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Aa tah) . a Mets a 4 " hg vat i Tek Hal WK CONTENTS Page PACE LACE Se tiche 8 G5 CORNY deece PORT ONG OE POT Hate hie at atti 5 PART I THE SPIRIT AND IDEALS OF THE FEDERATED CHURCHES The Significance of the Atlanta. Quadrennial®,...........0.0+:0e6 9 Samuel McCrea Cavert ne Apdivasipilityson ine pC hurciiet Lilie (ue oe iiee M,C UT the 14 Robert E. Speer Bight iromethe hast. Ton tne. Churcha LOUAY. 4 Wen vsk s eleva ics wereins 16 S. Parkes Cadman more opirituals Value, Of7 Cooperation eavsin bea. fie: 200 Mak ny es Le 20 C. B. Wilmer What Church Cooperation Means toa Layman ............0...0.- 24 M. M. Davies How the Federal Council Can Best Serve the Churches.......... 26 Thornton Whaling Rockwell H. Potter Carl E. Milliken ; Eyangelism iand. Education Inseparable. .....cec30'. eeieds ates a eds hie 29 Henry H. Sweets de DOC bask /Ofs the .CHUrCh In PAMELICA. emote saute ee she ale 35 . Francis J. McConnell fe Church -andsiWorld i Peace)! seca rae BS eon Ot Rae 41 William E. Sweet William Jennings Bryan Florence E. Allen James T. Shotwell The American Churches and the Japanese Exclusion Act......... 47 Cyrus E. Woods A. K. Reischauer The Present Crisis in European Protestantism .................5- 52 Adolf Keller PART II THE PLATFORM AND POoLiciIEs OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL Future Policies in Cooperative Work .............eee eee eee eeees 59 (Report of Committee on Policy) eRe TOe THOM MTEC NOS (ict Seeded ta - ols yt alee pinta p=! \e soe yo elp sun ¢ 0. App = 71 Messave to tue Ghurches of Other Lands. oe ei cee cence ns 75 Program of the Federated Churches for a Warless World........ 76 A Program of Applied Brotherhood in Race Relations............ 82 CONTENTS—(Continued) PART III Tue Work OF THE FEDERAL CoUNCIL FROM 1920 To 1924 u age Review: of | the Federal: Council's’, Service oss... ssin'ye ose cee alee sot te 87 Commission’ on Councils: of Churches 0 po... ecce nae meee em rene 101 Commission on Evangelism and Life Service .............-eceee. 105 Commission '.on ‘Christian: Education} icy. cs ics ee cle rie ares eet 111 Commission on the Church and Social Service ................s- 114 Commission (on T eniperance ty Me MLL eh ee pie eters eee 123 Commission on the Church and Race Relations ................... 125 Commission on International Justice and Goodwill ................ 134 Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe......... 147 Department: of Research’ and) Bducation iwiil.)...0. eae ee ae 163 Committee on Relations with Eastern Churches .................. 170 Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone ................ gel Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook ............... 174 General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains ............... 177 Editorial’; Council: ofthe Religious: Press aii). bo, So oe ete 188 Hugtienot-Walloon \Tercentenary (02. 6). sade wale fede enka cess 189 Washington Committee ........ Weslo eae lets 6 ecitel oC SUN dimen Seka Seen see cias 196 Western: Committee i covers amie tate m 6 ead ef ole ca iemee ataec natant seem 200 Statements of Affiliated, Consultative and Cooperating Bodies Home Missions ‘Council Woes acne ac). enolate Manan ciate Pec erent 203 Council! of); Women: for’ Home: Missions (ouvir eiaisuen ee ciate ose 205 Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions ........... 208 Gouncil of Church (Boardsiarimducation i iace wenicece tien ce eueee 210 American Bible Soctety i) sale ainy delice ee he et nae ea 212 International Committee of the Young Men’s Christian Associa- CLOTS foie sto's alae 2 whole WLU ALU auaaerl IMR YAt ig ark cg te aR 215 National Board of the Young Women’s Christian Associations.. 219 Committee on Cooperation in Latin America .................. 222 Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions ........... 228 PART IV RECORDS OF THE QUADRENNIUM Minutes of Joint Meeting of the Executive and the Administrative Committee, ;/December S19 24.r nn es bias de Og cian See 233 Minutes of Quadrennial Meeting, December 3-9, 1924.............. Pa Y Report\of the Credentials; Committees. Yasue d. U8 ane eek eneen 271 Minutes of Meeting of Executive Committee, December 9, 1924.... 283 Digest of Minutes of Executive Committee during Quadrennium.... 284 Digest of Minutes of the Administrative Committee during 1924.... 302 Report of the: Board\of) Binancesaage tee Ohh na seo nr rene 324 Report of the Treasurer ...... AMIS ONE shored ei tin cle sidtcle Mewes CNP eo aa APPENDICES I. Act of Incorporation, Plan of Federation and By-Laws........ 343 {I, Personneljof' the Conncil os aewa cieae ek coe ee 350 PREFACE e HIS volume is an interpretation and a rec- | ord of the work of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America from 1920-1924 as reviewed at the Quadrennial Meet- ing of the Council at Atlanta, Ga., December 3-9, 1924. Taken in connection with the state- ments made by other cooperating bodies, this re- port is a most: important survey of the inter- denominational movement in the Churches. The material presented in Part I constitutes an interpretation of the spirit and aims of the federated Churches as presented by distinguished speakers at the Atlanta meeting. It is greatly regretted that limits of space forbid the printing of more than a few of the many inspiring ad- dresses and necessitate the printing of those few in greatly abbreviated form. Part II includes the official messages issued by the Council. Part III consists of reports of the various commissions of the Council, and Part IV is a record of the proceedings. het d's al Gon CONSTITUENT BODIES of the FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN AMERICA Created in 1908 by the official action of the denominations, in order “more fully to manifest the essential oneness of the Christian Churches of America in Jesus Christ as their divine Lord and Saviour and to promote the spirit of fellowship, service and cooperation among them.” Northern Baptist Convention National Baptist Convention Free Baptist Churches Christian Church Churches of God in N. A. (General Eldership) Congregational Churches Disciples of Christ Friends Evangelical Church Evangelical Synod of N. A. Methodist Episcopal Church Methodist Episcopal Church, South African M. E. Church African M. E. Zion Church Colored M. E. Church in America Methodist Protestant Church Moravian Church Presbyterian Church in the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South) Primitive Methodist Church Protestant Episcopal Commis- sion on Christian Unity and Department of Christian So- cial Service Reformed Church in America Reformed Church in U. S. Reformed Episcopal Church Seventh Day Baptist. Churches United Brethren in Christ United Presbyterian Church United Lutheran Church (Con- sultative Body) PART I THE SPIRIT AND IDEALS OF THE FEDERATED CHURCHES Wey a Kaen A ee) OR , Paik Pela shank ae re if , , ?, : i Pe Ad “Why “iee awe Lays 4 ’ nt (! a id bata ely THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ATLANTA QUADRENNIAL No one who has observed the life of the churches in America during recent years can doubt that there is an en- larging acquaintance across denominational lines, a deepening trust among the denominations, a clearer consciousness of com- mon purposes, and a greater readiness for cooperative service. In the development of this new spirit the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America has been an important factor. The Council owes its existence to the fact that there is already a genuine spiritual unity among the evangelical churches. Of this inner oneness the Council is simply the outward expression. The Council grows in strength just in proportion to the growth of the spirit of mutual understand- ing and the recognition of common tasks among the churches. For if Christians really feel and think together they will desire to act together. Common experiences require common expression. Common purposes call for common programs. And to act together effectively the churches must have some common agency; not an elaborate or highly centralized organi- zation, but at least some simple body through which to mani- fest to the world their unity of spirit. It was the recognition of this truth that led twenty-eight denominations, sixteen years ago, to create the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America in order “to manifest the essential one- ness of the Christian Churches of America in Jesus Christ as their divine Lord and Savior.” The task is not so much to create a spirit of unity—that spirit already exists—as to provide for its more adequate ex- pression, The existence of such an agency as the Federal Council of the Churches, however, which seeks to manifest the existing spirit of unity and trust among the denominations, tends constantly to the enriching and deepening of that spirit. By joining hand with hand in common tasks we come to a larger mutual understanding and greater confidence in one another and are thereby prepared for the further programs of coopera- tion that lie ahead. When John Wesley said to a Christian who belonged to another group than his own, “If thy heart be as my heart give me thy hand,” he was voicing unconsciously the purpose and spirit of the Federal Council of the Churches and at the same time suggesting the way in which the largest possible measure of fellowship and trust could be secured. 9 10 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST A Spiritual Question It would be a mistake to think of the Federal Council of the Churches as existing simply for the sake of greater effi- ciency in work. Its significance is deeper, reaching down into the spiritual realm. Each denomination has something to con- tribute to the richness of our total apprehension of Christ and His Church. Each denomination has something to learn from the others. Our fullest vision of Christ will not come to us apart from our sharing in the vision and the experience of others. The corporate life of the whole is’ necessary to the richness of life in each of the parts. For “there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit. And there are diversities of min- istrations, but the same Lord. ... For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of the body, being many, are one body; so also is Christ... . And those members of the body which we think to be less honorable, upon these we bestow more abundant honor; and our uncomely parts have more abundant comeliness. . . . And whether one member suffer, all the members suffer with it ; or one member is honored, all the members rejoice with it.” It would be equally a mistake to overlook the practical ne of such cooperation as is made possible through an organiza- tion like the Federal Council. Each denomination is stronger because of the support of the others, because of the lessons learned from the others’ experience, because of the conscious- ness of being a part of one great Christian movement. “Not alone we conquer, Not alone we fall; In each gain or triumph, Lose or triumph all.” The increased power which might come to the churches and their enlarged influence upon all the life of the world which might come from their growing solidarity was fully recognized by those who created the Federal Council when they declared in its Constitution that one of its purposes is “to secure a larger combined influence for the Churches of Christ in all matters affecting the moral and social condition of the people so as to promote the application of the law of Christ to every relation of human life.” The significance of the Federal Council, both from the standpoint of advance toward larger unity and also from the angle of practical service, was set in a clearer light by the Quadrennial Meeting of the Council at Atlanta December 3-9. The sessions were characterized by the presence of outstanding THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE QUADRENNIAL 11 leaders in each of the twenty-eight denominations, including presiding officers of a dozen denominations, a score of bishops, distinguished laymen and many other notable leaders in the Christian life of the country. What occupied their attention? Not differences of theolog- ical view or of ecclesiastical polity, but great common tasks. How to make Jesus Christ the Lord of every human life and of all of life—this was the primary concern of all, and in that concern they found themselves no longer separated groups but members alike of the one family of Christ. Great Common Tasks The problem of Christianizing our race relationships was especially to the fore. The question of cooperation, justice and good will between the white and Negro peoples was discussed with the utmost candor and sympathy. Outstanding Southern leaders like Dr. M. Ashby Jones, of Atlanta, and Bishop Fred- erick F. Reese, of Savannah, made eloquent appeals that in our race relations Christ should be taken seriously. Negro leaders like Bishop George C. Clement, of the African M. E. Zion Church, and President John Hope, of Morehouse College, ex- pressed with equal conviction the judgment that the one hope for better relations between the races lies in the Churches making earnest with the Christian Gospel. The world-wide character of the racial problems of today was indicated by the emphasis given to the necessity for reestablishing right rela- tions with Japan after recent immigration act. The meaning of the Gospel for our industrial, economic and social life was clearly envisaged. The message on this subject by Bishop Francis J. McConnell left no one in doubt as to whether the Churches represented in the Council meant to pursue a policy of dealing vigorously with the difficult prob- lems involved. That these issues are of great complexity and demand the most thorough study and wise judgment was recog- nized, and enthusiastic approval was given to the enlarging plans of the Council along the line of research as a means of securing the information without which wise and effective action is impossible. At no time was there any disposition manifested to turn back from the effort to bring Christian principles to bear upon every realm of human life. In the words of Dr. Speer’s summary of what we have to learn from the past four years, “The Churches must not be intimidated from doing what they ought to do because of fear of making mistakes or of doing what they ought not to do.” The demand of the Christian conscience for ridding the 12 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST world of war and building up a Christian international life was one of the most conspicuous notes of the session. The platform for the Council in the international field, adopted after extended discussion, calls for support of the Permanent Court of International Justice, for the participation of the United States in codifying and extending international law, for the pacific settlement of every international dispute, and for international agencies through which the combined moral condemnation of the world can be brought to bear upon an aggressor nation. A drastic reduction of armaments by all nations is urged and “full, open and friendly relation between the United States and the League of Nations, without com- mitments which would involve us in the local politics of Euro- pean or other nations.” The international outreach of the Churches themselves was symbolized by the presence of leaders of the Christian move- ment in many other lands. Among the foreign representatives who were in attendance were: Rev. A. K. Reischauer, of the National Christian Council of Japan; Rev. Adolf Keller, of the Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe, Zurich, Switzerland; Professor Julius Richter, of the University of Berlin; Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Egypt; Rev. H. G. Tucker, of the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil; Rev. T. Albert Moore, representing the Joint Committee on Church Union of Canada, and Sir Willoughby Dickinson, of London, Honorary Secretary of the World Alliance for Inter- national Friendship Through the Churches. Greetings and messages by letter and cablegram were received from scores of churches in all parts of the world. The Spirit of Evangelism Underlying the whole program and all the discussions of the six-day meeting was an insistent emphasis upon the necessity for the spirit of evangelism and of personal loyalty to Christ. At noonday throughout the sessions a series of inspirational meetings on “The Call to Personal Religion” was held, which lifted the thinking of the Council above the details of organiza- tion and administration into a deeply spiritual atmosphere. Not only was it recognized that there is an urgent need for greater attention by the Churches to the duty of direct evangel- ism, but there was also a recognition that every phase of the Church’s work must be infused with the evangelistic spirit and ideal. A pastor who attended the sessions of the Council as a dis- THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE QUADRENNIAL 13 interested observer summarized the significance of the gather- ing in these discriminating words: “The Atlanta meeting of the Federal Council of the Churches leaves on one three clear impressions : 1. That Protestantism is now becoming a unit. 2. That the Churches. as represented in the Council, are strong in the conviction that every phase of life, individual, social. industrial, racial, economic. political and international. must be subjected to the reign of Christ. 3. That American Protestantism is alive, daring and of large vision.” How has this measure of vital and practical unity come about? Not through theoretical discussions as to differences of faith and order. Not through abstract arguments about the necessity for some complete merger. It has been the result of placing the emphasis always and insistently upon cooperative service. When the Churches face together the overwhelming tasks laid upon them by the need of the world they discover their underlying oneness of purpose and spirit, relegate their little differences to a secondary place, and are ready to step out together in programs of practical ministry. If there is one lesson more than another to be learned from the experience of the Churches as federated in the Council. it is that the path- way to the larger unity which we seek lies through the field of actual service in the spirit of Christ to human need. The sure way of getting together is to work together on the basis of such unity as we already have. SAMUEL McCrea CAVERT. THE INDIVISIBILITY OF THE CHURCH’S LIFE By Ropert E, SPEER President Federal Council of the Churches, 1920-1924 There is nothing in Christ that any one'communion can monopolize. This is the outstanding impression that comes to me as a result of close association with all the churches in the Federal Council during the last four years. It is a sheer impossibility to segregate any fresh discovery of Christ that any one of our great Christian groups has made. If any group has had a true insight into Christ and what He means for human life, all have shared in that insight. If any one writes a hymn that exalts Christ or writes a new devotional book centering around Him, no one stops to inquire to what denomination the author belongs. We are coming toa common recognition of the elemental unity of life and experience among the Churches. There is no Presbyterian type of sin, with which only the Presbyterian Church can deal. You cannot denominationalize sin. There is just one kind of sin. And there is, accordingly, just one task, elemental in its unity, before all the Churches, whatever their names may be—the task of overcoming sin through the power of their one Saviour and Lord. We have come to a realization of this inner unity as our Churches have been brought face to face with concrete tasks. There is an indivisibility of our Christian reactions to any great moral issue. Among the many recent evidences of this none has been more striking than the response in all com- munions to the Japanese Exclusion Act. The reactions among the various Churches against such a racial discrimination were identical. The public statements made by the Federal Council were simply a gathering up of the judgment of all thoughtful Christian groups. Or take the resolutions on war adopted by almost all the Christian bodies. If you erased the denominational names no one could possibly tell which declaration came from which body. The common convictions on the issue of war and peace are a revelation of the community of mind among the Churches. Other illustrations, equally convincing, of the indivisibility of our Christian experience could be drawn from the attitude of the Churches toward prohibition, their efforts to relieve the suffering in the Near East, Russia and Central Europe, their new experience in grappling with the problems of race, and in many other fields of cooperative activity. 14 THE INDIVISIBILITY OF THE CHURCH’S LIFE 15 That there are difficult and delicate questions before the Churches as they undertake to deal with great social and inter- national questions cannot be denied. None is more difficult and complex than the true function of the Church in its rela- tion to issues which are also the concern of the State. But the difficulties themselves are a unifying force, drawing the Churches together in an effort to find together the right way, as they cannot find it alone. Certainly the Churches must not be intimidated from doing what they ought to do because of fear of making mistakes or of doing what some think they ought not to do. There are forces that would like to keep the voice of the Church from being heard. We ourselves may at times have misgivings as to what the Church should do. But all our questions as Churches finally reduce themselves to two. The first concerns our relation to our common Head. How great a Lord is Jesus Christ to be? Are there areas of life of which He is not meant to be Lord? If so, then He is not the Lord of all, as we had supposed. The whole of human life belongs to Him and must be brought under His mastery. That is the first issue on which we must be clear. © The second question has to do with the relation of our Churches to one another. The problems which are faced in the Federal Council are Church problems. They are issues with which the Churches as Churches must deal. They are questions on which the Churches must find a common mind and in relation to which they must be able to fulfill their cor- porate and indefeasible responsibilities. We have passed be- yond the day when the Churches can delegate their responsi- bilities to other agencies. We must grapple ourselves with these momentous tasks, and in order to do so with power we must develop a will to unity that will relegate to a secondary place all details of polity and organization and draw the Churches together in a growing oneness of spirit and purpose. LIGHT FROM THE PAST FOR THE CHURCH TODAY By Rev. S. Parkes CADMAN President of the Federal Council of the Churches May we not dare to believe that we can yet discover the foundations of a freedom which is expressed in unity; of a _ catholicity which does not domineer over personal convictions nor usurp intellectual integrity? This is, indeed, the task con- fronting God’s statesmen today, and none can undertake it who does not study our historic growth as communions of the one world Church. I can conceive no proceeding more detrimental to Protestant- ism than the indulgence of useless eulogies or fictitious ambi- tions emotionally stimulated, oblivious to the challenge of past and present. Hence we are conservative of the precious de- posit of our Faith, while at the same time we are freemen of Christ, thoroughly persuaded that where He is there is liberty. Hopefulness, forbearance, a more comprehensive charity, are herein involved. At every point of retrospect and its challenge we shall see the better prospect arising from the dying past, the entwining of what has been with what is to be, the strange fashion in which antagonistic opinions in the Church have complemented each other. The Ideal of Unity The first challenge is that the light of an undivided Church shall shine upon a torn and exhausted world. Too many re- treat from our Lord’s ideal for the Church, not because they look upon it as undesirable, but as impossible. Nevertheless, its fulfillment is inevitable. If He wills her oneness, none can withstand His will. The holiness of her membership is no more vital than its unity in the Spirit and in the organic forms which the Spirit shall ordain. When all believers are thus one as the Son is one with the Father, the world will know that He came forth from the Father. Then will the crying needs of the race be met and its religious hunger appeased. We are denominationalists, but within limits that do not forbid ex- pansion. We are grateful for the manifest favor of God upon our ancestral Churches. We are intent on maintaining their specific contributions to the one Body of our Lord. The new Protestantism cannot be legislated into being. It must grow out of the old as the reaction from its vital impulses. It will 16 LIGHT FROM PAST FOR CHURCH TODAY We thus absorb the historic sense of the traditional Churches, blending their venerable gifts with those of the modern mind. The discipline of Presbyterianism, the reverence of Anglican- ism, the independence of Congregationalism, the intelligent enthusiasm of Methodism, the religious education of Luther- anism, the tranquility of the Friends, the democracy of the Baptists and the contributions of other groups are one and all tokens in us of God’s indwelling, many-sided wisdom. They feed the Gospel’s lamp with beaten oil, so that its rays illuminate diversified human temperaments and conditions. But the Life- principle, which vivifies and transmutes them into something better, should dominate all these types. God must be honored and men must be saved by the inclusiveness, the firmness and the flexibility of our faith. Light from the Apostolic Church Protestantism today is challenged by the noble example of the evangelizing zeal of the Apostolic Churches. A second golden age waits upon our absolute abandonment to the exam- ple of these earlier disciples and their successors. We are wont to insist that Protestantism is the offspring of their purer faith. Let us at least be consistent and cease from armchair or pulpit claims till we have re-enacted the Apocalypse of those who, seeing all souls regenerate in Christ, revolutionized history when Pagan intellectualism and its political jurisdiction were at their meridian. The Christian sense of sufficiency and superi- ority made the Church of the Fourth Century visible to all men as a divine creation, whose ministry reached from the Euphrates in the East to Hadrian’s Wall in the West. They carried eras of salvation in their hearts and empires of grace in their brains. They forced the proudest social sovereignty to bow to the reign of the Crucified One. Though this al- legiance was adulterated, it was a vast improvement on the loyalties it supplanted. An admonitory phase of the Apostolic communions is per- missible. One by one they lost their first love and drifted into barren controversies or fanatical groups. Though called and chosen at the dawn of the world’s eternal light, they quit the field before the fight was won. These holy fellowships of Asia Minor, whose very names are in all men’s ears, to which the epistles of the New Testament were originally sent, are now extinct. Their candlesticks have been removed from be- fore the sapphire throne. Their fate warns us that every branch must not only be grafted into the Vine and be filled with its celestial juices; it must also bear fruit or be cut down. 18 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Light from the Mediaeval Church When the great figures of the Middle Ages pass in review— pontiffs like Hildebrand, preachers like St. Bernard, thinkers like St. Thomas, saints like St. Francis—we should not gloat over their errors, but heed their ideals. They dramatized the Faith in the social life of their time, so that it became vivid and real to all ranks and conditions of men. Above everything else, sacerdotalists though they were to a man, they brought a foul and turbulent feudalism to its knees before the Cross. It is as though they said to us in this day of contentions and irreligion: “You are the heirs of our supposedly irrational age who enjoy, as you declare, the light of Sinai and Calvary in an effulgence withheld from us. For the sake of God and the Brotherhood, let it shine. By its searching, expose the militarism which threatens to sink your social order in a sea of blood. Curb the chauvinists who run amuck as we curbed predacious barons and monarchs who wrecked our peace. Breathe into the countless inventions of your gigantic indus- trial machinery the spirit which enabled our guild workmen to put themselves into the product of their toil. Restore to the Kingdom of our Eternal Father the glories of imagination, literature, art and architecture. What science, what beauty, what goodness we had we consecrated to Him. From you, to whom so much more of these bounties has been given, He requires proportionately more. The World’s Need for Light As those who hold that Christian truth is summed up in Christ’s person, Christian character in His example, Christian morality in His teaching, we have to ask, what shall be the attitude of the Church toward economics, secularism, war? These are some of the chief problems before us. Concerning economics, the debate would be clarified if the Christian spirit of amity and moderation were injected into it. Capitalists are not all “bloated spiders of hell,” nor all workers conspirators against public welfare. Ownership is not an un- forgivable sin, nor profitable commerce a blight upon humanity. The growth of the social conscience, the increased self-respect of every sort of worker, the determination in certain circles that the Golden Rule shall take the place of some dubious and other infamous maxims that hitherto have governed economics are exceedingly healthy symptoms. The Church believes in the steady elevation of the economic order. She also believes that LIGHT FROM PAST FOR CHURCH TODAY 19 by its very nature it is and must remain subordinate to spiritual realities and that human values are to be supreme. Concerning secularism, she records her witness that what- ever in the totality of human affairs cannot be related to the teaching of Jesus is injurious. The Western nations are pecu- liarly susceptible to this drift from the unseen and eternal. The present plight of the Western world, without a major poet, philosopher or master artist, bespeaks its inmost im- potence. Much thinking on these issues is abortive. It stresses nationalism as the assessor of the human struggle and indi- viduality as only so much available stuff for the apotheosis of the State. It insists that a country’s substance, expansion and pride are the articles of an infallible creed to be implicitly accepted by the people. If among non-Christians you can find superstitions more inimical to progress than those which would make us puppets of a soulless State, I wish you would name them. Those who resent these insolent assumptions may be sure that the New Testament sustains them. Numerous cliques deplore the fact that religion is more in- terested in defeating the real devil of armed conflict than in minding what they call “its own business.” What, may one ask, is religion’s business, if war upon war cannot be so defined? Who has the obligation to resist armed violence if we do not? Who, again, can ponder the political courses run by the pre-war world without a sense of inexpressible shame and repugnance? Nor will there be any improvement of the conditions which cause war until the Church has rediscovered her unity in a crusade against it. Some are so far ahead in their protest as to be nearly out of sight of a practical eye. You may urge that they ignore realities and therefore cannot hope to exercise any influence over them. I am, nevertheless, of the opinion that the radical wing of pacifism is doing a needed service for both Church and State. The advance guard sees the end from the beginning; they seize and hold aloft the splendid vision of peace which belongs to the Mount of Light. We cannot afford to rebuke them and leave dangerous and mis- leading chatter about “preparedness” free to circulate. Here is a supreme opportunity to win the respect and confi- dence of alienated millions. Nay, more! Here is an acid test of the Churches as a federated social force. Can they so present in themselves and impress upon the political State the incontrovertible advantages of reason over physical supremacy and of righteousness over armed might as to subdue the preju- 20 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST dices and hates of mankind and the militaristic dogmas de- rived from them? God arranges the chronometry of our spirits so that their striking hours, however delayed by thousands of silent mo- ments, shall summon us to let His light shine. The hour has struck for the condemnation of war. What is our response? Are we to trim; to look upon nailing our colors to the mast as a bit of delusive heroics? Or are we to believe that any action we take cannot but be right if, in the presence of a lower principle, it follows a higher? To do otherwise denies the living God in our midst. Across the tumults of the times we hear His word, which is the response to our adventure in His cause: “Arise, shine, for thy light is come and the glory of the Lord has risen upon thee.” THE SPIRITUAL VALUE OF COOPERATION By Pror. C. B. WILMER University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn. In order to base what I have to say on the eternal truth of God, let me begin by quoting what St. John says in his first epistle. First of all, we have the message: “God is light and in Him is no darkness at all. If we say that we have fellow- ship with Him and walk in darkness, we lie and do not tell the truth.” What it is to walk in darkness is told us in another place in the same epistle: ““He that sayeth he is in the light and hateth his brother, is in the darkness even until now . . . and walketh in darkness and knoweth not whither he goeth.” But, “if we walk in the light as He is in the light,” two things follow. 1. The first is, we have fellowship one with another. There can be no such thing as full and genuine fellowship with God if we have not fellowship one with another. And “Hereby know we that we have passed from death unto life because we love one another.” That is only a partial and impure loyalty to any cause which does not involve and spon- taneously long for fellowship and cooperation with other de- votees of the same cause. Self-love has somewhere taken the place of love of the cause, be it art or love of country or of the Kingdom of God. Or else, the cause is too narrowly interpreted, as it is when THE SPIRITUAL VALUE OF COOPERATION 21 one’s ideal is individual salvation instead of the kingdom and righteousness of God or the promotion of one’s own denomina- tion. And it is just when we try to live as we pray—for the com- ing of the Kingdom of God—that the real practical meaning of fellowship comes to light. I raise no controversial question concerning matters purely ecclesiastical when I say that the Church of Christ should strive, or, if you like, the disciples of Christ together should strive for the doing of the will of the Father on earth as it is in heaven. “If we walk in the light as He is in the light we have fellow- ship one with another.” That is the first consequence. 2. But there is another consequence: “The blood of Jesus Christ cleanseth us from all sin.” Again, I have no desire to tread on anybody’s theological or religious toes, nor do I raise any question concerning the sal- vation of those individuals who assure us that the blood of Jesus Christ has already cleansed them personally from all sin. I only desire to point out that our Lord, in the night in which He was betrayed, took a cup of wine and, giving it to His disciples to drink, spoke of it as the blood of the covenant, the blood which was shed for the remission of sins. You may put any interpretation you think true on one aspect of these much controverted words. There is another aspect of them which, it seems to me, does not admit of controversy, and that is that somehow or other the remission of sins is more than a purely individual matter; that there is some connection between forgiveness and fellowship, fellowship with one another in Christ. And this idea receives corroboration from the words of the beloved disciple, who was there and closest to the heart of the Master and has preserved for us some spiritual lessons connected with that awful and blessed night, not given by the synoptics. One is: “That ye should love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also should love one another.” And the other is that, “If we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship one with another,” and (then) “the blood of Jesus Christ, His Son, cleanseth us from all sin.” Mayhap the isolated individual believer cannot be cleansed from all sin so long as he keeps to himself. And did not the Master say also: “Where two or three are gathered together in my name (two being the smallest number of persons that can gather), there am I in the midst of them”? 22 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Man is not only an individual; he is also a social being. Even on the natural plane, a man cannot be himself by him- self ; and a good man who is not a good citizen is a contradic- tion in terms. | A child who lives to himself finds a certain adjustment necessary when he goes out to play with other children. There are certain faults of egotism and narrowness that cannot be cured, and there are certain virtues, such as team play and regard for the rights and feelings of others, that cannot be acquired except in fellowship and playing the game together. The man who lives to himself and thinks by himself becomes peculiar; not quite normal; what we call a “crank.” And does not all this hold true in spiritual matters? Can a man be a full-orbed Christian in isolation? My own observa- tion is that many Christians become worse than they were before conversion, in some respects; more difficult to get along with; more certain of their own infallibility. It is a relief to get away from their presence and associate for a while with just an ordinary, good-natured sinner—if you know what I mean. Now apply this to the Church as a whole. The develop- ment of normal, well-rounded, full-orbed Christians requires their association together, not merely to pray and sing hymns together on Sundays, but to go out and work together the rest of the week for the Kingdom of God in the world, for getting “righteousness, peace and joy in the Spirit” into all human relationships. It is the realization of that which created and sustains this organization of the Federal Council of the Churches. If any one denomination, Methodist or Episcopalian, thinks itself capable of bringing in the Kingdom all by itself, all it has to do is to try it, to learn its mistake. Of course, no denomination thinks itself big enough for that task. The trouble lies elsewhere; in a false or inadequate conception and vision of what the Church is in the world for. If the Church is here only to provide safe transit for certain individuals from this world to another—to be what someone has called ‘a post-mortem emigration society’—that is one thing. There is then no basic reason why Christians should form themselves into groups unless they want to. The Church has nothing to do with their salvation. But the moment we THE SPIRITUAL VALUE OF COOPERATION 23 realize that the Church of the living God is in the world to put over the Kingdom of God, the absurdity of sheer indi- vidualism or of isolated and independent denominationalism, each sufficient to itself, becomes apparent. I am not discussing the question whether there ought to be any denominations. I am only saying that no denomination is or can be in a healthy and wholesome condition that does not work for the Kingdom outside in the world, bringing not merely individuals to God in Christ, but society itself to the standards of Christ. In the present divided state of Christendom two things seem possible and necessary: one is the work of this or some similar association, the other is that in every community Christians should get together to apply the principles of Christ to the secular as well as religious life of the community and of the world. The specific spiritual benefits that come to the workers from such association may be briefly summed up in some such way as this: Gain in breadth of sympathy and a broader grasp of truth from many angles, learning how, first, to put up with one another, then to understand and appreciate one another, and finally to love one another. In a word, such co-laborers with God come gradually and more and more into a realiza- tion of what fellowship in the Kingdom means; not fellow- ship in one denomination; not even fellowship in the Church of God itself, but fellowship and cooperation in the Kingdom of God, in the Basileia, which is greater than the Church, the Ecclesia, and for which the Church exists. WHAT CHURCH COOPERATION MEANS | TO A LAYMAN By M. M. Daviss, or ATLANTA What I have to say is in the nature of a testimony and, being a Methodist, I feel quite at home in a testimony meeting. Now a testimony usually includes a confession, and in this also I am experienced. Brought up in a Methodist parsonage, | was converted and joined the Church while young, but until I was twenty-four I belonged to that vast multitude in the Churches which we call “nominal Christians’”—paradoxical name. A more correct description would be “professing but not practicing Christianity.” About thirty-five years ago I made a complete surrender of myself to the Master—as complete as I knew how to make, and, although exceedingly timid, I promised to undertake to do any work of any kind whatsoever that was required of me; not to succeed but to try—and I have not consciously broken this pledge. And so it came about that when an evangelistic club composed of laymen of all denominations was organized in Atlanta I did not refuse to be its first president. When the Atlanta Committee on Church Cooperation passed a resolution making the president of the evangelistic club a member of the Committee, I did not shirk what seemed to be a duty. During the following months, as a result of these inter- denominational contacts, of these united forces for service, of Christian fellowship—than which there is no sweeter joy on earth—I began to realize the narrowness, the bigotry of de- nominationalism and the value of cooperation. There were many conditions in this city in need of improve- ment—a task too large for any one Church group and demand- ing the aid of every Christian. And these men, loyal to Christ, working in His cause, were not just Methodists, but many denominations. Heretofore I had not realized the narrowness of my view; my work had been for the Methodist Church and that Church was a part of my being. It had simply not occurred to me that possibly any other Church might also be right. If I learned the Baptists or the Presbyterians had a fine meeting with many uniting with the Church, did my heart thrill with joy? Not a bit of it. I regretted that people preferred to join any but my Church and marvelled that they should do so. 24 WHAT CHURCH COOPERATION MEANS TO A LAYMAN 25 and the question in my thoughts was, “Why take such a chance when there is a sure way?” I know now that the God I worshipped was the God of the Methodist Church—yes and Southern at that! I hoped I was a Christian; I knew I was a Methodist. I am reminded of the story of a little Atlanta girl from a home of wealth and culture who went home from Sunday-school one day greatly dis- turbed. “Mother,” she said, “the teacher said that Jesus was a Jew! He wasn’t, Mother, was he?’ The mother gently ex- plained. After a few moments of perplexity the girl said, “Well, I do not see how Jesus can be a Jew, when God is a Presbyterian.” Most of us would deny that attitude in our thinking, but do not our lives betray it? The coming of His Kingdom is delayed because His fol- lowers are in so many separated groups. When some day we cease to emphasize our own group, and with united hearts and purposes work at the common task, then Christ’s purpose will come to pass, His great commission given to men will be ful- filled, and that speedily. The richest, most blessed experiences of my life have been in connection with the Committee on Church Cooperation; the intimate fellowship of the brethren, lay and clerical, shar- ing the same burden of responsibility and the same sorrow over existing conditions, the same disappointments, criticisms and problems. Loving each other, giving of our best, we have come into a wonderful realization of the brotherhood of men of every creed and color and of the blessedness of Church cooperation. And now I long that all men should see it as I do. HOW THE FEDERAL COUNCIL CAN BEST SERVE THE CHURCHES I. By Proressor THORNTON WHALING Moderator of the Last General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States Evangelism stands in the forefront as the Church’s main and supreme mission, and the Federal Council is serving all the highest and holiest interests in giving evangelism the most commanding place in its program and policies. The Churches expect the Federal Council to continue this wise and aggressive insistence on evangelism with increasing emphasis, vision and initiative. Second only to evangelism in the mission of the Church is the great task of educating, training and developing the chil- dren of God, until they attain the “measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ.’”’ Education is the great word here and all the Churches represented in the Council have recognized over and over again their bounden duty and responsibility in this measureless field, of training God’s children for the service of God’s Son and Kingdom and Church and world. These Churches expect the Federal Council to continue the stimu- lating, inspiring and constructive program, which it always has furnished, to aid in this vast and important work. No careful student of Church-training, education or efficiency can afford to ignore the invaluable contributions to these causes made by this Council. At the present the Federal Council is an invaluable and in- dispensable aid. It is not a Church court enjoining the con- science and commanding obedience. The Council can scarcely be construed as a pulpit from which a prophet or preacher fulminates or thunders with a ‘Thus saith the Lord,” for all the counsel which it gives the individual Christian in these vast realms of business, industry or politics, diplomacy or inter- national relations. I have always regarded this Council as a body of Christian brethren who have come together to study as Christians, in the exercise of the right and duty of private judgment, the great question, how are the ethics of Jesus, the teaching of God’s word, the ideals of the Kingdom to be applied to the social order, that is to the whole of life, business, poli- tics, social relations and every point where one human life touches another. Its functions, therefore, are purely advisory and helpful, not in the way of magisterial or lordly prescription, but of broth- 26 HOW FEDERAL COUNCIL CAN BEST SERVE CHURCHES 27 erly counsel, advice and agreement. In the present divided condition of Christendom the only certain method of securing such an assembly of Christian disciples for joint study and counsel, in the hope of reaching a consensus of view which will be practically influential, is for the different Churches to appoint representatives to this Council, which exists for the purpose I have attempted to describe. _ Let the good work go on. I believe this Council is an in- creasingly valuable factor in our American life and in the work of our American Churches. As a Christian man and citizen I thank God most devoutly for the help and counsel this body has given me in deciding my duties as a citizen and man in a world where there are thrust upon me every day problems economic, racial, political and international, upon which I need all the light I can find. May the time never come when any of the Churches united in this great enterprise withdraws from it to a narrowness and isolation which will bring its own penalty of spiritual decrease and moral littleness. II. By Rev. Rockweti H. Potter Moderator, National Council of Congregational Churches The denominations ought to want the Federal Council to be a means of the expression of the unity which they ought to feel as existing beneath them all and through them all and above and beyond them all. They have need first of all to realize this unity themselves. The divisive and sectarian spirit that expresses itself in competitive rivalries has too long been the scandal of Ameri- can Christianity. We must become conscious of our fellow- ship in the heritage of faith, The Federal Council must help us to gain this consciousness and then become the means of the expression of it to ourselves and to the world. The growth of secret organizations confessing Christian purposes and seeking to effect them by un-Christian methods and so defeating the very purposes they seek, is a nemesis upon the free Churches of America, resulting from their fail- ure to realize their essential unity and the resulting failure to give any adequate expression to that unity. The denominations ought to want the Federal Council to lead them in finding and undertaking those Christian tasks in our country and in the world which the denominations cannot accomplish unless they undertake them together. For the most part the commissions of the Council and its committees 28 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST are now engaged in this very work. If the denominations really did want this desirable thing accomplished the Council would never need to halt or falter or faint in its good and worthy tasks. : | Such are the things which the denominations ought to want of the Council, and which representative men and women of these denominations do want. Let us hope that a steadily increasing number of the people, the lay folk and the pastors and officials, the youth and the men and women, may earnestly want the things they ought to want and seek the things they ought to seek, and do the things they ought to do in and through the Council as the servant of all free Churches for the sake of the Kingdom of God. III. By HonorasLte Cary E. MILLIKEN President of the Northern Baptist Convention; formerly Governor of Maine If our civilization is to hold together under the increasing strains imposed by material prosperity, the character of our average citizen must show the capacity for service and self- denial which can only be produced by the Christian religion. Never was there greater interest in Christianity on the part of those outside the Church. The time is ripe for a great revival of religion. Under God’s grace the Federal Council’s Commission on Evangelism may well be one of the instru- ments which will hasten its arrival. The Churches are agreed that war is unchristian and in- effectual as a means of settling international disputes. I have little patience with the propaganda which seeks to prevent war by pledging individuals to refuse cooperation with their gov- ernments in the event of war. The attempt to prevent war by this method is like seeking to dam Niagara by throwing pebbles on the brink of the cataract. The next great war must be prevented before it is started. The Churches are the custo- dians and trustees upon this earth of the only force that will prevent war by substituting love for hatred, goodwill for suspi- cion, brotherhood for bitterness, in the lives of human beings, and so in the policies of nations. How great this responsibility is, not only for the spiritual welfare of humanity but for the very physical structure of civilization, it is impossible to over- estimate. An important function of the Federal Council is its service to denominations and individual Churches as a clearing house for dissemination of useful information. The Research De- HOW FEDERAL COUNCIL CAN BEST SERVE CHURCHES 29 partment might well consider further expansion of its activities in the direction of preparing and furnishing to the constit- uency accurate and up-to-date information regarding present- day projects of the Church, and inspiring examples of achieve- ments by local Churches or federations. Pastors, seminary students and all Christians should know of the present-day achievements of the Church. They should not only know about the Hittites, Hivites, and Jebusites, but they should also get acquainted with the progress of Chris- tianity among the Detroit-ites the Chicago-ites and the Den- ver-ites. EVANGELISM AND EDUCATION INSEPARABLE By Rev. Henry H. Sweets Secretary of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. Evangelism—making Christ effectively known to men—is the extensive work of the Church. Education—training for Christ and His service—is the intensive work of the Kingdom. These two duties are clearly set forth in God’s Word. The great Teacher sent from God who said, “Go preach,” said also “Go teach.” One of the chief qualifications of the divinely appointed leader is “apt to teach.” Luke in his gospel tells of “all that Jesus began both to do and to teach.” Of the early disciples it is said, ‘““They ceased not to teach and to preach Jesus Christ.” Evangelism without education leads to superstition and fanaticism. Education without the warmth of evangelism passes into cold formalism and skepticism. The two are united in the thought of God. They must be kept together in the work of men. To neglect either is to limit the usefulness and imperil the life of the Church. “What God hath joined to- gether let no man put asunder.” Christianity a Teaching Religion Christianity has always been a teaching religion. Jesus Christ has become the Head Master of the world. All true advance in pedagogy has proved to be really an approach to the method and spirit of His teaching. Paul the great scholar reveals not only marvelous ability as a preacher, but con- summate skill as a teacher. All through the early ages the Church handed on the torch of learning. Luther, Melancthon, Calvin and the long line of their successors appreciated the teaching function of the Church and with diligence and self- 30 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. denial taught and organized institutions of learning. The his- torian Bancroft speaks of John Calvin as the father of the public schools. Our forefathers, driven to these shores by their high ven- eration for the Christian religion and desiring to perpetuate its spirit and aims, planted the school hard by the church. Of the first nine colleges established in those early days, eight were erected by the Church. As late as 1860, only seventeen of the two hundred and forty-six colleges were state institu- tions. | A Serious Problem A great problem, not yet solved, presented itself at the very inception of education under the direction of the State. This became apparent when the doctrine of the separation of Church and State was enunciated in the constitution of the Republic. Gradually this principle was interpreted to mean that religion should have no place in the tax-supported schools of America. The fallacy and harm of this was seen by many in both Church and State. Daniel Webster contended that to the three R’s should be added a fourth, Religion. Not many years ago, Dr. Paul Munroe, in his History of Education, said: “The complete secularization of schools has led to the complete exclusion of religious elements in public education and the very gen- eral exclusion of the study or even the use of the Bible and of all religious literature. Thus the material that a few generations ago furnished the sole content of elementary education is now entirely excluded and the problem of religious education is presented. Little attempt at solution is being made and little interest seems to be aroused. The problem for the public school teachers comes to be quite similar to that presented by the Greek philosophers, to produce character through an education that is dominantly rational and that excludes the use of the supernatural or religious element. For our schools we have definitely rejected revealed religion as a basis of morality, and seek to find a sufficient basis in the development of rationality in the child. Thus one most important phase of education is left to the Church and the home, neither of which is doing much to meet the demand.” It is useless to deny the fact. There has been one saving element—thousands of the teachers in our schools, high schools and universities, have been devoted Christian women and men. There has radiated from them the spirit of Jesus Christ. Their lives have testified to the power of His gospel. Causes for Concern in the Nation Because of the sad neglect of the religious element in edu- cation we have in our land conditions that have awakened EVANGELISM AND EDUCATION INSEPARABLE 31 the serious concern of all thoughtful men and women. Our people have become educated but there is an awful break- down in character. We have taught subjects, but have failed to develop the moral life. We have trained the head and the hand, but have neglected the heart. We have given myriads of courses and innumerable facts about material things, but have failed to teach the things of the Spirit. We have taught the facts of life and how to make a living, but have not put the youth in touch with the Source of life nor helped them dis- cover the real meaning of living. Fifteen years ago, Mr. Edward O. Sisson described the sit- uation in America: “Increased demand upon character and diminished care for the cultivation of character.” He added this warning: “So far as we know, history has no instance of a national character built up without the aid of religious instruction, or of such character surviving the decay of re- ligion. The final question regarding education is whether it avails to produce the type of character required by the Re- public and the race.” Education is a unitary process. It can- not neglect the heart, the conscience, the will, and produce the best results. Only religion can reach and successfully con- trol the deep well-springs of man’s being. The schools are now literally crowded with their enriched curricula. The change in the social and economic condition of the home, new knowledge in the field of science, of indus- try and of commerce, and the demands upon the physical, intellectual, practical and social life of the day have caused the educators to feel that none of the interests of life are beyond their responsibility. They argue wisely that educa- tion is not preparation for life, but life itself. The field of their endeavors covers all the areas of human life. All— except the deepest and most fundamental of all the interests of the soul. In such a crowded schedule, the Church has little opportunity to impart and the child has little capacity to re- ceive the needed religious training. When every other interest receives such careful attention, the student is apt to conclude that religion is of minor im- portance. The neglect of its place and sphere, sometimes un- consciously on the part of educators, produces this impression. That is a wonderfully suggestive cartoon in the Memphis Commercial Appeal of recent date. Ona table are a number of large volumes—‘‘Modern Education,” “Art,” “Literature,” “Philosophy,” etc. In the center is an old-fashioned tallow candle (marked “Our Spiritual Development’’), almost burned out, giving forth but a pale and flickering light. Underneath 32 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST the suggestive picture are the words, “The lamp by which we read.” Causes for Concern in the Church There are thousands of educators in America who have not bowed the knee to any false god. They are sincere, humble, devoted followers of the Lord Jesus Christ. They see the danger, they appreciate the lack in our education, they are carefully seeking a remedy. There is one element that renders the case almost hopeless to some of them—the division in the Church. They see not one, united, conquering Church, but fifty weak, divided Churches. The Church must face this fact, for to many it is an insurmountable problem. In many recent books, on hundreds of pages, you will find scores of other remedies suggested while in a few paragraphs reference will be made to religion, and this powerful agency dismissed with a mere statement of the fact that it is impossible to use the Church in America because of its divisions. Much of this is more apparent than real. Protestantism will always allow the freedom of the individual conscience. If all the Churches were brought together to-night in one great or- ganic whole, in a short time there might be cleavage on other lines. Until a few years ago the schools and colleges were listed as “sectarian,” “non-sectarian” and “state” institutions. No longer is this done by the United States Bureau of Educa- tion. No real college is now sectarian in its spirit, method or curriculum. | There is much more brotherly love and comity and coopera- tion among the divisions of the Church than the world knows. The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America bears eloquent testimony to this. If each division, looking after its own recruiting, replacements, provisioning, drilling and inspiring its rank and file, keeps its face towards the enemy and cheers and inspires and helps the other divisions in its own sector of the battlefield, fighting ignorance, supersti- tion and sin, helping the weak, reclaiming the fallen, leading the world back to God, little loss may be sustained. In this way, too, the breaches will be healed and almost imperceptibly may we discover a united, compact Church of the living God. Calls for Action The Church must awake out of its sleep. It must perform its own God-given task more thoroughly.. It must lend the full measure of its united help to the home and to the school. The home must be more seriously impressed with its incom- EVANGELISM AND EDUCATION INSEPARABLE 33 parable task. The instruction in the home is of vital impor- tance. The spirit there inculcated will abide. A nation cannot rise higher than its homes. What is primarily needed is not the adjustment of the child to its environment but the adjust- ment of parent, child and home to the ideals of Jesus Christ. This means a real revolution in the social and business life of many a church member. The Church should be made to minister more adequately to the spiritual needs of its youth. It should be a place of wor- ship and of instruction. The whole hour should be filled with real messages concerning the unseen realities which will reach the heart and inspire the life of the worshippers. The prayers, the reading, the message from the Bible, and the songs should all converge on this end. The Church should give more careful attention to education through the expressional activities of its members. Christian- ity is a religion of works and of fruits. “Wherefore by their fruits,” said Jesus Christ, “ye shall know them.” It is not a mere intellectual assent to the claims of Christ. It is a “faith that worketh by love.” “If any man wills to do God’s will, he shall know.” The Sunday-school should be taken more seriously and its work made more efficient. All the churches are now giving most careful study to this problem and larger plans are being made for the future. The short period of time for instruction, the meeting of the classes only once a week, the problem of untrained and ofttimes overworked teachers, the lack of co- operation on the part of the home and the poor equipment for the work are some of the handicaps under eich the church school now seeks to do its work. The week-day school of religion is finding favors in many towns and cities. Those who are watching the effort are con- vinced that large numbers of public school authorities will gladly give the pupils of the schools and high schools two hours a week for instruction in religion by the churches. The great problem will be found in securing suitable, trained teachers. If academic credit is given for this study, academic work must be done. There will be a constant danger that the work may drift into the hands of those dominated by the purely profes- sional spirit and method, whose attitude will not touch the spirit of the student. The daily vacation Bible school is utilizing the gifts of many college men and women during the vacation period and is giv- ing religious instruction to some who otherwise would be spiritually destitute. 34 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Already great progress has been made in ministering to the spiritual needs of the youth at the State institutions of higher education. The plan is to provide a normal church at the seat of the university with an attractive and trained pastor. Unless a student is kept in touch with organized Christianity during the four formative years of his university life a chasm so deep and so broad may develop between him and the Church that it may never be bridged. At many universities ‘schools of re- ligion,” conducted jointly by various denominations, are giving courses in Bible and in religion and are receiving the cordial support of the university authorities. At most of these centers the various churches, Christian associations and the university administration are patiently studying the needs and oppor- tunities and are cooperating in a fine spirit in working out a solution. The church colleges and seminaries have seen with clearness the great problem of which we are speaking and have rendered valuable assistance. During all these years theirs has been the voice crying in the wilderness. They have sent out thousands of trained Christian preachers and teachers. They have not only ministered directly to all the fields of education, but have given a steadying influence to other institutions of learning. Some of the great presidents of the State universities are today making the strongest pleas for the church colleges. Notable among these is President W. O. Thompson, of the Ohio State University, who recently said: “The church college, properly equipped and endowed, has the supreme call and the supreme opportunity of the hour.” The Church will neglect these insti- tutions at the peril not only of its well-being, but of its very life. They must be better equipped to send forth the teachers of religion so greatly needed in the homes, the Church and public schools, high schools, teachers’ colleges, church colleges and State universities. Several years ago President Hadley of Yale said: “I do not believe you are going to make the right kind of citizen by a godless education and then adding in religion afterward. The idea is wrong. Education and religion must go hand in hand.” In that notable book by Dr. W. H. P. Faunce, “The Educational Ideal in the Ministry,” you will find this clear call to this most important and fundamental task: “Here, then, is our national peril—that the supremely important task of our generation will fall between Church and State and be ignored by both. The Church may say, ‘Education is no longer in our hands; the State may say, ‘On all religious matters we are silent.’ Thus millions may grow up—are actually growing up EVANGELISM AND EDUCATION INSEPARABLE 35 in America today—without any genuine religious training. It is time, therefore, for Church and school to cooperate, as army and navy cooperate, in defense of our common country.” Can we do it? Will we meet this challenge? It is a task difficult enough to call forth man’s largest abilities and to drive him back to the limitless resources of the living God. THE SOCIAL TASK OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA By Bisnor Francis J. McConneii We have almost come to the place where we have ceased to talk about the contradiction between the social and the indi- vidual gospel. Truly understood, there is no contradiction and hardly any distinction. We cannot have individuals outside of society, for society is made up of individuals. What the Chris- tian social effort means is that we are trying to seize the social forces for the saving of individuals. It is the duty of the Church to see the actual contradiction in the world between the ideals proclaimed by Christ and the facts as we find them. Everybody admits our right to pro- claim the Christian social ideal, yet we sometimes wonder if a Church has the right to look the social facts squarely in the face and.to deal with the facts as it sees them. I do not think that is a very dangerous doctrine to teach, that the Church has a right to look the facts squarely in the face. Of course, some say that preachers have not this right of scrutinizing social facts because they have had no practical experience. No right, for example, to pass on industrial problems because they are not engineers; no right to estimate social conditions because they are not trained statisticians. Well, I do not know any body of men on earth better able to estimate the human work- ings of industry than the pastors, who are going in and out of the homes of workers and seeing conditions every day; they see industry on the human side, and that is what we are pro- foundly interested in. Moreover, we have to remember we are living under an industrial system that needs criticism all the time, and is safe only as it is criticised and progressively modified. It is not the business of the Church to stand for any social doctrine as such, but it must know the industrial situation, and over against the capitalistic view on the one hand, and the socialistic view on the other, stand for human ideals and keep them in the fore- most place, with equal justice rebuking the one as well as the other when either sins against the ideal. But let us remember 36 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST we do live under a capitalistic system and we breathe its air. Why should we not be unsparing in dealing with it? It is the fact that a man is usually working with a set of assumptions he has not analyzed that carries the possibility of danger. If he looks these assumptions in the face and recognizes that he is making them and sees that we are living under a capitalistic system the danger will be partly removed. There is not very much attempt at direct control of the Church by capitalistic forces, but we are shaped nevertheless by the system—if we want to call it a system—that has fitted itself into American life. It is the old individualistic type of democracy—every man for himself and the devil take the hindmost. (The danger of that system being that the devil is likely also to get the foremost!) We are a nation of social climbers, always looking to the place above us, and we shape our thought by the thought of individualistic success. We do bow to success, there is no question about it. Now the peril is not that anybody tells us preachers what not to say, but that we just know better than to say some things—that’s all! The congregation shapes the preaching in a church. The preachers come to know the kind of address that gets the response of the congregation. A process of selection by the listening of the congregation finally brings us to the point where we say the things which will meet the demand of the people in the con- gregation. It can be a great thing, this power of a congrega- tion to shape a preacher into the right preaching, but it is dangerous. Now, since that is true, let us be very, very severe in dealing with ourselves and let us be very severe in dealing with the capitalistic system under which we live. Capitalism is not going to be overthrown in a night; anybody that talks about America’s being thoroughly radical is mistaken. In spite of our proneness to give our interest to wild things in theory, when it comes to practice we are, if anything, too far behind. We are not going to yield ourselves to any burst of sudden social conflagration. Our social organization, if it is not fireproof, is at least slow burning. So let the critic have his say. Anybody can get a hearing any time for the other—the conservative— extreme in church circles, yet with the man who criticises the capitalistic system it is a different kind of story. The great social institutions of our time might conceivably be converted. They are not to be destroyed, they are not to be torn down, they are to be converted—filled with a new spirit. In the old days the Methodists used to invite people forward to the mourner’s bench and ask them if they had a desire to lead a SOCIAL TASK OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 37 new life. When we can get industrial organizations and labor organizations to take that kind of attitude it will be worth while. . May I stop here long enough to say this, if 1 want to get a report on industrial affairs, I go first to the Information Ser- vice of the Federal Council of Churches. Next the New York World probably makes the best statements concerning the labor situation in the country. I wish to record here my thanks and appreciation and the thanks and appreciation of a great many people I know of to the splendid service being rendered by the Federal Council’s Research Department in holding the facts squarely before the people. Some ecclesiastic may indeed come along, very probably a Bishop, and say, “Now, my brother, say these things about our industrial order, but say them in such a way as not to make any trouble.” Not so very long ago there was an article written and submitted to a publisher. In giving his opinion on that article the publisher said: “We wish you had not stated your social criticism in such a way as to attract so much attention.” Well, if there is to be utterance, there has to be utterance to ' somebody; we do not just say something without regard to whether anybody hears it or not. If we are going to utter truth we may as well utter it to somebody, particularly the somebodies that need it most. It is a travesty on the Gospel to say the Lord sowed the seed of social change and left it at that. To use the old argument, He did not indeed attack slavery in the Roman Empire, it is true. I suppose thousands upon thousands of the members of the early Christian Church were slaves, and yet Jesus said nothing about slavery directly. But when we say that Jesus talked in the abstract we forget the way He did talk. He did talk to the holders of certain vested interests, the Pharisees, who had the same regard for the law a certain type of lawyer has today—thinking of the law as something entirely sacred in itself. Jesus spoke up concerning that system—He talked about blind guides, about those who held the key of knowledge and kept people out of knowledge; He spoke in definite terms that anybody could understand; there was hardly a single abstract utterance in all the speech of Jesus. Jesus was not put to death because He was a quiet seeker for abstract truth, and He was not put to death, on the other hand, because anybody thought He was an actual seeker for kingship; was put to death because He was saying things in such a fashion that the vested systems of that time were in danger if He were to keep on speaking. There are actual social issues to be dealt with at the present 38 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST time, with no mincing about them, if we are to have the spirit of Jesus. For example, racial exclusiveness that will do away with the “gentleman’s agreement” with Japan and vote for an exclusion act, or selfishness that shrinks from making adequate protection for children by a child labor law. What is the use of talking around about all this in a way that nobody under- stands? It is the business of the Church, while letting every individual have his opinion and every man have his own judg- ment, to have these things brought out into the open. Abraham Lincoln expressed a characteristic Americanism of his day when he said, “It is the hope of every American mother that her boy may grow up to be the President of the United States.” We don’t stop to consider such a possibility now. The chance is too small. Likewise in industry the chance is small for any one worker coming to the head of the industry. The line of advance today has to be the general uplifting of the con- ditions under which all laborers work. Now, to get the labor point of view, we must look to the man who knows he is just moderate in ability and knows he has to stay in about the place in the ranks where he finds himself. The best thing we can do for the mass of laborers 1s to show them that the Church really desires above all that they shall be treated. with justice. There are certain elements of fairness that the minister must think of and these must be brought out into the light. Take, for example, these investigators that are running over the country finding out what the laborer is doing with that four hours extra of leisure—since the abandonment of the twelve-hour day. What business is it of ours what he is doing unless we are willing to tell what we are doing with our time? How would we like it if some committee of labor- ing men came up and knocked on our doors and said, ‘What do you do with your time?” Our Protestant membership is largely of a particular class and we ought to be a Church of all people. We are a Church of the great middle classes; we are a kind of cross section of the American people. We have not perhaps as close alliance with the members of the possessing classes as we think we ought to have, but, no matter about that, we certainly have not such connection with those that labor with their hands as we ought to have. The Roman Catholic Church now is the only one that in actual practice takes the laborer’s problems seri- ously. We Protestants pass resolutions about labor, but in the matter of concrete issues it is very hard to arouse much in- terest. The signs are indeed improving all the time; the day- light is increasing, and after a while, of course, it will be much SOCIAL TASK OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 39 better than it is now, but we have hardly started dealing with the problem. Meantime we lose for the Church and I covet for the Church the kind of intelligence to be found in men that work with their hands. Such men have a type of mental training that you and I miss whose hands have never been hardened. Ina school where manual training was being taught a boy asked what was the use of it. A teacher replied, “My boy, remember this: in history or Latin you make a mistake and it will possibly not be noticed, but here if you make a mis- take you will get your fingers cut.”” The man that works with his hands has a possibility of training in honest workmanship of value for spiritual integrity. There are four million workers connected with the organized labor groups and large numbers of them not connected with the Church. It is our business to stand up for the ideals of plain social justice for these workers and to stand for these ideals in concrete and not merely general terms. I plead for the radical in our Churches; I mean the radical in the literal sense of honestly getting down to the roots of things. The radical stings us; he will not let us rest until something has been done. He holds the essentially Christian ideals up high. I thank God for the radicals (if you want to call them that) who hold up the ideal of the Gospel without any too great regard as to what the immediate consequences are going to be. Sometimes the radical overdoes it, but we cannot get away from him with easy consciences. I do not happen to be a con- scientious objector as ordinarily understood, but God forgive me if I try to seal anybody’s mouth these days who seek to speak conscientiously. Let the conscientious objector talk. Those that stand for militarism fear the conscientious objector more than they fear anyone else. I cannot make out why so many Christian ministers say what they do about the con- scientious objector. I heard one say, “I put the pacifist on the same plane with the bootlegger,’ and what puzzled me was that he said a great deal fiercer things about objectors than I have ever heard him say about bootleggers. I can’t understand this ; it is a mystery tome. The objectors may be mistaken, but they are on our side—I mean the side of all who are against war. When you find men who will go to prison for their convictions about war they advance the cause as we better balanced spirits never can hope to do. As to some of our Church resolutions on social questions, they remind me of that story told about a good clergyman who had in his congregation a brother with a high piping voice and 40 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST a gift of extemporaneousness. He was liable to start a sen- tence, not knowing how he was coming out. Called upon to pray, he once started out after this fashion: “Oh Lord, bless our dear pastor. Thou seeest the greatness of his devotion; he moves about always to do good. Oh Lord, may he go up and down our streets like a roaring lion’— Well, he saw he had made a mistake and he started again—“like a roaring lion, oh Lord—DOING GOOD.” When I read through Church resolutions about the awful sin of war, I too often see some- thing that takes all the sting out—‘“doing good.” We start to say something on the yellow race question, the Negro question, and we end with some “doing good” that takes the sting out of it. We cannot spare the type of man who will speak out with- out always thinking of the consequences. The founders of the early Church were always venturing something, risking something. These latter days also are poor days for a smug and complacent Church. We must have prophets, we must keep open a place for them, we must give them a chance to be heard. They do not ask for much. They know well enough that they are not going to be called to occupy some of the leading pulpits in the country. All manner of evil things are sure to be said against them, and good men will join in saying these outrageous things. Gilbert Haven—a great Methodist leader in anti-slavery days—used to get clippings about the terrible things he had said, and holding them up before the office force of his paper, used to exclaim, “Feathers, feathers”—meaning he had hit the mark he was aiming at. The air today gets full of feathers. Various patriotic and manufacturing associations send out great clouds of feathers every time anything like a child labor amendment is up for consideration. The prophetic radical, however, has his com- pensations. If I wanted to pick out three or four men who seem to understand the New Testament better than any others with whom I am familiar I would know where to go to look for them. I would go to men who out of persecution have entered into that fellowship of the prophets of which Jesus spoke and who have come to unerring spiritual understanding out of their persecutions. A picture comes to me from the olden time. I remember that Arthur T. Hadley once said that a particular Biblical pas- sage stirs him more than any other passage in the Old Testa- ment, a passage in the book of Daniel. There were certain men that, according to the Book of Daniel, stood up against certain abuses in the old Babylonian court. They did not make any objections to those of Babylon that bowed before the official SOCIAL TASK OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA Al idols—they were not propagandists ; they simply stood for their own personal convictions and refused to bow down. The king said, “Unless you bow down and worship my idols I will cast you into a furnace heated seven times seven.” And then came the reply, “Hear! O King! our Lord is able to deliver us from a furnace heated seven times seven.” Now comes the thrilling passage—“but if not, we will not bow down anyhow.” An attendant who dared to creep up close to the furnace door to see what had become of the three conscien- tious objectors, cried, “There is a fourth there.” Creep up to the furnace door of a persecution that burns the prophets to- day. Get close enough and you will see that they are not alone. One is in the furnace with them whose presence counts for more than that of all the mighty ones of the court of Babylon. THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE I. By HonoraBLtE WILLIAM FE. SWEET Governor of Colorado I have made the long trip from Denver to Atlanta to ad- dress the Federal Council of the Churches because of my deepening conviction that this body can, with proper support, do more than any other in the world to abolish war. The most urgent question before the nations of the world today is the establishment of universal peace. It is urgent, not only because war is wrong, but because nations are rap- idly forgetting the horrors of the World War. With the return of normal conditions in Europe, the nations will revert to the ancient idea that war is an entirely legitimate method of settling international disputes and not to be regarded with abhorrence. This viewpoint is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States. Recent events strongly indicate that America is preparing for the next war and that the smokescreen of preparedness is being used to lull the people into acquiescence in the most extensive military program this nation has ever adopted. At the recent meeting of the League of Nations, the most far-reaching step which has ever been taken against war was adopted. The nations solemnly declared that aggressive war was an international crime. In this protocol for the pacific settlement of international disputes the forty-seven nations agreed in effect that in the interest of a common civilization, a state or nation would give up its ancient sovereignty in the 42 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST act of waging war and turn that sovereignty into a common pool of sovereignties. It may be a long time before this plan becomes a reality, but that such a plan could receive the ap- proval of the representatives of both France and England indi- cates the great distance which the European nations have come in the past five years looking toward the establishment of peace. It is a matter of profound regret to many that the United States, not being a member of the League of Nations, had no part in the discussion of the protocol. Every act of the League is now discussed by us from the standpoint of an outsider and not of a member. Our criticism of the recent protocol is likely to be hypercritical and hostile, instead of constructive and helpful. Already attempts are being made to discredit it as an anti-American move by the Japanese. It is the duty of the Church to wage war against war un- remittingly and courageously. It was General Haig of Eng- land who said: “It is the business of the Churches to make my business as a soldier impossible.” How many believers in the Christian religion would be willing to wage such a war against war as would make the business of the soldier im- possible? Surely it is most inconsistent to assemble the na- tions for a Disarmament Conference one year and celebrate a new national holiday “Defense Day” the next. Christian people must be convinced that the settlement of international disputes by force is inherently wrong, that it is sinful, that it is unchristian. The Federal Council of Churches declares, ‘“War is the world’s chief collective sin. We are convinced that the whole war system of the nations is unnec- essary and unchristian.” In view of these conditions it is the task of the Churches to create such a public opinion against war that a Christian nation cannot sanction it. The movement to outlaw war is comparable to the abolition of slavery and to the prohibition of the liquor traffic in its appeal to the Christian conscience. Christianity is opposed to compromising with wrong, therefore the Churches should unitedly advocate the outlawry of war as the only method by which war can be abolished. Senator Borah in his notable article on the “Outlawry of War,” in reply to former Secretary Lansing, lays great stress upon the value of public opinion in making laws effective. It has been said that it is the idea of force behind court man- dates which compels obedience to them. Not so. It is re- spect for law and the power of public opinion which induces obedience. THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE 43 It was written of old: “The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done; and there is no new thing under the sun.” Thus spoke the unknown author of Ecclesiastes. Happily, we of the Twentieth Century believe that many things that have been shall not be, one of which is war. When once aroused, no agency can mould public opinion so forcibly as the Church. The Church helped mightily to abolish slavery. It helped mightily to achieve national prohibition. Once the Church thinks straight and unitedly on a moral issue there is a dynamic power in it which cannot be overestimated. It meets weekly; its separate groups are held together by councils, synods, assemblies and conferences—all of them dele- gated bodies. The Church has a virile press of its own. It has great financial resources and its educational function in schools and colleges is very influential. The pulpit affords a forum and a platform for the promulgation of great ideals. The Christian conscience of the world can be aroused to make its influence count for the outlawry of war. When the Church swings its millions of members behind this edict, the days of war will be numbered. Il. By Hon. WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN I am happy to address this body because I regard the Fed- eral Council of the Churches as the most promising organiza- tion of which I know. It is built on the right basis and its constituency is made up of those who exert the greatest influence. The Christian Church is the hope of world peace. It be- lieves in the things that must underlie world peace—the things without which no permanent peace is possible. The Church believes in God, and believes that God who made us, made all men and made them to be brothers. It believes in Christ who died not for one nation or race, but forall. If the Church cannot end war, there is no organization on earth that can. How are the Churches to do this? The Will-to-Peace First of all, they must join in creating the will-to-peace. If people follow Nietzsche in exalting the will-to-power as the one virtue, we shall have no lasting peace. The Church must teach the people to desire peace,—that is the bottom need. It must educate men to understand that it is as noble to live for one’s country as to die for it. The Church must show 44 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST them, also, the costliness of war, not in dollars and lives alone, but in ideals as well. The present increase in acts of violence throughout the world is due in part to our training men for years to kill one another. ; And the Church should warn the people that we cannot trust our military men to decide how much we shall spend in preparing for war. If we were to let our tailors decide how much we are to spend for clothes, most of us would soon be bankrupt! A British statesman remarked once that if we left it to military men, they would proceed to fortify us against a prospective attack from the moon! The Church should help the people to believe that disarma- ment is possible. I should like to see the United States send representatives to the European nations to say: “Jf you will get together, arrange to live in peace and disarm, we will tear up your obligations of eleven billion dollars to us. On these terms—and on no others—will we remit your debts.” I should rather have disarmament than eleven billion dollars any day, and from a strictly business standpoint it would be a good bargain. The Machinery for Peace But we must have also the machinery for peace; it ts as necessary as the desire. Electricity had been running up and down the world, as lightning, since the beginning of time; but only when it was harnessed to a machine did it become service- able to man. Likewise the desire for peace has been long abroad, but there has been no sufficient machinery for peace. What machinery should we now try to get? First of all let us enter the World Court. That is the first and most obvious step. Secondly, we should help to develop a tribunal that has authority to settle all questions for which a settlement has hitherto been sought by war. Our nation may reserve the right to decide for itself what its course of action is to be after a thorough investigation by a judicial body has been made. The point to insist upon is that every question should be submitted. for investigation. If this is done, the decisions need not depend on force; they are more likely to be just, if they do not depend on force. The only support they need is that of the appeal of their own intrinsic worth to public opinion. We would be in the League of Nations today if there had been a reservation about independent action after investigation had been made, and there can be no doubt that the other nations would be glad to have the United States in the League on those terms today. THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE 45 Public opinion at last controls everything and if the Church helps to form that, it will be having the mightiest possible influence for peace. III. By Frorence E. ALLEN Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio That aggressive war be declared a crime under the law of nations, and that its use as a means of settlement of disputes be abolished, is the next indispensable step needed to stop war. Unless war be outlawed, nations must be armed just as men must carry arms wherever murder is the rule. We must enact international law, and that law must include a declaration that war is a crime against civilization and pen- alize it under the laws of the nation. There is now no law, not even any declaration, forbidding war. War is not legally nor internationally a crime. Fighting be- tween individuals, unless in self-defense, is criminal. Purpose- ful and malicious killing, except in self-defense, is murder. Wars are now illegal and criminal only when they are wars like our own Revolution of 1776. We have to make the world agree that international war, unless in actual self-defense, is criminal, is murder. We have certain laws about war, but none against war. There are laws as to how war shall be made, but they do not forbid war. When the international code is written, condemning war as murder, nations claiming self-defense will have to come within that law in order to justify a war. The form the law should take is plain. It should declare that war is a crime against civilization and outlaw it as such. It must be enacted by the civilized world. It need not be enacted by Legislature nor Parliament. It can be enacted by the League of Nations or it can be enacted by a simple international conference as a uni- versal treaty. America, the first great nation to live in friend- ship with her fellow nations, should call a conference to outlaw war. She should, without waiting for other nations, make her own declaration of policy not to resort to war. Such a dec- laration by the most powerful nation in the world would have profound effect. How the outlawry of war and the international code should be enforced is equally plain. It should be enforced by a court with affirmative jurisdiction, which can call before it nations attempting to make war and to defy the moral law. For this two things are necessary. First, the affirmative jurisdiction to 46 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST hear the merits of the dispute, just as our Supreme Court has jurisdiction over the States, and secondly, the code, the law. The court decrees must not be enforced by physical power. You cannot eliminate force between nations by using force. The nations will never consent to a super-government resting on force. Laws are not enforced through physical power only; they are also enforced through public opinion. IV. By Proressor JAMES T. SHOTWELL Director, Division of Economics and History, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace In the entirely new action of the League of Nations em- bodied in the Protocol of Geneva a substitute for war has at last been proposed. Yet the Protocol of Geneva has been received in this country with all the prejudices of the old party struggle over the League of Nations. It has been commented upon in sneering tones by smart, young writers. It is time for it to be studied carefully by those whose opinions would be worth while. The essence of the Protocol is easily understood, although its details are very intricate. It begins by three main points which underlie the whole structure. First, aggressive war is a crime. eRe ts the States take a mutual obligation not to be guilty of it. Third, the definition of aggression is the refusal to accept recourse to a peaceful method of international settlement. This settlement may be through three main channels: (a) through the Permanent Court of International Justice, (b) the use of arbitration, (c) through mediation and conciliation of the Council or Assembly of the League of Nations for those coun- tries which belong to the League. Any State not using these means to settle its quarrels before going into war is henceforth declared to be an aggressor state. Any overt act of war when not preceded by these methods of prevention is an aggression. _ This enables us to outlaw aggressive wars. But if aggres- sive wars are put down, if the machinery to outlaw war works —and that depends upon the public opinion of the world—there will be no more victims to aid, no more defense to be applied. The whole war machine will lose its justifica- tion when aggression is driven from the field. There is nothing in all this program which lessens in any way our national security, there is nothing in it on the con- trary which does not increase our influence while leaving us THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE 47 our full measure of independence. In following it we can recover once more the ground which has been slipping beneath our feet for leadership in policies based upon justice. This, with adherence to the World Court, would be a forward- looking program. But to win we must unite. THE AMERICAN CHURCHES AND THE JAPANESE EXCLUSION ACT I. By Hon. Cyrus E. Woops Former Ambassador of the United States to Japan The Japanese Exclusion Act was, in my judgment, an inter- national disaster of the first magnitude,—a disaster to Amer- ican diplomacy in the Far East, a disaster to American business, a disaster to religion and the effective work of our American Churches in Japan. The ultimate consequences of that act cannot yet be fully forecast, for what we do or fail to do during the coming year or two will determine the degree of the disaster. The right handling of the question in the near future will, indeed, go far toward wiping out the harm that has been done. Failure to take appropriate action will confirm, deepen and extend it. The purpose of Congress was, no doubt, to stop further Japanese immigration, on the assumption that a flood of Japa- nese was still entering the United States. Congress could not have realized that Japan accepted the principle of exclusion in 1908, since which date the Japanese Government has been loyally cooperating with the Government of the United States in carrying out that policy. As a result of the Gentlemen’s Agreement, then entered into, more Japanese males have left the United States than have entered by 22,737. The coming of Japanese women to join their husbands or to be married to young men already here, permitted by the Agreement, has re- sulted in an increase of foreign-born Japanese in Continental America during the sixteen years for which we have the figures (1909-1923) of only 8,681. Japan, moreover, had officially stated more than once that she was prepared to make the provisions of the Agreement even more rigid. She officially stated that the drastic restriction of immigration into America is a domestic matter concerning which she has nothing to say. It is therefore clear that what Congress wanted could have been secured with Japan’s cordial consent and cooperation. It 48 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST is also clear that the issue in the mind of Japan was not immi- gration but something else. From the standpoint of my special opportunities of knowl- edge, I wish to state with utmost clearness and emphasis that what Japan resented was not exclusion but humiliating race discrimination. And the tragedy lies in the fact that Congress could have secured what it felt needful and yet have secured it in a way that would have avoided affronting Japan; would have preserved the historic friendship and promoted the prac- tice of cooperation in dealing with this and with every difficult issue in the problems of the Far East. Without one compensating advantage, Congress has thrown away one of the most important American assets in solving the problems of the Pacific and has, at the same time, created utterly needless feelings of mortification, humiliation, and dis- trust, with fresh and as yet unknowable potential factors of difficulty in maintaining the permanent peace of the Far East. The remarkable changes within Japan herself and in her policies in China and Siberia that flowed out of the Washing- ton Conference on Limitation of Armament, which were fundamentally due to the rising power of the liberal movement in Japan, together with the extraordinary appreciation by Japan of America’s prompt and generous help in her hour of calamities of earthquake and fire, had given America unparal- leled influence in the inner life of Japan. America, philan- thropic, democratic, Christian, stood before Japan as a nation that in many of the most important elements of civilization was to be emulated and followed. Full cooperation with America in all the difficult problems of the new day was fast becoming the accepted ideal of Japan’s people as the true way for them. Seldom, if ever, has the potential influence of one nation on the free inner life of another been so ascendant as was Amer- ica’s influence in Japan in January, 1924. It was powerfully affecting every phase of Japan’s mental outlook, political de- velopments and alignments, business relations, educational pro- cedures, and international friendships and policies. Japan had developed a fine trust in America’s spirit of justice, fair piay and humanity. Christianity, slowly disclosed to them through decades of faithful missionary work, was suddenly revealed to the entire people as really molding the life of the American people, giving them not only the ideals but also the actual prac- tice of programs for peace, for brotherhood and for service to humanity. When, however, it became clear in April that the immigra- tion bill would pass in spite of the objections of Secretary AMERICAN CHURCHES AND JAPANESE EXCLUSION ACT 49 Hughes and President Coolidge, in spite of the offers of the Japanese Government to make any desired adjustments of the Agreement, in spite of the knowledge that such a law would affront and deeply wound the inmost heart and soul of the Jap- anese people, in spite of the honorable fulfillment by Japan of the Gentlemen’s Agreement, then an America suddenly loomed up before them which in their judgment was wholly. different from the America they had learned to work with, to trust, to admire and to be grateful to. Delegations from all classes of society, from the highest to the lowest, called upon me in Tokyo. Strong men, national leaders, in tones of deepest concern and sometimes in tears, pled with me to tell America what was happening, hoping thereby that Congress might be brought to realize the situation before it was too late. A Japanese committed suicide near the American Embassy in protest and in expiation of Japan’s honor. His pathetic letter told of his acceptance of the Christian faith because it disclosed a God of all mankind, a God of love and a world of human brotherhood. This Christian teaching had satisfied his inner craving. But this Exclusion Act of America had shat- tered his faith; Christianity was itself false; there is no God, no universal brotherhood. A prominent Japanese pastor, a graduate of Yale, told me that his people could not understand why a country which sent missionaries abroad preaching the doctrine of the brotherhood of mankind could make such a discrimination. It can readily be seen from this that the Christian movement in Japan has been dealt a staggering blow. Americans should realize that Japan was concerned, not with the question of immigration, but with that of race humiliation. Japan and all her people, from highest to lowest, wish to be accepted and treated as one of the equal races of mankind. All emphatically repudiate any implication that color and race are badges of inferiority or unfitness to be given equality of race treatment in any part of the world. I believe Congress had no deliberate intention to humiliate and affront Japan. It never- theless in fact did so. The consequences of the exclusion law, if not soon over- come, are grave beyond all ordinary comprehension. It will affect business intercourse, turning to Europe and elsewhere trade that would normally have come here. The military party in Japan and the tendency to set in sharp antithesis the Yellow races against the White have been given 50 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST a mighty impulse, portending disaster to Japan, to China and to the whole world in proportion as the movement succeeds. In proportion as militarism is ascendant in Japan will it be difficult for America to reduce her load of armament, even though no actual armed conflict comes for many decades, and the economic and social disaster to America of ever-increasing armaments on the Pacific can not be easily estimated. That which now needs to be done is to follow the suggestion of Secretary Hughes. He asked that Japan be placed on the quota basis. This would admit only 146 immigrants annually until July, 1927, and thereafter only 150. This amount is negligible, and I am sure that in the enforcement of such a provision America will have the loyal cooperation of the Jap- anese Government. I am therefore of opinion, and in that opinion I know you will concur, that while the question is a difficult one and beset with many thorny aspects, yet it is one which our Christian leaders must face and for which a Christian and a practical solution must be found. II. By Rev. A. K. ReEIscHAvER, oF Tokyo Representative of the National Christian Council of Japan We must distinguish between the method by which Japanese exclusion was brought about and the thing itself. Probably most Americans deplore the method adopted. It seemed so hopelessly stupid and crude. But it is now no longer merely the method adopted that Japan resents; many Japanese resent the thing itself. They see the reasonableness of a law that excludes immigrants who are “ineligible” to citizenship, but it looks to them as a color and race prejudice and a deliberate attempt to brand them as “undesirables and inferiors.” Espe- cially does it seem so to them, when they see how we still admit peoples who are racially as far removed from us as are the Japanese, and who in spiritual kinship are much farther from us. If black, red and colored peoples of- all shades can be American citizens, as millions of them are, and if Japanese born in America and Filipinos now entering are eligible, how can anyone seriously contend that no Japanese born in Japan, no matter how white his soul nor how great his spiritual achievement, should be eligible? Surely America’s ideal re- quirement for citizenship must be more than a mere matter of geography. Already the effect on Christianity in Japan has been serious. Japanese Christians are put in a difficult position. If they are AMERICAN CHURCHES AND JAPANESE EXCLUSION ACT a1 friendly with Americans they are looked upon by some as dis- loyal to Japan. If, on the other hand, they declare their inde- pendence of American Christianity, they feel that they will be misunderstood by Americans and that they are breaking a fel- lowship which means so much to them. It takes little imagina- tion to picture what would happen to all American mission work in Japan if Christians here should treat this as a “closed incident.’ Sooner or later it will mock all missionaries in the Orient. But Japanese Christians have not lost faith in us, and there are other thousands who still believe that we will do the right thing. It may be difficult to find a solution that will conserve the apparently conflicting interests of the two nations. America must, on the one hand, achieve a greater degree of homo- geneity among her citizens through education, through restric- tion and selection of immigrants. Japan, on the other hand, has a right to receive most-favored-nation treatment and not be discriminated against. To work out a harmony between these two fundamental needs and rights of the two nations is our big task, and our first step in working this out should be the creation of a High Commission made up of intelligent, representative Americans and Japanese who would study the perplexing problems scien- tifically and in a spirit of friendship. The result of such a commission’s work might well lead to something like the following: First—The mutual exclusion of laborers, and possibly even the withdrawal by the Japanese Government of some of her citizens now in America. Second—Putting Japan on the quota basis after a certain date—possibly requiring a higher standard for immigrants from Japan than for certain European immigrants be- cause racial difference may make them less assimilable. Third—Giving all Japanese in America and those admitted on the quota basis the right of naturalization and equal treatment with others. THE PRESENT CRISIS IN EUROPEAN PROTESTANTISM By Rev. ADOLF KELLER Secretary, Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe European Protestantism as a whole still suffers deeply from the consequences of the war. It is true that on the Continent there are four or five countries, such as Denmark, Norway, Holland, Sweden and Switzerland, where we feel the hardness of the times but where we cannot speak of real suffering. We in these little countries, however, feel the danger for the whole European Protestantism lying in the fact that the great ma- jority of the European Protestant Churches are going through a very serious economic crisis. These five little countries on the European Continent are making the greatest efforts to come to the rescue of the suffering Churches. We cannot do this great work alone. We look towards American Protestantism to help us. We hope that the denom- inations which have no sister Churches in Europe, in a feeling of larger Protestant responsibility, will collaborate more and more in the efforts to save in the European Churches what is menaced and to build up what is necessary for strengthening European Protestantism as a whole. It is true that since the stabilization of the currency in some of the countries the situation has slightly improved. But this improvement is not yet felt in thousands of manses and innu- merable evangelical institutions which have to live on private gifts. A difference must be made between relief work and the necessity of finding help for constructive tasks with which the Churches are confronted. Relief is still necessary for innu- merable pastors’ families, especially where sickness enters a house. Such need can still be found all over France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Roumania, Latvia, Lithuania, not to speak of Russia. Beside such personal need, there are a great number of men- aced evangelical institutions such as children’s homes, orphan- ages, deaconess houses which need help. But I think that after the many reports we have made to the Churches most American Christians realize that there are still hungry children and sick and old people who need food and clothes and shelter. It is also known that many of the evangelical institutions can 52 PRESENT CRISIS IN EUROPEAN PROTESTANTISM 53 be supported only with foreign help. This is especially so with the institutions of the former Austro-Hungarian mon- archy. More particularly I should draw your attention to the new constructive tasks which must be undertaken. It seems to me that American Protestantism can be of a real and great help for the evangelization of many European sections, for building up an “Inner Mission” in Churches which have not been able hitherto to begin such work, and in teaching us new methods in all kinds of social work. The European Churches begin to see more and more that their old Church work is not sufficient for the evangelization of the present-day generation. Modern paganism cannot be reached by the minister who is doing sim- ple parish work. The work of evangelization in all the European countries is one of the most urgent necessities. The attempts which are being made in Spain and Belgium, in Germany where the People’s Mission has been started, in Austria, where Pastor Monsky is doing a courageous work, and in Roumania, where several travelling preachers find work enough, is very hopeful. This work should be done in close connection with the na- tional Churches themselves. But they lack men and means; and here is the point where America could really lend us a hand. Not only by granting the necessary means, but by help- ing us to train our men, using your experience and methods, which, however, should always be assimilated to our mentality, and to our national and confessional peculiarities. The door is open to you for such welcome cooperation. The situation on the Continent of Europe is the more acute because a fight of self-defense has been imposed upon the Evangelical Churches by the Roman Catholic aggressiveness, which is the distinctive feature in the present-day situation. Most have heard the proverb that from a military standpoint France won the war; from the political, England; from the economic, America; and from the religious standpoint, the Roman Catholic Church. We do not complain if the Roman Catholic Church is strengthening its position, is uniting and collecting its forces. It must also be said that present-day Catholicism in countries where it has come into contact with the Reformation is inspired with a new religious spirit, with a new love of Christ and His Church, and has also in some parts started a social activity which deserves our admiration. But there can be no doubt that the Roman Catholic aims go far beyond the desire of strengthening the old positions and 54 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST of deepening the religious life in the Church. The hope is openly expressed that the time has come to heal the schism of the Church and to win back the lost territories. Not only little provincial periodicals, but even such an official organ as the Osservatore Romano has been outspoken enough to say that the time is not far distant when Germany, for instance, or England, will come back to the “infallible Church.” A great propaganda for the conversion of the Protestants, directed especially by the Jesuits, the specific anti-Protestant order, has begun. Societies with these specific aims have been formed and campaigns have been organized not only in Ger- many, but in such old Protestant countries as Holland, Scot- land, and even the Scandinavian countries, where a special apostolic Legate has been sent for this purpose. The Pope has sent his Nuncios into nearly all countries where it has been possible to create such centers of Roman influence. In Germany last year 88 evangelical institutions had to be closed for lack of funds, but since 1919 more than 700 Roman Catholic institutions and monasteries have been opened in that country. The 65 per cent of Protestants have 16,700 pastors; the 33 per cent of Catholics have an army of 22,262 priests. Against this Roman Catholic aggressiveness we do not wish to struggle with political or worldly means. The only thing which we can do and are allowed to do is to strengthen our own Churches, to unite our forces, to deepen our religious life and to lend mutually a brotherly hand. We are still far away from having the necessary organs for expressing the united voices of Protestantism. Such union alone will have the effect which is not within the power of this or that single Church. But many of our Protestant communities have to face all sorts of political and financial manoeuvres from the other side. There are, for instance, numerous institutions whose property is in danger of being bought by Roman Catholic institutions or whose opportunities for buying neighboring lands or houses which they need for enlarging their activity are snatched away by a well organized Roman financial enterprise. What a help it would be at the present time, when most of the Churches have heavy constructive tasks, if we could have a Protestant loan fund or at least a bank credit guaranteed by the great Protestant bodies, in order to enable us to act without delay in such emergencies ! We cannot wait for collections when an orphanage, as re- cently in Poland, is in danger of falling down, or when, as in Spain, the Jesuits were on the point of buying an evangelical PRESENT CRISIS IN EUROPEAN PROTESTANTISM 55 college, which was saved almost by a miracle. We should be ready, then, at once, because a general Protestant feeling of responsibility and brotherliness would have already prepared the action necessary at a given moment. We are already doing what we can to defend ourselves, to save what is menaced, to strengthen the faith and courage of our sister Churches. But do you think that we have greater obligations because we are nearer, or because we are sister denominations? We do not care for denominational interests in a moment when the whole house is burning. The Central Bureau tries at least to find help for all who are in need. But we cannot do this work alone, therefore we stretch out our hands towards America. oe nae ile pgatgrreace Dee ae my is i ogee aay dil | a heat a8: cea AND Fe ee et inet Na sayeaieney farang ‘ponte, hh a 30H Gs aw Speeti a x i ey: ap al AR oo eee iH fe ane 8 , litt igh sae a Sanity Blend, tat, BL eae Sen . junit an isa f tea Be if ne ss oh "1 TESS ” ee ae RiP RAB A Aya fib @ nine | TK hes RinaoRie RE Sok CaN LOR ert 3 Aan ys ny See: a Dike ‘ ) Dat dis ote aeiriantta Vane Gian soe es dal iy Mesa bi Wied? Fea wits Katy OEE t ree t i; qe "i er bse gee te i hiiaacin i iN a nh Jk xis ag a He ats i f ome Me ae | Ly VAC Laat) eS ih yo ‘ie ie ma PART II THE PLATFORM AND POLICIES OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL Aus AY shi : ay Ha rey 1% FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK (Adopted by the Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council of the Churches, December 6, 1924) In preparation for this quadrennial meeting of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, the Adminis- trative Committee, at its meeting on February 8, 1924, voted to appoint a special Committee to recommend to the Council, for its consideration, the main outlines of policy to be pursued during the next four years. This Committee was to be made up of representatives of the various constituent bodies and to be chosen in conference with their official authorities. After such conference the Committee was constituted of the under- signed members at the meeting of the Administrative Com- mittee on September 19, and now presents its report. We have reviewed with great interest the Report of the Committee on Methods of Cooperation presented to the quad- rennial meeting of the Council in Boston in 1920, and we have sought to recall the situation which existed then, to compare it with our situation today and to mark the progress which has been made during the quadrennium. Regarding this progress there cannot, we think, be any doubt. It can be discerned clearly in every department of the work of the Council, in the common assertion of the Churches through the Council of their deep convictions on such subjects as peace, international jus- tice and goodwill, justice and goodwill within the nation, child welfare, respect for law and lawful authority, and the coopera- tive action of the Churches in evangelism, education and re- search, in works of mercy and relief, in sympathetic assistance to sister Churches in Europe, and in the effort to work out the Christian solution of the difficult problems of race relationships. As the Board of Finance will report, very satisfactory progress has been made also in the increase of the financial support of the Council by the bodies which comprise it. Clear as the progress of the past quadrennium has been, however, it is perhaps more difficult now than it was four years ago to analyze confidently and surely the situation of the Churches with regard to the question of their cooperative re- lations and united action. And yet we are constrained by all the evidence which we have been able to gather to believe, first, that the Churches realize more deeply than ever before their need of such an instrument as the Federal Council; secondly, that they perceive more clearly its adaptation to their need as a representative and responsible agency created by them and ex- 59 60 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST isting for them, and constituting not an independent organiza- tion separate from the Churches, but simply a common medium wholly within their control; thirdly, that they see more dis- tinctly than ever before the magnitude and importance of the tasks which they must accomplish cooperatively and unitedly. Perhaps we may venture to summarize some of the evidence to which we have referred as supplying a basis for our positive recommendations as to the policies of the Council for the en- suing four years. 1. It seems clear that there are certain distinct fields of the Churches’ responsibility in which there are a greater readiness and desire for cooperation, because in these fields it is obvious that no one denomination can act for all or can ever act effec- tively for itself without associated action by others. Among these fields of action, for example, are (a) the relation of the Churches to great issues of social welfare, like the temperance question, prohibition and respect for law; (b) the problems of war, disarmament and peace; (c) the problems of race and race relations; (d) works of mercy and relief. 2. The doctrinal discussions which have shaken some de- nominations and which have attracted wide general attention have had, in the judgment of some, the unexpected effect of drawing the Churches together in the sense of common prob- lems and common experiences . The denominations have been facing similar, if not identical, issues and have realized the community of their life and problems. The people of kindred mind in different bodies have been drawn together irrespective of denominational relationships. None of the denominations has been divided, and this cohesion within each denomination has demonstrated the possibility of interdenominational fel- lowship and endeavor. 3. Certain fresh aspects of old and abiding problems have presented themselves which no one body can hope to solve and for which, through common counsel and prayer, a solution must be found which each body can use. The greatest of these problems is how we may present Christ more compellingly to the mind and heart of our day so that He will become the Lord of men’s consciences and the Master of their lives. A second of these problems is how to bind the past and the future to- gether, how to carry over the good of the past that is meant to last, how to welcome the new life and strength of youth and to save it from waste and futility and bind it in as the connecting tissue of what has been and what is to be, how to separate grain from chaff in new movements of thought and speech and FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 61 action, to save the grain and destroy the chaff. These are great questions for which the denominations must unitedly seek the answer. 4, There is a deep and wide-spread conviction in many dif- ferent communions that the conditions which will bring to any of them the spiritual renewal and revival which it needs can only be provided out of common effort and experience. Just as the individual needs the help of fellowship and the life which is available not in isolation but only in the corporate unity of Christian believers, so the individual communion 1s coming to realize that it needs the help of the other communions which are members of the One Body and that the health and power of each separate part is strengthened by the life of the whole. 5. Lastly, the Protestant Churches see more clearly than ever the need of preserving their inheritance of freedom and indi- vidual responsibility and at the same time of securing the gain of solidarity, of effective organization and of united and ade- quately directed effort. We have been afraid of centralization and so distrustful of delegated control or authority that we have let work go undone and great tasks of the Church lie unperformed rather than run the risk of any abridgment of our separated autonomies. In other words, we have been a mechanism, an assemblage of separate parts, rather than an organism, a living and unified body, not only pervaded by a common life and trust (these we have had), but also acting together in singleness of effort to accomplish common and corporate ends. The Churches are truly seeking for a satis- factory method of expressing a common life and accomplishing a common work, of combining unity and freedom, of preserving our Protestant inheritance and yet at the same time fulfilling the ideal of the Apostle’s Creed, of the Holy Catholic Church, the instrument of Christ for the salvation of the world. Whether or not your Committee be right in the details of this brief analysis of the present situation, it believes it is assuredly right in interpreting the mind of our evangelical Churches as desiring and being ready for a policy of wise and courageous advance in the work of this Council for the quad- rennium just before it. The Committee accordingly desires to make the following recommendations : 1. There should be continued and enlarged emphasis on the common and fundamental duty of direct evangelism. All the activities of the Council and of the constituent Churches should be conceived in true evangelistic terms, as various modes of 62 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST expressing the Gospel and of accomplishing the purpose of our Lord, whom the Father sent to be the Saviour of the world. In one sense the work of evangelism is the work of each sepa- rate denomination, but there are necessities in this field which can only be met cooperatively—the need of shared knowledge and experience, of synchronized effort, of coordination of plans, of help of the weak by the strong, of steady, united presentation of the evangelistic ideal, method and spirit as essential elements in the true conception of the Church. The need of a great forward movement in evangelism is undeniable. Why should it not come now? The spiritual and moral neces- sities of the world require it. The resources of God are avail- able for it, if drawn upon by united faith. We need not only to bring those who do not know Christ to a knowledge of the truth, but also to deepen the consecration of those who are already Christians. There is no greater need today than a more vivid consciousness of the presence of God and a fresh experience of His power to renew and transform. Here, too, fellowship and cooperation are essential, if the richest blessings are to be enjoyed and the most effective witness borne. 2. There should be provision for more immediate, more ade- quate and better equipped effort by the Churches to meet the great human emergencies, which arise from time to time and which the Churches should meet in their own name or rather in Christ’s name, with such works of mercy and relief as will express to the world the love of Christ going out to men through His Church. The right and obligation of the Churches to do such work have always been recognized by them. There has been a tendency, however, to transfer many such activities into the hands of temporary agencies created when disasters occur or of permanent organizations existing apart from any direct association with the Churches. This tendency, often quite satisfactory in results, has developed to a point where the question must be raised as to whether the Churches will prac- tically relinquish such service altogether. The impossibility of this relinquishment is realized when one recognizes that thereby the Churches would largely lose the invaluable power of Chris- tian testimony which deeds of serving love possess. Although the various special agencies which have been created are richly supported, and should continue to be sup- ported, by the members of the Churches, and although they freely acknowledge that support, some of these agencies can- not by their very nature convey to the recipients of relief nor to mankind at large any open and direct testimony as to the FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 63 Christian love which prompted the support. It would seem that the Federal Council might well be the common servant of the Churches for the accomplishment of their purpose to en- large their direct and collective activity in mercy and relief. For some time the Federal Council has had a Committee on Mercy and Relief as a sub-committee of the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill. Recently this committee did active work in securing funds for German relief and for the refugees in Greece. Again and again during this service the desire was expressed either for a more effective establish- ment of the committee or for the creation of a separate com- mission, so that the Council might be in a position for prompt and wise action in the case of emergencies that may call for it. The Council refers the establishment of a separate Committee or Commission on Works of Mercy and Relief to the Execu- tive Committee for such action as seems expedient. 3. There should be undiminished effort to set forth the Christian view of such questions of social, racial, economic and international relationship as demand consideration by the Chris- tian Church and the proclamation of that Gospel which was to be laid upon every creature, personal and impersonal, and upon all human life. Jesus Christ is Lord. We know of no one and of nothing, of no interest and no relationship over which His Lordship does not extend. This does not mean any extension of the Church beyond its proper sphere of action and duty. It does mean the faithful proclamation and practice of the whole gospel of righteousness and love, of peace and good- will, of the Kingdom of God. 4. We recommend a careful restudy of the service which the Churches may reasonably expect of the Council in the field of investigation of the rural problems of the Churches and in the coordination of effort in this field. It has been represented to our Committee that there are aspects of this question which are not included in the specialized missionary view of it, and with which the Churches in their corporate and ecclesiastical character must unitedly deal. 5. There should be wise and effective expansion of the work of the Council in the cooperative study and investigation of such conditions as concern the Church, and the results of such research should be made available for all the cooperating Churches and their various agencies. We approve the plans for a more thorough discharge of these duties of the Council through a Department of Research and Education, already sanctioned by the Executive Committee of the Council. The 64 FEDERAL, COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Churches need such a common clearing-house of information on the moral and religious aspects of contemporary questions. Pastors and denominational officials are constantly sending re- quests to the Council for data on matters which have perplexed them. ) | The purpose of the Department of Research is in no sense to make pronouncements of policy for any Church or for the Council. Its aim is rather to secure impartially the accurate information and to present the unbiased analyses which will help pastors, denominational agencies and the Council to form sound judgments for themselves on great issues on which Christian principles must be brought to bear. Where differ- ences of opinion exist as to fact or as to the interpretation of fact, those differences should be carefully reported. No at- tempt should be made to do anything that other agencies are doing or will do. The purpose should rather be, first, to col- late the results of what has been done in many quarters in a form to make them more accessible for all; and, second, to undertake such new inquiries as may be found necessary in order to secure data needed by the Churches. 6. It is clear to us that the coming four years will call for -constant study of the question of the broader relations of our American Evangelical Churches to the Churches of other lands. It is not the function of the Council to enter the field of denominational international organizations or associations. The denominations themselves care for this field. But the pos- sibility and necessity of interdenominational international fel- lowship are greater than they have ever been. The Churches _of America associated in the cooperative life and action of the Federal Council must face the call to right relationship and true helpfulness toward the rising Churches of Asia and Latin America, the Evangelical Churches of Europe, and also the Eastern Churches. The work of assistance of the Churches of the Continent, so effectively cared for by the Central Bureau in Zurich, should be enlarged and the resources of our American Churches should be more generously brought to the help of the Churches of Central and Southeastern Europe, which have suffered so terribly from the war. There are few greater responsibilities or opportunities confronting us today than to support the Evangelical Churches in Europe in their present need and to establish closer ties of cooperation with them. The situation in Eastern Europe and Western Asia has led to such opportunities for development of friendly relations and larger fellowship with the Eastern Churches as to cause the OO FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 65 Executive Committee a year ago to authorize the formation of a special committee for this purpose. We commend this step and recommend that the furthering of our fraternal relations with these Churches be recognized as a part of the program of the Federal Council and that definite steps looking to mutual aid be taken as occasion offers. 7. Recognizing the many interests that we share in common with our fellow Christians in Canada and the common prob- lems that we face in dealing with American life as a whole, we recommend that conference be held with the Churches of Canada with a view to the wisest and most helpful relations between those Churches and the Churches of the United States represented in the Federal Council. 8. We recommend to the constituent Churches and to the Executive and Administrative Committees of the Council that an adequate study be made of the place of women in the work of the Council. Any of the constituent denominations may now name women among their representatives in the Council, in accordance with the Constitution of the Council. We would deem it a wise and happy thing if they would name a much larger number. Provision should be made also for a larger number of women on the Executive and Administrative Com- mittees and on the various Commissions, where already many women are rendering valuable service. We also recommend to the Executive and Administrative Committees of the Fed- eral Council that they be authorized to appoint from their own membership a committee to act with similar committees to be appointed by the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions and the Council of Women for Home Missions, the membership of which shall include representatives from every denomination included in those bodies, this joint committee to make a study of the place and scope of women’s organized work in the Church and the relation that such work should bear to the general agencies of the Churches. In view of this proposed study, and lest confusion result, we further suggest that the bodies referred to—the Federal Coun- cil, the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions and the Council of Women for Home Missions—refrain. from promoting organized women’s work in any form until such time as this whole problem shall have been studied and a policy agreed upon. 9. We recognize the wisdom of the present policy of the independence and autonomy of local federations and councils of churches, amenable directly to the churches of their own community. The Federal Council should give special attention 66 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST to fostering the establishment of such federations and councils and the most sympathetic and helpful relations should be main- tained between them, with counsel and support extended freely on either side. As a means of furthering more helpful rela- tionships we would recommend that the Association of Execu- tive Secretaries of Local Councils of Churches be invited to name a consultative member of the Administrative Committee of the Federal Council. 10. We recommend continued study of the problem of the relation of the inter-board agencies to one another and to the Council, and also of the problem of the inter-relation of Chris- tian agencies which have community programs. Efforts have been made during the past quadrennium to help toward the solution of the first of these problems through what is known as the Consultative Committee, composed of representatives of the Federal Council, the Foreign Missions Conference, the Home Missions Council, the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions, the Council of Women for Home Mis- sions, the Council of Church Boards of Education and the International Council of Religious Education. Steps toward dealing with the second problem have been made through the Conference of Allied Christian Agencies doing Community Work, and the Committee which has grown out of that Con- ference and which has been fostered by the Federal Council’s Commission on Councils of Churches. The time may not yet be ripe, but our Committee is of the deep conviction that we should keep before our eyes the ideal of a central cooperative agency, such as the Federal Council was designed to be and ought in our judgment to become, be- longing wholly to the Churches, controlled and directed by them, possessing their complete trust and adequately meeting all their cooperative necessities, in which, with no abridgment of freedom and autonomy, but with far greater power and mutual support, all our present agencies would find a rational and efficient coordination in both their community and national tasks and in their interboard and interdenominational and in- ternational relationships. To some such goal, near or far, we are convinced we ought to seek to move in trust and hope and steadfastness. 11. We recommend that the Council and its Commissions continue to seek and to cultivate the most harmonious and help- ful relations with voluntary bodies engaged in similar tasks. A careful adjustment has been reached of present relations of the Federal Council’s Commission on International Justice and Goodwill with the Church Peace Union and the World Alliance FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 67 for International Friendship through the Churches. There has been helpful cooperation with other organizations and move- ments for the promotion of peace and justice. It is clear that the Churches as Churches functioning through a central coun- cil constituted by their action as Churches and directly under their authority and control have a work to do which is distinct and indispensable, and which they cannot devolve upon any other organization or upon any groups of individuals, though they may and should seek all possible cooperation and assis- tance. In this as in all things we believe that the end we should steadily seek is the cooperation of the Churches as such, and that all who believe in real cooperative principles should work together to strengthen the official interboard and inter- denominational endeavors to effect corporate community of counsel and action. 12. The Administrative Committee is laying before the Coun- cil recommendations with regard to its By-Laws, in the light of the new incorporation by a special act of the Legislature of the State of New York, and we present accordingly no report on this subject. We do desire, however, to record our judg- ment as to the desirability of keeping clear and unbroken the historic traditions of the Council and the solid grounding of its character and functions in the authority of the Churches. 13. It falls to our Committee, perhaps, to suggest an outline of Commissions for the ensuing quadrennium, leaving author- ity, however, to the Executive Committee to make any changes which may seem to it wise. It seems clear to us that the fol- lowing Commissions, the names of which indicate their impor- tant responsibilities, should be continued: The Commission on Evangelism and Life Service The Commission on the Church and Social Service The Commission on the Church and Race Relations The Commission on International Justice and Goodwill The Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe (with which the Commission on Relations with France and Belgium should now be merged) The Department of Research and Education The Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone The Committee on Relations with Eastern Churches The Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains The Editorial Council of the Religious Press It is equally clear that the work now being done by the Com- mission on Councils of Churches, the Commission on Christian Education, and the Commission on Temperance should be con- tinued. In view of the fact that in the case of these three certain proposals for change of name or relationships are un- der consideration, we would refer to the Executive Committee 68 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST the question as to the specific form in which these interests should be cared for. We recommend the Executive Committee give consideration also to the addition of a Commission on Rural Life. We were charged by the Administrative Committee also to consider the question of the interior organization of the com- missions, especially of their Committees of Direction. It has been found very desirable and helpful in some of these bodies to seek and secure the presence and counsel of representatives of independent organizations working in the field of the Com- mission’s interest. This plan has promoted cooperation and effective service. It seems to us wise that it should be con- tinued, but that such members of the Commissions or Com- mittees of Direction should be advisory and limited in number to one-third of the Committee, and that they should be ap- pointed by the President of the Council on recommendation of the officers of the Commission concerned. 14. As the report of the Board of Finance will show, great progress has been made during the past four years in putting the Council on a basis of more satisfactory financial support, and there is an increasing purpose on the part of the Churches to assume the responsible support and direction of the Council. At the quadrennial meeting in Boston four years ago, a budget of $300,000 a year was approved. As a result of a conserva- tive financial policy, the expenditure for each year of the past quadrennium has been kept well below this figure. This has meant, however, a sacrifice of much important work which has been urged upon the Council from many quarters. At the meeting in Boston the Council also officially approved the prin- ciple that the amount of the budget, as determined by the representatives of the constituent denominations in the Coun- cil, ought to be provided directly by the denominations. We are glad to note that substantial advance in this direction has been made, about one-third of the budget having been thus provided by the constituent bodies. We would strongly urge that the denominations rapidly assume responsibility for their equitable shares of a budget of at least $300,000. We also approve the Council’s seeking from individuals gifts which will increase this budget to the extent which may be approved from year to year by the Executive Committee. 15. Lastly, we note with satisfaction the increased expecta- tion and purpose on the part of the Churches to use the Council to express their convictions in matters of common interest and responsibility. More during the last quadrennium than ever before have they looked to the Council to speak, with care and FUTURE POLICIES IN COOPERATIVE WORK 69 yet with courage, their great convictions on questions on which the Christian conscience and judgment have felt that they could not be silent. The enlarging influence and the grave responsi- bility of the Council in these matters calls for the most pru- dent exercise of this duty of public statement, and we recom- mend that the Council give its approval to the proposal of the Executive Committee on this subject, taken at its meeting in January, 1921, as follows: “Any formal deliverance which is to be put forth in the name of the Council should be first submitted to all the members of the large Executive Committee of the Council with the under- standing that all replies shall be returned within a fortnight. And what constitutes ‘a formal deliverance’ shall be determined by the Administrative Committee, provided, however, that in cases of emergency the Secretarial Council shall have authority to refer directly to the Executive Committee for approval any statement which they wish to have issued as a formal deliver- ance of the Council.” The new days into which we have come call more convinc- ingly even than any earlier days for the work of a Federal Council of the Churches, such as the Churches intended this Council to be when they established it. God has justified the faith and purpose of the founders. It remains for us to carry forward the work which they began and to fashion this agency of common counsel and common service into an instrument which the Churches which created and control it can use with absolute trust and to the full measure of their power. Robert E. Speer, Chairman Rev. John Baltzer (Evangelical Synod of North America ) Rev. Clarence A. Barbour (Northern Baptist Convention) F. R. Beach (Christian) Rev. W. Y. Bell (Colored Methodist Episcopal) Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent (Protestant Episcopal) Bishop S. C. Breyfogel (Evangelical) Rev. Charles E. Burton (Congregational) John R. Cary (Friends) Rev. W. I. Chamberlain (Reformed Church in America) Bishop George C. Clement (African Methodist Episcopal Zion) Bishop A. R. Clippinger (United Brethren) Rev. A. E. Cory (Disciples of Christ) Rev. J. A. Detter (Churches of God, General EI- dership ) Rev. David G. Downey (Methodist Episcopal) Mrs. John Ferguson (United Presbyterian) Rev. E. S. Hagen (Moravian) John R. Hawkins (African Methodist Episcopal) Rev. Frederick H. Knubel (United Lutheran) Rev. Thomas H. Lewis (Methodist Protestant) Rev. Walter L. Lingle (Presbyterian, South) Bishop Robert W. Peach (Reformed Episcopal) 70 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Rev. W. W. Pinson (Methodist Episcopal, South) Rev. John Proude (Methodist Protestant) Esle F. Randolph (Seventh Day Baptist) Rev. George W. Richards (Reformed Church in the U. S.) Rev. J. Ross Stevenson (Presbyterian in the U. S. A.) Rev. L. K. Williams (National Baptist Convention) Members at Large Mrs. F. S. Bennett W. C. Coleman John H. Finley Robert Garrett John M. Glenn Mrs. J. H. McCoy Dean Shailer Mathews Hon. Carl E. Milliken Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery Watson S. Moore Rev. Frank Mason North Morris E. Preisch Thomas S. Southgate Hon. William E. Sweet Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff MESSAGE TO THE CHURCHES The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, assembled at Atlanta in its Fifth Quadrennial Meeting, sends to the Churches a message of fellowship. Fellowship in the Church Sitting together for six days face to face with the great tasks of the Church, the sense of our present oneness in Christ has become very real. We believe in the same God, tre re- deemed by the same Christ, are comforted by the same Spirit, study the same Book, offer the same prayers, sing the same hymns, strive for the same character and long for the same Kingdom. We rejoice in the same growing manifestation of unity in essentials shown in city and state councils of Churches, in great federal missionary movements at home and abroad, in the earnest effort to find ways of giving organized expression to unity in village and open country and in the great ecumen- ical gatherings soon to assemble. The world is in desperate need of fellowship—conscious fel- lowship of men with God and with one another. And a world in quest of such fellowship must look to the Church. For the Church has found in Christ the true secret of fellowship. Through Him we are brought near to God and through Him all cleavages of nation, class and race can be bridged. Fellowship with God We call upon our Churches to proclaim with fresh faith the unshakable conviction that only in a Divine fellowship can the need for human fellowship be met. “Our fellowship is with God and with His Son, Jesus Christ.” Apart from this we shall seek in vain for real solutions to any problem. The fullest fellowship between man and man requires fellowship with God in Christ. This is our basic need. And this brings us to the fundamental work of the Church—evangelism. We note with gratification the cooperation of the Churches in this service, the concerted appeal to men to follow Christ and ally themselves with His Church, the joining of the denominations in the Federal Council in simultaneous and united endeavors. We commend yet closer cooperation in order that the voices of all the Churches may be lifted up in one common summons to men to turn to God. 71 72 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Fellowship in Human Relations The issue of true fellowship with God our Father is fellow- ship with all His children. There is no more searching test of the extent to which our civilization is truly Christian than the measure to which fellowship has come to prevail in all the relations of men with one another. The fellowship to which Christ calls us is not for parts of life, but for all of it. It is not to stop at home or Church, it is to reach beyond the fac- tory gate, the national boundary and the color line. All the gulfs that separate men into self-seeking, suspicious or un- friendly groups are to be bridged by the spirit of fellowship that Jesus Christ releases in human life. Our industrial and economic life we must seek to build upon a basis of deeper fellowship. Unless brotherhood be a reality in the shop, the mine, the marketplace—where most men spend the greater part of their waking hours—it is not likely to be a reality elsewhere. In this sphere it is the primary function of the Church to infuse the lives of men with the spirit of God, thus breeding a race of men of goodwill disposed, even eager, to incorporate the principles of Christ’s kingdom into the entire social order. Vicarious sympathy for all classes of men is a prerequisite for preaching the social gospel: Given that sympathy, let all ministers of the gospel call men to follow Christ in all social relations and in the practice of the stewardship of all that they are and have. | We gladly emphasize the fact of a steadily developing social conscience in our country, which actually, if not consciously, has as its underlying principle Christ’s law of neighborly love. Our national prohibition law is a striking illustration of this new social conscience, which brushes aside without hesitation any claim of any individual to indulge any appetite or to per- form any act which is a menace to the social order. The effect upon the physical, economic, social and moral life of the nation of this extraordinary effort of society to protect itself from the liquor traffic has been so beneficial that it is now generally agreed that the law will stand, based as it is upon the unassail- able purpose “to promote the general welfare.” The present- day duty of the moral citizenship of the Nation we believe to be: 1. To magnify the value of the principle of total abstinence and the obligation upon law-abiding citizens to practice the same. 2. To make unmistakably clear to both the lawless sellers and the lawless buyers of intoxicants that the liquor traffic has MESSAGE TO THE CHURCHES 73 been permanently outlawed in the United States as the enemy of society; and 3. To urge local, State and Federal Governments to co- operate with increased vigor against the present organized resistance to the prohibition law until as adequate an enforce- ment of that law has been secured as of any other social legislation. World-Wide Fellowship The modern world, now a single neighborhood, demands for its very life the acceptance of the principle of fellowship among the nations. In our world today what happens any- where happens everywhere; what affects one affects all. We are all members one of another. Against war, as the denial of the Christian ideal of fellowship, we must bear clear and united witness. The voice of the Churches is unequivocally for the pacific settlement of all international disputes, for jus- tice and security to all nations on the basis of codified inter- national law, for the outlawry of war through the development of international agencies for bringing aggressor nations under the collective moral condemnation of the world. Realizing that the present burden of armament not only means a terrific economic strain, but also fosters the militaristic mind and leads to an atmosphere of fear in other nations, we voice the clear call of the Churches for a program of drastic reduction of armaments by all nations, in which our Government should participate, and, if occasion calls, should lead the way. The fellowship which the Christian Gospel seeks includes all races. “Has not one God created us? Have we not all one Father?’ Whatever superficial differences there may be, the body of humanity is one. For “if one member suffer all the members suffer with it, and if one member be honored all the members rejoice with it.” Upon every Christian falls the personal responsibility to seek justice for all, to cultivate mutual appreciation and coopera- tion, and to dispel false racial pride or desire to dominate others. Upon every minister of the Gospel falls the inescap- able duty of leadership in promoting a common fellowship in Christ as the ideal in race relations. The Christian Church cannot lower the standards of Christ. It is therefore uncom- promisingly opposed to any effort, organized or unorganized, which creates or fosters racial prejudice and suspicion and destroys that fellowship which should characterize the family of God. 74 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST The Church’s Responsibility From among the remaining tasks of the Church we single out two which especially challenge cooperative endeavors— religious education and missions, both at home and abroad. The urgent need for constructive attention to religious edu- cation calls for no argument. Upon this depends the moral and spiritual fibre of our nation. Here the sorry results of divisions of Christendom are conspicuously manifest; because of them religious education has been all but completely ban- ished from our public schools, to the grave peril of the na- tion’s future. This is a sin for which the Churches and the States should be called to repentance and to a conversion that should find some process in, or in connection with, the public schools, for matching intellectual training with that of a moral and religious nature. More directly are the Churches responsible for religious education in the home and in the Church. That the competi- tion for the interest of the child with growing multitudes of other concerns becomes more and more intense, and that the discipline of the home becomes more lax, only magnifies the importance of redoubled effort to stimulate in the home and provide in the Church those effective processes of education which shall secure the spiritual foundations of tomorrow. Both at home and abroad the work of Christian missions is increasingly a cooperative task. In the interest of the strength of the denominations themselves, although yet more for the sake of the victories of the Kingdom, we urge the Churches everywhere to cooperate with the mission boards in their pur- pose to avoid competitive overlapping on the one hand and consequent overlooking of less attractive fields on the other, and to arrive at effective comity. We would also summon the entire membership to the adequate financial support of the magnificent enterprise of the Churches which seeks to carry out the commission of the Master to witness for Him, begin- ning in our own community and reaching through State and Nation to the very ends of the earth. Finally, it is the call to fellowship with the Master which inheres in these differentiated calls. To this crowning fellow- ship you, the Churches, are summoning yourselves in this fra- ternal greeting from your representatives. Oe MESSAGE TO THE CHURCHES OF OTHER LANDS The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, assembled at Atlanta for its Fifth Quadrennial Meeting, con- veys to the Churches of other lands assurance of its high appreciation of the messages received from them. The achievements of these Churches in Christian life and service bring new inspiration. Their courage in the midst of grave difficulties enkindles new faith. The rich variety in which their life manifests itself affords new intimations of the fullness that is in Christ. Throughout our deliberations there has been a consciousness of the sympathy of our fellow-believers beyond the sea and a growing sense of the larger relationships in which we are made one with them. To the hope expressed by these sister Churches for closer cooperation in the defense and furtherance of the common cause the Federal Council responds whole-heartedly. To its sincere sympathy for those Churches passing through great trials, it would in the largest measure possible add prac- tical aid. It feels honored to join forces thus with the so- called “helping Churches” of Europe, which at a time of great distress have aided with such notable generosity and devotion. With gratitude it recognizes the value of the Central Bureau for Relief, not only as an organization for conveying material help to points of need, but also as a continuing agency for drawing together in increasingly vital relations the Churches of two continents. The growing sense of Protestant solidarity developed by the common need and the common summons to more sacrificial service qualifies us all alike for an advance in the name of Christ of greater momentum and power. At a critical moment, when in every country conditions make an unprecedented demand for those things for which the Churches of Christ supremely stand, it is ours to meet the challenge by an as yet unexampled unity of spirit and a hith- erto unattained effectiveness of cooperative effort. May the years just before us be marked by a more manifest leadership by the Spirit of the Living God; a more compelling vision of the things which He would have us together achieve and a more adequate reinforcement of the inner life of all our Churches by that strength which is from above. 75 THE PROGRAM OF THE FEDERATED CHURCHES FOR A WARLESS WORLD (Adopted at the Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council, December 8, 1924) The Church of Jesus Christ throughout the world has the responsibility for moulding the minds and wills of nations, no less than of individuals, to do justly, to love mercy and to walk humbly with God. Christians of all lands and of all Churches should seek with utmost determination to reconcile the nations, to eradicate their misunderstandings, prejudices, hatreds, fears and suspicions, and to create among them the spirit of unity and the noble purpose to work together for the common good. Ideals and Realization Realization of the ideals and principles of the Prince of Peace would mean the abolition of war and of all preparation for war. This would involve the acceptance of the spirit and the establishment of the agencies of justice, fair dealing and goodwill between nations. It would require the friendly co- operation of all nations in the creation and maintenance of international law, in the determination to settle every threaten- ing international dispute by judicial process or by proceedings of arbitration or conciliation, and in provisions for security, honor and economic opportunity for all alike, both great and small. For permanent world peace can come only from jus- tice, justice from impartial law, and impartial law only from orderly society, organized on the principles of universal good- will revealed to us in Jesus Christ. For the achievement of these sublime ends, under the guid- ance and blessing of God Almighty, we commend to the Churches of America the following concrete suggestions: The World Court Let the Churches of America continue their campaign for adherence by the United States to the Protocol of the Perma- nent Court of International Justice, under the terms stated by the late President Harding and urged by President Coolidge. This World Court of Justice is not only the fruition and consummation of many decades of American discussions, plans and desires for international peace through justice based on law, but also the promise of a larger and truer righteousness and justice among the nations, a step forward in the establish- 76 PROGRAM FOR A WARLESS WORLD oi ment of the Kingdom of God among men. This Court will, we believe, promote the development of a well-considered body of international law and the substitution of reason, justice and goodwill in place of the crude and savage methods of war or threats of war in settling international disputes and in main- taining legitimate and vital national interests. International Law Let the Christians of America steadily insist that the United States should actively cooperate with the nations of the world in codifying existing international law and in drafting and enacting new law to cover situations not covered by existing law. The United States should be among the first of the great nations on a reciprocal basis to accept the principles and the pledge to submit to suitable international tribunals for settle- ment every threatening dispute, whatever its nature may be. The Outlawing of War Let the Christians and Churches of America support with vigor the movement for the outlawing of war. America should heartily cooperate in the complete repudiation of aggressive war as a legitimate method for settling international disputes, remembering that where there is no aggression there will be no need for defense. Aggressive war should be branded as an international crime and an aggressor nation regarded as having committed a crime among the nations. Adequate and impartial agencies should speedily be established for determining the aggressor in spe- cific cases and for bringing to bear upon such a nation the combined moral condemnation of the world. Universal Disarmament Let American Christians support with united hearts and voices the call of all peoples for the drastic reduction of arma- ments of every kind. Armaments not only cost colossal sums wrung from im- poverished peoples, block industry, hinder production, con- sume capital, doom millions to helpless poverty, and cripple all movements for the common good, but they also foster inter- national suspicion, fears and hatreds in ever-widening circles of vicious influence. They help create the militaristic mind among their own people and also among suspecting neighbors. The time has come for nations to prepare and carry out to- gether vast and continuing programs for reduction of arma- 78 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST ment, in conjunction with pledges for the pacific settlement of every threatening international dispute and with adequate guar- antees of security and of maintenance of honor for the nations that give themselves to the program for peace. For disarmament must be mutual; it is impossible without security, and security depends upon adequate and enduring institutions and agencies for peace. American Christians should exert every influence to secure the issuance or the acceptance by the United States Govern- ment of an invitation to attend a World Disarmament Con- ference. We believe that our own Government should show its readiness for such a step by taking the leadership in the program for disarmament. Cooperation with Other Nations Let us as Christian citizens earnestly advocate the full co- operation of the United States with other nations in efficient international organization for the pacific settlement of every international dispute, for the outlawing of war and for a pro- gram of thorough-going disarmament for all, in which organi- zation all nations may take their full share in establishing world justice, in bearing world burdens and in maintaining world peace. In accordance with expressions, official and otherwise, al- ready made by the Constituent Bodies of the Federal Council, we advocate full, open and friendly relations between the United States and the League of Nations, without commit- ments which would involve us in the local politics of Euro- pean or of other nations. We believe that with proper reservations and a clear state- ment of America’s principles and international policies the United States might and should take her place at the side of all the nations cooperating in the League and could render im- portant service in solving difficult international problems and in promoting world justice and understanding, world good- will and peace. Reestablishing Right Relations with Japan Let American Christians study with utmost care the situa- tion of strain recently created between America and Japan by the action of Congress in abruptly annulling the Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan and in refusing even to consider Japan’s courteous offer to adjust the matter on any terms within the bounds of reason and honor. Congress committed an act in PROGRAM FOR A WARLESS WORLD 79 flagrant disregard of the customary amenities and procedures of international relations. Congress, moreover, disregarded the constructive proposals of President Coolidge and Secretary of State Hughes for a friendly solution and ignored the warning of Secretary Hughes that the proposed action “would largely undo the work of the Washington Conference on Limitation of Armament which so greatly improved our relations with Japan,” and that “the manifestation of American interest and generosity in provid- ing relief to the sufferers from the recent earthquake disaster in Japan would not avail to diminish the resentment which would follow the enactment of such a measure, as this enact- ment would be regarded as an insult not to be palliated by any act of charity.” These actions of Congress the Federal Council of Churches views with grave concern. We are deeply impressed by the declaration of the Honor- able Cyrus E. Woods, former Ambassador to Japan, that the Immigration Act of 1924 which repudiated all obligations of the Gentlemen’s Agreement was an international disaster of the first magnitude—to American diplomacy, to American business, to the Christian movement, and to American missions in Japan. We are also impressed by his declaration that what Congress desired might have been entirely and easily secured without in the least affronting Japan’s honor, dignity, self- respect, or international prestige. The point at issue was not the complete stopping of Japanese immigration. That principle was accepted by Japan many years ago, and the Gentlemen’s Agreement had been from the be- ginning honorably and faithfully carried out by Japan, as is proved by the figures annually published by our own Govern- ment. The point at issue was not the stopping of immigration, but the method adopted in annulling the Gentlemen’s Agree- ment and the enactment of a race-discriminatory law, the effect of which was to wound and humiliate a great and friendly nation. Let us seek a fundamental solution of our relations with Japan which, while completely protecting the Pacific Coast States from all dangers of Asiatic immigration, shall be thor- oughly courteous and free from humiliating race discrimina- tion. The issue is not “closed.” Some friendly adjustment must be found. Let American Christians urge such change in the law as would put Japan upon the quota basis, which would admit at the maximum only 150 immigrants annually, and which was 80 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST recommended by Secretary Hughes in February last and sup- ported by Ambassador Woods in his recent letter to the Fed- eral Council. The Forward Move of the Churches The Federal Council records its deep satisfaction in receiv- ing the stirring declarations and utterances of many of its con- stituent bodies, calling for the establishment of a Christian world order and for the complete abolition of war as a recog- nized and legitimate method of settling disputes between nations. It rejoices that for the achievement of these high ends fif- teen denominations have established Commissions, Commit- tees or Departments on International Goodwill to carry for- ward constructive educational programs within their own mem- bership and to cooperate with one another in the common effort to render more effective the Christian ideal of a warless world. Rejoicing in what has been done, the Federal Council ex- presses its conviction that, for the full achievement of our ideal, every national, state and city religious body should have an appropriate and effective agency to deal with this question, and in close cooperation with the Federal Council’s Commis- sion actually to carry out the essential educational programs. Denominations, pastors, congregations and church members should be urged to realize the weight of the responsibility resting upon them for the abolition of war and its complete banishment from the earth. The Federal Council earnestly suggests to all colleges, theo- logical schools and seminaries the importance of providing for their students effective courses on international questions and especially on the fundamental moral principles which must be generally accepted by nations before war and preparations for war will cease. It urges the introduction of lessons on these issues in Sunday-schools and in study groups and classes within or affiliated with the Churches. The Need for Prayer In seeking these high objectives of world justice, brother- hood and peace, the Federal Council calls upon all Christian people in every church and every home to pray as a people for forgiveness for our long apathy to the continuance of the war- system; forgiveness for our blindness to the utterly un-Chris- tian character of war; forgiveness for our national selfishness, PROGRAM FOR A WARLESS WORLD 81 for our lack of love to enemies, for our self-satisfaction and self-righteousness, for our race-pride and arrogance. Let us pray for fresh enlightenment of our minds, that we may see clearly where the pathway lies; for a new spirit of devotion to Jesus Christ, our Lord; for a new desire and a fixed will to do His will in our international relations. Let us educate our youth and our children to have faith in the possi- bility of achieving a Christian international life and of finding constructive methods for its realization. To these sublime purposes we summon the Christians and Churches of America. Let us seek to know and do the mind and the will of Christ, assured that these principles and ideals of His are rooted in the eternal and unchangeable character of God, the fountain of all justice and law, the infinite source of reason and love. Let us dedicate ourselves afresh to the ac- complishment of these high ends, seeking therein the guidance and blessing of the Prince of Peace. A PROGRAM OF APPLIED BROTHERHOOD IN RACE RELATIONS (Adopted by the Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council of the Churches, December, 1924) We have come to a period of the world when peaceful rela- tions among racial groups in daily life are vital to the domestic peace and prosperity of every nation and to all the nations. The assumption of inherent racial superiority by dominant groups around the world is neither supported by science nor justified by ethics. The effort to adjust race relations upon that basis and by the use of force is a denial of Christian prin- ciples. As it applies to the relations of white and Negro peo- ple in America it is a philosophy that leads only to suffering and despair. To demonstrate that Christian ideals are sufficient to solve the difficult.problems of race relations in America is one of the most challenging tasks before the Churches today. Chris- tians must seek as never before to remove suspicions, fears, misunderstandings and prejudices between racial groups and to foster mutual understanding, tolerance, respect for person- ality and the spirit of cooperation. We must replace attitudes and customs based upon past fears and hatreds by those based upon mutual interests and present service. For policies and methods of work to that end, in the spirit of Jesus Christ and under the guidance of God, we commend to the Churches of America the following: 1. Face tHe Facrs.—Let the Churches of America continue their study and discussion groups and the use of their pulpits and lecture platforms to bring the facts of race and race relations to the light of day. Let them help the newspapers and magazines to give larger space and attention to the whole range of information. The churches should continue to create a literature which shall fearlessly present the truth in this field. The experience of history, the knowledge of science, and the ethics and spiritual values of re- ligion are all needed as guides toward peace and goodwill between the races. 2. INTERRACIAL CONFERENCES. — The last few years have demon- strated the effective utility of conferences between thoughtful, con- scientious leaders of racial groups to discuss conditions that confront them and to adopt plans to deal with them. These conferences have been most effective where surveys have been made by competent per- sons beforehand to secure data as a basis for such conferences and program making. We urge the churches to foster and support such surveys and conferences. Contacts of the white and Negro people in America are largely made during unpleasant experiences of toil and strife. The churches afford strategic avenues of friendly fellowship under conditions that 82 APPLIED BROTHERHOOD IN RACE RELATIONS 83 make for racial respect and mutual confidence. The annual observ- ance of race relations Sunday is commended as a step in this direction. 3. INTERRACIAL CoMMITTEES.—Experience has shown that small committees of white and colored men and women have been indis- pensable for effectively carrying out constructive programs to improve conditions and race relations, especially in local communities. Let the Christians and churches of each community and of the nation increas- ingly give attention, service and support to such committees. 4. Justice THroucH Law.—The Churches have joined the cam- paign to abolish lynching in our land. That campaign has met with success as shown in the rapid reduction of the evil. Let the churches continue the crusade until America is a lynchless land. Let us go forward with a campaign for speedy and impartial trial for those accused of crime and for justice in the courts that shall guarantee to ihe citizen, irrespective of creed or color, full protection of our aws. 5. Economic Justice.—The Negro as a producer has many handi- caps in agriculture, industry, and commerce, because his white neigh- bors do not regard him as a man to be dealt with on the basis of capacity or worth. The voice and hand of the churches and of Christians generally should be raised that equal economic opportunity shall be accorded to every person on the basis of his ability. Amica- ble race relations in industry and business are of vital concern to religion. 6. REMOVAL OF DiIscRIMINATION.—The Churches of America have a challenge to the very principles they profess in the discriminations in housing conditions, school facilities, travel accommodations and other public provision of our communities. For the sake of our own ideals as well as for the protection of our fellow citizens, we are called upon to abolish and to prevent these discriminations. 7. Our CHILDREN AND YOUNG PropLe.—The education of our chil- dren and young people in attitudes of racial respect and appreciation is so vital for the future that the churches cannot ignore this respon- sibility as a part of their program of education. The white and Negro people, the two largest racial groups in Amer- ica, profess a common religion and common ideals of democracy. They possess mutual interests wrought out through generations of contact. As a result the American Churches have probably the most unique opportunity in the world to demonstrate the processes of inter- racial cooperation that will influence racial groups everywhere. dveuthewes Pat Ve: } PART ITI THE WORK OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL FROM 1920-1924 iN nity I i! s bs {! Naan f “if eos i Ser 24 A fh is } Vn FS a | kee t, ae ‘ THE FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING THE QUADRENNIUM A review of the cooperation of the churches in the Federal Council during the past Quadrennium is an occasion for fresh encouragement and larger faith. The progress which has been made has not been sensational but it has been steady and solid. Four years ago the churches found themselves in a period of confusion and uncertainty following the War and its attendant reactions. At the Quadrennial meeting of the Federal Council of the Churches in Boston in 1920 there was a new infusion of confidence and hope in the ideal for which the Council stands. The adoption of the report of the Com- mittee on Policy, looking toward a closer supervision of the program of the Council by the denominations themselves, added to this note of faith for the future of Christian co- operation. The following summary of a few of the more important tendencies and avenues of service during the past quadrennium will make it clear that substantial advance has been made and that the cooperative movement among the churches has a foundation upon which the future can build with confidence. Evangelism 1. There has been during the past four years a growing recognition of the central place of evangelism in the work of the Federal Council and of the necessity for cooperation among the evangelistic forces of the churches. There is especial satis- faction in the distinctly spiritual emphasis which has been given to all the phases of the Council’s work by the Commis- sion on Evangelism and Life Service. No one could desire for a moment any diminution, but rather great increase, of our present emphasis on the application of Christian principles to all the social and international problems of our day. No one can think deeply, however, about our contemporary life without concluding that we are not likely to experience any great advance in public righteousness without a very great ad- vance in personal holiness. The work of the Federal Council’s Commission on Evangelism, and of the denominational de- partments of evangelism that cooperate in it, has borne con- stant witness to this truth. The Gospel has been proclaimed with winning power in hundreds of communities, in the name of all the churches included in the Council. More than a score of communities every year have had the services both of 87 88 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST the representative of the Federal Council and of the several de- nominational committees on evangelism in planning simul- taneous campaigns in which the churches of the community agree on special periods for concerted emphasis on evangelism. In many more cities than those visited personally the same type of simultaneous evangelistic campaigns on the part of the pastors themselves is developing as a result of the demonstra- tion of its value elsewhere. The churches have been discover- ing that they can do concertedly in evangelism what they can- not do separately. By their combined action they have been able to capture the imagination of the community as no church could do alone. They have been able to create an atmosphere in which it was easier to talk to men about religion and their personal relation to Christ. New power has been developed in every congregation by the consciousness that it was par- ticipating in a movement in which the whole strength of the churches in that community was engaged. They have thereby found new meaning in the word of Scripture that “one man shall chase a thousand but two shall put,’—not two—‘ten thousand to flight.” During the past few months a new movement in behalf of greater attention to public worship and church attendance has been initiated, with the cooperation of the various denomina- tional commissions on evangelism, through the Federal Coun- cil. This has grown out of a conference and retreat held at Northfield, Massachusetts, last June, in which the representa- tives of the churches came together to consider how they might plan together for an advance program this year. The Commission on Evangelism has served also as a center through which the observance of special devotional periods is being developed in all the churches. The circulation of the topics of the Universal Week of Prayer at the beginning of the year and the promotion of the Fellowship of Prayer dur- “ing the period preceding Easter have served to focus the worship and intercession of the churches upon great common needs. Social Service 2. During the past four years, as during all its history, the Federal Council’s Commission on the Church and Social Ser- vice has been a center through which the churches have acted unitedly in bringing Christian principles to bear more effec- tively upon our social life. The outstanding illustration of the quadrennium was no doubt the vigorous and successful effort to create public opinion against the continuance of the twelve-hour day in industry. The facts in the case, with FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 89 especial reference to the steel industry, were carefully secured and a statement was issued setting forth the moral issues in such a clear light that it was published in almost every im- portant newspaper in the country. The effect on public senti- ment was increased many fold by securing the joint action of the Social Action Department of the National Catholic Wel- fare Conference and the Central Conference of American Rabbis in issuing the public statement. As is now well known, the greatest steel organization in the world soon afterwards announced that in response to the demand of public opinion steps were being taken toward the abolition of the twelve- hour day. That the Council is rendering a needed service in helping churches all over the country to plan programs of constructive social service is indicated by the requests which come from all quarters of the country for assistance. Noteworthy progress is being made through the combined interest of the churches in ministering to the prisoners in county jails, in developing a better recreational life in communities, in arousing public opinion against the evils of child labor, and in relating the church to other important enterprises of human welfare. In the great movement in behalf of inculcating respect for law, with especial reference to the Eighteenth Amendment, the Federal Council has played a quiet but most effective part. The notable series of conferences launched by the Citizens’ Committee of One Thousand owes its origin to the Chairman of the Commission on Councils of Churches, and his has been the guiding hand. The committee which has carried the independent responsibility for this movement was created at the joint invitation of Fred B. Smith and Hon. Carl E. Milliken, Chairman of the Federal Council’s Commission on Temper- ance. The service thus rendered unofficially by the Council and without any attempt to claim credit for the Council itself, is a striking illustration of a type of work which in varying measure is being performed almost constantly through the Federal Council’s agencies and staff. Research and Education 3. One of the most significant developments of the quad- rennium has been the establishment of the Department of Re- search and. Education upon a more adequate basis. Four years ago this work had been merely begun and was a part of a single commission, the Commission on the Church and Social Ser- vice. The needs that it met and the constant calls that came to it from pastors and churches in all quarters for assistance 90 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST have made it clear that this bureau of research ought to be established as a department of the Federal Council as a whole and this step has been brought about during the past year. The department works in the closest cooperation both with the other commissions of the Federal Council and also with the denominational agencies that are particularly interested in using its materials. The function of the Department of Research and Educa- tion is in no sense to make pronouncements or other official statements concerning the policy of either the Federal Council or of its constituent bodies. Its purpose is rather to secure impartially the informational data without which a wise and correct judgment cannot be framed. The INFORMATION SERVICE, publication of which was begun early in the quadrennium upon a bi-weekly basis, is now pub- lished weekly, and its steadily growing subscription list bears testimony to the important service that it is rendering to pas- tors and other Christian leaders throughout the country. It seeks to examine contemporary issues in the light of the Christian principles that are at stake and so to help the churches to understand more clearly the facts of social and international life on which they seek to bring the Christian Gospel to bear. Christian Race Relations 4. An advance step of far-reaching consequence was taken three years ago in the creation of the Commission on the Church and Race Relations. Developments since that time have demonstrated beyond any shadow of doubt the need for the efforts of such united activities by all the churches. Few things are more ominous than the widespread popularity of misleading books like “The Rising Tide of Color.” The dis- position to despise the gifts of other races and the tendency toward divisiveness among the races that go to make up the one family of God are both socially perilous and unchristian. Through the work of the Commission on the Church and Race Relations the ideal of interracial cooperation, as opposed to racial conflict and misunderstanding, has been given prac- tical expression through the development of interracial com- mittees made up of leading white and Negro citizens in nearly a score of important cities. This remarkable progress made in a period of less than three years indicates how great was the need for the service of the churches in this field. The Federal Council’s work has been carried forward with the constant cooperation of the Commission on International Racial Cooperation, with headquarters in Atlanta, and the FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM QI] lamented John J. Eagan, until his death, served as chairman of both bodies. A more conspicuous effort of the Council during the quad- rennium has been its campaign of education against the lynch- ing evil. The extensive publicity given to the facts through the channels of the churches and through the public press have, in the judgment of close observers, been no small factor in reducing the appalling lynching record of America to by far the lowest figure ever known in the present generation. Within the last few weeks a new enterprise in behalf of interracial goodwill has been undertaken by the Federal Coun- cil of the Churches. This looks toward the development of a better understanding and appreciation between Jewish and Christian people. Through the energetic leadership afforded by Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony, who has served as the acting chairman of a special committee appointed by the Federal Council’s Commission on International Justice and Goodwill, the resources have been secured for making possible a program of popular education in this most important area of race re- lations. Christian Internationalism 5. Ina world all but shattered by universal war and groping blindly for permanent peace, the work of the Federal Council’s Commission on International Justice and Goodwill in giving united expression to the Christian conscience on international affairs has been of outstanding significance. The Federal Council’s enlarged program in this field was vigorously pursued in connection with the National Conference on the Limitation of Armaments, held in Washington in 1921. It will be recalled that the quadrennial meeting of the Council in 1920 anticipated this step by urging the United States to take the lead in an international program for reduced arma- ments by all nations. Competent observers of American life have declared that, with the possible exception of the prohibi- tion of the liquor traffic, the churches have in no case brought their influence to bear more effectively upon a great public issue than at the time of the Washington conference. As is now well known, an official statement was issued by the gov- ernment after the conference was over, stating that of the thirteen million letters, telegrams and other requests which came to the government urging a reduction of armaments in some form, more than twelve million bore on their face evi- dence of having come from people who were thinking of the problem in religious terms. 92 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST The effort to secure participation in the Permanent Court of International Justice has been pressed with equal vigor during the last two years. As a result of the educational efforts of the Council, Armistice Day a year ago was widely observed throughout the country as a special occasion for emphasis upon the World Court and the judicial settlement of all international disputes. The conferences held with the President of the United States and the Secretary of State, at which representatives of the many denominations that had taken official action in support of the World Court, presented their denominational resolutions, made a most convincing dem- onstration that the concern for the World Court permeated the life of every Christian church. The energy of the Council is now being directed persistently toward an educational campaign for the outlawing of war and constructive measures for the peaceful settlement of all international difficulties. At the various denominational as- semblies and general conferences which have been held within the last two or three years repeated resolutions have been adopted expressing the tide of Christian sentiment that is sweeping through the churches on the issue of war. Fourteen of the denominations have now taken official action creating special committees to work for peace through the churches, and their cooperation with Dr. Gulick and the Federal Coun- cil’s Commission on International Justice and Goodwill prom- ises to make the influence of the churches felt much more powerfully than it has been hitherto. Since international goodwill finds its most convincing ex- pression in deeds of brotherly sympathy and love, the Federal Council has begun an active program of mercy and relief. Steady support has been given to the work of Near East Re- lief, which is carrying on its enterprise of mercy in one of the most war-torn areas of the world. Early in the quadrennium the program of European relief launched by Mr. Hoover was strongly supported. When the Russian famine came, a re- sponse was made by the Council in the name of the churches unitedly and with such an unexpectedly generous response that a representative of the Protestant churches was sent to Russia, in cooperation with the American Relief Administra- tion, to bring relief from the Christian Churches of America to needy clergy and their dependents and other intellectuals in the Russian Church. The appeal from the suffering in Germany a year ago also was an occasion for renewed activity on the part of the Federal Council in the field of mercy and relief. Both in the name of the churches themselves and in FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 93 cooperation with the American Committee for the Relief of German Children, an appeal to the Christian public of our country was made which had the double effect of saving thousands of lives and also of bearing testimony to the spirit of reconciliation between America and those who were once our enemies. The tension of feeling during the past year between the United States and Japan in connection with the provision of our immigration act excluding Japanese has thrown the work of the Committee on Relations with the Orient into strong relief. The wellnigh unanimous feeling in the mission boards and other agencies of all denominations that some friendly way should be found of dealing with the question of Japanese immigration found a united expression through the Federal Council of the Churches. Even though the appeal to public opinion made on this question by the Council was not imme- diately successful, the testimony which comes from Japan makes it clear that the sympathetic understanding on the part of the American Churches, as manifested through the Council, was one of the most powerful influences in helping the Jap- anese to retain confidence in the American people in spite of the strain put upon the existing goodwill between the two countries. The conclusion on the part of missionary leaders in Japan that the method and manner of the exclusion act may have set back the progress of the Christian movement in Japan by twenty years is leading the Federal Council to seek the right program for educating the public concerning the necessity for a revision of our present policy. Honorable Cyrus E. Woods, until a few months ago the Ambassador of the United States to Japan, has recently rendered significant service to the Council in conference and counsel on this ques- tion. Cooperation with the Churches of Other Lands 6. At no time in the previous history of the Federal Council have the relations of the American Churches to the Churches of other lands been comparable in significance to the situation at present. The quest for unity among the nations has led the Christian Churches of the world to see that the supreme contribution which they could make to world unity would be for them to give fuller expression to the supra-national char- acter of the Church’s fellowship. The aftermath of the war has made the cooperation of the American Churches with the Evangelical Churches of Europe a particularly momentous issue. The shattered economic life on the Continent has left 04 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST European Protestantism in large areas face to face with the greatest crisis in its history. The collapse of currencies, the rising cost of living, the cessation of former income as a result of the separation of Church and State, the general economic chaos, and the devastation of war have thrown on the Churches of Europe a burden which it is utterly impossible for them to bear unaided. : What the American Churches did in the period immediately following the war in behalf of the devastated churches of France is an illustration of what is now needed in far greater degree in giving assistance to our brethren in Germany, Aus- tria, Hungary, Poland and other countries where the war has had particularly devastating results. The assistance given to the French churches has now been completed, approximately one and a half million dollars having been contributed to the rebuilding and strengthening of French churches through the Council’s channels, in addition to the large amounts expended directly by the denominations themselves. The creation of the Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe by the notable conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, called on the initiative of the Federal Council of the Churches in the summer of 1921 gives promise of now making possible a far-reaching program of help to the Churches of the Con- tinent. The leadership of Dr. Adolf Keller of Zurich, Switzer- land, is making the Central Bureau an agency of outstanding significance for both the moral and financial support of the Protestant Churches of Europe on the part of their sister Churches in America and other countries. The appointment of Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich, the honored pastor of the American Church in Paris, to serve as the representative of the Central Bureau at the Federal Council’s office in this country, is a second step of large consequence in the effort to provide an effective clearing-house for the churches of this country in their contacts with the churches of Europe. The influence of the Central Bureau extends even further than to the problem of relief, for the fact that in it for the first time in modern history official representatives of most of the Prot- estant Churches of the Continent have come together, has tended to strengthen the cooperative movement among the European Churches as a whole. The establishment of the Evangelical Church Federation in Germany and of the Prot- estant Federation in Czecho-Slovakia affords conspicuous ex- amples of the way in which the cooperative movement in our own country is indirectly ministering to the development of a greater solidarity among the evangelical forces of the world. a Zz FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 95 This growing spirit of cooperation among the Churches of all nations has culminated in the proposed Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work to be held in Stockholm next August. In the original suggestion of this conference in 1919 and in the planning for it since, the Federal Council has played an important part. In the preparation of the reports for the American Section the staff of the Council has given unstinted service. Of special interest has been the influence of the Council in the last two years in bringing American Christianity into a new fellowship with the Eastern Orthodox Churches. The experience of confusion and suffering through which the Armenian, the Greek and the Russian Churches have been passing has led them to turn to the Christian forces of the West and has caused the hearts of the latter to expand in sympathy. To increase this fellowship and to establish con- tacts of mutual helpfulness, the Committee on Relations with the Eastern Churches, under the chairmanship of Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent, was established by authorization of the meeting of the Executive Committee of the Council a year ago. Community Cooperation 7. Undergirding the whole program which the Federal Council as a national agency for cooperation carries on, 1s the work of developing cooperation in the local community. In this field steady progress has been made during the past quadrennium. Within that period the following additional cities have created Councils of Churches or have advanced to the point of financing hitherto existing Councils in such a way as to make possible the employment of executive secretaries: Milwaukee, Wis.; Paterson, N. J.; Lincoln, Neb.; Kansas City, Mo.; Trenton, N. J.; Atlantic City, N. J.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Wilmington, Del.; Omaha, Neb.; Oakland, Calif.; Richmond, Va. There are now approximately fifty communi- ties in which the Churches are maintaining systematic and organized cooperation with each other through a local council or Federation of Churches. Each of these local councils is an autonomous body, responsible only to the Churches of that community, but looking to the Federal Council constantly for assistance and for inspiration. Gradual progress is also being made in the development of the state councils of Churches so essential to meeting the challenge of a better organization of rural Church life and assisting the program of cooperation in the smaller cities which are not in a position to maintain employed executives 96 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST for leadership in cooperative work. The remarkable success of the Ohio State Federation of Churches during the last two or three years in knitting together the evangelical forces of the state and in dealing with the questions of comity affords a valuable demonstration of what can be accomplished through a state-wide cooperation and of the necessity of em- phazing during the coming quadrennium this phase of the cooperative work. Christianizing Public Opinion 8. Few experiences of the quadrennium have been more gratifying than the unusual advance made in securing a digni- fied and effective publicity for the Churches in the daily press. Under the expert guidance of Mr. Hungerford, the Council’s adviser on all contacts with the daily press, the larger phases of the Churches’ work, especially their cooperative activities, have been put before the public in a way that has commanded widespread attention. In the case of such major moral issues as support of the World Court, the abolition of the twelve- hour day in industry, the support of prohibition and the appeal for respect for law, the campaign against the lynching evil and the effort to secure friendlier relations with Japan, the united work of the Churches has been a conspicuous feature in the daily news. Even in dealing with the more distinctly evangelistic and devotional phases of the Churches’ work it has been found possible to reach the public through the columns of the daily press. For the past two years, every day during Lent instalments of the Fellowship of Prayer, issued by the Federal Council’s Commission on Evangelism, have been carried in scores of papers in all parts of the country. We have been discovering that through a central agency which brings a message not simply from a single denomination but from the united evangelical forces, publicity can actually be- come a new form of evangelism and Christian education. That the service rendered by the Council in this field has been wel- comed by the newspapers is indicated by a letter from Mr. Percy S. Bullen, President of the Association of Foreign Cor- respondents in the United States, who writes: “May I say here, as representative of the Daily Telegraph (Lon- don) in the United States, that your publicity re Federal Council of the Churches of Christ is the very best that comes to my office. On various occasions I have found it valuable for cabling to London.” Other Areas of Service In several other important areas of work which it is im- possible to discuss in this brief analysis, valuable service has FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 97 been rendered during the quadrennium. The Washington Office has been an indispensable adjunct of the Council, serv-. ing as a constant point of contact with governmental agencies whenever information is desired or whenever the point of view of the Churches calls for expression. The work in behalf of army and navy chaplains, which centers in the Washington Office, has been bridging the gulf which has hitherto tended to separate the Churches’ representatives in Army and Navy from the normal life of the Churches themselves. The prep- aration and publication of the Yearbook of the Churches, which is a mine of information about the forces of religion in America, has also been an important function of the Wash- ington Office. The Western Office has served as a much-needed inter- preter of the Council in the Middle West. The Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone has filled an important place in providing a center through which the evangelical Churches can support the union Churches in this area, where difficult conditions present an unusual chal- lenge to all the religious forces and where common action is particularly essential. The Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Tercentenary, ini- tiated by the Council as an occasion for emphasizing the con- tribution made by French and Belgian Protestants to the life of America, has had the effect of strengthening the ties be- tween the Christian forces of America and of Europe and of strengthening the French and Belgian Protestant Churches in public esteem. Persistent efforts have been made to bring about a more united approach to the local Church and the local community on the part of the many agencies which are dealing with the various phases of the program of Christian education. The con- ferences held at Garden City, L. I., in 1921, and at Forest Hills, L. I., in 1923, have called the attention of the leaders in all phases of religious education to the necessity for a more unified program. The Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook, which had completed most of its work before the present quad- rennium began, has rounded out its service by the publication of its last two volumes, “Christian Unity—Its Principles and Possibilities,’ which appeared in 1921, and “The Teaching Work of the Church,’ which appeared at the end of 1923. One of the earlier volumes of the Committee—“The Church and Industrial Reconstruction”—is still in large demand by pastors and other Christian leaders throughout the country. 08 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST A Committee on Financial and Fiduciary Matters, ap- pointed by the Administrative Committee to consider how the great missionary and benevolent interests of all denominations might be furthered through interesting people more widely in generous provision for the Churches’ agencies, has found itself dealing with such an important problem that its continuance for the next quadrennium is clearly desired. Summary A glance at even a partial list of the publications of the Council suggests the range of its service. The following are a few of the volumes published during the quadrennium, in addition to the many pamphlet publications in all Commissions: The Churches Allied for Common Tasks The Progress of Church Federation (Revised Ed.) Christian Unity: Its Principles and Possibilities Year Book of the Churches (annually) The Christian Crusade for a Warless World . The Winning of the Far East International Christian Movements The Teaching Work of the Church Social Work in the Churches Reviewing the work of the quadrennium, one might sum- marize the service of the Council under five heads. The Council is seen to be: 1. A greatly needed clearing house of information and conference on matters of vital common interest to all the churches; 2. An indispensable center of coordination in fields where the de- nominations are at work; 3. A pioneer agency in carrying on, in behalf of the denominations, new types of work for which they have as yet no special agencies of their own, and which they could not do alone even if they had such agencies ; 4. An agency for developing organized cooperation among the churches of local communities throughout the country; 5. An organ of communication and cooperation with other impor- tant agencies—national and international, including the churches of other lands. Relations with Constituent Denominations A survey of the quadrennium justifies the conclusion that the relation between the Council and the denominations which comprise it has been becoming more intimate and direct. To maintain vital and representative relations with twenty-eight denominational bodies, differing as they do in forms of organi- zation and point of view, is an extraordinarily difficult task, but the attempt to do so is being made constantly and honestly and with an increasing measure of success. At the monthly FEDERAL COUNCIL’S SERVICE DURING QUADRENNIUM 99 meetings of the Administrative Committee, which includes one official representative of each denomination, the whole pro- gram of the Council is considered in detail and no important actions are taken without its clear authorization. The Execu- tive Committee, made up of about one hundred of the official representatives of the constituent bodies, each year passes in review the development of the preceding twelve months and considers policies and program for the coming year. Side by side with the development of closer relations between the Council and the constituent bodies must go a correspond- ing development in their responsibility for the financial needs of the Council. The policy adopted unanimously at the last Quadrennial Meeting, looking toward the assumption of the full responsibility for the Council by the constituent denom- inations, rests upon the acknowledged purpose of effecting closer oversight of the Council in every respect by the constit- uent bodies. Progress has been made in the assumption of this financial responsibility by the denominations, nearly one- third of the total budget of the Council having come through denominational channels last year. ‘This represents nearly a three-fold increase over the practice of a few years ago, but the present advance is in no sense sufficient. A few of the de- nominations are now giving a proportional financial support to the Council which, if matched by the others, would mean a new day of opportunity for the Council by freeing it from the burden of having to secure from outside sources so large a part of the funds for the work which the Council is carrying on under the direction of the constituent bodies. During the quadrennium the United Lutheran Church has become a consultative member of the Council. The Evangeli- cal Association and the United Evangelical Church have merged in a new body known as the Evangelical Church, thereby reducing by one the number of constituent bodies in the Council, but giving a notable expression of the spirit of unity. The Council has been regularly represented at the official assemblies or conventions of the constituent denominations in order that its program and policies might be interpreted to the constituent denominations and that information might be given about any questions on which it might be desired. Relations with Other Interdenominational Bodies The Federal Council of the Churches and the other inter- denominational bodies which are carrying on cooperative ser- vice in specialized fields are gradually finding a closer rela- 100 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST tionship to each other, partly through their representation upon the Administrative Committee of the Federal Council, where they meet month by month for purposes of conference and for preventing duplication of effort, and partly through their com- mon membership on the Consultative Committee, made up of representatives of the Federal Council and the several inter- board agencies. The Consultative Committee has served dur- ing the quadrennium as a meeting place from time to time to discuss important questions of common interest and for carry- ing forward certain studies in behalf of all the organizations, such as the Report upon Recruiting for Christian Life Service, now nearly completed. We cannot close this record of the quadrennium without a word of gratitude and affection to the many leaders in all the Churches whose counsel and sympathy and active support have made possible whatever advance has been made. Among the hundreds who deserve mention, and without whom the Council could not have carried on its work, particular refer- ence should be made to the President of the Council, Dr. Robert E. Speer, who has given unstintingly of his time and has brought rich insight and wisdom to every important de- cision. No factor has counted for more in the development of the last four years than his rare leadership. The work of the Council is not an outside or independent work, but the work of the denominations that comprise it. Its achievements are their achievements; its failures their fail- ures. It is not a super-organization. It has no life but a derived life, no authority but a delegated authority. It exists to serve the common needs of the Churches that called it into being, and desires above all things that they shall exercise the control and assume the full responsibility that is rightfully theirs. : FREDERICK W. BuRNHAM, Chairman of Executive Committee. Joun M. Moore, Chairman of Administrative Committee. CHARLES S. MACFARLAND, SAMUEL McCrea Cavert, General Secretaries. COMMISSION ON COUNCILS OF CHURCHES The last four years have witnessed the steady development of the Church Federation movement throughout the United States. The work of organizing new councils of churches and financing councils that had been formed but had never employed executive secretaries, has gone forward with encour- aging success. During this period the churches of the fol- lowing cities have established Protestant headquarters and employed executive secretaries: Kansas City, Mo.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Milwaukee, Wis. ; Atlantic City, N. J.; Paterson, N. J.; Trenton, N. J.; Wilming- ton, Del.; Richmond, Va.; Oakland, Calif.; San Francisco, Calif.; Springfield, Ill.; Lincoln, Neb.; Omaha, Neb., and Haverhill, Mass. Assistance has also been given to four cities which were in need of being re-financed. Fewer demands are being made upon the commission for service of this kind because the councils are more firmly established financially. At the close of this Quadrennium there are forty-eight cities in the United States in which the cooperative work is well established through the securing of executive leadership. The Commission has in all these cases contributed the services of its secretary in organizing councils, the cities being respons- ible only for the expenses of the campaign. The time has come when the city councils must accept more responsibility for this extension work. This increase in the number of councils of churches indicates only in part the progress that has been made in the Federation movement. The increased support that has been given in the cities which have been organized—some of them for at least a dozen years—suggest the confidence that the people have in this plan of cooperative work. A study of the budgets made at a recent date shows that at the present time more than five hundred thousand dollars is raised by the cities and states to make Christian cooperation effective. A high percentage of this amount comes from the participating congregations. A most important element in the progress has been the en- richment of the program of activities. Without question, the tendency in all these cities is to depend more and more upon one comprehensive organization to do many things that were formerly done by volunteer groups of individuals who were interested in certain phases of cooperative work. The pro- gram of cooperation has been made the richer because of this 101 102 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST dependence upon the existing organization that is built upon the responsible unit, the local church. At the beginning of the Quadrennium a problem that faced practically all the councils and federations of churches was that of cooperation in religious education. Much time has been spent by the secretaries in studying the relation of the council of churches to the organizations engaged in religious education. With the working out of the relationship between the International Sunday School Association and the denom- inational boards having to do with religious education, form- ing thus the International Council of Religious Education, the problem has been simplified. The cooperation between the newly formed organization and the councils and federations of churches has been very close, so that there has come about a consciousness of unity in the work that makes for greater efficiency and eliminates the danger of friction. The most notable development along this line has been in the city of Chicago, where the Chicago Council of Religious Education has been formed through the working out of a plan which has brought into splendid working relations those representing the Chicago Sunday School Association and the Chicago Federa- tion. In developing this cooperation it was agreed that the Council of Religious Education which was formed should sustain a three-fold relationship. ‘First of all, it shall be rep- resentative of the several communions cooperating in the Chi- cago Church Federation and such other communions as are cooperating in the International and State Councils of Re- ligious Education and in the Chicago Sunday School Asso- ciation. In the second place, it shall be representative of the State and National Councils of Religious Education in the area which it covers; and third, it shall be the Department of Religious Education of the Chicago Church Federation and the Federation shall carry on its work in the field of religious education only through the Council.” More and more the churches are recognizing that the coun- cil is literally a council of churches. This has been evidenced in the increase in the financial support that is given directly by the churches. There has been a steady growth in the de- velopment of the plan to put the council in the budgets of the churches. The funds thus secured are used mostly for the administrative expenses of the council. Various departments are financed through the support of individuals. More and more business men are making their contributions for relig- ious work, locally and nationally, directly to the churches. With the increase in the support given to the councils of churches there has been a steady tendency to lengthen the time COMMISSION ON COUNCILS OF CHURCHES 103 of service the secretaries are rendering in the same position. During this Quadrennium two secretaries, Dr. Wright of Cleveland and Dr. Zahniser of Pittsburgh, have celebrated their tenth anniversary in the secretaryship. Four years ago it was a very difficult thing to secure the serious consideration of this position by able men, save those who had a vision of what had to be done. Such is not the case today. The success of the movement has given evidence that the council of churches is an abiding factor in the religious life of our cities and that there is a future for the man who goes into this work. The Association of Employed Executive Secretaries has held an annual meeting each year for ten years, at which time three or four days have been devoted to a discussion of the principles and methods of cooperative work. In these meet- ings the men of the different cities have been brought close together, so that there has developed a very fine fellowship. The recent developments make it clear that this Association will play a much larger part in the extension of the Federation work to all parts of the country. With at least three-fourths of the major cities of the coun- try organized, the next important step must be the formation of state councils of churches. At the present time five states are organized and employ executive secretaries, four of them having full time secretaries: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Ohio and California. Pennsylvania has a part time secretary but is planning to employ a secretary for full time during the coming year. The importance of the State Council of Churches can be appreciated when we realize that there are scores of cities throughout the United States that are not large enough to em- ploy a full time secretary yet are in need of this plan of co- operation. These cities can do the work under volunteer leadership when inspiration and counsel can be given to them by the representatives of the state organizations. This is being splendidly demonstrated in the organized states. The Ohio Council of Churches now employs three field secretaries to secure these results. The great problem of comity that is becoming more and more pressing can be met only by the coordinated effort of the state denominational bodies, especially outside the large cities. The rural problem demands that the state council shall be formed that the leaders may continuously and intelligently deal with the problem. The church leaders in a number of states such as Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Minnesota are already moving forward in the organization of councils and are looking to the Federal Council for assistance. The need 104 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST for the practice of comity is one of the greatest reasons for having a state council of churches. At the same time comity awakens fear in the hearts of some and is a real hindrance. The fear is that an intelligent, fearless facing of the problem of the over-churched village may mean eliminations or merg- ings. The bold decision of one denomination to have “fewer but stronger churches” is a step in the right direction. To adequately deal with the comity problem calls for close co- operation with the officers of the Home Missions Council. One of the delightful phases of the work during the last four years has been the close fellowship with the secretaries of the Young Men’s Christian Associations in the cities in which councils have been organized. In practically every case the Association has furnished campaign headquarters and generously contributed stenographic service and the use of the telephone. The secretaries and their associates have given much valued counsel in dealing with local conditions. In some cities the secretary of the Council is also secretary of the Council of Religious Education. Through the close cooperation of this character with Councils of Religious Edu- cation other cities have executive leadership in carrying out the community programs of the churches. This again is the case in the smaller cities. Such cooperation demands the most capable secretaries. Under the general guidance of the leaders of the State Council of Churches many cities are going to have successful Councils by bringing together in working programs the Young Men’s Christian Associations, the Young Women’s Christian Associations, the Councils of Religious Educations and the Council of Churches. This cooperation of the forces of the whole church will make the church a force that will be felt in all the life of the community. The Executive Committee of the Council of Churches brings into monthly conference the representatives of the churches and of the Christian organizations in cities and in states. This committee is the Christian Board of Strategy which is bring- ing about unity in spirit and in action. The responsibility that rests upon these bodies is very great. The fruits of this type of leadership make it inevitable that no city and no common- wealth will long be without it. Only through such cooperation can the Church most fully meet its obligations. Frep B. SMITH, Chairman, Roy B. GuItp, Harry N. HoiMEs, Executive Secretartes. COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM AND LIFE SERVICE The past quadrennium has been by far the most important in the history of the Commission. The Churches are looking to it as the clearing house for those great spiritual purposes which are set forth in the constitution of the Federal Council and which mean so much in the development of that unity for which Christ prayed. During the quadrennium a large number of the Churches affiliating with the Federal Council have or- ganized distinct departments or commissions of Evangelism. Through their activity in the development of comprehensive plans of special appeal and service the word Evangelism has taken on a new meaning in the vocabulary of the Church. If it was once synonymous with revivalism centering in mass movements, more or less spectacular and emotional, it has come to mean far more than great meetings under men specially called of God to be leaders in revival movements for which the world has had great need. Evangelism has come to mean the whole spiritual outlook of the Church, both in the realm of the child and in the experience of the man and woman who have turned aside from paths of peace and virtue and need to be reclaimed by the mercy and grace of Jesus Christ. We are emphasizing the training of the home and Sunday School as the most fundamental part of Evangelism. Re- ligious education is at the front in our great denominational movements. While forms of work differ, some adopting the catechetical method which has been honored for centuries with marked spiritual results, we are nevertheless seeking to make plain the fact that since Christianity is not a dogma or a creed alone but also a life, no amount of purely intellectual appre- hension of truth will lead a soul to a personal knowledge of Christ as his Guide and Savior. It is the ‘truth as it is in Jesus” to which we are committed. It is the practice and not simply the contemplation of virtue that gives the soul peace. The world by wisdom knows not God and the most persistent study, even of the Bible itself, is not synonymous with virtue. Ingersoll studied the Bible more persistently than Lincoln. One sneered at it, the other sought to follow its teaching. Char- acter is the deposit of conduct and conduct has its vital roots in personal relation to God. Evangelism stands, therefore, for the unfolding of all those principles which make for spir- itual life and practice. 105 106 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Interdenominational Visitation The cities throughout the country have solicited our Secre- taries of Evangelism to assist the Churches in presenting method and inspiration for united simultaneous effort for spiritual results. Our office has given its time and full staff to formulating the plans by which this could be accomplished. The Secretaries of the several denominations have given them- selves as far as possible to this work. Itineraries have been arranged by our office and the Secretaries notified weeks in advance. They have been asked to be in correspondence with their own denominational leaders in the given area and to urge them to make careful preparation for the meetings, to be present and to plan to put into execution the program pro- posed. The universal testimony is that nothing has contributed more to the growing spirit of unity among the Churches than to see representatives of the Baptist, Congregational, Disciples, Dutch Reformed, Episcopalian, Evangelical, Lutheran, Metho- dist, Presbyterian, United Brethren, Reformed and many other Churches standing on the same platform and without a dis- cordant note proclaiming the great evangelistic message in which they were all alike interested. There has been oppor- tunity also for the representative of each denomination to meet his own people for such denominational emphasis as he thought best to give. These meetings have been held in Boston, Brook- lyn, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Pitts- burgh, Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City and scores of other cities, and in every city named we have repeated our visits because of the insistent demand of the Churches. In the coming January these Secretaries go to the Pacific Coast in answer to the request of the Churches in the leading cities. We have also developed county and state work, and are helping in the forming of such associations as hope to meet the evange- listic need of the rural communities. Some of the Churches— notably the Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians—are seek- ing by state conferences or Presbyterial movements to reach every community where they have responsibility. They are doing this to an extent which was not believed possible four years ago. A Concerted Movement for Church Attendance Our Commission invited the Secretaries of Evangelism to meet together at Northfield for three days in June for a spir- itual conference, where the first object should be the seeking of spiritual power and illumination in their own souls that they might be fitted to lead and inspire those who were looking to EVANGELISM AND LIFE SERVICE 107 them as key men. Under that guidance it was hoped that such plans and methods as could be wisely used might be developed. We were not disappointed. Thirteen denominations were rep- resented by one or more of their leaders, in addition to their Secretaries. By the testimony of the men themselves it was a most remarkable meeting in spiritual power. They were in one accord and plans were inaugurated that have already achieved remarkable success. It was felt that the great fundamental need of the hour was to develop the spirit of worship. A gen- eral method of increasing church attendance was planned and has been put into execution. A stirring paper was presented by Dr. R. L. Russell of the M. E. Church, South, on the “Absentee Church Member.” It was ordered printed by our Commission and thousands of copies of it have been distributed throughout the country. The paper by Dr. R. C. Helfenstein, of the Christian Church, on “The Pastor and Evangelism,” is now being printed. Our Committee on Literature, of which Dr. F. L. Fagley, of the Congregational Commission, is Chair- man, has sent out suggestive items for twelve messages to be used in church and local papers. Dr. Jesse M. Bader, Superin- tendent of Evangelism for the Disciples, was asked to send special articles to the Churches. We have published messages on the value of church attendance from Presidents, Governors and Congressmen, judges and educators, as well as ministers. Your Secretary was instructed to prepare a message on Lay- men and the Church, thousands of copies of which have already been distributed. It is too soon to get the full reports from this movement to arouse new interest in public worship and church attendance, but the pastors’ reports already in hand indicate that nothing surpassing it in efficiency has ever been done cooperatively by the churches. Our Canadian brethren have also joined us and we have sent them our literature. It was our Northfield Conference that made it possible for us to unite all our Churches in this concerted effort, leaving each church at liberty to push it by its own methods in its own terri- tory, while we were able by our methods of stimulation and publicity to put the facts before the whole country in a way to command greater attention than any denomination could secure alone. We also united on a Fellowship of Prayer program, which is more far-reaching than anything of the kind in the history of the Christian Church in America. Last year more than 300,000 copies of this booklet were circulated and hundreds of newspapers published every day during the pre-Easter period the Scriptures, song and prayer that we suggested. -Certainly millions of people had these spiritual messages called to their 108 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST attention; and many of these people would not have been in touch with the Church or worship otherwise. The Topics for the Universal Week of Prayer are coming into increasing favor. In this we join with Christian people throughout the world. Our President, Dr. Speer, has prepared the topics for this year in cooperation with the World’s Evan- gelical Alliance of England and they have been adopted in twenty different countries. Religious Life in the Past Quadrennium This is a time for deep heart-searching on the part of the Church. The fearful legacy of war in hatreds and jealousies and misunderstanding among the nations has been reflected in the Church. The quadrennium opened with greater indiffer- ence and greater abandon in sins of selfishness, of lust and passion than we felt before the war. Brave faith seemed fallen, the old hopes dead. The pendulum has swung from that, and a year ago we had the best report of ingathering for several years, but the year now closing has been marked by an apparent dropping in zeal and in attention to the one great busi- ness of the Church. There have been several contributing causes. The leaders of the churches advance two reasons as the most potent: First, there have been theological discussions, not always in the kindliest spirit, which have distracted the Church from its high task of being the salt of the earth and the light of the world. Such discussions have at times been acrimonious. Is it not time for the Church to catch the spirit of Nehemiah building the walls of Jerusalem and to say to those who divert the builders by queries and quibbles, “I am about a great work and I cannot come down. Why should the work cease while I leave it and come down to you?’ The task which confronts the Church today is to build up the Kingdom. It is not a time for talk; it is a time for work, for love and for zeal. All right- minded men are agreed upon the great principles of the Christian life—to deal justly, to love mercy and to walk hum- bly with God. Say ye to the righteous, “It shall be well with him.” Who doubts it? Say ye to the wicked, “It shall be ill with him.” Nobody in heaven or earth or hell can deny that. We talk about our doubts. Does anybody doubt that he who walks with God as revealed to us in Christ walks a safe and helpful path? Let the Church put its doubts in its pockets and go to walking with God, and when it feels for its doubts they will be gone. Christianity is a religion of kindness and love. How much will knowledge without love avail? “As much as it avails the Devil and his angels,” said John Wesley EVANGELISM AND LIFE SERVICE 109 Let us cease all contention and go to building character after the pattern shown in our Lord Jesus Christ, and then the walls of the City of God will go up. Second, there are others who feel that the emphasis upon denominational drives for money has been too great and energy has been diverted from spiritual work, bringing in the end an unsatisfactory showing even in the offerings so strenuously insisted upon. It is not necessary to force either or both of these answers. There will doubtless be great difference of opinion as to the cause or causes, but the condition is not a matter of opinion but of fact. Only one of the large Churches has made a greater gain this year than last, and this denomination has with full purpose of heart put evangelism at the head of all her efforts, and doing that, her financial return has been also great. Personal Evangelism While there are men of God among us whose work has re- ceived the special approval of God in tabernacles and other mass movements, there is a growing feeling that the great dependence of the Church must be put on the regular agencies of the pastors and laymen of the Church. This plan has been put into practice in many cities by pastors instructing their own church workers how to do personal work, meeting at an early hour each evening and then after prayer going out, in many cases two by two, and continuing this daily for two weeks in a given community, without special meetings of any kind. In some cases this has been followed by public meetings, where new converts have been urged to public confession of Christ and to immediate action in bringing others into the same ex- perience. This furnishes every church member an opportunity for service, as the pastor has already made out a list of those who ought to be reached and assigned them to his workers. We have brought to the attention of the Churches the matter of the absentee church member, with special emphasis on his neglect of the means of grace. We would recommend to pas- tors and officials throughout the Churches a change of atti- tude in the matter of removals by church letter. Testimony comes to us from every side affirming that in many cases it is difficult for a member to secure a transfer to another church. Because of that, members moving to other cities will not give themselves the trouble or annoyance of asking for their letters. With the coming of a new pastor their names are likely to be dropped and so lost to the Church, or, if a church letter is re- ceived, the pastor of the Church giving it does not keep in touch with the member until the letter is placed in some other 110 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Church and does not inform the pastor in the city to which the member has moved of his presence there. It is therefore very easy to shirk all responsibility—financial and spiritual. We would like to remind the Church of this fact and ask each denomination if it cannot adopt some better method of looking after its members in transit from one church to another. The Radio and Worship The radio is a mighty agency for good or evil. More than three million sets are in use and there are five hundred and sixty commercial broadcasting stations in the United States. It is estimated that twenty million listeners constitute the radio audience. A year ago we sent an earnest request to the Secre- taries of City Federations and other Church leaders through- out the country asking that they use the radio to broadcast every Sunday, and as often as possible through the week, ser- mons of real evangelistic value, in which the spiritual note should be supreme. In many cities this has been accomplished in a remarkable degree. The results in New York from the work of the Federation of Churches have been most satisfac- tory and hundreds of messages have been received from people who have accepted the invitation of the preacher and given themselves to Jesus Christ for life and service. Some, however, are questioning the spiritual value of the radio. They are affirming that many remain at home from the morning service, and without spiritual or physical prepara- tion hear the message over the radio. All the accessories of worship are absent, and the critics say that under such circum- stances the prayers themselves lose most of their value, the family is confirmed in habits of personal indolence, and the Church and pastor lose the inspiration which comes from their presence in the sanctuary. This is a matter to be settled by actual experience and we shall be glad to know what the re- sults of this new form of the proclamation of the truth really are. J. Ross STEVENSON, Chairman. CHARLES L. GOODELL, Executive Secretary. COMMISSION ON CHRISTIAN EDUCATION The special effort of the Federal Council of the Churches in the field of religious education during the past quadrennium has been to secure a more effective correlation of the many agencies already working in this field. The need for a cor- relation of programs is almost unanimously admitted by the educational leaders in the Churches. A host of agencies, Sunday School, Week-day School, Vacation Bible School, Mission Study groups, Young People’s Societies, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Scouts, Camp Fire Girls and others are all pro- jecting important programs, but there is at present no common understanding in accordance with which each agency ap- proaches its work in the light of what is being contributed by the others to the total education of the individual. The result is that these agencies are often competing with each other for the attention of the same boys and girls, while other groups in the community are unreached by all of these agencies. A significant conference for the purpose of discussing this problem, held under the auspices of the Federal Council at Garden City, Long Island, May 12-13, 1921, attended by rep- resentatives of most of the agencies, offered programs of religious education. This conference included in its findings the following declaration: “We register the conviction that some more inclusive coordina- tion is essential to the complete fulfillment of our whole educa- tional task. We feel an imperative need for some continuous provision for conference on the part of all the agencies carrying on the many-sided work of Christian education. Such problems as those which we have considered in this Conference are not the concern of one agency alone, or even of a group of agencies cov- ering less than the whole field; they can be solved adequately only as the various agencies make their plans in full knowledge and understanding of what is being planned by others. To awaken the public conscience to the need for Christian education; to secure a system of Christian education that shall include the whole community; to reach the groups outside the churches and now untouched by any of our agencies; to relate the work of the Sunday School, of the agencies for missionary education, of the Young People’s Societies, of the Young Men’s and the Young Women’s Christian Associations, of the Boy Scouts and other or- ganizations in the local community more closely to one another; to adjust the Church’s educational work to that of the public school; to study religious education scientifically and to make the best use of modern research in general education; to organize more effectively the religious influences in the institutions of higher learning that are not supported by the churches; to corre- late the Church’s agencies for religious education in the parish with her agencies for religious education in her schools and col- 111 112 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST leges—these and other problems all demand the united considera- tion of all the agents of Christian education if the most effective program is to be achieved.” The work of this gathering was carried forward by a con- tinuation committee until the Spring of 1923 when a second Conference on Correlation of Programs was held at Forest Hills, Long Island, May 2-4. The Findings of this gathering, which were as follows, have drawn wide-spread attention to the necessity for a more united approach to our common edu- cational task: “1. The child in the local group is the basis of correlation of program material. “2. Local initiative and experimentation in program- -making are to be encouraged and stimulated, even in the less resourceful com- munities, rather than the adoption of prescribed programs of activities. “3. In order to make available a vane of source material in a form usable by local communities, and in order to give them stimulus, help and guidance, typical programs should be developed nationally. Such programs should grow out of local experimenta- tion, and every effort should be made to prevent them from be- coming fixed and static. “4. National organizations have important functions to perform in encouraging experimentation, comparing the results from vari- ous communities, serving as a clearing house for successful methods, developing and training leaders and especially in sensing problems or plans that might be typical of any large grouping in American or world society, so that there may be the outlook of the larger groupings as well as of the local community. “5. In view of the larger value which comes from the develop- ment of plans locally, and in view of the fact that no one type of program can meet the needs of every community or group, pro- grams should be presented by the national organizations in such form as will make possible individual selection and adaptation and stimulative initiative and resourcefulness. Community groups should work out plans locally, using national programs as source material in meeting different kinds of situations. “6. As an immediate step in facilitating this procedure, the com- mon, as well as the distinctive material of the different programs now existing should be codified and cross-referenced so as to make it more available. for use in the development of self-directed activities. “7. We note with appreciation the fact that the Committee on International Curriculum of the International Lesson Committee plans to have integrally related to its work on a church-school curriculum all the elements involved in the entire program of religious education. “8. We recommend that each of the general agencies concerned in religious education be asked to name two representatives to a Council on Correlation, which would serve as a clearing house of problems and plans of mutual concern. “We recommend that this Council be convened at an early date by the Commiteee which called this Conference. CHRISTIAN EDUCATION 113 “While this Council will form its own organization and determine its own functions, we recommend (a) That it give attention to the codifying and cross-referencing of present program material; (b) That it consider the possibility of further cooperation on the part of all agencies concerned in the preparation of program material.” The Council on Correlation which was recommended by the Forest Hills’ Conference has held frequent meetings since that time under the chairmanship of Rev. Benjamin S. Winchester, who out of his long experience with the Sunday School Move- ment and his intimate contacts with nearly all the other agen- cies of religious education, brought an unusual equipment for this task. Most of the agencies, which were represented in the Forest Hills’ Conference, have designated at least one repre- sentative to sit regularly in the discussions of the Correlation Council. The progress made has been slow at times owing to the fact that the members are all drawn from the busy ad- ministrative staffs of the various cooperating agencies, but con- siderable progress has been made in analyzing the actual life situations of young people between the ages of twelve and seventeen, with a view to ascertaining more accurately just what each of the existing agencies has to contribute to the meeting of these life needs. It is the present plan of the Council to undertake to work out a correlated program of education for dealing with a few of the more urgent religious and social needs of young people, such as, education for temperance, education for honesty and education for Christian race relations. It is hoped that the experience gained through this limited attempt at correlation may help to guide towards a more complete correlation of educational programs. | Other important phases of educational work are being con- stantly carried on by many of the Commissions of the Federal Council, especially the Commission on the Church and Social Service, the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill and the Commission on the Church and Race Relations. The recent establishment of the Department of Research and Edu- cation for the Council as a whole is expected to bring together under a more unified direction all phases of research and education now being carried on by the Council. WILLIAM ADAMS Brown, Chairman. COMMISSION ON THE CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE The Commission on the Church and Social Service has had a rapid development and a steadily widening range of service between the years 1920 and 1924. The growth of the Research Department falls almost entirely within this period, and the same is true of the Industrial and Community Conferences, of which above one hundred and twenty-five have now been held. Work has been undertaken in the fields of child welfare and delinquency, and a large volume of service has been rendered by the Department of Community Relations, which includes assistance to local churches in developing their community service, and similarly to state and city federations of churches, and interesting and important relations with national social agencies and movements. Development of the Research Department Rev. F. Ernest Johnson came to the Commission as a part time secretary in 1918. By the close of that year a long-con- templated Department of Research was begun, and by the end of the quadrennium the Information Service had been started, studies had been made of industrial conflicts in Denver and Lawrence, and of the Motion Picture industry, and the first volume of the Industrial Problem Series, “What is the Chris- tian View of Work and Wealth,” had been completed. The Department, however, has had its main development during the last four years. With the growth of its experience and effectiveness it became desirable to extend its service to other Commissions of the Council, and finally within the cur- rent year another need which has been long foreseen was met by constituting the Research Department a Department of Research and Education for the entire Council. Since the work of the Department of Research and Educa- tion, both in its former capacity and as at present constituted, appears in a separate report, it is not necessary to restate it here. Community Conferences The Secretarial Council, made up of the denominational sec- eretaries for social service, has had from the beginning a pri- mary interest in the interpretation of Christian principles to economic conditions. It may truly be said to have been their most absorbing interest. In the Spring and Autumn of 1920 the Commission began holding conferences in industrial centers, with a view to dis- 114 CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE 115 cussing the relation of the church to industry with pastors and laymen, and if possible to induce Christian employers and leaders of organized labor to consider the possibility of work- ing out cooperative relations along Christian principles, instead of the prevailing state of either active or latent antagonism which obtains in so many industries. The tirst trial conference was held in Atlanta, in May, 1920, when under the inspiring and generous leadership of the late John J. Eagan, Mr. Earl Dean Howard, of Chicago, and the Executive Secretary met in conference first the pastors of Atlanta and in the evening a large number of the employers of the city. Since that time approximately 125 conferences have been held in various parts of the country, including the cities of New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Rochester, Buffalo, Cin- cinnati, Dayton, Columbus, Detroit, Chicago, Kansas City, Topeka, Omaha, Des Moines, Minneapolis, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, San Francisco, Fresno, Bakers- field, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, El Paso, San Antonio, Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, New Orleans, Birmingham, Spartanburg, Norfolk, and numerous smaller industrial centers. In most two-day conferences Sundays are devoted to the discussion of the meaning of Christ’s teaching as to the human relationships of industry. In addition to clergymen who have specialized in this field, large use has been made of the volun- tary service of employers and leaders of labor who have done serious thinking or experimentation in industrial relationships. In the Boston conference sixty-five pulpits were opened on one Sunday, and the cooperation included the Catholic Archdio- cese, the Jewish and the liberal churches. In the Buffalo con- ference also a number of speakers were brought in for Sunday. Gradually a considerable group of suitable speakers, from both employers and labor, and including also ministers and professors of sociology and political economy, have been dis- covered in various parts of the country. They have given their time generously and with real interest, in spite of the fact that they have sometimes faced criticism from their own groups and that the conferences have often been inadequately set up because of the lack of a field secretary to go in advance. The scope of these conferences has been gradually broadened to meet local demands. Pastors have desired discussion of the problems of the local church, especially its social program, staff, housing and administration. In most conferences a session, usually a luncheon or dinner, is devoted to a meeting between the local Council of Social Agencies and pastors and church social workers, to discuss more effective cooperation between 116 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST churches and social agencies, in relation to social case work and family welfare. The problems of delinquency, religious work in jails, public recreation, motion pictures, social hygiene, and the development of the church as a seven-day-a-week center of neighborhood life receive increasing attention. The general plan of these conferences has been not to attempt to set up special meetings, except with pastors and social workers, but to place speakers in pulpits and with luncheon clubs, chambers of commerce, universities, women’s organizations, labor temples, and of late before high schools. In May of 1924 an experiment was tried out in Ohio, in cooperation with the Ohio Council of Churches. Advantage was taken of existing County Councils of Churches, and con- ferences were held in fifty-five counties and larger centers of population. Five teams were organized for a period of three Sundays and two intervening weeks, and a rural specialist was placed on each team at the request of the County Councils. The plan was found in practice to be too elaborate to work to the best advantage, but it was instructive and very much worth while. For the future the experience of four years’ experimentation has made it clear that a field secretary to go in advance for purposes of organization and to attend to follow-up is indis- pensable. Given a field secretary, it is desirable to hold as many conferences as can be properly set up. If the Christian- izing of industry is to be taken seriously, especially considering the vastness of the nation, it is imperative to work in a large way. Other Relations to Industry The Commission has had other contacts with industrial af- fairs. It felt called upon to protest against the Open Shop movement in 1921 as against sound public policy insofar as that movement sought the destruction of the organized labor movement. In this it was joined by the National Catholic Welfare Council. In 1923 the Commission issued a study of the twelve-hour day in the steel industry, and voiced the opin- ion of the churches that it should be brought to an end. Once again the Federal Council of Churches, the National Catholic Welfare Conference and the Central Conference of American Rabbis united their influences. On the 25th of May, 1921, the heads of the industry rejected the appeal of President Harding that the long shift be abolished; but within a few weeks, under pressure of public opinion aroused by the churches, the Amer- ican Iron and Steel Institute reversed its decision. During the coal strike and the threatened strike on the rail- CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE 117 roads, the Commission in cooperation with the National Cath- olic Welfare Council and the Central Conference of American Rabbis, exerted its influence for conference and settlement. Three joint statements were issued to the public on the coal strike. Conferences were held with the President, with the Secretaries of Commerce and Labor and with committees of the Senate and House, urging a study of the coal industry by the Government in order to bring the essential facts at issue before the country and to furnish information for an effort to control intermittency in the industry. It was recognized in advance that some of these efforts would arouse misunderstanding or antagonism, and that they could not hope to be wholly free from errors in judgment, but it was believed that a true teaching church, which is com- mitted to human welfare and has in mind the creation of a more Christian social order, must be willing to take such a risk. We see no reason to think that these actions were mistaken. One significant feature of these efforts for industrial justice and good will has been the demonstration of inter-communal solidarity and cooperation. At a time when the nation is rent by religious controversies, the people have had the edifying spectacle of Protestant, Catholic and Hebrew trusting each other and working together for social welfare. Help to Local Churches During the last eight years the Commission has been devot- ing increasing attention to the problems of the local church, to the relation of local churches and councils of churches to com- munity organizations, child welfare and delinquency, and to working out relations of national social agencies and move- ments with churches in communities. These are the natural and near-at-hand forms of social work in which every pastor and every church can and must engage. These phases of work have been grouped together in the Department of Community Relations. They have received and still receive much of the personal attention of the Executive Secretary. During 1921 and 1922 Miss Helen Ward Tippy acted as Assistant in the Department. She conducted studies and developed a bureau of information on the best experimentation by the various de- nominations in different types of local churches, rural and urban. She also made studies in the Summer Activities of the Church and in Social Dancing in Parish Houses, the latter at the request of the Congregational Department of Social Ser- vice. She was also Secretary for a year of the Study Com- 118 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST mittee on Community Organization of the Lane Conference, of which the Executive Secretary was Chairman. Rev. Carl H. Barnett came to the Commission as Secretary of Community Relations in May, 1923. He has carried for- ward the work already begun. Research into the development of various types of local churches has been continued. A Speakers’ Bureau, centering mainly on industrial problems, has been created for the use of church forums. A recent study has been completed of Churches in Business Blocks at the request of The First Christian Church of Oakland, California. An illustrated lecture on The Housing of the Seven-Day Church, with lantern pictures of some of the best recent build- ing of different denominations, with special reference to social requirements, has been prepared and duplicate sets made for denominational secretaries. This address is now given in most Industrial and Community Conferences, and frequently before local congregations preparing to build. The lecture concretes the problem of the social work of the local church and is effective in the education of congregations for the support of a program which the pastor desires to undertake. Thus there has grown up quietly and normally through a period of years an important and steadily growing service bureau on the work of the local church, majoring on its social aspects, which is of large value to churches throughout the country, and which serves to give the Federal Council much needed contacts in communities. Without these and other local contacts by its commissions, the Federal Council seems far away and unreal to the local churches of the land. When denominations have their own organized service for their local churches, and when it is desired, the information secured by the Department is made available to them and passes through their hands. A great many requests, however, are of a char- acter which require direct answer. Child Welfare A Committee on Child Welfare, to deal first with the prob- lem of church institutions for the care of children, was created in February, 1922, with Mr. Henry W. Thurston, of the New York School of Social Work, as its chairman. The Committee consists of denominational officials responsible for such institu- tions and of specialists from the field of child welfare. The study of such institutions, begun by the Interchurch World Movement, was brought down to date and standards for guid- ance of church institutions were drawn up. The next move was to conduct field studies and to make helpful contacts with denominational officials and with local institutions, especially CHURCH AND’ SOCIAL SERVICE 119 with those discovered to be below standard. It soon became apparent that the work to be done demanded the time of an experienced executive, and an effort was made to finance such a secretary, but without success. An arrangement was then worked out with the Child Welfare League, by which that Organization put a secretary into the church field, working in liaison with the Committee on Child Welfare of the Commis- sion. Mr. H. W. Hopkirk was secured and has been at work for a year studying the problem and gradually making contacts with institutions and denominations. It is to be regretted that the denominational departments could not appropriate moneys and that the Federal Council itself was not in a position to finance this secretary. Delinquency and Jails Five hundred thousand persons are believed to pass through penal institutions in the United States in the course of a year. This fact and the problem of juvenile delinquency in commu- nities constitute one of the gravest problems of modern civiliza- tion; a problem which was close to the heart of the Saviour and is strictly one of redemption. It is difficult for local churches to do anything in prisons and reformatories, but they can work directly in the thousands of jails, lock-ups and other penal in- stitutions throughout the country; and they have an extraor- dinary opportunity for the prevention of juvenile delinquency through club organizations and other parish activities of local churches. With these possibilities in mind and with the friendly assist- ance of the American Prison Association, the National Com- mittee on Prisons and Prison Labor and the Russell Sage Foundation, a Committee on Delinquents was set up in 1922 under the chairmanship of Rev. Charles N. Lathrop, and with a membership of officials of churches and distinguished spe- cialists working in different fields of delinquency. It was decided to concentrate on religious and social work in jails as a first effort. Visits have been made to local jails in widely scattered communities, and a pamphlet on the jails outlining methods of work and approach for local committees of church people has been published. A study course on De- linquency is being prepared by the Research Department, and an information volume on the American Jail is being written. Child Labor In October, 1923, the Commission decided to use its influ- ence, and so far as possible that of the cooperating denomina- tional departments of social service, for the passage of bills by 120 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST the Congress to submit to the states an amendment to the Constitution of the United States empowering the Congress to legislate for the control of the evil of child labor; and if this should be successful, for ratification by the states. A study was made of methods in social legislation followed by the more important national organizations interested in social legislation. As a result, it was concluded to be legitimate for the churches to bring to public officials in Washington the conviction of the churches that child labor should be abolished, and later to educate public opinion in the states. It was decided to follow always educational methods, and in no case to participate in any attempt to elect or defeat individual candidates. This general policy was approved by the Colum- bus meeting of the Commission in December, 1923. Acting upon these instructions, a widespread and effective effort was organized working through denominational depart- ments, the church press, denominational assemblies and directly through pastors and influential persons in various states. The Federal Council became an important factor in the joint effort of twenty-four national organizations working for the Amend- ment. The Executive Secretary became a member of the small Steering Committee of seven representing the Protestant group, while Father John A. Ryan, Director of the Department of Social Action of the National Catholic Welfare Conference, represented the Catholic Church. The plan of action worked out received practically unanimous approval in Industrial and Community Conferences during the period, and from pastors, editors and church officials. The Commission is now entering actively into campaigns for creating public opinion in the several states. The Commission in thus undertaking service in the field of social legislation has determined on a policy of supporting a very limited number of the most urgent measures, and those only after careful study; to avoid personalities and bitter at- tacks; to seek to keep always in mind the spirit and method of Christ ; but once a measure has been adopted to push it with vigor to its finish. Labor Sunday Messages and Industrial Review Following the precedents of other years, the Commission has maintained friendly contacts with the organized labor movement. The Executive Secretary attended the American Federation of Labor as a friendly visitor in 1921. The Re- search Secretary represented the Commission in 1922, and Rev. Arthur E. Holt, at Portland, in 1923. This year Rev. Alva W. CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE 121 Taylor was chairman of the delegation at El Paso, and Rev. Hubert C. Herring, Rev. W. B. Spofford and the Executive Secretary also attended. Pulpits of the city were supplied on Sunday, November 23rd. The Labor Sunday Messages during the quadrennium were as follows: For 1921. Responsibility of the Church in Industry. fi ks 1922. Review of the Year and Human Relationship in In- ustry. For 1923. Industrial Review of the Year, with Interpretations. For 1924. The Interpretation of the Social Ideals of the Churches. Beginning with 1922 the annual Industrial Review was in- augurated. This has become an important and permanent feature of the annual Labor Sunday Message, summarizing as it does the more important happenings of the year in the field of industry. Other Items of Service The Commission has prepared during 1923 the report on The Church and Industry for the American Section of the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work, which meets in Stockholm in the Summer of 1925. The Executive Secretary is Secretary also of the Commission on the Church and Economic and Industrial Problems of the American Sec- tion. The Commission on the Church and Country Life at its an- nual meeting in Atlantic City in January, 1923, requested the Commission on the Church and Social Service to assume the Executive management of the Commission until such time as it could be properly organized and financed. The responsibil- ity was assumed with the understanding that the Executive Secretary should be assisted by Mr. B. Y. Landis, Rural Sec- retary of the Department of Research and Education, which was granted. Plans are now being worked out which it is hoped will reconstitute the Commission on the Church and Country Life on a permanent basis. A recent development in the relation of the church to social work is the growing recognition of the importance of co- operation from the churches by public welfare officials. Two years ago the Director of the State Board of Welfare of North Carolina came to the office of the Commission asking advice and assistance as to how to secure better cooperation from pastors with County Superintendents of Welfare. Recently re- quests have come from New Jersey and Georgia relative to the same problem in the welfare institutions of those states. The Commission has done everything in its power, with its limited staff, to meet these requests, realizing that the churches have a 122 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST duty to assist the state in these forms of service to unfortunate and delinquent citizens. Members of the Secretarial Council have given a part of each summer for the last three years to lecturing at pastors’ summer schools of affiliated denominations, especially Drs. Taylor, Holt, Armstrong, Cavert, Sanderson and the Execu- tive Secretary. The latter has been on the faculties of twelve schools during the quadrennium lecturing on “The Social Prin- ciples of Jesus,” and ‘““The Program, Staff and Administration of the Seven-Day Church.” Official relations have been worked out during the quadren- nium with several additional denominations, including the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, the Seventh Day Baptist Church, and the Reformed Church in America, by which they have appointed representatives on the Commission, supported by effective social service within the denomination. Represen- tatives of the Inner Mission of the United Lutheran Church and the Universalist Church of the United States and Canada are sitting in without membership. Never in all the years of pastoral service, in which the chief concern was always for the spiritual life of the people, has the Executive Secretary felt nearer the heart of Christ or more in harmony with the great purposes of the Kingdom of God than during these years of associated effort in the forms of service covered by this report. SHELBY M. Harrison, Chairman WortH M. Tippy, Executive Secretary COMMISSION ON TEMPERANCE The Commission on Temperance, having no budget with which to maintain an executive staff, has carried on its work during the quadrennium chiefly in cooperation with other phases of the Federal Council’s activities or general move- ments in the interest of temperance. In accordance with a vote of the Administrative Committee the Commission on Temperance prepared the following state- ment which was issued in the name of the Federal Council of Churches shortly before the November election in 1922. The public announcement of the program of the forces opposed to prohibition is a direct challenge to the churches and the friends of orderly government. They demand the repeal of the national pro- hibition act and the restoration of the manufacture and sale of beer and wine, in the face of the fact that both are intoxicating and therefore cannot be legalized without first changing the Constitution. Furthermore, the sale of beer and wine would require some agency for distribution, and so would lead inevitably to the return of the outlawed saloon with all its attendant evils. Even more serious than the open campaign against prohibition are the sinister influences constantly at work to prevent the honest en- forcement of the existing law. To disobey or disregard any law enacted by the properly accredited representatives of the people is to aid the cause of anarchy and to undermine the foundation on which all democratic institutions rest. In the ringing words of President Harding: “Whatever breeds disrespect for the law of the land is a force tending to the general breakdown of the social organization.” The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America there- fore appeals to all Christian people to exert every influence to secure the impartial enforcement of all laws. Since the foes of prohibition are now united to defeat the Constitution, it is high time for the Christian forces of our country also to unite and to be as consistent at the ballot box in their support of the Constitution as its enemies are in attempting its nullification. This statement was widely circulated in religious publica- tions and in the secular press and was extensively distributed by mail in the states where the question in some form was an acute issue in the election. As suggested in the statement, it is the urgent patriotic duty of the churches and of all friends of good government to combat the insidious propaganda now being circulated against prohibition and to cooperate in bringing to the support of officials who are honestly enforcing the law the same powerful moral backing which aided so greatly in the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment and the statutes which put it into effect. In addition to the issuance of this statement, the Commission 123 124 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST has joined with other organizations in representations to the authorities in Washington regarding sale of intoxicating liquors on ships of the United States and the problem of further checking liquor smuggling from Canada and Mexico. The Commission arranged a conference with denominational temperance boards and other allied organizations in the hope of working out a vigorous campaign of education in support of temperance and enforcement of existing laws against the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages. By authority of the Administrative Committee, the Presi- dent of the Federal Council and the Chairman of the Com- mission on Temperance appointed delegates who represented the Federal Council at the Convention of the World League against Alcohol at Toronto. The most significant activity of the Commission during the year 1923 was participation in the organization and call of the Citizenship Conference held in Washington in October. Though the Conference in fact as in name was widely repre- sentative of the best citizenship of the nation and was not confined to the membership of churches, it was felt that the appropriate commissions of the Federal Council offered the best available starting point. Accordingly the chairman of the Commission on Temperance joined with the chairman of the Commission on Councils of Churches in taking the initial steps, which assembled first a small group, then a great calling committee of about eight hundred, and finally the Conference itself, with about a thousand delegates. The success of the Conference is a matter of history. The publicity given it in the columns of newspapers all over the country was greater than in the case of any similar conference for many years. It furnished a crystallizing point for bring- ing together and making effective the growing indignation of the decent citizens of the nation against defiant disobedience to law. It challenged the conscience of the Church and re- vealed the need of greater loyalty to faithful officials. It out- lined in practical form the necessary steps of cooperation between federal, state and local officials. It has been followed by many other similar conferences throughout the country. Another important undertaking in which the Commission is interested is the extensive survey of the present status of pro- hibition which has been carried on by the Federal Council’s Research Department for several months and the results of which will soon be available. Cart E. MILLIKEN, Chatman. COMMISSION ON THE CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS Under authority granted by the Quadrennial Meeting at Boston in 1920, the President of the Federal Council called together leading white and colored citizens at Washington, D. C., July 12, 1921, and there was formed the Commission on the Church and Race Relations, the youngest Commission of the Council. It aims to bring to bear the ideals of Christian brotherhood upon the relations of different racial groups in America, particularly Negro and white. The charter members of this Commission set forth as its foremost purpose to assert the sufficiency of Christianity as the solution of race relations in America. It was this faith that served as the basis for beginning this work—the faith that white and Negro people, and other racial groups in America, would respond to an appeal through the churches for attitudes and action of brotherly goodwill in the place of hostility and prejudice. The Commission for three years has persistently and effec- tively sought the methods of applying this goodwill in the everyday relations of life between the races. As the work has made progress, our convictions, vision and enthusiasm have enlarged and our assurance that our program and methods were sound has increased. During the three years the Com- mission has met with success beyond sanguine expectations— both white and Negro churches, North and South, East and West, having responded with an unexpected enthusiasm to a genuine effort to apply the method of interracial cooperation rather than the method of domination and exploitation. The following are some of the outstanding achievements of the three years. I. Interracial Conferences: In 1922 about forty-five interracial conferences, some of them of an informal type, were held or attended by the Secre- taries of this Commission at the request of communities as widely scattered as Atlanta, Ga.; Cleveland, Ohio; St. Louis, Mo., and Indianapolis, Ind. The large response and some of the constructive measures which local white and colored leaders adopted as a result of these conferences in that year led to a more systematic setting up and carrying through of such local conferences in 1923 and 1924. 125 126 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST In February, 1923, a conference on Negro Migration was held, made up of white and Negro church leaders from eighteen cities in seven states representing several denominations, social service agencies, the Young Women’s Christian Association, the Young Men’s Christian Association, the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Home Missions Council, and directors of Negro work in the North for four of the large denominations. This conference drew up a summary of find- ings and recommendations to churches and local communities for dealing with Negro newcomers and urged the leaders in local communities to hold conferences and work out plans of cooperation to meet the situation. Widespread interest in many localities was the result and several communities at once began to follow some of the recommendations. There followed dur- ing 1923 local interracial conferences in St. Louis, Mo.; Buf- falo, N. Y.; Toledo, O., and Chicago, IIl. The type and influence of these conferences may be illus- trated by the results that have been achieved following them. The St. Louis, Mo., conference resulted in an interracial de- partment being organized under the Community Council of Social Agencies, which has a part-time executive and is carry- ing on a community-wide program. At Toledo, Ohio, the local Council of Churches made a thorough survey of conditions of Negro life and race relations under the leadership of a survey expert. After about one hundred of the white and colored leaders of the agencies of the city had spent a day in discussing the facts and recommendations of this survey, they adopted a program and divided the carrying out of its recommendations among several organizations, including the city’s Health De- partment. The conference in Chicago led to the formation of the Race Relations Commission, under the auspices of the Chicago Church Federation, but including in its membership social, civic and other interests. At Dayton, Ohio, an inter- racial council was formed under the Community Council, a preliminary survey was made and a program of work adopted in which several agencies joined. The success of these conferences in 1923 showed that they were effective in building constructive interracial programs and movements in local communities. In 1924 similar confer- ences were held at Cleveland, Ohio; Wichita, Kan.; Milwau- kee, Wis., and Minneapolis, Minn. In each of these cities some preliminary study was made of Negro life and conditions and of race relations. The conferences, usually of two or more sessions in one or two days, were given over to full and CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS 127 free discussion of the facts as ascertained by the survey and to the formulation of a program of work based upon a careful weighing of the facts in the whole situation. So fruitful have these local conferences proved that acting under joint committees appointed by the Executive Committee of this Commission and of the Commission on Interracial Co- operation (with headquarters in Atlanta), the officers now have completed preliminary arrangements for a National Inter- racial Conference to be held, probably at Cincinnati, Ohio, next year. II. Establishment of Interracial Committees: Mainly as an outcome of the interracial conferences, inter- racial movements have been stimulated and have developed in nearly all of the communities where the conferences were held and in several other cities. Some cities, learning of the suc- cess of the work in other places, have developed their com- mittees, are beginning to study their conditions and to promote some practical activities as the first steps of their interracial movement, with the probability of conferences and general community survey and programs to be made later. Indianap- olis, for example, has formed an interracial committee under the Council of Social Agencies after two years of experiment with a small committee under the Indianapolis Federation of Churches with the cooperation of the local Young Men’s Christian Association, Young Women’s Christian Association, and other agencies. The present committee is city-wide in scope and interest. Gary, Ind., has set up a very active Race Relations Commission, following a visit of the Secretary of the Federal Council’s Commission in June, 1924. Brooklyn, N. Y., has begun a committee. In all, interracial committees or com- missions have been started in the following seventeen cities: Brooklyn, N. Y. Kansas City, Mo. Buffalo, N. Y. Minneapolis, Minn. Chicago, Ill. Milwaukee, Wis. Cincinnati, Ohio. Philadelphia, Pa. Cleveland, Ohio. St. Louis, Mo. Dayton, Ohio. Toledo, Ohio. Gary, Ind. Wichita, Kansas. Hartford, Conn. Youngstown, Ohio. Indianapolis, Ind. Three additional cities have plans for interracial confer- ences and committees probably within the next six months. The Governor of Pennsylvania appointed a State Interracial 128 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Commission which is making a state-wide survey for recom- mendations of plans for improving race relations to be pre- sented to the Legislature. The Governor of Maryland was authorized by the Legislature this year to appoint an Inter- racial Commission consisting of a score of leading white and colored citizens empowered to make a survey of conditions in the state and recommendations to the Governor and Legislature in 1927. The Secretary of the Federal Council’s Commission has been in conference with some of the members of the Mary- land body to advise them on plans and methods. In New Jer- sey a volunteer State Interracial Commission, on the initiative of several leading citizens of that state, has been formed and has begun an experiment of promoting local action in two or three of the most populous cities of that state. The Federal Council’s Commission has helped them with their organization and in the promotion of their plans. Perhaps the question will be asked why these conferences have not been pushed into the Southern field. The answer is that one of the purposes in forming the Federal Council’s Commission was to help in every way the work already so well done by the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, which has functioned so effectively in the South. The closest affiliation has been maintained with this Commission, its Director being one of the Secretaries of the Federal Council’s Commission, and both organizations have been strengthened by the coopera- tion and division of labor. ITI. Successful Campaign Against Lynching. Following out the purpose adopted by the Commission “to array the sentiment of the Christian churches against mob violence,” a few weeks after beginning active work in 1922 a campaign was launched to marshall the churches against the atrocious lynching evil. A pamphlet, “Mob Murder in Amer- ica” was prepared. Nearly 25,000 have been placed in the hands of church leaders, North and South, and hundreds of newspapers all over the Nation published news stories based upon it. With the cooperation of the Commission on Inter- racial Cooperation the women and church leaders of the South- ern states were interested. Through the Federal Council’s “Information Service” and in other ways the facts about the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill were disseminated when it was be- fore Congress. The Commission has issued for the past two years an an- nual Non-Lynching Honor Roll which classifies each state according to the number of years it has been free from the CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS 129 evil. In both years this Honor Roll has been published in the newspapers throughout the nation. This year it received wide- spread editorial comment from the press and the Literary Di- gest of April 5 gave a page and a half to the Honor Roll state- ment, added a map of its own making based upon our state- ment of the facts, and quoted a number of editorials. Un- doubtedly one of the important factors in the reduction of lynching has been this marshalling of the influence of the churches during the past three years against the evil. In 1922 there were 57 victims of lynching in the United States; in 1923 there was a drop of about 50 per cent to 28 victims, the smallest number for any year since records have been kept. During the first six months of 1924 there were only 5 victims as against 13 for the same period last year; and up to November 1, 1924, there had been only 13 recorded lynchings—a drop of 50 per cent from last year. The campaign among the churches will now be pressed even more vigorously with the full ex- pectation of having a lynch-free year in our land by 1926. IV. Race Relations Sunday. Racial harmony, we are beginning to see, is dependent upon racial attitudes and feelings. We cannot have racial peace until we begin to feel and think in terms of racial peace. Our Commission has striven strenuously to find practical methods of arousing friendly feelings and attitudes and removing the attitudes of fear and prejudice. It was decided that an excel- lent method would be to get representative members of the different races together in church, religious exercises and pub- lic gatherings on some Sunday each year. The Commission inaugurated Race Relations Sunday, the second Sunday in February, when many of the Home Mission Boards usually make special features of their activities among colored people. Last year through the cooperation of Home Mission Boards, Y. M. C. A.’s, Y. W. C. A.’s, local missionary societies, local churches and many social agencies as well as religious and social leaders, the day was observed in localities as widely scattered as Philadelphia, Chicago, Los Angeles, Kansas City, Little Rock, and New Orleans. Many newspapers published editorials and extracts from our leaflet of suggestions for the day. White and colored choirs exchanged; white and colored pastors exchanged pulpits; and in cities like Dayton, Ohio, and Kansas City, Mo., special joint interracial mass meetings were held. In Chicago, through the guidance of the Chicago Church Federation, six white and six Negro pastors exchanged pulpits and related the experience afterwards as follows: A white Baptist minister said: “It gave me personally a better un- derstanding of the problem than I had previously had. It also could 130 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST not help but soften the prejudice of the people present. Will be glad to repeat the experiment again.” The colored Baptist minister who exchanged with him said: “Had the finest kind of a time over there. Never spoke to a more cordial audience. At least fifty persons came forward after the service and shook hands with me.” A white Meth- odist Episcopal minister said, in speaking of the impression on his own people of the Negro minister who filled his pulpit: “Everything went fine; our people were very much pleased; good turn-out; splen- did address; they applauded Mr. ————— at the close and were delighted with his message.” A colored Congregational minister said: “As many as fifty people from Dr. A.’s church expressed ap- preciation and hoped that the pastors might exchange pulpits again. My people were more than pleased with Dr. A. here.” The white minister with whom he exchanged said: “Reception was better than we had expected; the attendance was unusually good.” The following comment of a white Baptist minister is especially striking: ‘Turned out fine; there were a few people in my church who feared this might be a step toward social equality; received one letter of protest. It was the right thing to do, however, and I was glad to do it in spite of some objections. Our church sold to the colored people property worth half a million dollars for a very small amount; a number of members of the congregation sold properties worth $20,000 for $6,000, due to influx of colored people. These conditions made the situation seem different in our church. The colored speaker, however, was very well received and very cordial expressions were heard concern- ing his sermon.” This day will be next observed on Sunday, February 8, 1925 ; ten thousand copies of our leaflet giving suggestions and material for the observance are being used in churches all over the land. This observance is now becoming in reality a nation- wide celebration. In this way members of the races are being | brought into contact under conditions and circumstances where friendly feelings are aroused, where pleasant experiences are had, and where expressions of friendly cooperation and recog- nition of mutual interests are made. The interest manifested in Race Relations Sunday is one of the clearest illustrations that the churches can promote race relations by practical methods and establish interracial peace in our land if they exercise in- telligence and faith in holding up the ideals of brotherhood for which they stand. V. A Program of Publication and Educational Publicity. During the Commission’s three years of existence it has had a large share in one of the most thorough educational and pub- licity programs ever undertaken on race relations, especially from the point of view of interracial cooperation. Besides as- sisting in the educational publicity work of the Interracial Commission for two years, the Federal Council’s Commission CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS 131 has prepared regularly a special Race Relations Number of the Information Service in cooperation with the Research De- partment of the Federal Council. About six of these numbers have been issued each year. The sifted facts about what is being said and done over the world in racial relations is pre- sented. To test the value of this Service last fall the Editor sent out a circular letter to a number of subscribers asking them whether they thought these special Race Relations num- bers of value and whether they should be continued. The responses were almost unanimous that these numbers should be continued and that they had met hearty approval. The Missionary Education Movement brought out “The Trend of the Races,” in 1922, written by the Secretary of the Federal Council’s Commission. The Commission had a hand in helping to get that book before large numbers of church leaders in different parts of the country, in assisting study groups in many churches to secure and use collateral informa- tion, and in securing speakers for their study courses. Over 68,000 of this book were sold, mainly through the channels of denominational boards. | The following informational pamphlets and leaflets on race relations have been published and distributed by the Commis- sion : PRION EM OLOeL fol VAAINET ICA joins Doses vee caer yn eee: 25,000 “Churches at Work for Interracial Cooperation”.... 5,000 “Action of the Churches on Race Relations’”........ 5,000 Race Relations Sunday Pamphlet: 1923.............. 5,000 POZA he nee 10,000 In preparation to be published in 1924: Housing. “Pamphlet (liver see oe OR ds 5,000 Pamphlet on Economic Life of Negroes.......... 10,000 Reprints of addresses and magazine articles covering various phases of the race question have also been used. Material has been supplied to newspapers, magazines and other important publications. Responses too numerous to keep account of have been given to requests of teachers, students, mission study classes and other organizations for reliable information on Negro life and race relations. VI. Summary and Conclusion. Perhaps the greatest achievement of these three years of the Commission on the Church and Race Relations is not in the in- terracial conferences held, the committees and other agencies organized, the campaign against lynching, the Race Relations 132 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Sunday observances, or the printed pages issued. The most outstanding achievement, it seems clear, is the fact that the organized Protestant Churches of America have assumed seri- | ously and aggressively the task of marshalling the forces of | the Christian conscience to attack the hoary evils of this situa- tion and to press Christian ideals of brotherhood upon public opinion and in interracial contacts in America. When the newspapers have carried our articles and news items they have given main emphasis to the fact that the Churches were rally- ing against lynching; the Churches were promoting a Race Relations Sunday; the Churches were seeking interracial co- operation in industry and in other phases of our daily life. The mind of the people has sensed the moral and ethical values of the great question of race relations, and as the Churches have begun in this organized way to promote activities to solve the ethical problems involved on the basis of justice and brotherhood, there has been a tremendous response of approval from the public, and a new consciousness of the power and reality of practical religion in the Churches themselves. Up to about five years ago the general sentiment seemed to be that riot and friction and racial conflict were the only meth- ods of adjusting race relations in America. Many people who wished for and believed in the method of understanding and ‘cooperation were pessimistic. Some of them were really near despair. Undoubtedly it is true that during the past five years a change has come in the public opinion which has turned the corner with its face toward the rising sun of interracial co- operation. While the Federal Council’s Commission and the Commission on Interracial Cooperation have been only a part of the forces at work, the organization of these forces is gen- erally recognized to have been a most important factor. Again, this interracial movement has resulted in the removal of suspicion and distrust and breaking down of fears and pre- judices between the races in increasing degree. Individuals and groups of Negro people, North and South, as never before are beginning to express their confidence in white people and their hope of justice at their hands. Individuals and groups of white people who, heretofore knew little about colored people or had very erroneous notions about them are repeat- edly voicing their surprise and satisfaction in being awakened to the fact that their Negro neighbors were persons of wonder- ful potentialities with gifts to contribute to American life, — CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS 133 One note of sorrow must be sounded, the loss of Mr. John J. Eagan of Atlanta, who from the day of the creation of the Commission to his lamented death this year, served as its chairman, and gave to it a far-seeing and devoted leadership that was the most conspicuous factor in its success. GrorGE E. Haynes, Executive Secretary. COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL From the very beginning of the Federal Council of the Churches, the problem of abolishing war and of establishing the international institutions for permanent peace based on justice and the cooperation of all for the security and the right of all, has been one of its major interests. A Commission on Peace and Arbitration, which later became the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill, was established at the out- set, with Dr. Frederick Lynch as its first Secretary. A Com- mission on Relations with Japan came into existence in 1914, and two years later was expanded into the Commission on Re- lations with the Orient. At the Quadrennial Meeting in 1920, this latter body became a sub-committee of the general Com- mission, and the whole program has since that time, by the force of events, become one of the major concerns of the Council. A full record of the Federal Council’s activities bearing on international relations would require a volume. Even those of the past four years cannot be adequately described in this necessarily brief report. We confine ourselves to what is hardly more than a reference to the outstanding events. The Situation in 1921 At the beginning of this quadrennium tension between America and Japan was serious. Many were the prophecies that war was certain and would soon begin. Thanks, however, to the agreements and understandings reached by the Wash- ington Conference on Limitation of Armament convened in the fall of 1921, not only were those war clouds rolled away, but the Four Power Pact, pledging ten years of peace in the Pacific, has prevented the recurrence of those fears and sinister prophecies, notwithstanding the strain in international feelings due to the recent Japanese exclusion Act of Congress. The Washington Conference on Limitation of Armament The part taken by the Churches before and during that Con- ference on Limitation of Armament and in support of the prompt ratification of the nine treaties there drafted was widely recognized at the time. The pamphlets on “The Church and a Warless World,” aggregating nearly 300,000 copies; the three separate “Calls to 150,000 Churches” issued during the year, amounting in all to about 170,000 copies; the 134 INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 135 letters, telegrams and petitions received by President Harding and Secretary Hughes, urging a policy of real naval reduction, signed by 13,878,671 names, according to the official report of the Committee appointed by Secretary Hughes; the pamphlets entitled “Problems of the Pacific and Far East” and “The Achievements of the Conference as Steps toward a Warless World,” together with numberless lesser documents and an enormous correspondence, constitute a record of practical and effective activity on the part of the Churches which would have been impossible without a cooperative body like the Federal Council. An indication of the impression made by the activities of the Churches may be gained from the following statement by Lord Riddell, a member of the British delegation: “Since coming to America I have been particularly impressed and deeply interested in the work of the churches in behalf of peace. Their campaign of educational publicity through the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America has been one of the most effective pieces of work in behalf of peace that I have seen. Through the newspapers it has had wide influence and has meant much to the Conference on Limitation of Armament. In their nationwide publicity and educational work they have placed the responsibility for the success of the Conference on Limitation of Armament on the individual. It has made each man and woman feel that he or she must act, must work for peace. ... This is the kind of publicity that counts and will get results. The Churches of America have shown the way.” The International Ideals of the Churches The adoption by the Executive Committee of the Federal Council at its annual meeting in Chicago in 1921 of the “In- ternational Ideals of the Churches of Christ in America” has been followed in subsequent years by their adoption by most of the denominational national assemblies. I. We Believe that nations no less than individuals are subject to God’s immutable moral laws. II. We Believe that nations achieve true welfare, greatness and honor only through just dealing and unselfish service. III. We Believe that nations that regard themselves as Christian have special international obligations. IV. We Believe that the spirit of Christian brotherliness can remove every unjust barrier of trade, color, creed and race. V. We Believe that Christian patriotism demands the practice of goodwill between nations. VI. We Believe that international policies should secure equal justice for all races. 136 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST VII. We Believe that all nations should associate themselves per- manently for world peace and goodwill. VIII. We Believe in international law, and in the universal use of international courts of justice and boards of arbitration. IX. We Believe in a sweeping reduction of armaments by all nations. X. We Believe in a warless world, and dedicate ourselves to its achievement. In addition to this brief statement of Ideals, the Executive Committee at its successive sessions has adopted significant statements, drafted after long study and conference, bearing on international relations, issued in large folders with the titles: “A Declaration of Ideals and Policy Looking Toward a Warless World” (1921); “America’s International Obliga- tions” (1922); and “International Goodwill” (1923). These documents have been given extensive circulation in other lands as well as in the United States, and have been quoted widely in the public press. Problems in the Near East The debacle and tragedy in Smyrna in the fall of 1922. stirred American Christians deeply and led to vigorous de- mands for action of some kind. Repeated communication was had with the Department of State and with the President, and the Council became an avenue for the united voicing of Christian sentiment in behalf of the minority peoples. The appeals for relief funds for distribution through the Near East Relief helped that agency to carry on its noble work. The one bright spot in all that prolonged tragedy—not yet ended— has been the continuing generosity of the churches in supply- ing the needed millions of dollars to feed and clothe tens of thousands of destitute, homeless orphans. The Commission to the Far East During the winter of 1922-23 a special Commission was sent to the Far East to carry a Message of Christian Greetings and Goodwill to the Churches and Christians of China, Korea and Japan. On account of the Smyrna disaster, the Chairman of the Commission was prevented from fulfilling his part of the program. The secretary, however, was able to establish first- hand contacts of an important character with the Christian forces of the Orient. The World Court of Justice During the autumn and winter of 1923-24 the major part of the Commission’s activities was devoted to the campaign in INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 137 support of American adhesion to the Permanent Court of In- ternational Justice. A document entitled “The Churches of America and the World Court of Justice’ was prepared and mailed to 70,000 pastors, the total circulation of the pamphlet exceeding 100,000. In connection with the World Court Cam- paign, representatives of the Federal Council held conferences with Secretary Hughes, President Harding and President Coolidge on four different occasions. The cooperation of the religious organizations in behalf of a judicial settlement of international disputes has been notable and has made a deep impression. Armistice Day in 1923 fell on Sunday, November eleventh ; it was accordingly designated “World Court Sunday.” Pastors were asked to deal with the problem of War and Peace on that day, and to make it the occasion for promoting in their various church groups the study of world peace as related to the World Court of Justice. These suggestions were widely followed. Study groups all over the country devoted time to the World Court question, and on Armistice Sunday tens of thousands of sermons dealt with the question. The World Court Hearings After months of delay, the Senate Foreign Relations Com- mittee finally and apparently reluctantly consented to hold Hearings on the question of American adherence to the Perma- nent Court. Two days (April 30 and May 1, 1924) were al- lowed for the Hearings, which were participated in by many organizations, secular as well as religious. The Commission had prepared a “Memorial to the United States Senate,” containing not only the resolutions passed by many denominations, city Church Federations and other reli- gious bodies, with the resolution adopted by the Executive Committee of the Federal Council, but also a petition signed by more than one thousand of the officials in the denomina- tional organizations. This “Memorial” was presented at the “Hearings” and was also handed personally to every Senator or his secretary in his office. Denominational representatives participated in the Hearings in large numbers, Bishop Brent, Vice Chairman of the Commission, serving as the general Chairman of all the delegations, both secular and religious. Those “Hearings” were reported by all who attended to have been exceptionally impressive, because of the large number of 138 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST delegations participating but also and especially because of the moral enthusiasm and conviction manifested by all. The Japanese Exclusion Law Early in the year 1924 American Japanese relations came suddenly to the front because of a section of the immigration bill proposing to deny admission to the United States of “aliens ineligible for citizenship.” This section proposed to annul the “Gentlemen’s Agreement” with Japan for the regulation of Japanese immigration and to substitute a flat exclusion of all Japanese with only a few exceptions for temporary visits. The proposal would not only abruptly abrogate the Agreement but also violate the treaty of 1911. The Administrative Committee took prompt action in the shape of a strong resolution, which was conveyed personally to Secretary Hughes and to the Chairmen of the Immigration Committees of both the Senate and House and sent also to every member of Congress. Representatives of the Churches took part in the Hearings on the Bill given by the Senate Com- mittee on Immigration. As the discussion continued it became clear that sinister political interests were at work. Even the efforts of Secretary Hughes and President Coolidge to have the matter settled in a way that would be in harmony with the principles of international courtesy were flouted by Congress. During those weeks the Christian forces all over America took prompt action, letters and telegrams and resolutions from Church bodies and religious groups going in in large numbers to the President, to Secretary Hughes, and to the Chairmen of the Immigration Committees of the Senate and House. Christians on the Pacific Coast were not behind those of the rest of the country in supporting the proposals and policy of President Coolidge and Secretary Hughes. A representative of Californian Christians was sent to Washington for the ex- press purpose of opposing the enactment of the law. But three politicians representing the anti-Japanese agitators of the Pacific Coast were also sent to Washington. They stayed there nearly two months, and triumphed over the forces making for fair and honorable treatment of Japan. The immigration bill was passed in spite of President Coolidge’s protests and became law. Before passage it was adjusted to conform to the treaty of 1911, but it annulled the Gentlemen’s Agreement in a manner universally regarded as discourteous and humilia- ting to Japan. Secretary Hughes, in his letter of February 8, 1924, to Con- INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 139 gressman Albert Johnson opposing the Japanese exclusion sec- tion of the law, said :— “There can be no question that such a statutory exclusion will be deeply resented by the Japanese people. It would be idle to insist that the provision is not aimed at the Japanese, for the proposed measure . . . . continues in force the existing legislation regulat- ing Chinese immigration and the barred zone provisions of our im- migration laws which prohibit immigration from certain other por- tions of Asia. The practical effect of Section 12 (b) is to single out Japanese immigrants for exclusion. The Japanese are a sensitive people, and unquestionably would regard such a legislative enactment as fixing a stigma upon them. I regret to be compelled to say that I believe such legislative action would largely undo the work of the Washington Conference on Limitation of Armament, which so greatly improved our relations with Japan. “The manifestation of American interest and generosity in pro- viding relief to the sufferers in the recent earthquake disaster in Japan would not avail to diminish the resentment which would follow the enactment of such a measure, as this enactment would be regarded as an insult not to be palliated by any act of charity. It is useless to argue whether or not such a feeling would be justified. It is quite sufficient to say that it would exist. It has already been manifested in the discussion in Japan with respect to the pendency of this measure, and no amount of argument can avail to remove it. “The question is thus presented whether it is worth while thus to affront a friendly nation with whom we have established most cor- dial relations and what gain there would be from such action. Per- mit me to suggest that the legislation would seem to be quite unneces- sary even for the purpose for which it is devised.” The ultimate results of that needless and wanton act will slowly appear as the decades pass. A deep wound was in- flicted on Japan’s feelings of goodwill and admiration for America. Her resentment and mortification were revealed by the scores of meetings of protest held in all the principal cities of Japan on July 1, 1924, the day when the law went into ef- fect. Both Houses of the Diet in special session passed solemn resolutions of protest: they declared that their protest would not be dropped until the wrong had been righted and a basis for right and honorable relations for permanent friendship had been laid. The thought and feeling aroused by our act among Japan’s leading citizens have been described in striking form by Dr. William Axling, a missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, in a pamphlet entitled ‘Japan Wonders Why” published in June by our Commission. Denominational Commissions on Peace The appeal of the Executive Committee at its annual meet- ing in December, 1923, to all the constituent bodies of the Federal Council to declare their convictions regarding the Christian program to abolish war, requesting each denomina- 140 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST tion to establish a Commission or Committee or Department to deal with the international problem, received wide response. Practically all of the denominational assemblies which met dur- ing the year 1924 passed the resolutions suggested, and many of them that had not already done so established Commissions or allocated the task of promoting educational programs on peace to some already existing Committee or Department. Twelve of the constituent bodies have taken such action. In September, 1924, representatives of these agencies met at the office of the Federal Council for their first official gather- ing, when important steps were taken looking toward effective cooperation with each other in the future. The denominational resolutions referred to above were com- piled and published (in part) in September in a sixteen page document entitled ““The Churches of America Mobilizing for World Justice and World Peace,” with a sub-title “Movements for the Outlawry of War.” It also contained an analysis of the Borah-Levinson Plan and the Draft Treaty Plan for the Outlawry of War, Security and Disarmament. This pamphlet was issued in connection with the “Sixth Call to 150,000 Churches” to observe Armistice Sunday (November 9, 1924), as a day of special emphasis on the Christian program for a war-free world. The Committee on Mercy and Relief During the Quadrennium the Commission’s sub-Committee on Mercy and Relief, under the chairmanship of Dr. Fred- erick H. Knubel, has been repeatedly called on for service. Mention should be made of the cooperative work in the cam- paigns for China famine relief and Japan earthquake relief. The pitiful appeals from Russian famine sufferers in 1921 led to the formation of a special large Committee to collect funds for the relief of the starving children of Russia. In this con- nection a strong Commissioner was sent to Russia to represent the Federal Council in the distribution of the fund and to con- vey to the Christians of Russia a message of sympathy and goodwill from the Christians of America. Dr. John S. Zelie, the Commissioner, rendered significant service in performing this delicate and important task. Distressing conditions developed in Germany in the fall and winter of 1923-24. To express in practical ways to German Christians the goodwill of American Christians a Committee for relieving the starving children of Germany was formed and Dr. E. L. Mills was called from Europe to take charge of this undertaking. The Federal Council’s Committee cooperated INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 141 intimately with the Friends’ Committee and with the nation- wide organization headed and directed by General Allen. The needs of the refugees in Greece also received special attention during 1923-1924 and an appropriation for their medical relief was secured through the American Red Cross. Committee on Mexico A sub-Committee on Mexico was formed in 1922 to study proposals and methods for cultivating better mutual under- standing and goodwill between America and Mexico. A special visit to Mexico of the chairman of the Committee, Dr. Henry Goddard Leach, and the General Secretary of the Federal Council, Dr. Charles S. Macfarland, initiated the work of this Committee. During the fall and winter of 1923-24, Dr. O. W. E. Cook, a missionary to Mexico of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was secured for special service; and in October, 1924, in cooperation with a group of business leaders the Mexico Society was established in New York under the Presidency of the Honorable George Foster Peabody. The membership of this Society consists of leaders in business and education as well as in the Churches. The purpose is to foster mutual good- will and understanding and to this end to make use of practical methods now in process of being worked out. Friendly Relations Between Christians and Jews A sub-Committee to combat the rising tide of anti-Semitism in the United States, by promoting in concrete ways better understanding and appreciation between Christians and Jews, has been formed and is getting into operation just as this report goes to press. Preliminary studies of this question and preparations for this Committee have been in process for nearly two years, under the wise and effective chairmanship of Dr. Alfred Wms. Anthony. The Committee presents the follow- ing statement of its plans: “Perhaps no page of history, called Christian, bears more blots and stains upon it than that which records the relations of Christians and Jews during almost two thousand years. Some countries of Europe have suffered even more than has America with passions, strifes, persecutions and pogroms, and yet America has not been wholly free from prejudice and in- justice, and recent tendencies have seemed to bring the peril nearer. “It is appropriate that the interdenominational organizations of our country should be in a position to understand the causes of racial and religious bitterness here at home, and to oppose the waves of passion which, stirred by various unsocial 142 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST agencies, threaten the peace and the security of our people and our national institutions. “In several parts of the country distinct movements against anti-Semitism and other forms of bigotry and hatred have arisen. One, which began in the office of the Home Missions Council and was reported to the Administrative Committee of the Federal Council February 10, 1923, occasioned the forma- tion of a Committee (as a sub-committee of the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill) on Goodwill Between Jews and Christians. Since its beginning this Committee has been busy with shaping of a program, enlisting the support of individuals and organizations and preparing for active service in its field. Already the financial support of the Committee is practically assured by the pledges of a few generous givers guaranteeing $15,000 a year for the period of three years. Rev. John W. Herring, former Pastor of the First Congre- gational Church, Terre Haute, Ind., was elected Secretary of the Committee and began work November 10, 1924. “In general the objectives of the Committee will be the fol- lowing: (1) To ascertain the causes of racial illwill and to dis- cover how these causes may be removed or modified ; (Z) To establish contacts between Jews and Christians in cities where conditions make it advisable, so as to have several centers throughout the country of people seeking to promote understanding and cooperation ; (3) To discover the things within a community, social and political, which both Jews and Christians may do in coopera- tion and so aid each other in human welfare and community benefits ; (4) To watch the press and other public utterances and en- deavor to correct false and irritating statements and promote the spread of sound and proper information; (5) To create a literature which will help shape a better public opinion ; “It is well understood that the whole program must be one of education for the sake of understanding and cooperation and cannot secure immediately all of the good results hoped for. The campaign, therefore, will be a patient and earnest one, thoroughgoing as far as it goes; _ “Tt is clearly recognized that whatever may be accomplished in this country, in the promotion of goodwill will have an in- fluence in other countries. We are not blind to the interna- tional consequences of wise procedure in America.” INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOODWILL 143 Institutes at Chautauqua on International Relations from the Christian Viewpoint In August, 1923 and 1924, in cooperation with the Chautau- qua Institution, this Commission has held Institutes on Inter- national Relations from the Christian Viewpoint. A dozen lectures each summer by eminent specialists on the throbbing questions of the day have dealt with them constructively as well as analytically. Audiences ranged from 1000 to 2500. Forum discussions following most of the lectures were sig- nificant and valuable. The press throughout the United States featured with remarkable fulness the reports of the addresses. Other Important Activities Necessary brevity compels mere reference to the remarkable meetings held in several of our eastern States and in Europe of the Tercentenary of the Huguenot-Wallon emigration to America beginning in 1624. “Many interdenominational committees and organizations have been formed to do things. Here is one that has been brought together solely to study. Its members are convinced that the churches need, first of all, to do serious thinking and need to think together.” This statement, made by the publishers of the Reports of the Committee of the War and Religious Outlook suggests clearly and concisely the peculiar significance of this Com- mittee. The history and activity of the Committee since it began its work at the close of the war were presented so fully at the quadrennial meeting of the Federal Council last December that it is unnecessary to do more than refer to them here. At that time the Committee had produced and published (in addition to the comprehensive bibliography on the War and Religion, and a series of brief monographs under the general heading “The Religious Outlook”) three important volumes, all repre- senting a body of collective thinking carried on by the thirty members of the Committee and several score of other men and women whom the Committee had associated with itself in making its studies. The first of these reports entitled “Religion Among Amer- ican Men, As Revealed by a Study of the Conditions in the Army,’ undertook to bring together the experience of a large number of Chaplains and others who had been in intimate touch with the cross section of our American manhood which was found in the army, and under these revealing conditions had the opportunity of gaining new insights into the religious habits and convictions of the men whom the church js seeking to reach. The second volume dealt with “The Missionary Outlook in the Light of the War.’ It endeavored to survey the, develop- ments in each of the more important mission fields following the war, and to reinterpret the whole missionary movement in the light of the new world horizon created by the experience of the war. The third volume, and the one which has attracted most widespread attention, dealt with “The Church and Industrial Reconstruction.” The aim of this study was, first of all, to secure agreement as to what are the fundamental Christian principles which are to be applied to modern industrial rela- tionship and to use these principles as a standard for judging 174 WAR AND THE RELIGIOUS OUTLOOK 175 all existing conditions. The volume has so commended itself to the churches and to Christian organizations that it has been used widely as a textbook for bible classes, Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. groups and is still in large demand. Two further volumes have been brought out during the present quadrennium completing the work of the Committee. The first of these was “Christian Unity, Its Principles and Possibilities’ which appeared early in 1921. Including as it does a careful analysis of the present situation, a study of the historical background from which it has come and an outline of what appears to be the path of advance, this volume has been generally regarded as the most thoroughgoing treatment of the subject now available. As indicative of the attention with which the report has been received even in other lands an editorial in the influential “Baptist Times,” the official organ of the British Baptists is worth quoting: “Tt may be said at once that it gives the most complete account in existence of what is actually being done in America for the cause of Christian unity along the various lines of administrative, federal and organic union. The difficulties, real and imaginary, are faced in a spirit of engaging frankness and the possibilities are sketched with a bold hand. . . . For courage, clear-headedness, exquisite justice and unconquerable optimism this volume stands alone. Most of the reports that are issued nowadays should be kept by the bedside—they are admirable sleeping-draughts; but this report, once it gets into the blood, will keep men very much awake.” The final volume in the series, “The Teaching Work of the Church,” appeared at the end of 1923. It undertakes to sur- vey in a comprehensive way the churches’ task of Christian education as a whole and to give special attention at every point to the development of a more unified educational pro- gram by the Church. Its discussion of the process of secular- ization which has been taking place in public education in America and the new responsibility which this throws upon the Church has been regarded as one of the most important contributions made in recent years to the Church’s thinking on its educational task. The work of the Committee has given fresh emphasis to the fact that nothing is more needed in the Churches than a con- tinuous process of collective thinking and inquiry such as has been carried on in a few fields by the Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook. The recent development of the Department of Research and Education in the Federal Council, 176 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST it is hoped, will make possible the fulfillment during future years of the ideal to which the Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook during the period immediately following the War has tried to make a modest contribution. WILLIAM ADAMS Brown, Chairman, SAMUEL McCrEA CAVERT, Secretary GENERAL COMMITTEE ON ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains, or- ganized for the purpose of cooperating with the War and Navy Departments in providing spiritual ministry for soldiers and sailors, has throughout the quadrennium continued its ef- fort not only to secure properly equipped Chaplains to repre- sent the churches, but also to secure such legislation and regu- lations as would enable Chaplains to do the most effective work. The outstanding achievement of the Committee was chron- icled in the close of the last quadrennium when, on July 15th, 1920, definite provision was made in the Army Re-organiza- tion Act for a Chaplains’ Bureau and for one Chaplain for every 1200 officers and enlisted men. This legislation, secured only after most strenuous effort on the part of the Committee, gave a definite status to the Chaplains, such as they had not previously enjoyed, established in the Army the Office of Chief of Chaplains, and fixed definitely the ratio of Chaplains pro- viding for a total of 250 for the enlisted strength of the Army as provided in that act. It at once became the duty of the General Committee to find the quota of suitable Chaplains from the Protestant Churches. These were being rapidly found and a total of 98 new Chaplains were selected and ap- pointed. In the midst, however, of the efforts to recruit the Chaplaincy to the full number, Congress proposed a most drastic cut in the number of Chaplains, far greater proportion- ately than in any other branch of the service. One proposal before Congress would have reduced the Chaplains from 187 to 103. The Committee strongly urged that the number be not reduced below 126 and that the reduction be by process of absorption rather than immediate elimination from the service. A compromise was effected and action taken by Congress reduced the number of Chaplains to 125, the elimination of 62 to be accomplished by January, 1923. Since this reduction in the number of Chaplains of the Army it has been made very clear that while the ratio of one Chap- lain to every 1200 officers and enlisted men might be sufficient in a mobilized army a larger ratio is needed adequately to meet the needs of the enlisted men scattered in small units. There are a number of regular posts and stations for which no Chap- lains are provided and at which no assignments have been made for months past. There are even whole regiments in large camps that have no Chaplain and are dependent upon Chap- 177 178 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST lains from other units for religious ministry. There are also large posts where two or more Chaplains should be assigned but for which only one is available. A careful study of all the facts shows that with the present strength and distribution of the Army there is absolute need for a ratio of one Chaplain for every 800 enlisted men or a total of approximately 170 Chaplains in order that every soldier of the Army, wherever stationed, may have opportunity to receive the personal coun- sel, guidance and services of a Chaplain. The Chaplain has been discriminated against in other re- spects, especially in the matter of years of service required to reach certain grades and in the grades to which he is eligible. A proposal was drawn up by the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains to meet the need for this increased ratio and to remove discriminations under which the Chaplains have been laboring. Hearings were had in Congress as to reasons for this legislation. We believe it would have passed the last Congress but for the tie up that came in the closing days of the session. It is expected that this legislation will again be brought forward at the opening of the next Congress. There are at present 124 regular army chaplains distributed among the various denominations as follows: Badusty tiene sac an ae sore 17 Protestant Episcopal ....... 9 Daptist, Colored ts eccave see 2 Presbyterian Cumberland.... 1 Congrégational iy kdb. 9 Roman)iGathohic;*). asi. . eien 21 Disciples of Christ ......... 8 Re tenmed:oido dias hain anaeioe 2 Lartheran «Ua cui, cudauis a 7, LNIVERSalistitlag as curate oe 2 Methodist Episcopal ........ 28 Unitarian ifiate: «eer sean ee 2 Methodist Episcopal, Colored 1 Evangelicals), 2%, eine sles 1 Methodist Protestant ....... 1 — Presbyterian | \..aci uso Gee. 13 pL otal i licel cies ont ger eeee 124 Chaplains’ Conferences A number of valuable conferences have been held both in the Second and Third Corps Areas. Conferences in the Sec- ond Corps Area under the leadership of Rev. Charles S. Mac- farland, General Secretary of the Federal Council of Churches, have been especially fruitful in bringing about closer relation- ships between Chaplains of the component parts of the Army, namely, Regular, National Guard and Reserve Corps. Dr. Macfarland has given very freely and largely of his time to the various problems that have arisen in connection with the steady development of the Chaplaincy. Possibly the most outstanding conference was that called by the Secretary of War to which he invited religious leaders from the various denominations to confer with Chaplains con- cerning more effective spiritual ministry for enlisted men. ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 179 Office of the Chief Chaplain of the Army Under the efficient and careful administration of Colonel John T. Axton, Chief Chaplain of the Army, there has been the clearest vindication for establishing the office of the Chief of Chaplains and for giving him a staff of assistants. There has been a steady unifying of purpose on the part of Chaplains and more and more definite statement of objectives before them. There has been a steady raising of the standards of personnel so that the Corps is now composed of men of judgment, vision, imagination, courage and devotion. Reserve Corps The General Committee has been called upon to pass upon the qualifications, from the standpoint of the churches, of min- isters desiring to become Chaplains in the Reserve Corps. Two classes of men have been called for, namely, first, outstanding leaders of the Church through whom vital connections might be established between the Churches and the men of the Army; and second, young men of such qualifications as might make them suitable for field service in case of emergency or ap- pointment as Regular Army Chaplains whenever appointments are resumed. The total number now in the Reserve Corps is 957, an increase of 172 during the past year. These Reserve Corps Chaplains have been appointed so as to cover the various denominations and distribution among the denominations is as follows: - Denomination Total Denomination Total BSADUISULS aire tee cee ee 117 ELeSPVLELiauin eae tiem cence 126 MNTIStAN | We ey swith s Cetuhs ane 10 Protestant Episcopal ...... 135 Christiany-Science’)..cs'4. ses 6 Reformed in America...... 7 Ghiren note Crist: ck eon 3 Reformed in the U. S..... 9 Gongereratonal wive ccs tec: 43 Roman t@atholig i, aul sl. 34 196 DSCIDICST encaca ts ce tee tate ay) ya VA LIOH AAA SAIL sa t's aie on als 4 ELVANWElICAry tise sella lL seeete 5 Unitarian ae er. veer oo’. 11 Téwishisiitteasd joer bie 13 United Brethren ........... 4 Pertt esas Aer A bs oye 40 Universalist tas. Gita 5 PA GED OCU tra nc elie ca tata 9 Caveats 192 -— 957 There has been no diminution in the interest of prominent clergymen of all denominations in the Chaplains’ Section of the Officers’ Reserve Corps. They have responded to calls of service at places where, except for their voluntary co-opera- tion, no religious ministry would be available. They have acted as members of important boards and committees and in con- nection with helpful conferences. Sixty-seven served in the training camps during the past summer. 180 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST The Chaplains’ School The Chaplains’ School has become a definitely recognized part of the Army system. Its curriculum has been extended as has also the length of time spent in taking its course. After being located at Fort Wayne for two years it has been removed to, and we hope definitely provided for, at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Here the facilities for instruction and for practical work are the finest that the army affords. A section of the school is devoted to the development of the Correspondence Course for Chaplains and another to the promotion of the traveling libraries of selected books which have special rela- tion to the professional duties of Chaplains. The course of instruction covers a period of three months. Two sessions of the school were held during the year 1924 and twenty-two Regular Army Chaplains completed the full course and two Chaplains of the Officers’ Reserve Corps pursued a special course. Regulations Concerning Chaplains Under authorization of the Secretary of War, a codification of the regulations pertaining to Chaplains has been published. It indicates an intention to provide as adequately as may be possible for the moral and religious life of the military per- sonnel. Salient features of the new regulations are the freeing of Chaplains from many burdensome extra-professional duties which at times have been assigned to them. They are no longer available for such services as post exchange officers or as counsel for the defense in courts-martial. The Chaplain is given a definite place on the staff of the commanding officer, with responsibility for matters of a religious and moral nature. Several assistants, both lay and clerical, are provided for and provision is made for the use of certain non-appropriated local funds to employ supply clergymen when Chaplains are not available. In these regulations Chaplains are directed to “Serve as friends, counsellors and guides, without discrimina- tion, to all members of the command to which they are as- signed, regardless of creed or sect.” Broadly defined their duties are stated as being closely analogous to those performed by clergymen in civilian life, modified only by the peculiar conditions attaching to military life and especially by the necessity that each Chaplain shall, so far as practicable, serve the moral and religious needs of the entire personnel of the command to which he is assigned, either through his own personal services or through the cooperative efforts of others. ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 181 Vital Statistics The report of the Chief of Chaplains of the Army for 1924 gives the following vital statistics: Number of Nature of Service Services Attendance WAGSS he se acne od ee eae soa bie cede WARE dk cE edote 1,891 141,620 PON OCICE LOT amu tree iaral ark Alecase = cicta bina erutare bab dh stig 6 in oe 67 4,775 Morning services, Protestant .............000- 3,838 348,660 Evening services, General ..........ccescseees 3,399 519,394 SSI VOTO Lia eat ethene crate aeatediune Gall 4,010 175,032 Biblevtciaes peecsiOusse dies tec ces te heute 200 13,134 Gtiard 7 FiOUse Wal cle ict eae a fa oh wintata ates 658 20,100 Hospital, other than station or general......... 105 2,991 Wome tea ple sri. Hees iets rte ee ak vase » tte 17 2173 WCRI Orie eG ta MPN otd OL eid sid cnet ne NS 1,499 110,994 Oa Ee GO On CGi RU Ns eT NE ans 15,684 1,339,473 A hPLC R AN eT i olla dia hd dared oY suede li diaieke ho eave ad 566 REAVCISS Mee ee Payee eg ee a ea wa he 722 PMUCTAISIC STA ASR ne hin tis Cn le ie ole cat foe tle nlaehon 924 Average attendance of each person in the military establishment during 1924 American Cemeteries in France Throughout the quadrennium representatives of the Com- mittee have annually visited the American cemeteries in France. In 1922 a special Commission consisting of Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich, Rev. Charles S. Macfarland (Reserve Corps Chaplain), visited | these cemeteries. A report was rendered to the General Com- mittee in which the Commission expressed the warmest com- mendation of the work of the American Graves Registration Service in Paris. They stated that it was especially gratifying to find the Chaplains who represent the Churches of the United States participating in this Graves Registration Service, and recommended that Chaplains be associated in the permanent care of these cemeteries and that Memorial Day services under the auspices of the Federal Council be held annually in the cemeteries in behalf of the American churches and people. Navy Chaplains At the beginning of this quadrennium Captain Evan W. Scott was appointed Head of the Chaplains’ Division of the Navy. Under Chaplain Scott’s administration there has been steady development and growth of ideals of efficiency and service among Chaplains of the Navy. There has not as yet been definite legislation establishing the 182 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST office of Chief Chaplain of the Navy and there appears to be decided need for re-organization of the Chaplains Corps. Such legislation is pending in Congress and has the careful attention and cooperation of the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains. The law provides for a total of 150 Chaplains in the Navy, an ample number, but, until recently, appropriations have been made for little more than half that number. More than a year ago definite action was secured by which provision was made for an increase in the number from 83 to 100. After most strenuous efforts for a period of fifteen months, however, there has been no net increase but instead a loss of one in the total number of Chaplains. We cannot express too forcefully our regret at this failure to secure equipped men to render spiritual ministry to the enlisted personnel of the Navy. At present there are 20,000 of the men in the Navy who are without coun- sel, advice and spiritual ministry of the Chaplain and this because properly equipped men have not come forward in response to the call for Chaplains in the Navy and made ap- plication for commission. It is painful to think that this failure to secure Chaplains for the Navy may be due either to unwill- ingness on the part of the church to give their finest young men to this service, or, on the part of young ministers to invest their lives in such service. The men who are enlisted in the service of the Navy will, in a few years as a rule, return to the home communities from which they enlisted. Their value as they return is largely dependent upon the religious ministry they receive while in the service. Men who lack such religious service during the period of their enlistment are not likely, on returning to their communities, to be of value to the churches to which they return. From the ministers’ standpoint, there are sacrifices in the Chaplaincy of the Navy. He is called upon to be removed some times for long periods from home and home ties. He is cut off to some extent from association with his brethren of the ministry. In many respects he stands alone. On board ship he is without the backing of an official board. He must work out his own plans. We believe the true conception of the call to preach includes willingness to serve where there is need, whether at home or abroad, and there is a clear need in the Chaplaincy. Indeed, the call for Chaplains is a Macedonian cry. We would through this report urge upon the leadership of the churches the obligation and duty of providing religious ministrations to the men in the Army and Navy. ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 183 The number of Chaplains at present in the regular navy is 84, distributed as follows: Methodist Episcopal, South.. 8 Bantistiioouty tint, aches tet 6 Methodist Episcopal, North.. 9 Protestant Episcopal ........ 10 Presbyterian, North ........ 12 ea tOhGal Come acai cima, Reta 16 United Presbyterian ........ 1 Congregational ic. woe. ween vs 3 Cumberland Presbyterian ... 1 Deeathierstty 0h eee, eae si. uia' popas 2 Disciple) Hewes. cos sv 9c6 ols 4 WShristtan OClencenre. be sd ese 1 Christian erate: sch os dba es 2 IGIOLMCd ee a eee oes CoG 1 Baptistiaontame aac. 6 cele as 8 _— Ota ae wees Fes. shu a4 Circulating Libraries During this quadrennium the General Committee has been constantly emphasizing the importance of circulating libraries for Chaplains of both the Army and the Navy. In 1923 Chaplain Scott, Chief Chaplain of the Navy, secured an appropriation which enabled him to purchase a number of well selected books to form the nucleus of a circulating library for the Navy. Numerous contributions have been received from various sources until the number of volumes totals over 425. It is planned to keep this up-to-date and requisition for recent books has been submitted. The library is established in the office of the Chief Chaplain with branch office on the flagship, United States Battle Fleet, for use of Chaplains in that fleet and at stations on Pacific Coast. Chaplain Axton, Chief Chaplain of the Army, through requisition to the War Department store-house, secured quite a number of suitable books for the formation of a circulating library for the Chaplains of the Army. To these books have been added many contributions and the library is steadily in- creasing both in the number of books and the number of sub- scribers and we believe in usefulness to those who use the books. This library is located at the Chaplains’ School. Chaplains Assigned for Post Graduate Study The Navy Department approved the recommendation made by Chaplain Scott that a limited number of Chaplains be as- signed to Universities for post graduate study and during 1923 and 1924 this plan has been followed and proven more success- ful than anticipated. The University authorities have been most cordial and sympathetic in their attitude toward the Chaplains and commend the plan as having real constructive value for the Corps. 184 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Armistice Day Services The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains, rep- resenting the Federal Council, secured the first period, eight A.M., of tribute to the unknown representative soldier lying in state in the rotunda of the Capitol, November 10th, 1921. Throughout that entire day there was a constant stream of representatives of national and other organizations passing through the rotunda of the Capitol and reverently paying tribute to the unknown dead. We deem it especially fitting that the first of these processions was that of the General Commit- tee, representing the Federal Council of Churches and that the first floral offering placed upon the bier of the unknown dead was placed by the Federal Council; the first prayer offered was that of Bishop William F. McDowell, and the first tribute paid, that of Dr. William Adams Brown. National Memorial The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains has proposed a National Memorial for the Chaplains who fell in the service. It is proposed that the Memorial shall take the form of a Chapel and be solely for worship and not in any sense a general institutional or recreational center. While it would be premature now to outline plans proposed, it might be said that a worthy memorial is contemplated, which shall be in such form and location as will render a continuing service to enlisted men and especially to those who suffered casualties in the War. Re-Organization of the General Committee Definite plans for the re-organization of the General Com- mittee have been decided upon and the following action taken: “VOTED: That the General Committee shall be composed of rep- resentatives from the various cooperating denominations, three from each denomination—appointed officially by the denomination itself. In case such appointment is not made by any denomination the General Committee shall have the authority and power to select representa- tives from the denomination that thus fails to appoint. There shall also be representatives on the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains, chosen by reason of their interest in the Army or Navy and possible interest in the General Committee itself, these members not to exceed one-third of the total church appointees. There shall also be five persons representing the Army in its various branches and also be five persons representing the Navy. These also to be selected by the General Committee.” This re-organization has not as yet been fully perfected. ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 185 Scope of the General Committee’s Mission It is our earnest conviction that the work of the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains in behalf of spiritual ministry for soldiers and sailors is not completed when these soldiers and sailors are discharged from the service but must continue for the disabled throughout the entire period of their care in various hospitals and not only throughout the period of rehabilitation but until welcomed and reestablished in their home communities. The Committee has, therefore, during this quadrennium turned its attention with some degree of progress toward the securing of Chaplains for all Veterans’ Hospitals and the standardizing of the Chaplaincies in these Hospitals. A tender has been made of the facilities of the Committee in cooperation with the United States Veterans’ Bureau in secur- ing the cooperation of the churches and pastors in welcoming rehabilitated veterans to their communities and in securing employment for them. The Committee has urged the necessity for an incidental fund for Chaplains and has striven to secure an appropriation of at least $300 for each Chaplain, per annum, from the denom- inations to be used in this way. We believe that Congress should make an annual appropria- tion of an adequate sum for such purpose; until that time, however, it is both the duty and privilege of the different de- nominations to support the work of their Chaplains at least to the extent indicated of $300 each per annum, and we would recommend that such appropriation continue until the other provision is made. Some of the immediate objectives before the Committee are that none of the ground gained be lost; that there be tying up and increase of efficiency in many of the achievements stated above. We must go forward definitely in the securing of legis- lation for Chaplains of both the Army and Navy that will make it possible for them to do their best work and that will give an adequate number of Chaplains to meet the needs of all the men wherever stationed. The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains be- lieves that the church has a very special mission to these young men who are without the influence and help of home or church. 1. We record the conviction that a sufficient number of chaplains should be provided, or such additional definite provi- sion made by arrangement with reserve chaplains or other pastors, so that every post or ship shall be cared for and every soldier and sailor shall have a pastor to whom he may look for ready help. 186 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST We urge that the War and Navy Departments also effect such provision as shall enable the Saute to render unim- peded service. 2. We note with satisfaction that it is the definitely declared policy of the government to relieve the chaplains of certain extra-pastoral duties, so that they may give their entire time, strength and service to their religious duties and only to such others as contribute thereto. The chaplain’s office is unique and distinct and should be kept free from anything that would detract from his moral and spiritual ministry and all other relations to the army and navy should be subordinated to this. His primary commission 1s that of the church. 3. We would report that no pastor applying for a Reserve Commission, approved by his denominational committee, has ever been refused a commission or dismissed from the service because he had claimed liberty of speech and action as a citi- zen, and on one special occasion when this question was raised it was decided in favor of the chaplain’s assertion of those rights. We have received with especial appreciation the following emphatic word of the Secretary of War: “A Reserve Officer, except when on active duty, is not subject to the Articles of War which govern the Armies of the United States, and it is not, and never has been, the policy of the War Department to prevent, in any manner, the expression of his views, or to limit his activities.” This statement is in accord with the Constitution of the United States which clearly guarantees such freedom to all citizens and we understand that a pastor accepting a Reserve Chaplaincy in no way renounces his freedom as a citizen or as a preacher. Inasmuch, however, as this does not appear to be fully understood by all officers of the Army, we propose to suggest that the Secretary of War make this clear to all officers in charge of this matter. 4. We are gratified to record that pastors who are reserve chaplains have given their services to meet the exigency cre- ated by an insufficient number of regular chaplains. It is our judgment that reserve chaplains should be carefully chosen with great concern for the selection of well-balanced men who will fulfill the conditions we have indicated for all chaplains as to their opportunity and duties as chaplains. 5. We are in accord with the judgment of such leaders in the Army as General John F. O’Ryan, that the chaplains are ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS 187 constituted by experience to seek every constructive way by which the world may secure justice without war and we are pleased to observe that on Armistice Day many outstanding chaplains gave evidence of this earnest desire. We note that several reserve chaplains are members of the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill and that the Navy Depart- ment has sympathetically named representatives including its chief chaplain to participate in conferences looking toward the outlawry of war. 6. We have received with deep appreciation the reports of the Chief of Chaplains of the Army and the Chief Chaplain of the Navy concerning the work of the chaplains and the re- sponse of the men to whom they minister. 7. We suggest that, in conference with the Chiefs of Chap- lains, the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains name members on an Advisory Board which might be com- posed of pastors who are Reserve Chaplains, to be associated with similar representatives of other bodies, to confer from time to time on such issues as may arise. Such a board would be in position to consider matters from the points of view of both the church and the chaplains. It is advisable that responsibility for carrying out the wishes of the churches be placed upon the chaplains corps itself and that it should be done with due patience and with sympathy for all the interests concerned. Witt1AmM F. McDow.ELt, Chairman. E. O. Watson, Secretary. EDITORIAL COUNCIL OF THE RELIGIOUS PRESS The Editorial Council of the Religious Press, organized towards the close of the preceding quadrennium for the pur- pose of bringing the editors of religious publications into closer and more helpful relations with one another, has met annually during the quadrennium and held its last meeting in Columbus, December 13-14, 1923, attended by about twenty-five editors. Other informal meetings of the editors in the vicinity of New York and of those around Chicago have been held at different times. The meetings of the past year have been devoted chiefly to a discussion of the wisdom of undertaking a survey of the present status and problems of the religious press, with a view to reaching constructive conclusions as to ways in which the position of the religious press could be strengthened. The following resolutions on the recommendation of the Editorial Council was adopted by the Executive Committee of the Fed- eral Council last year: VOTED: That in view of the vital place of the religious press in the life of the church and the importance of a wider dis- semination of religious information and in response to a request from the Editorial Council of the Religious Press, that the Federal Council undertake during the coming year to make a survey of the present status of the religious press, its points of strength, weakness, and needs, together with constructive suggestions for advance, we recommend that such a survey be provided for by the Administrative Committee, if, after further conference with editors and publishers of the religious press, it is clear that such a survey is generally desired and would receive the cordial coop- eration of the editors. A tentative outline of the projected survey has been drafted and its general character approved by the Western section of the religious press. Up to the present time, however, the sur- vey has not been begun. The chief obstacle has been the lack of sufficient financial resources in the Federal Council for mak- ing a thoroughgoing study, and a general feeling that there would be little value in trying to carry out the plan unless it were to be done in a large and effective way. There has also been some question as to whether some of the editors and pub- lishers were ready to give sufficient cooperation to warrant the Council in pressing the plan further at the present moment. E. C. WarEING, Chairman. FREDERICK LyncH, Vice-Chairman. Howarp B. Grose, Secretary. 188 THE TERCENTENARY OF THE HUGUENOT- WALLOONS IN AMERICA In 1922 the Federal Council of Churches instituted the Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Commission, for the pur- pose of organizing a suitable memorial celebration of the coming of the first French and Belgian Huguenots to Amer- ica, under the flag of the Dutch West India Company, in the spring of 1624. The personnel of the Commission consisted partly of official representatives from the constituent bodies of the Federal Council, the Huguenot Societies throughout the country, and a number of historic and civic organizations, and partly of individuals interested in the historic as well as the religious significance of the Tercentenary, many of the latter bearing names distinguished in our colonial history and proud to recall their Huguenot origin and to participate in this com- memoration of the landing of their forefathers in the “New Netherlands.” Among these may be mentioned Mr. Robert W. de Forest, Chairman of the Commission and direct descendant of Jesse de Forest, organizer of the Huguenot-Walloon col- ony. The national and international import of the event cele- brated may be gauged from the fact that the President of the United States, the Queen of the Netherlands, the King of the Belgians, and the President of the French Republic accepted membership on the Commission as Honorary Chairmen. From the first, the keenest interest was aroused in Europe by the proposals of the Commission for the Tercentenary exercises, and popular sympathy was deeply stirred in the countries from which the Huguenot settlers sprang. Government Recognition The national and patriotic interest attached to the Tercente- nary as being the anniversary of a most interesting event in our Colonial history, has been commemorated by our Govern- ment in two striking ways: by the issuance, first, of the Huguenot Half Dollar; and second, of the Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary stamps, for which the Commission submitted the designs. In selecting subjects for these designs, the guiding thought was to include as much of the threefold significance of the anniversary as possible—religious, historic, and racial. The memorial coin shows on its obverse side the profiles of two great Huguenot leaders—William the Silent of Holland, and his friend and ally, Admiral Coligny, of France—both of whom were deeply interested in projects for the colonization 189 190 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST of the New World. The reverse bears the ship “Nieu Neder- land,” the sturdy Dutch vessel which carried the first boat-load of Huguenot-Walloons from their refuge in the Netherlands on that memorable voyage across the still little known and much feared ocean. Of the stamps, it is the green one-cent stamp which again displays the gallant little vessel and ac- knowledges the debt of gratitude which the Huguenots owed to the Netherlands for the protection they enjoyed there in the days of persecution. The red two-cent stamp is distinct- ively Walloon in spirit. It shows the landing of the Walloons at Albany (their first settlement), and will introduce to the public, which has had little knowledge of them heretofore, a new racial element in our colonial period. The drawing used as the basis for the design was found in an old history of New York, now many years out of print. Huguenot in character is the five-cent stamp, which will carry the message of the Ter- centenary around the world. On it is a drawing of the Ribaut monument at Mayport, Florida, whose dedication in the Ter- centenary year (May 2, 1924) was one of the outstanding features of the local celebrations. The Tercentenary Observances Sunday, April 27, 1924, was the opening date of the Hugue- not-Walloon New Netherland Tercentenary observances in this country. As the Huguenot-Walloons sought the New World, inspired by a religious motive, it was fitting that the exercises commemorating the 300th anniversary of their coming should be inaugurated by religious observances in the American churches. FLORIDA The initial civic functions of the Tercentenary took place at Mayport, Fla., on May 1, under the auspices of the Florida Daughters of the American Revolution. The occasion was the unveiling of the Ribaut Memorial, marking the spot at or near which landed the first Huguenot colonists, sent out by Ad- miral Coligny in 1562 under the command of Jean Ribaut, the first colonial enterprise to these shores of which any record has been preserved. The Florida Committee was fortunate in having present to unveil the monument Colonel William Gaspard de Coligny, whose distinguished ancestor, Gaspard de Coligny, was the originator of this colonial enterprise at “Ye Riuer Mai.” Rev. Georges Lauga officially represented the French Churches. TERCENTENARY OF THE HUGUENOT-WALLOONS 191 SouTH CAROLINA The Tercentenary celebrations in South Carolina were con- ducted by the Huguenot Society of South Carolina. On May 3 the visitors were the guests of the officers of the South Carolina Huguenot Society. On Sunday morning a special service was held in the old Huguenot Church, at which M. Lauga preached the sermon and Dr. Macfarland and Rev. John Baer Stoudt assisted the pastor, Rev.°Florian Vurpillot, and the congregation joined in the singing of well known Huguenot hymns. Accompanied by nearly a score of the members of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina, the visiting delegation went to Parris Island, where a second colony established by Jean Ribaut in 1562. Its site was recently discovered by Col. John Millis, of the United States Army. Gen. Eli K. Cole, Commandant of the United States Marine Corps now stationed on the island, caused the structure to be excavated and the great cedar logs which formed the beams and uprights were found to be practically intact throughout. General Cole has had concrete markers set up over the old posts, serving the double purpose of preserving the logs from exposure and decay and showing plainly the outlines of the fort itself. It was to place the last marker, bearing a memorial tablet in brass, that the Tercentenary Commission and the various Huguenot soci- eties visited Parris Island and assisted at the ceremony of marking this historic spot which holds the remains of what is probably the oldest trace of the white man’s handiwork in this country. WASHINGTON, D. C. Sunday, May 11, was the date of the national memorial service in Washington, D. C. It took place in the Reformed Church of which President Roosevelt was a member, and was attended by Ambassador Jusserand, of France; Ambassador de Cartier, of Belgium, and Dr. A. D. C. de Graeff, Minister of the Netherlands, as well as many other representatives of official Washington. M. Lauga preached the sermon, and Dr. Hoyois and Mr. Stoudt assisted the pastor, Rev. Henry H. Ranck, in the service, and brought brief messages of greeting. VALLEY FORGE The Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania, as its share in the Tercentenary, arranged a special meeting at the Memorial Chapel at Valley Forge, Pa. The chief speakers were the two foreign guests, Rev. Georges Lauga, of France, and Rey. 192 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Leonard Hoyois, who had in the meantime arrived from Bel- gium, representing the Belgian Churches and the municipality of Mons in the Province of Hainaut. Tue NEw YorkK PROGRAM _ The first event in the Tercentenary program of New York was the historical pilgrimage around Staten Island under the auspices of the Staten Island Historical Society and the Hol- land Society, held on Saturday, May 17. Sunday, May 18, brought two exceedingly interesting and inspiring services. First of all, 20 French athletes from the French Y. M. C. A. and four ladies from the French Y. W. C. A. undertook to duplicate the “walk to Church” performed 300 years ago by the Huguenots of New Rochelle, when there was no church in their settlement and they had to come to New Amsterdam to hear the Gospel preached. Eleven o’clock on Saturday night was the hour of starting from the City Hall of New Rochelle, and promptly at 10:30 they marched into the French Evangel- ical Church in West Sixteenth Street. The principal features were the sermon in French by M. Lauga, of the French Prot- estant Federation in Paris, and the singing of old Huguenot hymns by the well-trained choir. M. Hoyois, Dr. Macfarland, Bishop Darlington and Mr. Stoudt gave brief messages of greeting. | In the afternoon the Tercentenary exercises once more shifted to Staten Island, to the dedication of the Huguenot Memorial Church in a memorable service. The building itself, designed by the noted architect, Ernest Flagg, was a revelation in its unique stone work, picturesque setting and beauty of line. Nearly all the Huguenot Societies of America were represented. Dr. A. D. C. de Graeff, the Netherlands minis- ter, brought a warm message of sympathy from the Queen of the Netherlands, who expressed her gratification at the Ter- centenary exercises and her recognition of the appropriateness of the designs on the Huguenot half-dollar. DEDICATION OF THE WALLOON MoNUMENT The most notable civic event of the Tercentenary in New York was the dedication of the Hainaut Memorial, a monu- ment to the Walloon pioneers of 1624, presented by the Bel- gian Province of Hainaut. Baron de Cartier de Marchienne, representing the Belgian King and Government, presented the monument to the City of New York. Immediately after the presentation address, Miss Priscilla Mary de Forest (ztas three years), a descendant in the ninth generation of Jesse TERCENTENARY OF THE HUGUENOT-WALLOONS 193 de Forest, who inspired the colonial enterprise which led finally to the settlement of New Netherland, pulled the cords which held the coverings of the monument, and revealed the plain shaft of stone, bearing the arms of Hainaut and a suit- able inscription. The Huguenot Pilgrimage to Europe The Huguenot Pilgrimage was the closing event of the cele- brations commemorating the three hundredth anniversary of the landing in America of the first Huguenot-Walloons. Not only were the members of the Pilgrimage enthusiasti- cally welcomed by their brethren in the faith, but national and civic authorities everywhere participated in the event. The delegation went first to visit the Huguenot congregation which has had its place of worship in the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral since about 1550. In Leyden, the “City of Refuge” for the scattered groups of Walloons and French Huguenots fleeing from religious persecutions, the Pilgrims were received by the municipal officials and by the Leyden Pilgrim Fathers’ Society. The memory of William the Silent was honored by a visit to his tomb at Delft. From the Netherlands the Pilgrims went via Worms and Heidelberg to Strasbourg to participate in the union patriotic service at one of the Lutheran Churches on July 14, the great French national holiday. Part of the delegation spent the preceding Sunday in Strasbourg, attending the special Ter- centenary service at the Reformed Church, while the rest accompanied the Director to Chateau-Thierry, where the memorial Church was dedicated with impressive ceremonies on July 13. A group of the “Pilgrims” was also present at the dedication of the memorial Church at Compiegne. In Zurich the program included a reception in the historic cathedral and a visit to the Museum of the Reformation. An impressive ceremony in the Cathedral of St. Peter marked the celebrations at Geneva, where the Pilgrimage was also officially received by the staff of the League of Nations. The Pilgrimage next paid a visit to the Waldensian valleys of Italy, arriving Sunday, July 27. At Torre Pellice, the Waldensian capital, the members were officially received in the “Casa Valdese” and participated in the worship at the Waldensian Church. At Bobbio Pellice the Monument of the Martyrs was visited. With its arrival at Nimes, where it was warmly greeted by the local committee, the Pilgrimage penetrated into what is really the heart of the Huguenot region of France—the gate- 194 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST way to the Cevennes, and the “Huguenot Desert.” Very naturally interest in the Pilgrimage was very keen throughout this section of France, and huge crowds gathered at the Musée du Desert, the Tower of Constance, Montpellier and other places famous in Huguenot lore. The celebration at the Musée du Désert received added impressiveness from the fact that it was held in front of the building in the open air, the surround- ing hills forming a natural amphitheatre. Chief Justice Sar- raut, President of the French Supreme Court, presided. After brief halts at Carcassonne, Montauban and Bordeaux, where in each case they were met with the greatest goodwill by the population, the Pilgrims were received in La Rochelle, the most famous of the Huguenot strongholds, the city so notably associated with the struggle for religious liberty in France. In Paris the program included a reception by the French Protestant Federation at the French Protestant Headquarters in the Rue de Clichy, another by the French Protestant His- torical Society and the Comité Protestant des Amitiés Fran- caises at the library and museum of the Historical Society, a gathering in the Church of the Oratoire and a visit to the Huguenot monuments in Paris. The principal civic function took place on August 19, when the Huguenot delegation was received by President Doumergue at the Chateau Rambouil- let, the historic summer home of the French presidents. On Friday, August 22, the delegation went to Avesnes where they attended the unveiling of a monument to Jesse de Forest, a native of that city and the organizer of the Hugue- not-Walloon colony which subsequently settled in New Neth- erland in 1624. A great popular demonstration of about five thousand marked the dedication which was attended by high French officials who assisted the Mayor of the city, the Prefect of the district and Senator Pasqual. A most effective termination to the Tercentenary Pilgrimage was made by the commemorative exercises in Belgium, notably Brussels and Mons, the provincial capital of Hainaut. The Pilgrimage had a special significance for the Protes- tants of France and Belgium. To them, relatively small in numbers as they are, though with a rich heritage of loyalty to their faith and steadfastness in times of trial, it seemed a visualization of the strength and power of the Protestant Church in America, the land to which the ancestors of their faith had once been forced to flee from the persecutions of the Old World. And, on the other hand, the visitors were reminded of the debt of gratitude which the Churches of TERCENTENARY OF THE HUGUENOT-WALLOONS 195 America owe to the lands whose sons and daughters brought Evangelical Christianity to our shores. Such reflections help to strengthen the bonds which unite us to our brethren over- seas. CHARLES S. MACFARLAND, Chairman, Executive Committee. JoHN BAER STOUDT, Director. THE WASHINGTON COMMITTEE The purpose of the Washington Office may be briefly stated as two-fold: first, conveying to the government and various departments the expressed mind and will of the churches, either of individual bodies or as represented in the Federal Council, concerning moral and religious questions as these touch national and international relations ; and, secondly, ascer- taining for the constituent bodies and for the Federal Council as representing them, the attitude of the government and its various departments in relation to actions involving the moral and religious welfare of the country and of the nations of the world. Asa part of this distinctive work it is also the privilege of the committee to render service in answering inquiries made by the government and its various departments in Washington concerning the church, its progress and development, and its actions in matters of national and international concern. The Washington office, in a word, has served during the past quadrennium as a bureau of general religious informa- tion to the government, to the constituent bodies and even to individuals. We are glad to state that through the quadren- nium there has been apparent a growing recognition of the service of the Washington office by the government and by our constituent bodies. There has also been increasing use of the facilities of our office by individuals in securing data bear- ing upon moral and religious questions. Since the Washington office functions not as a separate de- partment of the Council but in close cooperation with all its commissions and committees, much of its service is included in their reports and need not be repeated here. Limitation of Armament Conference One of the outstanding activities of the quadrennium has been the participation in the Limitation of Armament Conference, first in impressing upon the government the imperative demand of the religious leadership of the country for such a confer- ence, and, secondly, in conveying to the representatives of the countries represented in this conference the goodwill of the churches of America. This was done through conference with representatives of the Washington Committee and representa- tives of each of the countries sending delegates to the Limitation of Armament Conference. Through these conferences, unques- tionably, most favorable impressions were made as to the atti- tude of goodwill on the part of this country, and we have good 196 THE WASHINGTON COMMITTEE 197 reason to believe that these conferences had no small bearing in bringing to a more favorable attitude the representatives assembled for the Limitation of Armament Conference, and therefore made decided contribution to its success. Possibly no one feature of the quadrennium’s work had greater bearing upon international justice and goodwill between the nations than the great Thanksgiving Service, November twenty-fourth, 1921, planned by the Washington office, under the auspices of the Federal Council. This service was held in the Calvary Baptist Church, and attended, upon special invitation, by the President of the United States, the Secretary of State, others of the official circle and many of the delegates from the various countries represented at the Limitation of Armament Con- ference. The service was largely attended and made a pro- found impression. Relations with Governmental Agencies The Secretary, as representing the Washington Office, has attended throughout the quadrennium, hearings before con- gressional committees on such questions as Prohibition and Sale of Peyote among Indians, Race Track Gambling, the Shepherd-Towner Educational Bill, Prohibition Within the Three Mile Limit, Child Labor, Prohibition in the Canal Zone, Immigration and other hearings before committees of the House and Senate in which moral or religious questions were involved and concerning which it was desirable either to secure information or to have an expression as to the mind of the churches. The Washington Office was influential in securing the ex- tension of the $25,000,000 Austrian Loan, thereby helping to further the recovery of Austria and to express the goodwill of America. It has been the privilege of the Washington Office to be in closest contact with the Red Cross and the State Department both in imparting and securing information concerning the ex- act status of the Refugees in Greece. The efforts of our office resulted in an appropriation by the Red Cross of the quinine necessary to meet the malaria plague that menaced the Greek Refugees a year ago. The Secretary has represented the Federal Council in vari- ous conferences in behalf of reform held by different bodies in the city of Washington, such as the National Temperance Conference, Motion Picture Conference, National Information Bureau Conference, American Legion, Citizenship Confer- ence, and the meeting of the National Education Association with special reference to its department on Americanization. 198 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST The office has arranged conferences with representatives of the churches concerning various questions such as Russian Relief, relief in connection with the Smyrna disaster, Relief for the Greek Refugees, Relief for the German Children, participa- tion in the World Court, Japanese exclusion, etc., etc. Year Book of the Churches The editing and publishing of the Year Book of the Churches was made a part of the work of the Washington Office early in this quadrennium. The Year Book was greatly enlarged in its scope, many features being added, such as a synopsis of history, doctrine and polity of all the denominations from the standards of the denominations themselves; a directory and who’s who of the activities of the churches and benevolent organizations with full information as to religious statistics; directory of the Federal Council of Churches and the setting forth of its work; a full directory of the Chaplains in the Army and Navy with summary of religious work in both branches of the service. The reception of the Year Book as thus enlarged has been most gratifying. From all quarters have come assur- ances that it is an indispensable hand-book. The Year Book is now recognized by the World Almanac and the Department of Commerce as a source of data for religious statistics. The libraries have shown a growing appreciation of the need for having it upon their tables. The theological seminaries are beginning to use the Year Book not only as a hand-book, but in some cases as a supplementary text book for comparative study of the denominations of the United States. Apparently, through the growing publicity attendant upon the publication of the Year Book data, our office has been applied to by an increasingly large number of individuals desiring specific in- formation. This information very often requires much careful and extended research in order to answer seemingly very simple questions, and at times it has appeared that we would either be swamped by the amount of such inquiries or have to develop our office more definitely as a bureau of religious information. It is our conviction that the Washington Office may well be expanded as a bureau of religious information. More and more as its work becomes known there will be demands for specific information requiring much original investigation and research. We believe, too, that the Federal Council is the medium through which should be secured, annually, exact information as to the progress of the churches in all lands and the present status, not only of the churches of christendom, but of the various religions other than christianity throughout the world. THE WASHINGTON COMMITTEE 199 Service to Mission Boards The Washington Office has been able to render valuable service to various mission boards and to others in the securing of passports for missionaries. Often in applying for a pass- port some little detail has been overlooked which our office can immediately supply. We have had a number of such cases. In some instances, for lack of certain data in connec- tion with application for passport, missionaries on their way to port of departure would have been forced to wait for weeks before sailing, whereas upon application to our office direct telephone communication secured all information lacking and the passport was issued in ample time to prevent any delay. Our office also serves constituent bodies in securing the authentication of the Department of State and of the Embassy of the country in which foreign mission operations are being opened or where proxies are needed in the buying and selling of property. From time to time new laws such as the Luxury Tax recently passed in Japan have bearing upon the mission- ary operations of the churches in foreign lands and we can readily secure definite information as to the application of such laws, especially in matters relating to hospital supplies and equipment for missionaries. We have had a number of cases, especially during this last year, relative to aliens being detained at Ellis Island. We are often able to secure such information as brings release of those who would otherwise be returned under the quota al- lowed their native country. General Service The service that the Washington Office can render its con- stituent bodies is wide and varied. We rejoice that through not only this quadrennium but the whole period of the exist- ence of this office there has been no conflict or antagonism between the office and the various departments of the govern- ment. There is no door that is shut against us. The repre- sentatives of the Federal Council are everywhere recognized and treated with the utmost courtesy. Witit1amM F. McDow.ELt, Chairman E. O. WatTSON, Secretary WESTERN OFFICE The Western office of the Federal Council of Churches was organized May 1, 1921, with the assistance and cooperation of the Chicago Church Federation in securing suitable admin- istrative arrangements. The functions of the Western office as interpreted by the officers of the Federal Council are as follows: 1. To serve as a central and western base of operations for the Federal Council. 2. To serve as an office for the secretaries of the Council operating in this or any western area, or passing through Chicago. 3. To conserve relations with the central and western sections of the United States in a way to interpret more adequately the ideals of the Federal Council in these areas. 4. To furnish information in the form of literature and correspon- dence to individuals and groups desiring fuller understanding of the plans and activities of the Federal Council, or planning some form of local cooperation after the manner of a Church Council or Church Federation. In organizing the Western office the Administrative Com- mittee of the Federal Council appointed a group of nine to act as the nucleus of the Western Committee. The personnel of that group was as follows: Dr. Howard Agnew Johnston; Dean Shailer Mathews; Hon. Thomas E. D. Bradley; Prof. Graham Taylor; Rev. William Chalmers Covert; Rev. Perry J. Rice; Bishop Thomas Nicholson; Mr. Clifford W. Barnes; and Mr, Oliver R. Williamson. It was understood that Dr. Herbert L. Willett, for some time associated with the Admin- istrative work of the Federal Council, should act as its rep- resentative in Chicago under the direction of the Western Committee. | It was understood that the functions of the Western Com- mittee should include the following items: 1. To supervise the work of the Western office. 2. To study as fully as possible the procedure and opportunities of the Federal Council. 3. To offer to the Administrative Committee of the Federal Council its suggestions regarding the best interests and procedure of the Council. 4. To encourage its men to attend as many of the meetings of the Administrative and Executive Committee as possible where the members of this Committee should have at least sitting membership. 5. To cooperate with the various Commissions of the Federal Council in their activities in the central and western areas of the United States, especially with the Commission on Councils of Churches. At the early meetings of the Western Committee it was decided that its membership should be increased to include 200 WESTERN OFFICE 201 proportionate representation of the leading denominations rep- resented in the Federal Council in the Chicago area. The total number decided upon is twenty-one. The standing of the Western Committee is that of a sub-committee of the Ad- ministrative Committee of the Federal Council, reporting to the Administrative Committee and considering questions sub- mitted to it by the Administrative Committee. During the month of August, 1922, Federal Council Week at Chautauqua, New York, was promoted by joint cooperation of the Western Office and the Chautauqua Administration. In 1923 and 1924 the arrangement thus begun has been carried on by the Federal Council’s Commission on International Jus- tice and Goodwill. Soon after the meeting of the Executive Committee in Chicago in December, 1921, the western representative of the Federal Council made a journey through the Northwest and down the Pacific coast, interpreting at all points visited the ideals and achievements of the Federal Council, the prog- ress of the cooperative movement in general, and the work of local federations and councils of churches. Such cities as Minneapolis, Billings, Butte, Spokane, Tacoma, Olympia, San José, Bakersfield, Stockton, San Diego and Denver were in- cluded in the itinerary, and in all of them addresses were made and conferences held. Special attention was given to the local councils of churches at Seattle, Portland, San Francisco and vicinity, Sacramento and Los Angeles. In the conferences deep interest was manifested in the attempt to coordinate the Protestant forces and to serve effectively in behalf of the co- operating denominations. There was usually evident a feeling of gratitude that the Federal Council is carrying forward the cooperative movement in such a variety of forms. It is clear that many of these communities through the west especially appreciate the interest of the Federal Council, not only as manifested in establishing the Western Office at Chicago, but in the visits of secretaries through the west and to the coast. Visits to other cities have been made by the representative of the Federal Council during the season, including St. Louis, Mo.; Richmond, Ind.; Aurora and Peoria, Ill.; Clinton, lowa; Buffalo, N. Y.; Detroit and Grand Rapids, Mich.; Youngs- town, Ohio; Lincoln and Omaha, Neb.; Milwaukee and Apple- ton, Wis., and Northfield, Minn. Many of the meetings of the Administrative Committee in New York have been at- tended by the representative, and occasionally by other mem- bers of the Western Committee. These committee members have also been serviceable in representing the Federal Council on several occasions. Addresses have also been made by the 202 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST representative in the interest of the work of the Council at several educational institutions, colleges, universities and theological seminaries. One of the functions of the Western Office has been the securing of transportation for the members of the secretarial force. This has been possible to a certain extent, and about 20,000 miles of free transportation have been secured during the past year. A large body of circular literature, descriptive of the Federal Council’s work, has been distributed from this office, and a considerable number of the recently published Year Book of the Churches have been sold. An event of significance in the calendar of the Western Office was the visit of Dr. Speer to Chicago, October 19, 1922, under the joint auspices of the Federal Council and the Chicago Church Federation. A body of nearly 500 citizens heard his stirring address on the necessity for cooperative action among Protestant forces in meeting adequately the present world situation. During 1923 visits were made by Dr. Willett to many points within the area of the Western Committee’s work. In all of these places interpretations were made of the work of the Federal Council and of the cooperative movement in general. One of the most important items connected with the work of the Western Office has been the promotion of the Illinois Council of Churches. It is the conviction of the Western Committee that the loca- tion of the office of the Federal Council in the Western area has been a profitable and timely procedure. It is increasingly apparent that interest in the Federal Council is growing in proportion to the interpretation of its work, by correspondence, by conference, and by visitation. The amount of correspondence grows constantly; the num- ber of visitors to the Western Office increases, and the oppor- tunities for visitation open to a secretary or representative of the Federal Council are increasing rapidly. It is the belief of the Committee that the present arrangements, involving as they do, only a portion of the time of the representative, do not meet the full needs of the situation, and that as soon as possible steps should be taken to secure a secretary who can devote all of his time to this important and expanding work. In August the representative, Rev. Herbert L. Willett, re- signed to leave on a world tour, in which he will represent the interest of the Federal Council as occasion offers. The office administration at present is cared for by Rev. Perry J. Rice. SHAILER MATHEWS, Chairman. AFFILIATED, CONSULTATIVE AND COOPERATING BODIES HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL The Home Missions Council, like the Federal Council, is one of those interdenominational children that was born some sixteen years ago. Like the Federal Council, it has gradually extended the scope of its work through the years until today a very definite and vital contribution is being made in the field of cooperative service. This organization in conjunction with the Council of Women for Home Missions is rendering a very effective service to the strangers who pass through Ellis Island. Through direct contacts in Europe, and social workers at Ellis Island, we are able to furnish very definite information to pastors concerning the locations of incoming immigrants in their community. The increase of Protestant immigrants under the new law has greatly enlarged both our opportunity and responsibility in this respect. Another very fine piece of joint work is being carried on in eight Government Indian Schools. Through this plan a single religious worker is provided for each of these schools. No stress of denominations is involved. Competition is eliminated. Government approval and cooperation is assured while the Indian students rejoice in feeling that their religion tends to provide a basis for a more satisfactory fellowship all around. This arrangement, like the one mentioned above, is meeting with increased support generally. It secures a better type of leadership with less expense to the Home Mission Boards. Much attention has been and will be given to the develop- ment of cooperative plans in the field. The administrators of eight states are cooperating through Councils, organized under the stimulus of the Home Missions Council. They are planning together to provide service for unchurched fields and the elimination of excessive competition, wherever possible. This work has been done without much publicity, yet without doubt no organization has done more in developing coopera- tive plans in field administration than the Home Missions Council. The interest is steadily growing, and involves both English work and that of racial or foreign speaking groups. As a consequence of these field plans, there can be no doubt but the various boards have been saved thousands, if not 203 204 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST millions of money. Beside this, communities being served are responding in a more satisfactory manner. In recent years our conception of what ought to be involved in Christian work has changed greatly. There is no human interest that is not now given consideration in some way. The Home Mission Boards are now involved in a great many differing lines of work. This has greatly affected the work of the Home Missions Council. It has also affected other organizations such as the Federal Council. As a result, there are regions of work in which both are logically interested. To avoid a possible duplication in the future it is most desirable that the representatives of these two organizations should en- deavor to more closely coordinate, if not consolidate these two bodies. Fair minded spirits ought to work toward the day when these organizations would prove to be living examples of the ideals they advocate for others. C. E. VERMILYA, General Secretary. COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS Composed of twenty Women’s Boards of Home Missions, simultaneous partnership with organizations functioning in radically different realms is a preeminent characteristic of the Council of Women for Home Missions. Evidences of this are (1) service for women’s groups carried on in unity with the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions, (2) co- operation with the Home Missions Council through committees dealing with various types of people or areas of missionary endeavor, and (3) joint publishing with the Missionary Edu- cation Movement. The statement of the Council presented to the last quadrennial meeting of the Federal Council outlined the beginning and growth in cooperation along these lines, then of comparatively recent date. The intervening years have greatly strengthened these bonds. A joint committee of the Federation and Council prepares plans, programs and printed material for the use of local Women’s Church and Missionary Federations, Missionary Unions and Women’s Departments of Councils of Churches. The local groups are affiliated by payment of annual dues. The Day of Prayer for Missions is observed on the first Friday in Lent. The Federation and Council provide a pro- gram and preliminary material and suggest for freewill offer- ings the following interdenominationally conducted projects: Work among Farm and Cannery Migrants, Christian Litera- ture for Women and Children in Mission Fields, Women’s Union Christian Colleges of the Orient. The latter two are foreign mission objects. The Work among Farm and Cannery Migrants is carried on through the Council by a committee composed of twelve women’s boards, being financed by those boards and contributions from local federations and student groups. The needs of the migrants and the type of service at the stations is graphically portrayed in leaflets published by the Council, several especially attrac- tive new issues having been printed during the past year. Miss Laura H. Parker is Executive Supervisor. Beside stations among foreign-speaking and Negro folk in the Chesapeake area, in 1924 a local committee was formed in Oregon and with Miss Louise F. Shields as Supervisor, stations were opened in hop fields and apple ranches. The Federation and Council provide Woman's Home and Foreign Mission Bulletins; six pages in each issue of the Missionary Review of the World. These furnish important 205 206 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST news items and reports, articles on the various fields, and sug- gestions for meetings and activities. Nineteen Conferences and Schools of Missions are affiliated with the Council and a Home Missions Institute is annually conducted at Chautauqua, N. Y. A recent development in the growing cooperation of the Federation and Council has been effected through the unification of the work of the two com- mittees on Schools of Missions. The Federated Student Committee has been formed, com- posed of the Committees on Student Work of the Federation and Council, representatives of the Student Department of the Young Women’s Christian Association, women representatives of the Council of Church Boards of Education, Student Volun- teer Movement, and Student Fellowship for Christian Life- Service. The agencies doing religious work among women students thus now have facilities for correlating and integra- ting their service, and for complete understanding and in- formation concerning each other’s separate activities. Unitedly they are “promoting visits to colleges by interdenominational teams thus bringing the work of the whole Church before the entire student body at the same time and developing inter- denominational cooperation.” Since 1920, while maintaining separate entity, the Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions have had joint committees on all lines of work common to the two organizations and have held their annual meetings together, thus eliminating overlapping or duplication of effort. Two undertakings of the Councils might be especially men- tioned. (1) Religious Work Directors are appointed to a number of Government Indian Schools. This field gives promise of great fruitfulness for in these schools are gathered at the most impressionable age the potential leaders of the race. (2) The Bureau of Reference for Migrating People, formerly called Follow-Up of New Americans, forwards the names of Protestant immigrants to pastors or local agencies (such as Councils of Churches) at destination, providing a service of reference, visitation and ministration, and helping to extend the “hand of friendship” to the new comers. Mr. Raymond E. Cole is in charge of this work for immigrants. Joint publishing of all interdenominational home mission literature by the Missionary Education Movement and Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions which, four years ago, had just begun, has since been in continuous operation with hearty accord. The theme for 1924-’25 is “The Way of Christ in Race Relations,” with the following books: for adults and young people, Of One Blood, by Robert E. Speer, Adventures COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS 207 in Brotherhood, by Dorothy F. Giles; for intermediate groups, Land of All Nations, by Margaret F. Seebach; for boys and girls, a reading book, Uncle Sam’s Family, by Dorothy McCon- nell; for leaders of junior groups, Better Americans; Number Two, by Mary DeBardeleben. A reading book, The Land of Saddle Bags, a study of the mountain people of Appalachia, by James Watt Raine, has also been published. The theme for 1925-’26 will be “The Slavs in America.” Besides these perennial services, the Council from time to time joins with other groups in various spheres of related activity. Among these this past year have been (1) the study of recruiting by representatives of interdenominational bodies, (2) service on the Council on Correlation of Programs of Religious Education, (3) participation in the Women’s Na- tional Committee for Law Enforcement and in (4) the Co- operating Council of the American Peace Award created by Edward W. Bok, and (5) membership in the Women’s Joint Congressional Committee. A group of ten national women’s organizations, of which the Council is one, is planning a Con- ference on the Cause and Cure of War to be held in Wash- ington, D. C., January 18-24, 1925. The Council governs the direction and decides the diversity of its efforts with a realization of the relation of missions to world peace and international, economic and race relations, and is ever seeking through education and activities, to aid in estab- lishing an unqualifiedly Christian basis for world relations. FLORENCE E. QuINLAN, Executive Secretary. FEDERATION OF WOMAN’S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA The present membership of the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions of North America is twenty- seven Women’s Boards of Foreign Missions in the United States and Canada and four interdenominational agencies ; The McAll Mission having become affiliated in January, 1924. Twenty-one Schools of Missions or Summer Conferences are also affiliated with the Federation. The Central Committee for the United Study of Foreign Missions, which acts as the Publication and Literature Com- mittee of the Federation is celebrating in January, 1925, its twenty-fifth anniversary. The theme for the study books of 1924-1925 is China. The senior book, “Ming Kwong—City of Morning Light,’ by Mary Ninde Gamewell, the Junior “Chinese Lanterns,” by Mrs. Henry Meyer. For 1925-1926 the theme Prayer and Missions is a fitting climax for their silver anniversary. Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery is writing the adult book and Mrs. E. C. Cronk the junior. Twenty-five Church and Missionary Federations are af- filiated with the Federation by a payment of annual dues. A joint Committee with the Council of Women for Home Mis- sions on Church and Missionary Federations prepares leaflets with suggestions for organization and programs, keeps them in touch with the interdenominational activities and is in con- stant correspondence with between two and three hundred such organizations and is trying to have them affiliate with the national societies. The Day of Prayer for Missions is observed annually on the first Friday in Lent, by Canada and the United States; Canada prepares her own material. A card and program are prepared annually by the Federation and the Council, the de- mand for which has steadily increased since the beginning of the united observance. The theme for February 27, 1925, is “Even as Thou Wilt.” A program of Prayer and Thanksgiv- ing, emphasizing a Christian Basis for World Relations, World Cooperation, and Allegiance to Law. The Federation cooperates through its Committee on Inter- denominational Institutions on the Foreign Field with the Co- operating Committee on Women’s Union Christian Colleges on the Mission Field. New buildings for the seven Union Col- leges have been completed or are under construction. The work of the Committee for Christian Literature for 208 WOMAN’S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 209 Women and Children on the Mission Field which the Federa- tion promotes in China, Japan and India, far exceeds in its demands all the committee can do. In China it helps publish a magazine for children “Happy Childhood,” which reaches at least ten thousand children each month. In Japan, a small newspaper “Light of Love,’ for coolie women and children has a large circulation; Dr. Hulbert’s “Stories of the Bible” has been translated and published there this year. “The Treasure Chest,” a magazine for boys and girls was started in 1922, and has a paid subscription in India of three thousand; it is published in English and three vernaculars, Urdu, Marathi and Tamil. The Federation this year has cooperated with the Woman’s National Committee for Law Enforcement and with other National Women’s Organizations for a convention on the Cause and Cure of War to be held in Washington, January, 1925. It endorses the World Acquaintance Tours and con- tinues its work for the Federation of Christian Women of the World. The official publication of the Federation is a three page Foreign Mission Bulletin, published in the Missionary Review of the World. Fuller cooperation, more united service and a truer concep- tion of the scope and purpose of women’s work for missions is the goal for which we are striving. SARAH H. PoLHEMUs, Executive Secretary. THE COUNCIL OF CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION During the year 1924 the Executive Secretary of the Council of Church Boards of Education, who is also the Executive Secretary of the Association of American Col- leges, by invitation of the Office National des Universités et Ecoles Francatses delivered a course of lectures at the Sor- bonne (University of Paris) on the organization and student life of American institutions of higher education. A significant bond of fellowship is being established between exchange scholars in the two countries. The Association of Franco- American Scholars—the only student association in France— is an active organization following American student models. Of the French students now in the United States on scholar- ships, nearly all are in colleges and universities affiliated with the Council of Church Boards of Education and the Associa- tion of American Colleges, these institutions being those for the most part that offer scholarships. A study of theological education covering nearly three years has been completed. A report on the theological seminaries and colleges of the United States and Canada (161) under the title THEOLOGICAL EpucATION IN AMERICA—a book of 400 pages—published by the Institute of Social and Religious Re- search, has met a remarkable reception, having had unusual publicity in both the secular and religious press. It is the work of a fact-finding not a program-making Commission. A widespread demand has sprung up for a “follow-up” of the findings embodied in this book and for conferences looking toward the improvement of theological instruction. Among the agencies urging interdenominational cooperation in this effort are the Conference of Theological Seminaries and Col- leges of the United States and Canada, the Conference of Theological Seminaries of the South, numerous church Boards of Education and individual seminaries. As Bishop Brent, Chairman of the Advisory Committee, under whose direction the survey was made, has said: “I believe, and others agree with me, that it may be a new starting point for theological education.” A careful study of the theological schools and departments training Negro ministers has been completed and the findings embodied in a separate report. In this connection the follow- ing resolution passed by the National Association of Teachers 210 COUNCIL OF CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION 211 in Colored Schools in annual session at Dallas, Tex., July 30, 1924, is of no small significance: “We recommend and request that provision be made for the ap- pointment of a suitable man to become a visitor and advisor of theological education in our schools, working in cooperation with various authorities for the development of theological training.” It is a matter of interest also that the theological seminaries of a number of the denominations are relating themselves to the church boards of education with the purpose of coordina- ting their work more fully with the other agencies of Christian education. In addition to these studies, there are two others closely re- lated which will be of great use in the future plans for Christian education: one a study of the work of the Y. M. C. A. in the colleges and universities by Dr. E. C. Sage of the Gen- eral Education Board; the other a far-reaching investigation, first proposed by the Council of Church Boards of Education, undertaken by the Institute of Social and Religious Research, of the moral and religious conditions in institutions of higher education. These will furnish notable source material for years to come in nation-wide programs for Christian education. During the year also the Council itself has completed an investigation of the religious instruction offered by 250 colleges affiliated with the church boards of education. This shows the work done in religious instruction by student groups ag- gregating more than 100,000 in denominational colleges. Num- erous suggestions are made for improving the instruction in religion among these students. This report is a companion piece to “Undergraduate Courses in Religion in Tax-Supported Colleges and Universities of America,’ Bulletin IV, of the National Council of Religion in Higher Education, which sets forth the opportunity for religious instruction among 100,000 students in state institutions. The interest taken by the administrators of our state uni- versities and colleges in Christian education has been increas- ingly sympathetic and intelligent. Numerous plans for em- phasizing the religious significance of American education are now actively espoused by state university presidents and deans. The demands upon the Council of Church Boards of Edu- cation for work in and for the colleges, universities and seminaries have so increased that an experienced solicitor has been placed in the field to increase the Council’s budget. There are many evidences of remarkable development in this field in the immediate future. Rosert L. KEtty, Executive Secretary. AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY From 1920 to 1924 the issues of the Society have been as follows: AO ZU Nea vehamtie | Sa MR a Uat satay WG aw ene ea 3,825,401 Dee inn wie i telig'ah 4's is BHT b etait RIM UIWN A a bg te aisha Ur oat lt 4,861,181 POZO AE REY) Wis iare Gait aivteca a stata a eater cual tg intaia iM, cus elses 4,563,067 PORT NNT PERE clPcis Lita Week neta i parer ane Und ag 7,101,289 gee ee appar Cpe Ca Menta alos Sh FL ap 20,350,938 The total of the preceding quadrennium was... .20,216,348 THiS} Sat sinierease GL. Nel ewe et «clean gees s 134,590 over the preceding four years. In some respects the most notable fact in the history of the Society during this period has been the giving up of manufac- ture in the Bible House, at Astor Place. The old brick build- ing covering the entire block between 8th Street and 9th Street and Third and Fourth Avenues was erected over seventy-five years ago for the purpose of providing a home for the exten- sive manufacturing interests of the Society, its Executive Of- fices, the meetings of its governing board, etc. Half of the building was used for this purpose, the other half being a source of income for the Society. For some time the Society has been studying the possibility of securing the manufacture of its books in the various large printing plants in different parts of the country and it became convinced that it could enlarge its work and reduce its costs by using such establish- ments rather than by the expensive process of keeping its own plant up to date with all the applications requisite for the multiplied demands. As an illustration it may be mentioned that the Society is able to produce Gospels at one cent a piece by having them run off by the million on special presses adap- ted for that work which are expensive presses for which the Society would have no use except for a period of a few weeks each year. On the first of February, 1922, the presses of the Society ceased the service which they had rendered for many decades. They have since been removed from the Bible House and the great rooms in which they were have been fitted for offices for the promotional work of the institution. The rooms occupied by the bindery and other similar activities have been remodeled into office rooms and are now bringing in an income. Suitable arrangements were made with the employees by which their interests were cared for, quite a number of them being placed on a pension list because they had been with the Society 212 AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY 213 many, many years. The new program is working efficiently. It has its drawbacks but it has made possible, in spite of the increasing cost of production, quite a considerable reduction in the prices of the books that are most largely used for Sunday Schools and missionary purposes. Of course the Society con- tinues to use its own plates so that the accuracy of the versions, for which the Society has been notable, has been preserved. In fire-proof vaults these plates are carefully kept and it would cost an incalculable sum almost to replace them if they should be destroyed. They are one of the great physical assets of the Society. The translation and revision work of these last four years has seen the preparation of the Four Gospels in Mukri-Kurd- ish for use on the frontier of Turkey and Persia, translated by a Mr. Fossum who died as the result of unselfish service for the Near East Relief; the Four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles and the First Epistle of John were brought out in Luragoli for use in East Africa; the Gospel of St. Mark in K’Pelle for West Africa; the Gospel of St. John in Olunyore for work in East Africa; the Gospel of St. John has been pre- pared for the Mussu people in Siam; the New Testament has been completed in Bolivian Quechua published in a diglot form with Spanish for the Inca Indians in Bolivia; the work of preparing a revised Spanish New Testament, for use in Spain and Latin America, in which the Society has had fel- lowship with the British and Foreign Bible Society for many years, has been completed. There are ninety millions of people in the world that speak the Spanish language. This Spanish American Version has been given a hearty reception. In China the two great Union Versions, one the Union Wenli and the other the Union Mandarin on which Committees of mission- aries had been working for many generations, were completed both in the Shangti and Shen editions. This event is as notable as any event in the missionary world to those who have imag- ination sufficient to see the meaning of this perfection of the Bible in the common language spoken by hundreds of millions of people as well as in the language used by the more scholarly in that land. The Society has also brought out the Scriptures in the Phonetic Script which is gaining a considerable use in China. The Revised Zulu Bible has also been completed for service among large numbers of people speaking that language in South Africa. The Society is now undertaking a survey of the needs of the Indian peoples in Mexico, Central and South America and has begun cooperation with missionaries there in a number of dialects. In our report of four years ago reference was made to the 214 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST use of the Scriptures among the soldiers engaged in the world war. It is perhaps desirable that a brief summary should be given here. The total of the Society’s supplies for the Amer- ican Forces during the war was 4,920,543 volumes. Special New Testaments were prepared for the American troops in Bohemian, French, Greek, Italian, Polish, Roumanian, Rus- sian, Spanish and Yiddish. These are separate from the foreign language Bibles to which reference was made four years ago. In addition to the volumes supplied for the Army and Navy of the United States 1,887,758 volumes were sent out by the Society to the belligerent forces of all the nations making a complete'record of nearly seven millions of volumes (6,808,301) distributed by the American Bible Society during the war among the forces engaged in it. The most amazing event of the four years was the earth- quake in Japan on the first of September, 1923. Few if any can realize what this meant to the American Bible Society. At the Fukuin Printing Plant, in Yokohama, the Society had plates of all its versions used in Japan, some of those used in China, many of those used in Siam and all of those used in the ten languages and dialects in the Philippines. In a mo- ment, in the complete demolishing of this building and the furnace of fire which followed, these plates were melted with the ashes of the building into a molten mass. The work of years, the labor of many earnest people, Japanese and mission- aries, was utterly destroyed. The Society was staggered by the out-reach of its loss. Today, after more than a year has passed by, there are no Bibles and only one New Testament available for the missionary work of the Philippine Islands. New plates have had to be made. New revisions were requisite in many instances before new plates could be made and new editions had to be manufactured. Half a million copies of Japanese Gospels were reproduced by photography and sent to Tokyo. All the Japanese Scriptures that could be spared from the Society’s Agencies on the Pacific coast, in the Philippines, Siam and China were also forwarded and little by little the needs of the people were met for they needed the consolations of the Scriptures as never before. Two new Agencies have been established, the Upper Andes, covering parts of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia; and the Arabic-Levant Agency covering the Arabic-speaking por- tions of the Levant, with headquarters in Cairo. WILLIAM I. HAVEN. THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA The current year has witnessed one of the most significant events in the history of the Young Men’s Christian Association in America. After fifty-eight years of continuous service with the State and Local Young Men’s Christian Associations, as well as in Foreign fields, the International Committee will transfer its responsibilities to the new National Council at the first session of the Council held in Buffalo, N. Y., December 3-6. The new National Council is elected directly by the Associations and is so organized as to be quickly responsive to their will and needs. It is a genuinely modern and efficient legislative body. In addition to coordinating our varied ac- tivities, the reorganization will, no doubt, result in greater efficiency and economy both in operation and administration. This is the consummation of the process outlined in our former statement to the annual meeting of the Executive Committee. After the new Constitution had been finally adopted by the referendum vote of the Associations, the Committee at once began to give thought and time to such preliminary adjust- ments as would best facilitate the transfer of responsibility with the least possible loss in service to the Brotherhood. With this readjustment and coordination of its forces the en- tire Brotherhood is pervaded with a new sense of unity and faces with confidence the growing demands of the new day. Relationship to the Churches: The historic relationship of the Young Men’s Christian As- sociation to the Evangelical Churches has been re-stated and re-examined in recent years. One of the results of this process has been an official action by the International Convention authorizing “an approach to those Evangelical Churches with which we have important relations” requesting the appointment of a Standing Committee on the Young Men’s Christian Asso- ciation in each of these Communions, to be available for con- ference on any problems which may develop in our relationship, and to further enlarge the areas of understanding and co- operative effort. These Communions were also requested through their judica- tory bodies to appoint one representative on a General Coun- selling Commission of the Churches, to confer with us on the National policies of the Association as they relate to the Churches. 215 216 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST The first meeting of the General Counselling Commission was held in New York in October in an all day session. Eleven official representatives of the Communions met mem- bers of the Executive Committee of the International Com- mittee and a group of Secretaries. Advisory action was taken on several important questions germane to mutual understand- ing and cooperative work with men and boys. This marks a notable advanced step in the recognition of our responsibility to serve and increasingly work through the Churches. With- out question the work of the Commission will not only enlarge the areas of National cooperation with the Churches, but also greatly reinforce such enterprises in local fields. In addition to these important developments, there has been a steady outreach in Association activities both at home and abroad, of which only briefest mention may be made. Home Division: Continued attention has been given to the Religious Work Emphasis throughout the Brotherhood. The two years’ pro- gram of intervisitation not only developed better methods of building and promoting a religious work program but also led the Association to face the issues involved in a more prophetic and statesmanlike way. As a result of this study and analysis practical principles and methods have been outlined and em- bodied in a hand book entitled “Christian Character Building with Boys and Young Men,” which is in wide use among the Associations and will have value wherever the problem of re- ligion among men and boys is faced. In many communities the Young Men’s Christian Associa- tion, through its physical Department, is co-operating actively with the churches in the following very definite ways: organ- izing and promoting church athletic leagues for basket ball, baseball, track and field athletics, volley ball, etc.; furnishing the use of the gymnasium and swimming pool, athletic fields and bowling alleys for church teams; conducting training classes for adult leaders of church physical and recreational activities; furnishing experienced leaders and equipment for church picnics and social gatherings. There is a growing inter- est in all of these phases of work and much more can be done to the mutual advantage of the churches and the Association. The Educational Department serves over 100,000 young men and boys in their cultural and vocational preparation. It is evolving a system of Christian education adapted to the needs of employed boys and young men, and so supplies a need which can only be partially met by the colleges. The City Department has further extended the Community YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS 217 type of work. It has given special attention to the smaller cities. The Conference of Secretaries of Small Cities held at Blue Ridge, May 31 to June 2, set a new milestone in the work of the Young Men’s Christian Association in cities between 5,000 and 25,000. This conference was planned to give the fullest opportunity to the 158 delegates to think together on the prob- lem facing the small cities. One entire session was given over to the topic—“The Asso- ciation’s Relation to the Church.” It was very apparent in the conference that if the needs of the boys and young men of these small cities are to be adequately met, the Young Men’s Christian Association and the Church would need to work in the very closest relationship. The Student Department’s five year program of advance, gives the fullest possible opportunity for student initiative and control. It has branches or affliated organizations in about 700 schools of Normal, College and University grade, includ- ing Theological Seminaries. The Student Department reports that the Student Associations have never been more loyal to the person of Christ and the Church of Christ. A unique and promising development in the Town and Country Department is the increasing interest taken by City Associations in the adjacent towns and country districts. In some of the larger cities, notably Columbus and Cincinnati, Ohio, the metropolitan boards are taking the work over as a branch of their regular activities with the County Secretary a member of the metropolitan staff, and the County Committee composed largely of representatives from nearby towns, but with a few of its members residing in the city. It is estimated that not less than 300 counties can be advantageously served in this way. The Colored Men’s Department has grown in influence and effectiveness. In addition to its other activities, it is making a marked contribution to the problem of Race relationships. The service of the Army and Navy Departments is welcomed by the Government and the enlisted men. Its policy of co- operation with the Chaplains unites the Churches and the Young Men’s Christian Association in this service. The Industrial and the Transportation Departments have enlarged their Christian ministry in the realm of human rela- tionship and serve a larger body of industrial men than ever before. Indicative of the material growth of the Movement the Building Bureau has in hand some seventy-five building pro- jects representing a possible expenditure of not less than 218 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST $22,000,000. The successful completion of the campaign for $3,000,000 in St. Louis, where a new central and branch build- ings will be erected, was an outstanding achievement of the year. The energetic co-operation of all the Protestant forces of the City made this great achievement possible. Other notable gains were made in other cities. Foreign Division: Foreign secretaries of the International Committee, serving in eighteen countries, have not only planted a movement but have so developed a national and local leadership as to make the Y. M. C. A. indigenous in most of these countries. Au- tonomous National Committees have been formed in Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, India and Ceylon, Portugal, Mexico, Brazil and for all South America. The foreign secre- tary places his knowledge of Association principles and his experience at the service of the national movement. In some communities he is the General Secretary; in others a Depart- mental Secretary ; always he is a counsellor and friend to lay leaders, to his native colleagues and to all members of the Association. He suggests new plans and aids in their execu- tion. He brings his experience to bear on strange and baffling situations. He is a stabilizer in emergencies. He represents the best features of American and Canadian life to people who do not understand them. He helps travelers from other coun- tries understand the people and the life of his adopted land. He leads men and boys into the Christian way of life. The foreign movements are self-propagating, self-support- ing, inter-denominational movements which aim to serve the Church. They are under the leadership and control of the people in the community served. At the present time there are 118 city and 266 student Associations having a total member- ship of 125,000 men and boys. The activities of these Asso- ciations are presided over by 583 National and 173 American and Canadian Secretaries. Davip G. LaTsHAW. THE NATIONAL BOARD OF THE YOUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS The year 1924 has been one of the most important ones in the history of the National Board of the Young Women’s Christian Associations, because for the first time the World’s Committee of the Young Women’s Christian Association, which unites in a common purpose the women of forty coun- tries, held its biennial meeting in the United States, in Wash- ington, in May. Not only was the meeting itself significant, but the time of the meeting was also significant. It was so planned that it followed the Eighth National Convention of the Young Women’s Christian Associations of America, held in New York, and therefore made possible in this earlier meeting the presence of women of twenty-one nationalities. In the national convention, the keynote of which was world fellow- ship, delegates from five hundred and thirty Associations gathered to review the work of the Association for the pre- ceding two years, to take account of world conditions and to plan how a woman’s movement that calls itself Christian can make its special contribution to the solution of the problems that are confronting the women of today. In the convention of two years ago the Association through resolutions expressed its belief in the outlawry of war, and endorsed a resolution of the World’s Committee that “encour- aged the development of a right public conscience such as should strengthen those forces that are working for world peace and understanding between classes, nations and races.” These resolutions have been kept constantly before the Asso- ciations during the last biennium, and the following actions in the convention of 1924 show the progress that has been made: League of Nations Whereas: We are convinced that the League of Nations should be considered as a non-partisan issue; and Whereas: The United States is increasingly cooperating with the League of Nations in humanitarian activities such as representation on the following commissions: Health, Opium, Traffic in Women and Children, Industrial Hygiene; and Whereas: The League of Nations is a flexible instrument capable of change to meet new conditions; and Whereas: The Young Women’s Christian Associations in forty coun- tries are united in a world Young Women’s Christian Association, and all but five of these countries (the United States, Russia, Ger- many, Turkey and Mexico) are now members of the League of Nations: 219 220 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Be It Resolved: That, on the basis of the actions of former conven- tions expressing our conviction that war should be outlawed, and our feeling of responsibility for the promotion of peace and better understanding between nations; and in view of the action of the National Board endorsing the entrance of the United States into the Permanent Court of International Justice and with the conviction that the League of Nations offers itself as a further means toward developing stable and equitable relationships among nations; we, the Young Women’s Christian Associations of the United States of America, pledge ourselves to use our efforts to secure the entrance of the United States into the League of Nations. The Committee on the National Board’s report also recom- mended that to the present program in citizenship and legis- lation, which program focuses the attention of our members to legislation affecting women and children, the following items be added: Citizenship and Legislation I. Federal Legislation. Entrance of the United States into the League of Nations. II. Recommended Study of National Issues. 1. Immigration Legislation. a, Government measures for securing protection of mi- grating girls and women. b. Our national immigration policies as they increase or decrease the unhappy social consequences resulting from enforced separation of families. c, Our national immigration policies as they promote or hinder goodwill among peoples of all the nations in- volved in migration. 2. International Relations. a. Making and administering the foreign policy of the United States. b. The United States and world economic adjustments. III. Recommended State Emphasis. 1. State ratification of Children’s Amendment (after passage by Congress). 2. Specific legislation to remedy legal discriminations against women. . Follow-up of measures enacted. . Law observance and law enforcement. . Study of marriage and divorce laws. IV. Increased Emphasis on Education for Citizenship. 1. Through summer conferences and group gatherings. 2. In local associations programs. 3. Through cooperation with other organizations. Of special interest to the churches should be the recom- mendation of the Commission to Study the Basis for Member- ship in Associations other than Student. These recommenda- tions received the necessary vote to make it possible to present them to the next convention for final action. Cn tf SG YOUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS 221 Alternate Membership Basis ArtTIcLeE II, Section 2. Any Young Women’s Christian Association other than student may be a member of the national organization upon application to the National Board and upon filing with it a copy of its constitution, showing a. That its voting and office holding membership is limited to women who are members of Protestant evangelical churches, or, b. That its constitution embodies the following: I. Preamble The Young Women’s Christian Association of............. BS ates SAP IS , affirming the Christian faith in God, the Father; and in Jesus Christ, His Only Son, our Lord and Savior; and in the Holy Spirit, the Revealer of truth and Source of power for life and service; according to the teaching of Holy Scripture and the witness of the Church, declares its purpose to be: II. Purpose 1. To associate young women in personal loyalty to Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord; 2. To lead them into membership and service in the Christian Church. 3. To promote growth in Christian character and service through physical, social, mental and spiritual training; 4. To become a social force for the extension of the King- dom of God. Ill. Qualifications 1. For Electors. Any woman or girl of the community, over eighteen years of age, may become an elector in the Asso- ciation provided she makes the following declaration: “I desire to enter the Christian fellowship of the Association. I will loyally endeavor to uphold the purpose in my own life and through my membership in the Association.” 2. For Board Members. Members of the board shall be chosen from the electors of the Association. Three- fourths of the members of the board, including three- fourths of the officers of the Association, shall be mem- bers of churches eligible to membership in the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. 3. For Delegates. Three-fourths of the voting members of each local delegation at the National Convention must be members of churches eligible to membership in the Fed- eral Council of the Churches of Christ in America. c. Administration of a Personal Basis. That a committee be ap- pointed to devise a plan for administering a personal basis; that this committee be ready to report to the 1926 Convention should the proposed basis again pass by the necessary two-thirds vote. The resolutions quoted are only a few of those passed at the convention that help to outline the program of the Association for the next two years, but they have been chosen for this report because they represent our common cause and interest. Maser Cratty, General Secretary. COMMITTEE ON COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA The wisdom of organizing the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America has never been more apparent than at present. With the storm and stress of economic disturbances and the rising of nationalism in all parts of the world, America is better able than ever to be of help to the world. Excluded from the council table of the nations a few years ago, Latin America has recently taken a prominent place there as well as in the economic world. An important question now is whether Latin America will cast her lot with Europe or whether all America shall work unitedly with other nations for the peace of the world. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- ica is interested not only in enlarging and uniting the activities of the missionary societies in this field, but also in helping America, North and South, to a unity with all the rest of humanity. As far as world service can be secured by closer cooperation with the republics of the American Continent the Christian forces will work toward that end. Anglo-Saxon and Latin American have largely lived apart in the past, mis- understanding one another and unable to unite in a service of which the rest of the world is so greatly in need. There are, however, encouraging signs of promise on the horizon in spite of a century of misunderstanding between the Americas. The United States troops have been withdrawn from Santo Domingo, there are thousands of students from Latin American countries in the United States, and five hun- dred teachers from the North last year attended summer school in Mexico City. Fast steamers now ply between New York and Buenos Aires on the east coast and New York through the Panama Canal to Valparaiso on the west—these and many other things are promises of closer friendship. On the other hand the Latin American periodicals are filled with sentiments like the one recently expressed by the Chilean poet- ess, Gabriela Mistral, who says that two things unite the Southern Americans, the beautiful Spanish language and the hurt caused by the United States. Through the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America the missionary enterprise has secured a new place in the building of international friendship. This Committee has always eschewed purely political questions. It has been forced into working, however, for Inter-American friendship, 222 COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA 223 always keeping in mind that if justice and mutual understand- ing can beget international friendship on the American Con- tinent, the whole world will be blest. During the last few years, activities of the Committee on Cooperation the following outstanding developments may be cited. First, an enlarged emphasis on evangelical missionary work in Latin America; every one of the twenty-eight boards, members of this Committee has greatly enlarged its work dur- ing this period, causing an enlarged interest in the churches at home. Second, there has been an enlarged conception of the meaning and opportunity of mission work in these Southern countries. Many new hospitals, nursing agencies, social cen- ters, extension of educational work, etc., have enlarged the sphere of influence of the missionary enterprise. Third, closer cooperation among the missionary forces; an understanding as to the responsibility for the occupation of territory has been reached in practically every one of the twenty Latin American countries. While some societies, not members of this Com- mittee, do not observe these rules of comity, all the twenty- eight boards that are not only recognize this delimitation of territory but report a great gain in efficiency because of it. Many union schools and union presses have been developed as well as other institutions on a federated or united plan. Probably the greatest gain has been in the spirit of unity which so widely pervades the mission boards at home and the work- ers on the field, not simply one of “live and let live,” but one of real working together with willingness to sacrifice smaller things for the great work of the Kingdom of God. Some of the most notable chapters in the development of missionary work have been written during the last few years in this co- operative work in Latin America. Fourth, a new emphasis on literature; before the Committee’s organization, while the need of Christian literature was greatly felt, there was no way of systematically developing it. This Committee has furnished the organization, through which the missions have been able to work for the development of this most needed arm for the propagation of the Gospel. Fifth, the publication of an organ that represents Christian opinion before the Spanish-speaking world. The publishing of La Nurva DEMocracIA is in some ways the greatest single achievement of the Committee. It has long been recognized that such an organ was necessary for reaching the educated classes of Latin America. No single society could command the finances, or sufficient representa- tion of all the forces, to publish such an organ. The Evan- gelical work has been dignified throughout Latin America because of this review. 224 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST The Committee has endeavored to serve in the United States the summer student and missionary conferences, the series of united missionary rallies held in various cities by the foreign boards and the Federal Council conferences at Chau- tauqua. On the field the following were especially important: The South American Convention of Christian Endeavor, held in Brazil; Conference of the Evangelical Church to celebrate Brazilian independence, in Rio de Janeiro; national summer conferences of Christian Workers, in Chile; national summer conferences of Christian Workers, in Cuba; national conven- tion of Sunday School and Young People’s Work, in Mexico; national Sunday School Convention, in Argentina. The Edu- cational Secretary has held conferences with the Regional Committees of Cooperation in almost all of the South Amer- ican countries. The Educational Secretary of the Committee on Coopera- tion in Latin America has headquarters in South America and visits the whole continent. Huis reports show that he has had a remarkable reception and opportunity in all these countries. In Rio de Janeiro he preached in the American Union Church before the Secretary of State Hughes and the American colony during the Brazilian Centennial. He also attended the con- ference of the Evangelical Church of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro and represented the United Society of Christian Endeavor and his own Committee at the South American Convention of Christian Endeavor. He has assisted in the completion and reorganization of the Methodist Girls’ School in Uruguay, probably the finest girls’ boarding school on the Continent. In Chile he met with the Committee on Cooperation and visited a large number of the mission stations, holding union meetings and conferences with the workers. He lectured in the University of Chile and a large government school in Valparaiso and was entertained by some of the leading citizens of the country who were desirous of discussing spiritual ques- tions. In Bolivia he reorganized the Committee on Coopera- tion and addressed important gatherings of educators. In Peru, Colombia and Venezuela he has made important contacts with educators and missionaries. , Each year the work of Literature becomes a larger and more important element in the general program of the Committee. Each year the missionary world leans more heavily upon the power of the printing press, realizing that the Christian mis- sionary tradition of the spoken message represents only the use of the best means at hand, and does not imply that the Church must in this day depend entirely upon the spoken word. The main objective of the Literature department of the Com- COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA 225 mittee is the provision of more and better Spanish and Portu- guese literature for the Christian constituency in Latin America. Its distinct lines of activity are: (1) Making, sub- sidizing and supervising translations; (2) securing their publication; (3) Enlisting the interest of qualified indigenous writers in the production of original works; (4) Subsidizing the publication of books badly needed but ‘not commercially profitable; (5) Publishing of La Nueva Democractra; (6) Insuring the general circulation of good literature through the Book Department of La Nueva Democracta; (7) Publishing books such as the Spanish Commentary on the International Sunday School Lessons; (8) Preparing material for regular religious and secular press service in Latin Amer- ica; (9) Preparing a monthly “Sermon Material Service” for local pastors in Latin America; (10) General supervision of the activities of cooperative bookstores in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba, Santo Domingo and Chile. This program requires the services of a staff aided by Dr. Juan Orts-Gonzales, as Editor of Spanish Publication, to which much of the Executive Secretary’s time and attention is given. Principally occupied as Editor of La Nuerva DeEmocraciA, he also corrects and revises the material for the sermon outlines and the monthly religious and secular press services. Dr. Orts is writing in Spanish a series of papers covering the field of modern Christian apologetics, designed to appeal particularly to the Latin mind. La Nueva Democract4, the Spanish magazine which tries to place before the educated classes of Latin America the ethical and social aims of world Christianity, continues to grow in cir- culation and in influence. , 00 CoCr ok. cca hd eibaae Rev. J. L. Updegraph DISC ISR MO NUT Ist sc eke wee ee Le OR ete eee a eke Rev. A. E. Cory FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 245 Evangelical! Chureiinis. cos ol oy ley sida ela el ahe Bishop S. C. Breyfogel MEVaTiseliCale Sy VUOU TCs tec tac | oe neice yeics vans Rev. A. H. Becker BIEN US WEE oie as eka FAIR Aa ee cee Dr. Walter C. Woodward Methodist) Episcopal ilk Gr sree OF Bishop Wilbur P. Thirkield Methodist Episcopal, South............... Bishop John M. Moore AATICA MUS. ilOneeetnae tei oe aes Dlatale bees cites 2 Rev. H. J. Callis Colored Methodist Episcopal................ Bishop C. H. Phillips Methodist rr rotestanteaiise. «cue Gb wlaaaela. wee Rev. T. H. Lewis DAOF AVIA. conse csak seein Right Reverend Edward Rondthaler Presbyterian in the Uo So Awe tias nde atene Rev. W. H. Black Presbyterian "ih. tiGatiai ce ak. olbie vile etioine Rev. George Summey Protestant EspisCopal sce verseaes Right Reverend Ethelbert Talbot Reformed Moiscopad las «clus a srgire daisies stones Bishop R. L. Rudolph Reformed Church in America. ..0 00... s ssmwvonns Rev. A. T. Broek ReLOLINED CA NUECIlat ERG Gr ee Wk. oseeihe’s Rev. G. W. Richards SOVERCU MU IAVEt MO CScrt ae ce stn cs ut. ¥ oik eletciate President B. C. Davis Linited oreriren mn Gnrists, cs .b comes. baa Bishop W. M. Bell UnitedsPresby tern ert Seas Pee Rev. D.. F. McGill Membére-at2aree coed 0. URE RW. Mrs. John Ferguson Mrs. H. R. Steele Mrs. George W. Coleman VOTED: That the act of incorporation as granted by the Legislature of the State of New York be approved, adopted and ratified. The matter of organization under the new incorporation of the Council was taken up, and a preliminary statement was made by Mr. Alfred R. Kimball, after a report presented by Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony, Chairman of a Committee on By-Laws. VOTED: That the Constitution which was approved by the Constituent Bodies and formally adopted by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 2-8, 1908, be hereby adopted. VOTED: That the following By-Laws, which include amendments presented from the floor be adopted: BY-LAWS ARTICLE I. ENROLLMENT The Recording Secretary and the Secretary, or Secretaries for administrative service, or a Committee, to whom this duty may be assigned by the Executive Committee, shall make up the roll of the members in the Council from the certificates of the proper officers of the bodies composing the Council, and no one not thus certified shall be enrolled. The Council shall determine any ques- tion arising as to the validity of the certificates. ArtTIcLteE II. Quorum A quorum consists of two or more delegates from each of a majority of the bodies entitled to representation. 246 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST ArTICLE III. Ourtcers Section 1. The officers of the Council are a President, one Vice-President representing each of the bodies represented in the Council, a Recording Secretary, a Treasurer and Secretaries for administrative service, and such associates and assistants as the Executive or Administrative Committee may appoint. Section 2. The President, the Vice-Presidents, the Recording Secretary and the Treasurer shall be elected at each regular meet- ing. The Secretaries for administrative service shall be elected by the Executive Committee, or the Administrative Committee, subject to approval of the Executive Committee. Vacancies may be filled by the Administrative Committee until the next mecting of the Executive Committee. Section 3. Presidents and Vice-Presidents are not eligible for immediate re-election. Section 4. (a) The President shall preside at meetings of the Council. In case of his absence, or disability, one of the Vice- Presidents, to be designated by the Council, shall serve. (b) The President shall appoint the members of committees and of commissions, unless it is otherwise ordered, after consultation with denominational authorities. Section 5. The Treasurer, the Secretaries and such officers as the Executive Committee may appoint shall be subject to the direction of the Executive Committee. Section 6. The Treasurer shall give such security for the faith- ful performance of his duties as the Executive Committee may direct. The Executive Committee, either directly or through the Ad- ministrative Committee, shall have power to appoint such other fiscal officers as it may deem advisable and to designate their respective relations and duties and the bond which they shall give. Section 7. Each officer holds office from the time of his elec- tion until the next regular meeting, and until his successor is elected, except that the Treasurer holds office until the close of the fiscal year. Section 8. Officers elected by the Council are during their term of office ex-officio members of the Council. ARTICLE 1V. ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE Section 1. An Administrative Committee shall be constituted by the Council through the Executive Committee as follows: (a) Of one delegate of each of the bodies composing the Coun- , cil, nominated by the proper authorities of the bodies represented. (b) Of one representative of each agency of organized Chris- tianity which by action of the Executive Committee may become enrolled as in affiliation, cooperation, or consultative relations with the Council. (c) Of the Chairmen of Commissions. (d) Of members at large, not more than fifteen in number, who are themselves members of the bodies composing the Council. Section 2. The functions and powers of the Administrative Committee are: FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 247 (a) To carry out the policies of the Council and of the Executive Committee. (b) To maintain close relations between the Council and the bodies which comprise it and the other interdenominational agen- cies representing the Churches and their Boards. (c) To represent the Council between its meetings both by utterance and by action in harmony with the purposes of the Council and of its cooperating organizations. (d) To supervise and direct the activities of Secretaries, Com- mittees, Commissions and other agencies of the Council. (e) To represent, in harmony with the policies of the Council, the common mind of the Churches comprising the Council in friendly relations with the Churches of other lands. (f) To report in writing its doings to the meetings of the Coun- cil and of the Executive Committee for review, with recommenda- tions relating to further procedure and policy. Section 3. The Administrative Committee shall meet on the sec- ond Friday of each month, unless otherwise voted, with provision for special meetings. ARTICLE V. COMMITTEES The Council may appoint Committees on Enrollment, on Law, on Business, on Nominations, on Resolutions, and on such other matters as it may from time to time determine. ArTICLE VI. CoMMISSIONS Section 1. The Council, or the Executive Committee, may establish Commissions and Standing Committees to further the general purposes of the Council within specified fields of activity. Section 2. The Commissions and Standing Committees shall be subject to the Administrative Committee and shall report to it and through it to the Executive Committee and to the Council. ArTICLE VII. MEETINGS Section 1. Regular meetings of the Council shall be held quad- rennially on the first Wednesday in December, unless otherwise voted by the Council, Executive Committee or Administrative Committee, at such place and hour as may be determined by the Administrative Committee. Section 2. Special meetings may be called by the Administrative Committee to consider only such matters as may be specified in the notice of the meetings. Section 3. A postpaid notice mailed to a delegate and addressed to his last known place of residence shall constitute a notice of the meeting. ArTIcLE VIII. AMENDMENTS These By-Laws may be amended at a regular meeting of the Council by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting, provided (1) notice of the proposed amendment shall have been given at a preceding meeting of the Council, or (2) such amend- ment shall have been recommended by the Executive Committee or by the Administrative Committee. Dean W. F. Tillett was called upon to lead in prayer. VOTED: That the following be appointed a Nominating Committee: Rev. Frank Mason North, Rev. John A. Marquis, 248 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Rev. C. E. Burton, Rev. Charles L. White, Rev. Finis S. Idleman. Dr. Anthony reported the action taken by the unincorporated body at its meeting on December 3, 1924, as follows: “WHEREAS, The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, projected in 1905, organized in 1908 under a constitu- tion and by-laws and a plan of federation which has been ap- proved by the Christian bodies composing it, has secured an Act of Incorporation by the Senate and Assembly of the State of New York, known as Chapter 131 of the Laws of 1924, approved April 12, 1924; : “AND WHEREAS, This Act of Incorporation confirms powers previously enjoyed, permits the holding of meetings in any place in the United States, and confers ‘powers conferred on corpora- tions by the General Corporation Law and the Membership Cor- poration Law’ of the State of New York; “NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, That the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America hereby authorizes and directs its officers of every name and capacity to transfer and deliver to the officers of like name and capacity of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, incorporated under the laws of New York, all the books, accounts, and other assets of every sort and description, and hereby transfers its powers, functions and activities to the said corporation.” VOTED: To accept and record the above, and that the officers of every name and capacity be and hereby are author- ized and directed to accept the administration of all the books, accounts and other assets of every sort and description which may be turned over to them, care for and administer them in harmony with the principles, acts and intentions hith- erto in operation, as the continuing Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. The report of the General Secretaries was presented by Dr. Macfarland. Bishop McDowell reported for the Washington Committee. VOTED: That these two reports be referred to the Busi- ness Committee. Rev. Frank Mason North was called to the Chair and intro- duced Dr. Robert E. Speer, the retiring President of the Council, who gave a review of the cooperation of the churches during the past quadrennium. Rev. Frank Mason North, the Chairman of the Nominating Committee, presented a report as follows: For Recording Secretary...... Rev. Rivincton D. Lorp of Brooklyn Dr. Lord was unanimously elected. Bor TPeasurer. ied se seis CeO Mr. Frank H. Mann of New York Mr. Mann was unanimously elected. For Fressent. -. san vente Rev. S. Parkes CapMAN, Pastor of the Central Congregational Church of Brooklyn Dr. Cadman was unanimously elected. FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 249 Dr. Speer, as president pro tem, appointed Bishop Talbot and Dr. North to escort Dr. Cadman to the platform. Upon his arrival President Speer welcomed Dr. Cadman as Presi- dent on behalf of the Council and presented him with the gavel which had been presented to the Council yesterday. VOTED: That the Federal Council extend a rising vote of thanks to Dr. Speer for his splendid services as President during the past quadrennium. VOTED: That the Federal Council extend a rising vote of thanks to Mr. Alfred R. Kimball for his efficient services as Treasurer from the beginning of the Council. VOTED: That the sessions of the Council be at 9:30 A.M. on the following days: Friday, December 5; Saturday, De- cember 6; Monday, December 8, and Tuesday, December 9; at 2:30 P.M. on Thursday, Friday and Monday; at 8 P.M. on Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Monday; at 3:30 P.M. on Sunday. The hymn, “In the Cross of Christ I Glory,’ was sung, after which an address on “Faith in God” was delivered by Bishop Edwin D. Mouzon of Nashville, Tennessee. VOTED: To adjourn. Thursday Afternoon, December 4 The meeting was called to order at 2:30 o’clock by the President of the Council, Rev. S. Parkes Cadman. The hymn, “The Church’s One Foundation,” was sung, after which Rev. Charles L. Goodell offered prayer. President Cadman appointed the following Committees : Commitice on Message: Rev. CHARLES E. Burton, Chatrman; Rev. J. Ross StEvENSON BisHor W. J. WALLS, Mrs. LuKE JOHNSON, Rev. Howarp B. Grosz BrsHop W. M. BELL. Committee on Closing Resolutions: Rev. A. J. C. Bonn, Chairman; Rev. J. F. Burnett, BisHop R. A. CARTER, BrisHop R. L. Ruporpu, W. H. Start. Committee on Credentials: Hon. Cart E. Mitxixen, Chairman; Rev. W. R. Funx Rev. C. P. Core. 250 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Committee on Necrology: Rev. A. G. Lawson, Chairman; Rev. W. W. STALEY, Ro.re Cos.EicH, D. B, CoLTRANE. President Cadman introduced Bishop Warren A. Candler of Atlanta, who spoke on “Great Revivals of Religion That Have Helped to Make the United States.” Rey. J. Ross Stevenson, Chairman of the Commission on Evangelism and Life Service, was introduced and presented the report (as found on pages 105 to 110 of this volume). He presented Rev. Charles L. Goodell, the Secretary of the Com- mission, who spoke of the work that has been accomplished and has been projected. Rey. Charles E. Burton opened the discussion on “How Can the Federal Council Contribute Most to the Churches’ Evan- gelistic Work?” He was followed by Rev. Arthur H. Armstrong of St. Louis, Rev. C. H. Winders of Indianapolis, Rev. Plato Durham of Atlanta, Mr. M. L. Thrower of Atlanta and Rev. Frank P. Parkin of Philadelphia. VOTED: To refer this report to the Business Committee. In the absence of Rev. F. Ernest Johnson, secretary of the Department of Research and Education, Rev. Samuel McCrea Cavert presented the report of the Department (as found on pages 163 to 169 of this volume) which was referred to the Business Committee. The President introduced Professor William Adams Brown, who spoke on “How Can the Federal Council Best Serve the Churches in Research and Educational Work?’ The discus- sion was continued by Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthony and Rev. George Irving of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A., New York. Rev. R. E. Magill presented a statement from the Interna- tional Council of Religious Education. Rev. Stonewall Ander- son presented a statement from the Council of Church Boards of Education. Rev. Frank P. Parkin presented a statement in behalf of the American Bible Society. VOTED: To refer these statements to the Business Com- mittee. The Recording Secretary, Dr. Lord, read the following telegram from the newly elected Treasurer, Mr. Frank H. Mann: “Deeply appreciate action of Federal Council in electing me Treas- urer. Happy to accept. FRANK H. Mann.” FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 2a He also read the following telegram from the National Kindergarten Association: “Accept from the National Kindergarten Association cordial greetings and best wishes for the success of your efforts for world peace. The Association thanks your members for their help in promoting training in love of God and man through the kinder- gartens they have maintained. Our country is now training but a small proportion of its children at the habit forming time of life. We bespeak your further help in extending the advantages of the kindergarten to the nation’s little ones.” “BraDLEY MARTIN, President.” VOTED: That the General Secretary make proper re- sponse to this communication. Bishop Talbot called the attention of the Council to the death of the wife of the Right Rev. F. Reese of Georgia. VOTED: To instruct the General Secretaries to send a suitable message of sympathy to Bishop Reese. VOTED: That messages of sympathy and fellowship be sent by the President of the Council to Bishop E. R. Hendrix, Rev. E. O. Watson and Rev. F. Ernest Johnson, who are kept away on account of illness. VOTED: To adjourn. The benediction was pronounced by Rev. R. H. Potter. Thursday Evening, December 4, at 8:00 The President presiding. Devotional exercises were conducted by Rev. John A. Marquis. A selection was given by the quartette of the West End Presbyterian Church. Address by Dr. Cadman. Address by Bishop Francis John McConnell on “The So- cial Task of the Church in America.” Anthem by the quartette. Address by Rev. Worth M. Tippy, on “A Seven- Day Pro- gram for the Local Church.” Friday Morning, December 5, at 9:30 The meeting was called to order at 9:30 o’clock by the President of the Council, Rev. S. Parkes Cadman. The congregation joined in singing “O, Worship the King.” The devotional service was led by Rev. Thomas H. Lewis of Washington. The Fisk Jubilee singers rendered three selections. A partial report of the Business Committee, presented by its Secretary, Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthony, was considered item by item: 252 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS The Committee on Business received matters referred to it and makes the following recommendations: 1. That the Constitution, so designated hitherto, be now termed, at least in print, the Plan of Federation, inasmuch as that is the correct designation adopted in 1908 and approved then and after- ward by the Constituent Bodies. 2. That a committee be appointed to consider the plan and struc- ture of the Council, to report to the next meeting of the Council, with amendments, if they are desirable, in phrasing or in method, either in the Plan of Federation or in the By-Laws. 3. That the reports of the Executive Committee and of the Ad- ministrative Committee and of the General Secretaries on the ser- vice of the Council during the past Quadrennium be approved. 4. That the report of the Washington Committee be approved and that we recognize that the constant strengthening and en- largement of the type of work conducted by the Washington office is most strategic in fulfilling a peculiar function of the Federal Council. 5. That the report of the Commission on Evangelism and Life Service be approved, and that the following statements be made the sentiments and convictions of the Council: (a) The Council is gratified by the report of the effective work of the Commission on Evangelism during the past Quad- rennium, and notes with satisfaction that the Evangelistic Spirit pervades all the departments of the Council’s work. (b) The Council approves of the plan of personal Evangelism conducted by local pastors who are assisted by capable men and women of the congregations, and furthermore the Council urges every member of the Church of Christ, according to his per- sonal gifts and opportunities, to share the responsibility and the privilege of bringing others unto Jesus. (c) The Ceuncil favors the continuance of interdenominational visitation by the Commission in cities throughout the country to assist the churches in presenting methods and in providing inspiration for united simultaneous efforts for bringing men to Christ. (d) The Council urges the Commission to continue Evangel- istic work in the colleges and universities of America, emphasiz- ing before the students also the call for life service in the Kingdom of God. (e).The Council is in full accord with the proposal that a comprehensive Conference on Evangelism be held, and refers the call, constitution and conduct of such a conference to the Commission. (f) While the Council gives its approval to a thorough organi- zation of the various agencies of the church for Evangelistic work, it recognizes, also, that the spirit of God works when and where and how He pleases and may accomplish the pur- poses of the Kingdom in ways exceeding our plans and organi- zations, and this Council rejoices in movements for winning men to Christ which are motived and directed by His Spirit. FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 253 6. That the set-up and conduct of the Department of Research and Education be approved, and that the Department be advised to place on its publications the words “For Information,” so that all who use the material may recognize it as a source of informa- tion upon which judgments may be based and not as pronounce- ments of the Council or of the Department. 7. That the statements of the International Council of Religious Education, the Council of Church Boards of Education and the American Bible Society be accepted with reciprocal and cordial goodwill and esteem. 8. That the resolution concerning the observance in 1925 of the four-hundredth anniversary of the first printing of the New Testament in English, by William Tyndale, be referred to the Administrative Committee with authority to arrange and pro- mote the most appropriate observance. VOTED: To adopt the report as presented. Rev. Warren H. Wilson, Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., addressed the Coun- cil on the subject: “The Challenge of the Rural Community to the Church.” Rev. Melville B. Gurley of Berry School, Rome, Georgia, was presented to the Council and spoke briefly concerning the work of that School. The report of the Commission on Councils of Churches was presented by its Executive Secretary, Rev. Roy B. Guild. Af- ter discussion by Rev. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit, Rev. Ar- thur H. Armstrong of St. Louis, Rev. Orlo J. Price of Rochester and Mr. M. M. Davies of Atlanta, the report was referred to the Business Committee. The Council directed the General Secretary to send a mes- sage of sympathy to Rev. Morton C. Pearson of Detroit who was to have addressed the Council, but was not able to be present on account of a serious accident to his wife. Professor C. B. Wilmer, University of the South, Sewan- nee, Tennessee, addressed the Council on the subject, ‘““The Spiritual Significance of Church Cooperation.” The Congregation sang “Blest Be the Tie That Binds,” and the Fisk singers favored the delegates with three selec- tions. Mr. David G. Latshaw made a statement on behalf of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. Mrs. Archibald Davis of Atlanta brought greetings from the National Board ofsthe pY.sW, C.:A. A telegram was received from Willis D. Mathias, contain- ing the greetings from 125 delegates representing twenty theo- logical seminaries in conference at Dayton, Ohio. 254 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST VOTED: That the General Secretary make a suitable re- ply. A telegram was received from Rev. E. O. Watson in reply to a message sent him earlier in the sessions. The congregation joined in singing, “Immortal Love Forever Full.” Bishop A. R. Clippinger of the Church of the United Brethren, Dayton, Ohio, addressed the Council on the sub- ject, ‘Loyalty to Christ.” VOTED: To adjourn. | The benediction was pronounced by Bishop Clippinger. Friday Afternoon, December 5, at 2:30 In the absence of the President, ex-President Robert E. Speer presided. The session was opened by singing “Majes- tic Sweetness Sits Enthroned,” and prayer was offered by Rev. W. Stuart Cramer. The report of the Commission on the Church and Social Service was presented. After discussion by Mrs. W. A. Newell of Winston-Salem, N. C., Rev. Hastings H. Hart of New York and Secretary Worth M. Tippy, the report was referred to the Business Committee. The report of the Commission on Temperance was pre- sented by Bishop James Cannon, Jr., and was referred to the Business Committee. Rev. C. E. Vermilya made a statement in behalf of the Home Missions Council. The Council of Women for Home Mis- sions was represented by Mrs. John Ferguson, the President, who brought the greetings of that organization. A telegram was read from the National Council of Young Men’s Christian Associations in session at Buffalo, in response to a telegram sent to that meeting earlier in the session. Rev. John A. Marquis presented a resolution calling for the appointment of a committee to consider, in conference with the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions, their closer cooperation with the Federal Council, or consolidation with it. This was referred to the Business Committee. The Fisk Jubilee singers favored the audience with two se- lections. Dean W. F. Tillett of Vanderbilt University paid a tribute to the Jubilee singers. The report of the Commission on the Church and Race Re- lations was presented by Dr. George E. Haynes, Executive Secretary. Discussion followed by Rev. Will W. Alexander, Right Rev. Frederick F. Reese, Bishop George C. Clement FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 255 and Bishop C. H. Phillips. The report was referred to the Business Committee. Resolutions concerning a “campaign of applied brotherhood in race relations” were presented by Professor Plato T. Dur- ham and were referred to the Business Committee. An interpretation of the proposed National Conference on the Christian Way of Life was given by Rev. John M. Moore of Brooklyn. Two documents presented by the Commission on Interna- tional Justice and Goodwill were referred to the Committee on Message. The Jubilee singers sang a closing selection. VOTED: To adjourn. Prayer was offered and benediction pronounced by Dr. Gowen. Friday Evening, December 5, at 8:00 Rev. Frank Mason North presided. Prayer was offered by Rev. W. W. Scudder. Selections were sung by the quartette of North Avenue Pres- byterian Church. A testimonial volume from Children of Japan, in recogni- tion of the assistance given by the American Churches to Japan at the time of the earthquake, was presented by Rev. K. Tsunashima of Tokyo. A statement concerning the Foreign Missions Conference was made by Mr. F. P. Turner. An address was given by Dr. A. K. Reischauer on “A Criti- cal Hour in the Christian Movement in Japan.” A letter from Hon. Cyrus H. Woods, recently Ambassador to Japan, urging the importance of securing a change in the Japanese exclusion act, was read by Dr. Speer (pages 47 to 50 of this volume). | An address was given by Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer of Cairo, Egypt, on “A United Front Over Against a New Moslem World.” The benediction was given by Rev. Frank Mason North. Saturday Morning, December 6, at 9:30 The session was called to order by President Cadman. The hymn, “O God Our Help in Ages Past,” was sung, after which Bishop Rondthaler of Winston-Salem, North Caro- lina, conducted the devotional services. President Cadman introduced Hon. Carl E. Milliken, Presi- 256 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST dent of the Northern Baptist Convention, who opened the symposium on “What Do the Churches Desire the Federal Council to Be and to Do During the Quadrennium.” | Others participating in the symposium were Rev. Thorn- ton Whaling, Moderator of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, Louisville, Kentucky; Mrs. John Ferguson, President of the Council of Women for Home Missions, New York; Bishop A. L. Gaines of the African Methodist Epis- copal Church, Baltimore; Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, Moderator of the National Council of Congregational Churches, Hartford, Connecticut. | | 7 The Committee on Policy presented its report through its Chairman, Dr. Robert E. Speer. Pending the motion to adopt the report, discussion was en- gaged in and amendments were offered by Mrs. John Fer- guson, to Article VIII and by Rev. George W. Richards to Article II. VOTED: That a rising vote be taken by the Council ap- proving the entire report as amended (See pages 59 to 70 of this volume). The vote was taken and the report was referred to the Business Committee to report any actions that may be neces- sary to make the recommendations effective. Mr. Niebuhr offered a resolution which was referred to the Business Committee, suggesting that at future meetings more time be allotted for discussion of concrete policies af- fecting the Council’s work. Rev. Frank Mason North offered the following resolution, as a supplement to the report of the Committee on Policy: “We recommend that an earnest effort be made by our Execu- tive Officers and our Committees to bring into practical sympa- thetic relations with the policy and procedure of the Council the several groups of Denominational delegates in the membership of the Council, urging each of these to effect a suitable organization within itself, and using each, so far as possible, as the unit of Denominational expression in statement and action where such are required in the coordination of the Denominations in the common utterances and activities of the Federal Council. VOTED: To adopt this resolution. Dr. C. C. Morrison presented the following resolution on army and navy chaplains, which was referred to the Business Committee: WHEREAS, the conviction is growing among followers of Christ of all the churches that war is the chief collective sin of human society, and WHEREAS, any involvement of organized religion in the sys- tem of making war and preparing for it contributes substantially FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 257 to the strengthening of the war system and therefore to the in- crease of the menace of war, and WHEREAS, such involvement of the churches with war is an inherent contradiction of the church’s essential genius and pur- pose, which is to abolish all war and strife among men and to create world wide brotherhood in the spirit of our Lord Jesus Christ, and WHEREAS, the institution of the chaplaincy implicates the church officially in the war system, and WHEREAS, the chaplaincy easily lends itself to the purpose of the military system as an agency for militarizing the mind of the church and of society in general, and WHEREAS, the laudable Christian purpose of the churches to provide spiritual guidance and gospel service to the soldiers of our army and the sailors of our navy can be better realized by ministers of Christ in their capacity as ministers of Christ, with- out military rank or other involvement in the military system, now therefore be it RESOLVED, that the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America instruct its Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains to discontinue its activity and responsibility in the appointment of chaplains in the Officers’ Reserve Corps, and be it further RESOLVED, that the Committee on Army and Navy Chap- lains, by conference with the proper government, military and naval authorities, be instructed to study the question otf taking such steps as may be necessary and effective to place the service of ministers of religion to the men of both army and navy upon a non-military basis, and be it further RESOLVED, that said committee report its findings and rec- ommendations to the next meeting of the Executive Committee at its annual meeting one year hence. Rev. J. Ross Stevenson presented the following resolution pertaining to the Business Men’s Evangelistic Clubs: RESOLVED, that the Federal Council commends in principle the Business Men’s Evangelistic Clubs of America and requests the Commission on Evangelism to formulate such plans as may seem wise, looking to. effective cooperation and good under- standing. VOTED: To refer the resolution to the Business Com- mittee. | The hymn, “Jesus, Lover of. My Soul,” was sung after which President Cadman introduced Rev. E. Y. Mullins, presi- dent of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, Kentucky, who spoke on “Spiritual Sovereignty Through Prayer.” VOTED: To adjourn. 258 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Sunday Afternoon, December 7, at 3:30 Public meeting. The President, Dr. Cadman, presided. An address on “Christ the One Hope of the World,” was given by Dr. Robert E. Speer. An organ recital and special musical program were offered under the direction of Charles A. Sheldon, Jr. The closing prayer was made by Rev. Rockwell H. Potter. Monday Morning, December 8, at 9:30 The session was called to order by President Cadman. The hymn, “Come Thou Almighty King,” was sung, after which a devotional service was led by President Boothe C. Davis of Alfred University, New York. The Business Committee continued its report as follows: 9. That, concerning the reports of the Executive Committee and the Administrative Committee, the following comments are ap- propriate: (a) The universal call to Evangelism is exalted throughout these reports. (b) It is evident that in these committees, as agencies of the Council, an effective and constantly available vehicle of coopera- tion has been furnished. (c) That these reports be approved. 10. That the proposition to make ex-presidents honorary presi- dents, or ex-officio members of the Executive Committee or the Administrative Committee, be referred to the Committee on Plan of Federation and By-Laws to report to the next meeting of the Council, and that in the meantime ex-presidents be invited to sit as consultative members of the Executive Committee and the Administrative Committee. 11. That the Council authorize its officers, committees and com- missions to cooperate in every possible way with the American Section of the Committee on Arrangements of the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work. 12. That the Council approve the consultative relationship of the United Lutheran Church in America with the Council as a temporary expedient and hope that this great Church may soon come into full membership. 13. That the Council would urge upon the proper officials of the United States Government, through its Washington office and other appropriate agencies, the obligation of cleansing the Canal Zone Mi far as possible of the agencies of vice and influences to evil. 14. That the Council approve the efforts to build in Balboa and Cristobal suitable Church edifices for these branches of the Amer- ican Protestant Church in the Canal Zone and urge the privilege and duty upon American Christians of speedily providing the $20,000 needed to complete the sum of $70,000 recently sought. FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 259 15. That the Council approve the action of the Executive Com- mittee in setting up a standing committee to be known as the Committee on Financial and Fiduciary Matters with functions as set forth in the minutes of the Executive Committee of December 12-14, 1923. 16. That the Council approve the friendly cooperation of Ameri- can and Chinese representatives in seeking the suppression of the opium traffic at the Geneva Conference and urge the Secretary of State to employ the influence of his great office in promoting major action in this matter of wide public concern. 17, That the Council approve the report of the Treasurer, Al- fred R. Kimball, with high appreciation of his long and faithful service. 18. That the Church constituencies be urged to furnish a much more generous response to the support of the Council in finances and cooperation, requesting larger contributions and full payment of all pledges. 19. That the Council approve the budget proposed by the Board of Finance for Operating the Central Office, the Commissions and the Committees during the coming Quadrennium. 20. That the Council approve the principle of making retirement grants to those who have given suitable terms of service to the Council and refer to the Board of Finance details of policy and plan. 21. That the Council earnestly request those who are responsible for the character of moving pictures to refuse the release or use of pictures that reflect on the cardinal virtues, cast innuendoes on morals or religion, or in any way weaken the approved restraints of conscience and personal character, and refer to the Commis- sion on the Church and Social Service, or such other agencies as the Administrative Committee may determine, measures for mak- ing this request effective. 22. That the Council approve the appointment of a Board of Finance as a standing committee of the Council, which shall re- port to the Executive and Administrative Committees. 23. That the Council approve the formation of the Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe and the development of Federated Movements in Europe, with hearty satisfaction at the growing cooperation among Protestants of Europe. It is particularly gratifying to note the erection of a building for the Federation of Churches in France, which has been completed by specified gifts of American Christians amount- ing to about $100,000. 24. That the Council express its gratification at the cordial co- operation of a large number of Huguenot societies with the Com- mission of the Council in the Tercentenary celebration of the coming of the Huguenot-Walloons to America. 25. That the Council authorize the creation of a Committee on Survey of Cooperation in the Fields of (a) Home Missions, (b) Foreign Missions, (c) Education, and (d) Charity, Philanthropy and Allied Activities. 26. That the Council receive and approve the report of the Com- mission on the Church and Social Service. 260 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST 27. That the Council receive and approve the report of the Commission on Race Relations, and the statement respecting the campaign of applied Brotherhood in Race Relations (See pages 82 to 83 of this volume). 28. That the Council appoint a Committee of Five to confer with similar Committees from the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions, if these Councils will join in appointing such Committees, to consider closer cooperation and possible consolidation of these Councils with the Federal Council. 29. That the Council commend in principle the Business Men’s Evangelistic Clubs of America and request the Commission on Evangelism and Life Service to formulate such plans as may secure effective cooperation and good understanding. 30. That the Administrative Committee be asked so to organize the annual and quadrennial meetings of the Council and of the Executive Committee that the problems and issues presented by the various Commissions and Committees may be adequately dis- cussed on the Council floor, and the Council hereby authorizes the appointment of the necessary Committees to make such a plan effective. 31. That the Administrative Committee be authorized to take steps for conference with the Churches of Canada as recommended by the Committee on Policy. 32. That the number and names of the Commissions of the Council as recommended by the Committee on Policy be approved and that the Executive Committee, or the Administrative Commit- tee, be authorized to make adjustments in terminology or functions as are suggested in that report. 33. That the Council approve the report of the Commission on Councils of Churches and recommend that this Commission in sub- sequent reports list with the Federations in States reported, those also in other States which bear the name of Councils or Home Mission Councils, or other similar designations, since these are all essentially State Federations. 34. That the report of the Commission on Temperance be re- ceived and approved. 35. That the statements of the International Committee of the Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America and the National Board of the Young Women’s Christian Associations be received with cordial good will and approval. 36. That the statements of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions be received with cordial goodwill and approval. 37. That the resolutions on Chaplains in the Army and Navy and all subjects related thereto be referred to a special committee of twelve to make investigation and report to the next meeting of the Executive Committee. President Cadman appointed the following: Bishop William F. McDowell Rev. Frederick Lynch Bishop William M. Bell Rev. W. H. P. Faunce Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent Rev. J. Ross Stevenson Bishop James Cannon, Jr. Rev. John A. Marquis Rev. W. S. Cramer Rev. Frederick H. Knubel Rev. C. E. Burton Rev. Peter Ainslie FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 261 The report was considered seriatim, and each item was adopted by the Council. Dr. Tippy presented a resolution on Near East Relief and also a proposed social creed, both of which were referred to the Business Committee. Rev. Rufus W. Miller presented a resolution on regional conferences which was referred to the Business Committee. Rev. Sidney L. Gulick reported for the Commission on In- ternational Justice and Goodwill. President Cadman introduced Hon. William Jennings Bryan, who spoke on “The Church and World Peace.” Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, in order to meet engagements in New York, asked to be excused from further attendance. A rising vote of appreciation was extended to President Cad- man for his services as presiding officer. Hon. Carl E. Milliken, one of the Vice-Presidents of the Council, was called to the Chair and presided over the further deliberations of the meeting. Professor James T. Shotwell of Columbia University spoke on “How to Outlaw War.” Rev. C. E. Burton, the Chairman of the Committee on Mes- sage, presented a partial report, dealing with the platform of the Council on international questions. After discussion this section of the report was adopted (see pages 76 to 81 of this volume). The presiding officer introduced Rabbi Marcusson, repre- senting the Central Conference of American Rabbis, who spoke briefly and brought the greetings of his body to the Council. Rev. Henry A. Atkinson gave an interpretation of the Uni- versal Christian Conference on Life and Work to be held in Stockholm, Sweden, during August, 1925. The presiding officer announced that owing to illness in his family President William A. Harper of Elon College, North Carolina, could not be present to deliver the address on “Per- sonal Religion and Public Righteousness.” VOTED: That a telegram of sympathy be sent to Presi- dent Harper. In his absence Rev. Carter Helm Jones of the Second Bap- tist Church of Atlanta offered the closing prayer and pro- nounced the benediction. Monday Afternoon, December 8, at 2:30 In the absence of the President of the Council Rev. George Summey of New Orleans, Vice-President from the Presby- terian Church in the U. S., called the meeting to order at 262 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST 2:30 o’clock and presided during the afternoon session. Fol- lowing the singing of the hymn, “He Leadeth Me,” Rev. J. Rauch. Stein Jed in prayer. The Business Committee presented a further report which was considered item by item. 38. That the Council refer the question of holding Regional Conferences for the purpose of informing and interesting the lay- men and women of our churches in the aims and work of the Council to the Administrative Committee with authority to ar- range such conferences if deemed advisable. 39. That the Council refer the question of religious services on board passenger ships to the Commission on Evangelism for action if deemed wise. 40. That the Council rejoices in the providence that enables America to do a worthy work of relief and reconstruction in the Bible lands. Saving and training the orphans for self-support, under the agency of Near East Relief, is a notable Christian service and it has also been instrumental in opening new mis- sionary opportunity, in developing new cooperation between Fast- ern and Western Christianity and in assisting interdenominational cooperation in this country. We are convinced that it will prob- ably be necessary for the work to proceed through the coming Quadrennium on approximately the plans of the Executive Com- mittee of Near Fast Relief, and we therefore approve continued support by the churches in its provisional plans. That the Council heartily endorse the idea of international Golden Rule Observance in behalf of Near East Relief, not only because of the beneficial results to Near East wards of America, but also because of its larger results in interpreting and developing international goodwill and world peace, and that it urge the AN ig to join in the international observance of the Golden ule. That the Council refer to the Committee on Mercy and Relief and to the Committee on Relations with the Eastern Churches the future relationships of Near East Relief with the Council. 41. That the proposed revision of “The Social Creed of the Churches” and the statement of “The Social Ideals for the Rural Church” be referred to the Commission on the Church and Social Service. 42. That the report of the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill be received and approved. 43. That the set-up and plans of the Committee on Goodwill between Jews and Christians, a sub-committee of the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill, be approved. VOTED: To adopt the report. The report of the Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe was presented by Bishop James Cannon, Jr. An address, “The Present Crisis in European Protestant- ism,” was delivered by Rev. Adolf Keller of Zurich, Secretary of the Central Bureau for the Relief of Evangelical Churches of Europe. The report was discussed by Rev. Charles E. FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 263 Schaeffer, Secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States, Philadelphia, and Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich, American representative of the Cen- tral Bureau of Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe. The report was referred to the Business Committee. The report of the Committee on Relations with the East- ern Churches was presented by Secretary Cavert and referred to the Business Committee. An address on the subject, “How Can Cooperation and Fel- lowship with the Eastern Churches Be Increased?’ was de- livered by Rev. James I. Vance, Nashville, Tennessee. His Grace Panteleimon, Archbishop of the Eastern Ortho- dox Church of Jerusalem, was presented to the Council and brought a message in French which was translated by Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich. Communications were presented to the Council by the Recording Secretary as follows: Methodist Students’ Conference, Kalamazoo, Michigan Dr. Stephen P. Duggan, of the Institute of International Edu- cation Hlon. George W. Wickersham, of New York Edward A. Filene, of Boston John H. Finley, of New York Mary E. Woolley, President of Mount Holyoke College Mrs. Helen B. Montgomery, of Rochester, N. Y. Baron de Cartier, Belgian Ambassador Hon. William Jennings Bryan made the closing prayer. VOTED: To adjourn. Monday Evening, December 8, at 8:00 Vice-President Carl E. Milliken presiding. Singing, “America.” Prayer was offered by Rev. W. W. Staley. An anthem was rendered by the choir of the First Presby- terian Church. An address was given by Governor William E. Sweet of Colorado on “Christianizing Our International Relations.” An anthem was rendered by the choir of the First Pres- byterian Church. An address was given by Justice Florence E. Allen, of the Supreme Court of Ohio. The hymn, “Blest Be the Tie That Binds,” was sung. The closing prayer was made by Rey. Albert G. Lawson. 264 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Tuesday Morning, December 9, at 9:30 Rev. George Summey, Vice-President, presiding. Rev. E. J. Sonne conducted the devotions. The audience joined in singing the hymn, “Ye Servants of God,” and Chap- lain John T. Axton led in prayer. In the absence of Bishop William F. McDowell, Secretary Charles S. Macfarland presented the report of the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains. The Chairman of the meeting presented to the Council, Chaplain John T. Axton of the Army and Chaplain Evan W. Scott of the Navy, who made brief remarks. The following Chaplains were then introduced to the Coun- cil: Henry N. Blanchard, 6th U. S. Cavalry, Fort Ogle- thorpe, Georgia; Frank B. Bonner, 5th Field Artillery, Fort Bragg, N. C.; Calvin B. Williams, Chaplain O. R. C., Atlanta, Ga}; LutheriD.."Miller,U)) SiArmy, Port ‘McPherson)"Ga_; John T. DeBardeleben, Post Chaplain, Fort Benning, Ga.; Orville E. Fisher, U. S. Army, Fort Moultrie, S. C. The following resolution was introduced and unanimously accepted by the Council: RESOLVED: That the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America herewith expresses its appreciation of the following declaration by President Coolidge in his Mes- sage to Congress of December 3, 1924, and its deep satisfac- tion at the enunciation of principles therein contained. “Our country has definitely relinquished the old standard of dealing with other countries by terror and force, and is definitely committed to the new standard of dealing with them through friendship and understanding. This new policy should be con- stantly kept in mind by the guiding forces of the army and navy, by the Congress and by the country at large. I believe it holds a promise of great benefit to humanity. I shall resist any attempt to resort to the old methods and the old standards. I am espe- cially solicitous that foreign nations should comprehend the can- dor and sincerity with which we have adopted this position. While we propose to maintain defensive and supplementary police forces by land and sea, and to train them through inspections and manoeuvers upon appropriate occasions in order to maintain their efficiency, I wish every other nation to understand that this does not express any unfriendliness or convey any hostile intent. I want the armed forces of America to be considered by all peoples not as enemies but as friends, as the contribution which is made by this country for the maintenance of the peace and security of the world.” RESOLVED: That the General Secretary be requested to convey this action to President Coolidge. The Business Committee made its final report as follows; FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 265 44. The efficient services of Rev. Adolf Keller of Zurich, Switzer- land, Secretary of the Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangel- ical Churches in Europe, cannot be too highly appreciated. Keen, intelligent, and an unfailing source of information, he holds a strategic position as a kind of clearing-house for rendering financial and other help to the very needy churches of Europe, and also as a central point of contact for the development of Christian fellowship, practical cooperation and spiritual unity among Protestants of Europe. 45. The Committee on Relations with Eastern Churches is hereby authorized as a Committee of the Council and its report is approved. 46. The following reports are hereby approved: of the Com- mittee on the War and the Religious Outlook, of the Commission on Christian Education, of the Editorial Council of the Religious Press. 47. The following statements are received with cordial goodwill and appreciation: from the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions of North America, the Committee on Coopera- tion in Latin America and the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. 48. That all matters in the report of the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains having to do with the larger phases of future policy be referred to the special Committee of Twelve -on Army and Navy Chaplains; and that in the meantime the present program of the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains be approved. 49. That the Council request the official representative of the several Constituent Churches of the Council to send at least 60 days in advance of the Quadrennial Meetings of the Council a certified list of accredited delegates, and further that each regu- larly appointed delegate be furnished with proper credentials to be presented at the time of registration. VOTED: To adopt the report as a whole. The report of the Credentials Committee was presented by Hon. Carl E. Milliken (see page 271 of this volume). This report was accepted, with the addition of Professor Richter’s name on the guest list and three official visitors from the Lutherans, and it was VOTED: That authority be granted to add to the list the names of any delegates who shall be certified by the proper denominational authorities as accredited delegates and by the Chairman of the delegation at Atlanta as having been present at the meeting, the Chaplains to be added as visitors. Professor Julius H. Richter of the University of Berlin, addressed the Council on “The Religious Situation in Ger- many Today.” “The Message to the Churches of America” and “The Mes- sage to the Churches of Other Lands” were presented by Rev. Howard B. Grose (see pages 71 to 75). 266 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST VOTED: To adopt the messages. The report of the Committee on Necrology was presented by Rev. A. G. Lawson, as follows: The great reaper has gathered a large harvest from our Fed- eral Council fellowship through the past four years. Sixty-eight men and women, sharers with us in Christian ser- vice, have been promoted to the upper home. Some of them have greatly enriched the commonwealth of the world with their ideas and ideals, and many of them have enjoyed the highest honors possible in their respective church bodies. How leaders have been stricken is shown in the loss of eleven Bishops, one body, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, having lost three of its Bishops during this period. The roll call of the departed will bring to our minds how much they have all meant to us in our Council History. Our Federal Council is a continuing Brotherhood and we will live richer lives because of those who have gone before. We quote for them the record of Israel’s heroes in the letter to the Hebrews :—“Having obtained a good report through faith, these all absent from the body are at home with the Lord.” Ere long we will join them. AvBertT G. LAWSON, - W. W. STALEY, D. B. CoLTRANE, Committee on Necrology. Baptist Churches, North datas Wooster W. Beman (1922), Michigan, Federal Council ember F. Wayland Ayer (1923), Pennsylvania, Federal Council Member Rev. Henry F. Cope (1923), Illinois, Commission on Christian Education Edward S. Clinch (1924), New York, Federal Council Member Col. Edward H. Haskell (1924), Mass., Commission on Tem- perance National Baptist Convention Rev. Elias C. Morris (1922), Arkansas, President National Bap- tist Convention Rev. W. G. Parks (1923), Pennsylvania, Vice-President Rev. H. H. Harris (1923), Missouri, Federal Council Member Rev. J. H. C. Henry (1923), Mississippi, Federal Council Member Rev. F. K. White (1924), Texas, Commission on Evangelism. Christian Church Rev. Alvah H. Morrell (1922), New Hampshire, Federal Council Alternate Rev. M. T. Morrill (1921), Ohio, Federal Council Member, Ex- ecutive Committee Alternate Congregational Churches H. H. Speoner (1921), Conn., Commission on Temperance Rev. Frederick M. Barton (1922), Ohio, Member of Editorial Council Rev. Gerald H. Beard (1922), Conn., Federal Council Member FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 267 Disciples of Christ Rev. Edward B. Bagby (1921), Washington, D. C., Federal Council Alternate Rev. A. McLean (1921), Missouri, Federal Council Member Rev. Jasper T. Moses (1921), Mexico, Member of Publicity Department Rev. Irving S. Chenoweth (1922), Pennsylvania, Executive Com- mittee Alternate, Federal Council Member Evangelical Church Bishop U. F. Swengel (1921), Pennsylvania, formerly member of Executive Committee Bishop G. Heinmiller (1922), Ohio, member of Federal Council since 1912, Executive Committee Alternate Rev. W. M. Stanford (1923), Pennsylvania, Federal Council ot eS Alternate, Commission on Evangelism, Vice-Pres- ident Methodist Episcopal Church Rev. P. A. Baker (1924), Ohio, Federal Council Member Frank L. Brown (1922), New York, Commissions on Interna- tional Justice and Goodwill and Councils of Churches George Warren Brown (1922), Missouri, Federal Council Mem- ber since 1912 Rev. John Goucher (1922), Maryland, Federal Council Member since 1912 James W. Kinnear (1922), Pennsylvania, International Justice and Goodwill L. Wilbur Messer (1923), Illinois, Federal Council Member, Executive Committee Alternate | Rev. S. A. D. Rogers (1924), Kansas, Federal Council Member Miss Florence Simms (1923), New York, Commission on the Church and Social Service Rev. F. W. Hixson (1921), Pennsylvania, Federal Council Mem- ber Methodist Episcopal Church South Bishop Walter R. Lambuth (1921), California, Chairman of Executive Committee BOP James Atkins (1923), Tennessee, Federal Council Mem- er Miss Belle Bennett (1923), Kentucky, Commission on the Church and Race Relations African Methodist Episcopal Church Bishop George W. Clinton (1921), North Carolina, Federal Coun- cil Member Bishop C. S. Smith (1923), Michigan, Federal Council Member, Vice-President, Church and Race Relations Bishop L. J. Coppin (1924), Pennsylvania, Federal Council Member Methodist Protestant Chancellor D. S. Stephens (1922), Kansas, formerly Federal Council Member 268 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. S. Spencer Chapman (1924), Pennsylvania, formerly Federal Council Member Rey. William J. Darby (1922), Indiana, Federal Council Mem- ber since 1912 Rev. D. Stuart Dodge (1922), New York, formerly Commission on Temperance Robert S. Fulton (1923), Ohio, Federal Council Member John B. Lennon (1923), Illinois, Board of Finance Rev. Charles Little (1923), Indiana, Federal Council Member Rev. Henry Collin Minton (1924), New Jersey, formerly Fed- eral Council Member John D. Rendall (1924), Pennsylvania, Church and Race Re- lations Rev. Charles L. Thompson (1924), New York, Member Admin- istrative Committee and Commission on Councils of Churches Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South) John J. Eagan (1924), Georgia, Administrative Committee Chairman, Commission on the Church and Race Relations; Commission on the Church and Social Service Primitive Methodist Rev. N. W. Matthews (1923), Pa., President Primitive Methodist Church; Commission on International Justice and Goodwill Rev. G. J. Jefferies (1924), Pennsylvania, President Primitive Methodist General Conference Protestant Episcopal Rev. John P. Peters (1921), New York, Commission on the Church and Social Service Rev. William Austin Smith (1922), New York, Federal Council Member Rt. Rev. Alfred Harding (1923), Washington, D. C., Washington Committee, formerly Federal Council Member Rt. Rev. Charles D. Williams (1923), Michigan, formerly Federal Council member Robert H. Gardiner (1924), Maine, Federal Council Member; Administrative Committee; Executive Committee Silas McBee (1924), New York, Religious Bodies in Europe W. T. Schutz (1924), Conn., Federal Council Alternate Reformed Church in America Rev. John H. Brandow (1921), New York, Federal Council Member Rev. Albert de Witt Mason (1923), New York, Federal Council Member; Executive Committee Alternate Reformed Church in the U. S. Rev. James I. Good (1924), Pennsylvania, Federal Council Member Reformed Episcopal Church Bishop Samuel Fallows (1922), Illinois, Member of the Federal Council since 1912; Executive Committee FIFTH QUADRENNIAL MEETING 269 United Brethren Church Bishop George M. Mathews (1921), Ohio, Executive Commit- tee; Federal Council Member; Administrative Committee Edwin L. Shuey (1924), Ohio, Executive Committee Alternate; Administrative Committee; Board of Finance; Councils of Churches United Presbyterian Church Professor Joseph Kyle (1923), Ohio, formerly Federal Council Member Rev. J. N. Knipe (1924), New York, Federal Council Member United Lutheran Church Rev. Lauritz Larsen (1923), New York, General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains Not Listed Denominationally Mrs. J. H. Hoskins (1922), Missouri, Church and Race Relations Hon. Paul S. Reinsch (1923), D. C., International Justice and Goodwill The Council stood while the names were read of those who have died during the last four years, and Bishop Cannon led in prayer. VOTED: To adopt the report, with authority to add any additional names that might be found to have been omitted. Mrs. Luke Johnson brought greetings from the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions. A message from the Student Volunteer Movement for For- eign Missions was given by Marvin Harper. Nominations by the several denominational groups for Vice- Presidents of the Council and members of the Executive Com- mittee and alternates were presented and these officers were elected by unanimous vote (see pages 350 to 351 and 369 of this volume). The report of the Committee on Resolutions was presented by Rev. A. J. C. Bond, Chairman, as follows: “We, the members of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, assembled in regular quadrennial session in the City of Atlanta, Georgia, hereby record our grateful appreciation of the gracious and abounding hospitality of the people of this great city of our Southland. Everything that warm hearts and willing hands could do to make the delegates to this convention comfortable and happy has been done in an unassuming, but in a most gracious and efficient manner. Evidences of painstaking preparations for our coming have been present on every hand, and the atmosphere of Christian cordiality which has surrounded us has contributed much to the success of these meetings. In this connection, we wish to name especially the Atlanta Christian Council and its Committee of Arrangements under the chairmanship of Rev. Richard Orme Flinn and with its quiet but efficient secretary, Mr. James A. Morton, and the pastor, official board, and members of the Central Presbyterian Church, with 270 + FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST special thanks to Mr. J. E. Kirk, Chairman of the Committee on Places of Meetings. We wish to thank the several choirs of the city that had places on our program and the Fisk Jubilee Singers for their inspiring music. We wish to record our appreciation of the service rendered by the representatives of the press through their faithful and gen- erous reports of these sessions: THE ASSOCIATED PRESS THE INDIANAPOLIS NEwS _ UNIVERSAL NEws Tue UnNItTep PrREss THE INTERNATIONAL NEWS THE UNITED News THe New York HERALpD- THE Cuicaco TRIBUNE : TRIBUNE Tue NASHVILLE BANNER Tue NASHVILLE TENNESSEAN LocAL PAPERS JouRNAL CoNSTITUTION GEORGIAN We are profoundly grateful for the able, devoted and inspiring leadership, during the last four years, of that Christian states- man and faithful servant of the Master, Dr. Robert E. Speer. With prophetic vision and a high courage, but also with sympa- thetic understanding and patient consideration, he has brought the Council to that place where more nearly than ever before, it is able to throw the total impact of our American Protestantism upon the vital issues of our own country and of the world. For such leadership and for the faithful work of all the officers of the Council and of its Commissions and its Committees we are deeply thankful to God, whom all in their respective relationships are seeking to serve. To Him we would render thanksgiving and praise for His unerring guidance through the years, and for the manifest presence of His gracious spirit during the sessions of the Council now drawing to a close. We trust to His guidance for the future ‘and pray that His spirit shall continue to direct in all the aspirations and plans and work of this Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.” VOTED: To refer the minutes of this session of the Fed- eral Council with any items of unfinished business to the Ex- ecutive Committee for approval and publication. VOTED: To adopt the resolution. Closing remarks were made by Rev. Richard Orme Flinn, Chairman of the Atlanta Committee on Arrangements, af- ter which the hymn “Blest Be the Tie That Binds” was sung. Closing prayers were given by Rev. W. W. Staley, Rev. J. L. Updegraph and Alfred R. Kimball. VOTED: To adjourn sine die. The benediction was pronounced by Dr. Summey. Rivincton D. Lorp, Recording Secretary. C. E.. SCHAEFFER,. ., A. J..C. Bonn, Assistant Secretaries REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE of Members, Corresponding Members, Guests and Visitors present at the Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council, held at Atlanta, Georgia, December 3-9, 1924 Northern Baptist Convention Members: Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthony, New York City. Rev. Edward Bleakney (Alternate appointed for meeting), Utiea cn iY, Mrs. George W. Coleman, Boston, Mass. Rev. George L. Ford (Alternate appointed for meeting), Youngs- town, O. Rev. Howard B. Grose, New York City Rev. Albert G. Lawson, Meredith, N. Y. *Reyv. Rivington D. Lord, Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. John M. Moore, Brooklyn, N. Y. *Hon. Carl E Milliken, Portland, Me. Rev... E. A. E. Palmquist (Alternate appointed for meeting), Philadelphia, Pa. nyueda tae J. Price (Alternate appointed for meeting), Rochester, Rev. Frank A. Smith (Alternate appointed for meeting), New York City W. H. Start (Alternate appointed for meeting), Utica, N. Y. Corresponding Members: Rev. John Hope, Atlanta, Ga. (Race Relations) National Baptist Convention Members: Rev. P. James Bryant (Alternate appointed for meeting), At- lanta, Ga. Rev. J. W. Goodgame (Alternate appointed for meeting), Birm- ingham, Ala. Rev. H. W. Holloway, Helena, Ark. Rev. W. H. Jernagin, Washington, D. C. W. F. Lovelace (Alternate for meeting), Wynne, Ark. Rev. I. A. Thomas, Evanston, IIl Rev. Thomas H. White (Alternate), Jersey City, N. J. Rev. W. H. Williams, Cincinnati, O. Christian Church Members: Rev. J. O. Atkinson, Elon College, N. C. Rev. J. F. Burnett, Dayton, O. Rev. Frank G. Coffin, Albany, Mo. Rev. L. E. Smith, Norfolk, Va. Rev., W. W. Staley, Suffolk, Va. Rev. Martyn Summerbell, Lakemont, N. Y. * Free Baptists. 271 272 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Corresponding Members: Rev. Warren H. Denison, Dayton, O. (Social Service) Rev. W. P. Minton, Dayton, O. (International Justice and Good- will) Omer S. Thomas, Dayton, O. (Army and Navy Chaplains) Churches of God (General Eldership) Members: Rev. J. L. Updegraph, Findlay, O. Congregational Churches Members: Rev. Arthur H. Armstrong (Alternate appointed for meeting), St. Louis, Mo. Chaplain John T. Axton, Washington, D. C. Rev. Charles E. Burton, New York City Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, Brooklyn, N. Y. Rolfe Cobleigh, Boston, Mass. Rev. D. Witherspoon Dodge (Alternate appointed for meet- ing), Atlanta, Ga. Rev. F. L. Fagley, New York City Rev. Hiram B. Harrison (Alternate appointed for meeting), New York City Rey. George Irving (Alternate appointed for meeting), New York City Maree Lawless (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta, a: Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, Hartford, Conn. Rev. W. W. Scudder (Alternate appointed for meeting), New York City Corresponding Members: Rev. Hastings H. Hart, New York City (Social Service) Hon. William E. Sweet, Denver, Colo. (Social Service) Chaplain Evan W. Scott, Washington, D. C. (Army and Navy Chaplains) Fred B. Smith, New York City (Councils of Churches) Disciples of Christ Members: Rev. B. A. Abbott, St. Louis, Mo. Rev. Henry Pearce Atkins (Alternate appointed for meeting), Cincinnati, O. Rev. Peter Ainslie, Baltimore, Md. Rev. P. M. Baber (Alternate appointed for meeting), Clarksville, Tenn. Rev. F. W. Burnham, St. Louis, Mo. Rev. George A. Campbell, St. Louis, Mo. Rev. A. E. Cory, Kinston, N. C. es N. Downey (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta, as Rev. L. W. McCreary (Alternate appointed for meeting), Balti- more, Md. Rev. Wright T. Moore (Alternate appointed for meeting), At- lanta, Ga. Rev. C. C. Morrison (Alternate), Chicago, II. REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE 273 Rev. George P. Rutledge (Alternate appointed for meeting), Cincinnati, O. Rev. G. H. Steed (Alternate appointed for meeting), Norfolk, Va. Rev. C. H. Winders (Alternate appointed for meeting), Indian- apolis, Ind. Corresponding Members: Rev. W. R. Warren, St. Louis, Mo. (Editorial Council) Evangelical Church Members: Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, Reading, Pa. Bishop J. F. Dunlap, Cleveland, O. Rev. E. G. Frye, Cleveland, O. Rev. A. E. Hangen, Cleveland, O. Rev. G. B. Kimmel, Naperville, Ill. Bishop M. T. Maze, Harrisburg, Pa. Rev. T. C. Meckel, Cleveland, O. Rev. H. V. Summers (Alternate for Bishop Spreng), Columbus, O. Corresponding Members: Rev. J. W. Heininger, Cleveland, O. (Evangelism) Evangelical Synod of North America Members: Rev. A. H. Becker, New Orleans, La. Rev. J. H. Horstmann, St. Louis, Mo. Rev. Reinhold Niebuhr, Detroit, Mich. Friends Members: Miss Clara I. Cox (Alternate), High Point, N. C. Dr. Francis Hackney, Chattanooga, Tenn. Professor Samuel L. Haworth, Guilford College, N. C. President J. Edwin Jay (Alternate), Wilmington, O. Mrs. Alice Paige White, High Point, N. C. Dr. Walter C. Woodward, Richmond, Ind. Corresponding Members: Alfred C. Garrett, Philadelphia, Pa. (Race Relations) S. E. Nicholson, Washington, D. C. (Temperance) Methodist Episcopal Church Members: George Bird (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta, Ga. Rev. Dan B. Brummitt, Chicago, IIl. Ernest H. Cherrington, Westerville, O. Rev. Edmund J. Hammond (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta, Ga. Rev. F. M. Larkin, San Francisco, Calif. Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bishop William F. McDowell, Washington, D. C. Rev. Edward Laird Mills, Portland, Ore. Rev. H. E. Murkett, Chattanooga, Tenn. Rev. Frank Mason North, New York City Rev. Frank P. Parkin, Philadelphia, Pa. 274. FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Rev. Albert B. Storms, Berea, O. Bishop Wilbur P. Thirkield, New Orleans, La. C. A. Titus (Alternate appointed for meeting), Decatur, Ga. Rev. Charles E. Vermilya, New York City Rev. R. J. Wade, Chicago, II. Rev. J. R. Van Pelt (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta, Ga. Rev. J. J. Wallace, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rev. E. C. Wareing, Cincinnati, O. Corresponding Members: Rev. George B. Dean, Philadelphia, Pa. (Evangelism) David G. Latshaw, New York City (Administrative Committee) Mrs. Wilbur P. Thirkield, New Orleans, La. (Race Relations) Methodist Episcopal Church, South Members: Rev. L. C. Branscomb, Anniston, Ala. Rev. M. L. Burton, Meridian, Miss. Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Washington, D. C. D. B. Coltrane, Concord, N. C. Rev. Plato Durham, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. J. S. French, Bristol, Tenn. Mrs. Luke Johnson, Atlanta, Ga. Thomas Mellow, St. Louis, Mo. Bishop Edwin D. Mouzon, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. Franklin N. Parker, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. W. F. Quillian, Macon, Ga. Rev. R. G. Smith, Augusta, Ga. Mrs. H. R. Steele, Nashville, Tenn. E. Frank Storey, Franklin, Va. Rev. W. F. Tillett, Nashville, Tenn. R. M. Weaver, Corinth, Miss. Rev. G. B. Winton, Paducah, Ky. Rev. C. M. Woodward, Atlanta, Ga. Corresponding Members: Rey. Will W. Alexander, Atlanta, Ga. (Race Relations) Rev. Stonewall Anderson, Nashville, Tenn. (Race Relations) Bishop W. B. Beauchamp, Brussels, Belgium (Religious Bodies in Europe) James A. Burrow, Nashville, Tenn. (Editorial Council) R. B. Eleazer, Atlanta, Ga. (Editorial Council) Mrs. J. H. McCoy, Nashville, Tenn. (Councils of Churches) Rev. W. W. Pinson, Nashville, Tenn. (Religious Bodies in Europe) Fennell P. Turner, New York City, (International Justice and Goodwill) Rev. A. C. Zumbrunnen, Nashville, Tenn. (Social Service) African Methodist Episcopal Church Members: Rev. W. P. Q. Byrd, Mount Bayou, Miss. Rev. C. P. Cole, Brooklyn, N. Y. Bishop A. L. Gaines, Baltimore, Md. Bishop Reverdy C: Ransom, Nashville, Tenn. REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE 275 Rev. S. A. Williams, St. Petersburg, Fla. Rev A. W. Wilson, Wilmington, N. C Corresponding Members: Rev. G. F. David, Lexington, Ky. (Country Life) African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Members: Rev. H. J. Callis, Knoxville, Tenn. Bishop George C. Clement, Louisville, Ky. Bishop W. L. Lee, Brooklyn, NY? Bishop W. J. Walls, Charlotte, N. C. Colored Methodist Episcopal Church Members: Bishop R. A. Carter (Alternate) Chicago, II. Bishop C. H. Phillips, Cleveland, Rev. J. A. Walker, Anderson, S. C. Corresponding Members: W. A. Bell, Atlanta, Ga. (Councils of Churches) Bishop N. G. Cleaves, St. Louis, Mo. (Race Relations) G. L. Word, Birmingham, Ala. (Executive Committee Alternate) Methodist Protestant Church Members: Rev. J. R. Anderson (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta, Ga. Rev. J. S. Eddins (Alternate appointed for meeting), Birming- ham, Ala. Rev. Thomas H. Lewis, Washington, D. C. yi oe Mills (Alternate appointed for meeting), Birmingham, a. Moravian Church Members: Rt. Rev. Edward Rondthaler, Winston-Salem, N. C. Walter T. Spaugh, College Park, Ga. Corresponding Members: ' Rev. Irvin E. Deer, Dayton, O. (Local Councils of Churches) Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Members: Rev. W. H. Black, Marshall, Mo. Hon. William Jennings Bryan, Miami, Fla. Rev. Charles L. Candee, Wilmington, Del. Rev. E. A. Elmore, Chattanooga, Tenn. Rev. S. A. Fulton, DesMoines, Ia. Rev. M. L. Haines, Indianapolis, Ind. Rev. Reuben H. Hartley, La jolla, Gah Rev. W. Beatty Jennings, Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. John A. Marquis, New York City Rev. William McKibbin, Cincinnati, O. Robert E. Speer, New York City Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J. Rev. Joseph A. Vance, Detroit, Mich. O. R. Williamson, Chicago, Ill.» . Rev. Charles L. Zorbaugh, Columbus, O. 276 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Corresponding Members: Rev. Sylvester W. Beach, Princeton, N. J. (Religious Bodies in Europe) ' fp Rev. William Adams Brown, New York City (Administrative Committee) Rev. William L. Darby, Washington, D. C. (Washington Com- mittee) Mrs. Archibald H. Davis, Atlanta, Ga. (Councils of Churches) Alfred R. Kimball, New York City Walter R. Mee, Chicago, Ill. (Western Committee) Rev. Ralph C. McAfee, Kansas City, Mo. (Local Councils of Churches) : Rev. Warren H. Wilson, New York City (Country Life) Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South) Members: Rev. W. S. Campbell, Richmond, Va. Hon. Willis M. Everett, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. Homer McMillan (Alternate), Atlanta, Ga. Rev. George Summey, New Orleans, La. Rev. John M. Wells (Alternate), Sumter, S. C. Corresponding Members: Rev. Richard Orme Flinn, Atlanta, Ga. (Evangelism) Rev. Teunis E. Gouwens, Louisville, Ky. (International Justice and Goodwill) Marion M. Jackson, Atlanta, Ga. (Race Relations) Rev. S. L. Morris, Atlanta, Ga. (Race Relations) Rev. Charles H. Pratt, Louisville, Ky. (Race Relations) Rev. David M. Sweets, Louisville, Ky. (Editorial Council) Rev. Henry H. Sweets, Louisville, Ky. (Race Relations) Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity and Department of Christian Social Service Members: Rt. Rev. K. G. Finlay (Alternate appointed for meeting), Co- lumbia, S. C. Rev. W. W. Memminger (Alternate appointed for meeting), At- lanta, Ga. Rev. George L. Paine (Alternate appointed for meeting), Boston, Mas s. Rt. Rev. Frederick F. Reese (Alternate appointed for meeting), Savannah, Ga. Miss Lucinda Snoot (Alternate appointed for meeting), Atlanta, ae Rt. Rev. Ethelbert Talbot, Bethlehem, Pa. ‘ Mrs. Richard Ward Westbrook (Alternate appointed for meet- ing), Brooklyn, N. Y. Corresponding Members: Arthur E. Hungerford, Baltimore, Md. (Editorial Council) Reformed Church in America Members: Rev. Albertus T. Broek, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Rev. John A. Dykstra, Grand Rapids, Mich. Rev. I. W. Gowen, North Bergen, N. J. Rev. Ame Vennema, Passaic, N. J. REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE 277 Reformed Church in the United States Members: Franklin P. Brown, Dayton, O. Rev. Henry J. Christman, Dayton, O. Rev. W. Stuart Cramer, Lancaster, Pa. Rey. Paul S. Leinbach, Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. J. C. Leonard (Alternate for Mr. Paisley), Lexington, N. C. Rev. Charles E. Miller, Tiffin, O. Rev. Rufus W. Miller, Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. James M. Mullan (Alternate for Dr. I{erman), Philadel- phia, Pa. Rev. George W. Richards (Alternate for Dr. Apple), Lancaster, rif Rev. Charles E. Schaeffer, Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. J. Rauch Stein (Alternate for Dr. Darms), Philadelphia, Ea: Reformed Episcopal Church Members: Rev. W. Russell Collins (Alternate), Montclair, N. J. Rev. Joseph Kearney, Summerville, S. Bishop Robert L. Rudolph, Philadelphia, Pa: Rey. Edward J. S. Sonne (Alternate), Chicago, IIl. Seventh Day Baptist Churches Members: Rey. A. J. C. Bond, Plainfield, N. J. President Boothe C. Davis, Alfred, N. Y. Rev. Arthur E. Main, Alfred, N. Y. United Brethren in Christ Members: Bishop William M. Bell, Harrisburg, Pa. S. C. Caldwell, Swanton, Nebr. Bishop A. R. Clippinger, Dayton, O. Rev. W. G. Clippinger, Westerville, O. Bishop H. H. Fout, Indianapolis, Ind. Rev. W. R. Funk, Dayton, O. Bishop C. J. Kephart, Kansas City, Mo. Rev. A. T. Howard, Dayton, O. United Presbyterian Church Members: Rev. J. L. Hervey, Woodhaven, N. Y. Rev. R. A. Hutchison, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rev. D. F. McGill, Bellevue, Pa. Rev. J. Knox Montgomery, New Concord, O. Rev. J. Howard Tate, Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. W. I. Wishart, Pittsburgh, Pa. Corresponding Members: Mrs. John Ferguson, New York City (Administrative Committee) Rey. R. W. McGranahan, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Race Relations) 278 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Corresponding Members at the Quadrennial Meeting Representing Affiliated, Cooperating and Consultative Bodies Home Missions Council Rev. Charles E. Vermilya Council of Women for Home Missions Mrs. George W. Coleman Mrs. John Ferguson Mrs. Luke Johnson Mrs. J. H. McCoy Miss Laura H. Parker Mrs. Wilbur P. Thirkield Mrs. Katherine Westfall Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions Mrs. Luke Johnson Mrs. H. R. Steele Council of Church Boards of Education Dr. Stonewall Anderson Rev. H. H. Sweets Rev. George J. Gongaware International Council of Religious Education R. E. Magill Guy E. Snavely American Bible Society Rev. Frank P. Parkin Rev. M. B. Porter Rev. Arthur W. Mellen Rev. Hugh C. Tucker International Committee of the Young Men’s Christian Associations Rev. W. W. Alexander Abel J. Gregg George Irving David G. Latshaw National Board of the Young Women’s Christian Associations Mrs. Gutzon Borglum Mrs. Archibald Davis Mrs. Erie Layton Gates Miss Louise Leonard Mrs. Richard Ward Westbrook Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America Rev. Frank Mason North Rev. W. W. Pinson Rev. S. M. Zwemer F. P. Turner Student Volunteer Movement Marvin H. Harper Mrs. H. R. Steele REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE 279 Friendly Visitors United Lutheran Church Rev. W. Hoppe, Savannah, Ga. John W. Horine, Columbia, S. C. Rev. W. H. Greever, Columbia, S. C. Secretaries of State and Local Councils of Churches Rev. Arthur H. Armstrong, St. Louis, Mo. Rev. Henry Pearce Atkins, Cincinnati, O. Rev. W. L. Darby, Washington, D. C Rey. Irvin E. Deer, Dayton, O. Rev. George L. Ford, Youngstown, O. Rev. F. M, Larkin, Los Angeles, Calif. Rev. Ralph C. McAfee, Kansas City, Mo. Rev. L. W. McCreary, Baltimore, Md. Walter R. Mee, Chicago, III. Rev. George L. Paine, Boston, Mass. Rev. E. A. E. Palmquist, Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. Orlo J. Price, Rochester, N. Y. Rev. G. H. Steed, Norfolk, Va. Rey. C. H. Winders, Indianapolis, Ind. Chaplains Chaplain John T. Axton, Chief of Chaplains, U. S. A., War Depart- ment, Washington, D. C. hati Henry N. Blanchard, 6th U. S. Cavalry, Fort Oglethorpe, eor Chaplain Frank B. Bonner, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, Chaplain th A a Calvin B. Williams, O. R. C., 15 Hudson Drive, Atlanta, Chaplain Luther D. Miller, Fort McPherson, Ga. Chaplain John T. DeBardeleben, Fort Benning, Ga., Post Chaplain. Chaplain Orville E. Fisher, Fort Moultrie, South Carolina. Chaplain Evan W. Scott, Chief Chaplain, U. S. N., Bureau of Navi- gation, Washington, D. C Special Guests and Speakers Justice Florence E. Allen, Cleveland, O. Rev. M. G. Andreades, Atlanta, Ga., representing the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Bishop Warren A. Candler, Atlanta, Ga. M. M. Davies, Atlanta, Ga. Sir Willoughby Dickinson, London, England, representing the World Alliance for International Friendship through the Churches. Lady Elizabeth Dickinson Rev. M. Ashby Jones, Atlanta, Ga. apie ahh Keller, Reformed Church of Switzerland, Zurich, Switzer- an Rev. E. Y. Mullins, Louisville, Ky. Rev. T. Albert Moore, Toronto, Canada, representing the Church Union Committee of Canada Rabbi I. E. Marcuson, Macon, Ga., representing the Central Confer- ence of American Rabbis Mrs. W. A. Newell, Winston-Salem, N. C. 280 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Rey. A. K. Reischauer, New York City, representing the National Christian Council of Japan Professor Julius Richter, Berlin, Germany, representing the Evangeli- cal Church Federation of Germany Rev. K. Tsunashima, Tokio, Japan, representing the National Coun- cil of the Protestant Churches of Japan Professor James T. Shotwell, New York City Most Rev. Archbishop Panteleimon Athanassiades, Chicago, Ill., rep- resenting the Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church, Jerusalem Professor C. B. Wilmer, Sewanee, Tenn. Visitors Mrs. Grant Allen, Stonewall, Ga. Irene Headley Armes, Boston, Mass. Rev. Clyde F. Armitage, New York City Rev. Paul E. Baker, Nashville, Tenn. Carl J. Barbour, Nashville, Tenn. C. D. Barr, Birmingham, Ala. Donald P. Bean, Chicago, IIl. Rev. S. L. Beougher, Wadley, Ala. J. W. Bergthold, Atlanta, Ga. Pres. R. E. Blackwell, Ashland, Va. Rev. Russell Brown, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. Thomas Jefferson Brown, Atlanta, Ga. Charles J. Buchanan, Indianapolis, Ind. Rev. H. D. Canady, South Atlanta, Ga. D. W. Cannon, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. E. R. Carter, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. S. J. Cartledge, Athens, Ga. Rev. John S. Chadwick, Birmingham, Ala. Rev. H. P. Clarke, Petersburg, Va. L. Daniel Collins, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. William G. Clinton, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. W. S. Cramer, Lancaster, Pa. Rev. Edward Creager, La Grange, Ga. Rey. James B. Crippin, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. Wilson J. Culpepper, Decatur, Ga W. M. Danner, New York City Rev. William M. Dye, Etowah, Tenn. Rev. Thomas Dyke, Kissimmee, Fla. John G. Earnest, Atlanta, Ga. Galen M. Fisher, Pleasantville, N. Y. D. R. Fobbs, Atlanta, Ga. J. A. Freeman, Selma, Ala. Thomas W. Gardner, Nashville, Tenn. Rey. F. J. Gilbert, Kite, Ga. Rey. George W. Griffin, Rockville, Ind. Rev. Melville B. Gurley, Mt. Berry, Ga. Mrs. H. C. Gurr, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. Ernest Hall, Atlanta, Ga. Rey. W. S. Hamilton, East Point, Ga. Rev. C. C. Hamilton, LaGrange, Ga. Rev. William A. Hamlett, Atlanta, Ga. J. C. Hardie, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. N. F. Haygood, Newark, N. J. Rev. B. H. Hogan, Columbia, Ga. REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE Rev. M. T. J. Howard, Atlanta, Ga. Joseph S. Hughes, Holland, Mich. Mrs. A. E. Hungerford, Baltimore, Md. Rev. G. W. Hutchinson, Wrightville, Ga. Rev. B. J. Jackson, Atlanta, Ga. Rev.,J. W. Jackson, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. E. P. Johnson, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. E. M. Jones, Atlanta, Ga. Jason S. Joy, Rye, N. Y. Rev. Jim D. Kilgore, Richburg, S. C. J. E. Kirk, Atlanta, Ga. Julius W. Kneeger, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. M. Boyd Lawrence, Atlanta, Ga. Eugene T. Lies, Chicago, IIl. Rev. D. Clay Lilly, Reynolda, N. C. Mrs. B. W. Lipscomb, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. C. B. Loomis, Decatur, Ga. James Love, Athens, Ga. Rev. J. E. Lowry, Madisonville, Tenn. Rev. Robert E. Lyle, Emory University, Ga. Elizabeth McFarland, New York City Mrs. Charles S. Macfarland, Mountain Lakes, N. J. Carrie Mellow, St. Louis, Mo. M. C. Morris, Atlanta, Ga. James A. Morton, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. J. G. Myers, Nashville, Tenn. Joseph Myers, Jr., Indianapolis, Ind. Mrs. J. G. Myers, Nashville, Tenn. Rey. C. K. Nah, Songdo, Korea Louie D. Newton, Atlanta, Ga. Horatio W. O’Bannon, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. J. H. Palmer, Chattanooga, Tenn. Mrs. E. A. E. Palmquist, Philadelphia, Pa. Wilbur N. Parker, Monita, Va. Rev. Leander A. Pinkston, Atlanta, Ga. Rey. S. R. Preston, Bristol, Va. Hubert Quillian, La Grange, Ga. Rey. James O. Reavis, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. D. H. Scanlon, Durham, N. C. E. L. Secrest, Athens, Ga. Dr. D. A. Sloan, Bloomfield, Mo. Rev. Thomas W. Smith, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. C. H. Stauffacher, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Rev. William C. Stearns, Berkeley, Cal. Mrs. G. H. Steed, Norfolk, Va. Charles Stewart, Chicago, III. Rev. M. Luther Stimson, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. Thomas T. Taylor, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. S. D. Thom, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. B. B. Thornton, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. C. M. Thornton, Atlanta, Ga. Rey. A. M. Townsend, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. George H. Trever, So. Atlanta, Ga. Daisy June Trout, St. Louis, Mo. Mrs. C. W. Turpin, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. R. H. Ward, Atlanta, Ga. Rey. Philip M. Watters, Atlanta, Ga. 281 282 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST D. F. Weaver, Birmingham, Ala. A. J. Weeks, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. A. D. Williams, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. Harwell Wilson, Lincoln, Ala. Rev. Joseph D. C. Wilson, LaGrange, Ga. Herbert E. Worden, Baltimore, Md. Executives Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, General Secretary Rev. Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary Rev. Roy B. Guild, Secretary, Commission on Councils of Churches Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, Secretary, Commission on International Jus- tice and Goodwill Rev. Worth M. Tippy, Secretary, Commission on the Church and Social Service Rev. Charles L. Goodell, Secretary, Commission on Evangelism and Life Service Dr. George E. Haynes, Secretary, Commission on the Church and Race Relations Rev. W. W. Alexander, Secretary, Commission on the Church and Race Relations Harry N. Holmes, Secretary, Commission on Councils of Churches Rey. Chauncey W. Goodrich, Secretary, Commission on Religious Bodies in Europe Rey. Adolf Keller, Secretary in Europe, Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe Rey. John W. Herring, Associate Secretary, Commission on Interna- tional Justice and Goodwill B. Y. Landis, Research Assistant, Department of Research and Education Donald M. Brodie, Assistant Secretary, Commission on International Justice and Goodwill Caroline W. Chase, Assistant Secretary, Federal Council of the Churches Elizabeth Baker, Research Assistant, Department of Research and Education Fanny Aurill Bishop, Secretary to Dr. Gulick, Commission on Inter- national Justice and Goodwill Members ‘and Alternates”) .2')')..2nbhs ea pein ee. aids 190 Corresponding”) Members)..act atid, oekaer BP ae SO $17,000 This addition to the budget will need to be raised by special effort on the part of friends of the extension of local federations. Washington Office, including the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains (Budget fori, 19240. Woe ee $17,400) (Expenditures for 1924 about 18,000) Administration: Secretary and Office Secretary... CIETICAL | OENVICE moe n ee yet i METI Gna eUR in etrs Ce eted Office Expense, Stationery, Postage, etc. ........ Printing} and Publication Hava eae eae LAWS L Miva Nie IAL a IBV AR Ey yy aeeN Oh Mie aR MARR ate Western Office AL CITIVISt TAHT UU as na NI OY ORY a a ha COMICE NE SENSE Us eT Me cL aAU nate Sots ati ohe Dra Commission on Evangelism and Life Service (Budget for 1924, $20,200.) $7,820 2,900 ——— $17,400 (Expenditures for 1924 about $13,000, the reduction being due to the fact that the proposed Secretary has not yet been secured.) AMMministration': (echetaries ih es vay. ewes coat ae CPTCE AK CLISE OS elne ere aie ee cream Ue By arte ere oe Printing and) Publication vou). ans hee ae Od TEN OES DESDE ER OPAOT gt bbe Way A As a ey) eo Commission on the Church and Social Service (Budget for. 1924 Ti ie. $18,800) (Expenditures for 1924 about 19,000) Administration: Secretaries | 60) fey VGnd aay ae Oiicet Farpense: Hi edn! ily hh el IN OR Waa, Printing \ands/ Publication / ii ya, aCe Travel (two, Séeretaries) i. Ue ey ll een Tecicherrta lai ech Butane a SM ee a Commission on the Church and Race Relations (Budvervtor 1924 vw ede haewss $11,500) (Expenditures for 1924 about. 10,000) Admingstration: Secretaries, |. os \s des ise. eemeies CHCA TAS DENSE! . Liuid vie wee thee tina ets wee he Printingwand (Publication: yu hea aes ciao mek en ean WE WAaMO Nasu iiice lie mele UR eg a a Vo bal areas —— $20,200 $12,500 2,500 —— $19,000 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF FINANCE 329 Commission on International Justice and Goodwill (Regular Budget for 1924....0.0...40. $35,000) (Regular Expenditures for 1924 about $35,000. In addition a con- siderable sum has been secured, designated and expended for special work.) Administration ti CCretarics yi. ss bs son metmisyel em eisya dias $8,000 Ofhce | Barpensen | crema si. s abl We Milas ae ah lak 6, Printing, Publication and Publicity ............. 18,000 Pravel ee Wee CRBS Ue ek Ate ca aah watcha iit § 2,500 CONTENT ATGESRA NY MNT M Er dni acl a Sitdid ol Ata ile laicitarsya evan 500 $35,000 This includes also the Budgets of the Committee on Relations with the Orient and the Committee on Mexico, for which designated funds are available. Committee on Goodwill Between Jews and Christians (a sub- committee of the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill) POnvinistf ation 2) Secretaries. ee erm $7,000 CFEICCT EEX POLiSGam tte. Witney ete ceive veut tasaeM ant va Te 2,000 LT VELE ee cetet eae CO OM ne a ery an nen ee 1,500 MEISCOUANSOMIS ME Pace Uae ee ee ole ey a mates 1,500 Promotion: and, Pubiveit yore Qo Wee a Me 3,000 — $15,000 Pledges for $15,000 a year for three years have already been se- cured for this Committee. Department of Research and Education (Budget for 1924, $32,000.) (Expenditures for 1924 about $45,000, the increase being due to ap- proved work undertaken, for which special funds were pro- vided, including Prohibition Research and other emergencies. ) Administration: Secretaries and Assistants ...... $8,000 Research and Investigation Staff .............. ii 8,000 Office Expense ii. o 3's oo ss nis 6 RS Cea Lo ees 12,000 Printing (and) Publication (24yhaaes wabula. Piel. ols 5,000 Travelland it Ingwlentals oie ae! ae aes eu ad 1,000 $34,000 This Department serves all the Departments and Commissions and a number of the Denominational Boards. Hence its budget fluctuates according to the tasks referred to it. A Commission on Federated Movements (at present known as Commission on Councils of Churches) BONNIE EP atION Yn PECCCLALIESIG bs uliicucele: sie laualee xd Vioriele $10,000 COIOC ER NCHISE 4) I", ic: 2:4(0 aI RRL aein obtain ibe cacisl Dinee. tak 3,400 Printingcand } Publication vausimenn ror nics enc scan 1,000 Eravel Sevinieiaescc Ch a OO eo. eles 3,000 Conventions yuiie. 3. 2d VIS A et os BR $19,400 It is proposed that this Budget be entirely assured by special pro- vision of the Commission. The name and program of the Commission are now under con- sideration. 330 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST BUDGET FOR 1925 (The Budget for 1924 was....$258,800) (Expenditures for 1924 about 270,000) General VERPENSES Wels ce ss cn ans wheter eiaeia ylaly raha R $96,000 Washington Otice ere na aaa nanan ee Chonan 17,400 WrestertiiOltice ie uk ee ea it wi ine om ene 7,000 Commission on Evangelism and Life Service..... 20,200 Commission on the Church and Social Service... 19,000 Commission on the Church and Race Relations... 11,500 Commission on International Justice and Goodwill 35,000 Committee on Goodwill between Jews and Chris- tians (sub-committee of International Justice andi Good will) said. tiitucone cals Cae erwin Ds ed 15,000 Department of Research and Education......... 34,000 Local and State Organization ...... Ath BUCS gt 17,000 ees Sy aie la PROVISIONAL ADDITION TO BUDGET In view of the reorganization of measures for the development of local and state organizations, the following addition to the Budget is authorized, contingent upon the organization of this work and the securing of the funds from special sources. Proposed Commission on Federated Movements............ $19,400 ADVANCE WORK BUDGETS It is recommended by the Board of Finance that, early in 1925, the several departments and secretaries make a concerted effort to secure funds for their work, and that authority be given for such increase in the budgets as increased resources may make possible, for such addi- tional work as may be approved by the Administrative Committee. SPECIAL COMMISSIONS Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe (Estimated Budget for 1924. .$19,000) (Expenditures for 1924 about 16,000) The budget for 1925 will be about the same, including the salary and expenses of the Secretary in Europe. The resources for this Com- mission are secured from the cooperating boards and organizations. The Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone incurs only slight administrative expense, cared for out of its funds. The Committee on Mercy and Relief and the American Office of the Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evangelical Churches in Europe secure their funds independently. The same is true of other relief movements. The Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Commission is financing the Tercentenary by the sale of the Huguenot Coins and expects to complete its work within a few months. It is impossible that a rapidly growing organism like the Federal Council, with new emergencies and new opportunities for the cooperative service of its constituent bodies, arising REPORT OF THE BOARD OF FINANCE 331 sometimes almost from day to day, should determine its entire budget with exactitude. The Board of Finance has, however, endeavored to insure the balancing of the budget by, first of all, conditioning specific authorization on the anticipated receipts which appear dependable. At the same time we have endeavored to provide for exten- sion in whatever direction the emergency or opportunity may call for it, in such a way that the cooperative work of the churches may grow as fast as the resources can be obtained for it. Respectfully submitted, LANDRETH H. KING Joun M. GLENN Orrin R. Jupp Committee on Budget. REPORT OF THE TREASURER Summary for the Quadrennium The following is a condensed statement of the operations for the past four years in connection with the regular work: 1921 [922 1923 1924 Bxpendituresi in iivnmcus $234,863.14 $224,725.73. $272,676.56 $268,145.46 Income: From Denominations .. $59,198.84 $71,492.35 $82,279.74 $86,109.01 From Cooperating Bodies i), Pres wae 20,000.00 22,580.67 29,239.66 31,658.97 From Individuals ..... 169,352.60 117,768.52 138,291.99 142,366.27 From other Sources— Literature, Year Book, Refunds, Printing and Publi- CATO energy 18,229.39 24,454.03 19,222.16 8,011.21 Total Income for Regu- LAC TWWV OF eee: $266,780.84 $236,295.57 $269,033.55 $268,145.46 Report for 1924 RECEIPTS BALANCES ON HAND, DECEMBER 31, 1923 General ‘Fund 6/0 Sk Ve ire eel lees $3,508.54 General War-Time Commission .............. 1,933.05 Committee on the War and the Religious Out- BOOM eae rey Ceara cL a ttn aren ead i ee 218.03 TotalivBalances iia ee ebm, abe me mene enn opie $5,659.62 DENOMINATIONAL APPORTIONMENTS ........-2+ $71,719.24 Denominational apportionments for Special De- partments: WV ASIN STON COMICE GOA uh tele co cirete Ged Belen meant aee 3,025.00 Commission on Relations with Religious edies in “WEurope yt 2 even ey eee ee 5,914.77 Department of Research and Education... 4,300.00 Commission on the Church and Race Rela- THORS GATE Rte chara ane MR dete eR 600.00 Commission on Evangelism and Life Ser- if Cel ares See lee hacia 8 uf 14, a A ee a 550.00 otal nicom Lenominations’ can Lane se. $86,109.01 From CooPpeRATING BopliEs: Church Peace Union for the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill ......... $8,000.00 Church Peace Union for the Commission on Councils’ of: Churches!) F700) 20. aaa 4,000.00 REPORT OF THE TREASURER Russell Sage Foundation for the Commission on the Church and Race Relations ............ $5,000.00 From several bodies for the Commission on the Ciurcn anGaece Celarions : Oe w wha eels sols 1,419.10 From several bodies for the Commission on In- ternational Justice and Goodwill ............ 6,454.38 From several bodies for the Commission on Re- lations with Religious Bodies in Europe...... 3,104.39 From several bodies for various departments.... 3,681.10 CONTRIBUTIONS \FEOM “INDIVIDUALS sf 2 acide oh e'e ods nitoete ds 5 LITERATURE, INFORMATION SERVICE AND PUBLICITY........ DEPARTMENT OF PRINTING AND PUBLICATION (United Process Company) Receipts SOT VICES 1th) were all di ada et wines eutabtele La $49,191.42 Expenditures Cliice sl xpense cats sc eu) setnaas eisie $5,605.68 CUTSIGGIMDSERVICE aerate seat as cake 1,557.09 Wares iene, Cbs .iicccawccscccsles 1/9500 PRONTO a, at wal ln 1,966.08 Postar eserce cass feed crake tu 20,940.50 $48,002.70 Less Supplies on Hand ......... 783.02 $47,219.68 INGE TET OULAE (Ue berries ume iti. an 0 ACARI. INCOME FROMTHE RESERVE. FUND ©. .6 occceld sks cevewees ea + TT OtAMRARE DRS cig (aaa amerine te WiC oa ha as ane Desir BALANCES CARRIED OVER INTO 1925 Commission on Councils of Churches ......... $7,277.62 Commission on the Church and Social Service. 1,050.00 Commission on International Justice and Good- WLLL LOR Es ale eee alan Ns age ate’a! a o'Olaany 4,520.21 Department of Research and Education ........ 3,698.76 $16,546.59 Less Crepir BALANCES ON HAND, DECEMBER 31, 1924 General War Time Commission..... $1,575.78 Committee on Goodwill Between Jews and: Christians «<.'dsieAdey et tb: 6,181.33 WET DEFOE ee. ee Oras Cb ete bad saan 333 $31,658.97 142,366.27 7,336.96 1,971.74 800.00 $275,902.57 8,789.48 $284,692.05 (The deficit is covered by the balance $10,000 in the Reserve Fund) 334 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST EXPENDITURES General Expenses Administration: Secretaries and Assistant Sec- FOCAL YS SeaeP eRe NTC tetany Wheto CtanG atel a neh Wn ay Chr $16,000.00 Office Staff Clerical Service re ees ai ahs 12,260.01 Office Expense: Property, Stationery, Printing, Postage) :€tes io coal arahin Rea a aA 5,156.90 Telephone, Telegraph and Cable .............. 1,890.63 Travel and Expense of Meetings ............. 5,313.41 RentraCentralOmces oN ances sales Sven a's, hie 3,609.21 Publication) arid) LADrary mete conte hee eieeaerieina e's 3,251.87 Treasurer's ; Department \areeuyes eae eee aes 7,908.72 Retiving (Find iio) sinicis caicla ibe olarebele cas PRaeane eat ae 2,500.00 Incidentals, Interest and Contingent Fund...... 1,553.97 Department of Promotion and Publicity....... 8,162.66 Religious Publicity Service) 030.0. . Segue. 11,191.25 Commission on’, Temperance’. 2.040 . dete. 187.30 $78,985.93 Less overhead expenses charged in proportion to idenariments:) below, ua sates eensene ee tse 8,344.00 Washington Office, including the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains Administration: | 4.50 Peo Ba re $7,820.00 Clerical Service 7 eee re 2,178.00 Office Expense, Rent, Stationery, Postage, etc.. 4,191.94 Printing and | Fubhicationussiaactusewe caeuhe ee ueics 2,590.61 Travel and Expense of Meetings .............. 739.11 Expense: ot, Gonterenceseiin ova. iwuvvs comieun 793.84 Miscellaneous Ms ia idu weiss ceo tink ve tere eres 101.00 Western Office Peri thiStra tiny is see ery viata EP aetna Sac $2,676.64 O\RiCeI Ee ensetiliiatiale ¢uiece alm eles ay etn 1,125.27 Printing) and |:Publicationvcicc cose nets iv. sie os oie see ueca are 319.85 PT AVOL ee Uy ee E ee a ols okie oa elena ne et a 980.72 Union Church on the Canal Zone .......... 17,000.00 _ Balance on hand, December 31, 1924......... 14,858.98 oe ——— $34,420.13 Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe RECEIVED— From Denominations, Churches and Individuals....... $241,288.68 Paip— Zo ithe “Gentral Biuareawiiiien ss 0 te ae ied vielen $232,854.77 Balance on hand, December 31, 1924........ 8,433.91 $241,288.68 The “Central Bureau” is the relief agency created by the Com- mission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe and is adminis- tered by a Special Committee, of which Albert G. Lawson is the Treasurer, Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Commission (Incor- porated) EXPE N SING ae amit ttle hs "8 sag aka RIN ie We ath male nid a wie Gdeela one Wat $32,470.41 INCOME— Balance on hand, December 31, 1923 ........ $63.84 Income from sale of coins and _ individual CarAEL Settee. ARUN ated ets Nakata dis oe sins 31,325.71 1,080. $32,470.41 It is expected that the continued sale of the Huguenot coins will meet this deficit. Conference on Economic Factors in International Relations RECEIVED— Balance on hand, December 31, 1923 ......... 82.04 Cotttripaniong. is! e Poae ePRoeiit a 550.00 Deficit, December'31; 1924) so. uik.t. dod. 1,214.17 ———— $1,846.21 338 = FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Pain— Administration oo wucieu vecseme wae caret $1,450.00 Office Epensene ni sec wails s ele nauthuaieien 6 348.20 2 RSL Gi UN TR DI oe Tae A eR 48.01 ——__ $1,846.21 The Council has been the means of raising in 1924 just about the same amount for Relief Work as for its own departments, and in addi- tion to this it has promoted the raising of funds for such work of large amounts which went directly to these causes without passing through its Treasury. During other years of the Quadrennium these amounts have been several times as large as in 1924, The problem of adding these responsibilities to that of raising its own budget has not always been easy, but it has been done with reasonable success. SUMMARY OF LEDGER BALANCES December 31, 1924 CaS ere Le ROK ie ECL Aig WOM eaHRE Am fate aU taper ul) 8 ee ee $20,683.00 Accounts Receivable and Supplies ............ceescceee 1,525.38 Amounts due from Regular Departments and carried down into 1925, viz.: Commission on Councils of Churches ....... $7,277.62 Commission on the Church and Social Service 1,050.00 Commission on International Justice and CO WT ee LN AVUe, ots a chalets, Sac eine Pema 4,520.21 Department of Research and Education...... 3,698.76 a ee 16,546.59 Amounts due from Special Departments: Conference on Economic Factors ........... $1,214.17 Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Com- ATLISS ION ass vs ievitukas the Mie er GAL ar uel ape deck ae 1,080.86 ——— 2,295.03 $41,050.00 LIABILITIES— Amounts due to the following Regular Departments: General War-Time Commission ............ 1,575.78 Committee on Goodwill between Jews and Christians, coe Hao same oe ACS otal ete 6,181.33 ee $7,757.11 Amounts due to Special Departments: Committee on Religious Work on the Canal ZONE Te ace esa OU ee ee aU ER Chea tne aad $14,858.98 Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evangel- rcaChurches of) Huropeecis as ase. aod os 8,433.91 a 23,392.89 Cash Balance of Reserve Fund awaiting Investment. . 10,000.00 $41,050.00 The Council owns property, furniture, fixtures, typewriters, manifold machinery and Library appraised at an insurable value of about $28,000. REPORT OF THE TREASURER 339 The accounts have been audited by a certified public ac- countant who attests the correctness of the accounts from the Treasurer’s books. ALFRED R. KIMBALL, Treasurer. FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN AMERICA 105 East 22nd Street, New York City Gentlemen : I have audited the books and accounts of the Treasurer of the Fed- eral Council of the Churches of Christ in America for the year ending December 31, 1924. I hereby certify that the foregoing report of the Receipts and Dis- bursements and summary of Ledger Balances are correct, and that the books of the Council are in agreement therewith. Respectfully submitted, Cuas. R. Query, Certified Public Accountant. March, 1925. i ah ie OM@are 4 : i" \ oh Dy a ne 7] AN ti th iv ek xy jh a RAN hearty: i! ae j ie \ ea, | wien OSs We it ieuberry : } Fe A 8 iy) yar ‘ 7 i i ) ? ive y Veg * I a #7 é h ' i) Pu Lae j Te th “ 7 i 1 t r § x T L , { ! ' iy ty ex i irae if fh tet +7 4, eee iusltele % ye ea Lhe) a ANRIPTTE LOR NS aAy pa Uy eed APPENDICES ye te ee Aa GN ane alah ( ; fl ; vi t ' ‘ 1 ’ i i URE : { My ’ eh : \ ; “a } “ +f ii i ‘ x ; ty, t I - x ‘ ) Ly We ® ‘ a i sh | : f NT ( } } ‘ " ‘ , ' a i j \ i f id : 4 i ; . f . 4 f ; 5 i : ‘ 1 at ce : Wy ir Aeue airy 7 abel aly cee ; } : i , ee: , Bet f, Vy ii yy! ae aa ot i ‘i eB tac oh Ves ie a Lae | ae \ ij vi Fits) ¢ . ’ Bs i ’ 1 \ 4 ] \ ' iy i Hi i i " ‘ " | j ey ‘ : i | \ V | \ f ( / \ ‘ ' i ba ' i ' ¢ " { : i \) a h { | { AN PU es Agata et } i 1 (i ' J Ns f { j , : i ! | ' . t hy) Mi nh i 4 f } ' : et, A / { J i 4 f ihn } wan Pe Ween ri a Pi} i > i 7 fay 4 ' Mh PME \ i 1 | ji } ¢ ont { , fe ‘ i ae i ' Cy ae Pan? a i oP ; ' ‘ 4 ° , Pal a wv fp) Lt se OA SIE D's fall eM an ACT OF INCORPORATION Chapter 131 LAWS OF NEW YORK AN ACT incorporating the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. Became a law April 12, 1924, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, three-fifths being present. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. All such persons as are now or hereafter may become members of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, formed in the city of Philadelphia in the year one thousand nine hundred and eight, or of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia in the year one thousand nine hundred and fifteen, are hereby constituted a body corporate with the name “The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.” § 2. The objects of said corporation shall be, to promote the spirit of fellowship, service and cooperation among the Churches of Christ in America, to secure larger efficiency in their work, to endeavor to prevent their duplication of effort and expenditure and to increase their influence by united action in every department of their operations, at home and abroad. § 3. The said corporation, at any time it shall determine so to do, may elect or appoint such officers, and may adopt such by-laws or regulations in relation to its organization, to the management, disposition and sale of its real or personal prop- erty, to the duties and powers of its officers, and to the man- agement and conduct of its corporate business and affairs as it shall think proper, provided such by-laws or regulations are not inconsistent with the laws of the United States or of this state. § 4. The said corporation shall have power to receive, take and hold any property, real or personal, by virtue of any de- vise, bequest, gift, grant or purchase, either absolutely or in trust, for any of the objects stated in section two, and to make investments of its funds or of the proceeds thereof, subject, however, to the limitations expressed in the laws of this state as to the aggregate amount it may hold of such property, and subject also in respect to bequests from persons residing in 343 344 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST the state of New York, to the provisions of section seventeen of chapter eighteen of the laws of nineteen hundred and nine known as the decedent estate law. And the said corporation shall be competent also to act as trustee in respect to any de- vise, bequest or gift pertaining to any of said objects, and any such trust may continue for such time as may be necessary to accomplish the purposes for which it may be created. § 5. Meetings of the said corporation may be held at such place or places within the United States and at such time or times as the corporation may from time to time determine. § 6. Such corporation shall have all the powers conferred on corporations by the general corporation law and the mem- bership corporation law, which are not inconsistent with the provision of this act. § 7. Robert E. Speer, Howard B. Grose, Charles S. Mac- farland, Alfred R. Kimball, Samuel McCrea Cavert and Landreth H. King, or a majority of them, are hereby author- ized to call the meeting for the organization of the corporation hereby created at such time and place and on such notice as to them or to the majority of them may seem proper, and at such meeting twenty-five shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. § 8. This act shall take effect immediately. STATE OF NEw York, v Hy Office of the Secretary of State, §°~"’ I have compared the preceding with the original law on file in this office, and do hereby certify that the same is a correct transcript there- from and of the whole of said original law. JAMES A. HAMILTON, Secretary of State. CONSTITUTION (Pian of Federation Recommended by The Interchurch Conference of 1905, Adopted by the National Assemblies of Constituent Bodies, 1906-1908, Ratified by the Council at Philadelphia, December 2-8, 1908, Amended at Chicago, December 4-9, 1912, and at St. Louis, December 6-11, 1916; adopted on December 4, 1924, by the Council as incorporated by special act of the Legislature of the State of New York.) PREAMBLE Whereas, In the providence of God, the time has come when it seems fitting more fully to manifest the essential oneness of the Christian churches of America in Jesus Christ as their divine Lord and Saviour, and to promote the spirit of fellowship, service, and cooperation among them, the delegates to the Interchurch Conference on Federation assem- bled in New York City, do hereby recommend the following Plan of ACT OF INCORPORATION, CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 345 Federation to the Christian bodies represented in this Conference for their approval: PLAN OF FEDERATION 1. For the prosecution of work that can be better done in union than in separation a Council is hereby established whose name shall be the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. 2. The following Christian bodies shall be entitled to representation in this Federal Council on their approval of the purpose and plan of the organization: (List of constituent bodies.) 3. The object of this Federal Council shall be: I. To express the fellowship and catholic unity of the Christian Church. II. To bring the Christian bodies of America into united service for Christ and the world. III. To encourage devotional fellowship and mutual counsel concerning the spiritual life and religious activities of the churches. IV. To secure a larger combined influence for the churches of Christ in all matters affecting the moral and social condition of the people, so as to promote the application of the law of Christ in every relation of human life. V. To assist in the organization of local branches of the Federal Coun- cil to promote its aims in their communities. 4 This Federal Council shall have no authority over the constituent bodies adhering to it; but its province shall be limited to the expression of its counsel and the recommending of a course of action in matters of common interest to the churches, local councils, and individual Christians. It has no authority to draw up a common creed or form of government or of worship, or in any way to limit the full autonomy of the Christian bodies adhering to it. 5. Members of this Federal Council shall be appointed as follows: Each of the Christian bodies adhering to this Federal Council shall he entitled to four members, and shall be further entitled to one member for every 50,000 of its communicants or major fraction thereof. Alternates may be chosen and certified to the Council in the same manner and to the same number as members to fill vacancies caused by the death, resigna- tion, or permanent disqualification of members. Such alternates may also attend sessions of the Council in the absence of members and exercise all powers of members as temporary substitutes during such absence. 6. Any action to be taken by this Federal Council shall be by the general vote of its members. But in case one-third of the members pres- ent and voting request it, the vote shall be by the bodies represented, the members of each body voting separately ; and action shall require the vote, not only of a majority of the members voting, but also of the bodies represented. 7. Other Christian bodies may be admitted into membership of this Federal Council on their request if approved by a vote of two-thirds of the members voting at a session of this Council, and of two-thirds of the bodies represented, the representatives of each body voting separately. 346 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST 8. The Federal Council shall meet once in every four years and the term of service of the members or their alternates shall be four years or until their successors shall be appointed. Special meetings may be called by the Executive Committee. 9. Section a. The officers of this Federal Council shall be a President, one Vice-President from each of its constituent bodies, a Recording Sec- retary, a Treasurer, and an Executive Committee, who shall perform the duties usually assigned to such officers. Vacancies among the Vice- Presidents or in the Executive Committee may be filled by the Executive Committee on nomination by the representatives on the Executive Com- mittee of the constituent body in which the vacancy may occur. Section b. The General Secretary and other secretaries of the Council except the Recording Secretary shall be chosen by the Executive Com- mittee, which shall have authority to fix their duties and their salaries, and they shall aid in organizing and assisting local Councils and shall represent the Federal Council in its work under the direction of the Executive Committee. SECTION c. The Executive Committee shall consist of two representa- tives from each of the constituent bodies, preferably one minister and one layman, and one additional representative for every 500,000 of its com- municants or major fraction thereof, who may be either a minister or lay- man, together with the President, all ex-Presidents, the Recording Secre- tary, and the Treasurer. The Executive Committee shall have authority to attend to all business of the Federal Council in the intervals of its meetings and to fill all vacancies, except that it shall not have power to make any amendments to the Constitution or to the By-laws. It shall meet for organization at the call of the President of the Council imme- diately upon the adjournment of the Federal Council, and shall have power to elect its own officers. Section d. All officers shall be chosen at the quadrennial meetings of the Council and shall hold their offices until their successors take office. Section e. The President, the Recording Secretary, and the Treasurer shall be elected by the Federal Council on nomination by the Executive Committee, but nominations may be made from the floor of the Council by any member at the time of the election. Section f. The Vice-Presidents and members of the Executive Com- mittee and their alternates shall be elected by the Council upon nomina- tion by the representatives in attendance of each of their respective con- stituent bodies. 10. The expenses of the Federal Council shall be provided for by the several constituent bodies. (The following paragraphs were recommended by Interchurch Confer- ence of 1905, adopted by national assemblies of constituent bodies, 1906- 1908.) 11. This Plan of Federation may be altered or amended by a majority vote of the members, followed by a majority vote of the representatives of the several constituent bodies, each voting separately. Amendments to this plan shall be reported officially to the several constituent churches. ACT OF INCORPORATION, CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 347 BY-LAWS (Adopted at the meeting of the Federal Council (incorporated) at Atlanta, Ga., December 4, 1924.) ArTICLE I. ENROLLMENT _ The Recording Secretary and the Secretary, or Secretaries for admin- istrative service, or a Committee, to whom this duty may be assigned by the Executive Committee, shall make up the roll of the members in the Council from the certificates of the proper officers of the bodies compos- ing the Council, and no one not thus certified shall be enrolled. The Council shall determine any question arising as to the validity of the certificates. ArticLte II, Quorum A quorum consists of two or more delegates from each of a majority of the bodies entitled to representation. Articte III. Orrtcers Section 1. The officers of the Council are a President, one Vice- President representing each of the bodies represented in the Council, a Recording Secretary, a Treasurer and Secretaries for administrative service, and such associates and assistants as the Executive or Adminis- trative Committee may appoint. Section 2. The President, the Vice-Presidents, the Recording Secre- tary and the Treasurer shall be elected at each regular meeting. The Secretaries for administrative service shall be elected by the Executive Committee, or the Administrative Committee subject to approval of the Executive Committee. Vacancies may be filled by the Administrative Committee until the next meeting of the Executive Committee. Section 3. Presidents and Vice-Presidents are not eligible for imme- diate re-election. Section 4. (a) The President shall preside at meetings of the Council. In case of his absence, or disability, one of the Vice-Presidents, to be designated by the Council, shall serve. (b) The President shall appoint the members of committees and of commissions, unless it is otherwise ordered, after consultation with denominational authorities. Section 5. The Treasurer, the Secretaries and such officers as the Executive Committee may appoint shall be subject to the direction of the Execttti ive Committee. Section 6. The Treasurer shall give such security for the faithful performances of his duties as the Executive Committee may direct. The Executive Committee, either directly or through the Administra- tive Committee, shall have power to appoint such other fiscal officers as it may deem advisable and to designate their respective relations and duties the bond which they shall give. Section 7. Each officer holds office from the time of his election until the next regular meeting, and until his successor is elected, except that the Treasurer holds office until the close of the fiscal year. Section 8. Officers elected by the Council are during their term of office ex-officio members of the Council. 348 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST ARTICLE IV. ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE Section 1. An Administrative Committee shall be constituted by the Council through the Executive Committee as follows: (a) Of one delegate of each of the bodies composing the Council, nominated by the proper authorities of the bodies represented. (b) Of one representative of each agency of organized Christianity which by action of the Executive Committee may become enrolled as in affiliation, cooperation, or consultative relations with the Council. (c) Of the Chairmen of Commissions. (d) Of members at large, not more than fifteen in num- ber, who are themselves members of the bodies composing the Council. Section 2. The functions and powers of the Administrative Com- mittee are: (a) To carry out the policies of the Council and of the Executive Committee. (b) To maintain close relations between the Council and the bodies which comprise it and the other interdenominational agencies representing the Churches and their Boards. (c) To represent the Council between its meetings both by utterance and by action in harmony with the purposes of the Council and of its cooperating organizations. (d) To supervise and direct the activities of Secretaries, Committees, Commissions and other agencies of the Council. (ce) To represent, in harmony with the policies of the Council, the common mind of the Churches comprising the Council in friendly relations with the Churches of other lands. (f) To report in writing its doings to the meetings of the Council and of the Executive Committee for review with recommenda- tions relating to further procedure and policy. Section 3. The Administrative Committee shall meet on the second Friday of each month, unless otherwise voted, with provision for special meetings. ARTICLE V. COMMITTEES The Council may appoint Committees on Enrollment, on Law, on Busi- ness, on Nominations, on Resolutions, and on such other matters as it may from time to time determine. ArticLE VI. ComMMISSIONS Section 1. The Council, or the Executive Committee, may establish Commissions and Standing Committees to further the general purposes of the Council within specified fields of activity. _ Section 2. The Commissions and Standing Committees shall be sub- ject to the Administrative Committee and shall report to it and through it to the Executive Committee and to the Council. ArTIcLE VII. MEETINGS Section 1. Regular meetings of the Council shall be held quadren- nially on the first Wednesday in December, unless otherwise voted by the Council, Executive Committee or Administrative Committee, at such place and hour as may be determined by the Administrative Committee. ACT OF INCORPORATION, CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 349 SEcTION 2. Special meetings may be called by the Administrative Com- mittee to consider only such matters as may be specified in the notice of the meetings. Section 3. A postpaid notice mailed to a delegate and addressed to his last known place of residence shall constitute a notice of the meeting. ArticLteE VIII. AMENDMENTS These By-laws may be amended at a regular meeting of the Council by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting, provided (1) notice of the proposed amendment shall have been given at a preceding meeting of the Council, or (2) such amendment shall have been recom- mended by the Executive Committee or by the Administrative Committee. II : OFFICERS OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL, 1924-1928 Bisuop E. R. HENpriIx A : Dean SHAILER MATHEWS Foren | Presidents: oon kt cluialnie als opis wie ive Rey. Frank Mason NortH Dr. Ropert E. SPEER PFEMAGRE nails cstetiicsie Micaut ceca lens Cah NaN os Rev. S. Parkes CADMAN Hanorary’ Secretary. us cou vais Re elaweagialsietaits Rey. Exrtas B. SANForRD REEOTOURG “SECT ELAN pian Wiiisievbinnaieinie eS uemanie Slee Rey. Rivincton D. Lorp FF ONO OED LF EOSUTET che cunt pays aleieiai shan ssealnbaten ine. ne aie ALFRED R. KIMBALL TLEQSUTER is Pic's Westone Lente emits Lice SMI Eter a aie, orci eles Frank H. Mann General Secretary ee ese aa ca ote wiela tte Rev. CHarites S. MACFARLAND CRHETUL NS RETELAPV So oun Blow ignte uote -,Rev. SAMUEL McCrea CAVERT Executive Committee, 1924-1928 Car aed iis oles Viae Cie are rece ee ee tale aig ela anurans BisHop JoHN M. Moore Rey. CLARENCE A. BARBOUR Vice-Chatrinen 2) i Ou Oe ae Fara ee Rev. JOHN BALTZER Rev. L. K. WILLIAMS Recordings Seer etary iiss mua Ware stare stale le Rey. Rivincton D. Lorp Administrative Committee CHAU MON ENs AN Ee aire aera ats aha iss Rev. Joon A. Margulis Rev. Joun W. LANGDALE VCE CROW ME ee Te ee oe ela ele he ale eae Mrs. JOHN FERGUSON Cuartes S. CrosMAN Revording | Secrvesary iu iniadisiisics cameaena ee Rey. Rivincton D. Lorp Vice-Presidents Northern Baptist Convention Milliken, Hon. Carl E., Custom House, Portland, Me. National Baptist Convention Bryant, Rev. P. James, 402 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta, Ga. Free Baptist Churches Webb, Hon. Lindley M., 396 Congress Street, Portland, Me. Christian Church Coffin, Rev. Frank G., 406 East Daniel Street, Albany, Mo. Churches of God in N. A. (General Eldership) Guyer, Rev. W. H., Findlay, Ohio Congregational Churches Potter, Rev. Rockwell H., Center Church House, Hartford, Conn. Disciples of Christ Burnham, Rev. F. W., 425 De Baliviere Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Evangelical Church Maze, Bishop M. T., 1924 Green Street, Harrisburg, Pa. Evangelical Synod of North America Menzel, Rev. Paul A., 2951 Tilden Street, Washington, D. C. Friends Jones, Prof. Rufus M., Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. Methodist Episcopal Church Wilson, Bishop Luther B., 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Methodist Episcopal Church, South Moore, Bishop John M., 1308 Commerce Street, Dallas, Texas 350 PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 351 African Methodist Episcopal Church Ransom, Bishop Reverdy C., 1721 Scovel Street, Nashville, Tenn. African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Kyles, Bishop L. W., 1612 East 14th Street, Winston-Salem, N. C. Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in America Phillips, Bishop C. H., 10828 Drexel Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio Methodist Protestant Church Lewis, Rev. T. H., 2844 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D. C. Primitive Methodist Church Humphries, Rev. Elijah, Billerica Center, Mass. Moravian Church Moench, Bishop C. L., 116 S. Virginia Avenue, Atlantic City, N. J. Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Marquis, Rev. John A., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Presbyterian Church in the U. Ag Wells, Rev. John M., Sumter, S. C. Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity and Depariment of Christian Social Service Brent, Rt. Rev. Charles H., 237 North Street, Buffalo, N. Y. Reformed Church in America Kuizenga, Rev. John E., 4 East 14th Street, Holland, Mich. Reformed Church in the United States Leinbach, Rev. Paul S., 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Reformed Episcopal Church Dager, Rev. Forrest E., 3618 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Seventh Day Baptist Churches Bond, President S. O., Salem, W. Va. United Brethren in Christ Kephart, Bishop C. J., 3936 Harrison Street, Kansas City, Mo. United Presbyterian Church McGill, Rev. D. F., 317 Home Avenue, Bellevue, Pa. (Montgomery, Rev. J. Knox, alternate for Dr. McGill) MEMBERS OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL Northern Baptist Convention Allison, Prof. William H...... Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y. Abernethy, Mrss)Wi.S....c:s.00 «sigan 715 16th Street, Washington, D. C. Anderson, Prot, FL... 169 Homer Street, Newton Center, Mass. Anthony, Rev. Alfred Williams..105 E. 22nd Street, New York City Ashworth, Rev. Robert A........ 45 Bayley Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y. Peace eOOts Test, ite. ss dames 300 Alexander Street, Rochester, N. Y. TALOce keV ope) (eo s. sarees 459 Marlborough Road, Yonkers, N. Y. Brink: Rew Goin. :. cern ealee 1701 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Coleman, Mrs. G. W. ...... 177 W. Brookline Street, Boston, Mass. Padnces Pres: WH: PSone) Brown University, Providence, aug Franklin, eve ds, ED oiin Pee aeaNe 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City Gordon, PAD Eye. OS, 23 Norwood Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. Gramineres GAUDy oR Bates College, Lewiston, Me. Grose, Rev. Howard B.......... 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City Hanleyinevidiow Al 2. aol First Baptist Church, Berkeley, Cal. Leyy) dhevai ei Avs. coekitan 40 Bartlett Avenue, Pittsfield, Mass. Lawsonuri ew sA Ibert, G. Remeber i. ee ete Meredith, N. Y. Lord, Rev. Rivington D....Hotel Mohawk, Washington and Greene Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y. ME Ot tena ke bi», se a 3407 Fifth Street, Des Moines, Iowa Mathews, Dean Shailer........ University of Chicago, Chicago, III. 352 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Milliken: (Hons Goehy Minin as ines eCustom House, Portland, Me. Montgomery, Mrs. W. A....144 Dartmouth Street, Rochester, N. Y. Moores (Rev. ohm wn oer 29 Macon Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Pla DOY METS)! FEU WV gi eaeh ee CU DOA Creve as Ue og Bloat Beverly, Mass. Rhees, Pres. Rush......... 440 University Avenue, Rochester, N. Y. Richardson WW a Goa oni yeni oisi cone ene AN 26 Broadway, New York City Sears tren Gy FAG 4 wale alieebety 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City tiwell, tev Pre bu iien wuke vcale at 1142 Schofield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio White; Revi ho eat aiien 136 Sigourney Street, Hartford, Conn. Wihite a ReveaQi Ta nu ane wien 23 East 26th Street, New York City Wishart, Rev. A. W....Fountain St. Baptist Church, Grand Rapids, Mich. National Baptist Convention BOOKER TAR OVS hel Phe Vict oe nent crmaens Baptist College, Little Rock, Ark. Bowren, Rev. W. A. ...... 1060 Washington Blvd., Kansas City, Kan. BTA ys OVE Bust vera e OI AL 441 Monroe Avenue, Detroit, Mich. Brow, Revi WiiWii ae 143 West 13lst Street, New York City Bryant ors Peipames tit ey usa aue 402 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta, Ga. Burdett) Revi JRE. Ae 807 Andrews Street, Houston, Texas Gaston Rey hLi Liaise weer anu aes 4348 Bell Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Clery De Crt RE) une vane 70014 W. Ninth Street, Little Rock, Ark. COSEV ROL A Aroha MIU Rt a erg nC Ro Vicksburg, Miss. Butler, Reve 0) Cae al ia Howe Institute, Memphis, Tenn. ATOMS VINO Eee ens ier re alge 2010 E. 11th Street, Kansas City, Mo. Goodrame; Reva .\(Wiiuiae wise 6 1533 Sixth Avenue, Birmingham, Ala. Gralain jun enl ViRE al Dicey 1631 Christian Street, Philadelphia, Pa. rg Ys Yd Bi eta i A eM NMRA og ge At sg TDN Memphis, Tenn. Haynes, Rev. William......... 412 Fourth Avenue, Nashville, Tenn. Hendersomy Revolt tiv -itaianea > 328 Patton Street, Knoxville, Tenn. LOMO Way Loe Wi yinin lee cea telertatiare aa eile ah enn sta) alana Box 287, Helena, Ark. Hrudson, rote y Ray Bis ok! ane dep ion a, 1 oh lpia P. O. Box 455, Selma, Ala. Tsaae) Rey seu VV OLR ie Weel aiey 409 Gray Street, Nashville, Tenn. TA RISORY JOO VE Laat Mmaulie ul auras 1605 Lapsley Avenue, Selma, Ala. Jernagin, Rev. W. H....1341 Third Street N.W., Washington, D.C. Johnson, Rev. A. M..308 W. California Street, Oklahoma City, Okla. OTe REV Tire Laima ara 726 W. Walnut Street, Louisville, Ky. FUSER TOV gd ie culate cole aa iM Le tee Houston College, Houston, Texas Lovelace. Reve Vy Baa, Unne oae chew a ite Box 387, Wynne, Ark. McNeal, Rev. George........ 1816 N. 3rd Street, Kansas City, Kan. Moses!) Revi i WV ei Ebay la cis decal 35 East 125th Street, New York City DEOSIOM ORLOV: | ca LU, eipnaidalareinlalis 4333 West Bell Place, St. Louis, Mo Le pan ag eR Ba A UA HO ah TT APRON 847 South 6th Street, Louisville, Ky. Robinson, Rev. G. W...... 1009 West 12th Street, Des Moines, lowa edit: Cale BLD ORAS DR pe ori HOR RMP ORNS AA 9 Se North Holly Street, Helena, Ark. Stevens, Rev. George E......... 4265 Finney Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Steward Wy Pest dae 608 South 5th Street, Louisville, Ky. Vhomas) Rev, TiAl iiecueln dau, 1717 Benson Avenue, Evanston, Ill. Westbrook, Rev. B. J. F..520 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Ind. White, Rev. Thomas H........ 456 York Street, Jersey City, N. J. Willams?) Rev... Wee greed: 735 West 9th Street, Cincinnati, Ohio Wilson, Rev. E. Arlington....2813 Thomas Avenue, Dallas, Texas NA icrepere er Ali Deets i caning ae 383 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta, Ga. Williams (REVO L. Wore aes ok 3115 South Park Avenue, Chicago, Ill. PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL ‘ie: Sie Free Baptist Churches Anthony, Rev. Alfred Williams, 105 East 22nd Street, New York City Lord, Rev. Rivington D., Hotel Mohawk, Washington and Greene ‘Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y. McDonaid, Presi Henry ate ante eee Harper’s Ferry, W. Va. Mauck, Dr. Joseph W.......... 173 Hillsdale Street, Hillsdale, Mich. Mosher, Rev. George F........ 107 Howland Street, Roxbury, Mass. Siatvasmeve vi momas tice ua asieiiee Ce cats Sandwich Center, N. H. Christian Church Sitieyer Revo Wye Vine aicg c Ce erulee tremens tie Lock Box 144, Suffolk, Va. PEIISOTE REVO CS re ce ahs Meter etatdl hatatelghe weal Elon College, N. C. Comin i rese: pordink (5 oe 406 East Daniel Street, Albany, Mo. Slmnier pel, eve Martyn 6s era a a) Lakemont, N. Y. Barete BRev We Meee is wk os ene aly gh gat he wrettu eal Dayton, Ohio Alternates ICAL REV PMU ese. cic chy Rist ee te cele a ee ees ste Lakemont, N. Y. SArPeHt PREV LVWinihae ue oie t 215 Bucklin Street, Providence, R. I. ee EA RANE Se adil fe El | Oe Wa A LY A bay al |... Versailles, Ohio SISUIOE UN VIN RN eT EN oud Cannes eras Rh, oe eigha hata Si ene, Milford, N. J. DITTO VAL aca, Ln aie ae La gata MLO MUM LMAT ary Ce Norfolk, Va. RGtr se REV a om sty eit i eiotsiesare tics ane CoP AV Bidg... Dayton: ‘Ohio Churches of God in N. A. (General Eldership) A pdeenantign ewe ey Loe ec. ces oie siete 205 Frazer Street, Findlay, Ohio Guyer Reve Waimea ie keer re Findlay College, Findlay, Ohio TACT et EN RR AT ZN Cr Seiitate ls erate at anes Wis, ies a.) ate Nhe Columbia City, Ind. TOD MAN OVLaLE Can Reiiiel oe (oy') bys ReRCle o areal pret Ashe etatas dst Shippensburg, Pa. Alternates PS VICT ROR mR hua s 3 fs icunichs tiie vis SPR sik Nia shar Abas OucabMistiat Reels Conrad, Iowa be AES 35/14 FMA Se Sc ZUG a A A West Newton, Pa. SNUALTE ERMAN Cron Bhs Si an aN Le ro NN AN Ba Harrisburg, Pa. Ls Ere get olay WA | CN AA aR BE My 3 703 Liberty Street, Franklin, Pa. Congregational Churches Axton: Colney pohn’ DT i iise ea eae Office of Chief of Chaplains, Washington, D. C Burton, Rev. Charles E........ 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City Cobleigh, Rolfe........ The Congregationalist, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. GONPAU REV UA ZL oc Sots pibisieiera ae Park Street Church, Boston, Mass Davis, aE a is. Hho) te hana 327 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio LAV OV WV) ELs sou mae ees aera 25 Court Street, Bridgeport, Conn. Dewey eve. bose 500 Groveland Avenue, Minneapolis, Minn. Emerson, Rev. Chester B........ 820 Blaine Avenue, Detroit, Mich. Fagley, Rey To Oeiias 289 Fourth Avenue, New York Cit Perry onirs) vrrank Sr rie: 391 Sheridan Road, Winnetka, Ill. Fox? Rev DiF ii 7 993 North Madison Avenue, Pasadena, Cal. Gammon, Rev. R. W........ 19 South La Salle Street, Chicago, II. Hawkins, Rev. Chauncey........ 1812 Federal Avenue, Seattle, Wash. Jones, David P...... 236 McKnight Boulevard, Minneapolis, Minn. Maurersev. Irving sist be. 846 College Street, Beloit, Wis. Moulton Pres, W. Jie censiee eae 331 Hammond Street, Bangor, Me. Nicholontinercsl oy Rose Sh Ne. |... 1640 Farwell Avenue, Chicago, II. Potter, Rev. Rockwell J....Center Church House, Hartford, Conn. 354 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Proctorg Revinh. prtines coe nes 1597 Pacific Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Snosthy |, Bred Buncssebin te teres 105 East 22nd Street, New York City Stafford, Rev. Russell H.... Pilgrim Cong’l Church, St. Louis, Mo. Warner, Mrs. Franklin H., 30 Ridgeview Avenue, White Plains, N. Y. Disciples of Christ MA DbOtt MeV eke Uatee Heath mae a ate 2712 Pine Street, St. Louis, Mo. Ainslie, Rev. Peter........ 504 North Fulton Avenue, Baltimore, Md. Burnham Revision Venn as 425 De Baliviere Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Campbell, Rev. George A., Union Avenue Christian Church, St. Louis, Mo. Gastlaberryy even juo pci nai 1116 Cypress Avenue, Cincinnati, O. Chilton}, Revi CoM pnt aa 917 Faraon Street, St. Joseph, Mo. Cory, Rev. A. E....Gordon Street Christian Church, Kinston, N. C. CrossneldiuRey, hy id cece suas ee 1610 Colonial Avenue, Norfolk, Va. TOWELS CONTE AVON slain eae 1313 Denniston Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. Frank, Rev. R. Graham....Central Christian Church, Dallas, Texas Golden, Rev. John R........ 236 North Edward Street, Decatur, Ill. Goldner, Rev. J. H.. Euclid Avenue Christian Church, Cleveland, Ohio FLOOVEr AV Vg) ELA eee Fibs bon de Rae ee eI ER NeREM IE Ieee North Canton, Ohio Hantal Revs Ray Boece ate ivid lous First Christian Church, Lincoln, Neb. Idleman, Revi. Minis io je. ad 142 West 8lst Street, New York City Jones, Rev. Edgar D...... Central Christian Church, Detroit, Mich. TORS AU IRAN ee Rye sll Une Ma omen 601 R. A. Long Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. Main, Frank H....Pennsylvania Bldg., 15th and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. MecGash) ‘Pres. Ui Naini, 3 Phillips University, East Enid, Okla. Medbury MREV Ce Sik uaa eile University Station, Des Moines, Iowa Pratenardy) Rev ba iQ ena 222 Downey Avenue, Indianapolis, Ind. Rothenbureers VRE vi We ee UM an Re hea Springfield, Ill. Rode MN Waa cm I CAR Ta aay Belleaire, Ohio TAvIOreee TOT NAL Val! Widen on 821 Occidental Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind. Welle ite INCH CL Mew a 4708 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, Texas Wilfley, Rev. Earl .......... 1483 Harvard Street, Washington, D. C. Willett, Rev. Herbert L....77 West Washington Street, Chicago, Il. Alternates DAV REDE GREW iii) Ohid.c mie Rien ant ei niebol ule Mena aM Columbus, Ind. Kershner, Rev. F. O....263 South Audubon Road, Indianapolis, Ind. Morgannev. Carey Haast 325 22nd Avenue N, Nashville, Tenn. Borne, Rev. John: McD... 2.0.04 307 East Main Street, Lebanon, Ind. Bateshae res, Miner) Dore ieee oe invades duabele UE «ot aos Hiram, Ohio Agee, Rev. Carl.. Roosevelt Blvd. and 10th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. GobbeyoyRev. Cowulir, . iu gies Mean c skates 5 prante mene Nancie. Bethany, Neb. Wraite devi EMU pihaee we haies, ssh. See OE® VOTO tne exec g Cdackson, Vii Palmer oie hau va cn 2712 Pine Street, St. Louis, Mo. Melton, Rev. B. H........ 3615 McComb Avenue, Washington, D. C. Gordon, Rev. F. M........ 69 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Linville: Wey. Bo Hic vp eee: 3400 Copley Road, Baltimore, Md. Wisavaenen, Tillis, Ms eeshie kh oe 227 Richmond Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. Rilew alr Gae Wo as oi 9, at 14 East 31st Street, New York City Lindsay Samuel) Bay ciate fee 8: 1315 Genesee Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y. WilliasiisipeviiM ly Wain, .o ye Rie. ca eae Carmel, N. Y. Winterpmercl: Boil eee 1884 East 81st Street, Cleveland, Ohio MaclachlaniiRev, \HaoDaiCe pi ak (OG 5 een eres Richmond, Va. Wiatson Revels: Morne sd eth 2223 Marin Avenue, Berkeley, Cal. Hunley 4 Revi iB occa od ae a Richmond, Va. PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 355 WVelsrmer PREV EISELE hose habla sin ask clot afe od Stars la Whe obi’ Canton, Ohio Batman ihe LaiGs ge. 1643 Elm Street, Youngstown, Ohio Goodnight’) ReviiGloydw yt 208. Pao UA ee tly Bethany, W. Va. Morrison, “RevirC.nGiy 22: 440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. Philputt, Rev. A. B....1330 North Jersey Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Wirby (tact Miia er, re soaes os aides 43 Jewatt Parkway, Buffalo, N. Y. Stauffer, Rev. C. R....412 Seventh Street N.E., Washington, D. C. Bagman BOM ei isuidc bet ates ws 1 West 67th Street, New York City Friends aa ODE bean avgelel at ki Sk lee sail 265 Morris Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Woodward, Dr. Walter C...... 101 South 8th Street, Richmond, Ind. Wallenberg) Vel) T el AL Sta AUN Se DUR Seis En apa mom High Point, N. C. Stanley vnrodmimned ; wines! e'.isik 1813 University Avenue, Wichita, Kan. Haworth), Protesson;Samuels lo. Biv nee, Guilford College, N. C. Hackney, Dr. Francis C.... Volunteer Life Bldg., Chattanooga, Tenn. Alternates Piarold, . Mersan Marya... Yeu. sec 550 East Broadway, Danville, Ind. RAN. EU CMGCIE EMIS IN 2s. . cei olal ure iursey eh acateth «Ad Wilmington, Ohio COR LO APAW Let Ont sal acuia't stein hg creed mans ie nU High Point, N. C. WVITOT NCAR IBet De cr aa fry). Qk sae era! o PEMA ede Oskaloosa, Iowa Plaricn Lindieya t poge s son. it 1448 Spring Place, Washington, D. C. OMAP SMUD MMIM oes ia alnl of Uitte bas ons Earlham College, Earlham, Ind. Evangelical Synod of North America Baltzery Rev. vlOGMi o5e.. te ot. cie 2013 St. Louis Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. BSYUNMS SCV EEF iss ciaa «0.» 1300 East Fayette Street, Baltimore, Md. POCKER REV Pree Ei. cs wale antite 2021 Milan Street, New Orleans, La. Horstmann, Rev. J. H..... 1716-18 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. NW Sa brele Sar aigb ecto.) Ld RR een 674 South High Street, Columbus, Ohio BLOCREL SRE Vo UT Ge VV. sellers slats o's SayeIENIM Ss indy, «'n: «cians Steubenville, Ohio Niebuhr, Rev. Reinhold........ 2726 Lothrop Avenue, Detroit, Mich. Presa) Merges Lone le. itt 129 Bonipart Street, Webster Grove, Mo. Cleat: Dever 1. Ue iy os wey st 116 Lower 6th Street, Evansville, Ind. Evangelical Church Breyiogel bishop 'o. C.. 6 vlease kee 836 Center Avenue, Reading, Pa. DiNlans Dishonest on 11711 Cromwell Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio DEVE, ROVE hee tare ¢ aon itis 1903 Woodland Avenue S.E., Cleveland, Ohio Kimmel, Dr. G. B....Pres. Evangelical Theo. Sem., Naperville, Il. MAZEL OISHOTY ML fends aa ae om 1924 Green Street, Harrisburg, Pa. en Dee st SHO La EN. ene hte ge us Bk cc ee NT Le Mars, Iowa SPLCHo,. BIsHOD OS. bo saee 106 Columbia Avenue, Naperville, Ill. Meckel, Rev. T. C...... 1903 Woodland Avenue S.E., Cleveland, Ohio Hangen, Rey. A. E.......; 1903 Woodland Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio Alternates PLETE LORT Poe he aie ate gots 10 North Clark Street, Chicago, Il. Curryrev:' 10° QO. Agee rte: 122 Locust Street, Scalp Level, Pa. Lilly, Rev. H. C..2125 Union Street, Hamilton Park, Allentown, Pa. Osttothnenevv Ds Coens ee eee 1127 North Wahsatch Avenue, Colorado Springs, Col. Methodist Episcopal Church Anderson, Bishop W. F.......... 581 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. Berhypeshop Jails... s sisters eeu oe 930 48th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Blake, Bishop Edgar.......... 4 rue Roquepine VIII, Paris, France Hughes, Bishop FE. H...... 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, IIl. 356 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Jones Bishop Roberti bei acres eas. ea Box 103, Waveland, Miss. Leonard dBishopivAcliw eae eens 202 Morris Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. McConnell, Bishop Francis J...... 524 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. MeéadseBishopii Cs ein ae 1839 York Street, Denver, Col. McDowell, Bishop W. F..2107 Wyoming Avenue, Washington, D. C. Nicholson, Bishop Thomas....34 E. Elizabeth Street, Detroit, Mich. Nuelsen, Bishop John L....Hinterbergstrasse 82, Zurich, Switzerland Richardson, Bishop E. G........ Ponce de Leon Avenue, Atlanta, Ga. ‘Lhirkield bishop) Wilbur. Pusey sen au sels Chattanooga, Tenn. Waldorf.’ Bishop} Halo auoi is 1121 McGee Street, Kansas City, Mo. Wilson, Bishop Luther B......... 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Abbott, Rev. B. F....208 North mee vay Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Ba como evince Bass cnttuetuastry Glennie eves CoA Indianapolis, Ind. Beebe. Rev. TA Ay fie ie “Vernon Street, Boston, Mass. LS ColN MIN SU ROMS BAC EE a a 504 Whitley Avenue, New Haven, Conn. Boswellti Revi Me vis sk ie 20 North 50th Street, Philadelphia, ee Bovard, ‘Revi; W. Si.....4. 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, II. BrammitioRev oan ; ol gues can sae 740 Rush Street, Chicago, Ill. CAE Rebar Maen Gea ane ole American University, Washington, D. C. Conner LEV AuVV et Baan taia te Menaul The King Edward, Pittsburgh, Pa. Diffendorfer, Rev. Ralph E....... 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City DOWNEY, eve ie Gone ye hs ieee 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Elliott; Rev.) Georgee. 20s Vaan 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City EB leer itrg EVR OW OE raetee seeks tebe aie ane Baker University, Baldwin, Kan. Rorsyth); RevcD: ‘De avuiiuies Arch and 17th Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Guthrie (Rev: Charlest Hig. o iio Wena cela eitaile ls isang ge Syracuse, N. Y. Haven, Rev. William I...Bible House, Astor Place, New York City Frankhn: (Rey, DMG re se a 611 East Easton Street, Tulsa, Okla. Plattinan UR eve ie tae ee 581 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. Pushes Rew VW ALG oie oe 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Piingeley VRevn ys aie uve aaaner es 1101 Garland Bldg., Chicago, II. Kane (Rev IVS uM a et aU. 530 East Highland Street, Carthage, Mo. BSE) EVA ES OURS cote eit ac emir. ha ae AeA Winfield, Kan. Langdale, Rev. J. W. My uN dbibigetdaryc, 962 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. LAP Maney. (ENS aii Gleick 321 West 3rd Street, Los Angeles, Cal. Madsen, Rev. H. K....3255 14th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minn. Macmullen, Rev. Wallace........ 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City MEAVEGLY, TUCVy boa Mion eisieniinnion 4 ee 420 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio Meyer Rey ihc. ocean. 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City ET Se PEREY ES. PRs ee atisyeluly warslien are cietone Artisans Bldg., Portland, Ore. BNO) I So DS MI TE a ld 101 Comstock Place, Syracuse, N. Y. DANISH REVS Cl Unni eid Montgomery County, Hatboro, Pa. Murhin Revi Lo Ei aru) sae ats Boston University, Boston, Mass. IMHERCIN REY. Viton rect rm Gee 825 Vine Street, Chattanooga, Tenn. North, Rev. Frank Mason......... 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Pareingyney,. Prank’ bn ee cise 701 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Tice OB ied er ane 158 Middlesex Avenue, Medford, Mass. Spencer-(hev. Cj Boialed Ge 1121 McGee Street, Kansas City, Mo. Spencer, Rev. George H......... 12 Bosworth Street, Boston, Mass. Storms rev. Ay) Bis wuiauiice ih Baldwin Wallace College, Berea, Ohio StuantaceviiG i Mowyeites i wey oa) ee 621 Foster Street, Evanston, Il. Sumwalt) Revi J.’W. Ri oe... 5900 McGee Street, Kansas City, Mo. ik HOMNsSOne UReV:) | JON ie Asie eoadad 740 Rush Street, Chicago, IIl. Tipple ev B.S ola wsts Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J. atthe spewed, Fes Bie Cae Rae i) co's lis aie lal lo bi et aha Evanston, IIl. Wade Regt Ro) cece «amen Bea, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, Ill. Wallace Rew J. Fico ein dda 524 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL § - 357 Wallenius, Rev. C. G...... Swedish Theological Sem., Evanston, III. Vareiiey eve a WG ien sort eee 420 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio * Watson, Rev. E, L...... Roland Park M, E. Church, Baltimore, Md.. WEEGer te y ER VNR ou cle erstebidy we icwitdle’s ais ce one Greensboro, N. C. "WiSOt, TNs ete Wie Do cha oa American Bible Society, Atlanta, Ga. VINE RAY Uae ryan che aias wash anon cine ac ce «Ooe git Columbus, Ohio XOUNTIOO REV, Wow Wow csc aee sek Artisans Bldg., Portland, Oreg. AOE AVAL Giaie ole ae ire aed. 740 Rush Street, Chicago, II]. PSE LL SEMMRIN CNET IAES Ps tcc! od sus tecds wie! ee) date nee aces aoe Re oe Minneapolis, Minn. AOI SICLOI EL UPS rT a. wu sala ies dela wie aik @ o.5 eK Westerville, Ohio Pa a RT ee pice WY A ll a 24 East 25th Street, Baltimore, Md. ELM TORO TA ATIEOUCL A wie bcss.gg ace eee Welsla ee oan a's Marblehead, Mass. Dixon, George W.......... 426 South Fifth Avenue, Chicago, Ill. DRORTOUE. DREW Pa Fe ily ald > 6 7 City Hall Avenue, San Francisco, Cal. to SEL E id AO) Kem ep ta ale eR le A ee 52 Central Street, Gardner, Mass. TEITOET AL eae cw lee eistchce | 1057 Summit Avenue, North, Seattle, Wash. PetSCHIP Cat (CRE nto ua lor, eel tg ae 649 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. PIATTis sat TVVGe ce ers sees 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City PARR Lee cok use Mere, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. ATS NE ee CE ek ed On 1 28, ly NRL 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Benne Ca WW ee arti 1012 A. M. B. Bldg., Jacksonville, Fla. BACK) SOs sks cic ny as 1105 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio NE OSICH ATI hh Cen eee ae. 4 Vie iia ue’ cides! so se eee Baldwin, Kan. PORES ti Ga SLC TORU Nit ies aie-arqaree Uae Cec OMT a ae St. Louis, Mo. ARO VS VV trent erste ea DM rate leh tes deems Ocean City, No: Mister Lontube avs bse we 347 Madison Avenue, New York City vs RE MORES we Ba SNORE Mr Hotel Bossert, Brooklyn, N. Y. RCMGE VW ELLTATIN cme cool alee selene fs 20 Sargent Street, Newton, Mass. Sa PAN eee UE cos sual biciesratety ate 141 Broadway, New York City oeOp abe Caled Ah A a JL Nes dpa di a A AZ ASS ct York, Neb. Uae VEE Tet eg i ee 91 ney RRR ng BAD A SAE es ARNG 2 Pasadena, Cal. Wheeler, Harry A., Union Trust Company, 7 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. Methodist Episcopal Church—South Ainsworth, Bishop W. N. ....... 109 Hines Terrace, Macon, Ga. Boaz, Bishop H. A. ..... Southern M. E. University, Dallas, Texas Cannon, Bishop James, Jr. ...... 50 Bliss Bldg., Washington, D. C. Moore, Bishop Pohn Mii owas 1308 Commerce Street, Dallas, Texas Murrah, Bishop Ww 2B 1615 Central Avenue, Memphis, Tenn. Babcock, Rev. S. H. ..1820 West 17th Street, Oklahoma City, Okla. Bland, SOTA MAUR, SIDE CN SIU cach es Uk gnaahlae dP OU Troy, Ala. Branscomb, evst Ls GivGns Wega oe. First Church, Anniston, Ala. Bulla, Rev. C. D. ....1412 South Harvard Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. Burton, POR MEE TS) OUR New as cll» siete ale ov aketn anaes Meridian, Miss. Campbell, Poe CRs GA a Giles ak Wek Roswell, N. Mex. CATteE Re a AN ORG iit rate vee ees howe Sweetwater, Tenn. Cockrell, Fudge J. Bsackudiy 4107 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, Texas COT aR ER BSD EUR ck Concord, Nac. Dickenson, Rev. R. E. ....First Methodist Church, Vernon, Texas Dickeyeairss: JP Hy a 1832 Princeton Drive, Louisville, Ky. Dunkle, Rev. W. F...... 1815 East Market Street, Jacksonville, Fla. Durhamsmey, Plato 35.0 an5 ss «cine Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Hdgertonneroutt 10... . evens cae ts Lambuth Bldg., Nashville, Tenn. Frenchweey. 3). Se. eas 579. Broad Street, Bristol, Tenn. Gibson, Rev. George ............ 5614 Swiss Avenue, Dallas, Texas CFE OTAL EOD * 'o:5'5e'seeriets als elaine wivta a sfd o's W piaeahe Lockhart, Texas EL cierisvteen es RE iar + ola: d'e che ah ane ne plalacdea’ stolaeye tas Spartanburg, S. C. 358 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE,CHURCHES OF CHRIST Have We Ss ii ea karat a a Shelbyville, Ky. Henley, Rev. Curwen....451 North 15th Street, Murphysboro, Il. ‘Hutchinson, Rev. Forney Rg a A SE Oklahoma City, Okla. JOUSOr aera Lee Wee ow cots et alate 409 Palmer Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. RNS OLEs EVs AMOS ii sa ces ul aMeykiaih S'y.o er SleRaC TESS able sce Dallas, Texas BOS e, REVS eat ru orem ein aaa the Excelsior Springs, Mo. Mellow.) HOMAS ns cn creas ks 6633 Vermont Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Newiial, Lire: etd y nines eye ener acres cise mst dermeee g Woodstock, Va. Parkers (REV. NG coe eae cea ned Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Quillian, TGV WW Pinte ete are a ten ee Wesleyan College, Macon, Ga. PCO TOS Common ae cout aber eet mee 2403 La. Street, Little Rock, Ark. Robinson, MONSEOr JOC ren eee ce hen aeerae Little Rock, Ark. Shangle, PRO EES Sone he hE RIA oY eae Milton, Oregon SMM ICV. tee Cr eet yan Lariat: 736 Greene Street, Augusta, Ga. Teele MEM ieiiee Cor ere anette cs 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. STG Vr Re tree ec are Giurie c mite ORS [alt tu eau rs eee A Franklin, Va. SET ATCOR yee eM ot tes at ace tie igre Cy.) SUC mane Ve one enna Memphis, Tenn. AEVGEy | UGREUNY chr t a cera alate a arate Box 434, Corsicana, Tex. Wallace mit oe ce Cres Upon helt s Sent eenie oet, Morehead City, N. C. WiatSGn, Rev. ten Ose va a cine ari 209 Franklin Park, Rosslyn, Va. VE AV ET Te. aa Gs cede chiar asa oct a RGR ae sae ae Corinth, Miss. WEDD Re Maree aw iaacag swing UC ute mine Uefa Ge icy Clarksburg, W. Va. Werlein, Rev. S. H...1412 South Harvard Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. WIRLONE KEY. Gah De eee tees 107 North 7th Street, Paducah, Ky. Woodward, Rev. CU. eke s Shomer te Emory University, Ga. African Methodist Episcopal Church Ross, Bishop I. N.....1616—15th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. E Tip Dele) DASTOD, |. Lo) whence aie shee ae aes 358 Houston Street, Atlanta, Ga. SNCIGOME REV) Fo Rar wan U eee ane Cynthia Place, Memphis, Tenn. Alternates Gaines."BishopiA. Lt os 32 1522 McCulloh Street, Baltimore, Md. POOR ENA CV EE err ee Oko iee ete cnet een ae rele Jacksonville, Fla. Johnson, Prof. A. J., care of Bishop J. S. Flipper, 358 Houston Street, Atlanta, Ga. African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Caldwell, Bishop Josiah S..420 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Blackwell, Bishop George L..420 So. 11th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Kyles, Bishop L. W....1612 East 14th Street, Winston-Salem, N. C. Lee, Bishop William D........ 450 Quincy Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Clement, Bishop George Oui aed 1633 West Jefferson Street, Louisville, Ky. Walls: Bishop: Ww Jh vik saetl 614 East 7th Street, Charlotte, N. C. Wallace, Bishop P. A.......... 522 Macon Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Martin, Bishop J. W....1217 West 22nd Street, Los Angeles, Cal. Callteus Revi Fld eis bien 310 East Clinch Street, Knoxville, Tenn. BrownmiuRevs WG wiaialT VA 347 Bridge Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. ‘Atingnde?s Simon) Gach voy tous Slater State Normal School, Winston-Salem, N. C. RAR VER ee lt, 420 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. TAREE LOLCSSOL aN. adh sole es ete te Y. M. C. A., Atlanta, Ga. Colored Methodist Episcopal Church Phillips). Bishop .C.. H....%. . 10828 Drexel Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio WilhamsmBishop RS. ijo0...... 912—15th Street, Augusta, Ga. LOTTE HeanOD Bo lc. cunt a whe mun ere Holly Springs, Miss. WODIAG REGU. Al. 0. 5 oo aon 8 9% 347 Madison Avenue, New York City _ PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 359 Brown, Rev. R. J...... Miles Memorial College, Birmingham, Ala. Hamlett, Bishop J. A...... .255 Middletown Street, Jackson, Tenn. WALK Or AR EVs) Si Ste Te 2b nls blo ence Paine College, Augusta, Ga. Lav Ae We A We Oats sal ssacce 717 E Street, N. E., Washington, D. C. S. W., Washington, D. C. BRoxssecoltike Ast. heya Ae 1523—20th Street, Ensley, Ala. Rrowtinadtevii doy esiidevele a 4912 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio Alternates Bell, Rev. William Y...... 218 West 130th Street, New York City TEPER EY TERI Oc oc re cee tl EAs, Springfield, Mass. ATLere DISHOD RAL a. chs coms 4408 Vincennes Street, Chicago, II. POL EED PE EGLS Gauls is ord aks. beeiele'e oie Lane College, Jackson, Tenn. MRT VY ie UN ly Ste Sah ss thal aia alc ere tatalie gia RMMRML LER aE Hele tana HE Atlanta, Ga. Methodist Protestant Church Lewis nevi ly Hees. 2844 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D. C. Moravian Church deSchweinitz, Rev. Paul...67 West Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa. Moenca Kt Nevis, Live ls deh. eos 116 South Virginia Avenue, Atlantic City, N. J. Romig, Rev. John S........ 1416 Euclid Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. ROMUtHAler, Res NOV. LLAWard. . viuleiis + de snsie Winston-Salem, N. C. Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Stevenson, | Reyiiji iRossiye 0, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, N. J. Mudge, Rev. Lewis S....514 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa, Black, Rev. William H....Missouri Valley College, Marshall, Mo. Hill; Revs, mdgar se 2... 825 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Marquis, Rev. John A.......... 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Mendenhall, Rev. Harlan G.....449 Park Avenue, New York City Merrill, Rev. William P.....112 East 36th Street, New York City Swearingen, Rev. Henry C....... House of Hope, St. Paul, Min. Vance, Rev. Joseph A..First Presbyterian Church, Detroit, Mich. Walker, Rev. Hugh K..2642 Van Buren Place, Los Angeles, Cal. Finney, onnaM ais cit kan 1300 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. 196 Watts OMT chk dal «doe viv wotenc rae Meee ehorelkts oinienainn Nashville, Tenn. NEE COSMET LGM) A bios Sel ates 1544 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Moore) Nathan .G...8 .sanaaeeanies » Exchange Bldg., Chicago, II. SOCEr lat. Obert. Foisalas a ales ale 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City MM CRADDIT, IRC V.. “VV Ullatih i. elation cele: Lane Theological Seminary, Walnut Hill, Cincinnati, O. Hartley, Rev. Reuben H............ 1409 Park Row, La Jolla, Cal. Kerr, Rev.. Hugh Te... 20. 827 Amberson Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. Elmore uReyiil. Avot. jel sks 153 Pine Street, Chattanooga, Tenn. Reynolds, Rev. George..33 Pintard Avenue, New Rochelle, N. Y. Seitiniicews ah. on ti oad ate oo ai 2009 North New Jersey Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Stone, Rev. John T........ 126 East Chestnut Street, Chicago, II. WVishaermey. CHArles cP ines se cebu k heies So )s0 oameuln Wooster, Ohio Macartney, Rev. Clarence E....Arch Street Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, Pa. Taylor, Rev. W. R....121 North Fitzhugh Street, Rochester, N. Y. Hays, Regis, Coos! t.< First Presbyterian Church, Johnstown, Pa. Radcliffe, Rev. Wallace. .1675—3lst St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Rogers, Rev. Henry C.....2008 Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, Mo. 360 | FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Chapman; Rev. We Yau eis 46 Beach Street, Bloomfield, N. J. ‘Herrick, Dr. Cheesman A...... Girard. College, Philadelphia, Pa. # Steitter,! Bernard (Coo. es... 1631 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. A S¥NAOtE ee oma We ee oe, Wenonah, New Jersey Williamson), O; Rivi.t. 509 South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, IIl. ' Agnew, George B. ......... 121 East 69th Street, New York City Manson, John T....First National Bank Bldg., New Haven, Conn. Loess) Neo aR Lk 3608. Jackson Street, Omaha, Neb. FAVS WY LL ELS Vora isola Webs 522 Fifth Avenue, New York City Bryana Hons wilham: Pennings eno a ipa Miami, Florida CE NIGH eSe VED CEOS EIEN, HAND ete 131 State Street, Trenton, N. J. CROOGMICH A ATIOS rey waht Mean bly wipe mule ean Winchester, Indiana Alternates Alexander, Rev. George ..... 47 University Place, New York City Russell,, Rev. Daniel ....... 242 West 73rd Street, New York City Jennings, Rev. William Beatty. .6012 Greene St., Germantown, Pa. * Curry, Rev..W. M....... 842 South 57th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Kelso. Revi TamesiAci uo. 725 Ridge Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. Jones, Rev. William A. ...... 136 Orchard Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Broady, Rev. J. M....1809 Fifth Avenue, North, Birmingham, Ala. Hulbert) Rev Gil u tie 1316 Park Avenue, Baltimore, Md. ' Candee, Rev. Charles L...... 1141 Erie Avenue, Wilmington, Del. ‘Wood, Rev. Charles..... 2110 S Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. RAO Eye i VV Teun sins elcmeieiny Shte Ceiuatee Wala a ale les San Anselmo, Cal. MacInnis, Rev. John M..536 South Hope Street, Los Angeles, Cal. Boyle, Rev. W. H. Wray..... 1650 Sherman Street, Denver, Colo. ClarkenRenvAw SuGisg ode ween 917 Forest Avenue, Evanston, Ill. ZETLOR SA Ce DOU UNE OT Ne ed 2 Chalmers Street, Chicago, II. ‘Haines, Rev. M. L.....1408 North Penn Street, Indianapolis, Ind. McKean eva Prank) Coe aaa Ce im nn ul Ps ata Spokane, Wash. EStey eva ilieee ulti ats 819 Harrison Street, Topeka, Kans. ante, VRE We eed Ne aan 1314 Kresge Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Work, Rev. Edgar..4614 Fieldston Rd., Riverdale on Hudson, N. Y. Cherry, Rev. C. Waldo...315 North Front Street, Harrisburg, Pa. Bushnell, Rev. John E...Westminster Church, Minneapolis, Minn. Fulton, Rev. S. Alfred...1603 East 9th Street, Des Moines, Iowa Wilson, Rev. James M....4906 Underwood Avenue, Omaha, Neb. Watson, Rev. Robert........ 36 Queensbury Street, Boston, Mass. AGGD OL RCV: EDEN ME .e 0’ pele ate we 1103 Mary Street, Elizabeth, N. J. MeMillin, RevillBiyNe. ss (cuss 2238 Park Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio Zorbaugh, Rev. Charles L..801 Hippodrome Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio abbey i, aie hace aU eta a Englewood, New Jersey Skilling, Rev. David M...... 226 Spring Road, Webster Grove, Mo. Bracieyvsi Ls) Hw power, Jae 19 South La Salle Street, Chicago, IIl. Pollansbee WON: oe yori. Follansbee Bros. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Baer, John Willis ...... Pacific S. W. Trust and Savings Bank, Pasadena, Cal. meverance, (fon Linn des veces ...-480 The Arcade, Cleveland, Ohio Vataimnuames: Ny tei Mr ie i den 66 Broadway, New York City WV SPEEA YE Lc id silica tad ula wel Ws ante bint id oh RRR 2 Buffalo, N. Y. Wallacear. (P. LiGi bul) lem tumtal eebine alee automa cian Des Moines, Iowa McInnes, Walter .......... 3713 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Lansing, Hon. Robert ........ 8 Jackson Place, Washington, D. C. Johnston, Robert ......... 5111 Raymond Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 361 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. PIO LOM FAs DE SS, ec eee Rau Wana itn MRT LL NN Chien! Siig Campbell, Rev. R. F... First Presbyterian Church, Asheville, N.C, - Campbell, Rev. W. S, Editor Presbyterian of the South, 3910 Seminary Avenue, Richmond, Va. Chester, Rev. S. H... 0c... 156 Fifth Avenue, N., Nashville, Tenn. Crowe, Rev. William ......... 5625 Gates Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. ULE PIS CY, Aly bes 0 a sium dork 1730 Glenwood Place, Memphis, Tenn. Everett, Hon. Willis M......... Ponce de Leon Apt., Atlanta, Ga. Hutton, Rev. J. B.....First Presbyterian Church, Jackson, Miss. BPA Pe WOU Lele tao sa wixalsares cault Huntington Presbyterian Church Huntington, W. Va. BARI eV ey Ter EA. oko wr atte a anne Box 775, Jacksonville, Fla. DMGEIOTIGAL OC Wer CELE css vee cael oie dae tele talee dic Jackson, Tenn. BRGINGID ICON Ui ba Pose e ls slot ieee Jacksonville Presbyterian Church, Jacksonville, Fla. Storey, Rev. G. T...Bay City Presbyterian Church, Bay City, Tex. ~ Summey, Rev. George ....3002 De Soto Street, New Orleans, La. Vance, Rev. James I...... 154 Fifth Avenue, N, Nashville, Tenn. Van Lear, Rev. John.First Presbyterian Church, Little Rock, Ark, A lternates Bova Reve Ci Mw .,:. First Presbyterian Church, Tuscaloosa, Ala. Caldwell, Rev. W. L....... Woodland Street Presbyterian Church, Nashville, Tenn. Clark} Revo’ Melton ee es. Columbia Theological Seminary Columbia, S. C. DENS stot Cocylh ae 0 01 NS CULT A Pe a ea RUG SAR Sanford, Fla. Dar Bosem Rewickis (Woe le Spartanburg Presbyterian Church, Spartanburg, S. C. Glasgow, Rev. S. M..First Presbyterian Church, Knoxville, Tenn. PAM COM EER sere eke a sae awit lee ate relaatel ats tas San Antonio, Texas PACE ACO eee SLs ea lor aa ste: ola eat e wibih wisle'e ate c Winchester, Va. McMillan, Rev. Homer..Room 613—101 Marietta St., Atlanta, Ga. Miller, Hon. E. T..Law Dept.—St. Louis, San Francisco Railway REL ESCCHESUIIICLINI eu SEC nate Ue Nhs Bs CA St. Louis, Mo. Ogden, Rev. D. H.....Government Street Presbyterian Church, Mobile, Ala. RGDSSTSOM REV i bcos ure Ge iditin blo alate OTs he ale Shelbyville, Tenn. Smith, Rev. E. E.....First Presbyterian Church, Owensboro, Ky. Thompson, Rev. Ernest......... Charleston Presbyterian Church, Charleston, W. Va. AVieleneWVitiCalvitt jin eles Saeie oR cl ewss.cis'c a ste elem a Jackson, Miss. Wells, Rev. J. M..Columbia Theological Seminary, Columbia, S. C. Primitive Methodist SIMNGIOE! RCV Esta cle vielenie ea Se ulenihe s Billerica Center, Mass. Pia Paraeie |) Rew.) LON Rises sae tlic nas o ee'emakttnials Platteville, Wis. OU RMOEE Ode NV adic cee cht x ira'e ls ches 6p a luleret baie a Hos Olyphant, Pa. COP ECR is 40s isals cee uaahbate 35 Shepherd Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. Alternates Proudeiey.\ John. ..cceseehees. 1313 Union Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Nicholls, Rev. S. T....2609 West Lehigh Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. Brierley, Tom ..... eg! 464 Coggeshall Street, Fall River, Mass. AdamsstBys. cok eet 358 East Northampton Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 362 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE’ CHURCHES OF CHRIST Protestant Episcopal Commission on iene Unity and Depart- ment of Christian Social Service Talbot, Rt. Rev. Ethelbert. .825 Delaware ae S. Bethlehem, Pa. Darlington, Rt. Rev. James H..321 No. Front St., Harrisburg, Pa, Birckhead, Rev. Hugh.......... Emmanuel Church, Baltimore, Md. Gilbert, Rev. Charles K....416 Lafayette Street, New: York City Lathtop, Rey Ge’ Nees 281. Fourth Avenue, New York City . Mann, Rt. Rev. Alexander...... 325 Oliver Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. ~ Washburn, Very Rev. Henry B..3 Mason St., Cambridge, Mass. Glenn. Ton Ma pon i 130 East 22nd Street, New York City RIMIERISH EA I SNESUILCOTL, cetevedey tock otelai cts 32 Nassau Street, New York City ‘Brent, Rt. Rev. Charles H...... 237 North Street, Buffalo, N. Y. Bowie, Rev. W. Russell..Grace Episcopal Church, 802 Broadway, New York City Guerry, Rt. Rev. William Alexander.............. Bishop’s Office, Charleston, S. C. _Fosbroke, Very Rev. Hughell E. W......... General Theological Seminary, New York City Freeman, Rt. Rev. James E.. . _Bishop’s House, Cathedral Close, . Washington, D. C Robbins, Very Rev. Howard C...Cathedral of St. John the Divine, * New York City oi CIOL Maha iets ie il Le Leighton Road, Wellesley, Mass. ‘., Sargent, Mrs. G. P. T....306 State St., S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich. ‘Stirs Lacy oo ieaur hie tae ‘,.66 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass. Pa WITOLOte ee im evn ED DOU rba nt MOM Man io aa LOG uta Kensington, Md. Rimerolday Giorida niga un ioe etbuilite tate fatal a ie atc Knoxville, Tenn. Goodwin, Rev. W. A. .R.......;....... William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va. Alternates . PCAN ONE Mee NAA creas erate & aie 281 Fourth Avenue, New York City Brackett, Dr. Jeffrey R..220 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass. Carpenter, Mildred............ 281 Fourth Avenue, New York City Thomas, Rt. Rev. Nathaniel S...... Ivinson Hall, Laramie, Wyo. Wise RtauNev., PAMES. Ma ey evn Bishop’s House, Topeka, Kans. Page, Rt. Rev. Herman....63 East Hancock Ave., Detroit, Mich. INagsniinev. IN. Bis iae. egos Ue ee 6 Phillips Place, Cambridge, Mass. Clark, Rev. W. J. Loaring....281 Fourth Avenue, New York City Moulton, Rt. Rev. Arthur W.......... 444 East Ist South Street, . Salt Lake City, Utah Bratton, Rt. Rev. Theodore DuBose..Battle Hill, Jackson, Miss. Nelson, Rev. Frank H...... 318 East Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio Whitmore, Rev. Holmes...... St. Paul’s Church, Milwaukee, Wis. Barber Courtenay...... 122 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IIl. iene ie. Cle ire bas same 75 Conant Avenue, Detroit, Mich. TACMAATIS LOUIS Coeur ed oe a ee ie dae ....Indianapolis, Ind. Waterworth, James A..14 N. Kings Highway Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. Nearer. Vv arretcccac eee P. O. Box 206, New Orleans, La. Sindee ice Lancs ai a oe ae lt 318 East 4th Street, Cincinnati, O. Hono eeayy,. Ovscaeer eee aes 260 South 4th Street, Columbus, O. Coen hear A i ee eh ek PIPL ie caer’ North Adams, Mass. Wiastieie? My ia, Sa Se ik i Ce, Harrisburg, Pa. Melish, Rev. J. Howard..126 Pierrepont Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. EnehsheHe DD. Woe warez 7110 Thomas. Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pa. PERSONNEL OF ‘THE COUNCIL } 363 Reformed Church in America COWES, IRCY.50,U WW ke sb cecbe wtam ea tes North Bergen, New Jersey Vennema, Rev. Ame ..............11 Reid Avenue, Passaic, N. J. Voorhees, Rev. O. M....... 145 West 55th Street, New York City SECLEM REVEL Cobbs okie wis oats sa heiahaliicna aaa teee tL Kingston, New York Kuizenga, Rev. John E........ 4 East 14th Street, Holland, Mich. Lenington, Rev. G. C......... 25 East 22nd Street, New York City Dykstra, Rev. John A...... 231 Lyons Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. Alternates EGU LL alge ca S19 afi a Bt B OD SCOR IUAD ee mae TON ns tle Se ade ph Claverack, N. Y. PERS CT Sere. PST OTTY ier sa oc head el uigw on b he een Holland, Mich. OWES RIO ee Ea ote ache oe 6 a weal an ed Mt. Vernon, N. Y. PP OTIMSOM TT ERCCUS ATLIIUE® 6. o55 succes wbuisge de sais owls Hackensack, N. J. TOs Ce ar aA DOLE 1a, % mis nwie's 34 Maple Avenue, Warwick, N. Y. Harmeling, Rev. Henry........ 24 East 107th Street, Chicago, III. Broek, Rev. Albertus T...137 South 6th Street, Mt. Vernon, N..Y Reformed Church in the U. S. Term expires 1925 ' Schaeffer, Rev. Ci Eu... 5: 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Apple, Rev. PELL ON ee ree See ae eae eee Oe es Lancaster, Pa. Christman, Rev.: H. fi. 5 ile Ra ..15 Seminary Avenue, Dayton, O. Miller, Rev. R. WESWSS. 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Darms, Rev. J. M. G.....Mission House College, Plymouth, Wis. ~ . Term expires 1928 Parsley sbarey ics a: 1928 North 6th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Leinbach, Rev. Paul S....15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Herman, Reva lakeoin'?.: 556 West James Street, Lancaster, Pa. Brown, Peavitigt ic ea 514 Lexington Avenue, Dayton, O. Miller, Rev. C. E..... eed by nana tee Heidelberg University, Tiffin, O. Cramer, OV Woda then ns 44 East Orange Street, Lancaster, ’Pa, Reformed Episcopal Church Mason, Rev. Thomas J....5140 North Kimball Ave., bia: Ill, Peach; Bishop Robert WY ake: 271 Parker Street, Newark, Ney! Rudolph, Bishop Robert L..103 South 36th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Freemantle, Rev. William A....1617 Oxford St., Philadelphia, Pa. Alternates - Kearney, Rev. Joseph.......... BO Boxslvo, Summerville, ne he Sonne, Rev. Edward J......... ,..0952 Yale Avenue, Chicago, IIl. Collins, Rev. R. W. Russell....335 Orange Road. Montclair, N. J. Pittman, Rev. Charles...... 321 East 50th Street, New York City Seventh Day Baptist Churches. | Bond Rev... A). Goiseess ...511 Central Avenue, Plainfield, N. 1p Whitford, President Alfred E........ Milton College, Milton, Wis. Davis, President Boothe C,....... Alfred University, Alfred, N. Y. Main, Dean Arthur E..Alfred Theological Seminary, Alfred, N. Y. United Brethren in Christ © Batatiinetamed ss ik: ces. sae hes 711 North 2nd Street, Harrisburg, Pa. Bell) Bishop, W.. M....:.asskons 1509 State Street, Harrisburg, Pa. Cal relia Se! ii os. oc see ela ti soe aks waa aaa ... Swanton, Neb: Clippinger, Bishop A. R......... 1602 Grand Avenue, Dayton, O. Clinnincer ney, VV... , (xs.25 basis ale ks ah beteinekis asain Westerville, O. Fout, Bishop’ H. H...........800 Middle Drive, Woodruff Place, Indianapolis, Ind. 364 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST FPankit Reve Wa Re ee ae ay a 1430 U. B. Bldg., Dayton, Ohio Hough; Revi Si Sone. con 415 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio Kephart, Bishop C, J...... 3936 Harrison Street, Kansas City, Mo. WTEC etd Dy bh AM al ad 418 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio Ware Presbyterian Church Brerveyin ey Hl. Liye wre a 8815 86th Street, Woodhaven, L. I. HUCHISON REV UAe oe we 703 Publication Bldg., Pittsburgh, as McGill, Revit Bete aw 317 Home Avenue, Bellevue, Pa. Marlin: Revivhiv Hcy coos d eae thee pens R.F.D. 9, New Castle, Pa. Mootcomerysi Revol) Knox yo lide as ten New Concord, Ohio Tate n ReEvotl. CLOWALG vlack bis 568 54th Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. WISKBELGUMEWERMV A tory cutie ee 2333 Perrysville Avenue, N. S. Pittsburgh, Pa. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman BisHop JOHN M. MOooreE.......... 1308 Commerce Street, Dallas, Tex. Vice-Chairmen Rev. CLARENCE A. Barzour....300 Alexander Street, Rochester, N. Y. REVOHN DALTZER. Us ee east 2013 St. Louis Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Revi bi deo WALLIAMS sicouaule ane. 3115 S. Park Avenue, Chicago, IIl. Recording Secretary REV. VRIVINGTON Ds (LORD PUN eM Oe ees edie ee ela Hotel Mohawk Washington and Greene Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y. Members by Virtue of Article 9, Section C, of the Constitution Bishop E. R. Hendrix, 3242 Norledge Place, Kansas City, Mo. Dean Shailer Mathews, University of Chicago, Chicago, III. Rey. Frank Mason North, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, 64 Jefferson Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. Rey. Rivington D. Lord, Hotel Mohawk, Washington and Greene Ave- nues, Brooklyn, N. Y. Frank H. Mann, Union Mortgage Co., 60 Broadway, New York City Denominational Members Northern Baptist Convention Principals Rey. R. A. Ashworth, 45 Bayley Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y. Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony, 105 E. 22nd Street, New York City Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth Street, Rochester, N. Y. Rev. Howard B. Grose, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City Rev. Albert G. Lawson, Meredith, N. Y. _ Alternates Prof. W. H. Allison, Hamilton, N. Y. Rev. G. N. Brink, 1701 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. W. S. Abernethy, 715 16th Street, Washington, D. C. Pres. C. D. Gray, Lewiston, Me. Rev. H. J. White, Hartford, Conn. _ National Baptist Convention Principals Rev. W. H. Jernagin, 1341 3rd Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. H. W. Holloway, Box 287, Helena, Ark. PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL | 365 Dr. A. M. Townsend, 412 Fourth Avenue, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. I. A. Thomas, 1717 Benson Avenue, Evanston, Ill. Rev. L. K. Williams, 3101 South Park Avenue, Chicago, III. - Rev. Thomas H. White, 456 York Street, Jersey City, N. J. Rev. J. W. Goodgame, 1533 Sixth Avenue, Birmingham, Ala. Prof. J. D. Crenshaw, 417 Fourth Avenue, Nashville, Tenn. Alternates ‘Rev. A. D. Williams, 383 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. E. W. D. Isaac, 409 Gay Street, Nashville, Tenn. Hon. Charles M. Roberson, Shrevesport, La. Rev. M. W. D. Norman, 1933 13th Street, N.W., Washington, D, C) Rev. A. A. Cosey, 1407 Farmer Street, Vicksburg, Miss. Rev. E. B. Topp, 58 Cohea Street, Jackson, Miss. Rev. R. M. Caver, 700 W. 9th Street, Little Rock, Ark. Rev. A. M. Johnson, 308 W. California Street, Oklahoma City, Okla. Free Baptist Churches Principals Hon. Carl E. Milliken, Custom House, Portland, Me. Pres. Joseph W. Mauck, Hillsdale, Mich. Alternates Rey. Alfred Williams Anthony, 105 E. 22nd Street, New York City Rev. Thomas H. Stacy, Sandwich Center, N. H. Christian Churches Principals Rev. Martyn Summerbell, Lakemont, N. Y. Rev. J. O. Atkinson, Elon College, N. C. Churches of God in North America (General Eldershtp) Principals Rev. H. R. Lobb, Shippensburg, Pa. Rev. L. A. Luckenbill, Columbia City, Ind. Alternates Rev. C. A. Byler, Conrad, Ia. Rev. F. O. Eaken, West Newton, Pa. Congregational Churches Principals Rev. Charles E. Burton, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City Rev. R. H. Potter, Center Church House, Hartford, Conn. Rev. W. H. Day, 25 Court Street, Bridgeport, Conn. Rev. F. L. Fagley, 289 Fourth Avenue, New York City Alternates W. B. Davis, 327 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, O. Rolfe Cobleigh, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. Disciples of Christ Principals Rev. Peter Ainslie, 504 N. Fulton Avenue, Baltimore, Md. Rev. B. A. Abbott, 2712 Pine Street, St. Louis, Mo. Rev..C.-H. Winders, VWoIMs C.:A) Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Rey. A. E. Cory, Gordon Street Christian Church, Kinston, N. C. Rey. C. C. Morrison, 440 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Tih. 366 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Alternates Rev. L. O. Bricker, First Christian Church, Atlanta, Gat E. M. Bowman, 1 W. 67th Street, New York City Rev. Geo. A. Campbell, Union Ave. Christian Chabot St. Louis, Mo. L. E. Rogers, 1128 Healey Place, Atlanta, Ga. E. E, Linthecum, Linthecum Tube Co., Birmingham, Ala. Friends Principals Dr. Walter C. Wiedwrard. 101 S. 8th ‘Street, Richmond, Ind. Prof. Samuel Haworth, Guilford College, is gy erk Altereetes President J. Edwin Jay, Wilmington, O. Clara I. Cox; High Point, N. C. Pucane neat Ss ynod of N orth America Principals Rev. John Baltzer, 2013 St. Louis Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Rev. Reinhold Niebuhr, 2726 Lothrop Avenue, Detroit, Mich. Rev. D. Bruning, 1300 E. Fayette Street, Baltimore, Md. Alternates ~ Rev. J. Horstmann, 7 iz Chonkeah Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Rev. A. H. Becker, 2021 Milan Street, New Orleans, se Rev. C. W. Locher, Steubenville, O. Evangelical Church Principals Nhe ay . Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, 836 Center Avenue, Reading, Pa. Bishop M. ‘T. Maze, 1924 Green Street, Harrisburg; Pa. Alternates Bishop S. P. Spreng, 106 Columbia te Naperville, Ill. F. W. Ramsey, 7609 Platt Avenue, Cleveland, O. Methodist Episcopal Church Principals Bishop W. F. McDowell, 2107 Weegee Avenue, ia erin et Ie Gt Bishop Thomas Nicholson, 34 E. Elizabeth Street, Chicago, III. Bishop A. W. Leonard, 202 Morris Avenue, Buffalo, INGee Rev.’ R. J. Wade, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, Til. Rev. ‘Ralph E. Diffendorfer, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Rev. William I. Haven, Bible House, Astor Place, New York City E. H. Cherrington, Westerville, O. Dr. A. W. Harris, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Dr. John R. Mott, 347 Madison Avenue, New York City Pres. Ezra S. Tipple, Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J. Dr. James R. Joy, 150° Fifth Avenue, New York City Methodist Episcopal Church, South Principals 4 | Bishop John M. Moore, 1308 Commerce Street, Dallas, Tex. Bishop James Cannon, jr., 50 Bliss Building, Washington, D. C. E. Frank Story, Franklin, Va Rev. L. C. Branscomb, First Church, Anniston, Ala. PERSONNEL OF THE: COUNCIL .. 367 Rey. J. S. French, 579 Broad Street, Bristol; Tenn.. © | Mrs. Luke Johnson, 409 Palmer Building, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. H. R. Steele, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. Alternates Rev. G. B. Winton, 107 N. 7th Street, Paducah, Ky. ii ).Rev. M. L. Burton, Meridian, Miss. Rev. Plato Durham, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Thomas Mellow, 6633 Vernon Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Bishop W. N. Ainsworth, 109 Hines Terrace, Macon, Ga. Rev. F. N. Parker, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. J. H. Dickey, 1832 Princeton Drive, Louisville, Ky. African Methodist Episcopal Church Principals Bishop A. L. Gaines, 1522 McCulloh Street, Baltimore, Md. Rev. C. P. Cole, 50 Putnam Avenue, Brooklyn, N? 'Y.. Prof. J. R. Hawkins, 1541 14th Street, N.W., bi eattechee D. C. . Alternates Bishop Reverdy C. Ransom, 1721 Scovel Street, Nashville, Tenn. Rev. R. H. Ward, Atlanta, Ga. Rev. A. J. Wilson, 308 N. 6th Street, Wilmington, aT Gea African Methodist Episcopal Zion C hurch Principals Bishop George C. Clement, 1633 W. Jefferson Street, Louisville, Ky. Rev. Henry J. Callis, 310 E. Clinch Avenue, Knoxville, .Tenn. Bishop J. W. Martin, 1217 W. 22nd Street, Los Angeles, Calif. Alternates Rev. W. C. “Brown, 347 Bridge Street, Brooklyn, N. ws Prof. W. J. Trent, Butler Street Y. M. C. A., Atlanta, Ga. Bishop W. J. Walls, 614 E. 7th Street, Charlotte, N..C. Colored Methodist Episcopal C hurch Principals Bishop R. A. Carter, 4408 Vincennes Avenue, Chicago, III. Bishop C. H. Phillips, 10828 Drexel Avenue, Cleveland, O. Rev. L. H. Brown, 4912 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, O. Alternates Rev. G. L. Word, Fairfield, Ala. Rev. N. L. Smith, 4404 Indiana Avenue, Chicago, III. Rev. A. W. Womack, 2009 St. Aubin Street, Detroit, Mich. Methodist Protestant Church Principal '' Rev. T. H. Lewis, 2844 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D.C. | ' Moravian Church Principals Rev. Paul deSchweinitz, 67 W. Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa. Elmer Galloway, Bowery Branch Y. M. Ye A., 8 E. 3rd Street, New York City 368 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Principals ~' Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J. Rev. William H. Black, Missouri Valley College, Marshall, Mo. Rev. Joseph A. Vance, First Presbyterian Church, Detroit, Mich. Rey. Henry C. Swearingen, House of Hope Presbyterian Church, St. Paul, Minn. Dr. Robert, E. Speer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Alternates Rev. E. P. Hill, 825 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. John A. Marquis, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Rev. Lewis S. Mudge, Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa. . Rev. William P. Merrill, 112 E. 36th Street, New York City Dr. J. M. F. Finney, 1300 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. Presbyterian Church in the U. S. Principals Rev. James I. Vance, 154 Fifth Avenue N., Nashville, Tenn. Rev. W. S. Campbell, Richmond, Va. Primitive Methodist Church Principals Rev. Elijah Humphries, Billerica Center, Mas Rev. S. T. Nicholls, 2609 W. Lehigh 7 AES * Philadelphia, Pa. Alternates Rev. W. U. Russell, 313 E. Juniper Street, Hazleton, Pa. Rev. W. B. Taylor, 443 High Street, Lonsdale, R. I. Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Umity and Department of Christian Soctal Service Principals Rt. Rev. Ethelbert Talbot, South Bethlehem, Pa. Rt. Rev. G. A. Beecher, Hastings, Neb. John M. Glenn, 130 E. 22nd Street, New York City Reformed Church in America Principals Rev. I. W. Gowen, North Bergen, N. J. Rev. Albertus T. Broek, 137 S. Sixth Avenue, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Alternates Rev. John A. Dykstra; 231 Lyons Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. Rev. Ame Vennema, 11 Reid Avenue, Passaic, N. J. Reformed Church in the U. S. Principals Rev. Charles E. Schaeffer, 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. H. J. Christman, 15 Seminary Avenue, Dayton, O. Rev. W. Stuart Cramer, 44 E. Orange Street, Lancaster, Pa. Alternates Rev. T. F. Herman, 556 W. James Street, Lancaster, Pa. Franklin P. Brown, 514 Lexington Avenue, Dayton, O Rev. J. M. G. Darms, Mission House College, Plymouth, Wis. _ PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL nie 369 Reformed Episcopal ‘Church © Principals “Bishop Robert L. Rudolph, 103 S. 36th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Bishop Robert W. Peach, 271 Parker Street, Newark, N. Je ~ Alternates ~ Rev. E. J. Sonne, 6552 Yale Avenue, Chicago, Ill. Rev. William A. Freemantle, 1617 Oxford Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Seventh Day Baptist Churches Principals Rev. Arthur E. Main, Alfred Theological Seminary, Alfred, N. o 4: *Rev. Ahva J. C. Bond, 511 Central Avenue, Plainfield, N. J. Alternates . Pres. Boothe C. Davis, Alfred University, Alfred, N. Y. Pres. Alfred E. Whitford, Milton College, Milton, Wis. United Brethren in Christ Principals H. H. Baish, Harrisburg, Pa. Rev. S. S. Hough, 1430 U. B. Building, Dayton, O. Bishop H. H. Fout, 800 Middle Drive, Woodruff Place, Indianapolis, Ind. Alternates . Rev. H. F. Shupe, Btterbein Press Building, Dayton, O. A. B. Statton, Hagerstown, Md. Mrs. Albert Keister, Scottdale, Pa. United Presbyterian Church Principals Rev. R. A. Hutchison, 703 Publication Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rev. W. I. Wishart, 2333 Perrysville Avenue, N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa. Alternates Rey. J. L. Hervey, 8815 86th Street, Woodhaven, L. I., N. Y. Rev. J. Howard Tate, 568 54th Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE Chairman Rev. JoHN A. MARQUIS.........-- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Vice-Chairmen Rev. JoHN W. LANGDALE......... 962 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. JouHn W. FERGUSON.......... 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Cranes: S; CROSMAN 8 ad culealec 225 Fifth Avenue, New York City Recording Secretary REV RRIVINGTON )L): clcORDU a aa Usk Aleck ine ka lane alee Hotel Mohawk Washington and Greene Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y. Denominational Representatives Rev. Robert A. Ashworth (Northern Baptist Convention), 45 Bayley Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y (Alternate for Dr. Lawson) Bishop William M. Bell (United Brethren in Christ), 1509 State Street, Harrisburg, Pa. 370 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Rev. William Y. Bell (Colored Methodist Episcopal Church), 218 W. 130th Street, New York City Bishop:*S. C.. Breyfogel (Evangelical - C hurch), 836 Center A verniel Reading, bas Rey. D. Bruning (Evangelical Synod of N. ay 1300 E. Fayette Street, Baltimore, Md. Rev. Willard D. Burdick (Seventh Day Baptist Churches), 926 Kenyon ““ « Avenue, Plainfield, N. J. Rev. Crees E. Burton (Congregational Churches), 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City Bishop James Cannon, Jr. (Methodist Episcopal Church, South), 50 Bliss ’ Building, Washington, D..C. Rev. C. P. Cole (African Methodist Episcopal Church), 50 Putnam ‘“Ave- nue, Brooklyn, N. Y. (Alternate for Prof. Hawkins) Charles S. Crosman (Friends), Brunswick’ Building, 225 Fifth Avenue, New York City John M. Glenn (Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity and Department of Christian Social Service), 130 E. 22nd Street, New York City Rev. I. W. Gowen (Reformed Church in America), North Bergen, N. J. Rev. Lit H. Hainer (Christian Church), 37 Myrtle Avenue, Irvington, at Prof. John R. Hawkins (African Methodist Episcopal Church), 1541 14th Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. Rev. R. A. Hutchison (United Presbyterian Church), 703 Publication Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rev. Finis S. Idleman (Disciples of Christ), 142 W. 81st Street, New York City Rev. Albert G. Lawson (Northern Baptist Convention), Meredith, N. Y. Bishop W. L. Lee (African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church), 450 Quincy Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. Thomas H. Liewia (Methodist Protestant Church), 2844 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D. C. Rev. Rivington D. Lord (Free Baptist Churches), Hotel Mohawk, Wash- ington and Greene Avenues, Brooklyn, : Rev. Rufus W. Miller (Reformed Church in U. S.), 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Rey. Reinhold Niebuhr (Evangelical Synod of N. A.), 2726 Lothrop Avenue, Detroit, Mich. (Alternate for Dr. Bruning) Bishop Robert W. Peach (Reformed Episcopal Church), 271 Parker . Street, Newark, N. J. Rev. John: Proude (Primitive Methodist Church), 1313 Union Street, ) Brooklyn, N.Y. Ree A. B. Russell (Primitive Methodist Church), Plains, Pa. (Alternate for Rev. John Proude) Rev. A. Steimle (United Lutheran Church), 174 W. 93rd Street, New York City (Consultative ) Pres. J. Ross Stevenson (Presbyterian Church in the U.S. A.), Prince- ton Theological Seminary, Princeton, N. J. Rev. Harry E. Stocker (Moravian Church), 331 W. 83rd Street, New York City Rev. George Summey (Presbyterian Church in the U. S.), 3002 De Soto Street, New Orleans, La. PERSONNEL ‘OF THE COUNCIL ~= =" 371 Rev. I. A. Thomas (National Baptist Convention), 1717 Benson Avenue, . Evanston, III. Pres, Ezra S. Tipple (Methodist Episcopal Church), Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J. Rev. nae aie (National Baptist Convention), 456 York Street, see! ity, N. (Alternate for Dr. Thomas) Rev. S. G. Yahn (Churches of God), 102 N. 13th Street, gated eal Pa. Representatives of Affiliated, Cooperating and Consultative Bodies Rey. wines Rae (Home Missions Council), 156 Fifth Avenue, New ork City Mrs. John Ferguson (Council of Women for Home Missions), 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Miss Florence E. Quinlan, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City (Alternate for Mrs. Ferguson) Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn (Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Mis- sions), 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Miss Ella D. McClaurin, 25 Madison Avenue, New York City (Alternate for Mrs. Silverthorn) Dr. Robert L. Kelly (Council of Church Boards of Education), 111 Fifth Avenue, New York City Hugh S. Magill (/nternational Council of Religious Education), 5 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, IIl. Rev. William I. Haven (American Bible Society), Bible House, Astor Place, New York City David G. Latshaw (National Council of the Young Men’s Christian Asso- ciations ), 347 Madison Avenue, New York City Miss Mabel Cratty (National Board of the Young Women’s Christian ! Associations), 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City Miss Helen A. Davis, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City (Alternate for Miss Cratty) Fennell P. Turner (Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign rere i Conference of N. A.), 25 Madison Avenue, New York it Rev. S. G. Inman (Committee on Cooperation in Latin America), 25 Madison Avenue, New York City Robert P. Wilder (Student Volunteer Movement), 25 Madison Avenue, New York City Members at Large Marais) Saitdlenys vackk dee TPemniyye ohs 25 E. 22nd Street, New York City ARTES WVITIELN « 1.412) cs eahereiegt diele'o wise 1 W. 67th Street, New York City OMe Ua LOW INO iil Soulalady we seve bin Mies 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Rey, tiowatd B. Grose is 523. ee 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City Miss Carrie Kershner. :...°.... 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. Frederick. Lynch................70 Fifth Avenue, New York City Rev. John A. Marquis.............-. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Hon: )-Garl? BiMilliken:izew 2. seek 2001. Custom House, Portland, Me. Rev. JohntM ys Moore..)) a... - ...29 Macon Stréet, Brooklyn, N. Y. Rey. Frank Mason North........... 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City Dr LRODErER LL ONCer . - in Gs date Sones ees 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Rev. George U. Wenner..........5. 319 E. 19th Street, New York City Bishop Luther B. Wilson............ 150: Fifth Avenue, New York City 372 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES: OF CHRIST ‘Chairmen of Commissions Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony...... 105 E. 22nd Street, New York City Rt; Rev? Charles H. Brent. . 030 0'...0.. 237 North Street, Buffalo, N. Y. Prof. William Adams Brown.......... Union Theological Seminary, , Broadway and 120th Street, New York City Bishop George C. Clement..... 1633 W. Jefferson Street, Louisville, Ky. Rev. William Horace Day.......... 25 Court Street, Bridgeport, Conn. Orrin: Ro Judd sss .2. Columbia Trust Co., 60 Broadway, New York City Revi Poaboiknubeli yout Sncegatan ny 437 Fifth Avenue, New York City Rev. Paul S. Leinbach......... 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Bishop) Fe.) .; McConnell iy paces 524 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bishop W. F. McDowell...... 2107 Wyoming Avenue, Washington, D. C. BR Oleott a eae ure ant aie Desbrosses Street Pier, New York City HTS Buona eon wwe ee arian Wersre 105 E. 22nd Street, New York City Rey, James it Vances a 154 Fifth Avenue North, Nashville, Tenn. Prof. Luther A. Weigle, Divinity School, Yale Tiniversity, New Haven, Conn. Hon. George W. Wickersham.......... 40 Wall Street, New York City EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, General Secretary Rev. Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, Secretary Commission on International Justice and Goodwill Rev. yore M. Tippy, Secretary Commission on the Church and Social ervice Rev. ogee L. Goodell, Secretary Commission on Evangelism and Life ervice Rey. F. Ernest Johnson, Secretary Department of Research and Education Dr. George E. Haynes, Secretary Commission on the Church and Race Relations Rev. W. W. Alexander, Secretary Commission on the Church and Race Relations Rev. Carl H. Barnett, Secretary Community Relations Commission on the Church and Social Service Rev. John W. Herring, Associate Secretary Commission on International Justice and Goodwill Rey. B. S. Winchester, Secretary Commission on Christian Education Caroline W. Chase, Assistant Secretary of the Federal Council of Churches The above, together with the President of the Council and the Chair- man of the Administrative Committee, constitute the Secretarial Council. Arthur E. Hungerford, Publicity Adviser Ea M. Bell, Office Secretary Commission on Evangelism and Life ervice Fanny Aurill Bishop, Office Secretary Commission on International Jus- tice and Goodwill Elinor M. Henry, Secretary to Dr. Tippy, Commission on the Church and Social Service Edith A. Trotter, Secretary to Mr. Johnson, Department of Research and Education Calla M. Elferdink, Librarian Department of Research and Education Agnes H. Campbell, Research Assistant Inez M. Cavert, Research Assistant PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL 373 Elizabeth Baker, Research Assistant Benson Y. Landis, Research Assistant Grace A. Mills, Office Secretary Committee on Goodwill Between Jews and Christians Antonia Froendt, Assistant to the Secretary Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe Olyve L. Jeter, Private Secretary Commission on the Church and Race Relations Dora M. Barnes, Assistant to Dr. Haynes, Commission on the Church and Race Relations Lucy Van Hauen, Secretary to Mr. Smith, Commission on Councils of Churches Aenid A. Sanborn, Secretary to Mr. Cavert Genevieve Dayton, Private Secretary Marion A. MacKinlay, Assistant to the Treasurer Isabel Smock, Assistant to Secretary, Board of Finance and Director of the Printing and Publication Department Mrs. Leah J. Street, Office Secretary, Washington Office, 937 Woodward Building, Washington, D. C. CHAIRMEN, VICE-CHAIRMEN AND SECRETARIES OF COMMISSIONS AND COMMITTEES Washington Committee CIR et ee iia a cise Sore cleats viet ie Bishop William F. McDowell Western Committee CTIAF ONE. an aL aR tines yea) rs alug ymsaih pees ays aOR ..Dean Shailer Mathews Commission on Councils of Churches TRESS waco oo Lis che LAS) «Rata ncn MAR a ane een Leg aim in lRiatie Fred B. Smith NECERTORY MORI Rie te OS Sats wc delle mieten eee eerie aie Harry N. Holmes Commission on the Church and Social Service OE Te fT PLY Sal) Vet a Be i PETA Sol pre Ul Bishop F. J. McConnell PEC UC OSTIOMET c ew aie oir adhia tee UPd hae Betta ..Harold A. Hatch PLT OVORM tee aia cte le atc « a'cg wide Renan te el mane tien a's Rev. Worth M. Tippy Secretary for Community Relations.............+. Rev. Carl H. Barnett Commission on International Justice and Goodwill DA AIEEIEYEN, Sal klnses’ ys’ g a. 4: @giahtaie aes wcia twas Hon. George W. Wickersham PTACE SU MUST INGIE Sc 6. tks Win unite aoe bth seos ate’ ths Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent POET ESP Mey) th d's mone ty RR pee LE a aie sels Rev. Sidney L. Gulick Committee on Relation; with the Orient ITI MPCEIB sot silk Orn ietad sabe Matai ats oss Rev. James H. Franklin Committee on Mexico EP PER. ss. sl ane Re eerie palin is the ..Dr. Henry Goddard Leach Committee on Goodwill Between Jews and Christians Chairman .......+ eh Uae woe... Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony DOCHEIORA.. >. cc Seee aah ere E Oa er arias tes Rev. John W. Herring Commission on Evangelism and Life Service CHOU re Rees as sec n es WAAAY Soak le Rev. William Horace Day ice lc AONE Ge hack bk Sesto meted bhes kok eigen oe Wilfred W. Fry CEI CLIP emt RA sa wiescla a teeketareck & Aitie Ribete pe Rev. Charles L. Goodell 374 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Commission on the Church and Race Relations Chatrerain yo ooo ead Siok PAM a kit ..Bishop George C. Clement Vite-Chairinan Stee vas oe wae ees see ae Marion M. Jackson SEETETITIES Mtoe ke ae Rev. W. W. Alexander, Dr. George E. Haynes Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe CRUE Ore te acto eto ne Enel te. UL anteeneany Siar? Rev. James I. Vance Bh Ba SE Bishop James Cannon, Jr. Vice-C haw TIVE TUS Mies siheceusitel s Uatvelibiisrere:\etavel ate kus Por 1 ville Sloane Coffin SEER OREM YING EPA UMNO oa NIRS RRR Oar a a DU Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich ECT ELOTY TN EPO DEM a Uies ern arte et ois aiante tel Bratence ier cheats Rev. Adolf Keller Department of Research and Education 6 Ti SMR HL tire ea madi ie ve Jae I Rev. William Adams Brown VACA ROU GOR We. cin bao metab ay CRA RL icte GEAR UBaETe tea Rev. John M. Moore IY 1101 as Ma TR OE c tage cali Bene Ne Teh ek RSRel Cle -ohhc Rev. F. Ernest Johnson Commission on Christian Education ve COTA ENC RN Ole Uk create stale ote hist ae aR Prof. Luther A. Weigle hel ste tk ence AU up IELUP EN ar aR a WNIAD PLEMN |i Rev. Benjamin S. Winchester Editorial Council of the Religious Press CHA MAN) IODINE BREE OE en PE Tn EM aie Rev. Paul S. Leinbach LEG Teck OU eg 7184 eM RRM ES STP rai +, adie a0 ac fog ye DN AWE sa Rev. E. C. Wareing General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains CHOLMUNONAUI Ss Ries Ste Viaheelyen ataiaks aiatetateta ees Bishop William F. McDowell Vice-Ohaarinan Vio ho are eee ele RR oe Rey. Wallace Radcliffe Committee on Relations with Eastern Churches Chat Hie Oe Be ANE ened: ‘aipaaha he waa Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent Committee on Financial and Fiduciary Matters ONT 77171 a. ADAMS EA YA RT Uhm Bp fe Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony Committee on Mercy and Relief UP TEOUTATTLLTL Vib iat chan altos ake Tatic oh tele phat Oe a aneteae ata oto) Seater nenaten a: Rev. F. H. Knubel Board of Finance CRAIN GIG AS keals nh c Ae UR LOIN ANSE (al alien kobe = Se tate aie taht oe Orrin R. Judd Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone Chetry tan 8 oki: SEO A Se Spates Signe tied eitha eaa en hatataaes E. E. 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