal Church
Bishop George W. Clinton (1921), North Carolina, Federal Coun-
cil Member
Bishop C. S. Smith (1923), Michigan, Federal Council Member,
Vice-President, Church and Race Relations
Bishop L. J. Coppin (1924), Pennsylvania, Federal Council
Member
Methodist Protestant
Chancellor D. S. Stephens (1922), Kansas, formerly Federal
Council Member
268 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.
S. Spencer Chapman (1924), Pennsylvania, formerly Federal
Council Member
Rey. William J. Darby (1922), Indiana, Federal Council Mem-
ber since 1912
Rev. D. Stuart Dodge (1922), New York, formerly Commission
on Temperance
Robert S. Fulton (1923), Ohio, Federal Council Member
John B. Lennon (1923), Illinois, Board of Finance
Rev. Charles Little (1923), Indiana, Federal Council Member
Rev. Henry Collin Minton (1924), New Jersey, formerly Fed-
eral Council Member
John D. Rendall (1924), Pennsylvania, Church and Race Re-
lations
Rev. Charles L. Thompson (1924), New York, Member Admin-
istrative Committee and Commission on Councils of Churches
Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South)
John J. Eagan (1924), Georgia, Administrative Committee
Chairman, Commission on the Church and Race Relations;
Commission on the Church and Social Service
Primitive Methodist
Rev. N. W. Matthews (1923), Pa., President Primitive Methodist
Church; Commission on International Justice and Goodwill
Rev. G. J. Jefferies (1924), Pennsylvania, President Primitive
Methodist General Conference
Protestant Episcopal
Rev. John P. Peters (1921), New York, Commission on the
Church and Social Service
Rev. William Austin Smith (1922), New York, Federal Council
Member
Rt. Rev. Alfred Harding (1923), Washington, D. C., Washington
Committee, formerly Federal Council Member
Rt. Rev. Charles D. Williams (1923), Michigan, formerly Federal
Council member
Robert H. Gardiner (1924), Maine, Federal Council Member;
Administrative Committee; Executive Committee
Silas McBee (1924), New York, Religious Bodies in Europe
W. T. Schutz (1924), Conn., Federal Council Alternate
Reformed Church in America
Rev. John H. Brandow (1921), New York, Federal Council
Member
Rev. Albert de Witt Mason (1923), New York, Federal Council
Member; Executive Committee Alternate
Reformed Church in the U. S.
Rev. James I. Good (1924), Pennsylvania, Federal Council
Member
Reformed Episcopal Church
Bishop Samuel Fallows (1922), Illinois, Member of the Federal
Council since 1912; Executive Committee
FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 269
United Brethren Church
Bishop George M. Mathews (1921), Ohio, Executive Commit-
tee; Federal Council Member; Administrative Committee
Edwin L. Shuey (1924), Ohio, Executive Committee Alternate;
Administrative Committee; Board of Finance; Councils of
Churches
United Presbyterian Church
Professor Joseph Kyle (1923), Ohio, formerly Federal Council
Member
Rev. J. N. Knipe (1924), New York, Federal Council Member
United Lutheran Church
Rev. Lauritz Larsen (1923), New York, General Committee on
Army and Navy Chaplains
Not Listed Denominationally
Mrs. J. H. Hoskins (1922), Missouri, Church and Race Relations
Hon. Paul S. Reinsch (1923), D. C., International Justice and
Goodwill
The Council stood while the names were read of those who
have died during the last four years, and Bishop Cannon led
in prayer.
VOTED: To adopt the report, with authority to add any
additional names that might be found to have been omitted.
Mrs. Luke Johnson brought greetings from the Federation
of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions.
A message from the Student Volunteer Movement for For-
eign Missions was given by Marvin Harper.
Nominations by the several denominational groups for Vice-
Presidents of the Council and members of the Executive Com-
mittee and alternates were presented and these officers were
elected by unanimous vote (see pages 350 to 351 and 369
of this volume).
The report of the Committee on Resolutions was presented
by Rev. A. J. C. Bond, Chairman, as follows:
“We, the members of the Federal Council of the Churches of
Christ in America, assembled in regular quadrennial session in the
City of Atlanta, Georgia, hereby record our grateful appreciation
of the gracious and abounding hospitality of the people of this
great city of our Southland.
Everything that warm hearts and willing hands could do to
make the delegates to this convention comfortable and happy has
been done in an unassuming, but in a most gracious and efficient
manner.
Evidences of painstaking preparations for our coming have
been present on every hand, and the atmosphere of Christian
cordiality which has surrounded us has contributed much to the
success of these meetings.
In this connection, we wish to name especially the Atlanta
Christian Council and its Committee of Arrangements under the
chairmanship of Rev. Richard Orme Flinn and with its quiet but
efficient secretary, Mr. James A. Morton, and the pastor, official
board, and members of the Central Presbyterian Church, with
270 + FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
special thanks to Mr. J. E. Kirk, Chairman of the Committee on
Places of Meetings.
We wish to thank the several choirs of the city that had places
on our program and the Fisk Jubilee Singers for their inspiring
music.
We wish to record our appreciation of the service rendered by
the representatives of the press through their faithful and gen-
erous reports of these sessions:
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS THE INDIANAPOLIS NEwS
_ UNIVERSAL NEws Tue UnNItTep PrREss
THE INTERNATIONAL NEWS THE UNITED News
THe New York HERALpD- THE Cuicaco TRIBUNE
: TRIBUNE Tue NASHVILLE BANNER
Tue NASHVILLE TENNESSEAN
LocAL PAPERS
JouRNAL CoNSTITUTION GEORGIAN
We are profoundly grateful for the able, devoted and inspiring
leadership, during the last four years, of that Christian states-
man and faithful servant of the Master, Dr. Robert E. Speer.
With prophetic vision and a high courage, but also with sympa-
thetic understanding and patient consideration, he has brought
the Council to that place where more nearly than ever before, it
is able to throw the total impact of our American Protestantism
upon the vital issues of our own country and of the world.
For such leadership and for the faithful work of all the officers
of the Council and of its Commissions and its Committees we are
deeply thankful to God, whom all in their respective relationships
are seeking to serve. To Him we would render thanksgiving and
praise for His unerring guidance through the years, and for the
manifest presence of His gracious spirit during the sessions of
the Council now drawing to a close. We trust to His guidance
for the future ‘and pray that His spirit shall continue to direct
in all the aspirations and plans and work of this Federal Council
of the Churches of Christ in America.”
VOTED: To refer the minutes of this session of the Fed-
eral Council with any items of unfinished business to the Ex-
ecutive Committee for approval and publication.
VOTED: To adopt the resolution.
Closing remarks were made by Rev. Richard Orme Flinn,
Chairman of the Atlanta Committee on Arrangements, af-
ter which the hymn “Blest Be the Tie That Binds” was sung.
Closing prayers were given by Rev. W. W. Staley, Rev. J.
L. Updegraph and Alfred R. Kimball.
VOTED: To adjourn sine die.
The benediction was pronounced by Dr. Summey.
Rivincton D. Lorp,
Recording Secretary.
C. E.. SCHAEFFER,.
., A. J..C. Bonn,
Assistant Secretaries
REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE
of Members, Corresponding Members, Guests and Visitors present
at the Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council,
held at Atlanta, Georgia, December 3-9, 1924
Northern Baptist Convention
Members:
Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthony, New York City.
Rev. Edward Bleakney (Alternate appointed for meeting),
Utiea cn iY,
Mrs. George W. Coleman, Boston, Mass.
Rev. George L. Ford (Alternate appointed for meeting), Youngs-
town, O.
Rev. Howard B. Grose, New York City
Rev. Albert G. Lawson, Meredith, N. Y.
*Reyv. Rivington D. Lord, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Rev. John M. Moore, Brooklyn, N. Y.
*Hon. Carl E Milliken, Portland, Me.
Rev... E. A. E. Palmquist (Alternate appointed for meeting),
Philadelphia, Pa.
nyueda tae J. Price (Alternate appointed for meeting), Rochester,
Rev. Frank A. Smith (Alternate appointed for meeting), New
York City
W. H. Start (Alternate appointed for meeting), Utica, N. Y.
Corresponding Members:
Rev. John Hope, Atlanta, Ga. (Race Relations)
National Baptist Convention
Members:
Rev. P. James Bryant (Alternate appointed for meeting), At-
lanta, Ga.
Rev. J. W. Goodgame (Alternate appointed for meeting), Birm-
ingham, Ala.
Rev. H. W. Holloway, Helena, Ark.
Rev. W. H. Jernagin, Washington, D. C.
W. F. Lovelace (Alternate for meeting), Wynne, Ark.
Rev. I. A. Thomas, Evanston, IIl
Rev. Thomas H. White (Alternate), Jersey City, N. J.
Rev. W. H. Williams, Cincinnati, O.
Christian Church
Members:
Rev. J. O. Atkinson, Elon College, N. C.
Rev. J. F. Burnett, Dayton, O.
Rev. Frank G. Coffin, Albany, Mo.
Rev. L. E. Smith, Norfolk, Va.
Rev., W. W. Staley, Suffolk, Va.
Rev. Martyn Summerbell, Lakemont, N. Y.
* Free Baptists.
271
272 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Corresponding Members:
Rev. Warren H. Denison, Dayton, O. (Social Service)
Rev. W. P. Minton, Dayton, O. (International Justice and Good-
will)
Omer S. Thomas, Dayton, O. (Army and Navy Chaplains)
Churches of God (General Eldership)
Members:
Rev. J. L. Updegraph, Findlay, O.
Congregational Churches
Members:
Rev. Arthur H. Armstrong (Alternate appointed for meeting),
St. Louis, Mo.
Chaplain John T. Axton, Washington, D. C.
Rev. Charles E. Burton, New York City
Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Rolfe Cobleigh, Boston, Mass.
Rev. D. Witherspoon Dodge (Alternate appointed for meet-
ing), Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. F. L. Fagley, New York City
Rev. Hiram B. Harrison (Alternate appointed for meeting), New
York City
Rey. George Irving (Alternate appointed for meeting), New
York City
Maree Lawless (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta,
a:
Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, Hartford, Conn.
Rev. W. W. Scudder (Alternate appointed for meeting), New
York City
Corresponding Members:
Rev. Hastings H. Hart, New York City (Social Service)
Hon. William E. Sweet, Denver, Colo. (Social Service)
Chaplain Evan W. Scott, Washington, D. C. (Army and Navy
Chaplains)
Fred B. Smith, New York City (Councils of Churches)
Disciples of Christ
Members:
Rev. B. A. Abbott, St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. Henry Pearce Atkins (Alternate appointed for meeting),
Cincinnati, O.
Rev. Peter Ainslie, Baltimore, Md.
Rev. P. M. Baber (Alternate appointed for meeting), Clarksville,
Tenn.
Rev. F. W. Burnham, St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. George A. Campbell, St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. A. E. Cory, Kinston, N. C.
es N. Downey (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta,
as
Rev. L. W. McCreary (Alternate appointed for meeting), Balti-
more, Md.
Rev. Wright T. Moore (Alternate appointed for meeting), At-
lanta, Ga.
Rev. C. C. Morrison (Alternate), Chicago, II.
REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE 273
Rev. George P. Rutledge (Alternate appointed for meeting),
Cincinnati, O.
Rev. G. H. Steed (Alternate appointed for meeting), Norfolk,
Va.
Rev. C. H. Winders (Alternate appointed for meeting), Indian-
apolis, Ind.
Corresponding Members:
Rev. W. R. Warren, St. Louis, Mo. (Editorial Council)
Evangelical Church
Members:
Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, Reading, Pa.
Bishop J. F. Dunlap, Cleveland, O.
Rev. E. G. Frye, Cleveland, O.
Rev. A. E. Hangen, Cleveland, O.
Rev. G. B. Kimmel, Naperville, Ill.
Bishop M. T. Maze, Harrisburg, Pa.
Rev. T. C. Meckel, Cleveland, O.
Rev. H. V. Summers (Alternate for Bishop Spreng), Columbus, O.
Corresponding Members:
Rev. J. W. Heininger, Cleveland, O. (Evangelism)
Evangelical Synod of North America
Members:
Rev. A. H. Becker, New Orleans, La.
Rev. J. H. Horstmann, St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. Reinhold Niebuhr, Detroit, Mich.
Friends
Members:
Miss Clara I. Cox (Alternate), High Point, N. C.
Dr. Francis Hackney, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Professor Samuel L. Haworth, Guilford College, N. C.
President J. Edwin Jay (Alternate), Wilmington, O.
Mrs. Alice Paige White, High Point, N. C.
Dr. Walter C. Woodward, Richmond, Ind.
Corresponding Members:
Alfred C. Garrett, Philadelphia, Pa. (Race Relations)
S. E. Nicholson, Washington, D. C. (Temperance)
Methodist Episcopal Church
Members:
George Bird (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. Dan B. Brummitt, Chicago, IIl.
Ernest H. Cherrington, Westerville, O.
Rev. Edmund J. Hammond (Alternate appointed for meeting),
Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. F. M. Larkin, San Francisco, Calif.
Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Bishop William F. McDowell, Washington, D. C.
Rev. Edward Laird Mills, Portland, Ore.
Rev. H. E. Murkett, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Rev. Frank Mason North, New York City
Rev. Frank P. Parkin, Philadelphia, Pa.
274. FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Rev. Albert B. Storms, Berea, O.
Bishop Wilbur P. Thirkield, New Orleans, La.
C. A. Titus (Alternate appointed for meeting), Decatur, Ga.
Rev. Charles E. Vermilya, New York City
Rev. R. J. Wade, Chicago, II.
Rev. J. R. Van Pelt (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta,
Ga.
Rev. J. J. Wallace, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Rev. E. C. Wareing, Cincinnati, O.
Corresponding Members:
Rev. George B. Dean, Philadelphia, Pa. (Evangelism)
David G. Latshaw, New York City (Administrative Committee)
Mrs. Wilbur P. Thirkield, New Orleans, La. (Race Relations)
Methodist Episcopal Church, South
Members:
Rev. L. C. Branscomb, Anniston, Ala.
Rev. M. L. Burton, Meridian, Miss.
Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Washington, D. C.
D. B. Coltrane, Concord, N. C.
Rev. Plato Durham, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. J. S. French, Bristol, Tenn.
Mrs. Luke Johnson, Atlanta, Ga.
Thomas Mellow, St. Louis, Mo.
Bishop Edwin D. Mouzon, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. Franklin N. Parker, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. W. F. Quillian, Macon, Ga.
Rev. R. G. Smith, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. H. R. Steele, Nashville, Tenn.
E. Frank Storey, Franklin, Va.
Rev. W. F. Tillett, Nashville, Tenn.
R. M. Weaver, Corinth, Miss.
Rev. G. B. Winton, Paducah, Ky.
Rev. C. M. Woodward, Atlanta, Ga.
Corresponding Members:
Rey. Will W. Alexander, Atlanta, Ga. (Race Relations)
Rev. Stonewall Anderson, Nashville, Tenn. (Race Relations)
Bishop W. B. Beauchamp, Brussels, Belgium (Religious Bodies
in Europe)
James A. Burrow, Nashville, Tenn. (Editorial Council)
R. B. Eleazer, Atlanta, Ga. (Editorial Council)
Mrs. J. H. McCoy, Nashville, Tenn. (Councils of Churches)
Rev. W. W. Pinson, Nashville, Tenn. (Religious Bodies in
Europe)
Fennell P. Turner, New York City, (International Justice and
Goodwill)
Rev. A. C. Zumbrunnen, Nashville, Tenn. (Social Service)
African Methodist Episcopal Church
Members:
Rev. W. P. Q. Byrd, Mount Bayou, Miss.
Rev. C. P. Cole, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Bishop A. L. Gaines, Baltimore, Md.
Bishop Reverdy C: Ransom, Nashville, Tenn.
REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE 275
Rev. S. A. Williams, St. Petersburg, Fla.
Rev A. W. Wilson, Wilmington, N. C
Corresponding Members:
Rev. G. F. David, Lexington, Ky. (Country Life)
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
Members:
Rev. H. J. Callis, Knoxville, Tenn.
Bishop George C. Clement, Louisville, Ky.
Bishop W. L. Lee, Brooklyn, NY?
Bishop W. J. Walls, Charlotte, N. C.
Colored Methodist Episcopal Church
Members:
Bishop R. A. Carter (Alternate) Chicago, II.
Bishop C. H. Phillips, Cleveland,
Rev. J. A. Walker, Anderson, S. C.
Corresponding Members:
W. A. Bell, Atlanta, Ga. (Councils of Churches)
Bishop N. G. Cleaves, St. Louis, Mo. (Race Relations)
G. L. Word, Birmingham, Ala. (Executive Committee Alternate)
Methodist Protestant Church
Members:
Rev. J. R. Anderson (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta,
Ga.
Rev. J. S. Eddins (Alternate appointed for meeting), Birming-
ham, Ala.
Rev. Thomas H. Lewis, Washington, D. C.
yi oe Mills (Alternate appointed for meeting), Birmingham,
a.
Moravian Church
Members:
Rt. Rev. Edward Rondthaler, Winston-Salem, N. C.
Walter T. Spaugh, College Park, Ga.
Corresponding Members:
' Rev. Irvin E. Deer, Dayton, O. (Local Councils of Churches)
Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.
Members:
Rev. W. H. Black, Marshall, Mo.
Hon. William Jennings Bryan, Miami, Fla.
Rev. Charles L. Candee, Wilmington, Del.
Rev. E. A. Elmore, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Rev. S. A. Fulton, DesMoines, Ia.
Rev. M. L. Haines, Indianapolis, Ind.
Rev. Reuben H. Hartley, La jolla, Gah
Rev. W. Beatty Jennings, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. John A. Marquis, New York City
Rev. William McKibbin, Cincinnati, O.
Robert E. Speer, New York City
Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J.
Rev. Joseph A. Vance, Detroit, Mich.
O. R. Williamson, Chicago, Ill.» .
Rev. Charles L. Zorbaugh, Columbus, O.
276 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Corresponding Members:
Rev. Sylvester W. Beach, Princeton, N. J. (Religious Bodies in
Europe) ' fp
Rev. William Adams Brown, New York City (Administrative
Committee)
Rev. William L. Darby, Washington, D. C. (Washington Com-
mittee)
Mrs. Archibald H. Davis, Atlanta, Ga. (Councils of Churches)
Alfred R. Kimball, New York City
Walter R. Mee, Chicago, Ill. (Western Committee)
Rev. Ralph C. McAfee, Kansas City, Mo. (Local Councils of
Churches) :
Rev. Warren H. Wilson, New York City (Country Life)
Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South)
Members:
Rev. W. S. Campbell, Richmond, Va.
Hon. Willis M. Everett, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. Homer McMillan (Alternate), Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. George Summey, New Orleans, La.
Rev. John M. Wells (Alternate), Sumter, S. C.
Corresponding Members:
Rev. Richard Orme Flinn, Atlanta, Ga. (Evangelism)
Rev. Teunis E. Gouwens, Louisville, Ky. (International Justice
and Goodwill)
Marion M. Jackson, Atlanta, Ga. (Race Relations)
Rev. S. L. Morris, Atlanta, Ga. (Race Relations)
Rev. Charles H. Pratt, Louisville, Ky. (Race Relations)
Rev. David M. Sweets, Louisville, Ky. (Editorial Council)
Rev. Henry H. Sweets, Louisville, Ky. (Race Relations)
Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity and
Department of Christian Social Service
Members:
Rt. Rev. K. G. Finlay (Alternate appointed for meeting), Co-
lumbia, S. C.
Rev. W. W. Memminger (Alternate appointed for meeting), At-
lanta, Ga.
Rev. George L. Paine (Alternate appointed for meeting), Boston,
Mas
s.
Rt. Rev. Frederick F. Reese (Alternate appointed for meeting),
Savannah, Ga.
Miss Lucinda Snoot (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta,
ae
Rt. Rev. Ethelbert Talbot, Bethlehem, Pa. ‘
Mrs. Richard Ward Westbrook (Alternate appointed for meet-
ing), Brooklyn, N. Y.
Corresponding Members:
Arthur E. Hungerford, Baltimore, Md. (Editorial Council)
Reformed Church in America
Members:
Rev. Albertus T. Broek, Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
Rev. John A. Dykstra, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Rev. I. W. Gowen, North Bergen, N. J.
Rev. Ame Vennema, Passaic, N. J.
REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE 277
Reformed Church in the United States
Members:
Franklin P. Brown, Dayton, O.
Rev. Henry J. Christman, Dayton, O.
Rev. W. Stuart Cramer, Lancaster, Pa.
Rey. Paul S. Leinbach, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. J. C. Leonard (Alternate for Mr. Paisley), Lexington, N. C.
Rev. Charles E. Miller, Tiffin, O.
Rev. Rufus W. Miller, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. James M. Mullan (Alternate for Dr. I{erman), Philadel-
phia, Pa.
Rev. George W. Richards (Alternate for Dr. Apple), Lancaster,
rif
Rev. Charles E. Schaeffer, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. J. Rauch Stein (Alternate for Dr. Darms), Philadelphia,
Ea:
Reformed Episcopal Church
Members:
Rev. W. Russell Collins (Alternate), Montclair, N. J.
Rev. Joseph Kearney, Summerville, S.
Bishop Robert L. Rudolph, Philadelphia, Pa:
Rey. Edward J. S. Sonne (Alternate), Chicago, IIl.
Seventh Day Baptist Churches
Members:
Rey. A. J. C. Bond, Plainfield, N. J.
President Boothe C. Davis, Alfred, N. Y.
Rev. Arthur E. Main, Alfred, N. Y.
United Brethren in Christ
Members:
Bishop William M. Bell, Harrisburg, Pa.
S. C. Caldwell, Swanton, Nebr.
Bishop A. R. Clippinger, Dayton, O.
Rev. W. G. Clippinger, Westerville, O.
Bishop H. H. Fout, Indianapolis, Ind.
Rev. W. R. Funk, Dayton, O.
Bishop C. J. Kephart, Kansas City, Mo.
Rev. A. T. Howard, Dayton, O.
United Presbyterian Church
Members:
Rev. J. L. Hervey, Woodhaven, N. Y.
Rev. R. A. Hutchison, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Rev. D. F. McGill, Bellevue, Pa.
Rev. J. Knox Montgomery, New Concord, O.
Rev. J. Howard Tate, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Rev. W. I. Wishart, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Corresponding Members:
Mrs. John Ferguson, New York City (Administrative Committee)
Rey. R. W. McGranahan, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Race Relations)
278 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Corresponding Members at the Quadrennial Meeting Representing
Affiliated, Cooperating and Consultative Bodies
Home Missions Council
Rev. Charles E. Vermilya
Council of Women for Home Missions
Mrs. George W. Coleman
Mrs. John Ferguson
Mrs. Luke Johnson
Mrs. J. H. McCoy
Miss Laura H. Parker
Mrs. Wilbur P. Thirkield
Mrs. Katherine Westfall
Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions
Mrs. Luke Johnson
Mrs. H. R. Steele
Council of Church Boards of Education
Dr. Stonewall Anderson
Rev. H. H. Sweets
Rev. George J. Gongaware
International Council of Religious Education
R. E. Magill
Guy E. Snavely
American Bible Society
Rev. Frank P. Parkin
Rev. M. B. Porter
Rev. Arthur W. Mellen
Rev. Hugh C. Tucker
International Committee of the Young Men’s Christian Associations
Rev. W. W. Alexander
Abel J. Gregg
George Irving
David G. Latshaw
National Board of the Young Women’s Christian Associations
Mrs. Gutzon Borglum
Mrs. Archibald Davis
Mrs. Erie Layton Gates
Miss Louise Leonard
Mrs. Richard Ward Westbrook
Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions
Conference of North America
Rev. Frank Mason North
Rev. W. W. Pinson
Rev. S. M. Zwemer
F. P. Turner
Student Volunteer Movement
Marvin H. Harper
Mrs. H. R. Steele
REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE 279
Friendly Visitors
United Lutheran Church
Rev. W. Hoppe, Savannah, Ga.
John W. Horine, Columbia, S. C.
Rev. W. H. Greever, Columbia, S. C.
Secretaries of State and Local Councils of Churches
Rev. Arthur H. Armstrong, St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. Henry Pearce Atkins, Cincinnati, O.
Rev. W. L. Darby, Washington, D. C
Rey. Irvin E. Deer, Dayton, O.
Rev. George L. Ford, Youngstown, O.
Rev. F. M, Larkin, Los Angeles, Calif.
Rev. Ralph C. McAfee, Kansas City, Mo.
Rev. L. W. McCreary, Baltimore, Md.
Walter R. Mee, Chicago, III.
Rev. George L. Paine, Boston, Mass.
Rev. E. A. E. Palmquist, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. Orlo J. Price, Rochester, N. Y.
Rev. G. H. Steed, Norfolk, Va.
Rey. C. H. Winders, Indianapolis, Ind.
Chaplains
Chaplain John T. Axton, Chief of Chaplains, U. S. A., War Depart-
ment, Washington, D. C.
hati Henry N. Blanchard, 6th U. S. Cavalry, Fort Oglethorpe,
eor
Chaplain Frank B. Bonner, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, Chaplain
th A
a Calvin B. Williams, O. R. C., 15 Hudson Drive, Atlanta,
Chaplain Luther D. Miller, Fort McPherson, Ga.
Chaplain John T. DeBardeleben, Fort Benning, Ga., Post Chaplain.
Chaplain Orville E. Fisher, Fort Moultrie, South Carolina.
Chaplain Evan W. Scott, Chief Chaplain, U. S. N., Bureau of Navi-
gation, Washington, D. C
Special Guests and Speakers
Justice Florence E. Allen, Cleveland, O.
Rev. M. G. Andreades, Atlanta, Ga., representing the Ecumenical
Patriarch of Constantinople.
Bishop Warren A. Candler, Atlanta, Ga.
M. M. Davies, Atlanta, Ga.
Sir Willoughby Dickinson, London, England, representing the World
Alliance for International Friendship through the Churches.
Lady Elizabeth Dickinson
Rev. M. Ashby Jones, Atlanta, Ga.
apie ahh Keller, Reformed Church of Switzerland, Zurich, Switzer-
an
Rev. E. Y. Mullins, Louisville, Ky.
Rev. T. Albert Moore, Toronto, Canada, representing the Church
Union Committee of Canada
Rabbi I. E. Marcuson, Macon, Ga., representing the Central Confer-
ence of American Rabbis
Mrs. W. A. Newell, Winston-Salem, N. C.
280 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Rey. A. K. Reischauer, New York City, representing the National
Christian Council of Japan
Professor Julius Richter, Berlin, Germany, representing the Evangeli-
cal Church Federation of Germany
Rev. K. Tsunashima, Tokio, Japan, representing the National Coun-
cil of the Protestant Churches of Japan
Professor James T. Shotwell, New York City
Most Rev. Archbishop Panteleimon Athanassiades, Chicago, Ill., rep-
resenting the Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church, Jerusalem
Professor C. B. Wilmer, Sewanee, Tenn.
Visitors
Mrs. Grant Allen, Stonewall, Ga.
Irene Headley Armes, Boston, Mass.
Rev. Clyde F. Armitage, New York City
Rev. Paul E. Baker, Nashville, Tenn.
Carl J. Barbour, Nashville, Tenn.
C. D. Barr, Birmingham, Ala.
Donald P. Bean, Chicago, IIl.
Rev. S. L. Beougher, Wadley, Ala.
J. W. Bergthold, Atlanta, Ga.
Pres. R. E. Blackwell, Ashland, Va.
Rev. Russell Brown, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. Thomas Jefferson Brown, Atlanta, Ga.
Charles J. Buchanan, Indianapolis, Ind.
Rev. H. D. Canady, South Atlanta, Ga.
D. W. Cannon, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. E. R. Carter, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. S. J. Cartledge, Athens, Ga.
Rev. John S. Chadwick, Birmingham, Ala.
Rev. H. P. Clarke, Petersburg, Va.
L. Daniel Collins, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. William G. Clinton, Atlanta, Ga.
Mrs. W. S. Cramer, Lancaster, Pa.
Rev. Edward Creager, La Grange, Ga.
Rey. James B. Crippin, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. Wilson J. Culpepper, Decatur, Ga
W. M. Danner, New York City
Rev. William M. Dye, Etowah, Tenn.
Rev. Thomas Dyke, Kissimmee, Fla.
John G. Earnest, Atlanta, Ga.
Galen M. Fisher, Pleasantville, N. Y.
D. R. Fobbs, Atlanta, Ga.
J. A. Freeman, Selma, Ala.
Thomas W. Gardner, Nashville, Tenn.
Rey. F. J. Gilbert, Kite, Ga.
Rey. George W. Griffin, Rockville, Ind.
Rev. Melville B. Gurley, Mt. Berry, Ga.
Mrs. H. C. Gurr, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. Ernest Hall, Atlanta, Ga.
Rey. W. S. Hamilton, East Point, Ga.
Rev. C. C. Hamilton, LaGrange, Ga.
Rev. William A. Hamlett, Atlanta, Ga.
J. C. Hardie, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. N. F. Haygood, Newark, N. J.
Rev. B. H. Hogan, Columbia, Ga.
REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE
Rev. M. T. J. Howard, Atlanta, Ga.
Joseph S. Hughes, Holland, Mich.
Mrs. A. E. Hungerford, Baltimore, Md.
Rev. G. W. Hutchinson, Wrightville, Ga.
Rev. B. J. Jackson, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev.,J. W. Jackson, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. E. P. Johnson, Atlanta, Ga.
Mrs. E. M. Jones, Atlanta, Ga.
Jason S. Joy, Rye, N. Y.
Rev. Jim D. Kilgore, Richburg, S. C.
J. E. Kirk, Atlanta, Ga.
Julius W. Kneeger, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. M. Boyd Lawrence, Atlanta, Ga.
Eugene T. Lies, Chicago, IIl.
Rev. D. Clay Lilly, Reynolda, N. C.
Mrs. B. W. Lipscomb, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. C. B. Loomis, Decatur, Ga.
James Love, Athens, Ga.
Rev. J. E. Lowry, Madisonville, Tenn.
Rev. Robert E. Lyle, Emory University, Ga.
Elizabeth McFarland, New York City
Mrs. Charles S. Macfarland, Mountain Lakes, N. J.
Carrie Mellow, St. Louis, Mo.
M. C. Morris, Atlanta, Ga.
James A. Morton, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. J. G. Myers, Nashville, Tenn.
Joseph Myers, Jr., Indianapolis, Ind.
Mrs. J. G. Myers, Nashville, Tenn.
Rey. C. K. Nah, Songdo, Korea
Louie D. Newton, Atlanta, Ga.
Horatio W. O’Bannon, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. J. H. Palmer, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Mrs. E. A. E. Palmquist, Philadelphia, Pa.
Wilbur N. Parker, Monita, Va.
Rev. Leander A. Pinkston, Atlanta, Ga.
Rey. S. R. Preston, Bristol, Va.
Hubert Quillian, La Grange, Ga.
Rey. James O. Reavis, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. D. H. Scanlon, Durham, N. C.
E. L. Secrest, Athens, Ga.
Dr. D. A. Sloan, Bloomfield, Mo.
Rev. Thomas W. Smith, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. C. H. Stauffacher, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Rev. William C. Stearns, Berkeley, Cal.
Mrs. G. H. Steed, Norfolk, Va.
Charles Stewart, Chicago, III.
Rev. M. Luther Stimson, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. Thomas T. Taylor, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. S. D. Thom, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. B. B. Thornton, Atlanta, Ga.
Mrs. C. M. Thornton, Atlanta, Ga.
Rey. A. M. Townsend, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. George H. Trever, So. Atlanta, Ga.
Daisy June Trout, St. Louis, Mo.
Mrs. C. W. Turpin, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. R. H. Ward, Atlanta, Ga.
Rey. Philip M. Watters, Atlanta, Ga.
281
282 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
D. F. Weaver, Birmingham, Ala.
A. J. Weeks, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. A. D. Williams, Atlanta, Ga.
Mrs. Harwell Wilson, Lincoln, Ala.
Rev. Joseph D. C. Wilson, LaGrange, Ga.
Herbert E. Worden, Baltimore, Md.
Executives
Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, General Secretary
Rev. Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary
Rev. Roy B. Guild, Secretary, Commission on Councils of Churches
Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, Secretary, Commission on International Jus-
tice and Goodwill
Rev. Worth M. Tippy, Secretary, Commission on the Church and
Social Service
Rev. Charles L. Goodell, Secretary, Commission on Evangelism and
Life Service
Dr. George E. Haynes, Secretary, Commission on the Church and
Race Relations
Rev. W. W. Alexander, Secretary, Commission on the Church and
Race Relations
Harry N. Holmes, Secretary, Commission on Councils of Churches
Rey. Chauncey W. Goodrich, Secretary, Commission on Religious
Bodies in Europe
Rey. Adolf Keller, Secretary in Europe, Central Bureau for Relief of
the Evangelical Churches of Europe
Rey. John W. Herring, Associate Secretary, Commission on Interna-
tional Justice and Goodwill
B. Y. Landis, Research Assistant, Department of Research and
Education
Donald M. Brodie, Assistant Secretary, Commission on International
Justice and Goodwill
Caroline W. Chase, Assistant Secretary, Federal Council of the
Churches
Elizabeth Baker, Research Assistant, Department of Research and
Education
Fanny Aurill Bishop, Secretary to Dr. Gulick, Commission on Inter-
national Justice and Goodwill
Members ‘and Alternates”) .2')')..2nbhs ea pein ee. aids 190
Corresponding”) Members)..act atid, oekaer BP ae SO
$17,000
This addition to the budget will need to be raised by special effort
on the part of friends of the extension of local federations.
Washington Office, including the General Committee on Army and
Navy Chaplains
(Budget fori, 19240. Woe ee $17,400)
(Expenditures for 1924 about 18,000)
Administration: Secretary and Office Secretary...
CIETICAL | OENVICE moe n ee yet i METI Gna eUR in etrs Ce eted
Office Expense, Stationery, Postage, etc. ........
Printing} and Publication Hava eae eae
LAWS L Miva Nie IAL a IBV AR Ey yy aeeN Oh Mie aR MARR ate
Western Office
AL CITIVISt TAHT UU as na NI OY ORY a a ha
COMICE NE SENSE Us eT Me cL aAU nate Sots ati ohe Dra
Commission on Evangelism and Life Service
(Budget for 1924, $20,200.)
$7,820
2,900
——— $17,400
(Expenditures for 1924 about $13,000, the reduction being due to the
fact that the proposed Secretary has not yet been secured.)
AMMministration': (echetaries ih es vay. ewes coat ae
CPTCE AK CLISE OS elne ere aie ee cream Ue By arte ere oe
Printing and) Publication vou). ans hee ae
Od TEN OES DESDE ER OPAOT gt bbe Way A As a ey) eo
Commission on the Church and Social Service
(Budget for. 1924 Ti ie. $18,800)
(Expenditures for 1924 about 19,000)
Administration: Secretaries | 60) fey VGnd aay ae
Oiicet Farpense: Hi edn! ily hh el IN OR Waa,
Printing \ands/ Publication / ii ya, aCe
Travel (two, Séeretaries) i. Ue ey ll een
Tecicherrta lai ech Butane a SM ee a
Commission on the Church and Race Relations
(Budvervtor 1924 vw ede haewss $11,500)
(Expenditures for 1924 about. 10,000)
Admingstration: Secretaries, |. os \s des ise. eemeies
CHCA TAS DENSE! . Liuid vie wee thee tina ets wee he
Printingwand (Publication: yu hea aes ciao mek en ean
WE WAaMO Nasu iiice lie mele UR eg a a Vo bal areas
—— $20,200
$12,500
2,500
—— $19,000
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF FINANCE 329
Commission on International Justice and Goodwill
(Regular Budget for 1924....0.0...40. $35,000)
(Regular Expenditures for 1924 about $35,000. In addition a con-
siderable sum has been secured, designated and expended for
special work.)
Administration ti CCretarics yi. ss bs son metmisyel em eisya dias $8,000
Ofhce | Barpensen | crema si. s abl We Milas ae ah lak 6,
Printing, Publication and Publicity ............. 18,000
Pravel ee Wee CRBS Ue ek Ate ca aah watcha iit § 2,500
CONTENT ATGESRA NY MNT M Er dni acl a Sitdid ol Ata ile laicitarsya evan 500
$35,000
This includes also the Budgets of the Committee on Relations with
the Orient and the Committee on Mexico, for which designated funds
are available.
Committee on Goodwill Between Jews and Christians (a sub-
committee of the Commission on International Justice and
Goodwill)
POnvinistf ation 2) Secretaries. ee erm $7,000
CFEICCT EEX POLiSGam tte. Witney ete ceive veut tasaeM ant va Te 2,000
LT VELE ee cetet eae CO OM ne a ery an nen ee 1,500
MEISCOUANSOMIS ME Pace Uae ee ee ole ey a mates 1,500
Promotion: and, Pubiveit yore Qo Wee a Me 3,000
— $15,000
Pledges for $15,000 a year for three years have already been se-
cured for this Committee.
Department of Research and Education
(Budget for 1924, $32,000.)
(Expenditures for 1924 about $45,000, the increase being due to ap-
proved work undertaken, for which special funds were pro-
vided, including Prohibition Research and other emergencies. )
Administration: Secretaries and Assistants ...... $8,000
Research and Investigation Staff .............. ii 8,000
Office Expense ii. o 3's oo ss nis 6 RS Cea Lo ees 12,000
Printing (and) Publication (24yhaaes wabula. Piel. ols 5,000
Travelland it Ingwlentals oie ae! ae aes eu ad 1,000
$34,000
This Department serves all the Departments and Commissions and
a number of the Denominational Boards. Hence its budget fluctuates
according to the tasks referred to it.
A Commission on Federated Movements (at present known as
Commission on Councils of Churches)
BONNIE EP atION Yn PECCCLALIESIG bs uliicucele: sie laualee xd Vioriele $10,000
COIOC ER NCHISE 4) I", ic: 2:4(0 aI RRL aein obtain ibe cacisl Dinee. tak 3,400
Printingcand } Publication vausimenn ror nics enc scan 1,000
Eravel Sevinieiaescc Ch a OO eo. eles 3,000
Conventions yuiie. 3. 2d VIS A et os BR
$19,400
It is proposed that this Budget be entirely assured by special pro-
vision of the Commission.
The name and program of the Commission are now under con-
sideration.
330 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
BUDGET FOR 1925
(The Budget for 1924 was....$258,800)
(Expenditures for 1924 about 270,000)
General VERPENSES Wels ce ss cn ans wheter eiaeia ylaly raha R $96,000
Washington Otice ere na aaa nanan ee Chonan 17,400
WrestertiiOltice ie uk ee ea it wi ine om ene 7,000
Commission on Evangelism and Life Service..... 20,200
Commission on the Church and Social Service... 19,000
Commission on the Church and Race Relations... 11,500
Commission on International Justice and Goodwill 35,000
Committee on Goodwill between Jews and Chris-
tians (sub-committee of International Justice
andi Good will) said. tiitucone cals Cae erwin Ds ed 15,000
Department of Research and Education......... 34,000
Local and State Organization ...... Ath BUCS gt 17,000
ees Sy aie la
PROVISIONAL ADDITION TO BUDGET
In view of the reorganization of measures for the development of
local and state organizations, the following addition to the Budget is
authorized, contingent upon the organization of this work and the
securing of the funds from special sources.
Proposed Commission on Federated Movements............ $19,400
ADVANCE WORK BUDGETS
It is recommended by the Board of Finance that, early in 1925, the
several departments and secretaries make a concerted effort to secure
funds for their work, and that authority be given for such increase in
the budgets as increased resources may make possible, for such addi-
tional work as may be approved by the Administrative Committee.
SPECIAL COMMISSIONS
Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe
(Estimated Budget for 1924. .$19,000)
(Expenditures for 1924 about 16,000)
The budget for 1925 will be about the same, including the salary and
expenses of the Secretary in Europe. The resources for this Com-
mission are secured from the cooperating boards and organizations.
The Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone incurs only
slight administrative expense, cared for out of its funds.
The Committee on Mercy and Relief and the American Office of
the Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evangelical Churches
in Europe secure their funds independently. The same is
true of other relief movements.
The Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Commission is financing
the Tercentenary by the sale of the Huguenot Coins and
expects to complete its work within a few months.
It is impossible that a rapidly growing organism like the
Federal Council, with new emergencies and new opportunities
for the cooperative service of its constituent bodies, arising
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF FINANCE 331
sometimes almost from day to day, should determine its entire
budget with exactitude. The Board of Finance has, however,
endeavored to insure the balancing of the budget by, first of all,
conditioning specific authorization on the anticipated receipts
which appear dependable.
At the same time we have endeavored to provide for exten-
sion in whatever direction the emergency or opportunity may
call for it, in such a way that the cooperative work of the
churches may grow as fast as the resources can be obtained
for it.
Respectfully submitted,
LANDRETH H. KING
Joun M. GLENN
Orrin R. Jupp
Committee on Budget.
REPORT OF THE TREASURER
Summary for the Quadrennium
The following is a condensed statement of the operations
for the past four years in connection with the regular work:
1921 [922 1923 1924
Bxpendituresi in iivnmcus $234,863.14 $224,725.73. $272,676.56 $268,145.46
Income:
From Denominations .. $59,198.84 $71,492.35 $82,279.74 $86,109.01
From Cooperating
Bodies i), Pres wae 20,000.00 22,580.67 29,239.66 31,658.97
From Individuals ..... 169,352.60 117,768.52 138,291.99 142,366.27
From other Sources—
Literature, Year
Book, Refunds,
Printing and Publi-
CATO energy 18,229.39 24,454.03 19,222.16 8,011.21
Total Income for Regu-
LAC TWWV OF eee: $266,780.84 $236,295.57 $269,033.55 $268,145.46
Report for 1924
RECEIPTS
BALANCES ON HAND, DECEMBER 31, 1923
General ‘Fund 6/0 Sk Ve ire eel lees $3,508.54
General War-Time Commission .............. 1,933.05
Committee on the War and the Religious Out-
BOOM eae rey Ceara cL a ttn aren ead i ee 218.03
TotalivBalances iia ee ebm, abe me mene enn opie $5,659.62
DENOMINATIONAL APPORTIONMENTS ........-2+ $71,719.24
Denominational apportionments for Special De-
partments:
WV ASIN STON COMICE GOA uh tele co cirete Ged Belen meant aee 3,025.00
Commission on Relations with Religious
edies in “WEurope yt 2 even ey eee ee 5,914.77
Department of Research and Education... 4,300.00
Commission on the Church and Race Rela-
THORS GATE Rte chara ane MR dete eR 600.00
Commission on Evangelism and Life Ser-
if Cel ares See lee hacia 8 uf 14, a A ee a 550.00
otal nicom Lenominations’ can Lane se. $86,109.01
From CooPpeRATING BopliEs:
Church Peace Union for the Commission on
International Justice and Goodwill ......... $8,000.00
Church Peace Union for the Commission on
Councils’ of: Churches!) F700) 20. aaa 4,000.00
REPORT OF THE TREASURER
Russell Sage Foundation for the Commission on
the Church and Race Relations ............ $5,000.00
From several bodies for the Commission on the
Ciurcn anGaece Celarions : Oe w wha eels sols 1,419.10
From several bodies for the Commission on In-
ternational Justice and Goodwill ............ 6,454.38
From several bodies for the Commission on Re-
lations with Religious Bodies in Europe...... 3,104.39
From several bodies for various departments.... 3,681.10
CONTRIBUTIONS \FEOM “INDIVIDUALS sf 2 acide oh e'e ods nitoete ds 5
LITERATURE, INFORMATION SERVICE AND PUBLICITY........
DEPARTMENT OF PRINTING AND PUBLICATION
(United Process Company)
Receipts
SOT VICES 1th) were all di ada et wines eutabtele La $49,191.42
Expenditures
Cliice sl xpense cats sc eu) setnaas eisie $5,605.68
CUTSIGGIMDSERVICE aerate seat as cake 1,557.09
Wares iene, Cbs .iicccawccscccsles 1/9500
PRONTO a, at wal ln 1,966.08
Postar eserce cass feed crake tu 20,940.50
$48,002.70
Less Supplies on Hand ......... 783.02
$47,219.68
INGE TET OULAE (Ue berries ume iti. an 0 ACARI.
INCOME FROMTHE RESERVE. FUND ©. .6 occceld sks cevewees ea +
TT OtAMRARE DRS cig (aaa amerine te WiC oa ha as ane
Desir BALANCES CARRIED OVER INTO 1925
Commission on Councils of Churches ......... $7,277.62
Commission on the Church and Social Service. 1,050.00
Commission on International Justice and Good-
WLLL LOR Es ale eee alan Ns age ate’a! a o'Olaany 4,520.21
Department of Research and Education ........ 3,698.76
$16,546.59
Less Crepir BALANCES ON HAND, DECEMBER 31, 1924
General War Time Commission..... $1,575.78
Committee on Goodwill Between Jews
and: Christians «<.'dsieAdey et tb: 6,181.33
WET DEFOE ee. ee Oras Cb ete bad saan
333
$31,658.97
142,366.27
7,336.96
1,971.74
800.00
$275,902.57
8,789.48
$284,692.05
(The deficit is covered by the balance $10,000 in the Reserve Fund)
334 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
EXPENDITURES
General Expenses
Administration: Secretaries and Assistant Sec-
FOCAL YS SeaeP eRe NTC tetany Wheto CtanG atel a neh Wn ay Chr $16,000.00
Office Staff Clerical Service re ees ai ahs 12,260.01
Office Expense: Property, Stationery, Printing,
Postage) :€tes io coal arahin Rea a aA 5,156.90
Telephone, Telegraph and Cable .............. 1,890.63
Travel and Expense of Meetings ............. 5,313.41
RentraCentralOmces oN ances sales Sven a's, hie 3,609.21
Publication) arid) LADrary mete conte hee eieeaerieina e's 3,251.87
Treasurer's ; Department \areeuyes eae eee aes 7,908.72
Retiving (Find iio) sinicis caicla ibe olarebele cas PRaeane eat ae 2,500.00
Incidentals, Interest and Contingent Fund...... 1,553.97
Department of Promotion and Publicity....... 8,162.66
Religious Publicity Service) 030.0. . Segue. 11,191.25
Commission on’, Temperance’. 2.040 . dete. 187.30
$78,985.93
Less overhead expenses charged in proportion
to idenariments:) below, ua sates eensene ee tse 8,344.00
Washington Office, including the General
Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains
Administration: | 4.50 Peo Ba re $7,820.00
Clerical Service 7 eee re 2,178.00
Office Expense, Rent, Stationery, Postage, etc.. 4,191.94
Printing and | Fubhicationussiaactusewe caeuhe ee ueics 2,590.61
Travel and Expense of Meetings .............. 739.11
Expense: ot, Gonterenceseiin ova. iwuvvs comieun 793.84
Miscellaneous Ms ia idu weiss ceo tink ve tere eres 101.00
Western Office
Peri thiStra tiny is see ery viata EP aetna Sac $2,676.64
O\RiCeI Ee ensetiliiatiale ¢uiece alm eles ay etn 1,125.27
Printing) and |:Publicationvcicc cose nets iv. sie os oie see ueca are 319.85
PT AVOL ee Uy ee E ee a ols okie oa elena ne et a 980.72
Union Church on the Canal Zone .......... 17,000.00
_ Balance on hand, December 31, 1924......... 14,858.98
oe ——— $34,420.13
Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evangelical Churches
of Europe
RECEIVED—
From Denominations, Churches and Individuals....... $241,288.68
Paip—
Zo ithe “Gentral Biuareawiiiien ss 0 te ae ied vielen $232,854.77
Balance on hand, December 31, 1924........ 8,433.91
$241,288.68
The “Central Bureau” is the relief agency created by the Com-
mission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe and is adminis-
tered by a Special Committee, of which Albert G. Lawson is the
Treasurer,
Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Commission (Incor-
porated)
EXPE N SING ae amit ttle hs "8 sag aka RIN ie We ath male nid a wie Gdeela one Wat $32,470.41
INCOME—
Balance on hand, December 31, 1923 ........ $63.84
Income from sale of coins and _ individual
CarAEL Settee. ARUN ated ets Nakata dis oe sins 31,325.71
1,080.
$32,470.41
It is expected that the continued sale of the Huguenot coins will
meet this deficit.
Conference on Economic Factors in International Relations
RECEIVED—
Balance on hand, December 31, 1923 ......... 82.04
Cotttripaniong. is! e Poae ePRoeiit a 550.00
Deficit, December'31; 1924) so. uik.t. dod. 1,214.17
———— $1,846.21
338 = FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Pain—
Administration oo wucieu vecseme wae caret $1,450.00
Office Epensene ni sec wails s ele nauthuaieien 6 348.20
2 RSL Gi UN TR DI oe Tae A eR 48.01
——__ $1,846.21
The Council has been the means of raising in 1924 just about the
same amount for Relief Work as for its own departments, and in addi-
tion to this it has promoted the raising of funds for such work of
large amounts which went directly to these causes without passing
through its Treasury.
During other years of the Quadrennium these amounts have been
several times as large as in 1924,
The problem of adding these responsibilities to that of raising its
own budget has not always been easy, but it has been done with
reasonable success.
SUMMARY OF LEDGER BALANCES
December 31, 1924
CaS ere Le ROK ie ECL Aig WOM eaHRE Am fate aU taper ul) 8 ee ee $20,683.00
Accounts Receivable and Supplies ............ceescceee 1,525.38
Amounts due from Regular Departments and carried down
into 1925, viz.:
Commission on Councils of Churches ....... $7,277.62
Commission on the Church and Social Service 1,050.00
Commission on International Justice and
CO WT ee LN AVUe, ots a chalets, Sac eine Pema 4,520.21
Department of Research and Education...... 3,698.76
a ee 16,546.59
Amounts due from Special Departments:
Conference on Economic Factors ........... $1,214.17
Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Com-
ATLISS ION ass vs ievitukas the Mie er GAL ar uel ape deck ae 1,080.86
——— 2,295.03
$41,050.00
LIABILITIES—
Amounts due to the following Regular Departments:
General War-Time Commission ............ 1,575.78
Committee on Goodwill between Jews and
Christians, coe Hao same oe ACS otal ete 6,181.33
ee $7,757.11
Amounts due to Special Departments:
Committee on Religious Work on the Canal
ZONE Te ace esa OU ee ee aU ER Chea tne aad $14,858.98
Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evangel-
rcaChurches of) Huropeecis as ase. aod os 8,433.91
a 23,392.89
Cash Balance of Reserve Fund awaiting Investment. . 10,000.00
$41,050.00
The Council owns property, furniture, fixtures, typewriters,
manifold machinery and Library appraised at an insurable
value of about $28,000.
REPORT OF THE TREASURER 339
The accounts have been audited by a certified public ac-
countant who attests the correctness of the accounts from the
Treasurer’s books.
ALFRED R. KIMBALL, Treasurer.
FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN AMERICA
105 East 22nd Street, New York City
Gentlemen :
I have audited the books and accounts of the Treasurer of the Fed-
eral Council of the Churches of Christ in America for the year ending
December 31, 1924.
I hereby certify that the foregoing report of the Receipts and Dis-
bursements and summary of Ledger Balances are correct, and that the
books of the Council are in agreement therewith.
Respectfully submitted,
Cuas. R. Query,
Certified Public Accountant.
March, 1925.
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ACT OF INCORPORATION
Chapter 131
LAWS OF NEW YORK
AN ACT incorporating the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ
in America.
Became a law April 12, 1924, with the approval of the Governor. Passed,
three-fifths being present.
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and
Assembly, do enact as follows:
Section 1. All such persons as are now or hereafter may
become members of the Federal Council of the Churches of
Christ in America, formed in the city of Philadelphia in the
year one thousand nine hundred and eight, or of the Federal
Council of the Churches of Christ in America incorporated
under the laws of the District of Columbia in the year one
thousand nine hundred and fifteen, are hereby constituted a
body corporate with the name “The Federal Council of the
Churches of Christ in America.”
§ 2. The objects of said corporation shall be, to promote
the spirit of fellowship, service and cooperation among the
Churches of Christ in America, to secure larger efficiency in
their work, to endeavor to prevent their duplication of effort
and expenditure and to increase their influence by united
action in every department of their operations, at home and
abroad.
§ 3. The said corporation, at any time it shall determine so
to do, may elect or appoint such officers, and may adopt such
by-laws or regulations in relation to its organization, to the
management, disposition and sale of its real or personal prop-
erty, to the duties and powers of its officers, and to the man-
agement and conduct of its corporate business and affairs as
it shall think proper, provided such by-laws or regulations
are not inconsistent with the laws of the United States or of
this state.
§ 4. The said corporation shall have power to receive, take
and hold any property, real or personal, by virtue of any de-
vise, bequest, gift, grant or purchase, either absolutely or in
trust, for any of the objects stated in section two, and to make
investments of its funds or of the proceeds thereof, subject,
however, to the limitations expressed in the laws of this state
as to the aggregate amount it may hold of such property, and
subject also in respect to bequests from persons residing in
343
344 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
the state of New York, to the provisions of section seventeen
of chapter eighteen of the laws of nineteen hundred and nine
known as the decedent estate law. And the said corporation
shall be competent also to act as trustee in respect to any de-
vise, bequest or gift pertaining to any of said objects, and any
such trust may continue for such time as may be necessary
to accomplish the purposes for which it may be created.
§ 5. Meetings of the said corporation may be held at such
place or places within the United States and at such time or
times as the corporation may from time to time determine.
§ 6. Such corporation shall have all the powers conferred
on corporations by the general corporation law and the mem-
bership corporation law, which are not inconsistent with the
provision of this act.
§ 7. Robert E. Speer, Howard B. Grose, Charles S. Mac-
farland, Alfred R. Kimball, Samuel McCrea Cavert and
Landreth H. King, or a majority of them, are hereby author-
ized to call the meeting for the organization of the corporation
hereby created at such time and place and on such notice as
to them or to the majority of them may seem proper, and at
such meeting twenty-five shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business.
§ 8. This act shall take effect immediately.
STATE OF NEw York, v Hy
Office of the Secretary of State, §°~"’
I have compared the preceding with the original law on file in this
office, and do hereby certify that the same is a correct transcript there-
from and of the whole of said original law.
JAMES A. HAMILTON,
Secretary of State.
CONSTITUTION
(Pian of Federation Recommended by The Interchurch Conference of
1905, Adopted by the National Assemblies of Constituent Bodies,
1906-1908, Ratified by the Council at Philadelphia, December 2-8,
1908, Amended at Chicago, December 4-9, 1912, and at St. Louis,
December 6-11, 1916; adopted on December 4, 1924, by the Council
as incorporated by special act of the Legislature of the State of
New York.)
PREAMBLE
Whereas, In the providence of God, the time has come when it seems
fitting more fully to manifest the essential oneness of the Christian
churches of America in Jesus Christ as their divine Lord and Saviour,
and to promote the spirit of fellowship, service, and cooperation among
them, the delegates to the Interchurch Conference on Federation assem-
bled in New York City, do hereby recommend the following Plan of
ACT OF INCORPORATION, CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 345
Federation to the Christian bodies represented in this Conference for
their approval:
PLAN OF FEDERATION
1. For the prosecution of work that can be better done in union than
in separation a Council is hereby established whose name shall be the
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.
2. The following Christian bodies shall be entitled to representation in
this Federal Council on their approval of the purpose and plan of the
organization: (List of constituent bodies.)
3. The object of this Federal Council shall be:
I. To express the fellowship and catholic unity of the Christian Church.
II. To bring the Christian bodies of America into united service for
Christ and the world.
III. To encourage devotional fellowship and mutual counsel concerning
the spiritual life and religious activities of the churches.
IV. To secure a larger combined influence for the churches of Christ in
all matters affecting the moral and social condition of the people, so as to
promote the application of the law of Christ in every relation of human
life.
V. To assist in the organization of local branches of the Federal Coun-
cil to promote its aims in their communities.
4 This Federal Council shall have no authority over the constituent
bodies adhering to it; but its province shall be limited to the expression
of its counsel and the recommending of a course of action in matters of
common interest to the churches, local councils, and individual Christians.
It has no authority to draw up a common creed or form of government
or of worship, or in any way to limit the full autonomy of the Christian
bodies adhering to it.
5. Members of this Federal Council shall be appointed as follows:
Each of the Christian bodies adhering to this Federal Council shall he
entitled to four members, and shall be further entitled to one member for
every 50,000 of its communicants or major fraction thereof. Alternates
may be chosen and certified to the Council in the same manner and to the
same number as members to fill vacancies caused by the death, resigna-
tion, or permanent disqualification of members. Such alternates may also
attend sessions of the Council in the absence of members and exercise all
powers of members as temporary substitutes during such absence.
6. Any action to be taken by this Federal Council shall be by the
general vote of its members. But in case one-third of the members pres-
ent and voting request it, the vote shall be by the bodies represented, the
members of each body voting separately ; and action shall require the vote,
not only of a majority of the members voting, but also of the bodies
represented.
7. Other Christian bodies may be admitted into membership of this
Federal Council on their request if approved by a vote of two-thirds of
the members voting at a session of this Council, and of two-thirds of the
bodies represented, the representatives of each body voting separately.
346 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
8. The Federal Council shall meet once in every four years and the
term of service of the members or their alternates shall be four years or
until their successors shall be appointed. Special meetings may be called
by the Executive Committee.
9. Section a. The officers of this Federal Council shall be a President,
one Vice-President from each of its constituent bodies, a Recording Sec-
retary, a Treasurer, and an Executive Committee, who shall perform the
duties usually assigned to such officers. Vacancies among the Vice-
Presidents or in the Executive Committee may be filled by the Executive
Committee on nomination by the representatives on the Executive Com-
mittee of the constituent body in which the vacancy may occur.
Section b. The General Secretary and other secretaries of the Council
except the Recording Secretary shall be chosen by the Executive Com-
mittee, which shall have authority to fix their duties and their salaries,
and they shall aid in organizing and assisting local Councils and shall
represent the Federal Council in its work under the direction of the
Executive Committee.
SECTION c. The Executive Committee shall consist of two representa-
tives from each of the constituent bodies, preferably one minister and one
layman, and one additional representative for every 500,000 of its com-
municants or major fraction thereof, who may be either a minister or lay-
man, together with the President, all ex-Presidents, the Recording Secre-
tary, and the Treasurer. The Executive Committee shall have authority
to attend to all business of the Federal Council in the intervals of its
meetings and to fill all vacancies, except that it shall not have power to
make any amendments to the Constitution or to the By-laws. It shall
meet for organization at the call of the President of the Council imme-
diately upon the adjournment of the Federal Council, and shall have
power to elect its own officers.
Section d. All officers shall be chosen at the quadrennial meetings of
the Council and shall hold their offices until their successors take office.
Section e. The President, the Recording Secretary, and the Treasurer
shall be elected by the Federal Council on nomination by the Executive
Committee, but nominations may be made from the floor of the Council
by any member at the time of the election.
Section f. The Vice-Presidents and members of the Executive Com-
mittee and their alternates shall be elected by the Council upon nomina-
tion by the representatives in attendance of each of their respective con-
stituent bodies.
10. The expenses of the Federal Council shall be provided for by the
several constituent bodies.
(The following paragraphs were recommended by Interchurch Confer-
ence of 1905, adopted by national assemblies of constituent bodies, 1906-
1908.)
11. This Plan of Federation may be altered or amended by a majority
vote of the members, followed by a majority vote of the representatives
of the several constituent bodies, each voting separately. Amendments
to this plan shall be reported officially to the several constituent churches.
ACT OF INCORPORATION, CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 347
BY-LAWS
(Adopted at the meeting of the Federal Council (incorporated) at
Atlanta, Ga., December 4, 1924.)
ArTICLE I. ENROLLMENT
_ The Recording Secretary and the Secretary, or Secretaries for admin-
istrative service, or a Committee, to whom this duty may be assigned by
the Executive Committee, shall make up the roll of the members in the
Council from the certificates of the proper officers of the bodies compos-
ing the Council, and no one not thus certified shall be enrolled. The
Council shall determine any question arising as to the validity of the
certificates.
ArticLte II, Quorum
A quorum consists of two or more delegates from each of a majority
of the bodies entitled to representation.
Articte III. Orrtcers
Section 1. The officers of the Council are a President, one Vice-
President representing each of the bodies represented in the Council, a
Recording Secretary, a Treasurer and Secretaries for administrative
service, and such associates and assistants as the Executive or Adminis-
trative Committee may appoint.
Section 2. The President, the Vice-Presidents, the Recording Secre-
tary and the Treasurer shall be elected at each regular meeting. The
Secretaries for administrative service shall be elected by the Executive
Committee, or the Administrative Committee subject to approval of the
Executive Committee. Vacancies may be filled by the Administrative
Committee until the next meeting of the Executive Committee.
Section 3. Presidents and Vice-Presidents are not eligible for imme-
diate re-election.
Section 4. (a) The President shall preside at meetings of the Council.
In case of his absence, or disability, one of the Vice-Presidents, to be
designated by the Council, shall serve.
(b) The President shall appoint the members of committees and of
commissions, unless it is otherwise ordered, after consultation with
denominational authorities.
Section 5. The Treasurer, the Secretaries and such officers as the
Executive Committee may appoint shall be subject to the direction of the
Execttti ive Committee.
Section 6. The Treasurer shall give such security for the faithful
performances of his duties as the Executive Committee may direct.
The Executive Committee, either directly or through the Administra-
tive Committee, shall have power to appoint such other fiscal officers as
it may deem advisable and to designate their respective relations and
duties the bond which they shall give.
Section 7. Each officer holds office from the time of his election
until the next regular meeting, and until his successor is elected, except
that the Treasurer holds office until the close of the fiscal year.
Section 8. Officers elected by the Council are during their term of
office ex-officio members of the Council.
348 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
ARTICLE IV. ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE
Section 1. An Administrative Committee shall be constituted by the
Council through the Executive Committee as follows:
(a) Of one delegate of each of the bodies composing the
Council, nominated by the proper authorities of the bodies represented.
(b) Of one representative of each agency of organized
Christianity which by action of the Executive Committee may become
enrolled as in affiliation, cooperation, or consultative relations with the
Council.
(c) Of the Chairmen of Commissions.
(d) Of members at large, not more than fifteen in num-
ber, who are themselves members of the bodies composing the Council.
Section 2. The functions and powers of the Administrative Com-
mittee are:
(a) To carry out the policies of the Council and of the
Executive Committee.
(b) To maintain close relations between the Council and
the bodies which comprise it and the other interdenominational agencies
representing the Churches and their Boards.
(c) To represent the Council between its meetings both by
utterance and by action in harmony with the purposes of the Council and
of its cooperating organizations.
(d) To supervise and direct the activities of Secretaries,
Committees, Commissions and other agencies of the Council.
(ce) To represent, in harmony with the policies of the
Council, the common mind of the Churches comprising the Council in
friendly relations with the Churches of other lands.
(f) To report in writing its doings to the meetings of the
Council and of the Executive Committee for review with recommenda-
tions relating to further procedure and policy.
Section 3. The Administrative Committee shall meet on the second
Friday of each month, unless otherwise voted, with provision for special
meetings.
ARTICLE V. COMMITTEES
The Council may appoint Committees on Enrollment, on Law, on Busi-
ness, on Nominations, on Resolutions, and on such other matters as it
may from time to time determine.
ArticLE VI. ComMMISSIONS
Section 1. The Council, or the Executive Committee, may establish
Commissions and Standing Committees to further the general purposes
of the Council within specified fields of activity.
_ Section 2. The Commissions and Standing Committees shall be sub-
ject to the Administrative Committee and shall report to it and through
it to the Executive Committee and to the Council.
ArTIcLE VII. MEETINGS
Section 1. Regular meetings of the Council shall be held quadren-
nially on the first Wednesday in December, unless otherwise voted by the
Council, Executive Committee or Administrative Committee, at such
place and hour as may be determined by the Administrative Committee.
ACT OF INCORPORATION, CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 349
SEcTION 2. Special meetings may be called by the Administrative Com-
mittee to consider only such matters as may be specified in the notice
of the meetings.
Section 3. A postpaid notice mailed to a delegate and addressed to his
last known place of residence shall constitute a notice of the meeting.
ArticLteE VIII. AMENDMENTS
These By-laws may be amended at a regular meeting of the Council
by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting, provided (1)
notice of the proposed amendment shall have been given at a preceding
meeting of the Council, or (2) such amendment shall have been recom-
mended by the Executive Committee or by the Administrative Committee.
II :
OFFICERS OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL, 1924-1928
Bisuop E. R. HENpriIx
A : Dean SHAILER MATHEWS
Foren | Presidents: oon kt cluialnie als opis wie ive
Rey. Frank Mason NortH
Dr. Ropert E. SPEER
PFEMAGRE nails cstetiicsie Micaut ceca lens Cah NaN os Rev. S. Parkes CADMAN
Hanorary’ Secretary. us cou vais Re elaweagialsietaits Rey. Exrtas B. SANForRD
REEOTOURG “SECT ELAN pian Wiiisievbinnaieinie eS uemanie Slee Rey. Rivincton D. Lorp
FF ONO OED LF EOSUTET che cunt pays aleieiai shan ssealnbaten ine. ne aie ALFRED R. KIMBALL
TLEQSUTER is Pic's Westone Lente emits Lice SMI Eter a aie, orci eles Frank H. Mann
General Secretary ee ese aa ca ote wiela tte Rev. CHarites S. MACFARLAND
CRHETUL NS RETELAPV So oun Blow ignte uote -,Rev. SAMUEL McCrea CAVERT
Executive Committee, 1924-1928
Car aed iis oles Viae Cie are rece ee ee tale aig ela anurans BisHop JoHN M. Moore
Rey. CLARENCE A. BARBOUR
Vice-Chatrinen 2) i Ou Oe ae Fara ee Rev. JOHN BALTZER
Rev. L. K. WILLIAMS
Recordings Seer etary iiss mua Ware stare stale le Rey. Rivincton D. Lorp
Administrative Committee
CHAU MON ENs AN Ee aire aera ats aha iss Rev. Joon A. Margulis
Rev. Joun W. LANGDALE
VCE CROW ME ee Te ee oe ela ele he ale eae Mrs. JOHN FERGUSON
Cuartes S. CrosMAN
Revording | Secrvesary iu iniadisiisics cameaena ee Rey. Rivincton D. Lorp
Vice-Presidents
Northern Baptist Convention
Milliken, Hon. Carl E., Custom House, Portland, Me.
National Baptist Convention
Bryant, Rev. P. James, 402 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta, Ga.
Free Baptist Churches
Webb, Hon. Lindley M., 396 Congress Street, Portland, Me.
Christian Church
Coffin, Rev. Frank G., 406 East Daniel Street, Albany, Mo.
Churches of God in N. A. (General Eldership)
Guyer, Rev. W. H., Findlay, Ohio
Congregational Churches
Potter, Rev. Rockwell H., Center Church House, Hartford, Conn.
Disciples of Christ
Burnham, Rev. F. W., 425 De Baliviere Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Evangelical Church
Maze, Bishop M. T., 1924 Green Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
Evangelical Synod of North America
Menzel, Rev. Paul A., 2951 Tilden Street, Washington, D. C.
Friends
Jones, Prof. Rufus M., Haverford College, Haverford, Pa.
Methodist Episcopal Church
Wilson, Bishop Luther B., 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Methodist Episcopal Church, South
Moore, Bishop John M., 1308 Commerce Street, Dallas, Texas
350
PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 351
African Methodist Episcopal Church
Ransom, Bishop Reverdy C., 1721 Scovel Street, Nashville, Tenn.
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
Kyles, Bishop L. W., 1612 East 14th Street, Winston-Salem, N. C.
Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in America
Phillips, Bishop C. H., 10828 Drexel Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
Methodist Protestant Church
Lewis, Rev. T. H., 2844 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D. C.
Primitive Methodist Church
Humphries, Rev. Elijah, Billerica Center, Mass.
Moravian Church
Moench, Bishop C. L., 116 S. Virginia Avenue, Atlantic City, N. J.
Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.
Marquis, Rev. John A., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Presbyterian Church in the U. Ag
Wells, Rev. John M., Sumter, S. C.
Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity and Depariment of
Christian Social Service
Brent, Rt. Rev. Charles H., 237 North Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
Reformed Church in America
Kuizenga, Rev. John E., 4 East 14th Street, Holland, Mich.
Reformed Church in the United States
Leinbach, Rev. Paul S., 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Reformed Episcopal Church
Dager, Rev. Forrest E., 3618 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Seventh Day Baptist Churches
Bond, President S. O., Salem, W. Va.
United Brethren in Christ
Kephart, Bishop C. J., 3936 Harrison Street, Kansas City, Mo.
United Presbyterian Church
McGill, Rev. D. F., 317 Home Avenue, Bellevue, Pa.
(Montgomery, Rev. J. Knox, alternate for Dr. McGill)
MEMBERS OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL
Northern Baptist Convention
Allison, Prof. William H...... Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y.
Abernethy, Mrss)Wi.S....c:s.00 «sigan 715 16th Street, Washington, D. C.
Anderson, Prot, FL... 169 Homer Street, Newton Center, Mass.
Anthony, Rev. Alfred Williams..105 E. 22nd Street, New York City
Ashworth, Rev. Robert A........ 45 Bayley Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y.
Peace eOOts Test, ite. ss dames 300 Alexander Street, Rochester, N. Y.
TALOce keV ope) (eo s. sarees 459 Marlborough Road, Yonkers, N. Y.
Brink: Rew Goin. :. cern ealee 1701 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Coleman, Mrs. G. W. ...... 177 W. Brookline Street, Boston, Mass.
Padnces Pres: WH: PSone) Brown University, Providence, aug
Franklin, eve ds, ED oiin Pee aeaNe 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Gordon, PAD Eye. OS, 23 Norwood Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.
Gramineres GAUDy oR Bates College, Lewiston, Me.
Grose, Rev. Howard B.......... 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Hanleyinevidiow Al 2. aol First Baptist Church, Berkeley, Cal.
Leyy) dhevai ei Avs. coekitan 40 Bartlett Avenue, Pittsfield, Mass.
Lawsonuri ew sA Ibert, G. Remeber i. ee ete Meredith, N. Y.
Lord, Rev. Rivington D....Hotel Mohawk,
Washington and Greene Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y.
ME Ot tena ke bi», se a 3407 Fifth Street, Des Moines, Iowa
Mathews, Dean Shailer........ University of Chicago, Chicago, III.
352 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Milliken: (Hons Goehy Minin as ines eCustom House, Portland, Me.
Montgomery, Mrs. W. A....144 Dartmouth Street, Rochester, N. Y.
Moores (Rev. ohm wn oer 29 Macon Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Pla DOY METS)! FEU WV gi eaeh ee CU DOA Creve as Ue og Bloat Beverly, Mass.
Rhees, Pres. Rush......... 440 University Avenue, Rochester, N. Y.
Richardson WW a Goa oni yeni oisi cone ene AN 26 Broadway, New York City
Sears tren Gy FAG 4 wale alieebety 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City
tiwell, tev Pre bu iien wuke vcale at 1142 Schofield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio
White; Revi ho eat aiien 136 Sigourney Street, Hartford, Conn.
Wihite a ReveaQi Ta nu ane wien 23 East 26th Street, New York City
Wishart, Rev. A. W....Fountain St. Baptist Church,
Grand Rapids, Mich.
National Baptist Convention
BOOKER TAR OVS hel Phe Vict oe nent crmaens Baptist College, Little Rock, Ark.
Bowren, Rev. W. A. ...... 1060 Washington Blvd., Kansas City, Kan.
BTA ys OVE Bust vera e OI AL 441 Monroe Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
Brow, Revi WiiWii ae 143 West 13lst Street, New York City
Bryant ors Peipames tit ey usa aue 402 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta, Ga.
Burdett) Revi JRE. Ae 807 Andrews Street, Houston, Texas
Gaston Rey hLi Liaise weer anu aes 4348 Bell Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Clery De Crt RE) une vane 70014 W. Ninth Street, Little Rock, Ark.
COSEV ROL A Aroha MIU Rt a erg nC Ro Vicksburg, Miss.
Butler, Reve 0) Cae al ia Howe Institute, Memphis, Tenn.
ATOMS VINO Eee ens ier re alge 2010 E. 11th Street, Kansas City, Mo.
Goodrame; Reva .\(Wiiuiae wise 6 1533 Sixth Avenue, Birmingham, Ala.
Gralain jun enl ViRE al Dicey 1631 Christian Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
rg Ys Yd Bi eta i A eM NMRA og ge At sg TDN Memphis, Tenn.
Haynes, Rev. William......... 412 Fourth Avenue, Nashville, Tenn.
Hendersomy Revolt tiv -itaianea > 328 Patton Street, Knoxville, Tenn.
LOMO Way Loe Wi yinin lee cea telertatiare aa eile ah enn sta) alana Box 287, Helena, Ark.
Hrudson, rote y Ray Bis ok! ane dep ion a, 1 oh lpia P. O. Box 455, Selma, Ala.
Tsaae) Rey seu VV OLR ie Weel aiey 409 Gray Street, Nashville, Tenn.
TA RISORY JOO VE Laat Mmaulie ul auras 1605 Lapsley Avenue, Selma, Ala.
Jernagin, Rev. W. H....1341 Third Street N.W., Washington, D.C.
Johnson, Rev. A. M..308 W. California Street, Oklahoma City, Okla.
OTe REV Tire Laima ara 726 W. Walnut Street, Louisville, Ky.
FUSER TOV gd ie culate cole aa iM Le tee Houston College, Houston, Texas
Lovelace. Reve Vy Baa, Unne oae chew a ite Box 387, Wynne, Ark.
McNeal, Rev. George........ 1816 N. 3rd Street, Kansas City, Kan.
Moses!) Revi i WV ei Ebay la cis decal 35 East 125th Street, New York City
DEOSIOM ORLOV: | ca LU, eipnaidalareinlalis 4333 West Bell Place, St. Louis, Mo
Le pan ag eR Ba A UA HO ah TT APRON 847 South 6th Street, Louisville, Ky.
Robinson, Rev. G. W...... 1009 West 12th Street, Des Moines, lowa
edit: Cale BLD ORAS DR pe ori HOR RMP ORNS AA 9 Se North Holly Street, Helena, Ark.
Stevens, Rev. George E......... 4265 Finney Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Steward Wy Pest dae 608 South 5th Street, Louisville, Ky.
Vhomas) Rev, TiAl iiecueln dau, 1717 Benson Avenue, Evanston, Ill.
Westbrook, Rev. B. J. F..520 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Ind.
White, Rev. Thomas H........ 456 York Street, Jersey City, N. J.
Willams?) Rev... Wee greed: 735 West 9th Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Wilson, Rev. E. Arlington....2813 Thomas Avenue, Dallas, Texas
NA icrepere er Ali Deets i caning ae 383 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta, Ga.
Williams (REVO L. Wore aes ok 3115 South Park Avenue, Chicago, Ill.
PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL ‘ie: Sie
Free Baptist Churches
Anthony, Rev. Alfred Williams, 105 East 22nd Street, New York City
Lord, Rev. Rivington D., Hotel Mohawk, Washington and Greene
‘Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y.
McDonaid, Presi Henry ate ante eee Harper’s Ferry, W. Va.
Mauck, Dr. Joseph W.......... 173 Hillsdale Street, Hillsdale, Mich.
Mosher, Rev. George F........ 107 Howland Street, Roxbury, Mass.
Siatvasmeve vi momas tice ua asieiiee Ce cats Sandwich Center, N. H.
Christian Church
Sitieyer Revo Wye Vine aicg c Ce erulee tremens tie Lock Box 144, Suffolk, Va.
PEIISOTE REVO CS re ce ahs Meter etatdl hatatelghe weal Elon College, N. C.
Comin i rese: pordink (5 oe 406 East Daniel Street, Albany, Mo.
Slmnier pel, eve Martyn 6s era a a) Lakemont, N. Y.
Barete BRev We Meee is wk os ene aly gh gat he wrettu eal Dayton, Ohio
Alternates
ICAL REV PMU ese. cic chy Rist ee te cele a ee ees ste Lakemont, N. Y.
SArPeHt PREV LVWinihae ue oie t 215 Bucklin Street, Providence, R. I.
ee EA RANE Se adil fe El | Oe Wa A LY A bay al |... Versailles, Ohio
SISUIOE UN VIN RN eT EN oud Cannes eras Rh, oe eigha hata Si ene, Milford, N. J.
DITTO VAL aca, Ln aie ae La gata MLO MUM LMAT ary Ce Norfolk, Va.
RGtr se REV a om sty eit i eiotsiesare tics ane CoP AV Bidg... Dayton: ‘Ohio
Churches of God in N. A. (General Eldership)
A pdeenantign ewe ey Loe ec. ces oie siete 205 Frazer Street, Findlay, Ohio
Guyer Reve Waimea ie keer re Findlay College, Findlay, Ohio
TACT et EN RR AT ZN Cr Seiitate ls erate at anes Wis, ies a.) ate Nhe Columbia City, Ind.
TOD MAN OVLaLE Can Reiiiel oe (oy') bys ReRCle o areal pret Ashe etatas dst Shippensburg, Pa.
Alternates
PS VICT ROR mR hua s 3 fs icunichs tiie vis SPR sik Nia shar Abas OucabMistiat Reels Conrad, Iowa
be AES 35/14 FMA Se Sc ZUG a A A West Newton, Pa.
SNUALTE ERMAN Cron Bhs Si an aN Le ro NN AN Ba Harrisburg, Pa.
Ls Ere get olay WA | CN AA aR BE My 3 703 Liberty Street, Franklin, Pa.
Congregational Churches
Axton: Colney pohn’ DT i iise ea eae Office of Chief of Chaplains,
Washington, D. C
Burton, Rev. Charles E........ 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City
Cobleigh, Rolfe........ The Congregationalist, 14 Beacon Street,
Boston, Mass.
GONPAU REV UA ZL oc Sots pibisieiera ae Park Street Church, Boston, Mass
Davis, aE a is. Hho) te hana 327 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
LAV OV WV) ELs sou mae ees aera 25 Court Street, Bridgeport, Conn.
Dewey eve. bose 500 Groveland Avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.
Emerson, Rev. Chester B........ 820 Blaine Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
Fagley, Rey To Oeiias 289 Fourth Avenue, New York Cit
Perry onirs) vrrank Sr rie: 391 Sheridan Road, Winnetka, Ill.
Fox? Rev DiF ii 7 993 North Madison Avenue, Pasadena, Cal.
Gammon, Rev. R. W........ 19 South La Salle Street, Chicago, II.
Hawkins, Rev. Chauncey........ 1812 Federal Avenue, Seattle, Wash.
Jones, David P...... 236 McKnight Boulevard, Minneapolis, Minn.
Maurersev. Irving sist be. 846 College Street, Beloit, Wis.
Moulton Pres, W. Jie censiee eae 331 Hammond Street, Bangor, Me.
Nicholontinercsl oy Rose Sh Ne. |... 1640 Farwell Avenue, Chicago, II.
Potter, Rev. Rockwell J....Center Church House, Hartford, Conn.
354 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Proctorg Revinh. prtines coe nes 1597 Pacific Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Snosthy |, Bred Buncssebin te teres 105 East 22nd Street, New York City
Stafford, Rev. Russell H.... Pilgrim Cong’l Church, St. Louis, Mo.
Warner, Mrs. Franklin H.,
30 Ridgeview Avenue, White Plains, N. Y.
Disciples of Christ
MA DbOtt MeV eke Uatee Heath mae a ate 2712 Pine Street, St. Louis, Mo.
Ainslie, Rev. Peter........ 504 North Fulton Avenue, Baltimore, Md.
Burnham Revision Venn as 425 De Baliviere Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Campbell, Rev. George A.,
Union Avenue Christian Church, St. Louis, Mo.
Gastlaberryy even juo pci nai 1116 Cypress Avenue, Cincinnati, O.
Chilton}, Revi CoM pnt aa 917 Faraon Street, St. Joseph, Mo.
Cory, Rev. A. E....Gordon Street Christian Church, Kinston, N. C.
CrossneldiuRey, hy id cece suas ee 1610 Colonial Avenue, Norfolk, Va.
TOWELS CONTE AVON slain eae 1313 Denniston Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Frank, Rev. R. Graham....Central Christian Church, Dallas, Texas
Golden, Rev. John R........ 236 North Edward Street, Decatur, Ill.
Goldner, Rev. J. H.. Euclid Avenue Christian Church, Cleveland, Ohio
FLOOVEr AV Vg) ELA eee Fibs bon de Rae ee eI ER NeREM IE Ieee North Canton, Ohio
Hantal Revs Ray Boece ate ivid lous First Christian Church, Lincoln, Neb.
Idleman, Revi. Minis io je. ad 142 West 8lst Street, New York City
Jones, Rev. Edgar D...... Central Christian Church, Detroit, Mich.
TORS AU IRAN ee Rye sll Une Ma omen 601 R. A. Long Bldg., Kansas City, Mo.
Main, Frank H....Pennsylvania Bldg., 15th and Chestnut Streets,
Philadelphia, Pa.
MecGash) ‘Pres. Ui Naini, 3 Phillips University, East Enid, Okla.
Medbury MREV Ce Sik uaa eile University Station, Des Moines, Iowa
Pratenardy) Rev ba iQ ena 222 Downey Avenue, Indianapolis, Ind.
Rothenbureers VRE vi We ee UM an Re hea Springfield, Ill.
Rode MN Waa cm I CAR Ta aay Belleaire, Ohio
TAvIOreee TOT NAL Val! Widen on 821 Occidental Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind.
Welle ite INCH CL Mew a 4708 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, Texas
Wilfley, Rev. Earl .......... 1483 Harvard Street, Washington, D. C.
Willett, Rev. Herbert L....77 West Washington Street, Chicago, Il.
Alternates
DAV REDE GREW iii) Ohid.c mie Rien ant ei niebol ule Mena aM Columbus, Ind.
Kershner, Rev. F. O....263 South Audubon Road, Indianapolis, Ind.
Morgannev. Carey Haast 325 22nd Avenue N, Nashville, Tenn.
Borne, Rev. John: McD... 2.0.04 307 East Main Street, Lebanon, Ind.
Bateshae res, Miner) Dore ieee oe invades duabele UE «ot aos Hiram, Ohio
Agee, Rev. Carl.. Roosevelt Blvd. and 10th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
GobbeyoyRev. Cowulir, . iu gies Mean c skates 5 prante mene Nancie. Bethany, Neb.
Wraite devi EMU pihaee we haies, ssh. See OE® VOTO tne exec g
Cdackson, Vii Palmer oie hau va cn 2712 Pine Street, St. Louis, Mo.
Melton, Rev. B. H........ 3615 McComb Avenue, Washington, D. C.
Gordon, Rev. F. M........ 69 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Linville: Wey. Bo Hic vp eee: 3400 Copley Road, Baltimore, Md.
Wisavaenen, Tillis, Ms eeshie kh oe 227 Richmond Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.
Rilew alr Gae Wo as oi 9, at 14 East 31st Street, New York City
Lindsay Samuel) Bay ciate fee 8: 1315 Genesee Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y.
WilliasiisipeviiM ly Wain, .o ye Rie. ca eae Carmel, N. Y.
Winterpmercl: Boil eee 1884 East 81st Street, Cleveland, Ohio
MaclachlaniiRev, \HaoDaiCe pi ak (OG 5 een eres Richmond, Va.
Wiatson Revels: Morne sd eth 2223 Marin Avenue, Berkeley, Cal.
Hunley 4 Revi iB occa od ae a Richmond, Va.
PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 355
WVelsrmer PREV EISELE hose habla sin ask clot afe od Stars la Whe obi’ Canton, Ohio
Batman ihe LaiGs ge. 1643 Elm Street, Youngstown, Ohio
Goodnight’) ReviiGloydw yt 208. Pao UA ee tly Bethany, W. Va.
Morrison, “RevirC.nGiy 22: 440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
Philputt, Rev. A. B....1330 North Jersey Street, Indianapolis, Ind.
Wirby (tact Miia er, re soaes os aides 43 Jewatt Parkway, Buffalo, N. Y.
Stauffer, Rev. C. R....412 Seventh Street N.E., Washington, D. C.
Bagman BOM ei isuidc bet ates ws 1 West 67th Street, New York City
Friends
aa ODE bean avgelel at ki Sk lee sail 265 Morris Bldg., Baltimore, Md.
Woodward, Dr. Walter C...... 101 South 8th Street, Richmond, Ind.
Wallenberg) Vel) T el AL Sta AUN Se DUR Seis En apa mom High Point, N. C.
Stanley vnrodmimned ; wines! e'.isik 1813 University Avenue, Wichita, Kan.
Haworth), Protesson;Samuels lo. Biv nee, Guilford College, N. C.
Hackney, Dr. Francis C.... Volunteer Life Bldg., Chattanooga, Tenn.
Alternates
Piarold, . Mersan Marya... Yeu. sec 550 East Broadway, Danville, Ind.
RAN. EU CMGCIE EMIS IN 2s. . cei olal ure iursey eh acateth «Ad Wilmington, Ohio
COR LO APAW Let Ont sal acuia't stein hg creed mans ie nU High Point, N. C.
WVITOT NCAR IBet De cr aa fry). Qk sae era! o PEMA ede Oskaloosa, Iowa
Plaricn Lindieya t poge s son. it 1448 Spring Place, Washington, D. C.
OMAP SMUD MMIM oes ia alnl of Uitte bas ons Earlham College, Earlham, Ind.
Evangelical Synod of North America
Baltzery Rev. vlOGMi o5e.. te ot. cie 2013 St. Louis Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
BSYUNMS SCV EEF iss ciaa «0.» 1300 East Fayette Street, Baltimore, Md.
POCKER REV Pree Ei. cs wale antite 2021 Milan Street, New Orleans, La.
Horstmann, Rev. J. H..... 1716-18 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
NW Sa brele Sar aigb ecto.) Ld RR een 674 South High Street, Columbus, Ohio
BLOCREL SRE Vo UT Ge VV. sellers slats o's SayeIENIM Ss indy, «'n: «cians Steubenville, Ohio
Niebuhr, Rev. Reinhold........ 2726 Lothrop Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
Presa) Merges Lone le. itt 129 Bonipart Street, Webster Grove, Mo.
Cleat: Dever 1. Ue iy os wey st 116 Lower 6th Street, Evansville, Ind.
Evangelical Church
Breyiogel bishop 'o. C.. 6 vlease kee 836 Center Avenue, Reading, Pa.
DiNlans Dishonest on 11711 Cromwell Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
DEVE, ROVE hee tare ¢ aon itis 1903 Woodland Avenue S.E., Cleveland, Ohio
Kimmel, Dr. G. B....Pres. Evangelical Theo. Sem., Naperville, Il.
MAZEL OISHOTY ML fends aa ae om 1924 Green Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
en Dee st SHO La EN. ene hte ge us Bk cc ee NT Le Mars, Iowa
SPLCHo,. BIsHOD OS. bo saee 106 Columbia Avenue, Naperville, Ill.
Meckel, Rev. T. C...... 1903 Woodland Avenue S.E., Cleveland, Ohio
Hangen, Rey. A. E.......; 1903 Woodland Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
Alternates
PLETE LORT Poe he aie ate gots 10 North Clark Street, Chicago, Il.
Curryrev:' 10° QO. Agee rte: 122 Locust Street, Scalp Level, Pa.
Lilly, Rev. H. C..2125 Union Street, Hamilton Park, Allentown, Pa.
Osttothnenevv Ds Coens ee eee 1127 North Wahsatch Avenue,
Colorado Springs, Col.
Methodist Episcopal Church
Anderson, Bishop W. F.......... 581 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass.
Berhypeshop Jails... s sisters eeu oe 930 48th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Blake, Bishop Edgar.......... 4 rue Roquepine VIII, Paris, France
Hughes, Bishop FE. H...... 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, IIl.
356 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Jones Bishop Roberti bei acres eas. ea Box 103, Waveland, Miss.
Leonard dBishopivAcliw eae eens 202 Morris Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.
McConnell, Bishop Francis J...... 524 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
MeéadseBishopii Cs ein ae 1839 York Street, Denver, Col.
McDowell, Bishop W. F..2107 Wyoming Avenue, Washington, D. C.
Nicholson, Bishop Thomas....34 E. Elizabeth Street, Detroit, Mich.
Nuelsen, Bishop John L....Hinterbergstrasse 82, Zurich, Switzerland
Richardson, Bishop E. G........ Ponce de Leon Avenue, Atlanta, Ga.
‘Lhirkield bishop) Wilbur. Pusey sen au sels Chattanooga, Tenn.
Waldorf.’ Bishop} Halo auoi is 1121 McGee Street, Kansas City, Mo.
Wilson, Bishop Luther B......... 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Abbott, Rev. B. F....208 North mee vay Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Ba como evince Bass cnttuetuastry Glennie eves CoA Indianapolis, Ind.
Beebe. Rev. TA Ay fie ie “Vernon Street, Boston, Mass.
LS ColN MIN SU ROMS BAC EE a a 504 Whitley Avenue, New Haven, Conn.
Boswellti Revi Me vis sk ie 20 North 50th Street, Philadelphia, ee
Bovard, ‘Revi; W. Si.....4. 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, II.
BrammitioRev oan ; ol gues can sae 740 Rush Street, Chicago, Ill.
CAE Rebar Maen Gea ane ole American University, Washington, D. C.
Conner LEV AuVV et Baan taia te Menaul The King Edward, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Diffendorfer, Rev. Ralph E....... 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
DOWNEY, eve ie Gone ye hs ieee 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Elliott; Rev.) Georgee. 20s Vaan 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
EB leer itrg EVR OW OE raetee seeks tebe aie ane Baker University, Baldwin, Kan.
Rorsyth); RevcD: ‘De avuiiuies Arch and 17th Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Guthrie (Rev: Charlest Hig. o iio Wena cela eitaile ls isang ge Syracuse, N. Y.
Haven, Rev. William I...Bible House, Astor Place, New York City
Frankhn: (Rey, DMG re se a 611 East Easton Street, Tulsa, Okla.
Plattinan UR eve ie tae ee 581 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass.
Pushes Rew VW ALG oie oe 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Piingeley VRevn ys aie uve aaaner es 1101 Garland Bldg., Chicago, II.
Kane (Rev IVS uM a et aU. 530 East Highland Street, Carthage, Mo.
BSE) EVA ES OURS cote eit ac emir. ha ae AeA Winfield, Kan.
Langdale, Rev. J. W. My uN dbibigetdaryc, 962 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.
LAP Maney. (ENS aii Gleick 321 West 3rd Street, Los Angeles, Cal.
Madsen, Rev. H. K....3255 14th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minn.
Macmullen, Rev. Wallace........ 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
MEAVEGLY, TUCVy boa Mion eisieniinnion 4 ee 420 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Meyer Rey ihc. ocean. 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
ET Se PEREY ES. PRs ee atisyeluly warslien are cietone Artisans Bldg., Portland, Ore.
BNO) I So DS MI TE a ld 101 Comstock Place, Syracuse, N. Y.
DANISH REVS Cl Unni eid Montgomery County, Hatboro, Pa.
Murhin Revi Lo Ei aru) sae ats Boston University, Boston, Mass.
IMHERCIN REY. Viton rect rm Gee 825 Vine Street, Chattanooga, Tenn.
North, Rev. Frank Mason......... 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Pareingyney,. Prank’ bn ee cise 701 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Tice OB ied er ane 158 Middlesex Avenue, Medford, Mass.
Spencer-(hev. Cj Boialed Ge 1121 McGee Street, Kansas City, Mo.
Spencer, Rev. George H......... 12 Bosworth Street, Boston, Mass.
Storms rev. Ay) Bis wuiauiice ih Baldwin Wallace College, Berea, Ohio
StuantaceviiG i Mowyeites i wey oa) ee 621 Foster Street, Evanston, Il.
Sumwalt) Revi J.’W. Ri oe... 5900 McGee Street, Kansas City, Mo.
ik HOMNsSOne UReV:) | JON ie Asie eoadad 740 Rush Street, Chicago, IIl.
Tipple ev B.S ola wsts Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J.
atthe spewed, Fes Bie Cae Rae i) co's lis aie lal lo bi et aha Evanston, IIl.
Wade Regt Ro) cece «amen Bea, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, Ill.
Wallace Rew J. Fico ein dda 524 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL § - 357
Wallenius, Rev. C. G...... Swedish Theological Sem., Evanston, III.
Vareiiey eve a WG ien sort eee 420 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
* Watson, Rev. E, L...... Roland Park M, E. Church, Baltimore, Md..
WEEGer te y ER VNR ou cle erstebidy we icwitdle’s ais ce one Greensboro, N. C.
"WiSOt, TNs ete Wie Do cha oa American Bible Society, Atlanta, Ga.
VINE RAY Uae ryan che aias wash anon cine ac ce «Ooe git Columbus, Ohio
XOUNTIOO REV, Wow Wow csc aee sek Artisans Bldg., Portland, Oreg.
AOE AVAL Giaie ole ae ire aed. 740 Rush Street, Chicago, II].
PSE LL SEMMRIN CNET IAES Ps tcc! od sus tecds wie! ee) date nee aces aoe Re oe Minneapolis, Minn.
AOI SICLOI EL UPS rT a. wu sala ies dela wie aik @ o.5 eK Westerville, Ohio
Pa a RT ee pice WY A ll a 24 East 25th Street, Baltimore, Md.
ELM TORO TA ATIEOUCL A wie bcss.gg ace eee Welsla ee oan a's Marblehead, Mass.
Dixon, George W.......... 426 South Fifth Avenue, Chicago, Ill.
DRORTOUE. DREW Pa Fe ily ald > 6 7 City Hall Avenue, San Francisco, Cal.
to SEL E id AO) Kem ep ta ale eR le A ee 52 Central Street, Gardner, Mass.
TEITOET AL eae cw lee eistchce | 1057 Summit Avenue, North, Seattle, Wash.
PetSCHIP Cat (CRE nto ua lor, eel tg ae 649 Broadway, Albany, N. Y.
PIATTis sat TVVGe ce ers sees 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
PARR Lee cok use Mere, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.
ATS NE ee CE ek ed On 1 28, ly NRL 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Benne Ca WW ee arti 1012 A. M. B. Bldg., Jacksonville, Fla.
BACK) SOs sks cic ny as 1105 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
NE OSICH ATI hh Cen eee ae. 4 Vie iia ue’ cides! so se eee Baldwin, Kan.
PORES ti Ga SLC TORU Nit ies aie-arqaree Uae Cec OMT a ae St. Louis, Mo.
ARO VS VV trent erste ea DM rate leh tes deems Ocean City, No:
Mister Lontube avs bse we 347 Madison Avenue, New York City
vs RE MORES we Ba SNORE Mr Hotel Bossert, Brooklyn, N. Y.
RCMGE VW ELLTATIN cme cool alee selene fs 20 Sargent Street, Newton, Mass.
Sa PAN eee UE cos sual biciesratety ate 141 Broadway, New York City
oeOp abe Caled Ah A a JL Nes dpa di a A AZ ASS ct York, Neb.
Uae VEE Tet eg i ee 91 ney RRR ng BAD A SAE es ARNG 2 Pasadena, Cal.
Wheeler, Harry A., Union Trust Company,
7 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.
Methodist Episcopal Church—South
Ainsworth, Bishop W. N. ....... 109 Hines Terrace, Macon, Ga.
Boaz, Bishop H. A. ..... Southern M. E. University, Dallas, Texas
Cannon, Bishop James, Jr. ...... 50 Bliss Bldg., Washington, D. C.
Moore, Bishop Pohn Mii owas 1308 Commerce Street, Dallas, Texas
Murrah, Bishop Ww 2B 1615 Central Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
Babcock, Rev. S. H. ..1820 West 17th Street, Oklahoma City, Okla.
Bland, SOTA MAUR, SIDE CN SIU cach es Uk gnaahlae dP OU Troy, Ala.
Branscomb, evst Ls GivGns Wega oe. First Church, Anniston, Ala.
Bulla, Rev. C. D. ....1412 South Harvard Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.
Burton, POR MEE TS) OUR New as cll» siete ale ov aketn anaes Meridian, Miss.
Campbell, Poe CRs GA a Giles ak Wek Roswell, N. Mex.
CATteE Re a AN ORG iit rate vee ees howe Sweetwater, Tenn.
Cockrell, Fudge J. Bsackudiy 4107 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, Texas
COT aR ER BSD EUR ck Concord, Nac.
Dickenson, Rev. R. E. ....First Methodist Church, Vernon, Texas
Dickeyeairss: JP Hy a 1832 Princeton Drive, Louisville, Ky.
Dunkle, Rev. W. F...... 1815 East Market Street, Jacksonville, Fla.
Durhamsmey, Plato 35.0 an5 ss «cine Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
Hdgertonneroutt 10... . evens cae ts Lambuth Bldg., Nashville, Tenn.
Frenchweey. 3). Se. eas 579. Broad Street, Bristol, Tenn.
Gibson, Rev. George ............ 5614 Swiss Avenue, Dallas, Texas
CFE OTAL EOD * 'o:5'5e'seeriets als elaine wivta a sfd o's W piaeahe Lockhart, Texas
EL cierisvteen es RE iar + ola: d'e che ah ane ne plalacdea’ stolaeye tas Spartanburg, S. C.
358 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE,CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Have We Ss ii ea karat a a Shelbyville, Ky.
Henley, Rev. Curwen....451 North 15th Street, Murphysboro, Il.
‘Hutchinson, Rev. Forney Rg a A SE Oklahoma City, Okla.
JOUSOr aera Lee Wee ow cots et alate 409 Palmer Bldg., Atlanta, Ga.
RNS OLEs EVs AMOS ii sa ces ul aMeykiaih S'y.o er SleRaC TESS able sce Dallas, Texas
BOS e, REVS eat ru orem ein aaa the Excelsior Springs, Mo.
Mellow.) HOMAS ns cn creas ks 6633 Vermont Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Newiial, Lire: etd y nines eye ener acres cise mst dermeee g Woodstock, Va.
Parkers (REV. NG coe eae cea ned Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
Quillian, TGV WW Pinte ete are a ten ee Wesleyan College, Macon, Ga.
PCO TOS Common ae cout aber eet mee 2403 La. Street, Little Rock, Ark.
Robinson, MONSEOr JOC ren eee ce hen aeerae Little Rock, Ark.
Shangle, PRO EES Sone he hE RIA oY eae Milton, Oregon
SMM ICV. tee Cr eet yan Lariat: 736 Greene Street, Augusta, Ga.
Teele MEM ieiiee Cor ere anette cs 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn.
STG Vr Re tree ec are Giurie c mite ORS [alt tu eau rs eee A Franklin, Va.
SET ATCOR yee eM ot tes at ace tie igre Cy.) SUC mane Ve one enna Memphis, Tenn.
AEVGEy | UGREUNY chr t a cera alate a arate Box 434, Corsicana, Tex.
Wallace mit oe ce Cres Upon helt s Sent eenie oet, Morehead City, N. C.
WiatSGn, Rev. ten Ose va a cine ari 209 Franklin Park, Rosslyn, Va.
VE AV ET Te. aa Gs cede chiar asa oct a RGR ae sae ae Corinth, Miss.
WEDD Re Maree aw iaacag swing UC ute mine Uefa Ge icy Clarksburg, W. Va.
Werlein, Rev. S. H...1412 South Harvard Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.
WIRLONE KEY. Gah De eee tees 107 North 7th Street, Paducah, Ky.
Woodward, Rev. CU. eke s Shomer te Emory University, Ga.
African Methodist Episcopal Church
Ross, Bishop I. N.....1616—15th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.
E Tip Dele) DASTOD, |. Lo) whence aie shee ae aes 358 Houston Street, Atlanta, Ga.
SNCIGOME REV) Fo Rar wan U eee ane Cynthia Place, Memphis, Tenn.
Alternates
Gaines."BishopiA. Lt os 32 1522 McCulloh Street, Baltimore, Md.
POOR ENA CV EE err ee Oko iee ete cnet een ae rele Jacksonville, Fla.
Johnson, Prof. A. J., care of Bishop J. S. Flipper,
358 Houston Street, Atlanta, Ga.
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
Caldwell, Bishop Josiah S..420 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Blackwell, Bishop George L..420 So. 11th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Kyles, Bishop L. W....1612 East 14th Street, Winston-Salem, N. C.
Lee, Bishop William D........ 450 Quincy Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Clement, Bishop George Oui aed 1633 West Jefferson Street,
Louisville, Ky.
Walls: Bishop: Ww Jh vik saetl 614 East 7th Street, Charlotte, N. C.
Wallace, Bishop P. A.......... 522 Macon Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Martin, Bishop J. W....1217 West 22nd Street, Los Angeles, Cal.
Callteus Revi Fld eis bien 310 East Clinch Street, Knoxville, Tenn.
BrownmiuRevs WG wiaialT VA 347 Bridge Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
‘Atingnde?s Simon) Gach voy tous Slater State Normal School,
Winston-Salem, N. C.
RAR VER ee lt, 420 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
TAREE LOLCSSOL aN. adh sole es ete te Y. M. C. A., Atlanta, Ga.
Colored Methodist Episcopal Church
Phillips). Bishop .C.. H....%. . 10828 Drexel Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
WilhamsmBishop RS. ijo0...... 912—15th Street, Augusta, Ga.
LOTTE HeanOD Bo lc. cunt a whe mun ere Holly Springs, Miss.
WODIAG REGU. Al. 0. 5 oo aon 8 9% 347 Madison Avenue, New York City
_ PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 359
Brown, Rev. R. J...... Miles Memorial College, Birmingham, Ala.
Hamlett, Bishop J. A...... .255 Middletown Street, Jackson, Tenn.
WALK Or AR EVs) Si Ste Te 2b nls blo ence Paine College, Augusta, Ga.
Lav Ae We A We Oats sal ssacce 717 E Street, N. E., Washington, D. C.
S. W., Washington, D. C.
BRoxssecoltike Ast. heya Ae 1523—20th Street, Ensley, Ala.
Rrowtinadtevii doy esiidevele a 4912 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
Alternates
Bell, Rev. William Y...... 218 West 130th Street, New York City
TEPER EY TERI Oc oc re cee tl EAs, Springfield, Mass.
ATLere DISHOD RAL a. chs coms 4408 Vincennes Street, Chicago, II.
POL EED PE EGLS Gauls is ord aks. beeiele'e oie Lane College, Jackson, Tenn.
MRT VY ie UN ly Ste Sah ss thal aia alc ere tatalie gia RMMRML LER aE Hele tana HE Atlanta, Ga.
Methodist Protestant Church
Lewis nevi ly Hees. 2844 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D. C.
Moravian Church
deSchweinitz, Rev. Paul...67 West Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Moenca Kt Nevis, Live ls deh. eos 116 South Virginia Avenue,
Atlantic City, N. J.
Romig, Rev. John S........ 1416 Euclid Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
ROMUtHAler, Res NOV. LLAWard. . viuleiis + de snsie Winston-Salem, N. C.
Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.
Stevenson, | Reyiiji iRossiye 0, Princeton Theological Seminary,
Princeton, N. J.
Mudge, Rev. Lewis S....514 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa,
Black, Rev. William H....Missouri Valley College, Marshall, Mo.
Hill; Revs, mdgar se 2... 825 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.
Marquis, Rev. John A.......... 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Mendenhall, Rev. Harlan G.....449 Park Avenue, New York City
Merrill, Rev. William P.....112 East 36th Street, New York City
Swearingen, Rev. Henry C....... House of Hope, St. Paul, Min.
Vance, Rev. Joseph A..First Presbyterian Church, Detroit, Mich.
Walker, Rev. Hugh K..2642 Van Buren Place, Los Angeles, Cal.
Finney, onnaM ais cit kan 1300 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md.
196 Watts OMT chk dal «doe viv wotenc rae Meee ehorelkts oinienainn Nashville, Tenn.
NEE COSMET LGM) A bios Sel ates 1544 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Moore) Nathan .G...8 .sanaaeeanies » Exchange Bldg., Chicago, II.
SOCEr lat. Obert. Foisalas a ales ale 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
MM CRADDIT, IRC V.. “VV Ullatih i. elation cele: Lane Theological Seminary,
Walnut Hill, Cincinnati, O.
Hartley, Rev. Reuben H............ 1409 Park Row, La Jolla, Cal.
Kerr, Rev.. Hugh Te... 20. 827 Amberson Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Elmore uReyiil. Avot. jel sks 153 Pine Street, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Reynolds, Rev. George..33 Pintard Avenue, New Rochelle, N. Y.
Seitiniicews ah. on ti oad ate oo ai 2009 North New Jersey Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Stone, Rev. John T........ 126 East Chestnut Street, Chicago, II.
WVishaermey. CHArles cP ines se cebu k heies So )s0 oameuln Wooster, Ohio
Macartney, Rev. Clarence E....Arch Street Presbyterian Church,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Taylor, Rev. W. R....121 North Fitzhugh Street, Rochester, N. Y.
Hays, Regis, Coos! t.< First Presbyterian Church, Johnstown, Pa.
Radcliffe, Rev. Wallace. .1675—3lst St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
Rogers, Rev. Henry C.....2008 Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, Mo.
360 | FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Chapman; Rev. We Yau eis 46 Beach Street, Bloomfield, N. J.
‘Herrick, Dr. Cheesman A...... Girard. College, Philadelphia, Pa.
# Steitter,! Bernard (Coo. es... 1631 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md.
A S¥NAOtE ee oma We ee oe, Wenonah, New Jersey
Williamson), O; Rivi.t. 509 South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, IIl.
' Agnew, George B. ......... 121 East 69th Street, New York City
Manson, John T....First National Bank Bldg., New Haven, Conn.
Loess) Neo aR Lk 3608. Jackson Street, Omaha, Neb.
FAVS WY LL ELS Vora isola Webs 522 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Bryana Hons wilham: Pennings eno a ipa Miami, Florida
CE NIGH eSe VED CEOS EIEN, HAND ete 131 State Street, Trenton, N. J.
CROOGMICH A ATIOS rey waht Mean bly wipe mule ean Winchester, Indiana
Alternates
Alexander, Rev. George ..... 47 University Place, New York City
Russell,, Rev. Daniel ....... 242 West 73rd Street, New York City
Jennings, Rev. William Beatty. .6012 Greene St., Germantown, Pa.
* Curry, Rev..W. M....... 842 South 57th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Kelso. Revi TamesiAci uo. 725 Ridge Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Jones, Rev. William A. ...... 136 Orchard Street, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Broady, Rev. J. M....1809 Fifth Avenue, North, Birmingham, Ala.
Hulbert) Rev Gil u tie 1316 Park Avenue, Baltimore, Md.
' Candee, Rev. Charles L...... 1141 Erie Avenue, Wilmington, Del.
‘Wood, Rev. Charles..... 2110 S Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.
RAO Eye i VV Teun sins elcmeieiny Shte Ceiuatee Wala a ale les San Anselmo, Cal.
MacInnis, Rev. John M..536 South Hope Street, Los Angeles, Cal.
Boyle, Rev. W. H. Wray..... 1650 Sherman Street, Denver, Colo.
ClarkenRenvAw SuGisg ode ween 917 Forest Avenue, Evanston, Ill.
ZETLOR SA Ce DOU UNE OT Ne ed 2 Chalmers Street, Chicago, II.
‘Haines, Rev. M. L.....1408 North Penn Street, Indianapolis, Ind.
McKean eva Prank) Coe aaa Ce im nn ul Ps ata Spokane, Wash.
EStey eva ilieee ulti ats 819 Harrison Street, Topeka, Kans.
ante, VRE We eed Ne aan 1314 Kresge Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
Work, Rev. Edgar..4614 Fieldston Rd., Riverdale on Hudson, N. Y.
Cherry, Rev. C. Waldo...315 North Front Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
Bushnell, Rev. John E...Westminster Church, Minneapolis, Minn.
Fulton, Rev. S. Alfred...1603 East 9th Street, Des Moines, Iowa
Wilson, Rev. James M....4906 Underwood Avenue, Omaha, Neb.
Watson, Rev. Robert........ 36 Queensbury Street, Boston, Mass.
AGGD OL RCV: EDEN ME .e 0’ pele ate we 1103 Mary Street, Elizabeth, N. J.
MeMillin, RevillBiyNe. ss (cuss 2238 Park Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio
Zorbaugh, Rev. Charles L..801 Hippodrome Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio
abbey i, aie hace aU eta a Englewood, New Jersey
Skilling, Rev. David M...... 226 Spring Road, Webster Grove, Mo.
Bracieyvsi Ls) Hw power, Jae 19 South La Salle Street, Chicago, IIl.
Pollansbee WON: oe yori. Follansbee Bros. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Baer, John Willis ...... Pacific S. W. Trust and Savings Bank,
Pasadena, Cal.
meverance, (fon Linn des veces ...-480 The Arcade, Cleveland, Ohio
Vataimnuames: Ny tei Mr ie i den 66 Broadway, New York City
WV SPEEA YE Lc id silica tad ula wel Ws ante bint id oh RRR 2 Buffalo, N. Y.
Wallacear. (P. LiGi bul) lem tumtal eebine alee automa cian Des Moines, Iowa
McInnes, Walter .......... 3713 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Lansing, Hon. Robert ........ 8 Jackson Place, Washington, D. C.
Johnston, Robert ......... 5111 Raymond Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 361
Presbyterian Church in the U. S.
PIO LOM FAs DE SS, ec eee Rau Wana itn MRT LL NN Chien! Siig
Campbell, Rev. R. F... First Presbyterian Church, Asheville, N.C,
- Campbell, Rev. W. S, Editor Presbyterian of the South, 3910
Seminary Avenue, Richmond, Va.
Chester, Rev. S. H... 0c... 156 Fifth Avenue, N., Nashville, Tenn.
Crowe, Rev. William ......... 5625 Gates Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
ULE PIS CY, Aly bes 0 a sium dork 1730 Glenwood Place, Memphis, Tenn.
Everett, Hon. Willis M......... Ponce de Leon Apt., Atlanta, Ga.
Hutton, Rev. J. B.....First Presbyterian Church, Jackson, Miss.
BPA Pe WOU Lele tao sa wixalsares cault Huntington Presbyterian Church
Huntington, W. Va.
BARI eV ey Ter EA. oko wr atte a anne Box 775, Jacksonville, Fla.
DMGEIOTIGAL OC Wer CELE css vee cael oie dae tele talee dic Jackson, Tenn.
BRGINGID ICON Ui ba Pose e ls slot ieee Jacksonville Presbyterian Church,
Jacksonville, Fla.
Storey, Rev. G. T...Bay City Presbyterian Church, Bay City, Tex.
~ Summey, Rev. George ....3002 De Soto Street, New Orleans, La.
Vance, Rev. James I...... 154 Fifth Avenue, N, Nashville, Tenn.
Van Lear, Rev. John.First Presbyterian Church, Little Rock, Ark,
A lternates
Bova Reve Ci Mw .,:. First Presbyterian Church, Tuscaloosa, Ala.
Caldwell, Rev. W. L....... Woodland Street Presbyterian Church,
Nashville, Tenn.
Clark} Revo’ Melton ee es. Columbia Theological Seminary
Columbia, S. C.
DENS stot Cocylh ae 0 01 NS CULT A Pe a ea RUG SAR Sanford, Fla.
Dar Bosem Rewickis (Woe le Spartanburg Presbyterian Church,
Spartanburg, S. C.
Glasgow, Rev. S. M..First Presbyterian Church, Knoxville, Tenn.
PAM COM EER sere eke a sae awit lee ate relaatel ats tas San Antonio, Texas
PACE ACO eee SLs ea lor aa ste: ola eat e wibih wisle'e ate c Winchester, Va.
McMillan, Rev. Homer..Room 613—101 Marietta St., Atlanta, Ga.
Miller, Hon. E. T..Law Dept.—St. Louis, San Francisco Railway
REL ESCCHESUIIICLINI eu SEC nate Ue Nhs Bs CA St. Louis, Mo.
Ogden, Rev. D. H.....Government Street Presbyterian Church,
Mobile, Ala.
RGDSSTSOM REV i bcos ure Ge iditin blo alate OTs he ale Shelbyville, Tenn.
Smith, Rev. E. E.....First Presbyterian Church, Owensboro, Ky.
Thompson, Rev. Ernest......... Charleston Presbyterian Church,
Charleston, W. Va.
AVieleneWVitiCalvitt jin eles Saeie oR cl ewss.cis'c a ste elem a Jackson, Miss.
Wells, Rev. J. M..Columbia Theological Seminary, Columbia, S. C.
Primitive Methodist
SIMNGIOE! RCV Esta cle vielenie ea Se ulenihe s Billerica Center, Mass.
Pia Paraeie |) Rew.) LON Rises sae tlic nas o ee'emakttnials Platteville, Wis.
OU RMOEE Ode NV adic cee cht x ira'e ls ches 6p a luleret baie a Hos Olyphant, Pa.
COP ECR is 40s isals cee uaahbate 35 Shepherd Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Alternates
Proudeiey.\ John. ..cceseehees. 1313 Union Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Nicholls, Rev. S. T....2609 West Lehigh Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brierley, Tom ..... eg! 464 Coggeshall Street, Fall River, Mass.
AdamsstBys. cok eet 358 East Northampton Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
362 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE’ CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Protestant Episcopal Commission on iene Unity and Depart-
ment of Christian Social Service
Talbot, Rt. Rev. Ethelbert. .825 Delaware ae S. Bethlehem, Pa.
Darlington, Rt. Rev. James H..321 No. Front St., Harrisburg, Pa,
Birckhead, Rev. Hugh.......... Emmanuel Church, Baltimore, Md.
Gilbert, Rev. Charles K....416 Lafayette Street, New: York City
Lathtop, Rey Ge’ Nees 281. Fourth Avenue, New York City
. Mann, Rt. Rev. Alexander...... 325 Oliver Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
~ Washburn, Very Rev. Henry B..3 Mason St., Cambridge, Mass.
Glenn. Ton Ma pon i 130 East 22nd Street, New York City
RIMIERISH EA I SNESUILCOTL, cetevedey tock otelai cts 32 Nassau Street, New York City
‘Brent, Rt. Rev. Charles H...... 237 North Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
Bowie, Rev. W. Russell..Grace Episcopal Church, 802 Broadway,
New York City
Guerry, Rt. Rev. William Alexander.............. Bishop’s Office,
Charleston, S. C.
_Fosbroke, Very Rev. Hughell E. W......... General Theological
Seminary, New York City
Freeman, Rt. Rev. James E.. . _Bishop’s House, Cathedral Close,
. Washington, D. C
Robbins, Very Rev. Howard C...Cathedral of St. John the Divine,
* New York City
oi CIOL Maha iets ie il Le Leighton Road, Wellesley, Mass.
‘., Sargent, Mrs. G. P. T....306 State St., S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.
‘Stirs Lacy oo ieaur hie tae ‘,.66 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass.
Pa WITOLOte ee im evn ED DOU rba nt MOM Man io aa LOG uta Kensington, Md.
Rimerolday Giorida niga un ioe etbuilite tate fatal a ie atc Knoxville, Tenn.
Goodwin, Rev. W. A. .R.......;....... William and Mary College,
Williamsburg, Va.
Alternates .
PCAN ONE Mee NAA creas erate & aie 281 Fourth Avenue, New York City
Brackett, Dr. Jeffrey R..220 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass.
Carpenter, Mildred............ 281 Fourth Avenue, New York City
Thomas, Rt. Rev. Nathaniel S...... Ivinson Hall, Laramie, Wyo.
Wise RtauNev., PAMES. Ma ey evn Bishop’s House, Topeka, Kans.
Page, Rt. Rev. Herman....63 East Hancock Ave., Detroit, Mich.
INagsniinev. IN. Bis iae. egos Ue ee 6 Phillips Place, Cambridge, Mass.
Clark, Rev. W. J. Loaring....281 Fourth Avenue, New York City
Moulton, Rt. Rev. Arthur W.......... 444 East Ist South Street, .
Salt Lake City, Utah
Bratton, Rt. Rev. Theodore DuBose..Battle Hill, Jackson, Miss.
Nelson, Rev. Frank H...... 318 East Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio
Whitmore, Rev. Holmes...... St. Paul’s Church, Milwaukee, Wis.
Barber Courtenay...... 122 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IIl.
iene ie. Cle ire bas same 75 Conant Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
TACMAATIS LOUIS Coeur ed oe a ee ie dae ....Indianapolis, Ind.
Waterworth, James A..14 N. Kings Highway Blvd., St. Louis, Mo.
Nearer. Vv arretcccac eee P. O. Box 206, New Orleans, La.
Sindee ice Lancs ai a oe ae lt 318 East 4th Street, Cincinnati, O.
Hono eeayy,. Ovscaeer eee aes 260 South 4th Street, Columbus, O.
Coen hear A i ee eh ek PIPL ie caer’ North Adams, Mass.
Wiastieie? My ia, Sa Se ik i Ce, Harrisburg, Pa.
Melish, Rev. J. Howard..126 Pierrepont Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
EnehsheHe DD. Woe warez 7110 Thomas. Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pa.
PERSONNEL OF ‘THE COUNCIL } 363
Reformed Church in America
COWES, IRCY.50,U WW ke sb cecbe wtam ea tes North Bergen, New Jersey
Vennema, Rev. Ame ..............11 Reid Avenue, Passaic, N. J.
Voorhees, Rev. O. M....... 145 West 55th Street, New York City
SECLEM REVEL Cobbs okie wis oats sa heiahaliicna aaa teee tL Kingston, New York
Kuizenga, Rev. John E........ 4 East 14th Street, Holland, Mich.
Lenington, Rev. G. C......... 25 East 22nd Street, New York City
Dykstra, Rev. John A...... 231 Lyons Street, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Alternates
EGU LL alge ca S19 afi a Bt B OD SCOR IUAD ee mae TON ns tle Se ade ph Claverack, N. Y.
PERS CT Sere. PST OTTY ier sa oc head el uigw on b he een Holland, Mich.
OWES RIO ee Ea ote ache oe 6 a weal an ed Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
PP OTIMSOM TT ERCCUS ATLIIUE® 6. o55 succes wbuisge de sais owls Hackensack, N. J.
TOs Ce ar aA DOLE 1a, % mis nwie's 34 Maple Avenue, Warwick, N. Y.
Harmeling, Rev. Henry........ 24 East 107th Street, Chicago, III.
Broek, Rev. Albertus T...137 South 6th Street, Mt. Vernon, N..Y
Reformed Church in the U. S.
Term expires 1925
' Schaeffer, Rev. Ci Eu... 5: 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Apple, Rev. PELL ON ee ree See ae eae eee Oe es Lancaster, Pa.
Christman, Rev.: H. fi. 5 ile Ra ..15 Seminary Avenue, Dayton, O.
Miller, Rev. R. WESWSS. 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Darms, Rev. J. M. G.....Mission House College, Plymouth, Wis.
~ . Term expires 1928
Parsley sbarey ics a: 1928 North 6th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Leinbach, Rev. Paul S....15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Herman, Reva lakeoin'?.: 556 West James Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Brown, Peavitigt ic ea 514 Lexington Avenue, Dayton, O.
Miller, Rev. C. E..... eed by nana tee Heidelberg University, Tiffin, O.
Cramer, OV Woda then ns 44 East Orange Street, Lancaster, ’Pa,
Reformed Episcopal Church
Mason, Rev. Thomas J....5140 North Kimball Ave., bia: Ill,
Peach; Bishop Robert WY ake: 271 Parker Street, Newark, Ney!
Rudolph, Bishop Robert L..103 South 36th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Freemantle, Rev. William A....1617 Oxford St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Alternates -
Kearney, Rev. Joseph.......... BO Boxslvo, Summerville, ne he
Sonne, Rev. Edward J......... ,..0952 Yale Avenue, Chicago, IIl.
Collins, Rev. R. W. Russell....335 Orange Road. Montclair, N. J.
Pittman, Rev. Charles...... 321 East 50th Street, New York City
Seventh Day Baptist Churches. |
Bond Rev... A). Goiseess ...511 Central Avenue, Plainfield, N. 1p
Whitford, President Alfred E........ Milton College, Milton, Wis.
Davis, President Boothe C,....... Alfred University, Alfred, N. Y.
Main, Dean Arthur E..Alfred Theological Seminary, Alfred, N. Y.
United Brethren in Christ ©
Batatiinetamed ss ik: ces. sae hes 711 North 2nd Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
Bell) Bishop, W.. M....:.asskons 1509 State Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
Cal relia Se! ii os. oc see ela ti soe aks waa aaa ... Swanton, Neb:
Clippinger, Bishop A. R......... 1602 Grand Avenue, Dayton, O.
Clinnincer ney, VV... , (xs.25 basis ale ks ah beteinekis asain Westerville, O.
Fout, Bishop’ H. H...........800 Middle Drive, Woodruff Place,
Indianapolis, Ind.
364 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
FPankit Reve Wa Re ee ae ay a 1430 U. B. Bldg., Dayton, Ohio
Hough; Revi Si Sone. con 415 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio
Kephart, Bishop C, J...... 3936 Harrison Street, Kansas City, Mo.
WTEC etd Dy bh AM al ad 418 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio
Ware Presbyterian Church
Brerveyin ey Hl. Liye wre a 8815 86th Street, Woodhaven, L. I.
HUCHISON REV UAe oe we 703 Publication Bldg., Pittsburgh, as
McGill, Revit Bete aw 317 Home Avenue, Bellevue, Pa.
Marlin: Revivhiv Hcy coos d eae thee pens R.F.D. 9, New Castle, Pa.
Mootcomerysi Revol) Knox yo lide as ten New Concord, Ohio
Tate n ReEvotl. CLOWALG vlack bis 568 54th Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
WISKBELGUMEWERMV A tory cutie ee 2333 Perrysville Avenue, N. S.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Chairman
BisHop JOHN M. MOooreE.......... 1308 Commerce Street, Dallas, Tex.
Vice-Chairmen
Rev. CLARENCE A. Barzour....300 Alexander Street, Rochester, N. Y.
REVOHN DALTZER. Us ee east 2013 St. Louis Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Revi bi deo WALLIAMS sicouaule ane. 3115 S. Park Avenue, Chicago, IIl.
Recording Secretary
REV. VRIVINGTON Ds (LORD PUN eM Oe ees edie ee ela Hotel Mohawk
Washington and Greene Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Members by Virtue of Article 9, Section C, of the Constitution
Bishop E. R. Hendrix, 3242 Norledge Place, Kansas City, Mo.
Dean Shailer Mathews, University of Chicago, Chicago, III.
Rey. Frank Mason North, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, 64 Jefferson Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Rey. Rivington D. Lord, Hotel Mohawk, Washington and Greene Ave-
nues, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Frank H. Mann, Union Mortgage Co., 60 Broadway, New York City
Denominational Members
Northern Baptist Convention
Principals
Rey. R. A. Ashworth, 45 Bayley Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y.
Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony, 105 E. 22nd Street, New York City
Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth Street, Rochester, N. Y.
Rev. Howard B. Grose, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Rev. Albert G. Lawson, Meredith, N. Y.
_ Alternates
Prof. W. H. Allison, Hamilton, N. Y.
Rev. G. N. Brink, 1701 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Mrs. W. S. Abernethy, 715 16th Street, Washington, D. C.
Pres. C. D. Gray, Lewiston, Me.
Rev. H. J. White, Hartford, Conn.
_ National Baptist Convention
Principals
Rev. W. H. Jernagin, 1341 3rd Street, N.W., Washington, D. C.
H. W. Holloway, Box 287, Helena, Ark.
PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL | 365
Dr. A. M. Townsend, 412 Fourth Avenue, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. I. A. Thomas, 1717 Benson Avenue, Evanston, Ill.
Rev. L. K. Williams, 3101 South Park Avenue, Chicago, III.
- Rev. Thomas H. White, 456 York Street, Jersey City, N. J.
Rev. J. W. Goodgame, 1533 Sixth Avenue, Birmingham, Ala.
Prof. J. D. Crenshaw, 417 Fourth Avenue, Nashville, Tenn.
Alternates
‘Rev. A. D. Williams, 383 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. E. W. D. Isaac, 409 Gay Street, Nashville, Tenn.
Hon. Charles M. Roberson, Shrevesport, La.
Rev. M. W. D. Norman, 1933 13th Street, N.W., Washington, D, C)
Rev. A. A. Cosey, 1407 Farmer Street, Vicksburg, Miss.
Rev. E. B. Topp, 58 Cohea Street, Jackson, Miss.
Rev. R. M. Caver, 700 W. 9th Street, Little Rock, Ark.
Rev. A. M. Johnson, 308 W. California Street, Oklahoma City, Okla.
Free Baptist Churches
Principals
Hon. Carl E. Milliken, Custom House, Portland, Me.
Pres. Joseph W. Mauck, Hillsdale, Mich.
Alternates
Rey. Alfred Williams Anthony, 105 E. 22nd Street, New York City
Rev. Thomas H. Stacy, Sandwich Center, N. H.
Christian Churches
Principals
Rev. Martyn Summerbell, Lakemont, N. Y.
Rev. J. O. Atkinson, Elon College, N. C.
Churches of God in North America (General Eldershtp)
Principals
Rev. H. R. Lobb, Shippensburg, Pa.
Rev. L. A. Luckenbill, Columbia City, Ind.
Alternates
Rev. C. A. Byler, Conrad, Ia.
Rev. F. O. Eaken, West Newton, Pa.
Congregational Churches
Principals
Rev. Charles E. Burton, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City
Rev. R. H. Potter, Center Church House, Hartford, Conn.
Rev. W. H. Day, 25 Court Street, Bridgeport, Conn.
Rev. F. L. Fagley, 289 Fourth Avenue, New York City
Alternates
W. B. Davis, 327 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, O.
Rolfe Cobleigh, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.
Disciples of Christ
Principals
Rev. Peter Ainslie, 504 N. Fulton Avenue, Baltimore, Md.
Rev. B. A. Abbott, 2712 Pine Street, St. Louis, Mo.
Rev..C.-H. Winders, VWoIMs C.:A) Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Rey. A. E. Cory, Gordon Street Christian Church, Kinston, N. C.
Rey. C. C. Morrison, 440 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Tih.
366 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Alternates
Rev. L. O. Bricker, First Christian Church, Atlanta, Gat
E. M. Bowman, 1 W. 67th Street, New York City
Rev. Geo. A. Campbell, Union Ave. Christian Chabot St. Louis, Mo.
L. E. Rogers, 1128 Healey Place, Atlanta, Ga.
E. E, Linthecum, Linthecum Tube Co., Birmingham, Ala.
Friends
Principals
Dr. Walter C. Wiedwrard. 101 S. 8th ‘Street, Richmond, Ind.
Prof. Samuel Haworth, Guilford College, is gy erk
Altereetes
President J. Edwin Jay, Wilmington, O.
Clara I. Cox; High Point, N. C.
Pucane neat Ss ynod of N orth America
Principals
Rev. John Baltzer, 2013 St. Louis Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. Reinhold Niebuhr, 2726 Lothrop Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
Rev. D. Bruning, 1300 E. Fayette Street, Baltimore, Md.
Alternates
~ Rev. J. Horstmann, 7 iz Chonkeah Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. A. H. Becker, 2021 Milan Street, New Orleans, se
Rev. C. W. Locher, Steubenville, O.
Evangelical Church
Principals Nhe ay .
Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, 836 Center Avenue, Reading, Pa.
Bishop M. ‘T. Maze, 1924 Green Street, Harrisburg; Pa.
Alternates
Bishop S. P. Spreng, 106 Columbia te Naperville, Ill.
F. W. Ramsey, 7609 Platt Avenue, Cleveland, O.
Methodist Episcopal Church
Principals
Bishop W. F. McDowell, 2107 Weegee Avenue, ia erin et Ie Gt
Bishop Thomas Nicholson, 34 E. Elizabeth Street, Chicago, III.
Bishop A. W. Leonard, 202 Morris Avenue, Buffalo, INGee
Rev.’ R. J. Wade, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, Til.
Rev. ‘Ralph E. Diffendorfer, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Rev. William I. Haven, Bible House, Astor Place, New York City
E. H. Cherrington, Westerville, O.
Dr. A. W. Harris, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Dr. John R. Mott, 347 Madison Avenue, New York City
Pres. Ezra S. Tipple, Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J.
Dr. James R. Joy, 150° Fifth Avenue, New York City
Methodist Episcopal Church, South
Principals 4 |
Bishop John M. Moore, 1308 Commerce Street, Dallas, Tex.
Bishop James Cannon, jr., 50 Bliss Building, Washington, D. C.
E. Frank Story, Franklin, Va
Rev. L. C. Branscomb, First Church, Anniston, Ala.
PERSONNEL OF THE: COUNCIL .. 367
Rey. J. S. French, 579 Broad Street, Bristol; Tenn.. © |
Mrs. Luke Johnson, 409 Palmer Building, Atlanta, Ga.
Mrs. H. R. Steele, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn.
Alternates
Rev. G. B. Winton, 107 N. 7th Street, Paducah, Ky.
ii ).Rev. M. L. Burton, Meridian, Miss.
Rev. Plato Durham, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
Thomas Mellow, 6633 Vernon Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Bishop W. N. Ainsworth, 109 Hines Terrace, Macon, Ga.
Rev. F. N. Parker, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
Mrs. J. H. Dickey, 1832 Princeton Drive, Louisville, Ky.
African Methodist Episcopal Church
Principals
Bishop A. L. Gaines, 1522 McCulloh Street, Baltimore, Md.
Rev. C. P. Cole, 50 Putnam Avenue, Brooklyn, N? 'Y..
Prof. J. R. Hawkins, 1541 14th Street, N.W., bi eattechee D. C. .
Alternates
Bishop Reverdy C. Ransom, 1721 Scovel Street, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. R. H. Ward, Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. A. J. Wilson, 308 N. 6th Street, Wilmington, aT Gea
African Methodist Episcopal Zion C hurch
Principals
Bishop George C. Clement, 1633 W. Jefferson Street, Louisville, Ky.
Rev. Henry J. Callis, 310 E. Clinch Avenue, Knoxville, .Tenn.
Bishop J. W. Martin, 1217 W. 22nd Street, Los Angeles, Calif.
Alternates
Rev. W. C. “Brown, 347 Bridge Street, Brooklyn, N. ws
Prof. W. J. Trent, Butler Street Y. M. C. A., Atlanta, Ga.
Bishop W. J. Walls, 614 E. 7th Street, Charlotte, N..C.
Colored Methodist Episcopal C hurch
Principals
Bishop R. A. Carter, 4408 Vincennes Avenue, Chicago, III.
Bishop C. H. Phillips, 10828 Drexel Avenue, Cleveland, O.
Rev. L. H. Brown, 4912 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, O.
Alternates
Rev. G. L. Word, Fairfield, Ala.
Rev. N. L. Smith, 4404 Indiana Avenue, Chicago, III.
Rev. A. W. Womack, 2009 St. Aubin Street, Detroit, Mich.
Methodist Protestant Church
Principal
'' Rev. T. H. Lewis, 2844 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D.C. |
' Moravian Church
Principals
Rev. Paul deSchweinitz, 67 W. Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Elmer Galloway, Bowery Branch Y. M. Ye A., 8 E. 3rd Street, New
York City
368 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.
Principals ~'
Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J.
Rev. William H. Black, Missouri Valley College, Marshall, Mo.
Rev. Joseph A. Vance, First Presbyterian Church, Detroit, Mich.
Rey. Henry C. Swearingen, House of Hope Presbyterian Church,
St. Paul, Minn.
Dr. Robert, E. Speer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Alternates
Rev. E. P. Hill, 825 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. John A. Marquis, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Rev. Lewis S. Mudge, Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa. .
Rev. William P. Merrill, 112 E. 36th Street, New York City
Dr. J. M. F. Finney, 1300 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md.
Presbyterian Church in the U. S.
Principals
Rev. James I. Vance, 154 Fifth Avenue N., Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. W. S. Campbell, Richmond, Va.
Primitive Methodist Church
Principals
Rev. Elijah Humphries, Billerica Center, Mas
Rev. S. T. Nicholls, 2609 W. Lehigh 7 AES * Philadelphia, Pa.
Alternates
Rev. W. U. Russell, 313 E. Juniper Street, Hazleton, Pa.
Rev. W. B. Taylor, 443 High Street, Lonsdale, R. I.
Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Umity and Department of
Christian Soctal Service
Principals
Rt. Rev. Ethelbert Talbot, South Bethlehem, Pa.
Rt. Rev. G. A. Beecher, Hastings, Neb.
John M. Glenn, 130 E. 22nd Street, New York City
Reformed Church in America
Principals
Rev. I. W. Gowen, North Bergen, N. J.
Rev. Albertus T. Broek, 137 S. Sixth Avenue, Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
Alternates
Rev. John A. Dykstra; 231 Lyons Street, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Rev. Ame Vennema, 11 Reid Avenue, Passaic, N. J.
Reformed Church in the U. S.
Principals
Rev. Charles E. Schaeffer, 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. H. J. Christman, 15 Seminary Avenue, Dayton, O.
Rev. W. Stuart Cramer, 44 E. Orange Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Alternates
Rev. T. F. Herman, 556 W. James Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Franklin P. Brown, 514 Lexington Avenue, Dayton, O
Rev. J. M. G. Darms, Mission House College, Plymouth, Wis.
_ PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL nie 369
Reformed Episcopal ‘Church ©
Principals
“Bishop Robert L. Rudolph, 103 S. 36th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bishop Robert W. Peach, 271 Parker Street, Newark, N. Je
~ Alternates
~ Rev. E. J. Sonne, 6552 Yale Avenue, Chicago, Ill.
Rev. William A. Freemantle, 1617 Oxford Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Seventh Day Baptist Churches
Principals
Rev. Arthur E. Main, Alfred Theological Seminary, Alfred, N. o 4:
*Rev. Ahva J. C. Bond, 511 Central Avenue, Plainfield, N. J.
Alternates .
Pres. Boothe C. Davis, Alfred University, Alfred, N. Y.
Pres. Alfred E. Whitford, Milton College, Milton, Wis.
United Brethren in Christ
Principals
H. H. Baish, Harrisburg, Pa.
Rev. S. S. Hough, 1430 U. B. Building, Dayton, O.
Bishop H. H. Fout, 800 Middle Drive, Woodruff Place, Indianapolis,
Ind.
Alternates
. Rev. H. F. Shupe, Btterbein Press Building, Dayton, O.
A. B. Statton, Hagerstown, Md.
Mrs. Albert Keister, Scottdale, Pa.
United Presbyterian Church
Principals
Rev. R. A. Hutchison, 703 Publication Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Rev. W. I. Wishart, 2333 Perrysville Avenue, N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Alternates
Rey. J. L. Hervey, 8815 86th Street, Woodhaven, L. I., N. Y.
Rev. J. Howard Tate, 568 54th Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE
Chairman
Rev. JoHN A. MARQUIS.........-- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Vice-Chairmen
Rev. JoHN W. LANGDALE......... 962 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mrs. JouHn W. FERGUSON.......... 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Cranes: S; CROSMAN 8 ad culealec 225 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Recording Secretary
REV RRIVINGTON )L): clcORDU a aa Usk Aleck ine ka lane alee Hotel Mohawk
Washington and Greene Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Denominational Representatives
Rev. Robert A. Ashworth (Northern Baptist Convention), 45 Bayley
Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y
(Alternate for Dr. Lawson)
Bishop William M. Bell (United Brethren in Christ), 1509 State Street,
Harrisburg, Pa.
370 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Rev. William Y. Bell (Colored Methodist Episcopal Church), 218 W.
130th Street, New York City
Bishop:*S. C.. Breyfogel (Evangelical - C hurch), 836 Center A verniel
Reading, bas
Rey. D. Bruning (Evangelical Synod of N. ay 1300 E. Fayette Street,
Baltimore, Md.
Rev. Willard D. Burdick (Seventh Day Baptist Churches), 926 Kenyon
““ « Avenue, Plainfield, N. J.
Rev. Crees E. Burton (Congregational Churches), 287 Fourth Avenue,
New York City
Bishop James Cannon, Jr. (Methodist Episcopal Church, South), 50 Bliss
’ Building, Washington, D..C.
Rev. C. P. Cole (African Methodist Episcopal Church), 50 Putnam ‘“Ave-
nue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(Alternate for Prof. Hawkins)
Charles S. Crosman (Friends), Brunswick’ Building, 225 Fifth Avenue,
New York City
John M. Glenn (Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity and
Department of Christian Social Service), 130 E. 22nd Street, New
York City
Rev. I. W. Gowen (Reformed Church in America), North Bergen, N. J.
Rev. Lit H. Hainer (Christian Church), 37 Myrtle Avenue, Irvington,
at
Prof. John R. Hawkins (African Methodist Episcopal Church), 1541
14th Street, N.W., Washington, D. C.
Rev. R. A. Hutchison (United Presbyterian Church), 703 Publication
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Rev. Finis S. Idleman (Disciples of Christ), 142 W. 81st Street, New
York City
Rev. Albert G. Lawson (Northern Baptist Convention), Meredith, N. Y.
Bishop W. L. Lee (African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church), 450
Quincy Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Rev. Thomas H. Liewia (Methodist Protestant Church), 2844 Wisconsin
Avenue, Washington, D. C.
Rev. Rivington D. Lord (Free Baptist Churches), Hotel Mohawk, Wash-
ington and Greene Avenues, Brooklyn, :
Rev. Rufus W. Miller (Reformed Church in U. S.), 15th and Race
Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rey. Reinhold Niebuhr (Evangelical Synod of N. A.), 2726 Lothrop
Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
(Alternate for Dr. Bruning)
Bishop Robert W. Peach (Reformed Episcopal Church), 271 Parker
. Street, Newark, N. J.
Rev. John: Proude (Primitive Methodist Church), 1313 Union Street,
) Brooklyn, N.Y.
Ree A. B. Russell (Primitive Methodist Church), Plains, Pa.
(Alternate for Rev. John Proude)
Rev. A. Steimle (United Lutheran Church), 174 W. 93rd Street, New
York City
(Consultative )
Pres. J. Ross Stevenson (Presbyterian Church in the U.S. A.), Prince-
ton Theological Seminary, Princeton, N. J.
Rev. Harry E. Stocker (Moravian Church), 331 W. 83rd Street, New
York City
Rev. George Summey (Presbyterian Church in the U. S.), 3002 De Soto
Street, New Orleans, La.
PERSONNEL ‘OF THE COUNCIL ~= =" 371
Rev. I. A. Thomas (National Baptist Convention), 1717 Benson Avenue,
. Evanston, III.
Pres, Ezra S. Tipple (Methodist Episcopal Church), Drew Theological
Seminary, Madison, N. J.
Rev. nae aie (National Baptist Convention), 456 York Street, see!
ity, N.
(Alternate for Dr. Thomas)
Rev. S. G. Yahn (Churches of God), 102 N. 13th Street, gated eal Pa.
Representatives of Affiliated, Cooperating and Consultative Bodies
Rey. wines Rae (Home Missions Council), 156 Fifth Avenue, New
ork City
Mrs. John Ferguson (Council of Women for Home Missions), 156 Fifth
Avenue, New York City
Miss Florence E. Quinlan, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
(Alternate for Mrs. Ferguson)
Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn (Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Mis-
sions), 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Miss Ella D. McClaurin, 25 Madison Avenue, New York City (Alternate
for Mrs. Silverthorn)
Dr. Robert L. Kelly (Council of Church Boards of Education), 111 Fifth
Avenue, New York City
Hugh S. Magill (/nternational Council of Religious Education), 5 S.
Wabash Avenue, Chicago, IIl.
Rev. William I. Haven (American Bible Society), Bible House, Astor
Place, New York City
David G. Latshaw (National Council of the Young Men’s Christian Asso-
ciations ), 347 Madison Avenue, New York City
Miss Mabel Cratty (National Board of the Young Women’s Christian
! Associations), 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City
Miss Helen A. Davis, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City
(Alternate for Miss Cratty)
Fennell P. Turner (Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign
rere i Conference of N. A.), 25 Madison Avenue, New York
it
Rev. S. G. Inman (Committee on Cooperation in Latin America), 25
Madison Avenue, New York City
Robert P. Wilder (Student Volunteer Movement), 25 Madison Avenue,
New York City
Members at Large
Marais) Saitdlenys vackk dee TPemniyye ohs 25 E. 22nd Street, New York City
ARTES WVITIELN « 1.412) cs eahereiegt diele'o wise 1 W. 67th Street, New York City
OMe Ua LOW INO iil Soulalady we seve bin Mies 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Rey, tiowatd B. Grose is 523. ee 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Miss Carrie Kershner. :...°.... 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. Frederick. Lynch................70 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Rev. John A. Marquis.............-. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Hon: )-Garl? BiMilliken:izew 2. seek 2001. Custom House, Portland, Me.
Rev. JohntM ys Moore..)) a... - ...29 Macon Stréet, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Rey. Frank Mason North........... 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Dr LRODErER LL ONCer . - in Gs date Sones ees 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Rev. George U. Wenner..........5. 319 E. 19th Street, New York City
Bishop Luther B. Wilson............ 150: Fifth Avenue, New York City
372 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES: OF CHRIST
‘Chairmen of Commissions
Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony...... 105 E. 22nd Street, New York City
Rt; Rev? Charles H. Brent. . 030 0'...0.. 237 North Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
Prof. William Adams Brown.......... Union Theological Seminary, ,
Broadway and 120th Street, New York City
Bishop George C. Clement..... 1633 W. Jefferson Street, Louisville, Ky.
Rev. William Horace Day.......... 25 Court Street, Bridgeport, Conn.
Orrin: Ro Judd sss .2. Columbia Trust Co., 60 Broadway, New York City
Revi Poaboiknubeli yout Sncegatan ny 437 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Rev. Paul S. Leinbach......... 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bishop) Fe.) .; McConnell iy paces 524 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Bishop W. F. McDowell...... 2107 Wyoming Avenue, Washington, D. C.
BR Oleott a eae ure ant aie Desbrosses Street Pier, New York City
HTS Buona eon wwe ee arian Wersre 105 E. 22nd Street, New York City
Rey, James it Vances a 154 Fifth Avenue North, Nashville, Tenn.
Prof. Luther A. Weigle,
Divinity School, Yale Tiniversity, New Haven, Conn.
Hon. George W. Wickersham.......... 40 Wall Street, New York City
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, General Secretary
Rev. Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary
Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, Secretary Commission on International Justice and
Goodwill
Rev. yore M. Tippy, Secretary Commission on the Church and Social
ervice
Rev. ogee L. Goodell, Secretary Commission on Evangelism and Life
ervice
Rey. F. Ernest Johnson, Secretary Department of Research and Education
Dr. George E. Haynes, Secretary Commission on the Church and Race
Relations
Rev. W. W. Alexander, Secretary Commission on the Church and Race
Relations
Rev. Carl H. Barnett, Secretary Community Relations Commission on the
Church and Social Service
Rev. John W. Herring, Associate Secretary Commission on International
Justice and Goodwill
Rey. B. S. Winchester, Secretary Commission on Christian Education
Caroline W. Chase, Assistant Secretary of the Federal Council of
Churches
The above, together with the President of the Council and the Chair-
man of the Administrative Committee, constitute the Secretarial Council.
Arthur E. Hungerford, Publicity Adviser
Ea M. Bell, Office Secretary Commission on Evangelism and Life
ervice
Fanny Aurill Bishop, Office Secretary Commission on International Jus-
tice and Goodwill
Elinor M. Henry, Secretary to Dr. Tippy, Commission on the Church and
Social Service
Edith A. Trotter, Secretary to Mr. Johnson, Department of Research and
Education
Calla M. Elferdink, Librarian Department of Research and Education
Agnes H. Campbell, Research Assistant
Inez M. Cavert, Research Assistant
PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 373
Elizabeth Baker, Research Assistant
Benson Y. Landis, Research Assistant
Grace A. Mills, Office Secretary Committee on Goodwill Between Jews
and Christians
Antonia Froendt, Assistant to the Secretary Commission on Relations
with Religious Bodies in Europe
Olyve L. Jeter, Private Secretary Commission on the Church and Race
Relations
Dora M. Barnes, Assistant to Dr. Haynes, Commission on the Church and
Race Relations
Lucy Van Hauen, Secretary to Mr. Smith, Commission on Councils of
Churches
Aenid A. Sanborn, Secretary to Mr. Cavert
Genevieve Dayton, Private Secretary
Marion A. MacKinlay, Assistant to the Treasurer
Isabel Smock, Assistant to Secretary, Board of Finance and Director of
the Printing and Publication Department
Mrs. Leah J. Street, Office Secretary, Washington Office, 937 Woodward
Building, Washington, D. C.
CHAIRMEN, VICE-CHAIRMEN AND SECRETARIES OF
COMMISSIONS AND COMMITTEES
Washington Committee
CIR et ee iia a cise Sore cleats viet ie Bishop William F. McDowell
Western Committee
CTIAF ONE. an aL aR tines yea) rs alug ymsaih pees ays aOR ..Dean Shailer Mathews
Commission on Councils of Churches
TRESS waco oo Lis che LAS) «Rata ncn MAR a ane een Leg aim in lRiatie Fred B. Smith
NECERTORY MORI Rie te OS Sats wc delle mieten eee eerie aie Harry N. Holmes
Commission on the Church and Social Service
OE Te fT PLY Sal) Vet a Be i PETA Sol pre Ul Bishop F. J. McConnell
PEC UC OSTIOMET c ew aie oir adhia tee UPd hae Betta ..Harold A. Hatch
PLT OVORM tee aia cte le atc « a'cg wide Renan te el mane tien a's Rev. Worth M. Tippy
Secretary for Community Relations.............+. Rev. Carl H. Barnett
Commission on International Justice and Goodwill
DA AIEEIEYEN, Sal klnses’ ys’ g a. 4: @giahtaie aes wcia twas Hon. George W. Wickersham
PTACE SU MUST INGIE Sc 6. tks Win unite aoe bth seos ate’ ths Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent
POET ESP Mey) th d's mone ty RR pee LE a aie sels Rev. Sidney L. Gulick
Committee on Relation; with the Orient
ITI MPCEIB sot silk Orn ietad sabe Matai ats oss Rev. James H. Franklin
Committee on Mexico
EP PER. ss. sl ane Re eerie palin is the ..Dr. Henry Goddard Leach
Committee on Goodwill Between Jews and Christians
Chairman .......+ eh Uae woe... Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony
DOCHEIORA.. >. cc Seee aah ere E Oa er arias tes Rev. John W. Herring
Commission on Evangelism and Life Service
CHOU re Rees as sec n es WAAAY Soak le Rev. William Horace Day
ice lc AONE Ge hack bk Sesto meted bhes kok eigen oe Wilfred W. Fry
CEI CLIP emt RA sa wiescla a teeketareck & Aitie Ribete pe Rev. Charles L. Goodell
374 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST
Commission on the Church and Race Relations
Chatrerain yo ooo ead Siok PAM a kit ..Bishop George C. Clement
Vite-Chairinan Stee vas oe wae ees see ae Marion M. Jackson
SEETETITIES Mtoe ke ae Rev. W. W. Alexander, Dr. George E. Haynes
Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe
CRUE Ore te acto eto ne Enel te. UL anteeneany Siar? Rev. James I. Vance
Bh Ba SE Bishop James Cannon, Jr.
Vice-C haw TIVE TUS Mies siheceusitel s Uatvelibiisrere:\etavel ate kus Por 1 ville Sloane Coffin
SEER OREM YING EPA UMNO oa NIRS RRR Oar a a DU Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich
ECT ELOTY TN EPO DEM a Uies ern arte et ois aiante tel Bratence ier cheats Rev. Adolf Keller
Department of Research and Education
6 Ti SMR HL tire ea madi ie ve Jae I Rev. William Adams Brown
VACA ROU GOR We. cin bao metab ay CRA RL icte GEAR UBaETe tea Rev. John M. Moore
IY 1101 as Ma TR OE c tage cali Bene Ne Teh ek RSRel Cle -ohhc Rev. F. Ernest Johnson
Commission on Christian Education ve
COTA ENC RN Ole Uk create stale ote hist ae aR Prof. Luther A. Weigle
hel ste tk ence AU up IELUP EN ar aR a WNIAD PLEMN |i Rev. Benjamin S. Winchester
Editorial Council of the Religious Press
CHA MAN) IODINE BREE OE en PE Tn EM aie Rev. Paul S. Leinbach
LEG Teck OU eg 7184 eM RRM ES STP rai +, adie a0 ac fog ye DN AWE sa Rev. E. C. Wareing
General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains
CHOLMUNONAUI Ss Ries Ste Viaheelyen ataiaks aiatetateta ees Bishop William F. McDowell
Vice-Ohaarinan Vio ho are eee ele RR oe Rey. Wallace Radcliffe
Committee on Relations with Eastern Churches
Chat Hie Oe Be ANE ened: ‘aipaaha he waa Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent
Committee on Financial and Fiduciary Matters
ONT 77171 a. ADAMS EA YA RT Uhm Bp fe Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony
Committee on Mercy and Relief
UP TEOUTATTLLTL Vib iat chan altos ake Tatic oh tele phat Oe a aneteae ata oto) Seater nenaten a: Rev. F. H. Knubel
Board of Finance
CRAIN GIG AS keals nh c Ae UR LOIN ANSE (al alien kobe = Se tate aie taht oe Orrin R. Judd
Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone
Chetry tan 8 oki: SEO A Se Spates Signe tied eitha eaa en hatataaes E. E. Olcott
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