36 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 we shall find it less appetizing. We cannot in this instance 
 say with the poet : 
 
 Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas. 
 
 In a large shed a little further we find a variety of industrial 
 and agricultural implements, such as a wine-press, by Petit 
 and Robert, a very ingenious apparatus for making and bot¬ 
 tling sparkling wines, by Hermann-Lachapelle and Glover, a 
 sulfur injector for preventing cidion in vines, by Peltier, a steam 
 thrashing machine, by Gontreau, an improved oven, by 
 Biabaud, a mechanical kneading trough, by Goudot, and a 
 portable steam engine, by Cumming. 
 
 A dairy close by, belonging to the Count de Kergorlay, 
 affords a specimen of the excellent milk supplied by the 
 small-made, but prolific cows of Britanny. 
 
 There is but little belonging to France in the fourth quarter 
 of the Park. The Cercle International, a large building 
 skirting the roadway, was intended as a club, wherein the 
 exhibitors and visitors of all nations were to meet and frater¬ 
 nize. It turned out, however, as great a failure as the 
 International Theatre, and after several fruitless attempts at 
 realizing its original purpose, it fell back on Johann Strauss 
 and his band, as being the only harmony it could procure to 
 cheer its deserted halls. 
 
 Opposite the Cercle, we find the French Biblical Society 
 distributing their religious pamphlets; and the iron-works of 
 Petin, Gaudet & Co., surmounted with an electric apparatus 
 which sheds at night its blinding light over the whple neigh¬ 
 bourhood. 
 
 We must not forget, before leaving the Park, Raveneau’s 
 ingenious, irrigating apparatus, used for watering the grass- 
 
THE PARIS EXHIJ 3 ITI 0 N, 51 
 
 ing rooms, ventilators, cutters, rollers, &c., all worked by the 
 agency of steam. 
 
 Printing is rather poorly represented : Dutertre’s typo- 
 praphic press for printing two colours at once, Voirin’s litho¬ 
 graphic press, and Leboyer’s machine for printing address 
 cards in a few minutes with moveable types, are the only 
 objects worthy of notice in that section. 
 
 Levy’s centrifugal pump. 
 
 Caselli’s system for reproducing all sorts of writing or 
 designs, by electric telegraph, attract more attention. A 
 needle travelling over a cylindrical die, communicates, by 
 
 d 2 
 
Berendorff’s tubular boiler 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 55 
 
 There will come a time, no doubt, when artificial locomo¬ 
 tion will entirely supersede the antiquated custom of being 
 drawn by quadrupeds, but awaiting this happy age, when my 
 Lord Duke will drive his steam curricle to the Park, and when 
 horses will only be found in museums, classed as “ extinct 
 
 BrevalYportable vertical engine. 
 
 animals,” let us cast a glance on the ordinary carriages still 
 depending on equine traction. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 59 
 
 fringe and silver ornaments ; another carriage for Prince de 
 Talley rand-Perigord, by Ehrler, ornamented with princely 
 crowns, and bearing the motto of the family, Re que Diou ;* 
 a brougham, by Labourdette Brothers, with a drawer con¬ 
 taining a looking glass, and all implements appertaining to a 
 lady’s toilet, and a miniature barouche, by Binder Brothers, 
 which would exactly suit Queen Mab for her excursions. 
 
 We also remark a stylish brougham lined with white satin, 
 by Rothschild, (not the banker) a carriage with a tent above 
 it, like a Turkish araba , by Bouillon ; a dashing break , by Bail ; 
 a neat victoria , trimmed with flowered silk, by Treffil * and a 
 family omnibus, by Dufour Brothers, which reminds one of 
 the tar tanas in which the black-eyed senoras of Valencia parade 
 along their dusty alameda . 
 
 An annex outside contains carts and saddlery, which offer 
 nothing worth noting. 
 
 Following our course in the gallery, we find some interest¬ 
 ing plans of the mines of Grand’Combe, and Douchy, and of 
 the port of Denain, where by means of a sliding waggon, they 
 can shift the coals brought out of the pit either into a 
 railway truck, or into a barge lying at the quay. 
 
 We must not leave unnoticed a handsome monument made 
 of similipierre and similimarbre, which are excellent imitations, 
 the former of stone, the latter of marble, and seem to possess 
 all the qualities of the original at a much lower cost; and a 
 splendid organ, by Merkelin Schitze, which fills the air with 
 its vibrating harmonies. 
 
 We now come to a very interesting pdrt of the gallery * 
 
 Ki Nothing kit God. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 <>7 
 
 by a wolf, with ferocious looks and sharp fangs, queer ens 
 quern devoret , and we come to the last department of this 
 Gallery, which contains stoves, fire-guards, and chenets or 
 fire-dogs. The latter are used, as our readers probably 
 know, to support the logs of wood usually burnt in French 
 
 Clavier’s “ Chenefc or fire-dog. 
 
 chimneys. The protruding ends were formerly made to re¬ 
 semble a dog, hence the name. They are now, however, shaped 
 in various fancy ways as will be seen by the accompanying 
 illustration representing a chenet by Clavier, one of the best 
 manufacturers in that line. This chimney furniture which 
 appears so strange to the eyes of an Englishman, was in use 
 in this country before the discovery of coals, but it hr.s 
 long since been replaced by our commodious grates which 
 are much better suited to the requirements of the climate. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 IO 9 
 
 mercury pneumatic machine, Breguet’s aneroid barometer, 
 Nachet’s microscopes, Dubose’s optical instruments, Brunner’s 
 telescopes, and Deleuil’s automaton scales. 
 
 We may also notice as novelties Thomas’s Arithmometer to 
 enable uneducated persons to calculate, an idea apparently 
 borrowed from the Chinese, and Koenig’s acoustic apparatus 
 to decompose sounds by means of manometrical flames. 
 
 The most interesting exhibition of the medical section is 
 that of Dr. Auzoux, who demonstrates in its most minute de¬ 
 tails the anatomy of man and animals with plastic models. 
 The bones, muscles, arteries, viscera are taken to pieces and 
 replaced like the works of a clock. It is certainly very useful 
 to know where our organs lay, were it only to avoid the error 
 of that individual in Moliere’s play, who placed the heart to the 
 right, but after having seen the learned doctor undress a man 
 in this way, one cannot help finding that our poor humanity 
 is very ugly inside , and agreeing with the poet that Beauty is 
 hut skin deep. 
 
 We scarcely know what to say of the other objects which 
 meet our view in this department ; of these eyes which per- 
 sue us with their glassy look, of these teeth which grin at 
 us, of these arms and legs which seem to wait for a body; 
 all these sights are far from enlivening, and the same may be 
 said of those beautifully polished aud dreadfully sharp surgi¬ 
 cal instruments, which one cannot look at without involun¬ 
 tarily shuddering at their destination. 
 
 Let us wind up with a more cheerful theme. Some time 
 since, a paragraph went the rounds of the English papers 
 announcing that an addition had been made to the already 
 long list of female artifices. Some ladies in France, displeased 
 
120 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE HISTORY OF LABOUR. 
 
 One of the happiest ideas of the Exhibition of 1867 has been, 
 as we said before, to show the progress of industry by illus¬ 
 trating chronologically the different phases through which it 
 has passed before attaining its present state of perfection. ' 
 This collection, placed in a Gallery denominated the “ His¬ 
 tory of Labour,” enables us to study the products of man’s 
 genius at different periods and at various places, supplying at 
 the same time good models to pratical men. 
 
 Museums, churches, learned bodies and amateurs promptly 
 obeyed the call of the commissioners in assisting them towards 
 this object, and their united contributions form the most 
 unique assemblage of curiosities that has ever been, or per¬ 
 haps ever will be seen. 
 
 This collection is divided into ten parts : 
 
 1. Gaul before the use of metals. 
 
 2. Independant Gaul. 
 
 3. Gaul under the Romans. 
 
 4. The Franks to the coronation of Charlemagne 
 (a.d. 800). 
 
 5. The Carlovingians from the beginning of the 9th 
 to the end of the I Ith century. 
 
12 6 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 The Nevers and Rouen earthenwares find their place in 
 the following period as well as the St. Cloud china, carved 
 and gilt wood furniture, marqueterie mounted in bronze, 
 watches in enamel cases representing subjects from sacred 
 
 Enamel, Leonard Limousin. 
 
 history or from mythology, clocks with allegorical figures, 
 lackered harpsichords with Chinese paintings, ivory fans, 
 high-heeled shoes, and other interesting knick-knacks. 
 
i 
 
 I30 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 arms, Beauvais and Gobelins tapestry, stuffs, laces, &c. The 
 vase represented here was made at Sevres to celebrate the 
 battle of Fontenoy, of which it illustrates an episode. 
 
 The last room brings us to the commencement of this 
 century ; to the rocaille style succeed the exquisite produc¬ 
 tions of the reign of Louis XVI. which will long remain as 
 standing models for arti 3 ¥$L : The Buhl furniture, bronzes, 
 biscuit figures, coffers, enamelled boxes, miniatures, fans, all 
 partake of this happy renovation. Among the curiosities we 
 may mention a lock bearing the name of the royal maker, 
 Louis XVI. Versailles , 1778. 
 
 Here we must terminate our brief survey of this in¬ 
 teresting gallery, our chief excuse for its incompleteness being 
 that the catalogue consists of no less than 650 closely printed 
 pages. We should be, however, failing in our duty, were 
 we not to mention a few of the amateurs to whose kindness 
 and zeal the public is indebted for this rare treat, and this 
 unique opportunity of inspecting the treasures of their 
 museums. The principal exhibitors are Barons James, 
 Alphonse and Gustave de Rothschild, Duke de Mouchy, 
 Princess Czartoryska, Duke of Mecklemburg, Marquis de 
 Vibraye, Marchioness de Fenelon, Counts de Pontgibaud, 
 d’Armaille, and Chauveau, Viscounts Ponton d’Amecourt, 
 de Saint-Pierre, and d’Aigneaux, and Messrs. Davillier, 
 Fillion, Delamarre, Barry, Greau, Firmin Didot, V. Gay, 
 F. Fould, and Dr. Garrigou. 
 
 A collection of architectural designs is placed in the open 
 gallery surrounding the garden, and in the centre; of the 
 latter rises a pavilion containing a very instructive series of 
 the coins and measures of all nations. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 *53 
 
 Among sundry machines, we notice a large apparatus 
 for the continuous distillation of alcohol, by Lefebvre of 
 Brussels, and an endless paper engine, by Dautrebande and 
 Thiry, Huy. 
 
 Namur has long been famed for its cutlery; Mr. Masset- 
 Licot exhibits the finest assortment in that branch. 
 
 The cold and damp climate of Belgium requires some good 
 warming apparatus, and those who have visited that country 
 probably remember the huge stoves which are in use there, 
 and of which M. de Lairesse, of Liege, gives us some excel¬ 
 lent specimens. 
 
 Belgian fire-arms are well known everywhere ; what is 
 perhaps less known, is the pretension, which we have no 
 reason to deem unfounded, of one of the Belgian manu¬ 
 facturers to have invented the celebrated needle-gun , to which 
 the Prussians are so much indebted. 
 
 It appears that, in 1832, Mr. Montigny, a gun-maker in 
 Brussels, took out a patent for a breech-loading gun. He 
 made a certain number of them for the Russian Government, 
 but they do not seem to have been well appreciated at the 
 time. His son and successor exhibits, among a fine collection 
 of military and sporting arms, the first needle-gun made by 
 his father. 
 
 The important arms-manufactory of Liege is principally 
 represented by Messrs. Lepage and Chevrot, who have single 
 barrelled guns at 5s., and double-barrelled ones at 12s. 6d. ; 
 Mr. Gaubert who has guns with sliding breech for the army ; 
 Mr. Dumoulin Lambinon, Messrs. Malherbe & Co., and Mr. 
 Lemille who work chiefly for exportation, and Messrs. 
 Bayet Brothers whose arms are admirably finished. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 X 59 
 
 would not be disowned by his English confrere . We may 
 mention, among others, Fox, Patience and Experience , and The 
 Mountebank's Room , a most humorous and truthful scene. 
 
 The honours of the room, however, are due to his name¬ 
 sake, Alfred Stevens, who exhibits eighteen pictures which 
 are all master-pieces. Miss Fauvette , a young maid with fair 
 hair, black eyes and a roguish face ; The Pmk Lady , lost in 
 admiration before a doll; and Morning in the -Country are the 
 principal specimens of that freshness of colour and mellow¬ 
 ness of touch, for which Stevens is justly celebrated. 
 
 After him we may name Florent Willems, whose composi¬ 
 tions are also extremely graceful; The Wedding Ring , and The 
 Visit to the Young Mother are both charming sketches. 
 
 As a genre painter, Dansaert, also excels ; The Good Servant, 
 belonging to Mr. Gambart of London, and Taken to the Watch 
 house, are full of humour and animation. 
 
 A Wedding in Ziuid Beveland, by Dillens, is an excellent 
 illustration of local manners ; the costumes of the old fas¬ 
 hioned Zeelanders are very accurate. 
 
 Verheyden exhibits four little gems in one frame ; Confi¬ 
 dence abused, two servants secretly tapping a barrel whilst their 
 master looks at them through the cellar-door, is a very comical 
 scene worthy of Van Ostade. 
 
 Campotosto’s productions are more in the English style, 
 with its fresh and sometimes too fresh colours. 
 
 Stallant has a charming picture representing a young beauty 
 balancing herself on a swing, whilst a little Cupid perched on 
 her shoulder whispers soft secrets into her ear; we do not 
 like so well his Portrait of Lesbie, which seems a pale copy of 
 the palest of French painters, Flamon, 
 
Wurtemberg Paper Machine. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 177 
 
 ing of Chamyl's entrenchments hy the Russians, drawn oil the spot 
 by Horschelt. 
 
 Let us turn to more lively subjects : here is a Procession 
 overtaken hy rain, which Baumgartner has most humourously 
 sketched. A country priest and his acolytes are beating a 
 hasty retreat through the fields, and everything is in the most 
 comical confusion. 
 
 Louis de Hagen’s Skittle ground ; Hobach’s Secret wine- 
 tasting, and Schnetz’s Easter morning, are also good genre 
 pictures. 
 
 Zimmermann’s Wedding cortege gives an excellent idea of 
 local costumes, and The Tyrolese forge, a winter scene by 
 Hoefer, makes us regret there are no other works by the 
 same artist. 
 
 A landscape, by Schleich, called A View of Starnberg, has a 
 remarkable effect of rain in the distance. 
 
 Brait’s Cows and Sheep ; Voltz’s Cattle passing a ford, and 
 the Return of the flock, by Voltz and Schleich, are worthy to be 
 signed Rosa Bonheur. 
 
 There are two remarkable series of small grisaille drawings ; 
 one, by Charles d’Ennhuber, illustrates Suabian tales, the 
 other, by Arthur de Ramberg, Goethe’s poem, Hermann and 
 Dorothea. 
 
 The Tanhauser shield, beautifully chased by Conrad, de¬ 
 lineates in all its phases the fantastical, and, we may add, 
 highly absurd history of this knight, who is constantly float¬ 
 ing between Venus and the Virgin Mary* 
 
 We must not forget, before we leave the Bavarian pavilion, 
 to mention a beautiful collection of paintings on porcelain. 
 
 The Prussian pictures are exhibited in the Gallery of Fine 
 Arts* 
 
 u 
 
Moldavian Costume. 
 
192 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 SPAIN, PORTUGAL AND GREECE. 
 
 Finding insufficient the space which had been awarded her 
 in the building, Spain built herself a large pavilion in the 
 Park to place therein her raw materials and colonial produce. 
 
 After examining the rich and varied metallic ores con¬ 
 tained in the soil of that country, it is easy to understand 
 how it excited by turns the covetousness of the Phoenicians, 
 the Romans, the Arabs, all conquering people in search of 
 metals to maintain their warlike power, and to supply their 
 want of luxuries. 
 
 Here is iron from Santa Anna de Bolueta and Bilbao, 
 copper from Rio-Tinto, tin from Zamora, manganese from 
 Rio-Baco and Huelva, Mercury from Almaden, zinc from 
 Vittoria, lead from Jaen, silver from Guadalajara. Caceres, 
 Murcia, Badajoz, Ciudad-Real, Leon, send us a host of 
 different minerals ; Burgos exhibit marbles, Saragossa alabaster 
 and rock-salt, Cordova jasper, Ubrillas jet and amber, Canil 
 sulphur, Toledo kaolin, Alava asphalte, Oviedo coals. 
 What riches are heaped in this corner of the world, and 
 what wealthy people the Spaniards would be if they did not 
 fail in those three essentials : capital, industrious habits, and 
 spirit of enterprise. 
 
 In the next room we see a fine collection of Sherry wines 
 
Roman Peasant. 
 
 P 2 
 
236 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 which are embroidered death’s heads, and all the instruments 
 of the Passion. 
 
 Heimiftniftn Pavilion, 
 
 In the Machine Gallery rises a Roumanian kiosque with its 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 53 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 We can say of the United States the same that we have said 
 of Russia ; they are far from occupying at the Exhibition a 
 space proportionate to the extent of their territory ; however, 
 the articles which they contribute are very interesting, and 
 quite characteristic of that people emanating from the vast 
 crucible where all the European elements have been blended, 
 and whose adopted motto is “ go ahead.” 
 
 At the first glance we see that the Americans’ main object 
 is to supply the want of hands by the powerful aid of machin¬ 
 ery. The most simple and trivial things are done by its aid. 
 Thus we observe in the Annex a machine for peeling apples, 
 another for beating carpets, anjiutomatic apparatus for cleaning 
 glasses, several sorts of mechanical flour sieves and kneading- 
 troughs, and a number of inventions for washing and ironing 
 linen. One of the most ingenious among the latter is that 
 from Browning, of New-York ; the linen is placed on a 
 ribbed platform, over which hot soap-suds are poured, and 
 by turning a handle, the washing is accomplished in a very 
 short time. 
 
 American railway-plant has been long celebrated for 
 its high finish and comfortable arrangement; the specimens 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 29 1 
 
 to indicate, undeservedly, an inferiority in certain branches 
 of manufacture exercised by the same individual. 
 
 Let us take, for instance, the case of Mr. Thomas Ross 
 who received a gold medal for his philosophical instruments, 
 whilst his photographic lenses which are universally admitted 
 to be unsurpassed by any other, English or Foreign, only 
 obtained a bronze medal. 
 
 Returning to chemicals, we shall mention in the first place 
 a fine display of Carbolic acid, by Mr. Crace Calvert, of 
 Manchester, who has now brought into general use this 
 excellent disinfectant, which proved so valuable during the last 
 
 Statham’s Chemical Cabinet. 
 
 invasion of cholera and was equally successful in checking the 
 progress of the cattle plague. If the British regulations had 
 permitted it, Mr. Calvert would probably have received the 
 order of the Legion of Honour, in addition to his well 
 
 T 2 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 3 °5 
 
 a gold medal, received one of the grand prizes, a well deserved 
 distinction for 'the great perfection they have introduced into 
 their agricultural machines, and especially their steam-thrasher 
 which extracts the corn, chops and bruises the straw, and 
 raises it on to the stack, all in one operation ; their turnwrist 
 plough, corn-mill, &c. Rewards were also conferred on 
 Samuelson’s ingenious reaping machine, Clayton, Shuttle- 
 
 worth & Co.’s portable steam engines, Hornsby’s thrashers and 
 reapers, Fowler’s steam plough, and Garrett & Son’s and 
 Howard’s miscellaneous agricultural implements. 
 
 The Whitworth Company’s Howitzer. 
 
 On our way back to the building we find in the British 
 section of the Park many objects of interest. 
 
 On the banks of the river a large shed has been erected to 
 contain marine engines and models, and the splendid exhi¬ 
 bitions of Penn, of Greenwich, Laird, of Birkenhead, and 
 Napier, of Glasgow, find certainly no parallel in any nation, 
 the French included. The Admiralty also make a good 
 
 u 
 
THk paris Exhibition. ^29 
 
 of Johore, of Kaju gahroo , a wood much used to burn as 
 incense. 
 
 The whole arrangement of the Indian collection reflects 
 much credit on Mr. Dowleans, of Calcutta, to whom it was 
 entrusted. 
 
 All the Australian Colonies, with the exception of Tas¬ 
 mania and Western Australia, are represented here. Victoria, 
 New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland make the 
 best show. 
 
 The magnitude of the wool trade' in Australia is illustrated 
 by a huge trophy of bales to which all the colonies have con¬ 
 tributed, and the eagerness with which continental buyers 
 scan the well-known marks of the bales and their contents, 
 shows their appreciation of the quality. As to the quantity 
 produced, a few figures may here find their place. There 
 are now, spread over Australia, about thirty million sheep, 
 and the annual exports of wool average one hundred million 
 pounds, of which New South Wales supplies nearly a 
 third. There are besides three million horned cattle, and six 
 million horses tallow, hides, skins, and preserved meats 
 are therefore also exported to a considerable extent. 
 
 Taking now each Colony in rotation, we shall commence 
 with Queensland, which, although the youngest, bids fair to 
 become some day the most important, for, like Natal, it 
 combines the products of temperate and tropical climates, and 
 by the side of the cereals, fruits and vegetables of Europe, it 
 yields sugar, coffee, pepper, cotton, tobacco, lemons, pine¬ 
 apples, &c. It possesses also a great variety of woods, 
 useful and ornamental, among which the myall-wood (acacia 
 pendula) is much prized for its beautiful violet odour. The 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, 
 
 Bird’s Eye View of the Paris Exhibition - Frontispiece 
 
 Greek Vase - - - - Title-page 
 
 “Aquarium Humain ” - - - - 26 
 
 f* Enfer Humain ” - - 27 
 
 Carre’s apparatus for producing artificial cold - - 30 
 
 Flower-stand and Fountain, Clovis - - - 33 
 
 Pieuvre or Cuttle Fish, in the Park Aquarium - - 35 
 
 Hermann-Lachapelle and Glover’s apparatus for making and bottling 
 
 Sparkling Wines - - - 37 
 
 Champonnois’ centrifugal Beetroot cutter - - 48 
 
 Francis’s apparatus for manufacturing Aerated Waters - 49 
 
 Levy’s centrifugal Pump - - - - 51 
 
 BerendorfFs tubular Boiler - - - - 54 
 
 Breval’s portable vertical Engine - - - 55 
 
 Quetel Tremois’Sawing Machine - - - - 56 
 
 Noel’s Soap-Mill - - - - - 57 
 
 The Pacha of Egypt’s carriage by Kellner - - 58 
 
 Clavier’s “ Chenet ” or fire-dog - - - 67 
 
 Fan,. Guerin-BrJcheux - - - - 72 
 
 Pendant, Froment-Meurice - - - - 74 
 
 Pendant, Rouvenat - - - - 75 
 
 Brooch, Weise - - - - - 75 
 
 Peasant of Britanny - - - 76 
 
 Peasant woman of Britanny - - - 77 
 
 Peasants of Alsace - - - - 78 
 
 Arm-chair, Fourdinois - - - - 80 
 
 Vase of Algerian Onyx, Viot & Co. - - - 82 
 
 " Benitier,” Tahan - - - - 83 
 
 Tray of hardened wood, Latry - - - 84 
 
 Carpet, Mourceau - - - - 85 
 
 Sevres Vase - - _ _ - 86 
 
 Aquarium and Flower-stand, St. Louis - - - 87 
 
 Tea Urn, Christofle - - - - - 88 
 
 W 
 
I “ Those who took pleasure in wandering through the marvellous country 
 j —the Paris Exhibition—now as much a dream of the past as the Paradise of 
 I our first parents, will not be sorry to have so elegant a souvenir of its beauties 
 i and its wonders, as is contained in this volume.”— Wellington Gazette, 
 
 ! 15th March, 18G8. 
 
 | “ The arrangement appears to us clear and comprehensive, the subjects for 
 
 j illustration selected with judgment, and the notices fair, candid, and unpre- 
 j judiced.”— Anglo-American Times, 14th March, 1868. 
 
 ; “ A very agreeable reminiscence of the Great Show.”— Illustrated Times, 
 
 | 21st March, 1868. 
 
 ; “ The style is simple and elegant, the language on all occasions well se- 
 
 ! lected ; and the various subjects handled in a way which, without exaggera- 
 | tion, maybe called masterly.”— Illustrated Weekly News, 14th March, 
 18G3. 
 
 ) “ The work is what its title professes it to be, a description of the plan and 
 
 1 leading objects of the Exhibition.”— Journal of the Society of Arts, 29th 
 March, 1868. 
 
 “ This book will be a welcome souvenir of the Exhibition to those who 
 saw it, while to those who did not see it, it will be a compensation, if not a 
 substitute, since after reading the volume carefully they might well pass 
 themselves off as having visited the Show.”— Fun, 12th M arch, 1868. 
 
 “ As a thoroughly honest and impartial critic of the Paris Exhibition, Mr. 
 Rimmel is entitled to the highest praise for the manner in which he has 
 performed his task.”— Cosmopolitan. 
 
 “ An excellent souvenir of the World’s Fair of 1867.”— Echoes from the 
 Clubs, 18th March, 1868. 
 
 “ Ce livre fait honneur a l’esprit d’observation, b. la facilite d’assimilation 
 de M. Rimmel. IJn travail comme celui-la demandait un grand fonds de 
 connaissances techniques, et l’on peut s’etonner a bon droit, que l’eminent 
 industriel qui l’a produit ait pu parler d’une maniere si cOmpetente et 6i 
 complete des mille objets interessants qui se sont offerts a son examen.”— 
 Courrier de l’Europe, 21st March, 1868. 
 
 “We strongly recommend the work, both to those who visited the Exhi¬ 
 bition, and to those who did not. To the former it will prove an agreeable 
 souvenir; to the latter it will be an interesting and instructive description.” 
 — Court Circular, 14th March, 1868. 
 
 “ This elegantly bound and charmingly illustrated volume bespeaks the 
 intelligence as well as the taste of its author.”— Reynold’s Newspaper, 22nd 
 March, 1868. 
 
 “ This book, equally for its external appearance, as for its internal worth, 
 is one which ought largely to share public approbation.”— Weekly 
 Register, 21st March, 1868. 
 
 “ This pretty table-book will pleasantly .remind the English visitors to the 
 late Paris Exhibition of its most striking features.”— Chemist and Druggist, 
 14th March, 1868. 
 
 “ The contents of Mr. Rimmel’s book are various. He not only gives an 
 exhaustive account of the industrial manufactures displayed in the Courts of 
 the different nations, but accompanies them with singularly truthful as well 
 as graceful illustrations.”— Glowworm, 19th March, 1868. 
 
 “Well worth reading and preservation.”— News of the World, 28th 
 March, 1868. 
 
 “ A series of chatty descriptions.”— Athenaeum, 4th April, 1868. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 2 2 
 
 Heath ; chemical products had sixty-one gold medals, mathe¬ 
 matical instruments twenty-one — a fact easily accounted for, 
 by the number of savants who formed part of the Jury, and 
 who were naturally prone to reward the things they could 
 best understand. 
 
 If we now turn to the really industrial part of the Exhibi¬ 
 tion we find twelve gold medals given to silks, nine to wools, 
 and only five to the pottery, earthenware and porcelain of all 
 nations, although this branch of manufacture requires perhaps 
 a greater amount of art and industry combined than any other. 
 
 Great dissatisfaction was also expressed by the exhibitors 
 in reference to collective medals, which reward every body 
 without doing good to any one, as none of the individuals 
 thus grouped can claim the prize for himself. 
 
 There was, however, one redeeming point in the system of 
 rewards adopted this time, and that was giving prizes to 
 cooperators , or in other words, to foremen or workmen who 
 had contributed to the success and progress of a house. 
 
 We shall now commence our review in the following order: 
 we shall first examine the French section of the Park, the 
 External Gallery, the whole Exhibition of France and her 
 Colonies, and the Island of Billancourt•, and we shall then 
 review each foreign country in turn, taking it as it is placed 
 in the Palace. 
 
3 2 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 and reminds us of those good old-fashioned Flemish towns 
 or of the holy city of Moscow, where bells are tolling day 
 and night. If, however, this peal is intended, as we under¬ 
 stand for Buffalo, why not make them play, instead of Partant 
 pour la Syrie , the air de cirConstance 
 
 Buffalo gals come out to night. 
 
 Opposite rises on a mound a feudal half-ruined tower from 
 the base of which rushes a cataract of surging waters. This 
 pseudo-relict of antiquity, which seems ill-matched with its 
 modern neighbours, is simply the reservoir which feeds the 
 water-works in the garden. 
 
 A large Swiss chalet , built by Koeffer, looks down with 
 apparent scorn from its carved balconies on a lowly cot across 
 the road. Yet the latter, which is a model labourer’s dwelling, 
 received one of the great prizes ; it is true that the exhibitor’s 
 name is Napoleon, and one does not see every day an 
 Emperor compete with simple mortals. 
 
 We become here somewhat bewildered, for it is impossible 
 to follow anything like a regular plan in the intricate maze of 
 alleys which divide the interior of the Park. We must 
 therefore mention in a lump, as worthy of remark : an exhi¬ 
 bition of photo-sculpture, a new art applying to relief what 
 has hitherto been done on flat surfaces, a gallery of trans¬ 
 parent portraits, by Mr. Marechal, a very convenient system, 
 by the bye, of seeing through your friends, Leroy-Durand’s 
 stearine manufactory, Roseleur’s galvano-plastic apparatus, 
 Chaudet and Thuillier’s wool-washing machines, and some 
 fine specimens of enamelled stone-ware by C. de Boissimon 
 of Langeais, which are particularly suitable for exposed 
 monuments and ornaments, as they unite the hardness of 
 stone to the brilliancy of majolica. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 3^ 
 
 plots. The head of the apparatus, fixed at the end of a long 
 india-rubber tube, stands on two iron legs, which, propelled 
 by the force of the jet slightly checked in the mouth, progress 
 and waddle on, whilst the head of the pipe turns rapidly 
 right and left. This contrivance serves, no doubt, a very 
 useful purpose, doing its work without requiring any atten¬ 
 tion, but it produces at the same time a most comical effect, 
 and looks like some amphibious dragon, snorting water and 
 dragging his long tail after him. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 43 
 
 whom we shall further describe, when we come to the Palace 
 of the Bey of Tunis. 
 
 Chinese and Japanese eating-houses had been likewise an¬ 
 nounced, and anxiously were we waiting for the tripangs, swal¬ 
 low-nests, puppies stewed in castor oil, and other promised 
 culinary delights of the far-east, but we were doomed to 
 disappointment, for the so-called Chinese restaurant in the 
 Park boasted of nothing better than vulgar beef steaks and 
 mutton chops. 
 
 We now come to the American bar where dexterous bar¬ 
 men mix and dispense, with wonderful celerity, the various 
 drinks known by the quaint names of sherry-cobbler, mint julep, 
 brandy smash , gin cock-tail, thunder and lightning,pick-me-up, &c., 
 which foreigners imbibe with great relish without making the 
 slightest attempt to understand their denomination. 
 
 We terminate our review with the English refreshment 
 contractors, Spiers and Pond, Bertram and Roberts, and 
 Trotman, who vie with each other in the elegance of the 
 fittings, the comfort of the arrangements and the excellence 
 of the fare. A legion of blooming Hebes minister to the 
 wants of a host of thirsty Jupiters-, and largely contribute by 
 their bright looks and flowing tresses to the attractions of the 
 place. 
 
The Pacha of Egypt's carriage by Kellner. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 75 
 
 which are placed in their immediate neighbourhood, possess 
 
 Pendent, Rouvenat. 
 
 similar allurements for men. 
 Here they can admire at their 
 ease the beautiful displays 
 made by Lepage, Lefaucheux, 
 Doye, Lagreze, &c., and 
 compare together all the no¬ 
 vel systems. Can they, how¬ 
 ever, decide at a glance whe¬ 
 ther French guns and pistols 
 excel those of Belgium, Ame¬ 
 rica or England ? It is scarcely 
 probable, as they must be tried 
 to be judged,and theoretical 
 explanation teaches us very 
 little of their merits., 
 
 As another instance of 
 the irregular system of 
 grouping, we find toys by 
 the side of fire-arms, both 
 being classed with cloth¬ 
 ing, under the plea no 
 doubt that a gun apper¬ 
 tains to the costume \)f a 
 man, and a doll forms part 
 of that of a girl. 
 
 A trophy composed of 
 a negro playing the flute, 
 a rabbit beating the tam¬ 
 bourine and of other me- 
 
 Brooch, Weise. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 I0 3 
 
 ladies the double attraction of a soft resting divan,' and 
 of a balmy atmosphere. There, in plain but neat glass 
 cases, the leading Paris perfumers, such as Piver, Violet, 
 Guerlain, Chardin, Legrand, Gelle, Pinaud, display their 
 
 Flagon, Thiery. Aluminium bronze Chalice, Morin. 
 
 tempting wares, and many are the wistful glances cast by the 
 fair visitors at those dainty bottles, those elegant sachets, those 
 brightly coloured soaps, of which the look is the least merit. 
 In another compartment are the distillers from Nice, Cannes 
 and Grasse, whose products do not appeal so much to the 
 eye, although they are the sources whence flow the streams 
 of sweet odours. Among the latter we shall mention D. 
 Semeria & Co., of Nice, who make a goodly show of the 
 balmy treasures v/hich they cull in that ever-flowering Eden. 
 
148 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 greatest praise; by means of very simple mechanism, which 
 a child can set in motion, heavily loaded vehicles may be 
 
 stopped with the greatest ease, whilst going up or down a 
 steep incline. 
 
 We also compliment Mr. Felix, of Houdan, on his hydraulic 
 
* 5 * 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 quantity is imported from abroad to feed the manufactories 
 which exist in all large Belgian cities, such as Brussels $ 
 Antwerp, Ghent, Liege, &c. Belgian cigars are generally 
 well made and fully appreciated by connoisseurs. Stein 
 & Co., of Antwerp, and Rombauts, of Brussels, exhibit a 
 fine collection of different qualities, varying in price from 
 30 fr. to 300 fr. per thousand. 
 
 Belgium is nearly as .celebrated for her musicians as she is 
 for her painters ; it is therefore no wonder that the manufac¬ 
 tory of musical instruments should be carried there to such 
 perfection. The Brussels Society’s great . organ, Berden 
 Brother’s pianos, Vuillaume’s violins, and Mahillon’s wind 
 instruments, all exhibit the latest improvements. 
 
 Some finely illustrated works by Muquardt, Parent & Son, 
 Annoot-Raeckman -and Claesen, and some historical works 
 edited by Weissenbruch and Gyselynk show what progress 
 the bookselling trade, no longer depending on piracy, has 
 made in Belgium. 
 
 We may also compliment Gailliard & Daveluy, of Bruges, 
 on their fine chromo-lithographies ; Everaerts-Fizenne on 
 his paper-hangings ; Ghemar Brothers and Geruzet Brothers 
 on their photographies, and Brepols & Dierckx on their 
 playing cards. 
 
 Belgian paper-mills are, like the rest, progressing ; Catala 
 Brothers and the Basse-Wavre and Gastu.che Society show 
 some very good samples of paper. 
 
 Window-glass is one of the specialities of Belgium, as 
 may be judged from the collective show of the Halnaut 
 glass-makers, comprising no less than thirty-four exhi¬ 
 bitors. Among those we particularly distinguish Mr. Mon- 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 1 63 
 
 are played behind a transparent cloth, and which have been 
 introduced in Europe under the name of. Chinese shadows . 
 These Wayangs which are made to represent the heroes of 
 the first period of the history of Java have the most gro¬ 
 tesque features ; the nose particularly is of a pyramidical 
 length; they say they were thus disfigured by the first 
 Apostles of Mahomet, to make it appear to the people that 
 their ancestors did not possess human features till after their 
 conversion to the faith of the prophet. 
 
 Old Dutch pottery, as is known, is much sought after by 
 amateurs; there are here some beautiful specimens, and 
 among others, a scene representing a fair, and signed 
 Vinkenbooms, 1609. 
 
 The Dutch gold and silver plate is rather massive, but' it 
 is not without elegance ; we remark particularly some beau¬ 
 tiful pieces by Meyer, of the Hague, and a silver vase, the 
 handles of which are formed without sodering, by an 
 electro-chemical process, which does great credit to its 
 author, Mr. Van Kempen, of Vorschoten. 
 
 The ancient goldsmith’s work shown in the Gallery of the 
 History of Labour is extremely curious ; we may mention 
 among others the cup named Hansjein den Kelder (cellar 
 Jack), which was used to toast a future citizen, when there 
 was in the company a lady who hoped to become soon a 
 mother. By' some mechanism in the goblet, a small figure of a 
 child placed in the interior, gradually rises as the liquor is 
 poured in, and at last entirely issues from its hiding place. 
 
 Stolzenberg, of Ruremonde, distinguishes himself by his 
 show of ecclesiastical vestments embroidered with great 
 taste, and his handsome altars made in different styles. 
 
 l 2 
 
166 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 PRUSSIA AND GERMAN STATES. 
 
 Whilst we are in the Park let us examine this wonderful 
 Wurtemberg paper machine, for which a special building has 
 been erected. 
 
 Since the papyrus of the Ancients and the parchment of 
 Middle Ages, numerous are the inventions of man to procure 
 a white, smooth and thin surface whereon to delineate the 
 inspirations of his wisdom or the ravings of his folly. For a 
 long time rags were sufficient, and the gentleman’s linen after 
 having done its service in the upper ranks, and gradually 
 descended to the lower, was finally transformed into the best 
 cream-laid , and sometimes returned to him in the shape of a 
 billet-doux. Now the consumption of paper in Europe alone 
 being totally out of proportion with the production of rags in 
 the whole universe, all sorts of substitutes have been devised 
 to replace them. Straw, bark, and sundry fibres have been 
 tried with more or less success. 
 
 Voelter’s machine, exhibited by Decker Brothers, of Cann- 
 stadt, proves that the nature of the ingredient is not of so 
 much importance as the mode of treating it, for with the aid 
 of its powerful crushers, grinders and rollers it turns any 
 kind of light coloured wood into fine white pulp. The ad- 
 
Norwegian House. 
 
 1HH 
 
2I 4 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 extent, but from the series of woods sent by the different 
 provinces, it is easy to see what a source of future wealth 
 they contain. Among the specimens we remark a particular 
 sort of beech called casse, the bark of which imparts to 
 leather an agreeable odour. Every one knows the smell of 
 Russia leather , but a fact less known to those who have not 
 visited the country is, that all leathers tanned there are aroma¬ 
 tized by the process. The first impression we experienced 
 when’ landing on Russian ground was a nasal one, and when 
 entering the leather section at the Exhibition, we almost fancied 
 we were walking down the Galeeren Pereoulok, so much 
 do odours influence memory. 
 
 The riches of Russia are not all to be found on the surface 
 of the soil ; the interior contains wealth at least equal, which 
 has been hitherto but imperfectly explored. 
 
 Prince Demidoff ranks as one of the largest mine owners ; 
 he exhibits very good copper, iron and platina ores ; but, he 
 is principally celebrated for his malachites, which are un¬ 
 doubtedly the finest in the world. Many of our readers will 
 remember the splendid malachite gates he had at the Great 
 Exhibition of 1851, and he now sends a block of that valuable 
 stone weighing upwards of two tons. 
 
 Next ill importance comes Mr. Alibert, a Frenchman, who 
 discovered at Mount Batougol, near Irkoutsk, in Siberia, a 
 very abundant mine of graphite, and who in spite of numerous 
 impediments succeeded in working it most successfully. This 
 mineral which is commonly, but improperly, called black lead , 
 has hitherto been derived from the Cumberland mines, but 
 they are giving signs of exhaustion, and Mr. Alibert’s dis¬ 
 covery was made just at the right time. 
 
216 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 mingham. It is thence TchernikofF sends us his finely toned 
 bells, and SamofF his samovars , or copper tea-urns, into which 
 a piece of red-hot iron is thrust to make the water boil. We 
 also remark some charming loschkas or platina spoons inlaid 
 with gold. 
 
 The Emperor’s goldsmith, SasikofF, exhibits some splendid 
 pieces, from which we select for illustration a highly chased 
 tankard, representing an.episode of Russian history. 
 
 Wurtemberg has not the monoply of paper-wood •, here is 
 some from a Mr. Idestant which may compete with its German 
 rival. 
 
 We may mention as curious products, before leaving this 
 group, sea-cat grease, dried sturgeon sinews, and photonapt- 
 hile , a mineral oil found near Bakou, on the Caspian sea, 
 where it springs up from the earth, and is even found floating 
 on the surface of the water. 
 
 The only chemical product worth noticing is albumine, 
 made by a company at ICasan with white of'eggs, whilst they 
 use the yokes to make soaps and pommades. The cotton 
 trade is in a very backward state, but the striped silks, made 
 in imitation of the Persian, are very beautiful ; they are largely 
 sold at the Petersburg and Moscow Gostinei Dvors. We also 
 like those light Caucasian tissues named Djidjimes, and those 
 shawls made of goat and camel-hair. The latter serves like¬ 
 wise to manufacture cloth, of which we see a specimen sent 
 by the Orenburg Cossacks living at a town with a most 
 unpronounceable name, Novovozdvijenskaia. 
 
 Here are embroideries from Tiflis, but what has become 
 of this charming Tarjok embroidered leather which was so 
 celebrated in our time ? 
 
224 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 coloured basso-relievos, which, although perhaps a little too 
 florid, are exquisitely finished. 
 
 We also observe in the Park a very fine exhibition of 
 ceramic, and in the building, some good imitation of ancient 
 Faenza ware, by Devers, 
 
 Among products which 
 are both artistic and in¬ 
 dustrial, we may mention 
 some very original bronzes 
 by Michieli, of Venice, a 
 magnificent ebony cabinet, 
 in the style of the six¬ 
 teenth century, by Andre 
 Picchi, of Florence, a 
 carved oak side-board, by 
 Bartolozzi, some charming 
 mosaic tables, by Torrini, 
 Montelatini and Polli, of 
 Florence (the latter quoted 
 at the modest price of 
 £400), a pair of elegant 
 serpentine vases, by Viec- 
 chi, of Florence, and a 
 fine carved oak piano, by 
 Marchisio, of Turin. 
 
 If staple industries have 
 Porcelain, Marquis de Ginori. deserted Italy, she has Still 
 
 preserved some minor specialities which are well represented, 
 such as, for instance, Florence (usually called Leghorn) 
 straw bonnets, Naples gloves, Treviso embroideries, Genoa 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 247 
 
 Tunisian saddlery is very remarkable ; velvet, leather, gold 
 and silk are tastefully blended and produce marvellous effects. 
 The silk-lined cashmere carpet with fringes, exhibited by 
 Prince Mohammed, is also exquisitely finished, and the Deridi 
 long wool carpets may compete with those of the Ottoman 
 Empire. 
 
 The cushions, mattresses, coverlets and embroidered cloth 
 sent from Tunis, bear that stamp of exquisite fineness which 
 distinguishes Eastern art. We may say the same of their 
 tables, coffers, whatnots and other pieces of furniture, either 
 painted or inlaid with mother-o’pearl. 
 
 We must also give our mead of praise to the Tunisian 
 essential oils, which are the sweetest and purest in the whole 
 Exhibition. Their jasmin, rose and cassie breathe the very 
 perfume of the flower. 
 
 The scenes af Tunisian life are well rendered, and their 
 figures are capitally grouped ; as to their pavilion in the 
 Machine Gallery, it has simply been converted into a bazaar *, 
 on one side they sell jewels and tobacco, on the other shawls 
 and carpets. 
 
 Morocco occupies a very small space ; the most remarkable 
 objects exhibited are striped carpets, from Rabat, varnished 
 tiles, green and blue bricks, potteries and mosaics from Te- 
 tuan, ropes made of alfa and dwarf palm, walnut and leather 
 cushions, and saddles covered with rich embroideries. To 
 our great astonishment, we find among these no specimen of 
 Morocco leather, although this was the land which gave it 
 birth. 
 
 Persia occupies two small rooms 5 one is entirely lined 
 with shawls, the other contains beautiful works in lacker, 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 258 
 
 New York, and Shaw’s, of Boston. The latter appears to 
 us the most ingenious and economical. 
 
 If we enter the great gallery we observe a steam engine, 
 invented by William C. Hicks, the object of which is to 
 simplify the alternative piston system as much as possible ; 
 this is done by letting the pistons be directly joined to 
 the connecting rod, thus forming the only moveable parts, and 
 together with the cylinders constituting the whole engine. 
 By this means all accessory pieces which are so liable to get 
 out of order are dispensed with. 
 
 Rollin’s pump. 
 
 Among other machines worthy of remark, we may men¬ 
 tion the Corliss Company’s steam engines; an ingenious pump 
 
282 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Sheffield cutlery and plated goods are, to our surprise, re¬ 
 presented by a very limited number of exhibitors, although 
 
 Centre-piece, Mappin, Webb & Co. 
 
 these two articles are such thoroughly English specialities, 
 
286 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Brothers, of Birmingham, Newman & De Morini, of London, 
 and Hartley & Co., of Sunderland. 
 
 Majolica Fountain, Minton 
 
Model of Mulready’s T omb. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 3°9 
 
 have been placed three patent “ Galloway ” boilers, which by 
 the arrangement of the back flue are said to generate more 
 steam than any other, consuming at the same time their own 
 smoke. 
 
 A tall electrical light-house, with a very slim open frame¬ 
 work, and a pavilion, where Bibles and tracts in all languages 
 are distributed to the visitors, complete the list of the most 
 remarkable objects in the Park. 
 
 Returning to the Machine Gallery we And interesting mo¬ 
 dels of the light-houses existing on the British coasts, includ¬ 
 ing the Eddystone, built in 1757, the Smalls, Bishop’s Rock, 
 Gunfleet, Maplin, -Wolf Rocks, South Stark, Needles and 
 Menai, desides a dioptric floating light intended for the banks 
 of the Hoogly. 
 
 The specimens of carriages are not numerous but they are 
 creditable. Laurie and Marner, of London, have a very elegant 
 barouche ; Hutton and Son, of Dublin, a Park sociable and 
 outside car ; Rock andTSon, oT Hastings, an automatic Landau, 
 which can be closed or opened by the person riding inside ; 
 Hooper and Co., of London, an Epsom drag ; McNaught and 
 Smith, of Worcester, a very light barouche ; and Starey, of 
 Nottingham, a comfortable family omnibus. 
 
 Before leaving this Gallery we shall notice Shand & Ma¬ 
 son’s and Merryweather’s fire engines, which are very superior 
 to all other European contrivances for kindred purposes, 
 and can only be rivalled by the Americans ; Barnett’s diving 
 dress, which may be useful, but is certainly not ornamental, 
 and an obelisk representing the quantity of gold drawn from 
 the province of Victoria since the discovery of the gold-fields, 
 This obelisk is standing just opposite a pyramid of iron in 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 3 T 7 
 
 Millais’ three pictures are very excellent specimens of the 
 pre-raphaelite school with its good modelling and careful 
 execution, spoiled by stiffness, high colouring and hard 
 back-grounds. This last fault is particularly observable in 
 “ Sowing Tares ” and “ The Romans leaving Britain, 
 whilst his “ Eve of St. Agnes,” a young lady bathed in 
 green moon-light is quite unnatural in colour. 
 
 Pickersgill’s and Hook’s marine sketches are much in the 
 same style ; the faces are admirably done, but the figures are 
 stifF and the sea appears to be made of pasteboard. 
 
 Harrison Weir’s Morning Hymn is a bold attempt ; a bird, 
 twice the size of life, flying about in a meadow painted with 
 the minuteness of a Van Eyck. 
 
 Lewis’ Egyptian scenes are cleverly painted, but they are 
 almost too correct to look like life. 
 
 Among other remarkable oil-paintings we may mention 
 a fine portrait of Sir C. L. Eastlake, by Knight, Bonjour 
 Messieurs , a pretty village sketch, by Stone, A Sunday School , 
 by Maclnnes, Esther s Banquet , by Armitage, The Crash , 
 by Hardy, two views on the Thames, by Roberts, The 
 Nubian Harpist , by Goodall, Treading out the Corn , by Ansdell, 
 The Arrest for Witchcraft , by Pettie, Sums , by Morgan, Village 
 Gossips , by Webster, and Mrs. Lee Bridell’s Arab Girl , 
 with her dark hair dyed fair by means of henna . 
 
 English water-colour paintings have maintained their great 
 and well merited reputation. Not having sufficient space to 
 describe them, we shall merely name those which appeared 
 to us the best, but adding, like Victor Hugo : 
 
 J’en passe, et des meilleurs ! 
 
 They are: Andrew’s Colosseum , Riviere’s Campagna of Rome , 
 
“ It is illustrated by some very nice engravings, and contains much read- j 
 able matter.” —London Review, 28th March, 1868. 
 
 “ To those who were not fortunate enough to see the “ The World’s Fair ” j 
 it will afford the next best thing to an actual visit, by seizing, as' it does, 
 on all the salient points, and making the reader almost as familiar with the 
 place as the spectator. The book is well printed on good paper, and ele¬ 
 gantly bound.”— I NGiisHWOMAN’s Domestic Magazine, May, 1868. 
 
 “ Mr. Rimmel has issued a very charming book, which really everybody 
 ought to possess. Those who were fortunate enough to visit the Exhibition 
 will here be reminded of all that interested and pleased them, narrated in 
 the most agreeable manner; others, who only heard of its glories, or read of 
 them in the daily papers, will rejoice to have brought under their immediate 
 notice all that was worth seeing and recording. But little seems to have 
 escaped Mr. Rimmel’s notice, and what , he observed he has described 
 concisely but most eloquently. All our readers will do well to obtain the 
 volume, which will charm the young and old.”— Treasury of Literature, 
 May, 1868. 
 
 “ The descriptions of the various articles are written in an easy style which 
 renders what would otherwise be a dull and monotonous subject an exceed¬ 
 ingly interesting one. The author has presented at one glance a most 
 enjoyable and interesting description of the most extraordinary exhibition 
 and collection of art and science of modern times.”— Weekly Times, 29th 
 March, 1868. 
 
 “ The book is profusely illustrated, and from being written in a plain, 
 straightforward manner, is doubly welcome. Mr. liimmel occasionally 
 criticises, but never at undue length ; and his book will be found of great 
 service for purposes of reference to, or rather as a reminder of, the many 
 triumphs of art inspected by last year’s English visitors to Paris.”— Era, 
 4th April, 1868. 
 
 “ It contains a fair criticism of all the works of art and industry displayed 
 at the Exhibition, and is written in a simple, unostentatious style, which 
 renders it a very entertaining souvenir of the ‘ Great World’s Fair.’ ”— 
 Oriental Mail, 2nd April, 1868. 
 
 “ Mr. Rimmel lias certainly accomplished his work well in the handsome 
 volume before us, and we have no doubt that his labours will be fully appre¬ 
 ciated, as they justly deserve to be.”— Tablet, 28th March, 1868. 
 
 “ All that is most valuable in modern science, or most beautiful in modern 
 art, and everything that the Exhibition contained which helped to familiarise 
 one race with the character, condition, and modes of life of other races are 
 carefully noted; and the literary descriptions, which are, clearly and suc¬ 
 cinctly written, are illustrated by engravings which reproduce to the eye the 
 works that are described.”— Hertford Mercury, 28th March, 1868. 
 
 “ It is very readable, and does equal credit to the writer’s fairness, intel¬ 
 ligence and good taste.”— Allen’s Indian Mail, 2nd April, 1868. 
 
 “ We should advise every economical 'paterfamilias who stayed at home 
 to avoid the extortions of the Parisian maUre d'hotel, to read it, as he will 
 very probably glean as much, if not more, information from Mr. Rimmel 
 than if he had “done the Exhibition”; and to those who saw the Palace, 
 the work before us will always prove an interesting souvenir.”— Brighton 
 J Record, 1st April, 1868. 
 
 “ The best permanent record we have seen of the marvels oi the Exhibi¬ 
 tion.”— John Bull, 4th April, 1868. 
 
 “The articles are written in a very conscientious spirit, and with great 
 fairness.”— City Press, April, 1868. 
 
 “ Written in a most agreeable style.”— London Mirror, 18th April, 1868. 
 
 “ It very well deserves the name of a book of beauty.”— Manchester 
 City News, 18th April, 1868. 
 
XIV. 
 
 ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 Perfumer by Special Appointment to 
 THEIR MAJESTIES THE EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH, 
 THE QUEEN OF SPAIN, THE QUEEN OF NETHERLANDS, 
 THE QUEEN OF THE BELGIANS, 
 
 AND THE KING OF PORTUGAL, AND TO 
 H.R.H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES. 
 
 Manufactory and Head Establishment, 
 
 STBAKTD, 3LOHT] 
 
 OPPOSITE EXETER HALL. 
 
 
 BRANCH ESTABLISHMENTS: 
 
 City Retail Branch, 24, Cornhill; West End Branch, 128, Regent Street. 
 Paris Wholesale and Retail Branch, 17, Boulevard des Italiens. 
 Export Manufactory, 2, Rue de l’Est, Neuilly. 
 
 Flower Gardens and Distillery, 16, Route de Turin, Nice. 
 
THE 
 
 PARIS EXHIBITION 
 EUGENE RIMMEL. 
 
8 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 France 
 
 
 . 61,314 Metres. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 
 . 21,653 
 
 yy 
 
 Prussia 
 
 
 . 7,880 
 
 „ 
 
 Austria 
 
 
 . 7,880 
 
 yy 
 
 Southern Germany 
 
 
 • 7,879 
 
 yy 
 
 Belgium 
 
 
 . 6,881 
 
 
 Italy 
 
 
 • 3,249 
 
 yy 
 
 United States 
 
 
 . 2,867 
 
 
 Russia 
 
 
 • 2,853 
 
 yy 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 
 . 2,691 
 
 „ 
 
 Holland 
 
 
 • i ,897 
 
 „ 
 
 Sweden and Norway 
 Brazil 
 
 
 . 1,823 
 
 yy 
 
 American Republics . 
 
 
 OO 
 
 O 
 
 00 
 
 ” 
 
 Spain 
 
 
 . 1,644 
 
 yy 
 
 Turkey 
 
 
 • 1,426 
 
 yy 
 
 Morocco, Tunis 
 
 
 . 1,030 
 
 yy 
 
 China, Japan, Siam •. 
 
 
 792 
 
 „ 
 
 Greece 
 
 
 713 
 
 yy 
 
 Denmark 
 
 
 75i 
 
 „ 
 
 Persia 
 
 
 7*3 
 
 „ 
 
 Rome 
 
 
 554 
 
 „ 
 
 Danubian Principalities 
 
 
 • 554 
 
 yy 
 
 Egypt 
 
 
 39 6 
 
 yy 
 
 The building is 490 metres long and 38 broad ; its circum¬ 
 ference is 1,500 metres, or about a mile. 
 
 The external appearance of the structure is far from attrac¬ 
 tive ; much as the Exhibition of 1862 was open to criticism, 
 its two noble domes atoned for the heaviness of the edifice, 
 whilst in this instance the monotony of the grey dull building 
 is but poorly relieved by the meagre flagstaff's which form its 
 only ornament. 
 
 The interior of the Palace is not more striking than the 
 exterior; its continual curves so fatiguing to the eye, do not 
 offer at any point those long vistas which usually form the 
 beauty of this species of building j the only spot which really 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 9 
 
 presents a pretty aspect, is the central garden, whence the 
 different courts radiate. 
 
 It may not be unnecessary to explain for what reason this 
 elliptical form, so unsuccessful in its results, was adopted. 
 
 International Exhibitions have had, since their origin, one 
 great difficulty to contend with, namely, that of classification. 
 
 Ought the goods to be classed according to their nature, or 
 should they be grouped according to their place of production ? 
 The first plan facilitates the comparison of the similar 
 products of different countries, the second allows a more 
 complete survey of the particular wares of each nation. 
 
 The latter has hitherto been the plan adopted, as the former 
 has the great disadvantage of increasing considerably the labours 
 of the foreign Commissioners, by scattering their exhibitors in 
 all directions. 
 
 They attempted this time to combine the two modes of 
 classification, by dividing the countries into sections, and the 
 industries into zones, so that by remaining in one of the fractions 
 of the ellipse, one could examine all the products of a nation, 
 or by walking round it, go through any particular kind of 
 manufacture ; this arrangement would have been excellent, if 
 the idea could have been carried out, but the clever engineer 
 who planned it, forgot that each nation could not supply the 
 same proportion of exhibitors in each zone. Let us place 
 for instance, Great Britain by the side of Portugal; in the 
 former, the zone for manufactured goods will be filled to 
 excess, while that of the other remains empty, and on the 
 other hand, in the section of wines and alimentary substances, 
 Portugal will be crowded with exhibitors, who in the British 
 section, will be few and far between. 
 
2 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 took place on the 1st of July at the Palais de l’lndustrie, the 
 site of the Exhibition of 1855, in the Champs Elysees. 
 
 At one end of the Nave was erected an orchestra, at the 
 other a flight of steps, descending from the entrance of the 
 commissioners, jurors and exhibitors who were to join the 
 cortege . A magnificent throne Occupied the centre of one of 
 the sides. 
 
 In the middle of the Nave stood ten trophies representing 
 the ten different groups. The first one, that of the Fine 
 Arts, was surmounted with a statue of Napoleon I.: the 
 second, that of Liberal Arts, was composed of books and 
 musical instruments, above which was placed a terrestrial 
 globe. The trophy of Furniture, which came third, con¬ 
 tained some very tasteful objects with a beautiful Algerian 
 onyx statue in the centre. The group of Clothing was sup¬ 
 ported at the four corners by figures representing the costumes 
 of various French provinces. The other groups contained 
 nothing remarkable. 
 
 The walls of the Nave were decorated with the flags 
 of the various nations contributing to the Exhibition. 
 The glass roof was hung with a white velarium , studded 
 with golden stars, whence depended streamers of various 
 colours. 
 
 In fact, the hall was fitted up with great taste, and when 
 it became filled with brilliant court dignitaries, elegantly 
 dressed ladies, and distinguished personages of all nations, it 
 recalled the splendours of the opening of the London Exhi¬ 
 bition in 1851. 
 
 At half-past one, the exhibitors entitled to the highest 
 rewards, and the commissioners, descend the great staircase, 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 21 
 
 To crown all, the Jurors were originally misinformed as 
 to the time when they would be wanted then they were 
 hastily summoned by telegrams, but in many cases they 
 could not alter previously made arrangements, and they arrived 
 in Paris when the examinations had taken place, which, 
 circumstance, if the Jury regulations were strictly carried 
 out, debarred them from having a voice in the awards. 
 
 .The natural result of this mismailagement was the paucity 
 of rewards obtained by British exhibitors, which gave rise, as 
 everyone knows, to loud complaints, and angry correspon¬ 
 dence at the time. 
 
 Making every allowance for exaggerated expectations, and 
 consequent disappointments, it cannot be denied, that the 
 Jury awards were as a whole, open to great censure. To 
 conceal their general want of knowledge of the articles they 
 had to judge, Jurors were too apt to grant the principal 
 rewards to old established and well-known houses, feeling 
 that their verdicts had thus every chance of being sanctioned 
 by the public, and to totally ignore more obscure, but more 
 deserving exhibitors, whose merits they were not able to 
 discern. In acting so, they totally failed in accomplishing, 
 what ought to be the ends of an Exhibition, namely, to 
 make known and recompense the efforts and improvements of 
 rising men. 
 
 We may add, that certain classes were much more favoured 
 than others, in the allotment of the chief prizes. Thus, 
 wines received ninety-one gold medals, although soil and climate 
 have a great- deal more to do with its excellence than the 
 talent of the growers, and the cleverest man in the world would 
 have some difficulty in raising a choice vintage on Hampstead 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 45 
 
 The Machinery Gallery occupies the outer zone, and com¬ 
 prises twenty classes (47 to 66), consisting of all kinds of 
 mechanical appliances, carriages, railway stock and marine 
 implements. In the middle, are machines in motion, on the 
 sides, various plans and products belonging to the same cate¬ 
 gory. A platform of about twenty-five feet high, raised along 
 the centre of the whole length, allows the visitors to take a 
 bird’s eye view of the contents. 
 
 At the entrance in the Grand Vestibule opposing Great 
 Britain are erected two huge trophies of the metals most useful 
 to man, brass and iron. The former is a perpendicular 
 cluster of pipes, somewhat resembling the organ of a cathedral 
 or the basaltic rocks of the “ Montes dos Orgaes ” which rise 
 behind Rio de Janeiro. The latter has a somewhat mournful 
 aspect, not unlike the gates of a prison, but as Virgil says 
 
 O formose puer nimium ne crede colori! 
 
 do not trust too much to colour, for these dingy looking rails 
 are the connecting links between the people,- the humble 
 tools of harmony and civilization. 
 
 The first object of interest we meet after passing this portico 
 is an ingenious felting machine, invented by Mr. Vouillon of 
 Louviers, to whom is due in a great measure the credit of the 
 many useful applications of this waste material. 
 
 Stehelin & Co. of Bischwiller, exhibit a large frame of 
 cotton cards, acting by George Risler’s system, and an auto¬ 
 maton winding machine. 
 
 Troyes is the Leicester of France, and Berthelot & Co.’s 
 improved looms show that French hosiery has made great 
 progress during the last few years. 
 
 M«. Cauchefert of Longchamps has a weaving loom for 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 61 
 
 his idea by serving you at the same time with a stew , he would 
 have beaten the Yorkshireman hollow. 
 
 This is the way in which he proceeds : He weighs four 
 ounces of rabbit’s hair and places them in a pneumatic appa¬ 
 ratus which blows them with great force through a slit over 
 a revolving cone drilled with small holes. By means of an 
 internal aspiration, this hair adheres to the surface of the cone 
 and when the layer is sufficiently thick, it is covered over with 
 a wet cloth, compressed with a brass mould, taken off and 
 dipped into hot water to make it adhere together. After that 
 it is dried on hot plates, pressed and moulded into shape, 
 braided and lined. 
 
 Here we must take leave of this interesting gallery which 
 would require a whole volume to describe it properly, but as 
 we have said before, our limited space wiH only allow us to 
 notice what we consider the most salient points. 
 
6l 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 RAW MATERIALS. 
 
 The section of Raw Materials possesses but little attraction 
 for the general public, yet it contains immense and varied 
 sources of wealth. 
 
 In the first room, we find some interesting specimens of 
 the various woods produced by France, exhibited by a 
 Government Institute called Ecole Forestiere , and a plan of 
 one of the Vosges forests, showing a schlette or rail-track, by 
 means of which one man can bring a heavily loaded truck 
 down a steep hill. 
 
 The next room contains a large collection of seeds from 
 Vilmorin-Andrieux ; tobacco of all sorts from the Imperial 
 Manufactory, and samples of honey, wax, resins, wools, oils, 
 and hops from different departments. 
 
 Flanders and Picardy had at one time the monopoly of 
 flax and hemp, but Normandy and Britanny are, now com¬ 
 peting with them, and the specimens shown by Rouxel of 
 St. Brieuc, Leconte of Morlaix, Larible of St. Aubin, and 
 Moutardier of Thilleul, seem quite equal to those of their 
 rivals. 
 
 Silk-worm cocoons are sent from divers parts, but the most 
 remarkable exhibition of that kind is supplied by M. Guerin- 
 
72 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 unity ; it was sold to the Queen of Portugal. The same 
 manufacturer exhibits a tortoiseshell fan inlaid with pearl, 
 
 the painting is extremely beautiful and the whole in perfect 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 8 
 
 very deservedly too, one of the grand prizes for his superb 
 pieces of decorative furniture. We regret our space will not 
 allow us to illustrate his splendid ebony cabinet, which is his 
 master-piece; but the arm-chair represented here will serve 
 to show what taste and elegance he imparts to all his works. 
 
 His neighbour, Mr. Hunsiger, has also a very fine credence 
 inlaid with ivory, in the style of Louis XIII., which attracts 
 general attention ; and a little further we find a magnificent 
 cabinet, executed for the Empress of the French by Mr. 
 Grohe, from the designs of Mr. Joseph Cheret, a young 
 sculptor full of promise. 
 
 We may also mention as worthy of great commendation the 
 furniture exhibited by Messrs. Diehl, Racault, Allard & Cho¬ 
 pin, Lemoine, Roudillon, Gueret, Loremy & Grisey, Brun, 
 Mercier, Beurdeley, Gallois, Pecquereau and Geruzet ; the 
 latter has some charming pieces decorated with Pyrenean 
 marbles happily blended with oak carving. 
 
 Algerian onyx, a stone which was much prized by the 
 Romans, and which has lately been re-discovered after laying 
 hidden for many centuries, is now brought into a variety of 
 uses by Messrs. Viot & Co., who show vases, clocks, cups, 
 &c., all mounted with great perfection. Their finest work 
 however, is a pair of gigantic figures holding candelabra, 
 from the models of Carrier-Beleuse ; the peplum of onyx pro¬ 
 duces a pleasing contrast with the flesh made of oxydised 
 silver, and with the gilt bronze ornaments. 
 
 The sculptured marbles of Mr. Cordier also abound in 
 these striking contrasts ; his Fellah woman, his Indian, his 
 Negro all bear the same stamp of original merit. A basso- 
 relievo of tinted marble representing the Nine Muses, with 
 
 F 
 
Benitier, Tahan.. 
 
 Before leaving this department, we shall venture to make a 
 remark : How is it that these artists in furniture are satisfied 
 with imitating the styles of the past, the Egyptian, the Pom¬ 
 peian, the Renaissance, and the four Louis. Will they not 
 
 THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 a composition with which he manufactures some charming 
 coffers, trays, &c. 
 
 F 2 
 
THE PARTS EXHIBITION. 
 
 I 21) 
 
 Fontenoy Vase, Sevres. 
 
 1 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 *3* 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 ALGERIA. 
 
 Resuming our rambles in the so-called Machinery Gallery, 
 we meet with a number of trophies surmounted by palm trees 
 waving aloft their graceful branches. We are in Algeria. 
 
 To the marvels of mechanism succeed the simple products 
 of a primitive people. This is exactly what we had foreseen 
 when we spoke of the impractibility of zones. 
 
 The Algerian Exhibition however is extremely interesting, 
 thanks to the pains taken by Mr. Teston, the eminent director 
 of the Algerian Museum, in classifying it. It consists of two 
 distinct parts, the produce of the soil, which is of great pro¬ 
 spective importance, and native manufactures whose sole merit 
 is their originality. 
 
 Algeria is rich in minerals, but although many concessions 
 have been made, a few only are in a working state, for want 
 of funds or a sufficient result. 
 
 Among the mines in full operation we may quote that of 
 Mokta-el-Hadid, near Bone, which exhibits a block of magne¬ 
 tic iron weighing seven tons, and whose annual yield is about 
 two hundred thousand tons ; that of Gar-Rouban, Province 
 of Oran, which annually produces one thousand eight hundred 
 tons of argentiferous lead, and that of Oued-Merdja which 
 gives excellent copper. 
 
 I 2 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 T 43 
 
 the chief exports of the island, but Chinese traders have 
 divested almost all the coasts of this precious wood, which 
 is only now found in the interior. There are, however, 
 some valuable trees still very abundant, such as the Niaouli 
 (Melaleuca viruiiflora), which yields a very powerful essential 
 oil, and the Kaori (Dammara ovata), the resin of which forms 
 an excellent varnish. 
 
 Otaheite has been favoured by Providence with a wonder¬ 
 fully fertile soil and an admirable climate; it produces without 
 cultivation, sugar, cotton, indigo, tobacco, and various 
 oleaginous nuts, such as the cocoa, bancoul and tamanu; 
 the inhabitants, however, are neither industrious nor am¬ 
 bitious, and care not to turn into account all those natural 
 advantages. Their principal resource is the Oyster pearl for 
 which they dive on the coasts, selling the shells and feeding 
 on the fish. This place is very suitable to the cultivation of 
 aromatics ; vanilla has lately been introduced with success 
 and essential oil is distilled from oranges, which are plentiful 
 there. 
 
 Queen Pomare exhibits some arms which belonged to 
 King Pomare I. Mr. Deplanche sends some native orna¬ 
 ments, consisting .in mother of pearl and cowries necklaces, 
 •and in ear-rings made of carved hog’s teeth. 
 
 Last on the list of French Colonies, we find the Marquesas 
 islands, but we vainly look for any articles supplied thence for 
 exhibition ; yet the French have been unremitting in their 
 attempts to colonize this quarter of the globe, but what can 
 be expected from the inhabitants, as long as they carry their 
 fondness for Europeans to the extent of eating them when 
 they have a chance. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 1 69 
 
 bye, that Indian railways are driven to buy their plant in 
 Germany instead of having it made in the home country ? 
 
 The Royal Prussian Post-Office van which carries the 
 mails to the Russian frontier, is well constructed to take up 
 and sort the letters on the road with regularity and saving of 
 time. We also note the comfortable arrangements of the 
 Carlsruhe Company’s carriage, where a man can eat, drink, 
 smoke, sleep, and dress whilst devouring space. It is a 
 perfect home upon wheels. 
 
 As to ordinary carriages, we must award the palm to 
 Hemming, of Berlin, whose vehicles perform the most mar¬ 
 vellous changes. Here is a cab which, by touching a spring, 
 becomes a phaeton, or by another contrivance, is turned into 
 a break. This Victoria assumes suddenly the shape of a 
 brougham, and this barouche is metamorphosed into a covered 
 carriage by simply pulling a string. We also like this system 
 of the fore-carriage turning round with the shafts, so that the 
 coachman always faces his horses. 
 
 The North German costumes are very quaint, as may be 
 judged from the accompanying illustration. Let us also 
 notice, before we leave this gallery, the lithographic stones of 
 Solenhofen which are shipped to all parts of the globe, and 
 Haas’ wax-headed pins which are manufactured with won¬ 
 derful rapidity before the eyes of the public. 
 
 The agricultural trophies of Prussia show what a variety 
 of cereals this fertile land produces j a little further we see 
 a group of four cubes superposed, representing the volumes 
 in gold, or in other words, the relative value of the proceeds 
 of Prussian mines. In 1835, the yearly average amounted 
 to one million sterling 5 it now reaches seven millionsi 
 
204 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 beautiful specimens exhibited from the foundries at Fagersta, 
 Soedersfors, Dannemora, Kloster, and Siljansfors. 
 
 Nature seems to have accumulated her metallic treasures in 
 this extremity of the globe, as besides iron and steel we also 
 find in Sweden copper, lead, silver, nickel, and graphite. 
 
 The marble shown is also very fine and of various descrip¬ 
 tions ; we notice particularly that of Gotland with its ca¬ 
 pricious and multicoloured veining, and that of Jonkoping, 
 which is green, black, grey, mottled, &c. 
 
 Norway and Denmark boast of no machines, but they 
 excel in the contrivances peculiar to a primitive and amphi¬ 
 bious people-, slimly built models of ships to skim the seas, 
 and fishing tackle of all kinds to reap in this ever fertile field 
 to which they lay claim. 
 
 Norway shares to a certain degree the metallurgical riches 
 of her elder sister, Sweden ; she shows a splendid collec¬ 
 tion of minerals, among which the products of the royal 
 mine of silver at Kronsberg shine right royally. 
 
 Another source of revenue for the Norwegians is the 
 luxurious manner in which nature has clothed the animals 
 of that country, to enable them to support the severity 
 of an almost everlasting winter. The blue, white, black 
 and red Fox, the Lynx, Otter, Sable and Woolverene, 
 are covered with a thick and soft coat, of which they are 
 divested to furnish clothing for the human race who is not 
 so well provided for. Brandt, of Bergen, and Hotter & Bor- 
 ger, of Christiania, send some beautiful furs derived from 
 the various species we have named. 
 
 Needle-guns seem to be in favour in Sweden; we find two 
 there, one made by Hagstroene’s system, the other by 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 39 
 
 Egyptian Barber. 
 
288 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 parison, but it bears the stamp of artistic taste, which charac¬ 
 terizes the productions of that celebrated house. Their great 
 forte is, as usual, majolica , and some of their pieces in that 
 ware are ornamented with Parian statuettes, which produce a 
 pleasing contrast. Their encaustic tiles are also very remark- 
 
 Porcelain Tazza, Copeland & Co. Worcester China. 
 
 able, the only ones that can compete with them for good 
 design and arrangement of colour being those of Maw & Co., 
 of Broseley. 
 
 Copeland & Co. show some well executed Parian statuettes, 
 among which we notice the models of Bacchus and Juno, by 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 2 94 
 
 is coincident, and covers exactly the same part of the screen. 
 Attached to the front of the stand is a brass bar, supporting, 
 on rods, two metal fans •, these are moved backwards and 
 forwards by rack-work, and are 50 arranged in front of the 
 focusing tubes of the lanterns as to entirely shut off the light 
 from one when the other is fully open. If, now, a picture 
 be placed in each lantern, it is obvious that only that one will 
 be projected on the screen which is in the lantern, not having 
 the fan in front of its focusing tube. When it is desired to 
 
 Kamptulicon Floor-cloth. 
 
 change the subject, by turning the handle which moves the 
 rack-work the reverse way, a gradual mingling of the two 
 pictures takes place (owing to the forked pattern of the fan 
 intercepting a portion of each) until the first entirely disappears, 
 and the new picture only is seen, the position of the fans 
 having become reversed. The picture first shown is now 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 95 
 
 hid by the fan being in front of the focusing tube of the 
 lantern in which it is placed ; and whilst the second picture 
 is being viewed the first is withdrawn and replaced by another, 
 and then the fans are worked into their oiiginal position, thus 
 exposing the third, and hiding the second picture, and so on 
 to the end of the exhibition. One of the fans has a hinge to 
 enable it to be folded back, and thus allow both lanterns to 
 be shown at the same time, as is necessary when lightning, 
 rainbow, snow-storm, or other effects are introduced. , 
 
 Treloar’s Cocoa-nut matting. 
 
 Soaps and essential oils have been classed partly with 
 chemical products, partly with perfumery. Among the 
 former we remark in Class 44, some very good soaps from 
 Cook & Co., John Knight, and D. and W. Gibbs ; among 
 the latter we notice some well distilled essential oils sent by 
 W. J. Bush, Condy Brothers, and C. F. Langdale. 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, 
 
 339 
 
 Carved Pannel, Stevesandt - - - -174 
 
 Chandelier, Hollenbach - - - - 181 
 
 Bronze Clock, Dziedzinski & Hanusch - - - i8z 
 
 Marqueterie Coder, Klein - - - - 183 
 
 Crystal Cup mounted in bronze, Lobmeyer - - -184 
 
 Hungarian Costume - - - - 186 
 
 Moldavian Costume - - - - -187 
 
 Carved Furniture, Wirth Brothers - - - 189 
 
 Madrid Manola - - - - -196 
 
 Murcian Farmer - - - - - 197 
 
 Norwegian House - - - - - 203 
 
 Jewels, Christesen - - - - 205 
 
 Porcelain, Godenius - - 206 
 
 Swedish Costumes ----- 208 
 
 Kirghiz Tartars’Tent - - - - - 212 
 
 Yacoutes’ Bark Hut - - - - 213 
 
 Tankard, Sasikoff - - - - -215 
 
 Russian Costumes - - - - - 217 
 
 Dr. Salviati’s Venetian Glass - 223 
 
 Porcelain, Marquis de Ginori - - - - 224 
 
 Habitant of Campidano - - - - 226 
 
 Roman Peasant - - - - - 227 
 
 Roumanian Pavilion - - - - -236 
 
 Egyptian Barber - - - - - 239 
 
 Tunisian Perfume burners and goulabdans - - - 243 
 
 Fellah woman - - - - 246 
 
 Persian vases, from Commandant Duhousset’s sketch - - 248 
 
 Japanese warriors - - - - - 251 
 
 Comstock’s rotatory plough - 254 
 
 Herring’s Haymaking machine - - - 255 
 
 The American yacht, “Red, White and Blue ” - - 256 
 
 American Farm house - - - - 257 
 
 Rollin’s Pump - - - - - 258 
 
 Silas Herring’s Safe - - - 259 
 
 Elias Howe’s A Sewing Machine - - - - 260 
 
 Cast-iron chandelier. Tucker - - - 264 
 
 Mexican Temple of Xochicalco - - - - 271 
 
 Pendant, Harry Emmanuel - - - - 274 
 
 Brooch, Phillips Brothers - - - - 275 
 
 Egyptian Brooch, Brogden - - - - 275 
 
 Pendant, Watherston - - - - -276 
 
 Brooch* Randel - - - - - 276 
 
 Watches, Benson - 277 
 
“ The writer touches on all salient points of the Exhibition. Within 
 narrow limits he has contrived to give details of all that is most interesting 
 and remarkable. Mr. Rimmel has brought together a vast array of facts 
 relating to every department. His book has a value from the fact, that it 
 is the only work that supplies, in a convenient form for perusal and reference, 
 any complete account of the contents of the Exhibition. Its interest is 
 increased owing to the numerous excellent illustrations that it contains.”— 
 Imperial Review, March 28 , 1868 . 
 
 “ Mr. Rimmel is evidently a very close observer, and although the space 
 to which his remarks are confined, is marvellously circumscribed for so 
 gigantic a subject, it is truly astonishing how much interesting and valuable 
 matter has been ingeniously condensed within it.” — Queen, 28 th March, 1868 . 
 
 “ Spendidly got up, and full of excellent illustrations.”— Court Journal, 
 14 th March, 1868 . 
 
 “ Mr. Rimmel supplies us with a very complete and at the same time 
 lively and entertaining description of the great “ World’s Fair,” all the more 
 so because it is sensible, practical, succinet, omitting nothing of interest, 
 but avoiding the too preval mt faults of fine writing on the one hand, and 
 the dry, tedious details of official reports on the other. The author has 
 evidently well studied his work, for whilst the volume, with its excellent 
 illustrations, will be an ornament to the drawing-room table, his shrewd and 
 instructive criticisms, which show much experience and patient observation, 
 well entitle it to a place in the library as one of the most complete descrip¬ 
 tions of this most remarkable collection of the art, science, and industry of 
 the world.”— Australian and New Zealand Gazette, 11 th April, 1868 . 
 
 .. “ Altogether the book is one that has afforded us much pleasure in its 
 perusal, and we can commend it to the notice of all classes of readers.”— 
 Lady’s Own Paper, 28 th March, 1868 . 
 
 “ The work is veiy nicely printed, and is profusely illustrated with en¬ 
 gravings.”— Lloyd’s Newspaper, 21 st March, 1868 . 
 
 “ This is a very attractive little book, which is not only so tasteful in 
 appearance that it deserves a place on every drawing-room table, but its 
 matter is so interesting and its style so very lively, that it also merits stand¬ 
 ing room in every library.”— Jewish Chronicle, 27 th March, 1868 . 
 
 “ Mr. Rimmel’s comments on the great Exposition are given with great 
 impartiality and fairness, and although generally leaning to a very favour¬ 
 able view of its arrangement, and applauding much the new feature of the 
 “ Parks ” with its illustrations of the habitations of Foreign countries and 
 their denizens, and the gallery of the History of Labour, he is by no means 
 blind to the many defects which, perhaps, were almost inseparable from so 
 gigantic an enterprise.”— Examiner, 4 th April, 1868 . 
 
 “ Mr. Rimmel’s volume is doubly welcome; for it is really nicely 
 got up, it is furnished with a brief index, illustrated by a large number of 
 useful woodcuts, and is concisely written. It is not a trade advertisement; 
 Mr. Rimmel, indeed, scarcely does justice to his own contributions to the 
 Exhibition—dismissing them with the barest mention.”— Leader, 28 th 
 March, 1868 . 
 
 “ Judy sees with pleasure that Mr. Eugene Rimmel has published a very 
 attractive little volume about the Paris Exhibition, in the pages of which 
 he has displayed his usual good scents.— Judy, 5 Jtti March, 1868 . 
 
 “ Those who wish for a pleasant sketchy account of the Paris Exhibition 
 should get Mr. Rimmel’s book, which is embellished by numerous woodcuts, 
 illustrative of the different national costumes and objects of art exhibited at 
 Paris.”— Victoria Magazine, April 1868 . 
 
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 Messrs. Cremer wish to mention, that the greatest care is used in selecting 
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 Messrs. Cremer were the only Exhibitors of Croquet in the Exhibitions of 
 London, 1862 , and Paris, 1867 . 
 
 ROUGE ET NOIR AND ROULETTE TABLES. 
 
^ 3-6 I5IH6-) 
 — 
 
 ■ 'i 
 
 _ 
 
RECOLLECTIONS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 GENERAL OUTLINE. 
 
 The origin of these periodical collections of the works of 
 human genius, which are termed exhibitions, is to be traced 
 to the annual displays of new inventions, which were first 
 devised by the Society of Arts and Manufactures, in 1751, and 
 continued for a whole century, till the year i860. 
 
 To this Society we are also indebted for the original idea of 
 an International Exhibition, which was so ably and so success¬ 
 fully carried out in 1851, under the enlightened patronage of 
 the lamented Prince Consort. 
 
 We must observe, however, that the annual Exhibitions of 
 the Society of Arts were always of a semi-private character, 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. J 
 
 The Champ-de-Mars, as is known to many of our readers, 
 is a large square, which extends from the “ Ecole Militaire ” 
 to the borders of the Seine, facing the “ Pont d’lena.” 
 
 The Exhibition building is of an elliptical form, and occupies 
 about half this space ; it is divided into zones and sections. 
 Nine-tenths of the part looking eastward are occupied by 
 France and her Colonies, and crossed by passages designated 
 as Rue d’Alsace, Rue de Normandie, Rue de Flandre, Rue 
 de France, Ruede Lorraine, Rue de Provence, and Rue des 
 Pays-bas. On the other side of the latter are Holland and 
 Belgium, which are bounded by the Rue de Belgique, one of 
 the largest arteries abutting on the “ Allee d’Europe,” which 
 leads^ to the “ Ecole Militaire.” 
 
 The west side of the Exhibition contains the other 
 foreign nations, classed in the following order : Prussia, the 
 German States, Austria, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Greece, 
 Denmark, Sweden and Norway, Russia, Italy, the Roman 
 States, the Danubian principalities, Turkey, Egypt, Tunis, 
 China, Siam, Japan, Persia, the United States of America, the 
 Central and Southern American Republics, and last, not least , 
 Great Britain and Ireland, and her Colonies, which are 
 separated from France by the “ Grand Vestibule,” adjoining 
 the “ Grande Avenue,” leading to the Pont d’lena. The 
 second part is traversed by the following passages : the Rue 
 de Prusse, Rue d’Autriche, Rue de Suisse, Rue de Russie, 
 Rue d’Afrique, Rue des IndeS, and Rue d’Angleterre. 
 
 The Exhibition palace covers a surface of 139,268 square 
 metres, (or 153,194 square yards), divided in the following 
 manner. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 17 
 
 have been happy to associate, notwithstanding his youthful 
 age, to this great undertaking, of which he will cherish the 
 rememberance. 
 
 “ The Exhibition of 1867 will, I hope, inaugurate a new 
 era of harmony and progress. Assured that Providence 
 blesses the efforts of all those who, like ourselves, wish to do 
 good, I believe in the final triumph of the great principles of 
 moral and justice, which, by satisfying all legitimate aspira¬ 
 tions, can alone consolidate thrones, elevate the people, atid 
 ennoble humanity.” 
 
 After a thunder of well deserved applause, the exhibitors 
 favoured with special rewards advance in turns towards the 
 throne to receive them ; the Prince Imperial presents, with 
 infantine grace, to his father the prizes awarded him for his 
 labourers’ dwellings. 
 
 The imperial cortege then descends from the throne and 
 marches round the Nave. The Empress resplendent with 
 grace and beauty, and attired in a magnificent robe of white 
 and silver, heads the procession, walking between the Emperor 
 and the Sultan. 
 
 Prince Napoleon follows, leading the Prince Imperial by 
 the hand. The Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge 
 and the Foreign Princes and Princesses come immediately after. 
 The brother of the Tycoon of Japan, a youth about twelve 
 years of age, attracts general attention by his dark com¬ 
 plexion, and the assortment of huge sabres under which he 
 is almost buried. 
 
 After promenading round the Nave the imperial cortege 
 retires, and the public soon follows their example, gladly 
 escaping from the stifling atmosphere. 
 
 c 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 31 
 
 which could have accommodated 1,500 spectators, and 
 seldom saw more than 50 together within its walls, resorted 
 to a sensational entertainment given by a tribe of Arabs. 
 These wild children of the desert certainly performed some 
 wonderful antics ; they danced the most exhausting steps, 
 chewed burning charcoal, licked red-hot shovels, and swal¬ 
 lowed with apparent gusto a variety of indigestible ingredients 
 such as cactus leaves, scorpions, lizards, and even yatagans, 
 but all those exciting scenes were insufficient to draw an 
 unappreciating public, and the spec came to an untimely end. 
 
 Returning to the “ Grande Allee,” we find on the left the 
 Emperor’s pavilion which is intended as a resting place for 
 the Imperial family when they visit the Exhibition. It is an 
 elegant building of moorish architecture, and contains some 
 remarkable specimens of parisian decorative art, but as -the 
 profanum valgus is not admitted into the sacred precincts, we 
 must remain satisfied with a peep through the windows. 
 
 Diving into the lateral parts of the Park we meet with a 
 small house of sober appearance, occupied by the Society for 
 the Protection of Animals, who exhibit sundry inventions 
 specially devoted to the benefit of the brute creation. From 
 the sentences inscribed in large letters on the wall, it would 
 seem that this Society places man somewhat below the level 
 of other animals. They may not be so far wrong, after all. 
 
 Still we cannot blame their neighbour, the Creche Ste- 
 Marie , for taking care of the poor infant specimens of this 
 wretched humanity, and attending to their comforts with as 
 much tender sollicitude as if they actually belonged to the 
 upper class of animals. 
 
 A gay peal of bells, moved by machinery, strikes our ear 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 53 
 
 ascend a continuous incline of one inch per yard, whilst des¬ 
 cribing marked curves ; and another of the Eastern Railway, 
 with a tender-motor increasing the power in ascents, and 
 neutralizing it in descents. 
 
 The comforts of travellers have also had their due share of 
 attention, and if all the improvements exhibited are realized, a 
 man may soon expect to find himself quite at home in a rail¬ 
 way carriage, andenjoy his drawing-room and bed-room, as if 
 he were in his own house. Neither have the poorer classes 
 been disregarded, for the upper stories which the French are 
 so fond of placing over their carriages, are now closed in with 
 windows, instead of being open as heretofore to all the 
 winds of heaven. This would delight Alphonse-Karr, who 
 justly complains in one of his books, that the people who 
 are the least warmly clad are always the most exposed to 
 cold. 
 
 There is a plentiful show of steam-engines of every system 
 and shape; but without attempting to describe them all, we shall 
 merely cite Berendorff’s tubular boiler containing moveable 
 tubes, which can be taken to pieces and cleaned with the 
 greatest ease, and Breval’s portable vertical steam-engine, the 
 whole machinery of which rests on the boiler, rendering it 
 simple and inexpensive. 
 
 Ouetel Tremois has some ingenious machines for sawing, 
 planing and cutting wood, which work with a regularity not 
 to be expected from hand labour, and which offer a great 
 saving of time. 
 
 Noel’s soap-mill is also worthy of attention ; it chops up 
 the soap, and grinds it into a fine paste, to receive the necessary 
 colour and perfume. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 63 
 
 Meneville who has made some interesting and successful 
 experiments at the Imperial Domain of Vincennes for accli¬ 
 matizing new breeds, principally from China and Japan. 
 Those with which he succeeded best are the ailante ,-, (Bombyx 
 cynthia) the oak silk-worm, (B. yama-mai) the castor-oil worm, 
 (B. arrIndia), and the plum-tree silk-worm (B. secrocopia), 
 which all thrive well in the North, where the mulberry tree, 
 on which feeds the usual sort, does not grow. M. Guerin- 
 Meneville is now trying to introduce another species, the 
 Bombyx Atlas of the Himalaya mountains, which produces 
 splendid cocoons and engenders a butterfly measuring no less 
 than eight inches across the wings. 
 
 Some cotton gathered on the shores of the Mediterranean, 
 in the moving sands of Pirols, does great credit to the inge¬ 
 nuity and perseverance of the grower, Mr. Regis, being, we 
 believe, the first ever produced in France. We also notice 
 some new textile materials, one extracted from the mulberry 
 tree by Cabanis, another from clover root by Caminade. 
 
 We should like to know, however, under what pretence they 
 have classed among raw materials, an assortment of curtains 
 and other fabrics made of so-called Japanese felt , but in reality 
 of stamped gummed paper, which might go to the wash, but 
 would certainly never return. 
 
 The curriers and leather-manufacturers occupy the next 
 room, and we remark that they have nearly all received gold 
 medals, or decorations ; the well-known axiom, “ there is 
 nothing like leather,” seems evidently to have guided the Jurors 
 in their awards. 
 
 We now come to the most, or we might say the only 
 brilliant part of this somewhat dull gallery, the chemical pro- 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 64 
 
 ducts which vie with each other'in bright colours and dazzling 
 crystals. 
 
 We shall first mention the important manufactory of Camus 
 and Sons, which under the clever management of Mr. H. 
 Letroublon produces irreproachable wares. Theii exhibition 
 forms a perfect landscape with mountains of acetate of lead, 
 trees of arsenite of copper and streams of wood naptha. 
 
 The numerous colours obtained by the decomposition of 
 coal-tar form an interesting feature.—The Lyonnese Com¬ 
 pany “ Fuchsine” principally show red and pink shades, 
 Poirier et Chappaz, violet, Usebe aniline green, &c. 
 
 Sea-weed which was allowed to accumulate on the shore 
 for so many centuries has now found some useful applications. 
 —Numerous factories established on the coasts of Britanny 
 gather it and have it dried and chopped up to replace hay in 
 packing, or extract from it iodides, bromides and chlorides, 
 leaving a residue which forms excellent manure. 
 
 Mineral oils are also a new branch of trade, and the “ Mar¬ 
 seilles Petroleum Company” prove by their specimens that our 
 transatlantic cousins have not been the only ones successful in 
 ‘ ‘ striking oil.” 
 
 Mr. Coupier, an industrious chemist, shows some new 
 combinations of aniline which he calls toluene and xylene , and 
 some paper pulp extracted from various sources, such as reeds, 
 oats, barley, jute, See. 
 
 The Dieuze Manufactory recovers sulphur from the resi¬ 
 dues of soda ; Ramondin & Venot make very good manure 
 out of the resinous products of the Gironde; Deiss extracts 
 soaps out of suds by means of sulphuret of carbon ; 
 Souffrice & Co. collect fatty matters from the waste of 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 108 
 
 series of perforated planks into the key-board, like slides in 
 a magic lantern, they will become at once as clever as Liszt 
 or Thalberg. 
 
 To those who object to this barrel-organ performance, 
 but whose rebel fingers cannot execute properly a pizzicato , 
 here is an instrument by Guidon, which will do the work 
 for them by pressing a pedal whilst holding the note. 
 
 A little further there is a transposing piano which, by 
 winding up a machine, will raise or lower the tone to the 
 proper key without having to battle with a formidable array 
 of flats and sharps. 
 
 Now here is the multum in parvo , a quartett piano which 
 is a whole orchestra in itself and imitates all at once the 
 violin, alto, violoncello, and bass. What a treasure for a 
 country theatrical manager with limited means ! 
 
 After mentioning these eccentricities, we are bound to 
 add that there are also some instruments, whose only claim 
 on public attention is their excellence, such as Pleyel’s and 
 Herz’s pianos which are worth a little fortune in themselves, 
 Alexandre’s, Rodolphe’s and Debain’s organs and harmo¬ 
 niums, Sax’s brass instruments, including the saxophone , this 
 leviathan of music, and some violins of Gand and Bernardel, 
 of which Stradivarius would have been proud. 
 
 We now come to mathematical instruments which would 
 be very instructive, no doubt, if they could be appreciated, 
 but being mostly enclosed in glass cases and accompanied 
 with a meagre description, the public can only guess at their 
 merits. 
 
 We may, however, quote as the most remarkable pieces 
 of that collection, RuhmkorfFs electrical apparatus, Thenard’s 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 12 I 
 
 6. The Middle Ages, from the beginning of the 12th 
 century to Louis XI. inclusive. 
 
 7. The Renaissance from Charles VIII. to Henry IV. 
 (1610). 
 
 8. The reigns of Louis XIII. and Louis XIV. (1610 
 to 1715.) 
 
 9* The reign of Louis XV. (1715 to 1774.) 
 
 10. The reign of Louis XVI. and the Revolution, (1774 
 to 1800.) 
 
 We shall review successively each of these epochs, but 
 when we state that the number of articles exhibited in the 
 French section alone amounts to above five thousand, we 
 need scarcely add that our notice of them will be very brief. 
 
 The first period comprises the Two Ages of Stone; metal 
 being then unknown, man employed stones, first, simply split, 
 afterwards cut and polished, for arms and tools. The hatchets 
 which are shown in the case facing the entrance by the Grand 
 Vestibule, belong to the first age of stone, and proceed nearly 
 all from the excavations made at Saint Acheul, near Amiens 
 in quartenary alluvium. During this period the hippopotamus, 
 elephant, rhinoceros, hyena, muskox, reindeer, bear and large 
 cavern cat inhabited France, as is proved by fossil remains, 
 and different things made of their teeth, bones or horns 
 which are found in the departments of Dordogne, Cha- 
 rente & Allier ; one might perhaps conclude from this that the 
 climate of the country has altered since that time, but on the 
 other hand one may also suppose the nature of the animals to 
 have undergone some change, since the reindeer, which now 
 inhabits icy regions, lived- then by the side of tropical species. 
 
 At the second epoch of the age of stone we find axes, and 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 137 
 
 If the Arab woman places all her pride in her jewels, the 
 man shows an equal fondness for his arms, and his highest 
 ambition is to possess a richly mounted sabre, or a gun inlaid 
 with gold or silver. 
 
 Before the French occupation the manufactory of arms was 
 important in Algeria ; it has now considerably decreased; still, 
 excellent swords, wide in the middle and pointed at the end, 
 are made in Great Kabylia. Hamidou-Azzouz and Moham- 
 med-ben-el-Haoussin exhibit some of those swords, called 
 fllssas , from the name of the tribe who manufactures them. 
 We remark also a gun mounted in silver of the value of £40, 
 and some yatagans of a good style. 
 
 Algerian pottery is in a very backward state. The only 
 province where the ceramic art appears to be understood is 
 Kabylia, where they make some amphora , some lamps ( mosbah ) 
 and other utensils, with a black paste adorned with arabes¬ 
 ques. They have also vases to keep water cool, composed 
 of clay mixed with salt to make it porous. 
 
 The wandering tribes do not use pottery, which would be 
 too fragile for their numerous migrations ; they keep their 
 water, oil or provisions in goat-skins. 
 
 Before we take leave of Algeria, we shall give a few minutes’ 
 attention to the model of a very curious monument which 
 exists in the Province of Constantine. It is an immense round 
 pyramid formed of rising steps, and is called by the Arabs 
 Medracen , or the Tomb of the children of Medres. It is 
 supposed, however, by Europeans, to be the mansoleum of 
 the Royal Numidian family of which Massinissa was the 
 most brilliant representative in the year 200 to 250 B.C. 
 
138 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 FRENCH COLONIES. . 
 
 French Colonies, although sadly reduced from their former 
 importance, still contribute a well varied exhibition, which, 
 thanks to the able classification of Mr. Aubry-Lecomte, 
 Director of the Colonial Museum, offer many points of 
 interest. 
 
 We shall commence with Martinique and Guadelupe, who 
 derive their chief products from sugar-cane with which more 
 than one half of the available area of their territory is 
 planted. 
 
 So far back as 1789, Martinique exported eighteen thou¬ 
 sand tons of sugar, a large quantity for those times. Now, 
 thanks to improved cultivation and to the introduction of 
 steam machinery, the yearly average amounts to thirty thou¬ 
 sand tons of sugar besides about one hundred thousand 
 gallons of molasses and one million gallons of rum. 
 
 Guadelupe produces nearly twenty-five thousand tons of 
 sugar, fifty thousand gallons of molasses, and three hundred 
 thousand gallons of rum. 
 
 Those colonies possess besides a great variety of vegetable 
 substances which are easily turned into alcohol. Professor 
 Dulmann, of Saint-Pierre, sends specimens of these alcohols 
 lHade from yucca-root, mahogany apples* potatoes* bitter 
 
T 4 2 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 or Indian Trinity in the centre, massive gold ornaments, 
 divers musical instruments, and some curious statuettes 
 serving to bum incense in the temples, 
 
 Cochinchina, although the youngest of French Colonies is 
 one of the most promising. Excellent ports, large navigable 
 rivers, an extremely fertile soil, and a quiet and laborious 
 population, are more than necessary elements to render this 
 new establishment a very prosperous one. 
 
 Rice is the staple production of Cochinchina ; sugar-cane, 
 cotton, tobacco, ground-nuts, betel, areca-nuts, and cocoa- 
 nuts are also cultivated to some extent. 
 
 No less than twenty different sorts of rice are grown 
 there ; some are used to make wine, brandy, and sugar. 
 
 The natives of the country 
 seem to have taken great in¬ 
 terest in th,e Exhibition, and 
 send besides raw produce a 
 variety of manufactured artic¬ 
 les, such as baskets, fishing- 
 tackle, betel and tobacco 
 boxes, perfume burners, &c. 
 
 New Caledonia, which may 
 be called French Australia, 
 unites the advantages of tro¬ 
 pical and temperate climates. 
 There, sugar-cane, coffee, and 
 Cochinehinese Perfume-burner. cotton, are found by the side 
 of the cereals, and vegetables of Europe ; unfortunately the 
 savage nature of the indigenous population renders colo¬ 
 nization extremely difficult. Sandal-wood ranked once among 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 161 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 HOLLAND. 
 
 Resuming our peregrinations in the Machine Gallery, we find 
 ourselves in Holland, but here, as in Algeria, the space 
 is occupied by other goods, for the Dutch manufacture no 
 machines, if we except various utensils which they send to 
 their colonies for thrashing rice, baking sugar, &c., and of 
 which we see here some rough specimens. 
 
 If there are no Dutch machines worthy of remark in this 
 gallery, we find in their stead some very beautiful carriages 
 shown b_y Hermans, of the Hague, who seems to be chief 
 purveyor to the darker monarchs of creation, if we may judge 
 from the designs of some superb equipages made by him for the 
 Emperor of Solo, and the Prince of Manko Negoro. The 
 scenery in the back ground of the paintings which repre¬ 
 sent these carriages is very picturesque, and the splendour 
 of the decorations and liveries contrasts strangely with the 
 tropical and savage nature of the country, and the copper- 
 coloured skin of the servants. 
 
 Elolland is not, properly speaking, a manufacturing 
 country ; when she possessed Belgium she lent -her the 
 assistance of her capital and outlets, and the two nations 
 united, possessed a certain industrial importance ; since their 
 separation, however, Holland’s sole resources are the agri- 
 
 L 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 1 85 
 
 the supremacy in this line have magnificent cases replete 
 with the most elegant fancy articles. 
 
 Bohemian glass is well represented by Ullrich, of Vienna, 
 Hofmann, of Prague, and Mayers, of Adolf. We also 
 notice some charming crystal pieces mounted in bronze by 
 Lobmeyer, and a fine show of china, in the Dresden style, 
 from Fischer, of Herend, in Hungary. 
 
 Great praise is due to some chromo-lithographies, by 
 Holzel, Paterno and Neumann, which imitate oil paintings 
 so cleverly that it is almost necessary to touch them with the 
 finger to ascertain that they are w'orks of industry and not 
 of art. It is a good and sound idea thus to popularise the 
 works of great masters ; anyone can now possess a Rubens 
 or a Rembrandt for a few florins. 
 
 The national costumes of the various denizens of the 
 Austrian Empire, Hungarians, Moldaves, Servians, &c., are 
 very picturesque and interesting. 
 
 We now come to Switzerland, which occupies the space, 
 next to Austria. The Swiss carriages and locomotives have 
 been chiefly placed under a shed in the Park; we find, 
 however, in the Machine Gallery, a fine locomotive by Sigl, 
 of Neustadt, with a conical chimney to burn wood ; it is 
 intended for one of the Russian railways. We also remark 
 there a large weaving loom from Rieter & Co., Winterthur, 
 and specimens of the Neufchatel red and white wines. 
 
 The most attractive parts, however, of the Swiss Exhi¬ 
 bition are the Clothing, Furniture, and liberal Arts Courts 
 which are laid out with much taste. 
 
 In the first one we see a magnificent bed covered, and 
 surrounded with lace from Schlaffer & Co., St. Gall. The 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION, 
 
 19 
 
 Murcian Farmer. 
 
braids and inserting into them these numerous quaint orna¬ 
 ments devised by Scandinavian coquetry. “Make me look 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 summer is as hot as it is short in those regions. She has now 
 returned home ; one of her companions is combing her long 
 
RECOLLEC TIONS OF 
 
 
 Swedish Costumes. 
 
217 
 
 THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 Russian Costumes* 
 
2 /j 6 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Egypt has also its Gallery of costumes, amongst which we 
 remark the fellah woman carrying an amphora on her head, 
 and a smaller one on the palm of her hand. 
 
 Fellah woman. 
 
i 6 o 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 In that fast-going country, women have not the amount of 
 patience to sit for days and nights plodding at their needle, 
 and this ingenious mechanical contrivance was hailed with 
 ' delight, and soon universally adopted. Elias Howe, the in¬ 
 ventor of the system, has now emerged from his comparative 
 obscurity and has justly received the highest rewards, a gold 
 medal, and the order of the Legion of Honour. He has na¬ 
 turally greatly improved the original idea, and his A machine, 
 
 Elias Howe’s A Sewing Machine. 
 
 which we illustrate here, is admirably suited to domestic 
 purposes, being simple to manage, regular in its work and 
 moderate in price. 
 
 Mr. Howe is not, however, without opponents ; seventeen 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 3*3 
 
 room billiards, and other games, are also well imagined and 
 likely to enliven many an hour at home. 
 
 Swaine and Adeney’s riding whips 
 are justly celebrated among sports¬ 
 men ; they combine great solidity with 
 perfect flexibility, and the mounts are 
 both rich and artistical. 
 
 Mr. Lilly white’s cricket bats, balls 
 and other requisites are made in first 
 rate style, and we are sorry to see 
 their merits were not better appreciated 
 by the Jury. 
 
 Let us now enter the Picture 
 Gallery. 
 
 In 1862, the British Fine-Arts sec¬ 
 tion contained some choice specimens 
 of the old school ; the names of Sir 
 Joshua Reynolds, West, Lawrence, 
 
 Hogarth, were to be found by the 
 side of those of Landseer, Frith and 
 Ward. This time the ancients are re¬ 
 presented only in the shape of engravings in the next gallery, 
 and the moderns contribute the entire collection. 
 
 Among historical paintings, Mr. E. M. Ward undoubtedly 
 carries the palm, with his Antichamber at Whitehall , during the 
 last moments oj Charles II. , and the Night of the murder of David 
 Rizzio , which are admirably conceived and in excellent colour. 
 The latter subject being more familiar to foreigners, natu¬ 
 rally attracts the greater number of admirers. A heavy 
 iron-gloved hand weighs on the shoulder of the favourite, 
 
 Swaine and Adeney’s 
 Whip-Mount. 
 
VI. 
 
 ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 idb. idie croisra-iEai’s 
 
 (Knight of the Order of Leopold of Belgium) 
 
 LIGHT-BROWN COD-LIVER OIL- 
 
 This Oil, the undeviating purity and uniform excellence of which are 
 guaranteed by Dr. de Jongh, of the Hague, the standard authority on the 
 subject of Cod-Liver Oil, is ot so fine a quality, and its therapeutic action is 
 manifested with such certainty and efficacy, that the most distinguished 
 members of the Faculty in all parts of the world now justly regard this 
 celebrated preparation as incomparably superior to every other kind. 
 
 SELECT MEDICAL OPINIONS. 
 
 Sir JOSEPH OLLIFFE, M.D., 
 
 Physician to the British Embassy at 
 Paris. 
 
 “ I have frequently prescribed Dr. de 
 Jongh’s Liglit-Brown Cod-Liver Oil,and I 
 have every reason to be satisfied with its 
 beneficial and salutary effects.” 
 
 Dr. LANKESTER, F.R.S., 
 
 Coroner for Central Middlesex. 
 
 “ I consider that the purity of this Oil is 
 secured in its preparation by the personal 
 attention of so good a Chemist and intel¬ 
 ligent a Physician as Dr. de Jongh, who 
 has also written the best Medical Treatise 
 on the Oil with which I am acquainted. 
 Hence, I deem the Cod-Liver Oil sold under 
 his guarantee to be preferable to any other 
 kind as regards genuineness and medicinal 
 efficacy.” 
 
 Dr. BANKS, 
 
 King’s Professor of the Practice of 
 Physic at the University of Dublin. 
 “I have in the course ot my practice 
 extensively employed Dr. de Jongh's 
 Light-Brown Cod-Liver Oil, and I have 
 no hesitation in stating lhat I consider it 
 the best of all specimens of oil which have 
 ever come under my notice. The fact of 
 so able and accurate an observer as Dr. de 
 Jongh subjecting the Oil to careful ana¬ 
 lysis previous to its exposure for sale, is a 
 sufficient guarantee of its purity and ex¬ 
 cellence.” 
 
 EDWIN CANTON, Esq., F.R.C.S., 
 Surgeon to' Charing Cross Hospital. 
 
 “ For several years past 1 have been in 
 the habit of prescribing Dr. de Jongh’s 
 Light-Brown Cod-Liver Oil, and find it to 
 be much more efficacious than other va¬ 
 rieties of the same medicine which I have 
 also employed with a view to test their 
 relative superiority.” 
 
 DR. DE JONGH’S LIGHT-BROWN COD-LIVER OIL is sold 
 
 only in IMPERIAL Half-pints, 2s. 6d.; Pints, 4s. 9d.; Quarts, 9s.; 
 Capsuled and Labelled with his Stamp and Signature, without which 
 none can possibly be Genuine, by all respectable Chemists and Druggists 
 throughout the World. 
 
 Sole Consignees, ANSAR, HARFORD & Co., 77, Strand, London, W.C. 
 Sole Accredited Agents for the United States and Canada, 
 EDWARD GREEY & Co., 34, Vesey Street, New-York. 
 
 Sir HENRY MARSH, Bart., M.D., 
 
 Physician in Ordinary to the Queen 
 in Ireland. 
 
 “I consider Dr. de Jongh’s Light- 
 Brown Cod-Liver Oil to be a pure Oil, not 
 likely to create disgust, and a therapeutic 
 agent of great value.” 
 
 Dr. EDWARD SMITH, F.R.S., 
 
 Medical Officer to the Poor-Law 
 Board. 
 
 “ We think it a great advantage lhat 
 there is one kind of Cod-Liver Oil which is 
 universally admitted to be genuine—the 
 Light-Brown Oil supplied by Dr de Jongh. 
 It has long been our practice, when pre - 
 scribing the Oil, to recommend this kind, 
 since, amidst so much variety and uncer¬ 
 tainty, we have confidence in its genuine¬ 
 ness.”—Extract from ‘ Consumption : its 
 Early and Remediable Stages.’ 
 
 Dr. LETHEBY, 
 
 Medical Officer of Health and Chief 
 
 Analyst to the City of London. 
 
 “ In all cases I have found Dr. de 
 Jongh'S Light-Brown Cod-Liver Oil pos¬ 
 sessing the same set ot properties, among 
 which the presence of oholaic compounds, 
 and of iodine in a state of organic combi¬ 
 nation, are the most remarkable. It is, I 
 believe, universally acknowledged that this 
 Oil has great therapeutic power; and, from 
 my investigations, I have no doubt of its 
 being a pure and unadulterated article.” 
 
 Dr. BARLGW, 
 
 Late Senior Physician to Guy’s 
 Hospital. 
 
 “ I have frequently recommended per¬ 
 sons consulting me to make use of Dr. de 
 Jongh’s Cod Liver Oil. I have been well 
 satisfied with its (fleets, and believe it to 
 be a very pure Oil, well fitted for those 
 cases in which the use of that substance is 
 indicated.’ - 
 
ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 xv. 
 
 RIMMSI, 5 ® XBLAVG- 
 
 THE FLOWER OF FLOWERS, 
 
 (Unona Odoratissvma) the finest Perfume 
 ever produced 
 
 Ihlang-Ihlang Extract, for the Handkerchiefs 
 as. 6d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d., 8s. 6d., and 16s. 
 Ihlang-Ihlang Pommade for the Hair, 2s. 6d. 
 Ihlang-Ihlang Soap, 3s. 6d. 
 
 Ihlang-Ihlang Toilet Powder, is. 6d. 
 
 RIMMEL’S TOILET VINEGAR, Superior to Eau de Cologne, is., 2s. 6d. & 5s. 
 RIMMEL’S GLYCERINE SOAP, and LIME CREAM SOAP, 
 highly recommended for the Skin, 6d. and is. 
 
 RimmePs Extract of Lime Juice and Glycerine, 
 
 the best Preparation for the Hair, is. 6d., 2s. 6d. and 5s. 
 Rimmel’s Hair Lotion for eradicating scurf and cleansing the head, 2s. 6d. 
 Rimmel’s Glycerine Cold Cream, is. 
 
 RIMIVIEL’S PERLINE, A NEW PREPARATION OF MOTHER O’PEARL 
 
 for imparting a dazzling whiteness to the complexion, 2s. 6d. per box. 
 Rimmel’s Violet Scented Oatmeal for softening the hands, 6d. per barrel. 
 Rimmel’s Skin Lotion for removing all cutaneous imperfections, 2s. yd., 
 
 4s. 6d. and 8s. 6d. 
 
 Rimmel’s Hamigaki, a Japanese dentifrice, is. 
 
 Rimmel’s Rose Water Crackers, 2s. per dozen. One Guinea per gross. 
 
 Rimmel's Costume Crackers, each containing some piece of attire, 
 
 (a most amusing device), 4s. per dozen: Two Guineas per gross. 
 
 RIMMEL’S PATENT DINNER TABLE FOUNTAINS 
 
 To replace the Rosewater Salver or Finger Glasses. 
 
 (Specially recommended for Clubs and Regimental Messes ) 
 
 Small size, to be placed by the side of each Guest: Electro 
 silvered. Glass Basin, 15s.; Electro gilt. Ruby Basin, £1 is. 
 
 Large size, to be handed round after Dinner : Electro-silvered, 
 
 Glass Basin, £1 is. and £1 10s.; Electro-gilt, £2 10s. 
 
 mmmel'S ratraiiE fountains 
 
 For Drawing-Rooms, Ball-Rooms, &c., £ 1 15s., £3 10s., 
 
 £6 6s., £12 12s. and £14 14s. 
 
 (See Drawings on next page.) 
 
 PARISIAN AND VIENNESE FANS, in great variety from 3s. 6d. 
 Musical Perfume Caskets and Photographic Albums, 
 
 from One Guinea. 
 
 Perfumed Illuminated Dinner Cards, 2s. 6d. per dozen; by post for 31 stamps. 
 Iperfumeb programmes for §alls, Concerts, anb |)rxbate Cjjratrieals. 
 
 Sold by all Perfumery Dealers in the world. 
 
 Special Representatives for the United States, 
 EDWARD GREEY & Co., 34, Vesey Street, New-York. 
 
 -T—9-— 
 
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 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 It would be impossible for us to give a complete list of the 
 rewards given to exhibitors, which form of themselves a large 
 volume ; we shall merely record here, in the order of the 
 different groups, the great prizes which were awarded either 
 for a marked superiority in fine arts, for important discoveries 
 or for notable improvements effected in industry. 
 
 FINE ARTS. 
 
 Cabanel; France. 
 
 Gerome ; France. 
 
 Ernest Meissonier; France. 
 Theodore Rousseau; France. 
 Guillaume de Kaulbach, Bavaria. 
 Knaus ; Prussia. 
 
 Leys; Belgium. 
 
 Ussi, Italy. 
 
 Perraud ; France. 
 
 Drake, Prussia. 
 
 J. Dupre Italy. 
 
 Angelot, France. 
 
 Ferstel, Austria. 
 Waterhouse, Great Britain. 
 Alph. Fran 5 ois; France. 
 
 J. Ketter; Prussia. 
 
 Eugene Guillaume; France. 
 
 AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY. 
 
 Alfred Marne and Son, Tours; Books and binding. 
 
 Japan, Paper; Industrial arts Japan ware ; Silk. 
 
 De Jacob, St. Petersburg; Application of galvanoplasty to the arts. 
 Gamier, Paris ; Engravings. 
 
 Adolphe Sax, Paris ; Brass instruments. 
 
 J. L. Mathieu, Paris ; Surgical instruments. 
 
 Father Secchi, Rome ; Meteorological works. 
 
 Brunetti, Padova ; Anatomical instruments. 
 
 Eichens, Paris ; Astronomical instruments. 
 
 Fourdinois, Paris ; Furniture and tapestry. 
 
 Klagman, Paris; Works of art. 
 
 Baccarat Crystal Company; Crystal. 
 
 The City of Lyons; Institutions created to encourage the Silk trade. 
 Krupp, Essen, Prussia ; Cast Steel. 
 
 Petin and Gaudet, Rive-de-Gier; Cast Steel and Iron. 
 
 Schneider & Co., (two prizes), Le Creuzot; Cast Steel, Sheet Iron, &c. 
 Japy Brothers, Beaucourt; Hardware, Locks, 8cc. 
 
 Bessemer, London ; Steel. 
 
 Triana, Bogota, New Grenada ; Collection of plants. 
 
THE, PARIS EXHIBITION. 25 
 
 which deserve commendation. We shall find other exhi¬ 
 bitions of painted glass in the Palace. 
 
 We must not forget, before leaving this church, the brilliant 
 chandeliers and candelabra of the Meysenthal glass-works, 
 some fine ivory carvings by Garnot, Froc-Robert’s Mater 
 Admirabilis , three beautiful wax figures of saints by Talrich, 
 and the splendidly printed and bound missals of Adrien 
 Le Clere & Co. 
 
 On issuing from this building we come to the Maternal 
 School where Mr. Gosselin explains his system of spontaneous 
 instruction for the deaf and dumb. To the usual signs 
 employed hitherto to converse with those unfortunates, the 
 inventor substitutes a phonomimk alphabet which consists in a 
 very’ animated pantomime expressing by turns admiration, 
 horror, fatigue, laughter, tears, or representing some animal, 
 a wolf, a serpent, a cat, a dog, a cow. This mode of com¬ 
 munication is more rapid than the one now in use, inasmuch 
 as each motion represents a word. 
 
 On the banks of the miniature lake close by, rises Lepaute’s 
 light-house, an immense cast-iron tower crowned with a light 
 extending to a radius of thirty miles ; it is intended to be put 
 up on the island of Brehat, near the coast of Britanny. 
 
 We now turn towards the banks of the river passing under 
 a bridge made of Bessemer steel, and we come to the 
 “ Human Aquarium.” What can that be, will some of our 
 readers exclaim ? Has the race of Tritons reappeared on 
 this globe ? Let us approach and solve the mystery. 
 
 At the bottom of a large round reservoir we faintly discern 
 through some glazed apertures a fantastical being gambolling 
 in the water. He soon rises to the surface and shows his 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 42 
 
 The Swedes, depending more on the attractions of costume, 
 than on those of their black bread and smoked fish, have 
 imported a couple of fair lasses, who, with their flaxen hair, 
 snowy cap, and light-blue boddice, attract some' attention - r 
 but the great lion of the eating world is without a doubt, a 
 Russian rejoicing in the name of Koretschenko, who gives 
 us a perfect image of a Petersburg traktir , or restaurant. 
 Two handsome Muscovites freely displaying their white arms 
 and neck, sit at the counter, adorned with the graceful 
 head-dress, which was formerly worn by all Russian 
 women, but which now is only patronized by wet-nurses 
 (carmilitzas) , or, singular to say, by the Empress'on great 
 state occasions. The waiters, or tschela-veks , arrayed in white, 
 blue or pink tunics and pantaloons to match, half buried 
 in their large boots, cause also a great sensation, and many 
 visitors, in order to have a nearer view of the denizens of the 
 place, venture to dive into the horrors of Russian cooking, 
 and swallow with apparent resignation, a tschtschi made of 
 bacon, cabbage, vinegar, and sugar, or an ice-soup called 
 bathuynia , the contents of which have hitherto baffled the 
 most patient analysation. Others less bold, or less wealthy, 
 content themselves with staring in through the windows. 
 
 The Italian disdaining all external allurements, rests on 
 the merits of his Neapolitan macaroni , and of his Milanese 
 risotto , which seem fully appreciated by his customers. 
 
 We were to have also specimens of Eastern cafes., but the 
 greater part of those establishments not meeting with success, 
 were soon turned into tobacco and pipe shops, and cheap French 
 restaurants. Tunis alone kept its individuality, and offered 
 us to the last its muddy coffee, and its strange musicians., 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 69 
 
 the train; we wonder though, who will be the woman cour¬ 
 ageous enough to brave the allusions to which she will be 
 exposed by assuming the garb of Juno’s favourite. 
 
 Penetrating into the interior of the Galleries, we find 
 everything classed with great method and taste ; nevertheless 
 the public loiter but little here, for the study of Ardeche' 
 raw silk, Tours reps, Saint-Etienne ribbons, Amiens velvet, 
 Rheims woollens, Troyes hosiery, Sedan and Louviers cloth, 
 Tarare muslin, Rouen cotton prints, possesses no interest but 
 for people in that particular branch of trade. 
 
 We must, however, make exception for the damask linen 
 of Mr. Casse, of Lille, which represents different subjects 
 treated very artistically, and for the magnificent silks shown 
 by the city of Lyons which defy all rivalry for beauty of 
 material, brilliancy of colour, and variety in design. 
 
 Paris, Saint-Quentin, Saint-Pierre-lez-Calais, compete suc¬ 
 cessfully with Belgium for their tulles, lace and embroidery. 
 There is among other wonderful things, a dress of Point 
 d'Alengon which is said to have cost ten thousand five 
 hundred days’ work. Just imagine, ten thousand five hun¬ 
 dred girls giving each a day of their lives to adorn one 
 single individual, and yet France pretends to be the land of 
 equality ! 
 
 Pariot-Laurent, of Paris, excels in trimmings, an article of 
 no small importance with the present style of dress, and his 
 exhibition is very tasteful and complete. The straw hats of 
 Durst-Wild, Agnellet Bros, and Chaumonot & Co.,show great 
 progress, and are worthy to rank with those of Italy ; as to 
 bonnets they are reduced to a mere shadow, a tiny gauzy 
 cloud floating on the head. Of the hats of the sterner sex we 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 86 
 
 painted by Yvon, its great vase designed by Nicole, its cups 
 modelled by Solon, Gely, Barriat, its relief figures of pate sur 
 
 pate command general and 
 well deserved admiration. 
 We regret that our space will 
 only allow us to illustrate a 
 small specimen of this splen¬ 
 did display. 
 
 Limoges has evidently pre¬ 
 served some of the traditions 
 of Bernard de Palissy. Messrs. 
 Gibus, Haviland, Alluaud, 
 Labesse, Sazerat, have done 
 their best to follow in the 
 track of their celebrated towns¬ 
 man. We may also mention 
 as highly commendable the 
 manufactures of Pillivuyt & 
 Co., Nevers, of Hache 8c 
 Pepin - Lehalleur, Vierzon, 
 and of Geoffroy-Guerin 8c 
 Co., Gien ; and as novelties, 
 Mace’s ceramic chromo-litho¬ 
 graphy, Collinot’s Persian 
 Sevres Vase. potteries (from A. de Beau¬ 
 
 monts designs), and Decks imitations of Japanese porcelain. 
 
 Until the Treaty of Commerce came into operation the im¬ 
 portation of foreign earthenware into France was totally pro¬ 
 hibited ; and the natural consequence was that this branch of 
 trade, like an infant stifled in its swaddling clothes, was 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 .105 
 
 they show proves the hollowness of the compliment often 
 made to polyglots, that they know every language . There are 
 there idioms, the very names of which are unknown to many 
 of our readers, such as estranghelo , barman , himyarite , magadha, 
 tifinag , pass e-pa, &c. 
 
 The geological map of France executed on a very minute 
 scale, does also great credit to the Imperial establishment, 
 and is on a par with the best German charts. 
 
 Among the printing editors we shall mention as the most 
 remarkable, Mr. Plon, to whom was confided the commercial 
 edition of YHistoire cle Cesar , Mr. Delalain who publishes 
 classical works, and Mr. Armengaud, whose Galeriespubliques 
 de VEurope, Les Tresors de VArt, &c., merited more* than 
 the silver medal which was awarded him, and which he 
 refused as did many others. 
 
 Mr. Firmin Didot appears to rest on his laurels, and to be 
 satisfied with his ancient celebrity, for he does not attempt to 
 shine in the contest. 
 
 There is, however, a house of at least equal antiquity, for 
 it dates as far back as 1676, which still perseveres in the 
 path of progress. Mme Berger-Levraut, of Strasburg, be¬ 
 sides typography and lithography, exhibits a new sort of 
 copper engraving which can be produced cheaper than wood 
 engraving, and set up with ordinary letter-press. 
 
 The best specimens of typography are shown by Mr. Claye 
 (who printed the French edition of this book), Mr. Lahure, 
 who works principally for Hachette, and Mr. Victor Goupy 
 who, next to the Imperial printing-office, has the largest 
 collection of foreign type. 
 
 Mr. Bourgerie-Villette, with the aid of litho-chromy, imi- 
 
I 10 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 with the size or shape of the ears allotted them by Dame 
 Nature, had adopted false ones made of india-rubber, which 
 were worn over the others. Now while terminating our 
 examination of this gallery, we discovered the origin of this 
 libel on the fair sex; it is simply an ear-case made of 
 pink india-rubber, into which the ears are inserted, as into a 
 snug over-coat to keep them from cold. It is therefore 
 entirely proved to our satisfaction, and we hope also- to 
 that of our readers : that no French ladies possess Midas-like 
 ears requiring concealment, and that the impugned artifice 
 was a simple and innocent covering. 
 
 Having now settled the cause of the ears, we shall advo¬ 
 cate that of the nose. Can nothing be done for this poor 
 advanced guard, so useful always, and sometimes so orna¬ 
 mental ? Shall we not also provide a case for him to prevent 
 his being frost-bitten ? 
 
122 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 knives of different stones very well polished, and even some 
 fragments of pottery ; many of the specimens shown come from 
 the valley of the Seine. 
 
 Metal then makes its appearance, and feminine coquetry, 
 which is of all ages, seizes upon it for ornamental purposes ; 
 here are bracelets and necklaces of bronze made by the Gauls 
 long before their intercourse with the Romans. Stones are 
 also used for jewellery, as we see by the rings and beads of 
 jadeite , dug from the Dolmen of Manne—er A’rock (Morbihan.) 
 
 The Gauls, civilized by the Romans, next employ bronze 
 to make helmets, shields, swords, daggers, lances, statues, 
 seals, coins, locks, chariot wheels, and a host of utensils, 
 gold and silver being reserved for circlets, arm-bands, 
 fibulae, and other ornaments. They also strive to imitate 
 the beautiful Etruscan and Grecian vases. 
 
 Normandy, Britanny, and the South of France furnish 
 some very interesting specimens of these different objects. 
 
 The fourth period brings us the Franks, with their semi¬ 
 barbarian customs. The scramasax.es of the Boulogne Museum 
 give a very good idea of the arms in use at this period, when 
 bronze was replaced by iron, and Roman art exchanged 
 for the rude work of the North. 
 
 Jewellery savours much of this retrograde state, the 
 mounting is rude, and the stones are of little value. 
 
 The chief part of these jewels come from the cemeteries of 
 Uzelot and Hardenthun (Pas-de-Calais), and are lent by the 
 Boulogne Museum. 
 
 With Charlemagne we return to civilization* one feels 
 'that the light of the East has penetrated the obscurity of the 
 West, and dispersed its gloom. 
 
 The churches are furnished with handsome shrines, and 
 
i 4 4 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 THE ISLAND OF BILLANCOURT. 
 
 It was decidedly anything but a “ happy thought,” to have 
 selected the island of Billancourt to consign thereto the 
 agriculcural implements which could not find their place in 
 the Champ-de-Mars. Parisians have a profound aversion for 
 long voyages, and but few strangers could spare time to travel 
 over the few miles which separate Billancourt from the 
 capital. The natural consequence was that this part of the 
 show was only visited by farmers or by country schools 
 masters who came in batches, at the expense of Government, 
 to attend the lectures on agriculture given by competent 
 professors, and diffuse the “ new light ” on their return 
 home. This was the only practical part of this section ; 
 otherwise it may be termed a failure; the exhibitors seldom 
 saw a customer, the huge restaurant was ever in desolate 
 solitude, and the long row of shops on the bridge above 
 remained untenanted. 
 
 Until very lately the French were very much behind their 
 neighbours, and especially the English, in all matters con¬ 
 nected with agriculture. Nature having done a good deal 
 for them, they did but little for themselves ; a very common 
 circumstance, by the bye, for the most fertile countries are 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 T 45 
 
 generally the worst cultivated, .and vice-versa , Italy and 
 Scotland, to wit. For a long time French farmers stubbornly 
 resisted any kind of improvement ; they would not, or could 
 
 not, understand the benefit of machinery, and adhered with 
 dogged obstinacy to the imperfect ways and tools handed 
 
 K 
 
164 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 The Fine Arts are but poorly represented, and one can 
 hardly understand that the birthplace of Rembrandt and 
 Gerard Dow, should only have sent about half a dozen 
 pictures, and those of little or no merit. 
 
 Dutch typography, on the contrary, deserves the highest 
 praise, and finds no rival, but in Paiis, London and Vienna. It 
 is chiefly in the types of the far East that it excels. Tetterode 
 shows some remarkably neat impressions in Chinese, Japa¬ 
 nese, and all the different dialects of the Indian archipelago, 
 and Brill, of Leyden, gives us the Lord’s Prayer printed ill 
 eighteen languages, some of which are but little known, such 
 as the hieratic, hieroglyphic, &c. 
 
 The old established reputation of Holland linen, and Frise 
 woollens, is sustained by some good manufacturers. We 
 also remark a very beautiful fur carpet, figuring flowers, by 
 Greeve & Son, of Amsterdam, and a large basin on a 
 pedestal, made of sal-amonniac, and resembling one of those 
 public lavatories called demosia , which the ancient Greeks 
 placed in the squares of their cities. 
 
 Diamond polishing is a trade of which the Dutch have 
 almost preserved the monopoly. They have erected a 
 building in the Park, wherein are shown the different phases 
 of the operation. There, is to be seen a map of the diamond 
 strata , of Brazil, a series of ores from various countries, and 
 in different stages of crystallization, and all the tools employed 
 to give the rough stone this brilliant surface which makes 
 it the most dazzling ornament of beauty. We shall not 
 repeat here the details which we have already given of 
 these processes when speaking of the polishing of diamonds 
 shown in the French section of the machine gallery. 
 
THE PAB.I8 EXHIBITION, 
 
 181 
 
 summoned by telegraph to perform their household duties ! 
 
 Mr. Wertheim, of Vienna, is a bold man ; he offers 
 100,000 francs to any person who will succeed in picking 
 his safe. We wonder if any of the celebrated London 
 burglars who, like Love (and that is their only point of 
 resemblance), “laugh at locksmiths,” obtained a ticket-of- 
 leave to try their chance of winning this rich prize. 
 
 Awaiting the contemplated throwing of a bridge from 
 Dover to Calais, here is one to cross the Bosphorus ; a plan 
 which will be much easier to realize than the former, for it 
 
 Hollenbach. 
 
 would only be 600 yards long and two'piers would be sufH- 
 cienLto support it. 
 
 v ■ \ 
 
 ycwwi) 
 
i 9 4 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 but uncultivated plains of Estramadura ; there again capital 
 and hands are deficient. 
 
 Carlos Prast, of Madrid, shows a goodly array of pre¬ 
 served fruits ; but we wonder how he has been able to grow 
 these peaches, apricots and pears, in the Sahara , which 
 surrounds the Spanish Metropolis. We can better under¬ 
 stand Matias Lopez’s chocolate manufactory at Madrid,- for 
 cocoa will travel if fruits cannot. 
 
 Gavalda’s liqueurs, made at Palencia, look very tempting, 
 and we would willingly have become more intimately ac¬ 
 quainted with them. 
 
 A series of woods of every kind displays the wealth of 
 of Spanish forests, which has not been taxed as yet to its 
 fullest extent. 
 
 On the upper floor of this pavilion are grouped the products 
 sent by the last vestiges of the once numerous Iberian Colo¬ 
 nies, Cuba, Porto-Rico and Manilla. 
 
 The principal exhibition of Cuba naturally consists in 
 tobacco and cigars of every kind and shape ; we also see 
 there a very curious collection of insects and reptiles, and 
 some fine specimens of coral, for which a silver medal was 
 deservedly awarded to Dr. J. Gundlach. 
 
 One of the Havanese exhibits causes us no small amount 
 of surprise ; it is a fan made in the honour of Lincoln. The 
 President’s portrait is surrounded with Cupids and Fames, 
 and accompanied with enthusiastic verses which do not 
 augur well for the continuance of the Spanish dominion. 
 
 Produce from the Philippine Islands comprises cigars, 
 hemp, cocoa, coffee, indigo, and that magnificent shell 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 1 99 
 
 in wild luxuriance In the plains of Estramadura, and which 
 are allowed to “ waste their sweets on desert" air.” 
 
 The Spanish pictures are few in number, and offer nothing 
 worthy of the school of Murillo and Velazquez. A full- 
 length portrait of the Queen of Spain occupies the centre of 
 the room. There is besides a large picture representing a 
 conclave of cardinals, in which the artist has mastered a great 
 difficulty in grouping his scarlet-cloaked personages, so as 
 to avoid making the whole too loud in colour. Another 
 painter opposite has been less happy with his 44 Commu¬ 
 nicants,” who kneeling, white clad, and in single file, are 
 painfully suggestive of the paper “ ducks and drakes ” made 
 by children. 
 
 Portugal, ambitious, like Spain, to show her colonial produce, 
 has erected in the Park a pavilion devoted to that purpose ; 
 but what she has remaining of Albuquerque’s and Vasco de 
 • Gama’s conquests is so insignificant, that the jewel is far 
 from corresponding to the size of the case. Lacquered boxes 
 with curious ornaments manufactured at Goa, sundry woods 
 from the East Indies, textile plants from Cape de Verde, 
 cassava root and beans from Angola, and liqueurs from 
 Mozambique form the bulk of this collection. 
 
 In lieu of machines, Portugal exhibits her wines, her cereals 
 and her slates. 
 
 Portuguese manufactures are also devoid of interest if we 
 except a series of potteries, in the Limoges style, indicating 
 marked progress in the ceramic art, which was for a long 
 time kept back in that country owing to the prohibition of 
 all foreign importations. 
 
 The restoration of the Belem Church, erected in Lisbon in 
 
2 10 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 \ 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 
 If every nation occupied in the Exhibition a space propor¬ 
 tionate to the extent of its territory, Russia would have 
 laid claim to something like a third of the Champ-de-Mars ; 
 but if the country is large, its industry is small, and a few 
 hundred exhibitors alone represent this vast Empire which is 
 made up of so many divers elements, and which almost 
 encircles our terrestrial globe. 
 
 The Russians have turned into good account the section 
 of the Park allotted to them. At the extreme end they have 
 constructed very elegant stables, wherein are to be seen 
 beautiful specimens of the Muscovite equine race, from the 
 rough ardent pony of the Steppes, which is not unlike the 
 Shetland, to the prancing steed trained in the Petersburg 
 stud. This Exhibition is made in the name of the Emperor 
 Alexander, to whom was justly awarded one of the grand 
 prizes for this interesting collection. 
 
 The Office of the Russian Commission opposite gives a 
 good idea of the architecture of the country, which partakes 
 at the same time of the Swiss and Chinese styles. There, 
 every mougik builds his own house ; by means of his hatchet, 
 which he handles with wonderful dexterity, and which does 
 service alternately as a plane, a saw, and a chisel, he con- 
 
2 4 8 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 and some very curious vases, of which we give a design, 
 supplied by Commandant Duhousset. 
 
 The Siamese Exhibition is under the auspices of Somdelch- 
 Phra-Paramendr-Maha-Mongkut, first king of Siam. Let us 
 hope that his successors will not think fit to add to this long 
 
 Persian vases, from Commandant Duhousset’s sketch. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 26l 
 
 other inventors lay claim to the idea of replacing women’s 
 fingers by iron prongs. Among those, two companies have 
 started for the sole purpose of making button-holes . 
 
 Another machine with much less pacific tendencies, is Colt’s 
 revolving cannon, which drills in a man’s skin holes which are 
 often past mending. It is simply an exaggerated breech¬ 
 loading revolver, set on a carriage, and presenting its five 
 mouths in succession with great rapidity. This is a very 
 light arm, particularly adapted to skirmishing warfare. 
 
 It is not, however, sufficient to destroy ; one must also 
 repair ; and with the strange anomaly which characterizes the 
 warrior, he has no sooner inflicted a wound than he does his 
 best to heal it. Thus the surgeon’s science is for ever striv¬ 
 ing to keep apace with the armourer’s progress. We find an 
 example of this in the plans admirably conceived and executed 
 by Mr. Barnes, Chief S.urgeon, of the Federal army, for field- 
 hospitals, surgical appliances, and all measures taken for the 
 comfort and care of the wounded. 
 
 It is also necessary to feed, clothe, and equip those who are 
 in good health ; thanks to Mr. Meig’s explanations', we know 
 how this was effected during the late terrible war. 
 
 The feeding portion must have been the easiest, for in a 
 country so fertile and so well cultivated, it is impossible to 
 starve. Look, for instance, at the magnificent collection of 
 cereals sent by Ohio, Pensylvania, Vermont, Massachusetts, 
 Virginia, Maryland, Missouri, and Louisiana. Corn in the 
 north, barley in the centre, maize in the west, rice in the south, 
 abundance everywhere. If we add to that, the herds of oxen 
 which graze in their plains, the sheep and the pigs which 
 swarm in their pens, the fish which abound on their coasts 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 263 
 
 Of tobacco there is a great variety exhibited for smoking, 
 snuff or chewing. The best specimens ,are contributed by 
 Lilienthal of New York, Sarrazin of New Orleans, and Caroll 
 of Lynchburg. 
 
 The metallurgical operations of the Americans have been 
 almost confined hitherto to the extraction of gold from Cali¬ 
 fornia, and silver from Nevada. People are too anxious there 
 to make a rapid fortune to waste their time in seeking less 
 valuable metals. Yet most of the States possess rich metallic 
 strata, which will no doubt some day be turned to profitable 
 account. 
 
 Coals also abound in certain districts of Pensylvania and 
 Ohio, but what seems to have engrossed the attention of 
 Americans, of late years, has been the working of those won¬ 
 derful mineral springs, which shoot up from the bowels of 
 the earth streams of a mineral oil, now universally used for 
 lighting purposes. The produce of these petroleum wells 
 has become so profitable, that in the highly coloured language 
 of the Yankees “ striking oil ” is synonimOus to making a 
 large and rapid fortune. 
 
 Marbles are also found in various parts of the States • the 
 principal specimens we see here are a beautiful white Ver¬ 
 mont marble chimney-piece, and another of brown California 
 marble, both exhibited by Shuster. 
 
 The finest assortment of woods comes from the States most 
 remote from the coasts, such as Missouri, Kansas, Wisconsin 
 and Illinois. The same provinces also contribute valuable 
 furs and well prepared leather; the latter are also sent by the 
 States of New York and Massachusetts. Louisiana shows a 
 novelty in the shape of tanned alligator skins for boot and 
 shoe making. 
 
268 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 croa , jacapucaia , quiabos , Sfc. Our manufacturers will no 
 doubt turn their serious attention to some of these, as soon 
 they are produced in sufficient quantities to appear on our 
 markets. 
 
 Brazilian oils and resins are no less numerous, and some of 
 them are highly interesting; we shall quote among others, 
 the oils of assahy , andiroba , tamaquare , muruty , cumara , 
 nixypucuj quavinguba , pupunha , batiputa , jupaty, mypueu , innja 
 and cumaru; the resins of atiaury , angido, jutaicica , 
 and macambira , and the milk drawn from the wool-tree. 
 
 Woods for timber and cabinet-making are abundant in 
 Brazil, and so are medicinal plants ; the latter alone would 
 form a long list, which we shall not attempt to inflict on our 
 readers. 
 
 Among the curiosities of this section, we may mention the 
 fruits of the merity , which, under the name of vegetable ivory , 
 are largely used to manufacture small fancy articles in imita¬ 
 tion of ivory. 
 
 Coffee and sugar are among the staple productions of 
 Brazil, and well do they deserve their reputation if we may 
 judge from the fine samples sent by the principal haciendas 
 of the Empire. 
 
 The mining Exhibition of Brazil is somewhat meagre, 
 consisting only in a few specimens of iron ores, coal, jasper, 
 hematite, &c. The celebrated diamond mines are also poorly 
 represented by some small crystals, which give but a feeble 
 idea of the treasures of Minas Geraes, and Matto Grosso. 
 
 The finest collection of metals in South America is un¬ 
 doubtedly that which comes from Chili. That long narrow 
 strip of land lying between the Andes and the Pacific produces 
 
Chased Casket, Benson, 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 281 
 
 Jackson & Graham’s splendid ebony cabinet inlaid with ivory, 
 from the designs of Lormier. 
 
 Benham’s Ranges 
 
 We also' see some very creditable carved furniture from 
 Messrs. Crace, Holland, Gillows, Trollope, Dyer, and Watts. 
 
 Mr. Benham exhibits his beautiful stoves, grates, and 
 fenders, and a well appointed kitchen-range offering great 
 convenience, and economy of fuel. He has also in the Vic¬ 
 toria Cottage in the Park a gigantic round oven, which, with 
 the same fire, bakes bread and cooks victuals for three 
 hundred persons at one time. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 8 5 
 
 In the Grand Vestibule we observe some good stained glass 
 from Claudet 8 c Houghton, Heaton, Butler & Bayne, Baillie 
 
 Engraved Glass, Millar & Co. 
 
 & Co., Powell & Sons, Ward & Hughes, Cox & Sons, and 
 Clayton & Bell, of London ; Dury, of Warwick ; Edmund- 
 
 Engraved Glass, Defries. 
 
 son, of Manchester, and Cottier, of Glasgow. The Testing 
 House also contains fine specimens contributed by Chance 
 
292 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 deserved medal. Morson’s silver medal was equally well 
 merited for his fine collection of alkaloids. 
 
 No less than seven gold medals were awarded to British 
 chemical products ; four of those were divided between 
 Allhusen and Son, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Muspratt and Sons, 
 of Liverpool, Gossage and Sons, of Widnes, and the Jarrow 
 Company at South Shields, all for the manufacture of 
 alkalies ; the other three were carried off by Price’s Patent 
 Candle Company, for their glycerine, Howard and Sons, of 
 Stratford, for their quinine, and Young, of Bathgate, for his 
 paraffine. 
 
 Statham’s Electrical Machine. 
 
 Among pharmaceutical productions we notice principally: 
 Borwick’s baking powder, Condy’s disinfecting fluid, Savory 
 and Moore’s pancreatic emulsions, Schweitzer’s cocoatina, 
 Schwepp’s mineral waters, Tidman’s sea salt, sundry prepa¬ 
 rations by Twinberrow and Son, and A. Le Maout’s gelatinous 
 capsules which are undoubtedly the finest in the Exhibition. 
 
 Mr. W. C. Statham has done much to encourage the 
 advance of chemistry by producing at a moderate price very 
 
EXTRACTS FROM 
 
 THE OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 i 
 
 “ Few have had better opportunities than we have had of testing the 
 worth of this book; again and again we have gone over the same round, and 
 we are gratified to report that Mr. Rimmel has done his work in a ma.mer 
 highly satisfactory—in good taste, with sound judgment and careful accuracy. 
 He has gone more or less througli every department of the Exhibition and 
 Park ; briefly described each portion and division, commenting on all, judi¬ 
 ciously complimenting the best manufacturers and producers of all countries, 
 and doing ample justice to England. Moreover, the book is well written ; 
 the style is that of a practised rather than a ’prentice hand ; and where cri¬ 
 ticism is ventured on, it is sound and practical; as a “ souvenir ” of the 
 Great Exhibition it stands alone.”— Art Journal, March, 1868. 
 
 “ Those who could not visit Paris will here find fair pen and pencil know¬ 
 ledge of the principal “ lions,” and those who visited it will not reject so 
 pretty a “ souvenir ” of the world’s progress in mechanical industry crafts 
 that pay homage to the arts.”— Morning Post, 10th April, 1868. 
 
 “ The book is full of facts, and of such facts as a man would willingly be 
 in possession of, the “ bonnes bouches ” of the great feast—the grain separated 
 from the chaff of the big official Catalogue.” —Star, 16th March, 1868. 
 
 “ The engravings of the principal objects in the Paris Exhibition, notably 
 those of national costume and decorative art, are splendidly executed.”— 
 Morning Advertiser, 12th March, 1868. 
 
 “No prettier, more comprehensive, nor more attractive souvenir of this 
 remarkable event in the world’s history has yet appeared.”— Press, 14th 
 March, 1868. 
 
 “ This volume is splendidly brought out.”— Observer, March 22,1868. 
 
 “ Mr. Rimmel shows himself, in his daintily produced volume, to be a 
 man of considerable judgment, and no small power of observation.”— Book¬ 
 seller, March 2, 1868. 
 
 “It is very elegantly and tastefully produced, and is in every w r ay suited 
 for the drawing-room table as well as for the library shelf.”— Courier, March 
 14th, 1868. 
 
 “ A pleasant reminiscence of the great French Palace of Art and Industry.” 
 — Notes and Queries, 21st March, 1868. 
 
 “We can most cordially recommend it to the perusal of our own readers 
 and the public generally.”— Serio-Comic Magazine, March, 1868. 
 
 “ Chaque pays est passe en revue par M. E. Rimmel: ses inventions, ses 
 produits sont analyses par Tauteur avec le soin que comporte un tel sujet, et 
 le Lecteur qui n’a pas visite l’Exposition peut, grace a cet ouvrage, se faire 
 une idee exacte de toutes les merveilles que renfermait ce Temple de la 
 Paix.”— International, 17th March, 1868. 
 
 “ The leading features of success and failure are fairly treated ; their 
 choicest gems are carefully selected and artistically arranged.”— Atlas, 13th 
 March, 1868. 
 
INTRODUCTION, 
 
 The Paris Exhibition has been more than a “ nine days’” or 
 even a “ seven months’ wonder.” It proved, without a doubt, 
 the most brilliant, the most complete, the most original of 
 those interesting displays called “ International Exhibitions.” 
 
 That it should have been superior to its predecessors was 
 only in accordance with the natural progress of man’s genius, 
 but its chief attraction was the introduction of totally new 
 features, such as the “ Park,” with its foreign denizens and 
 habitations, and the 44 Gallery of the History of Labour,” 
 illustrating the various phrases through which human industry 
 has gradually passed, from the rude age of stone to the present 
 period of refinement. 
 
 We might perhaps, on former occasions, by viewing the 
 products of various nations, and calling to our aid what we 
 had heard or read respecting them, conceive some idea of 
 their manners and customs, but never had we before such an 
 opportunity of studying their every-day life in its most minute 
 details. Without undertaking long and perilous journeys, 
 without running the risk of being frozen in the North, or 
 melted in the South ; we have seen the Russian drive his 
 
 B 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 3 
 
 and comprehensive. Fine Arts, Industry, Agriculture, Horti¬ 
 culture, all huddled together were too much at once. People 
 who had but a limited time at their disposal to visit it, were 
 literally bewildered, and saw nothing. Each of those branches 
 would have made a complete Exhibition of itself at different 
 periods, and such will probably be the scheme adopted, if, as I 
 believe, the experiment is repeated in a few years. Many people, 
 it is true, pretend that this will positively be the last International 
 Exhibition, but the same was said on former occasions, and 
 I see no reason why the rising generation should not wish 
 to renew the contest. 
 
 Be this as it may, and doubting whether it will be my lot to 
 witness another Exhibition, I have made it a point to study this 
 one in all its bearings. In .order to be compelled, in a manner, 
 to examine it thoroughly, I undertook to write a description 
 of it, for two newspapers, the Courrier de FEurope and the 
 Patrie . These articles, for which I received the valuable 
 assistance of several French and foreign Commissioners, and 
 of some of the exhibitors, I published in Paris in the form of 
 a book, under the title of “ Souvenirs de l’Exposition,” with 
 numerous engravings, principally borrowed from the excellent 
 Illustrated Catalogue, issued by Mr. S. C. Hall, in the Art 
 Journal, and dedicated to H. M. the Emperor of the French. 
 
 It sis an English version of this work which I am now 
 offering to the public, with the hope that it may recall to those 
 who have seen the Exhibition, some of its salient points, and 
 give some faint idea of its marvels to such as have not had 
 the good fortune of viewing this great International Peace 
 Tournament. 
 
 E. RIMMEL 
 
 \st January , 1868 . 
 
4 8 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 long distances, by means of subterranean canals, where it 
 cannot be distilled on the spot. 
 
 Champonnois’ centrifugal Beetroot cutter. 
 
 Beetroot is largely manufactured into sugar in France, an 
 industry which owes its origin to the continental blocus 
 during the First Empire, when a substitute had to be found 
 for the no longer procurable sugar-cane. Farinaux-Boudet 
 of Lille show a large pan for baking this beetroot sugar. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 49 
 
 Cail & Co, have effected great improvements in their ma¬ 
 chinery for making cane-sugar, such as rollers, cutters, presses, 
 pans, &c. 
 
 The manufactory of aerated waters, the consumption of 
 which is daily increasing, has given rise to some very ingenious 
 machines, among which we shall mention that of Mr. Cazau- 
 bon, with a wire-guard to protect workmen against explosions 
 caused by the introduction of carbonic acid ; and that of 
 
 D 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 117 
 
 Charles V. at the Monastery of St. Just, by Robert-Fleury, 
 father of the latter artist, is an excellent illustration of the 
 romantic school, of which he was one of the first apostles. 
 
 The Prodigal Child, -by Dubufe, is a picture in three acts ; 
 there are some, no doubt, who find the second act the most 
 agreeable. 
 
 The paintings of Leleux are very spirited and of a true 
 colour*, his Funeral in Britanny is an excellent illustration of 
 the habits of old Armorica. 
 
 We may pay the same compliment to Jules Breton and 
 Millet’s scenes of rustic life. Their heroes are not Watteau 
 shepherds with satin vests and ribboned crooks, but true pea¬ 
 sants roughly dressed, and bespattered with mud from top to 
 toe. 
 
 The Sisters of Charity, by Mrs. Henrietta Browne, which we 
 admired so much in 1862 show again here their saintly 
 faces and the suffering child lying helplessly in their lap, 
 with its fevered limbs and languishing upturned eyes. 
 
 Forbidden Fruit by Toulmouche, is a charming scene de 
 genre. Some curious young ladies are eagerly devouring the 
 pages of an unallowed book, while another, fearing intrusion, 
 is keeping watch at the library door. 
 
 Let us also notice The Osteria, by Baron, full of Italian brio, 
 Old Women at Prayer, by Tony Robert-Fleury ; Sea bathing at 
 Etretat, an amusing sketch by Poitevin ; an enticing Dubarry 
 by Caraud ; and hunting scenes by Troyon. 
 
 Among the landscape painters we shall mention Rous¬ 
 seau, who transports us from Fontainebleau to the plains of 
 Poland; Lambinet who makes us travel with him on the course 
 of the Yvette ; Daubigny by turns cheerful and severe ; and 
 
I2 4 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 equestrian statue ot Charlemagne, clothed in a mantle, and 
 crowned. It was shown in olden tim£s at the Cathedral of 
 Metz, during the service said on the anniversary of the death 
 of this sovereign. 
 
 The Middle Ages offer us statuary, furniture, bronzes, 
 coins, seals, jewellery, arms, manuscripts, inlaid enamels, 
 pottery, tapestry, and beautiful sculpture in ivory; it is the pe¬ 
 riod of diptyques , trlptyques, andpolyptyqties , all works of patience 
 which modern art merely loqks upon as a loss of time. 
 
 The miniatures on parchment are as bright in colour as if 
 the artist had but just traced them. We shall mention among 
 other specimens the psalter of Bonne de Luxembourg, wife 
 of King John, who died in the year 13 49 ; it contains the 
 legend of the three living and the three dead; the annexed page 
 shows the three living riding ; the three dead are on the oppo¬ 
 site page'in the original. 
 
 We also remark in this room a magnificent polyptyque, re¬ 
 presenting Christ and the Virgin surrounded by saints, the 
 shrine of St. Taurin, a curious relic of the thirteenth century, 
 of chased silver inlaid with rubies and emeralds, and a very 
 complete series of weights and measures of the period. 
 
 In the collection of the Renaissance, we find with the pro¬ 
 ductions of the Middle Ages perfected by progress, new 
 industries, such as clocks, glass, bindings, &c. There 
 also the ceramic art really commences ; there we find the 
 tankards, salt-cellars and cups of the Oiron manufactory, 
 known as the Henry the Second’s ware; a little further 
 are Bernard de Palissy’s celebrated vases, and the admir¬ 
 able enamels of Leonard Limousin, Pierre Reymond and 
 Courteys. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 1 39 
 
 oranges, tamarinds, banana figs, goyaves, pine-apples, cactus 
 fruits, angola peas, &c. 
 
 Martinique is celebrated for its liqueurs , and Messrs. Salle, 
 Toulouse, Eyma, &c., exhibit some tempting samples, 
 bearing the name of acacia, noyau, karukera, cocoa, coffee, 
 vanilla, as well as some preserves of goyaves, mangues, 
 sapotilles, &c. 
 
 The coffee plantations in those two islands have much 
 suffered of late, but the quality remains excellent and does 
 great credit to the growers, among whom we may mention 
 Messrs. Lubin, Lelorrain, Goux, Foucard, and Dubreuil. 
 
 The coca leaves (erythroxylon coca) shown by Mr. Belanger 
 have highly stimulating qualities ; it is said that those leaves 
 chewed every three hours enable a man to go without food 
 for three days, whilst maintaining him in a state of great 
 muscular activity and personal comfort, preserving him at 
 the same time from the depressing influence of the climate. 
 
 The variety of woods produced by the two sister-islands 
 is very great, and some of those are much sought after by 
 cabinet-makers for their beautiful colours and capricious 
 veins. Cotton is also cultivated to some extent in Guadelupe. 
 
 The staple productions of Guyana are about the same as 
 those of Martinique and Guadelupe, if we add to them 
 annatto which is exported thence in large quantities. 
 
 That Colony yields also numerous fancy woods, and me¬ 
 dicinal, aromatic and industrial substances. Among the 
 latter we may cite india-rubber, gutta-percha, and balata 
 gum, a sort of intermediate between the two, partaking of 
 the properties of both. 
 
 We find-likewise in Guyana some cloth made from the 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 149 
 
 rams which serve to raise water from rivers, springs, or wells, 
 and distribute it all over a house ; or to feed fountains, and 
 cascades in a pleasure garden. 
 
 Ganneron’s Churn. 
 
 The art of tending vines is a very important one in France, 
 and above forty exhibitors show their different systems. As 
 however, grapes are never expected to ripen in England, at 
 least in the open air, it would not much interest our readers, 
 were we to explain how vines are to be treated. 
 
 There were sundry exhibitions of live stock held in this 
 Island during the season, but it would be quite out of our 
 province to attempt to describe them. Apiculture was also 
 fairly represented by swarms of busy bees. 
 
 A great number of English and American agricultural 
 machines were shov/n here ; they will find their place in the 
 description .of their respective countries. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 175 
 
 being chiefly made of cocoa-nut oil which causes them to 
 leave a fetid smell on the skin ; their low price even is a 
 deception, for cocoa-nut oil absorbs twice as much alkali as 
 any other grease, and by the same reason, soap made with 
 it wastes away considerably quicker. That these cocoa-nut 
 abominations should work their way to some extent into public 
 consumption, is not to be wondered at, for there are more 
 buyers than judges, but that they should have found similar 
 favour in the eyes of the Jury, who rewarded them in 
 all countries where they found them, is only an instance 
 of that want of practical knowledge to which we have 
 already alluded. 
 
 Eau de Cologne is extensively represented in the Prus¬ 
 sian section, and deservedly too, as it is a national manu¬ 
 facture, albeit, all its materials are distilled in the South 
 of France. The numerous Farinas who inhabit the far- 
 famed “ City of Smells ,” and whose strifes cast those of the 
 Montagues and Capulets into the shade, have erected huge 
 temples, whence they dispense to all passers-by their odorous 
 gifts accompanied with genealogies which it would puzzle a 
 d’Hozier to fathom. 
 
 We shall now proceed to review the Fine Arts. 
 
 There are three principal schools of painting in Germany : 
 the Munich .school which is grafted on the Italian, the 
 Dasseldorff school which follows the traditions of the Flemish, 
 and the Berlin school which partakes of both. 
 
 Munich has justly been termed Modern Athens . Encou¬ 
 raged by a whole generation of artist Kings, sculpture and 
 painting have united in endowing this city with a host of 
 master-pieces. The Glyptothek, Pinacothek, Maximilianeum 
 
178 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Agreeing this time with the Jury, we shall award the first 
 place to Knaus, the genre painter. His Conjuring scene in a 
 barn is really a master-piece. The sly face of the wizard 
 who turns a flock of birds out of a countryman’s hat, the 
 wondering looks of the audience, the fright of an old woman 
 who thinks these must be the doings of the Evil one, are all 
 rendered with the utmost humour and truth. We also have 
 from the same artist an old invalid, two boys playing at cards, 
 and a young girl drowned in flowers, which are all highly 
 commendable. 
 
 We find here an old acquaintance, Schlesinger’s Five senses , 
 which we admired at the. Salon some five years ago. His 
 Bohemian Camp is also of a good colour. Lasch of Dussel- 
 dorfF has two pretty pictures : The Grandfather s fete and the 
 Return from the Kermesse; in the latter, the attitude of a young 
 swain escorting his lady-love and making vain attempts to 
 appear sober is highly ludicrous. 
 
 The dispute between Luther and Dr. Eck is an historical 
 painting of considerable merit. The artist, Julius Hiibner of 
 Leipzig, has chosen the moment when George the Bearded 
 hurls at the head of the reformer this crushing argument: 
 “ May the plague stifle you.” 
 
 We are surprised to find no “ Battle of Sadowa,” but as a 
 compensation we have several Takings of D'uppel. One is by 
 Camphausen of DiisseldorfF, and two others form part of a 
 series of six on the same subject by E. Hunter. 
 
 We shall mention in conclusion as very creditable pictures : 
 Hockbeck’s Monks driven from their convent; Willich’s Sleep¬ 
 ing Venus; Fischer’s Tyrolese Wedding , and a Bridal Procession 
 by Kockert. 
 
201 
 
 THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 SWEDEN, NORWAY AND DENMARK. 
 
 We will begin by visiting the house of Gustavus Vasa, this 
 quaint chalet with a winding external staircase and a coating 
 of dark wooden shells, which give it a stamp of picturesque 
 originality. 
 
 The Swedes have had the good taste not to adorn this 
 chalet with elegant furniture, but have filled it with a quantity 
 of articles which bring to the mind the origin of their popular 
 hero, and the love he bore to his country. 
 
 Here for instance is the model of a national school, founded 
 by Vasa, and successively improved by Gustavus-Adolphus 
 and Charles XII., and lastly by Bernadotte and his dynasty ; 
 the children of both sexes are brought up together and receive 
 the same instruction in reading, writings geography, universal 
 history, natural history, arithmetic, weights and measures, See. 
 till the age of twelve years, when they are separated ; the 
 girls are made to occupy themselves in household manage¬ 
 ment, and the boys are taught a trade. It has been noticed 
 that this contact in early life, and this uniform education tend 
 in after life to render the intercourse between the sexes more 
 agreable, and the union of married life of longer duration. 
 
 The Swedes, like all northern people, have turned 
 their special attention to the question of heating the interior 
 
2 12 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Here is a machine invented by one NordikofF, of Peters¬ 
 burg, for drawing lottery tickets. Are we to class this among 
 
 Kirghiz Tartars’ Tent. 
 
 improvements ? After all, lotteries are perhaps a matter of 
 necessity for some nations, and where they have been 
 abolished, people are fain to console themselves by specu¬ 
 lating on the Exchange. 
 
 In the very next case we observe a collection of cereals 
 from the Agricultural Society of Moscow ; what a singu¬ 
 lar contrast : the good Goddess and bli?id Fortune elbowing 
 each other in friendly contest ; we avow our preference for 
 Ceres, she is less inconstant in her favours. 
 
 A little further are shown samples of every kind of grain 
 
226 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Habitant of Campidano. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION, 
 
 2 43 
 
 Underneath there is a Tunisian cafe where coffee is served, 
 in true Oriental style, with more grounds than liquor, while in¬ 
 digenous musicians, crouching on a divan, drawl out a mono¬ 
 tonous song accompanying themselves with their primitive 
 
 X 
 
 Tunisian Perfume burners and goulabdans. 
 
 instruments, the hand, a guitar with four strings, which they 
 scrape with a piece of tortoiseshell, the rebab , a violin with 
 two strings which .they play like a violoncello, the darbonka , a 
 kind of drum formed of a skin stretched on a stone jar, and a 
 tambourine called tar . 
 
 From Tunis to China there is but a step. The Chinese 
 house is well got up ; the painting and sculpture are very 
 
 Q 2 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 45 
 
 By their side, and to serve as a contrast, we find the beds 
 of plaited leather used by the wandering Arabs, the wooden 
 pillows on which the Nubians rest their head, as did the 
 ancient Egyptians, the rush and palm leaf mats of Assouan 
 and Isive, and the humble potteries of the Soudan. 
 
 Egypt exhibits very few carpets, and none remarkable 
 save one of violet velvet embroidered with gold, which 
 is used when reciting prayers. We hope that those who re¬ 
 cline on it will close their eyes while engaged in their devo¬ 
 tions, for this rich material is not calculated to inspire them 
 with the spirit of humility preached by the prophet. 
 
 Perfumery is an object of first necessity for these people, 
 and ranks with them as next only to food ; but here also we 
 find a great contrast ; by the side of fine cosmetics, such as 
 kohl, a black powder, which is employed by the modern as it 
 was by the ancient Egyptians for the purpose of making 
 the eye appear larger, and adding to its brilliancy ; henn'e , 
 which is used to give a roseate hue to the fingers, and 
 schnouda to raise a transient blush on the cheek, we see the 
 dilka or ostrich grease, with which the Nubians anoint their 
 whole body until it shines like a well polished boot; the 
 crocodile glands, which do service for musk in the Sennaar, 
 and the aromatized cocoa oil, which is carried about by 
 wandering tribes in an ivory horn. 
 
 The show of harness is very complete; there we find camel 
 pack saddles for officers $ horse and mule saddles in the 
 osmanli and marcha style ; gourds and sword belts such as the 
 Arabs use •, Wahabite harness made of yellow leather and wool; 
 and a state saddle ornamented with glass beads and cornucopias, 
 which is used on festival days by the Bedouins of Bakkara. 
 
252 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 their neighbours to make us acquainted with their products. 
 The Tycoon, and the Governments of Satsouma and of 
 Fizen have cooperated in forming a very curious exhibition. 
 
 Japanese porcelain and bronzes have been long known and 
 celebrated in Europe, but never had we seen such fine 
 specimens as those sent by Fizen. Their arms are also very 
 remarkable, and the cases into which are deposited the two 
 sabres of unequal length, which form the indispensable 
 complement of Japanese costume, are very elegant. Their 
 fans, lanthorns, pipes, perfume-burners, and cosmetic boxes 
 for women, are also worthy of attention. 
 
 The Fine Arts are represented by a sort of coloured basso- 
 relievo, which is very original. 
 
 The two warriors sent by the Taishiou of Satsouma, cause 
 a great attraction. Not only are their costumes and trappings 
 in the quaintest style, but they complete their accoutrement 
 with a frightful mask, rendering the whole a most hideous 
 sight. Even horses in that country seem to assume extraor¬ 
 dinary shapes, so as to be on a level with their masters. 
 
 Last but not least in Japanese curiosities, we shall mention 
 those wonderful paper stuffs, out of which they make dresses 
 and even pocket handkerchiefs. We fancy a paper dress 
 Would be rather uncomfortable in a shower rain, and as to 
 paper handkerchiefs, we can only suppose that in that happy 
 country, people are never afflicted with a cold in the head. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 283 
 
 that we expected to find the manufacturers more anxious to 
 introduce their wares to the notice of continental purchasers. 
 The most extensive show is made by Messrs. Mappin, 
 Webb & Co., of Oxford Street and Cornhill, whose produc¬ 
 tions are undoubtedly the best in this line. We notice in par¬ 
 
 ticular a superb centre-piece fit to grace the table of Royalty, and 
 some highly finished penknives with exquisitely carved handles. 
 
 Some good cutlery is also exhibited by Morton and by 
 Brookes & Crookes ; and some fine plated ware by Shaw & 
 Fisher, of Sheffield. 
 
 The display of table and toilet glass is one of the most at¬ 
 tractive and creditable in the British section. The principal 
 aim of French, German and Italian makers seems to be to give 
 to their glass the most varied and lively colours ; the British 
 makers on the contrary only seek to imitate the purity and 
 brilliancy of crystal, and in this they are generally successful. 
 
 Messrs. Pellatt, Phillips & Pearce, Dobson, H. Greene, 
 and J. Green, of London, and Millar 8 i Co., of Edinburgh, are 
 the chief exhibitors of this high class pseudo-crystal. Their 
 principal pieces are either richly cut or engraved, not with 
 acids, as is done abroad, but by the slow operation of the 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 293 
 
 complete chemical cabinets, consisting in a collection of all 
 materials and utensils necessary for the pursuit of this interest¬ 
 ing science. From the Bovs Laboratory at 12s. 6d., containing 
 54 chemical preparations and 30 pieces of useful apparatus, to 
 the Student's eight-guinea cabinet , combining all re-agents and 
 instruments required for qualitative analysis, all the various 
 stages of learning are taken into account and provided for. 
 
 Mr. Statham shows also a series of electrical machines and 
 galvanic batteries which appear very carefully made and 
 some well-finished optical instruments including an apparatus 
 for dissolving views. As some of our readers may not know 
 
 Statham’s Dissolving View Apparatus. 
 
 how these are produced, we illustrate here this apparatus 
 which consists of a pair of phantasmagoria lanterns placed 
 side by side, but having their axes slightly converged, so that, 
 when lighted and ready for use, the illuminated disc of each 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 297 
 
 ley and Statham ; and of essential oils by S. Perks and W. 
 Ransom, both of Hitchin. No Mitcham distillers have sent 
 specimens of their oil of lavender, which is to be regretted, 
 as it is undoubtedly the finest in the world. 
 
 We feel here somewhat embarrassed. It is customary 
 when in an Assembly, a question personal to the President is 
 about to be discussed, that he should vacate the chair during 
 that time. We wish we could, in like manner, pass on the 
 pen to some confrere to describe our personal show ; this being 
 impracticable we shall simply state that besides our stand in 
 the Perfumery Court we have erected in the Park a small 
 cottage wherein we exhibit a steam-still at work, besides 
 models of the different apparatus, and samples of the various 
 substances, used in the manufacture of perfumery. We have 
 also some exotic flowers received in glycerine from Brazil 
 and the Philippine Islands, 
 including the celebrated 
 Ihlang Ihlang (Unona Odo - 
 ratissimo ), which have pre¬ 
 served their fragrance, form 
 and colour in a remarkable 
 manner, and some alligator 
 glands brought us from 
 Central America by a friend, 
 
 Mr. Edward Grey, and said 
 to bear a strong resembl¬ 
 ance to musk, although, in 
 our opinion, their flavour 
 
 is much more like that of Ihlang Ihlang (Unona Odoratissima). 
 stale jishy a perfume which is not ever likely to become 
 popular. 
 
300 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 great perfection and regularity. We remark in particular 
 the Florence lock-stitch machine which, by meansof what is 
 termed the reversable feed , enables the operator to sew either 
 way without stopping or turning the work, and Newton, 
 Wilson & Co’s four machines designated under the fanciful 
 names of “Dorcas,” “Penelope,” “Queen Mab,” and 
 “ Cleopatra.” The “ Penelope,” which only costs five 
 guineas, is a powerful machine, making five stitches to each 
 revolution of the handle. 
 
 In the Machine Gallery, where these are placed, we 
 observe some very interesting specimens of machinery both 
 still and in motion. 
 
 It would take volumes to describe fully all these inventions 
 of man’s genius ; we must be content with a mere mention 
 of the most remarkable. 
 
 Among these we shall class Stephenson’s 2,012th loco¬ 
 motive engine, and Kitson’s 1,423rd, the mail carriages 
 of the London and Northwestern Railway, with excellent 
 arrangements for taking up, sorting and leaving letters on 
 the road, Jones & Levick’s coal-cutting machine and air-com¬ 
 pressing engine, Bowden’s brick-making machine, Porter’s 
 apparatus for extracting gas out of coal, oil, tallow, and 
 other substances, Appleby Brothers’ steam-pump and donkey 
 engine, Gwynne & Co.’s portable and fixed engines, turbines 
 and pumps, Tangye Brothers’ lifting jacks, pulley blocks 
 and punching machines, Paul, Matthew & Co.’s windlass, 
 Robinson’s machine for making mouldings, Charles Powis’ 
 sawing machinery, James Powis’ wood-cutting machine, and 
 the Whitworth Company’s splendid machine tools, including 
 
310 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 the French department, and the two seem engaged in the 
 dialogue consigned in one of Poutschkine’s Russian fables. 
 
 I am all, said gold, 
 
 I am all, said iron ; 
 
 I will buy all, said gold, 
 
 I will take all, said iron ! 
 
 We shall not attempt a description ot the Manchester 
 
 Shand & Macon’s Fire-engine. 
 
 cotton-prints, Huddersfield cloths, Leeds woollens, Derby 
 silks, Leicester hosiery, Paisley shawls, Coventry ribbons, &c. 
 However important these are as articles of commerce, we do 
 not think that any details respecting them would interest the 
 majority of our readers. We shall treat with the same 
 brevity Irish poplins, of which a good show is made by Pirn 
 and Fry, of Dublin, and Irish linen which is principally ex¬ 
 hibited "By tile Chamber of Commerce of Belfast, in a case 
 where about twenty manufacturers are placed together. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 327 
 
 wax-models of tropical fruits which seem to have come from 
 the Garden of Eden. 
 
 Fruit of all kinds, in coat. 
 
 Rough, or smooth rind, or bearded husk, or shell, 
 
 Lagos, a new settlement on the West Coast of Africa, and 
 one likely to become very important in after-time, is only 
 represented by a varied and interesting collection of llativ^ 
 products and manufactures collected by Mr. Edward Sin> 
 monds during a three years’ stay. One of the most curious 
 objects is a coarsely carved franie containing a small bit of 
 looking-glass in which the dusky beauties of the country 
 probably delight in contemplating their well greased face. 
 
 The Cape Colony and Natal send a well classified assort¬ 
 ment of cereals of all kinds, preserved meat and fruit, wines, 
 spiritsj sugar, tobacco, wool, cotton, hemp, flax, silk, woodsy 
 barks, filaments; copper and iron ores, manganese, coal, 
 ivory, ostrich feathers, sponge, cochineal, and a variety df 
 plants including Bosches tea {Cyclopea). 
 
 As native manufactures we may mention the assegais, clubs 
 and shields in use among the Basutos, Bushmen’s bows and 
 poisoned arrows, and Kaffir pottery, hats, head-rings, baskets, 
 bead-work, pipes and snuff-boxes, some of which are of very 
 quaint workmanship. We also recommend to our fair readers 
 a penguin skin table-cover, a vulture down muff and a duck 
 of a bonnet made of snake skin. 
 
 To attempt to enumerate all the treasures contained in the 
 Indian court would carry us far beyond the scope of this 
 work. It is a centre of attraction for numerous classes ; the 
 ladies are enchanted with the shawls, the gold-striped gauzes, 
 the bright coloured carpets, the beautiful inlaid- boxes, the 
 
338 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, 
 
 Ganymede, Veyrat 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 89 
 
 Flagon, Rudolphi 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 90 
 
 Cup, Fanniere 
 
 - 
 
 , - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 90 
 
 Renaissance Jewel box, Coffignon - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 9 1 
 
 Egyptian Vase, Lemaire 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 ' - 
 
 
 92 
 
 Bronze Clock, Houdebine 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 93 
 
 Bronze Candelabrum, Lerolle - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 94 
 
 Bronze Flower Vase, Matifat 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 95 
 
 Lampbearer, Boy 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 96 
 
 Lampbearer, Durenne 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 96 
 
 Clock, Lefevre 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 97 
 
 Fountain, Barbezat 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 97 
 
 Clock, Leroy & Son 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 *- 
 
 
 98 
 
 Watch, Leroy & Son 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 99 
 
 Clock, Oudin 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - . 
 
 
 100 
 
 Clock, Detouche 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 IOI 
 
 Lamp, Schlossmacher 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 102 
 
 Flagon, Thiery 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 103 
 
 Aluminium bronze Chalice, P. Morin & Co. 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 103 
 
 The Empress Josephine, by Dubray 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 112 
 
 Bonne de Luxembourg’s Psalter 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 123 
 
 Vase, Bernard de Palissy 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 125 
 
 Enamel, Leonard Limousin 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 126 
 
 Rouen Tankard 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 127 
 
 Moustiers Ewer 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 128 
 
 Fontenoy Vase, Sevres 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 129 
 
 Nutmeg - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 140 
 
 Cloves - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 140 
 
 Indian Incense burner 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 141 
 
 Cochinchinese Perfume-burner 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 . 
 
 142 
 
 Peltier’s Hay-making Machine 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 H 5 
 
 Peltier’s Horse Rake 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 146 
 
 Peltier’s Chaff Machine 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 147 
 
 Ganneron’s Clod Crusher 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 148 
 
 Ganneron’s Churn 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 149 
 
 Cast-iron Railing, Pequihs & Pecqueur 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 152 
 
 Wurtemberg Paper Machine - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 167 
 
 Costumes of North Germany 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 170 
 
 Arm-chair, Lovinson 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 171 
 
 Tea pot, Wagner 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 172 
 
 Cast iron Cup, Van Stalberg - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 173 
 
 Berlin Porcelain Vase 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 173 
 
 Dresden Porcelain Vase 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 173 
 
iv. 
 
 ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 METALLIC PEN MAKER TO THE QUEEN, 
 
 Begs to inform the Commercial World, Scholastic Institutions, and the 
 Public generally, that hy a novel application of his unrivalled machinery for 
 making Steel Pens, he has introduced a 
 
 3S&T £3 jog, ¥7! gs; 
 
 of his useful productions, which, for 
 
 EXCELLENCE OF TEMPER, QUALITY OF MATERIAL, 
 
 AND, ABOVE ALL, 
 
 CHEAPNESS I3ST PRICE, 
 
 Must ensure universal approbation, and defy competition. 
 
 Each Pen bears the impress of his name as a guarantee of quality; they 
 
 are put up in Boxes containing 
 one gross each, with Label 
 outside, and the fac-simile of 
 his signature. 
 
 At the request of numerous persons engaged in Tuition, J. G. has 
 introduced his 
 
 WARRANTED SCHOOL & PUBLIC PENS, 
 
 Which are especially adapted to their use, being of different degrees of 
 flexibility, and with fine, medium, and broad points, suitable for the various 
 kinds of writing taught in Schools. 
 
 SOLD RETAIL BY ALL STATIONERS AND BOOKSELLERS- 
 
 Merchants and Wholesale Dealers can he supplied at the Works , 
 
 Graham Street, Birmingham; at 91, John Street, New York; 
 and at 37, Gracechurch Street, London. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. II 
 
 higher than the others. We find then in succession the zones 
 of raw produce, clothing, furniture, materials for liberal arts, 
 fine arts, and lastly the Gallery of the History of Labour, 
 which is separated by a portico from the central garden ; a 
 large pavilion raised in the middle of the latter contains a 
 collection of the coins and weights of all nations. 
 
 The enclosed ground surrounding the palace is transformed 
 into a beautiful park, of which we will give a description in 
 our next chapter. 
 
 Farming implements and objects relating to agriculture are 
 chiefly shown in the Island of Billancourt, near Meudon. 
 
 The opening of the Exhibition took place on the 1st of 
 April, as was announced, although, as is always the case, the 
 arrangements were not half completed. 
 
 It was a very simple affair, the Emperor and Empress 
 walked round the building, saluting as they passed the 
 Foreign Commissioners who had placed themselves before 
 their different sections. Mr. Van den Brock represented 
 Holland •, Mr. Dupre, Belgium ; Mr. Herzog, Prussia; the 
 President of Steinbeis, Southern Germany ; Chevalier de 
 Schoeffer, Austria ; Mr. Feer Herzog, Switzerland ; Mr. de 
 Echeverria, Spain *, M. de Santos, Portugal ; Mr. Calou, 
 Denmark ; Mr. de Fanhehjelm, Sweden and Norway ; M. 
 Robert de Thai, Russia; Mr. Giordano, Italy ; Viscount de 
 Chousy, Rome; Mr. Chauvin, Turkey ; Mr. Alessandri, 
 Roumania ; Mr. de Lesseps, Egypt ; M. Graham, Siam *, Mr. 
 Beckwith, the United States, Count de Penedo, Brazil * 
 Mr. Herreau, the American Republics ; Mr. Owen, Great 
 Britain. 
 
 The great ceremony was the distribution of awards, which 
 
*4 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 their seats, the orchestra strikes up Rossini’s hymn, composed 
 for the occasion. A religious silence prevails, and all ears 
 are strained to lose nothing of this last effusion of the 
 Swan of Pesaro. But alas ! disappointment is soon depicted 
 on the faces of the listeners, for this long expected piece, 
 dedicated to Napoleon III. and his valiant people , falls very 
 short of the proverbial excellence of the Swans last song , 
 and seems quite unworthy of the author of Guillaume Tell and 
 Semiramide. To a long dull recitative succeeds a noisy 
 chorus, and the whole winds up with the tolling of bells and 
 booming of cannons. Well might the maestro terminate his 
 programme with the favourite expression of the fun-loving 
 Parisian street-boys, Excusez du peul This, and the comical 
 mixture he introduces into it of high-priests and vivandieres , 
 lead one to believe that the facetious Italian intended the 
 whole as a practical joke. 
 
 The words are quite in keeping with the music. Soldiers 
 and wounds, deaths and battle-fields, are the appropriate 
 subjects chosen to illustrate the festival of union and peace. 
 
 Mr. Rouher having delivered a long address in inaudible 
 tones; the Emperor pronounces the following remarkable 
 speech in a sharp, clear voice, which is heard in every 
 part of the Hall. 
 
 “ After an interval of twelve years, I come for the second 
 time to distribute rewards to those who have distinguished 
 themselves in the works which enrich nations, embellish life, 
 and soften manners. 
 
 “ The poets of antiquity used to celebrate the solemn 
 games in which the different people of Greece came to dispute 
 the racing prize. What would they say now, could they 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 33 
 
 We now cross the covered way which separates us from 
 the second quarter, passing on our way two fine equestrian 
 statues, one representing Charlemagne and the other Dom 
 
 rJrh 
 
 Flower-stand and Fountain, by Clovis. 
 
 D 
 
?8 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS Op 
 
 Peasants of Alsace. 
 
98 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 tries where the longitude is different ; the seconds are 
 
 Clock, Leroy & Son. 
 
 independent, and with double hands, which are made to 
 stop or go by pressing a spring, a valuable arrangement for 
 making observations ; this fairy watch shows besides the 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 IO 4 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE MATERIALS FOR LIBERAL ARTS. 
 
 ' 
 
 This rather vague title comprises articles of the most varied 
 nature, from literature to false teeth, from musical to surgical 
 instruments. 
 
 At the entry of the gallery in the grand vestibule stand 
 two pavilions ornamented with rich hangings ; one belongs to 
 Hachette & Co., whose name is of more than European 
 renown ; the other to Marne & Son, of Tours, to whom was 
 awarded one of the grand prizes. These two houses show 
 their magnificent editions of the Bible , Dante , Architecture de 
 la Renaissance , &c. 
 
 The Imperial printing-office worthily fulfils its mission 
 which is to encourage and execute fine typography, and to 
 print gratuitously works of science and literature, when, in 
 consequence of their special and exceptional nature, they 
 would not find a remunerative sale ; their Evangiles, Histoire de 
 Cesar , Palais de Fontainebleau , containing beautiful plates, and 
 their Livre des Rois t (Schah-Maneh), a poem by Aboul-Kasim- 
 Firousi, translated by Mr. Mohl, may serve as patterns to all 
 printers. 
 
 The distinctive merit of the Imperial printing-office, how¬ 
 ever, is that of its graphic types for which it is probably 
 unrivalled. The immense variety of foreign alphabets which 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 ! 33 
 
 special notice ; they are the alfa , the cliss and the dwarf palm. 
 Alfa is the tough grass which covers the dusty plains of 
 Spain, and is called there esparto; it serves to make sandals, 
 mats, sacks, &c., and can also be turned into paper pulp. Diss 
 is generally used for the same purposes, but in barren locali¬ 
 ties it is given as fodder to cattle. From the dwarf palm they 
 extract those filaments known under the name of vegetable 
 hair . 
 
 Algeria, already famous in the time of the Romans for its 
 crops, produces a large quantity of corn, besides rye, barley, 
 oats, rice, maize, and a sort of millet named dour a by the 
 Arabs. A Chinese plant called sorgho , has lately been intro¬ 
 duced and yields an excellent alcohol, the residue of which 
 serves as food for cattle. 
 
 The climate of this country is particularly favourable to 
 aromatics, and flowers and plants are largely grown there for 
 perfumery purposes. Mr. Simonnet, a chemist at Algiers, 
 was one of the first to distil an Essential Oil from Rose Ger¬ 
 anium ( Geranium capitatum) which grows wild in great 
 abundance. This essence forms still the chief one among 
 the perfumery materials, but others are also extracted from 
 rose, orange, jasmine and cassie ( Acacia farnesiana) , although 
 is must be acknowledged they do not equal in fineness thbse 
 made at Grasse or Nice. 
 
 Coral is found on the Algerian coasts, near Oran, whence 
 it is brought to Italy and carved and shaped into a thousand 
 different graceful forms. 
 
 The tobacco trade is a very flourishing one in Algeria, 
 principally owing to the perfect liberty which it enjoys. Every 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 I 4 I 
 
 Chinese are so fond. They are composed of a lichen ( usnea ), 
 and are only considered in perfection when they have been 
 used by several generations of birds, each depositing therein 
 its share of edible mucus. They are found in nooks of rocks, 
 and their gathering is a somewhat perilous operation. 
 
 Among the many colouring materials found in Reunion, 
 we remark two that might be turned to very useful account, 
 morinda roots which give a fine red, and kassa-kassa leaves, 
 which yield a splendid yellow. 
 
 The French Madagascar colonies comprise Mayotte, Nossi- 
 Be, and Ste. Marie. Rice, tobacco, sesamum and indigo, are 
 the principal productions, but the exports have been very 
 limited hitherto, owing to the unhealthy nature of the climate. 
 
 The French possessions in India are now reduced 
 to Pondichery, Yanaon, Mahe, Chandernagore, and the 
 Surat factory. Their exhibi¬ 
 tion consists in rice, indigo, areca 
 and cachu-nuts, essential oils, pre¬ 
 serves, timber and fancy woods, me¬ 
 dicinal plants, jagre, a sort of sugar 
 largely used by the natives, and 
 made by evaporating the sap of the 
 cocoa tree with the borassusjlabelli- 
 formis , textile fibres, and tobacco 
 prepared by drying it over the stalks 
 of the paspalum frumentaceum which 
 gives it a peculiar flavour. 
 
 As to native productions we see 
 a richly embroidered bayadere dress, Indian Incense-burner, 
 
 a cloth carpet of fantastical] design, having the Trimourti , 
 
182 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Apollo seems a favourite God with the Viennese ; we see 
 a huge pyramid of stearic candles exhibited by a Company 
 trading under his name, and a little further we find him again 
 represented in a mosaic, made of different coloured heads of 
 
 Bronze Clock, Dziedzinski & Hanusch. 
 
 lucifer-matches, a somewhat dangerous piece of art to rub 
 against, by the bye. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 193 
 
 from A. de Respeldiza, who obtained a gold medal ; some 
 Girona wines grouped on a curious stand made of corks ; 
 some Catalonian wines with a coarse tarry taste, and some 
 Malaga wines, imitating, like those of Cette, the flavour of 
 all renowned growths. 
 
 The cork trade, of which Spain has almost the monopoly, 
 is represented by Girona and Barcelona. The samples sent 
 by the Catalonian Agricultural Institute of San-Isidro appear 
 the finest. 
 
 Esparto , a tough grass which is very abundant in Spain, 
 and which we have already mentioned, whilst speaking of 
 Algeria, is manufactured into a variety of articles including 
 mats, blinds, baskets, and a sort of sandals called alpargatas, 
 which are of Moorish origin, apd are used by all the lower 
 classes. Murcia and Carthagena are the seats of this industry 
 which principally supplies the home market. 
 
 Of Spanish olive-oil we cannot speak in laudatory terms ; 
 the very sight of this thick, greenish, viscous liquid, brings 
 back to our mind nauseous recollections of some meal eagerly 
 snatched-up at a road-side posada, a meal of which antique 
 eggs swimming in the aforesaid unsavoury product formed 
 the plat de resistance . The cause of this (to us) highly dis- 
 agreable taste and appearance, is simply that the olives are 
 heaped up and allowed to ferment before they are pressed, 
 in order that they may yield more oil. The Spaniards, it is 
 true, assign, another cause for this mode of proceeding, and 
 pretend that they adopt it to give more flavour to the oil, and 
 so it does, with a vengeance. 
 
 The exhibition of cereals does no credit to the rich soil of 
 Spain ; yet what splendid crops could be raised in the fertile, 
 
 N 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2I 5 
 
 Besides metals, Russia yields precious stones, of which we 
 see a collection sent from the Emperor’s museum, to which are 
 added some pearls fished on the coast of Finland. The latter 
 province also shows some handsome marbles and granites. 
 
 Tankard, Sasikoft. 
 
 Metals are principally worked at Toula, the Russian Bir- 
 
222 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 figures moving about on an ashy soil, between a row of 
 telegraphic posts, which are probably meant for trees. 
 
 The voyage of the Schiak (sic) of Persia , shows more talent 
 than orthography on the part of the paintei. The grouping 
 is good, and the aerial perspective excellent. 
 
 Three good mosaic pictures, the principal of which repre¬ 
 sents the Vierge h la chaise , form about all the meagre budget 
 of the Roman States, in the way of art. 
 
 Far more important pictures in mosaic are exhibited by 
 Dr. Salviati of Venice, whose name is justly celebrated in 
 England for the splendid works executed by him at Windsor, 
 Westminster Abbey and St. Paul’s. To the indefatigable 
 exertions of the learned Doctor is entirely owing the revival 
 of an art which, some centuries ago, had rendered Venice 
 famous, but which had been allowed to fall into decay. It 
 is in the Island of Murano, the ancient seat of this industry, 
 that Dr. Salviati has established his manufactory, and by dint of 
 indomitable perseverance he has succeeded in forming a staff 
 of artists who produce not only mosaics, but also this 
 quaintly shaped and coloured Venetian glass so prized by 
 amateurs. These modern imitations are in every respect 
 equal to the ancient models in lightness and brilliancy, 
 whilst their price does not exceed that of ordinary glass. 
 The great success obtained by the establishments Dr. Sal¬ 
 viati lately formed in London, proves how much the result 
 of his efforts is appreciated by the public, and the high 
 rewards he received at the Exhibition (a gold medal and the 
 order of the Legion of Honour), were certainly fully 
 deserved. 
 
 The Marquis de Ginori has done for the ceramic art what 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 225 
 
 jewels in gold or silver filigree, and Milan silk and woollen 
 shawls. The Italian costumes are also very interesting, as 
 may be seen from the specimens we have illustrated. 
 
 The exhibition of raw silk is quite complete. Bergamo, 
 Milan, Brescia, Sienna, Bologna, Ravenna, Como, Modena, 
 Florence, Genoa, and many other towns, send specimens of 
 what they produce. 
 
 An ingenious cellular isolating apparatus, by Del Prino, of 
 Alessandria, for rearing silk-worms, and avoiding the contact 
 which gives rise to diseases, spots and ill-shapes, shows the 
 cares bestowed on that operation in the country. 
 
 Italian machines are few and far between, but we find in 
 their stead flax and hemp of all qualities ; argentiferous lead 
 from Sardinia, one single block of which weighs upwards of 
 two tons and a half, and contains eighty per cent, of lead and 
 six per thousand of silver ; iron ores from the Island of Elba; 
 sulphur from Romagna and Sicily ; cereals from Lombardy ; 
 boric acid from Leghorn; wines from Asti, Capriata, Ama- 
 rena, Guarnaccia, Posilippo, and other places ; essential oils 
 of bergamot, orange and lemon from Calabria ; all the various 
 pastes which form the principal article of food for Italian 
 people, and preserves of every kind. 
 
 Among preserves, there is one which is not of a very appe¬ 
 tizing character, and yet it carried away one of the great 
 prizes. It is a preserve (horresco referens) of human flesh, 
 devised by Dr. Brunetti, of Padova. The learned doctor has 
 found means to impart to the remains of our frail humanity a 
 sort of second life ; here are arms, legs, hearts and lungs 
 which have all the appearance of vitality. There is among 
 
 p 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 2p 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND ROUMANIA. 
 
 Wishing to initiate us into their manner of living, the Turks 
 have constructed in the Park a mosque, a bath, and a kiosque, 
 thus illustrating the three chief occupations of Eastern life, 
 prayer, ablutions, and kief. 
 
 The mosque is a reduced copy of the green mosque, Techild - 
 jami, constructed at Broussa by Mohammed I., in the year 
 1412 of our era; After having passed through the vestibule, 
 where the faithful deposit their shoes, we come to a nave 
 wherein the light pours through the apertures of an elegant 
 minaret * at the end rises the mihrcib , placed to indicate th.e 
 direction of Mecca, towards which Mussulmen bend in adora¬ 
 tion * on the right is a kind of pulpit ( mimber ), where the 
 Iman recites verses of the Koran. 
 
 On either side of the vestibule are two small rooms, one 
 containing the fountain for ablutions ( Zebil ), and the other, 
 the clock indicating the legal hour of the five dally prayers. 
 
 The Turkish bath is now too well known in this country 
 to render it necessary to explain in which way one is stewed 
 by degrees until perfectly cooked. 
 
 The kiosque is a charming pavilion, such as One frequently 
 sees on the banks of the Bosphorus. The interior is lined 
 with softly padded and richly covered sofas •, in the centre a 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 233 
 
 Turkey was doubtless the cradle of carpets, and it is one 
 of the rare superiorities which she has maintained in the 
 midst of her industrial decline. There are four sorts of Tur¬ 
 kish carpets : sofralis , which have a rosace in the centre to in¬ 
 dicate where the table (sojra) is to be placed *, straits , which 
 are striped with six colours, white, violet, black, green, red 
 and yellow ; duchemes , made of short wool mixed with goat’s 
 hair, and manufactured in the tents of the nomad tribes of 
 Asia; and sidgad'es , which are imitations of the ancient 
 Persian carpets, and are used in mosques and as rugs. 
 
 The most curious, if not the finest of these specimens, is a 
 carpet from Broussa, representing the rearing of silk worms, 
 and, notwithstanding the Prophet’s prohibition, containing hu¬ 
 man figures. 
 
 Another very flourishing trade in the East, that paradise of 
 smokers, is the manufacture of pipes and all relating thereto. 
 
 The ingenuity of the Turks is constantly taxed to find 
 some new substances for the bowls or lules. In Constan¬ 
 tinople they prefer red earth; in Routschouk, black earth in¬ 
 laid with silver ; and in Trebizond they use wood. A great 
 deal of patience and labour is also bestowed on the making 
 of pipe stems either in ivory, ebony, mother-o’pearl or carved 
 wood* 
 
 Among other cities Djeddah sends some magnificent narg- 
 hillehs of solid silver, with very effective relief ornaments 
 either cut or stamped. 
 
 The ceramic art is not far advanced in the Ottoman Empire ; 
 the forms are original and not altogether devoid of taste, but 
 the material is open to great improvement; We may* how- 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 2/J.O 
 
 By the side of the Okel stands a model of the antique 
 Temple of Edfou. This contrast between ancient and modern 
 Egyptian architecture is very striking, and shows what a com¬ 
 plete change Mahometan ideas have effected in the style of 
 building, wiping out every tradition of the past. 
 
 The great Temple has been represented in miniature with 
 marvellous fidelity. The triumphal gate, the alley of sphinxes 
 and the internal and external decorations give a perfect idea 
 of the original. 
 
 After having inspected modern Egyptian artizans we now 
 see ancient labourers represented with the minuteness particu¬ 
 lar to their artists. Here are potters turning their wheel, 
 vintners pressing grapes, fishermen, sailors, ship-builders, &c., 
 all plying their divers occupations. 
 
 In the interior has been placed a very interesting museum, 
 contributed by the beautiful Boulak collection, and containing 
 several statues prior to the time of Phidias. We remark 
 among others those of Chephren, who constructed the second 
 pyramid, and of Queen Ameniritis, sister of Sobacon, founder 
 of the Ethiopian dynasty, who is represented holding a purse 
 in one hand and a whip in the other, which, we suppose, may 
 be translated with these words “ generous but severe.” 
 
 One of the most curious objects in this Museum is Queen 
 Aah-Hotep’s jewel-case, discovered at Thebes by Mr. Ma- 
 riette, the indefatigable explorer. It contains golden bracelets 
 ornamented with figures engraved on a turquoise-blue ground, 
 necklaces with symbolical signs and flowers, and a supple 
 chain of admirable workmanship, to which are suspended 
 three golden bees. 
 
 We also notice, as being very interesting, three gold hatchets 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 4 I 
 
 and six silver ones found in a royal tomb, a beautiful poniard 
 formed of four female heads, enriched with lapis-lazuli and 
 cornelian, a dark bronze blade covered with inscriptions 
 and inlaid with flowers, and a Queen’s diadem ornamented 
 with sphinxes. 
 
 We pass on to a palace with walls covered with hieroglyphs, 
 and pillars surmounted with lotus flowers, wherein are shown 
 the models of that great work, the Suez canal ; at the 
 entrance, a square obelisk of a semi-transparent substance 
 attracts the eye ; it is a block of rock-salt cut out of the 
 bottom of the Bitter lakes, a deposit made in ancient times by 
 the Red Sea. 
 
 On entering we find ourselves in a large room, the walls 
 of which are lined with specimens of natural history, in¬ 
 cluding some shells from the two seas, and some fossil 
 remains proceeding from the excavations. 
 
 On a long table in the centre of the room is laid a 
 plan of the Isthmus of Suez, a yellow strip through which 
 the canal runs its thin silver band. This immense sand- 
 waste is only relieved by the verdure-clad banks of the Nile, 
 and a few oasis represented by green spots here and there. 
 
 On the other side tables are displayed, on a large scale, cer¬ 
 tain portions of the canal, and the powerful draining machines 
 which were substituted to the fatiguing work of the fellahs . 
 To give a complete and more precise idea of th6 character and 
 importance of this remarkable enterprise, the company has 
 placed on the floor above a very fine panorama, which, with 
 its illusion of colour and perspective, enables the visitor to 
 travel in imagination from Port-Said to Suez. 
 
 It must not be thought, however, that the notion of establish- 
 
 £ 
 
American Farm-house. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 299 
 
 and the Earl of Dudley, and some important Companies, such 
 as the Low Moor Company, the Aberdare Coal Company, 
 the Birmingham Iron and Brass Tube Company, the Eagle 
 Iron Works (Wellington), the Bodringalt Coal Company 
 (Cardiff), the Lilleshall Company, the Monkbridge Iron 
 Company, the West Cumberland Hematite Company, and 
 the Bishop’s Waltham Clay Company, which supplies 
 Hampshire clays for terra cotta, pottery, bricks, &c. Mr. T. 
 Sopwith also shows some interesting illustrations of the pro¬ 
 cesses for dressing and smelting lead ores. 
 
 *•' Dorcas ” Sewing machine. “ Penelope” Sewing machine. 
 
 In this class (Mining and Metallurgy), we find, besides, a 
 most heterogeneous medley of razor-strops, needles, church 
 ornaments, fishing tackle, buttons; carving knives, hair pins, 
 cork-screws, sauce-pans, nut-crackers, &c., which shows once 
 more the absurdity of the system of classification adopted. 
 Thus, for instance, the needles used for making sewing ma¬ 
 chines have been placed in this class whilst sewing machines 
 themselves are in Class 57. (Processes for sewing); such 
 vagaries require no comment. 
 
 As we are on the subject of sewing marchines, let us 
 observe that the specimens shown here seem to work with 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 3*9 
 
 telligent use of metal by the inhabitants of Britain. Bronze 
 swords, poniards, axes, lances, knives, bucklers, &c., are 
 there in great variety, besides an ingot of pure copper 
 found at Welwyn (Herts). The Britons seemed even to 
 possess arts which were not known by more polished 
 nations, for we remark some enamelled harness plates 
 which are alluded to by Philostrates*, when he speaks of a 
 certain process for fixing colours on metals practised by the 
 barbarians in the Ocean (jobs kv ’fixea^w Pappdpovs.) 
 
 The third period, comprising the Roman dominion does 
 not contain many interesting objects, with the exception of 
 some curious Anglo-Saxon arms, jewels and pottery. 
 
 The fourth and fifth periods, from the departure of the 
 Romans to the invasion of the Normans, include ornaments 
 of Celtic form, chiefly found in Ireland; some of them are 
 decorated with vitreous mosaics. 
 
 In the sixth period, from the Norman invasion to the end 
 of the Plantagenet dynasty (1485), we remark some curious 
 croziers, the Lynn Cap which is silver-gilt and enriched with 
 translucid enamels, and the Tara brooch which is made of 
 gold filigree relieved with amber and precious stones. 
 
 The seventh period embraces the dynasty of the Tudors 
 (1435-1603), and contains, among other precious relics, the 
 Anathema Cup given to Pembroke College at Cambridge, 
 by Bishop Langton in 1497, a silver-gilt chalice presented to 
 Corpus Christi College at Oxford, by Bishop Fox, its 
 founder, a silver-gilt carriage moving with an internal 
 mechanism, from the Mercer’s Company, the Rosary and 
 
 * leones 1, xxviii. 
 

ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 v. 
 
 HEWTOH WltSON & CO.'S 
 
 HEW PATENT SEWING MACHINES. 
 
 Paris Exhibition, 1887,—Two Prize Medals. 
 
 ONE GUINEA STAND. THREE GUINEA STAND. 
 
 These Machines are perfectly portable ; they require no fixing to the table 
 being perfectly steady by their own weight; they will perforin all domestic 
 work, and are so simple as to require no personal instruction. 
 
 There are two classes of these machines, and two varieties in each class— 
 the “ Queen Mab,” piice £3 3s., and the “ Cleopatra, price £4 4s., which • 
 work with single thread only, belong to the first class. 
 
 The “ Dorcas,” price £4 4s., and the “ Penelope,” price £5 5s., belong 
 to the second class; they work with two threads, and make the lock-stitch. 
 
 Treadle-Machines in both lock and knotted-stitch—the best and cheapest 
 of their respective kinds. These latter machines are from £8 8s. upwards, 
 complete, with all ordinary accessories. Domestic braid-making machines, 
 £2 2s., complete. Machines for button-hole, eyelet-hole, overseaming, and 
 sewing combined, also special machines for tailors and shoemakers. 
 
 Illustrated price lists from Depots, 144, High Holborn ; 144, Cheatside ; 
 210, Regent Street, London; Market Hall, Victoria Street, Manches¬ 
 ter ; and 3, Hanover Street, Edinburgh. 
 
ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 xiii. 
 
 SILVER MEDRL. PARIS I8S7 
 
 SWAINE^AND ADENEY, 
 
 Manufacturers to the QUEEN", The Prince and Princess of 
 Wales and Hoyal Family, 
 
 is^PiccAmiY, LOMDontT; t 
 
 MELTON, 
 
 194, S\M.\i*a:BE3E3TE% 
 
 HATTEB 
 
 To the QUEEN, H. R. H. PRINCE and PRINCESS OF WALES, and 
 H. I. M. NAPOLEON THE THIRD. 
 
 PRIZE MEDAL PARIS EXHIBITION, 1867. 
 
 KEATINGS COUGH LOZENGES. 
 
 A SAFE AND CER PAIN REMEDY for Coughs, 0 .Ids, Hoarse- 
 ness, and oilier Affections of the Throat and Chest. In Incipient 
 Consumption, Asthma, and Winter Coughs, they are un¬ 
 failing. Being free from every hurtful ingredient, lin y may be 
 taken by the most delicate female or the youngest child; while 
 the Public Speaker and Professional Singer will find them 
 invaluable in allaying the hoarseness and irritation incidental to 
 vocal exertion, and also a powerful auxiliary in the production of 
 Melodious Enunciation. 
 
 Prepared and Sold in Boxes, Is. lfd., and Tins, 2s. 9d., 4s. 61. 
 and 10s. 6d. each, by THOMAS KeATING, Ch< mi-t, &c., 79, 
 St. Paul’s Chmchyaid, London. Retail by all Druggists and 
 Patent Medicine Vendors in the World. 
 
 mwmWL% PEUFtJlE© VALEHTINESi 
 
 Sachet Valentines ... ... ... /6 
 
 Shakespearian Valentine, beautifully illuminated 1/ 
 Flora’s Keepsake, a sachet with painted silk centre 1/ 
 Sachet Valentine, illustrating the language of flowers 1/ 
 St. Valentine’s Gloves ... ... 1 / 
 
 Cupid’s Magnet, a new Heart Barometer ... 1/ 
 
 Animated Flowers ... ... 1/ 
 
 Do. on Satin ... ... 2/6 
 
 Mediaeval Valentines, very humorous ... II 
 
 Flora’s Keepsake Valentine, a sachet painted silk 
 
 centre figure ... ... ... 1/G 
 
 Language of Flowers Valentine, 8vo., painted on 
 
 moire antique ... ... ... 2/6 
 
 Language of Flowers Valentine, 4to., painted on 
 
 moire antique ... ... ... 5/ 
 
 Stamped Bouquet Valentine, mounted on silver paper .. 1/6 
 
 Do. do. do. cushion ... 1/6 
 
 Artificial Flower Valentine, mounted with pearl on silver paper ... 3/6 
 
 Do. do. do. do. ... 5/ 
 
 Do. do. do. do. ... 21/ 
 
 Musical Valentines, from ... ... ... 21/ 
 
 Richly Mounted do., from ... ... Gd. 1/ 1/6 2/6 3/6 & 0/ 
 
 Other Perfumed Valentines at ... 1/ 2/6 4/ 8/ 12/ 18/ 24/ & 36/ 
 

28 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 This formidable name simply designates a very useful 
 invention due to Mr. Galibert, which enables people to 
 remain a long time in the midst of the most intense smoke. 
 The operator, his head covered with a helmet, his nose 
 pinched to prevent breathing, and his mouth placed in com¬ 
 munication with an air-bag, shuts himself up in a small 
 pavilion filled with smoke, and issues thence half an hour 
 after without appearing indisposed by it in any way. 
 
 It is easy to conceive 'what services such an apparatus 
 can render for extinguishing fires at their commencement, or 
 for saving lives. Mr. Galibert has been rewarded for his 
 humane idea with the Monthyon prize, and a number of 
 medals. 
 
 Among the principal objects of interest we find by’ the 
 river-side, we may mention the Empress’s caique and gondola, 
 the Viceroy of Egypt’s dahabadie , of state-barge, an immense 
 screw propeller for a first-class ,iron clad frigate, a steam- 
 yacht by Gouin, fitted with one of Eloyd’s vertical engines, 
 a collection of all that relates to yachting and boating, and a 
 complete chemical laboratoire. 
 
 On returning to the Park we meet on the left a long shed 
 occupied by the Creusot iron-works, and coal-mines, the 
 largest establishments of the kind in France, the extent and 
 favourable position of which may be estimated from the 
 plans in relief exhibited. The two most remarkable objects 
 in this shed are a large engine intended for the ship Ocean , 
 and a fine express locomotive ordered by the English Great 
 Eastern Railway Company. 
 
 It is somewhat novel to see England, who used to supply 
 the world wi-th locomotives, find now an advantage in buying 
 
3 ° 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 to ammonia, to volatilize it and cause congelation. We give a 
 plan of Carre’s apparatus which is used for that purpose. 
 
 Carre’s apparatus for producing artificial cold. 
 
 Among the many wild schemes engendered by the Exhi¬ 
 bition, was that of an International Theatre, where all 
 countries were to give us by turns specimens of their 
 dramatic performances. Shakespeare, Schiller, Lopez de la 
 Vega, Alfieri, were to’ be interpreted by actors of their own 
 country. 
 
 How any one in his right senses could imagine that it 
 would pay to build a theatre for six months, it is hard to 
 guess ; but built it was, and very handsomely too, as might 
 have been expected ; no manager, however, was mad enough 
 to run the chance of bringing at a great expense a Foreign 
 Company to play perhaps to an empty house. The con¬ 
 sequence was that, after having tried as a substitute comic 
 songs, and met with a dead failure, this unfortunate theatre, 
 
Hermann-Lachapelle and Glover’s Apparatus for making and bottling Sparkling Wine;. 
 
 37 
 
 THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 65 
 
 stearine works ; in a word, we notice laudable efforts every¬ 
 where to turn to account that which has hitherto been con¬ 
 sidered useless. . . 
 
 We must briefly sum up the following as having some 
 claim on our attention : Guimet’s ultramarine, Lefebvre’s 
 white lead, Delacretez & Clouet’s yellow and red chromates 
 of potash, Desespingalle & Moreau’s phenic and gallic acids, 
 Moulin’s salts of tin, Kestner’s tartrates and Kuhlmann’s 
 silicates of potash and soda, which serve to protect walls 
 from decay. 
 
 We may also mention Menier’s, Dubose’s and Poullenc & 
 Wittmann’s chemical products for laboratories, photographers, 
 &c., Leperdriel’s medicine chests which are very complete, 
 De Milly’s stearine candles, and some very fine paraffine from 
 various makers. . 
 
 Marseilles had at one time the monopoly of household 
 soap, which was manufactured with olive oil, but since 
 various vegetable oils have been substituted to the latter, 
 the so-called Savon de Marseilles is also made at Amiens, 
 Paris, Dijon, &c. A few houses, however, still uphold 
 the ancient reputation of the Phocean city, such as Estrangin 
 de Roberty, Jourdan, Roux, Milliau, Arnavon, &c. 
 
 Mineral waters are plentiful in France, and are largely 
 consumed either pure or mixed with wine; Vichy, Plom- 
 bieres, Luxeuil, Condillac, have sent specimens of the 
 produce of their springs. 
 
 We now come to the section of metals 'where we find 
 some very tempting cakes , though rather hard to bite ; one 
 weighing upwards of four hundred weight, and worth 
 
 E 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 71 
 
 bunions, See.. walking will become a pleasure instead of a 
 fatigue, and everyone will rejoice at the change excepting 
 chiropodists. 
 
 We might also make the same observation with regard 
 to corsets, but we prefer not entering into these minute de¬ 
 tails of the toilet, and shall pass on at once to its accessories, 
 such as gloves, fans, parasols, Sec. 
 
 The well-known supremacy of France for kid gloves is 
 worthily sustained by Cheilley, Jouvin, Courvoisier, Fortin, 
 and Jugla, of Paris j Trefousse & Co. of Chaumont *, Fran- 
 coz of Grenoble, whose elegance in cutting and neatness 
 in sewing are irreproachable. Cloth gloves are equally 
 well represented by Salles & Co. of Lyons, Maigron-Veyret 
 and Francois of Paris. 
 
 The manufacture of fans is quite a Parisian speciality, 
 Spain even comes to buy her best fans in Paris, for the 
 Malaga and Valencia makers supply only a cheaper class. 
 
 A special glass-case has been granted to Alexandre to show 
 his fans which are certainly very artistic, but what one ad¬ 
 mires in them are the paintings of Vidal, Ingres, and Baron, 
 the fan makers’ share in the work is but trifling. 
 
 We also find some beautiful specimens in the cases of 
 Meyer, Toupilier & Lepaut, and Vanderwoorde; we must con¬ 
 fess, however, that for harmony of colour and beauty of de¬ 
 sign we give the preference to Mr. Guerin Brecheux, who 
 possesses one of the most important houses in this branch 
 (1, Boulevard de Strasbourg) ; we may also mention that 
 the fans exhibited by him have been nearly all bought by 
 the Sovereigns who visited the capital. The one which we 
 represent here is mounted on gilt burgos , inlaid with pearl $ 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 79 
 
 This collection of costumes of different provinces of France 
 is very interesting, and would have been perfect had they 
 thought proper to give a natural colour to the faces of the 
 figures wearing them, but by leaving them of a deadly white 
 hue the effect was spoiled. Foreigners were better inspired, 
 and their national specimens have such a life-like expression, 
 that one feels tempted to address them, as persons have often 
 done to wax figures, when strolling through Madame Tus- 
 saud’s Rooms. 
 
 We have selected the three costumes represented here as 
 being the most interesting. Britanny and Alsace have preserved 
 more than any others the habits and the traditions of the past ; 
 in the former the Celtic element still strongly predominates ; the 
 latter has remained thoroughly German, if not in sympathies, 
 at all events in manners, language and garb. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 u 4 
 
 filled up with cement, to which can be given the most brilliant 
 colours. 
 
 The first painting which attracts our attention is a Sale of 
 slaves in ancient Rome , by Giraud ; the back ground is per¬ 
 haps a little hard, but it serves to throw out the profile of' the 
 young patrician, who is examining with a mixture of indo¬ 
 lence and curiosity the human merchandise which is offered 
 to his view. 
 
 The Flowers of Kreyder are of a ravishing freshness, and 
 their perfume is all that is wanting to deceive another sense. 
 The sorry jade harnessed to a cart, by Schreyer, is painfully 
 real ; we prefer, however, his Artillery train. Le Reveil en 
 musique , by Walker, is of a good colour, but the personages 
 in the second plan are not sufficiently defined. 
 
 The temptation of St. Anthony, a worn out subject, and there¬ 
 fore very difficult to render, is ably treated by Vibert. 
 
 Laurent is not quite so successful in his Snow scene in the 
 Caucasus. It is possible that such a thing has occurred, but 
 it is difficult to associate in one’s mind minarets and camels 
 with frost, and these snow flakes on the broad landscape give 
 it somewhat the appearance of a chocolate cream. 
 
 .Paulo majora canamus! 
 
 Entering the principal room, we see the magnificent twin 
 pictures of Yvon, representing the taking of Malakoff, two 
 old friends that we cannot tire of admiring; a little farther 
 on we find by the same artist, a touching episode of the Italian 
 war, a convoy of wounded bearing its sorrowful burden across 
 the hot dusty country. 
 
 How is it, we may ask, that this artist who so distin¬ 
 guishes himself as a painter of battles, who is so true, so 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION 
 
 I25 
 
 
 Vase, Bernard de Palissy 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 1 65 
 
 By the side of the refinements of luxury, we find the 
 simplicity of pastoral life, a Dutch farm with all the utensils 
 employed for making butter and cheese, two important 
 branches of Dutch produce. Here are shown comfortable 
 and well ventilated stables, milk pails, troughs for cooling 
 the milk, churns for making butter, coppers for making 
 cheese, and lastly the rustic habitation of those who are 
 employed in this work. Parisians who laugh at everything 
 seem much amused with the cupboards serving as bed¬ 
 chambers, wherein these primitive children of nature lay 
 themselves down at night on a shelf just above their clothes. 
 
172 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Mr. Wagner, .a goldsmith of Berlin, exhibits a shield, 
 beautifully chased, which was presented by some of the 
 
 German nobility to Francis II., 
 whilst he was still King of Naples. 
 Some tea and coffee services by 
 the same maker are very original 
 in design. 
 
 The Royal Porcelain manufac¬ 
 turers of Dresden and Berlin main¬ 
 tain their old rivalry. The former 
 has some splendidpiec.es in its usual 
 style, in the midst of which stands 
 a large vase having for its subject : 
 Diana surprised by Actceon ; the latter 
 shows a long series of vases, some 
 representing ancient German heroes in camaieu , others, anti¬ 
 que scenes in grisaille on a dead ground. 
 
 We also notice some fine painted china sent by Tielsch 
 & Co. of Altwasser (Silesia), and by Kruse of Farge, near 
 Bremen ; the latter is mostly in the English style. 
 
 Villeroi & Boch’s mosaic pavement, although inferior to 
 Minton’s, deserves some commendation ; their dinner plates, 
 with photographic portraits, are likely'to succeed, and may 
 perhaps one day supersede the album it will be such a con¬ 
 venient way, for some people, of eating on their friends . 
 
 All kind of German manufactures are fully represented 
 here ; there are linens from Bielefeld, w6ollens from Berlin* 
 cloths from Gorlitz and Aix-la-Chapelle, stuffs from Cassel, 
 leathers from Worms, toys from Nuremberg, and a variety 
 of other articles too long to enumerate* The chief merit of 
 
 Tea-pot, Wagner. 
 
74 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 all these is cheapness, their intrinsic worth being generally 
 below the English or French standard. 
 
 The same may be said of German perfumery, which 
 appeals more to the eye than to the nose . Their scents are 
 
 Carved Pannel, Stevesandt. 
 
 put up in showy bottles, but the contents are vapid ; their 
 soaps have^a beautiful marble-like aspect, or a crystalline 
 transparency, but those apparent qualities are due to their 
 
242 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 ing a communication between the two seas is entirely a new 
 one. It dates, indeed, as far back as Sesostris; this great 
 monarch dug a canal commencing at the Pelusiac branch of 
 the Nile near Bubastes, and debouching by Arsinoe at the 
 point of the Arabian gulf. This canal, continued by Nechao, 
 Darius I., and Ptolemoeus Philadelphus, was finished under the 
 first Lagides ; it was about 125 miles in length, and ten 
 yards in width. Two triremes could pass through it abreast. 
 
 In the eighth century the Caliph Al-Mansour had it closed 
 in order to improve the commerce of Bagdad, and the sands 
 soon regained the place from which they had been driven. 
 If the idea is not a novel one, its execution does not reflect 
 less credit on M. de Lesseps who, it is easy to see, has not 
 followed the plan of Sesostris. 
 
 As a last and a most magnificent specimen of Moorish 
 architecture, we must mention the palace of the Bey of Tunis, 
 the Bardo, with its noble staircase guarded by six lions, its 
 elegant peristyle ornamented with gildings and handsome 
 statuary, its ogives and its minarets of the purest style. 
 
 The interior corresponds with the beauty of the exterior, 
 and is replete with rich hangings, thick carpets, soft divans, 
 inlaid furniture, in fine, all the luxuries of Eastern life. 
 
 The light enters shaded by the fine lace work of the mou - 
 charablehs * and the air is filled with the emanations of per¬ 
 fumes burning in cassolettes, or rosewater scattered about with 
 the goulabdan. A patio , surrounded with a graceful colonade 
 and ornamented with a fountain and a flower-bed completes 
 the beauties of the palace. 
 
 * Overhanging balconies closed with pierced shutters whence Eastern women 
 can see without being seen. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 49 
 
 string of titles, so that their subjects may have some chance 
 of remembering the name of their sovereigns. The weaving- 
 loom, spinning-wheel, and cylinders to pick cotton are worthy 
 of the attention of the curious in mechanical matters. These 
 implements, although very primitive in form, are not devoid 
 of ingenuity. 
 
 Here is a floating house which would suit people endowed 
 with migratory tastes. Built on a stout raft, it bears away 
 the Siamese with his family and cattle, and allows him to 
 change his quarters with but little trouble. 
 
 Here is another house constructed on stakes, which is of a 
 less pleasing aspect, for its elevation is suggestive of swamps, 
 snakes and other disagreeable things. 
 
 The state barges are good illustrations of the quaint 
 luxury of the Far East. Long, and slim like a serpent, they 
 carry in the centre a diminutive temple, with triple roof, and 
 in the after-part a cabin profusely gilt. The prow, rising and 
 curved, like that of an antique trireme, ends with some 
 monster’s head, destined to strike terror in the enemy’s breast. 
 The same feeling induces Siamese warriors to hide their faces 
 under hideous masks, when they are going to battle, thinking 
 probably that nature has not done enough for them in that 
 way. 
 
 The monarch’s household utensils exhibit as much bar¬ 
 barous magnificence as his barges $ here are vases, trays, 
 betel boxes, teapots, candlesticks* perfume-burners, and even 
 -spittoons, all made of massive gold. 
 
 The tdapuins dresses are equally splendid j it appears that 
 among the numerous vows exacted from these monks, poverty 
 and humility are not included.- 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 256 
 
 breadth of beam of this little craft would scarcely induce 
 most people to take an hour’s sail in her on a calm sea. 
 
 For those who are fond of locomotion, but prefer terra 
 firtna, we have here a portable house from Louisiana. When 
 the owner is tired of living in one place, he hoists up his 
 residence, not like the Siamese, on a raft, but on a simple 
 truck, and then off he goes on the road until he finds a spot 
 
 The American yacht, “ Red, White and Blue.” 
 
 to suit him. What an excellent contrivance to avoid the in¬ 
 discreet visits of creditors and sheriffs’ officers. 
 
 Some people however, like a more stable sort of a dwell¬ 
 ing, and the American farm-house of which we give a sketch 
 combines all that is necessary for comfort, with an extreme 
 simplicity. 
 
 Ericson’s invention of hot-air machines seems to have been 
 well appreciated in America ; for, besides his, we see several 
 others which work on the same system ; such as Roper’s, of 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 75 
 
 and then to swallow some small fishes ; of course it is always 
 the same that are passing and re-passing, like the .soldiers in a 
 military piece at Astley’s. 
 
 Messrs. Phillips Brothers, 
 of Cockspur Street, distin¬ 
 guish themselves by the ex¬ 
 quisite artistic taste which 
 inspires all their productions. 
 Their collection of coral in 
 particular deserves the high¬ 
 est commendation } it is un¬ 
 doubtedly the best in the 
 Exhibition as to quality, 
 Brooch, Phillips Brothers. colour, and workmanship. 
 
 Mr. Brogden’s special study is to imitate antique jewels ; he 
 has for that purpose laboriously 
 ransacked all the museums in 
 Europe. His Egyptian and 
 Assyrian bracelets are perfec¬ 
 tion itself; we also remark in 
 his case the rich suit worn by 
 Prince Esterhazy at the coro¬ 
 nation of Her Majesty; on 
 that occasion, with true patri¬ 
 cian prodigality, he dropped 
 in the apartments of the Palace 
 for the servants’ benefit, part 
 of the pearls with which his 
 coat was embroidered. 
 
 Egyptian Brooch, Brogden. 
 
28 o 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 other hand, it is heavy in form, expensive, and sometimes 
 devoid of taste. 
 
 This latter reproach, however, does not apply to Messr 3 . 
 
 Wright and Mansfield’s cabinet, which is made of maple, 
 ornamented with Wedgwood medallions, nor to Messrs. 
 
 Benham's Stove. 
 
284 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 wheel. The artistic and patient labour bestowed on these 
 pieces naturally enhances their price, and some of the claret 
 jugs exhibited are worth as much as £ 150. 
 
 Engraved Claret-Jug, Phillips & Pearce. 
 
 Defries & Co. have also some very good engraved glass, 
 but their chief merit lies in their chandeliers, which are truly 
 magnificent. To this firm is also due the invention of this 
 highly effective system of illumination which consists in re¬ 
 flecting the light on a back ground of cut glass prisms. 
 
o> 
 
 Ransomes & Sims’ Steam Thrashing machine. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 321 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 THE BRITISH COLONIES. 
 
 It was once the King of Spain’s proud boast, that the sun 
 never set on his dominions ; the same assertion can now be 
 made by Queen Victoria, and she may add, with still greater 
 pride, that the land which acknowledges her sway is not the 
 abode of slaves, where many toil for the advantages of a few, 
 but that of free, independent, and happy men, to whom 
 every chance is afforded to reap the fruits of their industry. 
 
 Like a tree whose spreading branches soon outgrow their 
 stem, Britain has seen her Colonies, in the course of two 
 centuries, attain proportions far beyond her own, and now re¬ 
 ceives back from them, with considerable interest added, the 
 support she once lent them. Her population of thirty 
 millions, and superficies of two hundred thousand miles, 
 look small indeed by the side of her one hundred and fifty 
 million colonial subjects, spread over an area of nearly five 
 million miles. 
 
 Sanguine Frenchmen are apt to entertain the hope that 
 their language will some day become the European language ; 
 a no less patriotic Englishman was assuring us lately that, 
 in a time not very far remote, English would become the 
 language of all other parts of the World, and he was 
 probably right. 
 
 V 
 
J22 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Of the forty-eight Colonies, and dependencies, of the 
 British Empire, nineteen were represented more or less fully 
 at the Champ-de-Mars. The show would, probably, have 
 been more complete had more time been given, but the fact 
 of the Exhibition opening one month earlier than is usually 
 the case, and the difficulty in obtaining giants from Colonial 
 Governments for the purpose, detained several from entering 
 into the contest. The recent exhibition which has taken 
 place at Melbourne last year, ^lso operated against some of 
 the Australian Colonies, who, not being able to send their 
 collections to both, gave their preference to the home display. 
 
 The West Indian Colonies, once so prosperous and enter¬ 
 prising, seem to have lost a great deal of their wealth and 
 spirit; it is easy to see they have not yet recovered the effects 
 of a well meant, but too hasty, emancipation. Their show here 
 is extremely meagre. Trinidad sends only a collection of its 
 woods, a few fibres, and some asphaltes from its celebrated 
 Pitch Lakes. Barbadoes, and St. Vincent contribute arrow- 
 root, sugar, and a few natural curiosities, whilst one solitary 
 exhibitor , Mr. C. Gadpaille, to whom all honour be due, 
 represents the important Island of Jamaica, with a small 
 assortment of rum, orange wine, ginger wine, and pimento 
 dram. 
 
 The Bahamas fill a small case with some few products of 
 interest, including sponges of various kinds and qualities, 
 tortoise-shell, ambergris, coral, beautiful pink pearls obtained 
 from the Strombus gigas, and black helmet shells used for 
 cutting cameos. 
 
 The display made here by British Guiana of its natural and 
 manufactured products, is quite as creditable and varied as it 
 
326 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 its productions, and iron ores occur in such quantities as may 
 be considered practically inexhaustible. Plumbago is also 
 attracting much attention from mining adventurers, and the 
 specimens shown by the Canada and by the Lochaber Mining 
 Company bid fair for the success of these undertakings. 
 
 Among other Canadian exhibits worthy of note, we may 
 mention some inlaid furniture made of native woods, by Roy 
 & Bedard, Quebec, various articles ornamented with elk’s 
 hair, by different ladies at Riviere du Loup* some winter 
 boots and shoes of embroidered leather, from Tahourhenche, 
 Lorette, dnd some well prepared drugs* dy£s and chemicals 
 from Messrs. Lyman, Clare & Co., of Montreal, and Giroux, 
 of Quebec. 
 
 Passing into the other hemisphere; we alight on Malta, 
 this small islarid which occupies such a large place in history; 
 
 A lady, and a peasant and his wife are there to do us the 
 honours of the Court; and show by the originality of their 
 costume, that British occupation has not altered the cotiletir 
 locale of their country. The rich attire of the lady is of d 
 semi-Spanish, semi-Oriental character ; the peasant woman’s 
 head is ornamented with a circle of large silver pins some¬ 
 what resembling the coiffure of the inhabitants of Como. 
 
 The contents of the Maltese case which are very interest¬ 
 ing, include graceful stoii£ statuettes, aerial lace tissues and 
 charming specimens of gold and silver filigree jewellery, an 
 art which Malta borrowed from the Levant. 
 
 The island of Mauritius, in addition to its usual exhibition 
 of sugar* spices, tobacco, fibres, vanilla, &c., sends this 
 time some well executed paintings, drawings and photographs 
 initiating us to the beauty of its scenery, and some tempting 
 
2 4 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 On entering we see on each side monumental fountains, 
 one erected by Barbezat, the other by Durenne. The latter 
 is surrounded withr some fine cast-iron groups of animals. 
 
 Turning to the left we find a gothic church, erected by 
 Mr. Leveque, of Amiens, in which have been assembled the 
 principal objects used in Roman Catholic worship. 
 
 We first remark a grotto by Champigneulle, representing 
 the Tomb of Christ ; the painted life-size figures grouped 
 round it are well executed. 
 
 There is a large collection of altars of every style and 
 period ; a stone altar of the twelfth century by Bonet; one of 
 the thirteenth century in carved coloured oak by Chovet ; 
 a white marble gothic altar by Jacquemin, and two cast-iron 
 ones by Ducel & Son and Durenne. 
 
 The grand organ by Cavaille-Coll, with fourteen stops 
 and two key-boards, is worthy of a cathedral; the harmo¬ 
 niums exhibited by Alexandre, Debain and Rodolphe, are 
 well suited to village churches, being full in tones and at a 
 low price. 
 
 The art of painting on glass, which was supposed to be 
 lost since the middle ages, but was evidently only slumbering, 
 has now revived enriched with the new colours discovered 
 by chemists. Among the most remarkable specimens shown 
 in the windows of this church, we shall mention the Nativity 
 and the Assumption of the Virgin by Laurent Gsell, which are 
 ably conceived and finely executed ; we may add that for 
 correctness of design and harmony of colour, this artist stands 
 unrivalled. We notice also the Flagellation by Jacquier, the 
 Wheel of For time by Ottin, and a large grisaille by Leveque, 
 
34 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, and we reach the reserved garden 
 which occupies nearly the whole of that part of the Park. 
 
 A large conservatory, built on a mound, and containing 
 tropical plants, commands a fine view of the garden, which 
 with its mimic rocks, waterfalls, meandering brooks and quaint 
 bridges has a somewhat Chinese aspect. Other conservatories 
 of smaller dimensions are devoted to roses, orchids, cacti , &c. 
 
 Near the entrance is displayed a collection of different 
 articles relating? to horticulture, among? which we remark a 
 pretty flower-stand by Clovis, with a fountain in the centre 
 worked by atmospheric pressure. 
 
 The greatest attraction of the reserved garden, however, 
 consists in its two aquaria , one filled with sea water, the 
 other with fresh. They are placed in grottoes ornamented 
 with stalactites and arranged with much taste. We may 
 well fancy we are paying a visit to Neptune’s realms, for 
 we see fishes gambolling in all directions, even over our 
 head . It is there we find the hideous pieuvre or cuttle fish, 
 rendered so celebrated by one of Victor Hugo’s last works. 
 
 We cannot conclude this short notice of the garden with¬ 
 out paying a well-deserved compliment to Mr. Alfand, 
 who designed it, and Mr. Andre who executed it. To 
 have turned an arid waste into fairyland in such a short 
 time, they must have possessed the wand of a magician. 
 
 Crossing over to the third quarter, we find a medley of 
 model farms, cheap earthenware, tents, aviaries and wire- 
 work of every sort, in fact it may be termed the lumber-room 
 of the Exhibition. 
 
 A greyish erection labelled “ Roquefort cheese cellar,” 
 initiates us into the mysteries of manufacturing the French 
 
7 ° 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 can only say they are very ugly, and that they will continue 
 so until another form is substituted for the hideous Chimney¬ 
 pot which men will persist in donning,though inwardly 'pro¬ 
 testing against the absurd fashion. While they still adhere 
 tj this inconvenient head-gear and do not muster sufficient 
 •moral courage to lay it by in a museum of antiquities, 
 together with the long-tailed coat, they are hardly entitled 
 to criticise crinoline and other extravagances of female attire. 
 
 Passing from top to toe we come upon the charming little 
 boots and slippers of A. Petit of the rue St. Honore, whom 
 we do not hesitate to place above the others for style and 
 finish, although the jury only awarded him an honorable 
 mention, which he naturally refused to accept. We will also 
 mention Pinet, who manufactures ladies’ and children’s shoes 
 on a large scale ; Mr. Meyer who represents the four sea¬ 
 sons on his slippers by roses, poppies, grapes and holly ; and 
 Mr. Deleuil,' whose hunting boots are made to resist the 
 roughest weather. 
 
 After having given our praise to these exhibitors, we may 
 be allowed to venture on a slight observation : how is it that 
 among all these bootmakers there is not one who seeks to 
 imitate the natural form of the foot ? this unfortunate limb 
 is condemned by fashion’s decree to assume a shape some¬ 
 times pointed, sometimes rounded, sometimes square, but al¬ 
 ways different from that of nature. Place for instance the 
 boot of an elegante by the side of the foot of the Venus cle 
 Medicis , and judge if we are right. When will they adopt the 
 system of dressing the foot like any other part of the body, 
 following its outlines instead of compressing them in a narrow 
 case ? There Will then be an end to contracted toes, corns, 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 73 
 
 and mounted with black Chantilly lace, representing two 
 cupids swinging in a hammock ; another of a very bright 
 mauve pearl with silk top of the same colour, ornamented 
 with lace ; and a third of rich point, which was sold to 
 the Viceroy of Egypt. 
 
 The parasol is not only intended to protect the delicate 
 complexion of a lady from the too ardent rays of a sum¬ 
 mer’s sun, but it must also throw a pleasing shade on the face. 
 Albert Gruyer, Achille Gruyer and Charageat have studied 
 this double effect, and nothing can be more coquettish and 
 more becoming than the parasols they exhibit. 
 
 The industry of artificial flowers is one which is also car¬ 
 ried to great perfection by Parisians ; not contenting them¬ 
 selves with rivalling nature they seek to surpass her, as we 
 may see by the magnificent bouquets which surround us, 
 and which have all the freshness of the flowers of the 
 parterre without their transientness. Where everything 
 is perfection it is difficult to show a preference ; we will, 
 however, say that Javey, Baulant, Delaplace, D’lvernois, 
 Baquet, and Favier distinguish themselves particularly in this 
 art ; nor must we forget the charming flowers of the 
 Countess de Baulaincourt, and the head-dresses formed of 
 buprestes rutilants and other exotic insects, which possessing 
 metallic reflection produce a very beautiful effect. 
 
 If we are uncertain as to who shall bear the palm among 
 the artificial florists, what shall we say with regard to the 
 jewellers who, great and small, exhibit such marvels of art 
 and-value. How can we make a choice amongst these dia¬ 
 monds, rubies, sapphires, opals, pearls, &c., all these trea¬ 
 sures dragged from the bowels of the earth or the depths of 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 Ganymede, Veyiai. 
 
 Mr. Veyrat is a-perfect artist, whose productions can rival 
 
 ornaments by Cheret, which is intended for the Empress ; and 
 some plated tea and other services of exquisite workmanship. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 97 
 
 English watch-makers by establishing a branch in London, 
 211, Regent-Street. 
 
 Clock, Lefovre. Fountain, Barbezat. 
 
 Their master-piece is a clock which marks not only the 
 hour, but the day and the month ; it also serves as a baro¬ 
 meter and thermometer ; they have likewise a very curious 
 watch with a double dial, indicating the time of two coun- 
 
 G 
 
TOO 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Mr. Detouche is likewise a clever mechanician and the turn¬ 
 stiles used to admit visitors to the Exhibition were devised by 
 him in such a way as to afford an exact check for the 
 numbers entered and perfect security for the money boxes. 
 
 Clock, Ouclin. 
 
 The moderator lamp, the first specimen of which we 
 remember brought into London, and by the bye mercilessly 
 snubbed at first by all the dealers, has now made its way into 
 the world and very nearly superseded all other kinds. Among 
 the many specimens of this industry, which has remained 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 IOI 
 
 specially Parisian, we notice Schlossmacher’s lamps as being 
 those which combine the greatest perfection of mechanism 
 with the most artistic shape. 
 
 Clock, Detouche. 
 
 The various vases used in Roman Catholic worship, form 
 a rich and brilliant exhibition, among which we distinguish 
 Thiery’s manufactures as being particularly tasteful and chaste 
 in design. 
 
 There are however some poor village churches which 
 cannot afford the luxuries of gold or silver ornaments. To 
 these, Mr. Paul Morin offers his aluminium bronze which has 
 the exact appearance of gold, and costs considerably less. 
 This new metal is composed of equal quantities of chloride 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. II5 
 
 energetic in all his creations has not received one of the 
 prizes of honour ? 
 
 The Battle of Alma , by Pils, does him much more credit 
 than his Reception of the Emperor at Algiers , which is but a 
 feeble production. 
 
 The seven pictures of Bellange are so many master-pieces, 
 and make us feel still more vividly the blank his death has left in 
 a style in which he shone so much. The Review wider the First 
 Empire has all the finish of a miniature, and The Battle of 
 Waterloo is a living illustration of Victor Hugo’s beautiful 
 recital; it is however, in dramatic expression, that this great 
 painter excels ; his Retreat f Russia is a heart-rending 
 scene, and the Two Friends laying on the field of battle 
 clasping each other in a last embrace, excite the greatest 
 emotion. 
 
 Et tels avaient vecu les deux jeunes amis, 
 
 Tels on les retrouvait dans le trepas unis! 
 
 Meissonier’s paintings are great in genius, if not in dimen¬ 
 sions, and combine as much merit as can be crammed into 
 such a small compass • they would not, however, suit those 
 who buy pictures by the square yard, for covering every 
 inch of the canvass with gold, would be far from paying for 
 their value. 
 
 The works of Gerome have been so often reproduced in 
 engravings, that they are probably known to our readers, we 
 shall not therefore attempt to describe them, but merely say 
 that his Duel after a Bal Masque , Gladiator , Phryne , Almee, 
 Two Augurs , Cleopatra and Death of Casar are shown 
 side by side ; we need not add that the public crowd con¬ 
 stantly round this magnificent collection. 
 
 H 2 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 116 
 
 They also seem attracted by Cabanel’s Venus; nevertheless, 
 we must admit that we do not admire this puffy body, which 
 seems incapable of making the least impression on the paste¬ 
 board sea over which it lays. 
 
 We find by the same artist, a portrait of the Emperor, 
 which according to our opinion, does not equal that by Flan- 
 drin. The former, however, carried off the prize ; it is true 
 that he was on the Jury, and knew probably the proverb : 
 Charity begins at home . 
 
 Hamon is one of the deities of the day, and we might be 
 taxed with heresy did we not sing his praises in concert 
 with the rest; his Boutique a quatre sous , his Voliere , and 
 above all, his Aurora, a light sylph drinking dew from the 
 calix of a flower, possess undoubted merits, but we think this 
 artist has remained too much what he formerly was, a Sevres 
 painter , and his pale monotonous colours appear to have'been 
 exposed to a shower of rain. 
 
 Mademoiselle Rosa Bonheur is the La Fontaine of painting, 
 and knows how to make animals speak; so much life and 
 expression does she give them, that one expects to hear her 
 lambs bleat, and her oxen bellow. 
 
 The 8 th of April at Warsaw is the subject of a magnificent 
 painting, by Tony Robert-Fleury, which created a great stir 
 in 1863 ; a terrified crowd of unarmed people are kneeling 
 round the column of Sigismund, on the Castle place. The 
 Russian troops are firing on these unfortunates with¬ 
 out pity for the suppliant looks of the mothers who are 
 anxiously sheltering their children in their bosom. This 
 picture unhappily so real, obtained for its author a silver pal¬ 
 ette, which was presented him by the Polish committee. 
 
I 5 o 
 
 recollections of 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 Returning to the Machine Gallery at the point where we 
 left it, we find ourselves in the Belgian exhibition. Belgium 
 has been favoured by nature in more than one way. It 
 produces the most useful metals, and the coal necessary to 
 work them ; hemp and flax grow admirably in its plains, and 
 its vast meadows impart, by their humidity, a dazzling 
 whiteness to linen. Man’s industrious hand has done the 
 rest. Belgium was formerly among the first to open easy in¬ 
 land communications by means of canals among the first 
 was it also to construct railways, a task rendered easy, we 
 must own, by the flat nature of the greater part of the soil. 
 When we add to these elements of success, the active and per¬ 
 severing disposition of its inhabitants, we need not wonder at 
 the importance acquired by Belgium amongst commercial 
 nations, an importance much more than proportionate to the 
 size of its territory* 
 
 There was a time, it is true, when some of the Belgian 
 manufacturers, protected by too indulgent a legislation, derived 
 their chief trade front counterfeiting the wares of other 
 countries, but one day they woke from this unhealthy torpor 
 
200 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 the year 1500 by King Dom Emmanuel, to celebrate the dis¬ 
 covery of the Indies, does great credit to the architect who 
 exhibits the model. It shows that mixture of Gothic, Moor¬ 
 ish and Indian architecture, which is peculiar to Portuguese 
 edifices. 
 
 A few words will suffice to describe the narrow band 
 allotted to Greece. A very handsome trophy of marbles of 
 all colours forms its chief attraction. We may also mention 
 as natural produce, cereal, wines and sponge ; and as manu¬ 
 factures, richly embroided garments, finely woven gauzes and 
 jewels that are not devoid of taste. 
 
 The statue of Penelope is nobly executed, and the statuette 
 of Alexander the Great is well modelled. A cenotaph bear¬ 
 ing the inscription EK TOY EPPA5JTHPI0Y is ornamented 
 with a good basso-relievo ; as to the Greek pictures .we shall 
 be charitable enough to say nothing respecting them. Shades 
 of Zeuxis and Apelles, be merciful unto your descendants ! * 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 207 
 
 very handsome,” she seems to say, “for I am going to the 
 fete, and shall meet there the object of my affections.” A 
 little further we see the lovers together ; the youth is pressing, 
 the maid is blushing and whispers a soft avowal. Then the 
 infallible test is resorted to, a daisy is plucked to know if her 
 love is reciprocated, and the lover comes slyly behind as the 
 last petal is answering “ Passionately.” 
 
 After that we have the proposal of marriage; the young 
 man is timid, the father serious, the mother exultant and the 
 girl turns her head away smiling. 
 
 The wedding closely follows ; the bridegroom looks very 
 smart in his gay-coloured jacket,- covered with buttons ; the 
 bride seems not a little proud of her tinsel crown, which 
 makes her Queen for a day. 
 
 After flowers we have fruits ; here is the young mother 
 carrying her baby in a hand basket, which, however odd it 
 may appear, is a very good way to leave the child the full 
 play of its limbs. 
 
 The husband is an itinerant clock maker ; he goes round 
 the country mending clocks or selling them when he has a 
 chance ; the wife accompanies him in his excursions. 
 
 Now they are going to take a long journey ; this sledge 
 drawn by reindeer and covered with furs, in the midst of 
 which they are comfortably ensconced will take them to 
 Lapland. Bon voyage , and be happy ! 
 
 All these scenes are admirably rendered, and the narrow 
 gallery containing them is constantly filled with admiring 
 crowds. 
 
 Denmark has also its costumes of Iceland and Amak, but 
 they are less interesting than those we have described. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 2 1 3 
 
 used as aliments, from the finest Black Sea corn, to the coarse 
 tljouk on which feed the Yacoutes. 
 
 Yacoutes’ Bark Hut. 
 
 The soil of Russia is really a marvellous one, and with 
 better cultivation could be made to produce every thing. See 
 what a variety of specimens it sends, as it is ; flax from 
 Vilna, hemp from Aurel, cotton from Caucasus, silk from 
 Warsaw, wool from Tauris, wax from Kasan, cork from 
 Riga, madder from Astrakhan, opium from Tifiis, tobacco 
 and wines from the Crimea, in fact a little of all that is to be 
 found in other countries* 
 
 Russian forests have not yet been worked to their fullest 
 
2 34 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 ever, make an exception for the Kutaiah blue and green 
 tiles, which are of a good colour and well varnished. 
 
 Among other miscellaneous Turkish manufactures we notice 
 two huge perfume-burners, fit for the hall of a palace, some 
 elegant silver filigree jewels from Monastir and Trebizond, 
 sandal-wood combs, tortoise-shell spoons to eat those rose-leaf 
 preserves, of which odalisques are so fond, bright hued peacock 
 feather fans, coffers made of Jerusalem olive-wood, odorifer¬ 
 ous paste bracelets, and a complete collection of Eastern per¬ 
 fumery comprising the celebrated tensoufs , or round flat 
 pastilles covered with a gold leaf which are largely used in 
 Turkey to sweeten the air of apartments, and which are more 
 or less well imitated by our perfumers. 
 
 Musical instruments are numerous, too numerous perhaps, 
 for Eastern people are not naturally gifted with a good ear 
 for harmony, and we shudder in thinking what an awful din 
 they must raise out these mandolines, oboes, pandean pipes, 
 bagpipes, horns, castagnettes, cymbals, and :zournas or double 
 tamburines. 
 
 It is often said that music and painting are sisters. In order 
 to prove this close relationship, Mr. Montani has adopted the 
 theory that as there are seven notes and seven colours, and as 
 many semi-tones as there are intermediate shades, acoustic 
 waves can be transformed into luminous ones, and a piece of 
 music translated into a picture, and vice versa. Thus a genre 
 picture can be expressed by a quadrille, an historical painting 
 by a symphony, a portrait by an aria . We hope our intelli¬ 
 gent readers will be able to fathom this abstruse doctrine better 
 than we did ourselves. 
 
 A more serious savant is Abdullah Bey who exhibits a 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 25 1 
 
 Chinese coins, some of which date from the commencement 
 of our era. 
 
 Japanese warriors. 
 
 The Japanese have shown themselves more desirous than 
 
3^ 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 radiating glass cases, affording easy access to those who 
 wish to study them, hoping, with good reason, to glean 
 therefrom some notion of the character of the country. 
 
 The show of engravings is good, and so is that of maps 
 and photographs. Among the latter we remark some ex¬ 
 ceedingly well executed portraits, by A. Beau, and some 
 excellent landscapes, by Wilson, Bedford and Mudd. 
 
 The finest display of binding is made by^Ward & Co., of 
 Belfast, who, from the most ornate to the plainest style, 
 infuse great taste in all their productions. 
 
 instruments ; we may add that Dallmeyer and Elliot Brothers’ 
 articles, as well as Paraire’s scientific instruments, are like¬ 
 wise worthy of great commendation. 
 
 Among musical instruments, we notice Bevington’s fine 
 toned organ, Allison’s, Kirkman’s and Broad wood’s pianos, 
 and Distin’s brass instruments. 
 
 Mr. Cremer Junior, of Regent Street, exhibits a perfect 
 fairy-land of dolls, where everything seems to be in perfection, 
 from the supernatural fairness of its inhabitants to the sump¬ 
 tuousness of their furniture. His bagatelle tables, drawing- 
 
318 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 and Holy Thoughts, Rowbotham’s Amalfi and Ischia, Warren’s 
 JVood Scene, Hall’s Bass Rock, Paton’s Dhulochan, Haye’s 
 Marine View, A Scene in Scotland, by Willis, The Rhine Falls, 
 by Callow, The Grand Canal at Venice, by Smith, two sporting 
 scenes by Taylor, Shag Rock, by Bennett, Kiss in the Ring, 
 by Absolon, A Feast Day in Connemara, by Topham, and 
 Salvator Rosa among the Brigands, by Vacher. 
 
 English sculpture is but poorly represented, owing to a 
 misunderstanding between the principal artists and South 
 Kensington ; this is much to be regretted, as it one of the 
 branches of art in which England excels, and the appearance 
 of this Gallery would have been much improved with some 
 of the works of Foley, Durham, McDonnell, &c. 
 
 The only statue worth noting here is the Song of the Shirt, 
 by Marshall Wood, an illustration of Hood’s poem; the 
 poor semptress’ face and attitude well express the hunger 
 and fatigue to which she is succumbing. 
 
 The series of basso-relievo portraits of the Royal Family, 
 by Susan Durant, are good likenesses, but somewhat devoid 
 of life and animation. 
 
 We shall wind up this long survey with the British section 
 of the History of Labour. There, as in France, we find 
 specimens from the most remote times ; the flint axes be¬ 
 longing to the age of stone, before metals were dicovered, 
 were principally found in the Thames or in the counties of 
 Kent, Suffolk and Norfolk, sometimes mixed with the bones 
 of the mammoth ( elephas primogenius), a sufficient guarantee 
 of their great antiquity. 
 
 The second period, or age of bronze, although anterior 
 to the invasion of the Romans, displays an extensive and in- 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 3 2 ° 
 
 Crucifix of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a miniature portrait 
 of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Her Majesty the Queen has contributed the finest pieces 
 of the eighth period (the Stuart dynasty, 1603-1711) which 
 consist in silver tables, frames, candelabra, and fire-dogs. 
 The Corporation of York, Norwich, Bath and Morpeth, and 
 the Cloth workers’, Fishmongers’ and Carpenters’ Companies, 
 have also sent some of their most valuable heir looms. We 
 observe likewise some ponderous watches of the seventeenth 
 century, and some scarce in-folios, including Burton’s Anatomy 
 of Melancholy (Edit. 1652.) 
 
 The Exhibition of the ninth period (1714-1760), some¬ 
 what resembles in style that of the French during the 
 corresponding time. It contains metal work, plate, jewellery, 
 arms, watches, miniatures and prints. 
 
 In the tenth and last period (1760-1800), we find some 
 beautiful specimens of Chelsea, Derby, and Worcester porce¬ 
 lain, and some exquisite Wedgwood ware. We also notice 
 two gold enamelled watches which were presented by Lord 
 Macartney to the Emperor of China, and which were retaken 
 at Pekin, during the sacking of the Imperial Palace. 
 
 Besides the contributors to this interesting Gallery which 
 we have already named, we may mention the British Museum, 
 the South Kensington Museum, th£ Royal Irish Academy, 
 the Trinity College at Dublin, the University of Glasgow, 
 the Royal Institution, and many distinguished noblemen and 
 gentlemen who conferred a real boon on the public, by 
 affording them this unique opportunity of inspecting the 
 treasures of their collections. 
 
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RECOLLECTIONS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PARIS EXHIBITION 
 
 OF 1867 
 BY 
 
 EUGENE RIMMEL, 
 
 Member of the Society of Arts, the Royal Horticultural Society, 
 the Nice Horticultural Society ; Juror and Reporter, 
 Exhibition 1862, 
 
 Assistant Commissioner, Exhibition 1867: 
 
 Author of the “ Book of Perfumes,” &c. 
 
 FOURTH EDITION. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 CHAPMAN AND HALL, 193, PICCADILLY. 
 
 PARIS : 
 
 DENTU, 17 & 19, GALERIE D’ORLEANS, PALAIS ROYAL: 
 
 TO BE HAD ALSO OF THE AUTHOR, 
 
 96, STRAND ; 128 , REGENT STREET; AND 24, CORNHILL, LONDON; 
 
 17, BOULEVARD DES ITALIENS, PARIS. 
 
IO 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 To remedy this mistake, which was discovered rather late, 
 the objects exhibited were formed into ten groups, but they 
 were often composed of the most heterogeneous materials. 
 
 Among the raw products we find classed pele mele cork¬ 
 screws, india-rubber baths, fishing tackle, and even pills. 
 
 Fire-arms were placed with clothing, perfumery with furni¬ 
 ture, whilst in many small States all sorts of goods were 
 jumbled together ; in fact the zone remained a myth, at least 
 as far as the foreign nations were concerned. To this new 
 and fruitless attempt at classification is owing the elliptical 
 form of the building, of which we have shown the inconveni¬ 
 ence *, if, instead of following this idea, they had simply traced a 
 large parallelogram of the same shape as the Champ-de-Mars, 
 surrounded with an open space of sufficient dimensions to place 
 all that should remain al fresco , they would have obtained a 
 more useful result with a greater effect. They could have 
 run through the building a large gallery, wherein would have 
 been placed all the trophies of art of every nation, the effect of 
 which would have been magnificent in the extreme. One 
 of the sides could have been given to France, and the other 
 to foreign countries, divided by sections, each opening into 
 the Grand Avenue. 
 
 By this means they would have constructed for the same 
 price, (the elliptical form being very expensive), a splendid 
 edifice of much larger dimensions, which, affording more 
 room, would have given greater satisfaction to the exhibitors, 
 who all complained of the small space allotted them. How¬ 
 ever, de mortuis nil nisi bonum , let Us proceed. 
 
 Each zone represents a group *, the exterior zone, and con¬ 
 sequently the largest, is that for machinery *, this zone is also 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 "3 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE FRENCH PARK'. 
 
 The Park is formed, as we have said before, of the enclosed 
 space which surrounds the Exhibition Palace. In this level 
 sandy plain, hills have been raised, lakes have been sunk, 
 verdant bowers have sprung up, winding alleys have been 
 traced, and when this desert has been, as if by magic, 
 transformed into an Eden, it has become, with no less 
 marvellous promptitude, studded with rich kiosks and graceful 
 chalets, with every specimen of architecture, from the gaudy 
 mosque to the puritanical meeting-house, from the sumptuous 
 palace to the humble labourer’s dwelling. 
 
 The Park is divided into four equal .sections, in its length 
 by the Allee d Europe, in its breadth by the sides of the 
 building which nearly reach the enclosure. 
 
 The first of those sections on the left, entering by the 
 Porte (Plena, nine-tenths of the second, and a certain portion 
 of the two others, are occupied by France ; the remainder 
 is divided between foreign countries. 
 
 We shall only examine the French part of the Park in this 
 chapter ; the others will find their place in the description 
 of the countries to which they belong. 
 
5 ° 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Mr. Frangois which can be carried about and fixed with the 
 greatest facility. 
 
 A less happy invention is that which consists in opening 
 champagne without noise or effervescence ; just as if this merry 
 artillery and overflowing froth did not afford the best part 
 of the enjoyment ! 
 
 To gourmands who wish to know how their favourite sweets 
 are made, we recommend Devinck’s chocolate machine, which 
 crushes, rolls, mixes, weighs, shapes, and wraps up this 
 precious condiment ; also this large copper which rolls like 
 a ship in distress, whilst the almonds contained -therein, 
 receive, from above, a shower of snowy sugar, which trans¬ 
 forms them into dragees. 
 
 Among the many improvements of modern industry, we 
 must mention stearine candles, which give a steady brilliant 
 light at the same cost as the running evil-smelling dips, and 
 smoky lamps of our forefathers. Mr. Morant has a clever 
 apparatus, which in a single operation moulds these candles, 
 cleanses them, and cools them witji a ventilator. This venti¬ 
 lator, however, gives but a light zephyr by the side of Mr. 
 E?ifers forge bellows, which seem anxious to justify their 
 master’s name, by blowing a perfect hurricane. 
 
 This aerial subject naturally leads us to centrifugal pumps, 
 the vertiginous rotation of which js intended to cause an im¬ 
 mediate evaporation of all aqueous parts. Levy’s pump which 
 we represent here, is moved by hand and gives 2,200 turns 
 in a minute. 
 
 The Imperial Manufacture of tobacco, which has the 
 monopoly of that trade in France, exhibits models of its dry- 
 
52 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 means of a wire, with another needle, which repeats the 
 design, in all its details over a cylinder covered with vegetable 
 paper. 
 
 The exhibition of the Imperial Admiralty comprises a 
 great variety of models, among which we remark an iron- 
 plated coast-guard vessel or monitor , somewhat resembling 
 two ships turned over each other several iron frigates, some 
 with revolving towers, others armed with the terrible ram ; a 
 floating battery which is sunk almost to the water’s edge ; a 
 cavalry transport ship, with stables for five hundred horses, 
 and a very complete plan of the Mediterranean and Atlantic 
 Dock-yards. 
 
 The Ministry of Public Works has also some designs and 
 models of great interest to engineers. 
 
 A plan which requires less special knowledge to be under¬ 
 stood, is that of the aerodrome , invented by a Mr. Borie, who, 
 not finding Parisian houses sufficiently high, proposes to give 
 them a dozen stories with suspended gardens, like those of 
 Babylon, placed mid-way. This'gentleman, who dreams of 
 life in nubibus , has evidently very elevated notions, but he 
 ought to have completed his ideas with a series of balloons, 
 allowing the weary twelfth story lodger to make an easy 
 ascent to his aerial dwelling. 
 
 There was a time when French railways procured all their 
 engines from abroad, but they have now so far progressed, 
 that they not only supply their own wants, but are able to 
 send plant to foreign markets. 
 
 Among the many fine specimens exhibited, we may men¬ 
 tion a locomotive of the Orleans Railway for goods’ trains 
 with ten coupled wheels and deviating axletrees, enabling it to 
 
6o 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 where they have assembled a variety of handicrafts, which 
 are mostly unknown to the public, although their results are 
 in common use. 
 
 There we find the Bayeux lace-makers, who seem to 
 play with bobbins over a velvet cushion, on which is placed 
 their work, whilst they keep marking out the pattern by 
 means of pins; artificial flower-makers, stamping, gum¬ 
 ming, and mounting their gauzy materials ; fan-makers, paint¬ 
 ing their leaves, and joining them to the sticks ; comb-makers 
 baking the shell until it has required the necessary softness 
 to be brought into shape ; pipe-makers carving the meerschaum 
 and fixing it on the amber mouth-piece ; leaden sculptors who 
 beat out the metal, and finish the ornaments with woocj,en 
 chisels ; diamond-cutters who grind and polish the precious 
 bauble ; and copper-engravers who, bent on their plate with 
 a magnifying glass in their eye, seem to bestow much pains 
 on producing an impression, which in another part of the 
 gallery is accomplished in an instant, by means of electricity. 
 
 The most attractive stall, however, is that of Mr. Haas, a 
 hatter of Aix, which is constantly beset by a crowd of curious 
 spectators. 
 
 There is a story told of a Yorkshire manufacturer, who, 
 having some friends on a visit, showed them at breakfast time 
 a sheep quietly grazing in a paddock, and offered them on 
 the same evening at dinner a leg of the animal, whilst he 
 wore a coat made of its wool, which had been shorn, washed, 
 carded, spun, dyed, woven, and made into a garment within 
 a few hours. 
 
 Mr. Haas does rather more. You give him a rabbit, and 
 an hour after he returns you a felt hat. Had he completed 
 
94 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 pleasing to the eye, and harmonious in its proportions. It is 
 to supply this want that galvanized ziric, euphoniously 
 
 Bronze Candelabrum, Lerolle. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 Ill 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE FINE ARTS, 
 
 The Fine Arts are divided between the Central Garden, 
 which contains the greater part of the statuary, and the last 
 Gallery but one where the pictures are exhibited. 
 
 Entering the garden we find first of all a statue of Carrara 
 marble by Dubray representing the Empress Josephine, who 
 seems placed there to preside over the Arts of which she was 
 so fond. 
 
 The infancy of Bacchus , by Perraud, is a pretty group 
 which obtained for its author the medal of honour in 1863. 
 The little god climbing on the shoulder of a fawn is pulling 
 his ears, and threatening him with his thyrsus. 
 
 The death of Abel , and Chactas at the tomb of Atala , by Gru- 
 yere, are two touching scenes very well executed. 
 
 The Florentine Singer of Paul Dubois, an eminently charac¬ 
 teristic work of the modern school, was one of the greatest 
 attractions, in the Salon of 1865. 
 
 The Neapolitan Fisherman , by Carpeaux, is a charming com¬ 
 position, which has nothing of the affected style of the Italian 
 school; but the chief piece of this great artist is the group of 
 Ugolin surrounded by his children , which for boldness of con¬ 
 ception and vigour of design is worthy of the chisel of Michael 
 Angelo. We must, however, confess after having done 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 136 
 
 The Algerian Commission anxious to show us not only 
 what is made in the Colony, but also how it is made, have 
 brought over some Arab workmen and have installed them 
 in gaudily painted stalls where they excite much attention by 
 their costume, their odd looking tools, and their curious way 
 of proceeding. 
 
 Some embroider leather slippers, purses, &c., with gold 
 or silver thread, others weave carpets, or silks with a most 
 primitive loom, others again make fancy baskets by blending 
 together reeds, gold threads, and pieces of bright coloured cloth. 
 
 Weaving among the Arabs is not a particular trade, it is a 
 simple household occupation like sewing or embroidering is 
 with us. A couple of posts, two cross-bars, two reeds, and 
 a comb are all the implements required, and with this simple 
 apparatus the Arab woman weaves the woollen cloth which 
 serves to make her husband’s burnous , her own ha'ik or tunic 
 and the fuschia or blanket which covers them. 
 
 As to Algerian silks, they were once, like the Tunisian, 
 in great repute, but being unable to compete with the 
 Lyonnese, which imitate their light texture and graceful 
 streaks at a much lower cost, they have now nearly become 
 “ things of the'past.” 
 
 The number of Algerian shops lately opened in London and 
 Paris render it almost needless for us to describe Arabian 
 jewellery. We may, however, for the sake of those who 
 do not inhabit those capitals, mention that it consists in 
 diadems, chains to go round the head and fix on the temples, 
 earrings, armlets ( mekias ), ankle rings, ha'ik pins and buckles, 
 all of the most antique form, and bearing a strong resemblance 
 to the Jewish ornaments described in the Bible. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION, 
 
 r 47 
 
 Ganneron, of Paris, has a very large assortment of all 
 implements used by agriculturists, those happy individuals 
 
 Peltier’s Chaff Machine. 
 
 who, according to Virgil, do not know their own hap¬ 
 piness : 
 
 O fortunatos minium, sua si bona norint, 
 
 Agricolas! 
 
 We illustrate here as specimens of Ganneron’s manufactures, 
 a powerful clod-crusher, and a very good churn, which 
 expresses all the whey without wasting a particle of the 
 butter. 
 
 Mr. Mercier’s portable mill, with bolting apparatus at¬ 
 tached, seems ingeniously constructed. 
 
 Huzard’s breaks for carriages and waggons deserve the 
 
 K 2 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 155 
 
 Alost; the best is shown by Mr. Jelie and Mr. Van- 
 dersmissen. 
 
 Lace is one of those industries for which Belgium is 
 justly renowned. Ypres, Grammont, Bruges, Malines, 
 Alost, Ghent, Brussels, are the principal places where this 
 aerial tissue is produced. 
 
 The small town of Grammont musters by itself no less 
 than forty-five manufacturers, whose collective exhibition 
 makes ladies dream of fairy-land. Ypres comes closely after 
 it in the contest. Without attempting to enumerate all the 
 marvels of these cases, we shall mention as the most re¬ 
 markable, Vandersmissen’s shawls, Everaert’s Brussels point, 
 Daimerees, Petitjean & Co’s bobbin-lace, and a new point by 
 Beels, styled 4 4 Duchess of Ghent.” 
 
 Woollen cloth, a flourishing trade in Belgium, is well 
 represented by Garot, Lhoest & Devaux, Sirtaine, and other 
 manufacturers from Verviers and its vicinity; good mixed 
 fabrics are also shown by Cambier-Robette, Coullier-Blyau, 
 Lobert-Degave, and Sorel, of Renaix, and blankets by Jacobs, 
 Poelaert & Co., of Brussels. 
 
 Since the most remote period, the cultivation of hemp and 
 flax has been one of the principal resources of the Flemish 
 population ; it now occupies upwards of one thousand acres 
 of ground, and produces a yearly average of twenty-five 
 thousand tons of tow and two thousand tons of seeds. The 
 flax gathered near Courtray is said to be the best of all, 
 especially after retting it in the river Lys, which is supposed 
 to possess special qualities for the purpose. 
 
 Tobacco is also extensively grown, chiefly neai 4 Ypres * 
 Alost, Vervicq and Menin. Besides the home crop A great 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION, 
 
 173 
 
 BH’lin Porcelain Vase. 
 
 Dresden Porcelain Vase, 
 
 Cast-iron Cup, Van Stalberg. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 183 
 
 Maurer Brothers, of Vienna, exhibit some very fine war 
 and sporting arms and their neighbour, Keitel, shows us 
 all that can be done in his country with stag-horn, from a 
 breast-pin to a feudal arm-chair. We must also notice Hol- 
 lenbach’s chandeliers and candelebra which denote great artistic 
 taste, and some fine bronze works from Dziedzinsky and 
 Hanusch. 
 
 
 Marqueterie coffer, Klein 
 
 In the Clothing Gallery we observe, on one side, Gottschalk 
 and Schmidt’s fine laces, and the bright-coloured Viennese 
 shawls of Hlavatsch and Isbaus ; on the other, Brijalte’s figured 
 silk damasks, and Kostner’s richly-embroidered sacerdotal 
 
 vestments. 
 
202 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 of their dwellings ; but it is not sufficient to have warmth, this 
 must, be obtained at a low cost especially for the poor who 
 require it most, and have least to expend in procuring it. 
 
 Akerlind has supplied this want with his apparatus shown 
 in one of Vasa’s rooms. This stove, intended for the working 
 classes, consumes equally well wood, coal and turf; with a 
 very small quantity of fuel it spreads a pleasant warmth in 
 the apartment, and supplies at the same time a kitchen furnace 
 in which the labourer’s wife can prepare her husband’s dinner. 
 
 By the side of this we find a Norwegian house, a good 
 type of these northern structures where wood is the chief 
 material employed ; therein is collected a complete assortment 
 of fishing implements, and all that concerns navigation. 
 
 We are surprised to notice Sweden so badly represented in 
 the Machine Gallery; for a country which supplies all 
 parts g! the world with iron, it appears to make very little 
 use of it at home. We find nothing but an iron tower from 
 the mechanical workshops of Arboga, a pump from that of 
 Matala, and a powerful machine for drilling holes in mines 
 by Bergstrone, of Filipstaa ; on the other hand we have ninety- 
 seven exhibitors in "the section of mines and metallurgy. 
 Utansive, Alkvettern, Borgvik, Fredriksberg, Storfors, Fors- 
 backa, Hellefors, Smedjebacken, Oelsboda, Laxa, Svana, 
 Ouarntorp, and many more compete with each other for the 
 beauty of their ores, castings, and rolled bars ; these iron-' 
 works extend as far as Lulea in Lapland, some specimens 
 from which place are shown. 
 
 Bessemer’s process for casting steel appears to be very 
 generally adopted in Sweden ; it is used to make those very 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 209 
 
 As the head of Swedish artists we shall naturally place 
 H. M. Charles XV., who exhibits a landscape offered to the 
 Emperor of the French. A picture painted by a King for 
 an Emperor ! that is what may be called the aristocracy of 
 art. 
 
 Among plebeian artists, we may mention Wallander, who 
 has a charming picture representing a young maid plucking a 
 daisy ; Ankarkrona, who shows two African battle scenes 
 of a good colour ; Kiorboe and his spirited hunts, and 
 Eloeckert, whose Lapland sketches are very original. 
 
 The most remarkable Norwegian picture is Tidemand’s 
 Single Combat in Ancient times . One of the combatants 
 stretched on a bench is struggling in the agonies of death, 
 whilst his adversary is carried away grievously wounded. 
 In the middle stands an old woman who is cursing the 
 brawlers, and whose irate face is full of expression. 
 
 o 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 221 
 
 easily conceive that such a big fellow was not afraid of a 
 giant. 
 
 Cambi’s three statuettes are much admired. Love begging , 
 in particular, is a charming composition, and many were the 
 sous dropped by the passers-by into the shell held by the 
 malicious little God ; which sous were, we suppose, subse¬ 
 quently pocketed by the gardien , as being the living repre¬ 
 sentative of Dan Cupid. 
 
 Passing to the Picture Gallery, we first examine the large 
 paintings representing the Abdication of some Duke of Flo¬ 
 rence, which obtained the great prize ; we suppose, however, 
 it was' more on account of its dimensions than of its merits, 
 for the figures are badly grouped and too crowded. 
 
 We much prefer some of the smaller pictures in this room, 
 such as Lasso reading his poem , and the Pompeian Baths , both 
 by Morelli, of Naples. The latter especially is very well 
 handled. 
 
 As genre pictures, we shall mention two charming sketches 
 by Induna, the Letter from the Campy and the Garibaldian s 
 recital; also, Private life , by Gouinet ; and the Singing Lesson , 
 by Bianchi. 
 
 Hamon has found imitators in Italy ; Miola gives us two 
 scenes from the antique, which are, if anything, superior in 
 in colour to the French painter f s productions. 
 
 We do not much admire Palizzi’s Issuing from the Ark . 
 His animals are well modelled, but the shades are too loud. 
 We much prefer the Herd of Oxen by the same artist, which 
 is in Rosa Bonheur’s style. 
 
 The Scene de Calentaro may be thus described : wooden 
 
Dr. Salviati’s Venetian Glass. 
 
 THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 223 
 
 Dr. Salviati has accomplished for glass. His manufactory a£ 
 Doccia, near Florence, sends a splendid assortment of porce= 
 
 lain, both in the ancient and modern styles. His vases, with 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 - 238 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 EGYPT, TUNIS, MOROCCO, PERSIA, AND THE FAR EAST. 
 
 The most attractive portion of the Egyptian Exhibition is un¬ 
 doubtedly the series of buildings erected in the Park, which 
 illustrate both ancient and modern Egypt. 
 
 In the first place we have the Okel where real natives, 
 varying in shade from light brown to ebony black, work 
 at several trades. Among those artizans one who at¬ 
 tracts a great share of attention, is the turner, a grave old 
 man, who slowly guides with his left toe the blade of the 
 lathe, whilst he wields with his right hand a bow which 
 causes it to revolve. A more primitive apparatus it is impos¬ 
 sible to imagine ; it has probably been handed down from 
 father to son since the time of the Pharaohs. 
 
 If men show a preference for the turner, ladies seem more 
 interested with the jeweller who manufactures quaint rings, 
 necklaces, bracelets and anklets out of gold and silver filigree. 
 
 A little further we see a barber shaving his countrymen in 
 true Oriental fashion. 
 
 In the recess behind the stall is sometimes seen an Egyp¬ 
 tian cooking his dinner, and we must add that the odours 
 emanating from his kettle do not tempt us to”put to the test 
 the renowned Eastern hospitality. 
 
262 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 and in their lakes, the fruits which fill their orchards, and of 
 which we see some tempting well-preserved specimens ; we 
 must admit, that the Americans possess a real land of 
 cockayne destined perhaps one day to be the store-house of 
 the whole world. 
 
 Even wine is now commencing to be made in the United 
 States. Ohio, Missouri, Pensylvania, New York, California, 
 &c., exhibit their red and white wines, some of which are 
 dry, and others sparkling. The Catawba seems to be the 
 favourite mark. Honourable mentions were granted to Long- 
 worth, to Werk & Co., and to C. Bottlers of Cincinnati; to the 
 Viticultural Company of San Francisco, and to the American 
 Wine Company of Saint-Louis, all for spar kling wines. 
 
 This is certainly a slight encouragement, but we think that 
 out of the ninety-one gold, two hundred and three silver, and 
 two hundred and sixty-one bronze medals allotted to that 
 class, the Jury might have shown itself more liberal towards 
 American wines, which, if they have not yet attained the per¬ 
 fection of European growths, have at all events the great 
 merit of novelty. 
 
 Messrs. P. & D. Smith carried a bronze medal for their 
 ales, and the Pleasant Valley Wine Company an honourable 
 mention for their brandies. 
 
 The samples of cotton are not so numerous as one would 
 expect from a country which for a long time supplied all 
 other markets ; it is easy to see that the plantations are still 
 suffering from the effects of the late civil commotion. Among 
 the exhibitors who obtained the highest rewards, we may 
 mention L. Troeger, of Black-Hawk-Point •, V. Meyer, of Con¬ 
 cordia ; Humphreys, of Louisiana, and the State of Alabama. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 273 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 
 
 When we have informed our readers that the Official 
 Catalogue of the British section occupies nearly twelve hun¬ 
 dred closely printed pages, and that we have but a few leaves 
 at our disposal to condense this matter therein, we hope it 
 will be a sufficient apology for all omissions and short-com¬ 
 ings. 
 
 The contents of the British section are for the most part 
 highly interesting, but the tout ensemble does not offer that 
 commanding aspect which might be expected from the greatest 
 industrial nation in the world. This is owing partly to the 
 small space doled out to the generality of exhibitors, partly to 
 the want of regular arrangement, every one having displayed 
 his own wares with true British independence without the 
 slightest attempt to make them harmonize with those of his 
 neighbour. 
 
 Imbued with the same spirit of irregularity, we shall perform 
 our task at random, and commence with the most attractive 
 spot, the Jewellers’ Court. There we are always sure to 
 meet a bevy of fair and fashionable ladies ; like butterflies 
 alighting on the most brilliant flowers, they crowd round 
 
 these cases which shine with a thousand lights, and seem 
 
 ■ 
 
 s 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 296 
 
 So far, so good, for perfumery and chemistry have some 
 connection together, but we should like to know under what 
 plea the Kamptulicon india-rubber floor-cloth was placed 
 among chemicals, whilst Treloar’s cocoa-nut matting is 
 in Class 18 with Morton’s & Humphries’ Kidderminster 
 carpets, Nairn’s floor-cloth, Gregory’s velvet pile, &c. 
 
 Perfumery Cottage. 
 
 Class 25 (Perfumery), is not so well represented here as it 
 was in 1862, some of the leading houses having kept away. 
 The best show of soaps and perfumes is made by Atkinson, 
 Pears, N. Price, Piesse and Lubin, Cleaver, Lewis and Yard- 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 333 
 
 turpentine, we proposed to use them for scenting toilet soaps. 
 The experiment was tried, and having been successful, these 
 essential oils have taken their rank among perfumery mate¬ 
 rials, a result of which we own we are somewhat proud. 
 We may add that the emanations proceeding from that genus 
 of trees are held by medical men to be very beneficial to the 
 respiratory organs (as are those of pine forests), and this is an 
 additional recommendation for the extended use of those oils. 
 
 Manufactured articles are not shown by Victoria to any 
 great extent; yet ffiey are sufficient in number and quality 
 to show an earnest desire on the part of the colonists to rival 
 the productions of the mother country. 
 
 The South Australian Court, which adjoins this, has the 
 finest show of wheat in the Exhibition, some of it weighing 
 as much as 68 to 69lbs. per bushel. This Colony is the 
 chief grain producing region in Australia ; although the 
 average yield is but small (12 to 14 bushels per acre) the 
 harvest of 1867 produced 6,652,000 of wheat, which may 
 give some idea of the extent of the land under cultivation. 
 
 The mineral products of South Australia form also a 
 prominent feature in its prosperity, and they are daily 
 increasing in importance, for their exportation, which in 1861 
 amounted only to £452,000, reached in 1866 the sum of 
 £824,500. They principally consist in copper, argentife¬ 
 rous lead and bismuth. Copper is the most abundant, and 
 specimens of ore are sent from a dozen different exhibitors, 
 some, from the Burra-Burra mines, being in the shape of 
 fibrous malachite (green carbonate of copper). 
 
 The South Australians have taken great pains in acquaint¬ 
 ing us with the natural history of their Colony by sending a 
 
334 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 case of no less than 4,000 insects, specimens of stuffed 
 animals and birds, a collection of fish from St. Vincent’s gulf, 
 and an herbarium of native plants and sea-weeds, which 
 are all highly interesting. The information is completed by 
 a few well executed photographs of fruit-trees by T. Duryea. 
 
 Wine is now made throughout Australia, but in no part 
 of the Colony has it been produced, hitherto, with such 
 perfection and in such quantities as in South Australia. 
 There, the vines imported from France, from the Rhine, and 
 from Spain thrive admirably, and seven thousand acres qf 
 land are at present devoted to that culture, producing 
 about 840,000 gallons of wine, besides some tons of grapes 
 not used for wine; a much larger average than is usually 
 given by the vintages of other countries. 
 
 Of New Zealand we have but little to say, its show being 
 very meagre and offering nothing new nor remarkable. We 
 own we expected better things from such a well-to-do 
 Colony. 
 
 Having now completed our tour “ all round the v/orld 
 it remains for us to pay our sincere tribute of praise to Mr. P. 
 L. Simmonds, the delegate of the Colonies, for the careful 
 and scientific manner in which he classed the numerous and 
 varied products confided to his care, and for the unremitting 
 courtesy with which he was always ready to give any expla¬ 
 nations required respecting them, thus tending in no small 
 degree to advance the' interests of the Colonies which he 
 so ably represented. 
 
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 THE BOOK OF PERFUMES. 
 
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 Rich copies, bound in moire antique, same as presented to, and graciously 
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ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
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 The oldest and parent of all others. 
 
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 TWO PRIZE MEDALS “for the Quality and Cheapness of his Scientific Collections 
 STATHAM’S SCXHXUTIPIC AMUSEMENTS supply an easy and 
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 They consist of carefully selected assortments of Chemical re-agents. Apparatus, &c., fitted 
 into Portable Laboratories, and Cabinets, some of which are expressly arranged for ama¬ 
 teurs and beginners , whilst others are adapted to the requirements of Professors, Lecturers, 
 Schoolmasters, &c., and for scientific investigation generally; and from their portability 
 and completeness all are extremely convenient for country residents, and for exportation 
 to the Colonies and foreign possessions. 
 
 *»* See Notice, pages 291 to 293 of this work. 
 
 STATHAM’S CHSmCAX. AMUSEMENT CHESTS and POR¬ 
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 Laboratory,” 12s. 6d.; “Students’ Chemical Cabinets,” 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., 63s., 168s. 
 “ Economic Laboratory,” £5 5s. and £1010s (these are the best for exportation); “ Agricul¬ 
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 STATHAM’S ELECTRICA1. AMUSEMENT. Sets, 30s., 42s., 63s., 
 
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 STATHAM’S PHOTOGRAPHIC AMUSEMENT. Sets, 47 s. 6 < 1 ., 
 
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 STATHAM’S ELECTROTYPE AMUSEMENT. Sets, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 
 
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 STATHAM’S DISSOLVING VIEWS (Apparatus complete), £6 6s., 
 
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 STATHAM’S MODEL STEAM ENGINES, 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 25s., 
 
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 And numberless other Scientific Amusements, Educational Toys, &c„ for which see Illustrated 
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 W. Ei STATHAM, 111, 4, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 
 
THE PARIS. EXHIBITION. 
 
 5 
 
 witness these Olympic games of the whole world, where all 
 nations, vieing with each other in intellect, seem to rush 
 together in the endless course of progress towards an ideal 
 which is constantly approached without being ever attained. 
 
 “ From all points of the earth, representatives of science, 
 arts and industry have eagerly flocked, and it may be said 
 that both people and kings have come to honour the efforts of 
 labour, and crown them by their presence with an idea of 
 conciliation and peace. 
 
 “ In those large gatherings, which appear to have only ma¬ 
 terial objects in view, a moral thought always springs out of 
 the concourse of intellect, a thought of concord and civiliza¬ 
 tion. Nations, by drawing together, learn to know and 
 esteem each other ; antipathies become extinct, and this 
 great truth acquires more and more credit, that the prosperity 
 of each country contributes to the prosperity of all. 
 
 “ The Exhibition of 1867 is justly entitled to be called 
 Universal , for it combines the elements of all the riches of the 
 globe ; by the side of the last improvements of modern art 
 are displayed the products of the most remote times, so that 
 it represents at the same time the genius of all ages and of 
 all nations. It is universal, for besides the marvels engendered 
 by luxury for some, it provides for the necessities of a greater 
 number. The interests of the labouring classes have never 
 awakened a more lively sollicitude. Their moral and material 
 wants, education, conditions of cheap living, combination of 
 associations, have formed the subject of patient researches and 
 serious studies. Thus all improvements proceed on a par. 
 If science, making a slave of matter, enfranchises labour, the 
 
46 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 obtained, in a Court of Justice, a verdict compelling the 
 restaurants to withdraw their tables and chairs into the 
 interior, which decision half-ruined them. This was one 
 of the many unpleasant consequences of that system of 
 exactions, which led the Imperial Commissioners to sacrifice 
 the interest of many to those of a few. 
 
 On proceeding round the gallery, on the left from the 
 Grand Vestibule, we meet first three French Restaurants, 
 Rouze, Gousset, and the “ Diner Europeen ,” who worthily 
 sustain the reputation of Parisian cookery. 
 
 “ Man is an animal that cooks for himself,” said a philoso¬ 
 pher ; these rivals of Vefour and Very endeavour to prove, 
 
 that, in this respect at least, the French are the first of men. 
 
 \ 
 
 We next come to a series of saloons, decorated with the 
 pompous name of “ Salons francais,” and which the lessee, 
 who paid for them the modest rental of 200,000 francs, 
 ( £*8,000) intended for toilet, conversation, reading-rooms, 
 &c. Finding it however a most disastrous spec, he was fain 
 to turn his space into the most motley assemblage, from a 
 cheap beef-soup shop to a theatre ticket-office, from a toy 
 warehouse to shows, such as that of Chang the Chinese 
 giant, and the so-called Decapitated Head , although, by the 
 bye, how a head could be decapitated would puzzle a scholar 
 to explain. 
 
 After that, we see a permanent and public tasting office, 
 displaying a tempting array of ruby and amber bottles, then 
 an open bar for the sale of Strasbourg beer, ornamented with 
 the arms and signs of the principal brewers of that city, a 
 shop for Algerian produce, served by bright-eyed Arabs of 
 dubious cleanliness, and a Dutch estaminet , where buxom 
 
4 6 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 cashmere shawls, which works with a single set of patterns 
 instead of two, thereby effecting a great saving. 
 
 An apparatus, by Barres, for unwinding silk out of the 
 cocoons, excites great attention. It is very curious to watch 
 the cocoons leaping about in their hot-water bath, hung by a 
 slender thread which rapidly winds round a bobbin suspended 
 above, and seldom breaks although as fine as a spider’s web. 
 
 Our space will not -allow us to describe all the ma¬ 
 chines exhibited in this section, but we may mention among 
 the most remarkable a wool-combing machine, by Fiecheux- 
 Laine of Rouen ; a power-loom, by Sixte-Villain of Lille ; a 
 loom for weaving ribbons, by Jayot of Paris ; a wool spinning 
 loom, by Rys-Catteau of Roubaix ; and a web-loom, with 
 electrical apparatus, by Radiguet & Lecene of Paris, which 
 all exhibit some decided improvements. 
 
 A steam engine of 120 horse-power, by Powell of Rouen, 
 and another one of less power by Le Gavrian & Son of Lille, 
 set all this machinery in motion. 
 
 By the side of these machines, which are worked by the 
 agency of steam, we see others where man has simply called 
 the science of mechanism to his aid to increase and direct 
 the labour of his hands. 
 
 We notice.among those the curious hand-looms used by 
 the Lyon workmen to manufacture silks, for it is well-known 
 that this city does not possess any large manufactory, each 
 artizan working at home, and being generally assisted by his 
 wife and family. T'he average price of these looms is from 
 £ 16 to £20. A great quantity of the hosiery made at Troyes 
 is also made with hand-looms. 
 
 Harding-Cocker of Lille, a French house with an English 
 
66 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 £2,280 ; another valued at. £5,800; both of auriferous 
 silver. 
 
 The Denain, Montataire and Panchot mines exhibit their 
 ores of iron and copper, as well as those metals in bars and 
 sheets. A wire-maker, to show the tenuity he can give to 
 his work, shows a wig made of brass-wire, a very econo¬ 
 mical thing, no doubt, as it would wear out many heads. 
 
 The French Government have a very interesting collection 
 of all the minerals found in the country, symmetrically 
 arranged with labels describing their composition and place 
 of production. 
 
 Japy Brothers, who are large manufacturers of culinary 
 utensils, display a huge pyramid of * saucepans, cullenders 
 and coffee-pots. 
 
 Mr. Oudry’s system of bronzing metals is worth noting ; 
 he covers pieces of cast-iron with an impalpable copper 
 powder by means of electricity, and obtains thereby a 
 perfect imitation of bronze free from the clogging usually 
 produced by other processes. 
 
 Mr. Zegut, disdaining all deception, presents us with cast- 
 iron statues and ornaments in their natural crude colour. 
 His most remarkable piece is a bust of the Emperor of 
 Austria, made in thirteen days from a photography, and 
 nevertheless an excellent likeness. It was- presented to 
 Francis-Joseph on his recent visit to Paris. 
 
 Messrs. Ste-Marie-Dupre Brothers, who succeeded M. 
 Dupre, the original inventor of metallic capsules, show a 
 very fine assortment of these ingenious coverings which are 
 largely used by wine-dealers, pickle-makers, perfumers, &c. 
 
 We pass through the section of furs which seems guarded 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 9 1 
 
 flagons, coffers, jewel boxes, See. shown by Mr. Rudolphi, 
 Mr. Fanniere, and Mr. Coflignon. We prefer illustrating a few 
 specimens of the talent of these modern rivals of Benvenuto 
 Cellini who add to metals already precious in themselves, the 
 far greater value of the work bestowed upon them. 
 
 Renaissance Jewel box, CoIBgnon. 
 
 The manufacture of bronze is one in which the Parisians 
 excel ; under their skilful handling it assumes all shapes, 
 either useful like clocks, lamps and candelabra, or purely 
 ornamental like statues, vases and cups. 
 
 The leading house in that trade is Barbedienne, whose 
 splendid show on the boulevard, some of our readers may 
 probably have had occasion to admire. His exhibition, placed 
 
92 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 under a gigantie canopy, comprises among other things,- a 
 handsome cabinet in the Moorish style ; a Renaissance mirror 
 with a frame bronzed, gilt, and silvered, two excellent busts 
 of Voltaire and Rousseau, a clever reduction of the “ Floren¬ 
 tine musician” oFDubois, a bronze coffer with a new sort of 
 gold and silver mosaic, and many other marvels of good 
 taste fit for princely mansions. 
 
 Among the remarkable pieces shown by other manulac- 
 
 Egyptian Vase, Lemaire. 
 
 urers, we may mention an Egyptian vase by Lem tire, a 
 
102 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Lamp, Schlossmacher. 
 
 We shall leave unnoticed the cutlery and leatner-work as 
 containing nothing very new or remarkable. 
 
 At the end of this Gallery we find the Perfumery Court 
 which is very tastefully arranged and which offers .to 
 
 of aluminium and potassium melted in a porcelain crucible. 
 It is also largely used for dinner table services and for mount¬ 
 ing jewellery. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 113 
 
 justice to the merit of the work, that we do not like these two 
 figures thrust so violently in the corners of the mouth ; this 
 unhappy man who devoured his children to preserve them a 
 father , as said a wit, seems to be making strange efforts to 
 swallow the rest of his family, who are clinging to his knees. 
 
 Mr. Aime Millet presents us with an Ariadne , so seductive, 
 that it is difficult to believe any one could have had the bad 
 taste to abandon her. 
 
 The Angelina of Carrier Belleuse is full of that feminine 
 grace which this celebrated sculptor knows so well how to 
 express, and which fully realises the poetic ideal of Ariosto ; 
 very different as regards subject and treatment, but equally 
 beautiful is his Virgin showing the infant Saviour to the world , 
 a sublime face beaming with celestial rays. 
 
 Mr. Carrier Belleuse is no less successful in his busts ; the 
 portraits of Theophile Gautier, and Pauline Viardot, are life¬ 
 like in form and expression. 
 
 We may mention also as very remarkable, the heads of 
 Enfantin, by Millet ; Auguste Comte, by Etex ; and Cobden, 
 by Oliva. The busts of Napoleon I,, taken at every epoch 
 of his life, from Brienne to St. Elelena, are grouped around 
 his full length statue by Guillaume, and form a very interest¬ 
 ing collection,, 
 
 Before we pass to the pictures, we will say a few words 
 respecting a novel kind of coloured basso relievo , or as we may 
 term it, inlaid marble, representing biblical subjects, which 
 are intended for the Wolsey Chapel at Windsor. 
 
 This new style of work named by its inventor, (the Baron 
 Triqueti), tarsia de marbre , consists in cutting out the out¬ 
 line and shades of the figures, the cavity formed being 
 
 H 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 *35 
 
 sheep is indigenous to the country, and was introduced by 
 the Arabs into Spain. Now model-farms have been es¬ 
 tablished at Laghouat and Ben-Chicoa to propagate pure 
 races, and the result is that the exportation of Algerian wool 
 has reached an annual average of fifteen thousand tons, at a 
 price of about three pounds per hundredweight. We remark 
 several natives among the chief exhibitors, such as Ab ier- 
 rahman-ben-Gondouz, Ben-Mira-ben-Messaoud, and Moul- 
 el-Akba-ben-Taieb, who are all large sheep-owners. 
 
 Silk has suffered of late years owing to a disease raging 
 among the worms. It is to be hoped this will soon disappear, 
 as there are enough mulberry trees to feed a much greater 
 number of worms. 
 
 The Colony produces several textile plants : one called 
 asclepiade , gives a sort of silk ; the abutilon indicum produces 
 tow ; the cor chorus textilis is used to make sacks, and useful 
 filaments are extracted from the agave, the banana, and the 
 urt'ica nivea or China-grass, which grows luxuriantly. 
 
 Oleaginous plants are • equally numerous and comprise 
 colza, castor-berries, ground nuts, rape-seed, cameline (mya- 
 grum sativum), poppy, sesamum, madia sativa from Chili, 
 and the oleiferous radish of China. 
 
 We shall close the list of the products of the soil with 
 white and red wines, br.mdy and liqueurs which are exhibited 
 ill tolerable quantities. 
 
 Among Algerian'rrlanufactures, those due to the,natives 
 are much more interesting than those which come from 
 Europeans j for the former have preserved their original 
 stamp* whilst the latter are only imperfect imitations of what 
 is done elsewhere; 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 r 57 
 
 dron, of Lodelinsart, who always carried the first prizes for 
 his glass. Crystal is not much made in Belgium ; still the 
 products of the Herbatte Company in that line are very credit¬ 
 able. The only representatives of the ceramic art entitled to 
 a notice are Boch Brothers. 
 
 We have but few lines at our disposal to mention other 
 industries which, without being very important in Belgium, 
 still give signs of improvement. Let us, therefore, quote in 
 a lump, as worthy of remark, some fine carpets from the Royal 
 manufactory of Tournay ; leather for coach-making and 
 binding from Schmitz ; Tasson & Wascher’s wood mosaic 
 flooring ; Laysen-Kreyich tasteful jewels ; Jouniaux & Co.’s 
 and Collin Benson’s gloves ; Snyers-Rang’s furniture ; an 
 elegant console with mirror by Polcnann & Dalk; Van der 
 Meersch’s imitations of wood and marble ; Potaux-Haas’ 
 leather goods; Somze-Mahy’s brushes ; Schaltin-Pierry’s 
 Spa Elixir, a delicious liqueur ; and Moedbech-Pardon’s 
 biscottes so well-known to all gourmands. 
 
 Belgium is no less famed for its artistic than it is for its in¬ 
 dustrial merits. The great masters of the Flemish schools 
 have founded a sort of dynasty, and Rubens, Teniers and 
 Ruysdael have many worthy followers among modern painters. 
 
 Not considering the space granted them in the Fine Arts 
 Gallery as sufficient for her Exhibition, Belgium built her¬ 
 self a pavilion in the Park wherein to locate her pictures and 
 statues, and we may add that it has been rarely our lot to 
 view so many master-pieces crowded into such a small space. 
 We only regret to be unable to do them more ample justice. 
 
 The historical style is not predominant in this collection ; 
 we may, however, mention as very remarkable the Defeat oj 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Costumes of North Germany, 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 171 
 
 This is what we call true and legitimate progress ; after 
 all, the only real source of riches is that which is derived 
 from the soil; all the rest is speculation or change of hands. 
 We sincerely congratulate the Prussians on this accession 
 of wealth, but we own, with our peaceful notions, that we 
 shall hail with delight the day when instead of turning their 
 metallic treasures into needle-guns , they will only use them 
 for industrial or artistic purposes. 
 
 That the artistic feeling is strong in that country, is proved 
 by the Exhibition of the Royal Berlin Foundry, comprising 
 many charming statues, and among others, two life-like lions, 
 one sleeping, the other awake. Pohl’s group of wrestlers 
 is also very fine, and Count Van 
 Stalberg has a series of cast-iron 
 cups of great merit. 
 
 We may also notice Lovinson’s 
 furniture which is in exquisite 
 taste, and Stevesandt’s carved 
 pannels which form charming 
 ornaments for dining-rooms. 
 
 The saline products of Prussia 
 are shown under a vault of rock- 
 salt, which recalls by its shape 
 and colour that of Lucerne, 
 wherein is placed Thorwalsden’s 
 celebrated wounded lion. 
 
 German chemicals are de - 
 servedly famed ; we specially 
 remark the ultramarines of Zelt- 
 ner, Nuremberg,and the colours of Heyl Brothers, of Berlin, 
 which are said to be in no way pernicious. 
 
KRCOM^gCTlONS OF 
 
 T84 
 
 Austrian jewellery, although inferior to the Paris or 
 London work, is not destitute of finish, It excels principally 
 in Bohemian mounted garnets of which Bubeniceck, of 
 Prague, and Goldschmidt, of Vienna, show the best 
 assortment. 
 
 What is properly called Viennese ware consists in fans, 
 coffers, leather goods, ormolu ornaments, in fact all what is 
 
 Crystal Cup mounted in bronze, Lobmeyer. 
 
 termed in German galanterie , probably from the purpose to 
 which it is usually applied, Klein and Krebs who share 
 
2 l8 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Russian costumes are highly interesting and diversified, as 
 may be expected with such an extensive territory. We illus¬ 
 trate those which appear to us the most picturesque. 
 
 The mosaic pictures executed from the designs of Professor 
 NefF, and sent by the Imperial establishment at Petersburg 
 are very fine, and would appear still more so were they not 
 in the dangerous proximity of Dr. Salviati’s beautiful pro¬ 
 ductions which are in the opposite Court. 
 
 We find here those little images of Saints in the Byzantine 
 style, with the heads and hands framed in heavy gilt orna¬ 
 ments, which are to be seen in Russia, with a lamp burning 
 before them, in dwelling-houses, in workshops and even in 
 railway stations, which by the bye is somewhat embarrassing, 
 as etiquette compels you to remain uncovered wherever those 
 pious emblems are affixed. 
 
 We remark, on our way, two fine pianos from Warsaw, 
 some magnificent porcelain from the Imperial manufactory, 
 and the model, by a Frenchman, Felix Glossier, of an ex¬ 
 piatory chapel, to commemorate the late attempt to assassinate 
 the Emperor. 
 
 In the Fine Art section the most striking picture is an Inun¬ 
 dation, by Flavilsky ; a woman standing on her bed is cling¬ 
 ing desperately to the wall, and sees with the utmost terror 
 the water gradually rising and driving towards her a swarm 
 of hideous rats. 
 
 PerofTs genre paintings are very .clever. We admire above 
 all his group of children, with their eyes red and their 
 lips blue with cold, drawing a hand-cart through the snow. 
 An old woman’s head, by Horarsky, is nature itself and 
 might be signed Ribera* 
 
TI-IE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 *3 l 
 
 The furs are in great variety ; side by side are found the 
 skins of the pole-cat, fox, stag, sable, jackal, tiger, lion, 
 leopard, wolf, beaver, goat, sheep, and black stillborn lamb 
 called Astrakhan. 
 
 The magnificent collection of medicinal and pharmaceutical 
 products sent by Faik-Bey (G. della Suda), director of the 
 Civil and Military Pharmacy, does honour to that learned 
 practician. It contains an immense quantity of precious sub¬ 
 stances indigenous to the soil of Turkey, including opium, 
 which constitutes an important branch of trade. 
 
 Faik-Bey also sends an interesting series of essential oils, 
 made from native plants and flowers ; that called Aivadane 
 has an aroma peculiarly sweet and penetrating. 
 
 Nineteen-twentieths of the otto of roses used by commerce 
 are produced by Turkey. This delicious essence is manu¬ 
 factured in the neighbourhood of Adrianople and is still 
 worth about its weight in gold.. 
 
 Among the cereals, we notice four sorts of Indian corn, 
 yellow, red, white and black; also wheat, barley, rye, rice, 
 sorgho and millet. 
 
 Salonica, Janina, Adrianople and Trebizond supply that 
 fine tobacco which is so delightful when slowly smoked in 
 the narghilleh with its long winding tube and its bowl float¬ 
 ing in rose water. 
 
 The East is pre-eminently, as every one knows, the land of 
 embroidery. These people, so childish in their tastes, love to 
 decorate with rich and capricious arabesques every thing round 
 them, their clothing, their furniture, their tapestries and the 
 trappings of their horses. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 244 
 
 well imitated, as are also the staircases, balconies, roofs, &c. 
 One finds here some real natives, and among others two 
 young girls, A-no'f and A-tchoe, who despite their yellow com¬ 
 plexion are rather pretty, and smoke with a nonchalant air in small 
 silver pipes while they preside at a kind of bazaar, where tea 
 and Chinese wares are sold by their handmaid Assam. Thus 
 far we find plenty of couleur locale , but why should they give 
 us beefsteaks at the restaurant instead of swallow nests, and 
 European tumblers and jugglers at the theatre in lieu of 
 the touching dramas of the Celestial Empire ? 
 
 Returning to the interior gallery, we have some difficulty 
 in discovering Egypt, whose products are confounded with 
 those of its neighbours as regards position and style. 
 
 These products, nevertheless, deserve special attention; we 
 first remark some fine specimens of wheat, cotton, sesamum, 
 opium, Indian corn, indigo, which all grow on the Viceroy’s 
 private plantations, and which prove the wonderful fertility 
 of the soil and the progress which agriculture has made in 
 this country, under the government of enlightened sovereigns. 
 
 Manufactures are also very interesting in another point of 
 view ; the workmanship has perhaps not attained a very high 
 state of perfection, but the taste displayed is generally very 
 artistic. They chiefly comprise cabinets - f chests, coffers, cou¬ 
 ches, inlaid with ivory or pearl, glass of all colours, gilt 
 furniture of various forms, ornamented with arabesques inter¬ 
 mingled with coufic characters, bracelets, earrings, candlesticks 
 in gold and silver filigree, Cairo jewellery in coral, eme¬ 
 ralds and turquoise, lanthorns of painted glass, vases of 
 Oriental alabaster, coffee services, perfume burners, richly 
 mounted pipes, in a word all the luxurious appendages of 
 Eastern life. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 255 
 
 constructed; and their high wheels must insure great speed 
 of motion. 
 
 Among agricultural machines of every description, we 
 remark Comstock’s rotatory plough, which economises horse 
 and manual labour •, Douglas’s hydraulic rams and pumps, and 
 Herring’s hay-making machine, which being driven through 
 the field turns over the hay with its long hooks. 
 
 Herring’s Haymaking machine. 
 
 A little further on, in the Park, we come to Baker’s model 
 baking-house, where the celebrated Boston crackers are 
 kneaded, rolled, baked and sold by steam. 
 
 As we pass along, let us give a look at the famous miniature 
 yacht, Red, White and Blue, which under the guidance of the 
 energetic Captain Hudson, assisted by only one man, succeeded 
 in crossing the Atlantic in thirty-eight days, although the 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 265 
 
 Before leaving the Industrial Department, we must say a 
 few words of the Hawalan kingdom, which is almost an 
 American colony. The collection of fibres sent by govern¬ 
 ment, the fine samples of wool collected by Mr. Janion, the 
 HawaTan consul, and the specimens of sugar, rice, pulu , a sort 
 of cotton, kalo ( arum esculentum) largely used for food, and 
 other native produce augur well for the future of that country, 
 which has been transformed in less than a century from a bar¬ 
 barous state to one of advanced civilization. The volcanic 
 products contributed by Mr. Crosnier de Varigny, minister 
 of Foreign Affairs at Honolulu, aie also very interesting. 
 
 On our way to the Fine Arts Court we remark three small 
 terra-cotta groups, which are very spirited. Uncle Ned's school 
 in particular is an exquisite little sketch. 
 
 The American Picture Gallery is small but honourably 
 filled. Sam Slick’s notion of buying statues by weight and 
 pictures by the square yard is evidently out of date, for 
 Transatlantic artists are now quite able to compete with their 
 European brethren. 
 
 The first picture which attracts our attention is'a Reception 
 at the Republican Court in the time of Washington , by Hunting- 
 ton ; it is painted with the scrupulous exactness of a miniature, 
 and contains no less than sixty-four portraits of the leading 
 men and women of the period. 
 
 Leutze’s Mary Stuart hearing mass for the first time on her 
 return to France , is a charming scene, full of life and expres¬ 
 sion. 
 
 In Old Kentucky Homey Mr. Johnson shows us people of 
 all colours, from the white and pink young miss to the darkest 
 negro. Among the intermediate figures, there is a bewitching 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 267 
 
 CHAPTER XXV, 
 
 CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AMERICA. 
 
 The contributions of Central and Southern America are so 
 mixed up together at the Exhibition, that we shall have to 
 examine them collectively, and not one country after the other 
 as we generally do. They may be divided into three distinct 
 classes • the raw produce of the country, manufactures from 
 creoles, or settlers, and specimens of native industry. 
 
 The first of these classes naturally forms the largest and 
 most interesting collection, 
 
 Taking first the products yielded by the surface of the soil, 
 we find no less than two hundred and fifty-one exhibitors 
 from Brazil, in the section of “ agricultural products not 
 used for food.” 
 
 The Provinces of Para, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and Rio 
 Grande do Sul, send their tobacco, cotton, india-rubber, flax, 
 and hemp ; Rio Grande do Norte, Ceara, and Parana, show a 
 large assortment of wax, oils, and resins. 
 
 Vegetable fibres and tows offer an immense variety. Be¬ 
 sides the well-known kinds, like cocoa, aloe, pine-apple, and 
 wild nettles, there are quantities of new ones, such as tata- 
 juba , mntamata , cur ana, rnamore , tanarireya , mority , maissima , 
 ttfcum , granata , tucuman, periquita , acapourana , couraoua , embira , 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 2 74 
 
 never tired of contemplating these precious baubles which 
 are so powerful in drawing the admiration of some and the 
 envy of others. 
 
 As in 1862, Messrs. Hunt & Roskell, of Bond Street, have 
 the richest display. The Countess of Dudley’s diamonds * 
 which they exhibit, are worth alone the modest sum of one 
 hundred and sixty thousand pounds. They have besides a 
 very fine series of mounted stones, some of which appear 
 to be thrown negligently on the glass case serving as a 
 counter. On one occasion, a lady, after asking the price of 
 some of their iewels, threw innocently her handkerchief 
 over these loose stones, and drawing it precipitately a 
 
 minute after, was surprised to 
 see them still in the same place, 
 while the assistant seemed to 
 notice her unsuccessful haul with 
 a smile. The fact is that these 
 diamonds, although appearing to 
 lay on the surface of the glass, 
 are fixed underneath, a circum¬ 
 stance of which the light-fin¬ 
 gered dame was not aware, who 
 was fain to beat a hasty retreat 
 to hide her confusion and dis¬ 
 appointment; 
 
 Mr. Harry Emmanuel, of Bond 
 Pendent, Harry Emmanuel. Street, besides some fine jewels, 
 has a silver swan which proves an everlasting source of 
 amusement to the public ; it is majestically resting on a 
 lake made of looking-glass, and bends down its neck now 
 
Ransomes & Sims’ turnurist Plough. 
 
 THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 3°3 
 
 Kent’s knife-cleaning machine and other devices for simpli¬ 
 fying household work, 
 Pooley’s automatic scale 
 which, by an ingenious 
 arrangement, empty 
 themselves as soon as 
 the required weight is 
 made up, and Pullinger’s 
 mouse-trap in which each 
 captive resets the bait for 
 the following victim. 
 
 Agricultural machines 
 are principally exhibited 
 in the Island of Billan- 
 court. They comprise 
 the latest improvements 
 effected by our great and 
 justly celebrated makers, 
 such as Ransomes and 
 Sims, of Ipswich, Sa- 
 muelson, of Banbury, 
 Clayton & Shuttleworth, 
 of Lincoln, Howard, of 
 Bedford, Ashby & Jef¬ 
 fery, of Stamford, the 
 Atmospheric Churn 
 Company, Nicholson, of 
 Newark, the Beverley 
 Iron and Waggon Com¬ 
 pany, Coleman & Mor- 
 
tfliE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 & 
 
 flower vases made of emu eggs mounted in silver, and some 
 perfumes distilled from indigenous flowers by Mr. O’Neil, 
 chemist at Sydney. 
 
 A large collection of fossil remains of mammals, birds and 
 reptiles found in the caves of Wellington Valley and classified 
 by Mr. Gerard Krefft, offers great interest to the naturalist. 
 
 The gold production is an important feature in all Aus¬ 
 tralian colonies, but more especially in Victoria. It is 
 estimated that of its total area measuring 86,831 square miles, 
 at least one third is of auriferous character. Out of this 
 immense tract of ground only 464*000 acres* forming about 
 one fiftieth part, are yet opened up, and only 134,526 in 
 actual occupation; There is, therefore, plenty of the precious 
 metal left for future generations. 
 
 The two chief modes of gold niining, viz : quartz mining* 
 or working on the solid rock, and alluvial mining, or dealing 
 with drifts, employ together about 85,000 persons* whose 
 plant is wdrth nearly two million sterlirig. 
 
 We have already mentioned the obelisk figuring the bulk 
 of the gold yielded by Victoria, since its discovery in 1851, the 
 value of which amounted, up to the close of 1867, to nearly 
 orte hundred and fifty millions sterling. This obelisk had 
 already been exhibited in 1862, but it has since grown to 
 such an extent, that it was found necessary to place it in the 
 Machine Gallery, its height not allowing it to stand in the 
 Victorian department. 
 
 To give an idea of the lucky hits sometimes made by miners* 
 a model is shown of the monster nugget, justly styled Welcome , 
 which was found at Ballarat on the qth of June 1858, and 
 was worth £ 10,000. The largest nugget found, up to that 
 
iii. ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 SILVER 
 MEDAL. 
 
 PATRONISED BY TH EMPRESS EUGENIE. 
 
 THE 
 
 “VOWEL” WASHING MACHINE. 
 
 Awarded the only Prize Medal (a Silver one) at 
 the Paris Exhibition, 1867, being the ,85th Prize 
 awarded to the Patentees 
 
 “ Vowel ” A with Acorn Wringer ... £1 15 
 “ Vowel ” E Combined Washing, Wringing, 
 
 and Mangling Machine . 8 8 i 
 
 Silver Medal of the South Australian 
 Agricultural Society, presented by H.B.H. 
 the Duke of Edinburgh, at Adelaide, I 
 November, 1867. 
 
 A Month’s Trial allowed, and Carriage Free. 
 Illustrated Catalogues, 64 pages, Post Free. 
 
 | THOMAS BffiiMJFOlSD «£s Co, 
 
 63, Fleet Street, London ; Manchester and Dublin. 
 
 E. M. REILLY & Co., 
 
 ©OH An© RIFLE MAnaFAHTilEll, 
 
 5C2, New Oxford Street, London. 
 
 Branches 315, Oxford Street, London ; 2, Rue Scribe, Paris. 
 
 Illustrated Price Lists on application. Same prices in London as Paris 
 See page 306. 
 
 THE ART JOURNAL, 
 
 Edited by S. C. HALL, F.S.A., &c. 
 
 THE Art-Journal continues to be the only Work issued in Europe that 
 adequately represents the Fine Arts and the Arts of Industry and Manufac¬ 
 ture ; it is published to contain intelligence concerning every topic connected 
 with Art that can inform the Artist, the Amateur, the Student, the 
 Manufacturer, and the Artisan, and to convey to the general tublic 
 ! such information as may excite interest in Art, in all its ramifications; the 
 | aim of its Conductors being to produce not only a beautiful Work for the 
 Drawing-room, but one that shall be a suggestive aid in the Studio and the 
 Workshop. 
 
68 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 CLOTHING. 
 
 That part of the Clothing Court which faces the Grand 
 Vestibule is composed of handsome glass cases wherein are 
 displayed the most elegant novelties of wearing apparel from 
 the principal Parisian drapers and silk mercers; it need 
 scarcely be added that this spot possesses a particular charm 
 for ladies who crowd round to contemplate these costly 
 fabrics, richly embroidered dresses, and gorgeous Court 
 costumes. We must confess, however, at the risk of ap¬ 
 pearing a barbarian in the eyes of our fair readers, that the 
 place has not a similar attraction for us, and we shall even 
 question the propriety of admitting as exhibitors people who 
 manufacture nothing, and whose natural exhibition is their 
 shop-windows which can be seen every day. 
 
 We may perhaps be told in answer to our objection, that 
 these establishments represent Fashion, and that this capricious 
 and despotic sovereign has a perfect right to a place in a 
 department over which she holds her more than usual sway. 
 If it be so, we bow in humble submission and pass on, 
 contenting ourselves by mentioning as one of the greatest 
 eccentricities a dress representing a peacock, the tail forming 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 85 
 
 Carpets, which we have borrowed from the East, and 
 which replace the layer of “ sweet rushes ” of our fore¬ 
 fathers, have also attained in France a rare perfection. 
 
 Carpet, Mourceau. 
 
 We may quote as specimens the magnificent productions of 
 Aubusson, which may be termed a model manufactory, and 
 Mourceau’s carpets of various patterns which all exhibit great 
 taste. 
 
 What the Gobelins have done for tapestry, Sevres has ac¬ 
 complished for porcelain. Supported by Government, totally 
 regardless of gain, and making every sacrifice to procure the 
 best artists, the great Sevres manufactory has attained an ex¬ 
 cellence never surpassed if ever equalled. Its mural tablets 
 
88 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 which we remember to have seen in 1862, and on the sides 
 • an immense variety of cut glass, among which we remark 
 some very elegant aquaria serving at the same time for 
 flower-stands. 
 
 The Clichy crystal works although of less importance are 
 also worth noticing, but their imitations of ancient Venetian 
 glass are very inferior to those of Dr. Salviati in the Italian 
 department. 
 
 We _ find here gold and silver plate, which although 
 
 often manufactured 
 by jewellers have 
 been classed in a se¬ 
 parate group. 
 
 The central piece 
 in this court is Chris- 
 tofle’s magnificent 
 surtout belonging to 
 the City of Paris, 
 and representing the 
 ship accompanied 
 with marine attri¬ 
 butes, which this 
 most inland of capi¬ 
 tals has chosen for 
 its emblem. 
 
 Christofle also ex¬ 
 hibits a rich toilet 
 with statuettes by 
 Carrier-Beleuse and 
 
 Tea Urn, Christofle, 
 
9 ° 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Christofle’s in every point. His Ganymede is beautifully 
 executed, and is worthy of a place at the banquet of the gods. 
 
 Mr. Odiot’s exhibition quite justifies the reputation of 
 that eminent house. It comprises among other things a magni- 
 
 Flagon, Rudolphi. Cup, Fanniere. 
 
 ficent cup, presented to Mr. Petin, of Rive de Gier, by his 
 workmen. 
 
 We shall not attempt to describe the beautiful cups, ewers, 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. » 93 
 
 clock by Houdebine, a candelabrum by Lerolle, and a vase 
 of flowers by Matifat, the merits of which can be judged 
 by the accompanying illustrations. 
 
 Bronze Clock, Houdebine. 
 
 Whilst admiring these fine bronze works, however, we 
 must admit that their necessarily high price places them 
 beyond the reach of some classes, and the love of art has 
 now spread to such an extent throughout the people, that 
 the poorest like to adorn their dwellings with some object 
 
112 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 The Empress Josephine, by Dubray. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 l2 3 
 
 the palaces with elegant lamps, fantastically carved chests, 
 red earthen vases, perfumed hanging cassolettes, &c.; the 
 
 most interesting piece of this period, however, is an 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 T 32 
 
 We also see some fine specimens of mercury from Ras-el- 
 Ma, near Jemmapes ; some antimony ores from Hammimat- 
 Arko, and a sample of argenti-auriferous earth from Kef-oum- 
 Theboul. 
 
 Africa used to supply the Romans with some of their most 
 precious marbles. Those quarries became neglected during 
 the occupation of the Arabs, but they are now worked again 
 with great success. That splendid onyx, which we admired 
 in the Furniture Court, comes from Ain-Tekbaleh, in the 
 Province of Oran ; and the Filfila and Bougie marbles possess 
 the richest and most varied shades. 
 
 Forests are very numerous in Algeria and produce timber, 
 fancy woods, cork, resins and tanning materials. 
 
 Two sorts of oaks, the Quercus mirbeckii and the Quercus 
 castanea folia , both abundant in the Province of Algiers, yield 
 the finest timber. The fancy woods mostly used by cabinet¬ 
 makers are the thuya, which is beautifully veined, and the 
 pistachio, olive, cedar, juniper, jujube and lemon-tree. Cork 
 is gathered principally in the immense forest of Edough, near 
 Bone, and is equal to the finest Spanish. The Aleppo pine, 
 which is very plentiful, gives a resin as transparent as the 
 American. The barks of several species of oaks form excel¬ 
 lent tanning materials, and if the tannic acid could be extrac¬ 
 ted, to reduce carriage, it would form a profitable article of 
 export. 
 
 The Eucalyptus globulus which has been brought thither 
 from Australia, appears to thrive admirably, and when duly 
 propagated will prove a valuable addition to their sylvan 
 riches. 
 
 Three plants which grow abundantly in Algeria deserve 
 
176 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 and Hall of Glory, are replete with art treasures which 
 command universal admiration. It is no wonder, therefore, 
 that Bavarians thought it desirable to erect a place in the Park 
 specially devoted to their statuary and pictures. 
 
 Foremost among the works therein exhibited is a large 
 cartoon by Kaulbach, representing Luther bringing light to the 
 world. This composition is treated in a masterly style, and 
 the figures are full of life and expression, but it is difficult to 
 understand why the painter has grouped together not only all 
 great men cotemporaries of the Reformation, but also many 
 who lived some centuries before. 
 
 Hercules Musagetes , by Genelli, of Weimar, is a fine picture 
 divided into several compartments, and is intended to be exe¬ 
 cuted on the walls of a pavilion. 
 
 The canonization of St. Elisabeth of Hungary, by Liezenmayer, 
 is an impressive scene. The Emperor standing by the shrine 
 of the saint, places a crown on her head, and acknowledges 
 her as “ Queen in the kingdom of God.” 
 
 Piloty sends two fine paintings : Father Dominicus exhorting 
 the soldiers before the battle of Weissenberg , and the Heath oj 
 Ccesar. 
 
 The return of the Austrians after the battle of Solferino , by F. 
 Adam, is a heart-rending illustration of the horrors of war, 
 The defeated soldiers, wan, emaciated and smeared with gore, 
 are painfully dragging themselves along the dusty road, the 
 stronger assisting the weaker to walk, whilst the most badly 
 wounded are carried in an agonizing state on a peasant’s cart. 
 
 We may also mention as fine war scenes the Great Hetman 
 of Lithuania at the battle of Choczin , by Brandt, and the Storm - 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 l 19 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 AUSTRIA AND SWITZERLAND. 
 
 Whilst contemplating the varied riches of the soil of Austria, 
 the abundant resources of her industry, and the intelligent pro¬ 
 gress of her artillery and engineering, one scarcely conceives 
 how she could have been beaten and almost annihilated lately 
 by a power which had hitherto been considered as a secon¬ 
 dary one. Her weak point, alas, that prevents her from 
 turning to the fullest advantage all the gifts she has re¬ 
 ceived from Nature, is her want of cohesion. Her doom is 
 written on the face of her bank-notes, where the value is in¬ 
 dicated in ten different languages.* How is any unity of 
 action to be expected in a family whose members cannot un¬ 
 derstand each other. 
 
 The Imperial State Forest Administration occupies a large 
 space in the Park, and exhibits various specimens of woods ; 
 some are whole trees of great length and thickness. 
 
 Facing this, is placed a fine collection of terra-cotta figures 
 and ornaments by H. Drasche of Ingendorff, near Vienna. 
 Under the mound which they occupy is a model of an ogival 
 vault which Baron Scholl, the inventor, recommends as of¬ 
 fering more solidity for mining drifts. 
 
 * German, Italian, Russian, Polish, Hungarian, Czech, Servian, Sclavonian, 
 Bulgarian and Rouman. 
 
 M 2 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 189 
 
 The third court is chiefly devoted to watches, which rank 
 among the chief industries of Switzerland. Among so many 
 marvels, small and large, it a difficult to show a preference ; 
 we must, however, say that Rossel, Ekegren, and Patek & Co. 
 of Geneva, appear to us to have supplied the best specimens. 
 
 Switzerland is justly celebrated for its wood-carving. Wirth 
 Brothers, of Brienz, have a trophy of furniture and fancy 
 boxes, mostly decorated with leaves and flowers exquisitely 
 finished. Haller, of Berne, also exhibits some neat musical 
 chalets doing service as work-boxes. 
 
 Carved Furniture, Wirth brothers. 
 
 * Dufour’s geographical maps of Switzerland are most 
 minutely engraved; every village, every road, every feature 
 of the mountains is therein clearly indicated. To those who 
 travel over this picturesque land, they must be invaluable, and 
 to those who have not that good fortune, they are still very 
 interesting, as they may with their assistance run over the 
 ground in imagination. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. I95 
 
 called Concha mar gar itefera, but better known under the 
 name of Mother o’ Pearl. 
 
 Mr. Gill, a chemist of Manilla, exhibits the essential oil 
 of Ihlang-ihlang (unona odoratissima), a deliciously scented 
 blossom which Rumphius describes, in his clever treatise, 
 under the name of Kanonga , and which the Tagals have 
 justly termed the flower of flowers, for it is unequalled in 
 sweetness and durability of fragrance. Mr. Gill’s essence of 
 Champaca is also very remarkable, but as to his Eureka, we 
 must admit we did not utter the same exclamation after 
 smelling it, for we could not find out what it was. We 
 should like to have seen this collection completed with the 
 San-paquita and Canatuchi, two flowers of exquisite perfume. 
 
 Returning to the building through the Machine Gallery, 
 we observe on our way two models of light-houses, an oil- 
 press containing 40,000 arrobas, a coin-stamping machine by 
 Fossay & Co., of Lasarte, Ferrando’s wood-working engine, 
 and some tolerably good encaustic tiles from Nolla & Sagrera, 
 of Valencia. 
 
 Barcelona raw silks and Burgos flax appear to attract the 
 notice of manufacturers. Barcelona, moreover, maintains its 
 ancient reputation for this vaporous lace,* which lends addi¬ 
 tional grace to ,the graceful senoras. We specially remark a 
 blonde mantilla, by Jose Fiter, worthy of the most elegant 
 Marques a who ever paced the Prado . 
 
 Alcoy and Barcelona appear to have shared the inheritance 
 of the once celebrated Segovia cloths, for we see nothing 
 from the latter town, whilst the former show a variety of 
 woollen fabrics. 
 
 Gorina & Son, of Sabadell, exhibit fine figured damasks, 
 
 N 2 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 21 
 
 structs in a short time, out of the wood supplied him by his 
 lord and master, a dwelling for himself and his family, and 
 manages to impart to it a certain degree of elegance. It 
 must not be supposed, however, that all peasants’ houses in 
 Russia are decorated with these fine open-work ornaments. 
 The carvings are generally of a rude description, and the 
 structures we find here bear more resemblance to the chalets 
 on the verdant Islands of the Neva, in which the Petersburg 
 patricians seek a refuge against the oppressive heats of a 
 Russian summer. 
 
 A tent of Kirghiz Tartars, made of sheep skins, and a 
 Yacoutes’ bark hut, remind the visitor that the denizens of 
 the Muscovite Empire are not at all civilized, and do not all 
 inhabit houses, however rude. It is this immensity which 
 causes at the same time the strength and the weakness of the 
 country. 
 
 Before leaving the Park we notice a new model of railway 
 giving great facility for ascents and descents. 
 
 In the Machine Gallery we find no machinery in motion. 
 We only remark there some very fine cast-steel cannons, and 
 a well organized fire engine. Fires are of frequent occur¬ 
 rence at Petersburg, where there are still many houses built 
 of wood ; but by means of signals hoisted on the nearest 
 steeple (balls in the day-time and lights at night) it is at once 
 made known in which quarter of the town the fire is burn¬ 
 ing, and engines are rapidly brought to the spot. ‘ When a 
 private carriage runs over a person in the street (which hap¬ 
 pens pretty often) the coachman is forced to enlist, and the 
 horses are confiscated for the fire-engine service ; thus they 
 always have excellent steeds. 
 
 o 2 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 2 54 
 
 we see here confirm in every respect the reputation it has 
 acquired. We notice in particular a gigantic locomotive with 
 tender, named “ America,” and combining all the latest im¬ 
 
 provements, and a street railway-car with beautifully painted 
 pannels, soft cushioned seats, and elegant floor carpet. The 
 curricles for running on ordinary roads are likewise very well 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 69 
 
 all the metals mostly in use, such as copper, silver, gold, 
 lead, mercury, cobalt and nickel, and some rare species like 
 tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, &c. 
 
 If we have named in the first place copper and silver, it is 
 because their production considerably exceeds that of other 
 metals. In 1865, Chili exported copper to an amount of 
 fourteen million dollars, in every form, rough ores, coppery 
 and argentiferous mats, bars and ingots ; England took up 
 three-fourths of this quantity ; the remainder was divided 
 between France, Germany, and the United States. The 
 annual yield of silver only amounts on an average to two 
 million dollars, the greater part being used by the Santiago 
 mint. 
 
 The principal copper mines are those of Tamaya, Guaya- 
 can, Panucillo and Andacolo, in the Province of Coquimbo ; 
 those of San Juan and Corrisal, in the Department of Huasco ; 
 those of Copiapo, and the strata lately discovered in the desert 
 of Atacama, 
 
 The specimens exhibited are very interesting, and in¬ 
 structive ; for they not only comprise fine blocks of ores, 
 some of which weigh as much as fifteen hundred weight, but 
 also the metal in all its phases of manufacture, and the 
 material which serves to work it, such as sulphur from the 
 Cordilleras, with which is made the sulphuric acid used to 
 test the poorest ores, and coal from the Lota and Coronel pits. 
 
 The specimens of silver from the mines of Chanarcillo, Tres 
 Puntas and Buena Esperanza, are no less remarkable. They 
 consist principally in chloro-bromuretted silver called cor tie, 
 in red sulphuretted silver, in red amorphous silver, anti- 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 272 
 
 Costa Rica ; borax and nitrates from Peru ; wool, hemp 
 and tobacco from Chili ; vanilla from Papautla (Mexico) •, 
 cotton, india-rubber, indigo, cocoa and coffee from Nicaragua;' 
 and lastly, some ant-bear, jaguar and sloth furs from the 
 Argentine Confederation. 
 
 As a novelty we remark wines from Peru, Chili and La 
 Plata, and cocoons of the Bombyx arrindia from Carlos Lix, of 
 Corrientes. 
 
 The list, of manufactures will be soon exhausted. They 
 comprise leather, oil-cloth, common cotton fabrics, liqueurs, 
 feather flowers and furniture from Brasil ; silver ornaments, 
 pottery, saddles, embroidered aprons called chelipas , horse- 
 rugs and silk shawls from the River Plate ; ponchos , lace and 
 carpets from Chili; clothing and harness from Uruguay ; and 
 vegetable fibre tissues and carpets made of feathers, from 
 Paraguay. 
 
 A group of three Caballeros wearing the costume of La 
 Plata, occupies the centre of this section. One of them is 
 preparing to fling the lasso which he holds in his hand ; the 
 other is travelling with his wife who rides behind ; the third 
 is bending to take a cup of mate presented to him by a young 
 criada . 
 
 The last class will be the shortest of all, for a description of 
 the arms, canoes, and fishing tackle of the Indians, would 
 offer but little interest to our readers. We shall notice, how¬ 
 ever, two curiosities in their show ; one is a root which 
 serves to render fish torpid and easier to catch ; the other, an 
 instrument used for introducing into the nostrils a sort of 
 snuff made of aromatic plants. * 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 [279 
 
 French artist, who designs the 
 greater part of their work, 
 was also duly rewarded. 
 
 Gold medals were likewise 
 deservedly bestowed on Han¬ 
 cock & Co., and Hunt & 
 Roskell for their 
 gold and silver plate. Besides, 
 these individual exhibitions 
 we find in the Grand Vesti- 
 
 Watch, Walker. 
 
 bule a curious collection 
 of racing cups won at 
 Ascot, Goodwood, Don¬ 
 caster, Brighton, Stock- 
 ton, &c., and produced 
 by the leading firms in 
 London, such as Gar¬ 
 rard, Hunt & Roskell, 
 Emmanuel, and Angell. 
 
 English furniture pos¬ 
 sesses at the same time 
 the qualities and faults 
 usually inherent to British 
 manufactures ; it is well 
 executed, comfortable in 
 its arrangements, and so¬ 
 lidly made, but on the 
 
 Vase, Etkington. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 3M 
 
 who turns terrified and suppliant looks towards the Queen, 
 whilst the latter who has sprung to her feet, seems, with 
 quivering frame, to defy the impending danger. 
 
 Elmore’s picture, called The Tuileries , is a splendid compo¬ 
 sition. Marie-Antoinette, with her family, is surrounded with 
 a menacing and insulting populace ; a young girl, in the midst 
 of this rabid mob is contemplating with emotion the noble 
 face of the poor sovereign, whose noble attiude contrasts 
 with the vile faces of her assailers. 
 
 His other sketch, On the Brink , is also very effective. <A 
 woman seated under a window, through which is seen a 
 gambling room, lends a too willing ear to the proposals of 
 the tempter who seeks to draw her into the abyss. The 
 opposition between the soft moon-light which sheds its rays 
 on the first plan and the lurid glare of the gamblers’ scene in 
 the back ground is very well managed. 
 
 Calderon has two excellent pictures : The English Embassy 
 on the night of the Massacre oj St. Bartholomew , and Her Most 
 High , Noble and Puissant Grace. In the former, sundry 
 groups of trembling Protestants are anxiously watching the 
 progress of the butchery, through a large window which 
 forms the whole back-ground •, the latter represents an infant 
 duchess loaded with a heavy court costume, ending with 
 a majestic tail, and attended by courtiers bending in humble 
 obedience before her mighty littleness. 
 
 The parting of Lord a?id Lady Russell , by Cope, is well 
 drawn, but too highly coloured. The Lord’s crimson face 
 buried under a greenish wig, is more ludicrous than affect¬ 
 ing. Leighton’s Brides of Syracuse betray the opposite fault, 
 being chalky in the extreme. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 316 
 
 His two pictures, Both Puzzled r and Paying the Rent, are 
 above all praise. In the former, a village school-master has 
 laid before his scholar, a red and rough-haired country lad, 
 a problem which he cannot solve himself; in the latter, the 
 lad, who has become clerk to the steward, winks with a 
 roguish smile at the school-master who, with visible reluc-' 
 tance, draws out of his capacious pocket, the money required 
 for the rent. 
 
 Almost, if not quite equal to Nicol, is Faed with his three 
 charming sketches ; His only pair , a boy sitting bare-legged, 
 whilst his trousers are being mended, Baith Faither and Mither, 
 a village paterfamilias in Scotland attending to his children’s 
 toilet, and Music hath Charms, a most assuming scene. 
 
 O’Neill’s Eastward Ho ! represents soldiers outward bound, 
 parting at the ship’s side with their wives and sweethearts. 
 The emotion of the friends about to separate is well con¬ 
 trasted with the indifference of the boatmen, who quietly 
 smoke their pipe waiting the end of the adieus. 
 
 The Death of Adonis, Musidora, and PAllegro, by Frost, 
 exhibit all the fineness of touch and delicate colouring pecu¬ 
 liar to that artist. 
 
 Frith, like Landseer, does not show to advantage in this 
 contest. His only picture, Claude Duval, a gentleman-robber 
 of the last century, attacking a coach on the road, conveys 
 but little idea of his talent. 
 
 A young maid kissing her dead pet bird which she is 
 about to bury, forms the subject of a pretty little painting 
 by Miss Ellen Edwards, entitled The last Kiss. 
 
 Stanfield's Bay of Naples possesses the serene beauty which 
 distinguishes this artist’s landscapes, but we think the atmos¬ 
 phere is somewhat misty for such a sun-lit country. 
 
340 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Chased Casket, Benson 
 
 - * 
 
 - 
 
 277 
 
 Benson’s Great Clock 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 278 
 
 Watch, Walker 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 279 
 
 Vase, Elkington 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 279 
 
 Benham’s Stove 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 280 
 
 Benham’s Range 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 281 
 
 Centre-piece, Mappin, Webb & Co. 
 
 - 
 
 - « 
 
 282 
 
 Penknife, Mappin, Webb & Co. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 283 
 
 Engraved Claret Jug, Phillips & Pearce 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 284 
 
 Engraved Gtass, Millar & Co. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 285 
 
 Engraved Glass, Defries 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 285 
 
 Majolica Fountain, Minton 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 286 
 
 Encaustic Tile, Maw 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 287 
 
 Porcelain Tazza, Copeland & Co. 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 288 
 
 Worcester China 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 288 
 
 Plate, Goode 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 289 
 
 Doulton & Watts’ Stone Filter 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 290 
 
 Statham’s Chemical Cabinet 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 291 
 
 Statham’s Electrical Machine. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 292 
 
 Statham’s Dissolving View Apparatus. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 293 
 
 Kamptulicon Floor-cloth 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 294 
 
 Treloar’s Cocoa-nut matting 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 295 
 
 Perfumery Cottage - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 296 
 
 Ihlang Ihlang (Unona Odoratissima) 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 297 
 
 Florence Lock-stftch Sewing machine 
 
 - 
 
 
 298 
 
 “ Dorcas ” Sewing machine 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - *99 
 
 “ Penelope” Sewing machine - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 299 
 
 Bradford’s Washing machine 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 301 
 
 Ransomes & Sims’ Steam Thrashing Machine 
 
 - 
 
 302 
 
 Ransomes & Sims’ Turnwrist Plough 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 303 
 
 Samuelson’s Reaping Machine 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 304 
 
 The Whitworth Company’s Howitzer 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 308 
 
 Reilly & Co’s Breech-loading Gun 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 306 
 
 Model of Mulready's Tomb 
 
 ✓ - 
 
 - 
 
 - ’ 308 
 
 Shand & Mason’s Fire Engine 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 310 
 
 Binding, Ward & Co. 
 
 - ' 
 
 - 
 
 - 3 11 
 
 Cremer’s Drawing-room Billiard table 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 3 12 
 
 Swaine & Adeney’s Whip-mount - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 3*3 
 
 EUGENE RASCOL, PRINTER, 4, BRYDGES STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. 
 
 0 I 
 
ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 Mr. Rimmel provides us with an amusing, and not only amusing, but also 
 instructive, history of Perfumery,—showing how it was used by the ancients, 
 how it is used by the moderns, how perfumes are extracted and preserved, and 
 how they are to be classified and appreciated.— Times. 
 
 The “ Book of Perfumes ” is a very entertaining production. It embraces 
 a great variety of subjects, which have been thoroughly investigated, and which 
 are very interesting to the reader, intrinsically, and by the author’s manner.— 
 Morning Post, January 17, 1865. 
 
 A delicious book, radiant to the eye, fragrant to the nostrils—-emblazoned, 
 gilt-edged, illustrated, odoriferous!— Sun, January 6, 1865. 
 
 The book itself is perfumed, beautifully printed and illustrated, and contains 
 all that the most devoted lover of scent can be taught concerning their origin, 
 history, and various modes of preparation.— Globe, January 19, 1865. 
 
 The reader who seeks for a pleasant history on the pleasant subject of 
 perfumes can nowhere find a more deeply read, clearer and more commu¬ 
 nicative guide and instructor than Mr. Rimmel. — Morning Advertiser 
 January C, 1865. 
 
 This really elegant and sweetly smelling volume is not a mere illustration of 
 Mr. Rimmel’s skill as a practical perfumer; it shows also that he understands 
 the philosophy of his subject, and can write like a scholar and a man of sense 
 and good taste.— Court Circular, January 14, 1865. 
 
 The book in this instance is a good one, full of odd, out-of-the-way informa¬ 
 tion upon a subject which once interested all mankind and now interests almost 
 all women.— Spectator, January 7, 1865. 
 
 Mr. Rimmel, the famous perfumer of London and Paris, has produced a 
 book which is not a vulgar puff for his own business, but is really a learned, 
 elegant, and fascinating volume on one of the most fascinating topics.— 
 London Review, January 21, 1865. 
 
 The volume is full of woodcuts, some of which are very good, and contains 
 a great deal of curious information collected by a person who is well .and 
 practically acquainted with the subject on which he writes. --The Reader, 
 January 28, 1865. 
 
 There is much that will amuse the general reader, and that may be practically 
 useful and agreeable.— Athena;um, January 21, 1865. 
 
 Mr. Rimmel unites with his pleasant speeches much learning. He is at 
 once a lover of, and a master in, his art.— Press, January 21, 1865. 
 
 In this volume Mr. Rimmel has rendered a real service. The information 
 it contains he has drawn from a large variety of sources, and he has condensed 
 and epitomised it with remarkable skill. His work is written in a free, 
 flowing, and slightly humorous style, not unmixed with a tone of sagacious 
 and philosophic satire.— Sunday Times, January 22, 1865. 
 
 It is the very book for a lady who is disposed to improve an hour s leisure, 
 and who cares to know something of the history and mystery of her own 
 toilet.— Englishwoman’s Magazine, January, 1865. 
 
 -—— ...-T———- 1 y ■ — _ u — 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 1 6 
 
 cultivation of the soul, by conquering vices, prejudices, and 
 vulgar passions, enfranchises humanity. 
 
 “ Let us congratulate ourselves on having received among 
 us most of the sovereigns and princes of Europe, and a host 
 of anxious visitors. Let us be proud also to have shown 
 them France as it is, great, prosperous, and free. One must 
 be deprived of all patriotic faith to doubt its greatness, be 
 blind to evidence to deny its prosperity, ignore its institu¬ 
 tions, which even sometimes tolerate licence, not to see its 
 liberty. 
 
 “ Foreigners have been enabled to appreciate this France, 
 formerly so agitated, and throwing back its agitation beyond 
 its frontiers, now laborious and calm, always rife with 
 generous ideas, appropriating its genius to the most varied 
 wonders, and not allowing itself to be enervated by material 
 enjoyments. 
 
 “ Attentive minds will easily conceive that, notwithstand¬ 
 ing the development of wealth, notwithstanding the desire 
 for comfort, the national fibre is ever ready to vibrate when 
 honour and country are at stake ; but this noble sensitiveness 
 cannot be a subject of fear for the rest of the world. 
 
 “ Let those who have resided momentarily among us, take 
 back home with them a just opinion of our country ; let 
 them be persuaded of the sentiments of esteem and sympathy 
 which we entertain for foreign nations, and of our sincere 
 wish to live in peace with them. 
 
 “ I thank the imperial commission, the members of the 
 jury, and the different committees for the intelligent zeal 
 which they have shown in accomplishing their mission. I 
 also thank them in the name of the Prince Imperial, whom I 
 
20 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Ox the number of the exhibitors, there were as usual, and 
 perhaps more than usual, a great many that were dissatisfied. 
 
 Some complained, and with good reason, that'jurors began 
 their work as soon as the Exhibition was opened, when all, 
 or nearly all, was in a state of confusion, and finished by the 
 end of the month, whilst many of the cases were still incom¬ 
 plete ; others that they had been examined by incompetent 
 judges. 
 
 To the first complaint it may be answered that if exhibitors 
 were not ready-in time, they should suffer the penalty of their 
 want of punctuality, but in many instances it was not their 
 fault. The show-case makers having more work to do than 
 they could perform, kept them waiting for weeks and weeks, 
 and prevented them from unpacking their goods. 
 
 As to the second ground of dissatisfaction, it was also fre¬ 
 quently justified. The jurors were certainly all distinguished 
 and educated men, but the axiom of “ the right man in the 
 right place ” had been but little followed in appointing them. 
 Eminent noblemen had to judge manufactures with which they 
 were totally unacquainted, and learned doctors to pronounce 
 on the merits of fancy articles, which all their science did not 
 enable them to appreciate. 
 
 The selection of the British Jurors was tainted with the 
 same faults. It had been announced that they would be 
 nominated by the Assistant Commissioners, chosen for that 
 purpose, but their votes were generally disregarded, and 
 the appointment, which carried with it the fifty guineas’ 
 fee, went, like “ kissing ”, by favour. Had the post been 
 purely honorary, as it should have been, it would no doubt 
 have been much better filled. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 29 
 
 them abroad. This is one of the results of trade-unions 
 and strikes which, by exacting unreasonable wages from home 
 manufacturers, render them unable to compete with foreigners. 
 
 A little further we see a fine fall of water produced by 
 one of Cognard’s turbines , which would be a great improve¬ 
 ment to the scenery of Swiss Saxony, for water being rather 
 scarce in that locality, they turn on the cascades with a key 
 when tourists pass by.* 
 
 The exhibitions of the Imperial Navy and War Offices 
 come next. In the former we observe the colossal engines 
 constructed for the Friedland , an iron-clad now being built 
 at Lorient. The latter contains an assortment of pieces of 
 ordnance of various sizes and loading in different ways. In 
 the centre is a model of the camp at Chalons, with the 
 Imperial tent, the field-altar, &c. 
 
 By the side of war, humanity occupies a small place in the 
 shape of hospital tents and waggons, which tend their services 
 alike to the conquerors or the conquered, and whose modest 
 flag bearing a red cross on a white ground, is respected by 
 both parties. 
 
 A little further, famished prome'naders eagerly devour deli¬ 
 cate little loaves which are served to them all hot by the 
 Army Bakery, and admire at the same time the ingenious 
 system for utilizing the steam which heats the ovens to 
 work the kneading machinery. 
 
 If after that they wish to refresh themselves, they may call 
 at the Chalet of MM. Mignon & Rouard who, by a singular 
 antithesis, obtain large rolls of ice by means of steam applied 
 
 * Travelling reminiscence of the author. 
 
Pieuvre or Cuttle Fish, in the Park Aquarium. 
 
 this celebrated dainty is made of sour milk and mouldy bread, 
 
 d 2 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 4 I 
 
 Frisonnes , decked out with the national head-gear of gold 
 plates and lace, dispense Curasao and pnaag-bitter. 
 
 We shall pass unnoticed the Prussian and Bavarian restau¬ 
 rants, which offer nothing remarkable. 
 
 Austria has done more to distinguish herself in the gas¬ 
 tronomic contest. A Viennese brewer, named Dreher, besides 
 the space he occupies in the gallery, hasTrected in the Park 
 an immense Bier-Hall , which recalls those which are to be 
 met with so frequently in the suburbs of Vienna. There one 
 can enjoy curious Austrian and Hungarian dishes, washed 
 down with Buda or Voslauer wine, or with the excellent 
 beer brewed by the proprietor. Blue-eyed madchen in national 
 costume, attend on the visitors, and contribute to add to 
 the couleur locale. 
 
 Near the Bier-Hall, there are a cafe , a wine-shop, and a 
 bakery, where longing crowds press in turns to buy those 
 delicious little loaves for which the Viennese stand unrivalled. 
 
 The Swiss restaurateur had not, unluckily for himself, the 
 good idea of following his neighbour’s example ; had he 
 substituted to his sable-clad garfons , Swiss girls in the pic¬ 
 turesque costumes of the different cantons, he would no doubt 
 have thrived better than he did. 
 
 The same may be said of the Spaniard next door, who 
 simply painted on his blinds smartly dressed senoras, which 
 but poorly atoned for the absence of the living models in the 
 interior of the posada. We did once, it is true, having lost 
 our way in the Park, stumble upon an horchateria valenciana f 
 where real Spanish damsels offered us real bebidas , but for 
 some reason unknown, they have placed them in a spot where 
 it is next to impossible to find them. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 47 
 
 name, exhibit a complete series of cards, combs, and other 
 implements used in the preparation of flax, hemp, cotton and 
 wool. 
 
 Bernard and Genest have erected two large pyramids, one 
 of hemp ropes and the other of metallic ropes. Cerizier of 
 Louviers make a variety of things out of aloe fibre, from a 
 ship cable to a cap. 
 
 The first striking object in Class 50 is a gigantic apparatus 
 by Savalle & Co. of Paris, for distilling alcohol from wine, 
 beetroot, potatoes, corn or molasses. By means of numerous 
 plates placed in a high cylinder it operates on large quantities 
 at a time. 
 
 Their neighbour, Mr. Egrot, has also an interesting appa¬ 
 ratus for continuous distillation. The liquid whilst falling 
 on the plates is met by a current of steam which divides the 
 molecules ad infinitum , and soon disengages the alcohol from 
 them. 
 
 Mr. Champonnois is an inventor to whom French agricul¬ 
 turists are particularly indebted. He has found the means of 
 making beetroot serve two purposes; he first extracts the 
 alcohol from it, and the residue of the distillation forms excel¬ 
 lent food for cattle, havitig lost none of its nutritious proper¬ 
 ties in the operation. The apparatus he uses for that purpose 
 is simple and inexpensive, and it is now to be found in almost 
 every farm in the North of France, where beetroot is largely 
 cultivated. We give as a specimen his centrifugal cutter, 
 where rotative force is cleverly applied to procure a more 
 rapid and complete action. 
 
 Mr, Linard exhibits a plan to carry the beetroot juice to 
 
74 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 the sea, and which in their rich mountings dazzle us with a 
 thousand lights. 
 
 We cannot attempt a des-^ 
 cription of this Aladdin s Cave, 
 but shall simply note the names 
 of the exhibitors whose show 
 is the most striking : such as 
 Messrs. Froment - Meurice, 
 Rouvenat, Weise, Mellerio, 
 Duron, Massin, Fontenay & 
 Boucheron. The accompany¬ 
 ing illustrations may give some 
 faint idea of the artistic shapes 
 of these bijoux, if insufficient 
 to do justice to their colour 
 and brilliancy. 
 
 We notice also as a great 
 novelty some electric jewels, 
 representing heads, and form¬ 
 ing brooches, pins, &c. •, a 
 wire connected with a galva- 
 Pendent, Froment-Meutice. nic pile, which is carried in 
 
 the pocket, causes the eyes to move and the mouth to 
 open, making all sorts of grimaces. To what will electricity 
 lead us ? 
 
 We must not forget the steel ornaments, these diamonds of 
 the poor. Mr. Bourgain, Jun., excels in this style of work ; 
 his parures, necklaces, brooches, &c. display great taste and 
 ingenuity. 
 
 If jewels have the merit of attracting the fair sex, fire-arms, 
 
io6 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 tates oil paintings with a perfection which we only find 
 equalled in Austria. Messrs. Kugelmann & Graff distin¬ 
 guish themselves by reproducing old missals with all the 
 finish of the originals, and Messrs. Bry & Son exhibit 
 splendid lithographies, including illustrations to Dante’s 
 poems, from Yvon’s designs. We may also notice some 
 finely executed steel engravings by Goupil, some maps 
 engraved on stone by Ehrard-Schieble, Lemercier’s en¬ 
 gravings and lithographies, and Barbat’s illustrated New 
 Testament, with a different ornamental border round every 
 page, which certainly deserved something better than the 
 honourable mention he received. 
 
 There are other lithographers, such as Rognard, Romain 
 8 c Palyart, Appel, Reibel-Feindel, who work chiefly for 
 commercial houses, and whose tasteful labels and show-cards 
 are worthy of commendation. Guesnu’s fancy papers are 
 also remarkable for their bright colours and variety of 
 patterns. 
 
 The raw material of all this, paper, does not offer much 
 attraction to the visitor, yet it is one of the notable industries 
 of France, and the samples shown by Becoulet, Breton, 
 Blanchet, may compete with those of the best English and 
 German mills. 
 
 We may mention, before leaving this department, Mr. 
 Prignot’s designs of furniture for which he received a gold 
 medal, Mr. Engel’s rich bindings, and Messrs. Blanzy, 
 Poure Si Co’s metallic pens which procure employment for 
 many hundred work-people of both sexes, at Boulogne-sur- 
 Mer, where their manufactory is established. 
 
 France may justly lay claim to the invention of photo- 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 107 
 
 graphy, this science which has now almost become an art. 
 As far back as 1824, Mr. Niepce de Saint-Victor, calling the 
 sun into partnership, had found means to fix a transient image 
 on a tin plate. Twenty years after he succeeded in making 
 this fugitive impression adhere to a glass by means of albu- 
 mine. Others taking up the idea found a way to transfer 
 this negative proof to paper, and now Mr. Lafon de Camarsac, 
 going a step further, renders the picture everlasting by 
 protecting it with an enamelled coating. 
 
 One of the most useful inventions, however, is that of 
 Mr. Gamier who, by fixing the negative on a steel plate, 
 allows any quantity of copies to be drawn from it•, for this 
 discovery he received one of the grand prizes. 
 
 By the side of all these improvements Mr. Niepce de 
 Saint-Victor exhibits his first attempts, and it is rather 
 curious to compare them with the perfection of modern 
 productions. 
 
 It would be difficult for us to notice all the photographies 
 exhibited, their name being legion ; we shall merely men¬ 
 tion as the most striking some fine coloured portraits by 
 Pierson, some life-size heads by Alophe, landscapes by Jean- 
 Renaud, and copies of pictures by Bingham. 
 
 We regret not to find here our friend Nadar, of balloon 
 celebrity, who manages to impart some of his wit to the 
 heads which are brought under his objective. 
 
 Musical instruments will next claim our attention. To 
 those whose education has been slightly neglected, there is a 
 piano of Debain’s we can recommend. By simply turning 
 a handle with the right hand, and inserting with the left a 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 I98 
 
 and Castells and Sola shawls of a good design. This is about 
 all we have to notice in the clothing department, if we add 
 thereto richly embroided ecclesiastical vestments and a series 
 of costumes of the different Spanish provinces, which are all 
 stamped with great originality. 
 
 Here is a magnificent trophy of Toledo arms, which is 
 calculated to give too favourable an idea of the present state 
 of the once celebrated Toledo manufactory, which has now 
 dwindled down to a poor little shed on the dusty banks of 
 the Tagus, at the foot of the rock where rises the antique 
 city of the Goths. The far-famed Cordova leathers seem 
 to have joined Toledo blades among things of the past, for 
 we can find no vestige of them. 
 
 To replace old industries which are becoming extinct, 
 here are new ones rising into notice. Some twenty years 
 ago, Spain still imported all her glass and pottery, but she now 
 begins to manufacture her own. The coloured glass shown 
 by Cisnentes, Pola & Co., of Gijon, can almost rival that of 
 Bohemia, and the porcelain and earthenware sent by Pickman 
 and Co., of Seville, certainly merited a better reward than 
 the bronze medal allotted to them. 
 
 The essential oils distilled by Robillard from the aromatic 
 plants which abound in the “ Huerta de Valencia ” also de¬ 
 serve great commendation, flis Rose Geranium ( Geranium 
 capitatum ) exceeds in sweetness that of Provence and Algeria, 
 and his verbena (Aloysio citriodoro ), schirms and patchouly 
 (the first raised in Europe) do him also great credit. We 
 should like to see turned to the same account the numerous 
 fragrant plants and flowers which we have observed growing 
 
228 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 others a woman’s head, whose glassy stare makes your blood 
 run cold. 
 
 The model of the Roman catacombs, with their fantastical 
 designs made of bones and skulls, offers an equally gloomy 
 aspect. Fortunately we find not far from it a machine which 
 gives a more cheerful turn to our ideas : it is a steamer roll¬ 
 ing on rails, and serving to convey ices and creams from the 
 laboratory where they are manufactured to the cafe where they 
 are consumed. A steamer going on wheels ! Who dares to 
 say after that that the Italians are not an inventive people ! 
 
2 5 ° 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Siamese musical instruments are very curious, but the sight 
 is enough, we have not the slightest wish to hear them 
 tried. 
 
 Liou-Kiou shows principally glass, manufactured at Kago- 
 sima, porcelain from Shirasa, gold plate from Houne-Tene, 
 bronzes from Isso, and sundry articles in lacquered wood. 
 The style partakes of the Chinese, Japanese, and Cochin- 
 chinese. The porcelain is the most interesting part. 
 
 The sovereign of the Celestial Empire, the brother of 
 the sun and the moon, has not condescended, like his cousins 
 of Siam and Liou-Kiou, to enter the industrial arena, and were 
 it not for the exertions of M. d’Hervey de St. Denys and 
 M. de Meritens, who have personally solicited some Chinese 
 merchants to exhibit, we would have seen nothing from that 
 country. Thanks to them we have here the fine raw silks 
 which serve to make the pao-tze or long robe in which all 
 respectable Chinese wrap themselves, the Chan-Tong blue 
 and yellow dyes, which have hitherto defied all European 
 imitations, the Kiang-Sou cotton fabrics, the alimentary pastes 
 made of rice-flour, the deu-vou , or pea-meal, which forms the 
 principal article of food in Tche-Kiang, divers kinds of wines 
 •and liquors, twenty-nine sorts of tobacco of all shades, a 
 great quantity of black and green teas from I fr. to loo frs. 
 per pound, a complete collection of Chinese medicines, nearly 
 all derived from the vegetable kingdom, iron from Tche-fou 
 and Chansi, and coals from Pet-che-li, Hiang-Tong, Pong- 
 Tcheou, Ninghai, Fou-tcheou, and Formosa. 
 
 The minor articles of Chinese manufacture are contributed 
 by Tching-Yong, and other dealers in curiosities of that 
 country. M. Derode has an interesting collection of 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 259 
 
 by Rollins ; Greeg’s brick-making machine ; a new weighing 
 apparatus by Fairbanks ; a splendid circular saw of more than 
 six feet in diameter, after Emerson’s system ; Silas Herring’s 
 safe, which bore the palm in the celebrated contest with an 
 English maker •* a powerful centrifugal pump by Andrews •, 
 and a life-raft borne by india-rubber bags, inflated with air, 
 and strongly bound together. This raft which only weighs 
 live hundredweight, can carry from forty to fifty persons. 
 
 Silas Herring's sale. 
 
 A machine by Gay, of Boston, for making paper collars, 
 attracts some attention. This trade which has taken great 
 extension, is a good illustration of the ruling passion of 
 our age, to sacrifice reality to appearance. 
 
 The sewing machine is naturally an American invention. 
 
 * We merely record here the decree of the judges, without offering any per¬ 
 sonal opinion on this much controverted subject. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 264 
 
 Cotton manufactures are still in their infancy in this country, 
 and they were probably afraid to compete with their elders, 
 for we see nothing from Lowell, the American Manchester. 
 
 Mr. Barlow has a very interesting orrery; by simply turn¬ 
 ing a handle connected with a set of cog wheels, all the planets 
 and their satellites operate their revolutions round the sun. 
 
 Musical amateurs seem greatly to admire Stein way’s 
 pianos, which by means of oblique chords and a curved ar¬ 
 rangement possess a beautiful tone and powerful sound. 
 
 Tucker’s cast-iron articles deserve great commendation for 
 their neat shapes and high finish ; his chandeliers are particu¬ 
 larly chaste in design. 
 
 Perfumery is only represented by Hotchkiss, of Lyons, who 
 sends his excellent essential oil of Wintergreen, and Wright 
 of Philadelphia, whose transparent soaps are very fine. 
 
270 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 monious and arsenical, and in arquerite , a native amalgam of 
 silver and mercury. 
 
 There are also various mineral curiosities, such as a piece 
 of tocornalite (said to be the only one existing) composed of 
 iodide of silver and sub-iodide of mercury, an aerolite weigh¬ 
 ing thirty pounds, and found in the Ouebrada de Vaca Muerta, 
 some blocks of fibrous malachite from the Paposo mines, and 
 lapis-lazuli from the Cordilleras. The two first named speci¬ 
 mens have been presented to the Paris Museum. 
 
 This metallurgical Exhibition, the most complete in the 
 Champ-de-Mars, does much credit to Mr. Domeyko, profes¬ 
 sor at the Mining School of Santiago, to whose care it was 
 entrusted. 
 
 One would scarcely believe that Mexico and Peru, whose 
 name is associated with precious metals, do not send any 
 specimens of the riches of their mines. Mexico may find an 
 excuse in its political situation, but we naturally expected •from- 
 Peru some ingots of silver, a metal which is so common in 
 that country that they make warming-pans and cooking appa¬ 
 ratus out of it. 
 
 Having nothing new to offer us, Mexico exhibits a model 
 of its ancient monuments. The temple of the Sun at Xochi- 
 calco, reproduced under Mr* Mehedin’s directions, is one of 
 the greatest curiosities in the Park. It is a perfect type of 
 Mexican architecture, prior to Spanish occupation, and con¬ 
 tains numerous objects illustrating the worship and manners 
 of that period. 
 
 On the top of the step9 stands the altar, where the priest 
 immolated his human victim with an obsidian knife, tearing 
 out afterwards his heart to offer it to the Sun. 
 
2j6 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 The jewellery exhibited by Messrs. Howell and James, 
 Watherston and Marshall, is also beautifully finished. 
 The speciality of the latter is Scotch jewellery, ornamented 
 with topazes and Scotch pebbles mounted in silver. 
 
 Pendent, Watherston. Brooch, Randel, 
 
 The articles shown by Randel, of Birmingham, indicate 
 great progress in the manufactures of that town, which were 
 formerly more celebrated for their cheapness than for good 
 execution. 
 
 Mr. Benson is one of the most enterprising and successful 
 tradesmen in the Metropolis. Plate, jewellery, clocks and 
 watches, equally share his attention, and in all these 
 branches he attains equal excellence. Among the finest 
 pieces he exhibits, we may mention two caskets, chased with 
 exquisite taste, which were presented by the City of London 
 with the freedom of the City, one to the Prince of Wales, 
 
278 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 the other to the Duke of Edinburgh. His great clock is a 
 marvel of mechanism, and second only, as regards size, to the 
 great Westminster clock. The three principal wheels, which 
 are made of bronze, are two feet in diameter, and the pendu¬ 
 lum is fifteen feet. long. His watches are of excellent work¬ 
 manship, and the designs which ornament the cases are 
 remarkable for their finish and variety. The two we illustrate 
 
 are taken from designs which carried prizes at the South 
 Kensington School of Art. 
 
 Dent, White, and Walker, are Benson’s chief competitors 
 for watches, and are all three worthy of better rewards than 
 were allotted to them. 
 
 Messrs. Elkington were more favoured in this way, and justly 
 received a gold medal for their beautiful chased pieces. In this 
 instance the co-operator was not forgotten, and Mr. Morel, a 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 3°4 
 
 ton, of Chelmsford, Garrett & Sons, of Leiston, Marshall 
 Sons & Co., of Gainsborough, Riches & Watts, of Norwich, 
 Amies, Barford & Co., of Peterborough, and Shanks, Alex¬ 
 ander & Son, of Arbroath. 
 
 The greater part of the houses we have named obtained 
 gold or silver medals •, Ransomes & Sims in addition to 
 
 Samuelson’s Reaping machine. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 315 
 
 Landseer’s Shrew Tamed is not one of the best pictures 
 of the great painter, and we should have been better pleased 
 to see here some of his master-pieces, such as Shoeing , of 
 Dignity and Impudence , which would have given to foreigners 
 a better idea of his talents. 
 
 < La Gloria , by Phillip, is, according to our opinion, one of 
 the best pictures in the British Gallery. It illustrates one of 
 those strange customs preserved by the Spanish people. 
 When a child dies, his cheeks and lips are smeared with paint, 
 he is crowned with roses, and laid in a basket filled with 
 flowers, whilst, in the next room, his parents and friends 
 make merry and dance to celebrate the festival of the angelito , 
 or the little angel, whose soul has ascended to heaven. In 
 Phillip’s picture we see, crouching and bathed in tears, on the 
 threshold of the funeral-room, the poor mother, whom her 
 friends vainly attempt to drag into the vortex of the fandango , 
 which is being danced “ fast and furious ” in the back¬ 
 ground. The contrast between the mother’s overwhelming 
 grief and the gaiety of the guests is admirably rendered. 
 
 Bravo Toro! by Burgess, is another Spanish scene illus¬ 
 trated with striking exactness. The bull, applauded by the 
 crowd, has probably just gored some unlucky handerillero, or 
 some venturesome espada, and for these feats he has con¬ 
 quered the unlimited admiration of the true aficionados 
 (amateurs), whilst some tender-hearted sefioras are nearly 
 fainting at the sight of the sanguinary spectacle* 
 
 Christopher Sly , by Orchardson, is a very spirited Shakes¬ 
 pearian sketch, although the painting somewhat lacks finish. 
 
 As genre painter we place in the first rank Nicol, who 
 has all Mulready’s humour without his too florid colouring* 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION, 
 
 323 
 
 was in 1862. Sugar, rum, molassqs, and timber, form the 
 tiulk of the staple articles. Cotton was also grown ther§ 
 to some extent in the early part qf the century, but thq 
 production has now been reduced to a few hundred bales 
 per annum. There are, however, on the other hand, 
 many sqrts of fibres applicable to the manufacture of textile 
 fabrics and cqrdage, which this colony could supply to ap 
 almost unlimited extent. 
 
 One of the finest cqllections of starch in the Exhibition is 
 that sent from Guiana, there being about one hundred different 
 samples, all prepared with great care. Many fruits, such as 
 the mango, the plantain, &c., which in their ripe state 
 abound in sugar, yield, when unripe, a quantity of starch ; it 
 is, however, more usually obtained from roots or tubers, like 
 the cassava, or manioc, the sweet potato, yam, arrow-root, 
 &c. The suitability of this colony to produce starch is 
 apparent, when it is considered that from two to four crops 
 can be raised annually, giving a yield of seven or eight tons 
 of roots per acre. 
 
 The specimens of natural history are very attractive, em^ 
 bracing curious animals, birds of the most brilliant plumage, 
 and butterflies tinted with the brightest colours. The exu¬ 
 berance of animal life in South America is evidenced by the 
 fact of Mr. Bates obtaining 1,200 species of insects during 
 his sojourn on the Amazon and its tributaries. 
 
 The native manufactures of British Guiana are ingeniously 
 arranged in a sort of log-hut. They consist in bark canoes, 
 hammocks made of grass and cotton, bows and arrows, tubes 
 or blow-pipes used for propelling poisoned shafts, clubs, 
 shields, feather crowns, fans, necklaces of boar’s tusks, 
 
RECOLLECTIONS Ok 
 
 328 
 
 rich embroideries, the chased cassolettes used to burn per¬ 
 fumes in temples and palaces, the massive gold jewels, and 
 the finely carved Bombay furniture ; the ethnologist admires 
 the native paintings, so naively delineating, on talc or ivory, 
 the customs of the country, the well modelled figures repre¬ 
 senting divers castes and trades, and the relics of Indian 
 antiquity ; the chemist studies the immense variety of drugs, 
 oils and gums produced by that fertile country ; and the 
 merchant and manufacturer examine with interest the 
 cotton, silk, woods, tea, coffee, tobacco, jute and other varied 
 produce which are exported to all parts of the world. Nor 
 have the fragrant oils yielded by Indian flowers and plants 
 been forgotten. Baboo Kanny Lall Dey of the Medical Col¬ 
 lege, Calcutta, sends a collection of twenty essential oils or 
 uttars, comprising those of Donna ( artemisia indica ), Kurna 
 (Phanix dactilifera) , Puchaput ( Pogostemon Patchouli), Nagku- 
 sur ( rhesuaferrea), Kawrah ( Pandanus odoratlssimus), Bookool 
 (Mimusops elengi), Hina [lawsonia inermis), Champaca [Michelia 
 champaca), and a new sort of andropogo?i denominated iwarecusa; 
 most of these are very sweet, but some are tainted with the 
 admixtion of sandalwood. 
 
 Mr. Fisher, of Singapore, shows some oils of lemon- 
 grass, citronelle, cloves, glam [melaleuca viridiflora) and hanonga, 
 another name for Ihlang-Ihlang, all of which are of the greatest 
 freshness and purity, and many other exhibitors, including the 
 Maharajah Ramsing Bahadoor, of Jyepore, the Maharajah 
 Holkar, of Indore, the Maharajah Rajendra Pertab, of Hutwa, 
 &c. contribute native perfumes, generally contained in rich 
 silver bottles and carved sandalwood cases. We find also in 
 this department a specimen, sent by the Tumongong 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 IP 
 
 time, had been extracted from the Ural mountains in Russia, 
 but it was only about half the size of this. 
 
 In addition to gold, Victoria produces precious stones, as 
 we see by a very remarkable collection of blue and white 
 topazes, hyacinths, zircons, sapphires, opals, and garnets, in 
 the rough and polished, exhibited by the Victoria Commis¬ 
 sioners. The Australian blue topaz deserves special mention 
 for its size, beauty and lustre, and we expect, at no distant 
 period, to find our jewellers eagerly seek those Australian 
 gems which will, at all events, offer to Europeans the great 
 attraction of novelty. 
 
 The very interesting geological specimens forwarded by 
 Mr. R. Brough Smyth, Secretary to the Department of Mines, 
 and the photographic views of scenery received from Messrs. 
 Selwyn, Nettleton, Cornell, Robinson, Wheeler, &c., make 
 us acquainted with the internal and external aspect of this 
 Colony. 
 
 To complete our information we have an assortment of 
 cereals, woods, barks, flax, cotton, tobacco, olive oil, and 
 other products of the soil, including a variety of essential 
 oils derived from the forest vegetation of Australia, such as 
 the Eucalyptus amygdalina , the E. globulus , the E. fissilis , the 
 E. stuartiana , the Melaleuca ericifolia } and the Atherosperma 
 moschata . We believe that Dr. Muller, the learned director 
 of the Melbourne botanical gardens, was the first to turn his 
 attention to these fragrant trees, and at his instigation, Mr. 
 Bosisto, of Richmond, distilled essences from them and sent 
 them to the Exhibition of 1862. Being then on the Jury, 
 we remarked their pungent aromatic smell, and although 
 they were only intended then for mixing with paint, in lieu of 
 
ADVERTISING SHEE^. 
 
 By Special Appointment 
 Watch & Clock Maker 
 to H.R.H. the Prince of 
 Wales. 
 
 By Special Appointment 
 Jeweller to 
 
 H.R.H. the Maharajah of 
 Burdwan. 
 
 J. W. BENSON, 
 
 Prize Medals— London, Class 33 ; Dublin, Class 10; Paris, Class 93 ; 
 Maker of the Gold Caskets presented by the City of London to H.R.H. the 
 Prince of Wales, and H R H. the Duke of Edinburgh, 
 
 Begs to submit to the Public the following prices of his Watches:— 
 
 gold cases. 
 
 silver cases. 
 
 Open face I TTll I Open face I 
 dble. case,. | IIunteis - | dble. cases. | Hunters ‘ 
 
 Benson's London-Made Levers. 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 0 1 
 
 1 4 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 1 5 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 0 1 
 
 1 18 
 
 18 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 23 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 iO 
 
 10 
 
 0 1 
 
 1 11 
 
 11 
 
 0 
 
 30 
 
 0 
 
 0 I 
 
 35 
 
 0 
 
 0 I 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 o| 
 
 1*0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Benson’s Chronometers. 
 
 42 0 0 I 45 0 0 I 33 0 0 I 35 0 0 
 52 0 0 56 0 0 43 0 0 45 0 0 
 
 Benson’s Repeaters. 
 
 55 0 0 I 58 0 0 I 45 0 0 I 48 0 0 
 
 75 0 0 | 80 0 0 | 65 0 0 | 68 0 0 
 
 Benson's Keyless Watches. 
 
 30 0 0 I S3 0 0,20 0 0 | 22 0 0 
 
 35 0 0 I 33 0 0 | 25 0 0 | 28 0 0 
 
 Benson’s Crystal Glass Watches. 
 
 14 14 0 I.15 5 0 1 . 
 
 21 0 0 I . | 8 8 0 I . 
 
 Benson’s Horizontal Watches. 
 
 5 5 01 8 801 2 201 3 30 
 
 9 9 0 | 12 12 0 j 4 4 0 | 5 50 
 
 For further Prices and Descriptions, and Extracts from the Press, see 
 
 BENSONS ILLUSTRATED PAMPHLET 
 
 Sent Post free to all Parts of the World. 
 
 9 
 
 WATCHES EXCHANGED OR REPAIRED. 
 
 A Liberal Discount to Merchants. 
 
 J. W. BENSON, 
 
 STEAM FACTORY AND CITY SHOW ROOMS, 
 
 XjTJ3D gate hill, 
 
 AND AT 
 
 25 , OLD BOND STREET. 
 
7m 
 
 1 (v 
 
 •jfc* (d oo 5f” 
 
Bird’s-Eye View of the Paris Exhibition 
 

 
 
 * 
 
 l 4 
 
 % 
 
 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 13 
 
 divided into ten sections, each preceded with a banner, and 
 they gather round their respective trophies. 
 
 At two o’clock, the imperial cortege enters and takes its 
 place on the throne. The Emperor has on his right the 
 Sultan, Abdul-Azziz-Khan, the Prince of Wales, the Duke 
 of Cambridge, Prince Teck, the Prince of Orange, the Prince 
 of Saxony, the Prince Imperial, the Grand-Duchess Marie, 
 the Duke d’Aoste, Princess Mathilde. The Empress has on 
 her left the Prince of Prussia, the Princess of Saxony, Prince 
 Humbert, Mohammed-Mourad-Effendi, Princess Clotilde, the 
 Duchess d’Aoste, the Duke of Leuchtenberg, Prince Napo¬ 
 leon, Prince Hermann of Saxony, Abdul-Hamid. 
 
 Behind the Emperor and Empress are grouped ; Youssouf- 
 Izeddin-Effendi, son of the Sultan, Prince Tou-Kougavva, 
 brother of the Tycoon, Prince and Princess Lucien Murat, 
 Prince and Princess Joachim Murat, Prince and Princess 
 Napoleon Charles Bonaparte, Prince Achille Murat, with 
 the great officers of the Crown and the attendants on foreign 
 princes, forming the back ground. Such a gathering of 
 sovereigns and princes had probably never taken place before. 
 
 Opposite the throne, on the two lower benches, extends a 
 perfect rainbow of foreign uniforms, constellated with all the 
 orders in Christendom. We need not add that this is the 
 diplomatic body. Lord Cowley’s scarlet coat contrasts with 
 the immaculate white of the Austrian ; Prussian blue elbows 
 Russian green ; the great lions of the group, however, are 
 two Hungarian noblemen who, with their velvet cloaks 
 lined with fur, and richly braided coats, seem the observed of 
 all observers. 
 
 As soon as the Emperor and his noble guests have taken 
 
Quetal Tremois’ Sawing Machine. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 77 
 
 of fairy-land. We also find in this gallery specimens of 
 popular costumes, although belonging to another group 
 
 Peasant woman of Britanny. 
 
8o 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 FURNITURE. 
 
 The art of internal decoration has made great progress in 
 France of late. Museums and palaces have been ransacked 
 to procure handsome models, and with the assistance of clever 
 
 artists and ingenious 
 workmen it has been 
 a comparatively easy 
 matter for French manu¬ 
 facturers to bring their 
 furniture to its present 
 state of perfection. Not 
 so light would be our 
 task to convey by words 
 to our readers some idea 
 of these refinements, 
 and we shall conse¬ 
 quently call illustrations 
 more than once to our 
 aid, to replace or com- 
 Arm-chair, Fourdinoi?. plete Our description. 
 
 First in this gallery stands Mr. Fourdinois, and first also did 
 he stand in the estimation of the jury, who granted him, and 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION, 
 
 95 
 
 termed artistic bronze , has been created. Numerous manu¬ 
 facturers now devote themselves to this new branch of trade, 
 and by dint of perseverance they have succeeded in pro¬ 
 ducing perfect imitations of bronze in every respect at about 
 one-fifth of its cost. We give here Specimens from Boy and 
 Lefevre, the two largest houses in that line. 
 
 We find here again Durenne 
 and Barbezat, whose fountains 
 we have noticed in the Park. 
 
 Here they exhibit cast-iron sta¬ 
 tues, fountains, lamp-bearers, 
 
 &c., which are all highly fi¬ 
 nished. 
 
 We may remark here, by the 
 bye, that this is the fourth sec¬ 
 tion where we find cast-iron sta¬ 
 tues ; another instance of the 
 defects of the classification 
 adopted. 
 
 We have already noticed 
 clocks, but only as far as the Bronze Flower Vase, Matifat. 
 outside case was concerned ; we must now speak of the real 
 clock-makers, of those who give life to this body. 
 
 We must grant the first place to Leroy & Son, of the 
 Palais Royal, 13 et 15, Galerie Montpensier, whose reputa¬ 
 tion dates from upwards of a century, and w.ho are so con¬ 
 fident in the superiority of their work, that they have not 
 feared to compete with the well-known excellence of 
 
118 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Corot, who renders so truthfully matutinal fogs and day¬ 
 break vapours. 
 
 We feel we must pass by many that are deserving of notice, 
 but what can we do where everything or nearly everything is 
 beautiful ; we will, therefore, end our condensed survey by 
 naming in a lump as most remarkable The Bookworm , by 
 Hielmacher ; The Village Barber , by Guillaumin Brion’s 
 Saint Odile; Fromentin’s Kabyle Shepherd; The Fish Market , 
 by Ph. Rousseau ; The Banks of the Nile , by Tournemine, 
 Military Scenes , by Protais ; The Fellah Woman , by Landelle ; 
 Roman Peasants , by Hebert; Love Secrets , by Jourdain ; 
 Christ walking on the Sea , by Jalabert; Saint Vincent de 
 Paule , by Bonnet ; Eleonore d’Este, by Comte ; The Return from 
 the Chase , by Luminais, and the Battle of Solferino , by Beauce, 
 given by the Emperor to Marshal Niel. 
 
 We were about to forget Courbet, the realistic painter, who 
 not content with the space which was awarded him, con¬ 
 structed an exhibition extra muros for himself alone, and sent 
 nothing remarkable here but a pretty well lighted landscape. 
 We must also mention, before leaving the Gallery of Fine 
 Arts, a painting on enamel by Claude Popelin, representing 
 the principal literati of the Renaissance , which reminds us 
 much of the style of Henri Golzius; some pretty drawings of 
 Alex. Bida, illustrating the works of Alfred de Musset, and 
 the water colour drawings of Eugene Lami and d’Ouvrie, 
 which can almost rival those of England. 
 
 Although painters on glass were not ranked among 
 artists in the official classification, we will name them here 
 where they appear to us to have the greatest right to'a place* 
 
 We have already had occasion to speak of the stained win- 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 Il 9 
 
 dows in the Chapel of the Park ; those of the large Gallery are 
 placed very much too high to allow them to be duly appre¬ 
 ciated. Mr. Didron and Messrs. Goglet, Quesnoux and Pouille 
 exhibit some large compositions of stained glass of a beauti¬ 
 fully decorative style, which would no doubt gain by a closer 
 view. The restorations of Mr. Caffetier and Mr. Oudinot 
 are not without merit as far as regards fidelity of execution. 
 
 Mr. Lusson has a well executed Virgin, on a blue ground, 
 in the style of the 14th century. 
 
 We regret not to find in the Great Gallery, Mr. Laurent 
 Gsell, a true and conscientious artist, whom we had oc¬ 
 casion to admire in the Chapel of the Park ; his paintings on 
 glass merited a better place than that which was assigned to 
 them in one of the small entrance Galleries. Not only does 
 Mr. Gsell possess great talent, but he has the still rarer tact to 
 choose well his cooperators ; we may mention among the 
 latter Mr. Castellani, a young spirited painter, who displays 
 great originality in his ideas, Messrs. Steker, Moreau, 
 Mend, Weber, e tutti quanti. It is no wonder that with such 
 a staff, Mr. Laurent Gsell can execute extensive and remark¬ 
 able works. 
 
x 54 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Messrs. Heuse-Lemoine & Co., of Nessonvaux, show a line 
 series of gun-barrels and other materials for gun-making, 
 which are greatly prized by connoisseurs. 
 
 Before leaving the subject of metals, we may mention some 
 interesting specimens of nickel sent by Montefiore, Levi & Co. 
 of Val-Benoit, which are shown under various forms and even 
 in the shape of statuettes. This metal is much used for alloy 
 and it also serves in a nearly pure state to replace copper for 
 coins of small value in Belgium. 
 
 Flemish linen has long been celebrated ; at the time of the 
 Spanish occupation it was the first industry of the country. 
 The samples we see here prove that modern Belgians worthily' 
 sustain the reputation of their ancestors. 
 
 Mr. Parmentier, of Iseghem, exhibits cloths of remarkable 
 whiteness, regularity and fineness ; we also notice a magni¬ 
 ficent table service made for the the King of the Belgians by 
 Thienpont & Son, of Ghent, some more simple, but still 
 very good, services by Jacques de Brandt, of Alost, and 
 some white cloths from Van den Branden, of Enghien, which 
 are remarkable for the regularity of the texture. 
 
 There are also large establishments in Belgium for bleach¬ 
 ing, dressing, dyeing, and printing cotton. One of the 
 principal ones is the Stalle Company, near Brussels, which 
 occupies 5 00 workmen, and produces 30,000 metres of 
 cotton prints daily. Among spinning mills, the most con- 4 
 siderable is that of the Loth Company, also near Brussels, 
 which owns 1,500 mechanical looms for spinning wools, and 
 30,000 spindles. Tournay possesses also a spinning mill 
 for combed wools, which sends fine samples. 
 
 Thread for sewing and embroidering is chiefly made at 
 
l 6 o RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 A few statues are grouped under the porch of the Fine 
 Arts Pavilion. A charming Hebe , by Samain, belonging to 
 the King of the Belgians, and the Flute Player , by Fassin, 
 are the only two pieces worth noticing. 
 
 Outside of the building stand two colossal statues. One is 
 an equestrian likeness of King Leopold I., by Geefs, which, 
 were we not awed by the artist’s great reputation, we 
 should call rather tame ; the other, which we much prefer, 
 represents Ambiorix , King of the Eburons, proudly standing 
 on a dolmen, and surrounded with a railing formed of the 
 rude pikes of the period. 
 
 We are much surprised not to find any statues from Frai- 
 kin, whose works were so much admired in 1862. 
 
 In the building we find a splendid pulpit of carved oak, 
 by Goyers Brothers, of Louvain, illustrating several phases of 
 the life of Christ. This monument, which is in the rich style 
 usually found in Belgian churches, is marked 25,000 fr., by no 
 means an exhorbitant price. 
 
 Last not least , we shall mention Harze’s terra-cotta groups, 
 which are constantly surrounded with crowds of admirers. 
 They are all in the humourous style, and, although small, are 
 finished with such perfection that not only the expression of 
 the features, but the most minute details are faithfully ren¬ 
 dered. Among the best and most comical, we may cite an 
 old dowager sitting for her portrait with stately gravity, 
 whilst the painter overcome with fatigue is dropping asleep 
 behind the canvass ; a thief, with a most rascally face and 
 dilapidated costume, being brought to trial ; and two scenes 
 of Moliere’s Plays, one from Tartuffe , and the other from 
 the Bourgeois Gentilhomme. 
 
190 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OP 
 
 We now enter the Fine Arts Gallery. In the middle of 
 the Austrian section we remark an equestrian portrait of 
 Francis Joseph, by Otto von Thoren, in the correct but some¬ 
 what tame style of Winterhalter. 
 
 Opposite we have-a Scene at the Warsaw Diet, which seems 
 painted with raspberry jam. We thought these violet tints 
 were out of fashion ; we own that we prefer to these miles of 
 canvass small well finished pictures like an Old Womans head, 
 by Franz Eybl, or the Return from Siberia, by Lofiler. We 
 must, however, pay a just tribute of admiration to a Battle 
 scene , by Fritz FAllemand, and to the Lissa Naval Fight, by 
 Piittner. The latter especially is full of action, and the water 
 is beautifully transparent. 
 
 After the Bal Masque , by Schon, is a very effective scene. 
 A curtain is suddenly drawn, and the daylight pouring in 
 discovers the half-drunken revellers and the wreck of the 
 
 orgie. 
 
 The Little Chapel is in the Gerard Dow manner. Three 
 lights meet without confounding their rays, and reflect on the 
 faces of children kneeling and singing Psalms. 
 
 A View in Cairo is carefully handled, but somewhat misty. 
 The Nile seems to have borrowed a fog mantle from the 
 Thames. If. there is no blue sky left in Egypt, where in 
 the world are we to look for it ! 
 
 Switzerland, emulating Bavaria, has erected its Temple of 
 Fine Arts in the Park; although less well filled than that of 
 its rival, it contains some commendable works. 
 
 Landscapes form the bulk of the pictures exhibited. 
 Among the most remarkable we may mention the Interior of 
 a Forest, by Costan, Setting Sun at the Wetterhorn, by Jenny, 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION, 
 
 1 9 1 
 
 the Giesbach falls , by Diday, Valeyres , by Dumont, Still 
 waters, by Lemaire, The dawn of day on Mount Pilate , by 
 Zelger, the Forest brook , by Steffan, the Lake of the Four 
 Cantons , by Veilon, Frohn Alp , by Berthoud, and Via Mala , 
 by Hebert. 
 
 The fete of Swiss wrestlers , by Bachelin, is full of life and 
 motion ; a Religious Meeting in the Alps , by Kunder, bespeaks 
 also a clever artist. 
 
 Cows fighting, by Jacob, and On the banks of the Lake , by 
 Lugerdon, are two admirable cattle scenes. 
 
 Pre-Raphaelite notions seem to have found their way 
 into Switzerland, if we may judge from Buchser’s Abnegation , 
 which exhibits all the high colouring, stiffness and minute 
 details of that school. 
 
196 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Madrid Manola. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 219 
 
 CHAPTER XXL 
 
 ITALY AND ROME. 
 
 Commerce and industry, once so flourishing in Italy, have 
 experienced during the last centuries numerous vicissitudes ; 
 but such has not been the case with the Fine Arts, the culti¬ 
 vation of which has been constantly kept up in this country, 
 so richly endowed with imagination. The fact is fully proved 
 at the Exhibition where Italian manufactures * are scarcely 
 noticed, whilst their pictures, and especially their sculptures, 
 are the object of universal admiration. 
 
 We shall, therefore, this time give deservedly the first 
 place to the Fine Arts, commencing with the statuary. 
 
 To the marble group of “ La Piete,” by Jean Dupre, of 
 Florence, the great prize has been awarded. Whilst fully 
 acknowledging the merits of this work, We think it lacks 
 somewhat in originality and recalls, in many points, Michael 
 Angelo’s Pieta , of which a model is to be seen in the Crystal 
 Palace* 
 
 We confess our preference for “ The last moments of 
 Napoleon I.,” by Vela, of Turin. The Emperor seated in an 
 arm-chair is fast sinking; in his noble countenance are de¬ 
 picted mental anguish and bodily suffering ; his right hand 
 distended seems to let life escape, whilst the left is nervously 
 
232 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 It is chiefly at Constantinople and Scutari that mantles, dres¬ 
 ses, coverlets, carpets, babouches, naleuns (small pattens for 
 going to the bath), tobacco' pouches, and numerous other 
 things are worked with gold, silver and glittering colours. 
 These embroideries, which are all made by hand—the sewing 
 machine not having yet penetrated so far—are called oyas. 
 Ordinary articles are bedizened with paintings {yazmas ) to imi¬ 
 tate embroidery. The brilliant silk stuffs figured with gold, 
 and the elegant silver striped gauzes, which form part of the 
 costumes of rich females, are manufactured nearly everywhere, 
 but chiefly at Broussa, Aleppo, Smyrna and in Roumelia. 
 The poorer classes wear cotton tissues either of pure or mixed 
 material which are termed hemhas , aladjas , daghs , or tchezmes. 
 The use made of these different stuffs can be appreciated in 
 the very complete Gallery of national costumes. 
 
 The same genius which causes the Turk to embroider tis¬ 
 sues makes him engrave metal with a thousand fantastic de¬ 
 signs. The exquisite nielle which runs in light arabesques on 
 the burnished tints of the Damascus steel, shows the taste of 
 Eastern artists-, sword hilts, scabbard trappings, goblets, 
 knives, &c. are covered with gilt carvings, which set off the 
 azure ground of the metal. 
 
 The great trophy shines with magnificent specimens of fire 
 and other arms ; around a large stag’s head are symmetrically 
 ranged guns of every description, “trusty” Damascus 
 blades and pistols of different sizes. Next to the modern rifle 
 is a match revolver which is several centuries old, and 
 the curved blade of the kilidji crosses that of the kamcit 
 which is straight and pointed and has two grooves in the 
 middle to drain off the blood. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 35 
 
 curious Assyrian inscription, in cuneiform characters, found 
 at Khorsabad and translated by him into Latin, and a phytotomic 
 herbary composed of flowers, clothed, when freshly plucked, 
 with a transparent varnish and placed afterwards between two 
 sheets of glass, which process completely preserves their 
 shape and colour. 
 
 As we are now in the Gallery of the History of Labour, 
 we shall give a look to this magnificent gold plate of the fourth 
 century, discovered in 1837 in the Petrossa Treasury. It 
 consists of a diadem and breast-piece enriched with precious 
 stones, of large gold dishes, of various ornaments and of 
 sacred vases chased in the purest Byzantine style. 
 
 These relicts of the opulence of the Eastern Empire which 
 are now exposed to view, after having been buried for fifteen 
 centuries, possess a particular attraction which is heightened 
 by their being in a wonderful state of preservation ; indeed 
 they seem as if they had just been turned out of the work¬ 
 man’s hands. 
 
 There are many other interesting specimens furnished by 
 the convents of Roumania, which appear to be very rich in an¬ 
 tiquities. Their architecture is also extremely curious, partak¬ 
 ing at the same time of the Grecian and Moorish styles. A 
 model of the Ardceche church, built in 1520 by Prince Ne- 
 goye Bassarabe, gives a good idea of this hybrid type. 
 
 The same traces of a mixed origin are to be found in the 
 Rouman costumes, which combine the Roman, Greek, Sclavon 
 and Turkish elements. Among these costumes, which are 
 very picturesque, we may mention those of the inhabitants of 
 Romanatzi, Sutchava, Campolung and Sourondjia. The 
 most curious, however, is the attire of a monk ( calugher ) on 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 r> "> 7 
 
 2 o7 
 
 domes and peculiar looking slanting windows. In the centre 
 is placed a bust of rock-salt representing Charles I. The 
 artist has evidently done his best, but the material used gives 
 to this personage a lachrymatory expression not suited to his 
 dignity ; his melting eyes -seem to be weeping over the 
 vicissitudes of his country. 
 
 A pavilion of the same style, but on a larger scale, has 
 been erected in the Park; the interior is fitted up in that 
 luxurious semi-oriental style, which is characteristic of rich 
 people’s dwellings in Roumania. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 289 
 
 Foley, and Europe , Asia , Africa, and America , by Durham, 
 which latter are placed round Prince Albert’s statue in the 
 Royal Horticultural Society’s Gardens at Kensington. The 
 same firm also exhibits a handsome dinner service, manufac¬ 
 tured for the Prince of Wales ; some fine porcelain tazzas, 
 and a gigantic vase decorated with flowers, painted by a Ger¬ 
 man artist, Mr. Hiortel. 
 
 The Royal Worcester Porcelain Manufactory is not, like 
 the Sevres, Berlin, Dresden or Petersburg manufactories, a 
 government establishment; it is simply a private concern, 
 which has taken its name, we believe, from having been 
 visited by one of our kings in the last century. It has, how¬ 
 ever, done its best to show itself worthy of its ancient reputa¬ 
 tion, and at least equal to its more modern competitors. 
 
 Plate, Goode. 
 
 Messrs. Josiah Wedgwood & Sons have not failed to 
 exhibit the blue ware with white relief, which has acquired 
 under their name more than European celebrity. Amateurs 
 can here study and appreciate the difference which exists 
 between ancient and modern Wedgwood ware, a difference 
 
 T 
 
RECOLLECTIONS ok 
 
 33 ° 
 
 banks > of the Brisbane and Bremer rivers are rich in cod, 
 copper is found in abundance near Rockhampton, and the 
 gold fields, which are'yet in their infancy, exported in 1866 
 gold dust to the amount of £85,521. 
 
 Among the natural curiosities peculiar to that Colony, we 
 may mention the dugong (Halicore Australis ), from which is 
 extracted an oil which is said to have the same medicinal 
 properties as cod liver oil* without its unpleasant smell, and 
 which also serves to make excellent soap. The flesh is eaten 
 by the natives, the skin can be converted ’into glue, and the 
 bones, which are hard and firm; take a polish equal to that of 
 ivory. We also observe somfe Moreton Bay pearls of a 
 good colour, and a necklace of white topazes, or Australian 
 diamonds, exhibited by Mrs. Marsh. 
 
 New South Wales possesses in abundance the raw materials 
 of wealth; which it needs but sufficient capital and population 
 to develop. Besides the products of its pastures, which 
 have been hitherto the chief source of its prosperity, it is rich 
 in minerals of all sorts which will, in time, command due at¬ 
 tention. Coal is already extracted in large quantities, the 
 Newcastle mines alone yielding about twenty thousand tons 
 yearly ; copper is exhibited from Cadiangulong and Curra- 
 wang, iron from Nattai, silver from Moringa and Woolgarlo, 
 and gold from upwards of thirty different districts. 
 
 The series of woods is very extensive, comprising som e 
 four hundred specimens, and the show of cereals speaks wel 
 for the fertility of the soil. 
 
 Among curious native manufactures, we may mention some 
 boots made of Kangaroo leather, a myall-wood flute, gloves 
 spun from opossum wool, cabbage-tree- hats and plaits i 
 
ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 To all who court the gay and festive scenes the following are indispensable. 
 
 Is a delightfully fragrant and transparent preparation for the Hair, and as 
 an invigorator and beautifier beyond all precedent. In dressing the Hair 
 nothing can equal its effect, rendering it so admirably soft, that it will lie 
 in any direction, imparting a transcendent lustre, and sustaining it in deco¬ 
 rative charm during the dance or the heated atmosphere of crowded 
 
 assemblies. 
 
 Price 3s. 6d., 7s., 10s. 6d,, equal to four small, and 21s. per bottle. 
 
 FOR THE SKIN AND COMPLEXION, 
 
 Is unequalled for its rare and inestimable qualities, the radiant bloom it 
 imparts to the cheek, the softness and delicacy which it induces to the hands 
 and arms, and its capability of soothing irritation, removing cutaneous defects, 
 discolorations, and all unsightly appearances, render it 
 
 IIDTIDISIPEJNISAAIBILIE TO EVEKY TOILET. 
 
 Price 4s. Gd. and 8s. 6d. per bottle. 
 
 OR PEARL DENTIFRICE, 
 
 Compounded of the choicest and most recherche ingredients of the oriental 
 herbal, and of inestimable value in preserving and beautifying the Teeth, 
 strengthening the gums, and in giving a pleasing fragrance to the breath. 
 It eradicates tartar from the Teeth, removes spots of incipient decay, and 
 polishes and preserves the enamel, to which it 
 
 IIMEPAJELTS -A PEARL-LIKE WHITENESS. 
 
 Price 2s. 9d. per box. 
 
 Sold by A. ROWLAND and SONS, 20, Hatton Garden, London, and by 
 Chemists and Perfumers. 
 
 * * * Ask for “ ROWLANDS’ ” articles. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 87 
 
 stunted in its growth. Since it has been stimulated by a 
 healthy foreign competition it has achieved great progress, 
 and can n6w successfully compete with its rivals. The best 
 specimens of this kind are displayed by Messrs. Leboeuf, Mil- 
 liet & Co., who possess two large manufactories, one at 
 Montereau under the direction of Mr. Frontier, and one at 
 Creil managed by Mr. Barluet. 
 
 St. Louis and Baccarat are the two principal establishments 
 
 for crystal, and their exhibition is ' of the most dazzling 
 description. In the centre stands a gigantic candelabrum, 
 
9^ 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OP 
 
 Lampbearer, Boy. 
 
 LO\&y 
 
 Lampbearer, Durenne. 
 
 /r>r )/ 
 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION, 
 
 99 
 
 year, the month, the date, the day of the week, and the 
 phases of the moon, 
 
 Mr, Oudin’s and Mr. Detouche’s clocks deserve also a 
 special mention. Mr. Detouche, who has one of the 
 largest establishments in Paris for the sale of watches, 
 
 o 
 
 Watch, Leroy & Son. 
 
 clocks and jewellery, exhibits some very remarkable pieces 
 among which we notice a regulator with compensated 
 equations and pendulum, an all the year round clock showing 
 the date by means of shifting cards, and some highly chased 
 silver cups and statuettes, for presentation or racing prizes. 
 
 c 2 
 
L 34 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 one can grow, manufacture and export what he likes without 
 restraint. 
 
 The cultivation of tobacco, which was already practised by 
 the Arabs, has received great extension since the French oc¬ 
 cupation. Plants have been introduced from Havana, Mary¬ 
 land, Java and Manilla, but the indigenous species termed 
 chebli succeeds best. It is mostly bought by the Imperial 
 manufactory to make halfpenny cigars , the consumption of 
 which in France is enormous. 
 
 The annual production of tobacco may be estimated at ten 
 thousand tons, besides fifteen hundred tons of cigars manu¬ 
 factured at Algiers and Oran by smart cigaritas, imported 
 from Seville and Madrid. 
 
 When the French took possession of Algeria, they found 
 cotton cultivated there by the Arabs in the plains of Habra 
 and Sig. In order to stimulate this branch of industry, 
 Government granted for the first years a prize of twenty 
 thousand francs*to the best cotton grown in the Colony. 
 This system has been discontinued, but the colonists require 
 no such stimulants, for they produce excellent cotton, chiefly 
 sea-island , and their exports which now amount to eight 
 thousand bales, tend to increase every year. M. du Mesgnil 
 exhibits the best samples *, after his, we may name those of 
 Messrs. Dubourg, Guyonnet, Flerzog & Co., and Lescure. 
 
 Flax and hemp grow spontaneously in Algeria j two' 
 species of the former are largely cultivated, the white- 
 flowered Sicilian for its seeds, and the blue-flowered Riga 
 for its filaments. 
 
 The populations of Northern Africa have at all times 
 considered their flocks as their principal riches. The merino 
 
140 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 banana fibres, a good notion for utilizing the stem of the tree 
 after the fruit has been cut off. 
 
 Saint-Pierre and Miquelon are two small islands near 
 Newfoundland, the only remains of the once extensive 
 French possessions in North America. Their sole re¬ 
 sources consist in the products of fishing and hunting, and 
 their chief exhibition in cod-liver oil and furs. 
 
 Crossing over to Africa we come upon Senegal, which 
 sends a rich assortment of gums, derived from different species 
 of acacias, and known under the generic name of gum arabic ; 
 also ground nuts, palm oil, wax, coffee, cocoa, cotton, ivory, 
 woods, (the most costly of which is ebony), gold and silver in 
 ingots, and a curious* collection of native arms, ornaments, and 
 musical instruments. 
 
 Nutmeg. 
 
 1849, has now risen to above sixty 
 thousand pounds, superseding in a 
 great measure that procured hitherto 
 from Mexico, and greatly cheapening 
 -the price of this useful condiment and 
 grateful perfume. 
 
 We also see in Reunion those 
 famed swallow-nests of which the 
 
 Reunion, which was formerly called 
 Bourbon, offers us samples of sugar, 
 cotton, cocoa, coffee, Indian corn, betel, 
 nutmeg, cloves, myrobolanes, saffron, and 
 vanilla. The latter has been cultivated 
 with great success of late years, and the 
 annual production which only attained 
 seven pounds in 
 
 Cloves. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 I46 
 
 down by tradition from their forefathers. They now seem to 
 have awakened from this sleepy state, and their collec¬ 
 tion of machines, although still inferior to the English and 
 American, shows that they are on the path of progress. 
 
 Mr. Peltier, Junior, one of the largest manufacturers of 
 agricultural implements, exhibits a great variety of ploughs, 
 harrows, hoes, rakes, rollers, scarifiers, sowing, reaping, 
 
 Peltier’s Horse-Rake. 
 
 hay-making, and chaff machines, barrows, spades, shovels, 
 pick-axes, &c. 
 
 Pernollet, of Paris, shows some separators for coffee, cocoa, 
 and various seeds, and some screens with ventilators. 
 
 .Paulin Millet, of Troyes, manufactures principally root- 
 cutters ; Gamier & Co., of Redan, the necessary apparatus 
 for making cider ; Chauvet-Phillement, of Juvisy, ploughs of 
 different sorts. 
 
THE PARIS EXPI1BITI0N. 1 5 I 
 
 they remembered that their country had given birth to eminent 
 artists, and crying out 
 
 Anch’ lo son’ pittore, 
 
 they shook off the trammels of a servile imitation, and began 
 to produce original works worthy in every sense to compete 
 with those of their rivals. 
 
 Metals rank among the chief industries of Belgium. The 
 basins of the rivers Sambre and Meuse are particularly rich in 
 iron and coal bearings, which are worked in the neighbour¬ 
 hood of Charleroi, Namur and Liege. Travellers passing 
 through these districts at night will have remarked that the 
 whole plain seems on fire, and that the sky is illuminated with 
 the reddish glare of the blast-furnaces, as is the case in what 
 is called in England, “ the black country.” 
 
 The Belgian iron trade was already in a flourishing state 
 under the Dutch dominion. The Straing foundry, built by 
 a clever and enterprising Englishman, John Cockerill, and 
 aided with the funds of King William, had taken a great exten¬ 
 sion, and its success had encouraged the formation of kindred 
 establishments in the provinces of Liege and Hainaut. The 
 introduction of railways gave a great impulse to these works, 
 which not only had to provide for home wants, but which, 
 through a special favour of the Zollverein, supplied the plant 
 to German railways. Belgium now succeeds in producing 
 iron of every kind, except steel iron, which has still to be im¬ 
 ported from Sweden. Next to rails, its chief manufacture is 
 sheet iron, of which about twenty thousand tons are exported 
 yearly, half of this quantity being taken by France. 
 
 The principal exhibitors, in that line, are the Esperance 
 iron and coal-pit at Seraing and Liege, the Marcinelle Metal- 
 
162 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 cultural products of her soil, and, above all, her colonies 
 which are very prosperous. 
 
 ' Availing herself of the courage of her navigators, and the 
 enterprise of her merchants-, Holland has for a long time past 
 turned into good account the riches of the far East, and 
 more particularly of Japan and the Indian archipelago. The 
 Portuguese led the way, but the nations amongst whom they 
 attempted to settle were soon tired of their excesses and 
 fanaticism, and gladly welcomed the Dutch who established 
 a mild and peaceful form of Government, in lieu of the 
 oppression to which they had been subjected. The in¬ 
 fluence of this contact between Holland and the people 
 of the far East on Dutch manufactures showed itself in a 
 very remarkable manner, since the 16th century. 
 
 The first Delft pottery was an imitation of Japanese 
 porcelain, and in ordinary earthenware, we still find the 
 colour, design, and shape of the products of that country. 
 
 The same is to be observed in mats, blinds, stuffs, brass 
 vases, and a number of other articles belonging to every-day 
 life, so that in walking through the streets of Amsterdam 
 one would almost imagine being in Japan, and we have 
 experienced the same impression when passing through some 
 of the suburbs of Lisbon, which have retained the traces of 
 the past, when their city was the Queen of the Seas. 
 
 Besides imitated wares, however, we observe a collection of 
 arms, costumes, jewels, and articles of every description, 
 proceeding from the immense Dutch possessions in the 
 Indian archipelago; we even find there the Topengs or masks 
 used for theatrical representations at Java, and a series of 
 Wayangs or puppets, made of thin buffalo hide which 
 
i8o 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 We also find in the Austrian Park a pavilion wherein is 
 shown a new method of treatment for the insane, which con¬ 
 sists in restoring their reason by letting them enjoy the sweets 
 and comforts of family life. 
 
 In the Machine Gallery we observe a large assortment of 
 Hungarian wines •, a trophy of scythes and bills sent by 
 Zeitlinger, of Blennau; and Schember’s ingenious scales 
 for weighing locomotives, indicating the pression of each 
 wheel, so that the degree of tension of the spring may be 
 easily regulated. 
 
 Among the marine models, figures, as a matter of course, 
 that of the Archduke Ferdinand Max , an iron-plated frigate 
 which ran down the Re d'Italia at the battle of Lissa. This 
 episode is again illustrated in the Picture Gallery, and well 
 may the Austrians pride themselves on this success, which 
 was the only serious one they obtained during this disastrous 
 war. 
 
 By the side of models of lighthouses, torpedos, tents and 
 military waggons we see a well imagined telegraph by Cheva¬ 
 lier A. de Bergmiiller for local police or fire-brigade service 
 in towns. A list of the most ordinary accidents, such as 
 chimney fires, dwelling-house or factory fires, inundations, 
 carriage br horse accidents, &c., are fixed on a pillar to be 
 placed in the principal thoroughfares. Each line is accom¬ 
 panied with a spring which, on being touched, communicates 
 immediately to the nearest station the spot and nature of the 
 mishap. 
 
 What a charming application of this invention could be 
 made for domestic purposes ! What a saving of time and 
 words it would be if those “stupid servants” could be 
 
23 ° 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 fountain refreshes the atmosphere, and the light creeps timidly 
 in, subdued by coloured glass ; we feel almost tempted to call 
 for coffee and pipes to complete the enjoyment of this Eastern 
 scene. 
 
 On entering the building, we vainly look for machinery 
 in the Turkish department; a carpet-loom and a corn-thrasher, 
 both of the most antiquated description, are all we can find in 
 the way of mechanical appliances. 
 
 As a compensation, however, the collection of minerals is . 
 extensive. Gold, silver, brass, iron, lead, mercury, zinc, all 
 metals in fact, appear to meet in this favoured country ; but, 
 as is the case with Spain, labour and capital are sadly 
 deficient. 
 
 Precious stones rank also among Turkish exhibits ; here is 
 a block of amethyst weighing upwards of sixty pounds, which 
 Sinbad the Sailor probably brought home from his travels. 
 
 The Panderma marbles are very fine, and make one regret 
 they should be in the hands of people who are forbidden by 
 their religion to delineate the human form. Mahomet, in 
 seeking to suppress idolatry, destroyed Art with the same blow. 
 
 The exhibition of woods shows the happy position of this 
 country where the northern and southern vegetation are to 
 be found equally thriving. Here we see the pine, oak and 
 beech, as well as the palm, olive and lentisque trees. 
 
 Articles made of wood are for the most part of a very 
 curious shape ; we notice among others Janina wine goblets, 
 Djeddah fig-tree vases, and some basins, spoons, and imple¬ 
 ments of husbandry. We also remark plates and baskets 
 made of Syrian straw, and some wicker tables, and very 
 original matting from Circassia and the Liban. 
 
266 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 quarteroon girl coquetting with a man several shades removed. 
 
 The red autumnal tint of the trees seen in Kensett’s land¬ 
 scape, Lake George, and in another by McEntee, called Asho- 
 km Woods, may appear strange to those who have not visited 
 America j yet it is perfectly natural, for leaves assume in that 
 country, at the time of the “ fall,” the most rosy aspect. 
 
 All those who have travelled in tropical climes will also 
 appreciate Church’s picture representing the rainy season in 
 those parts. This chiaro-oscuro effect crowned with a rain¬ 
 bow is very fine, and quite true to nature. The same artist 
 has been less successful with his earlier production, Niagara 
 Falls; the upper part is too white, and the lower too green ; 
 the contrast appears hard and unnatural. 
 
 We may mention three other paintings which are highly 
 commendable ; a sweet Child's head, by Baker ; the Consecra¬ 
 tion, by Lambdin ; and the Penitent , by Houghton. 
 
 As sculptures, we remark a bust of Lincoln, by Volk, ah 
 excellent likeness of the late President, and the Sleeping Fawn, 
 a well modelled statue by Miss Hosmer. 
 
 In conclusion, the United States do not occupy at the Ex¬ 
 hibition a position worthy of their present importance, and 
 especially of their brilliant future. The true elements of their 
 greatness are their millions of acres of arable land, their 
 thousands of miles of sea-board, their numerous and commo¬ 
 dious ports, and their immense navigable rivers. Impressed 
 with this idea, they wisely distribute maps showing all the 
 ground still vacant and calling for fertilizing hands. Let 
 us hope that this appeal will be heard, and that a few more 
 millions of our over grown population will leave our used-up 
 Europe, and flock towards this land of plenty. 
 
Mexican Temple of Xochicalco. 
 
 To end our list of natural products, we shall mention in a 
 lump, tobacco, cotton and silk from Corrientes and Santa 
 Fe ; wool, indigo, cochineal and quelbrajo bark for dyeing, 
 from Buenos Ayres ; cotton, tobacco and medicinal plants 
 from Paraguay *, cereals and timber from Uruguay ; pearls, 
 dye and cabinet woods, india-rubber and textile fibres from 
 
 THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 27 I 
 
 The Argentine Confederation, proving ambitious to justify 
 its name, exhibits ores of gold, silver, copper, nickel, lead and 
 tin ; besides specimens of agate, chalcedony, onyx and ame¬ 
 thyst, and sulphur and petroleum from the Pampas. 
 
 We also find some samples of amethyst, marble, porphyry, 
 alabaster and basalt in Uruguay •, some gold, silver and copper 
 ores in Costa Rica; and some gold and silver in Nicaragua. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 287 
 
 Common glass bottles for industrial purposes offer but 
 little interest to the general public : yet we may mention that 
 the Aire and Calder, and the Yorkshire Bottle Companies 
 have an assortment of well-made bottles, some of them show¬ 
 ing improvements in the way of stoppering. 
 
 Glass is one of the numerous classes in which British ex¬ 
 hibitors were badly treated by the Jury. Several of the 
 houses we have named only received honourable mentions , whilst 
 French glass-makers of scarcely equal merit obtained gold 
 medals. 
 
 Encaustic Tile, Maw. 
 
 Manufacturers of ceramic fared a little better ; two out of 
 the Jive gold medals allotted to that glass having been carried 
 off by British exhibitors, Minton & Co. and Copeland & Sons. 
 
 The former have nothing this time equal in importance to 
 the colossal fountain they exhibited under the East Dome in 
 1862 *, the one we illustrate here is only a miniature in com- 
 
290 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 which proceeds in a great measure from the fact, that at the 
 time it was first produced, the low wages paid to artists 
 allowed much more labour to be bestowed upon it than can 
 now be done. Wedgwood & Sons also show some porcelain 
 very cleverly painted by Lerolle, a French artist. 
 
 Goode’s dinner services are very 
 well decorated, some with various 
 flowers or attributes, others with 
 the arms of the persons for whom 
 they are intended. 
 
 Doulton and Watts’ speciality 
 is stone-ware, but to this coarse 
 material they manage to impart a 
 graceful appearance by their artistic 
 handling, which is no small merit. 
 Their filters in particular are very 
 elegant. 
 
 We have already hinted that 
 chemicals, and all relating there¬ 
 to, were pet subjects with the 
 Jury ; thus we see Messrs. John¬ 
 son and Matthey carry off two 
 gold medals and one silver one 
 for their platina stills (one of which costs no less than 
 ^2,500), and their rare collection of metals and metallic 
 oxides. With every regard for the high merit of this house, 
 we must say we consider plurality of medals an abuse. We 
 do not even consider it an advantage to the exhibitor, for 
 the medals being generally of a different order, they seem 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 3 °6 
 
 display of their different system of constructing vessels of 
 war with their iron-casing, fitting, &c. 
 
 On the river itself is a collection of pleasure boats, in¬ 
 cluding a very elegant sculling skiff for two persons, by 
 Searle & Sons, of Lambeth. 
 
 The War Office shed stands in the Allee d’Europe. 
 In the centre there is a twelve-inch rifled muzzle-loading 
 gun for field service, weighing twenty-three tons ; it is 
 mounted on an iron carriage, and the conical ball, which 
 serves to load it, is hoisted up by means of a pulley ; on 
 either sides are seven and nine inch muzzle-loading guns, a 
 seven inch breech-loading gun and a finely rifled gun for 
 
 Reilly 8z Co.’s breech-loading gun. 
 
 field service. A complete series of British and Colonial mili¬ 
 tary uniforms line the walls. 
 
 In a neighbouring shed we find the Whitworth Company’s 
 celebrated muzzle-loading rifled Howitzer, which had such 
 marked success at the Shoeburyness trials ; owing to its ex- 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 3°7 
 
 treme lightness and portability, it can do equally well for field, 
 mountain or boat service, and notwithstanding its small dimen¬ 
 sions, throws a shell of two pounds weight to a distance 
 of 2,000 yards. In the same shed, Sir William Armstrong 
 exhibits a twelve pound field gun. 
 
 Portable fire-arms are in the building, and we notice 
 among them some fine guns, rifles and revolvers from Lang, 
 of London, and Green, of Birmingham, and above all 
 E. M. Reilly & Co’s central fire breech-loading guns and 
 rifles, which appear to combine every requisite for speed of 
 action and surety of aim. 
 
 The English barracks constructed in the Park are a 
 point of great attraction for the French piou-pious , who look 
 with wonderment, not unmixed with a slight shade of envy, 
 on the comfortable sleeping apartments, baths, billiard-rooms, 
 canteen, &c., provided for their transmarine comrades, 
 comparing them mentally with the discomforts of their own 
 quarters. 
 
 The Victoria Cottage, close by, is a good specimen of 
 the Elizabethan style of architecture, and has been fitted up 
 internally with a variety of encaustic tiles and novel systems 
 of healing and lighting. In front, there is a model of the tomb 
 of Mulready, the great genre painter, which is worthy of the 
 memory of the talented artist. 
 
 We next come to a building in the oriental style., which 
 might be thought to form part of the Turkish or Egyptian 
 Exhibition, were it not found to contain, on nearer approach, 
 machinery of true British stamp. It is simply the Boiler House 
 to which has been given the shape of the Mosque of Syud 
 Oosman, erected in Ahmedabad about the year 1458 *, in this 
 
 V ? 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 3 11 
 
 Honiton lace is but poorly represented, and Irish point 
 seems to take the lead over this once celebrated fabric. Not¬ 
 tingham preserves its usual superiority for lace imitations. 
 Copestake, Moore, Crampton and Co. have the largest 
 and decidedly the best assortment of every kind of lace and 
 muslin. 
 
 In the made-up clothing department we shall notice Mel¬ 
 ton’s brilliant show of hats ; Munt, Brown & Co.’s straw 
 hats and plaits ; and Bowley’s well finished riding boots. 
 
 Binding, Ward & Co. 
 
 A very curious collection is that of all the periodicals 
 published in the three kingdoms, and of the principal books 
 produced lately. They are placed in cleverly arranged 
 
the paris Exhibition. , 325 
 
 encircles this Province on the Atlantic side is auriferous to a 
 sufficient degree to render mining operations highly profitable. 
 
 Although the Nova-Scotia fisheries are not half so im¬ 
 portant as those of Newfoundland, the specimens they send 
 are numerous and well arranged. The same may be said of 
 their natural history collection. We also remark some manu¬ 
 factured articles in the shape of carriages, saddlery, fishing 
 tackle, gold crushing machines, &c. 
 
 Canada naturally fills a large space, and fills it well. Its 
 exhibition is tastefully displayed under a sort of tent, such as 
 used by wood-cutters in the forest. 
 
 The staple production of Canada is.timber, which no other 
 country in the world produces so large, so fine, and in such 
 merchantable condition. A few figures will show what 
 importance this trade has acquired in the Colony. In the 
 forest alone 15,000 men are employed in cutting wood j 
 the partial preparation of the timber employs 200 mills, and 
 10,000 men-, the shipping from the port to Europe, 1,200 
 vessels of an aggregate capacity of 700,000 tons and manned 
 by 17,000 sailors. This does not include the inland naviga¬ 
 tion to bring the timber down to the port of shipment, which 
 occupies several thousand men, and a large amount of tonnage. 
 
 The show of cereals does great credit to Canadian farmers 
 and to the various agricultural societies, which seem to have 
 undertaken the noble task of diffusing the valuable teachings 
 of modern science. 
 
 Few countries present more frequent indications of metal¬ 
 lurgical riches than Canada ; but its mines have not yet had 
 sufficient capital applied to them to make them productive. 
 Copper is destined to occupy some day an important rank in 
 
s. 
 
 ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 GOLD MEDAL PARIS EXHIBITION 1867. 
 
 SALVIATI & COMPANY 
 
 LIMITED, 
 
 30, ST. JAMES’S STREET, S.W. 
 
 VENETIAN ENAMEL MOSAICS FOR MURAL DECORATION, 
 ECCLESIASTICAL AND DOMESTIC. 
 
 VENETIAN BLOWN GLASS 
 
 FOR TABLE AND ORNAMENTAL USE. 
 
 CHANDELIERS AND CANDELABRES 
 
 ADAPTED TO CANDLES AND GAS. 
 
 VENETIAN BEADS OF ALL KINDS. 
 
 DEPOTS ALSO AT PARIS, MURANO AND VENICE. 
 
 LE ROY & FILS, 
 
 (By special Appointment) 
 
 To HER MAJESTY, 
 
 To HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF BRAZIL, 
 And to the ADMIRALTY, 
 
 211 & 213, REGENT STREET, LONDON, 
 
 And 13 and 15, PALAIS ROYAL, PARIS. 
 
 Have the Largest and Finest Stock of 
 
 ©attjes, Clotfe, Carnage Cloths, ft. 
 
 IN LONDON. 
 
 First Class Medals at all the Exhibitions. 
 
XVI, 
 
 AN NONCES. 
 
 RIMMEL’S PERFUME FOUNTAINS, 
 
 DINNER TABLE FOUNTAINS, 
 
 A 15s. and £1 Is. 
 
 C £1 5s. 
 
 Dill 10s. 
 
 FOUNTAINS for DINING ROOMS, BALL ROOMS, & 3 . 
 
 No. 2 <£1 15. 
 
 No. 3 £3 10s. 
 
 No. 7 £(j Gs. 
 
 TURKISH No. 9 £14 14s. 
 
 £0 6s. 
 
 No. 8 £12 12s. 
 
6 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 being only accessible to its members, and their friends, and 
 that to France is to be ascribed the merit of having held in 
 1798, the first public Exhibition. This Exhibition took place, 
 as did the last, at the Champ-de-Mars, but with this difference, 
 that in 1798, the exhibitors amounted only to 110, while sixty 
 years later their number was increased to 42,000, and might 
 have been doubled, had space been granted to all who applied 
 for it. 
 
 From 1798 to 1867, the Exhibitions which succeeded each 
 other at irregular intervals, showed (with a single exception) 
 a gradual progress, as will be seen from the following figures. 
 
 1798 
 v 1801 
 1802 
 1806 
 1819 
 1823 
 1827 
 
 1834 
 
 1839 
 
 1844 
 
 1849 
 
 1855 
 
 1867 
 
 no Exhibitor?. 
 220 „ 
 
 54 ° 
 
 1,442 
 
 1,662 
 
 1,642 „ 
 
 1,695 
 
 2,447 
 3,2,81 
 3,960 
 5,494 
 
 International. 
 
 28,954 
 
 42,237 
 
 We give also by way of comparison, the statistics of the 
 two Exhibitions held in London. 
 
 1851 Hyde Park.13,937 Exhibitors. 
 
 1862 South Kensington ..... 28,653 „ * 
 
 We will now begin our task, adopting the present tense 
 for the facility of narration. 
 
• THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 57 
 
 The art of coach-making has made great progress in France 
 of late years. Instead of the heavy lumbering vehicles of 
 twenty years ago, we have now light elegant carriages, quite 
 able to compete with those of London or Vienna. 
 
 Noel’s Soap-Mill. 
 
 Among the finest specimens, we may mention a state-car¬ 
 riage made by Kellner, for Ismail-Pacha, Viceroy of Egypt, 
 which is lined with quilted satin, relieved with dark blue 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 127 
 
 The ninth period comprises the showy but not always 
 tasteful objects in fashion under the reign of Louis XV. Be¬ 
 sides the Sevres, Chantilly and Vincennes porcelain, and the 
 
 Rouen Tankard, 
 
 Moustiers, Britanny and Normandy earthenware which form 
 the principal part of the collection, we remark a great variety 
 of chimney ornaments, clocks, plate, jewels, bon-bon boxes, 
 
I 5 2 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 lurgic Company near Charleroi, and the Chatelineau Fur¬ 
 naces Company. 
 
 Zinc is also one of the staple metals of Belgium ; the 
 immense mines of Vieille-Montagne near Liege send theirs to 
 all the world. 
 
 Processes for working mines are found here in abundance. 
 We may cite among others, machines for extracting coal and 
 ores, others for lowering workmen into pits, or bringing them 
 up without any jolts or danger, ventilators of all kinds, 
 safety fusees, in fact all possible means for turning to the best 
 account, the treasures of the earth, and for diminishing the 
 labours and perils of the operation. 
 
 We also remark the rails of Legrand and Salkin, Mons, 
 
 Cast-iron Railing, PequiJ.e & Pecqusur. 
 
 the galvanized iron of Dineq-Jourdan, Jemmapes, and the 
 artistic casts of Pequile andPecqueur, Liege, who with such 
 an unyielding material as iron, produce the finest work for 
 stoves, railings, bannisters, garden vases, &c. 
 
i68 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 vantage of thus procuring a cheap paper and encouraging the 
 spread of literature cannot be over-rated. 
 
 Unfortunately it is not all “ peace and good-will among 
 men on the earth, ” to wit, Krupp’s exhibition which next 
 meets our view, and which is bristling with cannons of all 
 sizes, from the muzzle-loading mountain piece weighing less 
 than two hundredweight to the gigantic breech-loading how¬ 
 itzer weighing fifty tons without the carriage. If one did 
 not feel tempted to place by the side of these figures the num¬ 
 ber of human beings these murderous engines are destined to 
 kill, one would express unmitigated admiration for the high 
 finish and ingenious working of these guns. It cannot be 
 denied, in any case, that Mr. Krupp fully deserved the great 
 prize he received, and his magnificent block of steel, melted 
 in 15,000 crucibles and weighing forty tons, would alone 
 have entitled him to it. 
 
 The Bochumer Company exhibits also some remarkable 
 works in steel, and among others a fine toned bell weighing 
 fifteen tons. Our pious forefathers composed their bells of 
 precious metals which made them a coveted prey for invaders •, 
 being made of steel they will probably be more respected. 
 
 Chemnitz, one of the strongholds of the German metal 
 trade is represented by Wagner and Zimmermann’s well 
 wrought machine tools •, by Munich’s apparatus for brewing 
 and distilling ; and by Hartmann’s splendid locomotive with a 
 compartment for the driver and stoker, sheltering them from 
 smoke or bad weather. 
 
 Keppler, of Esslingen, exhibits also a fine locomotive, 
 intended to run from Delhi to Calcutta. How is it, by the 
 
86 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Hungarian Costume. 
 
188 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 walls of the recess are hung with the same fabric as well as 
 the corners of the roof which let in a soft light producing 
 a charming effect. 
 
 The sides of this room are filled with the collective exhi¬ 
 bition of the Bale ribbon manufacturers, and by machine 
 embroidery from Straheli-Wild, of St. Gall, and others. 
 
 In the centre, amid the jewellery cases, we notice one of 
 the prettiest things in the Exhibition ; a series of natural 
 butterflies mounted most artistically under glass, and forming 
 pins, brooches, &c. Here is the Morpho Menelas from 
 Brasil, the Laurentia with its azure shades from Columbia, 
 the elegant Amplipodin Hercules of the Moluccas, and several 
 indigenous sorts, all preserving their bright colours which 
 the glass renders brighter still. It is an excellent idea, well 
 carried out, and does great credit to its inventor, Mr. Artaria, 
 of Lugano, canton of Ticino. 
 
 Besides the embroideries we have mentioned, there are 
 some very remarkable ones in the Furniture Court. We 
 may cite particularly some embroidered tulle curtains from 
 Tanner and Schief, of Herisau, some muslin curtains with 
 tulle applications from Steiger, Schoch and Eberhardt, of 
 the same town, some tulle curtains embroidered with chain- 
 stitch, from Speicher, a magnificent embroidered muslin robe 
 from Baenziger, of St. Gill, an embroidered muslin curtain 
 representing tropical plants, from Depierre, Lausanne, and 
 some tulle curtains with applications, from Alder and Meyer, 
 Herisau,. 
 
 The interior of the second court is filled with cotton prints 
 of staring patterns made at Glaris, Schwanden and Diessen- 
 hofen and principally intended for exportation. 
 
THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 2 05 
 
 Gustafson’s. We also see some specimens of Swedish ar¬ 
 tillery ; a rifle cannon by Wrede’s system, a cast-iron rifled 
 cannon bound with steel, by Ekmon, and a small rifled 
 breech-loading cannon, by Engstroem’s system. 
 
 As regards manufactures in general, the three countries 
 we are now describing do not offer anything worth noting, 
 if we except some fine porcelain from Godenius, of Stock¬ 
 
 holm, which show real progress in the ceramic art, and some 
 beautiful jewels, by Christesen, of Copenhagen ; the rest are 
 not perfect enough to call for admiration, nor sufficiently 
 original to create interest. 
 
 The great attraction of the Swedish exhibition is the series 
 of popular costumes, which are not only perfectly correct, 
 but which are worn by figures of life-like expression en¬ 
 gaged in all sorts of occupations. In fact, by passing the 
 whole of the groups in review, you can build a little story 
 illustrating Swedish manners and customs. 
 
 Here is first a young maid with blue eyes, fair hair and 
 rosy cheeks mowing hay in a field; she is lightly clad, for 
 
220 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 clutching the map of Europe which it still attempts to retain 
 in its grasp. It is impossible to give more expression to a 
 cold piece of stone. This splendid work has been purchased 
 by the French Government to be placed in one of the National 
 Museums. 
 
 Christopher Columbus, by the same artist, is also a grand 
 composition. The hardy navigator is presenting America to 
 Europe, under the shape of a young woman with a wild and 
 astonished look. 
 
 The prolific Magni, of Milan, presents us with no less than 
 nine statues and statuettes. Besides his Reading Girl , which 
 was one of the gems of the Exhibition in 1862, we notice his 
 Sapho , Socrates , and Beatrix which are all worthy of the 
 artist’s reputation. 
 
 Miglioretti’s Charlotte Cor day is eminently dramatic ; one can 
 read on her features the struggle which is taking place be¬ 
 tween her sullen resolution to accomplish her vengeance, 
 and her despair in thinking of the fate which awaits her. 
 
 We also like the fierce expression of Pandiani’s Camilla , 
 who is advancing, sword in hand ; and, as a contrast, the 
 happy quietude displayed in The sleep of Innocence , by Ar- 
 genti, of Milan. 
 
 Besides those we have mentioned, the most remarkable 
 statues in this highly interesting gallery are : Agar holding a 
 cup of water to the parched lips of her child, by Norchi ; 
 Tantardini’s Vanite; Pandiani’s Eve; Tabacchi’s Ugo Foscolo , 
 and a magnificent group of St. George conquering Lucifer. 
 
 The colossal statue of David preparmg to meet Goliath is 
 more remarkable for its size than for its execution ; one can 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF 
 
 3 2 4 
 
 ornaments of beetle-wings, and a variety of fancy articles 
 such as work-baskets, letter-boxes, cigar-cases, &c., made 
 by the Indians from native reeds and fibres. 
 
 But three of the British North American Colonies put in an 
 appearance; Newfoundland, Nova-Scotia, and Canada; Prince 
 Edward’s Island, New Brunswick, Vancouver, and British 
 Columbia are not represented. 
 
 Newfoundland sends some specimens of Its mineral 
 products which, according to competent authorities, only 
 require the application of capital and enterprise to rank among 
 its chief resources. It has, however, principally depended 
 hitherto on its cod and seal fisheries, which yield an annual 
 revenue of about one million sterling. 
 
 Its neighbour, Nova-Scotia, has always figured well in all 
 International Exhibitions, and the extensive and well arranged 
 display it makes here is likely to add to its laurels. The 
 chief product of this province is coal, which it largely sup¬ 
 plies to the Northern parts of the United States, and of 
 which' no less than 651,256 tons, worth about .£400,000, 
 were extracted in 1865. A pillar, some forty feet in height, 
 erected in the Park, gives some idea of the immense depths of 
 its coal seams. There are thirty collieries in operation, and 
 in addition to the vast territory of the General Mining Asso¬ 
 ciation, 31 square miles of country are under coal mining 
 leases, and 1,920 square miles under license to explore. 
 
 It was only at the close of 1860 that gold was discovered 
 in Nova-Scotia, and, in the course of five years, the yield of 
 the precious metal had already amounted to £ 140,000. 
 There is every prospect of this return being largely increased 
 in future years, for the band of metamorphic rock which