(2 U 
 
N D O N 
 
 D ITS 
 
 ENVIRONS 
 
 DESCRIBED. 
 
 VOL. I, 
 
 4 
 
LONDON 
 
 AND ITS 
 
 ENVIRONS 
 
 DESCRIBED. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 An Account of whatever is moft remarkable 
 for Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity 
 or Use, 
 
 In the City and in the Country 
 Twenty Miles round it^ 
 
 ^ COMPREHENDING ALSO' 
 
 Whatever is moft material in the Hiftory and Ari-^ 
 tiquiiks of this great Metropolis. 
 
 Decorated and illuftrated with a great Number of 
 Views in Ferfpc6tive5 engraved from original 
 Drawings, taken on purpofe for this Work. 
 
 Together wkh a Plan of L O N D ON, 
 A Map of the Environs, and feveral other 
 ufeful C UTS. 
 
 In SIX VOLUMES. 
 VOL. 
 
 t O N D N : 
 Prmted for R. and J. Dodsley in Pall-Ma^Il'; 
 
 M DCC LXI. 
 
TO HIS 
 ROYAL HIGHNESS 
 
 GEORGE, 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES, 
 
 THIS WORK IS MOST HUMBLY 
 INSCRIBED, BY 
 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS'8 
 
 MOST DEVOTED 
 
 AND OBEDIENT 
 
 HUMBLE SERVANTS, 
 
 THE PROPRIETORS. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IT is hoped that the great variety 
 of new, ufeful, curious and en- 
 tertaining articles which will be 
 found in the following work, will en- 
 tide it to a favourable reception from 
 the public. No pains nor expence 
 have been fpared to give it as much 
 accuracy and perfedion as the nature 
 of fuch a work will admit of. And 
 though we do not flatter ourfelves 
 that it will be abfolutely free from 
 errors or imperfedions, yet we doubt 
 not but the candid reader will find 
 fo much to commend, that he will 
 eafily be inclined to excufe fome un- 
 avoidable deficiencies. 
 
 The 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The Environs of London, though 
 they contain many of the moft re- 
 markable feats and places in the 
 kingdom, have never before been in- 
 cluded in any account of that metro- 
 polis ; and we are perfuaded, that the 
 moft intelligent enquirer vt^ill here 
 find numberlefs curiofities, not hi- 
 therto taken notice of by any other 
 writers: befides, we have not only 
 been particular in our defcriptions of 
 whatever is remarkable twenty miles 
 round ; but to aflift his obfervation, 
 we have added a map, which we 
 flatter ourfelves will be found to have 
 fome advantages over any other that 
 has yet appeared. This map, and 
 thefe defcriptions, will ferve both as 
 a guide and an inftrudor to the tra- 
 velling Virtuofi, whether natives or 
 2 foreigners. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 foreigners, in their little excurfions to 
 any part of thefe delightfully adorn- 
 cd and richly cultivated environs. 
 
 In order to render the knowledge 
 of this metropolis as complete as pof- 
 fible, we have neceflarily been obliged, 
 in conformity with our plan, to treat 
 of what may to fome appear little 
 and uninterefting, as well as of what 
 is great and important. Among thefe 
 the citizens are particularly intereft- 
 ed in knowing the extent and limits 
 of the wards in which they refide : 
 and it was abfolutely necefiary to 
 mention in their proper places all the 
 leveral companies that compofe their 
 whole body : and as every inhabitant 
 of the kingdom may, at one time or 
 another, have occafion to vifit or 
 
 write 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 write to their friends or relations re- 
 fiding in this great city, the names 
 and fituation of all the feveral ftreets, 
 lanes, rows, courts, yards'and allies 
 could not be omitted. With regard 
 to thefe an ingenious gentleman has 
 furnifhed us with a key, which has 
 let us into the origin of rhany of their 
 names ; and this part of our work is 
 farther illuftrated by a new and cor- 
 rect plan. 
 
 The prints with which the whole 
 is decorated, are all engraved by the 
 beft hands, after original drawings, 
 which were taken on purpofe for this 
 work, from the feveral objects them- 
 felves, at a very great expence ; and 
 we imagine they will not only be 
 confidered as an ornament, but that 
 
 they 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 they will be found of ufe in illuftrat- 
 ing the verbal defcriptions. 
 
 We beg leave in this place to make 
 our grateful acknowledgments to fe- 
 veral of the nobility and gentry, who 
 have been pleafed to favour us on 
 this occafion with lifts and accounts 
 of their pidures, curiofities, 6cc. 
 which have greatly enriched and 
 added a value to our work ; and be- 
 ing entirely new, cannot but be ac- 
 ceptable to the public. 
 
 LONDON 
 
London 
 
 AND ITS 
 
 ENVIRONS 
 
 DESCRIBED, &c, 
 
 T&oje with this mark generally derived 
 their name from the grlund landlord^ who 
 bidlt the Jireety laney or alley y (Sc. 
 Promjigns. 
 
 Fromneighbouring places y as churches y csV.- 
 From trees formerly growing there. 
 jj From ridicule. 
 
 § From their ftuation^ as backwards y fbr^ 
 wardsy with refpeSi to other freetst 
 
 A B 
 
 ABBEY Church of St. Peter Sy 
 Weftminfter, Many have been the 
 fables invented and propagated by 
 the monks, relating to th^ original foun- 
 dation of this ancient e Jifxe y but the 
 VoL.L moll 
 
ABB 
 
 moft probaHle account is given by tfiofe 
 who place it under Sebert> King of the 
 Eaft Saxons> who died in 6i6. Thefe 
 fay, that this Prince being converted to 
 •chriftianity by Auftin's difcourfes^ and his 
 uncle Ethelbert's example> eredled this 
 church on the ruins of a temple dedicated 
 to Apollo, in the ifland of Thorney, and 
 caufed Mellitus, Bifhop of London,, ta 
 confecrate it to St. Peter. 
 . As many ridiculous miracles have been 
 related of its foundation, it is the lefs fur^- 
 prizing that its dedication iQiould alfo be 
 reprefented as miraculous, and that St. 
 Peter himfelf, five hundred years after his 
 deceafe, fhould be reprefented by the 
 monks, as doing honour to the new fa- 
 bric, by performing the ceremony him- 
 felf. For according to _ the legend, the 
 King having ordered Mellitus to perform 
 the ceremony, St. Peter over-night called 
 upon Edricus, a fiiherman, and defired to 
 be ferried over to Thorney, which hap- 
 pened to be then overflowed by the heavy 
 rains that had lately fallen j the fifherman 
 confented, and having carried over the 
 Apoftle, he faw him confecrate the church 
 amidft a. grand chorus of celeftial rnu- 
 £c^ and a glorious appearance of heavenly 
 
 lights. 
 
ABB' % 
 
 lights* After which the Apcflle fetufn- 
 ing, difcovered himielf to the fifherman, 
 and bid him tell Mellitus what he had 
 heard and feen, and as a proof of his 
 divine miffion, gave him a miraculous 
 draught of falmon, and then affured him, 
 that none of his profeffion fhould ever 
 want that kind of fifh in the proper feafon, 
 provided they made an offering of the 
 tenth fifh for the ufe of the new church ; 
 which cuftom, it feems^ was continued by 
 the fifhermen four hundred years after. 
 
 This church and its monaflery were 
 afterwards repaired and enlarged by Offa, 
 King of Mercia, but being defkroyed by 
 the Pagan Danes, they were rebuilt by 
 King Edgar, who endowed them with 
 lands and manors, and in the year 969 
 granted them many ample privileges* 
 
 The church and monaftery having again 
 fuffered by the ravages of the Danes, were 
 again rebuilt by Edv/ard the Confeffor, 
 who pulled down the old church, and 
 eredted a mod magnificent one, for that age, 
 in its room, in the form of a crofs, wiiich 
 afterwards became a pattern for tliat kind 
 of building. The w^ork being fmiflied in 
 the year 1065, he caufed it to be confe- 
 crated with the greateft pomp and folem- 
 B 2 nity. 
 
4 
 
 ABB 
 
 fiity, and by feveral charters not only cdn-^ 
 jfirmed all its ancient rights and privileges^ 
 but endowed it with many rich manors^ 
 and additional immunities : ordained that 
 all its lands and poffeflions, fliould be fub^ 
 jedl to none but its own jurifdiction, and 
 the convent be free from the authority of 
 the Bifhop of London ; and the church, by 
 a bull of Pope Nicholas 1. was conftituted 
 the place for the inauguration of the Kings 
 of England. In fhort, he gave it a char- 
 ter of fan6luary, in which he declares^ 
 that any perfon W'hatfoever, let his crimes 
 be ever fo great, who takes fandluary in 
 that holy place, fhall be afliared of life, 
 liberty, and limbs, and that none of his 
 minifters, nor thofe of his fucceffors, fhould 
 leize any of his goods, l^nds or polTef- 
 £ons, under pain of everlafting damnation, 
 and that whoever prefumed to a£t contrary 
 to this grant, fhould lofe his name, wor- 
 fliip, dignity, and power, and with the 
 traitor Judas, be in the everlafting fire of 
 hell. This was the pious language of St* 
 Edward the ConfefTor, and from this char- 
 ter, Weil:minfter Abbey became an afylum 
 for traitors, murderers, robbers, and the 
 mofl abandoned mifcreants, who lived 
 there in open defiance of the laws. 
 
 This, 
 
ABB 
 
 S 
 
 Tliis, and King Edward's ether charters^ 
 in which he recites the ridiculous ftory of 
 its confecration by St. Peter, as above re^ 
 lated, its deftrudtion by the Danes, the 
 grants and privileges of his predecefTors^ 
 and thofe beftowed by himfeLG drew people 
 thither from all parts, fo that in a fhorjt 
 time there was not fufficient room in the 
 Abbey church for the accommodation of 
 the numerous inhabitants, without incom- 
 moding the monks j he therefore caufed 
 ^ church to be eredled on the north fide 
 of the ruonaftery, tor the ufe of the in- 
 habitants^ and dedicated it to St. Margaret. 
 
 William the Conqueror, to fhew his re- 
 gard to the memory of his late friend 
 King Edward, no fooner arrived in Lon-^ 
 don, tlian "he jsepaired to this church, and 
 offered a fumptuous pall, as a covering fof 
 his tomb ; he alfo gave fifty marks of liU 
 ver, together with a very rich altar cloth^ 
 and two calkets of gold ; and the Chrill:-- 
 mas following was folemnly crowned 
 there, his being the firft coronation per-** 
 formed in that place. 
 
 The next Prince who improved this 
 great work, was Henry III. who ia the 
 year 1200 began to eredt a nev/ ghapel 
 to the bleffed Virgin but about twenty 
 
 B 3 year* 
 
6 
 
 ABB 
 
 years after, finding the walls and fteeple 
 of the old ftrudture much decayed, he 
 pulled them all down, v/ith a defign to 
 enlarge, and rebuild them in a more re- 
 gular manner ; but he did not live to ac- 
 complifh this great work, which v/as not 
 compleated till 1285, about fourteen years 
 after his deceafe. And this is the date of 
 the building as it now ftands. 
 
 About the year 1502, King Henry be-r 
 gan that magnificent ftrudlure which is 
 now generally called by his name ; for this 
 purpofe, he pulled down the chapel of 
 Henry III. already mentioned, and an ad- 
 Joining houfe called the White Rofe Ta- 
 vern ; this chapel, like the former, he de- 
 dicated to the blelled Virgin, and defign- 
 ing it for a burial place for himfelf and his 
 pofterity, he carefully ordered in his v/ill, 
 that none but thofe of royal blood fhould 
 be permitted to lie there. 
 
 At length on the general fuppreffion of 
 religious houfes, the Abbey v/as furren- 
 dered to Henry VIIL by William Benfon, 
 the Abbot, and feventeen of the monks, 
 in the year 1539, when its revenues a- 
 mounted to 3977 1. 6s. 4d. ^ per annum^ a 
 fum at leaft equal to 20,000 1. a year at 
 prefent. Befides its furniture, which was 
 
ABB f 
 
 of ineflimable value, it had in different 
 parts of the kingdom, no lefs than two hun- 
 dred, and fixteen manors, feventeen ham- 
 lets, and ninety-feven towns and villages. 
 And tho' the Abbey was only the fecond in 
 rank, yet in all other refpecfts it was the 
 chief in the kingdom ; and its Abbots 
 having epifcopal jurifdidlion, had a feat in 
 the houfe of Lords. 
 
 The Abbey thus diffolved, that Prince 
 €re<ft^d firft into a college of fecular Canons, 
 under the government of a Dean, an ho- 
 nour which he chofe to confer on the lail 
 Abbot- This eftablifhment, however, was 
 of no long duration, for two years after 
 he converted it into a bifhopric, which was 
 diffolved nine years after by Edward VL 
 who refcored the government by a Dean, 
 which continued till Mary's accefllon to the 
 crown; when fhe, in 1557, reftored it to 
 its ancient conventual ftate ; but Queen 
 Elizabeth again ejed:ed the monks, and in 
 1560 ereded Weflminfler Abbey into a 
 college, under the government of a Dean, 
 and twelve fecular Canons or Prebendaries, 
 a Schoolmafter, Ufner, and forty Scholars, 
 denominated the Queen's, to be educated 
 in the liberal fciences preparatory to the 
 univerfity, and to have all the neceffaries 
 
 B 4 of 
 
ABB 
 
 of life, except cloathing, of which they 
 were to have only a gown every year. To 
 this foundation alfo belong chorifters, fmgr 
 ing-men, an organift, twelve alnls-njen; 
 &c. 
 
 The Abbey church, which was jftripped 
 of many of its decorations by Henry VIIL 
 und was much damaged both within and 
 w^ithout during the unhappy civil commo- 
 tions that defaced the ancient beauty of 
 mod of the religious houfes in this kingr 
 dom, hss continued from the death of 
 Henry VII. almoft to the prefent time, 
 without any other confiderable repairs, and 
 was gradually falling to ruin, when the 
 Parliament interpoied, ^nd ordered a tho- 
 rough reparation at the national expence. 
 
 This venerable fabric has been accord-^ 
 ingly new coated on the outfide, except 
 that part called fienry the Seventh's chapel, 
 which is indeed a feparate building : and 
 the weft end has been adorne4 with two 
 new ftately towers that have been lately 
 rebuilt, in fuch a manner as to be thought 
 equal in point of workmanfhip to any part 
 pf the ancient buildings but though fuch 
 pains have been taken in the coating, to 
 preferve the ancient Gothic grandeur, that 
 thi§ church in its diftant prolpedt has al] 
 
ABB 
 
 9 
 
 the venerable majefly of its former ftate, 
 yet the beautiful carving v^ith which it 
 was once adorned, is irretrievably loft; 
 the buttrelTes, once capped with turrets, 
 are now made in plain pyramidical forms, 
 and topped with freeftone; and the ftatues 
 of our ancient Kings that formerly ftood in 
 niches, near tb? tops of thole buttrefles, arc 
 for t;he moft part rernoved, and their bro- 
 ken fragments lodged in th^ roof of Henry 
 the Seventh's chapeU Three of thefe ftatues 
 are ftill ftanding ne^ft the towers on the 
 jiorth fide, and indeed that is the only lide 
 where you can take a view of the Abbey, 
 the other fi^e being fo incumbered with 
 buildings, that even its fituation cannot be 
 diftineuiftied* 
 
 What next to the i^ew towers principally 
 engages the attention on the outfide, is 
 the Gothic portico which leads into the 
 north crofs, which by fome has been ftiled 
 tie Beautiful or Solomons Gate. This was 
 probably built by Richard II. as his arms 
 carved in ftone was formerly over the gate. 
 It has been lately beautified, and over it i§ 
 * a new ^jvindow admirably well executed, 
 Befides thefe there is little in the outward 
 appearanc9 capable of engaging the atten- 
 tion. 
 
tion, and its principal beauties are to ht 
 found within. 
 
 The author of the work entitled Englijh. 
 'ArchiteBurey feems to prefer the Gothic 
 to the Grecian architecture, as moft fuited 
 to the purpofes of devotion, and gives this 
 edifice as an inftance, " There is in it, 
 fays he, ' a majefty and grandeur, a 
 *^ fedate, and if we may fo fpeak, reli- 
 gious dignity, which immediately flrikes 
 *^ the imagination ; and never failed to 
 imprefs on the moft infenfible obferver, 
 that holy awe which fhould attend, and 
 which always difpofes the mind to de- 
 votion." But this holy awe, thus me- 
 chanically incited, would be as friendly to 
 Paganifm as to Chriftianity ; and indeed^ 
 this awe is fo far from being holy, that it 
 is a thing intirely diftind: from rational 
 piety and devotion, and may be felt with- 
 out any inclination to enter the choir. 
 
 Indeed the multiplicity of puerile orna- 
 ments profufcly lavifhed, the ftrong and 
 beautiful perlped:ive, and that romantic 
 air of grandeur fo vifible in this ftru^ure, 
 and above all the height of the middle ille 
 at our firft entrance, fill the eye, ftrike us 
 \xi a very forcible manner, and at once raife 
 
 cur 
 
A B B 
 
 li 
 
 our admiration and aftonilliment. To which 
 let it be added, that the ranges of vene- 
 rable monuments on each hand, fome of 
 them moft magnificent, have a natural 
 tendency to ftrike the mind with an un- 
 common degree of folemnity, and to raife 
 the moft ferious reflexions. 
 
 The extent of the building Is very con- 
 fiderable; for it is 360 feet within the 
 Walls, at the nave it is 72 feet broad, and 
 at the crofs 195. The Gothic arches and 
 fide illes are fupported by 48 pillars of grey 
 marble, each compofed of clufters of very 
 jQender ones, and covered with ornaments. 
 The moment you enter the weft door the 
 whole body of the church opens itfelf at 
 once to your view, the pillars dividing the 
 nave from the fide ifles being fo formed as 
 not to obftru6l the fide openings, nor is 
 your fight terminated to the eaft, but by 
 the fine painted window over Edward the 
 Confefibr s chapel, which anciently, when 
 the altar was low, and adorned with the 
 beautiful llirine of that pretended faint, 
 muft have afforded one of the fineft pro-- 
 fpefts that can be imagined. 
 
 The pillars are terminated to the eaft by 
 a fweep, inclofing the chapel of Edward 
 the Confefibr, in a kind of femicircle. And 
 
 it 
 
12 ABB 
 
 it is worthy of obfervation, that as far as 
 the gates of the choir, the pillars are fil- 
 letted with brafs, but all beyond with 
 ftone. Anfwering to the middle range of 
 pillars, there are others in the wall, which 
 ;as they rife, Ipring into femiarches, and 
 are every where met in acute angles by 
 their oppofites, and meeting in the roof 
 iire adorned with a variety of carvings. 
 On the arches of the pillars are galleries of 
 double columns fifteen feet wide, covering 
 the fide ifles, and enlightened by a middle 
 range of windows, over which there is 
 an upper range of larger windows, and 
 by thefe, together with the four capital 
 windows, facing the north, eaft, fouth 
 and weft, the whole fabric is fo admira- 
 bly enlightened, that in the day you are 
 never dazzled with its brightnefs, nor 
 incommoded by its being too dark. But 
 before wc leave thefe capital windows, 
 which are all finely painted, it is neceflary 
 to obferve, that in the great weft window 
 is a curious painting of Edward III. to the 
 left of which in a fmaller window is a 
 painting of one of our Kings, fuppofed to 
 be Richard 11. but the colours being of a 
 water blue the features of the face cannot 
 be diftinguilhed. On the other fide the 
 
 great 
 
I 
 
 ABB 
 
 great window is a lively reprefentation of 
 Edward the Confeffor in his robes, and 
 under his feet are painted his arms. At 
 the bottom of the walls between the pillars 
 are fhallow niches, arched about eight or 
 ten feet high, on which the arms of the 
 original benefactors ^vt depidted, and over 
 them are their titles, &c. but thefe are 
 almoft all concealed by the monuments of 
 the dead placed before them, many of 
 which are extremely noble, and which we 
 fhall particularly examine after having gone 
 through the feveral parts of the edifice. 
 
 After viewing the open part of the 
 church, the next thing to be leen is the 
 choir, which can only be done during the 
 times of divine fervice. The grand en- 
 trance into it is bv a pair of fine iron gates, 
 on each fide of which is a very magnificent 
 tomb. The floor is paved with the fineft 
 black and white marble. The ancient 
 flails are covered with Gothic acute arches, 
 fupported by fmall iron pillars, and are 
 painted purple ; but what is moft worthy 
 of obfervation, is an ancient portrait near 
 the pulpit, of Richard II. fitting in a gilt 
 chair, drelTed in a green veft flowered w^ith 
 gold, with gold ilioes powdered with pearls. 
 This piece is fix feet eleven inches in length, 
 
 and 
 
14 
 
 ABB 
 
 and three feetfeven inches in breadth > but 
 the lower part is much defaced. 
 
 The next thing worthy of obfervation is 
 the fine altar encios'd with a curious baluf- 
 trade, within which is a pavement of mo- 
 faic work, laid at the expence of Abbot 
 Ware, in the year 1272, and is faid to be 
 one of the moft beautiful of its kind in the 
 world : the ftones of which it is compofed 
 are porphyry, jafper, lydian and ferpentine. 
 The altar is a beautiful piece of marble,, 
 removed from Whitehall, and prefented to 
 this church by order of her majefty Queen 
 Anne. On each fide of the altar are doors, 
 opening into St. Edward's chapel. 
 
 Of the feveral Chapels in TVeJlminJlef 
 Abbey. Befides that of Henry VIL which, 
 as we have already obferved, is a feparate 
 building, and will therefore be mentioned 
 by itfelf when we have finifhed our furvey 
 of the Abbey, there are ten chapels, round 
 that of St. Edward the Confeffor, which 
 ftands as it were in the center, and, as has 
 been faid, is inclofed in the body of the. 
 church, at the eaft end of the choir, behind 
 the altar; thefe, beginning from the north, 
 crofs, and pafFing round to the fouth crofs, 
 are in the following order : St. Andrew*s^, 
 St. Michael's, St. John the Evangelift s, 
 : ^ iilip> 
 
rA B B 
 
 lllip's chapel, St, John the Baptift's, St. 
 Paul's, Henry the Fifth's, St. Nicholas's, 
 St. Edmund's, and St. Benedid's, 
 
 J'/be Chapel of St. Edward. Tho. firfi 
 curiofity that here fixes our attention, is 
 the ancient jfhrine eredled by Henry IIL 
 upon the canonization of Edward King of 
 England, the third of that name before the 
 conqueft, and the lafi: of the Saxon race y 
 a Prince who owed the title of Confefibr 
 and Saint, to the vaft fums he beftowed on 
 the church, and the follicitations of the 
 monks, than to his own perfonal merit : 
 for he was a bad fon, a bad hulband, and ib 
 bad a king, that he fhewed greater favour 
 to the Normans than to his own people, and 
 by his folly prepared the way for the con- 
 queft. He died in the year 1066, and was 
 canonized by Pope Alexander IIL in i26g. 
 This fhrine, which v/as once efteemed the 
 glory of England, is now much defaced 
 and negletled. It wascompoied of fcones of 
 various colours, beautifully enriched with 
 . all the coft that art could devife. No 
 fooner was it erefted, than the wealth of 
 the kingdom flowed to it from all quarters. 
 Henry IIL fet the firft example, though he 
 afterwards made ufe of the jewels and trea- 
 fure he offered there^ to defi-ay the cliarges 
 
|6 ABB 
 
 of an expedition into France. Before this 
 fhrine Was a lamp kept continually burn- 
 ing, on one fide ftood a filver image of the 
 bleffed Virgin, which with two jewels of 
 immenfe value, were prefented by Queeil 
 Eleanor, the wife of Henry III. on the 
 other fide ftood another image of the Vir- 
 gin Mary, wrought in ivory, prefented by 
 Thomas Becket, Archbifhop of Canter- 
 bury. Here alfo Edward I. offered the 
 Scots regalia and chair, in w^hich the kings 
 of Scotland ufed to be crowned, which is 
 ftill preferved and fhewn to all ftrangers. 
 And about the year 1280, Alphonfo, third 
 fon to the laft mentioned king, offered 
 here the golden coronet of Llewellyn, 
 Prince of Wales, and other jewels ; but it 
 would almoft fill a volume to enumerate 
 the offerings made at this fhrine. Yet it 
 is now fo ftripped as to afford no fatis- 
 fadtion, except to the curious ; however 
 fome of the flone-work with which it is 
 adorned, is ftill to be feen. This ftone-work 
 is hollow w^ithin, and now enclofes a large 
 cheft, which Mr. .Keep, foon after the 
 coronation of James 11. found to contain 
 the remains of St. Edward 3 for it being 
 broken by accident, he difcovered a num- 
 ber of bones, and turning thejn up, found 
 z a cru*^ 
 
ABB 
 
 17 
 
 a crucifix, richly ornamented cind enameU'd 
 with a gold chain of twenty inches long, 
 both which he prefented to his Majefty> 
 who ordered the bones to be replaced in 
 the old coffin, and enclofed in a new one 
 made very ilrong, and clamp'd with iron. 
 
 On the fouth iide of this fhrine lies 
 Editha, daughter to Goodwyn, Earl of 
 Kent, and Queen to St. Edward, with 
 whom llie lived eighteen years, and tho' 
 fhe was the moft accomphlhed woman of 
 that age, confeffed on her death-bed, that 
 he fufFered her to live and die a virgin ; 
 and,' as an ancient manufcript in the Cotron 
 library has it, natheiees, tho' the Kinge 
 had a wyfe, he lived ev'moe in chafteto, 
 and clennes, wythowten any fleililey 
 dedes doynge wyth his wyfe the Queen, 
 " and fo dyd the Queen on her fyde/' She 
 furvived her hulband eight years, and be- 
 held all the miferies confequent upon his 
 dying without iffue, ' She was however 
 treated with great refped: by William the 
 Conqueror, who allowed her an apartment 
 in the King's palace at VVinchefter, where 
 fhe died, and was interred here, by his 
 exprefs orders. 
 
 Near the remains of this Princefs lie 
 YoL.l. C thofe 
 
ABB 
 
 thofe of Queen Maud, furnam'd the Good, 
 the daughter of Malcolm Conmair, King 
 of Scotland, to whom fhe was efpoufed, 
 in order to unite the Saxon and Norman 
 lines, and thereby to reconcile the affec- 
 tions of the Englifh to the future Kings 
 that fliould fpring from them. She died 
 on the iith of May 1118. This excel- 
 lent Princefs was diifinguifhed by her ma- 
 ny virtues, particularly her humility, and 
 her placing her chief delight in relieving 
 the poor. 
 
 On the north fide of this chapel is the 
 tomb of Henry III. the pannels are of 
 polifh'd porphyry, and around them is mo- 
 laic work of gold and fcarlet. At the cor- 
 ners of the table are tvv^ifted pillars, gilt, 
 and enameird, and upon it is placed the ef- 
 figy of that King in brafs gilt, finely exe- 
 /cuted. He died in 1272, aged 65, after 
 a troublefome reign of 56 years. 
 
 At the feet of the lafi: mentioned Prince 
 lies the effigy of Eleanor, Qii^en to Ed- 
 ward I. On the fides of this monument 
 are engraven the arms of Caftile and Leon, 
 quarterly, and thofe of Ponthieu, hang- 
 ing on vines and oak-trees, and round the 
 copper verge is emboffed this infcription in 
 Saxon chara6ters ; 
 
 4 i<^y 
 
ABB 
 
 Icy gift Alianor Jadts Reyne de Angleterre^ 
 Femme ah Re. Edward Fiz. 
 That is. 
 
 Here lies Eleanor ^ once ^een of England^ 
 
 Wife to King Edward. 
 
 It is remarkable, that the body of this 
 Queen was only interred here, and that 
 her heart was placed in the choir of the 
 friars predicants in London. 
 
 There is alio here a large plain coffin of 
 grey marble, cornpofed of feven ftones, 
 four of which form the fides, two the ends, 
 and one the cover. This rough unpoliflied 
 tomb enclofes the body of the glorious 
 King Edward I. juft mentioned, who was 
 born on the 17th of June 1239. He was 
 named Edward, in honour of Edward the 
 ConfefTor, and afterwards furnamed Long 
 Shanks, from his tall and flender habit of 
 body. This brave prince died on the 7th 
 of July 1307, aged 68. 
 
 In this chapel is a tomb of black mar- 
 tie, to the memory of Phiiippa, the third 
 daughter to William Earl of Heinault, 
 and Queen to King Edward III. who be- 
 ftowed a profufion of expence on her tomb, 
 round which v/ere placed as ornaments, 
 the brazen ftatues of no lef$ than thirty 
 
 C 2 Kings, 
 
20 
 
 ABB 
 
 Kings, Princes, and noble perfonagea ber 
 relations. 
 
 Tho' Edward III. was interred in the 
 fame grave as the Queen, he has a monu- 
 ment erefted for him adjoining to hers, 
 covered with a Gothic canopy. The ef- 
 figy of this Prince, who died June 2 1 
 1377, lies on a tomb of grey marble, and 
 at his head are placed the lliield and fword 
 carried before him in France : the latter is 
 feven feet long, and weighs eighteen 
 pounds. This tomb was, like the former, 
 ilirrounded with ftatues, particularly with 
 thofe of his children. 
 
 Next to this is the tomb of Richard II. 
 and his Queen, over which is a canopy of 
 wood, remarkable for a painting of the 
 Virgin Mary and our Saviour ftill vifible. 
 This Prince was murdered on Valentine's 
 day 1399, and on the robing of his effigy 
 are curioufly wrought, peafcod fhells open^ 
 and the peas out, perhaps in allulion to 
 his being once in full poffeffion of fove- 
 reignty, which before his murder, was re- 
 duced to an empty title. 
 
 Between St. Edward's flirine, and the 
 tomb of Queen Pliilippa, under a large 
 {lone, once plated v/ith brafs, lies the great 
 
 Thomas 
 
^ A B B 
 
 21 
 
 Thomas of Woodftock, Duke of Gloucefter, 
 and uncle to the above Richard 11. who 
 murdered him on the 8th of September, 
 1397, for being too free and too faithful a 
 monitor. 
 
 Here is alfo a table monument in me- 
 mory of Margaret, daughter to Edward IV. 
 ' by his Queen Elizabeth Woodville ; and 
 a fmall monument of black Lydian mar- 
 ble finely polifhed, in memory of Elizabeth 
 Tudor, the fecond daughter of Henry VIIL 
 who died at three years of age. 
 
 Henry the Fiftlis Cbapeh is only parted 
 from St. Edward's by an iron fcreen, on 
 each fide of which are ftatues as big as the 
 life. His monument, which is furround- 
 ed with iron rails and gates, is of black 
 marble, and upon it is placed his ftatue ; 
 but what is very remarkable, it lies with- 
 out the head. Your guides fay, that the 
 body is heart of oak, and the head of beat- 
 en filver 'y as were alfo the fcepter and 
 other enfigns of royalty with which this 
 fiatue was adorned; but that the value of 
 thefe occafioned their being facrilegioufly 
 taken away. This is by fome writers repre^ 
 fcnted at a ridiculous tale. Over this tomb 
 i6 a chauntry chapel, in which the weapons, 
 C 3 armour. 
 
22 
 
 A fe B 
 
 armour, and caparifbns of Henry V. were 
 carefully laid up, and remain to this day. 
 
 Near this tomb Jies enclofed in an old 
 wooden cheft, the remahis of Catharine, 
 daughter of Charles VL King of France, 
 and the confort of Henry V. She died 
 on the 2d of January 1437, ^^"^ 
 nourably interred in the chapel erected by 
 Henry III. but when her grandfon Hen- 
 ry Vn. pulled down that to build his 
 own chapel, her body was taken up, when 
 the bones appeared firmly united, and 
 thinly covered with flefh ; but the coffin 
 being decayed, was put into a wooden 
 cheft, and removed to the place where it 
 is now feen. This is the account given 
 by thofe who fliew this venerable duft, the 
 miferable remains of a lady of royal bloody 
 and of diftingui£hed beauty. 
 
 'T^e Chapel of St. ^ndrew^ which is 
 next the northern crofs, has in thq center 
 a magnificent monument eredted to the 
 memory of Sir Francis Norris, anceftor to 
 the late Sir John Norris, In the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth he diftmguifhed himfelf 
 by his bravery in the Low Countries, and 
 |, was created Lord Norris of Rycot. This 
 monument has a fine reprefentation of an 
 
 encamp-^ 
 
ABB 
 
 23 
 
 encampment in relief, and is otherwife 
 beautifully ornamented ; but has no in- 
 fcription. 
 
 Againft the eaft wall is a table monu- 
 ment to the memory of Sir John Burgh, 
 who was killed in 1594, in taking a large 
 Spanifh fhip, laden with gold, fiiver and 
 jewels of ineftimable value. 
 
 In one corner is an ancient monument 
 of Robert Kirton, that has feveral labels 
 in black letters round his portrait, which 
 refls upon eagles crov/ned. He died Od:. 3, 
 1466, 
 
 St. Michaers Chapel hzs only one mo- 
 nument worthy of notice, which is that 
 of Sarah, Duchefs of Somerfet ; and mo- 
 ther to the lafl Duke of thai branch of the 
 family. On the bafe fit two charity boys, 
 one on each lide, lamenting the lofs of 
 their great benefaitreis, who is repreient- 
 ed refting upon her arm, under a canopy 
 of ftate, and looking earncltly upon a 
 group of cherubims, ifibing from the 
 clouds above her. Underneath is a Latin 
 infcription, enumerating her many chari- 
 table foundations, and informing us that 
 this excellent Lady died on the 5th of 
 September 1692. 
 
 St. John the Evangelijfs Chapel ^ has in 
 C 4 the 
 
24 
 
 A B B 
 
 the center a curious monument to Sir 
 Francis Vere, a eentleman of the firft re- 
 
 putation for learning and bravery, who 
 particularly diitinguiiLhed himfelf at the 
 battle of N ewport, in which he command- 
 ed in front under Prince Maurice, in the 
 fervice of the States, againft the Spaniards. 
 This great warrior was 30 years in the 
 Dutch fervice, and in 20 of them com- 
 manded the auxiliary troops of England. 
 He died on the 28th of Augufl 1608, in 
 the 54th year of his age. His monument 
 is a table fupported by four knights kneel- 
 ing, on which lie the fever al parts of a 
 complete fuit of armour, and underneath 
 the effigies of Sir Francis, lying, as if un- 
 dreffed, in a loofe gown, on a quilt of ala- 
 bafter. On the bafe is a fhort Latin in- 
 fcription in gold letters, fliewing to whom 
 it belongs ; that he v/as nephew to the 
 Earl of Oxford, and Governor of Portf- 
 mouth and the Brille , and that his dif- 
 confoiate widov/ confecrated this monu- 
 ment to his memory. 
 
 Clofe to the wall is a monument of Sir 
 George Hollis, nephew to Sir Francis Vere, 
 2j\d a Major General under him. On the 
 pedeftal is reprefented the f ege of a town 
 in relief, where the principal figure is a 
 
 General 
 
ABB 
 
 ^5 
 
 General on horfeback holding a battoon, 
 and having one eye blemifhed, perhaps al- 
 luding to the fiege of Newport, in which 
 Sir George alfo gained great honour, and 
 had a horfe killed under him. On each 
 lide of this pedeftal fits a Pallas, lament-^ 
 ing the death of the great warrior, who 
 is reprefented above in the Roman habits 
 ftanding ered: upon a lofty altar, wdth a 
 cherub fupporting the plinth on which he 
 flands. Sir George died in January 1626. 
 An ingenious author fpeaking of this mo- 
 nument, fays, that Sir George was the 
 firft eredl figure fet up in the Abbey ; 
 an attitude, fays he, which I am far 
 from difcommending, for 'tis my opi- 
 nion, ftataes fhould always reprefent life 
 and adlion : 'tis peculiarly adapted to 
 heroes, who ought never to be fuppofed 
 at reft, and fliould have their charac- 
 ters reprefented as lirong as poffible : 
 this before us is bold and manly, though 
 not chafte and elegant : 'tis finely ele- 
 vated too, and the mourning Pallafes, 
 at the bafe of it, are both well fancied 
 and well applied." 
 
 Near Sir Francis's tomb is that of Au- 
 bery de Vere, the laft Earl of Oxford of 
 that name, and Lieutenant General of 
 
 Queen 
 
26 
 
 ABB 
 
 Queen Anne s forces, who died March 1 2, 
 1702. 
 
 In this chapel there are alfo fome antique- 
 monuments ; particularly on the right hand, 
 is that of John de Eaftney, one of the 
 Abbots, who was a great benefactor to 
 this church, and died on the 4th of May 
 1 43 8, A brazen ftatue of this Abbot in 
 his mafs habit, lies upon his tomb. It is 
 remarkable, that in breaking up a grave 
 about thirty years ago, his body was dif- 
 covered in a coffin quilted with yellow fat- 
 tin, having on a gown of crimfon filk, 
 girded round him with a black girdle ; on 
 his legs were white filk ftockings, and 
 over his face a clean napkin doubled up, 
 and laid corner wife. His body and legs 
 are faid to have been plump and firm, but 
 his face fomewhat difcoloured. 
 
 There is like wife here the monument of 
 Sir John Harpedon, Knt. v/ho died in. 
 1457. He lies in armour, refting his feet 
 on a lion, and his head on a greyhound. 
 
 St. Erafmuss, or IJlifs Chapeh has but 
 two monuments worthy of notice ; the firil 
 that of John Iflip, Abbot of Weflminfter, 
 the founder of this bhapel, which he de-- 
 dicated to St. Erafmus. It is adorned 
 with much carving in devices, intagUos, 
 
ABB 
 
 27 
 
 and febufes, alluding to the name of the 
 founder, as a perfon flipping bouglig off a 
 tree ; an eye with the flip of the tree ; and 
 a youth fliding from a bough, v/ith I JI^^ 
 in a label proceeding out of his mouth. In 
 the middle is Iflip's tomb which is a plain 
 marble table, fijpported by four fmali brafs 
 pillars ; over it was anciently painted on 
 the roof, a picture of our Saviour on the 
 crofs. He died in January 15 10. 
 
 The other is the tomb of Sir Chrifcopher 
 Hatton, fon to Chriftopher Hatton, Lord 
 Chancellor of England. The fyrincipal 
 figures are a knight in armour, and a lady 
 in deep mourning refl:ing on the afcending 
 fides of a triangular pediment, parted in 
 the middle by a trunklefs helmet. Over 
 their heads is a neat piece of architedluie, 
 in the center of which is a fcroli with 
 their arms, held up by naked boys, one of 
 whom holds an extinguifhed torch re- 
 verfed over the Knight, to fliew that Sir 
 Chriftopher died firft ; the other over the 
 Lady holds his torch upright and burning, 
 to fignify that flie furvived him. The in- 
 jfcription informs us, that Sir Chriftopher 
 died on the loth of September 16 19. 
 
 Over this chapel is a chauntry, in which 
 are two large waiiifcot preftes, filled with 
 
 the 
 
28 
 
 ABB 
 
 the efHgies of Princes, and others of high 
 quality, interred in the Abbey. Thefe 
 effigies, 'tis fai4> refembled the deceafed as 
 near as poffible, and were formerly expofed 
 at the funerals of our Princes and other 
 great perfonages, in open chariots, with 
 their proper enfigns of royalty or honour. 
 Thofe here depofited arc all maimed, fome 
 ftripped, and others in tattered robes ; but 
 the moft ancient are the leaft injured, 
 which feems as if the value of their cloaths 
 had occalioned this ravage ; for the robes 
 of Edward VI. that were once of crimfon 
 velvet, but now appear like leather, are 
 left entire; while thofe of Queen Eliza- 
 beth and King James I. are taken away, 
 as is every thing of value from all the reft. 
 
 St. Jo/bn Baptijl's Chapely contains feve- 
 ral monuments : one at the entrance is to 
 the memory of Mrs, Mary Kendall, the 
 daughter of Thomas Kendall, Efq; ftie 
 died in her thirty- third year, and her epi- 
 taph informs us, that her many virtues 
 rendered her every way worthy of that 
 clofe union and friendlhip, in which ftie 
 lived with Lady Catharine Jones j and 
 in teftimony of which, ftie defired that 
 even their afties, after death, might not 
 be divided ; and therefore ordered her- 
 
ABB 
 
 29 
 
 felf here to be interred, where fhe knew 
 that excellent Lady defigned one day to 
 reft, near the grave of her beloved and 
 religious mother, Elizabeth Countefs of 
 Kendall/' 
 
 Next to this is a monument erefted to the 
 memory of Co]. Edward Popham, and his 
 Lady, whofe ftatues in white marble ftand 
 under a lofty canopy, refting their arms in 
 a thoughtful pofture upon a marble altar, 
 on which lie the gloves of an armed 
 knight. This gentleman was an adlive 
 officer in Cromwell's army, and his at- 
 chievements were here infcribed on his 
 tomb. Upon the reftoration, the monu- 
 ment was ordered to be demolifhed, and 
 the infcription erafed ; but at the intercef- 
 lion of fome of his Lady's relations, who 
 had eminently ferved his Majefty, the ftone 
 whereon the infcription was cut was only 
 turned inwards, and no other injury done 
 to his monument. 
 
 In the midft of this chapel is a large 
 table monument for Thomas Cecil, Earl of 
 Exeter, Baron Burleigh, Knight of the 
 Garter, and Privy Counfellor to King 
 James L whereon is placed his ftatue lying 
 down, with his Lady on his right fide, 
 and a vacant fpace on his left for another. 
 
 The 
 
ABB 
 
 The Lady on his right fide is his iiril wife 
 the Lady Dorothy Nevil, daughter to the 
 Lord Latimer ; and the vacant fpaee was 
 left for his fecond wife, Frances Bridges, of 
 the noble family of Chandois , but as the 
 right fide was taken up, fhe gave exprefs 
 orders in her will, not to place her effigy 
 on his left, however, according to the in- 
 fcription, they are all buried together in 
 one vault. 
 
 But the moft magnificent monument in 
 this chapel is againft the eafi: wall, where 
 flood the altar of St. John Baptifi: ; this was 
 erected to the memory of tienry Carey, 
 firft coufin to Queen Elizabeth, who, on 
 being denied the honours of peerage, laid 
 the difappointment fo much to heart, that 
 he languiilied for a long time on a fick bed, 
 at which the Queen being moved, too late, 
 created him a Baron, and ordered the pa- 
 tent and robes to be laid before him, but 
 without effedlv He died on the 23d of 
 July 1596, aged feventy-two. 
 
 Here alfo is a monument to Thomas 
 Carey, fecond fon to the Earl of Mon- 
 mouth, who is faid to have died of grief 
 in 1648, at the age of thirty-three, on ac- 
 count of the untimely fate of his royal 
 mafter King Charles L 
 
 Here 
 
ABB 
 
 Here are likewife a few antique monu- 
 ments, particularly one in which the figure 
 of a Bifhop properly habited, lies under a 
 Gothic canopy. This is fuppofed to be 
 eredled for Thomas Rathal, Bifhop of 
 Durham, who died in 1524. 
 
 And an ancient ftone monument for 
 William of Colchefter, whofe effigies lie 
 with the head fupported by an angel, and 
 the feet by a lamb. 
 
 Sf. Paiirs Chapely has on the left hand, 
 a lofty monument ere£ted to the memory 
 of Sir John Puckering, Knt. and Lord 
 Chancellor in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 in which office he died on the 20th of 
 April 1596. His epitaph in Latin over 
 his effigies, is thus tranllated : 
 
 The pubiick care and laws engag'd my breaft. 
 To live was toilforne, but to die is reft ; 
 
 Wealth, maces, guards, crowns, titles, things that fade. 
 The prey of Time and fable Death are made. 
 
 Virtue inspires Mek. 
 
 His Wife this ftatue rears to her lov'd fpoufe. 
 The teft of conftancy and marriage vows. 
 / truji I Jhatt fee the Lord in the Land of the Living. 
 
 Adjoin- 
 
32 
 
 I 
 
 ABB 
 
 Adjoining to this monument, is one^ 
 much decay d, for Sir James Fullerton and 
 his Lady, whofe effigies lie upon it, and 
 on a table of black marble is the following 
 quaint infcription : 
 
 Here lie the Remains of Sir James Fuller- 
 ton> Knt. firft Gentleman of the Bed- 
 chamber to King Charles the Firft (Prince 
 and King) a generous Rewarder of all 
 Virtue, a fevere Reprover of all Vice, a 
 profeft Renouncer of all Vanity. He 
 was a firm Pillar to the Commonwealth, 
 a faithful Patron to the Catholic Church, 
 a fair Pattern to the Britifti Court. He 
 lived to the Welfare of his Country, to 
 the Honour of his Prince, to the Glory 
 of his God. He died fuller of Faith 
 than of Fear, fuller of Refolution than 
 of Pain, fuller of Honour than of Days. 
 There is a monument eredted to the 
 memory of Sir James Bromley, Chancellor 
 to Queen Elizabeth, who died on the 1 2th 
 of April 1587. This monument is of 
 alabafter, with pillars of Lydian marble 
 gilt, and Sir James is reprefented lying in 
 his Chancellor's habit, with his four Ions 
 and four daughters kneeling on the bafe. 
 
 In the fame chapel is a plain monument 
 of Sir Dudley Carlton, who for his fer- 
 
 vicas 
 
A B B 
 
 33 
 
 \^ices to King James I. and King Charles 
 was made Vifcount Dorchefter, and Secre- 
 tary of State. He died on the 15th of 
 February 163 1, and is reprefented on his 
 tomb fitting in a half rais'd pofture. 
 
 To the eaft of this monument is another 
 of alabafter to the memory of Frances the 
 wife of Thomas RatcUffe^ Earl of Sufiex, 
 who diflinguillied herfelf by her humanity 
 and generofity, and died on the 15th of 
 April 1589- She is reprefented in a re- 
 cumbent pofture, refting on an embroider- 
 ed cufhion, dreffed in robes, and with a 
 coronet on her head. 
 
 Next to this is the monument of Francis 
 Lord Cottington of Han worth, who died 
 on the 9th of June 1652, and of his Lady 
 who died in 1633. This monument is of 
 black touchftone, and remarkably different 
 from every other in the Abbey. On the 
 top is a circular frame of gilt brafs, en- 
 clofing the buft of the Lady, and beneath 
 is his Lordfliip on a table monument reft- 
 ing on his left arm, and over a fatyr s head 
 is the infcription in Englifh mentioning 
 his Lordfhip's titles and employments, 
 
 St. Nicholas s Chapel contains feveral re- 
 markable monuments : near the entrance is 
 one of black marble, finely polifhed, to the 
 
 Voj^.L D memory 
 
34 
 
 ABB 
 
 memory of the Lady Jane Clifford, youngeft 
 daughter to the Duke of Somerfet, and 
 wife to Charles Lord Clifford and Dungar- 
 van, who died Nov. 23, 1679. This black 
 monument is adorned with cherubims and 
 a fcroll of alabafter, whereon is written a 
 long infcription in Englifh, containing an 
 account of the Lady's defcent and marriage. 
 
 By the door on the fame fide, is a mo- 
 nument of alaballer eredted for Lady Cecil, 
 the daughter of Lord Cobham, who hav- 
 ing married Sir Robert Cecil, fon to Wil- 
 liam Lord Burleigh, Treafurer of England, 
 died in child-bed in 1591. The Latin in- 
 fcription is a dialogue between herfelf and 
 hufoand, expreffmg their mutual affedtion* 
 
 At fome diftance is a magnificent temple 
 of various coloured marble, ered:ed to the 
 memory of Anne Duchefs of Somerfet, 
 wife to Edward Duke of Somerfet, She 
 died on the i6th of April 161 8, aged 
 twenty-eight. The infcription is in La- in 
 and Englifh, and contains a pompous de- 
 tail of the noble lineage of this great Lady, 
 her alliances and iffue. 
 
 In this chapel is likewife a very expen- 
 five monument, eredted by the great Lord 
 Burleigh, to the memory of his wife Mil- 
 dred, and their daughter the Lady Anne, 
 
 Countefs 
 
ABB 
 
 2S 
 
 Countefs of Oxford, reprefenting a ftately 
 temple built with porphyry, and other kinds 
 of marble gilt. It is divided into two 
 compartments, one elevated over the other. 
 In the lower lies Lady Burleigh, in a re- 
 cumbent poflure, with her daughter Lady 
 Jane in her arms ; and at her head and 
 feet are her children and grand-children 
 kneeling. In the upper compartment is 
 the figure of a venerable old man, fuppofed 
 to be the Lord Burleigh, on his knees, as if 
 at fervent prayer. The Lady Burleigh died 
 April 4, 1589, aged lixty-three, after be- 
 ing forty years married, and her daughter, 
 the Lady Oxford, June 5, 1588. On the 
 tomb is a long Latin infcription, explaining 
 the figures, and difplaying their relpedlive 
 virtues and accompliiliments. 
 
 The next monument I fhall mention in 
 this chapel, is that of the Lady Winifrid, 
 married firft to Sir Richard Sackville, Knt. 
 and afterwards to John Pauiet, Marquis of 
 Winchefter. On the bafe are the figures of 
 a Knight armed and kneeling, and facing 
 him a Lady in mourning alfo on her knees ; 
 behind whofe back lies an infant on a bap- 
 tifmal font with its head fapported by a 
 pillow. 
 
 D 2 In 
 
3« 
 
 ABB 
 
 In the middle of the chapel is a fine ralfed 
 monumentof poliflied marble, to the memory 
 of Sir George Villars and his Lady, whofe 
 fon was raifed by King James L to the dig- 
 nity of Duke of Buckingham. 
 
 In this chapel are two beautiful pyramids ; 
 the largeft erefted to the memory of 
 Nicholas Bagnal,a child of two months old, 
 overlaid by his nurfe ; the other to the 
 memory of Anna Sophia Harley, a child of 
 a year old, daughter to the Hon. Chrifto- 
 pher Harley Embafladorto the French King. 
 She died in the year 1600, and her father, 
 as appears by the infcription, caufed her 
 heart to beinclofed in a cup, and placed upon 
 the top of the pyramid. 
 
 There are alfo in thischapel, a monument 
 to the memory of the Lady Elizabeth Fanes, 
 and one or two others, fcarcely worth 
 notice. 
 
 T/je Chapel of St. Edmiindy has at the en- 
 trance a lofty monument with Gothic fpires 
 eredted to the memory of John of Eltham, 
 fecond fon to King Edward TIL and fo called 
 from Eltham in Kent. His flatue in ar- 
 mour is of white alabafter, the head in- 
 circled by a coronet. He died in Scotland 
 at nineteen years of age, unmarried, tho* 
 
 three 
 
A B B 
 
 37 
 
 three different matches had been propofed 
 to him, the laft of which, to Mary daughter 
 of Ferdinand King of Spain, he accepted, 
 but hved not to confummate it. 
 
 Next to this is a fmall table monument, 
 on which lie the effigies of WiUiam of 
 Windfor, and Blanch of the Tower, thefon 
 and daughter of Edward III. They took 
 their furnames from the places of their 
 birth, and both died in their infancy. They 
 are dreffed in the habits of the times, the 
 young Prince in a fhort doublet, of the in- 
 decency of which Chaucer's parfon com- 
 plains, and the Princefs in a horned head- 
 drefs, which Stow fays, was frightful. 
 
 On another tomb lies the ftatue of the 
 Lady Frances, Duchefs of Suffolk, repre- 
 fented dreffed in her robes. She was the 
 daughter of the famous Charles Brandon by 
 Mary the French Queen, daughter to Henry 
 VIL and became Duchefs of Suffolk by 
 marrying Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorfet, 
 who, upon her father s deceafe, was created 
 Duke of Suffolk. On her tomb are two in- 
 fcriptions, the firft in Latin verfe in praife 
 of her virtues, and the other in Englifh, 
 fhewing her different marriages. 
 
 The next is an elegant monument of 
 white marble, erefted by John Earl of 
 
 D 3 Clare, 
 
38 
 
 ABB 
 
 Clare, to the memory of his fon Francis 
 HoUis, a youth of great bravery, who^ 
 after returning from making a campaign in 
 Flanders, died on the 1 2th of Auguft 1622^, 
 aged eighteen. He is reprefented clad in 
 Grecian armour, fitting on a Greek altar. 
 A good author mentioning this ftatue, fays, 
 that it exprelTes more juvenile fweetnefs 
 and beauty, than any thing of the kind he 
 ever faw, and that if this figure has any 
 fault in character or defign, it is being 
 placed in a languid fedentary pofture, tho' 
 cloathed in armour, and defcribed as a hero 
 in his bloom ; a more fpirited attitude, he 
 obferves, would have been more fuitable to 
 the perfon reprefented, would have given 
 the flatuary greater latitude to exert his 
 genius, and afforded more fatisfadtion to 
 the fpedtator- The epitaph on this is as 
 follows : 
 
 What fo thou haft of nature or of arts. 
 Youth, beauty, ftreiigth, or what excelling parts 
 Of mind and body, letters, arms, and worth. 
 His eighteen years, beyond his years brought forth ; 
 Then (land, and read thyfelf within this glafs. 
 How foon thefe perifli, and thy felf may pafs ; 
 Man's life is meafur'd by the work, not days, 
 No aged floth, but aftive youth hath praife. 
 
 On 
 
ABB 
 
 39 
 
 On an altar, in the fame tafte, but differ- 
 ently ornamented, fits the ftatue of the Lady 
 Elizabeth Ruffel, the daughter of Lord 
 Ruffeh This ftatue is of white al abater, 
 and the Lady is reprefented in a fleeping 
 pofture- Your guides fay, that (he died 
 with a prick of her finger ; but this flory 
 has no other foundation, than a mifappre- 
 henfion of the ftatuary's defign ; for having 
 reprelented her afleep, and pointing with 
 her finger to a death's head under her right 
 foot, it has been fuppofed, by the pofitiori 
 of her finger pointing downwards, that it 
 was bleeding, and that this had clofed her 
 eyes in death ; though the artift's defign 
 feems rather to allude to the compofed fi- 
 tuation of her mind at the approach of 
 death, which fhe confidered only as a pro- 
 found fleep, from which fhe was again to 
 wake to a joyful refarredtion, of which the 
 motto under her feet, is an evident illuilra- 
 tion ; Dormify non mortua eft \ ^' She is not 
 dead, but fleepeth." The Latin infcription 
 on the fcroil beneatli, only tells that this 
 monument was ereded to her memory by 
 her afflided fifter Anne. The device is an 
 eagle, the emblem of eternity, refting on a 
 fiorilege ofrofes, &c. 
 
 D 4 Within 
 
40 
 
 ABB 
 
 Within the iron r^ils that inclofe this 
 laft monument, is a magnificent one to the 
 memory of John Lord Ruflel, fon and heir 
 to Francis Earl of Bedford, and of his young 
 fon Francis, by EUzabeth the daughter of 
 Sir Anthony Cook, Knt. This monument 
 is of various coloured marble and alabafter, 
 and is adorned with gilding. Lord Ruflel 
 is reprefented lying in his robes, with his 
 infant fon at his feet. His Lady, who ere6led 
 this tomb, was eileemed the Sappho of the 
 age, and was not only an excellent poetefs, 
 but miftrefs of the learned languages ; and 
 five epitaphs on this tomb are of her com- 
 pofition, three of which are in Latin, one 
 in Greek, and the other in Englifh, which 
 laft is here tranfcribed as a fpecimen of the 
 reft, that are to the fame purpofe : 
 
 Right noble twice, by virtue, and by birth. 
 Of Heaven lov'd, and honoured ©n the earth : 
 His country's hope, his kindred's chief delight. 
 My hufband dear, more the world's fair light. 
 Death hath me 'reft. But I from death will take 
 His memory, to whom this tomb I make. 
 John was his name (ah, was !) wretch, muft I fay ; 
 Lord Rufiel once, now my tear-thirfty clay. 
 
 In 
 
ABB 
 
 41 
 
 In this chapel is a monument partly en- 
 clofed, to the memory of Talbot Earl of 
 Shrewlbury and his Lady, who are repre- 
 fented lying on a black marble table fup- 
 ported by an alaballer pedeftaL This 
 monument is adorned with variegated 
 marble finely carved. The infcription con- 
 tains his titles and character, which is a very 
 noble one, and informs us that he died on 
 the 8th of February 16 17, in the fifty- 
 feventh year of his age. 
 
 In this chapel are feveral other monu- 
 ments, adorned in their ancient manner, 
 with ftatues lying flat on the backs ; and 
 alfo feme other monuments affixed to the 
 walls. 
 
 T^he Chapel of St. BenediSl, which is that 
 next to the fouth-crofs, has a monument 
 ereiled to the memory of Lionel Cranfield 
 Earl of Middlefex, Lord High Treafurer 
 of England in the reign of King James L 
 This monument was eredled by his reiid: 
 the Lady Anne, and is of black marble, on 
 which are two ftatues in a recumbent pof- 
 ture, reprefenting his Lordfnip lying in his 
 robes, with his Lady. It has a long Latin 
 infcription, reprefenting his various employ- 
 ments and honours, and that he finilhed his 
 
 life 
 
42 
 
 ABB 
 
 life in a retired leifure, and died on the 6th 
 of Auguft 1645, ^g^^ feventy. 
 
 On the eaft fide, where ftood the altar 
 of St. Benedict, is a monument of various 
 kinds of marble, in memory of Lady 
 Frances Countefs of Hertford, who died on 
 the 14th of May 1598, in the forty-fourth 
 year of her age. It is of various kinds of 
 marble, and the Countefs is in the old tafte 
 reprefented in her robes, lying with her 
 head refting on an embroidered cufhion, 
 and her feet on the back of a lion. 
 
 On the fouth fide of this chapel is a table 
 monument of white marble to the memory 
 of George Sprat, the fecond fon of Dr. 
 Sprat, Bifhop of Rochefter, an infant of a 
 year old. 
 
 Near it is the monument of Dr. Gabriel 
 Goodman, the firfl Dean of this church, 
 who founded an hofpital, and inftituted a 
 fchool at Rathven in Denbighfhire, where 
 he was born. He was a perfon of great 
 piety, and was the firft who raifed the 
 learned Camden from obfcurity. He is 
 reprefented kneeling, in his proper habit. 
 He died in 1601. 
 
 T'he Toombs in the open parts of the Abbey. 
 I . At the corner of the laft mentioned 
 
 chapel 
 
A B B 
 
 43 
 
 chapel is a plain neat monument to the 
 memory of Mr. Dryden, adorned with no 
 other ornaments than an elegant bufl of 
 that great poet. It was eredled by the late 
 Duke of Buckingham, who thought no in- 
 fcription neceffary to tranfmit the fame of 
 that great poet to poflerity; v/e therefore 
 only fee thefe few words, J. Dryden, 
 born 1632, died May i, 1700. and under- 
 neath, John ShefField Duke of Bucking- 
 hamfliire eredied this monument, 1720. 
 
 2. High on a pillar is a neat table mo- 
 nument to the memory of Mrs. Martha 
 Birch, who died in 1723, in the fiftieth 
 year of her age. The infcription alfo in- 
 forms us, that fhe was daughter to Francis 
 Viner, Efq; and was firft married to Francis 
 Millington, Efq; and after his death to 
 Peter Birch, Prebendary of this Abbey ; 
 and that ilie v/as pious, chafle, and 
 prudent, 
 
 3. At a fmall diflance is a plain neat mo- 
 nument, to the memory of Abraham Cow- 
 ley, on which is placed a flaming urn, begirt 
 with a chaplet of laurel 3 expreffive em- 
 blems of the glory he acquired by the fpirit 
 of his writings. The Latin infcription and 
 epitaph on the pedeftal have been thus 
 tranflated. 
 
 Near 
 
44 ABB 
 
 Near this place lies Abraham Cowley, the Pin- 
 dar, Horace, and Virgil of England ; and the de- 
 lij^ht, ornament, and admiration of this age. 
 
 While, facred bard, far worlds thy works proclaim, 
 
 And you furvive in an immortal fame, 
 
 Here may you blefs'd in pleafing quiet h*e. 
 
 To guard thy urn may hoary Faith ftand by ; 
 
 And all thy favourite tuneful Nine repair 
 
 To watch thy duft with a perpetual care. 
 
 Sacred for ever may this place be made. 
 
 And may no defperate hand prefume t' invade 
 
 With touch unhallow'd, this religious room, 
 
 Or dare alfront thy venerable tomb ; 
 
 Unmov'd and undifturb'd till time {hall end. 
 
 May Cowley's duft this marble flirine defend. 
 
 So wifhes, and defires that wifli may be facred to pof- 
 terity, George Duke of Buckingham, who erefled this 
 monument for that incomparable man. He died in 
 the forty-ninth year of his age, and was carried from 
 Buckingham-houfe, with honourable pomp, his exe- 
 quies being attended by perfons of illuftrious characr 
 ters of all degrees, and interred A uguft 13, 1667. 
 
 His grave is juft before the monument, 
 as appears by a blue ftone, on which is en- 
 graved his name. 
 
 4. The 
 
ABB 
 
 45 
 
 4. The monument of that ancient poet 
 Geoffery Chaucer, was once a handiome 
 one in the Gothic ftile ; but is now de- 
 faced by time. Chaucer, who is fliled the 
 Father of the EngUfh poets, was the fon of 
 Sir John Chaucer, a citizen of London, 
 employed by Edward III. in negociations 
 abroad relating to trade. He was firft a 
 ftudent at Cambridge ; but afterwards 
 ftudied at Merton College, Oxford ; and to 
 perfe6t himfdf in the knowledge of the 
 laws, entered himfelf of the Middle Temple : 
 thus accomplilhed, he foon became a fa- 
 vourite at court, and was employed as 
 fhieM- bearer to the King ; was a gentle- 
 man of the bedchamber, and by Edward III. 
 was fent EmbalTador abroad. However, in 
 the fucceeding reign he fell into difgrace, 
 and w as committed to the Tower for high- 
 treafon, where he wrote his Teflament of 
 Love : but upon the death of Richard IL 
 he became a greater favourite at court than 
 ever, from his having married the great 
 John of Gaunf s wife's fifter. He was born 
 in 1328, and died in 1400. 
 
 5. The plain monument of Mr. John 
 Phillips, has his bull: in relief, reprefented 
 as in an arbour, intervoven with vines, 
 laurel branches, and apple-trees ; and over 
 
 it 
 
46 
 
 ABB 
 
 it this motto, Honos erit hutc quoque pomdf 
 alluding to the high qualities afcribed to 
 the apple, in his excellent poem called 
 Cyder. He was author of but few pieces ; 
 but thofe were mafterly performances. 
 His Blenheim, Splendid Shilling, and Lyric 
 Ode to Lord Bolingbroke on Tobacco, have 
 been much admired. He was the fon of 
 Dr. Stephen Phillips, Archdeacon of Sa- 
 lop, was born at Brampton in Oxfordlliire 
 on the 30th of December 1676, and died 
 of a confumption at Hereford, on the 15th 
 of Februaiy, 1708, in the prime of his 
 life. The infcription on his monument 
 contains an account of his virtues and abili- 
 ties, and is the ftrongeft teftimony of his 
 merit, lince that alone could infpire his 
 great patron Sir Simon Harcourt, Knt. 
 with fuch a generous friendfhip for him, as 
 to countenance and encourage him in the 
 ampleft manner when living ; and to ex- 
 tend his regard for him even after his death, 
 by eredling this monument to his memory. 
 
 6. Next this is Mr. Michael Drayton's 
 monument. This gentleman was efteemed 
 an excellent poet, and learned antiquarian. 
 The infcription and epitaph were formerly 
 in gold letters , but are now almofl oblite- 
 rated, and are as follow : 
 
 Ml- 
 
ABB 47 
 
 Michael Drayton, Efq; a memorable Poet of his 
 Age, exchanged his Laurel for a Crown of Glory, 
 Aniio 163 I • 
 
 Do, pious marble ! let thy Readers know 
 V/hat they, and what their Children owe 
 To Drayton's Name, whofe facred dull 
 We recommend unto thy truft ; 
 
 Protect his mem'ry and preferve his ftory ; 
 
 Remain a lading Monument of his Glory 5 
 And when thy Ruins fliall difclaim 
 To be the Treafurer of his Name : 
 His Name, that cannot fade, (hall be 
 
 An everlafting Monument to thee. 
 
 7. Ben Johnfon's monument is of white 
 marble, and his buft is executed with great 
 happinefs and fpirit ; 'tis inciofed vnth a 
 tablature ornamented with a few proper and 
 elegant decorations, conlilling of emble- 
 matical figures : and has no other infcrip- 
 tion but the words O rare Ben Johnson,! 
 This gentleman was the fon of a clergy- 
 man, and educated at Weftminfter fclioolj^ 
 while Mr. Camden was Mafter ; but after 
 his father's death, his mother marrying a 
 bricklayer, he was forced from ichool, 
 and being obliged to work for his father, 
 'tis faid, that at the building of Lincoln's- 
 Inn, he w^as fometime-s feen at work with 
 
 Z hh 
 
48 ABB 
 
 his trov/el in one hand, and Horace in the 
 other. However, Mr. Camden having an 
 efteem for him on account of his abiUties, 
 recommended him to Sir Walter Raleigh. 
 He attended that brave man's fon in his 
 travels, and upon his return, entered him- 
 felf at Cambridge ; afterv^ards he wrote a 
 confiderable number of plays ; became Poet 
 Laureat to King James I. and died on 
 the 1 6th of Auguft 1637, aged 63. His 
 tomb was eredied by the Earl of EfTex, 
 who has infcribed his own name on the 
 ftone. 
 
 8. Spenfer's tomb is of grey marble, 
 and has fuffered greatly by time. It was 
 erefted in an age when tafte was in its in- 
 fancy in England, and yet has fomething 
 in it venerably plain, and not abfurdly or- 
 namental. The infcription upon it is as 
 follows : 
 
 Here lies (expecting the fecond coming of 
 our Saviour Chrift Jefus) the Body of 
 Edmund Spenfer, the Prince of Poets in 
 his time, v/hofe divine Spirit needs no 
 other witnefs than the works he left 
 behind him. ~ He was born in London 
 in 1 5 10, ^aud died 1596, 
 
 9. Above Spenfer's monument is that of 
 Samuel Butler, the author of Hudibrafs. 
 
 Bv 
 
ABB 
 
 By the Latin infcription, it appears, that it 
 was eredled by John Barber, Efq; Citizen 
 ofLondon> and afterwards Lord Mayor in 
 173 T, that he who was deftitute of all 
 things when alive, might not want a monu- 
 ment when dead. Mr. Butler was born at 
 Shernfham in Worcefterfhire in 1 6 1 2, and 
 died at London in 1680* 
 
 10. A plain and neat monument of 
 white marble in memory of that divine poet, 
 John Milton, who died in 1674. Under 
 a very elegant buft made by Ryfbrack is this 
 infcription : 
 
 In the year of our Lord Chrijft 1737* this 
 buft of the author of Paradife Lojt was 
 placed here by William Benfon, Efq; one 
 of the two auditors of the impreft to hi$ 
 Majefty, &c. 
 
 1 1 • A mcnument eredled to the memory 
 of Thomas Shadwell, is adorned with his 
 buft crowned with achaplet of bays,anurn^ 
 and other decorations. It was erected to 
 his honour by his fon Dr. Thomas Shad- 
 well, and the Latin infcription informs us, 
 that he was defcended from, an ancient fa- 
 mily in Stafforddiire; was Poet Laureat and 
 Hiftoriographer in the reign of King Wil^ 
 liam, and died November 20, 1692, in 
 the fifty-fifth year of his age* This poet 
 
 Vol, L E Wa3 
 
50 A B B 
 
 was the author of feveral plays ; but falling 
 under the la{h of Mr. Dry den, was fatirized 
 by him under the charadter of Ogg, in the 
 fecond part of his Abfalom and AchitopheL 
 
 12. The monument of Matthew Prior, 
 is adorned with great expence* On one 
 fide of the pedeftal ftands the figure of 
 Thalia, one of the Mufes, with a flute in 
 her hand ; and on the other Hiflory, with 
 her book fliut ; between thefe llatues is 
 Prior's buft upon a raifed altar, and over it is 
 a handfome pediment, on the afcending fides 
 of which are two boys, one with an hour- 
 glafs in his hand run out; the other holding 
 a torch reverfed. On the apex of the pedi- 
 ment is an urn, and on the bafe of the 
 monument is a long infcription in Latin, 
 mentioning the public pofcs and employ- 
 ments with which he had been intrufted ; 
 and above we are informed, that while he was 
 writing the hiftory of his own times, death 
 interpofed, and broke both the thread of 
 his difcourfe and of- his life, on the i8th 
 of September 1 72 1 , in the fifty-feventh year 
 of his age, 
 
 1 3 . The monument of St. Evremond is 
 a very plain one, adorned with a buft. The 
 infcription obferves, that he w^as of a noble 
 family in Normandy, and was employed in 
 
 .the 
 
Abb 
 
 the army of France, in which he rofe to 
 the rank of a Marfhal ; but returning to 
 Holland, was from thence invited by King 
 Charles IL into England^ where he lived 
 in the greateft intimacy with the King and 
 principal nobility ; more particularly with 
 the Duchefs of Mazarine. He was of a very 
 Iprightly turn of humour^ as well in his 
 converfation as writings, and lived to the 
 age of ninety, v/hen he was carried off by 
 a fit of the ftrangury, on the 9th of Sep- 
 tember 1703. 
 
 14. The monument ereded to the me- 
 mory of the immortal Shakefpear, a print 
 of which we have here given, is worthy of 
 that great dramatic writer, and both the 
 defign and execution are extremely elegant^ 
 Upon a handfome pedeftal ftands his ftatue 
 in white marble in the habit of the time 
 in which he lived, with one elbow leaning 
 upon fome books, and his head reclined 
 upon his hand, in a pofture of medita- 
 tion. The attitude, the drefs, the fhape^ 
 the genteel air, and fine compofure ob- 
 fervable in this figure of Shakefpear, 
 cannot be fufficiently admired, and the 
 beautiful lines of his upon the fcroU are 
 happily chofen. 
 
 E ^ Thf 
 
ABB 
 
 The cloud-cap'd towers, the gorgeous palaces. 
 The folemn temples, the great globe itfelf 5 
 Yea, all which it inherits, fliall diflblve, 
 And like the bafelefs fabric of a vifion. 
 Leave not a wreck behind. 
 
 Immediately over his head upon a curi- 
 ous piece of dark-colpured marble, is the 
 follov/ing infcription, in capital letters 
 raifed in gold : 
 
 GULIELMO SfIAKESPEAR 
 
 Anno Post mortem cxxiv. 
 Amor Publicus posuit. 
 
 The heads on the pedeftal reprefenting 
 Henry V. Richard III. and Queen Eliza- 
 beth, three principal charailers in his plays, 
 are likewife proper ornaments to grace 
 his tomb. In Ihort, the tafte that is here 
 Ihewn, does honour to thofe great names 
 under whofe dire6lion,by the public favour, 
 it was fo elegantly conjftrucSled ; thefe were 
 the Earl of Burlington, Dr. Mead, Mr. 
 Pope, and Mr. Martin. It was defigned 
 by Kent, and executed by Scheemakers ; 
 and the expence defrayed by the grateful 
 contributions of the public. 
 
ABB 
 
 53 
 
 Mr. Fleetwood, then Mafter of Drury- 
 Lane Theatre, and Mr. Rich of Covent- 
 Garden, gave each a benefit, arifing froni 
 one of his own plays, towards it, and the 
 Dean and Chapter made a prefent of the 
 ground. 
 
 15. The next monument is a very fine 
 one to the memory of Nicholas Rowe, Efq; 
 and his only daughter. On a pedeilal about 
 twenty inches high, which ftands on an 
 altar, is a fine burl: of Mr. .Rowe ; near it 
 is his Lady in the deepeft affliclion, and 
 between both, on a pyramid behind, is a 
 medalion, with the head of a young Lady 
 in relief. On the front of the pedeilal . is 
 this infcription : 
 
 To the memory of Nicholas Rowe, Efq; who died in 
 1718, aged forty-five, and of Charlotte his only 
 daughter, wife of Henry Fane, Efq; who inheriting 
 her father's fpirit, and amiable in her own innocence 
 and beauty, died in the 23d year of her age, 1739. 
 
 Underneath upon the front of the altar 
 are thefe lines : 
 
 Thy reliques, Rowe ! to this fad (hrine we truft^ 
 And near thy Shakefpear place thy honoured buft. 
 Oh ! Ikill'd, next him, to draw the tender tear, 
 For aever heart felt paiTion more fmcere : 
 
 E 3 T« 
 
54 
 
 ABB 
 
 To nobler fentiments to fire the brave. 
 For never Briton more difdain'd a flave ! 
 Peace to thy gentle (hade, and endlefs reft, 
 Bleft in thy genius, in thy love too bleft ! 
 And bleft, that timely from our fcene removMj 
 Thy foul enjoys that liberty it loy'd. 
 
 To thefefo mourn'd in death, folov'd in life, 
 The childlefs Mother, and the widov^'d Wife, 
 With tears infcribes this monumental ftone, 
 That holds their allies, and expefts her own. 
 
 1 6. Near this laft, is a fine monument 
 credled to the memory of Mr. John Gay, 
 by the Duke and Duchefs of Qu^enf- 
 berry, his great patrons. His buft is a 
 very good one, and the mafks, inftruments 
 of mufic, and other devices, are blended to- 
 gether in a group, in allufion to the various 
 ipecies of writings in which he excelled, as 
 farce, fatire, fable, and paftoral. The 
 fhort epitaph in the front, was written by 
 himfelf, and has given fome offence, as the 
 fentiment at firll: view feems by no means 
 proper for a monument j; ^ 
 
 Life is a jeft, and all things fhew it : 
 J thought fo once, but now I know it. 
 
 Under^ 
 
ABB 
 
 55 
 
 Vnderneath are thefe lines : 
 
 Of manners gentle, of afFeftions mild ; 
 In wit, a man ; fimplicity, a child ; 
 With native humour tempering virtuous rage, 
 Form'd to delight, at once, and lafh the age : 
 Above temptation in a low eflate. 
 And uncorrupted, ev'n among the great. 
 A fafe companion, and an tafy friend ; 
 Unblam'd thro' life, lamented in thy end. 
 Thefe are thy honour's ; not that here thy buft 
 Is mix'd with Heroes, or with Kings thy duft ; 
 But that the Worthy and the Good fhall fay. 
 Striking their penfive bofoms — Here lies Gay. 
 
 A, Pope. 
 
 Here lie the afhes of Mr. John Gay, the warmeft friend, 
 the gentleft companion, the moft benevolent man ; 
 who maintained independency in low circumftances 
 of fortune ; integrity, in the midft of a corrupt age; 
 and that equal ferenity of mind, which confcious 
 goodnefs alone can give, throughout the whole courfe 
 of his life. Favourite of the Mufes, he was led by 
 them to every elegant art, refined in tafte, and 
 fraught with graces all his own. In various kinds of 
 poetry, fuperior to many, inferior to none : his 
 works continue to infpire what his example taught; 
 contempt of folly, however adorned ; deteftation of 
 
 E 4 vice^ 
 
ABB 
 
 vice, however dignified ; reverence of virtue, however 
 difgraced, 
 
 Charles and Catharine, Duke and Duehefs of 
 Queenfberry, who loved his perfon living, and 
 regret him dead, have cauled this monument to be 
 erected to his memory, 
 
 17, The next is a moil magnificent, 
 lofty and elegant monument, eredtedto the 
 late Duke of Arg^yie, enaofed with rails, 
 and decorated with figures finely executed. 
 The ftatue of the Duke is fpirxted even at 
 the verge of life. On one iioc of the bafe 
 is Pallas, and on the other Eloquence ; the 
 one looking forrowfully up at the principal 
 figure above, and the other pathetically dif- 
 playing the public lofs at his death. Above 
 is the figure of Hiftory, with one hand 
 holding a book, and with the other writ- 
 ing on a pyramid of moll beautiful varie- 
 gated marole, admirably poli{hed, the name 
 and titles of the Hero in large gold letters, 
 JOHN DUKE OF ARGYLE AND 
 GR. at which point the pen ofHifi:ory 
 refts. His a6lions are fuppofed to be con- 
 tained in the book fhe holds in her other 
 hand, on the cover of which in letters of 
 
 gold 
 
ABB 
 
 57 
 
 gold are infcribed the date of his Grace's 
 death, and the years of his Hfe. Above is 
 infcribed on this beautiful pyramid in gold 
 letters, the following epitaph, faid to be 
 written by Paul Whitehead, Efq; 
 
 Britain, behold, if patriot worth be dear, 
 A fhrine that clainivS thy tributary tear : 
 Silent that tongue admiring Senates heard : 
 Nervelefs that arm oppoung legions fear'd : 
 Norlefs, O Campbell ! thine the pow'r to pleafe. 
 And give to grandeur all the grace of eafe. 
 Long from thy life let kindred heroes trace 
 Arts which ennoble ftill the nobl eft race. 
 Others may owe their future fame to me, 
 I borrow immortality from thee. 
 
 On the bafe of the monument is this in- 
 fcription : 
 
 Jn memory of an honeft man, a Gonfi:ant friend, John 
 the Great Duke of Argyle and Greenwich, a General 
 and Orator exceeded by none in the age he lived. 
 Sir Henry Fermer, Baronet, by his laft will left the 
 fum of five hundred pounds towards ere£i:ing this mo- 
 nument, and recommended the above infcription. 
 
 19. The monument of Ifaac Barrow^ 
 p. D. is remarkable for a fine bull of that 
 
 great 
 
58 ABB 
 
 great divine and mathematician, who, as 
 the infcription fhews, wasChaplain to King 
 Charles IL Head of Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge j ProfefTor of Geometry at Grefham 
 College in London, and of Greek and Ma- 
 thematics at Cambridge. He died on the 
 14th of May 1677, aged forty-feven. 
 
 19. A table monument of white marble, 
 eredled to the memory of Sir Richard Cox, 
 who was tafter to Queen Elizabeth, and 
 King James L and to the latter fteward of 
 thehoulliold. 
 
 20. A neat monument erected to the 
 memory of the learned Ifaac Cafaubon, by 
 Dr. Moreton, Bifhop of Durham. That 
 profound fcholar and critic whofe name is 
 infcribed upon it, was born in France, and 
 in his younger years was keeper of the royal 
 library at Paris ; but at length being dif- 
 fatisfied with the Romilb religion, he, up- 
 on the murder of his great patron Henry IV, 
 quitted his native country, and at the 
 earneft entreaty of King James I. fettled in 
 England, where he died in 16 14, aged 
 forty-five. 
 
 21. Above this laft monument, is an- 
 other for John Earneft Grape, a perfon well 
 fkilled in oriental learning, who is repre- 
 fented as large as the life, fitting in a 
 
 thought- 
 
ABB 
 
 59 
 
 thoughtful pofture upon a marble tomb, as 
 if contemplating on death. 
 
 22. Next to the weft corner of the fouth 
 crofs is an ancient monument to the m':^- 
 mory of that great antiquarran William 
 Camden, w o is reprefented in a half 
 length, in the drefs of his time, holding a 
 book in his right hand, and in his left his 
 gloves. He refts on an altar, on the body 
 of which is a Latin infcription, which men- 
 tions his indefatigable induftry in illuftrat- 
 ing the Britifh antiquities, and his candour, 
 fincerity, and pleafant good humour in pri- 
 vate life. He died Nov. 9, 1623. 
 
 In this fouth crofs are feveral ftones to 
 be met with on the pavement, worthy of 
 notice. Among thefe is one over the body 
 of Thomas Parr, of the county of Salop, 
 born in 1483. He lived in the reigns of 
 ten Princes, King Edward IV, King 
 Edward V. King Richard III. King 
 Henry VII. King Henry VIII. King 
 Edward VI. Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, 
 King James I. and King Charles I. and was 
 interred here Nov. 15, 1635, aged an hun- 
 dred and fifty-two. 
 
 At a fmall diftance from Parr, is a fmall 
 white ftone, over the body of Sir V^illiam 
 Davenant, who fucceeded Ben Johnfon as 
 
 Poet 
 
6o 
 
 ABB 
 
 PoetLaureat to Kiin? Charles L and died in 
 1688, aged fixty-three. On this ftone is 
 infcribed O rare Sir William Da- 
 VENANT ! and this probably gave the 
 thought of putting the like inlcription on 
 the monument afterwards eredled to his 
 predecefTor Ben Johnlbn. 
 
 Under the pavement near Dryden's tomb, 
 lie the remains of Francis Beaumont, the 
 dramatic writer, who died in London in 
 March, 16 15, and was buried here without 
 either tomb or infcription. 
 
 Affixed to the pillars in this fouth crofs, 
 are alfo two table monuments ; which we 
 fhall but juft mention, one for Samuel Bar- 
 ton, D. D. a Prebendary of this church, 
 who died in Sept. 171 5, aged iixty-two : 
 and the other to the memory of Anthony 
 Horneck, D. D. who was born at Witten- 
 berg in Zealand, but was educated at Ox- 
 ford, and became King's Divinity ProfelTor 
 and Chaplain, a Prebendary of this church, 
 and a Preacher at the Savoy. This gentle- 
 man, who was remarkable for his piety, 
 died of the ftone on the 30th of January, 
 1696, aged fifty-fix. 
 
 23. On entering the fouth fide, there is 
 next the wall a monument erefted to the 
 memory of Sophia Fairholm, Countefs of 
 
 Allan- 
 
ABB 
 
 6i 
 
 Anandale. It is the reprefeiitation of an 
 ancient fepulchre, over v/liich a ftately 
 edifice is raifed, ornamented at the top 
 with the family arms. She died in the 
 37ear 171 6, aged forty-fix; and the monu- 
 mental infcription informs us, that it was 
 ered:ed hy her fon the Marquis of Anan- 
 dale, as a mark of his duty and gratitude. 
 
 24. The monument of the brave Sir 
 Cloudelly Shovel, who here appears a very 
 unmeaning figure, with a large Riff wig, 
 repofing himfelf upon velvet cufhions under 
 a canopy of ftate ; and on the bafe is repre- 
 fented in has relief, the (hip AlTociation in 
 which the Admiral laft failed, ftriking 
 againft a rock, v/ith feveral others perifhing 
 at the fame time, and at the top are two 
 boys blowing trumpets. 
 
 This monument has been highly cen- 
 fured by allperfons of tajfi:e,tho' it is eredled 
 to his memory at great expence, and even 
 by his Sovereign Queen Anne. The great 
 Mr. Addifon has juftly expofed it in the 
 Spectators, and complains at this brave 
 rough Englifli Admiral's being here repre-- 
 fented by the figure of a beau ; and alfo 
 cenfures the infcription, which inftead of 
 celebrating the many remarkable actions he 
 had performed in the fervice of his country, 
 
 only 
 
62 
 
 ABB 
 
 only informs us of the manner of his death, 
 from which it was impoflible to reap any 
 honour, tho' it may excite our pity. The 
 infcription is as follows : 
 
 Sir Cloudelly Shovel, Knt. Rear Admiral 
 of Great Britain, and Admiral and Com- 
 mander in chief of the fleet — the juft 
 reward of his long and faithful fervices. 
 Hewasdefervedly beloved of his country, 
 and efteemed, tho' dreaded by the 
 enemy, who had often experienced his 
 condud: and courage. Being fhip- 
 wrecked on the rocks of Scylly, in his 
 voyage from Toulon, the 2 2d of Octo- 
 ber 1707, at night, in the 57th year 
 of his age. His fate was lamented by all, 
 but efpecially by the feafaring part of the 
 nation ; to whom he was a generous pa- 
 tron, and a worthy example. His body 
 was flung on the fhore, and buried wdth 
 others in the fand ; but being foon after 
 taken up, w^as placed under this monu- 
 ment, which his royal Miflrefs had caufed 
 to be erected to commemorate his fteady 
 loyalty and extraordinary virtues. 
 
 25. The monument of George Stepney, 
 Efq; has his buft under a canopy, and two 
 
 naked 
 
ABB 
 
 63 
 
 naked boys weeping and holding handker- 
 chiefs at their eyes. This monument, 
 though the materials are very rich, is al- 
 lowed to be void of delign, and but poorly 
 executed. The Latin infcriptions give an 
 account of his virtues, his learning and 
 abilities, and the many negociations in 
 which he was employed at foreign courts. 
 He died at Chelfea in 1706. 
 
 26. A lofty and much more elegant 
 monument for George Churchill, whofe 
 merits are mentioned in a long Latin in- 
 fcription, where it is faid that he was the 
 fecond fon of Sir Winfton Churchill, of 
 Dorfetfliire, Knt. and a not unworthy bro- 
 ther of John Duke of Marlborough : that 
 he was early trained to military affairs, and 
 /erved with great honour by fea and land, 
 under King Charles IL King James IL 
 King William IIL and Queen Anne : that 
 he was Admiral of the Englifh fleet, at the 
 burning of the French fleet at La Hogue, 
 in King William's reign^ and for his bravery 
 there, made one of the Commiffioners of 
 the Admiralty : that in the fucceeding reign 
 he was made Admiral In chief, and died on 
 the 8th of May 171 8, aged fifty-eight. 
 
 27. Near that of Churchill's, is a ftately 
 monument eredted for Sir Palmes Fair- 
 
 4 bonie. 
 
64 
 
 ABB 
 
 borne. Two pyramids of black marble 
 ftanding on cannon balls, have two Moorifh 
 Emperors heads in profile on their tops ; 
 thefe pyramids are adorned v/ith relievos, 
 on one Sir Palmes is {hot while viewing 
 the enemy's lines before the town ; and on 
 the other is a hearfe and fix horfes bringing 
 him off' wounded to the caftle. Above in 
 a lofty dome are the arms of the deceafed, 
 with this motto underneath, tutus si 
 FORT IS, and over his arms a Turk's head 
 on a dagger, by way of creft, which he 
 won by his valour in fighting againft that 
 people in the German war. On this monu- 
 ment is the following infcription : 
 
 Sacred to the immortal memory if Sir Palmes Fair- 
 borne, Knt. Governor of Tangier, in execution of 
 which command, he was mortally wounded by a (hot 
 fronii the Moors, then befieging the town, in the 46tb 
 year of his age, October 24, 1680. 
 
 His epitaph, wrote by Mr. Dryden^rung 
 thus : 
 
 Ye facred rellques, which your marble keep. 
 Here undifturb'd by wars, in quiet fleep : 
 Difcharge the truft, which (v^hen it was below) "1 
 Fairborne's undaunted foul did undergo, J 
 And be the town's palladium from the foe» J 
 
 Alive 
 
ABB 
 
 6s 
 
 Alive and dead thefe walls he will defend : 
 Great adions great examples muft attend. 
 The Candian fiege his early valour knew, 
 Where Turkifli blood did his young hands imbrue ; 
 From thence returning^ with deferv'd applaufe, 
 Againft the Moors his well-flefli'd fword he draws. 
 The fame the courage, and the fame the caufe. 
 His youth and age, his life and death combine, 
 As in fome great and regular defign, 
 All of a piece throughout, and all divine. 
 Still nearer heav'n his virtue fhone more bright. 
 Like rifing flames expanding in their height. 
 The martyr's glory crown'd the foldier's fight. 
 More bravely Britifli General never fell, 
 Nor General's death was e*er reveng'd fo well. 
 Which his pleas'd eyes beheld before their clofe, 
 Follow'd by thoufand vidlims of his foes. 
 To his lamented lofs, for times to come, 
 His pious widow confecrates this tomb, 
 26. On a table monument enriched with 
 military trophies, and raifed againft the 
 wall, is the following infcription : 
 To the memory of the honoured Major 
 Richard Creed, who attended his Ma- 
 jefty King William the Third in all his 
 wars, every where fignalizing himfelf, 
 and never more himfelf than when he 
 looked an enemy in the face. At the 
 glorious battle of Blenheim, Ann. Dom. 
 Vol. L F 1704, 
 
66 
 
 ABB 
 
 1704, he commanded thofe fquadrons 
 that began the attack ; in two feveral 
 charges he remained unhurt ; but in a 
 third, after many wounds received, ftill 
 vahantly fighting, he was £hot through 
 the head. His dead body was brought 
 off by his brother, at the hazard of his 
 own Ufe, and buried there. To his 
 memory his forrowful mother ere6ts this 
 monument, placing it near another which 
 her fon, when Uving, ufed to look upon 
 with pleafure, for the worthy mention it 
 makes of that great man Edward Earl 
 of Sandv/ich, to v/hom he had the ho- 
 nour to be related, and whofe heroic 
 virtues he was ambitious to imitate. 
 
 27. The monument of Sir John Char- 
 din, who diilinguifhed himfelf by his tra- 
 vels into the eafl, is adorned with a globe, 
 w^hich exhibits a view of the different coun- 
 tries he vifited, and around it are repre- 
 f:^nted a number of geographical inftru- 
 ments. 
 
 28. The monument of Sidney Earl of 
 Godolphin is adorned with a buff richly 
 dreffed, and has an infcription which men- 
 tions the employments and honours through 
 which he paffed. He died on September 
 ^5^, 171 2, aged iixty-feven. 
 
 29, The 
 
A B B 
 
 67 
 
 29. The next is a double monument 
 ereAed to the memory of Sit Charles Har- 
 bord, and Clement Cottrel, Efq; On the 
 bafe is reprefented in relievo a dreadful 
 fea-fight, and on the top in a wreath of 
 laurel is this infcription, " To preferve and 
 unite the memory of two faithful friends, 
 who loft their lives at fea together. May 
 28, 1672." Thefe two young gentlemen 
 both perifhed in the Royal James, with 
 the Earl of Sandwich, who commanded in 
 that fhip as Vice- Admiral againft the Dutch 
 in that memorable fight off the coaft of 
 Suffex in the reign of King Charles IL 
 The Royal James being fet on fire. Sir 
 Charles Harbord, firft Lieutenant, though 
 he might have faved himfelf by fwimming 
 as many others did, yet out of pure affec- 
 tion to his worthy Commander, chofe to 
 die with him* Young Cottrel w as a volun- 
 teer, and after being the firft man who had 
 boarded a Dutch (hip of 70 guns, and 
 pulled down her enfign with his own 
 hands, returned to the Royal James un- 
 wounded, and alfo perifhed with his 
 friends. This gentleman underftood feven 
 languages, tho' but twenty-two years of 
 age. This moving ftory is recited at large 
 on the monument. 
 
 F 2 \ 30. A 
 
6$ 
 
 ABB 
 
 30. A tomb ere6led to the memory of 
 Anne Fielding, the firft wife of Sir Samuel 
 Morland, Knt, and Bart, chiefly remark- 
 able for having two very learned infcrip- 
 tions : the firfl, in Hebrew, is to this 
 effedl : 
 
 O thou faireft among women ! O virtuous 
 woman ! The hand of the Lord hath 
 done this. 
 
 The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken 
 away, bleffed be the name of the Lord. 
 
 Under this is an Ethiopia infcription> 
 which has been thus tranflated : 
 Come let us lament over this monument, 
 
 raifed for thee by a beloved hulband ; 
 
 but in certain hope that thou art united 
 
 with Chrift. 
 This Lady was truly religious, virtuous, 
 
 faithful, and, as a dove, mild and chafte; 
 
 while flie continued in life, fhe was 
 
 honoured, and, through mercy, is happy 
 
 in death. 
 
 Under the Ethiopic is this infcription in 
 Englifh : 
 
 Anne, daughter to George Fielding, Efq; 
 and of Mary his wife, the truly loving 
 (and as truly beloved) wife of Samuel 
 
 Mor- 
 
ABB 
 
 69 
 
 Morland, Knt. and Bart, died Feb. 20, 
 
 Ann. Dom. 1679-80. 
 
 3 1 . Near this laft is a tomb much in the 
 fame tafte^ eredred to the memory of Carola 
 Harfnet, the fecond . wife of the fame 
 Baronet, who died in child-bed of her fe- 
 cond fon. Oil. 10, 1674, in the 23d year 
 of her age. Here are two infcriptions, the 
 firft in Hebrew, and the other in Greek, 
 which have been thus tranflated : 
 BlelTed be the Lord, my wife was precious : 
 
 blelfed be thy remembrance, O virtuous 
 woman. 
 
 When I think of thy mildnefs, patience, 
 charity, modefty, and piety, I lament 
 thee, O moft excellent creature, and 
 grieve exceedingly : but not like fuch 
 as have no faith ; for I believe and expert 
 the refurreition of thofe who fleep in 
 Chrift. 
 
 32. Between the two former is a beauti- 
 ful monument to the memory of John 
 Smith, Efcp a fine buft in relievo of that 
 gentleman, is fupported by a weeping figure 
 reprefenting his daughter, both v/hich are 
 defigned and executed with great judgment 
 and fpirit. The Lady fits upon an urn, 
 which, with its bafe and ^ pyramid behind, 
 unite the whole in a moft harmonious and 
 F 3 agreeable 
 
7P 
 
 ABB 
 
 agreeable ftile. On the bafe is a Latin In- 
 fcription, fetting forth his defcent and 
 iffue. 
 
 33. Over the door that opens into the 
 cloillers is a noble and elegant monument 
 erected for General Wade. In the center 
 is a beautiful marble pillar, enriched with 
 military trophies moft exquifitely v/rought. 
 The principal figures, are Fame pufliing 
 back Time, who is eagerly approaching to 
 demolifh the pillar, with all the enfigns of 
 honour, with which it is adorned; the 
 General's head is in a medalion, and the 
 whole is executed with great beauty and 
 elegance. The infcription underneath 
 runs thus : 
 
 To the memory of George Wade, Field- 
 Marfhal of his Majefty's forces, Lieute- 
 nant-General of the ordnance. Colonel 
 of his Majefty's third Regiment of Dra- 
 goon guards, Governor of Fort- William, 
 Fort-Auguftus, and Fort-George, and 
 one of his Majefty's moft honourable 
 Privy Council. He died March 14, 1748, 
 aged feventy-five. 
 
 34. A plain neat monument erected to 
 the memory of Robert Cannon, D. D. 
 Dean of Lincoln, and Prebendary of this 
 
 church. 
 
ABB 
 
 7^ 
 
 cliurch/ who died on the 28th of March 
 1722, aged fifty-nine. 
 
 35. An elegant monument of Mrs. 
 Katharine Bovey. Faith is here reprefented 
 with her book clofed, and Wifdom lament- 
 ing the death of her Patronefs, between 
 which is the Lady's head in relief enciofed 
 in . an annulet of black marble curioufly 
 veined. The infcription, which is in Eng- 
 lifh, gives an excellent charadler of the 
 deceas'd, who died on the 2ifl: of January 
 1726, in the feventy-fecond year of her 
 age; and informs us that Mrs. Mary Pope, 
 who lived with her near forty years, in per- 
 fect friendfhip, erected this monument to 
 her memory. 
 
 36. A fmall table monument to the 
 memory of Mr. Henry Wharton, which is 
 only remarkable an account of the diftin- 
 guifhed character of the perfon whofe name 
 is infcribed upon it. Mr. Wharton was 
 Redlor of Chartham in Kent, Vicar of the 
 church of Minller in the lile of Thanet, 
 Chaplain to Archbifhop Bancroft, and 
 one of the moft voluminous writers of 
 his years. He died on the 3d of March 
 1694, aged only thirty-one, and was fo 
 univerfally refpedted by the Bifhops and 
 Clergy, that Archbifhop Tillotfon, and fe- 
 
 F 4 veral 
 
72 
 
 ABB 
 
 veral other prelates, with a vaft body of the 
 clergy, the choir and King s fcholars, all in 
 folemn proceffion attended his funeral, and 
 joined in an anthem compofed on. this occa- 
 lion by the great Parcel. 
 
 37. A plain neat monument erected to 
 the memory of Dr.ThomasSpratt, Bifhop of 
 Rochefter, who died in 171 3, agedfeventy 
 /even, and of his fon Mr. Thomas Spratt, 
 Archdeacon of Rochefter, and Prebendary 
 of the churches of Rochefter, Winchefter, 
 and Weftminfter, whofe remains lie near 
 thofe of his father. This monument was 
 erected by John Friend, M. D. as a tefti- 
 mony of his refjDed: for thofe two worthy 
 perfonages. 
 
 38. A monument for Sir LumleyRobin-^ 
 fon, Bart, of Kentwell-Hall in Suffolk, 
 who by an untimely death ended his life 
 Aug. 6, 1684, aged thirty-fix. It is 
 adorned with columns fupported by death's 
 heads, and the arms upon the bafe by a 
 cherub. The fides of the pediment have 
 enrichments of laurel branches, &c, and on 
 the top is a vafe. 
 
 39. The monument of John Friend, 
 M. D. has an admirable buftof that gentle- 
 man, ftanding on a pedeftal of fine white 
 veined marble, and under it is a long in- 
 
 fcription 
 
ABB 
 
 73 
 
 fcription in Latin, fetting forth the diftin-- 
 guifhed acquirements, and great abilities of 
 that eminent phyfician, 
 
 40, Mr. Congreve's monument has an 
 half length marble portrait of that gentle- 
 man, placed on a pedeftal of fine Egyptian 
 marble, and enriched with emblematical 
 devices relating to the drama. Underneath 
 is this infcription in Englifh : 
 
 Mr. William Congreve died January 19, 
 1728, aged fifty-fix, and was buried 
 near this place. To whofe moft valuable 
 memory this monument is fet up by- 
 Henrietta Duchefs of Marlborough, as 
 a mark how dearly flie remembers the 
 happinefs fhe enjoyed in the fincere 
 friendlhip of fo worthy and honeft a man; 
 whofe virtue, candour and wit, gained 
 him the love and efteem of the prefent 
 age; and whofe writings will be the ad- 
 miration of the future. 
 
 41. The monument of the Right Hon. 
 James Craggs, Efq; his ftatue is reprefented 
 leaning on an urn, and was one of the firft 
 in the Abbey reprefented ftanding. The 
 infcription, which is in golden charafters, 
 fhews that he was Principal Secretary of 
 ftate, and a man univerfally beloved, which 
 is there particularly remarked; becaufe as 
 
 he 
 
74 
 
 A B B 
 
 he was only a fhoe-maker's fon, it is the 
 more furprizing that in the high ftation to 
 which he was raifed by his merit, he fhould 
 efcape envy, and acquire the general efteem. 
 He died on the i6th of February 1720, 
 Upon the bafe of this monument are the 
 following lines, written by Mr, Pope : 
 
 Statefman, yet friend to truth, of fcul fincere. 
 
 In adlion faithful, and in honour clear ! 
 
 Who broke no promife, ferv'd no private end ; 
 
 Who gain'd no title, and who loft no friend ^ 
 
 Ennobled by himfelf, by all approv'd ; 
 
 Prais'd| wept, and honour'd by the Mufe he lov'd, 
 
 42. On the fouth fide of the great weft 
 entrance is a noble monument ereiled to 
 the memory of the brave Captain Corn- 
 wall, who after diftinguifhing himfelf by 
 his heroifm, was unhappily flain in the 
 battle between the Englilh fleet, com- 
 manded by the Admirals Matthews and 
 Leftock, and the French. This monu- 
 ment was erefted to his honour by order 
 of Parliament, and is a noble teftimony of 
 the pubhc gratitude for his diftinguifhed 
 merit. On the back is a lofty pyramid of 
 Egyptian marble beautifully variegated, and 
 finely polifhed;, fi:anding on a bafe of the 
 
 fame 
 
A B B 
 
 75 
 
 fame marble. Upon this bafe is a rock of 
 white marble, along the different parts of 
 which run fea weeds. Near the top flands 
 a fine figure of Fame, placing a medalion 
 of the Captain on the fummit of the rock, 
 underneath which is a naval crown, a 
 globe, the trumpet of Fame, and other 
 ornaments, and behind rifes to the top of 
 the pediment a palm, entwined with a 
 laurel. On the other fide of the medalion 
 ftands a beautiful figure of Britannia, with 
 the Britifh Lion couchant at her feet. Be- 
 neath, in an opening of the rock, is a La- 
 tin infcription on a fine piece of polifhed 
 porphyry, mentioning his defcent, and the 
 manner of his death, which happened 
 while fighting for his country, on the 3d 
 of February 1743, in the 45th year of his 
 age, and that the Senate of Britain confe- 
 crated this monument to his memory. In 
 another opening of the rock, a little lower, 
 is reprefented in bafs relief a view of the 
 engagement in which this great man pe- 
 rifiied, and at the bottom of the rock on 
 the fides lie cannons, flags, anchors, &c. 
 all of white marble. 
 
 43. The next is an elegant monument 
 for Sir Thomas Hardy, Knt. On the 
 back is a lofty pyramid of a bluifli coloured 
 
 .marble^ 
 
76 
 
 ABB 
 
 marble, at the foot of which the flatue of 
 the deceafed is placed, reclining upon a 
 tomb of elegant workman£hip, with a 
 naked boy on his left fide weeping over an 
 urn : the enrichments round the pedeftal 
 on which he ftands are juft and proper ; 
 and the infcription contains the follov/ing 
 fhort hiftory of his life : 
 Sir Thomas Hardy, to whofe memory 
 this monument is erected, was bred in 
 the royal navy from his youth, and was 
 made a Captain in 1693. 
 In the expedition to Cadiz, under Sir 
 George Rooke, he commanded the 
 Pembroke ^ and when the fleet left the 
 coaft of Spain, to return to England, he 
 was ordered to Lagos Bay, where he got 
 intelligence of the Spanifh galleons being 
 arrived in the harbour of Vigo, under 
 convoy of feventeen French men of war: 
 by his great diligence and judgment he 
 joined the Englifli fleet, and gave the 
 Admiral that intelligence which engaged 
 him to make the beft of his way to Vigo, 
 where all the aforementioned galleons 
 and men of war were either taken or de- 
 ftroyed. 
 
 After the fuccefs of that acSion, the Ad- 
 miral fent him with an account of it to 
 
 the 
 
ABB 
 
 77 
 
 the Queen, who ordered him a confi- 
 derable prefent, and knighted him. 
 Some years afterwards he was made aRear- 
 Admiral, and received feveral other 
 marks of favour and efleem from her 
 Majefty, and from her Royal Confort 
 Prince George of Denmark, Lord High 
 Admiral of England* 
 
 44. The monument of John Conduit, 
 Efq; is allowed, in point of defign, to be 
 not inferior to that laft mentioned, and 
 there is fomething in the manner which 
 fhews them both to be the workmanlhip 
 of the fame hand. In the middle of 
 the pyramid is a large medalion of brafs, 
 round which is a Latin infcription, thus 
 englifh'd, John Conduit, Master of 
 THE Mint ; this medalion is fufpended by 
 a cherub above, and refts on another be- 
 low. This gentleman fucceeded his rela- 
 tion the great Sir Ifaac Newton in that of- 
 fice, and defired to be interred near him, 
 as appears from a long Latin infcription on 
 the bafe. He died May 23d, 1727, aged 
 forty-nine. Catharine his wife died Jan. 
 20, 1739, and lies interred under the fame 
 tomb. 
 
 45. The monument of William Her- 
 neck, Efq^ is enriched vvdth books, plans, 
 
 and 
 
78 
 
 ABB 
 
 and inftruments of fortification, alluding 
 to the employments of the deceafed ; who 
 was chief engineer to the royal train of ar- 
 tillery, and, as his infcription informs us, 
 learned the art of war under the great Duke 
 of Marlborough. He died May lo 1743. 
 
 46. The monument of Sir Godfrey 
 Kneller, Knt. has a buft of Sir Godfrey 
 under a canopy of ftate, the curtains of 
 which are gilt and tied with golden firings, 
 and on each fide the buft is a weeping Cupid, 
 one refting on a framed picture, the other 
 holding a painter s pallat and pencils. This 
 monument is not however much efteemed. 
 
 On the pedeftal is a Latin infoiption, 
 lignifying that Sir Godfrey Kneller, Knt. 
 who lies interred here, was painter to 
 King Charles 11. King James II. King 
 William III. Queen Anne, and King 
 George I. Underneath is his epitaph 
 written by Mr. Pope, which has been alfo 
 much cenfured : 
 
 Kneller ! by Heav'n, and not a mafter taught ! 
 Whofe art was nature, and whofe piilures thought 3 
 Now for two ages having fnatch'd from fate 
 Whate'er was beauteous, or whate'er was great, 
 Refts crowned with Princes' honours, Poets' lays, 
 pue to his merit, and brave thirft of praife. 
 
 Living 
 
 \ 
 
ABB 
 
 7^ 
 
 Living, great Nature fear'd he might outvie 
 Her vrorks ; and dying, fears herfelf may die. 
 
 47. We come now to the monument of 
 Anna Countefs Dowager of Clanrikard, 
 which is adorned with excellent carving, 
 and a fine ftatue of that Lady refting upon 
 a tomb. The infcription gives an account 
 of her defcent, marriages, and ilTue, and 
 informs us, that fhe died on the 14th of 
 January 1732, in the 49th year of her age* 
 
 48. The monument of John Woodward, 
 M, D. is a very beautiful one, and the 
 figures moft admirably finifhed. The head 
 of the deceafed is reprefented in profile, in 
 a very mafterly manner, and the Lady who 
 holds it is inimitably performed. The in- 
 fcription contains a panegyric on the parts 
 and learning of the deceased. 
 
 49. A neat plain monument eredled to 
 the memory of Heneage Twifden, a young 
 hero, who fell in the battle of Blairgnies 
 in Hainault, while he was Aid de Camp to 
 John Duke of Argyle, who commanded 
 the right wing of the Confederate army. 
 He was the feventh fon of Sir William 
 Twifden, Bart, and a youth of the greatell 
 expectations ; but the fortune of war put a 
 flop to his rifing merit, in 1709^ and in 
 the 29 th year of his age. 
 
 Near 
 
8o 
 
 ABB 
 
 Near this monument are two fmall ones 
 to the memory of two of his brothers^ 
 Jofiah and John ; Jofiah was a Captain at 
 the fiege of Agremont, near Lille in Flan- 
 ders, and was flain by a cannon fhot in 
 1708, at twenty-three years of age. John 
 was a Lieutenant in the Admiral's fhip, 
 under Sir Cloudefly Shovel, and perifhed 
 with him in 1707, aged twenty-three* 
 
 50. A monument eredled in honour of 
 CoL James Bringfield, ornamented with 
 military trophies, cherubs, &c- and fur- 
 rounded by a mantling enclofing a tablet, 
 on which is infcribed the military prefer- 
 ments of the deceafed, the manner of his 
 death and burial, and the praifes of his 
 piety and virtue. He was born at Abing- 
 don in Berks, ^ was Equerry to Prince 
 George of ^Denmark, and Aid de Camp to 
 the Great Duke of Marlborough ; but was 
 killed by a cannon ball, as he v/as remount- 
 ing his General on a frelli horfe, at the 
 battle of Ramelies, May 12, 1706, and 
 was interred at Barechem in Brabant, in 
 the 50th year of his age. 
 
 51. The monument of Mr. Killegrew 
 has been reckoned one of the beft pieces of 
 fculpture in the whole church, and what 
 is remarkable, is ,cut out of one ftone. 
 
 The 
 
ABB - gi 
 
 ■ The embellifliments are diftind: and very 
 pidturefque, and the infcription> ihort, 
 modeft, and foldier-like. It is as follows: 
 Robert Killegrew^ of Arwenack in Corn- 
 wall, Efq; fon of Thomas and Charlotte, 
 Page of honour to King Charles II. Bri- 
 gadier General of her Majefty's forces^ 
 killed in Spain in the battle of Almanza, 
 April 14, 1707. iEtatis fuae 47. Mi- 
 
 LITAVI ANNIS 24. 
 
 52. The next is a monument erected to 
 the memory of Mrs. Mary Beaufoy, who 
 is reprefented in a devout^ poflu re, with 
 cherubs crowning her : on each fide are 
 Cupids lamenting the early decay of a vir- 
 gin beauty, and underneath the arms of her 
 family quarterly upheld by cherubs. On 
 the bafe is the following infcription : 
 Reader! whoever thou art, let the fight of , 
 this tomb imprint in thy mind, that the 
 young and old without diftindtion, leave 
 this world ; and therefore fail not to fe- 
 cure the next. This Lady was only 
 daughter and heirefs to Sir Henry Beau- 
 foy, of GuysclifFe, near Warwick, by 
 the Hon. Charlotte Lane, eldefl: daugh- 
 ter of George Lord Vifcount Lanfbo- 
 rough. She died July 12, 1705. 
 
 VoL.L 
 
 G 5.3. After 
 
ABB 
 
 53. After pafling by a few monuments 
 unworthy of notice, we come to that of 
 Admiral Baker, adorned with a roftral 
 column of curioully veined marble, deco- 
 rated with the prows of galleys, a Medufa s 
 head, and other naval and military tro- 
 phies, with this fliort infcription under- 
 neath : 
 
 To the memory of John Baker, Efq; Vice- 
 Admiral of the White Squadron of the 
 Briti{h Fleet ; who, when he command- 
 ed in the Mediterranean, died at Port 
 Mahon, Nov. 10, 17^6, aged fifty-fix. 
 He was a brave, judicious and experi- 
 enced officer ; a fincere friend, and a 
 true lover of his country. 
 Manet poji Funera Virtus. 
 
 54. Next to this is Mr. Priefi:man's mo- 
 nument, to which is fufpended by a knot 
 of ribbons, faftened to a column of varie- 
 gated marble, a fine medalion, with the 
 words Henry Priestman, Efq; round 
 the head. Underneath are naval trophies 
 and fea inftruments ; and upon the bafe is 
 an infcription, fliewing that the perfon to 
 whom this monument is erected, was Com- 
 mander in chief of a fquadron of fliips of 
 war in the reign of King Charles II. a 
 Ccmmiffioner of the Navy, and one of the 
 
 Com- 
 
ABB 
 
 83 
 
 Commiffioners for executing the office of 
 Lord High Admiral of England in the 
 reign of King William IIL He died Aug. 
 20, 171 2, aged 65. 
 
 55, The monument of Philip Carteret, 
 fon to Lord George Carteret, who died a 
 King's fcholar at Weftnlinfter, ripe for the 
 univerfity, on the 19th of March 1710, 
 aged nineteen. On the upper part is an 
 admirable buft of this noble youth, and 
 underneath a very fine figure of Time {land- 
 ing on an altar, and holding a fcroll in his 
 hand, whereon is written in Sapphic verfes, 
 ^ lines to the following import, which he is 
 fuppofed to be repeating : 
 
 Why flows the mournful Mufe's tear^ 
 For thee ! cut down in life's full prime ? 
 
 Why fighs, for thee, the parent dear ! 
 Crept by the fey the of hoary Time ? 
 
 Lo ! this, my Boy's the common lot ! 
 
 To me thy memory entruft ; 
 When all that's dear fhall be forgot^ 
 
 I'll guard thy venerable duft. 
 
 From age to age, as t proclaim 
 
 Thy learning, piety, and triith j 
 Thy great example fhall enflame, 
 
 And emulation raife in youth. 
 
 G 2 56. A neat 
 
ABB 
 
 56. A neat monument eredled for Ed- 
 ward de Carteret, the fon of Sir Edward 
 de Carteret, Gentleman Ullier to King 
 Charles 11. who died on the 30th of Oc- 
 tober 1677, in the eighth year of his age. 
 It is ornamented with cherubs and with 
 feftoons of leaves and fruit. 
 
 57. The monument of Thomas Leving- 
 flon, Vifcount Teviot, is decorated with 
 the arms, fupporters, and creft of that 
 nobleman, and with military trophies, al- 
 luding to his profeffion of a foldier. On 
 the face of the monument is a long infcrip- 
 tion in Latin, fhewing that he was born 
 in Holland, but defcended from the Leving- 
 ftons in Scotland; that from his childhood 
 he was trained to arms; and having attend- 
 ed the Prince of Orange into Britain, as a 
 Colonel of foot, rofe to the rank of a 
 Lieutenant-General in the army, and Ge- 
 neral of the Scotch forces, was made 
 Pviafter of the ordnance, and a Privy Coun- 
 fellor; that he fecured Scotland to the 
 King by one decilive adiion on the Spey, 
 for which he was advanced to the dignity 
 of a Vifcount, and that he died on the 
 14th of Jan. 171 o, aged fix ty. 
 
 58. A handfome monument eredled for 
 the Lord Conftable, ornamented with a 
 
 2 ' cherub 
 
ABB 
 
 35 
 
 cherub below, and the family arms above. 
 
 It has this fliort infcription : 
 
 Near this lies the Right Hon. Robert Lord 
 Conftable, Vifcount Dunbar, who de- 
 parted this life Nov. 23, 1714, in the 
 lixty-fourth year of his age. 
 
 59. A plain neat monument for Peter 
 Heylin, D. D, and Prebendary of this 
 church, who died on the 8th of May 
 1662. It is adorned with a pediment, and 
 the arms of the deceafed, and contains a 
 long infcription in Latin, mentioning the 
 moft remarkable incidents in his life. 
 
 60. The tomb of Charles Williams, 
 Efq; adorned with very remarkable fcroll- 
 work, and fcollopping; what is very fmgular 
 is, its being fupported by a death's head on 
 the wings of Time. This gentleman died on 
 the 29th of Auguft 1720, aged eighty-feven. 
 
 61. A fmall but elegant monument 
 erefted to the memory of the celebrated 
 Henry Purcell, Efq; w^ell known by his 
 admirable muiical compolitions. The in- 
 fcription confifls of this fhort and com- 
 prehenfive fentence : 
 
 Here lies Henry Purcell, who left this life, 
 and is gone to that bleffed place, where 
 only his harmony can be exceeded. He 
 died Nov. 21, 1697, in his 37th year. 
 
 G 3 62. The 
 
86 
 
 ABB 
 
 62. The next is the monument of WiI-» 
 liam Croft, Dodor inmulic. On the pedeftal 
 is an organ in has relief, and on the top, a 
 buft of the deceafed. 
 
 63. The tomb of John Blow, Dodor ii^ 
 mulic, is adorned with cherubs, flowers, 
 and a canon in four parts fet to mufic. In 
 the center is an Englifh infcription, by 
 which it appears he was organift, compofer^^ 
 and mafter to the children in the chapel 
 royal thirty-five years, and organift to this 
 Abbey fifteen years j that he was fcholar 
 to Dr. Chriftopher Gibbons ; and mafter 
 to the famous Mr. Purcell, and to moft of 
 the eminent mafters of his tipie. He died 
 06t. I. 1708, in his fijftieth year ; and hisi 
 epitaph obferves, that his own mufical com- 
 pofitions, efpeqially his church mufic, are 
 a far nobler monument to his memory than 
 any other that can be raifed to him. 
 
 64.. We come now to the neat and ele- 
 gant monument erected to the memory of 
 Dr, Boulter, Archbifliop of Armagh in 
 Ireland, It is of the fineft marble beautified 
 with an admirable new invented polifh. 
 The buft of this worthy Archbifhop is 
 finely executed 3 his long flowing hair has 
 all the gracefulnefs of nature, without the 
 fmalleft degree of that ftiffnefs which be- 
 longs 
 
ABB 
 
 87 
 
 longs to ftone ; and his venerable counte- 
 nance ftrikes the beholder with reverence. 
 The enfigns of his dignity v^herewith the 
 monument is adorned, are moft exquilitely 
 fine, and every part about it difcovers a 
 mafterly genius in the fculptor. The in- 
 fcription is inclofed in a beautiful border of 
 porphyry, and is as follows : 
 Dr. Hugh Boulter, late Archbifhop of Ar- 
 magh, Primate of all Ireland, a Prelate 
 fo eminent for the accomplifhments of 
 his mind, the purity of his heart, and the 
 excellence of his life, that it may be 
 thought fuperfluous to fpecify his titles, 
 recount his virtues, or even eredt a mo- 
 nument to his fame. His titles he not 
 only deferved, but adorned j his virtues 
 are manifeft in his good works, which 
 had never dazzled the public eye, if they 
 had not been too bright to be concealed ; 
 and as to his fame, whofoever has any 
 fenfe of merit, any reverence for piety, 
 any paffion for his country, or any cha- 
 rity for mankind, will affift in preferving 
 it fair and fpotlefs, that when brafs and 
 marble fhall mix with the duft they 
 cover, every fucceeding age may have the 
 benefit of his illuftrious example. He 
 was born Jan, 4, 1671, was confecrated 
 G 4 Bifhop 
 
8S 
 
 ABB 
 
 Bifhop of Briftol, 1718, tranllated to 
 the Archbifhopric of Armagh, 1723, 
 and from thence to Heaven, Sept. 27, 
 1742. 
 
 65. A plain table monument eredted to 
 the memory of Dr. Samuel Bradford, Bifhop 
 of Rochefter, who died on the 14th of 
 May 173 1, in the feventy-ninth year of 
 his age. It contains a long Latin infcrip- 
 tion fcarce legible, furrounded with the 
 arms, and proper enfigns of his feveral 
 dignities. 
 
 66. The next is a monument eredled 
 to the memory of Richard Kane, Efq; 
 Governor of Minorca^ adorned with a cu- 
 rious buft of that gentleman in white 
 marble, placed upon a handfome pedellal, 
 whereon are infcribed the moft remarkable 
 palTages of his life. He was born at Down 
 in Ireland, Dec. 20, 1661. In 1689 he 
 firft appeared in a military capacity at the 
 memorable fiege of Derry ; and after the 
 fedu6lion of Ireland, followed King Wil- 
 liam into Flanders, where he diftinguifhed 
 himfelf, particularly by his intrepid behavi- 
 our at the fiege of Namur, where he was 
 grievoufly wounded. In 1702, he bore a 
 commiffion in the fervice of Queen Anne, 
 and affifted in the expedition to Canada ; 
 
ABB 89 
 
 ffom whence he again returned into Flanders, 
 and fought under the Duke of Argyle anci 
 Greenwich, and afterwards under Lord 
 Carpenter, In 171 2, he was made Sub- 
 Governor of Minorca, through which illand 
 he caufed a road to be made, which had 
 been thought impracticable. In 1720 he 
 was ordered by King George L to tlie de- 
 fence of Gibraltar, where he fuftained an 
 eight months fiege againft the Spaniards, 
 When all hope of relief was extinguiflied. 
 For which gallant fervice he was after- 
 wards, by King George 11. rewarded with 
 the government of Minorca, w^here he died 
 Pec. 19, 1736, and was buried in the cafile 
 of St. Philip. 
 
 67. The monument of Percy Kirk, 
 Efq; is adorned with a fine baft of that 
 gentleman, on each fide of which is a wing- 
 ed feraph, one with a dagger in his right 
 hand inverted, and in his left a helmet ; 
 the other refting on a ball, and holding hi 
 his left hand a torch reverfed. The infcrip- 
 tion lets us know, that he was Lieutenant- 
 General of his Majefty's armies ; that he 
 was fon to Percy Kirk, Lieutenant General 
 in the reign of King James II. by the Lady 
 Mary, daughter to George Howard pari 
 
 of 
 
90 
 
 ABB 
 
 of Suffolk, and that he died Jan. i, 1741^ 
 aged fifty-feven. 
 
 68. We come now to the monument 
 erected to the memory of that brave com- 
 mander the Lord Aubrey Beauclerk, orna- 
 mented with arms, trophies, and naval en- 
 figns, and in an oval nich on a beautiful 
 pyramid of dove-coloured marble, is a fine 
 buft of that young Hero. On this pyramid 
 is the following hiftorical infcription : 
 The Lord Aubrey Beauclerk was the 
 youngeft fon of Charles Duke of St. 
 Albans, by Diana, daughter of Aubrey 
 de Vere Earl of Oxford. He went early 
 to fea, and was made a commander in 
 1 73 1. In 1740, he was fent upon that 
 memorable expedition to Carthagena, 
 under the command of Admiral Vernon, 
 in hisMajefty's fhip the Prince Frederic, 
 which, with three others, was ordered 
 to cannonade the caftle of Boccachica. 
 One of theie being obhged to quit her 
 Jftation, the Prince Frederic was expofed, 
 not only to the fire from the caftle, but 
 to that of Fort St. Jofeph, and to two 
 (hips that guarded the mouth of the har- 
 bour, which he fuftained for many hours 
 that day, and part of the next, with un- 
 common intrepidity. As he was giving 
 
ABB 91 
 
 his commands upon deck, both his legs 
 were fhot off ; but fuch was his magna- 
 nimity, that he would not fuffer his 
 wounds to be dreft, till he communicated 
 }iis orders to his firft Lieutenant, which 
 were, T^o fight his jldip to the lafl extre- 
 mity. Soon after this he gave fome di- 
 rections about his private affairs, and 
 then refigned his foul with the dignity of 
 a Hero and a Chrillian. Thus was he 
 taken off in the thirty-firil: year of his 
 age, an illuftrious commander of fupe- 
 rior fortitude and clemency, amiable in 
 his perfon, fteady in his afifeitions, and 
 equalled by few in the focial and domeftic 
 virtues of politenefs, modefty, candour, 
 and benevolence. He married the wi- 
 dow of Col. Francis Alexander, a daugh- 
 ter of Sir Henry Newton, Knt, Envoy 
 Extraordinary to the Court of Florence 
 and the Republic of Genoa, and Judge 
 of the high court of Admiralty. 
 
 Over his infcription is the following 
 epitaph : 
 
 Whilfl: Britain boafts her Empire o'er the deep. 
 This marble (hall compel the brave to weep ; 
 As men, as Britons, and as foldiers mourn : 
 'Tis (dauntlefs, loyal^ virtuous Beauclerk's urn. 
 
 Sweet 
 
92 
 
 ABB 
 
 Sweet were his manners, as his foul was great. 
 And ripe his worth, tho' immature his fate ; 
 Each tender grace that joy and love infpires. 
 Living, he mingled with his martial fires ; 
 Dying, he bid Britannia's thunder roar. 
 And Spain ftill felt him, when he breath'd no more. 
 
 69. A beautiful monument eredied to 
 the memory of Admiral Balchen, on which 
 is his bufl well executed in the fineft white 
 marble. The enrichments, arms and 
 trophies, are admirably wrought, but in 
 faftening the cable to the anchor this ex- 
 cellent artift has fhewn that he is no ma- 
 riner. In the front is a fine reprefentation 
 of a fliip in a florm. The infcription is as 
 follows : 
 
 To the memory of Sir John Balchen, Knt. 
 Admiral of the White Squadron of his 
 Majefty's fleet in 1744, being fent out 
 Commander in chief of the combined 
 fleets of England and Holland, to cruize 
 on the enemy, was on his return home 
 in his Majefty's (hip the Vidlory, loft in 
 the Channel by a violent ftorm ; from 
 which fad circumflance of his death we 
 may learn, that neither the greatefl: fkill, 
 judgment, or experience, joined to the 
 moft firm unfhaken refolution, can refift 
 
 the 
 
ABB 93 
 
 the fury of the winds and waves ; and 
 we are taught from the paffages of his 
 Hfe, which were filled with great and 
 gallant adlions, but ever accompanied 
 v/ith adverfe gales of fortune, that the 
 brave, the worthy and the good man, 
 meets not always his reward in this 
 world. Fifty-eight years of faithful and 
 painful fervices he had pafTed, when be- 
 ing juft retired to the government of 
 Greenwich Holpital to wear out the re- 
 mainder of his days, he was once more, 
 and for the laft time, called out by his 
 King and Country, whofe intereft he ever 
 preferred to his own, and his unwearied 
 zeal for their fervice ended only in his 
 death ; which weighty misfortune to his 
 afflidted family became heightened by 
 many aggravating circumflances attend- 
 ing it ; yet amidft their grief had they 
 the mournful ccnfolation to find his gra- 
 cious and royal Mailer mixing his con- 
 cern with the general lamentations of the 
 public, for the calamitous fate of fo zeal- 
 ous, fb valiant, and fo able aCommander; 
 and as a lafting memorial of the fmcere 
 love and eileem borne by his widow, to 
 a moft affectionate and worthy hufband, 
 this honourary monument was eredled by 
 
 her. 
 
94 
 
 ABB 
 
 hen He was born Feb. 2, 1669, mar- 
 ried Sufarinah, daughter of Col. Apreece 
 of Wafhingly in the County of Hun- 
 tingdon. Died 061. 7, 1744, leaving 
 one fon and one daughter, the former of 
 whom, George Balchen, furnved him " 
 but a fhort time ; for being fent to the 
 Weft Indies in 1745, Commander of his 
 Majefty's (hip the Pembroke, he died in 
 Barbadoes in December the fame year, 
 aged 28, having walked in the fteps, and 
 imitated the virtue and bravery of his 
 good, but unfortunate father. 
 70. A noble and elegant monument 
 crefted in honour of General Gueft. It is 
 adorned with a pyramid and bafe of the 
 moft beautiful Egyptian porphyry, orna- 
 mented with the fineft enrichments, and 
 on the latter is an admirable buft of the 
 General of white marble. The whole is 
 executed in the moit delicate and mafterly 
 manner. It has this fhort, but appofite 
 infcription : 
 
 Sacred to thofe virtues that adorn aChriftian 
 and a Soldier, this marble perpetuates 
 the memory of Lieut. Gen. Jcfhua Gueft, 
 who clofed a fervice of fixty years by 
 faithfully defending Edinburgh caftle 
 againft the Rebels, 1745* 
 
 71. The 
 
ABB 
 
 95 
 
 71. The next worthy of notice Is the 
 elegant monument of Sir Charles Wager. 
 The principal figure here is that of Fame 
 holding a portrait of Sir Charles in relief, 
 which is alfo fupported by an infant Her- 
 cules. The enrichments are naval tro- 
 phies, inftruments of war and navigation, 
 &c. on the bafe is reprefented in relief the 
 deftroying and taking of the Spanifh gal- 
 leons in 1708, The infcription is as follows : 
 
 To the memory of Sir Charles Wager, Knt. 
 Admiral of the White, firft Commilfioner of the Admiralty, 
 And Privy Counfellor: 
 A man of great natural talents. 
 Who bore the higheft commands. 
 And pafs'd through the greateft employments. 
 With credit to himfelf, and honour to his country* 
 He was in private life 
 Humane, temperate, juft, and bountiful : 
 In public ftation, 
 Valiant, prudent, wife, and honeft: 
 
 Eafy of accefs to all; 
 Plain and unafFefted in his manners. 
 Steady and refolute in his condu£l: 
 So remarkably happy in his prefence of min<J, 
 That no danger ever difcompos'd him ; 
 Efteemed and favoured by his King ; 
 Beloved and honoured by his Country, 
 He died 24 May I743» Aged 77. 
 
 72. The 
 
96 '^'A B B 
 
 72. The next tomb in the Abbey that 
 demands our attention, is that eredted to 
 the memory of John Hollis Duke of New- 
 caftle, by his daughter the Countefs of Ox- 
 ford* This is perhaps the loftieft and mod 
 coftly of any in the Abbey. A pediment 
 is fupported by beautiful columns of varie- 
 gated marble. The Duke is reprefented 
 refting upon a fepulchral monument, hold- 
 ing in his right hand a General's ftaff, and 
 in his left a ducal coronet. On one fide 
 the bafe ftands a ftatue of Wifdom, on the 
 other, of Sincerity. On the angles of the 
 upper compartment fit angels, and on the 
 afcending* fides of the pediment fit two 
 cherubs, one with an hour-glafs, alluding 
 to the admeafurementof man's life by grains 
 of fand ; the other pointing upwards, where 
 life fhall no longer be meafured by hours 
 and minutes. On the bafe is an infcription 
 enumerating his Grace's titles, and feve-- 
 ral employments ; his marriage and iffue ; 
 and informing us that he was born Jan. 9, 
 1 66 1 -2, and died July 15,1711. 
 
 73. The monument of William Caven- 
 difh Duke of Newcaftle is alfo very pomp- 
 ous, but is in the old tafte. Under a rich 
 canopy of ftate lie, as the infcription ex- 
 prelTes it, The loyal Duke of Newcaftle,^ 
 
 and 
 
ABB 
 
 97 
 
 and his Duchefs, his fecond wife, by 
 whom he had no iffue : her name was 
 Margaret Lucas, youngeft fifter to Lord 
 Lucas of Colchefter, a noble family ; for 
 all the brothers were valiant, and all the 
 fifters virtuous. The Duchefs was a 
 wife, witty, and learned Lady, which 
 her many books do well teftify : She was 
 a moft virtuous, and a loving and care- 
 fui wife, and was with her Lord all the 
 time of his banifhment and miferies ; 
 and when he came home, never parted 
 from him in his folitary retirements." 
 This is the Englifh infcription. The Latin 
 gives his titles and employments ; and ob- 
 ferves, that for his fidelity to King Charles L 
 he was made Captain-General of the forces 
 raifed for his fervice in the North, fought 
 many battles, and generally came off vifto- 
 rious ; but that when the rebels prevailed 
 (being one of the firft defigned a facrifice) 
 Jie left his eftate, and endured a long exile* 
 It then gives his ilTue by his firft wife, and 
 concludes with obferving, that he died 
 Dec. 27, 1676, in his eighty- fourth year. 
 
 74. On the adjoining pillar is a neat 
 tablet, on which is this infcription : 
 
 Vol. L H Grace, 
 
98 ABB 
 
 Grace, eldefl: daughter of Sir Thomas Mauleverer of 
 Allerton Mauleverer in Yorkfliire, Bart, born 16223 
 married unto CoL Scott, a member of the Hon.Houfe 
 of Commons 1644, and died Feb. 24, 1645. 
 
 He that will give my Grace but what is hers, 
 
 Muft fay her death has not 
 
 Made only her dear Scott, 
 But Virtue, Worth, and Sweetnefs, widowers. 
 
 75. The monument of Dame Mary James 
 is neatly ornamented with an urn, wreath- 
 ed and crowned with a Vifcount's coronet, 
 on a handfome pedeftaL The infcription 
 obferves that this Lady was wife to Sir 
 John James, of the ancient family of the 
 Lords of Hoftrick in Holland, and that £he 
 died Nov. 6, 1667, 
 
 76. A magnificent and elegant monu- 
 ment of white marble to the memory of Sir 
 Peter Warren, done by Roubiliac. Clofe 
 to the wall is a large flag hanging to the 
 flag-flaff, and fpreading in very natural 
 folds behind the whole monument. Before 
 it is a fine figure of Hercules placing Sir 
 Peter's buft on its pedeftal ; and on the 
 other fide. Victory, with a laurel wreath 
 in her hand, is feated gazing on the buft 
 with a look of melancholy mixed with 
 
 admi- 
 
 / 
 
A B 
 
 !?9 
 
 admiration* Behind her a Cornucopia pours 
 out fruit, corn, the fleece, &c. and by it 
 is a cannon, an anchor, and other decora- 
 tions* The infcription is as follows: 
 
 Sacred to the memory 
 Of Sir Peter Warren, 
 Knight of the Bath, 
 Vice Adniiral of the Red Squadroil 
 Of the Britifh Fleet, 
 And Member of jParliament 
 For the City and Liberty of Weftminfter, 
 
 And a little lower l 
 
 He derived his defcent from an ancient Family of Ireland, 
 His fame and honours from his virtues and abilities* 
 
 Hovi^ eminently thefe were difplayed, 
 With w^hat vigilance and fpirit they were exerted. 
 In the various fervices wherein he had the honour to command^ 
 And the happinefs to conquer, 
 Will be more properly recorded in the annals of 
 
 GREAT BRITAtN. 
 On this tablet, affection with truth may fay. 
 That defervedly efteemed in private lifcj 
 And univerfally renowned for his public condu£t^ 
 
 The judicious and gallant officer 
 PofTefled all the amiable qualities of the Friend, 
 The Gentleman, and tlxe Chriftian* 
 
 H 2 But 
 
too 
 
 ABB 
 
 But the A LMIGHTY, 
 
 Whom alone he feared. 
 And whofc gracious protedion he had often experiencedj 
 Was pleafed to remove hhn from a life of honour 
 To an eternity of happinefs. 
 On the 29th day of July 1752, in the 49th year of his age. 
 
 On the bottom of the bafe : 
 
 Sufannah, his afflided wife, caufed this monument 
 to be ereded. 
 
 77. The monument infcribed to the 
 memory of Sir Gilbert Lort, of Stackpolc 
 in Pembrokefhire, who died Sept. 19, 1698, 
 was eredled to his memory by his fifter 
 Dame Elizabeth Campbell of Calder in 
 Scotland. The author of The Review of 
 the public buildings y &c» obferves, that the 
 two boys here placed on each fide a little 
 tomb, are in a very pretty tafte, and a per- 
 fect contraft to each other ; one reprefent- 
 ing paffionate, exclamatory grief, and the 
 other flill and filent % and adds, 'Tis pity 
 they are divided by fo bad an ornament 
 in the middle: had they leaned on a 
 fingle urn, which, in the antique tafte, 
 might have been fuppofed to hold liis 
 adies, they would have had a fine effed:, 
 and challenged more admiration than 
 many a more pompous and expenfive pile." 
 
 78. The 
 
ABB 
 
 lOI 
 
 78. The monument eredled to Hugh 
 Chamber! ayne, M. D. was fome years ago 
 efteemed one of the beft pieces in the 
 Abbey; but fome of the later monuments 
 greatly exceed it. Thevprincipal figure 
 lies, as it were, at eafe, upon a tomb fiione, 
 leaning upon his right arm, with his hand ^ 
 upon his night cap, and his head uncover- 
 ed. In his left hand, he holds a book, to 
 Hiew his intenfe application to ftudy. On 
 each fide are the emblems "of Phyfic and 
 Longevity ; and over his head, is Fame de- 
 fcending with a trumpet in one hand, and 
 
 a wreath in the other. On the top are 
 weeping cherubs, and on the pedeftal a long 
 Latin infcription, which mentions his great 
 knowledge and induftry in his profeiTion, 
 his humanity in relieving the fick, and his 
 affinities and connexions in focial and pri« 
 vate life. He died June 17, 1728, aged 
 fixty-four. 
 
 79. The tomb of Almericus de Courcy, 
 Baron of Kinfale, in Ireland, is ornamented 
 with the figure of his LordOiip in armou^-, 
 repofing himfelf after the fatigues of an ac^ 
 tive life, under a gilded canopy. The in- 
 fcription (hews, that he was defcended 
 from the famous John de Courcy, Earl of 
 Ulfter, who in the reign of King John, in 
 
 H 3 coa- 
 
J02 
 
 ABB 
 
 confidcration of his great valour, obtained 
 the extraordinary privilege for him and his 
 heirs, of being covered in the King's pre- ' 
 fence. Almericus de Courcj died Feb. 9, 
 1 71 9, aged fifty-feven. 
 
 80. The monument of Sir Thomas 
 ^ Duppa is adorned with flowers and foliage, 
 
 and on the top with an urn wreathed. The 
 infer iption fhews, that Sir Thomas in his 
 youth waited upon King Charles II . when 
 Prince of Wales, and at length became Gen- 
 tleman Ulher of the Black Rod, in which 
 office he died April 25, 1694, aged 75. 
 
 8 1 . We come now to a monument that 
 has been much admired, and as much cen-^ 
 fured, that of Dame Elizabeth Carteret, 
 who died on the 26th of March, 17 17, 
 aged fifty-two. This Lady is reprefented 
 Ipringing upwards, with only one foot fixed 
 to the earth, and a little winged feraph de- 
 Icending to receive her ; but the difpropor- 
 tions are fo great between them, that one 
 cannot help thinking, that it is much more 
 likely fhe fhould pull the aerial mefi^enger 
 down, than he raife her one inch from the 
 ground ; but what is ftill worfe, her atti- 
 tude is fuch, that it is impofiible fhe jfhould 
 know that he is coming to give her a lift. 
 Below her hovering on the bafe, is another 
 
 of 
 
ABB 103 
 
 of thefe heavenly fpirits unfolding a very in- 
 different epitaph. 
 
 82. We come now to the grand and 
 magnificent monument of the great Sir 
 Ifaac Newton, whofe Itatue is formed re- 
 cumbent, leaning his right arm on four 
 folios, thus titled Divinity, Chronolo- 
 gy, Optics, and Phil: prin: math: and 
 pointing to a fcroll fupported by cherubs. 
 Over him is a large globe projecting from a 
 pyramid behind, whereon is delineated the 
 courfe of the comet in 1680, with the 
 figns, conftellations and planets. On this 
 globe fits the figure of Aftronomy, with her 
 book clofed, in a very thoughtful compof- 
 ed and penfive mood. Beneath the principal 
 figure is a very fine has relief, reprefenting 
 the various labours in which Sir Ifaac 
 chiefly employed his time : fuch as difcover- 
 ing the caufe of gravitation, fettling the 
 principles of light and colours, and reduc- 
 ing the coinage to a determined flandard. 
 The infcription on the pedeftal is in Latin, 
 fhort, but full of meaning, intimating, that 
 by a fpirit nearly divine, he folved on prin- 
 ciples of his own, the motion and figure of 
 the planets, the paths of the comets, and 
 the ebbing and flowing of the fea ; that he 
 difcovered the diffimularity of the rays of 
 H 4 light. 
 
104 
 
 ABB 
 
 light, and the properties of colours from 
 thence ariling, which none but himfelf 
 had ever dreamt of ; that he was a dihgent, 
 wife and faithful interpreter of nature, an- 
 tiquity, and the holy fcriptures ; that by his 
 philofopliy he maintained the dignity of the 
 Supreme Being ; and by the purity of his 
 life, the fimplicity of the gofpel ; and it 
 concludes with a juft exclamation. What 
 reafon have mortals to pride themfclves in 
 the exiftence of fo great an ornament to the 
 human race ! He was born Dec. 25, 1642, 
 and died in 1726. 
 
 So noble a monument eredled to real 
 merit, is a greater honour to the nation than 
 to the great genius for whom it was raifed ; 
 in this light it is viewed by all Europe, 
 
 83. On the other fide of the entrance 
 into the choir is another lofty and pompous 
 monument. This laft was erected to the 
 memory of Earl Stanhope, who is alfo repre- 
 fented leaning upon his arm in a recumbent 
 pofture, holding in his right hand a Gene- 
 ral's ftaff, and in his left a parchment fcroll. 
 Before him flands a cupid refling upon a 
 fhield. Over a martial tent fits Minerva, 
 holding in her right hand a javelin, and in 
 the other a fcroll. Behind is a flender pyra^ 
 mid. On the middle of the pedeftal are 
 
 tWQ 
 
ABB 
 
 two medalions, and on each fide the pilaf- 
 ters one. In fhort, under the principal 
 figure is a Latin infcription, dilplaying the 
 merits of this great man, as a foldier, a 
 fi:atefiiian, and a fenator: obferving, that in 
 1707, he concluded an advantageous peace 
 with Spain ; and the fame year was fent 
 EmbalTador to Charles III. In 1708, he 
 took PortMahon : In 171 he forced his 
 way to the gates of Madrid, and took pof-- 
 feflion of that capital : In 171 5, being of 
 the Secret Committee, he impeached the 
 Duke of Ormond. In 171 7 he was made 
 firfi: Commiflioner of the treafury, and 
 Chancellor of the exchequer ; and in July 
 following was created a Peer. Pie died 
 in 172 1, in the forty-feventh year of his 
 age. 
 
 84. Mr. Thynne's monument has always 
 been efteemed a very fine one. That gentle- 
 man is reprefented dying, and at his feet is 
 a boy weeping. Underneath on a table of 
 black marble in white letters is this fhort 
 infcription : 
 
 Thomas Thynne of Longleate in Com. 
 Wilts, Efq; who was barbaroufly mur- 
 dered on Sunday the 1 2th of February, 
 
 And 
 
io6 
 
 ABB 
 
 And upon the pedeftal the Rory of his 
 murder is finely reprefented in relief. 
 
 This laft obfervation makes it neceffary 
 to give the pa ticulars of this murder, v/hich 
 we fhall do from a very accurate, tho* fmall 
 work, from which we have obtained con- 
 liderable affiftance in the defcription of 
 many things relating to the Abbey. The 
 above murder was confpired by Count 
 Koningfmark, and executed by three afiaf- 
 fins hired for that purpofe, who fliot this 
 unhappy gentleman in Pali-Mall, in his 
 own coach. The motive was, to obtain 
 the rich heirefs of Northumberland in mar- 
 riage, who in her infancy had been be- 
 trothed to the Earl of Ogle, but left a widow 
 before confummation 3 and afterwards mar- 
 ried to Mr. Thynne ; but being fcarce fif- 
 teen, and her mother extremely tender of 
 her, and at the fame time defirous of her 
 having ilTue, prevailed upon her huiband to 
 travel another year before he bedded her, 
 in which time fhe became acquainted with 
 Koningfmark at the Court of Hanover. 
 Whether fhe had ever given him any coun- 
 tenance i> uu- ertain; buthavingno grounds 
 to hof e o o) tain her while her hufband 
 lived, he in this villainous manner accom- 
 plifhed his death : the Lady, however, de- 
 
 tefied 
 
ABB 
 
 tcfted this bafe and inhuman conduct, and 
 foon after married the great Duke of Somer- 
 fet. — At the time this happened, a report 
 was fpread that Mr, Thynne had formerly 
 debauched a woman of family and charac- 
 ter, on honourable pretences ; but upon 
 his uncle's leaving him 1 0,000 L a year; 
 he bafely deferted her ; whence arofe the 
 faying, that /je had efcaped his misfortune^ if 
 he had either married the Lady he had lain 
 with J or lain with the Lady he had ?narried. 
 But we do not pretend to inlinuate that 
 there was any truth in this ftory . It may 
 probably be only a cruel piece of defama- 
 tion. Hiforical Defer iption of Wejlr/mjier- 
 Abbey. 
 
 85. The monument of Dame Grace 
 Gethin, is ornamented with a figure of a 
 Lady devoutly kneeling, with a book in 
 her right hand, and hei: left on her breaft; 
 on each fide is an angel, one holding over 
 her head a crown, and the other a chaplet; 
 and on the afcending fides of the pediment 
 are two female figures in a mournful pof- 
 ture. It is adorned v/ith three different 
 coats of family arms, and on the bafe is an 
 Englifh infcription, which alfo lets us know 
 that fhe was married to Sir Richard Gethin 
 
 of 
 
io8 
 
 ABB 
 
 of Gethin Grott in Ireland ; was famed for 
 her exemplary piety, and wrote a book of 
 devotions, which Mr. Congreve has com- 
 plimented with a poem. She died Od:. 1 1, 
 16973 aged twenty-one. 
 
 86. A monument eredled to the memory 
 of two lifters the daughters of Ralph Freke 
 of Hannington in Wilts, Efq; whofe bufts 
 in relief ornament the fides. The infcrip- 
 tion obferves, that the eldeft, named Eliza- 
 beth, was married to Percey Freke of Weft 
 Bilney in Norfolk, and died on the 7th of 
 April 1714 ; that Judith the youngeft mar- 
 ried Robert Auftin of Teuterden in Kent, 
 and died May 19, 1716 : and that they 
 were both the beft of daughters, the beft 
 of wives, and the beft of mothers. 
 
 87. A large monument of black marble 
 erefted to the memory of Sir Thomas 
 Richardfon, Lord Chief Juftice of England 
 in the reign of King Charles 1. He died 
 in 1634, and his tomb is adorned with his 
 effigy in brafs, lying in his robes, and his 
 collar of S S. 
 
 88. An ancient monument raifed to the 
 memory of William Thynne of Botterville, 
 Efq; it is of marble and alabafter gilt, 
 and is adorned with the ftatue of that 
 
 gen- 
 
ABB 
 
 109 
 
 gentleman lying at full length. The in- 
 fcription informs us, that he was a polite 
 gentleman, a great traveller, and a brave 
 foldier, and that he died on the 14th of 
 March 1584. 
 
 89. Avery handfome monument eredled 
 for that learned grammarian Dr. Bufby, 
 mafter of W eftminfter fchool ; v^ho is re- 
 prefented in his govv^n, looking earneflly at 
 the infcription ; holding in his right hand a 
 pen, and in his left a book open. Upon 
 the pedeflal underneath are a variety of 
 books, and at the top is his family arms. 
 The infcription is a very elegant one, and 
 intimates w^hatfoever fame the fchool of 
 Weftminfter boafts, and whatever advan- 
 tages mankind fhall reap from thence in fu- 
 ture times, are ail principally owing to the 
 wife inftitutions of this gentleman, who 
 was born at Lutton in Lincolnfhire, Sept. 
 22, 1606, and after being made Mafter of 
 Weftminfter college was eledled Prebendary 
 of Weftminfter, and Treafurer of Wells. He 
 died April 5, 1695. 
 
 90. The next monument, is that ered:ed to 
 the memory of Robert South, D. D. who 
 is reprefented in a recumbent pofture in his 
 canonical habit, w^ith his arm refting on, a 
 cuftiion, and his right hand on a death's 
 head. In his left he holds a book v/ith his 
 
 fino;er 
 
ABB 
 
 finger between the leaves, as if jufl elofed 
 from reading, and over his head is a group 
 of cherubs ilTuing from a mantling. This 
 monument is however very badly executed^ 
 and the ftatue is clumfy and unmeaning. 
 It has a long Latin infcription, fhewing that 
 this celebrated divine was fcholar to Dr^ 
 Bufby, and ftudent at Chrift Church, Ox- 
 ford ; that by the patronage of the Lord 
 Clarendon he was made Prebendary both of 
 Weftminfler and Chrift Church, and after- 
 wards re6tor of Iflip, where he rebuilt the 
 parfonage houfe, and founded and endowed 
 a fchool for the education of poor children^ 
 He died on the 8th of July 171 8, aged 
 eighty-two, 
 
 T'he Monuments in the Cloijlers. The moft 
 ancient of thefe are towards the eaft end 
 of the fouth walk, where lie the remains 
 of four Abbots marked in the pavement 
 by four ftones. 
 
 The firll: of thefe covers the AbbotVitales, 
 who died in 1082, and was formerly cover- 
 ed with brafs plates. 
 
 The fecond is of grey marble, to the 
 memory of Geilebettus Crifpinus, who died 
 in 1 1 14, and whofe effigies may flill be 
 traced on the ftone. 
 
 Under the third, which is a raifed ftone 
 of SufTex marble, lies the Abbot Laurentius, 
 
 2 wh# 
 
ABB 
 
 III 
 
 who died in 1 176, and is faid to be the firfl: 
 who obtained from Pope Alexander III. the 
 privilege of ufing the mitre, ring and globe. 
 
 The laft is of black marble, and covers 
 the afhes of Gervafius de Blois, who was 
 natural fon to King Stephen, and died in 
 1 166. This is called Long Meg, from its 
 extraordinary length, it being eleven feet 
 eight inches. All thefe feem to have had 
 their names and dates cut afrefh. 
 
 In the eaft walk is a handfome monu- 
 ment eredled to the memory of Daniel Ful- 
 teney, Efq; facing thofe of the above Ab- 
 bots ; the infcription on which is much ad- 
 mired for the purity of the didion, and 
 its propriety and elegance, and is as follows s 
 Reader, 
 If thou art a Briton, 
 Behold this tomb with reverence and regret. 
 Here lieth the remains of 
 Daniel Pulteney, 
 The klndeft relation, the trueft friend. 
 The warmeft patriot, the worthieft man ; 
 He exercifed virtues in this age, 
 SufGcient to have diftinguifhed him even in the beft. 
 Sagacious by nature, 
 Induftrious by habit, 
 Inquifitive with art. 
 He gain'd a compleat knowledge of the ftate of Britain 
 Foreign and domeftic. 
 
 In 
 
112 
 
 ABB 
 
 In moft the backward fruit of tedious experience, 
 In him the early acquifition of undlffipated youth. 
 He ferved the court feveral years : 
 Abroad in the aufpicious reign of Queen Anne, 
 At home, in the reign of that excellent Prince K. George the FirH-, 
 He ferved his country always, 
 At court independent. 
 In the fenate unbiafs'd, 
 At every age, and in every ftation : 
 This was the bent of his generous foul. 
 This was the bufinefs of his laborious life. 
 Public men, and public things, 
 He judged by one conftant ftandard. 
 The true inter eft of Britain ; 
 He made no other diftindion of party. 
 He abhorred all other : 
 Gentle, humane, difinterefted, beneficent. 
 He created no enemies on his own account : 
 Firm, determined, inflexible. 
 He feared none he could create in the caufe of Britain. 
 Reader, 
 
 In this misfortune of thy country, lament thy own : 
 For know 
 The lofs of fo much private virtue 
 Is a public calamity. 
 
 Almoft at the end of the north eaft walk 
 is a monument againft the Abbey wall to the 
 memory of the Rev. Mr. William Laurence, 
 
 the 
 
ABB 
 
 the ififcrlption on which is remarkable for 
 its quaintnefs, and is as follows : 
 
 With diligence and truft exemplary. 
 Did William Laurence ferve a Prebendary J 
 And for his pains, now paft, before not loft, 
 Gain'd this remembrance at his maftey's coft. 
 O ! read thefe lines again, you leldom find 
 A fervant faithful, and his matter kind. 
 Short-hand he wrote, his flower in prime did fade/' 
 And hafty death fliort hand of him hath made. 
 Well couth he numbers, and well meadn'd land, 
 Thus doth he now that ground whereon we lland^ 
 Whereon he lies fo geometrical, 
 Art maketh fome,^^but thus will Nature alL 
 
 Ob» Dec* 28. 1621. ./FAdX, 29. 
 
 Henry the Seventh's ChapeL As this is 
 a feparate building from W eflniinftcr Ab- 
 bey, we did not think proper to confound 
 it with the other chapels; and as it is joined 
 to the Abbey^ we did not chufe to render 
 it fo diftind: an article as it would have 
 been, had we given it the place it would 
 have demanded in the order of the alpha- 
 bet. It is to be examined at the fame 
 time with that edifice, and we have follow- 
 ed the example of the archited: in uniting 
 them. 
 
 Vol. L I This 
 
114 
 
 ABB 
 
 This chapel, which was founded hy- 
 Henry VII. in the year 1502, and the 
 fucceeding years, is ftyled by Leland the 
 wonder of the world. It is fituated to the 
 eaft of the Abbey, to which it is fo neatly 
 joined, that on a fuperficial view it appears 
 to be one and the fame building. It is 
 fupported by fourteen Gothic buttrelTes, 
 all beautifully ornamented, and projecting 
 from the building in different angles, and 
 is enlightened by a double range of win- 
 dows that throw the light into fuch a 
 happy difpofition as at once to pleafe the 
 eye, and afford a kind of folemn gloom. 
 Thefe buttrelfes extend up to the roof, and 
 are made to ftrengthen it by their being 
 crowned with Gothic arches. In thefe 
 buttreffes are niches, in which formerly 
 liood a number of iliatues ; but thefe being 
 greatly decayed, have been long taken 
 down. 
 
 This chapel is one of the moft expen- 
 fiVe remains of the ancient Englifh tafte 
 and magnificence ; there is no looking up- 
 on it without admiration : yet, perhaps, its 
 beauty confifts much more eminently in 
 the workman/hip than the contrivance. 
 The plate fhews the outlide, where it joins 
 to the Abbey, and gives fome idea of the 
 
 fine 
 
ABB 115 
 
 fine tdfte of Gothic architefture in that 
 age, which feems to have been its meridian; 
 but it foon fell into the bad tafle pradlifed 
 in the time of Qy^eh EKzabeth, as may be 
 feen in the tomb of this Queen and her 
 predeceffor in the fide ifles of this chapel. 
 
 This may be fufficient for the outfide of 
 this edifice, the entrance to which is from the 
 eafl end of the Abbey, by a flight of fteps 
 of black marble, under a very noble arch, 
 that leads to the gates opening to the body 
 or nave of the chapel : for^ like a cathedral 
 it is divided into a nave and fide ifles, to 
 which you may enter by a door on each 
 hand. The gates at the entrance of the 
 nave are of brafs curioufly wrought in the 
 manner of frame work, and have in every 
 other open pannel a rofe and portcullis al- 
 ternately. 
 
 Being entered^ the eye is natiirally di~ 
 reded to the lofty ceilings in the mofl; ad- 
 mirable manner wrought with fuch an 
 afl:onifhing variety of figures as is impofiible 
 to be defcribed. The flails on each fide are 
 of oak, with Gothic canopies^, mofl: beauti^ 
 fully carved, as are alfo the feats ; and the 
 pavement is of black and white marble, 
 laid at the charge of Dr. Killigrew, once 
 Prebendary of this Abbey, The eafl: view 
 I a from 
 
ii6 
 
 ABB 
 
 from tKe entrance prefents you with the 
 brafs chapel and tomb of the founder, 
 which will be hereafter defcribed, and 
 round it where the eaft end forms a femi- 
 circle, are the chapels of the Dukes of 
 Buckingham and Richmond. At that end 
 the fide ifles open to the nave. It muft 
 not be omitted, that the walls both of the 
 nave and the fide ifles are adorned with 
 the mofi: curious imagery imaginable, and 
 contain an hundred and twenty ftatues of 
 patriarchs, faints, martyrs and confefibrs, 
 under which ,are angels fupporting impe- 
 rial crowns, befides innumerable fmall ones, 
 all of them efiieemed fo curious, that the 
 befl: mafters are faid to have travelled from 
 abroad to copy them. The roof of the 
 fide ifles is flattifh, and fupported on arches 
 between the nave and fide ifles turning 
 upon twelve fi:ately Gothic pillars, curioufly 
 adorned with figures, fruitage and foliage. 
 The windows, befides a fpacious one at 
 the eaft end, are thirteen on each fide 
 above and as many below, and were for- 
 merly painted, having in each pane a white 
 rofe, the badge of the houfe of Lancafter, 
 an the initial letter of the founder's name, 
 or portcullifes crovv^ned, the badge of the 
 Beaufort's family, of which there are fome 
 now rcinaininp-, 
 
 z This 
 
ABB 
 
 171 
 
 Tills chapel was originally defigned as a 
 iepulchre appropriated folely to the ufe of 
 diofe of royal blood ; and fo far has the will 
 of the founder been obferved, that none 
 have been yet interred there, but thofe of 
 high quality, whofe delcent may generally 
 be traced from fome of our ancient Kings : 
 I fhall therefore mention each of thefe 
 tombs, beginning v/ith that which is the 
 rnofl ancient, as well as the mofl allonifh- 
 ing. 
 
 It has been already obferved, that in the 
 middle of the eaft end of the nave is fitu- 
 ated the magnificent tomb of Henry VII. 
 this is enclofed with a fcreen of caft brafs, 
 moft admirably defigned, and executed ; 
 this fcreen is nineteen feet in length, eleven 
 in breadth, and the fame in height. It is 
 ornamented with ftatues, of which thofe on- 
 ly of St- James, St. Bartholomew, St. George, 
 and St. Edward, are now remaining ; and 
 alfo adorned with other devices alluding to 
 King Henry the Seventh's family ; as port- 
 cullifes, fignifying his relation to the Beau- 
 fort's by his mother's fide y rofes twifl:ed 
 and crowned, in memory of the union of the 
 two houfes of Lancafi:er and York, by his 
 marriage ; and at each end a crown in a 
 bufh, alluding to the crown of Richard TIL 
 found in a hawthorn bulh, near Bofworth 
 I 3 field. 
 
ABB 
 
 field, where the famous battle was fbughf 
 in v/hich Richard loft his life. Within the 
 rails are the effigies of the royal pair, in 
 their robes of ftate, on a tonib of black 
 marble, the head whereof is fupported by a 
 red dragon the enlign of Cadwalladar, from 
 whom King Henry VII. was fond of trac- 
 ing his defcent, ' and the foot b^ an. 
 angel. 
 
 At the head of this tomb lie the remains 
 pf Edward VL grandfon to Henry VIL 
 who died in the fixteenth year of his age, 
 and the feventh of his reign. A fine monu-r 
 ment was ereded to bis memory by Queers 
 Mary, hisfifter andfuccefibr; it wasadorn-^ 
 <ed with curious fculpture reprefenting the 
 pafiion and refurred:ion of our Saviour 5 
 with two angels on the top kneehngj an4 
 the whole elegantly finifhed 3 but it was 
 afterwards demolifhed as a relid: of Popifh 
 fuperftition. 
 
 On one fide of Henry the Seventh's tomb 
 in a fmall chapel, in which is the monu- 
 ment of Lewis Stuart Duke of Richmondi 
 and Frances his wife ; whofe ftatues in caft 
 brafs are reprefented lying on a marble table 
 under a canopy of brafs curioufly wrought, 
 and fupported by the figures of Faith, Hope^, 
 Cf^arity, and Prucience ; and on the top is 
 
 a figure 
 
ABB 
 
 119 
 
 a figure of Fame taking her flight, and 
 refting only on her toe. 
 
 On the north fide of Henry the Seventh's 
 tomb is a monument decorated with feveral 
 emblematical figures in brafs gilt ; the prin- 
 cipal is Neptune in a penfive pofture with 
 his trident r ever fed, and Mars with his 
 head crufhed ; thefe fupport the tomb on 
 which lie the effigies of George Villars 
 Duke of Buckingham, the great favourite 
 of King James I. and King Charles L who 
 fell a facrifice to the national refentment 
 by the hand of Felton, His Grace married 
 Catharine, daughter to the Earl of Rut- 
 land, who ere£led this monument to his 
 memory, and lies in effigy on the fame 
 tomb by his fide. The Latin infcription, 
 after recounting his noble qualities, and 
 high titles, alludes to the ftory of his 
 death. 
 
 Of a later date, and fuperior in point 
 of defign and workmanfhip, is a noble 
 monument eredred to the memory of John 
 Sheffield Duke of Buckingham, where his 
 Grace's ftatue in a Roman habit, is laid in 
 a half raifed pofiure on an altar of fine 
 marble : his Duchefs is reprefented {land- 
 ing at his feet Aveeping. On each fide are 
 military trophies ; and over all an admir- 
 I 4 able 
 
120 
 
 ABB 
 
 able figure of Time holding feveral medal- 
 lions reprefenting the heads of their Graces 
 children* This monument is very juftly 
 admired. It has been obferved, that the 
 Duke himfelf appears the principal figure 
 in the group, and though he lies in a re- 
 cumbent pofture, and his Lady is in the 
 moft beautiful manner placed at his feet, 
 yet her figure is fo characterized, as to be 
 only a guide to his, and both refledl back 
 a beauty on each other. The decora- 
 tions are allowed to be extremely pi6tu- 
 refque and elegant; the trophies at his head, 
 the figure of Time above, with the medal- 
 lions of his children, fill up all the fpaces 
 with fuch propriety, that little could be 
 added, and nothing appears fuperfluous. 
 The infcription fets forth the Duke of Buck'- 
 ingham's pofts, and his qualifications as a 
 good poet, and a fine writer ; and over his 
 llatue is infcribed in Latin fentences to the 
 following purpofe ; 
 
 I lived doubtful, not dllTolute. 
 I die unrefolved, not unrefigned. 
 Ignorance and error are incident to human nature* 
 I truft in an Almighty and All-gopd God, 
 Thou King of Kings have mercy upon me. 
 
 And 
 
ABB 
 
 121 
 
 And underneath : 
 For my King often, for my Country always. 
 His Grace died in the 57th year of his age, Feb. 24^ 
 172^0, leaving the publication of his works to the 
 care of Mr. Pope. He had three wives; the firft, 
 Urfula,Countefs of Coventry ; the fecond, Catharine, 
 Countefs of Gainfborough ; the third, Catharine, 
 Countefs of Anglefey. 
 
 In this ifle there is a lofty pyramid fup- 
 ported by two griffins of gilt brafs, on a pe- 
 deftal of the moft curious marble, eredled 
 to the memory of Charles Montague, 
 Marquis of Halifax, fon to George Mon- 
 tague of Horton. He was placed at the 
 head of the treafury in the reign of King 
 Charles I. and undertaking the reformation 
 of the coin, which was then moft infa- 
 moully clipped, he reftored it to its proper 
 value. For this, and other public fervices, 
 he was firft created Baron, and then Mar- 
 quis of Halifax. 
 
 Againft the eaft wall at the end of the 
 north ifle is a monument in the form of a 
 beautiful altar, raifed by King Charles 11. to 
 the memory of Edward V. and his brother 
 Richard, on which is an infcription in Latin^ 
 to the following purport ; 
 
 Here 
 
122 
 
 ABB 
 
 Here lie the reliques of Edward V. King of 
 England, and Richard Duke of York, 
 ; who , being confined in the Tower, and 
 there ftifled with pillows, were privately 
 and meanly buried, by order of their 
 perfidious uncle Richard the Ufurper. 
 Their bones, long enquired after and 
 wiflied for, after lying two hundred and 
 one years in the rubbifh of the ftairs, 
 lately leading to the chapel of the White 
 Tower, were on the 17th of July 1674, 
 by undoubted proofs difcovered ; being 
 buried deep in that place. Charles II. 
 pitying their unhappy fate, ordered thefe 
 unfortunate Princes to be laid amongft 
 the reliques of their predeceflbrs, in the 
 year 1678, and the 20th of his reign. 
 At the eaft end of the fame ifle is a vault 
 in which are depofited the bodies of King 
 James I. and Anne his Queen, daughter 
 to Frederic 11. King of Denmark. 
 
 Over this vault is a fmall tomb adorned 
 with the figure of a child, eredled to the me- 
 mory of Mary the third daughter of JamesL 
 who was born at Greenwich in 1605, and 
 died at two years old. 
 
 There is alfo another monument on 
 which is the reprefentation of a child in a 
 cradle, creeled to the memory of Sophia, 
 
 the 
 
ABB 
 
 12^ 
 
 the fourth daughter of the fame King, who 
 was born at Greenwich in 1606, and died 
 three days after. 
 
 In the fame ifle is a lofty monument 
 erected to the memory of Queen Ehzabeth 
 by King James L her fucceffor. The in- 
 fcription reprefents her charadter, hi^ - de- 
 fcent, and the memorable ad:s of her giui i- 
 ous reign, That fhe was the mother of 
 her country, and the patronefs of reli- 
 gion and learning; was herfelf fkilled in 
 many languages, adorned with every ex- 
 cellence of mind and perfon, and endow- 
 ed with princely virtues beyond her fex : 
 that in her reign religion was refined tp 
 its original purity ; peace was eftablifhed ; 
 moufcy reftored to its juft value; domeftic 
 infurrecSions quelled ; France delivered 
 from inteftine troubles ; the Netherlands 
 fupported ; the Spanifh Armada defeat- 
 ed ; Ireland, almoft loft by the fecret 
 contrivances of Spain, recovered ; the 
 revenues of both univerfities improved 
 by a law of provifions ; and, in fhort, 
 all England enriched. That fhe was a 
 moft prudent Governefs, forty-five years 
 a virtuous and triumphant Queen ; truly 
 religious, and bleft in all her great afifairs ; 
 and that after a calm and refigned death 
 
 in 
 
124 ABB 
 
 in the 70th year of her age, iht left 
 her mortal part to be depofited in this 
 church, which (he eftabHfhed upon 
 a new footing, till by the word of Chrift 
 flie is called to immortality/* She died 
 March 24, 1602. 
 
 In the fouth ifle is a lofty and pompous 
 tomb eredted to the memory of Mary Queen 
 of Scots, the mother of King James L who 
 flying into England from her rebellious 
 fubjedrs, was taken prifoner, tried and con- 
 demned for confpiring the death of Queen 
 Elizabeth, and on the 8 th of February 
 1587, beheaded on a fcaifold erefted in 
 the hall of Fotheringhay Caftle, in North- 
 amptonfhire. She was afterwards pom- 
 poufly interred by order of Queen Elizabeth, 
 in the cathedral church of Peterborough ; 
 but upon the acceflion of her fon to the 
 throne of England, he ordered her remains 
 to be removed from thence, and placed 
 near this monument. 
 
 Near the^ lafl monument is a tomb en- 
 clofed with iron rails, on which lies a Lady 
 alfo finely robed, the effigies of Margaret 
 Douglas, daughter of Margaret Queen of 
 Scots by the Earl of Angus. Her fon the 
 Lord Darnely, father to King James L is 
 reprefented foremofl on the tomb kneeling, 
 
 with 
 
ABB 
 
 125 
 
 with the crown over his head, and there 
 are feven other of her children reprefented 
 round the tomb. This great Lady, though 
 fhe herfelf never fat on the throne, had, 
 according to the EngHfh inlcription. King 
 Edward IV. to her great grandfather ; 
 Henry VIL to her grandfather j Henry VIII. 
 to her uncle j Edward VI. to her coufin 
 german 3 James V. of Scotland to her bro- 
 ther y Henry 1. of Scotland to her fon ; 
 James VI. to her brother. Having to her 
 great grandmother and grandmother two 
 Queens, both named Elizabeth j to her 
 mother, Margaret Queen of Scots ; to her 
 aunt,Mary the French Queens to her coufins 
 german, Mary and Elizabeth Queens of 
 England ; and to her niece and daughter- 
 in-law, Mary Queen of Scots. This great 
 Lady died March 10, 1577. 
 
 In the fouth fide is likewife the monu- 
 ment of Margaret Countefs of Richmond, 
 mother to Henry VIL by her firft huf- 
 band Henry Tudor. She was afterwards 
 married to Humphry Stafford, a younger 
 fon to Humphiy Duke of Buckingham, 
 and at laft to Thomas Lord Stanley, Earl 
 of Derby ; but by the tv/o laft had no 
 children. The infcription mentions the 
 charities of this humane and generous 
 
 Princefs;> 
 
126 
 
 ABB 
 
 Princefs, particularly her founding two 
 colleges at Oxford, Chrift Church and St* 
 John's ; and a grammar fchool at Win- 
 bourne. She died in July 1509, in the 
 reign of her grandfon Henry VIII. 
 
 At the eaft end of this ifle is the royal 
 vault of King Charles II. King William III. 
 Queen Mary his Confort, Queen Anne, and 
 Prince George. 
 
 Over thefe royal Perfonages are their 
 effigies (except that of Prince George) in 
 wainfcot prelTes ; they are of wax work 
 refembling life, and drelTed in their coro- 
 nation robes. 
 
 Another wainfcot prefs is placed at the 
 corner of the great eaft window, in which 
 is the effigy of the Lady Mary Duchefs of 
 Richmond, daughter to James Duke of 
 Richmond and Lenox, dreffed in the very 
 robes her Grace wore at the coronation of 
 Queen Anne. 
 
 On leaving this ifle you will be fhewn 
 in another wainfcot prefs the effigies of 
 General Monk, who had a great fhare in 
 the reftoration of King Charles 11. to 
 the throne of England, and was interred in 
 a vault appropriated to him and his family. 
 He is reprefented in armour, and his ducal 
 cap is generally made ufe of by thofe who 
 
 fliew 
 
ABB 
 
 127 
 
 fhew this chapel, to receive the bounty of 
 thofe who vilit it ; thefe perfons having 
 no fhare of the money paid for feeing it. 
 
 Thus have we given a defcription of 
 every thing remarkable in the Abbey, and 
 that venerable pile adjoining to it, called 
 Henry the Seventh's chapel; we have men- 
 tioned and defcribedthe monuments in both 
 that are worthy of notice, and we fhall con- 
 clude this article with the following reflec- 
 tions, extradled from an ingenious writer, 
 on this fubjeit. 
 
 However amiable fame may be to the 
 living, 'tis certain no advantage to the 
 dead, whatever dangers they have dar- 
 ed, whatever toils they have under- 
 gone, whatever difficulties they have fur- 
 *^ mounted ; the grave is deaf to the voice 
 of applaufe,and the duft of the noble and 
 " vulgar fleep in the fame obfcurity toge- 
 ther. 'Tis poffible the confcious fpirit 
 may have an idea of the honour that is 
 " paid to his alhes ; but 'tis much more 
 probable, that the profpedl of this ima- 
 *^ ginary glory, while he lived among us, 
 " was all the pleafure it ever could afford 
 him. I make this obfervation, becaufe 
 moft monuments are faid to be erected 
 as an honour to the dead, and the living 
 *^ are fuppofed to be the leaft concerned in 
 
 " them : 
 
128 
 
 A B B 
 
 them : but one man's fame is made the 
 foundation of another's, in the fame man- 
 
 *^ ner with the gentleman's, who ordered 
 this fentence to be made his epitaph ; 
 
 " Here lies Sir Philip Sidney's 
 FRIEND. Some there are that mention 
 only the names of the perfons whofe 
 duft they cover, and preferve a noble fi- 
 lence with regard to the hand that raifed 
 
 " them ; but even here, the dead can re- 
 ceive no benefit from fuch difinterefted 
 affedtion ; but the living may profit much 
 by fo noble an example. Another thing 
 that difpleafes me is the manner of the 
 infcriptions, which frequently miflake 
 the very defign of engraving them, and 
 
 *^ as frequently give the lie to themfelves. 
 
 *^ To pore one's felf blind in guefUng out 
 /Eternce Memories facramy is a jefl, that 
 would make Heraclitus laugh ; and yet 
 mofl of them begin in that pompous 
 tafte, without the leaft refledlion that 
 
 *^ brafs and marble can't preferve them from 
 the tooth of Time ; and if men's adlions 
 have not guarded their reputations, the 
 proudeft monument would flatter in vain. 
 Sepulchral monuments fhould be always 
 
 *^ confidered as the laft public tribute paid 
 to virtue ; as a p/oof of our regard for 
 
 noble 
 
ABB 
 
 hoble charadrers, and moft particularly 
 as an excitement to others to emulate the 
 great example. 
 
 It is certain there is not a nohler a- 
 mufement, than a walk in W eftminfter 
 
 *^ Abbey^ among the tombs of heroes, 
 patriots, poets, and philofophers ; you are 
 furrounded with the fhades of your great 
 forefathers ; you feel the influence of 
 their venerable fociety, and grow fond of 
 fame and virtue in the contemplation : 
 'tis the fin eft fchool of morality, and the 
 moft beautiful flatterer of imagination in 
 nature. I appeal to any man's mind that 
 has any tafte for what is fublime and 
 noble, for a witnefs to the pleafure he 
 experiences on this occafion ; and I dare 
 believe he will acknowledge, that there is 
 
 *^ no entertainment fo various, or fo in- 
 ftrudlive. For my own part, I have 
 Ipent many an hour of pleaflng melan- 
 choly in its venerable walks j and have 
 been more delighted with the folemn 
 converfation of the dead, than the moft 
 fprightly fallies of the living. I have 
 examined the characters that were in- 
 fcribed before me, and diftinguifhed 
 
 *^ every particular virtue. The monuments 
 of real fame, I have viewed with real 
 Vol. I. K refpeCt^ 
 
130 
 
 ABB 
 
 " relpe<5t ; but the piles that wanted ^ 
 character to excufe them, I confidered 
 as the monuments ©f folly. I have wan- 
 dered with pleafure into the moft gloomy 
 receffes of this laft refort of grandeur, to 
 contemplate human life, and trace man- 
 kind thro' all the wildernefs of their 
 frailties and misfortunes, from their cradles 
 to their grave. I have reflected on the 
 fhortnefs of our duration here, and that 
 I was but one of the millions who had 
 been employed in the fame manner, in 
 ruminating on the trophies of mortality 
 before me ; that I muft moulder to duft 
 in the fame manner, and quit the fcene 
 
 *^ to a new generation, without leaving 
 the lhadow of my exiftence behind me; 
 that this huge fabric, this facred repofi- 
 tory of fame and grandeur, would only 
 be the ftage for the fame performances ; 
 would receive new acceffioris of noble 
 duft ; would be adorned with other fe- 
 pulchres of coft and magnificence ; would 
 be crouded with fucceffive admirers ; and 
 at laft, by the unavoidable decays of time, 
 bury the whole collection of antiquities 
 in general obfcurity, and be tjie monu- 
 meat of its own ruin/' 
 
 As- 
 
ABC 
 
 Abbots Langley, a village in Hertford- 
 fhire, fituated to the eaft of Kings Langle}^ 
 and three or four miles to the S. W. of 
 St. Alban's, to whofe abbey it once be- 
 longed. It is famous for being the birth 
 place of Nicholas Brealdpeare, who was 
 made Pope by the title of Adrian IV. and 
 had his ftirrup held by the Emperor Fre- 
 deric while he difmounted : but notwith- 
 ftanding his pride, it is a ftill more indeli- 
 ble ftain to his memory, that when Sove- 
 reign Pontiff, he fufrer'd his mother to 
 be maintained by the alms of the church 
 of Canterbury. This place gives the title 
 of Baron to the Lord Raymond, who has 
 a feat in this neighbourhood. 
 
 Abbs Court, in the parifh of Walton up- 
 on Thames in Surry. The Lord of this 
 Manor, which is alfo called Aps, ufed 
 formerly upon All-Saints Day to give a 
 barrel of beer, and a quarter of corn baked 
 into loaves, to as many poor as came. 
 This charity w^as begun in the days of 
 Popery, in order, as 'tis fuppofed, to en- 
 courage the prayers for deliverance of 
 fouls out of purgatory. 
 
 Abchurch lane^ i. Gracechurch ftreet.^j. 
 2. Lombard flreet.4- See St. Mary Ab- 
 church. 
 
 K 2 Abel 
 
ADA 
 
 Abel courts Rofemary lane. 
 
 Abel's buildings ^ Rofemary lane. 
 
 Abingdon buildings , Old Palace yard. 
 
 Abingdon Jlreety near Old Palace yard. 
 
 Academy courts Chancery lane. 
 
 Acorn alley y Bifhopfgate flreet, without. ^ 
 
 Acorn courts Bifhopfgate ftreet, without. ^ 
 
 Acton (East) a village fix miles from 
 London, a little to the north of the Ox- 
 ford Road, noted for the medicinal wells 
 near it, which are frequented in the fum- 
 mer months. 
 
 Act ON (West) a village in the road to Ox- 
 ford, fituated feven miles from London. 
 
 Adam-a-digging j'^r^, Peter ftreet,Weft- 
 minfter. ^ 
 
 Adam and Eve alley^ i. Barnaby ftreet. ^ 
 2. by Weft Smithfield. ^ 
 
 Adam andEve courts i. Oxford ftreet.* 2. 
 Tottenham court road.1^* 3. Weft Smith- 
 field. ^ 4. Hatchet alley, Whitechapel ^* 
 5. Petticoat-lane.* 
 
 Adam and Eve jj/i^r^, i. Homerton.* 2. 
 Ratclift-highway. ^ 
 
 Adam's courts i. Little Broad ftreet. ^f- 2. 
 Pig ftreet. -f- 3. Sharp's buildings, Duke's- 
 place. 4. Near Swan's clofe. -f- 
 
 Adam's mewsy i. Audley ftreet. ^f* 2. 
 Charles ftreet near Mount ftreet. ^f- 
 
 Adam's 
 
ADM 133 
 
 ApAM's^^r<^, Hockley in the Hole, -f- 
 Addington, a village in Surry, three miles 
 from Croydon, lituated at the defcent 
 of a high Ipacious common to which it 
 gives name. Its church, though faid to 
 be above 300 years old, is ftill very firm. 
 But what is moft remarkable, is, that the 
 Lord of the Manor held it in the reign of 
 Henry III. by the fervice of making his 
 Majefty a mefs of pottage in an earthen 
 pot in the King's kitchen at his corona- 
 tion ; and fo late as the coronation of 
 King Charles 11. Thomas Leigh, Efq; 
 then Lord of the Manor, made a mefs ac- 
 cording to his tenure, and brought it to 
 his Majefty's table, when that King ac- 
 cepted of his fervice, though he did not 
 tafte what he had prepared. 
 Addison's jj/z^r^ Peter flreet, Weftmin-^ 
 fter. 
 
 Adple M/^ Great Carter lane, Thames 
 ftreet. 
 
 Addle Jireet^ Wood flreet, Cheapfide. 
 
 Admiralty court. This court, which is 
 held in Doilors Commons, was formerly 
 under the direilion of the Lord High Ad- 
 miral, as it is nov/ under the Lords of the 
 Admiralty, who here take cognifance of 
 all caufes relating to merchants and mari- 
 K 3 ners. 
 
J34 
 
 ADM 
 
 ners. The proceedings are in the Civil 
 Law. The plaintiff gives fecurity to pro^ 
 fecute, and if caft, to pay what fhall be ad-^ 
 judged, and Hkewife to ftand to all his 
 prodtor lhall tranfad: in his name. But 
 in criminal cafes, as the trial of pirates, 
 and crimes committed at fea, the procefs, 
 by a fpecial commiffion, is by a judge, 
 jury and witneffes, a Judge of the Com- 
 mon Law affifting : on which occaiion the 
 court is commonly held at the Seffion- 
 houfe in the Old Bailey. The officers of 
 this court are the Judge of the Admiralty, 
 who muft be a Civilian, an Advocate and 
 Prodtor, a Regifter, and a Marlhal, who 
 carries a lilver oar before the Judge. 
 Admiralty office^ an edifice built with 
 brick and ftone, on the weft fide of the 
 ftreet, oppofite to Scotland yard. The 
 eaft front, which is that reprefented in the 
 print, has two deep wings, and is entered 
 by a very lofty portico fupported by four 
 very large ftone columns of thelonic Or- 
 der, to which there is an afcent by a few 
 fteps. 
 
 The importance of this building is what 
 recommends it to notice. The portico, 
 which was intended as an ornament, ra- 
 ther dilgufts than pleafes, by the immo- 
 derate 
 
A F R 135 
 
 derate height and illfliape of the columns. 
 
 In this ofSce are tranfadted all martime 
 aflfairs belonging to the jurifdiftion of the 
 Admiralty, who here regulate the affairs 
 of the navy ; nominate Admirals, Cap- 
 tains, and other officers to ferve on board 
 his Majefty's jShips of war, and give orders 
 for the trial of thofe who have failed in 
 their duty, or been guilty of other irregu- 
 larities. 
 
 Admiralty office yard, Whitehall • 4- 
 
 Ads COMB, in Surry near Croydon, is the 
 feat of William Draper, Efq; the paint- 
 ings and furniture of which are fine. 
 
 Advocates of DoSiors Commons. See Doc- 
 tors Commons. 
 
 Affidavit ojicey in Symond's inn. This 
 office belongs to the Mafters in Chancery, 
 where one or more of them conftantly at- 
 tend to take affidavits, and there all affi- 
 davits belonging to the Court of Chancery 
 are filed. 
 
 African Company. The Englifh firfi: 
 fent fhips to Africa on account of com- 
 merce about the year 1553, from which 
 time the trade to that country was carried 
 on by private hands till 1588, when Queen 
 Elizabeth, by her letters patent, eredted a 
 cpmpany, for the more effectual promoting 
 K 4 of 
 
136 
 
 A F R 
 
 of that trade, which then was only for 
 gold, elephants teeth, and Guinea pepper; 
 for the ufe of negroes was not yet intro- 
 duced into America. 
 
 This company was greatly encouraged 
 during the reigns of James I. and Charles I. 
 but the Dutch taking feveral forts on 
 the coafl of Africa from the Portuguefe,, 
 committed great depredations on the Eng- 
 lifh, upon which Charles 11. the better 
 to enable his fubjeils to carry on that 
 trade, incorporated a body of merchants, 
 in the year 1662, by the title of l^he 
 Company of Royal Adventurers of Engla?id 
 to Africa : but the fubfcriptions for carry- 
 ing on this precarious commerce not an- 
 fweringthe expedation of the incorporated 
 merchants, they were foon involved in 
 debt, and reduced to fuch difliculties as 
 rendered them unable to continue their 
 trade to advantage ; wherefore they agreed 
 for a certain fum, to lurrender their 
 charter to the crown, and to affign all 
 their ellates and effects both at home and 
 abroad to certain merchants, who intended 
 to ered: a new company, for the more ef- 
 fectual carrying on a trade to Africa : 
 thefe merchants the King incorporated in 
 the year 1672, and thefe were the Royal 
 
 African 
 
A F R 
 
 137 
 
 African company, who had a power to 
 trade from the ^ort of Sallee, to the Cape 
 of Good Hope, exclufive of all the King's 
 other fubjedts, during the term of a thou- 
 fand years. 
 
 By virtue of this royal grant, the 
 company made a conliderable progrefs in 
 eredling forts, and fettUng factors : but 
 their trade being laid open by parliament 
 in the year 1697, they were rendered un- 
 able to fupport their forts, it was there- 
 fore enafted, that all private traders to 
 Africa fliould pay ten per cent, to the 
 company for that purpofe. 
 
 This duty did not however anfwer the 
 end for which it was granted, and the 
 company was obliged to apply to parlia- 
 ment in the year 1730 for relief, when 
 they obtained a certain fum for that pur- 
 pofe, and it was enabled that all his Ma- 
 jefty's fubjedts treading to and from Af- 
 rica^ between Cape Blanco and the Cape 
 of Good Hope, fhould hereafter be deemed 
 a body corporate, and that all the coun- 
 tries, iflands, rivers and places, together 
 with the forts, fhould be in the pof- 
 feffion of this new company ; the mem- 
 bers of which fliould not trade to or from 
 Africa in their joint capacity, have any 
 
 joint 
 
138 
 
 A F R 
 
 joint or transferable flock, or borrow 
 money on their common feal. That the 
 perfons trading or intending to trade to 
 Africa, fhould pay to the Chamberlain 
 of London, the Clerk of the Merchants- 
 hall inBriftol, or the Town Clerk of Liver- 
 pool, 40s. each for the freedom of the new 
 company. That the management of the 
 affairs of this new company, fhould be 
 under the diredion of a committee of 
 nine perfons, to be chofen annually, three 
 out of the members in the city of Lon- 
 don, three out of thofe of Briflo], and 
 three out of thofe of Liverpool. That 
 this committee fhould have power to 
 make orders for the government and im^ 
 provement of the forts and factories ; to 
 appoint governors, and other ofJicers civil 
 and military ; to receive annually the 
 fum of 40 s. and to take a lifl: of the names 
 of all the perfons making payment. 
 
 It is alfo enabled, that the committee 
 ihall once a year give an account of all 
 their tranfad:ions to the CommifTioners for 
 trade and plantations, and hkewife lay 
 before the Curfi tor Baron of theExchequer, 
 an account, upon oath, of all the money 
 they have received within the preced- 
 ing year, and the application thereof^ 
 
ALB 
 
 139 
 
 and the Lords of the Admiralty are to 
 give inftruilions to the Captains of fuch 
 of his Majefty's fhips of war as fhall 
 be ftationed or ordered to cruize v/ithin 
 the above hmits, to infped:, and make 
 report to them from time to time of 
 the ftate of the forts and fettlements, 
 copies of w^hich are to be laid before 
 the parHament every feflions. 
 
 This is the ftate at prefent of this 
 company, who keep their ofEce in 
 Cooper's court, Cornhill. 
 
 Agnes courts Little George ftreet. 
 
 Bt. Agnes le Qi.k'ry. fields ^ near Hoxton, 
 fo called from a Ipring of water dedicated 
 to that Saint, and now converted into a 
 cold bath. 
 
 AiLSBURY courts George ftreet. 
 
 A I L s B u R Y ftreet^ i . By Jermy n ftreet* 
 2. St. John's ftreet, Clerkenwell green. 
 
 Ainger fireety York ftreet.-f- 
 
 Air fireety i. Piccadilly.-f' 2. By Mary la 
 bone.^j- 3. Leather lane.^f- 
 
 AKERSLEYj/^r^, Great St. Anne's fcreet.-j- 
 
 Ai. AM yardy Crutched Friars. 
 
 Al ban's, a large and very ancient 
 town in Hertfordfhire, 2 1 miles from 
 London, was fo called from St. Alban, 
 who fuffered in the perfecution under 
 
 Dioclefian, 
 
140 
 
 ALB 
 
 Dioclefian, and being afterwards cano- 
 nized, and interred on a hill in the neigh- 
 bourhood of this town, a monaftery was 
 erefted and dedicated to him by King 
 OfFa, King Edward L erefted a magni- 
 ficent crofs in memoiy of Queen Eleanor; 
 and King Edward VL incorporated this 
 town by a charter, granting the inhabi- 
 tants a Mayor, a Steward, a Ch amberlain, 
 and ten BurgelTes : but the Mayor and 
 Steward are here the only Juftices of peace. 
 Here are three churches, befides the an- 
 cient cathedral called St. Alban's, belong- 
 ing to the monaftery, which is now a 
 parifh church. 
 
 In this ancient edifice is a funeral 
 monument and effigies of King OfFa, its 
 founder, who is reprefented feated on his 
 throne ; and underneath is the following 
 infcription : 
 
 Fundator Ecclefise circa annum 793. 
 Quern male clepi£lum, et refidentem cernitis alte 
 Sublimem folio, Mercius Offa fuit. 
 
 That is. 
 
 The founder of the churchy about the year 793. 
 TVhom you behold ill-painted on his throne 
 Sublime^ was once for Mercian Offa known. 
 
ALB 
 
 On the caft fide ftood the fhrine of St. 
 Alban, where the following fhort infcrip- 
 tion is ftill to be feen 5 
 S. Albanus Verolamensis, Anglo- 
 rum Protomartyr, 17 Junii 293. 
 
 In the fouth ifle near the above fhrine 
 is the monument of Humphry, brother 
 to King Henry V. commonly diftinguifh- 
 ed by the title of the Good Duke of 
 Gloucefter. It is adorned with a ducal 
 coronet, and the arms of France and 
 England quartered. In niches on one fide 
 are feventeen Kings ; but in the niches 
 on the other fide there are no fi:atues 
 remaining. The infcription, which al- 
 ludes to the pretended miraculous cure 
 of a blind man deted;ed by the Duke, is 
 as follows : 
 
 Piae Memorias V. Opt. Sacrum. 
 HIc jacet Humphredus, Dux ille Glocefirius olim, 
 Henrici Sexti protedlor, fraudis ineptae 
 Dete6lor, dum fifta notat miracula cceci. 
 Lumen erat patriae, columen venerabile regni. 
 Pads amans, Mufifque favens melioribus ; unde 
 Gratum opusOxonio, quae nunc fchola facra refulget. 
 Invida fed mulier regno, regi, fibi nequam, 
 Abftulit hunc, humili vix hoc dignata fepulcro. 
 Jnvidiarumpente tamen, poft funeravivit. 
 
 Which 
 
142 ALB 
 
 Which has been thus tranflated ; 
 
 Sacred to the memory of the lejl of men, 
 Interr'd within this confecrated ground. 
 Lies he, whom Henry his prote£lor found : 
 GoodHuMPHRYjGioc'fter'sDuke, who well could fpy 
 Fraud couch'd within the blind impoftor's eye. 
 His country's light, the ftate's rever'd fupport. 
 Who peace and rifing learning deigned to court ; 
 Whence his rich library at Oxford plac'd. 
 Her ample fchools with facred influence grac'd : 
 Yet fell beneath an envious woman's wile. 
 Both to herfelf, her King, and country vile ; 
 Who fcarce allowed his bones this fpot of land : 
 Yet fpite of envy ftiall his glory ftand. 
 
 About; 40 years ago in digging a 
 grave, a pair of ftairs were difcoveredthat 
 lead down into a vault where his leaden 
 coffin was found, in which his body was 
 preferved entire, by a kind of pickle in 
 which it lay, only the flefh was wafted 
 from the legs, the pickle at that end 
 being dried up. Many curious medals 
 and coins are to be feen in the church, 
 that have been dug cut of the ruins 
 of Old Verulam that ftood on the other 
 fide of the river Ver, or Moore, which 
 runs fouth-weft of the town. 
 
 Near 
 
ALB 
 
 143 
 
 Near St. Alban's is a fort, at a place 
 called by the common people the Oyfter 
 Hills, which is fuppofed to have been the 
 camp of Oftorius, the Roman Proprietor, 
 This town is the largeft in the county, 
 and befides the four churches, has feveral 
 meeting-houfes, two charity fchools, and 
 three fairs, and has on Saturday one of the 
 beft markets for wheat in England, It 
 gives the title of Duke to the noble fami- 
 ly of Beauclerc. The great John Duke 
 of Marlborough ere6ted a feat here, cal- 
 led Holloway-houfe, and leveral neat 
 alms-houfes have been built here by him 
 and his Duchefs. 
 St. Al ban's, Wood jireet^ on the north 
 fide of London, and the eaft fide of 
 Wood ftreet, Cheapfide, is dedicated 
 to St. Alban, the Britifh Proto-Mar- 
 tyr, who fuffered under the perfecu- 
 tion of Diocleiian. The firft church in 
 this place was ere6led in the year 930, 
 and dedicated to the fame Saint- After 
 various repairs, the old church was pul- 
 led down in 1634, and another eredbed, 
 which was deftroyed by the fire of Lon- 
 don thirty-two years after, when the 
 prefent edifice was built from the fame 
 model as the former. It is entirely in 
 
 the 
 
144 
 
 ALB 
 
 the Gothic ftile, and confifls of a fpacioiis 
 body, and a handfome tower with 
 pinacles. 
 
 This church is a redlory in the patron- 
 age of Eton College, and the parifh of 
 St. Olave, Silver ftreet, is united to it. 
 The Redor, befides other advantages^ 
 receives 170 1. in lieu of tithes* 
 
 Munday in his edition of Stow men- 
 tions feveral uncommon epitaphs in this 
 church, from which we have only fe- 
 l^dled the following : 
 
 Hie jacet Tom Shorthofe, 
 
 Sine tombe, fine fheet, line riche?^ 
 
 Qui vixit fine gowne. 
 
 Sine cloake, fine fliirt^ fine breeches. 
 
 Sf. Alb AN'sJIreefy Pall-mall. 
 
 Albemarle buildings y Bond ftreet, fo 
 called from the Duke of Albemarle, who 
 bought the Earl of Clarendon's feat, 
 which ftood here, and afterwarsd fel- 
 ling the houfe and gardens, they were 
 laid out into ftreets, v/hence arofe this 
 and the two following ftreets. 
 
 Albemarle mewsy Dover flreet. 
 
 Albemarle ftreet. i . Piccadilly, 2 . St- 
 John s flreet. Weft Smithfield. -f- 
 
 In 
 
ALB 
 
 H5 
 
 In the poffeflion of Richard Mead, Efq; 
 in Albemarle ftreet, is a book bought out 
 of the colled:ion of the famous Cardinal 
 Maximi at Rome ; it contain 148 ac- 
 curate and elegant paintings in water 
 colours, done from ancient pidlures found 
 on the walls, ceilings and floors of the 
 baths of Titus, and various other buildings 
 in Rome, fome of which have been en- 
 graved by Bartoli in his Sepolchri di Naf- 
 foniy and in other books : but many of 
 them are to be feen no v/here elfe, neither 
 engraved, nor on the walls from whence 
 they were firft copied, v^here they are 
 much defaced by the vv^eather, the fmoke 
 of torches, and other accidents. 
 
 Of thefe ancient paintings on wall, 
 Mr. Mead has alfo a very elegant little 
 ipecimen reprefenting Auguilus reftor- 
 ing a crown to a conquered Prince in the 
 prefence of feveral of his courtiers, a- 
 mong which the faces of Meca^nas and 
 Horace may be dillinguifhed. — This 
 has been engraved and explained by 
 Turnbull. 
 
 An ancient Greek infcription, being 
 eight lines of Hexameter and Pentameter 
 verfes on a marble brought from Alia, 
 which had been a pedeftal to a ftatue of 
 
 Vol . I- L Jupiter 
 
146 
 
 A L D 
 
 Jupiter Urius. This has been engraved 
 and explained by the learned Mr. Chifhul 
 in his Antiquitates AJiaticce. 
 Alcock's rentSy Barnaby ftreet.-f- 
 Alderman BURY, Cateaton ftreet. This 
 ftreet was thus named from the Guild- 
 hall being anciently fituated there, till 
 falling to decay, the prefent hall was built 
 at the end of King ftreet, about the year 
 1420. The old hall muft have been 
 very ancient, as this ftreet had the name 
 of Aldermanbury fo early as before the 
 year 11 891 and Mn Maitland fuppofes 
 that Edward the Confeftbr, who began 
 his reign in 1042, had a confiderable' 
 ^liare in its firft foundation. 
 Aldermanbury F oft em, London walL 
 Alderman Parsons's ftqirs^ St. Catha- 
 rine's. 
 
 Alde r man's walkj Biftioofg-ate ftreet. 
 
 Aldermen. Thefe are twenty-lix in 
 number, and each has his feparate ward, 
 to the government of which he is more 
 immediately to attend. Thofe who 
 have ferved the office of Lord Mayor, are 
 faid to be above the chair, and with three 
 of the eldeft that are next it, are juftices 
 of the peace by charter. All the Alder- 
 men keep their wardmote for chufing 
 
 ward 
 
A L I3 
 
 147 
 
 Ward officers, and fettling the afFairs of 
 the ward ; for redreffing grievances, and 
 prefenting all defaults found in the ward* 
 In the management of thefe afFairs, every 
 Alderman has his deputy, chofen out o^ 
 the common council, and in fome of the 
 wards, that are very large, the Aldermaa 
 has two deputies. 
 Aldersgate, which is fituated 1265 
 feet fouth weft of Crippiegate, is, in 
 S tow's opinion, one of the original 
 gates of the city ; but this is difputed by 
 Maitlandj who obferves, that the epithet 
 of Alder does not neceilarily iiiiply its 
 antiquity, as fome derive the name of 
 the gate from Aldrich, a Saxon 5 others 
 from the feniors or old men by whom it 
 was built ; and others from the great 
 number of alder trees, which grew m 
 that neighbourhood ; whence he ima- 
 gines that either of thefe opinions is 
 more probable, than that this name was 
 conferred upon it on account of its agc^ 
 particularly as it is no where found to be 
 mentioned before the conqiieft. 
 
 The prefent gate was built in the year 
 16 1 6, and being much damaged by the 
 fire of London, was repaired in 1670. 
 In a large fquare over the arch is King 
 James I. on hcrfeback, in the fame pof- 
 .L 2 ture 
 
A L D 
 
 tare as when he made his entry through 
 this gate, on his coming to take pof- 
 feffion of the crown. The arms of 
 England, Scotland, and Ireland, are quar- 
 tered above his head. In a nich on the 
 eaft fide is the prophet Jeremiah, with 
 the words of the 25th verfe of the 17th 
 chapter of his book ; and in a nich on ' 
 the wefl fide ftands the prophet Samuel, 
 with the firft verfe of the 12th chap, of 
 I Sam. On the fouth fide is King 
 James I. in his royal robes, fitting in a 
 chair of ftate, done in relief. By the 
 fides of the gate there are two pofterns 
 for the convenience of foot palfengers : 
 and the apartments above are appropriated 
 to the ufe of the common crier of the city. 
 
 A late author obferves, that this gate 
 is fo heavy and Gothic a fiirudture, that 
 it hardly deferves notice, unlefs for the 
 fake of the bafs relief of King James^ 
 which, though in an aukward and inele- 
 gant tafle, is a very tolerable piece of 
 workmanlhip, and may challenge fome 
 applaufe. 
 
 Aldersgate ^ars, in Gofwell ftreet, a lit- 
 tle beyond the north end of Alderfgate 
 ftreet, where the liberties of the city end 
 
 . on that fide, 
 
 Al- 
 
A L D 
 
 149 
 
 Alders GATE ftreet^ extends from the gate 
 to the corner of Barbican. 
 
 Aldersgate Ward, is of confiderable 
 extent both within and without the gate 
 from which it is named, and extends in 
 length from Bio wbladder flreet to Alderf- 
 gate bars, including part of Noble flreet, 
 almoft all Fofter lane, St. Martin's-le- 
 Grand, Bull and Mouth ftreet. Little 
 Britain, and Alderfgate ftreet. The 
 principal buildings are two churches, St. 
 Botolph's and St. Ann's, Goldfmiths- 
 hall. Cooks - hail, Coachmakers - hall, 
 Shaftfbury houfe, a noble building now 
 uJfed for the London lying-in hos- 
 pital, and London-houfe. This ward 
 is governed by an Alderman, two Depu- 
 ties, and eight Common Council Men ; 
 eight conftables, nine fcavengers, nineteen 
 w^ardmote inqueft men and a beadle. 
 The jurymen returned by the wardmote 
 inqueft ferve in the feveral courts in 
 Guildhall in the month of Auguft. 
 
 Aldgate, was one of the four original 
 gates of the city, and that through 
 which the Roman vicinal way led to the 
 trajeSlus or ferry at Old Ford. Stow 
 fays, that it received its name from its 
 antiquiiy, which Maitland obferves is 
 
150 ALP 
 
 very improbable, though he allows that 
 the Saxons might give it the epithet of 
 Ejuld or Ald^ from the ruinous conditioji 
 in which they found it when they firft 
 polTeiTed themfelves of this city. How- 
 ever, the firft time it is found mentioned, 
 is in a charter granted by King Edgar 
 about the year 967, 
 
 Aldgate being very ruinous, was pulled 
 down in the year 1 606, and the firft ftone 
 of the prefent edifice was laid the next 
 year ; but this work was not finifhed till 
 1609, It is obfervable that in digging 
 the foundation, feveral Roman coins 
 were difcovered, two of which Mr. Bond 
 the furveyor caufed to be cut on ftone, 
 and placed on each fide of the eaft front, 
 On the fame fide was placed in a large 
 fquare the ftatue of King James I. in gilt 
 armour, with a golden lion and a chained 
 unicorn couchant at his feet. On the top 
 of the gate was a vane fupported by a 
 gilt fphere, on each fide of which ftood 
 a foldier holding a bullet in his hand, on 
 the top of the upper battlements. On 
 the weft fide was a figure of Fortune gilt, 
 and ftanding on a globe, with a profper- 
 ous fail fpreading over her head ; under 
 which was carved the King s arms; fome 
 
 what 
 
A L D 
 
 what lower on the fouth fide ftood Peace 
 with a dove perched on her hand, and a 
 gilded wreath in the other; and on the 
 north fide was the emblem of Charity* 
 Over the arch of the gate was alfo en- 
 graven, 
 
 Senatus Populufque Londlnenfis 
 Fecit 1609 
 HuMPREY Weld, Maior. 
 
 But all thefe ftatues have been removed^ 
 and none of thefe ornaments remain, ex- 
 cept the. reprefentation of the two Etonian 
 coins, and the infcription. 
 
 The apartments over this gate are ap- 
 propriated to the ufe of one of the Lord 
 Mayor's carvers. 
 
 Aldgate high Jlreet^ extends from Aid- 
 gate to Leadenhall ftreet. 
 
 Ki.'DGA.TY. ftreet, extends without Aldgate, 
 to the north eaft corner of the Minories. 
 
 Aldgate Ward, is bounded on the eaft 
 by Portfoken ward ; on the fouth by 
 Tower ftreet ward ; and on the weft and 
 north, by the wards of Langbourn, Lime 
 ftreet and Bifhopfgate. It extends from 
 Aldgate to Lime ftreet corner in Leaden- 
 hall ftreet^ and takes in all the ftreets 
 L 4 and 
 
A L I 
 
 and lanes on the one hand to Bevis 
 Mark and Shoemaker row, and on the 
 other to Ironmongers hall in Fenchurch 
 ftreet ; to the navy oflice^ only a part 
 of which is in this ward, and to the end 
 of River ftreet Tower hill ; including 
 Poor Jury lane, Crutched Friars, Lon- 
 don ftreet, WoodrofF lane^ &c. The 
 principal buildings are thefe four parifh 
 churches, St. Catharine Cree church, 
 St. Andrew Underfhaft, St* James 
 Duke's place, and St. Catharine Cole- 
 man ; three Jews Synagogues, and the 
 Ironmongers, Fletchers and Bricklayers 
 halls. It is under the government of 
 an Alderman and fix Common Council 
 men, one of whom is the Alderman's 
 deputy, with fix conftables, nine fcaven- 
 gers, eighteen wardmote inqueft men, 
 and a beadle. The jurymen returned by 
 the wardmote inqueft, ferve as jurors in 
 the feveral courts of Guildhall in the 
 month of January. Maitland. 
 Alexander's yard^ Water lane. Fleet 
 ftreet.-f- 
 
 Alienation office in thelnnerTemple, 
 is one of the offices under the Lord 
 Chancellor. Here all writs of covenants 
 and entry upon which fines are levied, 
 
 and 
 
A L L 
 
 153 
 
 * and recoveries fufFered^ are carried to 
 have fines for alienation, fet and paid 
 thereupon. This office is executed by 
 three commiffioners* Chamberlain s Fre- 
 fent State. 
 
 All akb's hilly Rotherhith wall.-f- 
 
 Allen's ftreety Gofwell ftreet. ^ 
 
 Allen's courty i. Leadenhall ftreet. -f- 2. 
 Oxford ftreet. 
 
 Allen's rents y Houndfditch, Biflioplgatc 
 ftreet w^ithout. ^ 
 
 j^^lleyn's College at Duhvich. See 
 DuLwiCH college. 
 
 Alleyn's Almshouse in Lamb alley in 
 Bifhopfgate ftreet. This charitable 
 foundation, was ere6ted in Petty France 
 by BMward Alley n, a comedian > about 
 the year 1614, and from thence re- 
 moved to the above place upon the re- 
 building of Petty France, now called 
 New Broad ftreet. Ten poor men and 
 women are, belides their lodging, allow- 
 ed about 40 s. per annum y and every o- 
 ther year the men have coats and breeches, 
 and the women gowns and petticoats. 
 Maitland. 
 
 Alleyn's Almshouse, in Pefthoufe lane 
 near Old ftreet, was founded by the 
 above Edward Alleyn, about the year 
 
 1616, 
 
154 
 
 ALL 
 
 1616, for ten poor men and women; 
 who receive 6d. per week each, and every 
 other year coats and gowns. 
 
 Alleyn's Almshouse in Soap yard,Dead- 
 man's Place in Southwark, was alfo 
 founded by the above Edward AUeyn, 
 about the year 1 6 1 6, for ten poor men 
 and women, with an allowance of only 
 6d. per week. 
 
 All HAL Laws Barking church, at the eaft 
 end of Tower ftreet, is fo denominated 
 from its being dedicated to all the Saints, 
 vulgarly called AUhallows ; and its 
 anciently belonging to the Abbefs and 
 Convent of Barking in ElTex. It ef- 
 caped the fire in 1666, and carries about 
 it the marks of that period when archi- 
 tedlure was not well underftood in Eng- 
 land. The church is of confiderable 
 extent, and the fteeple is a plain tower 
 with its turret. It is a vicarage in the 
 patronage of the Archbifhop of Canter- 
 bury. The Vicar, befides other advan- 
 tages, receives about 126L a year in 
 tithes. 
 
 Allhallows Bread ftreet. The old church 
 was deftroyed by the dreadful confla- 
 gration which laid moft of the other 
 churches in ruinsi and the prefent edifice 
 
 was 
 
ALL 
 
 ^55 
 
 was cre6led in 1 684. It confifts of a plain 
 body, and a fquare tower divided into 
 four ftages with arches near the top. It 
 is a rectory, and one of the thirteen pe- 
 culiars in this city belonging to the Arch- 
 bifhop of Canterbury. 
 
 The advowfon of this church is in 
 the Archbifhcp of Canterbury, and to 
 this parifh that of St- John the Evangelift 
 is united. The Vicar, befides glebes, ca- 
 fualties, annual donations, and other 
 advantages, receives 140L a year in lieu 
 of tithes. Maitland, 
 
 The following monumental infcrip- 
 ton in this church is worthy of a place in 
 this work. It is to the memory of Hum- 
 frey Levins, a citizen and grocer of Lon- 
 don, who died in 1682, in the fifty- 
 third year of his age, and his fon Hum- 
 frey, a youth aged fourteen, w^ho died 
 in 1677, and lies buried in the fame 
 grav^. 
 
 Which (hall we weep ? both merit tears; yet fure 
 Tears are but vain, where bhfs is fo fecure. 
 Which (hall we praife ? our eulogy can^t add 
 Unto the blefs'd, v/ho God's kind euge had. 
 Our duty's but to Imitate and admire 
 This happy pair of the celeftial choir. 
 
ALL 
 
 All HAL LOWS the Greats fituated on the 
 fouth fide of Thames ftreet, was ancient- 
 ly denominated the More y and 
 Allhallows ad Fcenum in the Ropery^ 
 from its vicinity to a hay- wharf or mar- 
 ket, and fituation among rope-makers. 
 The old church with a large cloifter on 
 the fouth fide, v/ere confumed in the ge- 
 neral conflagration in 1666, and the 
 prefent edifice arofe in 1683. It was 
 built on Sir Chrifl:opher Wren's plan ; 
 but in fome parts the mafon has taken 
 inexcufable liberties. The church is 87 
 feet in length, 60 in breadth, and the 
 height to the roof is 33* It is built of 
 Hone, and there runs thro' the whole, an 
 apparent flrength and folidity. The walls 
 are plain and mafly, the ornaments are 
 few and fimple, and the apertures, tho* 
 large, in order to enlighten fo confidera- 
 ble a breadth, are not numerous. The 
 tower is plain, fquare, and divided into 
 five fiiages, but terminates abfolutely 
 fquare and plain, without fpire, turret 
 or pinacles. The cornice is fupported by 
 fcroUs, and over thefe rifes a baluftrade 
 of folid conftrudlion, very proper for the 
 refi: of the building* Maitlandy and 
 Englijh ArchiteBure. 
 
 Among 
 
ALL 
 
 ^57 
 
 Among the funeral monuments in 
 this church, before its being burnt, was 
 one in memory of Queen Ehzabeth, with 
 the following infcriptions : 
 
 If royal virtues ever crown'd a crown ; 
 
 If ever mildnefs fliin'd in majcfty ; 
 If ever honour honoured true renown ; 
 
 If ever courage dwelt with clemency ; 
 If ever Princefs put all Princes down, 
 
 For temperance, prowefs, prudence, equity 3 
 This, this was fhe, that in defpight of death 
 Lives ilill admir'd, ador'd Elizabeth. 
 Many daughters have done virtuoufly, but thou ex- 
 celleft them all. 
 
 In the figure of a hook above her piSfure ; 
 They that truft in the Lord fliall be as Mount Sion, 
 which fhall not be removed. 
 
 On the right ftde ; 
 Spain's rod, Rome's ruin, the Netherlands relief. 
 Heaven's gem, earth's joy, world's wonder, nation^s 
 chief. 
 
 On the left ftde ; 
 Britain's bleffing, England's fplendor. 
 Religion's nurfe, and Faith's defender. 
 
 jfnd beneath ; 
 I have fought a good fight, I have finifhed my 
 courfe, &c. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth died the 24th of March, 1602. 
 
 . This 
 
158 ALL 
 
 This church is a redtory, and one of 
 the thirteen peculiars belonging to the 
 Archbifliop of Canterbury ; and to this 
 parifh that of AUhallows the Lefs is an- 
 nexed, by which the profits of the Rec-* 
 tor are greatly increafed. He receives, 
 befides glebes, &c. 200 1. per annum in 
 lieu of tithes. 
 
 Allhallows Honey tane^ afmall church, 
 which flood where the eaft end of 
 Honey lane market is at prefent fituated; 
 but being deftroyed by the fire of Lon-- 
 London in 1666, the parifh was by a6l 
 of parliament united to the church of St. 
 Mary le Bow. 
 
 Allhallows the Lefs, ftood on the fouth 
 fide of Thames flreet, almoft adjoining 
 to that of Allhallows the Great j but 
 having fufFered in the common calamity 
 in 1666, the parifh was united to that 
 of Allhallows the Great. 
 
 Allhallows Lombard freet, fituated in 
 Bell alky, near the north corner of 
 Lombard ftreet, in Langbourn ward. A 
 church ftood here under the fame patron- 
 age, before the year 1053; but the 
 prefent plain, well-proportioned building, 
 was ered:ed in the room of that deftroy- 
 ed by ihe fire of London. The body is 
 
 enlightened 
 
ALL 159 
 
 enlightened by a fingle feries of large 
 windows, and the tower is terminated 
 by a plain battlement. 
 
 This church is a rectory, and one of 
 the thirteen peculiars in this city belong- 
 ing to the Archbifhop of Canterbury. 
 TheRed:or,befides glebes, donations, and 
 cafualties, receives 1 1 o 1. a year in lieu of 
 tithes. Maitland. 
 
 All HALLOWS London walk a fmall mean 
 edifice, a little to the eaft of Bethlem 
 Holpital, on the outlide of London wall. 
 It efcaped the fire in 1666, and is a rec- 
 tory,^ in the King's gift. 
 
 All HAL LOWS Stainingy fituated near the 
 north end of Mark lane. It is faid to 
 obtain the name of Staining, from the 
 corruption of the word ^ftoney^ becaufe 
 built at firft of ftone, when the other 
 churches dedicated to all the Saints 
 were of wood. It efcaped the fire in 
 1666. The body is well ilkiminated 
 with Gothic windows, and the fquare 
 tower is crowned with a fmall turret. 
 
 This church is a curacy, in the gift of 
 the Grocers company The curate re« 
 ceives about 100 1. a year by tithes. 
 MaitJand^ and Englijh Arcbitcoinre. 
 
 All- 
 
A L M 
 
 Allhallows Staining School, was 
 founded in the year 1658, by Mr. Wil- 
 liam Winter, ivho endowed it with the 
 fum of 600 1. the profits arifing froni 
 which, amounting to 26 1, per annum ^ are 
 employed in inflruiting fix boys in read- 
 ing, writing, and accounts, and putting 
 them out apprentice, with each of whom 
 a fum is given not exceeding 10 1. 
 
 Allhallows Lane^ near the Steely ard^ 
 Thames ftreet. 4* 
 
 Allhallows Stairs^ Allhallows lane^ 
 Thames ftreet. \ 
 
 Lord High Almoner, a clergyman of the 
 higheft rank, and frequently the Arch- 
 bifliop of York, who has the office of 
 dilpofing of the King's alms, and for 
 that ufe receives all deodands, the goods 
 of perfons found guilty of felf-murder, 
 and other fums allowed by his Majefty to 
 be dilpofed of for that purpofe. Be- 
 fides the fums diflributed to the poor 
 of feveral parifhes, there are many poor 
 penfioners to the King below ftairs, who 
 have a competency duly paid them, either 
 becaufe they are fo old as to be unfit for 
 fervice, or becaufe they arc the widows 
 of fuch of his Majefty's houlhold fer- 
 vants as died poor, and were unable to 
 
 provide 
 
 2 
 
A L M 
 
 provide for their wives and children in 
 their life- times. 
 
 Under the Lord Kigh Almoner, are 
 a Sub-almoner, a Yeoman, and a Groom 
 of the Almonry. 
 
 Almonry, vulgarly called xkvzAmbryy re- 
 ceives its name from the alms of the 
 Abbey being diftributed there, and v^^as 
 originally a chapel dedicated to St. Ca- 
 tharine, and not, as Mr. Stov/ alferts,* 
 to St. Anne. Near this chapel Abbot 
 Illip eredted the firft printing-houfe that 
 ever was in England in the year 1474 ; 
 when Mr. William Caxton, a citizen 
 and mercer of London, bringing that 
 invaluable art from Holland, became the 
 firft printer in Britain. Matt land. 
 
 Almonry Scfiool, fituated in the Al- 
 monry at W eflminfter, was founded in 
 th« year 1677, by Henry Hill, Efq; 
 who alfo endowed it with 7 1. a year for 
 the education of poor children. 
 
 Almshouses. See a particular account of 
 each under the names of their refpedlive 
 founders. The number of perfons con- 
 tained in the feveral Alms-houfes and 
 hofpitals within the bills of mortality, 
 with the children put forth apprentice by 
 the money colledted at the ki.it, &c. of 
 Vol. L M ths 
 
l62 
 
 A M E 
 
 the Sons of the Clergy, and the feveral 
 poor families that participate of the 
 King s annual charity, amount in the 
 whole to about 8000 perfons, and the 
 fum employed for their relief to 80,000 L 
 Maitland. 
 
 Almshouse yard. i. Little Almonry, 
 Weftmirijfter. 2. Dormers Hill. 3. 
 Little Chapel ftreet. 4. Coleman ftreet. 
 5. Snow Hill, in which Hammond's 
 alms-houfe is lituated. 
 
 ^t. Alpha GE, in Aldermanbury near 
 London-wall, owes its name to its dedi- 
 cation to St. Alphage, or Elphege, a 
 noble Saxon Saint, and Archbilhop of 
 Canterbury, who was murdered at 
 Greenwich by the pagan Danes, in the 
 year 10 13. This church efcaped the 
 flames in 1666, and is ftill {landing; 
 tho' it is as mean a ftrudture as can well 
 be conceived. 
 
 The living is a redtory in the patron- 
 age of the Bifhop of London, and the 
 Redor receives about 75l.a yearin tithes. 
 
 Amble courts near Wellclofe fquare. 
 
 Amen corner ^ at the end of Pater- nofter- 
 rov/, near St. Paul's. See Pater- 
 noster-row. 
 
 Amersham, or Agmondesham, a fmall 
 
 but 
 
A M E 
 
 163 
 
 but very ancient borough, in Bucking-' 
 hamflhire, fituated in a vale between 
 woody hills, 29 miles from London- 
 This town does not come within the 
 compafs which we have prescribed round 
 London, but our map of the environs 
 not being a circle, the angles of it take 
 in fome few places at a greater diftance 
 than 20 miles ; and thefe being inferted 
 in our map, we thought vv^e could not 
 difpenfe with taking notice of them, as 
 well as of thofe within the prefcribed 
 limits. The town confijfts of a long ftreet, 
 divided about the middle by a fhorter 
 crofs-ftreet; in the interfedion of which 
 ftands the church, faid to be the heft 
 re£loiy in the county ; it being well en- 
 dowed by GeofFery de Mandeville, Earl 
 of EfTex, in the reign of King Stephen. 
 There is here a liandfome market-houfe, 
 built With brick on arched pillars, about 
 8q years ago, by Sir William Drake, 
 Knt, It has a free-fchool founded in the 
 reign of Queen Elizabeth ; and here is 
 alfo a fine feat called Shardelowes, the 
 manor of which formerly belonged to 
 the noble family of the RuiTels ; but a- 
 bout the time of the reiloration it was 
 fold, with the borouoh, to Sir William 
 M 2 Drake, 
 
AMI 
 
 Drake, Bart, in whofe family it Hill re- 
 mains. 
 
 Amicable Society, in Serjeants-inn 
 Fleet ftreet, was incorporated by a charter 
 granted by Queen Anne, in the year 
 1706, for a perpetual Affurance-office 
 for the purpofe of making a provifion 
 for their wives, children, and other re- 
 lations, after an eafy, certain and advan- 
 tageous manner, with power to purchafe 
 lands, &c. and to have a feal, which is 
 a dove ftanding upon a ferpent, and a- 
 bove in a fcioU the motto Prudens 
 SiMPLiciTAs. The number of perfons 
 to be incorporated was not to exceed 
 2000. After paying the charges of 
 the policy, and i o s. entrance-money, 
 each pedbn was to pay 6 1. 4 s. per an- 
 num^ which annual payments have fince, 
 by the increafe of the Society's ftock, 
 been reduced to 5I. a year, payable quar- 
 terly, and from thefe payments the divi- 
 dends to claimants are to arife. 
 
 That this Society has been great- 
 ly beneficial to the public, evidently 
 appears from a flate of their yearly 
 dividends from Lady-day 1710, to 
 Lady 1757, during which each claim 
 amounted upon an average to 106 1. i s. 
 
 4d. 
 
AMI 165 
 
 4 d. but taking the computation only 
 for thefe twenty-three years laft paft, 
 •viz, from the year 1734, (when by an 
 order of the general court, a part of 
 their yearly income was appropriated for 
 augmenting their claims whenever they 
 £hould happen to be under lool.) the 
 quantum of fuch clairas from the year 
 1734 to 1757, have amounted upon an 
 average to 120 1. 9 s. i d. and fo con- 
 fiderable has been the increafe of the 
 dividends for thefe nine years laft 
 paft, that each claim, during that period, 
 has been advanced upon an average to 
 142 1. 6 s. 5 d. 
 
 However, at a general court held 
 May 12, 1757, an order was made for 
 farther augmenting the dividends on 
 claims, fo as that for the future they wiil 
 not be lefs than 125 1. each claim, but 
 yet may happen to be coniiderably more, 
 which has been the cafe of feveral for- 
 mer years. 
 
 The advantages from becoming mem- 
 bers of this fociety are fuch as follow : 
 
 To clergymen, phyficians, furgeons, 
 lawyers, tradcfinen, and particularly 
 perfons pofleffed of places or employ- 
 ments for life: to fuch parents, huf- 
 bands, or wives, and other relations, 
 M 3 whofe 
 
l66 ^ A M I 
 
 whofe income is fubjedtto be determined 
 or diminifhed at their refpeftive deaths, 
 who by infuring their lives by means of 
 this Society, may now in all events leave 
 to their families a claim, or right, to re- 
 ceive a fum not lefs than 1 25 1. for every 
 five pounds annually paid in, and very 
 probably a larger fum, as appears by the 
 above account. 
 
 To married perfons, more efpecially 
 where a jointure, peniion, or annuity 
 depends on both or either of their lives, 
 by infuring the life of the perfons in- 
 titled to fuch annuity, penfion or join- 
 ture. 
 
 To dependents upon any other per- 
 fon intitled to a falary, benefaftion, or 
 other means of fabfiftence, during the 
 life of foch perfon, whofe life being in- 
 fured in this fociety, either by them- 
 felv§s, or by the perfon upon whom 
 they are dependent, will intitle them to 
 receive upon the death of fuch perfon, 
 a fum not lefs than 1 25 1. for each num- 
 ber fo intured. 
 
 To perlbns wanting to borrow mo- 
 ney, Vv^ho by infuring their lives, are 
 enabled to give a collateral fecurity for 
 the money borrowed. 
 
 To 
 
A M I 
 
 To creditors intkled to demands larger 
 than their debtors are able to difcharge, 
 fuch debtors may, by a like infurance, fe- 
 cure to their creditors their principal 
 fums at their deaths. 
 
 The abovementioned advantages are 
 chiefly with refped: to perpetual infur- 
 ances for life ; but temporary infurers 
 may find no lefs advantage from this So- 
 ciety, as may plainly appear from the fol- 
 lowing inftance, viz. A. B. has agreed 
 for the purchafe of an office or employ- 
 ment, but wants 300L or 400I. to make 
 up the purchafe-money : he is willing 
 to aflign a fhare of the profits or income 
 of his office, as a fecurity or pledge for 
 the repayment of the principal with in- 
 tereft, but cannot obtain a loan of that 
 fum without infuring his life till the 
 whole be cleared, which he is enabled 
 to do by the help of this Society. For 
 example ; He purchafes three numbers, 
 on each of which he infures his life, and 
 thereby his affigns become intitled to 
 three feveral claims at his death ; which 
 claims, by the abovementioned provifion, 
 will not be lefs than 125I. each, and may 
 probably amount to more : he affigns and 
 depofits his policy with the lender : he 
 M 4 pays 
 
|68 
 
 AMI 
 
 pays to the Society for the yearly contri-^ 
 butions on the three numbers no more 
 than 5I. eacli, which is confiderably lefs 
 than 5I per cent, under which rate nq 
 other office will infure, and that for one 
 year only ; at the end of which fuch of- 
 fices are at liberty to refufe any further 
 infurance : whereas in this Society the 
 infurance continues during the life of the 
 infured^ unlefs excluded by the non- 
 payment of the quarterly contributions. 
 And ev^ry infurer, or their reprefenta- 
 tives, at the end of their infurance may 
 in a great meafure (if not entirely) reim-^ 
 burfe themfelves their purchafe-money 
 (originally paid by them for their num- 
 bers) by difpofing of them at a market 
 price, which they may do without any 
 farther trouble than applying to the So- 
 ciety's office. 
 
 The regulations of the Society are as 
 follow : 
 
 All perfons at the time of their admif- 
 iion are to be between the ages of 
 twelve and forty-five, and muft then ap- 
 pear to be in a good flate of health. 
 
 Perfons living in the country may be 
 admitted by certificates and affidavit, 
 
 fprmg 
 
A M I 
 
 forms of which may be had at the of- 
 fice. 
 
 Every claimant is impowered to put 
 in a new life in the room of the deceafed 
 within twelve calendar months, next after 
 the end of the current year, for which 
 his or her claim fhall be allowed as often 
 as the fame fhall happen, upon payment 
 of ICS. entrance. 
 
 Any perfon may have two or three feve- 
 ral infurances, or numbers, on one and 
 the fame life, whereby fuch perfons 
 will be intitled to a claim on each number 
 fo infured. 
 
 The affairs of the corporation are manag- 
 ed by a court of twelve directors annually 
 chofen within forty days after every 25th 
 of March ; and the majority of the 
 members aiTembled at a general court, 
 which is never to confift of lefs than 
 twenty, are impowered to make lav/s 
 and ordinances for the good govern- 
 ment of the corporation. The char- 
 ter direfts one of the members of the So- 
 ciety to be elecled their Regifter, who 
 being alfo their receiver and accomptant, 
 is therefore required by the by-laV/s to 
 give good fecurity in the fum pf 200ol. 
 at ieaft. 
 
 Five 
 
170 
 
 ANA 
 
 Five members of the Society arc an- 
 nually elefted auditors, who are by their 
 office to infpe<5t every tranfadtion of the 
 Society, to examine all vouchers for re- 
 ceipts and payments, and upon oath to 
 lay before the quarterly and annual gene- 
 ral courts, the quarterly and annual ac- 
 counts of the Society : and on the day 
 before the holding each court of direc- 
 tors, the auditors are to ftate and enter in 
 the directors minute book a balance of 
 the cafh of the Society, 
 
 Attendance is daily given at the So- 
 ciety's office from nine in the morning, 
 till two in the afternoon, holidays ex- 
 cepted. From the propofah printed by the 
 Society. 
 
 Amsterdam courts Upper Shadwell. 
 
 Amyas's almshouse w^as erefted in 
 George yard. Old ftreet, in the year 
 1 655, by Mrs. Sufanna Amyas, for eight 
 poor lingle men or women, w^ho have an 
 allov^ance of per annum each ; befides 
 61. to furniffi them all with coals, il. for 
 water, and il. for one of the eight to read 
 prayers daily. 
 
 Anabaptists, or, as they chufe to call 
 themfelves, Baptifts. See an account of 
 
 their 
 
AND 
 
 tji 
 
 their feveral places of worfliip, under the 
 
 article Baptist. 
 AjMchor alley, i. Mint flreet,Southwark.* 
 
 2. Worcefter place, Thames flreet/* 
 x^NCHOR AND HoPE alky. Green bank, 
 
 near Wapping.^ 
 Anchor court y Anchor flreet, Spital- 
 
 fields.* 
 
 Anchor lane, Thames ftreet.* 
 
 Anchor ftreet. i. By Webb's fquare,Spital- 
 
 fields."^ 2. Thames ftreet.* 
 ANCHoRjj/^r^,Barnaby ftreet, Southwark.* 
 Anderson's j/^r^, Oxford ftreet.-|- 
 St. Andrew's Holborriy a plain but not 
 inelegant church, fituated on the fouth 
 fide of Holborn, and at the corner of 
 Shoe lane. It is dedicated to St. An- 
 drew the Apoftle, who was diftinguiflied 
 by being the firfl: perfon Chrift called for 
 a difciple ; and his lUiTering martyrdom 
 in Achaia. There was a church in this 
 place called by the name of the fame 
 Apoftle, fo early as the year 1 297. The 
 old church efcaped the flames in the 
 dreadfal fire of London, that proved 
 fatal to fo many others \ but ten years 
 after being found too ruinous for repair, 
 was taken down in 1687, and the pre- 
 fent ftrufturc ere(5ted in its place, except 
 
 the 
 
AND 
 
 the tower, which was not finifhcd till the 
 year 1704. 
 
 This church has a confiiderable fpacc 
 before it, which is entered by a hand- 
 fome pair of iron gates. It is a neat 
 edifice, with two feries of w indows, and 
 a handfome baluftrade round the top. 
 The tower, which rifes fquare, confiits 
 only of two ftages, and round the top is 
 a baluftrade with a pinacle at each 
 corner; on the crown of each is placed a 
 pine apple, from which rifes the fanes. 
 On the infide, the church is extremely 
 neat and well finifhed. 
 
 The living is a redory, faid to be 
 worth 600I. a year, in the patronage of 
 the Duke of Montague. StowyMahland^ 
 Englijh architeSlure. 
 
 St* Andrew's court, Holborn hill, fo cal- 
 led from the above church. 
 
 Sf. Andrew Hubbard, a church which 
 flood between St. Botolph's lane, and 
 Love lane, in LittleEaftcheap, where the 
 King's weigh-houfe now ftands , but be- 
 ing deftroyed by the fire of London, and 
 not rebuilt, the parifli was united to that 
 of St. Mary at Hill. 
 
 iS/. Andrew UjtderJIjaff, at the corner of 
 of St. Mary Ax in Leadenhall ftreet, 
 
 an4 
 
AND 173 
 
 and in Aldgtite ward. There flood in 
 this place a church dedicated to the 
 fame Saint fo early as in 1362, which 
 was pulled down in the year 1532, and 
 the prefent flruiture erected in its room. 
 It obtained the name of TJitderjJdcrft from 
 a may-pole, which was anciently called 
 a fhaft, being annually raifed in the 
 ftreet near it on May -day, and was taller 
 than the fteeple. 
 
 This church is a plain gothic ftrudlure, 
 with a well enlightened body, and a 
 fquare tower terminated by battlements^ 
 with pinacles at the corners, within 
 which rifes a turret that contains the 
 bell. It is a redlory, in the patronage of 
 the Bifhop of London. The Incumbent 
 receives 1 20L a year by tithes. 
 St. Andrew Wardrobe^ on the eaft fide of 
 Puddledock hill, in Caftle Baynard ward, 
 took its name from a great royal ward- 
 robe eredled there in the reign of King 
 Edward IIL There was a church on 
 the fame jpot dedicated to St. Andrew 
 in the year 1322 : but the prefent ftruc- 
 ture was not built till the year 1670, 
 when it was ereiled in the place of one 
 burnt by the fire of London. The body 
 is enlightened by two rows of windows, 
 
 and 
 
J 74 
 
 A N G 
 
 and the tower has neither turret^ pina- 
 cles nor fpire. 
 
 This church is a redlory, in the gift of 
 the Crown, and to this parifh that of St- 
 Ann's Black Friars is annexed. The 
 Reftor receives by aft of parliament 140I. 
 a year in lieu of tithes. Newc. Repert. ^ 
 Ecclef. 
 
 Angel alley, i. Fore ftreet, Lambeth.^' 
 2. King's ftreet, St. James's fquare."* 3, 
 Shoe lane,^ 3. Gray's Inn lane.* 5. Long | 
 acre.* 6. Alderfgate ftreet.* 7. Redcrofs 
 ftreet.* 8. Whitecrofs ftreet. Cripple- 
 gate.^ 9 Charterhoufe lane.* 10 Cole- 
 man ftreet.* II Fenchurch ftreet.* 12 
 Leadenhall ftreet.* 13 Houndfditch.* 
 1 4 Little Moorfields.^Bifhopfgateftreet.* 
 16 Golden lane. Old ftreet.* 14 Stony 
 lane, Petticoat lane. 18 Whitechapel.* 
 19 Brick lane, Spitalfields.* 20 RatclifF 
 highway.* 21 Nightingale lane, Eaft 
 Smithfield.* 22 Pepper Alley, South- 
 wark.* 23 Coal Harbour, Thames 
 ftreet.* 
 
 Angel court, i King's ftreet, St. James's 
 fquare.* 2Drury lane.^ 3 Charing Croft.^ 
 4 Charterhoufe lane alley.^^ 5 Aldcrfgate 
 ftreet.* 6 Friday ftreet.^' 7 Grub ftreet."^ 
 8 Camomile ftreet.^ 9 Bifhopfgate ftreet 
 
 with-* 
 
ANN 
 
 175 
 
 without.^ 10 Lamb alley, Biifhopfgate 
 ftreet."* 1 1 Angel alley, Alderfgate 
 ftreet.* 1 2 Foul lane, in the Borough.^ 
 13 Great Windmill ftreet.^ 14 King's 
 Bench alley, Southwark.^ 15 Redcrofs 
 ftreet in the Park, South wark.^ 16 
 Leadenhall ftreet/^ 17 Little Elbow 
 lane,^ 1 8 New Gravel lane.* 1 9 Red- 
 crofs ftreet, Cripplegate.* 20 Little Old 
 Bailey.* 21 SnowhilL* 22 Long acre.* 
 23 Long ditch, Weftminfter.* 24 Near 
 St. James's fquare.* 25 St. Martin s lane. 
 Charing crofs.* 26 Near Surry ftreet in 
 the Strand.*27 Throgmorton ftreet.* 28 
 White's alley, Rofemary lane.* 29 Stony 
 lane. Petticoat lane.* 3 a Shoe lane.* 
 
 Angel hilU Oxford ftreet.* 
 
 Angel ftreet. i St. Martin's le grand.* 2 
 Little Moorfields.* 3 St. George s fields, 
 Southwark.* 
 
 Angel and Sugarloaf yard^ in the 
 Minories.* 
 
 St. Ann's alley. Noble ftreet, Fofter 
 lane. K> 
 
 Ann's alley ^ Eaft Smithfield. 
 
 ^t. Ann's Alderfgate y on the north fide of 
 of St. Ann's lane, in the ward of Al- 
 derfgate within, is dedicated to St* Ann 
 the mother of the Virgin Mary. The 
 
 old 
 
176 
 
 ANN 
 
 old church in this place peri£hed in th6 
 iire 1666, and the prefent was raifed in 
 its place about three years after. It is a 
 very plain edifice : the body is enligh- 
 tened by a few large windows, cafed 
 with ruftic. The tower, which is very 
 plain, is alfo ftrengthened at the corners 
 with ruftic, and from its top rifes a tur- 
 ret and Ipire. 
 
 The church is a redlory in the pa- 
 tronage of the Bifhop of London, and 
 the parifh of St. John Zachary is annex- 
 ed to it. The Redlor receives ii\.o\.per 
 annum y in lieu of tithes. 
 
 St.A'^^i'sBlackFriars.i^oodi on the eaft fide 
 of Churchyard alley, in the precind: of 
 Black Friars, and the ward of Faringdon 
 without ; but having fuffered in the 
 fatal calamitv of 1666, and not being; 
 rebuilt, the parifh was annexed to that 
 St. Andrew Wardrobe. 
 
 St. Ann's Limebot/Je, arofe from the great 
 increafe of houfes and inhabitants, by 
 which the villare of Limehoufe,a hamlet 
 of Stepney, became joined to the metro- 
 polis, and it was refolved that here 
 fhould be one of the fifty new churches 
 appointed by ad: of parliament to be buflt 
 within the bills of mortality. The 
 
 founda- 
 
ANN 
 
 177 
 
 foundation was laid in the year 17 12^ 
 and the prefent ftrudiure finifhed in 
 1729 ; but the inhabitants of this ham- 
 let not applying to parliament to have it 
 eredled into a parifh till the year 1729, 
 it was not confecrated till 1730. This 
 hamlet and part of that of Ratciiff, hav- 
 ing been conilituted a diftindt parifh from 
 that of Stepney, the fum of 3500I. was 
 given by parJiament to be laid out in fee 
 fimple towards the fupport of theReftor; 
 befides which the church wardens were 
 to pay him annually the fum of 60I. to 
 be raifed by burial fees. 
 
 This church is of a very lingular con- 
 ftrudlion, the body is not one plain 
 building, but is continued under feparate 
 portions. The door under the tower has 
 a portico, covered widi a dome fupport- 
 ed by pilafters, and to this door there is 
 an afcent by a flight of plain fteps. Its 
 fquare tower has a large Corinthian win- 
 dow adorned with columns and pilailers. 
 The corners of the tower are alio llrength- 
 ened by pilafters, w^hich on their tops 
 fupport vafes. The upper ftage of the 
 tower is plain, and extremely heavy, and 
 from this part rifes a turret at each cor- 
 ner, and a more lofty one in the middle. 
 Vol. I. N The 
 
iy^ ANN 
 
 The advowfon of this re^lory, which 
 is not to be held in commendam^ is in 
 the Principal and Scholars of King's hally 
 and Brazen-nofe College^ Oxford. Malt- 
 land. 
 
 St. Ann's So/jo , owes its foundation to the 
 fame caufe as the former, the increafe 
 of public buildings; the inh abitants of the 
 parifh of St. Martin's in the Fields be- 
 came much too numerous to be contain- 
 ed in the church, and tiierefore applying 
 to parliament, this was ere<?ced in the 
 year 1686, in a fpot of ground' then cal- 
 ledKemp's Field, and the parifh to which 
 it belongs was feparated from St. Martin's 
 m 1678. 
 
 The walls of this church are of brick 
 with ruftic quoins. The tower, which is 
 fquare, is ftrengthened with a kind of 
 buttrelTes, and at the fpringing of the 
 dome, which fupports the lanthorn, 
 there are urns on the corners with 
 flames. The lanthorn, which is formed 
 of arches, is furrounded with a baluflrade 
 at the bottom, and a turret over it is 
 well fhaped, and crowned with a globe 
 and fane. 
 
 The advow^fon of this church is fettled 
 upon the Biihop of London, and theRec- 
 
 torp 
 
NT 179 
 
 too inflead of tithes, receives from the 
 parifhioners lool- a year^ which, toge- 
 ther with the glebe, furplice fees, and 
 Eafterbook^ amount to about 300L per 
 annim. Maitland. 
 
 Sl Ann's courts Dean ftreet, Soho.4' 
 
 Ann's court, Eaft Smithfield^ 
 
 ANONYMousA/'^f'z^; Jlreetj Coverlead's fields^ 
 
 Anson's alleys Broad St* Giles's. 
 
 St. Antholin's Church yardy Budge row* 
 
 8t. Anthony, vulgarly called St. An- 
 tholin's, Budge row, a plain but well 
 proportioned church, with a neat fpire. 
 The former church in this place was 
 deftroyed fire in 1666, and the 
 prefent edifice finifhed in 1682; It is 
 built of ftone, and is of the Tufcan order, 
 firm and mafly. The length of the 
 church is 66 feet, and the breadth 54. 
 The roof is a cupola of an elliptic fofm,^ 
 enlightened by four port-hole windov/s, 
 andfupportedby compofite columns. The 
 fleeple confifls of a tower 5 and a neat fpire. 
 
 The living is a rectory, with the 
 parifh of St. John Baptift annexed to it, 
 and the advowfon is in the Dean and 
 Chapter of St. Paul's. The Px6tor re- 
 ceives 1 20 1. a year in lieu of tithes. 
 
 N 2 St. An- 
 
ANT 
 
 aS/. Anthony's Hospital and School, 
 an ancient foundation in Threadneedle 
 ftreet. See the French episcopal 
 CHURCH 171 Threadneedle Jlreet. 
 
 Antilope alley y Kings ftreet Weftmin- 
 fter. ^ 
 
 Antiquarian Society. A fociety of 
 Antiquaries was formed in this city about 
 the year 1580, by forne of the moft 
 learned men in the kino-dom : but ha- 
 
 o 
 
 ving been frequently interrupted and 
 difcontinued, very little can be faid con- 
 cerning the fame till the year 171 7, 
 when it was again revived by a number 
 of gentlemen ftudious of antiquity in ge- 
 neral, but more particulary defirous toob- 
 tain all poffible knowledge of the antiqui- 
 ties of their own country. With this view 
 they agreed to meet one evening in every 
 week under certain regulations ; they 
 encouraged correipondencies with ail parts 
 of the kingdom ; they fubfcribed an 
 annual fum to defray the expence of en- 
 graving on copper-plates, what fhould 
 be thought deferving to be fo preferved, 
 and limited their number to 100. And 
 in this manner they continued their week- 
 ly meeting with great reputation, till his 
 Majefly King George II , was gracioully 
 
 pleafed 
 
ANT 
 
 i8i 
 
 pleafed to grant them a royal charter of 
 incorporation, dated Nov, 2, ^75^> 
 and to declare himfelf their founder and 
 patron. 
 
 Under this charter they became a body 
 corporate, by the name of the Society of 
 Antiquaries of London, with a power 
 to have and ufe a common feal, to fue 
 and be fued, and to take, hold, and en- 
 joy by purchafe, gift, or otherwife, any 
 lands, tenements or hereditaments, not 
 exceeding in the whole loool.^^r annum. 
 And it is therein directed, that the Coun- 
 cil of the faid Society fhail at all times 
 confift of 2 1 perfons, the Prefident for 
 the time being always to be one ; and the 
 faid charter appoints Martin Folkes, Efq; 
 to be the firfi: Prefident, and aifo 20 other 
 perfons therein named to be thefitflCoun- 
 cil, empowering them within tvv^o months 
 from the date thereof, to nominate, 
 chufe and admit, as Fellows of the faid 
 Society, fuch perfons as fhall excel in the 
 knowledge of the antiquities and hiftory 
 of this and other nations, and be eminent 
 for piety, virtue, integrity and loyalty. 
 This firft Prefident and Council are to 
 continue till the 23d day of April next 
 ejjfuing, on which day, in every year 
 N 3 thereafter* 
 
i82 A N t 
 
 thereafter, the Council and Fellows are to 
 ailcmble to nominate and eled: a Prefi- 
 dcnt^ and Counc: Jie enliiing yearj; 
 and it is r ?^''ticu^3 y ciired:ed that eleven 
 of the formal Council fliall be continued, 
 and ten other peribrs rhoien out of the 
 niembers of the Socket— ' ,x and no more 
 of tile Co . ncll being ro ce changed an- 
 nually. Tiie Prelident is empowered to 
 nominate four perfons of the Council to 
 be his Deputies, and fupply his place in 
 cafe of iicknefs or abfence, and the Preli-» 
 dent. Council, Fellows, or any twenty- 
 one or more, are empowered to make 
 ftatutes, rules, orders and by-laws, for 
 the government and direction of the 
 faid Society, their eftates, goods, &c. 
 and for the admiflion and amoval of all 
 and every the members and officers 
 thereof. And the Prelident, Council 
 andFellows,may appoint treafurers,fecre- 
 taries and clerks, may have and employ 
 one ferjeant at mace, and fuch other fer- 
 vants as they think neceiTary. And laftly, 
 if any abufes or differences lhall arife, 
 the Archbifliop of Canterbury, the Lord 
 Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Seal, 
 the Lord Privy Seal, and the two Secre- 
 taries of State for the time being, are 
 
 appointed 
 
ANT 183 
 
 appointed Vifitors, with full power for 
 any three of them to compofe and 
 redrefs fuch differences and abufes : 
 provilion is alfo made to fill up any 
 vacancies that may happen by the death 
 of the Prefident or any of the Council. 
 
 On the receipt of this charter, the firil: 
 Preiident and Council nominated and 
 admitted, by a writing dated the 1 4th of 
 November 1751^ all the former mem- 
 bers, together with fome others, in the 
 whole 121, to be Fellows of the faid 
 Society of Antiquaries of London, and 
 foon after drew up a body of ftatutes for 
 the good government thereof, which, was 
 unanimoufly agreed to and confirmed 
 in the month of July 1752, 
 
 It was herein enadled, that the num- 
 ber of members fliould not exceed 150, 
 but that number being very foon filled 
 up, and feveral men of quality and fortune, 
 as v/ell as perfons of great learning and 
 eminence, being continually applying to 
 become members, which they could not be 
 ' till vacancies fhould happen by death, the 
 Society thought proper in the year 1755, 
 to enlarge their number to 180, (to which 
 they are limited at prefent) exclufive of 
 Peers, Privy Counceliors and Judges, that 
 N 4 * Hiould 
 
iS4 
 
 ANT 
 
 Hiould be chofcn after that time* A 
 little before this the Society gave up the 
 management of their eftate and revenues, 
 the payment of monies, and the publi- 
 cation of their papers and drawings, 
 (which before were in the body in general, 
 and thereby attended with many incon- 
 veniences,) entirely to the care of their 
 Council^ which are now a {landing com- 
 mittee for that purpofe ; and thereby the 
 government of this Society is become 
 nearly the fame as that of the Royal 
 Society^ which was doubtlefs a proper 
 pattern to copy after. 
 
 On the 23d of April, being St, 
 - George's day, the Society annually eleit 
 their Council and officers, viz. a Prefi- 
 dent, a Treafurer, two Secretaries, and a 
 Dire6lor, who has the care of all their 
 publications. Then the Prefident ap- 
 points four of the Council to be his 
 Deputies orVice-prefidents : and after the 
 election is over, the Society dine together 
 at their own expence. Martin Folkes, 
 Efq; was annually elected Prelident till 
 his death in 1754, fince which time the 
 Rt. Hon. Lord Willoughby of Parham 
 has been every year chofen. 
 
 Every perlbn defirous to be eled:ed a 
 
 Fellow 
 
ANT 
 
 Fellow of this Society,exccpt Peers, Privy 
 Counceilors, or Judges of Great Britain 
 or Ireland, mufk be recommended 
 by three or more of the members, in a 
 paper figned by themfelves, fpecifying 
 the name, addition, profeffion, and chief 
 qualification of the candidate, and alfothe 
 place of his abode. When this has been 
 read at one of the Society's meetings, and 
 then hung up in their public room during 
 the time of four other meetings, the 
 eledlion is determined by ballot. Peers, 
 Privy Councellors, and judges of Great 
 Britain or Ireland, if propofed by any fingle 
 member, mufl be balloted for immediately. 
 Every new member muft payan admiflion 
 fee of five guineas, and fign the obliga- 
 tion, whereby he promifes, that he will 
 to the utmofl of his power promote 
 the honour and interefl of the Society, 
 and obferve the ftatutes and orders there- 
 of. Which being done he is led up to 
 the chair, when the Prendent or Vice- 
 Prefident rifing, takes him by the hand 
 and fays thefe w^ords, viz. I do, 
 by the authority and in the name of the 
 Society of Antiquaries of London, ad- 
 mit you a Fellow; thereof. 
 
 Every member muft further pay one 
 guinea annually for the ufe of the So- 
 ciety, 
 
I So 
 
 A N T 
 
 ciety, or ten guineas at once in lieu of 
 all contributions. 
 
 The meetings of this Society are on 
 Thurfday evenings weekly, from about 
 lix till nine o'clock, at their houfe in 
 Chancery-lane : their bufinefs is to re- 
 ceive, read and confider all informations 
 from their own members, or others, 
 concerning the Antiquities of all nations, 
 (for which purpofe they admit eminent 
 foreigners to be correfpondent members) 
 but they more particularly attend to the 
 ftudy of the ancient hillory, cuftoms, 
 manners, grants, charters, coins, me- 
 dals, camps, churches, cities, and all 
 monuments whatever, ecclefiaftical, mili- 
 tary, or civil, which are found in or re- 
 late to Great Britain and Ireland. And 
 the communications they have received 
 concerning thefe matters muft be very 
 valuable, r.s may be judged by the many 
 curious remains of antiquity they have 
 caufed to be engraven on copper-plates, 
 and permitted lately to be fold ; tho' as 
 yet they have not thought fit to publifh 
 any of their diifertations. They have a 
 faiall but choice library, which is in- 
 crealing daily, alfo a line coUedion of 
 prints and drawings. 
 
ANT i§7 
 
 STABLE of the ANTIQUITIES en- 
 graved a7id puhlijlded by the SOCIETY 
 e/'ANTIQUARIES ^XONBON. 
 
 Num. Volume the First^ Price, 
 
 L s. d^ 
 
 THE j^^neral title and catalogue 
 
 I Q 
 
 1. A Dials lamp, found atSt.LfCo-l 
 nard's hill near Windfor, pre- ?o i o 
 fented by Sir Flans Sloane,Bart. J 
 
 2. Ulphus's horn, a piece of great i* 
 antiquity, preferved in the ca- to i q 
 thedral at York. 3 
 
 3. The font in St. James's church } 
 
 at Weftminfter. ^ ^ 
 
 4. The portrait of King Richard 1 
 
 XL from an ancient pi6tureinl ^ 
 the choir of Weftminfter ab-t^ ^ 
 bey. J 
 ^. Thre^e ancient feals, with their^ 
 reverfes ; the firft of Cotting- I 
 ham abbey in Yorkfhire, the f 
 fecond of Clare-hall in Cam- >o 10 
 bridge, and the third the chap- j 
 ter feal of the church of St. I 
 Etheldred at Ely. J 
 
 070 
 
i88 ANT 
 
 Num. Price. 
 
 /. s. d. 
 
 Brought over o 70 
 
 6. The ruins of Walfineham priory ) 
 
 in Norfolk. ^^{009 
 
 7. Waltham crofs in Middlefex. o i o 
 
 8. A plan of the remaining walls ^ ^ 
 and city of Verulam. 
 
 Q~i2. Four views of the ruins of ^ 
 Fountain abbey in Yorkfhire, \ ^ 
 
 13, 14. Three views of the gate-j 
 
 of St. Bennet's abbey in Nor- to 26 
 fclk. 3 
 
 15. The tomb of Robart Colles"| 
 
 and Cecili his wif at Foul- Vo 06 
 fliam in Norfolk. j 
 
 16. The fhrine of King Edward] 
 
 the ConfelTor in W eftminfler > o 20 
 abbey. J 
 
 17. The north front of the gate ? 
 at Whitehall. 
 
 18. The north front of King's, 
 ftreet gate in Weftminfler. \ ^ 
 
 19. Plans of the two preceding 
 gates. 
 
 I o 
 I o 
 
 I 3 
 
A N T 189 
 
 Num. Price. 
 
 /. J*, d. 
 
 Brought over i 03 
 20. Coins of King Henry VIII, 
 Edward VI, Q/Elizabeth, and 
 K. James 1. Alfo a portrait of^o 10 
 Q^liz. from a painting in ena- 
 mel. 
 
 21 — 26. The tournament of K. 1 
 
 Henry VIII, Feb. 12, 1510 j ^ ^ ^ ^ 
 from an ancient roll in the i 
 Heralds office. 3 
 
 27. The ruins of Furnefs abbey? ^ ^ 
 in Lancafhire. ^ 
 
 '28 — 33. The Barons letter in the 
 reign of King Edward I, Feb. 
 12, 1300, to Pope Boniface 
 VIII ; with the feals appendent 
 thereto. 
 
 34. An antique brafs head, dug I ^ ^ 
 up at Bath in 1727. ^ 
 
 35, 36. Three views of Colche~l 
 
 fler caftle in Effex, \vith a/^o 2 o 
 ground plot thereof. J 
 3y, 38. Tables of Englifh gold i 
 and filver coins, (hewing thef 
 feveral fpecies coined in each \ ^ ^ 
 reign. 3 
 
 2 09 
 
ig6 ANT 
 
 Num. Prke^ 
 
 A J*. ^. 
 
 Brought over 209 
 
 39. Tutbury caftle in Stafford- I 
 
 fhire. J ^ ^ 
 
 40. Melbourn caflle in Derbyfliire* o 10 
 
 41. Lancafter caftle. o 10 
 
 42. Pontefrad: caftle in Yorkfliire. o 10 
 
 43 . A gold feai of Pope Alexander 
 IV; v/ith gold and filver coins, / 
 ftruck in France and Flanders, >o 10 
 relating to the hiftory of Eng-^ \ 
 
 land. J 
 44.. Knarefborough caftle inYork-^ 1 
 
 Ihire. ^ ° i° ' ° 
 
 45. A portrait of Dr* Tanner, 7 
 Bifhop of St. Afaph. JO I o 
 
 46. Tickhill caftle in Yorkftiire. 010 
 
 47. A plan of the Roman roads in| 
 Yorkfliire. ^ ^ ^ 
 
 48. ARomanteftellated pavement,! 
 found nearCotterftockinNorth- /^o 16 
 amptonftiire in 1736. J 
 
 49. A ancient chapel, adjoining! 
 to the Bilhop's palace at Here^ >o 10 
 ford. J 
 
 2 12 3 
 
ANT 191 
 
 Num. Price. 
 
 /• s. d. 
 
 Brought over 2 12 3 
 150—52. Three Roman teliellatedl 
 
 pavementSp found at.Wellow^o 5 o 
 near Bath in 1737. J 
 53,55. Ancient feals and their re-1 
 
 verfes, from the Dutchy office >o 2 6 
 of Lancailer. J 
 
 55. Gold and filver medals of 
 Mary Queen of Scots, and Lord I 
 Darnley j with othei-s of Queen > o i ^ 
 Anne, Prince Henry, and K, \ 
 Charles I. J 
 
 56. Gold and filver coins of feve-1 
 
 ral Englifh Kings, Prince Ed- \o i 
 ward, and Q^Elizabeth. J 
 
 57. A Roman fudatory, lately") 
 found at Lincoln. - \ 
 
 58--60. Ancient feals, from thei 
 Dutchy office at Lancafter. j 
 
 6 1 . W'inchelter crofs. o 10 
 
 62. The decree of the univerlity^ 
 of Oxford in 1534, againft the f ^ 
 jurifdid;ion of the Pope in 
 Englaud. 
 
 I Q 
 
 3^^ 3 
 
192 
 
 ANT 
 
 Num. 
 
 Brought over 3 
 
 63. A plan of the Tower liberties, 1 
 from a furvey in 1 597. 3 ^ 
 
 64. Chicheffer crofs'. o 
 
 65. Three view's of the Roman? 
 ^ Re^iarii. / 
 
 66—68-' The portrait of Sir Ro- 
 bert Cotton, Bart, with two 
 plates of fragments of an an- 
 cient copy of the book of Ge- }o 
 
 • nefis, illuminated with elegant j 
 figures ; and an hiftorical dif- j 
 fertation on the faid book. J 
 
 69 .Theftandard of ancient weights 
 and meafures, from a table in 
 the Exchequer. 
 
 70. A view of the court of vrards 
 and liveries, as fitting ; with a 
 brief hiflorical account of that 
 court. 
 
 Price. 
 
 3 
 
 2 o 
 
 I o 
 
 I o 
 
 5 o 
 
 2 6 
 
 Total 4 79 
 
 N. B. This FIRST VOLUME maybe had 
 together for four pounds. 
 
 Num. 
 
I o 
 
 ANT.. lyy 
 
 l^unii Volume f/je Second.- Price. 
 
 /. s. d. 
 
 I, 2. PLANS for rebuilding the") 
 
 city of London after the great \o 2 
 fire. J 
 
 3. A portrait of Mr. Holmes, T 
 keeper of the records in thelo i o 
 Tower. J 
 
 4. Ancient deeds and feals. o 10 
 
 5. A view of the Savoy from the 7 
 river Thames. j 
 
 6. The warrant for beheading K. 1 
 Charles. j 
 
 7. An ancient wooden church at^ 
 Greenfted in ElTex, the fhrine j 
 of St. Edmund the King and 
 Martyr, and the fcal of the ab- 
 bot of St. Edmund's Bury in 
 Suffolk. 
 
 8. Glocefter crofs. 010 
 
 9. Three teffellated Roman pave-- 
 ments, found at Winterton in 
 Lincolnfhire, in 1 747 ; with ^ o 20 
 one at Roxby, a town in that 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 10. Doncafter crofs. p 10 
 
 I I . Sandal caflle in Yorkfhire. o i o 
 
 I o 
 
 VoL.L 
 
 12 6 
 
194 
 
 A N T 
 
 Num. Price. 
 
 /. £. 
 Brought over 0126 
 
 12. The Savoy hofpital in the ^ 
 Strand, v/ith the chapel. 5^ ^ ^ 
 
 13. Chthero caftle in Lancafhire. 010 
 
 1 4. A plan of the ground and I 
 buildings of the Savoy, ^ ^ ^ ^ 
 
 15. 16. A view of the cathedral 
 church and priory of Benedic- 
 tines at Canterbury, with the ^ 
 effigies of Eadwin a monk of v 
 that convent, between the years I ^ 
 1 1 30 and 1 174, both drawn by 
 himfelf; with a printed account | 
 
 of the faid drawings. J 
 1 7. An ancient lamp in two views, Tf 
 
 a vafe, and two bells,, all. of >o i o 
 brafs. J 
 
 Total o 19 6 
 
 N. B. All thefe numbers of the second 
 VOLUME may be had together for 
 Jeventeen Jhillings\ 
 Complete fets, or any fingle numbers, of 
 thefe prints may be had at Mr. Toveys 
 in Wejiminjier-hally and Mr. Boydeirs 
 iJie corner of ^^een Jireety Cheapjide ; 
 
 and 
 
A P O 
 
 195 
 
 and at the Society's houfe m Chancery 
 lane. 
 
 Apollo court, Fleet ilreet. 
 
 Apothecaries Company. This com- 
 pany was incorporated with that of the 
 Grocers by King James 1. in the year 
 1606 ; but they were foon feparated, 
 and in 16 17. incorporated by the name 
 of the Mafter, Wardens and Society of 
 the art and myftery of Apothecaries 
 of the city of London, at which time 
 there were only 104 Apothecaries 
 {hops within the city and fuburbs. 
 
 This company is governed by a Ma- 
 fler, two Wardens, and twenty-one 
 Affiftants, to whom belong a livery of 
 144 members, whofe fine is 16 1. The 
 Apothecaries have the privilege of be- 
 ing exempt from parifh and ward 
 offices. 
 
 Apothecaries Hall. This edifice is 
 fituated in Blackfriars, and has a pair cf 
 gates leading into an open court hand- 
 fomely paved with broad ftones, at the 
 upper end of which is the hall built with 
 brick and ftone, and adorned with 
 O 2 columns 
 
A P O 
 
 columns of the Tufcan order. The ceiP 
 ing of the court room and hall is orna-- 
 mented with fret work, and the latter 
 wainfcotted fourteen feet high. In the 
 hall room is . the portraiture of King 
 James I. and alfo the buft of Dr. Gideon 
 Delaun, that King's apothecary, wha 
 was a confiderable benefa6lor to the com-' 
 pany. In this building are two large 
 laboratories, one chemical, and the 
 other for galenical preparations, where 
 vaft quantities of the beft medicines are 
 prepared, for the ufe of apothecaries and 
 others, and particularly of the Surgeons 
 of the royal navy, who here make up their 
 chefls. 
 
 The Apothecaries company have a 
 fpacious and beautiful phylic garden at 
 Chelfea, which contains almoft four 
 acres, and is enriched with a vaft variety 
 of plants both domeftic and exotic. This 
 was given by Sir Hans Sloane, Bart, on 
 condition of their paying a quit rent of 
 5I. per annum, and annually delivering 
 to the Prcfident and Fellows of the Royal 
 Society, at one of their public meetings, 
 ifty fpecimens of diiFerent forts of pknts. 
 
ARC 197 
 
 well cured, and of the growth of this 
 garden, till the number of fpecimens 
 amounts to 2000. 
 Appleby's courts Barnaby ftreet«f- 
 Applebee's School is kept in St. Sa- 
 viour's churchyard in Southwark, and 
 was founded in 1 68 1 by Mrs. Dorothy 
 Applebee, who endowed it with 20L 
 fer annum, for inftruding thirty poor 
 boys in reading, v/riting and arithmetic. 
 Apple TREE yard, York Itreet, St. James s 
 fquare. :|: 
 
 Arch row^ tlie weft fide of Lincola's inn 
 fields. 
 
 Archbishop's walh near Lambeth. 
 Ar^h yard^ Harrifon's court, near Brook 
 ftreet. 
 
 Archdeacon. As the bifhopric of Lon- 
 don includes the ancient kingdom of the 
 Eaft Saxons, which contained the counties 
 of Middiefex, ElTex, and part of Hert- 
 fordihire, it has five archdeaconries, vi^. 
 thofe of London, ElTex, Middiefex, Col- 
 chefter, and St. Alban's. It is the of- 
 fice of thefe Archdeacons to vifit annual- 
 ly the feveral cures in their refpecftive 
 archdeaconries, in order to enquire into 
 the deportment of the feveral incumbents, 
 O 3 as 
 
igS A R C 
 
 as well as parilTi officers ; to advife them 
 gfavely to reform what is amifs, and m 
 cafe of contumacy to inflidt pains and 
 penalties, for which they receive procu- 
 ration from every parilli prieft within 
 their jurifdidlion. 
 
 Arches, an ecclefiaflical court in Doc- 
 tors Commons, formerly kept in Bow 
 church Cheaplide, where the church 
 and tower being arched, the court was 
 from thence called Ti)e Arches^ and ftiil 
 retains the name. As this is the higheffc 
 court belonging to the Archbi{hop of 
 Canterbury, hither all appeals in eccle- 
 fiailical matters within that province are 
 diredted. The judge of this court is 
 ftiled the Dean of the Arches ^ from his 
 having a jurifdicton over a Deanry in 
 London, confifting of 1 3 parifhes or pe- 
 culiars exempt from the Bifhop of Lon- 
 don's jurifdicStion. The other officers arc 
 a regifter, or examiner, an actuary, a 
 beadle or crier, and an apparitor ; be- 
 fides advocates, procurators, orprodlors. 
 See Doctors Commons. 
 
 Archer's alley y Peter ftreet, near Bifhopf- 
 gate ftreet.-f- 
 
 Archer ftreet^ Great Windmill ftreet. rj- 
 
 Ar-. 
 
A R M 
 
 Argyle buildings^ a new and very hand- 
 fome ftreet, regularly built, between 
 Oxford road and Marlborough ftreet ; 
 near the center is the Duke of Argyle's 
 houfe, a very plain edifice^ with a Ihiall 
 area, and a wall before it. 
 Argyle ftreet, gvtzt Marlborough ftreet. "f* 
 Arlington ftreet, runs parallel to the 
 upper end of St, James's ftreet, it having 
 Park Place on the fouth, and Portugal 
 ftreet on the north. It is magnificently 
 built. 
 
 Armourers, a company incorporated by 
 King Henry VL about the year 1423, 
 by the title of T'he Mafterand Wardens^ 
 Brothers and Stfiers of the fraternity cf or 
 guild <fSt. George, of the men of the my ft ey- 
 ries of the Armourers of the city ofLondo??-. 
 The famePrince alfo hon our d the company 
 by becoming one of their members. To 
 this company, v/hich formerly made coats 
 of mail, is united that of the brafiers, 
 who are jointly governed by a Maiter, 
 two Wardens, and 21 Afiiftants. Their 
 livery coniifts of eighty members, v^hofe 
 fine is 25I. 
 
 The armourers and brafiers hall is an 
 old plain brick building near the north- 
 caft corner of Coleman ftreet* 
 
 O 4 All- 
 
200 
 
 ART 
 
 Arnold's court, i Barbican. 2 New lane^ 
 
 Shad Thames.^ 
 Arnold's yard^ Barbican, Aldcrfgatc 
 
 ltreet.-|- 
 
 ArtiCx4oke alley, i Barnaby ftreet,"* 2, 
 Holiwell ftreet, Shoreditch.^ 
 
 Artichoke court, i Cannon ftreet, Wal- 
 brook,^' 2 Whitecrofs ftreet."* 
 
 Artichoke hilU RatclifF Highway.* 
 
 Artichoke lane, i Virginia ftreet.^ 2 Near 
 the Hermitage, Wapping.^ 3 Newington 
 Caufeway, Southwark.* 
 
 Artichoke head lane^ laear the Hermi- 
 tage,* 
 
 Artichoke jv^r^. i Shoreditch.^" 2 New- 
 ington Caufeway, South wark."* 
 
 Artillery Ground. The Old Artillery 
 Ground was a little north eaft of what is 
 now Devonfhire fquare in Bifhopfgatc 
 ftreet. This was originally a fpacious 
 field called TaiTel Clofe, from its being 
 planted with taffels for the ufe of the 
 , cloth workers. It was afterwards let to 
 the crofs-bow makers, who ufed to fhoot 
 there ; but being at length inciofed with 
 a brick wall, ferved as an artillery ground, 
 to which the gunners of the Tower re- 
 paired every Tharfday, when they level- 
 led brafs pieces of large artillery againft a 
 
 butt 
 
ART 
 
 2or 
 
 butt of earth railed for that purpofe. 
 The laft Prior of St. Mary Spital granted 
 to the gunners of the Tower this artil- 
 lery ground for thrice ninety nine years, 
 for the ufe and practice of great and 
 fmall artillery ; and King Henry VIIL 
 gave the company a charter. Hence this 
 artillery ground became fubjedl to the 
 Tower; the ftreets, &c. compofe one of 
 the Tower hamlets, and the inhabitants 
 are ftill fummoned on juries belonging to 
 the courts held on Tower hill. 
 
 In the year 1585, the city being put to 
 great trouble and expence by the con- 
 tinual mufters and training of foldiers, 
 fome brave and aftive citizens, who had^ 
 obtained experience both at home and 
 abroad, voluntarily exercifed themielves, 
 and trained up others in the ufe of arms, 
 fo that w^ithni two years there were al- 
 moft three hundred merchants, and 
 other perfons of diftindlion, qualified to 
 teach the common loidiers the manage- 
 ment of their guns, pikes, and halberts, 
 as well as to march and countermarch, 
 Thefe met every Thurfday, each perform 
 by turns bearing office from the cor-r 
 poral to the captain, and fome of thefe 
 gentlemen had the honour of having a 
 
 body 
 
02 
 
 ART 
 
 body of forces under their command at 
 tlie great camp of Tilbury, in the year 
 1588, when the Spaniards fent againft us 
 their pretended invincible Armada, and 
 thefe commanders were generally called 
 Captains of the Artillery Garden. 
 
 This noble exercife became afterwards 
 difcontinued for a long time, but was 
 renewed in the year 1 6 1 o, when feveral 
 gentlemen having obtained the permif- 
 lion of King James 1. undertook at their 
 private expence a weekly exercife in 
 the fame artillery ground, and in the 
 year 1662, eredled an armoury, in which 
 they placed 500 fets of arms, of extraor- 
 dinary beauty and workmanfhip. The 
 Artillery company now greatly increafed, 
 and the people reforted to the artillery 
 ground to learn to defend themfelves 
 and their country j and even many gen- 
 tlemen from every county went thither 
 to learn martial e^^ercifes, in order to 
 teach them to the militia^ in the diftant 
 parts of the kingdom. 
 
 At length this company being fo much 
 increafed that this artillery ground was 
 fcarcely able to contain them, fpr they 
 amounted to about 6000 : they removed 
 to the New Artillery Ground near the 
 
 upper 
 
ART 
 
 203 
 
 upper end of Moorfields, where they 
 ftill continue to affemble. 
 
 King Charles 11. when Prince of Wales 
 enlifted himfelf into this company, 
 as did his brother James Duke of York, 
 at the fame time ; who after the reftora- 
 tion took upon himfelf the command, 
 and named it his own company. 
 
 The Artillery company confifts of 
 about 300 men. It is governed by a 
 Prelident, Vice-prelident, Treafurer and 
 Court of Affiftants. The Lord Mayor, 
 Aldermen and SherilTs for the time be-^ 
 ing, &c. with the Field Officers of the 
 militia or trained bands, are of the ho- 
 norary court, thefe with 24 gentlemen 
 annually eledled, compofe the court of 
 Affiftants. His Majefty is Captain-- 
 General, and all the other officers are 
 eledted annually, and ferve by rotation. 
 
 The New Artillery Ground is a fpa- 
 cious fquare walled round. In the cen- 
 ter of the north fide is the Armoury, a 
 neat building of brick and ftone ftrength- 
 ened with ruftic quoins at the corners ; 
 before it is a flight* of fteps, and there 
 are a few others at the door, which is 
 in the center, and is large, lofty, and 
 adorned with a porch formed by two 
 
 Tufcaa 
 
204 
 
 ART 
 
 i 
 
 Tufcan columns and two pilaflcrs llip- 
 porting a balcony. The front is orna- 
 mented with a pediment fupported at 
 the corners by quoins. On the top arc 
 placed feveral iarge balls, and on the 
 apex of the pediment is a lofty flag ftaff. 
 On each fide the main building, flands 
 at fome diftance backwards a fmall edi- 
 fice, where the provifions are drefs'd at 
 the company's feails. The hall of the 
 armoury is hung round with breaft- 
 plates, helmets and drums ; and front- 
 ing the entrance is a handfome pair of 
 iron gates which lead to a fpacious flair- 
 cafe, painted with military ornaments, 
 and adorned with the flatue of a man 
 dreffed in a compleat fuit of armour. 
 This ftaircafe leads into a very fpacious 
 room, whicli has the King s arms over 
 one fire place, and thofe of the com- 
 pany over the other. It has two chan- 
 deliers, and is adorned with very fine 
 guns, fwords and bayonets, prefented 
 by the officers of the company, and 
 handfomely difpofed on the walls. There 
 are here alfo tables hung up, containing 
 the names of the fubfcribers to the iron 
 gates and other ornaments, among whom 
 is King George L who gave 500/. Be- 
 
 fides 
 
ART 
 
 205 
 
 fides the rooms already mentioned, there 
 are two others above, and two below. 
 Artillery court y Prince's row, Finfbury, 
 fo called from the artillery ground near 
 it. 
 
 Artillery lane, i Bifhopfgate ftreet with- 
 out, thus named from its being built on 
 the Old Artillery ground. 2 Fair ftreet, 
 Horfley down. 
 
 Artillery Jlreefy near Bifhopfgate with- 
 out, Spitalfields. It had alfo its name 
 from its being built on the old artillery 
 ground there. 
 
 Society for the encouragement of Arts, 
 Manufactures^;^^Commerce. The 
 public fpirit of this age is perhaps in no 
 inftance more remarkably ihewn than in 
 the flourifhing condition of this va- 
 luable Society, whofe fole objecS is the 
 improvement of the polite and commer- 
 cial arts in all their various branches, by 
 exciting induftry and emulation amongft 
 all who can be moved either by honora- 
 ry or pecuniary rewards. ]t was fet on 
 foot by Lord Folkftone, Lord Romney, 
 Dr. Hales, and feven or eight private 
 gentlemen, who were brought together 
 by the unwearied pains of Mr. V/illiam 
 Shipley, a perfon little known, who had 
 
 long 
 
2o6 
 
 ART 
 
 long laboured to reduce into pradtice a 
 fcheme he had projeftedfor this purpofe. 
 Their firft meeting was at RathmilFs 
 cofFee-houfe, March' 2 2d 1754, when 
 thofe noble Lords approved and patroniz- 
 ed the undertaking. At their next meet- 
 ing they determined to make a beginning, 
 by propofing rewards for the difcovery of 
 cobalt, for the encouragement of boys and 
 girls in the art of drawing, (thereby to im- 
 prove manufactures intafteand elegance,) 
 and for the planting of madder in this 
 kingdom. And now money being want- 
 ed, a voluntary fubfcription was begun, 
 to which the two noblemen before nam- 
 ed, did not only generoufly contribute 
 much more than they would let appear, 
 but engaged moreover to make good the 
 deficiencies at the end of the year : a pro- 
 mife they mofl honourably f jlfiiled. Soon 
 after this, a plan was drawn up by one of 
 the members (Mr. Baker) for forming, re- 
 gulating and governing the Society, which 
 being printed and difperfed, the great utility 
 of fuch a fociety became fo well under- 
 ftood, that immediately feveral noblemen 
 and gentlemen offered themfelves as 
 members, and ever lince that time its 
 increafe has been fo extraordinary, that it 
 
 confills 
 
 2 
 
ART 
 
 207 
 
 confifts at prefent of above 1 000 mem- 
 bers, many of whom are of the greateft 
 quality and fortune : and it can now af- 
 ford to offer premiums to the amount of 
 near 2000I. per annum. 
 
 The officers of this Society are a Prefi- 
 dent^eight Vice-preiidents, a Regifler^and 
 a Secretary; and thefe are to be chofen by 
 ballot annually on the firfl: Tuefday in 
 March. Every perfon defiring to be a mem- 
 ber of this Society, muft be propofed by 
 fome member of the fame at one of their 
 meetings, by delivering in the name, 
 addi tion, and place of abode of fuch per- 
 fon, iigned by himfelf ; which muft be 
 read by the Secretary, and balloted for 
 at the next meeting, and if two thirds of 
 the members then prefent are for admit- 
 ting fuch perfon, he fhall be deemed a 
 perpetual member on payment of tv/enty 
 guineas, or a fubfcribing member on 
 payment of any fum not lefs than two 
 guineas, and continuing fuch payment 
 annually : but tlio' two guineas a year is the 
 moft common fubfcription, all the mem- 
 bers that are noblemen, and even fome 
 gentlemen, fubfcribe five guineas, and fe- 
 veral others four or three. There are alfo la- 
 dies that are fubfcribers ; eminent foreigners 
 
 are 
 
^o8 ART 
 
 are likewife idmitted to be hon6rary 
 members.' At iirft they had a Treafurer, 
 but now their money is placed in the 
 Bank of England, in the names of the Pre- 
 iident and Vice-prefidents> three whereof 
 are impowered to draw any fum the So- 
 ciety fhall order to be paid. And the 
 accounts of the receipts and payments are 
 conftantly examined and balanced on the 
 laft day of every month, by a committee 
 appointed for that purpofe* Their pro- 
 ceedings are regulated by a body of rules 
 and orders eftablifhed by thewholeSociety, 
 and printed for theufe of the members. All 
 queftions and debates are determined by 
 holding up of hands, or by ballot if re- 
 quired, and no matter can be confirmed 
 without the aflent of a majority at two 
 meetings. They invite all the world to 
 propofe fubjedls for encouragement, and 
 whatever is deemed deferving attention is 
 referred to the confideration of a com- 
 mittee, which after due enqiiir}^ and de- 
 liberation make their report to the whole 
 Society, where it is approved, rejeded or 
 altered. A lift is printed and publifhed 
 every year, of the matters for which they 
 propofe to give premiums, which pre- 
 miums are either funis of money, and 
 
 thofe 
 
A R t 
 
 209 
 
 tKofe fometimes very confiderable ones^ 
 or the Society's medal in gold or filver^j^ 
 which they coniider as the greateft honour 
 they can beftow. AU^ poffible care is 
 taken to prevent partiality in the diftri- 
 bution of their premiunis, by defiring 
 the claimants names may be concealed, 
 and by appointing committees, (who 
 when they find occafion call to their ai^- 
 fiftance the moft Ikilful artifts) for the 
 ftrid: examination of the real merit of all 
 matters and things brought tefore them, 
 in confequerice of their premiums. 
 
 The Society's office isoppofite to Beau- 
 fort Buildings in the Strand : their 
 meetings are every Wednefday evening 
 at fix o'clock, from the fecond Wednef- 
 
 * The weight of the Society's medal In gold is 
 about fix guineas, and pfoportionably in filver. On 
 one fide Minerva, as Goddefs of Wifdom, is repre- 
 fented introducing Mercury with a purfe in his hand, 
 as the God of commercial arts, to Britannia fitting 
 on a globe : the infcription in the Circle, arts, and,, 
 COMMERCE. PROMOTED, at the Bottom, society. 
 INST. LONDON. MDCCLiiiT. on the reverfe is only 
 a wreath of laurel, the reft being left blank, that the 
 name of the perfon to whom, and the occafion for 
 which each medal is given, may be engraved thereon. 
 The dye was made by Mr. Plngo, and is tliought 
 to be well done- 
 
 Voi. 1. P 4av' 
 
210 
 
 A R U 
 
 . day in November to the laft Wednefday 
 in May, and at other times on the 
 firft and thirdWednefday of every month* 
 They are exceedingly well attended, and 
 'tis pleafing to behold v^ith how laudable 
 a zeal every one endeavours to promote 
 the public good, by encouraging whatever 
 may improve the arts and manufadtures, 
 or increafe the commerce of this king-- 
 dom and its colonies. They are not in- 
 corporated, nor feem much to want a 
 charter, as their bulinefs can be carried 
 on very well without one, and the ex- 
 pence would be too conlidcrable ; but it 
 is hoped their generous dilinterefted 
 intentions, and their extenfive views to 
 promote the trade, the riches and ho- 
 nour of tl^eir country, will in time recom- 
 mend them to partake the royal bounty,, 
 and that they will long continue to 
 prove themfelves to be, what they are at 
 prefent, as reipedtable and ufeful a fociety 
 as ever was eftablifhed in any natiom 
 Arundel jiairsj Arundel ftreet.-f- 
 Arundel Jlreet, Strand, fo called from 
 
 Lord Arundel's houfe there. 
 Arundelian Library. SeeRoYAx So- 
 cle tYo^ 
 
 As-HEN^-' 
 
ASK ill 
 
 AsHENTREE courf. I. White Friafs. 
 Shorcditch. 
 
 AsHFORD^a village near S tains inMiddlefex^ 
 adorned with the feats of rhe Earl of 
 Kinoul, and the Duke of Argyle- 
 
 Ash TED, a village in Surry, near Epfom 
 Wells, in one of the fineft fituations in 
 England, was lately in the poffeflion of 
 Sir Robert Howard, brother to the Earl 
 of Berkfhire, who eredted a noble edifice 
 in this place> which he enclofed with a 
 park. This afterwards became the eftate 
 and feat of Mr. Fielding, lincle to the 
 late Earl of Denbigh. Thechurch,which 
 ftarids on the fide of the park, has feve- 
 ral fine monuments. 
 
 Aske's Hospital, a handfome edifice at 
 Hoxton, erefted by the Haberdafher s 
 company in the year 1692, purfuant to' 
 the will of Robert Afke, Efq; who 
 left 30,000]. for building and endowing 
 it, in order to afford lodging and board 
 for twenty poor men of that company, 
 and for as many boys to be inil:rud:ed in 
 reading, writing, and arithmetic. Each 
 of the penfioners hath an apartment cort- 
 filling of three neat rooms, with proper 
 ^iet at a common table, and $ring ; the 
 P 2 jinnuai 
 
212 
 
 ASK 
 
 annual fum of 3I. and a gown every 
 fecond year : which, together with the 
 falaries of the chaplain, clerk, butler, 
 porter, and other domeftics, amount to 
 about 800I. per annum. 
 
 A plan of the building was drawn by 
 Dr. Hook, a learned mathematician of 
 Orefham College, and upon his model it 
 w^as eredled in an advantageous fituation, 
 fronting the eaft, with grafs plats before 
 it, adorned with rows of lime trees, and 
 inclofed with a handfome wall and iron 
 gates. On the piers of the great gates at 
 the fouth end, are two ftone ftatues, re- 
 prefenting two of Afke's Hofpital men, 
 in full proportion. The principal part 
 of the building is only one ftory high 
 with garrets ; where a portico with 
 twenty-one ftone pillars extends on a 
 line on each fide of the chapel, which is 
 placed in the middle, and on each fide 
 above thefe pillars is a range of twenty- 
 two very fmall windows. The pillars of 
 the chapel extend to the top of the firft 
 ftory, and that edifice rifing confider- 
 ably above the reft of the building, is 
 terminated by a handfome pediment ; 
 with a clock, under which is the effigies 
 
ASK 
 
 of the founder in &one, cloathed in 
 his gown, and holding in his hand a 
 roll of parchment, which feenas to be 
 his laft will. Under him is the follow- 
 ing infcription : 
 
 Roberto Aske Armigero^ hujus Hof- 
 pitii Fundatora^ Socie. Haberda. B. M. 
 
 P. a. 
 
 And on one fide of him is this infcrijition : 
 
 Anno Chrijii MDCLXXXIL Societas 
 Haberdajheorum de London hoc Hofpi-. 
 tium condiderunti ex he gat o & T^eji amenta 
 RoBERTi Aske Armigeriy ejujdem So- 
 cietatis ; ad viginti Senum Alimenta^ C? 
 totidem Puerorimi Educationem. 
 
 On the other fide this infcription : 
 
 ^he worpripful Company of Haberdajhers 
 built this Hofpitaly purfuant to the gift 
 and truji of R. Aske, Efq\ a late 
 "worthy Me?nber of ity for the relief of 
 twenty poor Members y and for the Edu- 
 cation of twenty Boy Syfons of decayed Free- 
 men of that company. 
 
 P 3 Fro»t- 
 
$14 A S Y 
 
 Fronting the entrance of the chapel 
 a large pair of very handfome iron gates^^ 
 and at each end of the hofpital is an 
 edifice of the fame height as the chapeL 
 
 Ass park, Wheeler ftreet, Spitalfields. 
 
 Assurance Office, for granting annuir 
 ties to be paid to the heirs of a perfon 
 after his death. See Amicable So- 
 ciety. For the offices of AlTurance 
 from fire. See. fee the names by which 
 they are diftinguifhed, as Hand in 
 Hand, London, Union^ Sun Firs 
 
 OFFICE, &c. 
 Asylum, or Houfe of Refuge for Or- 
 phans and other deferted girls of the 
 poor, within the bills of mortality, fitu- 
 ated near Weftminfter-bridge, on the 
 the Surry fide. Underneath the article 
 Magdalen Hospital, the reader will 
 find a noble foundation formed for the 
 reception of thofe unhappy women, who 
 Jiave been abandoned to vice; but wife- 
 ly repenting of their folly, refolve to 
 reform. This charitable foundation of 
 which we are now going to give a de« 
 fcription, was founded at the fame time, 
 ia order to preferve poor friendlefs and 
 deferted girls, from the miferies and 
 
 dangers 
 
A S Y 
 
 21 C 
 
 ckngersto which they would be expofed, 
 and from the guilt of proftitution. 
 
 The evils this charity is intended to 
 prevent, are not chimerical, but found- 
 ed on fa£ts. It too often happens, that 
 by the death of the father, a mother in-- 
 titled to no relief from any parifli, is 
 left with feveral helplefs children, to be 
 fupplied from her induftry ; her relburce 
 for fubliftence is ufually to fome low oc- 
 cupation, fcarcely fufficient to afford 
 bread and cloathing, and rarely the 
 means of inftrudion. What then muft 
 become of the daughters of fuch parents, 
 poor and illiterate as they are, and 
 thereby expofed to every temptation ? 
 Neeeffity may make them proftitutes, 
 even before their paffions can have any 
 fhare in their guilt. Among thefe un- 
 happy objcdls, very agreeable features 
 are frequently feen difguifed amidft dirt 
 and rags, and this ftill expofes them to 
 greater hazards ; for thefe are the girls 
 which the vile procurefs feeks after ; 
 fhe trepans them to her brothel, even 
 while they are yet children, and flie 
 cleans and dreffes them up for proftitu- 
 tion. But what is ftill more- dreadful, 
 P 4 matex- 
 
ti6 A S Y 
 
 maternal duty and affecfllon have beeii 
 fo thoroughly obliterated, that even mo- 
 thers themfelves have been the feducers : 
 they have infnared their children to the 
 houfe of the procurefs, and fhared with 
 her the infamous gain of initiating their 
 daughters in lev^dnefs : or if this has not 
 been the cafe, they have too often been 
 prevailed on, for a trifling confidcration, 
 to conceal and forgive the crime of the 
 infamous bawd. 
 
 Thefe and other confiderations indu- 
 ced a number of Noblemen and Gentle- 
 men, who had approved of a propofal 
 from John Fielding, Efq; one of the 
 Juftices for the Liberties of Weilminfter, 
 to hold their firft meeting ori the loth 
 of May 1758, for carrying into execu- 
 tion a plan of this Afylum, Several 
 other meetings were foon after held, in 
 which the rules and orders for the re- 
 ception and management of the chil- 
 dren were eftablifhed, and the leafe of 
 a houfe, lately the Hercules Inn near 
 Weftminfter-bridge, agreed for. This 
 houfe was foon fitted up, and furnifhed, 
 and the firft children admitted on the 
 5th of July following. 
 
 The 
 
A S Y 217 
 
 The rules and orders eftablifhed are 
 as follows : . . 
 
 L The qualification of a perpetual 
 Guardian is a benefaction of thirty guineas 
 or upwards, at one payment. 
 
 II. That of an annual Guardian is a 
 fubfcription of three guineas or upwards 
 per annum. 
 
 III. Ladies fubfcribihg the faid fums, 
 will be confidered as Guardians of this 
 charity, and have a right of voting at all 
 general eledlions, by proxy, fuch proxy 
 being a Guardian, or they may fend a 
 letter to the board, naming therein the 
 perfon they vote for, which fliall be con- 
 lidered as their vote. It is efteemed by 
 the Guardians a benefit to the charity, 
 for the Ladies occafiona^lly to vifit the 
 houfe, and infpedt the management of 
 the children ; the matron being ordered 
 to attend fuch Ladies, and to give them 
 all necefiary information : and, what- 
 ever obfervations they may then make, 
 or v/hatever hints, at other times, may 
 occur to them, for the good of the cha- 
 rity, if they will be pleafed to tranfmit 
 them by letter to the Secretary, or to 
 the Committee, who meet every Wed- 
 ncidzy in the forenoon at the Afylum, 
 
 they 
 
2l8 
 
 A S Y 
 
 they will be immediately taken into 
 confideration, and have all refpedful re^ 
 gard Ihewn to them. 
 
 IV. Thofe Gentlemen and Ladies, 
 who have already fubfcribed lefler fum$ 
 than thirty guineas, by making up their 
 fubfcriptions to that fum, within a year^ 
 will be entered in the fubfcription book 
 as perpenial Guardians. 
 
 V. There is to be an annual general 
 meeting of the Guardians on the feeoBd 
 Wednefday in March. 
 
 VI. A general quarterly meeting is to 
 be held on the fecond Wednefday in 
 July, the fecond Wednefday in January, 
 the fecond Wednefday in April, and the 
 fecond Wednefday in Odlober, for au- 
 diting the accounts, and making laws 
 and rules for the government of the 
 charity, and for other bufinefs. 
 
 VII. A Committee is appointed, to 
 confift of thirty Guardians, who are to 
 meet every Wednefday at eleven o'clock 
 in the forenoon at the Afylum, to tran- 
 fad: the bulinefs of the charity ; and they 
 are, from time to time, to report their 
 proceedings to the following general 
 court, and any three of the faid gentle- 
 man conftitute a quorum. In thefe 
 
 Com- 
 
A S V 21^ 
 
 Committees are a Prefident, Vice-prefi- 
 dent, anji a Treafurer. 
 
 VIIL The officers and fervants of tJiQ 
 houfe, are a Phyfician, two Surgeons, 
 an Apothecary and a Chaplain. 
 
 A Secretary, who keeps the accounts 
 of the holpital, and does all fuch other 
 bufinefs as is commonly done by Secre- 
 taries, Clerks, and Regifters, at other 
 charities. 
 
 A Matron, who fuperin tends the af- 
 fairs of the houfe, takes care of the pro- 
 vilions and furniture, delivers an accounfi 
 pf the current expences weekly to the 
 Secretary, to be laid before the Com- 
 mittee. She is to fee that the children 
 are properly employed, that they are at- 
 tentive to their learning, and that they * 
 behave with decency ; that the teachers 
 do their duty, and that they treat the 
 children with humanity. The fervants 
 under her, are teachers of reading, knit- 
 ting, fev/ing, &c. a cook, a lioufe-maid-^ 
 and a fervant man, 
 
 IX. The objeils to be admitted are 
 Orphans, the daughters of neceffitous 
 parents, refiding in parifhes where they 
 have no relief, and deferted girls within 
 the bills of rnortality, from eight to 
 
 twelve 
 
220 
 
 A S Y 
 
 twelve years of age; but infirm chil- 
 dren are not admitted, as the objedts of 
 this charity are to be conftantly em- 
 ployed in every branch of good houfe- 
 wifry. 
 
 X. Each obje6l applying for admif- 
 lion, mufl: produce fuch certificate of 
 her age and neceffity, as fhall be fatif- 
 factory to the Guardians then prefent ; 
 and in all cafes, wherein, during the in- 
 fancy of this Afylum, more objedls fhall 
 apply for admiffion than the Afylum 
 can at once receive, the names of the 
 cbjedts not admitted are entered in a 
 book kept for that purpofe, and a no- 
 tice is fent to the perfons, fignifying the 
 certificate of each' child, of the firft op- 
 portunity of taking in fuch children 
 that fhall happen afterwards ; in filling 
 up all which, the children, before re- 
 fufed, have the preference as they ftand 
 upon the entry : each of the above cer- 
 tificates muffc be figned by two fubftan- 
 tial houfekeepers, of the parifh where 
 the objed: refides. 
 
 XI. The children are regularly and 
 alternately employed in reading, knit- 
 ting, fewing, and in the bufinefs of the 
 kitchen, to which latter employn>ejit 
 
 four 
 
A U D 221 
 
 four are appointed weekly, to be with 
 the cook, to affift her, and to receive 
 from her the neceflary inftruftiona in 
 plain cookery, curing provifions, and 
 other employments of the kitchen. They 
 likewife make the beds, clean the rooms, 
 affift in wafhing, and ironing the lin-- 
 nen, and in other houfhold bufinefs, ac- 
 cording to their refpeftive ages and a- 
 biUties, at the difcretion of the matron. 
 
 XILThe Chaplain on Sundays preaches, 
 and performs the other parts of divine 
 fervice, and catechifes the children. 
 Prayers alfo are read on the other days 
 of the week, by the matron or teacher ; 
 and fome portion of fcripture is read by 
 thofe of the children who are beft able. 
 They have alfo, each of them, a com- 
 mon prayer book, and the new tefta- 
 ment ; and other good books are like- 
 wife provided for them. 
 
 The number of children in the houfe 
 in April 1759, were forty-two, and 
 the fums raifed for the fupport of this 
 charitable foundation, at the fame time, 
 amounted to 2032I. 4s. gd. 
 Audley's rents, Whitecrofs ftreet.-f 
 AuDLEY Jireety Grofvenor fquare.-j- 
 
 ^ /lve- 
 
A U C 
 
 4tvE-MARY lan€y Ludgate ftreet. See 
 Pater-noster Row. 
 
 Avj:ry farm^ Chelfea. 
 
 Avery rowy by May-fair. 
 
 Augmentation Office in Dean's yard^ 
 Weflminfter. This office belongs to a 
 corporation, eftabliflied by an ad: paf- 
 fed in the fecojid and third years of the 
 reign of Queen Anne, for the better 
 m,aintenance of the poor Clergy, by the 
 augmentation of fnxall livings. This 
 body corporate confifts of the Lords of 
 the Privy Council, the Lords Lieuten- 
 ants and Cuftos Rotulorum, the Arch- 
 bifliops, Bilhops, and Deans of cathe- 
 drals, the Judges, tlie King s Serjeants 
 at lav^, the Attorney, Sollicitor, and 
 Advocate General, the Chancellors and 
 Vice- Chancellors of the Uni verities, the 
 
 , Lord Mayor an^d Aldermen of London, 
 and the Mayors of all other cities w^ith- 
 in the kingdom i feven of whom may 
 compofe a court, provided three of that 
 number be a Privy Counfellor^ a Bi£hop, 
 a Judge, or one of the King $ Council, 
 and this court may appoint committees 
 of Governors, and mveft them with fucb 
 powers as they think pjQper. 
 
 The^ 
 
A U S 
 
 223 
 
 The bufinefs of the Governors is to 
 find out the value of every benefice un- 
 der 80 1 a Year, w^ith the diftance of 
 each from London, &c. and to lay the 
 ftate thereof before his Majefty, with 
 the value of the tenths, firft-fruits, &c, 
 in order that the royal bounty may be 
 applied to fupport thofe of the clergy;^ 
 who are in the greateft diilrefs : and thk 
 corporation has actually augmented a 
 great number of fmall livings. 
 Austin Friars, near Broad ftreet, was 
 a priory founded for the Friars EremiteS:, 
 of the order of St. Auguftine, in the 
 year 1253, by Humphrey Bohun, Earl 
 of Hereford and Effex, The Friars 
 of this priory were Mendicants, and 
 continued in the poffeffion of this place 
 till its difTolution by King Henry VIIL 
 fince which time the greateft part has been 
 pulled down, and many handfome houfes 
 built; but a part of the old church be- 
 longing to the priory is ftill ftmiding. 
 King Edward VI. granted all the churchy 
 except the choir, to a congregation of 
 GermanS:> and other ftrangers, vvho fled 
 hither for the fake of religion, ordering 
 it to be called ibe ±^e?np/e of the Lord 
 Jefus^ and feveral fucceffive Princes have 
 
 CQ^Q-' 
 
224 
 
 A U S 
 
 confirmed it to the Dutch, by whom it 
 is ftill ufed as a place of divine worfhip* 
 It is a large and fpacious Gothic edifice, 
 fupported by two rows of ftone pillars. 
 At the eaft end are feveral fteps, which 
 lead to a large platform, on which is 
 placed a long table with feats againft the 
 wall, and forms round, for the ufe of 
 the Holy Communion, and the windows 
 on one fide have painted on them in fe- 
 veral places, the words Jesus Temple. 
 On the weft end over the fcreen is a 
 library, thus infcribed, Ecckfice Londi- 
 no-Belgkce Bibliofheca^ extru6ia fumpti- 
 bus Mariae Dubois 1659. It contains 
 feveral valuable manufcripts, among 
 which are the letters of Calvin, Peter 
 Martyr, and other foreign reformers. 
 &\ Austin's Churchy at the nor th- weft 
 corner of Watling ftreet, in the ward of 
 Faringdon within, was dedicated to St. 
 Auftin the monk, the Englifh Apoft'le. 
 The old church having fuffered in the 
 dreadful conflagration in 1666, has been 
 rebuilt, and the parifti of St. Faith uni- 
 ted to it. It is a redtory, and the ad- 
 vowfon is in the Dean and Chapter of St* 
 Paul's. The Redlor receives 172 1. per 
 annum in lieu of tithes. 
 
 Austin 
 
BAG 225 
 
 Austin Jireet, in Caftle ftreet, near Shore- 
 ditch ^ 
 
 Ax alley, Leadenhall ftreet.'^ 
 Ax yard. 1 King's ftreet, Weftminfter.^ 2 
 Norfolk flreet in the Strand.^ 3 Little 
 Britain.* 4 Blackman ftreet.* 5 King's 
 ftreet, Blackman flreet.* 
 Ax AND BoTTLEyardy St. Margaret's hill.* 
 Ayloffe ftreety Goodman's Fields.-j- 
 Ayre's Almshouse, in White's alley, 
 Coleman ftreet, was founded by IVIr. 
 Ghriftopher Ay re. Merchant, for fix 
 poor men and their wives, who com- 
 mitted it to the care of the Leather-fel- 
 lers company, who annually pay each 
 couple 4 L 
 
 BAB's alley y Mint ftreet, Southwark.-f* 
 Bab's maysy or me%vsy Jermain ftreet.-f 
 Back alley. 1. Back hill, Hatton waiL§ 
 2. Back hill. South vvark.§ 3. Bear al- 
 ley. Fleet ditch. § 4 Bowling alley, 
 Weftminfter.§ 5 Bridge yard, Tooley 
 ftreet. § 6 St. Gatharine's lane.§ 7 
 Ghurch lane, Tooley ftreet. § 8 Ghurch 
 lane, Whitechapel.§ 9 Ghurchyard al- 
 ley, Tooley ftreet. § i o Cloth fair. Weft 
 Vol. L Q_ Smithfield. 
 
226 
 
 BAG 
 
 Smitlifield.§ 1 1 Crown court. King's 
 flreet, Tooley ftreet.§ 12 Eaft lane, 
 Rotherhith.§ 1 3 Great garden, St, Ca- 
 tharine's lane.§ 14 Green bank, Wap- 
 ping.§ 15 March ftreet, Wapping.§ 
 1 6 St. Martin's le Grand.§ 1 7Mill ftreetj 
 18 Playhoufe yard, Whitecrofs ftreet, 
 Cripplegate.§ 19 Three Foxes court. 
 Long lane. Weft Smithfield.§ 
 
 Back courts Symond's Inn, Chancery lane. 
 
 "Back. hilL i Hatton walL§ 2 Southwark§. 
 
 Back la7ie. i Bethnal green. § 2 Elephant 
 lane, Rotherhith.§ 3 Hackney, § 4 If- 
 lington.§ 5 Lambeth Butts.^" 6 Lambeth 
 marjQi.§ 7 Near Rag fair, Rofemary 
 lane.§ 8Near SunTavern fields. § 9 Three 
 Hammer alley, Tooley ftreet.§ 
 
 Back Round court in the Strand.§ 
 
 Back fide, i St. Clement's in the Strand. § 
 2 Middle Shadwell.§ 
 
 Back Jlreet^ i- Cloth fair.§ 2 Horfley 
 down.§ 3 Lambeth. § 4 St. Clement s 
 Danes. § 5 Old ftreet fquare.§ 
 
 Back Street School, at Lambeth, was 
 founded by Archbifliop Tenifon, about 
 the year 1704, for the education of poor 
 girls, Vv^ho are cloathed and taught : 
 they are at prefent twenty; but their 
 number is to be increafed according to 
 the imorovement of the eftate. Maitland.. 
 
 Back 
 
BAG 
 
 227 
 
 Back wajy near Shepherd's Market, Cur- 
 zon ftreet.§ 
 
 ^KC"^ yard, i Angel alley. Little Moor- 
 .iields.§ 2 Bell alley, Coleman ftreet, 
 Lothbury.§ 3 Brick lane. Old fl:reet.§ 4 
 Bullhead court, Jewin llreet.§ 5 Great 
 Garden, St. Catharine's. § 6 Little Bar- 
 tholomew clofe.§ 7 Marigold lane.§ 8 
 Newcaftle f!:reet.§ 9 Nightingale lane.§ 
 10. Old Gravel lane. § 11 PeHcan courts 
 Little Britain. § 1 2 Peter lane, St. John's 
 ll:reet.§ 13 Pickleherring flreet. 14 
 Redcrofs alley, Jewin ftreet.§ 15 Rich- 
 raond fl:reet.§ 16 Ropemaker's fields, 
 Limehoufe.§ 17 Rotherhith wall.§ 18 
 Rupert ftreet.§ 19 Salpetre bank^. 
 20 Shakefpear's walk.§ 21 Shipwright 
 ftreet, Rotherhith. § 22 Short's ftreet.§ 
 23 Silver ftreet, Tooley fl:reet.§ 24 St* 
 Margaret's hill.§ 25 St. Saviour's Dock 
 head.§ 26 Stamford buildings. § 27 Star 
 ftreet, Wapping walL§ 28 Sun alleys 
 Golden lane.§ 29. Swan alley. Golden 
 lane. 30 Three Colt flreet. § 31 Tooley 
 ftreet.§ 32 Turnmill flreet, Cowcrofs.§ 
 33 Vineyard. § 34 Upper Ground il:reet.§ 
 35 Upper ¥/eil alley, Wapping. § 36 
 Wentworth flreet. § 37 White's yard, 
 Rofemary lane.§ 38 Woolpack alley, 
 Houndfditch.§ 
 
 Back 
 
B I A 
 
 Back Cloister j/^r^, Weftmmftcr.§ 
 Back Brook Jlreety David ftreet, by Grof- 
 
 venor fquare. 
 Bacon alley ^ Woolpack alley. Shore- 
 ditch, 
 
 Bacon y?r^t'/. i. Brick lane, Spitalfields.* 
 2 Club row, Spitalfields. 
 
 Badger's ^/Z^S Shoreditch.-f- 
 
 Badger's Almjhoufey at Hoxton, was found- 
 ed by Mrs. Allen Badger, in the year 
 169^', for fix poor men and their v/ives, 
 who are only allowed twenty fhillings a 
 year each couple. 
 
 Badger's rents^ St. John's paflage, St* 
 John's ftreet.-f- 
 
 Bag and Bottle alley ^ Old ftrect.^ 
 
 Bag and Bottle yard. Old ftreet.^ 
 
 Bagnel's rents, Denmark ftreet.^f- 
 
 Bagnio court, Newgate ftreet, thus named 
 from the Bagnio there. 
 
 Bagnio lane, leading into Bagnio court, 
 Newgate flreet. 
 
 BagsHxIw's re?2tSy Portpool lane. Leather 
 lane.-f- 
 
 Bailey's alley, in the Strand.^f* 
 Bailey's court, i Bell yard. Fleet ftreet.'f- 
 
 2 Cock hill.'f 3 Fafhion ftreet.^ 4 Sheer 
 
 lane.'l' 5 In the Strand.^f- 
 Bailey's place, Little Tower hill.-|- 
 
 Bailey's 
 
B A K 
 
 229 
 
 Bailey's jj/^r^, Broadway, Weftminfter.-f 
 
 Bainu am's ftreefy Southwark.-j- 
 
 Bain's h7/. Upper Shad well ••f 
 
 Bakehouse court, Godalmin flreet. 
 
 Bakers, this company is very ancient, 
 though it does not appear to have been 
 incorporated till about the year 1307. 
 It is governed by a Mafter, four War- 
 dens, thirty Affiftants, and 195 Livery 
 men, whofe fine is lol. 
 
 Bakers Hall, a plain edifice in Ifart 
 lane. Tower flreet, and formerly the 
 dwelling houfe of John Chicheley, 
 Chamberlain of London. 
 
 Baker's alley, i Church lane. White- 
 chapel. -f- 2 Farmer s ftreet, Shadwell^^^j- 
 3 Gofwell jftreet.-f- 4 Hart ftreet.-f- 5 
 King's ftreet, Weftminfter.-j- 6 Monk- 
 well jftreet.-j- 7 St. John's ftreet.^f- 8 In 
 the Strand. 9 Stony lane.^ IQ Swallow 
 ftreet.-f- 
 
 Baker's Arms alhy, Rofemary lane."^ 
 Baker s ifuIMngs, Old Kethlem.-f- 
 BAKER's court, Halfmoon alley, Biiliopf- 
 
 gate fireet.-f- 
 Baker's pa//age, Jermain ftreet.-f* 
 Baker's row. i Cold Bath fields. -j* 2 
 
 Whitechapel.'f' 
 
 0^3 Baker's 
 
230 
 
 BAM 
 
 Baker's yard, i Tower hill. 2 Milford 
 lane. 
 
 Balaam's cou?^f, King David's Fort. 
 Baldwin s court. 1 Baldwin's gardens.-f* 
 
 2 White ftreet.* 3 Cloak lane, Dowgate 
 
 hilLf 
 
 Baldwin's gardensy Leather lane.^f- 
 
 BALDwiN'sJguarey Baldwin's gardens.-f* 
 
 BALDwiN'sy/r^^/, Old ftreet.*!- 
 
 Baldwin's j'^r^. i Baldwin's gardens, z 
 Narrow alley. Stone lane.'f' 
 
 Bale's court. Cow crofs, Smithfield.'f* 
 
 Ball a/ky. i Alderfgate ftreet.* 2 Cannon 
 jftreet."^ 3 Kingfland road.'^ 4 Lime ftreet, 
 - Eeadenhall ftreet.* 5 Lombard ftreet.^ 
 6 London Wall."^' 7 Long alley, Moor- 
 fields.*^ 8 St. Catharine's lane ;^ 9 Wheeler 
 ftreet, Spitalfields.^ 
 
 Ball court. 1 Giltfpur ftreet, without 
 Newgate.'^ 2 Mincing lane, Fenchurch 
 ftreet.* 3 Old Bailey.^ 4 Poor Jury lane, 
 within Aldgate,* 
 
 Ball yard, i Beech lane.'^ 2 Giltlpur 
 ftreef.* 3 Golden lane."^ 
 
 Ballast w&arf. I Cock hill, Ratcliff. 2 
 Lower Shad well. 
 
 BALsovER^r^^if/, Oxford ftreet.'f' 
 
 Bambury court, Long Acre.. 
 
 Baj^croft's 
 
'BAN 231 
 
 Bancroft's beautiful Almshoufe, School 
 and Chapel at Mile-end, were ere^sd by 
 the Drapers company in the year 1735, 
 purfuant to the will of Mr. Francis Ban- 
 croft, who bequeathed to that company 
 the fum of 28,000 L and upwards, in 
 real and perfonal eftates, for purchafmg a 
 fite, and building upon it an almshoufe, 
 with convenient apartments for twenty 
 four almfmen, a chapel, and fchool room 
 for 100 poor boys, and two dwelling- 
 houfes for the fchoolmafcers, and en- 
 dowing the fame. He alfo ordered that 
 each of the almfmen lliould have 81. and 
 half a chaldron of coals yearly, and a 
 gown of baize every third year ; that the 
 fchool boys Ihould be cloathed and 
 taught reading, writing and arithmetic ; 
 that each of the mafters, befides their 
 houfes, fhould have a falary of 3 oh per 
 aimtimy and the yearly fam of 20L for 
 coals and candles, for their ufe, and that 
 of the fchool ; with a fofficient allow- 
 ance for books, paper, pens and ink ; 
 that the committee of the court of a^f- 
 Hftants ftould have 5L for a dinner, at 
 their annual viiitation of the almshoufe 
 and fchool ; and that 3I. los. fhould be 
 given for two half yearly fermons to be 
 0^4 preached 
 
B A N 
 
 preached in the parilh churches of St. 
 Helen and St. Michael Cornhill, or elfe-^ 
 where, in commemoration of this foun- 
 dation, at which the almfmen and boys 
 were to bp prefent. To each of thefe 
 hoys, when put put apprentices, he gave 
 4I. but if they were put to fervice they 
 \vere tohave nomorethan 2I. los. to buy 
 them cloaths. 
 
 The edifice is not only neat but ex- 
 tremely elegant, coniiftingof two wings 
 and a center detached from both of them* 
 In the middle of the front is the chapel, 
 before which is a noble portico, with 
 Ionic columns, and coupled pilafters 
 at the corners, fupporting a pediment, 
 in the plane of which is the dial. 
 There is an afcent to the portico by a 
 flight of fteps, and over the chapel is a 
 handfome turret. On each fide of the 
 portico, are two houfes like thofe in the 
 wings. The confi:rud:ion of the wings 
 is uniform, lofty and convenient : twelve 
 floors in each open in a regular feries, 
 and the windows are of a moderate fize, 
 numerous, and proportioned to the a- 
 partments they are to enlighten. The 
 fquare is furrounded with gravel walks, 
 with a large grafs plat in the middle, 
 
 and 
 
BAN 
 
 and next the road the wall is adorned 
 with handfome iron rails and gates. In 
 fliort, the ends of the wings next the 
 road being placed at a confiderable dif- 
 tance from it, the whole is feen in a pro- 
 per point of view, and appears to the 
 greateil advantage. 
 
 It is worthy of remark, that this Ban- 
 croft, who left fo large a fum for ere(5l~ 
 ing and endov/ing this fine hofpital^ and 
 eve;i ordered two fermons to be annually 
 preached in commemoration of his cha- 
 rity, was, according to the laft edition 
 of Stow's Survey^ one of the Lord 
 Mayor's officers, and by informations 
 and fummoning the citizens before the 
 Lord Mayor, upon the moil trifling oc- 
 cafions, and other things not belonging 
 to his office, not only pillaged the poor 
 but alfo many of the rich, who rather 
 than lofe time in appearing before that 
 Magiftrate, gave money to get rid of this 
 common peft of the citizens, which, to- 
 gether with his numerous quarterages 
 from the brokers, &c- enabled him to 
 amafs annually a confiderable fum of 
 money. But by thefe and other mercen- 
 ary pradices, he fo incurred the hatred 
 and ill-will of the citizens of all ranks 
 
 and 
 
234 A N 
 
 and denominations, that the perfonswho 
 attended his funeral obfequies, with great 
 difficulty faved his corpfe from being 
 joftledofF the bearers fhouldefs in the 
 church, by the enraged populace, who 
 feizing the bells, rang them for joy at 
 his unlamented death. 
 
 Bandyleg alley^ Fleet ditch.fl 
 
 Bandyleg walk, i Maiden lane, near 
 Deadman's place.|j 2 Queen ftreet, in the 
 Park, South wark. II 
 
 Bane courts Cold Bath fquare. 
 
 Bangor court, i Shoe lane. aWhite flreet. 
 
 Bank of England. This is a noble 
 edifice, fituated at the eaft of St. 
 Chriftopher s church, near the weft end 
 of Threadneedle ftreet. The front next 
 the ftreet is about 80 feet in length, and 
 is of ^the Ionic order raifed on a ruftic 
 bafement, as is reprefented in the print, 
 and is in a good ftyle. Through this 
 you pafs into the court yard, in which 
 is the hall. This is of the Corinthian 
 order, and in the middle is a pediment. 
 The top of the building is adorned with 
 a baluftrade and handlbme vafes, and in 
 the face of the above pediment is en- 
 graved, in relievo, the Company's feal, 
 Britannia fitting with her ftiield and 
 
BAN 
 
 235 
 
 fpear, and at her feet a Cornucopia, 
 pouring out fruit. The hall, which is 
 in this laft building, is 79 feet in length, 
 and 40 in breadth ; it is wainfcoted 
 about eight feet high j has a fine fretwork 
 ceiling, and is adorned with the ftatue 
 of King William HI. which ftands in a 
 nich at the upper end j on the pedefial 
 of which is the following infcription : 
 
 Ob 
 
 Legibus vim, 
 Judiciis Auftoritatem, 
 Senatui Dignitatem^ 
 Civibus univerfis Jura fua. 
 Tarn Sacra, quam Civilia Reftituta, 
 Et illuftriffimas Domus Hannoverian^ 
 In Iniperium Britannicum Succeffione 
 Pofteris confirmata, 
 Optimo Principi, 
 
 GULIELMO TeRTIO, 
 
 Condi tori fuo, 
 Grato Animopofult, dicavitque 
 Hujus iErarii Societas, 
 A. C. MDCCXXXIV. harumque .Edluai L 
 
 In IBjJigliJh thus : 
 For reftoring efficacy to the Laws, 
 Authority to the Courts of Juflice, 
 
 Dignity 
 
236 
 
 BAN 
 
 Dignity to the Parliamciit, 
 To all his Subjefls their Religion and Liberties, 
 And confirming thefe to Pofterity, 
 By the fuccelEon of the illuftrious Houfe of Hanover 
 
 To the Britifli Throne, 
 To the beft of Princes, William the Third, 
 Founder of the Bank, 
 This Corporation, from a Senfe of Gratitude, 
 Has eredled this Statue, 
 And dedicated it to his Memory, 
 In the Year of our Lord MDCCXXXIV. 
 And the firft Year of this Building. 
 
 Farther backward is another qua- 
 drangle, with an arcade on the eaft and 
 weft fides of it ; and on the north fide 
 is the accomptant's office, which is 60 
 feet long, and 28 feet broad. Over 
 this, and the other fides of the qua- 
 drangle, are handjfbme apartments, with 
 a fine ftaircafe adorned with fretwork, 
 and under it are large vaults, that have 
 ftrong walls and iron gates, for the pre- 
 fervation of the cafh. The back en- 
 trance from Bartholomew lane is by a 
 grand gateway, which opens into a com- 
 iiiodious and fpacious court yard for 
 coaches, or waggons, that frequently 
 come loaded with gold and filver bul- 
 
BAN 
 
 ^37 
 
 lion ; and in the room fi'onting the gate 
 the transfer office is kept. 
 
 The Bank was eftablifhed by ad: of 
 Parhament in the year 1693, under the 
 title of T&e Governor and Company of the 
 Bank of England, in confideration of a 
 loan of i,200,oool. granted to the go- 
 vernment, for v/hich the fubfcribers re- 
 ceived eight per cent. By this charter, 
 the Company are not to borrow under 
 their common feal, unlefs by ad: of par- 
 liament 5 they are not to trade, or fuifer 
 any perfon in truft for them to trade in 
 goods or merchandize ; but may deal in 
 bills of exchange, in buying or felling 
 bullion, and foreign gold, or lilver coir^, 
 &c. 
 
 By an ail pafled in the 8 th and 9th 
 years of the reign of King William III. 
 they were empowered to enlarge their 
 capital to 2,201, 171L los. It was then 
 alfo enacted, that bank ftock fhould be 
 a perfonal and not a real eftate ; that 
 no contrad, either in word or writing, 
 for buying or felling bank ftock, fhould 
 be good in law, unlefs regiftered in the 
 books of the bank within feven days, 
 and the ftock transferred within fourteen 
 days j and that it fhould be felony, 
 
 without 
 
238 BAN 
 
 without benefit of clergy, to counterfeit 
 the common feal of the Bank, any fealed 
 bank bill, any bank note, or to alter or 
 erafe fuch bills or notes • 
 
 In the 7th of Queen Anne, the Com- 
 pany were, by another ad:, impowered 
 to increafe their capital to 4,402,343 L 
 and at the fame time they advanced 
 400,000!. more to the government ; and 
 in 1 7 14, they advanced the fum of 
 1,500,0001. 
 
 In the third year of the reign of King 
 George 1. the intereft of their capital 
 was reduced to 5I. per cent, when the 
 Bank agreed to deliver up as many Ex- 
 chequer bills as amounted to two milli- 
 ons, and to accept of an annuity of 
 ioo,oool. /(?r annum. It was alfo de- 
 clared lawful for the Bank to call for 
 from their members, in proportion to 
 their interefls in the capital ftock, fuch 
 fums, as in a general court ftiould be 
 found neceflary j but if any member 
 Ihould negled: to pay his fhare of the 
 money fo called for, at the time ap- 
 pointed, by notice in the London Gazette 
 and fixed up in the Royal Exchange, it 
 fhould be lawful for the Bank, not only 
 to flop the dividend of fuch member. 
 
BAN 239 
 
 and to apply it towards the payment of 
 the money fo called for, but alfo to flop 
 the transfers of fuch defaulter, and to 
 charge him with an intereft of 5I. per 
 cent, per annurriy for the money fo omit- 
 ted to be paid ; and if the principal and 
 intereft fhould be three months unpaid, 
 the Bank fhould have power to fell fo 
 much of the ftock belonging to the de- 
 faulter as would fatisfy the fame. This 
 ftock is now called Bank Circulation, 
 every proprietor of which receives 5L 
 per cent, per annum^ but is obliged to 
 advance, if called for, loool. for every 
 I col. fo paid in. 
 
 The Bank afterwards confented to 
 have the intereft of two millions ftill 
 due from the government, reduced 
 from 5 to 4 per cent. The Company 
 alfo purchafed fcveral other annuities, 
 that were afterwards redeemed by the 
 government, and the national debt due 
 to the Bank was reduced to 1,600,000- 
 
 At length in 1742, the Company 
 agreed to fupply the government with 
 i,6oo,oooL at 3I. per cent, by which 
 means the government became indebted 
 to the Company 3,200,0001. the one 
 half carrying 4, and the other i^per cent. 
 
240 
 
 BAN 
 
 In 1746, the Company confented that 
 the fum of 986,800!. due to them in 
 Exchequer bills unfatisfied, on the du- 
 ties for licences to fell fpirituous liquors 
 by retail, fhould be cancelled, and in 
 lieu thereof to accept of an annuity 
 of 39,4421. theintereftof that fum at 
 4/. per cent. The Company alfo agreed 
 to advance the farther fum of i,ooo,oool. 
 upon the credit of the duties ariling 
 by the malt and land tax, at 4I. per 
 cent, for Exchequer bills to be ilTued 
 for that purpofe, in confideration of 
 which the Company were enabled to 
 augment their capital with 986,800!. 
 the intereft of which, as well as that 
 of the other annuities, was reduced to 
 3I. I OS. per cent, till the 25 th of De- 
 cember 1757, and from that time they 
 Qarry only 3I. per cent. 
 
 In fliort, feveral other fums have 
 fince been raifed by the Bank for the 
 fervice of the government : but the 
 above is fufficient to give a full idea 
 of the nature of the feveral fpecies of 
 annuities ; only it may be proper to 
 add, that what is called Bank Stock 
 is entirely diftind: from thefe, and may 
 not improperly be termed, the trading 
 
 3 
 
BAN 241 
 
 flock of the Company, fince with this 
 they difcount bills, and deal very large- 
 ly in foreign gold> &c. v/hich they only 
 buy by weight, which trade is fo very 
 conliderable, as to render a fliare in 
 this ftock very valuable, tho' it is not 
 equal in value to the Eaft India ftock. 
 The Company make dividends of the 
 profits half yearly. Pocket Library. 
 
 The transfer days at the Bank altered 
 in 1758^ are now as follows : 
 
 Bank ftock, Tuefday, Wednefday, Thurf- 
 
 day and Friday* 
 Reduced annuities, Monday, Wednef- 
 
 day and Friday, 
 
 Three /?^r c^;^/. 1726, 1 
 
 Confolidated annuities, > ditto. 
 
 ThxQQ^ per cent. iy$Jy J 
 
 Three 7 per cent. 17C6, . ^ 
 
 -ru I . . ^-^q' ^Tu. and T 
 ihree ^ per cent. 1750, J 
 
 The hour of transfer is from eleven 
 to twelve o'clock, and the hours of pay- 
 ment of dividends from nine to eleven, 
 and from twelve to one j except on the 
 following Holidays. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 R Ploli-^ 
 
242 BAN 
 
 Holidays at the Bank. 
 
 §1 6 
 
 5 / 25 
 
 Circumficn 
 Epiphany 
 
 K.CharlesLMart. 
 
 fe t 24 
 
 St, Matthias 
 
 Mar.jzj 
 
 Lady Day 
 
 < (26 
 
 St. George 
 
 St, Mark 
 
 D. of Cumb. born 
 
 S < 29 
 
 St. Philip & Jac. 
 K. Ch.JL reftor. 
 
 r 
 
 1- 
 
 1 - 
 
 24 
 / 26 
 
 Pr. Wales born 
 St. Barnabas 
 Midfummer Day 
 Inaug, K.Geo. IL 
 St. John Baptifi 
 K. Geo. n. pro. 
 St. Peter & Paul 
 
 July 25 
 
 St. James 
 
 < I 
 
 Lammas Day' * 
 St. Bartholomew' 
 
 London burnt 
 St. Matthew 
 St. Michael 
 
 St. Luke 
 
 K.Geo. IL crown^ 
 St. Simon & Jude 
 
 All Saints 
 All Souls 
 K. William born 
 Pov/der Plot 
 Ld. Mayor's Day 
 K. Geo. IL born 
 Q. Elizabeth's Ac. 
 Pris. Wales borr^ 
 
 StTThomas" 
 Chrillmas Day 
 St. Stephen 
 St. John 
 Innocents 
 
 Moveable Holidays. 
 
 Shrove Tuefday. 
 Afh Wednelaay. 
 Good Friday. 
 Eafter Monday, 
 Ealler Tuefday. 
 
 Eafter Wednefday* 
 AiC^enfion Day. 
 Whitfun Monday. 
 Whitfun Tuefday. 
 V/hitfun Wedneiday. 
 
 This CooTpany is under the direction 
 of a Governor, Deputy Governor and 
 
 twenty 
 
BAN 
 
 243 
 
 twenty-four Direftors, who are annually 
 eledted at a generial court, in the fame 
 manner as the Governor and the Direc- 
 tors of the Eaft India company. Thirteen 
 are fufficient to compofe a court of Di- 
 rectors, for managing the affairs of the 
 Company ; but if both the Governor 
 and Deputy Governor fhould be abfent 
 two hours after the ufual time of pro- 
 ceeding to bufinefs, the Diredors may 
 chufe a chairman by majority, all their 
 adts being equally valid, as if the Go-* 
 vernor or Deputy Governor were pre- 
 fent* 
 
 Bank End Jlairsy Bank fide. 
 
 Bank Side row.i Millbank. 2 Vine ftreet, 
 
 Southwark. 
 Bank's courts Knave's acre.-}- 
 Bank's jj/^r^, Bunhill row.'f- 
 Banner's rents^ Portpool lane.--}- 
 Bannister's yard. Water lane. Black 
 
 Friars. -f* 
 
 Bannister's alley, i Broad St. Giles's.-}- 
 2 Nightingale lane, Eaft Smithfield.-j- 
 
 Banqueting House, Whitehall, fo cal- 
 led from there being originally in 
 this place an edifice in which our 
 Kings had public entertainments. This 
 was a fmall part of the ancient palace of 
 R2 White- 
 
BAN 
 
 Whitehall, v/hich was deftroyed by jfire 
 in 1697, and only the Banqueting Houfe^. 
 and one court left ftanding. See the 
 article Whitehall, 
 
 In the reign of King James !• the 
 Banqueting Houfe being in a ruinous 
 condition, that Monarch formed the de- 
 lign of erecting a palace on the fpot, 
 worthy the refidence of the Kings of 
 England. The celebrated Inigo Jones 
 was employed to draw the plan of a no- 
 ble edifice ; this was done, and the pre- 
 fent ftrufture erected, as a fmall part of 
 the great intended v/ork, for the recep- 
 tion of ambalTadors, and other audiences 
 of ftate. The engraved view of it^ 
 which is here given, will beft illuftrate 
 what follows. 
 
 This is a regular and augufi: building 
 w^hich has three ftories. The loweft 
 has a ruftic wall, with fmail fquare 
 windows, and by its ftrength happily 
 ferves for a bafis for the orders. Upon 
 this is railed the Ionic, with columns 
 and pilafters, and between the columns 
 are well proportioned windows, with 
 arched and pointed pediments. Over 
 thefe is placed the proper entablature, 
 and on this is raifed a fecond feries of 
 
 the 
 
BAN 
 
 245 
 
 the Corinthian order, confifting of co- 
 lumns and pilafters like the other ; co- 
 lumn being placed over column, and pi- 
 1 after over pil after. From the capitals 
 are carried feftoons, which meet with 
 mafks and other ornaments in the middle. 
 This feries is alfo crowned with its proper 
 entablature, on which is raifed the balu- 
 ftrade with Attic pedeftals bet ween, which 
 crown the work. Every thing in this 
 building is finely proportioned, and as 
 happily executed. The projedtion of the 
 columns from the wall has a fine efFecfl 
 in the entablatures, which being brought 
 forward in the fame proportion, gives 
 that happy diverfity of light and fhade 
 fo efi^entiai to fine architedure. Eng/i/b 
 A7xhite5iii7^e. 
 
 To render this edifice as perfed: as 
 poflible, the ceiling is finely painted by 
 the celebrated Sir Peter Paul Rubens, 
 v/ho was ambaffador here in the time 
 of Charles L The fubjed is the en- 
 trance, inauguration, and coronation of 
 King James L reprefented by Pagan 
 emblems. It is efteemed one of his, 
 moft capital performances, and may be 
 juftly efteemed one of the fin eft- ceilings 
 R 3 infe 
 
246 
 
 BAP 
 
 in the world. This great apartment is 
 at prefent converted into a chapel, 
 for the fervice of which certain fe- 
 led: preachers were appointed out of each 
 univerfi ty, by King George 1. to preach 
 here every Sunday 3 for this each are al- 
 lowed a fUpend of 30 1. a year. 
 
 Bansted, a village in Surry, lituated be- 
 tween Darking and Croydon, famous for 
 producing a great number of walnuts ; 
 but much more for its neighbouring 
 Downs, one of the moft delightful 
 fpots in England, on account of the 
 agreeable feats in that neighbourhood ; 
 for the extenfiveprofpe£t of feveral coun- 
 ties on both fides the Thames, and even 
 of the royal palaces of Windfor and 
 Hampton Court ; and for the finenefs of 
 the turf, covered with a fhort grafs inter- 
 mixed with thyme, and other fragrant 
 herbs, that render the mutton of this 
 tradl, though fmall, remarkable for its 
 fweetnefs. In thefe Downs there is a 
 four miles courfe for horfe races, which 
 is much frequented. 
 
 Baptists, a fed: of diffenters, thus de- 
 nominated from their baptizing by im- 
 IBcrling the body all over, and from 
 
 their 
 
BAP 
 
 247 
 
 their not confidering infants as pro- 
 per fubjeils of baptifm. They are 
 principally divided into two claffes, 
 termed general and particular. The 
 general Baptifts, who with Arminius 
 maintain the do6lrine of univerfal re- 
 demption, confift of only fix con- 
 gregations, who have their meeting- 
 houfes as follows : 
 
 I . Fair ftreet, Horlely down. 2. Glafs- 
 houfe yard. Pickax ftreet, near Alderf- 
 gate bars. 3. Mill yard, Rofemary 
 lane. 4 Pinner^s hall. Broad ftreet, in 
 the afternoon, 5 Paul's alley, Red- 
 crofs ftreet, where are two different 
 congregations, who maintain their own 
 Minifter. 6. Queen ftreet, in the Park, 
 Southwark. 
 
 The particular Baptifts, who witk 
 Calvin believe that none will be iaved 
 but the eledl, and that all the relt of 
 mankind are doomed to eternal mifery, 
 are much more numerous, and have the 
 following meetings. 
 
 I. Angel alley, Whitechapel. 2. 
 Artillery ftreet, Spitalfields. 3. Brew- 
 ers hall. Addle ftreet. 4. Cherry 
 Garden lane, Rotherhith. 5. Church 
 lane, Limehoufe. 6. Collier's rents, White 
 R 4 ftreet. 
 
248 
 
 BAP 
 
 ftreet, Southwark. 7. Curriers court, 
 near Cripplegate. 8, Devonfhire fquare, 
 Bifhopfgate ftreet without. 9. Dipping 
 alley, Horfeiydowii, Southwark. 10. 
 Duke's itreet^nearPcj^-er ftreet. 1 1. Eagle 
 ftreet, Red lion ftreet, Holborn. 12. 
 Flov/er de luce yard, Tooley ftreet. 13. 
 Glafshoufe ftreet. Swallow ftreet, 14. 
 Goat yard pafTage, Horfelydown. 15. 
 Johnfon's ftreet. Old Gravel lane. 
 
 16. Little Wild ftreet. Great Wild ftreet. 
 
 17. Little Wood ftreet, Cripplegate. 
 
 18. Maze Pond ftreet, Southwark. 
 
 19. Maidenhead court, Great Eaftcheap. 
 
 20. New Way, Maze, Southwark. 
 
 2 1 . Pennington's ftreet, Virginia ftreet. 
 
 22. Pepper ftreet, Southwark. 23. Rofe 
 lane, Limehoufe. 24. Rofemary branch 
 alley, Rofemary lane. 25. Rotherhith. 
 
 26. St. Johns court. Little Plart ftreet. 
 
 27. Sheer s alley. White ftreet, South- 
 wark. 28. Snow fields. 29. Unicom 
 yard, St. Olave's. 30. Union yard, 
 Horfelydown lane. 31. Vinegar row, 
 Shoreditch. 
 
 Baptist courty by Bofwell court, Carey 
 ftreet.^^ 
 
 Baptist's Head court y Whitecrofs 
 ftreet.^ 
 
 Barbeks* 
 
BAR 
 
 249 
 
 Barbers. The art of furgery was an- 
 ciently prad:ifed in this city by none 
 but the Barbers, who were incorporated 
 by betters patent g':?.r^^' ^ y King Ed- 
 w^ard IV. in the 1 cai 1461, and in 
 1 51 2 an ad: was paffed to prevent any 
 perions befides the Barbers pnidiiing 
 furgery within the ciry of London, and 
 feven miles round. At length feveral 
 perfons, who were not Barbers, being 
 examined and admitted as praftitioners 
 in the art of furgery, the parliament 
 united them in the thirty-fecond year of 
 the reign of King Henry VIIL by the 
 appellation of ti^e Majiers or Governors of 
 the myjlery or commonalty of Barbers and 
 Surgeons of the city of ^London ; and by 
 this ad: all perfons pradiling the art of 
 {having, are ftrid:ly enjoined not to iiji- 
 termeddle with that of furgery, except 
 w^hat belongs to drawing of teeth. 
 Thus this company obtained the name 
 of Barber-Surgeons, which they conti- 
 nued to enjoy till the eighteenth year of 
 the reign of his prefent Majelly King 
 George 11. when the Surgeons applying 
 to Parliament to have this union dif- 
 folved, were formed into a feparate com- 
 pany ; though the Barbers were left in 
 
 poffeffioR 
 
250 B A R 
 
 poffeffion of the hall and theatre, and 
 were conftituted a body politic, under 
 the name of the Majler^ Governors and 
 Commonalty of the myjlery of Barbers of 
 London. 
 
 This company has a Mafter and three 
 other Governors, a court of Affiftants of 
 twenty-four members, and a very nu- 
 merous livery. 
 Barbers Hall, a fine edifice on the weft 
 fide of Monkweli ftreet, confifi:ing of a 
 fpacious hall room, a court room, theatre, 
 library, and other commodious offices. 
 The grand entrance from Monkweli 
 ftreet is enriched with the company's 
 arms, large fruit, and other decorations. 
 The court room has a fretwork ceiling, 
 and is alfo adorned with the pictures of 
 King Henry VIII. and the court of Af- 
 fiftants, in one fine piece ; a portrait of 
 King Charles 11. and other paintings. The 
 theatre contains four degrees of cedar 
 feats, one above another, in an elliptical 
 form, and the roof is an elliptical cu- 
 pola : this room is adorned with a buft 
 of King Charles I. the figures of the 
 feven liberal fciences, and the twelve 
 figns of the Zodiac; the fkins of a 
 man and woman on wooden frames, in 
 
 imita- 
 
BAR 
 
 imitation of Adam and Eve ; the figure 
 of a ihan flayed, done after the life, all 
 the muicies appearing in their due 
 place, and proportion ; the ilceleton of 
 an oftrich ; an human &eleton, with 
 copper joints, and five other ikeletons 
 of human bodies. But as this furniture 
 was introduced by the Surgeons, it is 
 now of no ufe, and the theatre is en- 
 tirely deferted. 
 
 This Hail is one of the works of that 
 great architedl Inigo Jones, and is a 
 mafterpiece in its kind, that elegant fim- 
 plicity which charadlerifes all his works, 
 giving the Ipedator the highefl: fatis- 
 faition. 
 
 Barber's alleyy Brown's lane, Spitalfields/^ 
 
 Barber's Pole allejy St. Margaret's hill, 
 Southwark.* 
 
 Barbican, Alderfgate fcreet, fo called 
 from a high watch tower v/hich ftood 
 there, from which a view might be 
 taken of the whole city. Barbican, ac- 
 cording to Camden, being an Arabic 
 word fignifying a watch tower. 
 
 Bare /ane. Gravel lane. 
 
 Baremere's Almshouse, in Almshoufe 
 yard, Hoxton, which was built about 
 the year 1701, by the Rev. Mr. Bare- 
 mere^ 
 
252 BAR 
 
 mere, a Prelbyterian Minifter, for eight 
 poor women, who have no other allow- 
 ance but half a chaldron of coals each 
 per annum. Maitland, 
 
 BAREj^r^, Bucklerlbury. 
 
 Barehouse yardy Silver ftreet. Wood 
 ftreet. 
 
 Barker's rents ^ Paul's alley. Red crofs 
 ftreet.^- 
 
 Barking, a large market town in ElTex, 
 fituated ten miles from London, on a 
 creek that leads to the Thames, from 
 whence fifh is fent up in boats to Lon- 
 don, the town being chiefly inhabited 
 by iifliermen. The parifh has been fo 
 much enlarged by lands recovered from 
 the Thames, arid the river Rothing, 
 which runs on the weft fide of ther 
 town, that it has two chapels of eafe, 
 one at Ilford, and another called Ncw^ 
 chapel, on the fide of Epping foreft, and 
 the great and fmall tithes are computed 
 at above 600L per annum. At a fmall 
 diftance from the town, in the way to 
 Dagenham, ftood a large old houfe^ 
 where the gunpowder plot is faid to 
 have been formed. 
 
 Barking alley y Tower ftreet, by Tower 
 
 Z hiil^ 
 
BAR 
 
 ^53 
 
 liill, fo called from the church of All- 
 hallows, Barking. 
 Barlam's inewsy New Bond ftreet.*^- 
 Barlow's courty Coal yard. Broad St. 
 Giles's. 
 
 Barnaby ftreef yToolty ftreet, Southwark. 
 
 Barnes, a village in Surry, almoii en- 
 compaffed by the Thames. It lies be- 
 tween Mortlake and Barn Elms, and is 
 feven miles from London, and five from 
 Kingfton. 
 
 Barnet, a market town in Hertfordfliire^ 
 fituated in the road to St. Alban's, eleven 
 miles from London, on the top of a 
 hill, whence it is called High Barnet, 
 and alfo Chipping, or Cheaping Barnet, 
 from King Henry the Second's granting 
 the monks of St. Alban's the privilege 
 of holding a market here ; the word 
 Cheap, or Chepe, being an ancient word 
 for a market. As this place is a great 
 thoroughfare, it is well fupplied with 
 inns. The church is a chapel of eafe 
 to the village of Eall: Barnet. Here is 
 a free fchool founded by Elizabeth, 
 and endov/ed partly by that Princefs, 
 and partly by Alderman Owen, of Lon- 
 don, whofe additional endowment is 
 paid by the Fifhmongers company, who 
 
 appoint 
 
sj4 BAR 
 
 appoint 24 governors, by 'whom tlie 
 mafter and ulher are chofen to teach 
 feven children gratis, and all the other 
 children of the parifh for 5s a quarter. 
 Here is alfo an almshoufe founded and 
 endowed by James Ravenfcroft, Efq; 
 for fix widows. 
 
 This place is remarkable for the de- 
 ciiive battle fought there between the 
 houfes of York and Lancafter, on Eafter 
 day, 1468, in which the great Earl of 
 Warv/ick, ftiled the Setter up^ and Pul^ 
 ler down of Kings ^ was flain, with many 
 others of the principal nobility. The 
 place fuppofed to be the field of battle, 
 is a green fpot, a little before the meet- 
 ing of the St. Alban's and Hatfield roads : 
 and here, in the year 1740, a ftone co- 
 lumn was ered:ed, on which is infcrib- 
 ed a long account of that battle. 
 Barnet (East) a pleafant village in 
 Hertfordfliire, near Whetftone and En- 
 field Chace, formerly much frequented 
 on account of its medicinal fpring,which 
 was difcovered in a neighbouring com- 
 mon about an hundred years ago. 
 The church is a mean edifice ; but the 
 redtory is very berieficial. 
 /Here is the fine feat of the Lord 
 
 Trevor, 
 
BAR 255 
 
 Trevor, to which Queen Elizabeth 
 gave the name of Mount Pleafant. 
 Barnet's yard, Mill banlcf- 
 Baron's Almshouse, in Elbow lane, 
 Shadwell, was founded in the year 1682, 
 by George Baron, for fifteen poor wo- 
 men, who alfo endowed it with 5I. 4s. 
 per annum for bread. 
 Barrat's rents. Stepney Caufeway.^f- 
 Barret's rc?2/r/,Horfelydown, Fairftreet.-j^ 
 Barrow's rents. Windmill hill.^f- 
 Bartholomew clofe, near Smithfield, 
 fo called from its being fituated near the 
 church of St. Bartholomew the Great. 
 Bartholomew court, i. Houndfditch. 
 
 2. Throgmorton ftreet. 
 St. Bartholomew's Church, fituated at 
 the fouth eafl: corner of Bartholomew 
 lane, behind the Royal Exchange, was 
 one of the churches confumed in the 
 general conflagration in 1666, and this 
 ftrudlure arofe in its place. It confifis 
 of a very irregular body, with a tower 
 fuited to it, the top of which, inftead 
 of pinnacles, a fpire, or turrets, is 
 crowned with arches, fupported by 
 columns of the Corinthian order. It 
 is a redory, in the gift of the Crown, 
 
 and 
 
256 
 
 B A R 
 
 and the Re£lor receives lool. a year iri 
 lieu^of tithes. 
 
 Bartholomew lane^ extends fromThread- 
 needle flreet to Lothbury, and is fo 
 named from St* Bartholomew's church 
 at the corner. . - 
 
 St. Bartholomew the Greats fituated 
 near the eail end of Duck lane, on the 
 north eaft .fide of Smithfield, efcaped 
 the flames in 1666, and is a large plain 
 church, with a tower crovs^ned with a 
 turret. It is a re6toTy#in the patronage 
 of the Earl of Flolland. The Redlor's 
 ^profits, ^befides cafualties, amount to 
 about 60L per annum. 
 
 St. B A R T H o L p M E w the Lefs, is feated on 
 the fouth eaft fide of Smithfield, adjoin- 
 ing to St. Bartholomew's Hofpital. It 
 was founded in the year 11 02, and be- 
 longed to the neighbouring convent of 
 the fame name ; but as it was not de- 
 ftroyed by -the fire in 1666, it remains 
 in the fame llate it was in before that 
 dreadful calamity. It is a low building, 
 compofed of brick and rough ftone 
 plaiftered ; and confifls of a roofed body 
 with Gothic windows, and a towei 
 with ^ corner turret. This' church is 
 
 a vi- 
 
BAR 
 
 257 
 
 ft vicarage, in the gift of the Lord 
 . Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Coun- 
 cil, who upon receiving the grant of tke 
 church and hofpital, covenanted to pay 
 the Vicar 13I. 6s. 8d. per arjmmy which> 
 with an allowance from the hofpital^ 
 and cafualties, amounts to about I2cl. 
 ' per annum k 
 
 St. Bartholom:ew's Hospital, on the 
 fouth eaft of Smithfield, for the cure of 
 the poor, fick a;id lame, formerly be- 
 longed to the Priory of St. Bartholomew 
 in Srnithfield ; but both the priory and 
 hofpital being dilTolved by K . Henry VII L 
 that Monarch, in the lail: year of his 
 reign, founded the hofpital anew, and ' 
 endowed it with the annual revenue of 
 500 marks, upon condition that the 
 city fhould pay the fame fum, which 
 propofal was readily embraced, and the 
 managers of this foundation were incor- 
 porated by the name of 'The Hofpital of 
 the May or ^ Corninonalty and Citizens of 
 London, Goverftors for the poor, called 
 Little St. Bartholomew's, near Weji Smith - 
 
 * feld. Since that time the hofpital has 
 received prodigious benefadiions from 
 great numbers of charitable perfons, by 
 which means not only the poor of Lon- 
 VoL. L S don 
 
25S BAR 
 
 don and Southwark, but the diftrcffed 
 of any other parts of the King's domi- 
 nions, and from foreign countries, are 
 taken in, whether fick or maimed, and 
 have lodging, food, attendance, and 
 medicines, with the advice and affift- 
 ance of fome of the beft Phyficians and 
 Surgeons in the kingdom, who belong 
 to the hofpital, and attend the patients 
 as occafion requires ; they have alfo 
 matrons and nurfes, to look after and 
 affift them ; and at their difcharge when 
 cured, fome, who live at a confiderable 
 diftance, are relieved with money, cloaths, 
 and other neceflaries, to enable them to 
 return to their feveral habitations. Pity 
 it is that fo noble and humane a founda- 
 tion fhould want any thing to render it 
 per fed, and that every lick perfon who 
 is adniitted, except fuch as have fuffered 
 by fudden accidents, as the fra£lure or 
 diflocation of a bone, fhould be obliged 
 to depolit or give fecurity for the pay- 
 ment of a guinea, in cafe of death, in 
 order to deh'ay the expence of the fune- 
 ral ; for by this fome of the pooreft and 
 moffc miferable, and confequently the 
 moft proper objects, are unhappily ex- 
 cluded from reaping the benefit they 
 
 might 
 
BAR 
 
 ftiight otherwife receive from it : but 
 this is alfo the cafe of feveral of the other 
 hofpitals of this city; hov/ever many 
 thoufands of perfons labouring under 
 the moft dreadful difeafes and wounds, 
 are annually cured at this hofpital, and 
 in thofe of Kent ftreet in Southwark, 
 and the Lock at Kingfland, both of 
 which are dependent on it. Belides all 
 this, there are great numbers of out- 
 patients, who receive advice and medi- 
 cines gratis. 
 
 The ancient hofpital which efcaped 
 the fire of London becoming ruinous, it 
 was found abfolutely necejffary in the 
 year 1729 to rebuild it; a plan for that 
 purpofe was formed, and a grand edifice 
 eredted, by fubfcription, which was de- 
 figned to be only one out of four noble 
 detached piles of building, to be after- 
 wards raifed, about a court or area 250 
 feet in length, and 60 in breadth. 
 
 The original defign is now nearly 
 compleated, and this hofpital altogether 
 forms a very elegant building, or rather 
 buildings, for the fides which compofe 
 the quadrangle do not join at the angles, 
 as is ufual, but by four walls, each 
 having a large gate which admits you 
 S 2 int© 
 
s,6o B A S 
 
 into the area, as may be feen in the 
 print. Here is a ftaircafe painted and 
 given by Mr. Hogarth, containing two 
 pictures with figures large as the life, 
 which for truth of colouring and ex- 
 prefiion may vie with any thing of its 
 kind in Europe. The fubjed: of the 
 one is the Good Samaritan, the other 
 the Pool of Bethefda. 
 Bart let's buildings ^ Holborn.'f- 
 Bart let's court, i. Bartiet's ftreet. -f- 
 
 2. Holborn hill.-}- 
 Bartlet's^^4}§t, Fetter lane.^-f 
 BARTLET'sy?r^<f/, Red Lion ftreet, Clerk- 
 enwell.-f- 
 
 * Barton y?m^/, Cowley ftreet, Weftmin- 
 fter. f 
 
 Bar ton's rents ^ Shoreditch. •f- 
 
 Bar tram's j/^^r^/. Nightingale lane.-f- 
 
 Basing HALL, a very ancient building 
 
 , nov/ called Black well hall, which fee. 
 Basin GH ALL court ^ Eafinghall ftreet.^f- 
 BAsiNGHALL y?r^£'/, Cateaton ftreet, ex- 
 tends on the eaft and north fides of 
 Blackwell hall, anciently called Bafing 
 hall. Tho' this ftreet is neither uniform 
 nor regularly built, it has many hand- 
 fome houfes inhabited by merchants. 
 It received its name from its belonging 
 
 to 
 
B A S 
 
 261 
 
 to the family of the Bafings. Stow. 
 
 See Blackwell Hall. 
 Basing /ane. Bread ftreet, Cheapfide.-f- 
 Basket a//ey. i. Golden lane. 2. Gof- 
 
 well ftreet. 
 
 Basket-makers, a fraternity by pre- 
 fcription, and not by charter ; however, 
 they have the honour of being reckoned 
 one of the city companies. This com- 
 munity is governed by two Wardens and 
 forty-eight Affiftants ; but has neither 
 livery nor hall. 
 
 Bassh/^w's renfSy Love lane. Bank fide, 
 Soathwark, 
 
 Bassishaw ward, fo called from a cor- 
 ruption of Bafinghall, once the principal 
 houfe in it, is bounded on the north by 
 Cripplegate ward, on the weft by that 
 and Cheap wards, and on the fouth and 
 eaft by Coleman ftreet ward. See the 
 article Blackwell Hall. 
 
 This ward is very fmall, it only con- 
 lifting of Bafinghall ftreet. Its princi- 
 pal buildings are &t. MichaeFs church, 
 alfo called Baffifhaw church ; Blackwell 
 hall ; Coopers hall ; Mafons hall ; and 
 Weavers hall. 
 
 It is governed by an Alderman, his 
 Deputy, four Common Council men, 
 S J feven- 
 
262 
 
 BAT 
 
 feventeen wardmote inqueftmen, two 
 fcavengers, two conftables, and a beadle : 
 and the jurymen returned by the ward- 
 iiiote-inqueft in this ward, ferve in the 
 feveral courts of Guildhall in the month 
 of March. 
 Batch's walJzy Ratcliff higllway,•f' 
 BATEMANS BRIDGE jj/^r^/, Upper Ground 
 
 ftreet, Southwark/|- 
 BATEMAN'sy^r.f^/, May fair. 
 B A T T E R SB Y court^ near King llreet, Weft- 
 minfter.^f- 
 
 Battersey, a village in Surrey, fituated 
 on the river Thames, four miles from 
 LoudoDj) and at the fame diftance from 
 Ric^imond. The gardens about this 
 place are noted for producing the fineft 
 afparagTis. It gave the title of baron to 
 the late Lord Vifcount St. John, who 
 had a feat here, which is a plain old 
 building. Here Sir Walter St. John 
 founded a free fchcol for twenty boys, 
 
 BATEsy?r(?^/, Ratcliif highway.-j- 
 
 Bath courts Queen ftreet. 
 
 Bath ftreet. i. Cold Bath fields, thus 
 named from the Cold Bath near it. 
 2. Welbeek ftreet, thus named from the 
 Esrl of Bath, 
 
 Bat-- 
 
B E A 
 
 263 
 
 B A TTLEBRiDGE.i. Gray's-inn lane, 2 . Mill 
 lane, Tooley-ftreet, Southwark ; it was 
 fo called from Battle's abbey ; it land- 
 ing over a water-courfe, which flows 
 out of the Thames, and formerly be- 
 longed to that abbey. This bridge was 
 therefore built and repaired by the Ab- 
 bots of that houfe> Stow. 
 Battlebridge ft air near Mill lane, 
 
 Tooley ftreet. 
 Batt'S rents^ Whitechapel Common.'f' 
 Baxter's courts Church ftreet, Hackney.-f- 
 Baynard's castle lane^ Thames ftreet, 
 fo called from a caftle of that name built 
 there by William Baynard Lord of Dun- 
 mow. Camden. 
 Bayning's Almshouse, in Gunpowder 
 alley, Crutched Friars, was eredled in 
 the year 163 1, by Paul Vifcount Sud- 
 bury, for ten poor houfekeepers ; but 
 being furrendered to the parifh^ they 
 have made it their almshoufe. 
 Beach /^y^^,\Vhitecrofs ftreet, Crippiegatet 
 Beaconsfield, a fmall town in Bucking- 
 hamfliire, in the road to Oxford, about 23 
 jQiiles from London. It has feveral good 
 inns, and is remarkable for being ' the 
 birth-place of Mr. Waller, the celebrat- 
 ed poet, who had a great eftate, and a 
 S 4 hand- 
 
B E A 
 
 handfome feat here, which is ftill m 
 the pofleffion of Edmund Waller, Efq-. 
 his defcendant. There is a fine monu^ 
 ment ereded in the church yard, to the 
 memory of Mr. Waller the poet. 
 Beadles courfy Eagle ftreet, Holborn. 
 Beak jireety Swallow ftreet, Piccadilly, fii 
 called from moft of the houfes belong- 
 ing to CoL Beak. 
 Beal's wharf y ftreet, Tooley ftreet.-f^ 
 Bear alley, i. Addle hill, Thames ftreet."^ 
 
 2. Fleet ditch.* 3 London wall.^ 
 Bear courts Butcher row, Ratcliif.'^" 
 Bear BINDER laney Swithin's lane. Can- 
 non ftreet. 
 
 Bear Garden, Bank fide, Southwark* ^. 
 
 Bear lanCy Gravel lane, Southwark,-|- 
 
 Bear Key, or Bear quay, near the CuA 
 torn houfe. There are two flreets of 
 this r^ame. Great and Little Bear Key, 
 which lead from Thames flreet to the 
 w^ater fide. On the key oppofite to 
 them, are la?}ded vaft quantities of corn, 
 and formerly much bear, a fmall fort of 
 barley, now little ufed in England s tho' 
 a great deal of it is brewed into ale and 
 beer in Dublin, and from this grain 
 Bear key undoubtedly took its name. 
 
 Bear Key jlairsy Bear key. 
 
 Bear's 
 
BED 
 
 265 
 
 Bear's court j Butcher row, Ratcliff crofs* 
 
 Bear's Foot ailey^ Bank fide. 
 
 Bear jireet^ Leicefler fields. 
 
 'Q-^AVi yard. i. Fore itreet, Lambeth.^ 2, 
 Long walk. King John's court.^ 3. 
 Silver ftreet.^ 4. Vere ftreet, Clare- 
 market."* 
 
 Bear and Harrow courts Butcher row. 
 
 Temple bar.^ 
 Bear and Raggfd Staff courts Drury 
 
 lane.*^ 
 
 Bear and Ragged STAFFj^'^r4 White- 
 
 crofs ftreet, Cripplegate."^ 
 BEARDLEY's'j'^r^ Wapping wall.-f* 
 Beaucham p/?r^i?/,Leather lane,Holborn.*f' 
 Beaufort's buildings ^ in the Strand.^f* 
 Beck's r^/z/i*. i. Ropemaker's fields. Lime- 
 houfe,^ 2. Rofemary lane. Little 
 Tower hill.^ 
 Lords of the Bedchamber, fourteen of- 
 ficers of great diftinftion, under the 
 Lord Chamberlain; the firft of whom 
 is Groom of the Stole. They are ufually 
 perfons of the higheft quality, and their 
 office is, each in his turn, to wait one 
 week in the King's bedchamber, and 
 therE to lie all night on a pallat bed by 
 the King, and to fupply the place of the 
 Groom of the Stole in his abfence. They 
 
 alfo 
 
266 
 
 BED 
 
 alfo wait upon the King when he cats 
 in private ; for the cupbearers, carvers, 
 and fewers do not then wait. The 
 Groom of the Stole has 2000I. a year, 
 and the reft of the Lords of the Bed- 
 chamber loool a year each. See Groom 
 OF THE Stole. 
 
 Grooms (^/^/^^^ Bedchamber, eight officers 
 of confiderable rank under the Lords of 
 the bedchamber, each of whom has a 
 falary of 500I. per annum. 
 
 Beddington, in Surry, the feat and 
 manor of the ancient family of the 
 Carews, is a noble edifice ; but the 
 wings are too deep for the body of the 
 houfe ; for they fhould either have been 
 placed at a greater diftance, or not have 
 been fo long. The court before them 
 is fine, as is the canal in the park, which 
 lies before this court, and has a river 
 running through it. All the flat part 
 of the park is taken up with very fine 
 gardens, which extend in viftas two or 
 three miles. The orangery is faid to 
 be the only one in England that is 
 planted in the natural ground, and the 
 trees, which are above an hundred years 
 old, were brought out of Italy by Sir 
 Francis Carew, Bart* They are, how- 
 
 ever^ 
 
BED 267 
 
 €ver, fecured in the winter by moveable 
 covers. The pleafure houfe, which 
 was alfo built by Sir Francis, has the 
 famous Spanifh Armada painted on the 
 top of it, and under it is a cold bath. 
 The church is a beautiful fmall Gothic 
 pile, built of ftone, in the north and 
 fouth ifles of which are feveral fldls 
 after the manner of cathedrals : and 
 here is alfo two charity fchools, one for 
 boys, and the other for girls. 
 
 Bedford buildings^ near Gray's inn, 
 
 Bedfordbury, Chandos ftreet. 
 
 Bedford court. 1. Bedford ftreet, Covent 
 Garden. 2. Red Lion ftreet, Holborn, 
 3. In the Strand. 
 
 Bedford Hqu^e. See Bloomsbury 
 fquare. 
 
 Bedford 7news^ a ftreet of flables near 
 Grays inn walks. 
 
 Bedford pajjage, Southampton ftreet. 
 
 Bedford row, near Gray's inn. 
 
 Bedford ftreet. i. Covent garden, ahand- 
 fome broad ftreet. It takes its name 
 from the Duke of Bedford, who is at 
 leaft ground landlord. 2, Red Lion 
 ftreet, Holborn \ a very handfome ftrait 
 and well built ftreet, inhabited by per- 
 fons of diftindion. 
 
 Bed- 
 
268 
 
 BEL 
 
 Bedlam, or Bethlehem Hospital. 
 
 See Bethlem. 
 Bednal, or Bethnal Green. See - 
 
 Bethnal Green. 
 Bednal, or Bethnal Green road, Mile 
 
 End. 
 
 Bedward's courts White ftreet.^f- 
 
 Beehive alley ^ Snow liill.'^' 
 
 Beehive courts Little St. Thomas Apoflles 
 
 Beer laney a crooked lane leading from 
 Tower ftreet into Thames ilreet, op- 
 polite the Cuftom houfe. 
 
 Beggar's Alms alley ^ Rofemary lane. 
 
 Beggar's BusH^^r<^, Gravel lane. 
 
 Beggar's hilly Maid lane. South wark. 
 
 Bell alley, i. Alderfgate ftreet v/ithout.^ 
 2. Auftin Friars.* 3. Budge row.* 4. 
 Canon ftreet, Walbfook.* 5. Coleman 
 ftreet, Lothbury, where there are two al- 
 lies of this name . * 6 . Dean ftreet, RatclifF 
 highway.* 7. Dock head.* 8. Fenchurch 
 ftreet.* 9. Golden lane,* 10. Gofwell 
 ftreet.* 1 1 .Great Carter lane.* 12. Great 
 Eaftcheap.* 13. Green alley, Tooley 
 ftreet.* 14. Kingfland road.* 15. King 
 ftreet, Weftminfter.* 16. Labour-in-vain 
 hill, Thames ftreet.* 17. Lamb ftreet.* 
 18. New ftairs, Wapping.* 19. Old 
 Bedlam.* 20. Old ftreet.* 21. Saffron 
 
 hill.* 
 
BEL 
 
 269 
 
 hill.* 22. Snow hill.* 23. Spltal yard.* 
 24. Thieving lane.* 25. Tooley llreet, 
 Southwark.^ 26. Turnmill ftreet.* 27. 
 Walbrook.* 
 
 Bell yardy Bifhopfgate ftreet, without.* 
 
 Bell and Bear alkyy Great Eaftcheap.* 
 
 Bell court, i. Gray's inn lane.^^ 2. Great 
 Carter lane. 3 Grub ftreet.* 4. Moor- 
 fields.* 5. St. Martin sle grand. 6.Tho- 
 mas ftreet. 
 
 Bell docky Wapping.* 
 
 Bell lane. i. Lifham green.* 2. By Crif- 
 pin ftreet, Spital fields.* 
 
 Bell wharf, i. Tooley ftreet. 2. Lower 
 Shad well.* 
 
 Bell wharf fairs, i. Lower ShadwelL* 
 2. Thames ftreet.* 
 
 Bell inn yard. i. St. Margaret's hilL* 
 2. In the Strand.* 
 
 Bell Savage innyard^ Ludgate hill. This 
 inn was lb called fi*om its being kept 
 by Ifabella Savage, v/ho was called in 
 French Belle Sauvage^ or lovely Savage. 
 Fuller s Church Hifi. 
 
 Bell yard. i. Barnaby ftreet.* 2. Coleman 
 ftreet.* 3. Fleet ftreet.* 4. Fore ftreet, 
 Lambeth.* 5. Gracechurch ftreet.* 6. 
 Great Carter lane.* 7. King's ftreet. 
 
 Weft- 
 
270 
 
 BEL 
 
 Weflminfter.^ 8. Little St. Martin's 
 lane. Charing crofs.* 9. Long alley, 
 Moorfields."^ 10. Mincing lane."^ 11. 
 Mount ftreet/^ 1 2. New Fifh ftreet hill.* 
 13. Old Fifh ftreet hill.* 14. Rofemary 
 lane."^ 15. St. Margaret's hill. South-- 
 wark*. 16. Stony lane.* 1 7. Vine ftreet.* 
 iS.Whitechapel.* i9.Whitehorfe ftreet, 
 RatclifF.* 
 Bell's alley y St. Catherine's lane.'f' 
 Bell's court y St. Michael's lane. 
 Bell's rents, i. Barnaby ftreet.^f- 2. Mint 
 
 ftreet.-j- 
 Bell's wharf j Millbank.^ 
 Bellows jK^r^. i. In Fore ftreet.* 2. In 
 
 the Minories.* 
 Belsyse, inMiddlefex, is fituatedon the 
 fouth weft lide of Hampftead hill, and 
 was a fine feat belonging to the Lord 
 Wotton, and afterwards to the late Earl 
 of Chefterfield : but in the year 1720, 
 it was converted into a place of polite 
 entertainment, particularly for mufic, 
 dancing, and play, when it was much 
 frequented on account of its neighbour- 
 hood to London : but fince that time 
 it has been fufFered to run to ruin. 
 
 Bel- 
 
BEL 
 
 Belvedere House, this belongs to 
 Sampfon Gideon, Efq ; is fituated on the 
 brow of a hill, near Erith in Kent, and 
 commands a vart extent of a fine coun- 
 try many miles beyond the Thames, 
 which is about a mile and half diftant. 
 This river and navigation add greatly 
 to the beauty of this fcene, which ex- 
 hibits to the eye of the delighted fpec- 
 ator, as pleafing a landlkip of the 
 kind as imagination can form. The 
 innumerable (hips employed in the im- 
 menfe trade of London, are beheld con- 
 tinually failing up and down the river. 
 On the other fide are profpedls not lefs 
 beautiful, tho' of another kind. This 
 gentleman has very judicioufly laid out 
 his grounds, and made many beautiful 
 viftas. The houfe is but fmall, tho' an 
 addition has been made of a very noble 
 room; this and two others are finely fiir- 
 nilh'd with pidures, of which follows 
 a catalogue. The collection, though not 
 numerous, is very valuable, it containing 
 none but pieces which are originals by 
 the greateft mafters, and fome of them 
 very capital. 
 
 In 
 
272 
 
 BEL 
 
 Oh , 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 •J 
 
 
 • ^ 
 
 Canalettt. 
 
 K| w v>>Y 
 
 
 04 l>> ^vO NO 
 
 
 CO ^ C4 d 
 
 On 
 
 ^ ^ H-f M (N, 
 
 
 Of CO CO 04 M M 
 
 ' a 
 
 • feJO 
 
 o 
 
 ^ I 
 
 C3 
 
 O 
 
 ^ 5 
 
 H O 
 
 g jD ^ .1:; ^x:i 
 
 I f 
 
 I J 
 
 I I 
 
 i I 
 
 s g 
 
 < B 
 
 o 
 
 < a 0^ ^ ^ 
 
 o <u 
 
 k ^-^ 
 
 O 
 -1 
 
 
 
 
 
 or 
 
 On NO 
 
 
 
 
 
 t-» 04 
 
 0^ 
 
 < ^ 
 
 S 
 
 O 4-J ^ 
 
 ^ CO > 
 
BEL 
 
 273 
 
 ^ • • 
 
 ^ ^ Q ^ Q:; Q Ci) ^ O 
 
 OsT^Ovo O O O OiO CO Ti-OO M 
 
 vo CO O Cs O ^ O '^^I) O vO O O O O ^QO 
 
 ICjI^llllc^lltlllll 
 
 pH fi ^ C 
 
 oY^u'jG-d c/^C! Oo 
 ^ O J2 G J3 bJ^-^ ^ r'l b ^ *^ ^ 
 
 Vol. I. T 
 
5:^ 
 
 ^ .Si 
 
 ^ ^ QhM 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 SO 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 G 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 
 CO CJ- 
 
 CO 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 G ^ oo y 
 u ^ 
 
BEN 
 
 ^75 
 
 Bembridge's rentSi Moor lane, Moor« 
 
 fields. \ . . 
 
 Bembridge Jlreety St Giles's pound. 
 Ben courts Grub flreet. 
 Benjamin jlreet. i. Cow crofs« 2* 
 
 Longditch, Weftminfter. \ 3. Red-^ 
 
 lion ftreet, Clerkenwell. 4, Swallow-^ 
 
 ftreet. \ 
 
 BenneI* FiNKy was dedicated to St. 
 Benedict, vulgarly called St. Ben net, an 
 Italian faint, the founder of the order of 
 Benediftine monks; and received the ad- 
 ditional name of Fmk from its rebuilder 
 Robert Fink. It is fitiJated on the fouth 
 fide of Thread-needle-ftreet. The old 
 church being deftroyed in the general 
 conflagration in 1666, the prefent edi- 
 fice was eredled in its room. The body 
 is of an irregular form, enlightened by 
 large arched windows, which reach to 
 the roof; this is incompaffed with a 
 baluftrade, and crowned with a lantern : 
 a dome rifes upon the whole extent of 
 the tov/er, and on its top rifes a turret. 
 This church is a curacy in the patro-- 
 nage of the Dean and Chapter of Wind- 
 er, who generally fupply it with one of 
 their own Canons. The Curate receives 
 lool. a year in lieu of tithes, 
 
 T 2 St. 
 
2/6 
 
 BEN 
 
 Sf. Ben net's Gracechurch-Jlreet^ is fitu-- 
 ated at tfie fouth weft corner of Fen- 
 church ftreet. The old church being, 
 much damaged by the fire in 1666, was 
 taken down, and the prefent ftru£ture 
 eredled in its place, which is built prin- 
 cipally of ftonc;, and is a regular, conve- 
 nient, and neat edifice, without the ex- 
 pence of columns and porticos. It has* 
 a handfome baluftrade at the top, and 
 a very high Ipire of the obelifk kind, the 
 bafe of which is fupported by four por- 
 ticos. 
 
 This church is a re6tory in the patro- 
 nage of the Dean and Chapter of St. 
 Paul's ; and the parifh of St. Leonard 
 Eaftcheap is annexed to it. The Reclor 
 receives 140 1. a year in lieu of tithes. 
 Zt. Ben net's Paiirs Wharf y is fo called 
 from its being confecrated to St. Bene- 
 didl, and its vicinity to that wharf* It 
 is fituated at the fouth weft corner of 
 St. Bennet's hill, and the old church be- 
 ing deftroyed by the fire of London in 
 1666, this was erefted in its place, from 
 a defign of Sir Chriftopher Wren. It is 
 a neat ftrudlure ; the body is well propor- 
 tioned : the tower has ruftic corners, and 
 
 its 
 
BEN 
 
 its turret and fmall fpire are raifed from 
 the crown of a dome. 
 
 This church isaredrory, the collation 
 to which is in the Dean and Chapter of 
 St. Paul's. The parifh of St. Peter 
 Paul's Wharf is united to it, and the 
 Redlor receives lool. a year in lieu of 
 tithes. 
 
 JSt. Bennet s '^herehogj ftood oppofite to 
 St. Sythe's lane, in St. Pancras lane^, 
 and in the ward of Cheap. In the year 
 1323, it went by the name of St. Ofyth, 
 from its being dedicated to a queen and 
 martyr of that name ^ but flie was di- 
 vefted of the tutelage of this church, by 
 Benedid; Shorne, a fifhmonger of Lon- 
 don, who was a rebuilder, repairer, or 
 benefadtor to it; and Shorne his fur- 
 name, being corrupted into Shrog, was 
 at lall converted into Sherehog. This 
 church fhiaring the common fate of the 
 general conflagration in 1666, and not 
 being rebuilt, the parifh was annexed to 
 ^ that of St. Stephen's Wallbrook. Newc. 
 Rep. Eccl. Paroch. 
 
 Bennet Jlreety a fhort ftreet, weftward 
 into Arlington ftreet, Piccadilly. 
 
 Bennet's Bridge laney Upper Ground 
 ilreet, Southwark. -j- 
 
 T 3 BEJ)»Jj^ET S 
 
278 
 
 B E R 
 
 Bennet's co7i7't. I. Beggars hill. Souths 
 wark. -f- 2. Canon row. \ 3. Drury 
 lane. \ 4. Limehoufe caufeway. \ 
 5. Long lane, Southwark. -f- 6. The 
 Strand, -f- 7. White ftreet. \ 
 
 BenNet's /^///, Thaines ftreet, thus named 
 from the church of St. Bennet's Paufs 
 Wharf 
 
 BENNET'sy?r^^/. I. Longditch. ^ 2. Near 
 the Upper ground, Southwark. -f- 3.81. 
 James's ftreet. \ 
 
 Ben net's j^r^/, near Tuftpn ftreet. -j- 
 
 Benson's alley ^ Shoreditch. ^f- 
 
 Bent IN CK Jireet^ Berwick ftreet. 
 
 Bee KH AM ST ED, an ancient town inHert- 
 fordlhire, fttuated 30 miles to the N. W. 
 of London. It was anciently a Roman 
 town, and here fome of the Saxon kings 
 kept their court. William the Conque- 
 ror here fwore to the nobility to preferve 
 the laws made by his 'predeceflbrs ; and 
 here Henry IL kept his court, and grant- 
 ed the town all the laws and liberties it 
 had enjoyed under Edward theConfeftbr. 
 It was a borough in the reign of Henry 
 in. and James I. to whofe children this 
 place was a nurfery, made it a corporation, 
 by the name of the Bailiff and Burgeftes 
 pf Berkhamfted St, Peter; the J3urgeftes 
 
 to 
 
B E R 
 
 2-79 
 
 to be twelve, to chufe a Recorder, and 
 Town Clerk, to have a prifon, &c. but 
 in the next reign it was fo impoverifhed 
 by the civil wars, that the government 
 was dropped, and has not been fmce re- 
 .newed. Its market is alfo much decaved. 
 The town^ though fituated on the fouth 
 fide of a marih, extends itfelf far in ^ 
 broad ftreet, and handfome buildings, 
 and is pleafantly furrounded with high 
 and hard ground, full ofpaftures^ hedge- 
 rows, and arable land. What remains 
 of the caftle, which is but one third of 
 it, was not long ago the feat of the 
 Careys, and is now the feat of the 
 family of the Ropers. Here is a fpacious 
 church dedicated to St.. Peter, which has 
 eleven of the Apofties on its pillars, with 
 a fcntcnce of the creed on each, and on 
 the twelfth pillar is St. George killing 
 die dragon. The other public buildings 
 are, a free fchool, which is a handfome 
 brick ftru6ture, well endowed, the King 
 being patron, and the Warden of All 
 Souls College in Oxford, Vifitor ; and a 
 handfome almshouse, built and endowed 
 by Mr. John Sayer and his wife, who 
 gave 1 300 L for that purpofe. 
 Bjejikley Square, near Hyde Park road^ 
 
 T 4 contains 
 
28p 
 
 B E R 
 
 contains about three acres, and is well 
 built on the north, eaft and weft fides. 
 
 The following is an account of the 
 choice and valuable colkdion of pictures 
 and prints of John Barnard, Efq; at his 
 houfe in Berkley fquare. 
 
 A holy family, by Parmegiano, well 
 preferved, and the characters very fine* 
 It was out of the Count de Platembourg's 
 colleftion at Amfterdam. 
 
 A crucifixion, by Paulo Veronefe, a- 
 bout three feet high ; there is a fine 
 group of figures at bottom, and the 
 figures on the crofs are remarkably well 
 drawn. 
 
 Chrift calling to Zaccheus ; and the 
 Angel appearing to St. John in the wil^- 
 dernefs ; both by Paulo Veronefe, in his 
 fineft manner and higheft colouring. 
 
 A prasfepe, or nativity, by Jacomo 
 Balfan ; the light comes from the child, 
 and has a furprizing efFed:, being in his 
 higheft colouring. Thefe three laft are 
 upright narrow pictures, oval at top, and 
 were originally defigned for fome elegant 
 little chapel. 
 
 Chrift led to be crucified, by the fame 
 iTiAftcr; the colouring is the richeft; 
 
 and 
 
B E R 
 
 and the expreffion is much finer than 
 one often fees of BafTan. 
 
 Adam ploughing and Eve Ipinning, by 
 JDomenico Fetti : this picture is finely 
 coloured, and the character of Eve is 
 prettier than can well be exprefled ; it 
 was in the colleftion of Monfieur Bibe- 
 ron at Paris, and Monfieur Crozat men- 
 tions it in his work, along with two 
 others of the fame fubje£t, one of which 
 belongs to the King of France. 
 
 A holy family, with a little St. John 
 prefenting a crofs, by Guido. This pic- 
 ture, w^hich is but fifteen inches high, 
 may be truly faid to be in his very fineft 
 manner ; the characters of the Virgin 
 and St. Jofeph are inexprefiibly fine, and 
 it is in the beft prefervation. It was 
 in the Duke de Tallard's collection. 
 
 The martyrdom of a female faint, by 
 ^Correggio. This pidture came out of the 
 fame coUeftion as the laft, and is much 
 of the fame fize ; it is in his firfi: manner, 
 but yet vifibly of his hand ; the colouring 
 and fome of the characters are fine. The 
 Duke of Tallard had it out of the col- 
 lection of Monfieur Crozat, where it v/as 
 always elleemed a true picture of Cor- 
 reggio, 
 
 A holy 
 
zg2 
 
 B E R 
 
 ^ A holy family, with a little St. John 
 prefenting a difh of fruit, by Simone da 
 Pefaro, commonly called Cantarini, who 
 was the beft difciple of Guido. The 
 figures are half length as big as life. True 
 pidiures of this mafter are very fcgirce in 
 England, and this is one of his beft;, and 
 in the higheft prefervation. 
 
 The Virgin with the child in her lap, 
 lialf length, as big as life, by Vandyck. 
 The character of the Virgin is as fweet, 
 and the colouring as fine, as any thing of 
 this mafter's painting. This was out of 
 the collexSion of Monfieur Biberon, and 
 there is an old print of this pidiure. 
 
 A holy family, by the fame mafter- 
 This is the fmall pidure, but the cha- 
 rafters of the Virgin and child, and the 
 fweetnefe and mellownefs of the colour- 
 ing, are at leaft equal to the large one. 
 There is a print of this by Bolfwert. 
 
 A head of St. Peter, with a fifti in his 
 hand, by Spagjioletto. The expreflion 
 and force in this picture are extremely 
 great. There is a mezzotinto print en^ 
 graved after it by Mr. MacArdell. 
 
 Pharoah and his hoft drowned in the 
 Red fea, about five feet wide, by Vale-- 
 rio Caftelli* The charadler of Mofes is 
 
 very 
 
B E R 
 
 283. 
 
 very great, and the colouring through- 
 out is remarkably fine. 
 
 The converfion of St. Paul, by Luca 
 Jordano, with many figures and horfe- 
 men, about fix feet wide. This is one 
 of his beft, in the free and fpirited fiiyle, 
 ipr which he was rnoft famous. 
 
 A battle, by the fame mafter, not 
 quite fo large. The compofition in this 
 pid:ure is better, and the figures feem 
 more alive and in piotion, than in al- 
 mofi; any battle pieces to be met with. 
 
 Tobit burying the dead, by Benedetto 
 Caftiglione, in the ftyle of Nipola Pouflin, 
 which mafter (in his latter time) he 
 particularly ftudied and imitated 3 and he 
 fucceeded therein fo well, in this pidlurp, 
 both in the compofition and drawing, 
 that was not his name upon it, feveral 
 of the beft judges have declared, they 
 fhould not only have taken it for a true 
 pidlure of that mafter, but alfo for a 
 very fine one of hirn. 
 
 A landfkip, by Claud Lorraine, near 
 four feet wide ; the fubjed: is a warri> 
 evening ; it is in the higheft prefervation, 
 not in the leaft turned blacky and in hi^ 
 very fineft tafte and manner of painting : 
 the keeping, and that harniony andten-r 
 
 dern^fs 
 
284 
 
 B E R 
 
 dernefs of tints, for which that mafler 
 was fo famous, are remarkably conlpi- 
 cuous in this picture, and the figures, 
 which are but few, are much better 
 than one generally fees in his works. 
 
 A pr^fepe, by Pietro da Cortona : the 
 compofition and the harmony of colours 
 in this picture are very fine. 
 
 The entombing of Chrift, by Federico 
 Barroccio : the dead body is rather dif- 
 agreeable, but fome of the charaders 
 are very fine. This was out of the Duke 
 D'Auvergne's colleilion at Paris. 
 
 The adoration of the Magi, by Ru- 
 bens : this is only a fketch for a large 
 picture, yet it is fo finifhed, that at a 
 proper diftance the characters are as ex- 
 preffive, and the colouring as rich as in 
 a finifh'd pidture. 
 
 St. Thomas, who difbelieves putting 
 his finger in the wound in Chrift's fide, 
 by Michael Angelo Caravaggio. This 
 is alfo a Iketch, but the dignity in the 
 charadlers, and the fine large folds of 
 drapery, fhew it to be the work of a 
 great mafter. Mr. Barnard has a print 
 of this pidlure etch'd by the mafter him- 
 felf, which is extremely fcarce. 
 
 The ftjoning of St. Stephen, by Filippo 
 
 Lauri, 
 
B E R 
 
 Lauri. Though the figures in this pidlure 
 are rather larger than thofe which are in 
 his very beft manner, yet they are finely 
 drawn, and the gaiety and beauty of the 
 colouring, together with the fine keep- 
 ing obferved in the diftant figures, make 
 it a very pleafing and fine pidlure. 
 
 Chrift's agony in the garden, by the 
 famemafter. The figures in this arelhiall- 
 er than in the preceding^ and the fine 
 characters, and correClnefs of drawing 
 of the figures, joined to the beautiful co- 
 louring, have always made this picture, 
 though a very fmall one, efteemed by 
 the greateft judges as one of his beft. 
 
 The fame fubjed: in a round, about a 
 foot diameter, by Carlo Maratti ; the 
 angels heads are fine, and the colouring 
 pleafing. This picture belonged to Mr, 
 Jarvis the painter, who had a companion 
 to it by the fame hand, the fubjed: a dead 
 Chrift; he valued them very highly. 
 
 A holy family, by the fame mafter, 
 about one foot feven inches high; this is 
 painted in his beft time and fineft co- 
 louring. 
 
 A Silence, by Nicolo Pouflin : the fub- 
 jed a landjflsiip, the evening, in which 
 alittle boy is running away with a Satyr s 
 
 mufical 
 
 / 
 
^86 
 
 B E k 
 
 mufical inftrument as he lies afleep 5 
 other figures are lying and leaning in a 
 repofed manner. Though this pifture is 
 onlv about feventeen inches wide, and 
 the figures but fmall, yet they are as gen- 
 teel, and as corredtly drawn, as in any 
 of his fineft pictures. 
 
 The woman taken in adultery, by Se- 
 baftianRicci. Th© greatnefs of the defign 
 the dignity and propriety of the charac- 
 ters, particularly the woman, and the 
 harmony of the colours, fliew him to be 
 (tho' a modern mafter) equal to moft of 
 the greateft that went before him. 
 
 Two mifers counting and fettingdown 
 their mon^y; the fame fubje6t, but with 
 fome variation as that at Windfor, by 
 Quintin Matfys of Antwerp, who re- 
 peated this picture feveral times. 
 
 An old man's head v/ith a ruff,painted 
 by Rembrant. It is thought to be the 
 portrait of Ephraim Bonus the Phyfician, 
 as it bears a' great refemblance to the 
 print of him engraved byRembrant him- 
 lelf, but in the pidure he is much older. 
 The light and fhade in this pi6lure is ex- 
 tremely fine. Mr. Houfton, an excellent 
 engraver in mezzotinto, lias engraved a 
 very fine print after this picture. 
 
 2 A fine 
 
B E R 
 
 287 
 
 A fine landlkip with Tobit and the 
 Angel, near three feet wide^, by the fame 
 mafter ; the effedt of colours in this pic- 
 ture is furprifing. 
 
 A Magdalene's head, by Guido, 
 Anhiftoricalfubje6t, a woman and threq 
 children, &c. by Solimene. This is better 
 coloured, and more finifhed, than one ge- 
 nerally fees of this mafter. 
 
 Angels holding a mitre over St. Am- 
 brofe, a finiflied fketch for a large pic- 
 ture, by the fame mafter. The charad:er 
 of St. Ambrofe is very fine, and the dra- 
 peries are in a great ftyle of painting. 
 
 Sufannah and the Elders, by LeMoine. 
 The colouring of the woman, who is near 
 naked, is very fine, and the compofition^ 
 and the landlkip are very agreeable. 
 
 A little boy and girl naked in a land- 
 fkip of a garden, by Albano, in his 
 richeft colouring. 
 
 A battle, by Borgognone, about two 
 feet wide 3 this is clearer and better co- 
 loured than moft of his pidures ufually 
 are. 
 
 Two landfkips, by Gafpar Pouflin, a- 
 bout tvv^o feet two inches wide each. 
 They are in his fineft green manner, and 
 extremely well prefer ved, 
 
 Anotlier 
 
288 
 
 B E R 
 
 Another landfTcip, by the fame mafter^ 
 a little larger but upright, and alfo in his 
 richeft and beft manner, 
 
 A landfkip with rocks, and a man ly- 
 ing reading, by Salvator Rofa, about two 
 feet tv/o inches wide. This is one of 
 thofe pidiures that were engraved and 
 publiflied by dirediion of Mr. Pond fome 
 years ago : it belonged then to Mr. Kent. 
 
 A landfkip, its companion, by Barto- 
 lomeo, a difciple of the above mafter* 
 The figures and water in this picture are 
 remarkably fine. 
 
 A landjfkip, a warm evening, about the 
 fame fize, by Jean Affelin, commonly 
 called Crabacci, with cattle in the water 
 by Berchem in his fineft manner. Mr. 
 Major, an engraver of great merit, has 
 made a very capital print from this pic- 
 ture. 
 
 A landlkip with cattle and figures, by 
 Cuyp, its companion. The fun-fhine, for 
 w^hich this mafler is fo famous, is parti- 
 cularly fine in this picture . 
 
 Venus and Adonis with Cupids, by 
 Van Baelen, in a landfkip about the fame 
 fize as the above, by Velvet Brughell, 
 w^ho has introduced dogs, &c. painted 
 with the utmofl life and fpirit. This is 
 
 as 
 
B E H 
 
 289 
 
 as fine a coloured pidlure as cm poffibly 
 be met with. 
 
 A landfkip about the fame fize, with a 
 flock of fheep, &c. by Frailcefco Mille. 
 ► The compofition is fine, and this is one 
 of his richeft pidtures^ 
 
 A piece of ruins, by Viviano, about 
 the fame fize; 
 
 A piece of ruins, by Ghifolfi, with 
 a man fitting by the fide of the Tiben 
 
 A fea calm with Englifh yachts, by 
 William Vandevelde. The keeping, the 
 figures, and the water^ are uncommonly 
 fine in this pidture, 
 
 A canal with boats on it, and a bridge 
 at the end, with buildings on each fide, 
 by Canaletti. This pidlure, for the fine- 
 nefs of the water, and the juftnefs of 
 the perfpedtive, is allowed to be one of 
 the very finefl: of this maftcr. 
 
 A landfkip with figures^ fifhing, &Co 
 by Zucchareili, about 2 feet 9 inches 
 wide. This pidlure from the finenefs 
 of the figures, and the uncommon rich- 
 nefs of the colouring, has been always 
 deemed at leaft equal to any thing 
 this great mafter ever painted^ 
 
 A holy family, with a little St. John 
 fitting on a lamb, by Scarcellini de 
 
 Vol. L U Ferrara^ 
 
B E R 
 
 Ferrara, after a defign of Augufline 
 Caracci ; it is a fmall picture, but the 
 charadlers and colouring are remarkably 
 Iweet in it, 
 
 A very mafterly flcetch of the mi- 
 raculous crofs of St. Antonio de Padua, 
 by Seb. Ricci. This at a little diftance, 
 has all the effedt of a finifh'd pidlure. 
 
 Chrift and the two difciples at Emaus, 
 by Elfheimer. The ftory is finely told, 
 and there is great expreflion in the 
 figures: this picture is a curiofity, not 
 only from the great fcarcenefs of the 
 works of this mailer, but there are in 
 it two different candle lights, and a 
 moon light, which have an uncommon, 
 and yet pleafing efifed:. 
 
 The Virgin fupporting a dead Chrift, 
 by Lubin Baugin, called in France, Le 
 Petit Guide, from his happy manner of 
 imitating the ftilc of that great mafter, 
 of which this little picture, among 
 others, is a proof : this was out of the 
 Duke de Tallard's colledion. 
 
 A fea monfter fwimming away witli 
 a woman, by Albert Durer, v^ho has 
 engraved a print of the fame fubjed: : this 
 is extremely well prelerved, and there 
 is a much better keeping obferved in it 
 than is ufual in pictures of that age. 
 
 A came- 
 
 m 
 
B E R 291 
 
 A camelion with a thiftle and flies, 
 moft exquifitely painted after the life, 
 hy Van Aelft. 
 
 A grodp of various flowers with in-- 
 fedls in a glafs of water, by a mafter 
 who has mark'd the pidture with 
 This in point of finifhiiig, is perhaps 
 carried as high as art, colours, and the 
 fineft pointed pencils can poflibly arrive. 
 
 A man fitting fmoaking, and other 
 back figures, by David Teniefs. This 
 is in his fineft ftile, both for colouring 
 and expreflion. 
 
 Two men with a little dog going to 
 enter a cottage ; a fmaller pifture by the 
 fame mafter, Mr. Major has engraved 
 a print from this> and calFd it the 
 Friendly Invitation^ 
 
 There are other fmaller pictures, good 
 in their kind, fuch as the Virgin and 
 Child, by Rottenhamer, highly finifhed 
 and coloured. 
 
 The fame fubjed:, the fchcol of 
 Caracci, if not of him. 
 
 The Virgin and Child with a bird, 
 and a little St. John, by Sebaijian 
 Bourdon, richer coloured than common 
 of this mafl:er. 
 
 U a . A holy 
 
292 
 
 B E R 
 
 A holy family and St. Catherine, by 
 Schidoni. 
 
 An angel drawing an arrow fronrs the 
 fide of St. Sebaftian, finely coloured by 
 Gerrard Seghers. 
 
 Alpheus and Arethufa, Glaucus and 
 Scylla, by Filippo Lauri, in his bed 
 manner. 
 
 A {hip on fire, by Vandevelde r the 
 effefl; furprizihgly fine. 
 
 A landfkip, by Wynants, highly 
 finifh'd, &c. 
 
 The fame Gentleman has alfo a col- 
 leftien of about twelve thoufand prints, 
 engraved and etched by the moft cele- 
 brated mafters of the three laft centuries, 
 much the greateft part of which are not 
 only in the higheft prefervation, but 
 alfo of the fineft impreflions ; and of 
 many of the mafters, there are either 
 all, or very hear the whole work ; they 
 are contained in about 50 large volumes, 
 befides above 60 volumes in fculpture 
 and architecture. The principal part of 
 this collection of prints are engraved 
 and etched by Andrea Mantegna, Marco 
 Antonio Raimondi, Ugo da Carpi, Sil- 
 veftra and Marco de Ravenna, Julio 
 
 Bona- 
 
B E R 
 
 293 
 
 Bonafoni, Auguftino Venetiana, Mar- 
 tinus Rota, Adamo of Mantua, Andrea 
 del Sarto, Parmegiano, Primaticcio^ 
 Schidoni, Sifto Badalocchi, Baroccio, 
 Camillo Procaccino, Michael Angelo 
 Caravaggio, Guercino, Spagnoletto, 
 Paulo Veronefe, Pal ma, Giulio Carpioni, 
 Domenico Canuti, Odoardo Fialetti, 
 Paulo Farinati, Ventura Salembeni, all 
 the Caracci's, Battifta Franco, Guido 
 Rheni, Simone Cantarini, Elifabetta 
 Sirani, Claud Lorraine, Gafpar Pouffin, 
 Crefcentio, Horizon ti, Franeefco Bolog- 
 nefe, Paul Brill, Both of Italy, Salvator 
 Rofa, Pietro Tefta, Caftiglione, Borgog- 
 none. Carlo Maratti, Luca Jordano, 
 Rubens, Vandyck, and others, after him 
 the whole work, Jordaens Rombouts^ 
 Cornelius 4e Wael^ Vofterman, Mar- 
 tinus Secu, Albert Durer, Lucas Van 
 Leiden, Hilbin, Geo. Pens, theViflchers, 
 Rembrant near the whole work, Oftade, 
 David Teneirs, Both, Bega, Berchem, 
 'Paul Potter, Stoop, Ad. Vandevelde, 
 Bamboccio, Hondius^ Fyt, Jean Miele, 
 Molenaer, Hollar^ Bloemart, Sebaftian 
 Bourdon, Le Brun, La Hyre, Mignard, 
 Delia Bella, Caliot, Mellan, Spierre, 
 Pprelle^Coypel, Pittau, Morin, Edelinck, 
 U 3 Maffoji, 
 
294 
 
 B E 
 
 MafTon, Drevet, Nanteuil, and many 
 other excellent mafters : ^Ifo a very con-^ 
 fiderable coUedtiop of original drawings 
 by moft of the greateft Italian, and fome 
 of the beftFlemilh and Dutch mafters- 
 
 Berkley Jireet^ Hyde park road ; thus 
 called from its being near the Lord Berk- 
 ley of Stratton's manfion houfe. 
 
 Bermeeter's Almshouse, in St. Johr^ 
 ftreet Bethnal green, was founded by 
 Mr. Bermeeter, for fix poor women, and 
 by him endowed with 30 1, per annum. 
 
 Bermondsey School, was founded in 
 the year 171 8, by Mr. Jofiah Bacon, 
 who bequeatheth the fum of 700 1. for 
 purchafmg land, and erecting a fchooj 
 Upon it, which he endowed with 150 L 
 a year, for educating fixty poor children 
 of the parifti of St. Mary Bermondfey 
 ftreet, called by corruption Barnaby-. 
 ftreet. See St. Mary Magdalen'si 
 Bermondsey. 
 
 The diftri^l of Bermondfey appears 
 in William the Conqueror's furvey to 
 have been a royal manor, in which 
 were twenty five hufbandmen, and twen- 
 ty three cottagers. Maitland. 
 
 Bernard's or Barnard's Inn, fttuated 
 on the fouth fide of Holborn, near 
 Fetter lane, was anciently called Mack^ 
 
 worth's 
 
B E R 
 
 woTth^s Inn, and is one of the Inns of 
 Chancery- This Society coniifts of a 
 Principal and twelve Antients, beiides 
 other members, who are obliged to be in 
 commons a fortnight in two terms, and 
 ten days in each of the other two, on the 
 penalty of forfeiting five fhillings a week* 
 
 Berry court, i. Liquorpond ftreet. -f- 2. 
 Love lane. Wood ftreet, Cheapfide. -f 
 3. St. Mary Ax. 
 
 Berry Jlreet. i. Piccadilly. -f- 2. Near 
 St. Mary Ax, Leadenhall ftreet. "f* 
 
 Berwick Jireety Old Soho. 
 
 Bethlehem courts Old Bethlehem, -f* 
 
 Bethlem, or Bedlam Hospital, ori- 
 ginally a priory, was founded in the year 
 J 247, by Simon Fitzroy, of London, o;: 
 according to Stow, Simon Fitz Mary, 
 Sheriff of London, on the eaft fide of 
 the place now called the quarters of 
 Moorfields, and of the burial ground of 
 Old Bethlem. This priory confifted of 
 brothers and fifters, who wore a ftar upon 
 their copes and mantles, probably in com- 
 memoration of the ftar that guided the 
 wifemen in their vifit to our Saviour at. 
 his birth 3 and thefe monks were to re- 
 ceive the Bifhop and the Canons of 
 Bethlehem, whenever they fhould come 
 tp England* But King Henry VIIL giv- 
 U 4 ing 
 
296 
 
 BET 
 
 ing this houfe to the city of London, it 
 was converted into an hofpital for the 
 cure of lunaticks ; but not without a cer- 
 tain weekly expence, paid either by their 
 relatioris or the parifh. 
 
 This hofpital being, however, in an 
 incommodious fituation, and becoming 
 both ruinqus, ancj unable tp receive and 
 entertain the great number of diftra£led 
 perfonSj, whole friends fued for their ad- 
 miffion, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, 
 and Common Council, granted the Go- 
 vernors a piece of ground along the fouth 
 fide of the lower quarters of Moorfields, 
 upon which the foundation of the pre- 
 fent hofpital was laid in April 1675, and 
 notwithilanding its being the moft mag- 
 nificent edifice of its kind in Europe, 
 was only fifteen months in eredling, as 
 appears by an infcription on its front. 
 
 This noble edifice is 540 feet in length, 
 and 40 feet in breadth, and is finely fitu- 
 ated. The middle and ends, which pro- 
 je6t a little, are adorned with pilafters, 
 entablatures, foliages, and other orna- 
 ments, and rifing above the reft of the 
 building, have each a flat roof with a 
 handfome baluftrade of ftone, in the cen- 
 ter of which is an elegant turret. That 
 
 in 
 
BET 297 
 
 in the middle is adorned with a clock, 
 and three dials, a gilt ball, and a vane 
 on the top. 
 
 This building upon the whole fhews 
 more the good intentions, than the good 
 tafte of the founders of this charity, the 
 ftyle of architecture being very improper 
 for an hofpital for madmen. Simplicity 
 and regularity was all that fhould have 
 been aimed at, and if there was a necef- 
 lity for pilafters, thofeoftheTufcan order 
 would have fuited the defign much bet- 
 ter than Corinthian ; but without regard- 
 ing the application, the middle pavilion, 
 which is elegant, fhould have certainly 
 been larger and more principal. The 
 entrance is grand, and the figures on the 
 piers, one reprefenting raving, and the 
 other melancholy madnefs, are finely ex- 
 prefled, and do honour to their au- 
 thor Mr. Gibber, father of the late Poet 
 Laureat. Since the firft ereding of this 
 edifice, two wings have been added, in 
 order to contain a number of incurables. 
 And before this fabric is a handfome wall 
 680 feet in length, which, like the ftruc- 
 ture itfelf, is built with brick and ftone. 
 It inclofes a range of gardens neatly a- 
 (Iprned with walks of broad ftone, graft 
 
 plats 
 
298 B T 
 
 plats and trees, wherein thofe of the lu- 
 natics who are well enough to be fufFer- 
 ed to go about, are allowed to walk there 
 and enjoy the benefit of the frelh air. 
 In the middle of this wall is a large pair 
 of fine iron gates, and by them a fmall 
 entrance for the admiflion of thofe who 
 come out of curiofity to vifit this hofpital; 
 on each fide towards the top of thefe 
 gates are placed the two flatues, in the 
 manner reprefented in the print. 
 
 The expence of eredling diis edifice, 
 befides that of building the wings, a- 
 mounted to near 1 7,000 L 
 
 The infide chiefly confifts of two gal- 
 leries one over the other, which crofs the 
 wings, and are 193 yards long, thirteen 
 feet high, and fixteen feet broad ; with- 
 out including the cells for the patients, 
 which are twelve feet deep. Thefe gal- 
 leries are divided in the middle by two 
 iron grates, by which means all the 
 men are placed at one end of the houfe, 
 and all the women at the other, and in 
 leach gallery fervants lie, to be ready at 
 hand on all occafions. In the middle of 
 the upper gallery is a large fpacious 
 room, where the Governors, and, in the 
 lower, where the weekly Committee 
 
 meet. 
 
BET 299 
 
 meet, and the Phyfician prefcribcs for 
 the patients ; befides, above there are 
 convenient apartments for the fleward 
 of the houfe, the porter, matron, nurfe 
 and fervants ; and below flairs all 
 neceflary offices for keeping and dreffing 
 the provilions ; for wafhing, and other 
 lieceffary offices belonging to fo large a 
 family ; and alfo a bathing place for the 
 patients, fo contrived, as to be an hot 
 or cold bath, as occafion requires. 
 
 There are generally above 200 lunatics 
 piaintained in this hofpital, each of 
 whom has a fmall room or cell to him- 
 felf, where he is locked up on nights, 
 and in this room is a place for a bed ; 
 but where the patients are fo fenfelefs as 
 not to be fit to make ufe of one, they 
 are every day provided with frefh clean 
 ftraw. Thofe are judged the fitteft ob- 
 jedls that are raving and furious, and 
 yet capable of cure. 
 
 As to the method of admitting them, 
 they are brought on Saturday, when the 
 Committee meets, to be viewed by therri 
 and the Phyfician j and if a perfbn be 
 judged a fit objed:, a warrant is drawn 
 up for his admifllon by the clerk of the 
 holpital, tp be figned by the Prefident, 
 
 or. 
 
)a B E T , 
 
 or, in his abfence, by the Treafurer. 
 Thofe who put in the patient are oblig- 
 ed to give a bond, figned by two per- 
 fons, to take him away when difcharg- 
 ed, or if he dies, to be at the expence 
 of burying him. Their friends, who put' 
 them in, are obhged to provide them 
 with cloaths ; but there is a wardrobe 
 from whence they are fuppHed, when 
 negledled by thofe friends : for though, 
 when raving and furious, they fuffer but 
 little from the weather ; yet in their in- 
 tervals, they frequently contrail other 
 diflempers, care of which is alfo taken, 
 as well as of their lunacy, whether 
 thofe diftempers be external or internal ; 
 and though formerly every patient paid 
 5s a week, they now not only pay 
 nothing, but after their recovery and 
 leaving the holpital, are furni£hed with 
 medicines to prevent a relapfe. When 
 a patient is cured, he is called before a 
 Committee of the Governors and Phyli- 
 cians, who examine him, and being 
 found fit to be difcharged, the Phyfician 
 gives a certificate to that purpofe, and. 
 then the fteward of the houfe takes care 
 to have him delivered to his friends. 
 
 .The 
 
BET 301 
 
 The hofpitals of Bethlem and Bride- 
 well being made one corporation, they 
 have the fame Prefident, Treafurer, 
 Governors, Clerk, Phyfician, Surgeon, 
 and Apothecary ; yet each hofpital has 
 its proper fteward and inferior officers, 
 and a particular committee is chofen out 
 of the Governors for each. Out of that 
 appointed for Bethlem, there are fix 
 who meet every Saturday, to examine 
 the fteward's account of expences for 
 the preceding week, and to fign it 
 after it is approved ; they alfo view the 
 provifions, examine the patients that 
 are to be received or difcharged, and 
 have the dired:ion of other affairs be- 
 longing to this hofpital. 
 ETHNAL Green, a village near Mile 
 End, and lately one of the hamlets of 
 Stepney, from which parilli it was fepa- 
 rated by an ad: of parliament in the i '^th 
 year of his prefent Majefty's reign. The 
 old Roman way from London led thro' 
 this hamlet, and joining the military 
 way from the weft, palled with it to Lea 
 Ferry at Old Ford. Within this ham- 
 let, Bonner, Bifhop of London, had { 
 palace, and the Trinity Houfe have ar 
 hofpital for twenty-eight decayed fez 
 
302 
 
 B E V 
 
 men, who have been mafters of fhips ot^ 
 pilots, or their widows^ See Trinity 
 Hospital* 
 
 The church built purfuant to the a- 
 bove adt, is placed at the north-eaft 
 corner of Hare ftreet, Spitalfields, and 
 is a neat, commodious edifice, built with 
 brick coped and coined with free-ftone ; 
 and the tower, which is not high, is of 
 the fame materials. It is remarkable, 
 that though the village of itfelf is fmall, 
 yet as part of Spitalfields anciently be- 
 longed to that hamlet, this parifh con- 
 tains 1800 houfes, and the parifliioners 
 are computed to amount to above 1 5000* 
 
 Bett's^//^, Anchor ftteet. -f- 
 
 IBett's fireet. i. By Knockfergus* 2* 
 Ratclin* Highway, "f- 
 
 Be VIS laney Duke's place. 
 
 Bevis Marks, St.MaryAx. Here was once 
 a very large houfe with feveral courts 
 and gardens, which belonging to the Ab- 
 bot of Bury in Suffolk, was called Bury 's 
 Marks, corruptly Bevis Marks^. This 
 houfe being demolifhed, the ground has 
 many houfes built upon it, and among 
 the reft a fynagogue of Jews. Stow. 
 
 Bevis Marks School, was founded in the 
 in the year 1731, by Ifkac de Cofta 
 
 Villa 
 
B I L 
 
 3<^3 
 
 ^ Villa Real, a Portuguefe Jew, who alfo 
 endowed it with the annual fum of 80 1. 
 for cloathing and educating twenty Jew 
 girls of his nation, 
 Bewley's rents, Holiwell court, -f- 
 Bigg's alley y Thrall ftreet, Spitalfields. 
 Bigg's or Bett's rentSy Rofemary lane. 
 
 Tower hill. 
 Bill alleys Billiter lane. 
 Billet jK^r^, Billiter lane. 
 BiLLNGSGATE, a great fifh market in 
 Thames ftreet; which is only a large 
 water-gate, port, or harbour, for fmall 
 vefTels, laden with filh, oranges, lemons, 
 Spanifh onions, and in fummer, with 
 Kentifh cherries i here the Gravefend 
 boats wait to take in their fare ; and here 
 the woodmongers and coalmen meet at 
 about eight or nine o clock every morn- 
 ing, this being a kind of exchange for 
 thofe concerned in the coal trade. 
 
 Billingfgate is however moft famous 
 for being the greateft fifh market in 
 England, and the only port for fifh in 
 London, which has occafioned fevcral 
 a£ts of parliament, to prevent the fifli- 
 mongers monopolizing that confiderable 
 article of food. By thefe a£ts it is made 
 lawful for any perfon to buy fifh in that 
 2 mar- 
 
B I L 
 
 market, and to fell it again in any other 
 market or place in the city of London, 
 or elfewhere, by retail ; but no fiflimon- 
 ger, or other perfon, is to engrofs or buy 
 more than fhall be for his own fale ot 
 ufe, on pain of forfeiting 20 1. for every 
 fuch offence, and no fiilimonger, or o-^ 
 ther perfon, is to expofe to fale any fifh 
 at Billingfgate by retail that was before 
 bought in the fame market. 
 
 Billingsgate dock^ Thames ftreet. 
 
 Billingsgate war J, is fituated on the 
 fide of the Thames, and is therefore 
 bounded by that river on the fouth ; as 
 it is on the eaft by Tower ftreet ward, 
 on the weft by Bridge ward, and on the 
 north by Langbourn ward- It contains 
 a part of Thames ftreet, and Little Eaft- 
 cheap, which lie in the fame diredlion, 
 and thofe leading from one of thofe 
 ftreets to the other, as St, Mary at hill. 
 Love lane, Botolph's lane, Pudding lane, 
 and on the other fide of Little Eafl:cheap, 
 a confiderable part of Rood lane, and 
 Philpot lane. The moft remarkable 
 buildings are the churches of St. Mary at 
 hill, St. Margaret Pattens, and St. 
 George, Botolph lane ; Butchers hall, 
 and the Kings weigh-houfe. 
 
 This ' 
 
3^5 
 
 This ward is governed by an Alder- 
 man, and ten Common Council men, one 
 of whom is Deputy, eleven conftables, 
 fix fcavengers> fourteen wardmote in^ 
 queftmen, and a beadle. 
 
 The jurymen returned by the ward- 
 mote inqueft, ferve as jurors in the courts 
 of Guildhall in the month of May. 
 BiL LITER laney Leadenhall ftreet. It was 
 anciently called Belzeter's lane, from its . 
 firft builder and ov/ner, which was at 
 length corrupted to Billiter lane. Mait-* 
 land. 
 
 Billiter fquare^ Billiter lane. 
 
 Bilton's alleyy Freeman's lane, Horfe-* 
 lydown. -f- 
 
 Bingle's laney Poplar, ^-f^ 
 
 BiNH am's j/^r</, near St. James's fquare. •f* 
 
 Birch IN lane^ Cornhill. Stow obferves 
 that it was anciently called Birchover's 
 lane, from Birchover, the firft builder 
 and owner, and that this name was cor- 
 rupted to Birchin lane. 
 
 Bird's alley ^ Fafhion ftreet. -f- 
 
 Bird's court y Philip lane, -j- 
 
 Bird's Jlreet, i. Brook's ftreet. 2. Green 
 Bank, Wapping. -f- 3. Orchard ftreet. 
 
 Bird's wharf] White Friars flairs. 
 
 Bird's j/^r^/. Chick lane, Smithfield. -f* 
 Vol. I. X Bird 
 
3o6 
 
 BIS 
 
 Bird Cage alley, i. Anchor ftreet.^ 2. In 
 the Borough.^ 3. St. Margaret's Hill^ 
 Southwark.^ 
 
 BiRDCATCHERs allejy Whitechapel. 
 
 Bird in hand alley y Cheapfide.'^ 
 
 Bishop's court, i. Ailibury ftreet. 2. 
 Brook's ftreet. 3. Chancery lane, from 
 the Bifliop of Chichefter's houfe near 
 that place. 4. Coleman ftreet. 5. Dur- 
 ham yard, in the Strand. 6. Fore ftreet. 
 7. Gray's Inn lane. 8 Little Old Bailey. 
 9. Lothbury. 10. Old Soho. 11. Old 
 ftreet. 
 
 Bishop's yard^ Charles ftreet, Grofvenor 
 fquare. 
 
 ^ISHOPSGATE, is fituatcd 1440 'feet 
 north weft of Aldgate. Mr. Strype ima- 
 gines that it was ere£ted by Erken- 
 wald Biftiop of London about the year 
 675, a conjecture founded only on the 
 effigies of two Bifliops wherewith this 
 gate was formerly adorned, and from 
 which it might take its name : but 
 it is probable that it was no* erected fe 
 early, lince Mr. Stow could not find 
 it mentioned before the year 1210. 
 
 In the reign of King Henry IIL the 
 Anfeatic company refiding in this city, in 
 confideration of federal privileges granted 
 
 them. 
 
BIS 
 
 them, obliged themfelves and their 
 luccelTors, not only to keep this gate 
 in repair, but to defend it, whenever 
 it fhould be attacked by an enemy : 
 and by this company it was rebuilt 
 in a beautiful manner in the year 
 1479. On the fouth fide over the 
 gateway, was placed a ftone image of 
 a Bifhop with a mitre on his head ; 
 he had a long beard> eyes funk, and an 
 old mortified face, and was fuppofed to 
 prefent St. Erkenwald. On the north 
 fide was another BiflTiop with a fmooth 
 face, reaching out his right hand to be- 
 fi:ow his benedidlions, and holding a 
 crofier in his left, who is thought to 
 have been the courtly Bilhop William 
 the Norman : this lafi: was accompanied 
 hf two other figures in fi:one, fuppofed to 
 be King Alfred, and his fon Eldred Earl 
 ofMercia. The prefcntflrudureis a plain 
 neat edifice erected in 1735. On the top 
 over the gateway, which is very lofty, is 
 the city arms fupported by dragons ; and 
 on each fide of the gate is a poftern for 
 the convenience of foot pafifengers. 
 BisHOPSGATE Jlreef extends from Corn- 
 hill, thro' the gate, to Norton Fal- 
 gate, that part between the gate and 
 Cornhili being called Bilhopfgate fi:reet 
 X 2 withii;). 
 
3o8 
 
 B I S 
 
 within, and all without the gate, Bifhopf- 
 gate ftreet without. 
 BisHOPSGATE wardy which takes its 
 name from the gate, that ftands almofl 
 in its center, is bounded on the fouth 
 by Langborn ward; on the weft by 
 Broad ftreet ward ; and Moorfields on 
 the eaft by Aldgate ward, Portfoken 
 w^ard, and part of the Tower liberty ; 
 and on the north by Shoreditch : thus 
 this ward extends from the bars near 
 Spital fquare, on both fides of the way, 
 (including near half of Houndfditch) 
 as far as the pump at the corner of 
 St. Martin's Outwich ; and winds by 
 the weft corner of Leadenhall, down 
 Gracechurch ftreet, to the fouth weft 
 corner of Fcnchurch ftreet. The 
 principal places in this ward arc,* the 
 parifli churches of St. Botolph with- 
 out Bifhopfgate, St. Ethelburga's, and 
 Great St* Helen's ; Leatherfellers hall, 
 Grefham college, and the London Work- 
 houfe. 
 
 This ward is under the government 
 of an Alderman and two Deputies, 
 one within, and the other without the 
 gate, fix Common Council men, thirteen 
 
 ward- 
 
B L A 309 
 
 wardmote inqueft men, feven conflables, 
 feven fcavengers, and a beadle. The jury- 
 men returned by the inqueft men are 
 to ferve in the feveral courts of Guild- 
 
 ■ hall in the month of Decembe^r. 
 
 Bissel's courts Wapping.-f- 
 
 Bist's gar dens y in the Mint, Southwark.-f- 
 
 V^iTT alleys Turnmill ftreet. 
 
 Black alley y Turnmill ftreet. 
 
 Black and white alley, i. Old Bailey. 
 2. Tower hill. 
 
 Black and white courts Old Bailey. 
 
 Black Bell alley y Petticoat lane.* 
 
 Black Bird /^//^. i. St. John's ftreet, 
 Spitalfields.* 2. Spicer ftreet."^" 
 
 Black Boy alley, i. Chick lane.* 2. 
 Barnaby ftreet.* 3 Blackman ftreet. 
 South wark.* 4. Fore ftreet, Lambeth.* 
 5. In the Minories.* 6. Near Peter's 
 Hill, Thames ftreet.* 7. Rofemary lane."^ 
 8. Saltpetre Bank.* 
 
 Black Boy courts Long Acre.* 
 
 Black Boy yard. i. Li the Minories.* 
 2. Saltpetre Bank.* 
 
 Black BuLL^//dj, Petticoat lane. White-- 
 chapel.* 
 
 Black Bull yard^ Whitechapel.* 
 Blackburn's alley^ Rotherhith walLf- 
 X 3 Black- 
 
B L A 
 
 Blackburn's courts Portpool lane.-|^ 
 Blackburn's mews^ Grofvenor ftreet.^1 
 Black Dog alley. i. Bowling alley-. 
 
 Deans yard, Weftminfter,'^ 2. Eaft 
 
 Smithfield.^^ 
 Black Dog yard, i. Near VauxhalL* 
 
 2. Shoreditch.^ 
 Black Eagle courts Whitechapel.* 
 Black Eagle Jlreety Brick lane, Spitalr 
 
 fields."* 
 
 Black Eagle yard. Black Eagle ftreet."* 
 
 Black Fields, Horfelydown. 
 
 Black Friars, near Fleet ditch, was a 
 monaftery of that order, otherwife cal- 
 led Preaching Friars. This monaftery 
 was ereded by Robert Kilwarby Arch- 
 bi(hop of Canterbury, about the year 
 1276, who alfo built the church of 
 Black Friars, to which King Edward L 
 and Queen Eleanor were great benefac- 
 tors, and even the reputed founders. 
 This church was large and richly 
 furniihed with ornaments. In the mo- 
 naftery feveral parliaments were held, 
 and the Emperor Charles V. who 
 Was alfo King of Spain, lodged there in 
 the year 1522. There the ancient Kings 
 had their records and charters kept^ 
 as well as at the Tower : and, tho* 
 
 this 
 
B L A 
 
 this monaftery was diflblved with the 
 reft by King Henry VIII. yet in the reign 
 of Queen Elizabeth, Black Friars was 
 inhabited by many noblemen and gentle- 
 men ; parliaments ftill continued to be 
 often held there, and being a place 
 of refuge, malefactors frequently took 
 fhelter in its liberties, and the inha- 
 bitants were free from arrefts : but 
 thefe pernicious privileges have been 
 many years loft , and as it has beea 
 lately made part of the ward of Fa- 
 ringdon within, the fliopkeepers and 
 tradefmen are obliged to be free of 
 the city ; two Common Council m.en 
 are annually eleded out of it, and added 
 to the number that ufed to ferve this 
 ward. 
 
 Black Friars bridge. The Lord 
 Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Coun- 
 cil of this city, have been empowered 
 by a late a£t, to build a bridge crofs 
 the Thames from Black Friars to the 
 oppofite fide in the county of Surry ; 
 to fill up the channel of Bridewell 
 dock, or Fleet ditch, and to purchafe 
 and pull down fuch buildings as fhall 
 be thought proper for forming and 
 widening ftreets and avenues. This 
 X 4 bridge 
 
3^^ 
 
 B L A 
 
 bridge is to have a free and open paf- 
 fage thro' the arches of 750 feet at 
 leaft within the banks of the river, 
 A fufficient number of glafs lamps 
 are to be fixed on proper parts of it, 
 to burn from fun fetting to fun rifing; 
 and a number of watchmen placed for 
 the fecurity of paffengers. 
 
 For the erefting and fupport of this 
 work, when finifhed, they are to re- 
 ceive as toll, any fum they fliall di- 
 rect, not exceeding the follov/ing rates : 
 For every coach, chariot, berlin, chaife, 
 
 chair or calafh, drawn by fix horfes^ 
 
 » 28. 
 
 Drawn by four horfes, is. 6d, 
 
 Drawn by lels than four, is. 
 
 For every waggon, w^ain, cart or car, 
 
 drawn by four or more horfes, or 
 
 other beafts, is. 
 For either of the fame carriages drawn 
 
 by lefs than four horfes, &c. 6d. 
 For every horfe, mule or afs, laden or 
 
 unladen, and not drawing, it\ 
 For every foot paflenger on Sunday, i d. 
 And every other day ^d. 
 
 Upon the credit of thefe tolls, the 
 Lord Mayor and Common Council are 
 impowered to raife any fums of money 
 3 not 
 
B L A 
 
 3^3 
 
 not exceeding 30,000!. in one year, 
 till they have raifed i6o,oool. in the 
 whole, which they are not to exceed. 
 Black Friars Jchooh was founded by 
 Peter Joy, Efq; in the year 171 6, 
 who alfo endowed it with 160I. 17s. 3do 
 per anniim^ for cloathing and in- 
 jftrufting forty boys and thirty girls, in 
 reading, v/riting and accounts. This 
 fchool he left in truft with the Gover- 
 nors of Sion College, who allow the 
 mafter 40I. and the miftrefs 30I. a 
 year. 
 
 Black Friars Jiairsy near Fleet ditch. 
 
 Blackhetath, a large plain on the fouth 
 of Greenwich, on which Watt Tyler, 
 the Kentifh rebel, muftered 100,000 
 men. In this place, which is admired 
 for the finenefs of its lituation, and 
 its excellent air, is a noble houfe built 
 by Sir Gregory Page, Bart, a view 
 of which we have here given. 
 
 This is a very magnificent edifice, 
 built in the modern tafiie, confining 
 of a bafement ftate and attick llory. 
 The wings contain the offices and 
 ftables, which are joined to the body 
 of the houfe by a colonade. It ftands 
 in the midfl of a park with a large 
 
 piece 
 
B L A 
 
 piece of water before it. The back 
 front has an Ionic portico of four 
 columns, but having no pediment does 
 not make fo agreeable a figure as could 
 be wiflied. 
 
 This is one of the fineft feats in 
 England belonging to a private gentle- 
 man ; it is adorned with many capi- 
 tal pidures, a lift whereof is here given; 
 and the gardens, park, and country 
 around, render it a moft delightful 
 feat : yet this fine edifice was begun, 
 raifed, and covered, in the Ipace of 
 eleven months. At a final I dift an ce 
 is the College ere(^l:ed by Sir John 
 Mofden, Bart, for a particular account 
 of which fee Morden College, 
 
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JB L A 323 
 
 Black Horse alley, i. Earbican, ^ 2* 
 Near Snow hill. * 
 
 Black Horse court. i. Alderigate 
 flreet- ^ 2. In the Minories. 3. Old 
 Change. ^ 4. White ftre^it, Southwark* 
 5. Windmill ftreet. * 
 
 Black Horse j/ST^. i. Green ftreet, 
 Leicefter fields.^ 2. In the Curtain, Hog 
 lane, Shoreditch. ^ 3. Gravel lane> 
 Houndfditch. * Gray's Inn lane. ^ 5. 
 Harrow alley, Petticoat lane. Night- 
 ingale lane* ^ 7. Pickax ftreet. ^ 8. 
 Poor Jewry lane, within Aldgate* ^ 9. 
 Tottenham Court road. ^ 10. Town- 
 ditch, Little Britain. * 1 1. Tower hilL * 
 15. Whitechapel • 13. Great Wind- 
 mill ftreet. ^ 
 Black Jack alley, i. Eaft Smithfield. ^ 
 2. Great Windmill ftreet. * 3. Old 
 ftreet. ^ 
 
 Black Lion Wentworth ftreet, 
 
 Black Lion court, i. Bank ftde. * 2« 
 
 Fofter lane. ^ 3. Old Change. 
 Black luioi^^ Jiairs^ near York Buildings. * 
 Black Lion yard. i. Bedfordbury. ^ 2» 
 Stony lane, Petticoat lane. ^ 3. White- 
 chapel. * 
 
 Blackman's court, i. Great Peter 
 ftreet, * 2, Price's alley. * 
 
 Y 2 Blackman's 
 
324 B L A 
 
 Blackman*s Jireety St. George's churchy 
 Southwark. ^ 
 
 Black Mary's hoky a few ftragling houfes 
 near the Cold Bath fields, in the road to 
 Hampftcad. It took its name from a 
 Blackmoor woman called Mary, who a- 
 bout thirty years ago lived by the fide of 
 the road near the ftile in a fmall circular 
 hut built with ftones- 
 
 Blackmoor's Head yardy near St, 
 James's fquare^ ^ 
 
 Blackmoor Jireety Clare-market. * 
 
 Blackmoor's ^//^. I. Farthing fields. 
 2. Green bank, Wapping. 3. St. Mar- 
 tin's lane. Charing crofs. * 
 
 Black Raven alley, i. Coleman ftreet. * 
 2. Leadenhall ftreet. 3. Near Fifh- 
 mongers hall in Thames fi:reet. ^ 
 
 Black Raven court, i. Chifwellftreet. ^ 
 2. Golden lane.* 3. Grub fi:reet. 4. Lea- 
 denli^tll ftreet. ^ 5- St. Olave's ftreet. * 
 6. Seething lane. * 
 
 Black Raye^ pa//agef Fetter lane. * 
 
 BlackRod, an office r of the King's palace, 
 fo called from his carrying a black fiaff, 
 
 ' is the chief cf the four Gentlemen Ufners 
 of the prefence chamber, and attends 
 the Houfe of Lords every day during the 
 fitting of Parliament, where his feat is 
 
 within 
 
B L A 
 
 within the bar. When the King fends 
 to order the Houfe of Commons to at- 
 tend him in that houfe, he always fends 
 the Black Rod. This gentleman is alfo 
 employed in fitting up the Houfe of Lords 
 before the meeting of the Parliament; 
 he introduces the Lords into that houfe, 
 and to his cuftody delinquents are com- 
 mitted by the Lords. This gentleman 
 is likewife U/her to the order of the 
 Garten 
 
 Black's alley ^ Eaft Smithfield. 
 
 Black's fields y Shad Thames. 
 
 Blacksmiths, an ancient guild, or fra- 
 ternity, which was continued by pre- 
 fcription, till the Blackfmiths were in- 
 corporated by letters patent granted by 
 Queen Elizabeth, and confirmed by 
 King James L 
 
 This company is governed by a Maf- 
 ter, three Wardens, and twenty one Af- 
 fiftants, and has a livery of 220 mem- 
 bers, whofe fine is 81. They have a 
 pleafant hall on Lambeth hill, for the 
 difpatch of their affairs. 
 
 Blacksmiths yard^ Upper Ground, 
 Southwark. 
 
 Black Spread Eagle ^//^j. i. Black- 
 man ftreet. ^ 2. Kent llreet. * 3, 
 Turnmill flreet. * 
 
 Y 3 Black 
 
326 
 
 B L A 
 
 Black Spread Eagle court, i. Black- 
 man ftreet. * 2. Finch lane, Cornhill. ^ 
 
 Black Swan alley. \. Golden lane.^ 2. 
 Corbet's court. Eagle ftreet. 3. Holi- 
 well ftreet. * 4. Little Carter lane. ^ 5, 
 Oppofite Garlick HiU, Thames ftreet. ^ 
 
 6. London v/all. * 7. St. Margaret's 
 hilL> 
 
 Black Swan court, i. Bartholomew 
 lane. ^ 2. Canon ftreet. * 3. Golden 
 lane. ^ 4. In the Maze. * 5. Market 
 ftreet. * 6. St. Paul's Church yard. ^ 
 
 7. Shore ditch. ^ 8. Great Tower ftreet. ^ 
 Black Swan j^r^. i. Brown's lane. 2, 
 
 In the Borough."*" 3. Newington Butts. ^ 
 4. Ropemakers fields, Limehoufe. 
 
 Black Swan Inn r^r^/, Holburn.^ 
 
 Blackwell, Poplar. 
 
 Black WELL bally Bafinghall ftreet, a 
 very ancient edifice, employed for feveral 
 ages as a market for all kinds of v/oollen 
 cloth brought to London. This edifice 
 was originally called Bafing's Plaugh or 
 Hall ; probably from the family of the 
 B'afings, who firft built the houfe, and 
 whofe arms were placed in many parts 
 of it, painted on the walls, and cut in 
 the ftone work. From this family, who 
 were owners alfo of the adjoining ground. 
 Stow fuppofes, that the ward itfelf took 
 
 its 
 
B L A 
 
 327 
 
 its name, as Coleman ftreet ward of 
 Coleman, and Faringdon ward, of 
 William and Nicholas Faringdon." 
 Of this family the fame author obferves, 
 that Solomon Baling was Mayor in the 
 year 1 2 1 6 ; and that to Adam Bafmg his 
 fon, who was alfb afterwards Mayor, 
 King Henry III. gave the advowfon of 
 the church at Baling Hall, and feveral 
 liberties and privileges. 
 
 In the 36th year of Edward III. this 
 houfe was inhabited by Mr. Thomas 
 Bakewell, whence it obtained the name 
 of Bakewell Hall ; a name that was af- 
 terwards corrupted to that of Blackwell 
 Hall. At length it was purchase J, with 
 the garden and appurtenances, of King 
 Richard II. by the city, for the fum of 
 50 1. and from that time has been chief- 
 ly employed as a weekly market for all 
 the broad and narrow woollen cloths 
 brought out of the country. 
 
 This houfe at length grov^^ing ruinous, 
 was rebuilt in the form of a handfome 
 flcre houfe in the year 155B, at the 
 charge of 2500 1. but an hundred and 
 eight years after was dellroyed by the fire 
 of London, and again rebuilt in 1672 ; 
 this laft is the prefent edifice. 
 
 It is a fquare building with a court 
 Y 4 in 
 
328 
 
 B L A 
 
 in the middle furrounded with ^vare- 
 houfes, and has two fpacious entrances 
 for carriages, one from Bafinghall ftreet^, 
 and the other oppofite to it by GuildhalL 
 This lafl is the principal front, and has 
 the door-cafe adorned with two columns 
 of the Doric order, with their entabla- 
 ture, and a pediment, in which are the 
 King's arms, and a little lower the city 
 arms enriched with Cupids, (!^c. 
 
 In this edifice are the Devonshire, 
 Gloucefter, Worcefter, Kentifh, Medley, 
 Spanifli, and Blanket Halls, in which 
 each piece of cloth pays one penny for 
 pitching, and a half-penny per week 
 refting; and the profits, which are faid to 
 amount to about iioo\. per a?2num^ are 
 applied tov/ards the fupport of Ch rift's 
 Hofpital, the Governors whereof have 
 the whole management of thefe ware- 
 houfes. There are feveral ftatutes relating 
 to the regulation of this market, with 
 refpedt to the factors, and others con- 
 cerned. 
 
 Blackwell Hall courts London Wall, 
 
 Bafinghall ftreet. 4- 
 Blackwell Hall pajfagCy Cateaton 
 
 ftreet. 4- 
 
 Blackwell Hall yard^ Bafinghall 
 ftreet, 4* 
 
 Blake's 
 
B L E 
 
 Blake's alleys Holiwell lane, -f* 
 
 Blake's courts Catharine ftreet, in the 
 Strand, "f* 
 
 Blake's j^'^r^. Old ftreet. *f- 
 
 Bland court j Narrow ftreet. 
 
 Bland's dock^ Rotherhith. -f- 
 
 Bland's yardj In the Minor ies. 
 
 Blank j'^r^, Great Pearl ftreet. 
 
 Bl E CH IN GLY, a fmall parliamentary bo- 
 rough in Surry, laid to have enjoyed 
 that privilege ever fince parliaments had 
 a being, and yet it has no market. The 
 Bailiff, v^ho returns the members, is an- 
 nually chofen at the Lord of the Man- 
 . nor's court. The town, which is five 
 miles from Ryegatc, and twenty from 
 London, being fituated on a hill, on the 
 fide of Holmsdale, afibrds a fine prolped:, 
 as far as Suffex and the South Downs^ 
 and from fome of the ruins of the caftle, 
 which are ftill vifible, tho' in the midft 
 of a coppice, one may take a view to 
 the weft into Hampfhire, and to the 
 eaft into Kent. Here is a free fchool 
 and an almshoufe ; but the fpire of 
 the church was confumed by lightning 
 and all the bells melted in the year 
 1606. 
 
 Bleeding HsARTj/^r^, Crofs ftreet. Hat- 
 ton garden, -f* 
 
 Blenheim 
 
33^ 
 
 B L O 
 
 Blenheim Jireetj Oxford ftreet. 
 Blewgate Jields, RatclifF Highway, 
 Ble wit's buildings y Fetter lane, -j- 
 Ble wit's court y Fetter lane, -f- 
 Blick's roWi Oxford row. 
 Blind Beggars alley. Cow Crofs, ^f- 
 Blood's ground, Merfham ftreet. -f- 
 Blood worth's dock, Wapping. -f- 
 Bloodworth's j//:?r^/, Wapping wall. 
 Bloody Bridge, King s Road, Chelfea. 
 Blooms BURY, the diftrid: thus named was 
 anciently a village denominated Lomf- 
 bury, in which were the King's ftables, 
 till they were deftroyed by fire in 1 354. 
 Maifland. 
 
 Bloomsbury church^ See St. George's 
 
 Bloomjbury. 
 Bloomsbury court, Bloomlbury market. 
 Bloomsbury imrket, by Bioomlbury 
 
 fquare* 
 
 Bloom SB UR Y j^^^r^, Southampton flreet, 
 Holborn. This fquare has been lately 
 embelliflied with many goodhoufes, and 
 the grafs plats in the middle forrounded 
 with neat iron rails. The north fide is 
 entirely taken up with Bedford Houfe, 
 which is elegant, and was the defign of 
 Inigo Jones. Befides the body of the 
 houfe, are two wings, arid on each fide, 
 the proper offices. One of the wings is 
 
B L U 331 
 
 a magnificient gallery in which are co- 
 pies of the Cartoons at Hampton Court, 
 as large as the originals, by Sir James 
 Thornhill. Behind the houfe are exten- 
 live gardens, which command a view of 
 the country, aitd particularly of High- 
 gate and Hampftead. 
 
 Blossom's Inn entry, Bloffom's Inn yard, 
 Laurence lane, Cheapfide. 
 
 Blossom's Inn yard^ Honey lane market, 
 Cheapfide. 
 
 Blossom's Jlreet. i. Briantftreet. 2. White- 
 Lion flreet, Norton Falgatc. 
 
 Blowbl ADDER Jlreet , from Cheaplide 
 to St. Martin's le Grand. It obtained its 
 prefent name from the bladders formerly 
 fold there, when the fnambles were in 
 New^gate ftreet. 
 
 Blow's courts Saffron hill. 
 
 Blue Anchor alky. i. Barnaby flreet. ^ 
 
 2. Brook's ftreet, near Ratcliff Crofs. * 
 
 3. Bunhill row. 4. Cable ftreet. ^ 
 5. Greeri Bank. ^ 6. Great Minories. * 
 7. Old ftreet. ^ 8. Pellhoufe row. 
 9. Petty France. 10. Rofemary 
 lane. 1 1. St. Catharine's. *^ 12. Tooley 
 ftreet. * 13. Tower ditch. 14. 
 Whitecrofs ftreet, Cripplegate. 
 
 Blue Anchor court, i. Butcher row, 
 without Temple Bar. 2. Colemau 
 
 flreet. 
 
33^ 
 
 B L U 
 
 ftreet. 3. Salifbury court, Fleet ftrcet. 
 Blue Anchor road^ Weft lane, Rother- 
 hith wall. 
 
 Blue Anchor yard. i. Green Bank. ^ 
 2. Little Tower hill. * 3. London wall.^ 
 4. Petty France, Weftminfter. * 4. St. 
 Catharine's lane. * 6. Rofemary lane. 
 
 Blue Ball ^//^^. i. In the Mint, South- 
 wark. ^ 2. Saffron hill. * 
 
 Blue Ball (f^z/r/. ^ i. Artichoke lane. * 
 2. Canon ftreet. * 3. Drury lane. ^ 
 
 4. Little Hart ftreet, Covent Garden. * 
 
 5. Salift)ury court. Fleet ftreet. * 
 Blue ^A.i.i.yardy Fell ftreet. Little Wood 
 
 ftreet. ^ 
 
 Blue Bell j/W. i. Dirty lane. 2. Petty 
 
 France, Weftminfter. ^ 
 Blue Bear ^Z/^^. i. Blackman ftreet. * 
 
 2. Field lane. ^ 3, White ftreet. ^ 
 Blue Bear <:(?z^r/, i. Canon ftreet. * 
 
 2. Chick lane. * 3. Friday ftreet. ^ 
 
 4. Rofemary lane. 
 Blue BoAR^^r^. i. Field lane, Holborn.^ 
 
 2. Great Ruflel ftreet. * 
 Blue Boar Head yard^ King's ftreet^ 
 
 Weftminfter. 
 Blue Boar Inn yard, Whitechapel. * 
 Blue Boar's Head alky. i. Barbican. 
 
 2. White ftreet.^ 
 
 ^Blue 
 
BOA 
 
 Blue Boar's Head Inn yard, White- 
 chapel. 
 
 Blue court. Saffron hill. 
 
 Blue Cross Jireet, Hedge lane. Char- 
 ing crofs. 
 
 Blue Gate alley, Whitecrofs ftreet, 
 Southwark.^ 
 
 Blue Gate field. Upper ShadwciL 
 
 Blue Gate Jireet. i. Dirty lane. Black- 
 man ftreet. 2. RatclifF Highway. 
 
 Blue Gate yard. i. Carter s Rents. 2. 
 Eaft Smithfield. 3. Harrow yard. Whiter- 
 chapel. 
 
 Blue Hart courf. Little Bell alley.^^ 
 Blue Maid alley, St. Margaret's hill.^ 
 Blue Post alley. Blue Gate field. 
 Blue yard. Gravel lane. 
 Blunderbuss alley, i . King's Gate ftreet.^ 
 
 2. St. Thomas Apoftles.* 
 Boar alley. Grub ftreet. Fore ftreet."^ 
 Boarded alley, Baldwin's gardens. 
 Boarded e?2try. i. Crutched Friars. 2. 
 
 London wall. 3. Surry ftreet. 
 Boar's Head alley, i . Whitechapel.^ 2. 
 
 White ftreet.^ 
 Boar's Head courf. i. In the Borough.* 
 
 2. Fleet ditch."^ 3 Gracechurch ftreet.* 
 
 4. Grub ftreet.* 
 Boar's Head yard, i . Petticoat lane^. 2. 
 
 Weft Smithfield.* 
 
 Boar's 
 
334 BOO 
 
 Boar's Head In yard. Compter lane, St. 
 
 Margaret's hill.^ 
 BoATBuiLDERs yard. I. Bank fide. 2. 
 
 College ftreet. 
 Bock's alley ^ Wapping wall.-f* 
 Bodd's court, Philip lane, London wall.-f* 
 BoDDiNGTON courfy Cloak lane^Dowgate 
 
 hill* 
 
 Boddy's Bridge yard. Upper Ground. 
 
 Boddy's rentSy Gravel lane.-f- 
 
 Bolt and Tun alley. 1. In the Strand.^ 
 
 2. Whitechapel.* 
 Bolt and Tun court. Fleet ftreet*'* 
 Bolt court. Fleet ftreet. 
 Bond's ftables, by Fetter lane.-!- 
 Bond's jlables yard, near Fetter lane.*|* 
 Bond's Jireet, Piccadilly.'f* 
 Bond's court, Walbrook.-f* 
 Bond's rents. Marigold ftreet, Rotherhith 
 
 walL-f- 
 
 Bond's yard. White Horfe ftreet. Rat- 
 clifF.-f- 
 
 Book's alley, Wapping wall.'f- 
 Booker's ^^r^/^f/^j-, Leadenhall ftreet.'f- 
 Boot alley, i . Abchurch lane.* 2. Grub 
 ftreet. Fore ftreet, Cripplegate.* 3. Kent 
 ftreet, Southwark.* 4. St. James's ftreet, 
 Weftminfter.* 5. Upper Ground ftreet, 
 Southwark.* 
 Boot pajjagey Piccadilly.* 
 
 Boor 
 
BOS 
 
 335 
 
 Boot Jireet. i. Hoxton.* 2. Brick lane, 
 Spitalfields.^- 
 
 Booth Jireet^ Spitalfields.*!- 
 
 Boo TH yard^ Wapping.-f* 
 
 Borough, a ftreet in the borough of 
 Southwark, extending from London 
 bridge to St. Margaret's hill. 
 
 Borough Court. This is a court of 
 record by prefcription, and is held 
 every Monday by the Lord Mayor's 
 fteward, at the hall on St. Margaret s 
 hill, Southwark, where are tried ac- 
 tions for any fum of money, damage, 
 trefpaffes, &c. To this court belong 
 three attornies, who are admitted by 
 the fteward. Maitland. See St. Mar- 
 garet's Hill, 
 
 There are alfo, befides this, three 
 courts leet held in the Borough ; for 
 it contains three liberties or manors, 
 viz. the Great Liberty, the Guildable, 
 and the King's manor, in which are 
 chofen conftables, aleconners, &c. and 
 other bufinefs is dilpatched peculiar 
 to fuch courts. In this neighbourhood 
 court leets are alfo kept at Lambeth, 
 Bermondtey, and Rotherhith. 
 
 Boss alley, i Near Trig ftairs> Thames 
 ftreet. 2. St, Mary hill. 3. Shad 
 Thames, 
 
 Boss 
 
B O T 
 
 Boss court y Peter's hill, . Thames' ftreet. 
 BesyiLL's rentSy George ftreet;, Spital-* 
 fields. -f- 
 
 BosvTLLE court. I. Devoniliire ftreet, 
 Theobald's row.^ 2- Carey ftreet, Lin-^ 
 coin's Inn fields. -f- 
 Bostwick's ^//^j/, Whitechapel.-|- 
 Bos T wick's ftreety Old Gravel lane.-f- 
 8t. Botolph's AlderfgatCy fo denominated 
 from St. Botolph, a monk born in ' 
 Cornwall, is fituated at the fouth eaft 
 corner of Little Britain, and tho' the fire 
 in 1666 did not reach this edifice, 
 it from that time fell into decay, and 
 was great part of it rebuilt in 1757. 
 It is a plain brick edifice with a tower 
 fupported on a kind of arch work, 
 and crowned with an open turret, 
 and its fane. It is a curacy in the 
 patronage of the Dean and Chapter of 
 Weftminfter Abbey ; but is fubjed to 
 the Bilhop and Archdeacon of London, 
 to whom it pays procuration. 
 ^t. BoTOLPH^s AldgatCj fituated on the 
 eaft fide of Houndfditch, fronting the 
 Minories. The old church efcaped 
 the fire in 1666, and ftood till the 
 year 1741, when it was taken down, and 
 the prefent edifice finiflied in 1744. It 
 is built with brick, and is a plain, mafly, 
 a aad 
 
B O T 
 
 and yet elegant ftrudlure. It confifts of a 
 body of a regular £hape, and a lofty 
 and well proportioned fteeple, formed 
 of a tower and fpire. Its greateft 
 ornament is a bold ruftic with which 
 it is ftrengthened at the corners. This 
 church is a curacy, and the im- 
 propriation is held in fee of the 
 Crown. The Curate, belides other 
 confiderable advantages, receives 40 ol. 
 a year by tithes. Newc. Rep. Ecclef. 
 St. Botolpk's Billingfgatey a redlory, the 
 church whereof formerly ftcod oppolite 
 to Botolph lane, in Thames ftreet, in 
 Billinglgate ward ; but being deftroyed 
 by the fire of London, and not re- 
 built, the parifh was by a6t of parlia- 
 ment annexed to St. George's Botolph 
 lane. 
 
 ^ St. Botolph's Bijhopfgatej oppofite the 
 north end of Houndfditch. The old 
 church efcaping the general conflagra- 
 tion in 1666, at length fell into de- 
 cay, and the prefent ftrudture was 
 raifed by a6l of parliament, at the 
 expence of the parifh. It is a maffy 
 and fpacious edifice. The body is well 
 built with brick, and well enlightened, 
 and the roof hid by a handfome ba- 
 luftrade. On the infide the roof is 
 VoL.L Z arched. 
 
33S B O T 
 
 arched> except over the galleries, and 
 two rows of Corinthian columns fup- 
 port both the galleries and arch which 
 extends over the body of the church, 
 and is neatly adorned with fret work, 
 from which hang feveral handfome 
 gilt branches. The fteeple, tho' heavy, 
 has an air of magnificence. In the 
 center of the front is a large plain 
 arched window, decorated at a diftance 
 with pilafters of the Doric order. Over 
 this window is a feftoon, and above 
 that an angular pediment ; on each 
 lide is a door crowned with windows, 
 and over thefe odiers of the porthole 
 kind ; above thefe laft rifes a fquare 
 tower crowned with a dome, whofe 
 bafe is circular, and furrounded by a 
 baluftrade in the fame form ; by the 
 fide of which, on the corners of the 
 tower, are placed urns with flames. 
 From this part rifes a feries of coupled 
 Corinthian columns, fupporting other 
 urns like the former, and over them 
 rifes the orgive dome, crowned 
 with a very large vafe with flames. 
 The Author of T'I)e Critical Review 
 fays, that he thinks this fteeple more 
 in tafte than moft about town ; and 
 that the parts of which it is compofed 
 
 are 
 
B O T 
 
 are fimple, beautiful and harmonious. 
 The author of The Englip ArchiteBure^ 
 however, obferves, That the placing of 
 " a window in the middle of the ftreet, 
 where the principal door fhould have 
 been, is an error of the firft magni- 
 tude. The moft unlearned eye muft 
 perceive a ftrange iraperfedion in this, 
 though without knowing what it is ; 
 and there is fomething in the highefl: 
 degree difguftful, at being (hut out by 
 *^ a dead wall at the proper and natural 
 entrance/' But in juftification of the 
 architedl, it may be alledged, that this 
 being the eaft end, he might not be 
 allowed to form a door in the center, 
 where the altar is placed uuder a noble 
 arch beneath the fteeple ; and that 
 much greater improprieties than this are 
 daily feen, from the idle cuftom which 
 has generally prevailed of placing the 
 altat to the eaft in fpight of any incon- 
 veniences it may occafioui as in St. Cle- 
 ment's in the Strand, St. Dunftan's in 
 Fleet ftreet, and many others. This 
 church is a redtory, the patronage of 
 which is in the Blfhop of London. The 
 Reftorj befides other confiderable ad- 
 vantages, receives about 200I. a year by 
 tithes, 
 
 Z 2 Bo- 
 
BOW 
 
 BoTOLPH lane J Little Eaftcheap.^^ 
 BoTOLPH^s alley ^ Botolph lane.4- 
 Botolph's courts Durham yard. 
 Botolph's wharfs 1 haiiies ftreet,4' 
 Bottle alley^ Bifhopfgate ftreet without.* 
 Bottle of hay yard, Illington road.* 
 Bottle yard. Bottle alley.* 
 BouLTON Jlreet, Hyde Park road.-[- 
 Bourne's Ahmhoufe, in Kingfland Road, 
 was erefted in the year 1734, by the 
 company of Framework- knitters, purfu- 
 ant to the will of Thomas Bourne, Efq; 
 who bequeathed to that company loool. 
 to purchafe ground, and ereft a building 
 upon it of twelve rooms, for that num- 
 ber of poor freemen or their widows, 
 and endowed this almshoufe with 2000I. 
 to be laid out in a purchafe of 80 1. a 
 year. 
 
 Bow, a village in Middlefex, a little to the 
 eaft of Mile-end, alfo called Stratford 
 le Bow; is named Bow, from the ftonc 
 arches of its bridge built over the river 
 Lea, by Maud the wife of Henry 1. 
 Irs church built by Henry II. was a 
 chapel of eafe to Stepney; but was 
 lately made parochial. 
 
 This village is inhabited by many 
 whitfters and fcarlet dyers, and here 
 has lately been fet up a large manufac- 
 
 tury 
 
BOW 
 
 tury of porcelain, which is brought to 
 fuch perfedion as to be very little infe- 
 rior to that of China. 
 Bow churchy in Cheapfide. See St. Mary 
 
 LE BOW. 
 
 'Bow chirch yard^ Cheapfide. 
 
 Bow lane. i. Cheapfide, fo named from 
 
 ^the church of St. Mary le Bow, near 
 
 the north weft end of it. 2. New 
 
 Gravel lane. 3. Poplar. 
 Bow roady Mile end, leading to the village 
 
 of Stratford le Bow. 
 Bow Jireet. i. A very handfome ftreet by 
 
 Covent Garden. 2. Long Ditch. 3. St. 
 
 Giles's Broad ftreet. 4. Sutton ftreet, 
 
 Hog lane, Soho. 
 Bowl alley^ St. Saviour's Dock head. 
 Bowl courts Shoreditch. 
 BowL^<^r^, St. Giles's Broadway. 
 Bowling alley, i. Cow Crofs. 2. Dean's 
 
 yard, Weftminfter. 3. Thames ftreet. 
 
 4. Tooley ftreet. 5. Turnmill ftreet. 
 
 6. Whitecrofs ftreet, Cripplegate. 
 Bowling green, i. Bandy Leg walk. 
 
 2. Near Hofpital walk. 
 Bowling green alley, Iloxton. 
 Bowling green paffage^ Queen ftreet, 
 
 Southwark,4- 
 Bowling green Jield^ Blue Maid's alley.4- 
 Bowling green lane^ Bridewell v/alk, 
 
 ClerkenwelL 
 
 Bow- 
 
342 
 
 BOX 
 
 Bowman's cmrt. i* Gardiner's lane, King's 
 ftreet, Weflminfter.'f' 2, Salilbury court. 
 Fleet ftreet.-j- 
 
 BowsoN^s^^/ST^, Quaker's flreet.^f- 
 
 BowYERS, or makers of long and crofs 
 bows, a company by prefcription, but 
 in 1620, tho' the life of bows and 
 arrows were entirely laid afide, they 
 were incorpcjrated by King James L by 
 the name of the Majier^ Wardens^ and 
 Society of the myftery of Bowyers of the 
 city of London. They confift entirely 
 of other trades, and are governed by a 
 Mafter, two Wardens, and twelve Af- 
 fiilants, with thirty Liverymen, who 
 at the time of their admiffion pay a fine 
 of 8 1. Tho' they had form.erly a hall, 
 they have none at prefent. 
 
 Bowyer's mvr/. I. Fenchurch ftreet.^ 2* 
 Monkwell ftreet.-f- 
 
 Bowyer's j^r^/, Wapping,-|- 
 
 Box*s alley^ Wapping walL-l- 
 
 Hoxford's courts New flreet, Shoe lane.^f* 
 
 BoxHiLL, near Darking in Surry, receiv-- 
 ed its name from the box trees planted 
 on the fouth fide of it. by the Earl of 
 Arundel, in the reign of King Charles I. 
 but the north part is covered with yev^s. 
 Upon this hill, which extends in a con- 
 tinued chain into Kent, there is a large 
 V^arren ; and as its top affords a moft 
 
 enchanting 
 
BOY 
 
 enchanting profped:, it Is much fre- 
 quented by the gentry from Epfom, who 
 come to divert themfelves in the laby- 
 rinths formed in thefe delightful groves s 
 and for their accommodation arbours 
 are made, in which refrefhments ©f all 
 Ibrts are fold. The riv^er Mole runs 
 under the foot of this hill, for a quarter 
 of a mile together. 
 
 Boxwood courts New ftreet fquare. 
 
 Boy and Bell aUey^ Brick lane, Spital- 
 fields.^ 
 
 Boyle's Head courts in the Strand.^ 
 Boyle's Lecture, was founded by the 
 Hon. Robert Boyle, who by his laft will 
 left an annual falary of 50 L for fome 
 learned Divine to preach eight fermons 
 in the year, in proof of the chriftian 
 religion, againft Atheifts, Deifts, Pagans, 
 and Mahometans, v/ithout defcending 
 to any controverfies that fubfift among 
 Chriftians. Thefe Lectures to be in 
 the firft Mondays of the months of 
 January, February, March, April, May, 
 September, Odlober, and November. In 
 fuch churches as the Truftees fliould 
 from time to time appoint. This Lec- 
 ture has been carried on by very learned 
 men, and are now generally preached 
 at Bow church in Chenpfide. 
 
 Bra- 
 
344 
 
 B R E 
 
 Brabant courts Philpot lane. 
 Brackle Y y?r^^/, Litton ftreet, Bridge** 
 
 water gardens.-}- 
 Brackley's Barnaby ftreet^f- 
 
 Bradley's alley ^ Queen ftreet.^f- 
 Bradshaw's rents^ Portpool lane.-f- 
 Brand's courts RatclifF Narrow ftreet. 
 Brand's jy^r^, in the Minories,*f' 
 Brandy ^^r^, in the Minories. 
 Brank's j)^^r<^, Nightingale lane.^f* 
 Bratt's rents. Ducking pond row. White- 
 chapel common. 
 Br ay's r^;;/^. Rag fair. -f* 
 Brazen courts Hartfliorn lane, in the 
 Strand. II 
 
 Braze's bridge, St. Olave flreet.f- 
 Brazil warehouse ^(^r<^, Trinity lane. 
 Brazile's m//^, Eaft Smithfield.-j- 
 1^KY.A~D ftreet, Cheapfide, thus named from 
 a bread market kept there before the 
 . fire of London. Maitland, 
 Bread street alley. Bread ftreet hill. 
 Bread street hill^ Thames ftreet. 
 
 End of the First Volume, 
 
UBRARY