SCULPTURED 
 
 STONES OF SCOTLAND. 
 
SCULPTURED 
 
 STONES OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 ABERDEEN: 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE SPALDING CLUB. 
 
 1856 . 
 
THE SPALDING CLUB. 
 
 MAY, 1850. 
 
 fhfroit, 
 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT. 
 
 THE EARL OP ABERDEEN, K.G., IC.T. 
 
 i'itc-^prcsibcnts. 
 
 THE DUKE OP RICHMOND, K.G. ! TIIE EARL OF KINTORE. 
 
 THE DUKE OP SUTHERLAND, K.G. j THE EARL OF SEAFIELD. 
 
 THE LORD SALTOUN. 
 
 ®|c Cotmtil. 
 
 The LORD PROVOST of Aberdeen. 
 
 Sir GEORGE ABERCHOMBY, Bart. 
 
 JOHN ANGUS, Advocate, City Clerk, Aberdeen. 
 
 JOHN HILL BURTON, Advocate, Edinburgh. 
 
 CHARLES CHALMERS of Monkshill. 
 
 The EARL of CAWDOR. 
 
 ARCHIBALD DAVIDSON, Sheriff of Aberdeenshire. 
 
 The EARL of ELLESMERE. 
 
 CHARLES E. DALRYMPLE, Westhall. 
 
 Sir JAMES D. ELPII1NSTONE, Bart. 
 
 The LORD FORBES. 
 
 COLONEL JONATHAN FORBES. 
 
 JAMES GILES, R.S.A., Aberdeen. 
 
 COLONEL GORDON of Cluny. 
 
 JOHN GORDON of Cairubulg, Advocate. 
 
 ROBERT GRANT of Tillyfour. 
 
 GEORGE GRUB, Advocate, Aberdeen. 
 
 COSMO INNES, Advocate, Edinburgh. 
 
 The Right Reverend JAMES KYLE, D.D., Preshome. 
 
 LORD LINDSAIG 
 
 HENRY LIJMSDEN of Auchindoir. 
 
 HUGH LUMSDEN of Pitcaple, Sheriff of Sutherland shire. 
 
 The EARL of NORTHESK. 
 
 Sir JAMES RAMSAY, Bart. 
 
 Captain JOHN RAMSAY of Barra. 
 
 II. A. RHIND, Younger, of Sibster. 
 
 JOSEPH ROBERTSON, General Register House, Edinburgh. 
 
 The Right Reverend WILLIAM SKINNER, D.D., Aberdeen. 
 
 The EARL of SOUTH ESK. 
 
 The Reverend ALEXANDER TAYLOR, D.D., Leochel-Cushnie. 
 
 ALEXANDER THOMSON of Banchory. 
 
 Stntknj. 
 
 JOHN STUART, General Register House, Edinburgh. 
 
 $arni-feamm. 
 
 JOHN BLAIKIE and JOHN LIGERTWOOD, Advocates, Aberdeen. 
 
 Hubitors. 
 
 ALEXANDER DAVIDSON of Desswood ; PROVOST HENRY; ALEXANDER STRONACH, Advocate. 
 
MMMHMR 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 I.—Preface. 
 
 II.—Table of tiie Plates. 
 
 HI —Skeleton Map of Scotland 
 
 IV. —Notices of the Plates. 
 
 V.—The Plates. 
 
 .i-xxvi 
 
 .xxvii 
 
 .xxxi 
 
 . 1-44 
 
 I.—CXXXVIII. 
 
 VI.—Index of the Plates. 
 
may be considered the earliest existing expres¬ 
 sions of the ideas, and the most genuine records of the skill 
 in art, of the early inhabitants of Scotland; but they have 
 ^ been so long neglected, that now, when attention has been 
 awakened to their interest, we find them diminished in number, 
 and, in many cases, mutilated in their form. 
 
 The sculptured or painted tombs of early nations often 
 furnish the only key to their modes of life which we possess ; 
 and these memorial stones, if they may not in all cases be 
 classed with sepulchral records, must yet be considered as remains 
 or the same early time when the rock was the only book in which 
 an author could convey his thoughts, and when history was to be 
 handed down by memorials which should always meet the eye. and 
 prompt the question, “ What mean ye by these stones ? ” * 
 
 The erection of pillars, to commemorate events of various kinds, seems 
 to have been common in all parts of the world, and from the earliest times. 
 
 Many curious illustrations of the early use of pillars occur in the Old Testament. 
 Thus we find that when Kachel died, Jacob “ set a pillar upon her grave ” (Genesis xxxv. 20); 
 and, in the time of Samuel, Rachel’s sepulchre is referred to as a well-known place (1st Sam., 
 x. 2.) Again, when Jacob and Laban made a covenant between themselves, the former “ took 
 a stone, and set it up for a pillar,” and, surrounding it with a cairn of stones, called the place 
 Galeed, or the heap of witness, or Mizpah, which means a beacon or watch-tower (Genesis 
 xxxi. 47, 49), recognising it as a boundary which neither party should overpass. The place 
 seems afterwards to have become the place of rendezvous of the Israelites (Judges x. 17, xx. 1, 
 1st Samuel, vii. 5, 6.) A stone had been erected over Bohan, the son of Reuben, which after¬ 
 wards appears to have been recognised as a boundary (Joshua xv. 6, xviii. 17.) Jacob erected 
 a stone at Bethel for a religious purpose (Genesis xxviii. 18.) Joshua also erected a pillar 
 under an oak for a religious purpose, and as a witness against the people (Joshua xxiv. 26-7.) 
 
 In Scotland, as in other countries, there are to be found many rude unsculptured 
 
 “ Joshua iv. 6. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 “ standing stones,” singly or in circular groups, under both kinds of which sepulchral deposits 
 have frequently been found. Of these some account will be found in the Appendix A. to this 
 Preface. 
 
 It has been supposed that the sculptured standing stones succeeded the rough unhewn 
 obelisks which appear so frequently in Scotland, or, in some cases, that Christian sculptures 
 were put on pillars which had been previously erected. This conjecture, while it is not im¬ 
 probable in itself, would harmonise with the accounts furnished to us of similar monuments 
 elsewhere. 
 
 Dr. Petrie, in his learned work on “ The Round Towers of Ireland,” states that it was 
 not unusual for St. Patrick to dedicate Pagan monuments to the honour of the true God. On 
 one occasion, it is related, on the authority of an ancient life of the Saint, that, on coming to 
 the plain of Magh Selga, near Elphin, he found three pillar stones which had been raised there 
 by the Pagans, either as memorials of events, or for the celebration of Pagan rites, on one of 
 which he inscribed the name Jesus, on another Soter, and on the third Salvator, along, 
 probably, with a cross, such as is seen on the pillar stone at Kilmalkeldar, and on every other 
 Christian monument in Ireland. 1 
 
 In the same way, on two of five upright pillars in the parish of Maroun, Isle of Man, 
 are crosses deeply incised. This spot is traditionally associated with St. Patrick as the place 
 where he preached ; and the stones appear to be remains of a “ Druidioal ” circle. b 
 
 This supposition, that Christian symbols might have been placed on Pagan pillars, 
 would also fall in with many of the principles which governed the early practice of the Church 
 in dealing with Pagans. Thus, in the Epistle of Pope Gregory the Great to the Abbot Mel- 
 litus iu 601, he says, that, after mature deliberation, he lias determined that the temples of the 
 idols in England should not be destroyed, but the idols themselves should be destroyed. 
 These temples were to be converted into Christian Churches, that the people, seeing their 
 temples were not destroyed, might the more familiarly resort to the places to which they had 
 been accustomed: and because they had been used to slaughter many oxen in the sacrifices to 
 devils, it was ordered, that, on the day of the Dedication of the Church, or the Nativities of 
 the Martyrs whose relics were there deposited, the people should be allowed to build them¬ 
 selves huts of the boughs of trees about these churches, and kill cattle to the praise of God in 
 their eating; for there was no doubt that it was impossible to efface everything at once from 
 their obdurate minds, because he who endeavours to ascend to tho highest place, rises by de¬ 
 grees or steps, and not by leaps.' 
 
 Hence we are to explain the mixture of Pagan and Christian symbols which we find on 
 early monuments; and out of the same principle arose the practice of placing Christian 
 churches on sites which had been consecrated, in the estimation of the Pagans, by previous 
 use for their own sacred purposes. 11 
 
 On this subject it has been remarked—“ There can most surely be no reservation re¬ 
 quired in stating, that many of the designs in sculpture and in fresco found in the Catacombs, 
 which have been conceived to be symbols veiling some religious dogma or principle, are noth¬ 
 ing more than adoptions or copies of Pagan personifications and customs by tlioir Christian 
 
 * Petrie, p. 135. 8vo. Dublin, 1845. 
 
 b Notices of " The Stone Crosses of the Isle of Man,” by the Rev. J. 
 G. Gumming, read at the Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of Great 
 Biitain at Shrewsbury in August, 1855. (Shrewsbury Journal, August 
 15, 1855.) 
 
 e Bede, Eccl. Hist., Book I., c. 30. 
 
 d Thus, when the Heathen temple of Rushen was overthrown, a 
 chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was erected on its site. The 
 foundation stone of the Roman temple remained undisturbed; nor was 
 it till 1826, when the foundation of the second Christian Church, erected 
 on the site of St. Mary's Chapel in 1698, was cleared away for the erection 
 
 of a third on the same spot, that it was discovered with its deposit of 
 Roman coins, evidently placed there by Roman hands. (Train’s Hist, 
 of Isle of Man, vol. I.. p. 55.) And in a paper on the “ Primeval An¬ 
 tiquities of the Channel Islands," by Mr. Lukis, when referring to an 
 instance of a Christian chapel now occupying the site of a Pagan temple, 
 he adds',—“ Nor is this a singular instance of these islands, for it may 
 be seen that nearly all the first Christian establishments are near to those 
 places which still retain Druidical remains.” (Arch. Journal, vol. I., p. 
 232.) Several instances of a similar connection between Christian 
 structures and Pagan sites in Scotland will be noticed hereafter. 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Hi 
 
 successors. IIow else are we to interpret the draped fish standing before an altar on which a 
 fire is kindled, and presenting a dish of fruits to a serpent carved on a sarcophagus com- 
 bined with representations of incidents in the New Testament ?” u 
 
 Some authors have, indeed, stated that stone crosses owe their origin to the practice of 
 prctdife- U,d St0n6S With ° r0SSeS ’ <<in 0rdCT t0 ° hange th9 W01 ' Ship without breaking the 
 
 Whatever there may be in this, it is certain that the worship of stones prevailed in 
 England for several centuries after the introduction of Christianity. A law of Canute is di 
 rected against those who worship fire, or rivers, or rocks, or any sort of trees ; • and in a Canon 
 enacted in the time of King Edgar, the remains of Paganism are thus described“ We for¬ 
 bid well worshippings and necromancies and divinations and stone worshippings,” 1 
 
 In France, also, among those whose customs were prohibited at the Council of Tours 
 in the year 567, are specified “ veneratores lapidum.” e 
 
 And it is clear that this primitive custom of erecting stones for purposes of devotion 
 memorials of events, and evidences of facts, was continued in early Christian times, and that 
 such monuments were distinguished by their having a cross inscribed on them. 
 
 The earliest notices which occur in our national histories, touching these Sculptured 
 Monuments of Scotland, serve only to show that their purpose and meaning had been quite 
 forgotten before the time when they were written/ 
 
 The prevailing idea, which seems to have governed both early and late speculations on 
 the subject, was that which assigns their erection to Danish hands, in which it seems often to 
 have been assumed that the Danes erected them indifferently to signalize a victory and to 
 commemorate a defeat. 
 
 According to Boece, King Keutha, who lived about two centuries before the Christian 
 era, “ was the first king amang the Scottis that fand ingine to put nobill men for thair vail 
 yeant dodis in memory, and maid riche sepulturis for the bodyis of thaim that war slane bo 
 Britorns in defence of this realme. Ho commandit als monie hie stanis to be set about the 
 sepulture of every nobil man as was slane be him of Britonis. In memory heirof, sindry of 
 thaim remanis yit in the hielandis, that the pepill may knaw sic men war vailyeant in thair 
 dayis ; throw quhilk it come in use that the sepulturis of nobill men was lialdin in gret reve¬ 
 rence amang the pepill. On thir sepulturis was ingravin imageris of dragonis wolfis and 
 other beistis; for no inventioun of letteris was in tliay dayis to put the deidis of nobil men 
 in memore ” 6 
 
 “Journal of the British Archaeological Association, vol. II., p. 396. 
 
 b Fosbroke Encyclop. of Antiq., vol. I., p. J36. Borlases Cornwall, 
 pp. 162-163. Train’s Isle of Man, vol. II., p. 28. 
 
 0 Wilkin's Leg. Ang. Sax., p. 134, quoted in Archseologia Cam- 
 brensis, vol. I., p. 51. 
 
 d Quoted in Lingard’s Hist, and Antiq. of the Anglo-Saxon Church, 
 vol. I., p. 167. 
 
 ' Arch. Cambr., vol. I., p. 51. 
 
 r It is curious to find some of the early English historians equally at 
 fault in attempting to give an account of sepulchral monuments. 
 William of Malrusbury thus refers to certain early remains at Glas¬ 
 tonbury. “ Willingly would I declare the meaning of these pyramids, 
 which are almost incomprehensible to all, could I but ascertain the 
 truth. These, situated some few feet from the church, borJer on the 
 cemetery of the monks. That which is loftiest and nearest to the church 
 is twenty-eight feet high, and has five stories. The other pyramid is 
 twenty-six feet high, and has four stories, on which are read Kentwin, 
 Hedda the Bishop, and Bregored and Beorward. The meaning of these 
 
 I do not hastily decide, but I shrewdly conjecture, that within, in stone 
 coffins, are contained the bones of those persons whoso names are inscribed 
 without.” (William of Malmsbury, printed for Eng. Hist. Soc. Lond. 
 1840, pp. 33-34. Translation by Giles, pp. 23-4. Lond , 1S47.) The 
 Monk also writes of a pavement in the church at Glastonbury, “ in which 
 may be remarked, on every side, stones designedly interlaid in triangles 
 and squares, and figured with lead, under which, if I believe some 
 sacred enigma to be contained, I do no injustice to religion.” (Ibid.) 
 Another instance of a pyramid over a Saxon tomb occurs in Osbern’s 
 Life of St. Dunstan, where he relates, that, on one occasion, when the 
 Saint was engaged in the solemnities of the altar, the Holy Spirit ap¬ 
 peared in the shape of a dove, which remained above the sacrifice till it 
 was consumed, after which it rested above the tomb of the blessed Odo, 
 which was erected at the south side of the altar in the shape of a pyra¬ 
 mid. (Anglia Sacra, part II., p. 110. Lond., 1691.) 
 
 8 Croniklis of Scotland. The Secund Buke, cap. x. Bellenden’s 
 Translation. Edin. 1821. 
 
PREF A C E. 
 
 Again, in his Treatise of “ The New Maneris and the Auld of Scottis,” he says of the 
 old inhabitants, “ Thay usit the ritis and maneris of Egyptianis," fra quhome thay tuk thair 
 first beginning. In all thair secret besines thay nsit not to writ with common lotteris usit 
 amang othir pepil, but erar with sifars and figuris of beistis maid in maner of letteris; sic as 
 thair opithafis and superscriptioun abone thair sepulturis schawis ; nochtheles this crafty maner 
 of writing be quhat sleuth I can not say is perist; and yet thay have certane letteris propir 
 ; thaimself quhilkis war sum time vulgar and commoun.” 6 
 
 The same story is repeated by Leslie. 0 But Boece, as will be seen afterwards, when he 
 comes to speak of these stones separately, connects them with defeats of the Danes, of which 
 he supposes them to bo the memorials, as does Buchanan, and modern tradition seems to bo 
 merely an echo of this notion, as in the greater number of instances where any tradition exists, 
 they are still called “ Danish Stones.” ' 
 
 With regard to this theory, it may here be noted that Mr. Worsaae, a competent 
 authority, has said “ It is beyond all doubt that these stones cannot be ascribed to the Danish 
 or Norwegian settlers, though several authors have asserted the contrary.”' 
 
 There are many sculptured crosses in the Isle of Man, the style of ornament on which 
 closely resembles that of the Scotch crosses. On some of them are Runic inscriptions, from 
 one of which it appears that Gaut, who, from his name, probably was a Norwegian, “ made 
 this (cross) and all on Man.” Another inscription bears that “(N. N. erocted) this (cross) to 
 his father Ufeig, but Gaut Bjornson made it.” With regard to these, Mr. Worsaae sees' 
 “every reason to conclude that the splendid specimens on Man wore carved by Norwegians 
 who, though they imitated the monuments in vogue in Scotland, frequently allowed their own 
 characteristically fantastic ideas to display themselves in peculiar devices.”-’ From the cha¬ 
 racter of the Runes on those crosses, Professor Munch is inclined to give as their date tho 
 middle or end of the eleventh century. h 
 
 But, as will be noticed at greater length hereafter, much of the ornament on the 
 Scotch crosses was common to other countries at the time when they may be supposed to have 
 been erected; while on none of tho “ Danish ” stones, either in Man or in Scandinavia, do 
 wo find those symbols, “sifars, and figuris of beistis maid in maner of letteris,” which are so 
 frequent on the pillars of Scotland, 
 
 n Tho lute Mr, Cordincr litis endeavoured to explain some of the sym¬ 
 bols on the Scotch stones by supposing them to be Egyptian. See 
 Primaeval Hieroglyphics (“ Remarkable Ruins,” part II., p. 69.) And 
 again, “ Of the cross inscribed on ancient monuments.” Ibid., p. 105. 
 See also in regard to the “ Elephant" under “ Maiden Stone" (part I.» 
 p. 49.) “ Carved Stone at Dyke” (Ibid., p. 85.) 
 
 For more recent ingenious speculation on this subject, reference may 
 be made to a paper read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, during 
 the Session of 1854-5, by Dr. Wise, who, since his return from India, has 
 taken a warm interest in Scotch antiquities, and especially in the sculp¬ 
 tured stones. It would have added force to the suggestions of Dr. Wise, 
 if it could have been shewn that symbols similar to those on Scotland occur 
 on stones in India. The striking similarity of other stone monuments 
 in the East, such as cromlechs, pillars, and circles, to those in Britain 
 is well illustrated in this paper, and also in “ Notes and drawings of 
 some ancient monuments of Asia compared with those of Europe," com¬ 
 municated by Dr. Wise to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and 
 pm fed in their Proceedings, vol. I., p. 154. 
 
 b Croniklis of Scotland, vol. I., pp. Iviii , lib IX. 
 r De Origine Moribus et Rebus Gestis Scotorum, p.88. Romm, 1578. 
 '' For a list of “ Danish Stones" sec Caledonia, vol. I., pp. 4G5-6. 
 Loml. 1807. 
 
 * An account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, 
 and Ireland, by J. J. A. Worsaae, p. 211. Lond. 1852. 
 
 1 Ibid., p. 2S4. 
 
 According to Palgrave there was ample opportunity for such imi¬ 
 tation. In the early part of the tenth century, ho says, “ Indeed the 
 Celtic nations of North Britain, among whom the Scandinavians were 
 implanted, were almost amalgamated into one people with the invaders." 
 The Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth, vol. I., p. 441, 
 quoting Fordun, IV., 24. It may be doubted, however, whether the 
 latter is speaking of anything beyond such fusion as is implied in the 
 temporary union of the Scots, Danes, and Cambrians, against the Anglo- 
 Saxons. There were permanent Norse setthments in Caithness and 
 Sutherland, in Orkney, in Man, and the Western Isles, and hence re¬ 
 sulted alliances and intercourse with the Celtic people of Scotland, which 
 might account for a similarity of style in the arts. 
 
 Reference may be made to Dr Wilson’s Chapter on Scots Scandi¬ 
 navian Relics, where he refers to the crosses in Man as exhibiting dis¬ 
 tinct and abundant traces of Scandinavian influence, though modified 
 both by the arts and faith of the older Celtic population. The Runic 
 inscriptions arc conjoined with the sacred emblem of the Christian faith, 
 and are associated with ornamental accompaniments, some of which are 
 sufficiently common on the sculptured memorials of the Scottish main¬ 
 land and isles, though never found on contemporary monuments of 
 Scandinavia. Prehistoric Annals, p. 537. 
 
 h Memoires dc la Soc. Royale des Antiquaires du Nord, p, 194, 
 1848-49. Copenhagen, 1852. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 v 
 
 But, while it. thus appears that our early historians can furnish us with little informa¬ 
 tion regarding the meaning of the sculptured pillars and crosses, wo are not without authentic 
 record of the existence of the custom of setting up such monuments in the dawn of Christianity 
 in Scotland and other countries. 
 
 Adamnan, in his life of St. Columba, has preserved to us two instances of the erection 
 
 of crosses at Iona. On one occasion Ernan, a friend of St. Columba, who was seized with 
 
 mortal sickness, was desirous of being carried to the Saint before he died ; but when he was 
 still a short distance from him, he expired. Whence, says Adamnan, in that same place, 
 before the gate Canabre, a cross is erected;' On another occasion, St. Columba, shortly before 
 his own death, went out to bless a barn. As he returned, he rested himself by the way, 
 at a spot where a cross, afterwards fixed in a mill stone, was still standing by the way 
 
 side when Adamnan wrote. b But I am uncertain whether, in this case, the cross was erected 
 
 to mark St. Columba s resting-place, or whether the Saint sat down at a spot previously 
 marked by a cross. The passage in St. Adamnan is as follows—“ Ad monasterium rovertens, 
 media rosidet via, in quo loco crux molari postea infixa lapidi hodieque stans in marginc 
 cernitur vise.” 
 
 It also appears that St. Columba, disdaining the luxury of straw, used to lie on a stone, 
 and for a pillow used nothing softer than another stone, which at present, says Adamnan, 
 stands for a title as a monument at his sepulchre. 1 ' 
 
 Simeon of Durham has a chapter “ De Ethelwoldo Episcopo, et cruce lapidea quam 
 fecit. It appears that Ethelwold caused his name to be cut on this cross, which was much 
 ornamented by the labours of the workman, as a memorial of himself, in the same way as 
 some of the Irish crosses appear to have been erected in the lifetime of the person commemo¬ 
 rated. During the times when Lindisfarne was wasted by the Danes, the top of the cross was 
 broken oil', but was afterwards reunited to the stem ; and the cross used always to be carried 
 about with the body of fet. Cuthbert, it being held in reverence by the Northumbrians as a 
 memorial of both these holy men. In the days of Simoon, whose history terminates with the 
 year 101)6, it stood in the cemetery of Durham Cathedral, and may be the one referred to by 
 Lcland as standing at the head of a tomb in the churchyard on the south side of the minster. 
 11 It is a crosso of a 7 foto longe, that hath had an Inscription of diverse Rowes yn it, but the 
 Scripture cannot be red. Some say that this crosso was brought out of the holy Churche 
 Yarde of Lindisfarn Isle.” 1 
 
 Loland also refers to a stone cross which he saw in Cross Street, Oswestry, and which 
 Gough believes to be the cross of St. Oswald, another Northumbrian Saint.' 
 
 When St. Cuthbert withdrew himself from the Monastery of Dull, in Atholl, to a 
 retreat on the mountain of Doilweme, his first work was to rear a great cross of stone. 8 
 
 M e are told, also, that it was a custom with St. Kentigorn to erect a cross in any 
 place where lie had converted the people, or where he had been staying for a time ; and among 
 many others which he put up, his biographer refers specially to one in the city of Glasgow, 
 which was taken from the quarry by order of the Saint, and afterwards, by the united efforts 
 of many men, erected in the Cemetery of the Church of the Holy Trinity, in which his 
 Episcopal throne was set up. Another cross he set up at Locherward (now llorthwick) where 
 ho abode for eight years, and this cross he constructed of sea sand. 11 
 
 " Pinkerton’s Yitte Sanctorum Scotice. Lib. I., cap. 4G, pp. 93 4. 
 b Ibid., p. 180. 
 
 B lbH., p. 181. 
 
 ,l Apud Twysden, p. 7- Loiul. 1652. 
 l ' Itinerary, vol. I., p. 77- 
 
 1 Notice of St. Oswald, read to the Aichcelog. Institute at Shrews¬ 
 bury, August, 1855. 
 
 g Yir Dei cruccm magnam lapidoatn in media montis planicie erexit, 
 et ;ideo in sullime extulit quod nisi per gradus adiri non possit. Libel- 
 liis de Ortu Sancti Cuthbcrti, cap. XXY., Miscellanea Biogrnphica, p. 81. 
 Surtees Society, 1838.) 
 
 h Pinkerton VitEe Snnclor. Scot., pp. 286-7. 
 
R EFAC E. 
 
 At Kilwinning, near the Church, stood a stone cross made with wonderful skill, which 
 St. Wynnin erected in his own lifetime in honour of St. Brigid.” 
 
 There are nearly 150 stones in the present volume. These as will be seen consist either 
 of rude unhewn pillars, oblong dressed slabs having crosses and other figures sculptured on the 
 surface, or (and more rarely) of cruciform pillars with sculpture. In all, about seventy-live 
 have no cross on them. Upwards of forty are fragments, mostly of crosses. 
 
 The class of monuments without crosses is found principally in Aberdeenshire, al¬ 
 though occasional specimens occur in other districts, especially to the north of the Spey 
 On the stones in this class various symbols appear arranged in very different ways. 
 
 One of these symbols, which has sometimes been familiarly called the “ Spectacle Or¬ 
 nament,” consists of two circles connected by cross lines. This figure is often traversed by 
 another resembling the letter Z., consisting of a diagonal line, from each end of which are 
 drawn at right angles other two lines terminating in some sort of ornament, generally a 
 flower. Serpents also occur, and are sometimes pierced by a figure the same as the last. * A 
 crescent frequently appears, sometimes by itself, but, generally, two lines are drawn through 
 it, diverging diagonally from a point below its centre; and these lines terminate in some 
 sort of ornament, generally flowers. The “ Elephant” is an object of frequent occurrence, as 
 also the “ Mirror” and “ Comb.” An arch, in shape somewhat like a horse-shoe, 1 ’ and rather 
 more frequently the fish, are found, and rarely a figure much resembling a fibula, as at Clatt, 
 Lindores, and the churchyard of Kintore. 
 
 The comparative frequency of occurrence of the more ordinary symbols may be stated 
 as follows : — 
 
 Crescents, with Sceptre, 
 Do. without Sceptre, 
 
 Spectacle Ornament, 
 
 Do. with Sceptre, 
 
 Mirror, .... 
 Elephant, 
 
 Comb, .... 
 Arch or Horse-shoe figure, 
 Fish, . . . ” . 
 
 Serpent, 
 
 Do. with Sceptre, . 
 
 .14 
 
 9 
 
 - 43 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 — 30 
 30 
 22 
 17 
 
 7 
 13 
 
 It is deserving of observation, that, while the same symbols perpetually occur on dif— 
 
 a Breviar. Aberd. pars hyernal., fol. 3S-9. Lond. 1S54. 
 b The following entry in the Registrum Aberdonense in the fifteenth 
 century probably refers to a similar stone, “ Thir ar the boundis on my 
 Lord of Athollis syde:—The Stannand Stain rnerkit lik a hors scho and 
 thedyk passand fra the sammyne stain to the burn, and syne beyound the 
 burn to the stripe be west the smedy of Balmany.” (Yol. I., p. 246, 
 Spald. Club.) Our old charters abound in references to standing stones 
 as boundaries, as in the curious bounding Charter of Alexander Cuming, 
 Earl of Buchan, founding an hospital at Turriff in 1272, where several 
 such stones are mentioned. (Ibid., p. 31.) One of the stones, with an 
 arch, is said to have been found in a Piet’s house (Plate XXX.) On one 
 of “ the Standing Stones of Strathbogie," the arcli also is found (Plate 
 CXXXI.) These last stones arc erected iu the market place of the town 
 
 of Huntly, and seem obviously to have formed part of a Circle. They 
 are alluded to in the old ballad of the “Battle of Balrinnes,” where 
 Argyll is made to say— 
 
 “ Besyd all this hie crueltie 
 He said, ere he should cease 
 The standing stonnes of Strathbogie 
 Schould be his palione place.” 
 
 (Scottish Poems of the Sixteenth Century, vol. II., p. 350. Edin. 1801.) 
 Traces of the connection of sculptured stones with “ Druidical” circles, 
 will also be found in the Notices of the Stones at Kintore and Kinnellar. 
 See also Notices of Stones at Auchinlary and Crichie, in the immediate 
 vicinity of “ Druidical” Circles. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 vii 
 
 lereut stones, yet on no two stones is the arrangement the same, which seems to imply a meaning 
 and intention in the arrangement of them. It must also be remarked, that, while the shape and 
 outline of these objects are the same, the filling up and design are very different on different 
 stones. The “ spectacle” ornament, which, on most of the stones in Aberdeenshire, consists 
 merely of two circles in outline connected by transverse lines, becomes on some of those in 
 Forfarshire and Ross-shire quite filled up with ornament; and in these last the upright bar of 
 the sceptre pasess through a loop formed in the line which connects the circles. The 
 “ elephant,” which formerly was merely in outline, becomes covered with interlaced orna¬ 
 ment. The same may be said of the “ crescent” and its “ sceptre,” both of which become orna¬ 
 mented ; and in some instances this figure occurs twice, and in one case, at Rosemarkie 
 (Plates CV. & CVI.) three times on one stone, with a difference in the ornamental design in 
 each case. The mirror also varies. In some cases the surface of this object appears convex, 
 while in others it is rather concave like a shallow patera. 11 Sometimes its surface becomes 
 covered with ornament, when it resembles a circular enamelled ornament mentioned in the 
 Archaeological Journal for 1846. 11 Sometimes it has two handles, or a small circle on each 
 side' when it resembles some ornamental lamps engraved by Montt'auoon: d the sceptre, 
 instead of the dot in the angles which appears in the Aberdeenshire stones,' has an 
 oval figure resembling an eye in each angle/ The crescent, also, is filled with orna¬ 
 ments.* The stones present many instances of priests in their robes with books," and 
 occasionally with remarkable ornaments. 1 At times these have peaked beards and mous¬ 
 taches,' resembling in this point figures on the S.E. cross at Monasterboiee : “ men shoot¬ 
 ing with the bow and arrow, 1 bird-headed human figures," 1 or, at times, beast-headed human 
 figures, as on the cross at Moono Abbey. Ireland; 0 figures in armour on horseback, having 
 the trapping and armour in detail; p men devoured by animals / men seated as if in judge¬ 
 ment; 1 ' historical scenes relative to slaughter/ processions, in one of which a man leads an 
 ox, and is followed by other men in line / in another, several men and oxen; 11 and in a third 
 an ox appears about to be sacrificed ; 1 and here the men are tonsured and carry candles. 
 I he centaur occurs," occasionally dragging branches of trees/ and sometimes carrying battle 
 
 " In the St. Vigeans Stone (plate LXIX.) the surface of the mirror 
 is raised up considerably from the surrounding border—while in another 
 stone at St. Vigeans (plate LXXI.) the surface is concave, and the 
 handle is perforated by a hole. In digging at the Roman station at 
 Chesterford, Essex, a bronze comb was found, as also a patera of the 
 same metal. The handle of the latter is perforated by an oval hole. 
 Both are figured in the Journal of the British Ai dialogical Associa¬ 
 tion, vol. III., pp. 210-11. Metallic mirrors were common amono- 
 the Egyptians and Greeks, and those of the latter, as found in their 
 tombs and in sepultures, were of the battledore form. One in Mont- 
 faufon has the mirror side concave, and the convex one ornamented 
 like a medallion with the head of Nero. Mirrors of glass are spoken 
 of from the thirteenth century, and they at last superseded these of 
 metal. (Fosbroke's Encyclopedia of Antiquities, vol. I., pp. 329-30. 
 Lond. 1843.) Speaking of the symbols on Roman tombs, Mountfaupon 
 says, For the ashes of Hamila Alpionia, a Tirewoman, there is put 
 the image of a mirror. (Ibid., p. 93.) 
 
 b Vol. II., p. 162, where they arc compared with illuminations in the 
 Durham Gospels, written about 686. 
 
 L " As at Monymusk, plate VIII. ; Dyce, plate IX. 
 
 d Vol. V., plate XLII. (Lond., 1723.) 
 
 e As on the stone found in the Don, plate XXXVII. ; and the stone 
 at Inverury, plate CXIII. 
 
 f As at Aberlemno, plate LXXI.; and at Aberlemno, plate 
 LXXIX., where it is a triangular aperture. 
 
 B As at Rosemarkie, plates CV., CVI. ; Cadboll, plate XXV. ; St. 
 Vigeans, plate LXIX. 
 
 h As in plates XVI. at Elgin; XLIII. at Kirriemuir ; LXXXII. at 
 Aldbar ; LXXXVII, at Camuston ; LXXXVIII. at Invergowrie. 
 
 1 As at Invergowrie, LXXXVIII. Dr. Wilson says of this stone 
 that it represents apparently three dignitaries, probably priests, as two 
 of them hold books in their hands. The two outer are adorned with 
 large brooches on their shoulders, while the central, and, perhaps, more 
 important figure, is without them, but wears instead a circular ornament 
 on the lower part ol his garment. Prehist. Ann., p. 523. 
 
 I As at Elgin, plate XVI. 
 
 k O’Neill’s Irish Crosses, part 3, plate XIV. 
 
 1 St. Vigeans, plate LXIX.; Shandwick, plates XXVI., XXVII. 
 
 1,1 As at Kirriemuir, plate XLIII. 
 
 " At Hamilton, CXVIII.; Jordanhill, Cl. 
 
 0 O’Neill, part III., plate XVIII. 
 
 p Kirriemuir, plate XLVI. ; St. Madoes, plate LV. ; Inchbrayock, 
 LXVIII.; Menmuir, XCII. 
 
 q Shandwick, XXVI., XXVII.; Dunfallandy, XLVIII. 
 
 ' Kirriemuir, XLIII.; Dunfallandy, XLVII.; Aldbar, LXXXII. 
 In the latter case, the mirror and comb are on one side, and a sword on 
 the other. 
 
 • Suenos Stone at Forres, plate XVIII., XIX.; Dunkcld, L. 
 
 ' Fowlis Wester, LX. 
 
 II Eassie, XC. 
 
 v St. Vigeans, LXX. 
 
 " Maiden Stone, plate II. 
 
 * Meigle, LXXIV. ; Aberlemno, LXXX. 
 
PEEFAC E. 
 
 axes/ -V chariot and horse are at Moigle, '• similar to one on the Tuam cross. 1 A single 
 specimen of a boat appears on St. Orland's stone;' and tlioro are specimens of monkeys, 1 
 which also occur on Irish crosses,' and asses.' Lions, leopards, deer, and beasts of chase 
 occur frequently. A scene, probably designed to represent the Temptation, occurs at Farnell.' 1 
 
 The distribution of the stones into districts, with their classification, may be thus 
 stated: —Of thirty-nine stones botweon the rivers Dec and Spey, thirty-one are incised pillars 
 with symbols, six are slabs, having crosses along with the symbols. There is one incised slab 
 with the cross, but without symbols, besides the pillar at Newton, on which are incised letters 
 only, and one at Rhynie, having the figure of a man incised on it. On these monuments the 
 figures are in outline ; and the stones, which are of granite and whinstone, are generally un¬ 
 dressed blocks. A few of them however, are squared slabs of granite, as the Maiden Stone 
 on which the cross is sculptured as elaborately as on the Forfarshire crosses ; and the same 
 may be said of the crosses at Dyce, Monvmusk, and Aboyne. 
 
 In the country to the north of the Spey there arc twenty-nine stones, of which thirteen 
 are blocks with incised symbols: six have crosses without symbols, and eight have crosses 
 with symbols. Besides these, there are seventeen fragments, mostly of crosses, in this district, 
 of which about a dozen occur at Drainio. 
 
 In the country between the Dee and the Forth there aro sixty-two stones, besides 
 about twenty fragments, mostly of crosses. Among these there only occur eleven of the rude 
 incised pillars. Thirty-nine dressed slabs have crosses on their surface, and about one-lialf 
 of them have symbols also. Here the material is principally of sandstone. 
 
 There is a marked difference in the style of those from the Aberdeenshire pillars, 
 partly, perhaps, resulting from ihe softer material used, although, as has been remarked above, 
 there are ornamented specimens which show that the workmen could cope with the difficulties 
 of the granite, lint the stones in the district now referred to, even where they have the sym¬ 
 bols, have them mixed up with other scenes, as of hunting or religion, and they are generally 
 jostled into a corner. On some occasions, while all the other parts of the stone aro in relief, 
 the symbols are incisedand at times the cross is in relief on one side of the stone, and the 
 whole symbols on the other side are incised.-' 
 
 In the district to the south of the Forth there is one incised fragment at Edinburgh 
 with symbols, and on a rook in Galloway they again occur. In this district there are six 
 crosses and several fragments of crosses, some of them having figures of men and animals, but 
 all without symbols. 
 
 It thus appears, that, in the country between the Dee and the Spey, almost the whole 
 of the monuments consist of rude blocks, having the symbols simply incised on one side, and 
 having the pillar at Newton, with its mysterious inscriptions, in the centre of the district. 
 On either side of this country the majority of the pillars are of dressed sandstone, having 
 sculptured on them decorated crosses, together with scenes relating to the religion, warfare, 
 and sports of those by whom they were erected, which, to patient inquiry and comparison 
 may suggest a key to some of the habits and opinions of tile inhabitants of Scotland in ancient 
 times. 
 
 It has been remarked that the symbols occur more rarely and with little prominence 
 on stones between the Dee and Tay, and still more rarely and less prominently on stones be- 
 
 ‘GlfimmC I.XXXIV. 
 
 1 Plate LXXVI. 
 
 • O'Neil, part II. plate XIII, 
 
 J Plate LX XXV. 
 e S‘. Andrews, plate LXIII. 
 
 ' As at Ullard, O'Neil, pait II., plate XI 
 
 * Aldbar, LXXXII. 
 h Plate LXXXVI. 
 
 ' As at Aberlemno, plate LXXIX. and partially at Fonloun, plate 
 LX VII. 
 
 1 At Golspie, plate XXXIV. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IX 
 
 tween the Tay and the Forth. Thus on the crosses at Mugdrum, Dupplin, Crieff, Docton 
 Sauchope, Crail, Largo, and St. Andrews, in this latter district, there ‘are no symbols. On 
 the cross at Fowlis 'W ester" the crescent occurs, but small in size and almost unobservable ■ 
 and at Gaslc there is one symbol, which is almost equally obscure from its position amid the” 
 mass of other sculpture. 
 
 The cruciform pillars begin to appear in Angus, as in the case of the Camus stone at 
 Panbride; and between the Tay and the Forth there are three, viz., at Dupplin, Docton, and 
 Mugdrum. 
 
 In the district south of the Forth, the crosses at Barrochan and Hamilton, which are 
 both cruciform, are of a different type as well from the cruciform pillars just alluded to, as 
 from all the others on the east coast. The pillar at Thornhill on the Nith, which has also 
 been cruciform, seems to be of the same family with the celebrated cross at Ruthwell in Dum- 
 fries-shire This last cross, which is unquestionably Anglo-Saxon, has been engraved in the 
 Archseologia Scotica, vol. IV., part II., p. 312, and differs in design and ornamentation from 
 the crosses found on the north side of the Forth. 
 
 With the exception, therefore, of the symbols sculptured on a rock at Anwoth in Gallo¬ 
 way, and on the fragment at Edinburgh, it may be said that these figures have not penetrated 
 to the south of the Forth. 
 
 No cross of the ancient Scottish type, peculiar to the East Coast, is known in the 
 Northumbrian province of Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tweed and this district 
 is almost destitute of so called “ Druidical ” circles, or single “ standing stones.”. 1 ' 
 
 'I he crosses on the West Coast of Scotland do, in some cases, resemble a class of those 
 on the north side of the Forth, but with differences which point them out as productions of 
 another class and age.' 
 
 One stone with symbols has been found in Orkney, 4 (Plata XCVI.), and perhaps one 
 in Shetland. “ The Runic cross at Bressay, in Shetland (Plates XCIV. & XCY.), is different 
 in typo from the crosses on the Mainland. 
 
 I have made this attempt at classification, in the hope that it may suggest to others 
 farther inquiry into the ethnographical history of the people by whom these stones were 
 erected. The kingdom of the Piets of North Britain may be said to have extended from 
 the Forth northwards to Sutherland; and within these limits the greater number of the 
 ancient sculptured stones have been found/ 
 
 If we compare the Scotch crosses with those in Ireland, we shall find many points of 
 resemblance, and yet very marked differences. 
 
 It may be said that almost every ornament which occurs on the crosses of the one 
 country may be traced on those of the other, especially in all the varieties of interlaced knot- 
 work and raised bosses. The stem of the cross in both countries is divided into compart¬ 
 ments, each surrounded with a moulding, and occasionally with a rich border/ 
 
 * ihe fragment at Abercorn, the seat of Triunwines’ Episcopal 
 throne in Saxon times, and that at Inchcolm adjoining it, are within this 
 district, but they merely exhibit features ol’ ornament common to crosses 
 in England, Wales, and Ireland, as well as Scotland. Some fragments 
 at Norham on the Tweed exhibit the usual patterns of interlaced work. 
 b Caledonia, vol. II., p. 209. 
 
 c I am not inclined to regard the elephant on the stone at Ellanmore 
 (plate C.) as of the same type with the symbolical “ Elephant” on the 
 northern stones. 
 
 11 At St. Peter’s Kirk on the Island of South Ronaldshay, opposite 
 and adjacent to the coast of Sutherland. 
 
 c I allude to the stone figured in plate 6 of Hibbert’s Shetland as 
 “ Runic Inscription, Sandness,” where figures occur resembling the 
 
 mirror and the arch or horse shoe figure of the Scotch pillars. A 
 drawing of it will be found on Plate OXXXVIII. 
 
 f Some shadowy iradition of a subdivision of this district into six 
 kingdoms came down to the twelfth century. The first was supposed 
 to extend from the Forth to the Tay; the second from the Tay to the 
 Hilef or Isla; the third from the Isla to the Dee: the fourth from the 
 Dee to the Spey ; the fifth fiom the Spey to Drumalban ; and the sixth 
 comprehended the counties of Moray and Ross, under whichwe should pro¬ 
 bably comprehend Sutherland and Caithness. Caledonia, vol. I., p. 335. 
 
 * I beg to direct the attention of those who may wisjj to investigate 
 the style of ornament on the Scotch stones, to a paper by Mr. Westwood 
 in the Archaeological Journal for December, 1853, on the distinctive 
 character of the various styles of ornamentation employed by the early 
 British, Anglo-Saxon, and Irish artists. 
 
Ill some of tho initial letters in ancient Irish and Saxon manuscripts, the design of the 
 crosses is followed by dividing the long limb into compartments, and filling them \\ itli varieties 
 of the intricate knot-work, and figures of serpents and monsters which occur on the Scotch 
 stones. Specimens of these may be seen in Mr Westwood’s Palmographia Sacra from the Gospels 
 of Macregol, a MS. of the end of the eighth or beginning of the ninth century, the Gospels 
 of MacDurnan, and the Book of Kells, the latter a work believed to be of the fifth or sixth 
 century. A beautiful specimen, of the same type, from a copy of the Gospels of the seventh 
 century, known as the “ Durham Book,” now in the British Museum, will be found in the 
 History of Writing, by Humphreys, plate 10, (Loud. 1853); and in some of the Saxon 
 manuscripts in the Chapter House at Durham,* the ornaments of the initial letters very closely 
 resemble those on the ancient crosses, more especially those of Ireland and Scotland ; and it is 
 very remarkable that the style of ornament found on these ancient remains should be per¬ 
 petuated almost to our own day on tho weapons and personal ornaments of the Scottish High¬ 
 landers^ 
 
 Mr. Petrie also refers to specimens of interlaced work, closely resembling that on the 
 Scotch monuments on the shrine of St. Maidoc or Aidau, first Bishop of Ferns, which he con¬ 
 ceives to be a work not later than of the eighth century.' 
 
 Similar ornaments occur on St. Mura’s Bell, which we may probably ascribe to the 
 ninth century,and, indeed, on much of the ornamented work of the time. 0 
 
 But the crosses in Ireland differ widely from those in Scotland in their construction. 
 The latter, for the most part, are cut on the face of a dressed slab inserted in the ground. 
 Those in Ireland are cruciform in shape, with a halo or circle, which binds the arms and 
 stem together, of which we have only a few Scotch examples. They generally taper to 
 the top, on which a conical cap stone is fixed; and they are inserted in pedestals of stone 
 which are frequently covered with sculpture. The Irish crosses seem mostly to bo found in 
 localities connected with old churches and graveyards. The subjects of the sculpture, be¬ 
 sides the Crucifixion, are generally from Scripture history, such as Adam and Eve with the 
 Tree of Knowledge, the Expulsion from Eden, the Sacrifice of Isaac, the Judgement, &c. • 
 and there is nothing at all resembling the Scotch symbols mixed with them. 
 
 The Welsh crosses also differ in design and construction from those in Scotland. They 
 appear frequently in the shape of a small cross within a circle, set on the top of a lorn* shaft, 
 the latter having at times the interlaced ornaments in compartments. They often have in¬ 
 scriptions, in the Romano-British character, to the memory of the persons for whom they 
 were erected, but they are destitute of anything resembling the symbols of the Scotch crosses. 
 
 The points of resemblance between the Scotch crosses and those on the Isle of Man 
 have been already adverted to. 
 
 It will thus be seen, that, while there are some points common to all the crosses re¬ 
 ferred to as regards the style of the ornaments upon them, yet the Scotch monuments bear 
 most strongly the impress of Irish art, as exhibited on crosses, shrines, and other remains, 
 ranging in point of date from the seventh to the eleventh century. 
 
 Nor is this otherwise than might have been expected, for “all the affinities indi¬ 
 cated by the later and well-defined relics of native art, point to a more intimate intercourse 
 and community of customs and arts between the natives of Scotland and Ireland, than be- 
 
 For the use of a drawing of a page from Cassiodorus Sup. Pialterium 
 (B. II., 30, in the Cntal. MSS., Dunelm.) said to be the work of Vene¬ 
 rable Bede, and certainly of his period, I am indebted to the kindness of 
 i he Reverend Q?orge Ornsby, Fishlake Vicarage, Doncaster, by whom 
 it was made. Here the Royal Psalmist is seated in the centre, sur¬ 
 rounded by u broad rich border of separate compurtments, all filled up 
 with the interlaced ornament and serpentine animals so common on the 
 crosses. 
 
 b Wilson's Prehistoric Annals, p. 504, where modern examples are 
 given. 
 
 c Round Towers of Ireland, p. 336. 
 
 1 Ulster Journal of Archaeology, vol. I., p. 274. 
 c Many specimens of the ornaments on Saxon crosses will be found 
 in the Atchteological Journal, and the Journal of the British Arch eco¬ 
 logical Association, and of those on Welsh crosses in the Archteologia 
 Cambrensis, 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 XI 
 
 tween those of the northern and southern parts of the island of Great Britain.”” While the 
 genial influences of Christianity were imparted to various districts of Scotland through other 
 and earlier missions, yet to that of St. Columba and his followers we must attribute the 
 widest range and the most abiding impression. We have seen that in Ireland it was the 
 custom of St. Patrick to consecrate the pillar stones of the heathen to Christian uses, and the 
 erection of crosses seems to have followed. 
 
 The purposes intended by their erection probably wore various. b Crosses were 
 erected as memorials of the founders of churches; and Dr. Petrie supposes, that on occasions, 
 in addition to this purpose, they served as sepulchral monuments of these individuals. 
 
 The erection of crosses at Iona, in the time of St. Columba, on various occasions has 
 been noticed, as well as the subsequent conversion into a tombstone of a stone hallowed by 
 his having used it; and it may reasonably be supposed that the feelings, which found their 
 expression in this manner in the sweet solitude of Iona, would issue in similar erections by 
 the followers of St. Columba in other parts of the country. 
 
 It may also be supposed, as has already been suggested, that crosses were erected by 
 the early missionaries in place of the older stones of the native inhabitants, with the view of 
 altering and sanctifying the principles, whatever they were, which had led them to set up 
 their rude pillars. 
 
 If we should suppose that many of our Scotch monuments are sepulchral, and may 
 mark the last resting-place of the most illustrious of our early missionaries, it is easy to under¬ 
 stand how others might wish to be laid near the same spot; how they would come to be fit 
 meeting places for the converts, or be chosen as sites for the wooden church which succeeded. ° 
 
 Cf the stones in the present volume, above sixty have been found in some sort of con¬ 
 nection with ancient ecclesiastical sites; and these again have occasionally succeeded the older 
 circle of stones. Some of them, besides the great Christian symbol of the Cross, have other 
 undoubted Christian symbols, such as the Chalice and Host on the Shandwick stone, which 
 are quite of the same fashion as those found on Christian sepulchral monuments in England 
 of a long posterior date. 
 
 a Wilson’s Prehistoric Annals, p. 467. 
 
 b Besides crosses such as those mentioned in the text, stone crosses, 
 or rather stones marked with crosses, were used generally to denote 
 boundaries of districts and lands, probably coming in place of the hair 
 stones previously in use. (Caledonia, vol. II., pp. 908, 974.) 
 
 They were used even to divide mere crofts of land. Thus one of 
 the boundaries of the Leper’s Croft, near Aberdeen, is described as ex¬ 
 tending “ ad ccrtos lapides crucibus insignitos in terra fixos prope pati- 
 bulum versus oriens.” (Sasine in Aberdeen Burgh Register, 18th 
 July, 1539.) But these were obviously small stones, and of a totally 
 dissimilar character from the crosses in the present volume. And it 
 may be doubted if any cross, which is described as a boundary stone, 
 was anything more than a pillar, with a small cross incised on its 
 surface. The notion that Macduff’s Cross was the boundary between 
 Fife and Strathern is far from probable; and from tho position of the 
 Scotch Crosses, it is impossible to hold that they could have been 
 boundary stones. 
 
 In some cases, jurisdictions were marked by crosses, as in the ease 
 of the Girths at Glasgow, at Lesmahagow and St. Duthac at Tain. 
 (Monuments of Angus. Postscript to Preface, p. 18.) The Girth at 
 Lesmahagow was marked by four crosses around the Priory ; and it 
 would appear that around tho ancient monastery of Dull in Athol 
 similar crosses had been placed. {Muir’s Notes on Remains of Eccle¬ 
 siastical Architecture and Sculptured Memorials, p. 35. Edin. 1855.) 
 
 But these were rude and unornamented, as were those on a mound at 
 Laggangarn, near New Luce, in Galloway. (Ibid., p. 33.) 
 
 In the tower of Aycliffe Church, near Darlington, are two crosses 
 which Air. Surtees believes to be memorials of two ecclesiastical synods, 
 held there in 782 and 789. (Archmological Journal, vol. iii., p. 259.) 
 Crosses were also erected to commemorate events in times long posterior 
 to the date of the crosses in this volume. Thus, when King Malcolm 
 Canmore was slain at Quarrel fiat near Alnwick in 1093, a cross was 
 raised to mark the event. (Gibson’s “ Monastery of Tynemouth," vol. 
 L, p. 33, where it is stated that this cross has been recently replaced 
 by another, bearing the following inscription—“ King Malcolm’s Cross 
 decayed by time, was restored by his descendant, Elizabeth, Duchess 
 of Northumberland, 1774.”) William’s Cross, near Philiphaugh, in 
 Selkirkshire, marks the spot where William Douglas, the knight of 
 Liddisdale, was slain by William, Earl of Douglas, in 1353. (Cale¬ 
 donia, vol. II., p. 973.) 
 
 °In Ireland, and on the West Coast and islands of Scotland, a 
 monastery or church seems, in most cases, to have accompanied or 
 followed the erection of a cross, while more than a half of the Scotch 
 stones are isolated and apart, one reason of which possibly may be 
 sought in the less settled habits and scantier proportion of Christians 
 among the Scotch tribes, in times long anterior to parochial divisions, and 
 when parishes came to be formed, that the feelings which formerly would 
 have led to the erection cf a church on the site of a cross, now yielded 
 to reasons of convenience, or other circumstances. 
 
■ V: , % j Uj j j fcj 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 As with the exception of the Mirror and Comb, no figures, undoubtedly similar to the 
 symbols on the Scotch stones, have been found in other countries, there are no means 
 equally probable for conjecturing as to the origin of them; and the limited range of country to 
 which they are confined, adds greatly to the difficulty of arriving at any satisfactory con¬ 
 clusion. 1 It may be remarked that two circles joined together, forming a figure not unlike 
 the spectacle ornament on the sculptured stones, together with concentric circles, have re¬ 
 cently been found cut out on stones in the wall of a “ Piet’s house” on the island of Papa 
 Westray, Orkney. This house was excavated by James Farrer, Esq., M.P. for South 
 Durham, under the superintendence of George Petrie, Esq., Kirkwall. 1 have seen Mr. 
 Petrie’s drawings of these marks, and he proposes to prepare casts of them, which would be 
 more satisfactory than drawings. Another carved stone, having on it a series of concentric 
 circles, was found in a “ Piet’s house” at Pickaquoy, near Kirkwall, of which a sketch was 
 sent to me by W. H. Fothringham Esq., Kirkwall. Similar figures of concentric circles have 
 been observed on large blocks of stone (probably sepulchral), outside a Hill Fort at Bewick, 
 in Northumberland and also outside the Ilill Fort of Bowten Lynn, in the same county. 
 The occurrence of the symbols on a piece of rock outside the remains of a vitrified fort at 
 Anwoth must be kept in view, together with the close connection which subsisted between the 
 British strengths and sepulchral tumuli,“ and the frequent occurrence of graves in the Pictish 
 broughs.' Some of the figures at Papa Westray resemble carvings on stones in the great 
 mound or cairn at New Grange, in the county of Meath, some of the stones of which “exhibit 
 a profusion of ornamental design, consisting of spiral, lozenge, and zig-zag work, such as is 
 usually found upon the torques, urns, weapons, and other remains of Pagan times in Ireland.” 
 (Wakeman’s Arckreologia Idibernica,pp. 21-36, where notices of New Grange and the kindred 
 structures in the neighbourhood will be found.) 
 
 Carvings, similar to those at New Grange and Dowth, have also been discovered on 
 the stones of a sepulchral monument in the small island of Gavr Innis in the Morbihan, 
 Brittany, and of othor three or four Cromlechs in the same department. Drawings of some of 
 these, with an interesting description by Mr I. W. Lukis, will be found in the Journal of the 
 British Archseological Association, vol. iii., p. 269. 
 
 The carvings on stones in a Cromlech at Locmariaker in Brittany being one of those 
 just referred to, have been described by M. de Penhouet in his Archeologio Armoricaine, and 
 are said to consist of the circle (single and concentric), the horse shoe, the branch of a tree, 
 and a harp. (Arclimologia, vol. xxv., p. 233.) Some of these symbols would seem to be the 
 same as those on our Scotch stones, but as I have not been able to see drawings of them, I 
 cannot speak with confidence on the subject. It may also be remarked that the sculptured 
 slab at High Auchinlary in Galloway (Plate CXXII.), shows many concentric circles and 
 
 11 The mirror and comb appear, it is said, on the monuments of ruuny 
 countries. Dr. Maitland found au inscription in the Catacombs at 
 Rome to a female named Veneiua, beneath which appeared a mirror, 
 comb, and scissors, being, as he conceived, the emblems of her trade 
 (quoted in Dr. Wilson's Prehist. Ann., p. 500.) Lord Aberdeen has in 
 his collections two marble slabs, found near to Amyclre m Greece, on 
 which are sculptured various articles of female dress or ornament, combs, 
 bodkins, slippers, mirrors, and paint -boxes. In the centre of each is the 
 representation of a patera with inscriptions, one of them apparently to a 
 priestess. (Lord Aberdeen's Remarks on the Amyclean Marbles, in 
 “ Memoirs relating to European and Asiatic Turkey, and other countries 
 of the East,” by Robert Walpole, M A. London, 1818.; A solitary 
 instance of the use of these symbols in Scotland in comparatively recent 
 times will be found on the tomb of the Prioress Anna at Iona, dated in 
 1543. (Gruham's Antiquities of Iona, plate 45. London, 1850.) 
 
 On the coped lid of a cotlin, supposed to be of the tenth ceutury, dis¬ 
 
 covered at Bakewell, in Derbyshire, in 1841, there is the figure of an 
 elephant, with other grotesque creatures ; but it may be doubted if it be 
 of the same typo as the “ elephant” on the Scotch pillars, and as it has 
 none of the concomitants of that figure on the latter class of monuments, 
 we can hardly suppose that it had the same meaning. (Boutell’s Christ 
 Monum., p. 12) It more resembles the “elephant” on the cross at 
 Ellanmore (plate C.), and a creature resembling an elephant on the cross 
 at Moone Abbey, Ireland (O’Neill, part 111.), where the figure, in both 
 cases, is more like that of a real elephant than the unvarying Scotch 
 type, whicn seems to be the result of a traditionary account of the 
 animal. The figures of horses are generally delineated on the Scotch 
 pillars with great spirit, and in the contour and bearing of the men and 
 animals on these pillars, there is a general resemblance to each other 
 which would suggest some common type as the foundation of them. 
 
 11 Caledonia, vol. I., p. 85. 
 
 * Archaeologia, vol. XXXIV., p. 122. 
 
P R EFAC E. 
 
 xiii 
 
 figures, somewhat resembling those at New Grange and at the Cromlechs in Brittany. It 
 seems to have formed the cover of a cist ; and it is possible that the sepulchral symbols on it 
 may have been afterwards developed into the forms of the spectacle ornament, as it is found 
 on the pillars. Sculptured covers of cists, of a similar type, are figured in Dr. Wilson’s Pre¬ 
 historic Annals (pp. 332-34); and a slab was discovered in 1843 covering an urn in a barrow 
 on Bernaldby Moor in Yorkshire, with figures somewhat resembling those on the fragments at 
 Stonehaven on plate XLI. (Archaeological Journal, vol I., p. 412.) 
 
 The result of the investigations made by Mr. Dalrymple and Mr. Jervise, given in the 
 Appendix to the Preface, furnishes examples of sepulchral deposits found under sculptured 
 pillars, as well as under single unsculptured standing stones, and in circles of stones, while 
 other instances of the same sort will be found in the Notices of the Plates. But while, in al¬ 
 most all the circles of stones, such deposits were found, there are several sculptured pillars 
 which gave no trace of such remains. 
 
 1 am inclined to believe that these different classes of monuments were all of a se¬ 
 pulchral nature, while it is likely that they served other ends, which we seem now to have no 
 means of ascertaining. 
 
 The Stone Circles at Crichie and Tuack (Appendix, p. xx), were surrounded by well 
 marked ditches, through which, in the former, two approaches were carried from the outside, 
 as in the case of the gigantic circles of Wiltshire.' 1 
 
 It seems very probable that an examination of the latter would bring to light se¬ 
 pulchral remains, and, if so, we should have evidence of at least one purpose which these 
 wonderful structures served, and this, amid the mass of speculation which the subject has sug¬ 
 gested, would be a great gain. 
 
 The learned Montfaucon did not give more weight to the idea that Stonehenge was a 
 temple than to that of Inigo Jones, that it was “a Roman work of the Tuscan order,” and he 
 had no hesitation in classing it with the funereal monuments of the northern nations.' 1 
 
 The labour bestowed on such monuments, by most of the rude people of old times, is 
 quite remarkable ; and the principle out of which sprung the vast Pyramids of Egypt, and 
 other structures in the East, may have given birth to Stonehenge and Avebury, as it seems 
 plainly to have done to similar circles of a less size elsewhere. 
 
 It seems not improbable that the ornaments occurring on the crosses and other ancient 
 remains, which are common to many countries, may all be traced to the central reservoir of 
 Roman civilization, from which so much of mediseval art must have derived an impression, and 
 that the style of sculpture, along with the knowledge of better things, in various and debased 
 forms, was diffused amid her rude foes by the Mistress of the World. But if the symbols 
 could also be derived from this source, we would naturally expect to find them in other 
 countries which were open to the same influence, whereas we have seen that the reverse of 
 this is the case. 
 
 If, again, the symbols had been Christian ones, then we should certainly have found 
 them in other parts of Christendom as well as in Scotland. 
 
 The only inference which remains seems to be that most of the symbols were peculiar 
 to a people on the north-east coast of Scotland, and were used by them at least partly for 
 
 n The Stone Circles generally deserve a careful investigation, espe¬ 
 cially such as the Circle called “ The Auld Kirk of Tough ” in the 
 parish of that name in Aberdeenshire, and Tillyfourie in the same 
 neighbourhood, where the Circles are surrounded by cairns of stones. 
 (Proceedings of Soc. of Antiq. of Scotland, vol. I., pp. 141-2.) The 
 6ume remark may be made of pillars which are identified in popular 
 
 tradition as monuments of any particular individual, such as “ Luath’s 
 Stone" in the parish of Tough, and “ Laight-Alpine” on the shores of 
 Lochryan in Galloway. 
 
 b Supplement to Antiquity explained, vol. V., chap. v. Translated 
 by Humphreys. London, 1725. 
 
y*'. r 8P>r/V7''>■% 
 
 .-.A? ~ fr~r7~ ;yt 
 
 The Sculptueed Monuments of Scotland have, from time to time, engaged the 
 attention of Archaeologists. Some of them wore engraved by Gordon in the early part of 
 last century, while others were included in the works of Pennant and Cordiner, which ap¬ 
 peared after the middle and towards the end of the century. The engravings'thus furnished, 
 however, were far from satisfactory,—in some cases imperfect, in others fanciful ; nor was it 
 till the appearance of Mr. Chalmers’s 14 Sculptured Stones of Angus” that opportunity was 
 given of forming any correct judgement on the subject. 
 
 That work, however, illustrated a comparatively limited district; and although at the 
 outset it was intended to coniine the present volume to the adjoining districts lying to the 
 north of Angus, yet as it proceeded, and fresh discoveries were made, it was resolved to in¬ 
 clude the whole class of symbol stones in Scotland, as well as all the crosses of the more 
 
 ‘ The appearance of some of the symbols on stones forming parts of 
 “ Druidical ” circles, which has been adverted to, must not be over- 
 iookcl, as, perhaps, indicating something peculiar to the inhabitants; 
 for, although these circles are common in other countries, yet, so far as 
 I am aware, no sculpture has hitherto been observed on the stones of 
 which the)’ are composed. The sepulchral object of these circles is il- 
 
 xiv PREFACE. 
 
 sepulchral monuments.” It seems probable, as has been already suggested, that the early 
 missionaries found them in use among the people of the district, and adopted them for a time, 
 and in a more elaborate shape, on the Christian monuments, on the principle of concession 
 previously referred to. 
 
 Something analagous to this occurred in the East. “ The tombs of the first ages of 
 Christianity aro very curious, because they show the history of the art in its decline. The 
 customs of the lower Empire, the usages of the Pagans, and Mythological symbols, were made 
 to represent the mysteries of their religion and the new allegories that they imagined.” b 
 
 The question will remain—Whence did the inhabitants of the north-east coast of 
 Scotland derive these symbols ? and on that point I can hardly as yet presume to otter an 
 opinion. 
 
 i am glad, however, to preserve here what I think was more than a passing specula¬ 
 tion on this point of my late friend Mr. Chalmers, whose premature death not only deprived 
 me of a much valued friendship, but removed a centre of encouragement and sympathy so 
 diffusive and energetic, that there were few contemporary students of Scottish antiquities who 
 did not come within its genial sphere. 
 
 It is contained in a letter to me, dated 28th October, 1851 :—“ There are other figures 
 on our stones that seem to me quite identical with those on Gnostic gems ; and it is to the 
 study of them, and to the comparison of the symbols of Greek and Egyptian mythology, that 
 I look to the explanation of ours—not that I imagine these to be ante-Christian, neither op¬ 
 posed to Christianity, but as exhibiting some trace of the Heathen notions that naturally 
 enough were mixed up with Christianity in many or most countries.” And again, on 3rd 
 November, 1851, he wrote to me—“ You say you do not see any means of connecting 
 Gnosticism with our Celtic population at the time when these stones were probably erected. 
 When was that ? and by which of the Celtic races ? But what was Gnosticism, at least as 
 connected with Christianity ? Was it anything more, speaking generally, and not of the par¬ 
 ticular school whence it took its name, than a mixture of Paganism (and especially of its 
 emblems) with Christianity—and a very natural mixture—that might, and probably did, at 
 some time or other, prevail more or less wherever Christianity was found ? ” 
 
 lustrated in the Appendix to the Preface; and in estimating the charac¬ 
 ter of the sculptured pillars, it will he well to keep in view that our 
 early writers, as well as subsequent tradition, have, in most cases, cha¬ 
 racterised them as the tombs of great warriors. 
 b Fosbroke's Euc. of Antiq., vol. 1., p. 90. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 xv 
 
 ancient type. With the view of aiding in this design, Mr. Chalmers suggested that the 
 drawings m the “ Sculptured Stones of Angus” should be reduced to the same scale as those 
 in preparation for the Spalding Club, and be included in their collection; and he contri¬ 
 buted, at his own expense, drawings of most of the stones in Fife and Perthshire for the pro¬ 
 posed work. 1 
 
 The design of the present volume has thus been widened, so that it may be said now 
 to include all the known stones with symbols, and the more ancient sculptured crosses of 
 Scotland. 
 
 Since the date of Mr. Chalmers’s work, four monuments have been discovered in 
 Angus, and every other month has added to the previously ascertained list of stones since the 
 present volume was commenced. 
 
 Many of the stones in the present volume were dug out of the ruins of old churches ; 
 and others will doubtless still be recovered from similar remains. 
 
 In the outset of the undertaking I endeavoured to direct attention to the subject, by 
 sending to each parish clergyman in the north of Scotland a circular of inquiries, enclosing a 
 printed return to be filled up by them ; and in a good many cases the requisite information 
 was afforded. Active friends in various districts also interested themselves, and the know¬ 
 ledge. was acquired of many stonos hitherto quite unknown. Thus after I had, on various 
 occasions, resolved to bring the volume to a conclusion, I was induced by new discoveries to 
 extend its limits. It became necessary, also, in various cases, that I should see the stones, to 
 enable me to write intelligbly or accurately regarding them ; and the collection of facts relat¬ 
 ing to the history of monuments so numerous and scattered, led to a wide correspondence, re¬ 
 quiring more time than I originally anticipated. The necessary delay thus caused has enabled 
 me to make the work more complete by including all the fresh discoveries, and by stating the 
 result of excavations made about several monuments.” 
 
 As it appeared to me that considerable light may ultimately be expected to arise from 
 a careful consideration of circumstances connected with the original sites of the stones, every 
 care has been taken in the “ Notices of the Tlates” to specify these where information could 
 be obtained, and to note the cases where the present site is not the original one. Under 
 the same head I have included notices of any early remains which might be supposed to bear- 
 on the subject. 
 
 A skeleton map of Scotland accompanies the Plates, on which each stone in this work 
 
 * In the Notices of the Plates, accounts have been preserved of 
 various pillars which have been destroyed at comparatively recent 
 periods ; and there are several reasons for supposing that the original 
 number of such monuments must have been much greater than what we 
 now know of. Rich as the district between the rivers Dee and Tay still 
 is in such remains, we can trace the disappearance of others in recent 
 times. About the end of last century, several stones were found in the 
 wall of the old church of Marykirk, in Kincardineshire, in the form of 
 a coffin. “ One of them was carved round the edge, had the impression 
 of a large broad-sword suspended at no great distance from the top to 
 the whole length of the stone. Opposite to this sword was engraved a 
 figure of an elliptic form, from which proceeded a lance or spear nearly 
 the same length." (Stut. Acc. of Scot., vol. 18, p. 631. Edin., 1796.) 
 This stone, which seems to have had the crescent and sceptre on it, can¬ 
 not now be found. At Tannadice, in Angus, a stone is mentioned 
 in the same work, vol. 19, p. 376, on which appeared the figure of a 
 man having a loose plaid over his shoulders, snzing, with one hand, the 
 mouth of an animal, by some supposed to be a lion, and by others a wild 
 boar, while, in the other, he brandished a sword. This figure probably 
 has been like that on the stones at Drainie and St. Andrews, but the 
 
 stone has now disappeared. I have quite recently been informed that 
 there is still a sculptured stone used as a bridge at Kettins, in Ano-us ; 
 and I have observed fragments in the wall of the churchyard of Alyth, 
 which seem to be parts of a sculptured cross. 
 
 I may also note, that, on the road from Perth to Huntingtower, 
 there is a mutilated cruciform stone with the figure of our Saviour 
 upon it. 
 
 A stone pillar stands in a garden in the village of Lochwinnoch, “ on 
 which is the effigy of a man on one side, and upon the other side is the 
 effigy of a man riding upon an ass, or quadruped like an ass, with 
 letters and writing upon the same in the old Saxon language.” It 
 formerly stood at Calderhaugh, about a mile west from the village. 
 Before its removal, it was described as “fixed upon a pedestal under¬ 
 ground, commonly called ‘ The Dumb Procter.”’ (Northern Notes and 
 Queries, p. 554. Glasgow, 1854.) 
 
 In the parish of Rutherglen, on the Clyde, was a cross on the top of 
 Crieshill. It was of a hard stone, about ten feet high, and ornamented 
 with various figures. The most remarkable was that of our Saviour 
 riding upon an ass. This monument was destroyed in the time of 
 Charles I. (Stat. Acc. of Lanark, p. 3S3. Edin., 1845.) 
 
xvi PREFACE. 
 
 is laid down, with the view of shewing at a glance the geographical distribution of the monu¬ 
 ments, and their comparative frequency in different districts; and a Table and Index of the 
 Plates have been prepared, for the purpose of facilitating reference to the stones and their 
 various localities. * 
 
 The execution of the drawings was, in the first instance, entrusted to Mr. .Tastresbski, 
 by whom the “ Sculptured Stones of Angus” were drawn, and since his removal to Australia, 
 to Mr. Gibb of Aberdeen. In both cases these gentlemen transferred their drawings to stone, 
 and thereby avoided one considerable source of mistake. On some stones, indeed, the weather¬ 
 worn lines are so faint that they will present different appearances in their details to the same 
 person in different lights, although the general design of the work cannot be matter of doubt. 
 
 In several cases, Mr. Jastresbski’s drawings having been found, on comparison, to be 
 deficient in minute accuracy, apparently from their hasty execution, the figures have been again 
 drawn by Mr. Gibb ; and no pains have been spared to secure accuracy, which, for the present 
 purpose, is of primary importance. 6 Mr. Gibb’s drawings throughout are not only minutely 
 accurate and trustworthy, but that gentleman has imbibed a thorough interest in the subject; 
 and 1 owe to him many intelligent observations and suggestions. 
 
 In the course of preparing this work, which was commenced about five years ago, I 
 have been greatly indebted for information on the subject of it to friends in all parts of Scot¬ 
 land, so numerous, indeed, that I must content myself, for the most part, with this general 
 expression of my sincere gratitude for their kindness. 
 
 I may be pardoned for particularizing Mr. Charles Elphinstone Dalrymple and Mr. 
 Andrew Jervise, to whose valuable services, in digging about various monuments, I have been 
 indebted for the information contained in the Appendix. Nor can I omit to mention Mr. 
 Watt of Kintore, who so ably assisted Mr. Dalrymple in his researches, and who has 
 been the means of rescuing or bringing to notice four or five of the sculptured stones in his 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 To Mr. Muir’s recent work, which I have already quoted, and to that gentleman him¬ 
 self I have been indebted for my knowledge of several crosses. The volume in question con¬ 
 tains by far the most accurate list of sculptured stones and early ecclesiastical remains in 
 Scotland of which we are possessed. 
 
 To Mr. W. F. Skene, W.S., I am obliged for a Sketch Book of his father’s, which con¬ 
 tained drawings and lists of some of the stones, and suggested inquiries for others Through 
 the good offices of Mr. David Laing, I was allowed by Mr. Ilibbert Ware the use of many 
 sketches of stones, made by his father the late Dr. Ilibbert, most of them unfinished, but 
 yet furnishing me with notices of stones of which I might not otherwise have heard. 
 
 “ It will be observed, that, in various districts, there occur groups of 
 the stones with symbols, as at Rhynie, Logie, Inverury, Kintore, and 
 Dyce; and that in the same way the crosses also occur in clusters in 
 certain localities, as at Govun, Meigle, Aberlemno, Kirriemuir, St. 
 Vigeans, and Drainie. It would not be easy to suggest reasons which 
 would account for all these groups ; but, on the supposition that the 
 stones are sepulchral memorials, there are circumstances regarding some 
 of these localities dimly shadowed out as yet, but which may brighten 
 to farther research, tending to show that they were the centres of 
 primitive Christian establishments, and likely to be held in reverence as 
 places of sepulture. 
 
 There are perplexing points connected with the distribution of the 
 stones as to which I am unable to suggest any explanation. Thus, on 
 the line of the Don, in Aberdeenshire, and the adjacent country, there 
 occur, mostly in groups, above twenty of the rude symbolical stones, 
 viz. at Dyce, Kinnellar. Kintore, Inverury, Logie, Newton, Insch, 
 
 Clatt, and Rhynie. This must always have been a rich, and, pro¬ 
 bably, an early settled district. 
 
 But in the more southerly valley of the Dee and neighbouring 
 country, there is only one stone with symbols at Park, and another at 
 Mill of Newton in Cromar; while there is every reason to believe that 
 this district must have been peopled and cultivated in the very dawn 
 of that period, when the wandering tribes began to congregate in fixed 
 localities. Two of that early band of missionaries who came amonc 
 them to plant the Church of Christ, settled on the banks of the 
 Dee, viz., St. Dcvenic and St. Ternan, while various parishes in the 
 d strict were dedicated to others of the same school. The ancient 
 Devana of Ptolemy was close to the Dee, and everything, indeed, com¬ 
 bines to attest the early settlement of the district. 
 
 b Some of the ornamental details on the stone on Plate LX1II., as 
 given by Mr. Jastresbski, are slightly defective, but the general re¬ 
 semblance t<■ the original is close enough. 
 
 "V V'G.J ■ . _ ‘ 
 
PREFACE. xv ii 
 
 The object of the present volume has been to furnish correct representations of the 
 more ancient Sculptured Stones of Scotland, and such a collection of facts regarding their 
 history as may prove a solid ground-work for comparison and farther research. The remarks 
 which have been made in the Preface apply only to our present knowledge of a subject, 
 which, as yet, has not been completely investigated, and on which it is to be hoped that 
 greater attention will be bestowed hereafter, both in the search for additional monuments 
 and in the investigation of all the circumstances, historical or archaeological, which may be 
 supposed to illustrate their original design. 
 
 JOHN STUART. 
 
 Edinburgh, \0th May, 1856. 
 
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Since the Preface was printed, I have been informed by Mr. Jervise that there is a sculptured stone in the church¬ 
 yard of the parish of Scoonie, in f ife, very rude in execution, and with a border ornament not unlike the Ogham 
 characters. Sir John Stuart Forbes has also informed me of a sculptured stone which was found in a wall of the old 
 church of Benholme in the Mearns, on its being taken down in the year 1832. It appears to have had the Spectacle 
 ornament on one of its sides, and to have been used as a slab for supporting two human skeletons in the thickness 
 of the wall. (Stat. Acc. of Kincardineshire, p. 56. Edin., 1845.) 
 
 In “ Notices of the Plates'' the following corrections are to he made 
 
 Pago 17—last foot note. For page 755 read 955. 
 
 ... 23—In the fourth line from the bottom, the cross referred to is in Plate LXXIII., and the additional 
 
 reference to Plate LXXIV. should be deleted. 
 
 ... 25—In the eleventh line from the top, instead of “ crosses” read “ cross and pillar.” 
 
 ... 30—In the twentieth line from the top, for Plate CXXXIII. read Plate CXXXVIII. 
 
 ... 31—first line. For Anworth read Anwoth. 
 
 At page vi. of Preface the number of Stones in the volume is said to be nearly 150. This was written before 
 the Stones at Govan were discovered, as given on Plates 134-5-6-7. The number is now somewhat above 150. 
 
 It may be noted that the parish of Tarbet, in the churchyard of which some fine fragments were found 
 (Plates XXX., XXXVI.) was dedicated to St. Colman, who was also buried at Tarbet. 
 
APPENDIX TO THE PREFACE—A. 
 
 iSoME months ago several cists, containing four large urns full of calcined bones, were dug up in the interior of a 
 “ Druidical circle ” at Tynrich, at Athole. 
 
 At the Blackgate of Pitscandly, in Forfarshire, are two large pillars on the top of an artificial mound. They 
 appear to be the remains of a “ Druidical ” circle.. Under one of these a sepulchral urn was found; and, on lately 
 digging into another part of the same hillock, a piece of sandstone was found about eighteen inches square, on which 
 were rudely incised two concentric circles. 
 
 On a rising ground about half a mile to the east of the town of Alloa, called the Hawkliill, is a large upright 
 block of sandstone, sculptured with a simple cross on both sides. About nine feet on the north side of it, a rude cist 
 was found, constructed of unhewn sandstone, measuring three feet in length, and at each end of the cover, on the 
 under side, a simple cross was cut. The cist contained human bones. (Dr. Wilson’s Prehistoric Aunals, p. 496.) 
 
 <£ The Stone of Morphie,” which gives name to a landed estate in Kincardineshire, is an obelisk of thirteen 
 feet in height above the ground. It was recently thrown down, and under it portions of a skeleton were found. In 
 and near an adjoining field, called “ the sick man’s shade,” an immense number of stone coffins, containing human 
 bones, have been found. (Stat. Acc. of Kincardineshire, p. 282. Edin. 1845.) 
 
 At Killievair, in the parish of Menmuir, in the same county, was a “ Druidical ” circle, of which only one 
 stone now remains, and beside it was found a stone coffin, having an urn enclosed. 1 The “ Stannin’ Stane o’ Ben- 
 shie,” in the parish of Kirriemuir, an obelisk of great size, was demolished by gunpowder about fourteen years ago ; 
 and at a considerable depth below it was found a large urn formed of clay, and containing a quantity of human bones 
 and ashes. b A notice of a singular sepulchral monument, found in the interior of a “ Druidical ” circle near Laxey 
 Bay, Isle of Man, will he found in Train’s “ History of the Isle of Man.” c 
 
 At Lundin, in Fifeshire, are three huge standing stones, near which ancient sepulchres have been found, J 
 
 At Auchencorthie,- in Kincardineshire, are three concentric circles of stones; and there has been dug up be¬ 
 tween the two outer circles, a cistvaen, about three feet long, and one and a half feet wide, containing some ashes. At 
 Barrack, in the parish of New Deer, in Aberdeenshire, a person digging in a “ Druidical” circle discovered an urn full 
 of human bones. 6 
 
 Being desirous of ascertaining the frequency of occurrence of sepulchral deposits in “ Druidical” circles, I was 
 so fortunate as to obtain the valuable services of my friend Charles E. Dalrymple, Esq., in organizing and superin¬ 
 tending a series of excavations in stone circles of various sorts, as well as under isolated pillars ; and, as his accu¬ 
 rate reports present some curious results, I think it well to preserve an abstract of them in this place, while treating 
 of ancient sepulchral memorials. He was much aided in his labours by Mr. Alex. Watt, Kintore. 
 
 » “ Lands of the Lindsays,” p. 263. 
 
 Ibid., p 279. 
 
 « Vol. I., p. 267. 
 
 J Stat. Acc. of Fifeshire, p. 438. Edin. 1845. Sibbald's Fife, p. 329. 
 Cupar, 1803. 
 
 • Caledonia, vol. I., p. 85. 
 
« SS8S SSf "-^5;' v 5 gs 
 
 APPENDIX TO THE PREFACE. 
 
 STONE AND CIRCLE AT CRICHIE. 
 
 I he curious circle at Crichie, in the immediate neighbourhood of the sculptured pillar on Plate X., lias been described 
 in the Notices of the Plates, p. 6. The circle is surrounded by a moat twenty feet wide and six deep, with two entrances 
 of nine feet wide, carried across the moat on the north aud south sides. Originally, the circle had consisted of six 
 stones, besides one in the centre. Of these, two only arc now standing, one on each side of the north entrance to 
 the circle. The other stones were used for building purposes many years ago. Sepulchral deposits were found near 
 the site of all the stones. On digging about one of them standing on the north side, an urn was found inverted, hav¬ 
 ing a small flat stone above it, and another below it, and filled with calcined bones. This urn was about a foot in 
 height, narrowed at the top, and having diagonal lines on the narrow rim for ornament. Near the base of another 
 stone on the same side of the circle, was found, imbedded in clay, a circular cist about nine inches in diameter 
 and a foot deep, filled with calcined bones. This cist was shaped like an urn, and was lined with small stones, 
 evidently broken for the purpose. Close to this pit was found a stone celt, perforated by a hole for the handle, 
 and at a little distance from this, a deposit of calcined bones uninclosed, and somewhat farther to the south an 
 urn. On digging on the south side of the spot where a stone had formerly stood, a small stone cist, nearly 
 square, was found, being about eleven inches by nine, and about sixteen inches deep, with small flat stones at 
 bottom, and half filled with remains of bones. Close to the former site of another stone, now removed, was 
 found an urn of better workmanship than that formerly referred to, about three aud a half inches in width at bot¬ 
 tom, and widening towards the top, where it measured about seven aud a half inches. At the neck, which was 
 narrowed, there arc some traces of ornament of angular pattern, consisting of diagonal lines crossing each other 
 like a St. Andrew’s Cross. It was filled with calcined bones, some of them those of animals. Close to the for¬ 
 mer site of a filth stone was found a circular deposit of bones in a clay bed, without cist or urn. On digging about 
 the spot where a sixth stone had stood, it appeared that a deposit had been buried near it also, about the usual dis¬ 
 tance of one and a half feet from it. This deposit, however, had been disturbed, probably by a tree which had been 
 planted close to it. A stone had stood in the centre of the circle, and a digging at this site brought to light a large 
 underground cairn of stones covering a cist. The cairn was about five aud a half feet in depth, forty-five feet in cir¬ 
 cumference at the surface, and thirty feet at the top. The bottom was paved with large slabs of stone, of which those 
 at the sides overlapped the edges of one large one in the centre, which formed the cover of a cist, three feet eleven 
 inches long by two feet ten inches wide. The cist contained a skull at the west end. At the opposite end were the 
 leg-bones, lying across the cist. In the centre of the cist were some calcined bones. Above the centre of the cairn 
 just below the superincumbent earth, was found a deposit of calcined bones, without any urn or flat stone above or 
 below All the bones found in the circle appeared to be calcined. Those in the urn first referred to appeared to be 
 partly human and partly those of small animals, if not of birds. A human jaw-bone in this urn was uumistakeable 
 —small and delicate, like that of a woman. 
 
 The ground was dug about the sculptured stone at Crichie, but it seemed to have been previously disturbed. 
 Some slabs were found at a little distance from its present site, which might have formed parts of cists. 
 
 CIRCLE AT TUACK, NEAR KINTORE. 
 
 This Circle Is twenty-four feet in diameter, and, as in the case of the circle at Crichie, is surrounded by a trench In 
 tins case, however, there are no entrances to the circle passing through the trench as at Crichie, the trench beiim un¬ 
 broken m its circuit. It is about twelve feet wide. 
 
 There are now six stoues remaining, but at no distant period a cromlech stood in the centre, a flat stone sun- 
 ported by smaller ones. 1 
 
 At the stone which stands on the north-east side of the circle, a scanty deposit of incinerated bones was found in a 
 small round pit about two feet beneath the surface. At the stone on the east side, about two feet below the surface 
 an inverted urn was found, filled with incinerated bones, among which appeared a small fragment of bronze. The 
 urn was about a loot in height, narrow at bottom, and widening till near the top, when it again contracted The con¬ 
 tracted part at. top was ornamented with some rude diagonal scores. At the third stone no remains were found, but it 
 was the site of a rabbit burrow; and Mr. Watt recollected on seeing small pieces of bones which were thrown out by 
 them, and which, probably, formed parts of a deposit. Around the stone standing in the centre of the circle four pits 
 were ^covered three of them containing deposits of incinerated bones, and the fourth a small quantity of charcoal 
 and black mould. At the filth stone a small pit appeared, containing some Mack mould and small bits of charcoal. 
 All the pits were dug down into very hard subsoil, and were from eighteen inches to two feet in depth. 
 
 At the sixth stone an inverted urn was found, having a flat stone upon it, but none below it, filled with incinerated 
 bones, m which were two small fragments of bronze, very brittle, apparently from the action of fire. Close to this 
 another inverted urn was found, having flat stones above and below it, filled witli incinerated bones. This urn men- 
 
APPENDIX TO THE PREFACE. 
 
 xxi 
 
 S uredab° ut fifteen inches in height: the diameter of the base was about five inches; diameter at the widest part be- 
 
 Tif’, <0U1 ' teel1 mclles > diamete '- at ,he ™uth eleven inches. A few chips of stone for support sur- 
 
 Sem we h" rn t' A T 7? “ Sma “ r ° UUd pi ‘ S dug “ th ° 9ubsoU - “ d *e stoucs which covered 
 
 them wcie about eighteen inches below tlie surface. 
 
 urn, T th ° 8 ° Utl ‘ sl ° 1>e ° f , a Httle ll!1 ‘ 011 a d '7 so!L 11 “V b ° remarked that, here as at Crichie, 
 
 woie found at stones standing at the same points in the circle, that is, the two on the north side There are 
 numerous cairns and mounds in the same neighbourhood. 
 
 CIRCLE AT SUNHONEY. 
 
 Tins eirde, m the parish of Midmar is situated on a commanding eminence, from which the ground falls away on all sides, 
 Ihe Lntish Ilill-fort, of the Barmekyn of Edit is about a mile distant towards the north-east. The circle is entire 
 and appears to be slightly raised above the surrounding ground, and consists of twelve stones of the rod granite of the 
 
 "“° pt a ‘° ng " e , CUmbeDt atm l F' a “ d bet "™ n two “Prigit PiUm-s on the south side, which is of a small 
 grained grey granite The pillars are from five to seven feet in height, and the recumbent stone is upwards of six- 
 teen feet m length, about four and a half feet in breadth, and three feet in thickness. 1 
 
 Within the circle there is a flat cairn, about sixty-four feet in diameter, of stones, raised nearly a foot above 
 the rest of the area and going down to the subsoil. In the centre of this cairn, through a part of it eight feet in 
 diameter, were found deposits of incinerated bones, with some charcoal and black mould, but'in no great quantity 
 This part of the cairn differed slightly in construction from the rest, as the stones were not quite so closely packed, and 
 wen, mostly marked with fire _ At the outer circumference of the cairn, on the south side, was found what seemed to 
 have been a deposit of some kind, as concave stones were placed so as to form a circular cist; and some fragments 
 apparently of a rude stone vessel, were found forming part of the enclosure; but everything of animal substance had 
 entirely disappeared. At the foot of several of the pillars, at a depth of from eighteen inches to two feet, flat stones 
 appeared, similar to those which are generally found placed above and under the cinerary urns; but any deposits 
 which may have been inserted had entirely disappeared. The richness of the soil, a deep black loam, might partly 
 account for this. All the soil appeared to have been brought into the circle, and, except in front of the pillars, seemed 
 almost everywhere to cover quantities of stones, though these, except in the centre, were not disposed in a regular 
 cairn The soil seemed also to differ from that on the outside of the circle, in which stones only occur occasionally 
 At the base of the pillars the ground seemed, in various cases, to have been dug down into the subsoil, so as to form 
 a pit about two and a half feet in depth. A ridge of loose stones, like the foundation of a dyke, runs round between 
 the standing stones. Some of the latter had a small semicircular pavement of stones in front of them and they all 
 stood on deposits of middle sized boulder stones. 
 
 CIRCLE, CALLED “ THE STANDING STONES OF RAYNE,” ABERDEENSHIRE. 
 
 Tins circle formerly consisted of twelve stones, of which nine only now remain, and of these, live are overthrown 
 and one strangely displaced. It is nearly sixty feet in diameter, and the stones, which are all of whinstone, are from 
 . to SIX feet 111 height. Each pillar stands on a small cairn of stones sank into the ground. In the centre of the 
 circle, and about two and a half feet below the surface, was found a pear-shaped collection of stones, about nineteen 
 toot long, ton feet broad at the square end, and penetrating about two and a half feet below the surface, and a foot 
 into the subsoil. In the centre of the stones was a circular pit, regularly built, like a draw well, about two feet in 
 diameter at the mouth, and tapering somewhat to tho bottom, which did not reach below the level of the stones In 
 this pit was found a quantity of black mould, incinerated bones, and some hits of charcoal, the whole covered at the 
 mouth with boulder stones. Three fragments of small urns were found burnt quite red, and a small flat square piece 
 of polished stone of a pale green, but evidently broken, and with three holes bored through one of the ends as if to 
 suspend it by. This fragment resembles some ornaments for tho neck, engraved hi Dr. Wilson’s Prehistoric Annals 
 p. 294. Outs.de the pit, at irregular distances round it, and within two feet of it, were small deposits of similar bones’ 
 &c. It is deserving of remark that, on tho 2d May, 1349, William, Bishop of Aberdeen, held a court at “The 
 Standing Stones” of Rayne, at which the King’s Justiciar was present. (Regist. Episc. Aberd., vol. 1 p 79 
 Sp. Club.) 
 

 xxii APPENDIX TO THE PREFACE. 
 
 STONE CIRCLE OF ARDLAIR, PARISH OF KENNETHMONT, AND ADJOINING MOUND. 
 
 This circle stands on the top of a round low hill, now covered with wood, from which, before the ground was planted, 
 a fine view must have been obtained in all directions. It seems originally to have consisted of ten stones, of from four 
 to five and a half feet in height. On the south-west corner is a recumbent stone, about nine feet in length, between 
 two upright pillars. There is a low circular vallum of earth and stones within the circle of stones, probably formed 
 from the soil of the interior of the circle, the level of which is lower than that of the ground outside. This inner 
 circle is not in the centre of the outer one, but is nearer to the south than the north side of the circle. Two stones, 
 each about three feet long, parallel to each other, about three feet apart, at right angles to the great recumbent stone, 
 lie immediately in front of it, their ends touching the inner vallum. Nothing was found in this circle, excepting at a 
 spot on the side of the inner circle, where, about a foot below the surface, were two flat stones, each three feet in 
 length and one foot in breadth, laid together lengthways, with their edges touching, like the ridge of a house. These 
 two stones were of a kind called “ Corecn Stone,” and must have been brought from the Hill of Coreen, about six 
 miles distant. Beneath was a pit, four feet in diameter, and upwards of two feet in depth, about a foot into the 
 subsoil, in which, among the few stones and light open yellow loam with which it was filled nearly to the top, where 
 the mould became black, was found a small quantity of incinerated bones, with the usual deposit of black burnt 
 mould and charcoal. The stones were not marked by fire, nor were there any traces of urns. The soil was of a sort 
 ill adapted for preserving animal remains. 
 
 About twelve yards north-west of the circle is a mound, composed of earth and stones mixed. It is thirty 
 feet in length, ten feet in breadth, and little more than a foot in height above the adjoining surface. In the centre of 
 this cairn, and placed lengthways in it, was found a hole upwards of six feet in length, about three feet in width, and 
 two and a half feet in depth, filled with very rich black loam, mixed with many stones of all sizes, some of them 
 marked by fire. Small quantities of the usual burnt black mould were also found. At the north end of this hole 
 was a large stone, about five feet long, laid across, forming the end of the hole at the surface, while below this stone 
 it was built in with smaller stones. 
 
 CIRCLE ON THE HEIGHTS OF ARDOYNE, ABERDEENSHIRE. 
 
 This circle is on the south side of the nearly level summit of a ridge called “ The Currachs of Ardoyne,” in the parish 
 ot Oyne, which forms, for about a mile, the northern boundary of the valley of the Gadie ; the southern verge being 
 formed by the range of Bennachie. The circle formerly consisted of twelve stones, but seven only now remain. On the 
 south side was a recumbent stone, about eight feet long, five and a half broad, and fifteen inches in thickness between 
 two upright pillars. These three stones were of Bennachie granite, and the labour required to transport them across 
 the valley to the top of the opposite hill must have been great. 3 Only one of the upright pillars now remains, the 
 other having been thrown down and broken; but all the remaining stones are of gneiss, of the kind common to the 
 country, and were probably quarried out of a rocky summit, about fifty yards from their present position. 
 
 On being carefully examined, it was found that this circle contained two concentric circles within it, raised one 
 above the other like steps. The outer one was about a foot above the surface of the ground exterior to it and the 
 inmost circle was raised above it again, but not quite so much, although, from the lapse of time, and the removal of 
 many of the stones which marked these inner circumferences, the original level of the interior one was not so dis- 
 tinctly defined as the outer, the boundary stones of which were a good deal larger. The latter was found to be faced 
 all round with stones, having the outer sides, in most cases, flat, and most of them rising several inches above the sur¬ 
 face, some of them about eighteen inches or more, while they extended two feet under ground. The stones round 
 the edge of the inner circle were much smaller, and not so deeply sunk in the ground. The diameter of the whole 
 circle was eighty-one feet, of the first interior circle sixty-nine feet, and of the inmost sixty-four feet. The only re¬ 
 mains found were a grave in the centre, which measured five and a half feet in length, one foot nine inches in breadth 
 and four feet in depth. It was paved in the bottom with small boulders, on which lay a small quantity of incinerated 
 bones. The earth, for about half the depth, was black loam, and underneath was the same sort of yellow light loam 
 found in the grave at the Piccardy Stone and in the circle at Ardlair, the subsoil being very close and hard. At 
 each end of the grave were found small fragments of an urn, burnt very red; and the grave was filled in with earth, 
 covered with another layer of small boulders, above which was the surface soil and vegetation. The grave lay north¬ 
 east and south-west; and about four feet from the north-east end were found small fragments of another urn, similar 
 in character to those in the grave. Nothing was found near any of the stones, except at the centre one on the north, 
 
 • It appears that the sculptured pillars have frequently been brought from considerable distances, although stones could have been got in the 
 neighbourhood; arid the same remark applies in the ease of many circles. 
 
APPENDIX TO THE PEEFACE. 
 
 xxiii 
 
 where a kind of grave, six feet long, four wide, and two and a half deep, extended inwards, from the foot of the stand¬ 
 ing stone to that of the smaller stones opposite, and in which was a considerable quantity of black burnt stuff and 
 charcoal, mixed with yellow clayey earth, and containing some stones marked with fire. 
 
 At the other side of the summit, anciently called Knockmorgan, and south-east from the circle about a third of 
 a mile, stands a large monolith, about nine feet high. On digging about it nothing was found, nor did the ground 
 appear ever to have been disturbed. 
 
 PILLARS AT AUCHORTHIE, KINCARDINESHIRE. 
 
 Mr. Dalrymple recently dug under two pillars standing on a moor called the “ Campstone Hill,” or the Hill of 
 Auchorthies, on the estate of Cowie, near Stonehaven. On this moor are many cairns of various sorts, and some re¬ 
 markable concentric circles at Auchencorthie are described in Caledonia, vol. I., p. 73. 
 
 The monoliths in question stand about eighty yards apart, nearly east and west from each other. The eastern¬ 
 most is about five and a half feet in height, and the other about a foot higher. The first stands on a cairn raised about 
 a foot above the adjoining surface. At its base on the south side, about six inches below the surface, and under some 
 other stones, was found a thin flat stone about a foot each way, but of irregular shape, and placed horizontally, and 
 precisely of the character of those which were found in other investigations, as covers of urns or deposits of bones. 
 Under this stone was a small pit or hole descending about eighteen inches below the surface, with some small boulders 
 placed in it, mixed with the peculiar light yellow earth so frequently found with deposits. Here no remains were 
 found, except some small pieces of charcoal, but the appearances left no doubt on Mr. Dalrymple’s mind that a deposit 
 had been originally placed there, and that any remains of bonc3 had disappeared from being so near to the surface, 
 and so much exposed to the action of the weather. 
 
 Mr. Dalrymple opened some of the adjoining cairns, in the centre of one of which he found traces of a deposit 
 and fragments of an urn. 
 
 THE NINE STONES OF INVERGOWRIE. 
 
 This is a stone circle in the parish of Invergowrie, near Dundee (referred to in Notices of the Plates, p. 27.) A dig¬ 
 ging was recently made about each stone by Mr. Jervise, without the discovery of any deposit. 
 
 I HAVE mentioned in the “ Notices of the Plates” the results of various diggings about sculptured pillars, executed for 
 me by Mr. Jervise of Brechin. 
 
 It may be satisfactory to give in one or two cases more in detail the appearance of the deposits where these 
 were found. 
 
 ST. ORLAND’S (OR ERLAND’S) STONE, COSSINS—(Plate LXXXV.) 
 
 The most important deposit was found at this stone, which was examined on 21st September, 1855. The workmen 
 began by digging a trench on the east side of the stone, and at the depth of about two feet came upon the subsoil 
 without finding anything; but, on carrying the trench a little farther to the south-west, something resembling a piece 
 of rotten wood made its appearance, which turned out to be part of a human bone in a state of great decay. On pro¬ 
 ceeding in this direction, and at a depth of from ten to fifteen inches, a quantity of thin red sandstone flags, irregular 
 in position and size, came in view. Many of these were broken, and, as the bodies decayed, the stones had been forced 
 into the coffins by the pressure of the earth. On removing the stones of the most easterly of the coffins, many pieces 
 of the skull, arm, and thigh-bones were found, and portions of the vertebras. They were all in a state of great decay, 
 and the coffin, which did not appear to have end stones, was about three feet long. Other two coffins displayed much 
 the same result. In one of them the doubling up of the body was more perceptible than in the others, as under, or 
 rather alongside of the thigh-bones, were those of the legs. 
 
 A fourth grave was much longer than the others, and here the bones were rather more perfect. The skull in 
 this case was also completely filled with earth, and went to pieces on the earth being taken out. Some of the teeth 
 
 G 
 
remained in their sockets, particularly on the right side In this case, also, the leg-bones were found beside those of 
 the thigh, and the bones of the fore arm were found lying beside the humerus, as if the arms had been laid in the 
 attitude of prayer, the bones of the hand being found beside the skull. 
 
 The fifth cist, which was somewhat nearer the surface than the others, was the most entire of the whole the 
 lid being in its original position; but here also the remains were very much decayed, and mixed with earth. It. was 
 evident that the same arrangement as to posture had been observed as in the other cases. 
 
 The soil in which these remains were found is a thin sandy loam, and on it all the remains rested as the cists 
 had no stones in the bottom. The sides and covers of the cists were formed of thin red sandstone flags, quite rude 
 and undressed, varying in thickness from one to three inches, in height from nine inches to a foot, and in length from 
 one to two feet. Two or more stones were used for each side and top, with the exception of the side of one grave and 
 the top of another, where one stone sufficed. The length of the cists was about three feet and a half. The bodies 
 were all laid with their heads towards the west. 
 
 The first cist lay about three feet southwards from the monument, and the others were found to the west of 
 the first, and within a space of twelve feet from it, the third being to the west of the second, and the fourth to the west 
 of the third, but not quite in line. 
 
 Three of the cists were about fifteen inches below the surface, two of them not above ten. The monument 
 itself is sunk from eighteen to twenty-four inches into the ground, and-has no pedestal of stone. 
 
 The boat on this stone contains apparently five figures, corresponding with the number of graves discovered. 
 
 AT MEIGLE. 
 
 The diggings were begun here on the south side of the Cross on Plate LXXIII., and had only gone about twelve 
 inches deep when some thin sandstone flags wore found. They varied from one and a half to two feet in length, 
 and were about a foot in breadth. Underneath the first of these were some pieces of the large bones, such as the 
 humerus, tibia, and thigh bones, in a very decayed state. On removing that stone and the earth which was under it 
 other two or three small flags were found, under which were also some pieces of bones; and the roots of an old tree at 
 some distance had penetrated the hollow of a thigh bone. Other fragments of bones and broken slabs were found about 
 a foot to the west of those just mentioned, and their confused appearance led to the inference that they had been already 
 disturbed. On the west side of the monument a skeleton was found laid at full length, occupying a space of above 
 six feet from the top of the skull to the feet. In this case there was no coffin or cist, except that the head and feet 
 were protected by two small stones laid against each other in the shape of a roof. The feet were under the monu¬ 
 ment, the head towards the west, and the body rested on the original soil. 
 
 Nothing was found at this time in digging at the large Cross on Plates LXXIV. & LXXV. • but Mr. Jervise 
 has recently informed me of his having ascertained, that, in the year 1805, when the Temple road through the church¬ 
 yard ot Meigle was formed, this Cross was dug about,and two cists were found on the north side of the cross and with¬ 
 in a few feet ot it, containing burned bones and pieces of wood. They were about three feet long, and were formed of 
 rude flags. The slab on which the chariot and horse occur (Plate LXXVI., No. 6), was found at the same time at 
 the bottom of the Cross. 
 
 I find also, among Dr. Ilibbert’s Notes, a statement that this slab had been found in connection with a cist. 
 
 THE PICCARDY STONE, INSCH, ABERDEENSHIRE—(Plate VI.) 
 
 This stone was dug about, in the early part of the present year, under the superintendence of Mr. Dalrymple. It 
 was found to stand on a cairn about six feet in diameter, and extending about three feet below the surface. On the 
 south side of the stone, (on which the figures are cut) and distant from it about three feet, was found a grave lying 
 east and west, and about seven feet in length. It lay at a depth of rather more than five feet under the surface*; first 
 six inches of mould, then two and a half feet of loose stones, and below them about two and a half feet of loose 
 loamy sa nd. The sides of the grave went down several feet into a very hard and compact subsoil. The bottom 
 was smooth, flat, and of very hard marly earth, with a mixture of sand. No remains of any sort were dis¬ 
 covered in the grave, nor was there any sign of its ever having been disturbed before. Among the stones at the top 
 was a very small quantity of the usual black mould, and some of the stones were marked by fire, but these appear¬ 
 ances were slight. 
 
 It has been remarked (Notices of the Plates, p. 1.) that near to the “ Newton Stone,” graves were found. 
 1 hey were of a similar description with the present one 
 
 A spot called “ The Piccardy Hough” is on the other side of the Hill of Dunnydeer from this stone. On a 
 lull, about halt a mile to the west of the stone, is a “ Druidical” circle, and others are in the neighbourhood. 
 
APPENDIX TO THE PREFACE. 
 
 xxv 
 
 TIIE CROSS NEAR THORNTON, GLAMMIS—(Plate LXXIII.) 
 
 A digging was made about this stone in the course of last autumn, under the eye of Mr. Jervise, hut without any 
 thing having been discovered. 
 
 THE CROSS NEAR MANSE OF GLAMMIS—(Plate LXX1V.) 
 
 A DIGGING by Mr. Jervise about this stone, in the beginning of the present year, led to a similar result. No trace of 
 deposit appeared. The stone is inserted nearly five feet into the ground, and has no pedestal. 
 
 THE STONE AT BRUCETON—(Plate CXI.) 
 
 It ^ as been mentioned (Notices of the Plates, p. 34.) that several stone coffins have been found in the neighbourhood 
 of this stone. A digging was recently made about it by Dr. Wise and Mr. Jervise, without finding trace of any 
 deposits. 
 
 THE STONE AT KEILLOR—(Plate CXII.) 
 
 This pillar is placed on a tumulus of earth and stones. In it, cists containing human bones have been found at 
 various times. A partial digging, at which I was present in the autumn of 1854, disclosed a cist with bones. 
 
 THE STONE AT DUNNICHEN. 
 
 Since the account of this pillar was written in the Notices to the Plates (p. 28.) Mr. Jervise has informed me that the 
 stone was found in a field called the Cashel or Castle Park. The site is now a quarry, and the flat ground immedi¬ 
 ately south of the terrace, on which stood the sculptured stone, had formed part of Nechtan’s Mere. 
 
 A eist containing bones was found below the pillar. 
 
 STONES AT ABERLEMNO. 
 
 In the autumn of last year Mr. Jervise superintended a digging about the cross (Plates LXXX. and LXXXI.) and 
 the pillar (Plate LXXI., No. 2.) The result as detailed (Notices, p. 25.) showed that both the sites had probably 
 been already searched, and had contained sepulchral deposits. 
 

 TABLE OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Stone. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 County. 
 
 
 of Plates. 
 
 (Preface, page 1) . 
 
 . at Forteviot,. 
 
 . Forteviot, 
 
 Perth. 
 
 
 
 I. ... 
 
 . at Newton* ..... 
 
 . Culsalmond, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 page 1 
 
 II. 
 
 . the Maiden Stone, .... 
 
 Chapel of Gariocli, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 3 
 
 III. & IV. (No. 2) 
 
 . at Logie, ..... 
 
 . Chapel of Garioch, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 4 
 
 IV. (No. 1) . 
 
 at Daviot, ..... 
 
 . Daviot, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 4 
 
 V. . 
 
 . at Mains of Percylow, 
 
 . Clatt, . 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 4 
 
 -- 
 
 . near Church of Clatt, 
 
 . Clatt, . 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 4 
 
 VI. (No. 1) . 
 
 . at Mains of Rhynie, 
 
 . Rhynie, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 4 
 
 _(No. 2) 
 
 . at Insch, ..... 
 
 . Insch, . 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 4 
 
 VII. (Nos. 1 & 2) 
 
 . at Village of Rhynie, 
 
 . Rhynie, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 5 
 
 VIII. (No. 1) 
 
 . at Village of Rhynie, 
 
 . Rhynie, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 5 
 
 _(No. 2) 
 
 . at Monymusk, .... 
 
 . Monymusk, . 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 5 
 
 IX. (No. 1) 
 
 . at Drimmies, ..... 
 
 Inverury, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 5 
 
 — (No. 2) 
 
 . at Church of Dyce, .... 
 
 Dyce, . 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 5 
 
 X. (No. 1) . 
 
 . at Crichie, ..... 
 
 Kintore, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 6 
 
 — (No. 2) . 
 
 . at Church of Kinellar, 
 
 . Kinellar, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 6 
 
 XI. 
 
 . at Old Deer, ..... 
 
 Old Deer, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 6 
 
 XII. (No. 1) 
 
 . at Park, ...... 
 
 . Drumoak, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 6 
 
 _(No. 2) 
 
 . at Mill of Newton, .... 
 
 Logie Coldstone, . 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 7 
 
 XIII. (No. 1) , . 
 
 . at Aboyne,. 
 
 Aboyne, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 7 
 
 _(No. 2) 
 
 . at Church of Tyrie, .... 
 
 . Tyrie, . 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 
 7 
 
 XIV. . 
 
 . at Mortlach, ..... 
 
 . Mortlach, 
 
 Banff, 
 
 
 7 
 
 XV. (No. 1) 
 
 . at Church of Inveravon, . 
 
 . Inveravon, . 
 
 Banff, . 
 
 
 8 
 
 _(No. 2) 
 
 . at Arndilly House, .... 
 
 . Boharni, 
 
 Banff, 
 
 
 S 
 
 XVI. . 
 
 . at Elgin, ...... 
 
 . Elgin, . 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 
 8 
 
 XVII. (No. 1) . 
 
 . at Upper Manbean, .... 
 
 . Elgin, . 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 N3 
 
 at Church of Birnie, 
 
 . Birnie, 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 
 8 
 
 XVIII.-XXI. 
 
 “ Sueno’s Stone,” near Forres, 
 
 . Rafford, 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 
 9 
 
 XXII. & XXIII. 
 
 . at Dyke, now at Brodie, 
 
 . Dyke and Moy 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 
 9 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 . at Glenferness, .... 
 
 . Ardclach, 
 
 Nairn, . 
 
 
 9 
 
 XXV. 
 
 . at Hilton of Cadboll, 
 
 . Fearn, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 
 10 
 
 XXVI. & XXVII. 
 
 . at Shandwick, .... 
 
 . Nigg, . 
 
 Ross, 
 
 
 10 
 
 XXVIII. & XXIX. 
 
 . at Church of Nigg, .... 
 
 ■ Nigg, . 
 
 Ross, 
 
 
 11 
 
 XXX. 
 
 . at Church of Tarbet, 
 
 . Tarbet, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 
 11 
 
 _ . 
 
 . at Thurso Castle, .... 
 
 . Thurso, 
 
 Caithness, 
 
 
 11 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 churchyard of Edderton, . 
 
 . Edderton, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 
 11 
 
 H 
 
xxviii TABLE OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Stone. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 County. 
 
 Notices 
 of Plates 
 
 XXXII (No. 1) . 
 
 at Erlclerton, ...... 
 
 Edderton, 
 
 Boss, 
 
 . page 12 
 
 _(No. 2) 
 
 at Craigton, now at Dunrobin, . 
 
 Golspie, 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 12 
 
 XXXIII. (No. 1) . 
 
 at Clyne Milton, now at Dunrobin. . 
 
 Golspie, 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 12 
 
 — (No. 2) . . 
 
 at Craigton, now at Dunrobin, . 
 
 Golspie, 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 12 
 
 XXXIV. . 
 
 at Church of Golspie, formerly at Craigton, 
 
 Golspie, 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 12 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 at Church of Farr,. 
 
 Farr, . 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 12 
 
 XXXVI. (No. 1) . 
 
 at Church of Kincardine, .... 
 
 Kincardine, . 
 
 Ross, 
 
 12 
 
 (No. 2) . . 
 
 fragments at Church of Tarbet, 
 
 Tarbet, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 12 
 
 XXXVII. (No. 1) 
 
 at Newton (No. 2) .... 
 
 Culsalmond, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 13 
 
 __ (No. 2) . . 
 
 in the river Don, now at Keith hall, . 
 
 Inverury, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 13 
 
 XXXVIII. (No. 1 
 
 at Ivnocknagael, ..... 
 
 Inverness, 
 
 Inverness, 
 
 13 
 
 _(No. 2) 
 
 at Burghead, now at Inverness, 
 
 Duffus, 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 13 
 
 XXXIX. . 
 
 at Church of Dyce (No. 2) 
 
 Dyce, . 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 13 
 
 XL. 
 
 at Ulbster, ...... 
 
 Wick, . 
 
 Caithness, 
 
 14 
 
 XLI. 
 
 fragments at Stonehaven, 
 
 Stonehaven, 
 
 Kincardine, 
 
 14 
 
 XLII. 
 
 at Papa Stronsay, ..... 
 
 Stronsay and Eday 
 
 Orkney, 
 
 14 
 
 ,— 
 
 Church of Birnie, ..... 
 
 Birnie, 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 14 
 
 — 
 
 edges of Maiden Stone, .... 
 
 Chapel of Garioch, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 14 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 at Church of Kirriemuir, . 
 
 Kirriemuir, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 14 
 
 XLI V. 
 
 Ditto, No. 2, 
 
 Kirriemuir, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 14 
 
 XLV. & XLVI. 
 
 Ditto, No. 3, 
 
 Kirriemuir, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 14 
 
 XL VII & XLV III. . 
 
 at Dunfallandy, . 
 
 Logierait, 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 15 
 
 XLIX. 
 
 at Abernethy, ...... 
 
 Abernethy, . 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 15 
 
 — 
 
 at Kingoldrum (No. 1) 
 
 Kingoldrum, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 15 
 
 L. & LI. . 
 
 at Duukeld, ...... 
 
 Dunkeld, 
 
 Perth, 
 
 15 
 
 LI I. 
 
 at Mugdrum, ...... 
 
 Newburgh, . 
 
 Fife, 
 
 16 
 
 LIII. & LIV. . 
 
 at Docton, ...... 
 
 Kinglassie, . 
 
 Fife, 
 
 16 
 
 LV. &LVI. 
 
 at Church of St. Madoe's, 
 
 St. Madoes, 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 16 
 
 LVII. & LVUI. 
 
 at Bankhead, near Dupplin Castle, 
 
 Forteviot, 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 17 
 
 LIX. 
 
 Standing Stone of Sauchope, . 
 
 Crail, . 
 
 Fife, 
 
 17 
 
 LX. 
 
 at Fowlis Wester, ..... 
 
 Fowlis Wester, . 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 17 
 
 LX I. 
 
 at St. Andrews. (No. 1) 
 
 St. Andrews, 
 
 Fife, 
 
 18 
 
 LX II. 
 
 at St. Andrews (No. 2) 
 
 St. Andrews, 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 18 
 
 LX 111. 
 
 Ditto (No. 3) 
 
 St. Andrews, 
 
 Fife, 
 
 18 
 
 LXIV. 
 
 g 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 St. Andrews, 
 
 Fife, 
 
 18 
 
 — 
 
 in Church of Crail, • 
 
 Crail, . 
 
 Fife, 
 
 19 
 
 L X V. 
 
 at Crieff,. 
 
 Crieff, . 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 19 
 
 — 
 
 end of Stone, No. 3, at St. Andrews, 
 
 St. Andrews, 
 
 Fife, 
 
 18 
 
 LX VI. 
 
 at Largo House, ..... 
 
 Lai-go, 
 
 Fife, 
 
 20 
 
 LX VII. 
 
 at Ballutheron, ..... 
 
 Stratlimartine, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 20 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Church of Fordoun, .... 
 
 Fordoun, 
 
 Kincardine, 
 
 20 
 
 LX VIII. 
 
 at Inchbrnyoek (now at Church of Craig) 
 
 Craig, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 20 
 
 LXIX. 
 
 churchyard of St. Vigeans (No. 1) . 
 
 St. Vigeans, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 21 
 
 LXX. 
 
 churchyard of St. Vigeans (No. 2) . 
 
 St. Vigeans, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 21 
 
 LXXI. 
 
 near Church of Aberlemno (No. 1) . 
 
 Aberlemno, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 21 
 
 - ... 
 
 churchyard of St. Vigeans (No. 3) 
 
 St. Vigeans, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 21 
 
 LX XII. 
 
 Church of St. Vigeans, .... 
 
 St. Vigeans, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 21 
 
 - ... 
 
 churchyard of Meigle (Nos. 1 & 2) . 
 
 Meigle, 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 21 
 
 LX XIII. . 
 
 churchyard of Meigle (No. 3) . 
 
 Meigle, 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 22 
 
 LXXIV. & LXXV. . 
 
 churchyard of Meigle (No. 4) . 
 
 Meigle, 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 22 
 
 LX XVI. . 
 
 churchyard of Meigle (Nos. 5 & G) . 
 
 Meigle, . . 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 24 
 
 
TABLE OF THE PLATES. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 Piute. 
 
 Stone. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 County. 
 
 Notices 
 of Plates. 
 
 LX XVII. . 
 
 at Meigle (No. 7) .... 
 
 Meigle, 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 page 24 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Strathmartine, ..... 
 
 Strathmartine, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 24 
 
 LXXVIII.& LXXIX. 
 
 churchyard of Aberlemno (No. 2) 
 
 Aberlemno, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 24 
 
 LXXX. & LXXXT. . 
 
 in a field near church of Aberlemno (No. 3) 
 
 Aberlemno, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 24 
 
 LXXXII. 
 
 in the old Chapel at Aldbar, 
 
 Aberlemno, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 25 
 
 LXXXIII. 
 
 in a wood near Thornton, Glammis (No. 1) 
 
 Glammis, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 25 
 
 LXXXIV. 
 
 near Manse of Glammis (No. 2) 
 
 Glammis, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 26 
 
 LXXX V. 
 
 St. Orland’s Stone at Cossins, . 
 
 Glammis, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 26 
 
 LXXXVI. 
 
 churchyard of Farnell, .... 
 
 Farnell, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 26 
 
 LXXXVII. 
 
 at Camuston, ...... 
 
 Monikie, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 26 
 
 LXXXVIII. 
 
 at Invergowrie (No. 1) 
 
 Lift’ and Benvie, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 27 
 
 LXXX1X. 
 
 wall of Church at Invergotvrie, 
 
 Liff and Benvie, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 28 
 
 — 
 
 Kingoldrum (No. 2) 
 
 Kingoldrum, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 28 
 
 XC. & XCI. 
 
 near the old Church of Eassie, 
 
 Eassie, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 28 
 
 XCII. 
 
 at Duunichen, ...... 
 
 Dunnichen, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 28 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Moniefieth,. 
 
 Moniefieth, . 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 29 
 
 — ... 
 
 churchyard wall at Menmuir, 
 
 Menmuir, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 29 
 
 XCIII. 
 
 Church of Meigle (No. 8) ... 
 
 Meigle, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 30 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Kingoldrum (No. 3) 
 
 Kingoldrum, 
 
 Forfar, , 
 
 28 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Meigle (No. 9). 
 
 Meigle, 
 
 Perth, 
 
 30 
 
 — ... 
 
 fragments at Meigle (Nos. 10, 11, & 12) . 
 
 Meigle, 
 
 Perth, 
 
 30 
 
 XCIV. &XCV. 
 
 at Bressay, ...... 
 
 Bressay, 
 
 Shetland, 
 
 30 
 
 XCVI. 
 
 St, Peter’s Kirk, South Ronaldshay, 
 
 Ronaldshay&Burray Orkney, 
 
 30 
 
 XCVII. 
 
 on a rock at Anwoth, .... 
 
 Anwoth, 
 
 Kirkcudbright, 
 
 31 
 
 XCVIII. & XCIX. . 
 
 at Wood ray, now at Abbotsford, 
 
 Aberlemno, . 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 31 
 
 c . 
 
 on Ellanmore, ...... 
 
 South Knapdale, . 
 
 Argyll, . . 
 
 31 
 
 'Cl. 
 
 at Govan, now at Jordanhill, 
 
 Govan, 
 
 Lanark, 
 
 31 
 
 CII. 
 
 at Lindores, ...... 
 
 Newburgh, . 
 
 Fife, 
 
 32 
 
 — .... 
 
 at Strowan, ...... 
 
 Monivaird&Strowan Perth, . 
 
 32 
 
 cm. & civ. . 
 
 the “ Bore Stone of Gask,” 
 
 Trinity-Gask, 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 32 
 
 CV. & CVI. 
 
 at Rosemarkie (No. 1) 
 
 Rosemarkie, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 33 
 
 evil. & CVIII. 
 
 edges of Stone at Rosemarkie (No. 1) 
 
 Rosemarkie, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 33 
 
 ... 
 
 near Dingwall [Strathpeffer] 
 
 Fodderty, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 33 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Rosemarkie (No. 2) 
 
 Rosemarkie, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 33 
 
 CIX & ex. 
 
 at Kintore (No. 2). 
 
 Kintore, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 33 
 
 — ... 
 
 in churchyard of Kintore (No. ) 
 
 Kintore, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 33 
 
 CXI. 
 
 at Kintore (No. 3) 
 
 Kintore, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 33 
 
 — ... 
 
 the Bruceton Stone, ..... 
 
 Alyth, 
 
 Perth, . 
 
 34 
 
 CXII 
 
 at Keilor, ...... 
 
 Newtyle, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 34 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Dunrobin, ...... 
 
 Golspie, 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 35 
 
 CXIII. 
 
 at Inverury (Nos. 1, 2, & 3)' . 
 
 Inverury, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 35 
 
 CXIV. 
 
 at Inverury (No. 4). 
 
 Inverury, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 35 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Duffus, now at Altyre, near Forres, 
 
 Duffus, 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 35 
 
 CXV. & CXVI. 
 
 at Barrochan, ...... 
 
 Houston & Killalan 
 
 Renfrew, 
 
 35 
 
 CXVII. 
 
 at Stanlie, ...... 
 
 Paisley, 
 
 Renfrew, 
 
 36 
 
 C XVIII. . 
 
 at Hamilton, .... 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Lanark, 
 
 36 
 
 exix. 
 
 at Forteviot, ...... 
 
 Forteviot, 
 
 Perth . 
 
 37 
 
 cxx. 
 
 at Mount Blow House, .... 
 
 Old Kilpatrick, 
 
 Dunbarton, 
 
 37 
 
 CXXI. 
 
 at Thornhill, ...... 
 
 Morton, 
 
 Dumfries, 
 
 37 
 
 CXXII. 
 
 at High Auchinlary, .... 
 
 Anwoth, 
 
 Kirkcudbright, 
 
 38 
 
 • 
 
 at Wigton, ...... 
 
 Wigton, 
 
 Wigton, 
 
 38 
 
TABLE OF THE 
 
 PLATES. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Stone. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 County. 
 
 Notice 
 of Plate 
 
 CXXIII. . 
 
 at High Auchinlary, .... 
 
 Anwoth, 
 
 Kirkcudbright, 
 
 paqe 38 
 
 - • 
 
 at Kirklauch, .... 
 
 Anwoth, 
 
 . Kirkcudbright, 
 
 38 
 
 CXXIV. . 
 
 at Abercromby (Nos. 1, 2, & 3 ) 
 
 Abercromby, 
 
 Fife, 
 
 38 
 
 exxv. 
 
 at Abercromby (Nos. 4 & 5) 
 
 Abercromby, 
 
 . Fife, 
 
 38 
 
 — . 
 
 at Inchcolm, .... 
 
 Aberdour, 
 
 . Fife, 
 
 39 
 
 — . 
 
 Edinburgh, near the Castle, 
 
 St. Cuthbert’s, 
 
 Edinburgh, 
 
 39 
 
 CXXVI. . 
 
 at Benvie,. 
 
 Liff and Benvie, 
 
 . Forfar, . 
 
 39. 
 
 CXXVII. . 
 
 fragments at Meigle (Nos. 13,14,15, 16,17) 
 
 Meigle, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 39 
 
 CXXVIII. 
 
 at Abercorn, .... 
 
 Abercorn, 
 
 . Linlithgow, 
 
 40 
 
 CXXIX. . 
 
 fragments at Drainie (Nos. 11,12,13,14, 15 ) 
 
 Drainie, 
 
 Elgin, . 
 
 40 
 
 exxx. 
 
 fragments at Drainie (1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8,9,10) 
 
 Drainie, 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 40 
 
 CXXXI. . 
 
 at Clyne, . 
 
 Clyne, 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 40 
 
 — ... 
 
 £ ‘ Standing Stone,” Strathbogie, 
 
 Huntly, 
 
 . Aberdeen, 
 
 41 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Inverkeithing (now lost) 
 
 Inverkeithing, 
 
 Fife, 
 
 41 
 
 CXXXII. . 
 
 at Menmuir, ..... 
 
 Menmuir, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 41 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Strathmartine, . . . .. 
 
 Strathmartine, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 41 
 
 — ... 
 
 • at Bourtie, ..... 
 
 Bourtie, 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 41 
 
 — ... 
 
 at Meigle, 
 
 Meigle, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 42 
 
 CXXXIII. 
 
 Silver Ornaments found at Norrie’s Law, . 
 
 Largo, 
 
 Fife, 
 
 42 
 
 CXX XI V.-CXXXVII. 
 
 at Govan, 
 
 Govan, 
 
 Lanark, 
 
 43 
 
 CXXXVIII. 
 
 at Brechin, . 
 
 Brechin, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 43 
 
 — ... 
 
 Strathmartine, ...... 
 
 Strathmartine, 
 
 Forfar, . 
 
 43 
 
 ... 
 
 Sandness, 
 
 Sandness, 
 
 Shetland, 
 
 43 
 
NOTICES O F T H E 
 
 P L A T E 8. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 Tiits inscribed Pillar, as well as the Monument in Plate XXXVII., is now erected near to the Ilouse of 
 Newton, the residence of Alexander Gordon, Esq., in the parish of Culsalmond, a in the district of the Garioch, 
 Aberdeenshire ; but they were both removed from earlier, and, probably, original sites. The former stood 
 on a spot surrounded by wood, close to the present tollgate of Shevack, about a mile south of the House 
 of Newton, and has been removed from this site within the last twenty years. b From its proximity to 
 the Inn and Farm of Pitmachie, it has occasionally been called the Pitmachie Stone.® When the ground on 
 which it stood was in the course of being trenched, several graves were discovered in a sandy ridge near 
 to the stone, in which there was only a little black mould. These graves were described to me as having 
 been made in the hard gravel, without any appearance of flagstones at the sides or elsewhere. The other 
 stone is said to have been placed on the march between the Lands of Rothney and Newton, about half a 
 mile westward from the inscribed pillar, but was removed to the House of Newton upwards of sixty years ago. 
 
 An engraving of the inscribed stone appears in the second edition of Pinkerton’s “ Inquiry into the 
 History of Scotland,” published in 1814, and another was given by Professor Stuart in 1821 in the “ Archteo- 
 logia Scotica,” vol. ii., p. 314. In the advertisement to this edition of his “Inquiry,” Pinkerton speaks of 
 the stone as having been recently discovered, and mentions that, while both had originally stood in the 
 same thicket, “ the one with a serpent is now removed to the adjacent House of Newton.” The inscription 
 on the face of the stone has, at various times, excited curiosity. In the time of General Vallancey, 
 a copy of it was sent for his inspection. The copy, probably, was not made with the exactness neces¬ 
 sary for such purposes, but he nevertheless proposed to read the first two lines of the inscription as 
 “ Gylf Gomarra,” or Prince Gylf, although he professed his inability to proceed farther. Various casts 
 and many rubbings of the stone have since that time been made, but without eliciting any result. More 
 recently, a correct copy of the inscription was submitted to Dr. Mill, late Professor of Divinity in the 
 University of Cambridge, and one of the most profound eastern scholars of recent times. Dr. Mill, at the 
 time of his lamented death, had all but completed a dissertation on the language of the inscription, and an 
 explanation of its meaning. It appeared to him that the inscription was in the Phoenician character, and 
 commemorated a sacrifice. It is to be hoped that this learned dissertation will yet come to light. Its con¬ 
 clusions received confirmation in the Author’s own mind, from the circumstance that he believed he had 
 found all the more unusual forms of the Newton inscription on pottery discovered by Mr. Layard at 
 Babylon. 
 
 Even to unlearned eyes, the remarkable character of this inscription suggests strong resemblances to 
 eastern alphabets: and in the Enchorial alphabet from Persepolis, given in Forster’s “Harmony of Primeval 
 Alphabets,” several of the letters seem identical. Colonel Sykes also thought he could observe an identity 
 between some of the letters of the inscription and those of the ancient Lat Alphabet of the Buddhists. A 
 
 • In this Parish were several circles of stones, one of which anciently 
 stood in the centre of the present churchyard. There was an ancient 
 highway in it, which is still called the Lawrence Road. Three sacred 
 wells were in it—St. Mary’s Well, on the Farm of Colpy, St. Michael’s at 
 Gatcside, and another a little west of the Lady's Causeway. A large 
 
 yearly Fair, called “St. Sair’s Fair," takes its name from St. Serf, who 
 was probably the Patron Saint. 
 
 b The Stone was in its original position when I first visited it in 1835. 
 c Pinkerton’s Inquiry into the History of Scotland, Edin. 181-1, vol. 1. 
 Advertisement, p xiij. 
 
NOTICES OF TIIE PLATES. 
 
 few of the characters boar some resemblance to letters on Welsh inscribed stones, such as that in Anglesea, 
 said to commemorate King Catamanus, which Dr. Petrie believes to be a work of the seventh century, or 
 the Stone of St. Cadfan at Towyn, both of which are figured in the Journal of the Cambrian Archteological 
 Association. 0 
 
 The groups of short lines which are cut on the left edge of the stone, and partially on its surface, are 
 believed to form an inscription in the Ogham character; but of this character little that is satisfactory has 
 as yet been determined. It is one of four Ogham inscriptions now known in Scotland. Of the other three 
 one is in the neighbourhood of the Newton Stone at Logie, the second is at Golspie, in Sutherland, the 
 third at Bressay, in Shetland, and they are all given in the present collection. 
 
 The Pillar is of blue granite. It might almost appear as if part of the surface, containing the two 
 first lines of the inscription, had been chipped off; but the depression, (marked in shade in the drawing), 
 appears to be natural. 
 
 This interesting Pillar was brought under Lord Aberdeen’s notice very soon after the inscription on 
 it w r as first noticed, and his Lordship has been so good as to record his recollections of its appearance at 
 that time in the following letter: 
 
 IIaddo House, 
 
 September 10, 1855. 
 
 My Dear Sir, 
 
 I think it was in the year 1804 that I first saw the Newton Stone, the inscription on 
 which I believe had been discovered by some shepherd boys in the preceding year. The stone, at that 
 time, was situated in a fir plantation, a few paces distant from the high road, and near to the Pitmachie 
 Turnpike. The trees have since been cut down, and the stone removed to the House of Newton. 
 
 It may appear strange that this monument, which had stood exposed for many centuries on an open 
 moor (for the plantation was not more than fifty years old) should not earlier have received more particular 
 attention. b Indeed, this circumstance has led some to imagine that the inscription may be alto»ether of 
 modern date; but for this supposition there can be no real foundation. 
 
 The stone, at the time to which I refer, might have been passed by thousands without the character 
 being at all observed. The rugged surface, and the rude manner in which the letters are inscribed, rendered 
 them little likely to attract notice; and being encrusted with the hard grey lichen, of precisely the same 
 colour as the stone itself, they were, in fact, scarcely distinguishable. 
 
 It may be observed, that the existence of this lichen is an indisputable proof of the antiquity of the 
 inscription ; and it is important to record the appearance of the stone at this time, because, in consequence 
 of the frequent tracings and rubbings off to which the letters have been submitted, they have now entirely 
 lost their ancient surface. 
 
 This monument is probably the most interesting of the sculptured stones discovered in Scotland; and, 
 although it has engaged the attention of various antiquaries and learned men, it has not hitherto received 
 any satisfactory explanation. I hope the authentic publication of the inscription in our transactions may 
 excite the interest of those who are qualified to enter into such enquiries, and may lead to some elucidation 
 of these mysterious characters. 
 
 John Stuart, Esq., 
 
 &c. &c. Ac. 
 
 1 am, my dear Sir, 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 ABERDEEN. 
 
 “ Cambrens., voL I., p. 105, and vol. I., new series, p. 90. 
 l ' 11 “"O' be remarked that tin- Great North Rond bad only been re- 
 Mitly opened, and the turnpike ^nte set down in the vicinity of the 
 
 Stone, the old road having been on the opposite side of the Gndy. Tins 
 circumstance doubtless increased the number of observers, and assisted 
 in bringing the stone into notice.—[Ed.] 
 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 3 
 
 PLATE 11. 
 
 THE MAIDEN STONE. 
 
 Tms Pillar stands in the Parish, of Chapel of Garioch, about half a mile to the North-west of the Church, 
 
 on a ridge which overlooks the fertile valley of the Garioch. It is doubtful to what its name is to be 
 
 attributed, but we may safely reject the modern tradition, about a Maiden of the House of Balquhain, to 
 whose memory it is said to have been erected/ and also the legend which connects it with a Maiden, who, 
 on her bridal day, when she was engaged in baking a quantity of bread, was inveigled into a wager 
 with a stranger, that she would bake a firlot of meal before he would form a road from the bottom 
 to the top of Benachee, or if she failed, she would become his own. Ere her last bannock was ready, the 
 road was made; on seeing which, she fled towards the wood of Pittodrie, pursued by the stranger, who was 
 the great foe of mankind in disguise. He was in the act of seizing her when she was turned into the 
 Maiden Stone, and the part of it which has been broken out of one of the sides, disappeared in the grasp 
 of the demon. 
 
 A paved road which winds in a northerly direction from the fort on the top of the neighbouring hill 
 of Benachee is called the Maiden Causeway,” and is supposed by some, not very probably, to have been a 
 Roman road. 0 
 
 The stone was engraved in Gordon’s “ Itincrarium Septentrionale” (Plate LIX.) by Cordiner in his 
 
 “Romantic Ruins,” and on a smaller scale in the Archceologia Scotiea, vol. II., Plate VI. It is a hard 
 
 granite, but of a coarse grain, and the figures, through exposure, are in some places very indistinct. The 
 three animals above the centaur at the top can only be seen when the light is in a particular direction. 
 In the course of last winter a trench was made round the stone, but no sepulchral remains were found 
 and it was subsequently discovered that the stone had probably been removed a few paces westward from its 
 first site, when the adjoining road was made. As in the case of many other similar pillars, the belief in 
 the country is that the depth of the Maiden Stone below ground is as great as its height above the surface. 
 It was found, however, that it extended only a few feet into the soil, and that it was not placed in a base 
 of stone. The same fact has been observed of some of the Crosses in Forfarshire. 
 
 My late friend Mr, Chalmers of Aldbar, on one occasion wrote me—“ What do you make of your 
 Maiden Stone—I mean as to its name ? 
 
 “ Maoidhean, prayer, intreaty, supplication. 
 
 “ Maduinn, morning. 
 
 “ Meadhon, the midst or centre. 
 
 “Mag. (pronounced Mai) Maidenburgh Castle, or the Castle-hill near Dunstable. May-dun. Burgh, 
 “a Saxon addition. Mag-dun campi collis, or campus collis, but in old Celtic Mag, a dwelling, a town; in 
 “ old French Mas (Mai) Maison de campagne, a territory that belongs to one lord. (This is a secondary 
 “ meaning.) (Bullet, not a very good authority, but well supported in this, and Diet. Acad. Fran. Comple- 
 “ ment, and other Celtic diets.) The true meaning of May dun is probably a fort commanding a wide plain 
 “ or district.” 
 
 The word frequently occurs in the Topography of Scotland. Thus we have Maiden Castle, the 
 old name of Edinburgh Castle; Maiden Castle in the parish of Markinch, being an ancient fortification 
 running along a narrow but somewhat elevated ridge of sand hills, commanding the surrounding plain : the 
 Maiden Castle of Collessie, where are the vestiges of an ancient fort; the Maiden Castle of Roslin, on the 
 banks of the Esk, where parts of the foundations of a fortress are to be seen ; the Maiden Stone at 
 Ayton, in Berwickshire,—a striking rock on the coast, isolated at high water. The Maiden Craio’ is a re¬ 
 markable rock in the gorge of a little valley, about three miles from Aberdeen. There is also a “Maiden 
 Castle” and “ Maiden Way" in Cumberland. 
 
 “ Statistical Account of Aberdeenshire, p. 571, 1843. 
 i> Caledonia, vol. I., p. 143. Gordon says this stone is contiguous to 
 a small Danish fort called “The Maiden Castle.” ltinerar. Septent, 
 p. 1C2. Near the House of Pittodrie, on the top of a slight eminence, 
 
 are yet to be seen the remains of the fort referred to. The surrounding 
 mound was lately dug into, when pieces of bones and charred wood 
 were turned up in various places. 
 
 8 Caledonia, vol. 1., p. 149. 
 
4 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 PLATES III. & 1 Y. 
 
 Tiie three stones at Logie are built into a wall enclosing the plantations of Logie-Elphinstone, the seat of 
 Sir James D. H. Elphinstone, Bart. They were originally placed on the adjoining Moor of Carden, having 
 been, according to some accounts, disposed horizontally, at a little distance apart, 11 but more probably 
 members of a circle; and when the moor was planted, about thirty-five years ago, they were removed to 
 their present situation. A fourth one, which was used by the tenant as a hearthstone in his kiln, was split 
 by the heat and destroyed. It will be observed that the Ogham inscription on No. II. is disposed round a 
 circle, instead of being written on either side of a straight line, or of the edges of the stone, as is usual in 
 such inscriptions. The faint lines represented in the plate are also fainter in the stone than the other 
 figures, and it may be doubted whether they are not work of a subsequent time. 
 
 The stone at Daviot lies embedded in the ground on the roadside, nearly opposite to the Farm-house of 
 Newton of Mounie, in the parish of Daviot. The stone has now the appearance of being earth-fast, but, 
 more probably, was originally erect. The Church of Daviot was dedicated to St. Columba, and, under the 
 name of Schira de Daviot, the parish was granted to the See of Aberdeen, on its translation from Murtlach. 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 Of the two Stones in the parish of Clatt, the one, having a horse-shoe figure incised on its surface, was 
 dug up from a depth of about six feet, in the vicinity of a number of cairns, which seem to have abounded 
 in the neighbourhood, and to have been connected with a remarkable circle of stones by a paved road. It 
 has been used for building purposes ; and, in this way, the fish which surmounted the arch has been mostly 
 destroyed. The other stone seems to have been first noticed, as forming part of the old wall of the burial- 
 ground at Clatt ; b and, on the erection of a new wall, it was removed to its present position at the old 
 School-house of Clatt. The church of Clatt was dedicated to St. Moloch, and under the name of Schira 
 de Clat, the parish formed part of the first possessions of the See of Aberdeen on its translation by King 
 David I. 
 
 PLATE Y I. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The Stone at Insch is situated on the farm of Myreton, in the Parish of Insch, and is known in the country 
 as “The Picardy Stono.” c There are a good many remains of stone circles in the parish, as well as several 
 rude pillars of stone. d 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Tiie Stone at Mains of Rhynie is placed o:i the highest point of one of the fields of that farm, and is one 
 of a group of four which have been found in the same neighbourhood. It is known in the country as the 
 “ Ci’o or Crow Stone.' In the united parishes of Rhynie and Essie arc some remarkable cairns, as also 
 the well-known vitrified fort on the summit of a conical hill called “ The Tap o’ Noth.” 
 
 e “The Southern Piets were known 113’ the peculiar name of Piecnr- 
 darli," Skene's “Highlanders of Scotland,” vol. I., p. GC, 
 
 J Mew Statistical Account of Aberdeenshire, p. 751. 
 
 ' Statistical Account or Aberdeenshire, p- 638. Edin. M3. 
 1 Statistical Account of Aberdeenshire, pp. 851-2. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES, 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 The Stones here figured are now at the Village of Rhyme, and no precise information can be got re¬ 
 garding their original site, although they seem all to have stood near to the village. Engravings of 
 them appeared in the Archrcologia, vol. xxii., plates IV. and V. It is there stated that one of the stones, 
 apparently No. I., was discovered in ploughing a field near the village. 
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The Stone at Rhynie, being the fourth still remaining in that locality, is built into the wall of a barn in that village, 
 and is said to have been taken from the materials of the former School-house. The half of the Stone is wanting, 
 and it is stated in Archseologia, where the Stone is engraved,® that the missing half had been recently broken in 
 pieces to be used in building, This was in 1S2G. In the old statisical account of Rhynie, b it is stated, apparently 
 of the same monument, that £t a large Stone about five feet diameter, on which there are some hieroglyphical 
 characters, and standing on the Moor of Rhynie, is said to have been erected in memory of an engagement 
 fought at a remote period, about the middle of the Parish. Tart of this Stone has been lately broken.” 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Tiie Stone at Monymusk stands close by the public road at the farm of Nether Mains. About fifty years ago it was 
 placed in a field about a mile east of Monymusk House, near the river Don, where it had been from time 
 immemorial, and then it was removed to its present site. In the edition of “ Don, a Poem” which was printed in 
 the beginning of this century by Charles Dawson, Schoolmaster of Kemnay, it is said that the Stone appears to 
 be the grave-stone of John Aikenwall, who was slain at the battle of Platcoek, and we are gravely told that the 
 hieroglyphics should be read as follows :— 
 
 “ Here lies John Aikenwall, beneath this lang Stane— 
 
 At the fight of Platcoek, his life from him was taen.” 
 
 Monymusk was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and was the site of an ancient Culdee Monastery. There are two 
 stone circles in the Parish. 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Nothing is known of the original site of the stone at Drimmies. It is built into the wall of a byre of the farm 
 offices at Drimmies, in the parish of Inverury. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The Cross at Dyce, is now placed in the wall surrounding the Churchyard, and is said to have been found in the 
 Glebe. It will be seen that another stone has been found in the churchyard wall of Dyce, (plate 39), and both 
 probably are not far from their original site. The Cross has been engraved in Archseologia Scotica, vol. ii., 
 plate 6. Dyce was dedicated to St. Fergus, and there is a fine stone circle in the Parish. 0 
 
 » Vol. xxii., Plate IV. 
 
 >> Edin., 1797, vol. xix, p. 292. 
 
 c Sinclair's Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. lii., pp. 131-132. 
 

 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES 
 
 P LATE X. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The Stone at Kinnellar is in the churchyard of the Parish, which was the site of a circle of standing stones, 
 several of which of great size and weight, though fallen, yet remain above ground, and others have sunk in the 
 earth, n and it has been stated, that the sculptured stone, either formed part of this circle, or was placed in 
 connection therewith; but a correspondent of Dr. Hibbert states, that when it was found in 1801, it formed the 
 foundation of the south-east corner of the old Church. Fie adds, “ Dr. Mitchell had the marks revised, and I 
 think, made more perfect than in the above copy I took when it was first seen, for I preached there the first 
 Sabbath after this Stone was found.” A comparision of the drawing here referred to, with that in the 
 present volume, enables me to state, that the stone has fortunately not suffered from the dangerous restoration 
 of Dr. Mitchell. (Letter from the Rev. John Gerrard, South Ronaldsluiy, 29th September, 1831, among 
 Dr. Ilibbert’s MSS.) It is of granite. Many cairns of stones seem to have been in this Parish, and several 
 of them, as well as the remains of circles of stone yet remain. b 
 
 I 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The wood of Crichie is on the northern boundary of the parish of Ivintore, and nearer to the burgh of 
 Inverury than to that of Ivintore. This Parish formerly contained many cairns, and it formed a thanage 
 in ancient times. The Castle of Hallforest, which is in this parish, was a hunting seat of our Scottish 
 Kings ; and the town of Ivintore was constituted a Royal Burgh at an early period. 
 
 The Stone at Crichie stands a short distance eastwards from an intrenched stone circle, which is fifty 
 feet in diameter—surrounded by a moat, twenty feet wide and six deep—with two entrances of nine feet wide 
 immediately opposite to each other, being North and South. The Pillar is of granite ; other sculptured stones 
 have been found in this parish, of which Drawings will be found in the present work. The parish was dedicated 
 to the Blessed Virgin. As noticed in the Preface, various sepulchral deposits have been found on digging 
 into this Circle. 
 
 P L A T E X L 
 
 Noth ixo is known as to the precise original locality of the Stone at Deer, although it is very likely to have 
 been near its present one. When I saw it a few years ago, it was placed at the end of a range of building, 
 which formed part of the Cistercian Abbey of Deer, founded in 1218 by William Gumming, Earl of Buchan, 
 but I have been informed that since that time all the remains of the Abbey have been removed. The cross is 
 incised on the face of the pillar, which is a whinstone. 
 
 There were, not many years ago, the remains of upwards of a dozen stone circles in the parish ; 
 also, not long ago, the ruins of a small village, commonly called by the country people Pights’ or Piet’s 
 houses. It consisted of fifty or sixty mossy huts, from six to twelve feet square, irregularly huddled 
 together; hence it got the name of the bouraehs. The walls were built of stones of a small size, and clay : 
 the floors were paved with stones. Two circular huts, containing some ashes, seem to have been corn kilns.® 
 
 P L A T E XII. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 I tie Stone, now erected on a knoll within the policies of Park House, on the river Dee, was originally 
 
 • Statistical Account of Aberdeenshire, p. Il l, Edin., 18-13. i< Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. iii., p. 501, Edin. 1792. 
 
 * Statistical Account of Scotlund, vol. xvl. pp. 481-2 Edin., 1795. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 placed on the west end of the “Keith-, Moor," in the parish of Dmmoak, not far from the spot where, it 
 is said, that in times of baronial jurisdiction, the gallows stood. It was squared for being built into a wall, and 
 thus partially destroyed, but was rescued in time to preserve the principal figures which had been cut on it. 
 
 The parish of Drumoalc, or, more properly, Dalmaok, was dedicated to St. Mazota virgin. Many 
 tumuli still exist in different parts of the parish; and arrow heads are occasionally picked up. a 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Tiie Stone at Mill of Newton, in the united Parishes of Logie-in-Mar and Coldstone, is built into the wall 
 of the farm steading at Mill of Newton. It originally stood on a rising ground called Tomachar, a little to 
 the west of its present site. I had the ground dug into a few years ago, round the spot where the Stone 
 had been placed, when it was found to be a natural hillock of gravel, without any trace of deposit. 
 
 Ihe parish of Logy was dedicated to St. Wolok. Many cairns occur in this parish; and on the farm 
 of Cairnmore of Blela6k has been discovered, under ground, part of a paved road of considerable width. Near 
 it is a hollow, which is known by the name of the Piet’s Howe. b The Church of Coldstone, or “ Codilstan,” 
 was granted to the Abbey of Lundoris by Isabel of Douglas, Countess of Mar atid Gariocb, in 1402. 
 
 PLATE XIII. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The Cross now placed on a knoll near Aboyne Castle, was originally situated on an eminence on the bank of 
 Loch Kinord, which lies some miles to the west of Aboyne. It was removed to its present site by the Earl of 
 Aboyne many years ago ; but on the occasion of its first removal, it is said to have been miraculously transported 
 to its old site on the banks of the Loch. It is to be remarked, however, that the same legend is attached to 
 another stone in the parish, having a cross cut on its surface, which stands near the wall of St. Muclirieha; for 
 it also is said to have been removed at some former time from its site near to the well, and to have been 
 wondrously brought back by the saint. 0 The pillar is of granite. The parish of Aboyne was dedicated to St. 
 Theunan ; there are here the remains of ancient habitations and roads, as well as of forts and cairns. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The Stone in the churchyard of the parish of Tyrie was found many years ago in clearing out the foundation of 
 the parish Church, which was of great antiquity. It formed a foundation stone in the north eastern corner of the 
 building, and Is composed of blue mica. d This parish was dedicated to St. Andrew. It contained many tumuli, 
 in some of which have been found cists, containing human bones. 
 
 P L A T E XI V. 
 
 The Stone at Mortlach is erected on a liaugh on the banks of the Dullan, immediately below the height on 
 which the old Church of Mortlach is built. It has been supposed, although without any probability, that the 
 Stone was erected to commemorate a victory which our second Malcolm is said to have achieved over the 
 Northmen at this place in the year 1010. An engraving of it appeared in the Arclueologia, vol. xxii., plate 3, 
 and an etching of it is given in Bhind’s “ Sketches of Moray,” p. 129, Edin. 1839. In both cases, however, 
 the bird which surmounts the serpent has been omitted. It indeed required the practised eye and touch of the 
 
 “ Statistical Account of Aberdeenshire, Edin., 1813, p. 888. 
 a Statistical Account of Aberdeenshire, p. 1072, Edin., 1843. 
 
 5 Statistical Account of Aberdeenshire, p. 1059, Edin., 1843. 
 ■' Ibid. p. 722. 
 

 The Stone at Inveravon lies in the churchyard of the parish, and is said to have been found under the found¬ 
 ation of the old church. This parish was dedicated to St. Peter. Numerous traces of stone circles are to 
 be found in it, and rude stone coffins have occasionally been discovered. 11 
 
 The Stone at Arndilly is built into the wall of the Mansion House, and was taken from the wall of the old 
 Church, which formerly occupied the same site as the present IIouse. c Arndilly now forms part of the parish 
 of Boharm, but it appears in ancient times to have been a separate parish. The Church stood on an eminence 
 overhanging the waters of the Spey, and its ruins were visible “ till within the memory of man, when they were 
 cleared away to make room for part of the offices.” The Church of Arndilly, then called “ Artendoll,” was given 
 to the See of Moray by William de Moravia, l203-24. d 
 
 PLATE XVI. 
 
 The Elgin Pillar was discovered in 1823, when the streets of the Burgh were under repair, lying about two feet 
 below the surface in a horizontal position, a little to the north-east of the old Church of St. Giles.® Nothing what¬ 
 ever is known of its previous history. It is now preserved in the Cathedral. This pillar is evidently 
 incomplete, a part having been broken off from one end of it. It is now six feet in length, two-and-a- 
 half in breadth, and a foot thick, composed of a reddish grey granite very like that of Aberdeenshire. It 
 will be remarked that the spectacle ornament and crescent are filled with ornament in this case, while the 
 sceptre is mortised as it were into the connecting lines of the former, and passes under some of the lines 
 of the latter. Elgin, about the beginning of the twelfth century, appeal’s to have been a considerable 
 town, with a royal fort/ 
 
 PLATE XVII. 
 
 The Stone at Birnie (a granite boulder) is now placed at the west pillar of the northern entrance to the 
 Churchyard of Birnie, three miles south of Elgin. At some former period it had been built into the low 
 wall which surrounds the churchyard, but was removed some years ago, and erected on its present site. 
 Birnie was the first seat of the Bishops of Moray, and the present church is of Norman architecture. In the 
 
 • Registrant Episcopatus Aberdoncnsis; Preface, p.: 
 b New Statistical Account of Banffshire, pp. 132-3, 
 
 • Ibid. p. 355. 
 
 J Registrant Moraviense, p. 17. Ban. Club. 
 
 « Rhind's Sketches of Moray, p. 130. 
 
 'New Statistical Account of Elginshire, p. 4. 
 
 1 
 
NOTICES O F T H E P L A T E g. 
 
 0 
 
 parish is a stone called the Bible Stone, from having an oblong figure resembling a book cut out on its 
 surface; also the Cairn of ICilforman, and vestiges of trenches and encampments. 0 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Upper Manbean is a small farm in the parish of Elgin, and about four miles north-west of the town of 
 Elgin. The sculptured Stone there (a coarse Mica slate) stands about 200 or 300 yards to the north¬ 
 west of the farmhouse. There is no tradition of its even having been on another site, nor is there any 
 local history attached to it. 
 
 PLATES XVIII.-XXI. 
 
 The Forres Pillar, commonly called " Sueno’s Stone,” is situated about half a mile to the east of Forres, in the 
 parish of Rafford, on the north side of the highway, and occupies the position iu which, in all probability, it origi¬ 
 nally was placed. The stone steps round the base (which conceal part of the sculpture) are modern, and were placed 
 as supports to the Pillar, by a late Countess of Moray, Lady Ann Campbell. It is a hard sand stone, twenty- 
 three feet in height above ground, and said to be twelve feet more under ground, although this point may well be 
 doubted. The breadth of the base is four feet, the thickness about fifteen inches. b Representations of this 
 remarkable Stone have been given with varying accuracy, by Gordon in his “ Iter Septentrionale,” by Cordiner 
 in his “ Remarkable Ruins,” in the last edition of “ Shaw’s History of the Province of Moray,” and by Rhind in 
 
 his “ Sketches of Moray.” The present drawing was taken with great pains, and a scaffolding was 
 
 erected, so as to enable the artist to copy the upper part of the Stone with accuracy. Popular tradition, 
 as in the case of the Mortlacli Stone, has connected this pillar with a supposed defeat of the Danes un¬ 
 der their General Sueno; and it has been called a Runic and Scandinavian Monument, on the very un¬ 
 likely assumption that the Northmen erected this monument to commemorate their own defeat. It is 
 worthy of being noted, that, in the year 1813, when digging into a mound close to the pillar, eight human 
 
 skeletons were found. 0 In the Parish of Rafford several ancient coffins, formed of slabs of undressed free¬ 
 
 stone, have been found at various times. In one of these were discovered several ornaments of jet. None of 
 these graves were covered by cairns, although, of these, many are to be found in the parish. Near Blcrvie 
 Castle there is a Druidical circle, known as “The Temple Stones.”' 1 
 
 PLATE XXII. 
 
 This Pillar was found in digging out the foundations of the present Church of Dyke and Moy, and was 
 claimed by some of the parishioners as a gravestone. It was put up in the village, in commemoration of 
 Rodney’s victory over the Count de Grasse, and, from that circumstance, received the name of Rodney’s Cross. 
 A few years ago it was removed to the Park of Brodie, where it now stands.® All the figures on this Stone, 
 including the elephant, are elaborately ornamented. 
 
 P L A T E XXI V. 
 
 This Pillar, which is called the Prince’s Tomb or Stone, is erected at Glenferness on the banks of the Find- 
 horn. There is a tradition that an Irish Prince, having fallen in love with a daughter of the King of 
 
 » New Statistical Account of Elginshire, p 8G. d New Statistical Account ol Elginshire, pp. 24G-2-19. 
 
 u Ehind's Sketches of Moray, pp 127-8. c -New Statistical Account of Elginshire, p. 221. 
 
 « Manual ot the Antiquities of Moray, pp. 58 59. Elgin, 1823. 
 
10 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Denmark, and both having come together across to this country, they were pursued and overtaken 
 here, but rather than allow themselves to be taken, they rushed into the Findhorn and were drowned— 
 the pillar being raised to mark their memory, at the spot where their bodies were taken out of the river. 
 There are two elephants on this Stone, on one of which the interlacing knot work appears. 
 
 PLATE X N V. 
 
 The Stone at Hilton of Cadboll is one of three which stood at no great distance from each other, on the 
 low coast of Ross-shire, on the north side of the Cromarty Firth. They are, perhaps, the most remark¬ 
 able in Scotland for their elaborate finish and varied representation. A country tradition assigns to them 
 a common origin, as the memorials of three Danish Princes who were buried here. a The Stone at Hil¬ 
 ton has, at some former period, been taken down and converted into a gravestone, and it now lies in a 
 shed ; the wall of which is believed to form part of an ancient chapel. For this purpose, one of the sides 
 was smoothed, by erasing the ancient sculpture upon it, and the following inscription was substituted :— 
 
 HE • THAT • LIVES • WEIL • DYES • WEIL • SAYS • SOLOMON • THE • WISE • 
 
 IIEIR • LYES • ALEXANDER • DUFF • AND • HIS • THRIE • WIVES • 
 
 The Stone is referred to by Cordiner in his Antiquities and Scenery of the North of Scotland, pp. G5-6G, 
 London, 1780, and in his “ Remarkable Ruins,” London, 1788, in which last work it is engraved. 
 
 It will be remarked that the “spectacle” ornament is here transferred into the border amid other or¬ 
 namental tracery, while two unconnected circles take its usual place on the face of the Stone, near to the 
 crescent, the whole being filled up with elaborate tracery. The figures on horseback have a conventional re¬ 
 semblance to those on some of the Forfarshire Stones. The two in the upper corner, on the right hand, 
 seem to have been trumpeters. 
 
 PLATES XXVI. & XXVII. 
 
 This magnificent obelisk lies near the village of Shandwick, in the Parish of Nigg, about a mile westward 
 from the Stone at Hilton, and a quarter of a mile from the sea-shore. In 177G, when the Stone was 
 visited by Cordiner, it was surrounded at the base with large well cut flagstones, formed like stcps. u It 
 
 w r as unfortunately blown dow r n within the last ten years, and, in consequence, broken into two pieces, as 
 
 indicated in the drawing. It has been supposed that the figures on each side of the cross, immediately 
 beneath the transverse bar, are intended to represent St. Andrew on his cross, but it may be doubted, 
 
 whether they are not meant to represent angels with displayed wings, like those on the Stone at Eassie, 
 
 Piute XCI. It is stated in the Statistical Accouut of the Parish, that the ground around the side of the 
 Stone was for ages employed as a burying place, although not for the last fifty years. The writer adds, 
 that, in Gaelic, the Stone is called “ clach a charridh,” or “the Stone of the burying ground,” c but the 
 writer of the old Statistical Account calls it “ clach a charraig,” “ the stone of the rock,” an instance of 
 the value of Gaelic etymologies. 
 
 The pillar is of freestone. The raised bosses or knobs on the face of the cross appear on many of 
 the Irish monuments, and on St. Martin’s Cross at Iona. The same sort of ornament was long continued 
 on the Highland targets. 
 
 * This will be found at length in Miller's Scenes and Legends of the r Edin., 1841. 
 North of Scotland, p. 84, et seq. Edition 1835. •' Edin.. 1791. 
 
 b Antiquities and Scenery, p. 65 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 II 
 
 PLATE XXYIII. 
 
 I he exquisitely beautiful Cross at Nigg is in the churchyard of the parish of that name. It was thrown down 
 during a violent hurricane in the year 1727, after which it was placed against the east gable of the 
 church, where it remained till towards the end of last century, when it was removed, for the purpose of 
 gaining admittance to the vault of the family of Ross of Kindeace. During this operation it fell and was 
 broken, and, when it was next erected, the larger fragment was turned upside down. In order to obtain 
 a correct drawing for this volume, I had the Stone again taken down, and re-erected in its proper position. 
 An engraving of it is given by Cordiner in his “ Remarkable Ruins.” Mr. Petley prepared etchings of this 
 Stone, as well as of the Pillars at Edderton, Hilton, and Shandwick, the Plates of which now belong to the 
 Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. He remarks, regarding this pillar, “ There appears to have been more 
 labour bestowed upon this than upon any other of the Stones ... On one side the ornaments are very much 
 raised—the circle and compartments on each side of the Cross being an inch and a half above the surface.” b 
 1 ho appearance of the chalice and host between the kneeling figures at the top is very remarkable. None 
 of the symbols occur on this Stone. 
 
 P L A T E XXX. 
 
 No. 1 
 
 The fragments now in the churchyard of the parish of Tarbet, of which one is contained in this Plate, and 
 others in Plate XXXVL, formed parts of a Cross which stood in the centre of the church yard. About 
 fifty years ago it was knocked down by the grave digger, and broken up for grave stones. Cordiner, re¬ 
 ferring to these fragments, which he visited in 1770, says that they “in all appearance had not been origi- 
 “ nally inferior to either of those that have been specified, [Shandwick and Hilton] but they are so shattered 
 “to pieces that their connection is lost.” a 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The drawing of the Stone at Thurso Castle was made from a fac-simile of it; the original having been 
 presented by Sir George Sinclair to the King of Denmark. The Stone is said to have been found at Libster, 
 about seven miles from Thurso, in a Piet’s house, but I have been unable to obtain a distinct account of 
 the circumstances. 
 
 PLATE XXXI. 
 
 This Stone stands in the churchyard of the parish of Edderton in Ross-shire. Mr. Petley remarks that, 
 “ in the compartment below the figure on horseback, are two horses with their riders lined out, and ap- 
 “ parently intended to have been executed in the same bold style of relievo. As only parts of these latter 
 “ figures are visible above the surface of the ground, it may reasonably be supposed they are complete be- 
 “ low." b This refers to a period about thirty years ago, and it seems probable that the Stone has since 
 sunk considerably into the ground, as no trace of the horses has caught the practised eye of the artist who 
 made the present drawing. Here there is a complete chain of those round towers called Dunes, surrounding 
 the parish ; none of them, however, in a state of even tolerable preservation. 0 
 
 « Antiquities And Scenery, p. f.G. London, 1780. b MS. in Collection of Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 
 
 • New Statistical Account of 12<iss mid Cromarty, p. 448. Edin. 1841. 
 
12 
 
 N OTIC E S 01' T 11 E P L A T E S, 
 
 PLATE XXXII. 
 
 No 1. 
 
 About a mile to the westward of the church of Edderton is the Stone figured in this Plate. It is placed 
 in the centre of a circular mound of earth twelve paces in diameter, and raised (says Mr, Petley) about three 
 feet above the natural surface. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The Dunrobin Stone in this Plate stands in the pleasure grounds of the Castle, but was removed from 
 Craigton, where there is an old burial ground, about forty years ago. The parish of Golspie, in which 
 it is situated, contains the ruins of two Pictish Towers, and the remains of a Druidical Circle. Dr. Hibbert 
 notes that it was found there in ploughing a field. 
 
 PLATE XXXIII. 
 
 Both the Stones in this Plate are now in the garden at Dunrobin Castle. No. 1 was found at Olyne 
 Milton, two miles to the east of Brora, not far from the sea-shore, and No. 2 was brought from Craio-ton, 
 which lies about three miles westward of Dunrobin. 
 
 PLATE XXXIY. 
 
 The Cross now in the Churchyard of Golspie is said to have been brought from the old Churchyard of Craigton 
 already referred to. It had lain flat on the ground, and been used as a tombstone, having the name of Robert 
 Gordon, son of Alexander of Sutherland, inscribed round the edge of the side on which the Cross was cut. The 
 figures on the other side are quite distinct, as well as the Ogham inscription, which is made round the top and 
 edge of the stone. A fanciful version of this Monument is given by Cordiner, in his “ Remarkable Ruins,” 
 London, 1788. This is altogether a very remarkable Monument. 
 
 P L A T E XXX V. 
 
 This Cross is erected in the Churchyard of the Parish of Farr, on the north coast of Sutherlandshire. The Stone 
 is very hard, and differs entirely in its appearance and quality from any of the Rocks in the neighbourhood, a 
 circumstance which occurs in regard to several Monuments in this Volume. In this Parish are the remains of 
 several circular Towers, a number of Barrows, and a few erect Stones; the latter of which are supposed to point 
 out the places where Chieftains have been interred.® 
 
 PLATE X X X V I. 
 
 This Plate contains another of the fragments at Tarbet, and also the Sculpture on a Sarcophagus in the Church¬ 
 yard of Kincardine, Ross-shire. Of the latter, the statistical account says, “ In the Churchyard there is.a Stone 
 “ about five feet in length, and two in breadth and thickness ; it is hollow, an’d divided into two cells, one con- 
 “ siderably larger than the other. The ends and one of the sides are covered with carved figures and hierogly- 
 “ phics. It is probable that it is the half of a Sarcophagus or Stone Coffin.” b 
 
 “ New Statistical Account of Itoss u 
 
 * New Statistical Account of Sutherland, |>i>. 71-72. 
 
 md Cromarty, p. 4ie. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 13 
 
 P L A T E XXXVII. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The Stone at Newton has been already noticed at Plate I. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The Stone in the Don was discovered in August, 1853, lying in the river, about 200 yards above the point 
 where the Railway Bridge is now built across the stream. The Stone had probably been placed on the bank, 
 but as the course of the river has been repeatedly changed, it is impossible to ascertain its precise original 
 site. It is a rough block of whin, and the sculptor has made no attempt to smooth its surface, as his lines 
 are carried through all its natural inequalities. 
 
 P L A T K X X XVI IT. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The Stone No. T. is a slab of argillaceous sandstone, about a foot thick, and stands at Knocknagael, about two 
 miles south-west of Inverness. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The Stone No. II. is now in the possession of George Anderson, Esq., Solicitor, Inverness. It was pre¬ 
 sented to the Museum of the Scientific Association at Inverness, by the late Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, 
 who stated that it was found at Burghead, in the Chamber there, which has been occasionally called a 
 Roman Bath or Well. This apartment, which was opened in 1809, is described in a communication from 
 the late Professor Stuart of Aberdeen, t(? the historian Pinkerton, which will be found in the Advertise¬ 
 ment to the second edition of his “ Enquiry,” pp. vii, viii. The following forms part of his description :—“ On 
 “ some pieces of the freestone are seen remains of mouldings and carved figures, particularly of a bull very 
 
 “ well executed.” In Anderson’s “ Guide to the Highlands,” it is stated, “ The chamber is coated with 
 
 “ plaster, which, though now faded, was, when first opened, of a deep red colour, and its angles are 
 
 “ rounded. No Roman coins have been dug up here; but on some shapeless slabs of freestone, met with 
 
 “ in the well, the figure of a bull is outlined in coarse basso relievo.''* The Stone in question is doubtless 
 one of the slabs mentioned. The Museum of the Scientific Association having been given over to the 
 Academy at Inverness, and the Directors of the latter body having no spare room for the Stone, it is 
 placed in Mr. Anderson's Garden , b 
 
 PLATE XXXIX. 
 
 This Stone was recently discovered in the dyke surrounding the Churchyard of the parish of Dyce. An 
 other Stone in the same locality has been already noticed, Plate XL 
 
 » Guide to the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, by George and *> “An impression of a bull on a stone found at Burghead, where 
 l’eter Anderson c.f Inverness, p. 113 Edin. 1842. there are many others of the s ime description exhibited.” ArclneoIogU, 
 
 It May, 1809. 
 
 E 
 
m 
 
 tm 
 
 14 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 PLATE XL. 
 
 The beautiful Stone at Ulbstcr owes its rescue from destruction to the active research of my friend, A. H. 
 Rhind, Esq., younger of Sibster. This Cross had been used as a grave stone in the ancient burial ground 
 at Ulbster, but, within the memory of old people in the neighbourhood, it stood erect in a corner of the 
 enclosure. From its position, it was exposed to the frequent treading of feet, and its upper surface had be¬ 
 come almost obliterated, until the cautious operations of Mr. Rhind restored it sufficiently to enable us to 
 understand all its arrangements, as will be seen in No. 1 of the Plate. This Stone has a greater variety 
 of figures on it than any of the others. 
 
 PLATE X L I. 
 
 The fragments at Stonehaven are said to have formed part of a wall which surrounded the top of an insulated 
 rock called Dinnacare, standing at no great distance from the shore, about a mile and a half to the south 
 of Stonehaven. They are now in the possession of the Keeper of the Gas Work at Stonehaven, who found 
 them at Dinnacare about sixteen years ago. There were other similar fragments which have since dis¬ 
 appeared. One of them is supposed to form the hearthstone of the house of James Brown, Fisherman, 
 Stonehaven. 
 
 PLATE X L11. 
 
 In the little island of Papa Stronsay were two chapels, the one dedicated to St. Bride, the other to St. 
 Nicholas. The site of the former is still to be traced, but the foundation of the latter was removed during 
 some recent improvements, in the course of which, and within about twenty yards of the foundation of the 
 Chapel, the Stone figured in this plate was dug up, from a depth of three or four feet. Around the Stone, 
 and indeed all around the site of the Chapel, were found large qaantities of human bones. The Stone is 
 of a slaty nature, and an uneven surface, which made it difficult to distinguish some parts of the letters 
 
 from natural lines. It is now in the possession of Mr. Heddle of Milsotter. 
 
 This Plato also contains a fragment in the churchyard dyke of Birnie near Elgin, and at the bottom 
 
 are given some of the details of ornaments on the edges of the Maiden Stone. It will be remarked that the 
 
 drawing of the Papa Stronsay Cross is the full size of the Stone. 
 
 PLATES XL 111., XLIV, XLV, & XLVI. 
 
 The three Stones figured in these Plates were found in the foundation of the old Parish Church of Kirrie¬ 
 muir, in Forfarshire, when it was pulled down in 1787, and till recently were used as headstones in 
 different parts of the Churchyard. They were first noticed by Mr. Jervise of Brechin in 1851, and after the 
 appearance of “ The Sculptured Stones of Angus.” This Parish abounds in remains of ancient times. 
 There are two rocking stones a little to the north-west of the Hill of Kirriemuir, standing stones and 
 tumuli, and several “ Piets’ Houses” or Weems." In one of the latter at Auchlishie, a canoe was 
 found. Kirriemuir appears to have been the capital of the Earldom of Angus. Brice, the Parson of 
 Kirriemuir, is a witness to charters by the Earls of Angus, in the time of William the Lion and Alex- 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 15 
 
 ander II. ; and Malcolm, Earl of Angus, gave to Nicholas, son of Brice, Priest of Kirriemuir, and his 
 heirs, the lands of Abthein of Monifeith; and Matilda, the Countess, gave to the Abbot of Arbroath the 
 lands on the south side of the Church of Monifieth, which the Culdees possessed. 11 
 
 PLATES X L V11. & X L V 111. 
 
 The Cross at Dunfallandy, locally called “ The Priest’s Stone,” is erected at the ruins of an old chapel 
 near Killiecrankie. It is of black slate, about six inches in thickness. The figures are sculptured in 
 relief, except the tools at the bottom, which are incised, and may be a recent addition, although it will 
 be remarked that there are similar figures on the Stone at Abernetliy (Plate XLIX.) which have no appearance 
 of being of more recent date than the other sculptures on the Stone. 
 
 PLATE XLIX. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The fragment at Abernetliy is now built into the wall of a garden in the village of that name, and was duo- 
 out of the foundation of a house on the same piece of ground about thirty years ago. Nothing is known 
 of its history. According to the Chronicon Pictorum b “ Optulit igitur Nectonius magnus filius Wirp, rex 
 omnium provinciarum Pictorum, Apurnethige Sanctie Bridgidre usque ad diem judicii, cum suis finibus, qua) 
 positte sunt a lapide in Apurfeirt, usque ad lapidem juxta Cairfuill, id est Lethfoss, et inde in altum usque 
 ad Athan.” Abernetliy is celebrated in our early history as the seat of a Culdee Monastery, and of one of the 
 two Round Towers which are in Scotland. An early notice of a school at Abernetliy is preserved in the 
 Chartulary of St. Andrews. 0 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The fragment of a Cross at Kingoldrum was found in the walls of the old Church of Kingoldrum when 
 it was pulled down in 1840, along with other fragments which are given in Plates LXXXIX. and XCIII. An 
 ancient bell, now in the Museum of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, was dug up in the churchyard of Kin°- 
 oldrum in 1843. It contained a bronze chalice and a glass bowl. The Church was given to the Abbey of Arbroath 
 by King William, as appears by his Charter of Confirmation, 1211-14, and there can be little doubt that it was 
 an early Christian settlement. In a gravel hillock at Meikle Kenny, about a mile and a half west of the 
 kirk, a stone coffin was found about three years ago. It was formed of rude flags of red sandstone, was 
 about three feet long, and about two feet below the surface. It contained human bones. A spring near the 
 Kirk is called Neil’s Well. 
 
 PLATES L. & LI. 
 
 Tiie sculptured pillar at Dunkeld figured in these Plates, is a slab of grey sandstone, and has, with another 
 pillar of red sandstone, on which is cut a plain cross, from time immemorial been used as gate posts to 
 an entrance to the churchyard. Nothing is known of their history or original position. Dunkeld is cele¬ 
 brated in our annals as the seat of a Culdee Monastery, and of an ancient Church dedicated to St. Columba, 
 which became the Cathedral Church of the See of Dunkeld. 
 
 « Registrum de Aberbrothock, pp. 31-32, 82, 330-31. llie Irish version of Nennius, p. 1G3, printed for the Irish Archreologicnl 
 
 b Pinkerton History, Appendix, p. 493, vol. I. Edin. 1814. Sec also Society. Dublin, 1848. 
 
 «p. lie. 
 
16 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 PLATE L11. 
 
 Tins Pillar stands a little to the westward of the town of Newburgh in Fifeshire. It is of sandstone, and 
 is firmly inserted into a square base also of sandstone. It seems to have been a Cruciform Pillar, and to 
 have been at sometime deprived of the transverse arms of the Cross. It has been supposed that Mugdrum 
 is a corruption of Magridin, the name of a saint, who may be here commemorated. 11 The ancient Chapel 
 of Ecclesiamagirdle at Glcnearn, in the Parish of Dron, in Perthshire, has probably been dedicated to this 
 saint. The celebrated Cross of Macduff was also in the Parish of Newburgh, in an opening of the Ochil 
 hills, and a block of freestone which formed its base yet remains, but the Cross itself was destroyed by 
 the Reformers, on their way from Perth to the Abbey of Lundores in 1559. b 
 
 F LATBS L111. & LI Y. 
 
 This Pillar stands on a base of stone on the Farm of Docton or Dogtown, in the Parish of Ivinglassie, 
 Fifeshire, about four miles from Kirkcaldy. It has been said to mark the spot where the Danes were 
 defeated by Constantine II. of Scotland ; while, in the Parish of Crail, a cave is pointed out where that 
 monarch was killed by his invaders. 0 The Stone is referred to by Sibbald as “a pillar of hewen stone set 
 “ in a pedestal ; it is about five or six foot high, one foot thick, and two broad. The broad faces of it 
 
 “ are to the cast and west, and the figures arc upon the side of it towards the east. The upmost part 
 
 “ of it seems to have been done for a beast’s head prominent; below it is the figure of a man on horse- 
 * back with a scrol above him, ’tis but a small figure; the north, south, and west sides, have upon them 
 “ only some ornamental carving; it is much defaced by the weather, and is torn on the top ; no vestige 
 “ of any letter could be discerned upon it. This is certainly Danish, and seems to have been set up where 
 “ some chief commander was killed, whether at this fight [of Constantine’s] or at another, which happened 
 “ afterwards near Kinghorn, is uncertain. 11 
 
 The ornament which Sibbald has converted into a beast’s head, is the boss which occurs in so many 
 of our pillars. The transverse limbs of the Cross have disappeared. Near the site of the supposed battle 
 recent levelling operations brought to light £ ‘ several heads of iron spears, a Roman sword and battle 
 
 axe.” 0 The church of this parish was dedicated to Saint Glascianus, Bishop and Martyr/ 
 
 PLATE L Y. 
 
 Tins beautiful Pillar lay for many years unheeded in the churchyard of St Madoes, a parish in the Carse 
 of Gowrie, about six miles from Perth; but in the course of last year, at the instance of Mr. Muir of Leith, 
 who has done so much to illustrate our early Ecclesiastical Remains, it was erected on a base of C'raigleith 
 stone, at the west door of the Church. Nothing whatever is known of its history, nor is there even a tra¬ 
 dition to supply the place of more authentic notice. 
 
 It has been supposed that the parish was dedicated to St. Madoeh or Modoch, of whom the tradi¬ 
 tion in the neighbourhood is, that, on coming from France to Scotland, he landed on the banks of the Tay, and 
 having made certain converts to the Christian faith, they erected a church with a dedication to the Saint, 
 from which, at a subsequent period, the adjoining district, when erected into a parish, received its name. 6 
 It is at least certain, that the Parish of Kilmadolc in the Presbytery of Dunblane, was dedicated to Saint 
 Modoc. 11 Stone circles abounded in the district. 
 
 " New Statistical Account of Fifeshire, p. CS. Edin. 1845. 
 
 >■ Ibidem, p. 70. 
 
 • Old Statistical Account of Scotl ind, rol. IX , p. 451, Edin 1793 
 
 * Sibbald's History of Fife and Kinross, p. 78. Cupar-Fife, 1803. 
 
 >' New Statistical Account ol Fifeshire, p. 197. Edin. 
 
 ' Brevinr. Aberdon , Pars Hycmal. Propr. Sanct., fol. XLV. 
 r New Statistical Account ot Perthshire, pp. 608, 626. 
 h Breviar. Aberdon., Pars Hjeiual Propr. Sanct., fol. XLV. 
 
N 0 T ICES 0 F T HE PL A T E S. 
 
 17 
 
 P L A T E S L V II. & L VI I I. 
 
 This beautiful Cross stands at Bankhead, near to Dupplin Castle, in the Parish of Forteviot and Shire of 
 
 Perth. In this locality Mr. Skene is inclined to place the most ancient capital of the Kings of Scotland 
 
 until its destruction by the Norwegian pirates in 904, when Scone became for a time the Seat of 
 
 Government. a Near the Village of Forteviot, on the banks of the water of May, is a heap of rubbish on 
 
 an eminence commonly called the Holy Hill, being the remains of a building which, from the burnt stones 
 and embers still remaining, seems to have been destroyed by fire. The waters of the May have long en¬ 
 croached on this hill, and carried away bits of the ruins from time to time. There have thus been 
 exposed strata of black earth, like that dug out of graves, and also a great many bones, apparently 
 human. There were also two crosses at the distance of about half a mile from this hill, one on the south side, and 
 the other on the north. That which stands on the north side, on a rising ground of Bankhead, about a quarter 
 of a mile from Dupplin Castle, is figured in the present Plates. The other, which stood on a rising 
 ground called Dronachy, was broken not many years before 1772, and a fragment now in the Churchyard 
 of Forteviot, which is drawn on Plate CXIX., probably has formed part of it. About a mile north from 
 the Cross of Bankhead is a cairn, in which were found several coffins formed of stones, and in them a 
 quantity of bones half consumed, together with “ some trinkets, in various figures, of a vitrified substance 
 and blackish colour.” b 
 
 P L A T E L 1 X. 
 
 “ Tiie Standing Stone of Sauchope” was, till lately, placed on an earthen mound near to the Burgh of 
 Crail, on the road from the latter place to Sauchope.. In consequence of a straighting of marches between 
 two conterminous Proprietors in 1851, the mound was demolished, and the Stone removed to a position a 
 little to the north of its former site. Nothing was observed in the mound at the time of its destruction, 
 nor is anything preserved relating to the history of the Stone. Many urns, containing calcined bones, have 
 been dug up in different parts of the parish. In 1843, at a place called Swinkie Hill, seven urns were got, 
 inverted, and imbedded in an artificial mound, which seemed to have been erected over them. When 
 levelling the ground adjoining to Castle Haven, several stone coffins were found with bones nearly con¬ 
 sumed; and about forty years ago thirty stone coffins were discovered on the Estate of Workiston, near 
 the cave where King Constantine II. is supposed to have been murdered by the Danes, in which the 
 bones were very entire. In this parish also is a wall of stones about half a mile in length, called the 
 Danes’ Dyke. 0 
 
 P LATE L X. 
 
 Tilts Stone stands in the Village of Fowlis, about two miles east from Crieff, on the north side of 
 Strathearn. Popular tradition supposed that it was raised to commemorate the slaughter of a wolf 
 which had long infested the district. The stone is of the old red sandstone, which is not found in the 
 neighbourhood. To its west side the “Jougs were fastened. 
 
 " Olievvations on Forteviot in Archaiologift Scotien, vol. IV., p. 271. 
 
 b New Statistical Arcountof Perthshire, p. 1173. See also a letter in the Weekly Magazine, dated 2 June*, 
 
 " New Statistical Account of Fifesliire, pp. 755-0. Kdin. 1>15. 
 
■ 
 
 13 
 
 
 NOTICES OF TIIE 
 
 P L A T E S 
 
 PLATES LX I., LX II., LX III., LX IV., & LXV. 
 
 The St. Andrews Stones represented on these Plates were found in the Churchyard of St. Andrews, about 
 thirteen yards north from the tower of St. Regains’ Chapel, at a depth of six or seven feet below the surface ; 
 but it does not appear that any correct notes were taken either of the exact locality or position of the several 
 stones when discovered, farther than is stated above, and that the several pieces were put together in such a way 
 as to form the four sides of a stone box or chest, which, however, had no top or bottom. Into this box had 
 been tumbled a miscellaneous accumulation of human bones. The men employed in digging came upon the 
 structure by mere chance, and not being aware of the sculptured character of the Stones, broke several of them 
 before they were aware of their value. What became of the fragments of these is not known. 
 
 Mr. Gibb has furnished me with the following Notes regarding these Stones 
 
 “ The Slab represented on Plate LXI., is about three feet seven inches long, by two feet broad. It 
 is very rough on the back, and thin, particularly towards the edges, which look as if made to fit into the 
 grooves of the upright corner Stones, to be afterwards described. 
 
 « Stone No. 3, on Plate LXIII., is also thin, and appears to have been made to fit into the grooves 
 of the corner Stones. There is no appearance of sculpture on the back of either of these Stones. 
 
 “ The fragment No. 4, on Plate LXIV., seems to have been a large Stone divided into compart¬ 
 ments, like the last described Stone, having a border of about the same breadth filled with a somewhat 
 
 similar design. 
 
 “ The Stone represented on Tlate LXII., and erroneously called in the Plate, end edge of Stone No. 1, 
 is sculptured on one of the sides, as shown in the engraving, and also on the right edge. On the left edge 
 there is a roughly cut groove extending the whole length of the Stone, and on the back, close to the right 
 edge, is another groove. This Stone formed one of the corners ot the Cist when found. It is about two feet 
 high, corresponding in this respect to the breadth of the Slabs Nos. 1 and 3, and it is finished at the lower 
 end by a socket (not shown in the print), some inches narrower than the Stone itself, as if made to fit into 
 a Stone Pedestal. 
 
 “ The Fragment No. 5, Plate LXIV., is apparently the corner Stone corresponding to the above, as 
 it is sculptured on the face with a somewhat similar design, and has its left edge sculptured, and a groove 
 
 in the right edge, and one on the back close to the left edge. This Stone has a socket similar to the one 
 
 mentioned above, and is broken at the top, so that the design is not complete at that particular part. 
 
 “The Stone No. 2, Plate LXII., is another corner Stone, having a sculptured design on one of the sides 
 and edges, and a groove on the other side and edge, similar to the other two Stones; also a socket at the 
 lower end, (which is not shown in the print) but while it is cut across nearly square at the top, at the 
 same height as them, it will be observed that the design is not finished, so that it has, when in its original 
 state, been considerably longer than it is at present. 
 
 “ These three last Stones are all tapered towards the top, and I am of opinion that originally there 
 has been sculpture work on the sides and edges now occupied by grooves. 
 
 “ The person having charge of these Stones in the Museum, says that there were other fragments, 
 but as they lay for a long time about St. Regulus’ Chapel uncared for, these have been all lost or destroyed. 
 
 “ With reference to their original position, the following is as near as can now be made out:— 
 
 “ Suppose that Fragment No. 5 is put into the ground, and at the distance of two feet seven inches 
 the fragment called ‘end edge of Stone No. 1,’be also put in with its grooved edge facing the grooved edge 
 of the other. Let Slab No. 1 be now inserted into the edge grooves of the upright corner Stones, and 
 there will be one entire side of the stone box or cist, measuring about four feet long. The other corner 
 Stone No. 2, will he placed opposite to No. 5, at the distance of nearly two feet; and Stone No. 3 will be 
 found to fit into the grooves on the back of the corner Stones. This will complete one of the ends of the 
 Stone Cist, showing it to have been about four feet long by two feet broad, and two feet deep. To complete 
 the whole, however, would require an additional corner Stone, and a Slab similar to No. 1, that is, supposing 
 that the Fragment No. 4 be the remains of the opposite end from No. 3. It would be impossible to form an 
 oblong box with the fragments that now remain, and make use of the grooves. 
 
19 
 
 N 0 T1 C E S OP T HE PL A T E 8. 
 
 Stone. with Socket, called in the 
 Plate “ End Edge," dx 
 
 Sculptured. ) 
 
 L f - 
 
 Elaborately ■Sculptured .Stub. 
 No. 1. 
 
 Sculptured. 
 
 
 ] Sculptured. 
 
 -aJ 
 
 Stone, of which only a 
 small fragment, No. 1, 
 
 r 
 
 i_ 
 
 Stone mounting. 
 
 
 Stone No. 2. 
 
 Stone a wanting. 
 
 “ From a, careful examination of those Stones I am of opinion that they had not originally been in¬ 
 tended for the purpose of forming a Cist, but that they had at one time been elaborately sculptured Crosses, 
 which, having been broken and thrown down, the fragments had been, by rude and unskilled workmen’, 
 appropriated and fitted to the use they served when last discovered. This, indeed, is no unusual thin"’ 
 as we find, in various parts of the country. Stones of similarly rich and ornate character applied to 
 uses even more removed from their undoubted original purpose-as, for example, the Slabs at Cadbol 
 and Golspie used as tombstones ;-the richly sculptured fragments at Drainie, used to form part of a 
 farm dyke i-the fragment at Inverury, used as gate posts to the Church, &c„ &c„” It must however be 
 borne m mind, that these slabs are sculptured only on one side-wbich is not so likely to have occurred if 
 they had originally formed parts of Crosses. 
 
 PLATE LXIV. 
 
 'The Cross in the Church of Crail has, since the year 1815, formed part of the pavement in a passage where 
 .t ,s exposed to the weekly treading of many feet, and unless it is rescued from this unfortunate position 
 its carved surface will m time be defaced. Previous to this degradation, it was placed in a corner of the Church ’- 
 but its original site seems to be unknown. Other relics of similar antiquity are believed to have been in the 
 church before its last repair, hut the workmen, not knowing the value put upon them by antiquaries, hewed 
 them down into paving stones. 11 
 
 PLATE LX V. 
 
 This Cross, which is of sandstone, stands on a base of stone nearly in the centre of the town of Crieff and 
 contains the remains of an iron staple, to which, probably, the “ Jougs" had in former days been attached. ’ On 
 one of the sides the sculpture has been defaced. Nothing seems to be known of the early history of this 
 Cross, but it has been recently stated that “ some of the last, or at least of a previous generation, re- 
 membered that it stood on the neighbouring farm of Trovvan.” b 
 
 Tl.is is a farm in the adjoining Parish of Strowan, which seems to have taken its name from some 
 connection with St. Rowan, the Patron Saint of the parish. On a knoll near the House of Strowan, on 
 
 ^ New Statist Acc. of Perthshire, p, 502. 
 
 * New Statistical Account of Fifeshire, p, 950. Kdin. 18-15. 
 
 Etlili. LMJ4. 
 
20 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 the opposite bank of the Earn from the farm of Trowan, stands a Cross in a base of Stone, which marks 
 the site of an old market. This Cross has an inscription, of which the first letters are INRI, and is of a 
 modern type compared with the one at Crieff. In the river Earn, close to the House of Strowan, is 
 “ Saint Rowan’s Linn, in which he bathed himself. We have also Saint Rowan’s Dam Dike going through 
 the water, wherein he had a cruive which furnished him with fish on his fasting days. Below this is 
 his well of fine water, and a little west of the church is his large Stone Cross, where his market is still 
 “ kept.” 8 A market, formerly held at the Cross near to the House of Strowan, is now kept at Crieff. Many 
 circles of stone were at one time in the Parish. b 
 
 P L ATE L X V I. 
 
 This Cross, which is of Sandstone, is now placed in the pleasure grounds of Largo House, Fifeshire; but 
 it was taken from a wall forming part of or contiguous to old Largo House, by the late General James 
 Durham of Largo, in the year 1839, and its original site is not known. 
 
 Nome’s Law, on which the remarkable silver ornaments, which are figured in Plate CXXXIII., were 
 found, is about two miles distant from Largo House. 
 
 Near to Lundin House, in this Parish, are three remarkable pillars of red unwrought sandstone, 
 close to which ancient graves have been found. 
 
 PLATE L X V 11. 
 
 The Stone at Ballutheron is situated in the Parish of Stratlimartine, about five miles from Dundee. A 
 country tradition has connected the transfixed serpent on it with a dragon, who, having devoured nine maidens, 
 was at last slain by their father on the spot where the Stone is erected. The Church appears to have been 
 dedicated to St. Martin. 
 
 Figure 2 represents the Cross found in the old Church of Fordoun, in Kincardineshire, towards the end 
 
 of last century. It is now placed at the door of St. Palladios’ Chapel, in the Churchyard of Fordoun. A 
 description of it, by Professor Stuart of Aberdeen, along with an engraving, occurs in the second volume 
 of Archaeologia Scotica, p. 314. On the upper part of the Stone, on the left side, are some almost effaced 
 traces of ornament, which have at times been called the letters of a supposed inscription. 
 
 Fordoun is celebrated in our early Ecclesiastical history as the burial place of St. Palladius. The 
 Saint’s Well still bubbles up before the door of the Manse, and the remains of his Chapel are in the Church¬ 
 yard. On the Hersha, a hill about a mile north-east of the Kirk, are seven large Stones, said to be the 
 remains of a “ Druidical ” Circle. 
 
 PLATE L X V 111. 
 
 This Stone was found in the year 1849, in the burial ground of the ancient Parish of Inchbrayock, an islet 
 in the South Esk Water, which now forms part of the Parish of Craig, near Montrose. At that time the 
 
 Cross was used as a common headstone, but has since that time been removed to the Parish Kirk of 
 Craig. Nothing has been ascertained of its history. 
 
 Scoticfl, vol. II, i) 
 
 * Account of Monievuird ami Strowan by Air. Porlcous. Archaologia 
 
 1 New Statistical Account of Perthshire, pp, .'O-.’-'t. 
 c New Statistical Account of Fifeshire, p- -13s. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 21 
 
 PLATE LX IX. 
 
 This broken Cross stands in the Churchyard of St. Vigeans, near Arbroath. A few vears ago it formed, 
 along with the fragment of another Cross (represented in Plate LXXI., No. 3), part of the pavement at the 
 bottom of a stair in the Church. In a panel, on one edge of the Cross, is an incised inscription, which ap¬ 
 pears to resemble the inscribed characters on many Irish monuments. 51 The panel, on the opposite edge, is 
 filled with scroll ornament. A part of one of these Crosses forms the footstep in which the Cross in this Plate 
 is placed. Another part lies buried beneath a modern tomb, and is said to have upon it two figures kneeling 
 on either side of an interlaced Cross. The tomb of St. Vigean is said to have been shown in this Church¬ 
 yard, of whom Dempster says (Hist. Eccl. Gentis Scotorum, Lib. xix., vol. ii., p. G48, Bann. Club Edit.) Floruit 
 anno M. sub Kennetho III. Huic templum Aberbroth. sacrum, in cujus cemeterio lignea crux erat, quam nec 
 ferr urn nec ignis dejicere potuit.” The Church is built on the summit of a conical mount rising abruptly 
 from the little river Brothock, distant about one mile from the Abbey and Town of Arbroath, the site of 
 which was probably included within the ancient Parish of St. Vigean, Aberbrothoc, before the foundation of 
 the Monastery in the twelfth century. 6 
 
 PLATE L X X. 
 
 This remarkable Cross forms part of the group in the Churchyard of St. Vigeans, already described. It 
 has suffered considerably from the mason’s chisel. 
 
 PLATE LXXI. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 This Plate contains another of the Crosses at St. Vigeans. Of it Mr. Chalmers says, “ It has figures on one side 
 only ; and may either have been split or may have formed the cover of a stone coffin. Dr. Buist, in a paper read 
 before the Literary Society of St. Andrews in 1838, states that one of the Stones at St. Vigeans is known to have 
 formed the cover of a sarcophagus or stone coffin; but it cannot be traced at present, nor is the Doctor’s 
 authority known.” 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The other Stone in this Plate stands in a field near the Church of Aberlemno, close to the old road from Brechin 
 to Forfar. 0 It is incised, and, like the Aberdeenshire Stones of this class, it is sculptured only on one side. 
 
 PLATE LXXI I. 
 
 Tiie uppermost Stone in this Plate is an incised slab, built into the wall of the southern aisle of the Church of St. 
 Vigean. The Church, says Mr. Chalmers, is commonly ascribed to the latter part of the twelfth century ; but 
 this aisle is of a date subsequent to that of the Church. 
 
 The rest of the Plate is occupied with representations of the two sides of a stone, resting on a pedestal of 
 modern masonry, in the Churchyard of Meigle. 
 
 n In the “Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland," vol. 
 I., p. 82, is a paper by W. F. Skene, Esq., on “Ancient Gaelic In¬ 
 scriptions in Scotland,” which contains a proposed reading of the St. 
 Vigeans Inscription. Another reading of it is suggested in a “Memo¬ 
 randum respecting _some Ancient Inscriptions in Scotland,” by John 
 
 Ramsay, Esq., which appears in the “ Proceedings of the Royal Irish 
 Academy," vol. III., part III. 
 
 b Sculptured Monuments of Angus, Notice of Plates, p. 7. 
 c Ibid, p. 8. 
 
 G 
 
- . . 
 
 22 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 PLATES LX XIII., LXXIV., & LXXV. 
 
 These Plates represent Stone Crosses in the Churchyard of Meigle. What can be said of them will he best 
 said in the words of Mr. Chalmers :— a 
 
 “ It is said in the Statistical Accounts of Scotland, that all the sculptured Stones extant at Meigle 
 are but parts of one grand Monument; but the writers have in this forsaken their authority, Hector Boece, 
 who says distinctly, that at Meigle were several (complura) b monuments, but that the most elaborate and 
 remarkable of them was that attributed to Guanora, Arthur’s Queen, ‘uti admonet titulus.’ Ilis story is, 
 that Guanora, and many nobles, men and women in her train, fell to the share of the Piets, in the division 
 of plunder after the defeat and death of Modred, on the banks of the Humber; and having been brought into 
 Angus, were detained for the rest of their lives prisoners within the strong fortress of Dunbarre, now Barry 
 Hill. In proof of this, he appeals to the yet visible traces of the ruined fort, and to the tombs at Meigle, 
 from which Barry Hill is distant about two or three miles. 
 
 “ To dwell on the fable of Guanora would be idle; but, it may be asked, did a tradition of such captivity 
 prevail in the neighbourhood before the days of Hector Boece, as undoubtedly has done since the publica¬ 
 tion of his history ? On this it may be remarked, that Boece does not assert such a tradition, nor pretend 
 to found his story on it. lie says distinctly that he takes Yeremundus and Turgotus for his authorities, 
 and rejects that of Geoffrey of Monmouth, whose account of Arthur is sufficiently fabulous, but sends 
 Guanora to a Nunnery at Caerleon. He does not notice the less improbable history of Arthur, given by 
 Nennius, which, however, he may not have seen. But Boece tells us of a tradition or superstition, which 
 might have prevailed independent of a monument to Guanora, though he has coupled her name with it, 
 namely, that if any woman should tread on the tomb she should thenceforth be barren, as was Guanora; 
 and he affirms, as of his own knowledge, that the women of the neighbourhood abhor the monument, and 
 are unwilling even to look upon it. More credit might be given to what he says of this tradition, had he 
 not told us that the monument was inscribed to Guanora—‘ uti admonet titulus.’ Now, there can hardly be 
 a doubt, that if he had seen such an inscription he would have copied it into his work; and so seems to 
 have thought Bellenden his translator, for he translates the inscription, which his author ought to have 
 given thus:—And specially the sepulture of Guanora, as the title writtin thairapon schavvis®—‘AH wemen 
 that strampis on this sepulture shall be ay barrant, but ony fruit of their wamb, sicklikc as Guanora was.’ 
 
 “ Andrew Wyntown' 1 and Fordun 0 relate the history of Arthur, but make no mention of Guanora. 
 Joannes Major says nothing of her having been brought to Scotland, but mentions that he had read, in a 
 
 History of the Britons/ that Anguischel, King of the Piets, an ally of Arthur, was killed in the first battle 
 
 with Modred, and that Arthur sent his body to Scotland for interment. Buchanan contents himself with a 
 contemptuous allusion to the fables. g Holinshed u gives her Scottish story entirely on the authority of 
 Boece, and adds the wholesome caution, that he who would reconcile the conflicting accounts of her, must 
 believe, with Sir John Price, that Arthur had three different wives of the same name. Gordon, in his 
 ‘ Itinerarium Septentrionale,’ 1 hints a reasonable suspicion, that there was at Meigle no genuine tradition 
 of Guanora. Pinkerton •> quotes, from a MS. at Panmure, a note which he says is in the hand¬ 
 writing of Henry Sinclair, Dean of Glasgow, about 1560. The Panmure MS. cannot now be found, but 
 
 seems to have been a copy of that in the Advocates’ Library, edited by Mr. Turnbull for the Abbotsford 
 Club, and already quoted. The note is as follows, under the year 1569 :—‘ At the Newtylde thair (is) ane 
 Stain, callit be sum the Thane Stane, iii eln of heicht, v quarterns braid, ane quarter thik and mair, with 
 ane cors at the lieid of it, and ane goddes next that in ane cairt, and twa hors drawand liir, and horsemen 
 under that, and fuitmen and dogges, lialkis and serpentis : on the west side of it, ane cors euriouslie 
 grauit ; bat all is maid of ane auld fassane of schap. It is allegit that the Thane of Glammis set thir 
 twa stanis quhen that cuntrey wes all ane greit forrest.’ 
 
 * Sculp. Stones of Angus. Notice of the Plates, p. 5. 
 
 Seotorum Historise, fol. 165, folio, Parisiis, 1575. 
 
 0 Works of John Bellenden, vol II, p. 8G, 4to. Edin. 1822. 
 
 * Wyntownis Cronykil, Book V., ch. xii., line 251, et seq. 
 
 0 Forduni Scotichronicon, lib. iii., cap. 24, 25, 26. 
 
 i llistoriu Majoris Britannia;,per Joannem Majorem,p. 66,4to. Edin. 
 1740. 
 
 * Non fgnoro qua; de vita ct mortc Arctnri a mnltis fabnlose tradnn- 
 tur: Sed indigna relatti sunt, et viri clarissimi rebus gestis tenebras 
 offundunt (Rerum Scoticarum, Lib. quintus, p 83, folio. Edin. 1715.) 
 
 11 Holinshed's Chronicles, vol. 1,580, 4to. Lond. 1807. 
 
 1 Jtlnerariuro Septentrionale, p. 1G2. folio. Lond 1726. 
 
 J An inquiry into the History of Scotland, vol. I., Advertisement, p. 
 ix., 8vo. Edin. 1814. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 23 
 
 “ There can scarcely be a doubt, that this description applies to the Monument at Meigle, called 
 Guanora’s. Newtyle and Meigle are villages within two miles of each other; and it seems justifiable to 
 presume an error in name. Here we have a description of the Monument, written little more than 
 forty years after the publication of Boece’s History; and not only is his tradition not mentioned, but a 
 different one is given, connecting the Stones with the Thane of Glammis. But this description is of the 
 more value, that it gives us a notion of what the Monument was in those days. It appears that a cross 
 formed the uppermost part of the Monument; and as the writer speaks of but ‘ twa stanis,’ may it not be 
 presumed, that one of the Crosses in the present Plates was the apex of the Monument 1 Immediately 
 below the Cross was the ‘goddes’ in a cart (Plate LXXVI., No. 6), and below that again were horsemen 
 (Plate LXXVL No. 1), ‘and fuitmen, and doggis, lialkis and serpentis:’ on the west side of it, ane cors 
 ‘ curiouslie grauit’; which probably was the other of the two Crosses in Plates LXXIII., LXXIV., and 
 LXXV. The footmen, dogs, hawks, and serpents, are wanting; but remains of them may perhaps be 
 found in Plates LXXII., LXXVII., XCIII, and CXXVII. The Cross in Plate XCIII., No. 8, seems 
 too small to have formed the upper part of so large a Monument; and it is probable that the summit 
 would be formed of a Cruciform Stone, rather than of one having merely the figure of a Cross engraved 
 upon it. It is to be noted, also, that Boece uses the word ‘ complura’ in speaking of the Monuments at 
 Meigle, which infers the existence of more than two; nor does Dean Sinclair’s expression (thir twa stanis) 
 necessarily limit the number to two, but may merely imply that two in particular were called the Thane’s 
 Stones. 
 
 “ Pennant says of Guanora’s Monument, 4 It is reported that her grave was surrounded by three Stones, 
 in form of a triangle, mortised into one another. Some of them have holes and grooves for that purpose, 
 but are now disjointed and removed to different places.’ a 
 
 “ The poet Gray, in one of his letters, mentions having seen at Meigle * the Tomb of Queen Wanders, 
 that was riven to dethe by staned horses for nae gude that she did; ’ as the women there told him. b 
 
 “ In Belmont Park, which almost adjoins the Churchyard of Meigle, is a Tumulus, called Belliduff, 
 said to mark the spot where Macbeth fell; but there is no reason to doubt but he was killed at Lum- 
 phanan, many miles distant. There is also, within the Park, a large unhewn stone, about twelve feet high 
 and of twenty tons weight, called Siward’s Stone ; and near to this is a Tumulus, called Duff’s Knowe. 
 Beyond Belmont is a place called Arthurstone, sometimes referred to in support of the tradition of 
 Guanora; but the name is perhaps not of very old date, its earliest occurrence, so far as has yet been 
 found, being in a Retour dated in 1637. c The place takes its name from an enormous block or outlier of 
 sandstone, of such dimensions that a cottage has of late years been built out of it. 
 
 “ It may, probably, be safely inferred, from a comparison of the preceding notices, that no genuine 
 tradition of Guanora exists at Meigle, and that Pennant was misinformed as to one of the Crosses, at 
 least, having formed any part of a triangular monument. The preservation of the monuments at Meigle 
 is chiefly due to the care and good taste of Mr. Murray of Arthurstone.” 
 
 Plates CXXVII. and CXXXII. contain some fragments at Meigle, in addition to those given in Mr. 
 Chalmers’s volume. It will be observed, by reference to the scale, that some of the Crosses have been of a 
 very small size. 
 
 There is only one of the Crosses at Meigle (LXXIV., LXXV.), which has projections, like tenons, for 
 fitting into another erection, and there do not appear to be corresponding holes in any of the other Crosses. 
 Similar projections occur in the Cross at Fowlis Wester, near Crieff, Plate LX. The Cross at Tuam, 
 in Ireland, which was originally about thirty feet in height, and of slender proportions, consisted of eight 
 Stones morticed into each other, the whole being, as is supposed, fixed into the Cathedral Walls for support.' 1 
 
 I had a digging recently made under some of the Stones at Meigle, which was superintended by 
 Dr. Wise and Mr. Jervise. Close to the Cross in Plates LXXIII. and LXXIV., at a depth of two and 
 a-half feet below the surface, a skeleton was found, laid at full length on the original soil. There was no 
 appearance of a Cist, but the head and feet were each protected by two small stones, laid against each other, 
 so as to cover the remains. The feet were under the Monument, with the head towards the west; and 
 
 h Gray's Works, vol. ii., p. 207., 8vo. Loiul. 1807. 
 ura Abbreviate, vol. II. Perth (465), Jan. 14, 1037. 
 
 » A Tour in Scotland, 1772, part II., 4to. Loral. 1770. 
 
 «Inquisitionum ad Capellam Domini Regis Retornatari 
 J O’Neill's Irish Crosses, parts I. & II. 
 
NOTICES OE THE PLATES. 
 
 at two places in the immediate neighbourhood thin sandstone flags, with remains of bones, were found, 
 indicating, from their disordered appearance, that the spot had been searched previously. The Cross on Plates 
 LXXIV., LXXV., is inserted in a plinth of stone, which is evidently of modern date. Nothing was dis¬ 
 covered on digging about this Monument. 
 
 The oblong Stone in the upper part of Plate LXXVL, is placed on a mound in the churchyard. 
 Its original site is not known. 
 
 The remarkable Stone in the under part of this Plate is now built into the inside wall of the Parish 
 Church. 
 
 PLATES LXXVL 
 
 LXX VII. 
 
 The fragments at Meigle have been referred to in the description of the immediately preceding plates. 
 
 The fragment at Stratlimartine (Plate LXXVII.), stands by the side of the public road, opposite to 
 the gate of the old Churchyard of St. Martin. It has been stated to me that this Stone, along with an¬ 
 other slab, which, as yet, I have been unable to find, were dug up from a depth of six feet in the church¬ 
 yard of Stratlimartine, about sixty years ago. It is believed to be connected with the story of the dragon, 
 referred to in describing the Stone at Ballutlieron, in the same Parish, Plate LXVII., which is about a 
 mile and a half north of the Stratlimartine Stone. The “Nine Maiden Well” is close to the old churchyard 
 Another fragment at Stratlimartine will be found on Plate CXXXII. 
 
 PLATES LXX VIII.—LXXXI. 
 
 These four Plates are occupied by representations of two remarkable Crosses at Aberlemno—the former of 
 which is in the Churchyard at the west end of the Kirk, and the latter stands by the roadside in an ad¬ 
 jacent field. Gordon, in his Iter Septentrionale, speaks of four or five obelisks at Aberlemno, which lie con¬ 
 siders as monuments of victories over the Danes. Of these crosses Mr. Chalmers remarks :— 
 
 “ The fine Cross on Plates LXXX. and LXXXI., is said, by tradition, to commemorate the fall of a 
 “ body of Danes on their retreat from the battle of Barry; their leader, Camus, being said to have fallen at 
 “ Camuston, a hill at a short distance from Barry. Hector Boece thus describes the slaughter:—‘ Parem 
 “ ‘ cladem nobilissimus Danorum manipulus est sortitus ad Aberlemnonem, vicum vix a Brecheno, nunc civi- 
 “ ‘ tate Episcopali sede honestata, quatuor passuum millibus : qui a Scotis interceptus ibidem ferro occubuit. 
 “ ‘ Quo loco ingens lapis est erectus. Huie animantium effigies nonnullis cum characteribus artificiose, ut 
 “‘turn fiebat, quee rem gestam posteritati annunciarent, sunt inculptse.” 0 Thus translated by Bellenden,— 
 <c t A ne otliir cumpany of Danis, fleand in the samin maner, war slane at Abirlennon, not iv milis fra Brechin ; 
 it t quliare ane gret stane is ingravin with crafty letteris, to advertis the passingeris of the anciant and illuster 
 “ «dedis done be our eldaris aganis the Danis.’ If ever there were letters engraven on it, they have long since 
 disappeared.” 
 
 “The following description, anno 1569, is taken from «Extracta e Cronicis Scoticc,” edited by Mr. 
 Turnbull for the Abbotsford Club “ At Abyr . . . (Aberlemno) Kirk, iii myle fra Forfair, there is ane stane 
 “ «cors iii eln of heicht, ane eln braid, ane schaft b thik, curiouslie wrocht, grauit with pictors of men and diuers 
 “ ( uther figuris, with ane cairn of stanis besyde it." The Stone stands, with two others, in a field close to the 
 old road from Forfar to Brechin, near the Village of Crosstoun of Aberlemno. On one of the three Stones 
 there is no longer any trace of figures, and perhaps it never had any: the other is engraved in Plate LXXI. 0 
 Besides the Stones at Aberlemno, already noticed, two Crosses, and a sculptured slab covering a cist, found in 
 the same parish, are afterwards noticed in Plate XCIX. On the lands which adjoin the Kirk of Aberlemno 
 
 • “ Monuments of Angus.” Notes to tlie Plates, p. 8. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 25 
 
 on the south anil east, ancient graves have been found in almost every field; and in the low ground between 
 Hemillgton and the Den of Melgund, they are so numerous, that, on opening the smallest hillock, specimens 
 can be procured almost at convenience. They are now fewer in number than they were some years ago, for 
 the farmer of Melgund admits, that, in levelling down a great many hillocks on his farm, he buried the bones 
 in places where he found it convenient, and used the coffin slabs for covers to his drains. 
 
 On the top of the Hill of Angus, which is on the farm of Melgund, a large earthen barrow formed 
 a conspicuous object in the landscape till of late years. Two or three stone coffins were found in it, which 
 contained small quantities of bones. 
 
 I had a digging recently made under the Cross at Abcrlemno (Plates LXXX., LXXXI.) as also 
 under the unsculptured Pillar above referred to, at the sight of Mr. Jervise, but without any marked re¬ 
 sult. There appeared in both cases cairns of small stones about the Crosses, in which were found frag¬ 
 ments of sandstone flags ; and there seems little reason to doubt that the sites had been searched at some 
 former time. The stones around the unseulptured pillar were probably gathered off the field for agricultural 
 purposes. 
 
 . The monument on Plates LXXX., LXXXI., is inserted in a pedestal of stone, formed of a large 
 rude block. 
 
 PLATE LXXXII. 
 
 1 be Stone here represented stood, until lately, within the burying ground attached to the old Church of 
 Aldbar, but, having been wantonly broken from its footstep, was removed to the House of Aldbar, where 
 it now is. It is described in Pinkerton's Correspondence, vol. II., p. 412. There is no tradition relatine 
 to it. 
 
 The old Church of Aldbar was placed in the bottom of a narrow glen by the side of the burn, which, 
 flowing by the margin of the churchyard, runs down to join the South Esk water about a mile below. The 
 precipitous sides of the glen are covered with wood; and the unusual and secluded site of the church has sug¬ 
 gested the idea, that it was originally the oratory of a hermit, in the remote times when the heremitical 
 system prevailed among us. Aldbar has long ceased to be a separate parish, and the greater part of it 
 been added to Aberlemno. The old Church, which was of very small dimensions, had become quite ruinous, 
 but was rebuilt some years ago by the late Mr. Chalmers, under the charge of Mr. Billings, with the 
 view of being used as a mortuary chapel. 
 
 Several stone coffins have been found in the neighbourhood ; and in a field lying westward from the 
 old Church stood the “ Coort Law.” It was an artificial mound about fifteen feet high, composed of a mass 
 of stones such as are found in the adjoining lands, and covered over with earth. When it was taken 
 down, there were several stone coffins found in it about three feet long, formed of rude sandstone flags. 
 They contained urns, and, in some instances, fragments of human hones. 11 
 
 PLATE LXXXII I. 
 
 The Pillar here represented stands in a cairn of stones, within a wood near Thornton, in the Parish of 
 Glammis. According to the country tradition, it is held to mark the spot where King Malcolm II. fell 
 mortally, wounded in a skirmish in the neighbourhood of Glammis. Glammis formed one of the ancient 
 divisions of land called Thanages, which may be held to shew its early cultivation and settlement. In the 
 glen of Denoon are the remains of an ancient fort, upon the top of an isolated basaltic hill, rising up in 
 the bottom of the glen, and to such height as to command an extensive view of Strathmore. b It presents 
 
 * Information from Mr. Ji 
 
 b New Stat Ace. of Forfarshire, p. 344-6. Edin 1843. 
 
.. . .*W- ■Vf-r-T- 5-. 
 
 2 G 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 a precipitous front of rocks to the south and south-west. On the other side, although steep, it is covered 
 with a vivid green sward, forming a remarkable contrast with the heath-clad hills of Sidlaw which adjoin 
 it. An ancient toft, close by its side, still retains the name of “ Piet’s Mill.” A recent digging was made 
 round this monument without any result. 
 
 PLATE LXXXIV. 
 
 This Stone stands close to the Manse of Glammis, and, like the previous one, has been associated by tradition 
 with the fate of King Malcolm II., it being called his gravestone. Gordon and Pennant describe the Stone 
 as within the churchyard.® 
 
 PLATE LXXXY. 
 
 The Stone of St. Orlaud, or St. Erland, stands on a rising ground in a field about a mile north-east 
 from the Castle of Glammis. I had a digging recently made around this monument, which was superin¬ 
 tended by my friend Mr. Jervise of Brechin. The result was, that five cists, or coffins of stone, were brought 
 to light, at a depth of about fifteen inches below the surface, some of them close to the Pillar, and others at a dis¬ 
 tance of twelve feet, in a line running on the south side of the Pillar. They were formed of thin undressed slabs 
 of red sandstone, varying in thickness from one to three inches, from nine inches to one foot in height, 
 and one to two feet in length—two or more stones being used for each side and top, with the exception of 
 the side of one cist, and the top of another, which were respectively formed of one stone. All the bodies 
 lay with their heads towards the west, and they appeared to have been doubled up in the cists, which were 
 about three feet long. The bones were generally in a state of great decay. They were laid on the soil, 
 there being no flags in the bottom or end of the cists. St. Orland’s Stone is set from eighteen to twenty- 
 four inches into the ground, and has no pedestal. 
 
 Mr. Jervise informs me, that, about fourteen years ago, several cists were found in the same neigh¬ 
 bourhood, which also contained human bones. 
 
 Mr. Gibb’s drawing of this stone has preserved more of its beautiful details than that in “ The 
 Sculptured Monuments of Angus,” especially a boat with several human figures in it. 
 
 PLATE LXXXYI. 
 
 Tins Stone was found in the Churchyard of Farnell, in the year 1849, by Mr. Jervise. No tradition is 
 connected with it. At the Greenlaw, and Red Den, about a mile westward of the church, various stone 
 coffins and urns have occasionally been found. 
 
 PLATE LX XX VII. 
 
 “ Tins represents the Cross at Camuston, near Panmure, and is popularly supposed to mark the spot where 
 Camus, said to have been the Commander of the Danes, fell, on his retreat from the Battle of Barry. This 
 supposition has gained credit, from the circumstance of a stone coffin having been found near the place, 
 about the beginning of the seventeenth century, containing a skeleton of large size, of which the skull seemed 
 
 ii Sept., pp. 162-3. Pennant’s Tour in Scotland, 1772, vol. TI. p. 173. 
 
X 0 T J C E S () F THE PL A T E S. 
 
 27 
 
 to have been cut away by the stroke of a sword. The following is Commissary Maule’s description of it, 
 as given in Gordon’s “ Itinerarium,” the only authority in which any account of it is known to exist:— 
 “ ‘ About eight miles from Brechin, at Karboddo, a place belonging to the Earl of Crawford, is to be seen the 
 vestiges of a Danish Camp, fortified with a rampart and ditch, and vulgarly called Norway Dikes; near which 
 is the village of Panbride, where was anciently a church, dedicated to St, Brigide, because, on that Saint's 
 day, which preceded the battle, Camus, General of the Danes, pitched his camp there. Not far from 
 whence is the Village of Barry, where a mighty battle was fought between the Danes and Scots, with great 
 slaughter on both sides, near the mouth of a small rivulet called Loch-Tay. There, many little artificial 
 mounts, or tumuli, are still to be seen, within which were buried the bodies of those slain in the fio-ht; 
 and because the soil thereabouts is sandy, the wind blowing away the sand, frequently discovers bones 
 of a size much exceeding men of our age. a Near this is Camus Town, a village belonging to the Barons 
 of Panmure, and noted for the death of Camus, slain there, it being only a mile from the field of battle. There, 
 to this day, is to be seen an obelisk, whereon little is engraven, to evince the truth thereof; for, upon 
 the east side is the figure of Moses (if I mistake not) giving out the Law, engraven in three divisions; 
 and on the side towards the west, upon the upper part, is the effigies of our Saviour on the Cross; 
 below which is the representation of a horseman shooting with a cross-bow. This is all I could observe 
 
 at that time; but nine years after I wrote that treatise, a plough, turning up the ground near this obe¬ 
 
 lisk, discovered a large sepulchre, believed to be that of Camus, inclosed with four great stones. Here, a huge 
 skeleton was dug up, supposed to have been the body of Camus. It appeared to have received its death by 
 a wound on the back part of the head, seeing a considerable part of the skull was cut away, and pro¬ 
 bably by the stroke of a sword.’ ” b 
 
 “ There is nothing in the appearance of the Cross, or in the emblems on it, to lead to the con¬ 
 clusion that it was intended to commemorate a Danish leader who had fallen in action ; indeed, a bare 
 inspection of the Cross seems almost sufficient to confute the notion. But it has been doubted whether 
 the Danes had any leader named Camus : it is not a Danish name, and is not found in the older chro¬ 
 nicles. The name of the place, too, is spelled in old writs, and even to this day, Cambestowne, and is 
 
 found in other parts of Scotland, as at Commestoune or Comiston, in Kincardineshire, where also Camus 
 
 is said to have fallen; and in Castrum de Camys, Inverness-shire; Villa de Cambus and Cammis, Cam- 
 busbarclay, and Cammismore in Perthshire; Cambuskenneth, Cambusmichael, &c.; but it is useless to ac¬ 
 cumulate instances.” To these, however, may be added the Camus Stone, which formerly stood near the 
 Borough Muir of Edinburgh, and the Camus Stone of Ivintore, Aberdeenshire. 0 
 
 “ Camuston, or Cambestowne, is situated within the Barony of Downie, now part of the Estate of 
 Panmure, and doubtless was the site of the chief place of the barony. A considerable payment was made 
 annually out of the Barony of Downie to the Prior and Canons of Rostinoth." d 
 
 I am informed by Mr. Jervise that the Cross of Camus was removed about six feet southwards 
 
 from its former position in the year 1853, by Lord Panmure's order. 
 
 He adds, “ the quantity of tumuli and rude stone coffins which have been found along the sands 
 
 of Barry and Carnoustie is very great, particularly on the lands of Carlungic, about a mile south of Camus¬ 
 
 ton. This part abounds in gravel hillocks, and in all those which have been opened one or more rude stone 
 coffins have been found. None of these exceeded three or four feet in length, and they were uniformly 
 constructed of rude red sandstone flags, with gravel in the bottom. Clay urns are sometimes found in the 
 coffins.” 
 
 The site of Camus Cross is in the Parish of Monikie, which was dedicated to St. Marnoch. 
 
 PLATE L X X X V111 
 
 *« The Cross contained in this Plate is built into a window of the ruined Church of tnvergowrie, so as to 
 
 * Bronze Celts have been repeatedly found there, 
 Itinerarium Scptcntrionale, p. 154. 
 
 W'ilson's Prehistoric Annals, p 93. 
 
 Notices of the Plates, p. IS. Sculp. Stones of Angus. 
 
28 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 leave both faces visible. Invergowrie is about three miles from Dundee, and was suppressed as a Parish 
 about the middle of the seventeenth century. The Church is now used as the private burying place of 
 the Clay hills family. 
 
 The original Church is supposed to have been founded by St. Boniface, Bishop of Ross, who seems 
 to have been a Missionary from Italy; is said to have built many churches, and to have died about 630. a 
 
 Invergowrie was the residence of King Alexander I., who conferred the church and three carucates of 
 land on the Monastery of Scone. b 
 
 The three figures on this Cross are very curious. The ornaments which two of them wear on their 
 necks are supposed to be discs of metal, which fit the neck, and are fastened to the dress by laces, passed 
 through small holes, perforated in the disc. At the Lincoln Meeting of the Archieological Institute in 1848, 
 was exhibited a disc of gold of this sort, found in Ireland. Whether they were insignia of rank, or of 
 sacred dignity, seems to be unknown.” c 
 
 P L Ayr E LX X X I X. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The fragment of a Cross, on the upper part of this Plate, is built into the wall of the ruined Church of 
 Invergowrie, before noticed. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 This is one of several fragments found in the walls of the old Church of Kingoldrum, when it was pulled 
 down in 1840. The Church was built before the Reformation, but its date is uncertain. 
 
 Other fragments occur at Plates XLIX. and XCIII. 
 
 PLATES X C. & X C I. 
 
 These Plates represent both sides of a sculptured pillar, near the old Chui’ch of Eassie, in Strathmore. 
 The united Parish of Eassie and Nevay adjoins Meigle, where so many similar monuments have been found. 
 It lay for many years in the bed of a stream, and has suffered a good deal from rough usage. 
 
 About a mile from the old Church of Eassie, there is a large circular mound, on which the farm house 
 of Castle Nairne is built. 
 
 PLATE X C11. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The first Stone in this Plate was dug up on one of the farms of the Dunnichen Estate, about the year 1811. 
 It is sculptured on only one side, and the figures are incised. 
 
 * Butler’s Lives of the Saints, under 14tli of March. Butler makes 
 St. Boniface to have landed near the mouth of the Tees; but the names 
 of the other places he mentions are mis spelled, and the Tay is probably 
 meant. Another account says, he landed near the mouth of a river 
 which divides Angus and Mearns. This would be the Tina, now North 
 Esk, near the mouth of which, on the Mearns coast, are more than one 
 small creek or harbour, in which the Saint may have landed, and near to 
 one of the principal churches said to be founded by him, viz., Ecclesgreig, 
 
 the Parish Church of which, dedicated to St. Cyr, was rebuilt in 1242. 
 (Reg. Prior 8. Andree, p. 348, Ban. Club.) There was also here a chapel, 
 dedicated to St. Rule, and a religious house, (abbacia) probably of Cul- 
 dees (Ibid, p. 229, 230, 234.) It is likely that it was suppressed by King 
 Duvid, at his reformation of the houses of that body. (Note by Mr. 
 Chalmers.) 
 
 b Liber de Scon, p. 2, Ban. Club, 1843. 
 
 ' “ Monuments of Angus." Notice of the Plates, p. 15. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 29 
 
 Dunnichen is about three miles from Forfar. The name of the Parish is written Dun-Nechtan, in a 
 Charter by William the Lion, and in other early Charters. This seems to have been the site of the battle 
 between the Northumbrian Egfrid and Bridei, King of the Piets, (A.D. 685,) which resulted in the defeat of 
 the former; and subsequently, near to the same place, Feredeth, the Scots King, and his army, shared the 
 same fate at the hands of Alpin the Pictish Prince. a At a little distance is the Hill of Dunberach, now 
 Dunbarrow, which disputes with the Hill of Barry the honour of having been the prison of Guanora. 
 There is on this hill a jutting rock, called Arthur’s Seat. Pitmuies, the site of a Cross, now all but ob¬ 
 literated, is at a little distance. Several rude unhewn pillars may be seen within a mile or two. 
 
 The Dunnichen Monument was dug up on one of the farms of the Dunnichen Estate about the year 
 1811, and, in early times, says Mr. Jervise, had been on the very margin, if not within Nechtan’s Mere, where 
 the defeat of Egfrid took place. By an account furnished to Dr. Ilibbert, the Stone is said to have been 
 brought from a place near to Restennot. The Church, near to which the Stone is now erected, was dedicated 
 to St. Constantine. Throughout the whole farm of East Mains of Dunnichen, which has been reclaimed from 
 the Swamp or Mere, great quantities of tumuli and primitive graves have been discovered. On the Lands 
 of Lownie also, (the original property of the Auchterlonies) and in the King's Muir adjoining, various specimens 
 of old interments have been got. These are supposed to mark the conflict between Feredeth and Alpin, before 
 referred to. A piece of artificial ground, called “ The Brugh,” b lies in this district. It is described by Dr. 
 Jamieson, who says that an ancient stone coffin, of the Pictish kind, was found there some years before he 
 wrote. It is supposed by Jamieson to have been the tomb of Feredeth, from the fact of its peculiar con¬ 
 struction, and because the Chroniclers say that Alpin laid him in Christian burial, not far from Forfar. The 
 place adjoining bears the name of Feredan field. More recently, about a mile north-east of the town of 
 Forfar, and in a line with the reputed battle-field of Feredeth and Alpin, a cluster of graves was found in a 
 gravel hillock. They were all built of rude flagstones; were about two feet below the surface, and about 
 five feet in length. 0 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The second figure in this Plate represents a fragment, which formerly stood erect near the Church of Moni- 
 fieth, afterwards served as a lintel to the Chancel door, and has since been built into the wall of the pre¬ 
 sent Church, erected about 1812. Another small cross, with interlaced ornament, is built into the belfry on 
 the west side of the Kirk. The Church was gifted to the Monastery of Arbroath by Gilchrist, Earl of 
 Angus, (1201-7) and it is believed was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. In 1220, Earl Malcolm, grandson 
 of Gilchrist, gave to Nicholas, son of the Priest of Kirriemuir, and his heirs, in fee and heritage, the Land 
 of Abtbein of Monifietb ; and Matilda, daughter of Earl Malcolm, who, in her own right, became Countess 
 of Angus, confirmed that, and a variety of other grants, which had been made to that establishment by her 
 ancestors, and gave also, of her own will, to the same monks, a charter of “ the land to the south of the 
 “ Church of Monifod, which the Culdees held in my father’s time.” d 
 
 Besides the Church of Monifietb, there were several other old ecclesiastical establishments in the 
 parish. One of these stood at Broughty Ferry, another in the Forest of Kingenny, where, on a hill top, 
 ore remains of the so-called Druidical Circle of St. Bride. Ecclesmoinichty stood on a rising ground on 
 the south side of the river Dichty, opposite Panmure Bleachfield ; and a large tree, still called “ The Lady 
 Tree,” in honor of the Patroness of the Church, marks the spot. 8 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 The third Stone on this Plate is built into the churchyard wall of Menmuir, about five miles from Brechin. 
 It is said to have been found in the foundation of the old Church when it was pulled down. The King 
 had, in old times, a Castle at Menmuir. In the Chamberlain Rolls, anno 1264, the Sheriff of Forfar, 
 takes credit for a payment of five marks to the Gardener of Menmoreth/ Robert I. granted to Peter de 
 Spalding, who betrayed Berwick to him, certain lands, and the Keepership of the Forest of Kilgery, (which 
 
 4 Registrant vetus de Abcrbrothoc, pp. 29, 330, 334. 381,382, Run. Club 
 edition. Edin. 1848. 
 
 e Information from Mr. Jervise. 
 
 < Lauds of the Lindsays, p. 201. Edin. 1833. 
 
 “ Ilollinshed, i., p. 244. 
 b Scottish Diet., sub. voce “Brugli.” 
 c Information from Mr. Jervise. 
 
30 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 were all in Menmuir) in excambion for certain tenements in Berwick-upon-Tweed. There was a hermit¬ 
 age in tlie Forest of Kilgery; and among the Southesk Charters at Kinnaird, are several relatino- to the 
 hermitage and the office of hermit. 5 
 
 The celebrated ancient fort of White Caterthun is within two miles of the Kirk of Menmuir; 
 and a number of barrows, having an artificial look, are close to the Kirk. 
 
 PLATE XCIII. 
 
 Tins Plate contains fragments of Crosses built into the wall of the Church of Meigle. The Stones at Meigle 
 have been already noticed. An additional fragment occurs in Plate CXXXII. 
 
 PLATES XCIV. & XCY. 
 
 Tiie Stone at Bressay, in Shetland, is said to have been found by a labourer residing at Culbinsgarth, on 
 the east side of the island, while engaged in digging a piece of waste land near the ruinous Church 
 of Culbinsgarth, which is surrounded by a very old burying-ground. It was then taken by Captain Cameron 
 Mowat of Garth to his house of Gourdie, and from thence it was removed to the churchyard of Bressay 
 by the Rev. Zachary Hamilton, Minister of Bressay. It was exhibited at a Meeting of the Archaeological 
 Institute of Great Britain, held at Newcastle in 1S52, and has again been returned to Bressay, in the church¬ 
 yard of which it now is. 
 
 It is singular, that, while there is only one known Runic inscription in Shetland, there is no monument 
 with Runes known in Orkney. The solitary inscription in Shetland occurs on a gravestone in Cross Kirk, in 
 the Parish of Northmavine. It is referred to by Iiibbert, in his “ Description of the Shetland Islands,” p. 531, 
 and a drawing of it is given in Plate 6 of his work. The Stone, said to be built into the wall of the 
 Church of Sandness, with a Runic inscription on it, (Ibid., p. 547) appears from the drawing of it (Plate 
 CXXXIII.) to have characters resembling some of the symbols on the Stones in Aberdeenshire and elsewhere, 
 while no literal inscription can be seen. The Rev. Charles Graves, D.D., of Trinity College, Dublin, at a 
 Meeting of the Archaeological Institute in May last, delivered a discourse on the Bressay Stone, the orna¬ 
 ments on which he considers to be thoroughly Irish. He proposed to read the inscriptions, which are in the 
 ancient Ogham character, as follows,—BENRES MECCU DROI ANN,—“ Bent-lie, or the son of the Druid, 
 lies here and that on the other edge, thus,—CROSC NAIIDFDADS DATE. ANN—“ The Cross of Nordred’s 
 daughter is here placed.” 
 
 Dr. Graves conceives the language of the inscriptions to be a mixture of the Irish and Icelandic. 1 * 
 
 This circumstance, and the reference to the son of a Druid in one of the inscriptions, are rather 
 startling, and present difficulties which farther research may serve to clear up. 
 
 Under-ground buildings and “ Standing Stones ” occur in the Parish of Bressay ; and, of late years, 
 several tumuli were discovered, within which were bones exhibiting marks of combustion, while other tumuli 
 yet remain unopened.' 
 
 PLATE XCYI. 
 
 Trns Stone, till lately, formed the sill of a window in St. Peter’s Kirk, South Ronaldshay. It is now 
 in the Museum of the Antiquaries of Scotland. In this island are found Piets’ houses and tumuli, the latter 
 containing burnt bones, ashes, and charcoal of wood.* 
 
 " “Notices of the Pintos." Mr. Chalmers. 
 1 Gent. Mag., July, 1855, pp. 80*81. 
 
 ■ New Statistical Account of Shetland, p. 12. 
 
 - 1 New Statistical Account of Orkney, p. 2 >0- Kdin. 1812. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 31 
 
 PLATE XCVII. 
 
 Neati to the Parish Church of Anworth, in Galloway, is a low undulating range of hills, called the Bore- 
 land Hills. One of these goes by the name of Trusty’s Hill, and round its top may be traced the remains 
 of a vitrified wall. Outside this wall, part of the rock crops out from the surface, and forms a natural 
 
 slab, slightly inclined to the north-east, on which are cut the figures represented on this Plate. The slab 
 
 is divided by a natural fissure in the rock, as shewn in the drawing. It may be doubted whether the 
 
 figure at the bottom be not a more recent work than the others. In this Parish is found the Moat of 
 
 Kirkclauch, on a steep and rocky peninsula overhanging the sea, and near it a sculptured Cross, which is 
 figured on Plate CXXIII. 
 
 PLATES XCVIII. & XCIX. 
 
 The Stone, now at Abbotsford, according to the tradition there, was brought from St. Andrews, but Mr. 
 Jervise of Brechin has furnished me with information, which leaves no doubt that the Stone was carried 
 from Forfarshire to its present site. 
 
 The old Castle of Woodray, in the Parish of Aberlemno, stood in a hollow at the north-east base 
 of the hill of Finhaven, on the property of Lord Minto; and, in clearing away the foundations of the ruin 
 in 1S19, Mr. Henderson, the present tenant of Woodray, discovered the Stone in question, in the floor of 
 the kitchen. Mr. Somerville, who was then Factor for Lord Minto, on hearing of the discovery, sent the 
 stone to Sir Walter Scott, who placed it in its present site. Another Stone, similarly carved, was found 
 at the same time, but, being greatly mutilated, it was not sent with the other, and after lying about 
 for a time, it disappeared altogether. We have, therefore, to add two sculptured Stones to those still 
 standing in the Parish of Aberlemno, already referred to. 
 
 I am also informed by Mr. Jervise, that, on the Gallowlaw of Balglassie, in the same Parish, a 
 rudely incised Stone was found by a farmer about ten years ago, bearing, according to the farmer’s re¬ 
 collection, the representations of a battle-axe and cross-bow. It formed the cover of a cist containing human 
 bones, and was destroyed. 
 
 The present Stone is a good deal defaced on one side, from exposure to the weather: on the other, 
 the surface of the Cross is quite smooth, but it may be doubted if it ever had been sculptured. 
 
 PLATE C. 
 
 Ellanmoke is one of several small islands ofl’ the coast of Knapdale, and is in the Parish of South 
 Ivnapdale, Argyllshire. There is a ruined Chapel on the island, and several ancient sepulchral monuments, 
 one of them said to be that of St. Cormac, the reputed builder of the original Chapel. Close to the Chapel 
 is the Pillar figured on the Plate, raised at the head of a built grave. It has, doubtless, been a cruciform 
 stone, and the transverse limbs have been broken off. The style of ornament, in several parts, is the same 
 as that of the Pillars on the east coast, but the outline of the figures and the execution are ruder. 
 
 PLATE Cl. 
 
 This Stone is now erected in the grounds of Jordanhill, near Glasgow; but I am informed that it uas dug 
 out of the old Church of Govan, at the time when the ancient fabric was pulled down to make room for 
 
32 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 the new Church, and that it was then placed on its present site. It is obvious that only a fragment is 
 now preserved, and, as it is of sandstone, some portions of the rider, as well as of the animal which bears 
 him, have become indistinct. Thus it is impossible to say, with certainty, whether the rider has the face 
 of a bird, a beast, or a man, although the resemblance is stronger to that of either of the former than 
 of the latter. 
 
 The Church of Govan was dedicated to St. Constantine, who, according to Fordun, founded a Monas¬ 
 tery in Govan, near the Clyde, over which he presided, and converted the whole of Cantyre, where he suf¬ 
 fered martyrdom, and was buried in his Monastery at Govan. a 
 
 PLATE Cl I. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 AT LINDORES. 
 
 This Stone forms part of a wall at the Village of Lindores, in the Parish of Newburgh, Fifeshire. Its 
 
 original site is unknown, nor is there any tradition connected with it. It is a green stone, of which there is 
 
 a vein in the neighbourhood. 
 
 Lindores was the seat of an Abbey, founded in 1178 by David, Earl of Huntingdon. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 AT STROWAN—ATHOL. 
 
 Tins Stone stands in the churchyard of Strowan, a parish annexed to that of Blair at a remote period. 
 
 There is no local history attached to it, beyond the belief of the older inhabitants that it is the tombstone 
 
 of some great man of old. The Stone is weather-worn, and, in some places, the figures are consequently in¬ 
 complete. 
 
 PLATES CIII. & CIV. 
 
 “The Boar Stone of Gash " stands in the Parish of Trinity Gask, in Strathearnc, on a field sloping towards 
 the river Earn, from which it is distant about half a mile, and about the same distance from the House of 
 Gask. A Roman Road, leading from the Camp at Ardoch, crossing the Earn at Inverpeffrey, and proceed¬ 
 ing northwards by the House of Gask, passes within a few hundred yards of the Stone. It is doubtful if 
 the present be its original site; but nothing certain is known on the subject. It is plain that a Cross 
 
 was sculptured on each side of the Stone, and the whole surface appears to have been covered with in¬ 
 
 terlaced work, but the upper part has been greatly mutilated, and the carving almost obliterated. 
 
 The animals on each side of the shaft of the Cross stand out about an inch from the surface, and 
 are still distinct. Some of these seem intended to represent boars, and hence, probably, the name of the 
 Stone. 
 
 There is a tradition, that, at one time, the tenant of the Mill of Gask took the stone to form 
 
 a bridge over his mill race, but, being frightened by strange sights and noises which ensued, he took back 
 
 the stone to its former site. It is added, that, while four strong horses were required to draw the stone 
 to the Mill, one was quite able to convey it up the hill to its former locality. However this may be, it 
 is plain that the stone, which is a hard grey sandstone, has been subjected to very rough usage, and been 
 worn by treading, or some similar process. 
 
 * Origines Paroch. Scot., vol. I, p. 1«. Edin. 1851. 
 
 '■7*1 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLAT ES. 
 
 33 
 
 PLATES CY, CYI, & CVII. 
 
 These Plates contain representations of two Stones, now lying in the churchyard of tile Parish of Rose- 
 markie, in Ross-shire. They were found in the floor of the old Church, and at one time obviously had been 
 united in forming a sculptured Cross of most elaborate design and exquisite finish. Some parts of the orna¬ 
 ments, which are almost entirely in relief, are in good preservation, while other parts are so much injured 
 as scarcely to be traced. The elaborate arrangement of serpent-like creatures resembles the ornaments on 
 one of the sides of the stone at Nigg, in this county, while the circles at the bottom are filled up very much in 
 the gyle of those on the adjoining stone at Cadboll, to which the present stone has a general resemblance. 
 
 Rosemarkie is said to have been founded by St. Boniface about the beginning of the seventh century; and 
 the Bishops of the reconstituted See of Ross, whose seat was at Fortrose, were, for long, entitled Bishops of 
 Rosemarkie. The Patron Saint of Rosemarkie was St. Moloch, who, according to the Breviary of Aberdeen, 
 was buried there. a 
 
 In this parish, close to the town of Rosemarkie, is an artificial mound, called the Courthill; and alone* 
 the ridge of the hill of Millbuie are cairns and tumuli. Under some of these have been found stone coffins 
 and weapons of copper and other metals, confirming the tradition, that, in this place, a gigantic Danish 
 chief was killed and buricd. b 
 
 PLATE CVII I. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 This Stone, marked on the Plate as being “near Dingwall,” is in reality several miles to the westward of 
 that town, at the opposite end of the glen from it, and close to the mineral springs of Strathpeffer, in the 
 Parish of Fodderty. Nothing is known of its history, and it is probably in its original site. A foolish tra¬ 
 dition exists, which supposes the stone to mark the site of a battle between the Monros and Mackenzies 
 about the time of James IV., in which the former were worsted.® In this parish is the vitrified Plill Fort of 
 Knock Farrel. There are also several remarkable circles of stones and cairns. On each side of the church 
 are two standing stones, and near the burial ground lies “ The Temple Oust,” in which Ivist remains of 
 bones and ashes have been found. d The Pillar is formed of whinstone. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The Stone at Rosemarkie, No. 2, is in the churchyard of the parish, and probably had been also removed 
 from the old church, although nothing can be learned on the point. It is only sculptured on one side. 
 
 PLATES CIX., CX., & CXI. 
 
 Op the Stones at Kintore, figured in these Plates, Nos. 2 and 3 were found embedded in the “ Castle 
 Hill,” a mound near the church, recently removed by railway operations, which was about 30 feet in 
 height, by 150 feet in diameter. It appeared, on examination, that the original surface of the Castle Hill 
 had been about ten feet lower than the modern one. The former was found to be covered with a laver 
 of charred earth; and along the east margin, and for some distance inwards from it, were deposited, in 
 an irregular manner, a number of small stones, among which were eleven large blocks. Among the latter, the 
 stones Nos. 2 and 3 were found, and from the appearance presented by the whole, it seems probable that a 
 circle of large stones, connected by a low wall of smaller ones (as is still the case with one class of the 
 “ Druidical” Circles) had formerly stood on the summit of the hill, and that they had been overthrown and 
 
 * Pars Estiv. Prop. Sanct, fol. VII. 
 
 *■ New Statistical Account of Ross and Cromarty, p 354. Kdin. 1841. 
 
 e N’ew Statistical Account of IIoss nnd Cromarty, p. 253, 
 d Anderson’s Guide to the Highlands, pp 555 G. Edin. 1812. 
 
34 
 
 N OTIC I*: S 0 F T1IE PLATE S. 
 
 scattered, and covered over with earth to the depth of about ten feet, so as to form the modern Castle Hill. 
 
 Near to the Castle Hill, and from ten to twelve feet under the surface, were found various small pits of a 
 
 circular or oval shape, from three to four feet in length, two to three feet in breadth, and from one to two and 
 a half feet in depth. These contained burnt clay, charcoal, and bones. In one of them an urn was found, 
 containing a damp mealy substance of a pale colour, and round another of the pits were found pieces of a 
 substance resembling solid lead, of the thickness of a small gas pipe. These were found (irmly embedded in 
 the ground, in a vertical position, about eight feet below the surface, in bits of a few inches in length. 
 
 It is probable that some of the other stones in the Castle Hill were sculptured, but, unfortunatclv, 
 they were speedily broken up for building railway bridges. The two now referred to were rescued from 
 destruction by Mr. Alexander Watt of Kintore, who also preserved specimens of the various substances 
 found in the pits. 
 
 The figures which appeared on these stones, brought to Mr. Watt’s recollection a similar stone in the church¬ 
 yard of Kintore, which had for many years been lost sight of, and which, from having been placed over a grave, 
 had gradually sunk below the surface. On removing the soil at the spot where he last recollected it, the stone 
 No. 1 was discovered. It is of a dark coloured granite, as well as the stone No. 3, while the stone No. 2 
 
 is formed of a reddish coloured granite, such as is found at the Ilill of Benachee, at the distance of some 
 
 miles. A corner of the stone No. 2 appears to have been broken out designedly, and the animal, usually 
 called 11 The Elephant,” which occurs on both sides, is on one side inverted. The stone No. 3 is only a frag¬ 
 ment of a larger block. One of the unsculptured stones from the Castle Hill resembles a rude chair, and, along 
 with the others taken from that locality, is now in Mr. Watt’s possession, 
 
 Kintore formed one of the ancient divisions of land called Thanages, and the town was a Royal 
 Burgh at an early period. In the neighbourhood are the ruins of the Castle of Hallforest, which, in former 
 times, was often the temporary residence of our Scottish Monarchs when following the chase. 
 
 Several circles of stone were in the parish and on a moor between it and the Parish of Kinellar; were 
 many cairns of various sizes, in one of which an urn and a ring of shale were found/ 1 
 
 THE BRUCETON STONE. 
 
 This monument stands in the Parish of Alyth, in Perthshire, on the confines of Forfarshire, and on the 
 banks of the Isla, about a mile eastward of the old Castle of Inverqueich. It has been associated in 
 the traditions of the country with a battle of King Robert Bruce’s—an explanation which might not have 
 occurred so easily, if the old name of the place had been kept up, as the lands in early writs are invariably spelt 
 Bruxton. It. is said that several coffins of stone were found about fifteen years ago, within a range of twenty 
 yards round the stone; and about eight years ago, while the farmer was levelling a hillock, at a distance of five 
 or six hundred yards from the stone, he came upon a circle built of stones, about eight yards across. A trench 
 formed of stones, and resembling a drain, of perhaps two feet in depth, surrounded the circle, and contained a 
 quantity of black clammy earth and fragments of bones. u Piets’ houses” have been found in the parish, which 
 also contains the Hill of Barry, on which is a strong British fort, the walls of which seem to have been partly 
 vitrified. Alyth is a place of considerable antiquity, and the Scottish Monarchs had a castle here. The Church 
 is supposed to have been dedicated to St. Moloch, b and a Chapel dedicated to St. Ninian was in the churchyard. 
 
 P L A T E C X I I. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The Stone at Keillor is placed on a tumulus on the north slope of the Hill of Keillor, in the Parish of 
 Newtyle, and Shire of Forfar. It is a rough stone, formed of gneiss, convex in front, and rugged behind. 
 The tumulus on which it is placed is formed of earth and stones, and several cists containing bones have 
 been found in it. Ancient sepulchral remains have also been dug up in various parts of the adjoining field. 
 
 * Old Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. 13. pp. 91-92. Edin. 1794. 
 
 b New Statistical Account of Perthshire, p, lliii. Edin. 1814. 
 
PLATES C X 111. & C X I V. 
 
 The fragments at tnverury Seem to have been built into the foundations of the old church, the walls of 
 which were pulled down to afford materials for building the churchyard dykes in the early part of the 
 present century. Numbers 2, 3, and 4 were recently observed in these dykes, and Number 1, while 
 in the course of being broken up by the masons, who were building the dykes, was rescued by Mr. 
 Donald of Urybank, and has lain in the churchyard since that time. The old church and graveyard were 
 situated on low ground near the banks of the Don, and adjacent to the circular mound of alluvial soil 
 called “ The Bass.” 
 
 Another mound, called the Conyng Hillock, near to the present manse, probably covers the ashes of 
 Eth of the Swift Foot, a Pictish Chief, who is said to have been buried at Inverury in the year 881 . a The 
 Church, which was dedicated to St. Appolinaris, was conveyed to the Monks of Lindores by David, Earl of 
 Huntingdon, in 1178. A Castle of Inverury seems to have existed at a very early period, as we read of its 
 Constable in 1180; not improbably it was a wooden structure on the Bass. The town was a Burgh at an 
 early period. 
 
 AT ALTYRE. 
 
 “The Altyre Stone was found, it is said, about [the Parish of] Duffus, and was transferred to the position 
 which it now occupies [at Altyre, near Forres.] There appear to be faint marks of Runic knots on this 
 stone, or other carvings. Its height is fifteen feet.” b The marks of ornament seem now to have disappeared. 
 
 PLATES C X V. & C X V I. 
 
 The Parrocban Cross formerly stood a few yards south of the Mill of Barrochan, in the ancient Parish of 
 Killallan, now joined to the Parish of Houston, Renfrewshire, where it was set in a pedestal of undressed stone. 
 
 » Caledonia, vol. 1., p, 381. b Sketches of Moray, by Rhind, pp. 129-130. Ediu. 1839. 
 
 X 0 T 1 0 K S () F T 11 E P L A T E S. 
 
 The stone was broken across some years ago about a foot above the ground, but the parts have recently been 
 clasped together, and the stone replaced in its original site by orders of Lord Wharncliffe. The present drawing 
 was made with much care by Dr. Wise, and is more perfect than the copy in Mr. Chalmers’ volume. The surface 
 of the stone is so rough, that it is sometimes with difficulty that the incised lines can be satisfactorily distinguished 
 from natural fissures, but having examined the stone in a variety of lights, and compared Dr. Wise’s sketch 
 with the original, I am inclined to think that the drawing is as satisfactory as can now be obtained. There is 
 a rough sketch of the stone among Dr. Hibbert’s papers, with a supposed Gaelic inscription at the top, meaning 
 “ the burying place of the slain, furnished to Dr. Hibbert by the late Mr. Donald Gregory, Of such inscription 
 1 could see no trace. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 AT DUNROBTN. 
 
 I His Stone was found laid across the top of a cist, which was uncovered in the grounds near to Dnnrobin 
 Castle in the summer of 1854. The cist was about eight feet in length, formed of thin slabs of sandstone. 
 It was covered by three of these slabs, one of which was the stone figured in the present Plate. It did 
 not appear to be adapted to the size of the cist, but wa3 laid lengthwise across it, so that it projected 
 beyond the cist on each side. Doubtless it had been originally an erect pillar, and taken to cover the 
 grave merely as a matter of convenience. The cist contained portions of two skeletons, and a bit of an 
 iron weapon, probably a spear. Other graves were found in the neighbourhood, but no other sculptured 
 stone appeared. There are some reasons for supposing the grave to be a Scandinavian one. 
 
 

 -—~ —r-•»w.r-->*r?; : : : --. r ..>,-.^... w -— N ............ .,....- 
 
 NOTICES U Y THE PLATES. 
 
 It was removed about the end of last century to a neighbouring eminence, where the old Mansion-house of 
 Barroclnan formerly stood. a It is firmly placed in a pedestal, about three feet high, four feet long, and three 
 broad. 
 
 As in so many other cases, popular tradition has connected the erection of this stone with a defeat 
 sustained by the Danes; and in Semple’s Continuation of Craufurd’s History of Renfrew it is called a Danish 
 Stone. Modern theory has sought in it a monument of the defeat of Somerled, Lord of the Isles, in 1164. 
 
 An engraving and notice of this Cross appears in “ Descriptions of the Sheriffdoms of Lanark and 
 Renfrew,” by William Hamilton of Wishaw, Glasgow, 1831, printed for the Maitland Club. Killallan was 
 dedicated to St. Fillan. 
 
 PLATE C X V 11. 
 
 The shapeless fragment pictured on this page is the remains of a sculptured pillar or cross, which stood at 
 one time on the farm of Stanlie Green, in the Parish of Paisley, near the farm steading. The ground oc¬ 
 cupied by the houses and steading of the farm having been acquired by the Paisley Water Company, the frag¬ 
 ments were removed to their present position, directly on the margin of the lake forming the Water Company’s 
 reservoir. The fragment, along with its pedestal, are of soft red sandstone. 
 
 The stone is thus referred to in the New Statistical Account of Renfrewshire. “ At a very little 
 distance to the north-west of Stanelie Castle, there was, till lately, a small wood, near which was a Danish 
 stone, according to Temple, but more probably a Popish Cross, ‘between four and five feet high, standing 
 on a pedestal, the cross piece on the top broken off. It had wreathed work on its edges, and on one side, 
 near to the base, figures of two lions, with those of two boars above. At Auldbar, a mile or so to the south¬ 
 ward of Plawkhead, there was another, of a similar description, called “ The Stead Stone Cross.” ‘ It is now,’ 
 says Temple, ‘ four and a half feet long, sixteen inches broad, and eight inches thick, standing upon a pedestal 
 about one and a half feet high, four and a half feet long, and three feet broad ; which stone, with its foundation, 
 had been lying in a gravel pit for some years, and was lately erected by Mr. Charles Ross of Greenlaw. He 
 remembers, within these forty years past, to have seen the cross pieces on the top. No figures had been 
 on it, only wreathed work.’” b St. Mirinus was Patron Saint of Paisley. 
 
 PLATE CXYIII. 
 
 This Cross stands in the Ducal Park near the river side, to the west of Hamilton Palace, Lanarkshire. 
 It is used as a cow-post, and being of soft red sandstone, it is much worn, and at several places the 
 sculpture is entirely defaced. It has been sculptured (as is shewn on the Plate) on both sides and edges, 
 but does not seem to have been very highly finished in the details. Several of the figures represented are 
 very curious, but difficult to describe, owing to the mutilated state of the pillar, as will be seen by 
 referring to the Plate. “The site of the present Palace of Hamilton is in the Haugh, formerly called 
 " the Orcharde,” which was declared to be the principal and chief messuage, when the baronies of Cady- 
 how and Mawchane, and the superiority of Hamilton-ferme, the lands of Cors-baskat, and barony of Kin- 
 neile, were erected into the Lordship of Hamilton by James II. in Parliament, 1445. At that time, “ the 
 Orcharde” was surrounded by the village, with its parish and collegiate church, but the town has gradually 
 been removed to the higher grounds.” 0 “In the Haugh, to the north of the Palace, there is an ancient 
 moat-hill or seat of justice . . . When it stood formerly in the midst of the town, it formed part of the 
 
 » Ulil Statistical Account yt'Si-otl.mil, 
 
 U-nl Account of Renfte’ 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 37 
 
 garden of an alehouse . . . Near the moat-hill is an ancient stone cross, about four feet high bearing no 
 .nscr.pt.on It is said to have been the Cross of the Netherton." * As in some other eases, a human figure 
 on one of the edges of the stone, is inverted, and another on the same side seems to have the head of a bird 
 
 PLATE CXIX. 
 
 This fragment is noticed in describing Plates LVII, and LVII1. 
 
 PLATE CXX. 
 
 tins Stone is now erected in the garden of Mountblow House, near Kilpatrick, in Dunbartonshire. “It 
 formerly did duty as a bridge at Sandford, near the village of Kilpatrick, before the road was repaired ; 
 and before a bridge for horses and carriages was built over the burn there, a large stone, supposed to have 
 been an old obelisk, intended to commemorate some remarkable event, had been taken from near the Roman 
 wall, where it is said to have stood, and was used by the country people as a bridge for foot passengers." 1 
 From this usage, the sculpture on one of the sides is quite worn off. It appears to be incomplete at the top; 
 and, owing to some flaws in the stone, the lower part is also destroyed. There are remains of Roman an¬ 
 tiquities in this parish; and, according to the Breviary of Aberdeen, it was the birth-place of St. Patrick. 0 
 Tumuli and hill forts occur here. d 
 
 PLATE CXX I. 
 
 This line Pillar is erected on a base of stone, and stands on the west bank of the river Nitli, about fifty 
 
 yards distant from the present bed of the stream. It is in a field on the south side, and not far distant from 
 
 the road leading from the village of Thornhill to Penpont, Dumfriesshire. It is of a reddish sandstone. 
 
 From the present aspect of the river, it is evident that it has, for a considerable period, been en¬ 
 croaching on the land, and pushing eastward. It is therefore probable, that, at some not very distant period, 
 the cross may have been close to the bank, where, it is said, there was at one time a ford, and where there 
 is now a bridge. The ground rises considerably to the east of the river, while it is nearly level on the west. 
 Thornhill is in the parish of Morton. In the beginning of the last century a canoe was here found, in the 
 bottom of a moss, hollowed out of part of a tree. Near this moss stood two lofty columns or pillars of hewn 
 stone ; and about a mile south of these stood another of the same description. Another cross or column 
 
 stood a little to the west of the Church, and is said to have been originally surrounded by a large circle of 
 
 coarse blocks of stone, at equal and regular distances, which were gradually removed in the course of improve- 
 ment, as well as several tumuli. 1 ' 
 
 1 New Statistical Account of Lanarkshire, pp. 270-1. ■' New Statistical Account of Dunbartonshire, p. 22. 
 
 b Old Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. V., p. 238. « New Statistical Account of Dumfriesshire, p. ;iG. 
 
 • Prop. Sanct. Tars byem., fol. lxx. 
 

 The fragment at Wigton is in the churchyard of the burgh, and seems to have formed the lower part of a 
 pillar or cross, having on one end a tenon, as if for fitting into a stone pedestal. It is of freestone, and is 
 now used as the headstone to a grave. No other fragments of it could be discovered. 
 
 Nos. 2 & 3. 
 
 The two rudely sculptured standing stones at High Auchinlary are situated on the elevated part of a field, 
 about 500 yards west from a point where there is still seen standing a few upright stones, apparently the 
 remains of a “ Druidical ” circle. The standing stones, which are placed quite close together, and have an 
 acute inclination to the north, having evidently sunk into the ground on that side, are surrounded by a cairn 
 of boulder stones. In the adjoining field, about 200 yards to the west, the Stone represented at the top of 
 Plate CXXIII. was found. 
 
 PLATE CXXIII. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 This Slab was lately turned up by the plough, while trenching a piece of waste land on the farm of High 
 Auchinlary, in the parish of Anwoth. It is of soft red-coloured sandstone, and is much defaced. It is from 
 tvvo-and-a-half to four inches thick. On this farm are six standing stones disposed in a circle ; and, at the 
 distance of a few hundred yards, on the summit of a knoll, are the stones with sculpture, of which drawings 
 are given in Plate CXXII. This Stone may be compared with the sculptured covers of cists at Coilsfield 
 and Annan Street, as figured in Dr. Wilson’s Prehistoric Annals, pp. 332-334. 
 
 
 This singularly rude Stone at Kirkclauch, in the parish of Anwoth, stands on a cliff overhanging the sea, 
 near the partly artificial eminence called the “Moat of Kirkclauch.” It is of sandstone, very rudely sculptured. 
 The nature of the markings or lines, which are deeply cut into the surface of the slab, are sufficiently indicated 
 in the drawing. It will be observed that the cross-like figure on the east face is partly raised on the Stone, 
 above the surrounding surface. It may be. doubted if the present be the original site of the Stone. 
 
 PLATE C X X I V. 
 
 The Crosses in this Plate, as well as two fragments in the following one, are built into the walls of the ancient 
 Church of Abercromby, in Fifeshire. They are of sandstone, and nothing can be learned of their history. 
 The Church was ruinous in 1G46. At this time the barony of St. Monans, with its chapel, was disjoined 
 from the parish of Kilconquhar, and added to the parish of Abercromby. The latter building became the 
 church of the parish, and, from that time, gave to the parish the name of St. Monans, till the early part of 
 the present century, when the ancient name of Abercromby was revived, and now again is held to be the 
 name of the parish. 1 
 
 * New Statistical Account of Fifeshire, p. 337. Edin. 1845. 
 
NOTICES OP THE PLATES. 
 
 39 
 
 PLATE CXXV. 
 
 Nos. 1 & 2. 
 
 Besides another of the fragments found at Abercromby, already noticed, this Plate contains a fragment of 
 sandstone lying among the ruins of Inchcolm, a monastery founded by Alexander I. about 1123, on the island 
 of that name in the Firth of Forth. 
 
 According to Boece, the Danes, on one occasion, suffered a great defeat by Macbeth and Banquo, “ and 
 gaif gret soumes of gold to Makbeth to Buffer thair freindis that war slane at bis jeoperd to be buryit in 
 Sanct Colmes Inche. In memory heirof, mony auld sepulturis as yit in the said Inche graviu with armis of 
 Danis. tt Sibbald, in his History of Fife, has engraved what he calls the Danish Stone. It appears to be a 
 convex block with certain rude ornaments. Others of the same character have recently been discovered at 
 Govan, two of which are drawn in this volume at the bottom of Plate CXXXIV. Specimens also occur in the 
 churchyard of Abercorn. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Tms fragment was recently discovered in the Prince’s Street Gardens, Edinburgh. It forms a cover to a bridge 
 in one of the walks immediately below the Castle on the east side, but its original situation is unknown. 
 
 PLATE CXXVI. 
 
 This Stone is in the old churchyard of Benvie, Forfarshire, a parish which, along with that of Invergowrie, has 
 been united to the parish of Liff. It appears to he nearly entire, as the sculpture is faintly traceable on the 
 top as well as the edges. It is of a warm-coloured sandstone, and the sculpture on it is less uniform and 
 regular than on other stones of a similar type. In this parish were standing stones, ancient graves, and a 
 remarkable under-ground chamber near Lundio House (now Camperdown.) It is said that St. Boniface landed 
 at Invergowrie at the commencement of his mission, and that the old Church was on the site of a more 
 ancient one founded by him, b 
 
 PLATE CXXVII. 
 
 The fragments represented on this Plate are built into the walls of the Church and Churchyard of Meigle, 
 Perthshire. 
 
 No. 13, in the outside of the churchyard wall facing the west, is the upper part of what must have 
 
 been a carefully executed Cross, very small in size however, as will be seen by referring to the scale. It 
 
 is of sandstone. 
 
 No. 14, also from the same part of the churchyard wall, appears, from being of the same kind of stone, 
 
 and of the same size, to be a part of one of the sides of the same Cross as No. 13. 
 
 No. 15 is also a beautifully executed fragment, of the same colour and quality of stone as the other two 
 
 fragments, and is part of a still smaller Cross. It is also built into the outside of the west front of the 
 
 churchyard wall, and is in a very good state of preservation, as are the other two. 
 
 No. 16 is of a coarse red sandstone, and the sculptured work is not so carefully executed as in the 
 
 former cases. It may have been the centre part of a sculptured cross or pillar—not improbably the top part 
 
 of the fragment No. 17. It is in the same part of the churchyard wall as the other fragments. 
 
 No. 17 is built into the west gable of a small addition lately made to the Church. It is of a coarse 
 red-coloured sandstone, and is of indifferent execution. 
 
 * lielleudcn’s Translation, vol. II., p. 258. 
 
 u New Statistical Account of Forfarshire, pp. 579, ct seq. Eilin. 1843. 
 
40 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 PLATE C XX VIII. 
 
 In making some recent alterations on the west end of the Church of Abercorn, the socket of an ancient 
 cross, occupying its original position, was exhumed, and, by the removal of an out-building, the shaft was 
 exposed, mutilated, and converted into an obscure window lintel. Of this fragment the present plate con¬ 
 tains a representation. The Monastery of Aebercurnig is more than once mentioned by Bede, and appears 
 to have been a Culdee establishment of early date. In the latter part of the seventh century it formed the 
 I’esidence of a Bishop. 11 
 
 PLATES CXXIX. & CXXX. 
 
 The parish of Drainie, on the low coast of Moray, between the Firth and the Loch of Spynie, is composed 
 of the old parishes of Kinneddar and Ogston. Before the Cathedral Church of Moray became fixed at 
 Spynie, the Church of Kinneddar was one of those where the Bishops held their seat. b The church of the 
 united parish was built about 166G at Drainie, from whence the modern parish took its name. The Manse 
 and Glebe, however, remained at Kinneddar, about a mile eastward from the Church. During the summer 
 of 1855 the old Manse was removed, and among the stones there was discovered a slab, of the sandstone of 
 the district, having the “ crescent ” symbol upon ; t. s It was, unfortunately, mutilated and squared by the 
 masons before it was discovered by Dr. Geddes, who nas since placed it in the museum at Elgin. Most of 
 the other fragments were found in old dykes about the Manse, and a few were dug up in the old churchyard. 
 It seems plain that they are portions of many different slabs. One of the fragments 11 shows a man tearing 
 open the jaws of a lion, in some respects resembling the figures so engaged, on the St. Andrew’s stone. It 
 is a sandstone flag, about four inches thick, sculptured only on one side. No. G is a highly finished fragment, 
 resembling the work on the stone at Nigg. No. 9 is sculptured on both sides. 
 
 Nothing is known of the early history of the locality which suggests any explanation of the great ac¬ 
 cumulation of sculptured stones at this spot. St. Gernadius, at the dawn of our ecclesiastical history, had an 
 oratory or penance cell in the neighbourhood. 0 
 
 The Castle of Kinneddar seems to have been a structure of great antiquity. Numerous cists, con¬ 
 taining incinerated bones and charred oak, have, at various times, been found in ramparts or mounds close 
 to the site of the Castle/ The Church, as has been remarked, was occasionally the Cathedral seat of the 
 Bishop before the time of Bricius, who, in the beginning of the thirteenth century, got the See settled at 
 Spynie, when the Church of Kinneddar was assigned to the treasurer. 8 
 
 All the fragments have been placed in the Elgin Museum. 
 
 PLATE CXXXI. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 This stone was discovered in the churchyard of Clyne by Mr. Muir, author of “ Notes on Remains of Eccle¬ 
 siastical Architecture and Sculptured Memorials in the Southern Division of Scotland,” in the summer of 1855. 
 
 “Stat. Acc. of Linlithgow, p. 23. Edin. 1845. 
 
 *• Regist. Morav. Pref. p. xii. Ediu. 1837. (Bann. Club.) 
 
 « No. 15. 
 
 4 No. 1. 
 
 8 Quart. Rev., p. 113. June, 1849. This oratory probably is the same 
 as that referred to in the following notice—“ Another [tavern] behind 
 the village of Lossiemouth had, iu ancient times, been formed into a 
 small hermitage not exceeding 12 feet square; it was completed by a 
 
 handsome Gothic door and window, and commanded a long but a soli¬ 
 tary view along the eastern shore. These artificial decorations were 
 torn down about 30 years ago by a rude shipmaster, and, in the course of 
 work ng the quarries, the whole cave has been destroyed. There was a 
 fount in the rock above the hermitage, called St. Gerardine's Well." A 
 Survey of the Province of Moray, p. 122. Aberd. 1798. 
 
 ' Stat. Acc. of Elgin, p 152. Edin. 1845. 
 s Regist Morav., p. 40. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 41 
 
 “ The Church, built in 1770, stands at Clyne, on the old site of one dedicated to a Saint, locally styled 
 Saint Aloyne, on a declivity near the coast, about a mile and a half eastward from the water of Brora.” a 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 This is one of the two “ standing stones of Stratlibogie,” still remaining in the market-place of the town of 
 Huntly. They seem to have formed members of a “Druidical” circle, and are noticed in the Preface, p. vi., 
 note b. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 In the old Statistical Account of the parish of Inverkeitliing b it is stated — u Towards the north part of the 
 parish there is a stone set up about ten feet high, two and a half broad, and one thick, commonly called the 
 standing stone. Many rude figures seem to have been cut upon it, but are much defaced by the weather and 
 length of time ; however, two armed men on horseback, the one behind the other, appear pretty discernible 
 on the east side.” The same statement occurs in the New Statistical Account, 0 but, notwithstanding every 
 inquiry, and searches made by Mr. Muir and Mr. Gibb throughout the parish of Inverkeitliing, no trace of the 
 pillar referred to can now be found. 
 
 The Stone is engraved by Gordon in his “Iter Septentrionale,” d and is thus referred to by him:_ 
 
 “ At the last of those places [Inverkeithing] there stands an obelisk 10 foot above the surface of the earth, 
 which, as tradition goes, was erected as a monument of that same defeat of the Danes. On this stone are 
 engraven, in low relievo, several hieroglyphics, which I copied on the spot, but as I am at a loss how to give 
 any satisfactory explanation of them, I have taken care to exhibit them in Plate LV., Fig. III., and shall 
 leave them to the perusal of abler and more judicious antiquaries.” 
 
 Although none of Gordon’s engravings have much pretensions to minute accuracy, yet, as they furnish 
 a general likeness of the stones, I thought it desirable to copy his sketch of the stone at Inverkeithing, as the 
 original cannot now be found. 
 
 It has been supposed by some that “ St. Margaret’s Stone,” a block now lying on the side of the high¬ 
 way leading from Inverkeithing to Dunfermline, and about midway between these places, can be identified with 
 the standing stone referred to in the Statistical Account. Mr. Skene has noted below a sketch of “ St. Mar¬ 
 garet’s Stone,”—“ The sculpture upon this stone has been lately chipped off' in mere wantonness, so as to 
 leave few traces of the subject recorded upon it.” Fie farther states that it formerly stood erect, and was 
 called “ The Standing Stone.” According to Mr. Skene’s measurement, St. Margaret’s stone is about nine 
 feet and a half in length, one foot in thickness, and four feet broad at the widest end, and broken oil' to a 
 narrow point at the other. 
 
 It would appear, however, that St. Margaret’s stone is in the parish of Dunfermline, while the “ standing 
 stone” is said to have been in the north part of the parish of Inverkeithing. 
 
 PLATE CXXXII. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The first stone in this plate, along with one previously noticed, is built into the wall of the churchyard of 
 Menmuir. 0 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 The second is a fragment recently found at Strathmartine by Dr. Wise. This locality has been noticed above 
 at p. 24. 
 
 " Origines Parocb. Scot. vol. II., p. 723. Edin. 1855. 
 b Stat. Acc. of Scot., vol. X., p. 511. Edin. 1794. 
 
 « Stat. Acc. of Scot., vol. IX., p. 239. Edin. 1845. 
 
 d p. 158. Lon. 1726. 
 
 • Plate XCII., Notices of the Plates, p. 29, 
 
 M 
 
42 
 
 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 The stone at Bourtie is built into the wall of the parish church, and was recently discovered on the removal 
 of some surface coating of plaster. Nothing certain is known of its original site. In the parish of Bourtie 
 are two circles of stones, and a British Hill Fort, known as the “ Cumraing’s Camp.” Two cairns have been 
 opened within the last twenty-five years. In each was found a stone coffin, enclosing two urns of hard- 
 baked clay. The largest of these cairns, raised on an eminence called the Hawklaw, originally covered nearly 
 half an acre, and was surrounded by a circle of small stones set on end. a 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 Tiie last stone is another of the fragments at Meigle, of which a general notice has been already given, p. 22. 
 
 PLATE CXXXIII. 
 
 “ The best description of this Plate,” says Mr. Chalmers, “ is to be found in the Report by Mr. George Buist 
 
 to the Fifeshire Literary and Antiquarian Society in 1839, as follows :— 
 
 ‘ “ The fragments of the Nome’s Law Armour, now in the possession of General Durham (and of 
 which a few of the principal pieces only are represented in the subjoined drawings,) ‘ consist of two circles 
 or armlets, now pronounced to be fibulae (figs. 3), rather rudely formed, and in indifferent preservation ; 
 of two bodkins of the most exquisite workmanship (figs. 5 represent different aspects of one bodkin, of which 
 the other, except on the back, is an exact copy) . of two lozenge shaped plates, represented by fig. 4, marked 
 with the symbols of the cross stones ; a beautiful finger ring, in the form of a coiled serpent; an ornamented 
 circular plate,—and various other lesser fragments not here represented, and whose uses have not been 
 precisely determined. They contain twenty-four ounces troy of fine silver. They appear to have been 
 found about the year 1819, in or near a stone coffin, in an artificial heap or tumulus of sand or gravel, 
 
 called Norrie’s Law, on the boundaries between the estates of Teasses and Largo. They formed part of a 
 
 rich coat of scale armour, the pieces of which consisted of small lozenge shaped plates of silver, suspended 
 loosely by a hook from the upper corner. The helmet, shield, and sword hilt, were, when found, quite en¬ 
 tire, as were some portions of the sword-sheath. This seems to have been a large cross-hilted weapon, such 
 as were commonly used with both hands. No parts or relics of the hlade were descernible. No bones, 
 ashes, or human remains appear to have been found near. The pieces of armour were withdrawn piecemeal, 
 and sold by a hawker for what they would bring, and to whomsoever chose to purchase them. The uses of 
 the plates (No. 4.) are unknown, as also the meanings of the symbols so emphatically engraved on them. 
 The circles resemble certain mysterious gold ornaments found in many parts of Ireland, and which have so 
 entirely perplexed the most minute profound Irish antiquarians. It cannot, however, be pronounced, that the 
 similitude amounts to any distinct measure of identification ; though it is not to be overlooked, when we 
 
 keep in view, that the symbols of the plates are identical with those of the stone crosses, that these again 
 
 are peculiar to Ireland and to Scotland, in both of which countries they abound The remarkable beauty of 
 the workmanship of the two bodkins, rivalling in perfection the finest workings of modern silversmiths, is 
 perplexing, and contrasts strongly with the roughness of the artistship of the circles, and some other parts 
 of the arms. The symbol (No. 4.) is engraven on the back of one of the bodkins ; but it has the appear¬ 
 ance of not having belonged to it originally, the work being more rude and more recent looking than that 
 
 of the other parts of these fragments. A considerable number of coins, now wholly lost sight of, and said 
 to have borne these symbolic markings, were found along with the armour at Norrie’s Law, and about 
 forty of the same kind were found in an earthen pot at Pittenweem in 1822. It is said that these were 
 destitute of insci’iption or written character. A considerable part of the armour was partially corroded, the 
 alloy having been eaten away as if by some weak acid, exactly after the manner of that employed in certain 
 
 » Stat. Acc. of Aberdeenshire, p. 622. Edin. 1845. 
 
NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 43 
 
 operations of modern silversmiths. The bullion in this case was much more pure than in those cases where 
 it remained solid and untouched. It was in fact reduced to the state of porous, brittle, spongy silver. The 
 parts chiefly affected in this way, were those lowest down, which seem to have suffered from long exposure 
 to some subtle corrosive. The upper portions were fresh, compact, and entire. In them the silver was 
 nearly the same as our pi’esent standard.” ’ 
 
 u These are nearly all the facts which have as yet been obtained from trustworthy sources respecting 
 the Nome’s Law Armour. The conclusions attempted to be deduced from them must assume the form of 
 queries and conjectures, rather than inferences.” 0 
 
 The most interesting point is, that the ornaments in question were found in a sepulchral deposit, and that 
 on one of them occur several of the symbols so common on the sculptured pillars of Scotland. For some ad¬ 
 ditional particulars and interesting speculation on the subject, reference may be made to Dr. Wilson’s Prehistoric 
 Annals, pp. 511, et seq. 
 
 The cross with symbols, which is drawn on Plate LXVI., is in the same neighbourhood as Nome’s Law ; 
 a notice of it occurs above at p. 20. 
 
 PLATES CXXXIV., CXXXV., CXXXVI., & CXXXVII. 
 
 Onb fragment, now at .Tordanhill, but originally found at Govan, has been already noticed, p. 32. I find that 
 it was taken out of the old kirk of Govan during the removal of that structure in 1762. 
 
 In the month of December last the sexton of Govan, while digging a grave at the south-east corner of 
 the churchyard, came in contact with a stone of large dimensions, which pi’oved to be the sarcophagus repre¬ 
 sented at the top of Plate CXXXV. It was found between two elm trees of great size, the roots of which, 
 of the thickness of a man’s leg, completely surrounded it. From the details of this curious relic, it will be 
 seen that the ornaments and figures correspond with those found on many of the sculptured stones in the 
 present volume, although in a lower style of relief. The letter A, in an ancient form, is cut out on the hind 
 quarter of the horse on which the rider is mounted, and probably has been carved by some one who had dis¬ 
 turbed the coffin on a former occasion. About the centre of the bottom, and towards the foot, is a circular 
 opening, such as occurs in stone coffins of more modern date, for the purpose of permitting the escape of 
 decomposing matter. 
 
 The discovery of the sarcophagus led to farther investigation, when several monuments, of which the 
 two at the bottom of Plate CXXXIV. are specimens, were found. These appear to be intended to repre¬ 
 sent some sort of marine animals, and resemble one at Inchcolm (noticed at p. 29), and two at Abei’corn 
 There are marks on some of them which would lead to the supposition that they had fitted into other stones, 
 and had probably been the covers of cists or coffins. Through the good offices of the Rev. Dr. Leishman 
 and Mr. J. C. Roger, various diggings and probings of the ground were made in the hope of discovering some 
 such cists, but without any result. 
 
 From a large number of slabs scattered over the church-yard, seven specimens are given on Plates 
 CXXXVI. and CXXXVII. 
 
 All these remains tend to shew that Govan must, in early times, have been a spot of great reve¬ 
 rence, and the sarcophagus is peculiarly interesting, as furnishing a link of connection between the sculp¬ 
 tured pillars and a relic undoubtedly sepulchral, similarly sculptured. 
 
 PLATE CXXXVIII. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The fragment of a cross at Brechin was dug up in a garden, formerly part of an ancient churchyard near 
 the Cathedral. The legend S. MARIA . M’R . X’RI is probably an addition of comparatively late date. 
 
 » Sculptured Monuments of Angus. Notice of the Plates, p. 15. 
 

 
 44 NOTICES OF THE PLATES. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 This stone was one of two which were dug up in the churchyard of Strathmartine about 60 years ago, as 
 noticed above, p. 24. I have now discovered, through the good offices of Mr. J. C. Roger of Go van, that 
 the stone has been destroyed. This gentleman’s father made sketches of several sculptured pillars in Angus 
 in his youth, and, among others, of those at Strathmartine, and I have been kindly allowed to use his 
 sketch of the stone in question for the present volume. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 This stone is thus referred to in a MS. Tour in the Orkney Islands, by the Rev. George Low, in the year 1774:— 
 
 SANDNESS. 
 
 “ Tuesday , July 12.—Observed in the wall of the church a stone covered with several odd figures, the 
 meaning of which nobody here could give any account of, only they have a sort of superstitious value for it; nor 
 does tradition say for what. The engraving is shallow, nor is there any literal inscription.” 
 
 The present sketch is from one in Mr. Low’s Tour. For the use of the volume, which is yet in manuscript, 
 I am indebted to D. Laing, Esq. The sketch was also engraved by Hibbert in his “ Description of the Shet- 
 lands Islands,” plate 6. 
 
 The stone could not be seen on a search by Sir Henry Dryden, who was on the spot in the course of last 
 summer, but may have been covered with whitewash. 
 
PLATE /. 
 
 •’> I 'S-x'i'P 
 
 ©Uocf 
 
 Jj 
 
 ^QpQy p\jxrp \ 
 
 :onmtm-t udor. stone tjj,'. Oftt |6P 
 
 HhiSl & jibl.IiftrsErapliers 
 
 Scale nf One Foot. 
 
 M NEWTON (W TEE GAEIOCS). 
 

PLATE III. 
 
TZAT& TV. 
 
put/-: 
 
\ 7 . 
 
/U tfJP'/J 
 
77// .YJJ'Z,/ 
 
 AT MONYMUSK. 
 
P /jJ TJ'y [X. 
 
PZZTZ' 
 
OLD DEER 
 
'JOT MJ.F7,/ 
 

1‘UTK W. 
 
PLATE XIV. 
 
PLATfi .17' 
 
 
 
 » m 
 
 Sma 
 
 *X': 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 M 
 
 Sf-Sp! 
 
 '5V 
 
 W5'* 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
'"v'/fvfyt, ■f»WMV'W+. 
 
 LOWER PART 
 
 . ?oa /** of 1 Foot 
 
 GTJENO.S STONE, 
 
 (NEAR FORRES) 
 
 PUThJ xm 
 

 UPPER PART 
 
 Soa/f of 1 food 
 
 'SUENOS STONE.' 
 

. A- ~..y. 
 

 
 
 
 
run: \\////. 
 
 SoaZo <tf J Fool-. 
 
 AT GLEN FERNESS. 
 


 
 

' y "' 'WWf/pWivw/wb 
 

Turjsmzr. 
 
 tSbafa of 2 Toot 
 
 AT DUNR0B1N 
 
 AT EDDERTON 
 
 ■i ;v 
 
PJJTL 
 

PC,AW JXXV/i. 
 
PLATE XXXIV//. 
 
PLATE XL. 
 


1‘hATE XLIII. 
 

1 J LA TE XL1JIL 
 

 

■'V»J 
 

P/.ATK XLVIU. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
XI7X HIY'1'1 
 


 


 

PLATE LXI. 
 

 PLATE LXII. 
 
 AT S 1 ANDREWS. IT: 2 
 
 StKE nf Ojio Vai'l- 
 
 FIJI) ED&E OF STONE N° 1 AT S T ANDREVAS 'P'ate J7L 
 
inxv n./.rv,/ 
 
PLJTE LX) 7 / 
 
 sw 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 " 
 
PLA TE LXnil. 
 

PLATE LXIZ. 
 
 JN THE CHURCH YARD UE ST Vi GRANS, N” 
 


 
PLATE IjXXI. 
 
 P A Ju-'-!.r:i»l.cki 
 
 Ksrih it, Sihh.. 
 
 Scale of One Fuot 
 
 Scale of Cue foot 
 
 TTeahthe Churchoe ABmEMW0,H“i. in the Churchward of si'®GEAN3 1 j>t“3 
 
 
 
PLATE LXXII. 
 

 
PLATE LX X III. 
 

 rijATIJ l.XXIV. 
 
 1 
 
 AT MEIGLE.W 4*. 
 
 YNDING IN THE CHTJRCH-YARL 
 
llatl lxxvii. 
 
i, 
 

rLATE 4 XXX/. 
 
 
 
 
 -1 i 
 
 ii 
 
 A K M.! TH’, AW.i.KMIRN' ^ 
 
 
 

LX XX/lf. 
 
 -"^vv.-nNV-v 
 
 n i tk 
 
 JK A WO.BI) WEAR SI.AMWIS ,'N’1 
 
 ' 
 
 •■Vb 
 
 ‘ 
 
 
 .fe 
 
 

PLATE LXXX!\ 
 

 Scale o{ Ora Toot 
 
 S T ORLAND’S STONE” 'AT COSSINS 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
riATE LXXX.MII. 
 

PLATE SCIf 
 

 UTICR OF MEIGLE J? 8 
 
 N° 12 
 

 
 

K1RK. SOUTH R ORA LD SHAY 
 

mm 
 

PLATE ('ll. 
 
f£ 
 
... 
 
 % "O 
 
 -«* ■ J'- 1 *: .,-:- ife ^: . 
 
 

PLATK cvm. 
 
i’/atf: ca 
 

PLATE CXT. 
 

 AT ALTYRE 
 
 AT INVERURY W 4- 
 

ri.ATii cx\ n 
 
PLATE rS\W . 
 
 SB-**. 
 
 
 w*< w 
 
X1X\) 'A,IMA 
 
Sella of One Foot. 
 
 AT MOTJNTBLOW HOUSE 
 
 
*• r*. 
 
 M 
 
 jM’" 
 
 \Y'- 
 
 I 
 
 !Nv«ir 
 
 1 
 
 A G l'b. TjoI* 
 
 AT THORNHILL . 
 
 

ri.ATi •; r.v.v/r. 
 



 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pass 
 
 

RAGMEN!S AT DRA1NIE 
 
 
 1 )( 
 
 I ~ "T4 
 
 % 
 
 3 1 
 
 fj 
 
 § 
 
I'J.ATE (XXXI. 
 
■s 
 

/•/, \tt; 
 
 r.u.r/r. 
 
 
 
 
 
 STONE COFFIN AT GOVAN 
 
 ENDS OF STONE COFFIN 
 

PLATE CXXXJ7. 
 
 
PLATE (’XXXVII. 
 
INDEX OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Site of Stone. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 Page. 
 
 County. 
 
 Pinto. 
 
 Abbotsford, formerly Woodwray, 
 
 . Aberlemno, 
 
 31 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 98-99 
 
 Abercorn, 
 
 Abercorn, 
 
 40 
 
 Linlithgow, 
 
 128 
 
 Abercromby, . 
 
 . Abercromby, . 
 
 38 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 124-5 
 
 Aberlemno, 
 
 . Aberlemno, 
 
 21, 24, 25, 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 71, 78-79, 80-81 
 
 Abernethy, 
 
 Abernethy, 
 
 15 
 
 Perth, 
 
 49 
 
 Aboyne, 
 
 . Aboyne, 
 
 7 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 13 
 
 Aldbar, 
 
 . Aberlemno, 
 
 25 
 
 Forfar, • . 
 
 82 
 
 Altyre, formerly Duff us, 
 
 . Duffus, 
 
 35 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 114 
 
 Andrews, St., 
 
 . St. Andrews, . 
 
 18 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 
 
 Anwoth (on a rock) . 
 
 . Anwoth, 
 
 31 
 
 Kirkcudbright, 
 
 97 
 
 Arndilly, 
 
 . Boharm, 
 
 8 
 
 Banff, 
 
 15 
 
 Aucbinlary High, 
 
 . Anwoth, 
 
 38 
 
 Kirkcudbright, 
 
 122-123 
 
 Ballutkeron, . 
 
 . Strathmartine, 
 
 20 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 67 
 
 Bankhead, or near Dupplin, . 
 
 Forteviot, 
 
 17 
 
 Perth, 
 
 57-58 
 
 Barrochan, 
 
 Houston and Killalan, 
 
 38 
 
 Renfrew, 
 
 115-116 
 
 Benvie, 
 
 . Liff and Benvie, 
 
 39 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 126 
 
 Birnie, 
 
 . Birnie, 
 
 8, 14 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 17, 42 
 
 Bourtie, 
 
 . Bourtie, 
 
 41 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 132 
 
 Bressay, 
 
 . Bressay, 
 
 30 
 
 Shetland, 
 
 94-95 
 
 Brodie, 
 
 . Dyke and Moy, 
 
 9 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 22-23 
 
 Bruceton, 
 
 . Alyth, 
 
 34 
 
 Perth, 
 
 111 
 
 Burghead, now at Inverness, 
 
 Duffus, 
 
 13 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 38 
 
 Cadboll, Hillton of, 
 
 . Fearn, 
 
 10 
 
 Ross, . 
 
 25 
 
 Camuston, 
 
 . Monikie, 
 
 26 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 S7 
 
 Clatt, 
 
 . Clatt, 
 
 4 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 5 
 
 Clyne, 
 
 . Clyne, 
 
 40 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 131 
 
 Cossens, “ St. Orland’s Stone” at, 
 
 Glammis, 
 
 26 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 85 
 
 Craig, church of, formerly at Inch bra} 
 
 ock Craig, 
 
 20 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 68 
 
 Crail, 
 
 . Crail, 
 
 19 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 64 
 
 Crieff, 
 
 . Crieff, 
 
 19 
 
 Perth, 
 
 65 
 
 Crichie, 
 
 . Kintore, 
 
 6 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 10 
 
 Craigton, now Dunrobin, 
 
 Golspie, 
 
 12 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 32, 34 
 
 Craigton, now at Church of Golspie, 
 
 Golspie, 
 
 12 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 32, 34 
 
 Clyne Milton, now Dunrobin, 
 
 . Golspie, 
 
 12 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 33 
 
 N 
 
Site of Stone. 
 
 Daviot, . 
 
 Deer Old, . 
 
 Dingwall, Stone near, 
 
 Docton, . 
 
 Don river, now at Keithhall, 
 
 Drainie, fragments at, 
 
 Drimmies, 
 
 Duffus, now at Altyre, 
 
 Dunfallandy, . 
 
 Dunkeld, . 
 
 Dunnichen, . 
 
 Dunrobin, . 
 
 Dupplin near, or Stone at Bankhead, 
 Dyce, • 
 
 Dyke, now at Brodie, 
 
 Eassie, . 
 
 Edderton, . 
 
 Edinburgh, .... 
 Elgin, . 
 
 Ellanmore, .... 
 Farr, . 
 
 Farnell, . . . . 
 
 Fordoun, . 
 
 Forte viot, . . . . 
 
 Fowlis Wester, ... 
 
 Gask, Bore Stone” of, 
 
 Glammis, .... 
 Glenferness, .... 
 Golspie, formerly Craigton, . 
 
 Govan, .... 
 
 Hamilton, .... 
 
 Inchbrayock, now at Church of Craig, 
 Inchcolm, . . . . 
 
 Insch, . . . . 
 
 Inveravon, . 
 
 Invergowrie, . . . 
 
 Inverkeithing, 
 
 Inverury, . 
 
 Keillor, 
 
 Kincardine, 
 
 Kingoldrum, . 
 
 Kinellar, 
 
 Kintore, 
 
 INDEX OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 Page. 
 
 County. 
 
 Daviot, 
 
 4 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 Old Deer, 
 
 6 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 Fodderty, 
 
 33 
 
 Ross, . 
 
 Kinglassie, 
 
 16 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 Inverury, 
 
 13 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 Drainie, 
 
 40 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 Inverury, 
 
 . 5 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 Duffus, 
 
 35 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 Logierait, 
 
 15 
 
 Perth, 
 
 Dunkeld, 
 
 15 
 
 Perth, 
 
 Dunnichen, 
 
 28 
 
 Perth, 
 
 Golspie, 
 
 35 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 Forteviot, 
 
 17 
 
 Perth, 
 
 Dyce, 
 
 5, 13 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 Dyke and Moy, 
 
 9 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 Eassie, 
 
 28 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 Edderton, 
 
 . 11,12 
 
 Ross, . 
 
 St. Cuthbert’s, 
 
 39 
 
 Edinburgh, 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 8 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 South Knapdale, 
 
 31 
 
 Argyll, 
 
 Farr, 
 
 12 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 Farnell, 
 
 26 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 Fordoun, 
 
 20 
 
 Kincardine, 
 
 Forteviot, 
 
 . 17 ;pref.j>. 
 
 . Perth, 
 
 Fowlis Wester, 
 
 17 
 
 Perth, 
 
 Trinity Gask, 
 
 32 
 
 Perth, 
 
 Glammis, 
 
 25, 26 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 Ardclaeh, 
 
 9 
 
 Nairn, 
 
 Golspie, 
 
 12 
 
 Sutherland, 
 
 Govan, 
 
 31 
 
 Lanark, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 36 
 
 Lanark, 
 
 Craig, 
 
 20 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 Aberdour, 
 
 39 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 Insch, 
 
 4 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 Inveravon, 
 
 8 
 
 Banff, 
 
 Liff and Benvie, 
 
 27,28 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 Inverkeithing, 
 
 41 
 
 Fife,- . 
 
 Inverury, 
 
 35 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 Newtyle, 
 
 34 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 Kincardine, . 
 
 12 
 
 Ross, . 
 
 Kingoldrum, . 
 
 15,28 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 Kinellar, 
 
 6 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 Kintore, 
 
 33 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 107-8 
 
 53-4 
 
 37 
 
 129-130 
 
 9 
 
 114 
 
 47-S 
 
 50-51 
 
 92 
 
 32, 33, 112 
 57-8 
 9, 39 
 22-3 
 
 90-91 
 31, 32 
 125 
 16 
 100 
 
 35 
 
 86 
 
 67 
 119 
 60 
 
 103-104 
 83, 84 
 24 
 34 
 
 101,134,135,136,137 
 118 
 
 68 
 125 
 6 
 15 
 
 88, 89 
 131 
 
 113-114 
 
 112 
 
 16 
 
 49, 93 
 10 
 
 109-10-11 
 
THE PLATES 
 
 Site of Stone. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 Page. 
 
 County. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Kirkclauch, 
 
 . Anwoth, 
 
 38 
 
 Kirkcudbright, 
 
 123 
 
 Kirriemuir, 
 
 . Kirriemuir, 
 
 14 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 43, 44, 45, 46 
 
 Knocknagael, 
 
 . Inverness, 
 
 13 
 
 Inverness, 
 
 38 
 
 Largo House, 
 
 Largo, 
 
 20 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 66 
 
 Logie, 
 
 . Chapel of Garioch, 
 
 4 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 3, 4 
 
 Lindores, 
 
 . Newburgh, 
 
 32 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 102 
 
 Madoes, St., . 
 
 . St. Madoes, . 
 
 16 
 
 Perth, 
 
 55-56 
 
 Maiden Stone, 
 
 . Chapel of Garioch, 
 
 3, 14 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 2, 42 
 
 Manbean, Upper, 
 
 . Elgin, 
 
 9 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 17 
 
 Mcigle, 
 
 . Meigle, 
 
 21, 22, 24, 
 
 Perth, 
 
 72, 73, 74-5, 76, 77 
 
 
 
 30,39 
 
 
 93, 127, 132 
 
 Menmuir, 
 
 . Menmuir, 
 
 29 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 92,132 
 
 Moniefietb, 
 
 Moniefieth, 
 
 29 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 92 
 
 Monymusk,. . 
 
 . Monymusk, 
 
 5 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 8 
 
 Mortlach, 
 
 . Mortlach, 
 
 7 
 
 Banff, 
 
 14 
 
 Mountblow House, 
 
 . Old Kilpatrick, 
 
 37 
 
 Dunbarton, 
 
 120 
 
 Mugdrum, 
 
 . Newburgh, 
 
 16 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 52 
 
 Newton, in the Gariocb, 
 
 . Culsalmond, . 
 
 1, 13 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 1, 37 
 
 Newton, Mill of, 
 
 . Logy Coldstone, 
 
 7 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 12 
 
 Nigg (Ross-shire) 
 
 • Ni gg, 
 
 11 
 
 Ross, . 
 
 28-29 
 
 Nome’s Law, silver ornaments at, 
 
 Largo, 
 
 42 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 133 
 
 Orland’s, St., Stone at Cossins, 
 
 . Glammis, 
 
 26 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 85 
 
 Park, .... 
 
 . Drumoak, 
 
 6 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 12 
 
 Papa Stronsay, 
 
 . Stronsay and Eday, . 
 
 14 
 
 Orkney, 
 
 42 
 
 Percylow, Mains of, . 
 
 . Clatt, 
 
 4 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 5 
 
 Rhynie, 
 
 . Rhynie, 
 
 4, 5 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 6, 7, 8 
 
 Ronaldshay South, 
 
 S. Ronaldshay & Burray 
 
 30 
 
 Orkney, 
 
 96 
 
 Rosemarkie, . 
 
 . Rosemarkie, . 
 
 33 
 
 Ross, . 
 
 105-6, 107-8 
 
 Sandness, Church of, 
 
 . Sandness, 
 
 43 
 
 Shetland, 
 
 138 
 
 Sauchope, Standing Stone of, 
 
 . Crail, 
 
 17 
 
 Fife, . 
 
 59 
 
 Shandwick, 
 
 . Nigg, 
 
 10 
 
 Ross, . 
 
 26-27 
 
 Stanlie, 
 
 . Paisley, 
 
 36 
 
 Renfrew, 
 
 117 
 
 Stonehaven, . 
 
 Stonehaven, . 
 
 14 
 
 Kincardine, 
 
 41 
 
 Strathbogie, “ Standing Stone” of, 
 
 . Huntly, 
 
 41 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 131 
 
 Strathmartine, 
 
 Strathmartine, 
 
 24 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 77, 132 
 
 Strowan, 
 
 Monievaird & Strowan, 
 
 32 
 
 Perth, 
 
 102 
 
 “ Sueno’s Stone,” near Forres, 
 
 . Rafford, 
 
 9 
 
 Elgin, 
 
 18-21 
 
 Tarbet, 
 
 . Tarbet, 
 
 11,12 
 
 Ross, . 
 
 30-36 
 
 Thurso Castle, 
 
 . Thurso, 
 
 11 
 
 Caithness, 
 
 30 
 
 Thornhill, 
 
 . Morton, 
 
 37 
 
 Dumfries, 
 
 121 
 
INDEX OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Site of Stone. 
 
 Thornton, near, 
 
 Tyrie, 
 
 Ulbster, 
 
 Vigeans, St., . 
 
 Wigton, 
 
 Woodwray, now at Abbotsford, 
 
 Parish. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Glammis, 
 
 25 
 
 Tyrie, 
 
 7 
 
 Wick, 
 
 14 
 
 St. Vigeans, . 
 
 21 
 
 Wigton, 
 
 38 
 
 Aberlemno, 
 
 31 
 
 County. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 . 73 
 
 Aberdeeu, 
 
 . 13 
 
 Caithness, 
 
 . 40 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 . 69, 70, 71,72 
 
 Wigton, 
 
 . 122 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 . 98-99 
 
 ABERDEEN! WILLIAM BESNKTT, PRINTER. 
 
.A'str/w. w/m/s 
 
 Mili k: 
 
 f' \m: m&Mf §