JOURNAL OF TRAVELS I }4M>B THUOVGH THE PRINCIPAL CITIES 1 ^ EUROPE. If' U R N A L O F TRAVELS MADE THR.OVGH THE PRINCIPAL C ' O F EURO W H E R EJ . 'J'he TIME employed in Going frdJl^T to POST is marked in HOURS and MINUTES ;„^^STANCES in ENGLISH MILES, meafured by Means oT^erambuktof faftened to the Chaife; PRODUCE of the DIFFERENT COUNTRIES; POPULATION of the TOWNS; and REMARKABLE CURIOSITIES in the CITIES and the ROADS: ( i^T O G EjT H E R WITH AN ACCbf*^|Ot THE BEST INNS, &c. TO WI^ICH IS SUBJOINED, A COMPARATIVE VIEW of the DIFFERENT MONIES, and that of ITINERARY and LINEAL MEASURES, as well as the PRICE of POST-HORSES in DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF M. L. D U T E N S, Jyfember of the Royal Academy of Infcriptions and Belles Lettres at Paris, and Fellow of the Rcyal Society, London, 3y JOHN HIGHMORE, Gent. TO WHICH IS ADDED, An APPENDIX: CONTAINING THE ROADS of ITALY; With fome USEFUL TABLES and HINTS to STRANGERS who TRAVEL in FRANCE. LONDON: !Plinted for J* Wallis, No. i6, Ludgate-Street. MjDC?,LXXXIL \1f.9- ADVERTISEMENT. WE have riiany books of Travels ; but there are few which contain thofe particulars, a Traveller is moft likely to ftaild in'need of, to advance him on his way. In the journics I have taken through different parts of Europe, I have had the precaution to make fome remarks of fadrs, which may prove very ufeful tofuch as may have occafion to make the fame tour. The Tables, placed at the beginning of this Journal, will be found very necclfary ; and I can with truth advance^ that they are the moft corredt of any now extant, or that have hitherto ap- peared, of the kind ; for it is certain that on thofe Tables of Accounts of itinerary and lineal meafures of Europe hitherto publifncd, little dependancc can be made. All the meafures heregivenj^ have been taken on the fpot* The itinerary meafures are compared, by the means of a perambulator affixed to an Englilh poft-chaife^ with which the principal roads in Europe were mea- fured, in Englifli miles ; and the other itinerary mea- fures of Europe, may be reduced into Englilh miles by the Table of comparative meafures. At ADVERTISEMENT. it has been alfo thought fit, to give another method of knowing the diftances, by the time taken up on the way ; which is ftill more ufeful than any other mode of computing, for the fame diftances are not always run in an equal fpace of time in all coun- tries ; and it is more neceflary, on fetting out in the morning, to know how many hours are requifite to arrive at a certain place, than to bf informed of the flatcd diflances : by this means we are induced to order things fo as to fet out fooner or later, as may be thought moft convenient *. Thofe who may not follow in the fame route which I have done, will pay attention to the difference that will occur in afcending and defcending, according to the nature of the roads. On the way from Toulon to Nice, for example, I have allowed two hours and an half to go from Frejus to Eftrelles,and one hour and twenty minutes only from Eftrelles to La Napoule ; but it is clear that thofe who go the fame way in coming from Nice to Toulon, will, on the contrary, be more tiian two hours going from La Napoule to Eftrelles (which I have gone in one hour and twenty mi- nutes), and will probably not be an hour and an half in going from Eftrelles to Frejus (becaufe they will have to defcend the hill), whilft I have been two * It *is neceflary to remark, that in reckoning the time taken vp on the road, no notice is taken of the time employed in changing poft-horfes, becaufe that cannot be indifcfimmately the fame with all travellers. ^ Thofe who travel with a fingle chaife, have occauon tor no mere than four or five horfes, and need only flop about five mi- nutes at the poft-houfe, while thofe who have a more n\imerous equipage, muft wait fifteen or twenty minutes. „. hours Advertisement. iii hours and an half in afcendhig it. As I have taken care to remark the afped of the different eountriesj or the remarkable mountains, every one may very eafily draw their own conclufions : befides this> the diitance is always given, which will amount to the fame thing throughout the whole journey. Thofe who follow the fame route which I have done, need only caft their ej^e over this Journal, to under- ftand all they can have occafion for. .1 have alfo been careful to defcribe all the Rivers which muft be palled over in boats, having frequent- ly^ experienced how difagreeable, and fometimes dangerous, it is, to fet out at fun-fet in order to make one poft more; and to find, when the evening Ihuts in, a rapid flood to crofs, in a ferry with carriages and horfes,^fometiijnes at the hazard of life; particularly when it happens that the rivers are overflowed, which has often occurred to me ; whereas^ when we are well informed of the route, we may refl a poft or two diflance from the river, and defer the paflTage over till the next day. The good and bad inns are alio particularised, not only in great cities, but in towns and villages. Be- fides thofe which I have marked, from having lodged at them, I have noted with an allerifk (*) thofe places at which the traveller may hope to find a lodging, where he cannot, or does not choofe to follow in the road which is here chalked out. Sometimes good mns in a few years become bad, and the bad ones, on the contrary, become better, from the fole caufeof changing their landlords, Vv^henthis may ^ ^ happen w A D V E R f 1 S E M £ N T. happen to be the cafe, it would be unjuft to impute it to me as a fault, or a want of precifion in my ac» count of them ; and this part of my Journal will, not- withftanding, prove equally ufeful in general. Befides, thcfe changes feldom happen ; becaufe when once thofe houfes are eftabliflied as inns, and well fup~ plied, they will fupport themfelves a long time on an equal footing of giving good reception to their guefts, altho' they may have changed their mafters. It is the fame thing in changing poft-houfes in France ; if they do not always correfpond with the account here given, I muft not be accufed of inaccuracy. The Poft-mafters often obtain permiflion to make an augmentation of an half poft, which may occafion the difference that will fometimes occur ; but it proves ftill more the necefiity of knowing the de- terminate diftance of the road by admeafurement. I have given a fhort account of the moft remark- able curiofities to be feen in the different cities thro' which the traveller'pafTes, and in thofe where it is ufual for him to flop. This part fhould be confi- dered as an Abflrad:, or rather an Index. But it v.'ill be eafy for the curious to provide themfelves with more particular defcriptions of the country they intend to vifit ; or they may be had upon the fpot. There are few towns of any note where a plan and a defcription, more or lefs voluminous, are not to be found, in works compiled for that purpofe, or in almanacks, or in the margin of the plans of the towns themfelves. The ADVERTISEMENT. v The firft thing to be done on arriving at any great town is to fend for a plan, the defcription of it, and an almanack. This may amufe while fupper is pre- paring, and on the morrow you are acquainted with what you have to do, and may difpofe of your time without being obliged to putyourfelf entirely under the dired:ion of an hired fervant. By this means you may alfo make a good collection of charts, by pur- chafing in each province the beft map of the environs of the capital, and one of the province on the largeft fcale. They will prove an amufement on the road, and you will find in them the names of rivers and mountains, which the poftillions feldom know; the fituation of places clearly pointed out, &c. &c. All this takes up but little room at the botton? of a trunk ; and when you return from your travels, you will find that you have made a much better col:- lediion of maps of the countries thro' which you have palTed, than you could have done in Paris or in London. This is all I could connectedly put together for the ufe of travellers, happy if I can prove my- felf ferviceable to them. That this Itinerary is not more extenfive, is owing to my having tra- velled no further; and that I would -not fpeak but cf what I had actually feen. N E C E S- ( vi ) NECESSARY PRECAUTION TO THOSE WHO TRAVEL WITH A RETINUE. npHE experience I have had of the inconveniences that follow from a carriage overloaded, in a long journe)^, induces me to make fome obferva- tions, which may not be altogether ufelefs. People are apt to think it moft convenient to travel in a Berlin well loaded before knd behind, and on the top ; becaufe every thing goes with them, boxes, bedding, clothes, &c.; but in this they deceive themfelves. It follows that they travel much flower* which is an Indifpenfable obligation to add morehorfes : It encreafes the difficulty of afcending anddefcending, in mountainous countries ; and the neceflity of adding horfes much oftener,which ferves after allbut toretard: and it hazards alfo thefnapping or draining of fprings, and the dangers incurred by one or other of thefe caufcs. Inflead of this, fet out with a light coach arid a two-wheeled caravan which carries ail your bag- gage ; you need then only put four horfes to your coach in lieu of fix, and the two furplus horfes will draw the caravan. By this means you travel fafler, and more commodioufly ; without anxiety, and withoutd'anger; and your coach is always an agreeable carriage in the towns you come to, where you will find nothing b'Jt execrable carriages for hire, ADVER,. ( vii ) ADVERTISEMENT NEW EDITION. H E pains which I took with the Firfl Edi- A tion of this work, have rendered future cor- redtions almoft unneceflary ; except, that in fome of the roads of France, I have found the arrange- ment of the polls altered, which, it feems, will fometimes happen. This is a ftrong proof of the neceflity of a Vade Mecum with determinate mea- fures, hours, and minutes, which can be fubjed: only to few variations. I Ihould forewarn the Reader, that in a fpurious Itinerary printed at Liege, the article of that city is not written by me ; otherwife it might be thought ftrange, that having omitted to give an account of the different 'Governments and Sovereigns of Europe, I Ihould be particularly lavilh in the praife of this State, which prefents us with nothing more worthy of this diftindtion, than twenty others, of which I have faid nothing remarkable. TO THIS a 4 I very ft'ii-i A D V E R T I S E M E N T, &c. I very much regret that I could not fubjoin fome advice for travelling in Spain : twice I fet out from London to make that tour, and twice I was prevented by obftacles unforefeen, Fortunately, however, I can now fill up this void ; and I am indebted, for the nieans,to the politenefs of M.De Voglie, In{pedtor- General of the Bridges and Highways of France, who has kindly coipmunicate^ to me the obferva- tions which he made in his travels through Spain in 1775, Not having a Perambulator to meafure the diftances, M. De Voglie calculates them by the manner of going, which fuffices in a country where they do not travel poft with an equipage. Befides, we are fufiiciently recompenfed for the want of it, by the ufeful and folid remarks with which this in- telligent obferver accompanies the recital of what he has feen, in a country of which we hav^ fo f^w good accounts. DIF- ( ) DIFFERENT TABLES. AS it is neceffary to make a particular Table of tlie Meafures and Monies, and to give them fome comparative term, it has been thought better to compare them with the Meafures and Money of England than of other countries, be- caufe the Engliih travel more than any other Nation ; and other travellers Will find equal con yepience in thefe Tables, c A C OU- ( X ) A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE LINEAL MEASURES of DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, I N INCHES and DECIMALS of ENGLAND. Countries Feet Yards Ells Toifes Vars Palms Braces Canes Ras London 1 2,00 36,00 45>C)C 7^>oo Edinburgh 13,06 Paris ii,79 46,78 76,74 Rhiiieland 12,36 Amfterdam 11,17 z6>8o Madrid Madrid Seville — — _ "' ■'■ 23>50 Turin 20, 17 Genoa 145OO Silk, V/ioin } or Linnen 9,60 9,80 07,00 Venice Silk Cloth or Linnen 25:30 27,00 Florence Silk Cloth or Linnen 22,80 22,61 Rome Archit- March- "sTtT 9>79 34>27 78,00 Naples 10,31 82,90 Milan Archit. Silk Cloth 23,60 20,70 26,20 Bologna 15,00 24,50 Parma 26,90 Pl^centia 26,90 Paris London. London Paris Feet I Inch I Line i "eet 1,06583 I^nches 1,06583 Inches 0,08882 Feet I Inch I Inch 0,1 Feet Inches Lines 0 11 3 0 0 III 0 if ( « ) A N ACCOUNT OF THE MEASURES of PARIS and of LONDON, _ / THE foot fquare of Paris is to the fquare foot of London as 17,040 to 15 ; fo that 1 5 feet fquare of Paris, is equal to about 1 7 fquare feet of London. The Arpent of Paris, is 100 perches fquare of 18 feet each, lineal meafure, which make 324 fquare feet; thefc multiplied by 100, make 32,400 fquare feet (or 36,720 Englilh fquare feet) the arpent ; — but according to the royal meafure, a perch is 22 feet, lineal meafure, and confequently 484 feet fquare, which, multiplied by 100, make 48,400 fquare feet, of Paris (or 54853,36 decimal Englilh fquare feet). From whence it refults, that this laft arpent is z trifle more than an acre and a quarter Englifh. A C- ( xii ) ACCOUNT O F ITINERARY MEASURES. ENGLAND. THE Englilh mile is 1760 yards, or 825 toifes of France. The yard is three feet Englilh. FRANCE. The fmall league of France is 2090 "J The common league - 245oMoIfes» The great league - - 28533 The toife of France is 76^ Englifli inches ; if thefe are multiplied by 2450 toifes, which make a com- mon league of France, it will give 15670 feet 9 inches Englifli, or 5223 yards 9 inches ; from whence it refuks, that the fmall league of France is 57 yards 9 inches longer, than 3 miles Englifh, which make 5280 yards. Three miles Englilh make 2475 toifes, or 25 toiies more than the fmall league of France. M.d'Anville computes theEnglifli mile at 826 toifes of France ; but in admitting the accounts of French and Englifli feet,which are calculated to the greateft nicety in the preceding table, we muft allow 825 toifes of France to the Englifli mile, PIED, ACCOUNT OF ITINERARY MEASURES, xia PIEDMONT. The mile of Piedmont is 800 trahucchi. The trabucco is 6 feet of Piedmont. The foot of Piedmont is ^^^^^^ Engbfh. From whence it refults,- that the mile ot Pied- mont is 2688 yards 10 inches Engiilh, or a mile and an half Engliftiand48 yards 10 inches. GENOA. The mile of Genoa is nearly about the fame as that of Piedmont. PARMA. On entering the States of Parma they begin to reckon by Italian miles, which are meafured with a chain, and are exadly 61 yards and one foot longer than the Engiilh mile. BOLOGNA and FLORENCE. The new road from Bologna to Florence has been meafured by a Bolognefe with a perambulator; and from the beft information, I find that the mile of Tufcany, of 1000 geometric paces, is reckoned equal to 5000 French feet ; but, from an exatt mea- fure which I faw taken with an accurate Enghlli perambulator, the mile of Tufcany is 85.S tciles 2 feet, of France. ROME. The Roman mile is nearly the fame with that jUiO: mentioned, which is the Italian mile; and withm a trifle the fame as the ancient Roman mile. I mea- fured 6 on the road from Radicofani to Rome, and I found that the prefent Roman mile is 50 toifes fliorter than the Engiilh mile; about 775 toiies of France. N A P L E S. XIV ACCODNT OF ITINERARY MEASURES. NAPLES. The Neapolitan mile is 7000 palms of Naples ; the palm is 10 inches 31. dec. Englilh, which makes the mile of Naples 109 1 toifes of France, or 166 toifes longer than the Engliflimile; a mile of Naples is about li- Roman mile. GERMANY. The German mile is 3804 toifes of France, ac- cording to M. TAbbe Chape. The Germans compute fifteen miles to a degree of latitude. I have found it to be fomething kfs than 5 miles lEnglifli. R U S S I A. The verji of Ruffia is 500 fazen (toifes), each com- - pofed of 3 ells of Ruffia, or 7 feet Englifh ; it is nearly equivalent to two-thirds of an Englifh mile, or 547 toifes of France. They reckon 7 verJfts for a German rnile. SPAIN. ^ The common league is 4 miles Engiilh, which, is the meafured league of the environs of Madrid. The migeros 3 or mile, is 716 toifes of France. ^A N ( XV ) A N ACCOUNT OF THE MONEY of DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, ENGLISH and FRENCH -MONEY. FORTY-FOUR guineas and an half, weigh onfc pound of gold, of which il parts are of pure gold, and one of alloy. A guinea contains ii8 grains and 651 decimals of pure gold, without alloy. But a louis d'or only contains 113 grains 27 de- cimals EngliHi of pure gold, without alloy. The grains of Fiance are to thofe of England, as 121.78 decimals to 100. A new guinea yields 24 livres 12 ibis at Paris, with thofe who pur chafe in order to melt them down. An Engllfh crown contahis 409 grains 94 deci- mals of pure filver, without alloy. The llandard of the filver money of France is 261 grains of pure filver with 27 of alloy ; and that of plate, 274 of pure lilver with 14 of alloy ; but the ftandard of Englifti money is the fame as of plate. This mode of forming a comparative view of Monies is the moft exadt, and I wilh I could do the fame by thofe of every other countrjr • but I have not always found it pradiicable to have alTays made • with xvl AN ACCOUNT OP THE MONIES OF with due precifion : however, a comparifon of the current monies muft not be omitted. The pound fterling is worth about 23 livres 7 fols of France, and fometimes more, according to the courfe of exchange. A guinea of weight, is worth 24 livres 11 fols to thofe who buy to melt down. A Ihilling is worth 25 fols. The livre tournois of France is worth ten'pence halfpenny fterling. Thelouis d'or is not quite worth a guinea. The bankers and innkeepers of Calais readily give louis dors for guineas ; but at Dover they will not give guineas for louis d'ors, without a compen- fation. T U R I N. The' pound fterling is intrinfically worth 20 livres of Piedmont ; but it is rarely that the exchange is not againft London, and then it produces only 19 livres 5 fols, or 19 livres 10 fols, the pound fterling. The louis d'or is worth 20 livres 5 fols. The fcquin of Florence is woijth 9 livres 10 fols. The gold piftole of Piedmont is worth 24 livres. And in filver, they have pieces of 6, of 3, and of I livre ID fols. The 4th of July 1769, the courfe of exchange fell to 18 livres 14 fols, a circumftance which had not oc- curred for ten years paft ; fo that for 200]. fterling, I received but 3740 livres of Piedmont, the com- miffion deduded. In Nov. 1777, the exchange was at 19 livres 7 fols, and lool. fterling produced 1935 livres ; but in June 1778, it was at 20 livres. GENOA. The pound fterling is worth 28 livres of Genoa. The fequin of Florence is 13 livres i,o fols of DIFFERENT COUKTRIESi xvii The louis d'or of France is worth 29L 4s. of Genoa^ A piaftre, or Spanilli dollar, is current for 6 livres 10 fols. As I would not make mention but of what I have feen, I would be underftood to fpeak only of the monies current in the years 1769, 70, and 71, and cannot pretend to anfwer for the changes that may have fince happened. PARMA. The livre of P^rma is worth 5 baiocchi, or ibldi, fols. A paolo is fomewhat lefs than 6 pence Englifh, 12 fols of France. The fequin of Florence is worth 20 paoliof Parma, or 44 livres of Parma. The louis d'or of France is current for 97 livres of Parma, fo that it is profitable to carry louis d'ors to change them for Roman fequins. In 1777 I had iiofequins for 50 louisd'ors* M O D E N Ai The livre of Modena is worth 6 baiocchi or fold!. A paolo is worth 10 baiocchi of Rome. ARomaafcudi or crown iis worth 10 paoli. A Roman fequin is worth 19 paoli and an halfi A fequin of Florence is worth 20 paoli. It is proper to obfcrve the difference in Value of the fequins of Rome, Florence, and Venice, in the different towns through which the traveller paffes, that he iliay fupply himfelf with fuch money as may be current to the belt advantage. b xviil AN ACCOUNT OF THE MONIES OF BOLOGNA, The livre of Bologna is worth 2 paoli. The Roman fequin is worth 20 paoli and an- half. That of Florence is worth only 20. FLORENCE. The livre of Florence is w^orth a paolo and an half. The feqnin of Florence is worth 20 paoli. The feqnin of Rome is worth 19 paoli and an half. • According to the current exchange of the 19th of October, 1760, lool. fterling, drawn upon Lon- don, produced 201 fequins 18 paoli of Rome • and on the rSth of November 1777, ^^^t^<^ fum pro- duced 205 fequins 15 paoli of Rome. ROME. The Roman crown is worth 10 paoli; the paolo 10 balocchi. The fequin of Rome is worth 20 paoli and an half. The fequin of Florence is worth 20^ paoli of exchange ; but is current only ior 20 paoli and an half. The fequin of Venice is worth 20 paoli. The onza of Naples is worth 24 paoli. There is no exchange at Rome but with Paris and Amfterdam. The louis d'or paffes for 45 paoli, fometimes for only 44. The guineas only pafs for 42 or 43 paoli. In drawing upon London, the pound iterling is worth 42 paoli. The DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. xix The firft of December, 1768, a bill of exchange of 200I. fterling produced 840 Roman crowns, without reckoning the commiffion ; but the i6th of April, 1778, I had 203-^- new Roman fequins for lool. fterling. At Rome they keep their accounts in fcudi (crowns) and baiocchi. NAPLES. A carlino is 10 grains or 47 pence Englilli; a grain is fomevvhat lefs than a halfpenny. An onza is worth 30 carlini of Naples, or 25 paoU of Rome 3 ducats of Naples. 7 bnzas are nearly equal to 4I. fterling* Six carlini of Naples are worth 5 paoli of Rome ; 4^ .cajlini are worth one ftiilling and eight-pence farthing ; 5 onzas are worth 6 fequins. One ducat of filver is 10 carlini, 3 fliillings and 9 pence Englifh. A Roman crown palTes for 127 carlini* A fcquin is worth 257 carlinL One pound fterling is w^orth 52 carlini, or 2 fequins and 2 carlini. Thtvexchange with London the 24th of February, 1769, was a ducat or 10 cailini for 45 pence Engiilh. VENICE* The Roman fequin is wor'-h 21 livres of Venice. That of Florence is worth 21 and a half. The fequm of Venice is worth 22 livres of Venice* A iilippo is worth 1 1 livres : half a fequin* A ftlver ducat is worth 8 livres. MILAN. XX AN ACCOUNT OF THE MONIES OF MILAN. There arc two modes of reckoning at Milan ; the One, which is called bank-money (moneta di banco), which is applied to bills and letters of ex- change ; the other, which is called ahufive currency, a name given to all money employed in making purchafes of any kind whatever. All the currencies which pafs at Milan, are worth more or lefs ac- cording to thefe two modes of reckoning. Thirty livres bank-money, are worth 32 livres abujive currency. The fequin of Florence is worth 14 livres 10 fols bank-money, and 17 livres 10 fols abufive currency^ The fequin of Venice, the fame. The fequin of Rome is worth 14 livres 4 fols bank-money, and 20 livres 10 fols abufive currency, fometimes 21 livres. The gold piftole of Piedmont is worth 45 livres of Milan abufive currency, GENEVA. A gold piftole is 10 livres of Geneva. A livre of Geneva is worth 2 pieces of 10 fols. There is no piece of money of % livre value. The French crown of 6 livres, is 3 livres 12^ fols of Geneva. A livre of France is 12 fols current money of Geneva. A louis d'or pafTes for 14 livres 10 fols of Geneva. The exchange of Geneva with London is from 527 to 56 pence Englifli, for 3 livres current of Geneva. S WIT- DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. xxv SWITZERLAND. They reckon by livres or francs. A livre is worth 10 batz, or 30 fols of France. The ducat of gold of Berne is worth 72 batz, or JO livres 16 fols of France. The crown of 6 livres of France is worth 4 livres of Berne. ^ c Seven batz and an half are 22 fols and an halt ot France. A batz is 3 fols ; 20 batz, a crown. GERMANY. All the Princes of the Empire who coin money, are obliged to conform to the ftandard and title of the fpecie eftablilhed by the Diet to be current in the Empire. They keep their accounts in rixdollars, florins, and creutzers. The rixdollar of Vienna is a florin and an half ; the florin is worth 60 creutzers ; the creutzer is equal to 4 fenins ; three creutzers make a groat. This mode of reckoning is ufed in all the States of the Houfeof Auflria, in Bohemia, Swabia, Franconia, all along the Rhine and the Danube ; but they reckon differently at Drefden and Berlin, which will be ie- parately fpecified. The louis d'or is the beft money to travel with in Germany ; it paflTes current for 1 1 florins to Augfl^urg ; but in the States of the Houfe of Auflria it only paffes for 9 florins. In the Auftrian countries, the gold money i? in fovereigns and demi-fovereigns ; of 1 2 florins 40 creutzers, and 6 florins 20 creutzers. The ducat of Holland is worth 4 florins and 14 creutzers. The ducats of Cremnitz, thofe of Florence, and of Venice, are worth 4 florins and 14 creutzers ; but b 3 ti^e Jfxii AN ACCOUNT OF THE MONIES, OF the imperial ducat, and thofe of Bavaria and Saltz- burg, are worth 4 florins and 1 6 creutzers. The 1 6th of May 1770, for lool. (lerling I re- ceived 833 florins, and befides paid 2I. Iterling for commiffion, &c. The money had not quite the value which I have here Ipecified in the Auftrian countries, when I was at Vienna ; but the Emprcfs raifed it, by an edid:, in the month of March 1771, to the value here mentioned. DRESDEN. The ducat of Saxony is worth 2 crowns 20 gros, or 4^- florins. The ducat of Cremnitz, the fequins of Holland and Florence, are current for the lame value. The florin is divided into 16 gros. The 20th of March, 1 771, for 1 50I. flerling which I drew upon London, I received 300 ducats, of which I paid 6 for commiffion, BERLIN, The ducats of Holland, of Saxony, &c, are worth 3 crowns;— the crown is worth 24 gros ; — the florin pafles for 16 gros; the gros is current for 12 fenins, The louis d'or is worth 5 crowns : there is an agio upon the louis d'or. The beginning of April 1771, for I col. flerling I received 200 ducars, of which I paid 8 for commifiion, &c. becaufe I had no other letters of credit than thofe of Vienna, and a com- miffion was due to the banker of Vienna and the tianker of London, BRUN t>IFFSRENT COUNTRIES. BRUNSWICK and HANOVER. The ducats of Auftria, of the Empire, and of Holland, are worth 2 crowns 16 gros ; the crown is 24 gros ; the florin 1 6 gros. COLOGNE. A cordon ducat of Holland is worth 5^ florins, or 3 rixdoUars and an half. The ducat of the Empire is worth 37 rixdol- lars. The crown of France is worth i rixdollar |. The carolin, or louis d'or of France, is worth 7 rixdollars ^. The fovereign of Auftria is worth 10 rixdollars. The florin pafles for 39 ftubers, or fols. The 26th of April 1771, for lool. fterling I had 201 ducats of Holland, commiflion paid. HOLLAND. The ducat of Holland is worth 5 florins 5 fols. The florin pafles for 20 fols, and is worth about I fhilling and 8 pence Englifli. There are filver florins, and other pieces of 28 fols, of 6 and of 5t fols, and gold pieces of 7 and of 14 florins. The. 13th of May 1771, for icol. fterlingT re- ceived "1070 florins, upon which the commifiion was paid. BRA- jftciv AN ACCOUNT OF THE MONIES OF BRABANT. The ducat of Holland is worth 6 florins, or 1 7 efcalins and i fol. The florin is worth 20 fols; The efcalin, 7 fols ; and The plaquet, 3 -j fols, or half an efcalin. The double fovereign of Auflria is worth 1 7 florins 1 7 fols, The louis d'or is worth 37 efcalins 2 fols and 4der niers, or 13 florins i fol and 4 deniers, Six louis d'ors make 1 3| ducats. The crown is worth 9 efcalins, or 3 florins 3 fols? LIEGE and SPA, ■ The louis d'or is worth 39 efcalins. The guinea, the fame, The efcalin is 10 fols of Liege, about 6 pence Englifli. Two efcalins make one florin. The double fovereign of Auflria is worth 53 efcalins. The louis d'or, or the guinea, turns to the bell ac- count at thefe places. MADRID. 34 maravedis are worth a rial of Vellon, or 5 fols of France. 68 niaravedis are worth one rial of Plata, or id fols. A pilar piaftre pafles for 5 livres of France, with ao Fi;ils of Vellon, or jo ^ials of Plata, They are divided DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. xxv diviided into halves, quarters, and eighths, of a piaftre (or dollar). A piezetta is 20 fols, efFedtive money of France. A demi-piezetta, 10 fols.. A quarto, 2 liards. An ochavo, i Hard. An efcudico, a gold piece of 5 livres of France. A quadruple, a gold piece efFejftive money, is worth 75 livres of France; it is fubdivided evea into l6ths in efFedtive money. Rial of Plata, 10 fols of France, Rial of Veilon, 5 fbls. THE jcxti THE PRICE OB POST.HORSES IN THE T H E PRICE of P O S T-H 0 R S E S IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES of EUROPE. ENGLAND. OR two chaife-horfes, 9 pence fterling per mile. For four chaife-horfes, 1 5 pence fterling per mile. For a faddle-horfe, 3 pence per mile, except on the roads from Dover to London, and from London to Bath, where it is i fliilling per mile for two, and 18 pence per mile for four, horfes. Each poftillion is paid 18 pence or 2 lliillings, and 6 pence to the ofller *. FRANCE. Ever}'- chaife-horfe or faddle-horfe is 25 fols, and at the beginning of this book, will be found every regulation relative to the number of horfes necelfary to be put to the carriages. The poft-mafters and poftillions find the Englifti poft-chaife of fuch eafy conveyance, that they prefer giving three horfes abreaft, to allowing four horfes for a four-wheeled * Thefe prices were paid before the late additional duty on poft-horfes. Translator. or DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE. or other French chaife, as I experienced with my Englilh poft-chaife. Deffein, at Calais, obliges you to pay for four horfes ; but he is the only one upon the road who makes that difficulty. Each poftillion has 15 or 20 fols per poiu ITALY. There are two methods of cravelling poft in Ital\ . The ufual one is dearer m the States of I^ornbardy (as m Piedmont, the Milanefe, and the Venetian StAtes) than in any other parts of Italy ; on account of which in thefe States they allow tra- vellers lO^ take poft-horfes at a iefs price than is eftabliilied by the ordinary poft, but with fbme re- ftriCtions ; as not to oblige the poftillion to gallop his horfe, and not to travel after fun-fet, without paying the full price of the whole poll : this is called travelling in car.ibiatura, which is eaiily obtained at fetting out from the capital of thefe States ; but if this permiffion is wanted on entering the country, it is proper to procure it beforehand ; and a billet may be had of a banker from the laft town you fet out from. PIEDMONT. It was formerly the cuftom in Piedmont to travel in camhiatura ; but it has been fince abolifhed, and the poft price has been reduced, as follows : For a four-wheel change drawn by three horfes, 6 livres. For a four-wheel chaife drawn by four horfes, 8 livres. For two chaife-horfes, 4 livres 10 fols. For a Taddle-horfe, 2 livres. ■ A coach for four places is drawn by four horfes, and pays 9 livres, and fo in proportion for fix horfes pr more. They give the pi^ftillions about 30 fols each. GENOA. Hi THE PRICE OF POST-HORSES IN THE GENOA. For two chaife-horfes, 9 livres of Genoa") ^ For one faddle-horfe, 3 livres of Genoa ^ STATES of PARMA and PLACENTIA. For two chaife-horfes, 15 paoli ? For a faddle-horfe, 5 paoli y ^ The firft poll, and the following polls, 5 paoli per horfe. M O D E N A. In the States of Modena the ordonnance was for- merly 15 paoli for two horfes, and the cambiaiura wasreadily granted for 10 paoli; but this ancient rule is now no longer in force, and they pay in travelling poft 5 paoli per chaife-horfe and faddle-horfe. TUSCANY, For ^wo chaife-horfes, 8 paoli? For one faddle-horfe, 3 paoli y ^ The ESTATES of the CHURCH. For two chaife-horfes, 8 paoli? j. For one faddle-rhorfe, 3 paoli y ^ The NEAPOLITAN STATES. For two chaife-horfes, 11 carlini| For one faddle-horfe, 5^- carliniy ^ The DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE. »dx The STATES of VENICE. A hiUct to travel in camhtatiira may be eafily had by writing to Venice, from the laft town you fet out from, to convey you thither* and you then pay only 5t livres per horfe for faddle or chaife. The MILANESE. ' For two chaife-horfes, 8 livres 1 1\ fols, ^ or half a fequin >per poll, A faddle-horfe, 4 livres _ ) Formerly they travelled in camUatura ; but this is fupprefled, and the poft-price is now reduced. GENEVA and SWITZERLAND. There is no poft in Switzerland ; horfes are hired from a carrier, and you make the belt agreement with him that you can. To go from Geneva to Bafle with three pair of chaife-horfes and one faddle-horfe, I gave 1 5 iouis d'ors ; eight louis d'ors to Berne, and feven to Bafle. SAVOY. There is a poft in Savoy, but it is feldom made ufe of ; the nature of the roads not permitting poft- horfes to travel fafter than the carriers horfes, ex- cepting for two-wheel and other light carriages. It is better to agree wath the carriers. G E R XXX THE PRICE OF POST-HORSES IN THE GERMANY. The pofts are well regulated for the price in Germany ; a florin per poit for each horfe, except in the States of the Emprefs-Queen, v/hcrc it is only florin. H O L L A N D. You travel poll to Ereda ; there you find no more poft-horfes ; and take horfes of the carrier. I gave 36 florins from Breda to Gore urn for feven horfes, and 3; florins per horfe from Gorcum to Utrecht; the reft in proportion. In Holland they travel very much by water. FLANDERS. In the States of France, the pofl is regulated as in France. In the States of the Emprefs-Queen, they pay ^ German florin per poll for each horfe. PASSAGE of MOUNT CENIS. From Turin to Geneva I gave, in 1770, 28 louis d'ors, for a chaife after the Engliih fafliion with four horfes, a two-wheel chaife with two horfes, a faddle- horfe, chaife carriers fol: the mountain, and as far as Modena ; fubfiftence for two mafters upon the road, and the carriage of the chaife and the baggage to the other fide of Mount Cenis upon mules. . In 1 76 1, I gave only 20 louis dors for the fame journey, upon the fame condition. In DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE, xxxi 111 1777, a coach wirh fix horfes, a chaife with three horfes, four faddle-horfes, fubfiftence for three mafters, conveyance of equipage to Mount Ccnis, &c. &c. coft 70 iouis d'ors. SPAIN. In the courfc of the travels in Spain, at the end of this work, wil) be found the price of mules, caiaflies, and chaifes with two mules. A JOURNAL ■1 * A JOURNAL O F TRAVELS through EUROPE. A JOURNAL OF TRAVELS Edinburgh to London. Edinburgh toBIacklhiels Nortown Greenlaw -'^ Cornhill ^ WooUerhaugh Rymfide-Moor MOR PETH Newcastle PURHAM Darlington Northallerton Boroughbridge Wetherby Ferrybridge Doncafter Barnby-Moor f Scarthen-Moor Newark. Grantham f From Barn- 1 by Moor to > Tuxford 3 Newark. I Head C Turk's I Head Red Lion Talbot C King's I Head I Houfe Sivart Angel iSara- cciis Head George Red Lio}2 Diltance Time in on the Englifh Road. Miles. * h. min. 15 I 40 1 1 39 II I 25 12 r 15 14 I 30 15 2 2C ^5 2 2 14 I 5' »5 H 12 1 2 H 14. Local Observations. 15 2 30 18 2 45 15 2 34 19 3 5 12 I 45 16 2 0 50 o I 51 1 45 2 30 There are few coun- tries in Europe where agriculture has made greater progrefs than in this part of Scotland,, for thefe thirty yearspaft. The County of Nor- thumberland is not fo well cultivated, parti- cularly to the weft. Its chief value is in the coal mines. The County of Dur- ham is one of the moft agreeable and beft cul- tivated in England. The County of York has excellent pafture- ands for horfes. It abounds in corn and pafturage for a great number of cattle, and produces very fine wool. * No account has been taken of the time employed in changing horfes on the road, becaufe it muft al- ways be different with tra- vellers, according to the number of horfes engaged. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 3 REMARKS. They reckon about 55,000 foulsin Edinburgh. Thefituation is extremely vvholefome and pleafant, when the weather is not louring. The caftle would hold out along time againfb an army that was not well ferved with artillery. They have built a new Town, which is regular and pretty. The palace, the cuflora- houfe, and the profped from the caftle, are the moil remarkable objedls in this place. Twenty- two miles from Rymfide-Moor, and 19 from Morpeth, Elfdon ; and 3 miles from thence is Otterburn ; a mountainous country, but they are making very great improvements in it. Newcastle is a very commercial town, and contains about 40,000 fouls. This port furniflies more failors than other any in England. A traveller fliould not negleft to go from Morphth to Aln- wick to fee the caftle of the illuftrious family of the Percys, which the prefent Duke of Northumberland has rebuilt almoft entirely on the old plan, with that magnificence peculiar to himfeif. I have feen the moft fuperb caftles of the firft nobility in Europe, and I have found nothing fo completely noble and magnificent as that of Alnwick. Two miles from Wetherby is the park of Mr. Thompfon ; 7 miles from Wetherby, near Aberforth, is the eftate of Sir Thomas Gafcoyne, Bart ; and between Boroughbridge and Wetherby is that of Lord Galway. From Barn by. Moor you pay go to Tuxford to Sellers', at the Red-Lion ; it is 10 miles, and 14 from thence to Newark. Tuxford has a better inn than Scartlien-Moor. 4 A JOURNAL OF Edinburgh to Pofts. in Englini Time on the Road. London. Miles. To Coltfworth Stamfor d Stilton Bugden Big;;lefwade Stevenage Hatfield George Bell George Sun S which is 24 miles ; but it is only a horie-road. The road to Herry is good and well paved ; the reft of the way is tolerable, except the Iburlaft miles towards Aix> which arc very bad. You jmay ftop at Forges to dine, and bait your horfes. ; A JOURNAL OF From Parts to Lyons and AviGNON. Pofts. Diftanct in Englilh Miles. Time on the Road. Local Observations. From Paris to 7 Villejuif I Fromenteau * Effonne . Ponthierry Chailly FONTAIN- 1 BLEAU (a) 3 * Nemours Glandelle La Crofiere * Fontenay Puy-la Laude * Montargis La Commodite * Nogent Bezards *LaBuiffiere Belair * Briare (r) Ouffon Neuvy La Celle * Cofne Maltaverne Pouiily Meuves j. LaCHAR ite(<^) * Pougues Nevers (e) Magny * St. Pierre le Mpuaier(/) St. Imbert Villeneuve MOULINS {g) Bellay Varennes St. Gerand h. min. 30 57 45 3° »7 36 37 45 40 30 35 35 40 45 5 53 36 45 39 25 35 5 2C 16 59 41 12 27 22 12 10 7 i (a) The Dauphine. (b) The Madelaine A good inn. (^/) The Grand Monarqiie. ( (f) The Poll.houfc. (^) The Lion d'Of. Of the two roads from Paris to Lyons thro' the Bourbonnois and Bur- gundy,that of B urgundy is to be preferred in win- ter, becaufe when the road-way is bad, the paved-way can be made ufe of. The Bourbon- nois-road is level and well paved, and the tra- veller gets on fafter than on any other. He may flop to dine or fleep at any of the places marked in capitals or with an alterifk ; the beft inns are mentioned at the bottom of the page. Corn, woods, mea- dows, line level roads, and paved. Fine roads on the banks of the Loire. Vines, corn, and paf- turage. From Pougues to La Chariteis a fineprofpedt of this lall rovvH. At Pougues are mi- neral waters, which are muchreforted to. A corn country. Here are fine roads on the banks of the Allier, (c) The Chapeau Rouge. e) The Grand Monarcjue. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 19 REMARKS. FoNTAiNEELEAu IS remarkable only for the palace where the King reiides in order to piirfue the pleafures of the chace in a foreft of near 30,000 arpens. Henry III. and Louis XIII. were born there. Briare is a fmali town in France in the Gatihois upon the Loire, remarkable for the canal of communication of the Loire with the Seine, to which the town gives name* There is a plea- fen t walk between the canal and the Loire, LaCharite. This ugly and ill-paved towh is fituated on the Loire, which is croffed by a handfome ftone bridge. Nevers, a con fiderable town, pleafantly fituated on the banks of the Loire> which is croffed by a good bridge. At one extre- mity of the bridge is a confiderable rife, which makes the ap- proach to this city, on the fide of Moulins, very magnificent. MouLiNS, capital of the Bourbonnois. A conliderable trade is carried on there in cutlery. It is fituate upon the Allier, in an agreeable and fertile plain, almoft the center of France. The Houfes of La Chartreux, and of The Vifitation are fine build- ings. In palfing through this city, the tomb of the famous Duke of Montmorency, who was beheaded in the reign of Louis XIII. which is to be feen in the Convent of St. Mary, fliould not be neglefted ; it is one of the finell monuments of fculpture in France. A JOURNAL OF Local Observations. From Pa4^!s to Lyons and A^' 1 G N O N • i 0118. Diftanct in Englifh Miles. Time on the Road. h. min. * La Palice f I c 5 I. 2 , 1:8 J Droiturier C J .J St. Martin 1 d'Elireaux 3 J 5 55 La Pacaudiere I r X 2 I St. Germain J I 2' 6 I 2 I 6 * Roanne {a) -r I 2 7 I 2 •I 12 I'Hdpital r J I * St.Simphorien f I 2 I I e L a Fontaine y I ^ 2 7 I 7 * Tar are (^) T I ^ 2 7 2 Arnas , I '> 7 I 24 La Tour 10 2 J Lyons () Echciles Puits ci'or LVQN (/) (a) AtthePoft- hoi;i"e is a fine garden, (//) The Three Faii'aiis : or, The CHi.-vi.ll lilanc. (,) The Hotel pfthePahiixRoyal. PolKhouie. (e) Pcfl-houie. A good inn. ThePalai? Royal. A gocfi jnn J or. The Ho tel d'Artois, a better, ruede i'ar- ienaj. I i I -I 2 2 2 I 2 2 I I I I 7 1 6 1 9 9 1 1 1 1 2 6 lO 9 10 1 8 5 i 6 6 h. min. I c SS I i6 I 35 I 40 I 30 I 25 I 30 I 5 I 20 I 3 NearlaBaraquegrows. the wine of Chambertinj which is the moft elleem- ed in England. At Nuys and atBeaune are thofe of the growth of Burgundy , the moft efteemed. The loil is rich and fertile. The whole country prefents an agreeable profpeiSl of rich and fer- die plains. From Eclielles to Puits d'or, is a fine profpeft of the Lion- nois, the principality of Dombes, and of the city of I'revQux. From Puits d'or to Lyons is a continuaj defcent. 6o i 50 36 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 25 REMARKS. It is remarkable that tliroughout Burgundy, as in all countries producing vines, the villages and country-houfes abound more than in corn countries, the vineyards being more valuable than arable lands, and confequently the lands are divided among a greater number of proprietors ; befides, that the culture of the vine demands more hands than the culture of corn. Challon, confiderable for its trade in corn and Burgundy wines, which is augmented by being favourably fituated on the Saone. This town ftands in an ;agreeable and fertile plain. It is Urge and well-built, and has a pleafant promenade :^ it is nootherwife remarkable than by being upon the Saone, which divides it from the quarter of St. Laurent. Between St. Albin and Macon, to the eaft. Is Mount Jura, and the mountains of Gex ; and to the fouth Mount d'Or, whicli is three leagues from Lyons. From Villefranche to Echelles, on the other fide the ^aone, is a delightful view of the principality of Dombes, where, among other cbjefts, appears the city of Trevoux, agreeably fituated on the banks of the river, which is obfervable till you have paffed over Plqmt 4'Or, 26 A JOURNAL OF From Paris to Tours. From Paris 1 to la Croix > de Berney 3 Longjumeau Linas 7 Arpajon j Bonne \ Etrechy * Etampe Montdefir Angerviile * Toury Artenay Cercottes Orleans (^) S. Memia Clary Lailly, St. Lauren t- des Eaux Nouant Saint-Diey Blois Choufy Ports. Diftanct in Miles. 4 I 5 I 8 7 I Time on the Road. h. nun. Local Observations. 52 40 10 55 35 45 4'^j The Orleanoisis one lOjofthe fineft countries in 7 France i it abounds in 57 corn, wine, cattle, game, 45 and fifli. A confider.! J J. able trade is carried on - by the Loire to all parts 3 2 of the kingdom. 45 26 26 A pleafant countrv, Hriiing hills, and fmali 48 valleys, along the bank& ' of the Loire, (a) ;The Trois Rois. (/O The Trois Hiripei eiirs : or, The Poft-houfe. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 27 REMARKS. Eftampes is fituate upon the Juitie, which abounds in excellent cray-fifli. In a fecond tour which I made this way, I had a proof of the accuracy of my meafures. I found in I775> that boundaries were placed at the diftance of 1000 toifes from each other from Paris to Orleans ; the 59th is exactly at the Orleans poft, which anfwers precifely to 71 miles Englifh ; my perambulator gave me 711, and the quarter of a mi^e difference arifes from the diftance of my lodging in Paris to the firft boundary. I made the fame remark on the diftance from Orleans to Tours, which was juft the fame, the i i8th boundary being at the poft in Tours, and the 1 19th at the corner of the Mall. The cpnftruftion of the highways in France have coft, one with another, the fum of 48,000 livres for each league of 2400 toifes, which is 20 livres per toife ; that is, fix times as much as they coft in England; where, however, they do not pave their roads, neither do they make them fo fpacious nor of equal depth to what they do in France. Orleans is a fine large trading city. There is a fine mall of 452 toifes in length. About ten years fince they built a handfome bridge, which is not fix feet in declivity *. * The attention of the French government to the conftruftion of bridges is greater than ever. Oneof the fineft bridges lobe Teen isarjNeuilly, near Paris ; but that which dilcovers the greateft abilities, is the bridge atSauinur, 15 leagues diftant from Tours, on account of the fize and depth of the Loire oppofite this town. This bridge is under the direftion of M. de Voglie, Inlpeftor-general of the bridges and highways, to whom the French are indebted for many excellent difcoveries in the art of i>uilding bridges. The bridge on the great arm of the river is compofed of two abutments, of II piers, and 12 elliptic arches, which are of 60 feet diameter each. It jis 852 feet in length, and the whole fuperficies is on a level. It is on a line that traverfes the city, upon which will be conftrufted two other budges on the other two arms of the river, and another bridge now l?uilding A JOURNAL OF From Paris to Tours. To Veuve Hauichantier Amboife Bordes La Friliere Touits {a) Or, 'Ns to y From Or. LEA) Meunf Beaugency [h) *Mer Menard ^LOIS Pofts, Diitanct in Englidi Miles. 35 2 7 3 t 4 L ^ 141 II 5 I 7 i 7 f 5 i Time on the Road. h. mill. I I 22 I d Local Observation's. From Amboife to Chanteloup is 2| miles, jWhich may be travelled ^ poft in 25 minutes. A level corn country, 56 and vineyards. Th« jhighvvay is within a «iiie 50 of th? Lcire. 45 ^5 5 {a) La Galere. A very good inn, {b) A good inn next the Polt- t Thefe yearsfincejtlieront tiom Orleans to Blois has been al- tered for that by Me'" and Menard. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 29 REMARKS. Near Amboifeis Chanteloupe, the magnificenl caftle of the Duke de Choifeul, on the banks of the Loire. The poffeffor of this eftate has employed himfelf with great fuccefs in improving and embellifhing his retreat. The avenues to it are grand, the gardens and meadows well laid out, and there is a piece of water near half a mile in length, from whence are feven views that terminate in the foreft of Amboife behind the gardens. The Dukede Choifeul has given to the French nation the firft and the beft example of the happy eftefts of the nobility paying proper attention to their eftates. Every thing around him wears a new face, and Chantcioupe is a delightful refidence, where the eftabiifhment is more complete and magnificent, than that of any other Lord which I havefeen in Europe. Menard is an eftate of the Marquis de Marlgny, with a fine park inclofed with walls, and htaate on the banks of the Loire. Tours is reckoned to contain about 25,000 fouls. It is a fine old city, and agreeably fituated. There is a mall, the fineil in Europe ; near a mile and -an half in length, or 1 350 toifes, and in all this length are fine groves of trees, and a terrace, from whence is feen a pleafant and fertile plain, bounded by a delightful hill. The cathedral is a noble Gothic building : the towers are highly finiflied. The Chapter-houfe of St. Martinis very large; theKing is the Abbe. They have lately built a bridge at Tours, which may be confidered as one of th| fineft in Europe ; it is 1335 feet long by 42 wide, the whole fuperficies on a level, and is compofed of 15 elliptic arches, all of which are 75 feet in diameter; at the ex- tremity of this bridge they have begun to build a Itreet of 400 toifes in length on a line which traverfes the town. on the river Thouet, at the extremity of the town. This laft bridge, the abutments of which are already laid, will be compofed of three arches, each the fegment of a circle of 82 feet fpan, whole perpendicular will be but 8 feet andean half. , - - r The, bridsre of Saumur was built without dams or draining, ot the water : they ufed great cailfons, which contained a pier or an abut- ment. It was built upon piles, which were fawed on a level , at a deter- mined depth under wat-er, to receive the caiffons, from which the fides came away with great facility from the botfcm, which lefted upon the piles loaded with maibnry. The lawing machine, invented by M. de Voglie, operated with fuchpiecifion, that it repeatedly fawed from 15 to 18 feet underwater on a parcel of piles of z to 3 lines in thicknels, without fplitting ; and after they were fawed, they were raifed to the furface of l;he water. The river was in fome places 20 feet deep. I thought it might prove agreeable to the curious to receive this infor- mation on the fubjea: of bridges, on the truth and juftnels of which they may reiy. 3© A JOURNAL OF From Tours to ROCHELLE From Tours ] to Carrez J Montbazon Sorigny Sainte-Ca- "l therine j Ste. Maure Beauvais Ormcs Ingrandes Chatelle- 7 RAULT J Barres deNintre La Tricherie Clan Grand-Pont Poitiers ( Croutelies Colombieres LUSIGNAN ViDe Dieu La Motte ^ * St. Maixent C Ville Dieu NrORT Rohan-Rohan 7 Mofay i Courfon Noaille Huifeau LaRochelle Pofts. nt J (a) AtDefliou- lieres hotel de ]a Bourdonnaye. A very good jnn. (^) The Poft- houfe. A good inn at Gary's, Diftanee in Englifli Miles. Time on the Road. 4 i IZ 12 30 ^ 141 4 i 19 min. 25 25 31 Local Oeservations, 30 45 35 45 5 30 35 24 25 55 43 52 35 55 18 37, 55 55 45 40 Touraine is watered by the Loire and the Cher ; it is pleafant and fertile in every produc- tion, and above all in excellent fruits, which has given it the title of the Garden of France. A level wood country. Plains, pafturage, and fertile in corn ; they graze a number of cattle. There are few moun- tains in Poitou, and fe- ver al for efts. 10 A level country. A level country, not very fertile, but very commerciaL TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 31 REMARKS. The fabric of filk fluffs is much declined. Of 4000 weavers employed in 1750, they now reckon no more than 1300. The province of Tours pays about 38 millions of livres yearly to the King, which is the revenue arifing from the produce. The inhabitants have no property but what accrues from the fruit of their induftry, in which, however, is included the trade in cattle carried on in this province. I have this from the beft authority. AtOrmes is a fine feat of the Marquis Voyer d'Argenfon* Chatellerault, a Dukedom, of which a Scotch Peer, the Duke of Hamilton, bears the title. The inhabitants have a ma- nufafture of cutlery held in great efteem, and are reckoned at 105,000. PoiTiERS, a larg-e well-built city, but 111 peopled ; theyreckoa only 25,000 fouls. There are ruins called Palais Gallien, a tri- umphal arch ferving as a gatevyay or port, and the remains of an amphitheatre. There are large gardens in the heart of the city, and a public promenade which carries the pre-eminence over thofc of all other cities of France. It is nearly fquare, 280 toifes in the longeft part, and was made by M. De Bloffac, Intendant of Poiiou. LusiGNAN Is a pretty fmall tflwn, pleafantly fituated on the fummit and decline of a hill. NioRT is a very commercial town : they reckon about 18 or 20,000 fouls. Roc H ELL E, a handforne well-built town, a fafe and com- modious fea-port, formerly a place of ftrength, but has been muck neglefted. The chief trade was with Canada, the lofs of which is mil felt by the Rochellers. They reckon 16,000 fouls. Thelfles of 01eron,of Rhe, Aix, Brouages, and Marennes, may be feen from thence at one point of view. Here are the remains of the famous pier erefted by order of Cardinal Richelieu ; it was of 750 toifes. When the depth of water would not admit of going on with the wall of the pier, they funk 59 veflels well linked with chains of iron, and filled witU Hones and other materials, to fill up the fpace which remained between the land-works. The ramparts are 3 Englifh miles in circumference, or a com- mon French league of 2500 toifes, which is exailly that of Turin, Vienna, and Hanover, all of which I have meafured. There is a fine pidture of La Sueur in the church of the Peres de I'Oratoire. 32 A JOURNAL OF FromRocHELLj- to BOURDEAUX. From Ro- - C H E L L E to Rocher RCCHEFORT S. Porcher Saintes Pons Mir;! beau Blaye BOVRDEAUX Pofts. Lieues 4 3 4 4 5 6 Diftance in Engliih Miles. Time on the Local Observations. Road. 13 10 i2 H 18 h. min 45 30 30 30 30 There was no poft eftablilhed between Ro- chefort and Bourdeaux in 1768 when I made that route ; but there has been one eftablifhed fince. Tl^ e foil of Saintonge is fertile in corn and vines. 32 45 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 33 REMARKS. Roc H E FOR T is a handfome well-built town, with a commodious port and fine arfenal. There is a foundery for cannon. The theatre, lately built, is one of the prettieft in the kingdom : it contains three rows of boxes. The Intendant's gardens are very pleafant. At Saintes are feveral ruins of a Roman bridge, a triumphal arch, the remains of an amphitheatre, and an aquedufl.. BouRDfiAUX on the Garonne, one of the nioft capital towns in the kingdom. They export yearly near 100,000 tons of wine and brandy. Their quays are fuperb. The Garonne is 350 'toifes wide oppolite the Chateau Trompette, and 400 oppofite the Chartrons. It is 1900 at Blajx ; and at Bourdeaux it is half as wide again as the Thames at London, which is not above 200 toifes wide at Weftminfter-bridge. Here are the ruins of the Palais Gallien and of an amphitheatre, as alfo of a fmall gate which they pretend to have been built in the time of Auguftus. The fineft modern ftrudtures are the Place Royale, in which is the.ftatue of Louis XV. and the Exchange. From the Chambre des Confuls is a noble view of the port. The port and the quay are a league in length, and form a perfpedlivc view in croffing, which, feen from the other fide of the water at a place called La Baftide, cannot perhaps be equalled by any other of the kind in Europe. D ^4 A JOURNAL OF From BoUR- DEAUX to TotJLOUSE. From BouR'- ^ DEAUX tO> Boufcaut J La Prade Caftres Birlades Barfac Langon La Reole La Motte \ Marmande J Tonneins Aiguillon Port Ste. Marie Lufignan Agen Croquelardy La Magiftere Malaufe MOISSAC La Pointe MONTAUBAN La Battide S. Pierre GrifoUes Saint Jorry Courtanfoul ToutousE Polls Diilancc in Englifti Miles. 29 CO HJ si *-> 't2 •2 « S w V. c "5 ^ P R 5« V .0 3 a. & o Time on the Road. h. min. 45 30 40 48 50 I 50 Local OeservaYions. 50 35 25 45 45 48 48 7 55 10 10 50 A delightful profpeft on leaving La Reole. From La Reole to Agen is a fine plain watered by the Garonne, and bounded by two pleafan^ hills. 26 51 From MoNTAUBAN to Touloufe is a large plain of 60 miles long by 15 or 16 broad. TRA/ELS THROUGH EUROPE. 35 REMARKS. You turn out of the great road to Agen to go to Bareges. Agen, a handfome and opulent town, pleafantly fituated ; it was the birth-place of Jofeph Scaliger. Between Moissac and La Pointe (before you pafs L*AveIrou near Villemande) is the mountain called La Francoife, from whence is a beautiful and extenfive profpe£l of a fertile plain watered by the Tarn and the Aveirou ; and when the fky i» ferene, the Pyrenees may be feen at the diltance of 1 10 miles. Toulouse is a large and ancient city; the ftreets are well difpofed, and there are fome good houfes ; amongft others the Hotel Chalvet, which belongs to the Senefchal, and was built by the Comte d'Efpie in a manner incapable of combuftion, with flat arches of bricks and plaifter of Paris, and the roofs of brick-work. The Hotel de Ville, which is called the Capitole, is well worth feeing. From the bridge the Pyrenees may be feen at 100 miles diftance, as well as the Cevennes, which join the Alps by the moun- tains of Auvergne. The Cordeliers of this city have a method of drying dead bodies, by which means they are preferved for ages in their houfe ; I have feen near 200 of them together ranged along the walls. They reckon 60,000 fouls at Touloufe. 36 A JOURNAL OF FrqmToULOusE I to MoNTPELLIER. From Tou- louse to Caftanet Bafiiege o Villefranche La Baftide d'Anjou Caftelnaudary Alzonne Carcassone Barbeyrac Mous Crufcades Villedaio-ne o Narbonne («) Niffari Beziers (i) La Begude de jordy Fezenas (f) Villemagne Loupian Gigean Fabregues MoNTPaL- LIER I Pofts. (a) At Notre Dame. (^)AttheChe- val Blanc. (r) The Three Pigeons. An engineer of Languedoc told cie that f romTou - loule to Montpel- Jier they reckon 45 leagues of jLan- guedocjori 35,000 toifes»whichmakes tlie league of this place equal t03000 toifes. r 50 45 4 30 45 55 50 35 20 42 36 5 Local Observations. A very fine country, abounding in corn, fruits, and excellent wines. A plain, abounding in vines, olives, wheat, mulberry-trees, and en- coropaffed with barren rocks. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 3^ REMARKS. Carcassone, a town rendered opulent and refpeftable by its doth manufaflory. From Carcassone you go to Barbeyrac by the way of Trebes, to fee the canal which runs thro' an aqueduft that ferves as a bridge over the river Orbeil; and it makes half a poft more. From the Place S. Jacques at Beziers, and behind the Archbifhop's palace, are two piflurefquc views of the river Orb and the canal, as well as the valley thro' which they pafs. There are ten locks, one above the other, on a hill covered with olive- trees and vines. Beziers andPezenas are both pleafantly fituated. Narb'onne is a large handfome city, fituated in a fertile plain, two leagues from the fea. Here are the ruins of many Roman ftrufluresj and the tomb of Philip the Hardy in the cathedral. From NilTan to Beziers is only one poft ; but you muft: turn out of the road to go and fee a mountain cut through 1 20 toifes in length, to give freepaffage to the canal of Languedoc. Between Loupian and Gigean, on the fea-coaft, is fituated Frontignan, famous for the wine which bears its name. MoNTPELLiER is the fecond city in Languedoc after Touloufe, fituated two leagues from the fea, on the brow of a hill. Water is conveyed, to it from a diftance of three leagues by a very fine aqueduft, five parts of which are raifed by double rows of arches. One part o£ it may be feen near the Place du Peyrou, which is 1000 toifes in length. The Place du Peyrou, lately built, pre- fents oneof the fineft views in the world : on one fideare the moun- tains of Cevennes, with thofe of Ventoux on the confines of Pro- vence, where the Alps begin their courfe; on the other, a beautiful valley, the mountains of Roufitlon, the Pyrenees, and the Medi- terranean. In the center of the Place du Peyrou is the fine equeftrian ftatue of Louis XIV. in bronze, by Ceyfevox. Much is continually boafted of themildnefs of the climate, the purity of the air, the good living and affability of the inhabitants. 38 A JOURNAl OF From Mont PEL- LIER to Marseilles. FromMoNT- PELLIERtOf Colombiere LUNEL Uchault NiSMES (a) S. Gervafy Remoulins Valiguieres Connault Bagnols .Pont St. | Esprit {i>) } Bagnols S. Laurent Pujeau 1 Avignon j S. Andiol Orgon Pont-Royal S. Cans^t Aix{c) Pin Marseilles From Montpcl' ]ier to Nifmes tht road is meaAuei at 25,000 toiles nnd from Nifmc to Pont Saint -F.f piit, at 33,000 toifes. (a) The Peti Louvr,e. (i^)The Louvre (c) The Saint Jac(]^ues. Pofts. Djftance in I Englifti Miles. I * ?9 i 7 6 6 7 7 5 6 6 9 13 12 6 II II 12 10 10 169 Time on the Road. h. mln. 23 58 10 3 58 14 y 46 5 6 SO 55 50 45 45 40 42 28 50 Local Observations. A plain of thirty miles, covered with olive-trees and vineyards. At five miles from Nifmes is Aries, a beau- tiful town, famous for the refidence of Mr. Pomme, one of the molt fkilful phyficians in Europe. A delightful fertile plain, abounding in good wines, oil, game, and excellent cattle. From the plain be- tween Bagnols and Pont Saint-Efprit there is a fine view of the Rhone and the Alps, The vineyard ofSaint- Laurent. The plain of Avignon is very fertile and luxu- riant, fimilar to that of Piedmont. Note. For the remarks on the towns of Aix and Marreilies, fee p. 41, TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 59 REMARKS. LuNEL is famous for the excellence of its wine. NisMEsis an ancient and very flourifhing town. There are many ancient remains ; amongft others, the amphitheatre, which is well preferved, but too much concealed by little mean houfes : its great axis is an ellipfis of 67, and its fmaller axis of 52 toifes, of an irregular Tufcan order, and approaching to the Doric. It is 66 feet in height; had 32 rows of feats, of which 1 7 remain ; 3 rows of vomitories, which were the extremities or the ftair-cafe that led from the porticos : allowing 20 inches for each perfon, this amphitheatre muft have contained 17,000 people. The Temple of Diana, as it is called, but which was probably a Pantheon . The following fragment of an infcription has been found among the ruins : " Item dedicatione Templi Ifis, Serapis, " Vefts, Diani:, Somni . . . ." It is of the Compofite order. The Tour Magne, fuppofed to be an ancient maufoleum, or light-houfe, was 19 toifes in height, but is now reduced to 13. The Fontaine Publique, lately rebuilt. The veftiges of ancient baths have been found here, the chambers of which arc well preferved. The frife of the ftilobate (or great pedeftal in the center of the firft bafon) is very elegant, and exaftly copied frc.n the ancient, fragments of which may be feen in the interior part of the Temple of Diana. Before thefe chambers they have raifed a colonnade, which fupports a projeAing cornice. But the moft elegant monument of antiquity, and the bgft pre^ ferved, not only at Nismes, but in all Europe, is that which i$ called La Maifon Quarree. This is a temple of the Corinthian order in the moft exquifite tafte, erected about the year of Rome 754, by the people of Nifmes, to the honour of Caius and Lucius, the fons of Agrippa. M. Seguier has decyphered the infcription by the marks of the nails which fixed the letters to the frife, viz. " C. Ccefari Augulli F Cos. L. Casfari Augufti F Cos. Defignato, " Principibus Juventutis." The cabinet of M. Seguier, author of the Bibliotheca Botanica, fiiould not be overlooked by the curious traveller. Four miles from Nifmes, leaving Remoulins, between two fteep mountains on the banks of the river Gardon, is the famous Pont do Gard, a work raifed by the Romans to convey to Nifmes the waters of the fprings of the Eure and Airan. It is compofed of three rows of femicircular arches of the Tufcan order, and is 1 50 feet high. The firft bridge is 83 toifes in length, and the fpan of the arch, under which the river pafles, is 13 ttfifes in width. The fecond 40 A JOURNAL OF Fro^;Mo^^,TPEL L11.R to Marseilles. Pofts. Diftana in Englifli Miles. ' Time on the Road. Local Oesekvations. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 41 REMARKS. bridge is 10 toifes in height, and 133 in length ; and the third bridge, which fupports the aquedua, is 4 toifes high, and 136 long. It is attributed to Agrippa, who conftrufted it when he came to Languedoc, 19 years before the birth of Chrift. It is well known that he affumedthe title of '* Curator perpetuus Aquarum." The Pont Saint-Efprit is 3000 feet in length, and is^ ex- tremely well paved. We are yet unacquainted with its architeft. It is believed to have been begun in 1265, and finifhed in 1309, by a fociety of pious perfons, who were called Confraternite des Fonts;" or. The Bridge Fraternity. It is not ftraight, like other bridges, but forms a curve, the apex of which is towards the current of the Rhone ) which may have been done with the view of encreafing its ftrength, to refift the rapidity of the current. From Villeneuve to Avignon, exaftly oppofite to the latter of thefe towns, you crofs the Rhone in a boat. The rapidity of the current requires all the ftrength and dexterity of the boatmen to prevent their bark from dalhing againft the ruins of an old bridge, the piers of which are juft even with the water's edge. Avignon is a fine town : it belongs to the Pope, who has a Legate there. At the Convent of the Cordeliers is the tomb of the celebrated Laura, the Miftrefs of Petrarch, and that of the brave Crillon. The fountain of Vauclufe runs thro' the middle of the town, under the name of the river Sorgues. la J 762 there were 23864 inhabitants. A IX is a fine city, the capital of Provence, near the little river Arc. It is the feat of the Parliament of Provence. In the center of the city is a very elegant Cours, adorned with fountains and 1 handfome houfes. The town-houfe and the church of the Pretres , de I'Otatoire are the moft remarkable. In 1762, the inhabitants >vere computed at 23,000, Marseilles contains 100,000 fouls. From 1762 to 1772, the population encreafed 10,000 fouls. This town was a colony of the Phocians, and built more than 600 years before Chnft. ^ The ^irfenal, the fencing- fchool, the Cours, or the high-ftreet, which is 700 toifes on a line, with rows of trees in the middle, are much admired. The port is one of the moft commercial in France. At the Abbey of Saint Vidor they Ihew the grotto wherein Mar> Ivlagdalen is faid to have dwelt. The theatre is a handfomt Jsuilding. The front of the tpwn-houfe is by the famous Puget 42 A JOURNAL OF From Mar- seilles to Nice. From Mar- ") feilles (/2) ^ to Aubagne * Cuges (S) Bauffet Toulon Cuers Pignan Le Luc Vidauban Lc Muy Frejus L'Eftrelles La Napoule Antibes Nice ( La ChaufTee * Vitry le fran^ cois La Graviere ■* St. Diziers La Neuville (a) The Ecu d'Artois. it) The Poft- hoiife. (c) The Hotel de Corbeil. (a) The Poft- houfe. (e) The Mou- lin } or,ThePoft. hou(e. (/)The Pomme Pofts. Diltance in Englifh Miles. I 2 2 » I ^ i 2 ^ I 3 ^ I ^ I » i Time on the Local Observation;;. Road. so 4 I 9 I 1 1 8 I II i 7 i ^5 I 7 I 7 I 9 ^2 i 13 5 " i ^3 i 14 1 1 9 i 10 h. min. I 25 40 47 45 1 1 IS 6 IS 30 10 3 25 13 10 12 I 35 55 40 S3 40 40 38 8 9 »7 Flat country, corn, and pafturage, to Cam- bray. Very fine flony roads, and fometimes paved, to St. Quentin, From La Fere te Laon the roads arefandy and heavy ; they were repaired in ly^y. From Corbeni to Beny^ a fandy road. Fine ftony roads from Rheims to Chalons and JoinviJle. In all this route there are no vines. At Vitry you begiu to fee vines. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 45 REMARKS. This route is agreeable enough, with the exception of fome few places which I have remarked. It is much Ihorter than the route of Paris, and convenient for thofe who would avoid the capital. For Arras, fee p. 7. Cam BRAY is a handforae, large, and ftrong town in the Low Countries, fituate on the Efcaut, which runs thro' it. Its trade confifts in corn, in fheep,ih fine woollens that are much efteemed, and in linnen, which is exported to France, Spain, and the Indies. Laon is pleafantly fituated on the fummit of a hill, and is feea on each fide at feven or eight miles diftance. Rheims is a large handfome town, about two miles and an half in length. The cathedral is of Gothic architedlure, more boaft- ed of than it deferves : the ornaments of the front are heavy and confufed : it cannot be compared for taite and lightnefs to the churches of Antwerp, York, Rouen, or of Tours. From Bac- a- Berry to Vi try the country is open, the land arable, fertile, and well cultivated, with fome woods, but little pafturage. At Vitry the view of the country grows more confined : the hills, covered with vines, become more lofty. From Neuville to Joinville you follow the banks of the Marne, which runs flowly between two hills, adorned with vines and wood. 46 A JOURNAL OF Crofs-road from Calais to Dijon. * Joinville (a) Vignoris Chaumont Vefaigne Langres (^) Longeau Succey Thil-Ie-chutel Norge-le Pont Dijon Pofts. 66 (fl) The Louvre. Bad accommoda- tion. {i) DucdeBour- gogne. A good Diitanct in Englifli Miles. 9 13 10 lO 7 14 9 Time on the Road. h. min. 1 25 2 55 2 35 2 5 2 5 54 40 45 50 2 1 I 59 II Local Observations. Four miles before you enter Vignoris is a very high hill to mount and defcend ; the poll: is at the bottom of the hill. The i-oad from Ve- faigne to Langres is level to the foot of the moun- tain where the town Hands. Almoft every approach to Dijon is by a decli- vity. # TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 47 REMARKS. Joinville is a fmall town, pleafantly fituated at the foot of a hill on the banks of the Marne. On the fummit of this hill is a feat belonging to the Duke of Orleans, For Dijon, fee p. 23. 48 JOURNAL OF ^ From Nice to Genoa by the Col cki Teiide. Pofts. Diftance in Englifh Miles. Time on the Road. h. min. r rem Nice 1 to bcarena j 2 -i 2 J Sofpello 2 '3 3 30 * La Cmandola 2 16 4 Te n d e 2 H 3 50 LiiiTion 2 I 2 18 5 L-ONi [a) 2 I 2 '9 4 45 7 I 2 I 3 Savighan J r 2 12 2 Racconis I 7 T f I 8 Poirin '5 2 IS S. Michel I 7 58 Cabaglion / I 2 I 10 ASTI (^) 7 2 1 An none ^ 7 2 I 8 Felizanno I 7 I 2 55 Alexandria 1 I 7 1 2 I 37 Novi (c) 2 I c 2 Voltaggio 2 ^5 2 1 0 * Campo Ma- 7 rone( 1 1 I 45 \n) 1 ne roic- 32 236 45 34 houfe. (i) The Rofa j<.olia. ( Marone j Voltaggio Nov I Tor tone VOGHERA (a) * Broni (^) * Caftel S. ) Giovani J PlACENZA * Fiorenzola (c) BorgoS. Domino Caftel Guelfo Parma (J) San Ilario * Reggio {e) Rubicra MODENA ( /) La Samoggia BoioCNA- (g:) (a) The Moro. A good inn. (A) The Foft- houfe. Agood ipn. (c) Agood inn. {d) The Poft- hoiife.Agood inn 5 cr, the Pavonne. {e) The Poft- houfe, Agood inn. (/) The Al- bergo Ducale. A fuperb inn. (g) The Pele- rini, and the Lo- canda,Reale, both good inns. Pofts. 1 ^ 2 2 2 I i * I 26 Diltance in Englifh Miles. 1 1 H 9 I H 9 I 13 I H 7 I 7 I 10 12 10 f 19s ? Time on the Road. h. min. I 45 40 15 45 35 30 10 20 10 10 5 5° 58 30 •30 10 10 35 23 Local Observations. Two miles on this fideofToRTONAyoupafs the Scrivia in a boat : the chaife paffes the ford ; and about fix miles before you arrive at Voghera, you ford the Coiron, atleait when it is fordable. Twenty - five miles from Caftel S. Giovani you ford the Tidone. Two miles on this fide PlACENZA you crofs the Trebia in a boat. From PlACENZA to Parma, good even roads. You ford the Tare in the fummer (and in a boat when the water is high) five miles before you reach Parma. When yoa leave Ru- biera, you crofs the Sec- chia in a boat. Between Mod EN A arid Samoggia, four miles from Modena, you crofs the Panaro in a boat. Good roads thro' the Eftates of the Pope. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. REMARK S. 51 At Cornegliano, near Genoa, M. Durazzo has built a magni- ficent houfe, which eoft him almofi: a million before he began to furnifli it. There are fome piftures in the palaces of Balbi and Durazzo. Seven miles from Broni is a rivulet which feparates the Eftates of the King of Sardinia frdm thofe of Parma. Parma is a fine city, and wellpeopled. The cathedra! is mag- nificent. The pal ace of the Diikes of Parma is lar^e and vvtll huilt f. The great theatre is thelargell in Europe; it is 300 feet long, and is fo difpofed, that on one fide you may hear the loweft vvhifper on the other ; and if you raife your voice, there is nei- ther echo nor confufion. The gallery of the theatre contains fame fine pidlures. The beft pidures of Correggio are here ; particularly the pifture which is feen at the Academy, v/here the Infant Jefus is repfefented with the Virgin, Saint Jerome, Saint Mary Magdalen, and an Angel. You muft lilcewife fee the pic- tures of this artift at 8. Sepolcro, at the Madonna ddla Scala, and the Duomo ; and at the Academy, the patent of Trajan to the Vellejeins upon a brafs tablet. Mo;DENA IS a pretty* well-built town. You walk through the whole tovvn under piazzas. The palace of the Prince is magni- ficent J it has four rows of architfidture, of the Doric, Ionic, Co- rinthian, and Compofite orders. ■ _ Bologna is a large, opulent, and populous town. The inha- bitants are computed at 75,000 fouls. It is five miles round. The public buildings ^re magnificent, as well in point of architec- ture as ornament : next to Rome, it has more fine piftures than any other town in Italy. It has been at all times diftinguilh- ^d for the Sciences. The Univerfity is in much eilimation, and the. Academy is well known. Its trade is confiderable. Amougll other things to be feen is the meridian of Saint Petronius, traced by Dom Caffini J, The Mufeum, or Inftituto, furnifhed with t Since the publication of this Journal, the largeft and moft beautiful part of the palace has been taken down. t In 1776 was correaed the error in the meridian caufed by the fuikmg ot the wall which tranfmitted the rays of the fun through a hole, and to the eaft of the church is an infcription relative to this correaian. 5» A JOURNAL OF From Turin to TORTONA. Pefts. pittance in Englifli Miles. From Turin to Settimo Chivaflb Crefcentifio Trino C AS ALE {a) Alexan- dria ((5) * Tortona Re. Re (a) The Tre (i) T!ie Tre / 4 7 lo I lo I 9 I 20 8o I Time on the Road. h. min. lo 30 30 JO 45 Local Observatioks. When the rains are frequent, the roads from Turin to Afti are im- paflable; and then it is better to take the road of Alexandria through Cafal, although there are four or five rivers to pafs. Leaving Turin you crofs the Doria over a ftone bridge, and the Stura over a bridge of boats. Five milea from Settimo you pafs the Molone over a bridge of boats, except when it overflows its banks. A mile further, you crofs the Acqua d'oro in a boat; and eight miles from Chivas you crofs the Doria bal- tea over a flying-bridge. Before you arrive at Ca- fal,you raufl: crofs the Po over a flying- bridge, and the Tanaro by a ftone bridge. One mile and an half from Alexandria you crofs the Bormida in a boat, and fometimes you may ford it. It is proper to obferve» that in this route you lofemuchtime in croffing rivers, and the pofts are rery badly fuppHed. The fliorteft road and the beft ferved is that of Mi- Ian, Lodi, and Piacenza* TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 53 REMARKS. all that is curious in Nature and Art. The fineft monuments of architcfture at Bologna are the palace of Caprara, the apartments of which are very magnificent ; the front and the ftair-cafe of the palace of Fantucci ; the fountain of marble in the Place del Gigante, by Giovanni de Bologna. There are alfo feme elegant pieces offculpture by Giovanni de Bologna; amongtt others, the Neptune in the fountain of the Place del Gigante, and a beautiful crucifix of ivory at the houfe of Count Zampieri. There are alfo fome excellent piftures in the gallery of the fame Count: amongft thefe are the labours of Hercules by Caracci, with many others by the three brothers of that name. A wake, by Albano ; St. Paul remonftrating with St. Peter, amafter-piece, by Guido ; Abraham expelling Ifagar, and many others by Guercino and the greateit mafters of Italy. 3aint Cecilia, by Raphael, is at St. Giovanni in Monte ; and the martyrdom of Saint Agnes in the church of that name, by Dominichino. There are fome exquifite pieces, by Guido, in the magnificent chyfch of Saint Salvator ; and in the church of the Mendicants, is a very fine pifture of Job feated on the throne, by Guido. There is a delightful view of Bologna from the phurch of S. Michelein Bofco, in which are two excellent pic- tures ; one, by Guercino, of Saint Bernard receiving the rules of his order ; and the other from the Magdalen of Guido, by Canuti. In this church are fome beautiful cielings painted by Carlo Cignani. Thecloifters were painted by Lodovico Caracci. At Bologna there ^re feyeral leaning towers, the principal of which are thofeof Afinelli and Garifendi. I went to the top of the firft, the liairrcafe of which is no better than a ladder, and has about 300 fteps. , , r Leaving Bologna by the gate of SarragoiTa, on the road ot Loretto you fee a tolonnade of three miles ii) length which leads (Q Santa Madonna di San I^ucg. 54 A JOURNAL OF From BoLoGXA to Florence. 1 From BoLbG- NA to Pi an ore Loiano (' bad, (6) As there is no other inn upen this road, the pofl iis divided lb as to Jodge at the Ma- fclieri 5 where you pay the ex pence of horfes apcipoftil- lions, which is about a fequin foi fix horfes and two poftilJions. (c) At Yanini's vpon the Quay de rArno. t Half v/ay on the road from Fe- ligare to Covigli- aio is the JDogana at Pietra malai, where you may have the fame ac- commodations as are before men- tioned when yon ftop at the Ma- fcheri. Pofts. Diftance in Englifl Miles. lO 64 7 i 4 3 7 I -Li Time on the Road. h. min. 1 55 2 50 I 30 I 25 2 I 10 40 ^ 35 I 30 :4 35 Local Obser\-atiok3, A valley, the roads through which are moft- ly in a level bottom. From Fianoro to Loi- ano is a very extenfivo view of the chain of mountains called the Alps, yvree, Milan, Verona, and the plain of Padua, of the Po and of the fea. The whole road to Loiano and to the next poft is a continue^ afcent. From Covigliaip to CafFagiolo the road is molUy defcending. A fine view from the inn Pei Mafcheri. The roads are very gppd 0^ this route. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 55 REM A R K S. Four miles from Feligare is the vol can 0 of Pietra mala, almoft continually burning. , • a Florence is a large and beautiful city upon the riy.er Arno. it contains 150 churches, 17 public fquares, and a great number of palaces. It is fituated in an agreeable plain encompaffed witk pleafant hills, and is well peopled. I. have been informed, from intelligent people, that the inhabitants are computed at 80,000 fouls. It would require a volume to defcribe the beauties of this city The PalaisPitti, where the Grand D uke refjdes, the G a l - LERY,theCATHEDRAL,the Tower of Giotto, and the Baptiftery, are edifices which particularly attraft the attention of the ftranger. In the courts of the Palais Pitti (which is of the Ruftic order, and has a very ftriking effed) are fome very curious ftatues ; and in the apartments may be feen many very beautiful pidures, efpecially the celebrated painting of Raphael called the Madonna della Sedia, as well as a great number of other excellent pieces by the fame jnafter, by Guido, Guercino, Andrea del Sarto, Pai-megiano. Pietro Cortona, &c. Towards the gardens of the palace is ano- ther very elegant front. In the gardens of Boboli, which join the Palais Pitti, are fome very fine ftatues ; and amongft others, one of a man bearing upon his Ihoulder a vafe from which he pours water, by Giovanni di Bologna ; a ftatue of Neptune m a fhell of Egyptian granite, of one fingle piece 36 feet in circum- ference ; and above all, the groupe of Adam and Eve, full of expreffion, by Michael Angelo Nacarini. In the fame gardens of Boboli is a Menagerie, where I faw pftriches, and fome iheep whofe tails weighed thirty pounds. In the Cathedral the dome is particularly to be remarked, as well as the bas relief round the choir. From the top of the fquare tower del Giotto, which is cafed with white marble, you may fee all the environs of Florence, and which form feveral points of ^view as agreeable as they are furprifmg. Near the cathedral is a building called the Baptiftery, whofe gates of brafs exhibit fculpture very curioufly executed by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Befides (he Ilatues which are at the gate and in the court of the old Par A JOURNAL OP REMARKS. lace (amongft which are thofe of David, by Michael Angelo ; the rape of a Sabine in marble, by Giovanni di Bologna ; and the Perfeus in brafs, by the famous Benvenuto Cellini), there arc fome veryelegantones within, particularly in the Coupcil-chamber, In the church of the Carmelite^ is the chapel of the Corfini, where are two fine bas reliefs by Fugini, and the cupola is painted by Luca Giordano. There are alfo fome excellent pidures of Mafac cio, painted above 300 years ago. The great altar in the church of the Holy GhoU is an exquifite piece of architefture. At San Lorenzo the magnificent chapel of the Medicis is much admired, as well as the repofitory of the tombs, which contains fome very fine ftatues by Michael Angelo, who alfo executed the architedure of the library. The windows of the library are very beautifully painted. The church of St. Mark; deferves likewifc to be feen : the Dominicans vend exquifite perfumes there. In various places of the city are to be feen very curious pieces of architefture and of fculpture ; fuch as the palaces Riccardi and Corfxni ; the Doric column ; the'Place Du- cale; the bas relievo of a pedeftal, by Bandinelli ; the Place San Lorenzo; the Centaur llain by Hercules, by Giovanni di Bo- logna, &:c. Tlie Gallery is full of mailer-pieces of fculpture. Amongft the curious ancient ft^tues are thofe of Diana; Venusafter bathing ; Venus Genitrix ; Venus Vidrix, formerly in the Tri- buna ; the Athleta ; Cupid and Pfyche ; Ganimcde ; Bacchus and IFaunus; Venus and Mars; Endymion ; Poinopa ; Mercury; Leda ; Hercules wreftling with the Centaur ; a Bacchante, extremely light ; two Agrlppjnas fitting ; an Etrufcan Idol ; an Etrufcan Prince, or Lucomone, Amongft the works of mo- dern artjfls you will admire the Bacchus pf Michael Angelo, and the famous copy of the Laocoon, by Bandinelli. In one of the apartments of the gallery w^hich is called the Tribuna, are the ftatues of the Venus de IVIedicis; Venus Pudica ; a dancing Faunps ; the Wreftlers ; the Whetter; the famous pijJlure of Venus by T"ian, reprefenting his wife nakec^ in t^at character ; St. John in the Wildemefs, by Raphael | TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. -^57 REMARKS,' a fmall Madona kneeling, by Correggio ; and many pieces of Rubens and other great mafters. In another apartment, alfo ladjoin^ng to the Gallery, is the curious cabinet of Gresk and X-atin medals and medallions in brafs, which contains one of the beft feries in Europe, as well as a fine collefiion of Cameos and Intaglios ; and on one fide in the Painters Hall is the Jjeautiful ftatue of Venus coming out of the bath. The elegant bridge of the Trinity, which has ferved as a model for the bridge pf Neuilly near Paris, likewife merits attention. About two miles from Florence is the Poggio Imperiale, where are fome excellent piftures, aod a marble ftatue of Adonis, by Michael Angelo. Six miles from Florence, in the gardens called the Pratolino, ?S g ftatue of the Appennines, fsxty feet high in proportion, and feveral grottos with curious fountains. Since the firft Edition of this Journal, the Grand Duke has removed hither from the Villa Medici at Rome ihe famous groupe of Niobe, an aftonifhing performance, attributed to Scopas, and has built a room in the Gallery on purpofe for it. He has like* wife removed the Apollo from the Villa Medici, to place him by the famous Venus of the Tribuna, and alfo the Venus coming out of the bath, which is in the Painters Hall. In the room where you fee the M^p of Tufcany is an an- tique Hermaphrodite, which, in the opinion of fome, is not inferior to that of the Villa Borghefe. There are many very capital buildings in Florence ; amongft pthers, tKatpf thelVfarquis Riccardi> theDuke Strozzi, and Pr^n^c 58 ' A JOUR N A L From Florence to Rome. Ports. From Flo- ~ rence to 5 SanCafciano - Tavernelle * Poggio 1 Bonzi {a) ) CaftiglioncellQ Sienna {^) San Monteroni Buoii Convento Torrinieri La Scala , Ricorfi * Redicofani * PonteCentino Aquapendente * Nuovo San ] Loreftzo f J Bolfena Montefiafcone (a) The Poft houle. {b) The Tre Re. f There ha been lately built here a very good inn, on changing the fitiiation of the Pblt-houfe, I I r I I I I I I If 1 Diltance in Englifli Miles. f Froii) Pcnte Centino to Radi- cofani is ,)aid for IS a poft and an half. 9 I 8 7 t. 6 4 9 I 8 I 7 i 5 I 9 I 4 f 6 5 Tirpe on the Road. h. mm. ^5 I 55 40 25 IP 23 15 55 5 41 34 40 3 5^ 50 Local Observations, From Florence to Sienna is a delightful country of hills and val- leys, covered with vines and olive-trees. The road js very pleafant. From Sienna to San Monteroni, an even react in a pleafant valley. Near Buon Convento is Montepulciano, whofe wine is much celebrated by Redi in his Dithy- rambics. Near Radicofani is Chiufi, formerly Clu- fi urn, the capital of the States of Porfenna, From the valley of Sienna to the Ponte "Centino there are many mountains, indifferently 'fertile,and muchafcend- inganddefcending. The road was very good in J 769, but I found it quite fpoiled in 1777. The Lake of Bolfena is thirty miles round, and encompafled with delightful hills covered with fine oak-trees. TRAVELS THROUGH EUI^OPE. 55. REMARKS, Sienna, a famous city of Tufcany. The inhabitants are com- puted at 16 or 17,000 fquls. The cathedral, altho' Gothic, is a ^nifhed work : it is entirely cafed with black and white marble within and without. In front of the entrance of the church are two columns of porphyry. In the Chigi Chapel are two very fine ila- tues of Saint Magdalene and Sainj: Jerome, by Bernini, and eight columns of verd antique. They Ihew you a Madona which they affure youwas painted by Saint Luke The bafon for the holy water i s afine piece of Grecian art; thepulpitisof beautiful ^fricanmarble; and {he bas reliefs, efpecially thofe on the ftairs, are admirable. The pavement of the church is partly engraved and partly Mofaic. There is alfo the llatue of Alexander VII. by Bernini, and two good pidlures of Carlo Maratti in the Chigi Chapel. In the library, near the church, is a very elegant groupe of the Graces in white marble, which is faid, for what reafon I know not, to be executed by .Sophronicus, the father of Socrates ; and iyi the fame place are the y/orks in frefco of Raphael, Perrugino, and Pinturricchio. The tower of the Palace de la Seigneurie is very high, and from the top is a very extenfive view as far as Radicofani. The fquare jn which the palace is fituated is in the form of a fhell, of which the ridges form the water-courfe, and the water is carried ofFat the bottom. You muft not negled feeing the infide of the church of the Auguftines, where there are many good pidures from the Schoql ;3f Sienna, but little known without that city. The altar-piece of this church is very elegant. In the church of the Dominicans is the piflure of the Madona, by Guy of Sienna, painted in 1221. In this town there is a Caffino, where the nobility of both iexes affemble. They (hew to all foreigners the houfe of the Socins^ y/ho were born in that city. ft> ,A J OUR N A L OF FromFtoRENCF. to Rome. VlTERBO t La Montao-na * Roncislione i Monte Rofi Polls. Baccano La Storta Roma (a) tThe Albergo ^cale. A good inn. (a) At Bene, detto's and many otheisintheneigli- liourhood of the Piazza di Spagna. 23 Diuancc in Englilh Miles. Time on the Road. h. min. 10 I 10 5 7 I 20 6 I 171 i I 40 4 28 30 33 9 Local OBSERVATlo^So From Montefiafcone to Viterbo you defcend upon a fine road all the way. La Montagna is the Mons Ciminus ; you afcend the whole way to it. Ronciglione is on the border of the Lake Vice : Lagus Ciminus, From Monte Rofi to La Storta a great part of the road is along the ancient Via Cafiia ; all the way is on the de- fccnt. From Baccano, 16 miles from Rome, you begin to fee the ball of the crofs of St. Peter's, and you travel entirely on the defcent. TRAVE LS THROUGH EUROPE. 61 REMARKS. Rome is a large and magnificent city, 13 miles round, and contained in 1767, 1 59,760 inhabitants, exclufive of Jews. The churches, palaces, country-feats, antiquities, ruins, are all telH- monies of its ancient and modern grandeur: I fliall only meiuioii here the moft remarkable of them. When you are at Rome, you will find no want either of books or Interpreters to direft your rcfearches. Saint Peter's is not only the firft church in P.ome, but the firft building in the world. The periilyle which furrounds ic, the two elegant fountains, the obelilk in the center, the front, the cupola, which is 68 toifes (a) to the top of the crofs, produce aa inexprelTible effeft on minds fufceptible of the fublime and beau- tiful. The elegant proportions which are every whera obferved in theinfide of this magnificent edifice are fuch, that, vaft as it is, the mind fixes at once on all the component parts which prefent themfelves to view ; and we are notaftonifned at the greatnefs of them, until we enter upon an examination of each, when we find them far beyond what we could have imagined. The canopy of brafs which is 122 feet high, the bas reliefs, the piftures, the ilatues, in a word, all that is contained in the church, require" feveral days at leait to examine them. Next to Saint Peter's, the two fineft churches at Rome are, Sanfta Maria Maggiore {6), and Saint Giovanni Lateran. San. Paolo is without the city, la San Pietro in Vincoli, is the famous ftatue of Mofes, by Michael Angelo. Saint Agnes, in the Place Navone, contains the beautiful relief, by Algardi, reprefenting Saint Agnes naked, covered with her own hair : this is an admirable piece. At San Girolomo dellaCarita, is the pifture of Saint Jerome receiving the facrament, the chef-d'ceavre of Dominichino. The Trinita Dei Pellegrini is in poflefGonofan excellent pidure of the defcent from the crofs, by Volterra. Sainte Croix in Jerufalem; Sanda Bibiana, where is the mafter-piece of Bernini, a fine ftatue of Santa Bibiana, the drapery of which is admirable. At San Via . J Miirino La Faiola * Velletri {a) Cafe Fondate Sermoneta Cafe Nuove * Piperno (i^-) Limaruti Terracina Fondi Itri Mola dl Gaeta Carigliano (a) With a let ter of recommen da'don you may be well accouimodat- ed with a bed at the Palais Ginetti at Velletri (h) Piperno oi Gaettaare theonly places where a bed can be had on this road; but itis bet tcr to travel all night, the inn at Piperncbeingvery l)ad; that of Mo ]a di Gaeta is not rnuch betotr. Ne vertheleis, with ietfers of recom Tnenclation, one may have good ac- commodation at the Convent of* S Erafmo at Callel- ]one, near Mola di Greta, and ano- tl:er at Velietri at the Palais Qinetti. Diltance in Englifli Miles. 6 4 5 9 5 8 5 7 7 1 1 7 4 Time on the Road. h. min. 20 Local Observations. 15 45 25 35 22 3° 45 5° The profpedls in this route are much varied by an alternate change of hills and dales. All the country is very indifferently culti- vated, on account of the heavy imports on grain. Theair is very unhealthy. Terracina is oppofite to Mount Circello, for- merly called Mount Circe. On leaving Carigli- ano, the river of that name muft be crofied in a boat. The road from Ter- racina to Naples is one of the fineft in Europe ; it was made on the Ap- pian way (which ferves for a foundation to it) t-o receive the prefentQueen of N A p L E s . A fine air, a fertile foil, and abounding ii\ wine and oil. • TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE, 6g REMARKS. Between La Faicla and Marino you pafs over Lake 'Albano, now called Lake Cafteilo, fro".ii Caftei Gandolfo, which is on the bank of the Lake. To avoid travelling all night between Rome and Naples, you may flop at Velletri, at Piperno, and at Mola di Gaeta. By feme pre- vious precaution being taken, a lodging may be procured at the Palais Ginetti at Velletri, and at the Convent of S. Erafmo near Mola di Gaeta. Tlie bell inn at Piperno is that which is at the foot of the mountain ; but it is better not to flop there. In the environs of Fondi is the Grotto where Sejan^s faved ths life of Tiberius, according to Tacitus. From the Convent of S. Erafmo, a mile diftant from Mola di Gaeta, is a magnificent view of the town and Gulf of Gaeta, and from whence Mount Vefuvius with the Ifiands in the vicinity of Naples may be plainly feen. Near S. Agata is SefTa, formerly Setia,the capital of the Volfcians. At Capua the Volturno is croffed over a bridge ; a mile beyond which are the ruins of the ancient Capua. Naples is an opulent commercial city, and the befi: fituated in the world. The road of Naples is one hundred miles in cir- cumference, which the eye can take in at one viev/. The Ifland of Caprea, famous for the retreat of Tiberius, is oppofite to this city To the right is the l^ill of Polilipo f, and to the left is Mount Vefuvius. 1 know not of any profpeft more extenfive, more varied, or more ftriking, than that of Naples and its environs, feen from the top of Mount Vefuvius. The ftreets are handfome and regular. They reckon about ■^60,000 inhabitants ; fo that, next to Paris and London, it is the moft populous city in Europe. The Royal Palace is a noble and mag- nificent piece of architedlure ; the Toledo ftreet is ftraiglit and wide, -and three quarters of a mile in length; and the houfes are well-built. The great Theatre is one of the fineft in Europe ; and on Gala-days, when it is illuminated, itprefents a fpsdacle the moft brilliant and magnificent imaginable. At Capodi Montsis a fuperb colledlion of piftures ; a very numerous and beautiful col- ledion of aH the feries of medals in gold, filver, and brafs * At 16250 toiles, or 1 9I Englifii miles roiith of Naples. \ The fatiaous Grotto of Pofilipo, which is dug the length of iSz toifes, or 2316 EngliHi feet, through the mountain (according to an exift mealure taken by rnyfelf), appears to me to be one of thofe wonjerous works of Liicullus I'poken of by Plutarch, p. 947, L i. of the iiditioft «f Henry Stephens. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 71 REMARKS. and a prodigious number of cameos and engraved antique flones of the greateft beauty ; amongrt others, is one which is perhaps the molt beautiful cameo exifting : it is an onyx in form of a bowl, 8 inches in diameter, reprefenting in the interior part the apotheofis of Adrian ; and on the other fide a Medufa's head, of admirable workmanfliip. There are feveral different views of Naples which are all oftheminterefting: the one isfromCaftel del 'Uovo ; the other from Caftel St. Elmo ; a third from the tomb of Virgil, over the Grotto of Pofilipc; and the fourthfrom the Convent des Camaldoli, without the city, from whence may be feen all the antiquities of the environs of Naples. In the Chapel of Prince Saint Severin are two fine modern ftatues : the one a ftandmg figure covered with a net; the other reprefenting a dead perfon wrapped in a Ihroud, admirably well expreiTcd. The environs of Naples are extremely curious and fatisfadlory to the lovers of antiquity and of natural hidory. ' Mount Vefuvius, the Solfa Terra, the Grotto del Cane, the Baths of Nero, &c. will fufficiently intereit the laft ; and Portici prefents the firft with an inexhauftible col- leftion of piftures, of ftatues of marble and of brafs, of utenfils, of vafes ufed in the temples, in the facrifices, and in the houfes,itt bronze, in filver, earthen- ware, andglafs, fome of which, for delicacy ofworkmanfhip and defign,are not to be equalled in any other col- leftion. Every thing which has been found in Hercularieum and at Pompeia, as well as all that continues to be found there, is depo- fited at Portici, near to which place, and under P.efina which is ad- joining to it, are to be feen the ruins of Herculaneum. At the diftance of twelve miles from Naples is Pompeia, the ruins of which are open, and expofed to public view. You may walk in the ftreets and enter into thehoufes, as theyexifted in the timeof the Romans ^ and it is the only model we have of an ancient city. Puzzuolo has fome beautiful remains of antiquity. The claffic ground defcribed by Virgil is alfo to be feen ; the lake Avernus, the cave oi the Sybil, the Ely fian- fields, the cape of Mifeno, the Acheron, the grotto of the hybil of Cuma, from whence is feen afar off the Torre de Patria, where is the tomb of Scipio with thefe words : " Ingrata Patria, neoue ofl'a mea habebis.'* On the fide of Baia is the fepulchre of Agrippina, the Pifcina mirabile, &c. &c. Thefituation of Naples, viewed two or three miles from thefea, is the mo/t beautiful and agreeable in the v/orld. Some are di- vided in their opinion of giving the preference to the fituation of Naples or that of Conftantinople ; but the number of fuffrages feems to be decifively in favour of the former. A JOURNAL OF From Rome to IrORETTO. From Rome to 7 Prima Porta S Malborghetto Caftel Nuovo Rignano * Civita Ca- ftellana Borghetto Otricoli * Narni Terni Strettura Spoletto Le Vene * Fcligno Cafa Niiova * Serravale Pontic Trave Valcimara Tolentino * Macerata SambuGhe'cto LORETTO There arelotig- Ings to be had at ail the places on this route tkat are marked with an Sfteriik, The beft !odg ings 3re at Narni, F'oiigno, Spoletto, Macerata. At the Poft-houfe. This ]a(l if without the city. Pofls. Dillancc in Englifh Miles. I I I I I I I i I I } I I I 20 Time on the Road. 9 7 9 9 9 7 7 8 1 1 6 10 160 h, min. 40 15 SO 50 30 10 30 10 IS 30 3S _30 5 Local Observations. Otricoli is at the en- trance into Umbria. A fertile country, fine plains and mountains, and rich vallies. Three miles from Strettura you begin to afcend the Somma, which is the higheft of the Appennine moun- tains on that fide. At Serravale you quit the Umbria and enter the Marche of Ancona, llill croffing the Appen- nines. At Valcimara the val- ley extends, the moun- tains gradually decreafc, and you enter the plain. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 75 REMARKS. The road from Rome to Bologna is not kept in fuch gcod repair as that by Sienna and Florence ; but the country is more agreeable ; the inns are better, and there are a greater number of them to put up at. There is alfo another route to Florence by Perugia and Arezzo. At Terni you get on hcrfeback to go and fee the cafcade dellc Marmofe. Spoletto is partly fituate on a hill and partly in a plain. Macerata is prettily fituate on the top of a hill. LoRETTO is fituate on the top of a hill, two leagues from the fea. The church of Our Lady is called Santa Cafa, and the chapel of the Madonna (of which fo many wonders are related) is very pretty. The Madonna is covered with jewels and pre- cious ftones. The treafury is alfo ihevvn> which is certainly one of the richeft in Europe. JOURNAL OF From LoRETTo to Bologna. Prom Lor ET TO to Ca merano Ancon A -Cafe Brugiate ^inigaglia Marotta *]Fano ^ Pefaro 'Catolica * Rimini Savignano Cc^ena * Forli jpaenza Imola S. Nicole ioLOGNA i-odgings may ^^c bad at all the places ou this road that are inaiked with an after ilk. Polls. Diftanee in EngliHi Miles. 9 i 9 7 I 6 7 I 7 lO ir I 9 I 9 f 9 i 1 1 9 I H5 Time on the Road. h. min, 35 45 5° 20 20 25 5 12 40 15 5 30 45 45 30 26 Local Observations. FromLoRETTo to An- CONA is muchafcending o and defcending. A leve] country to the mountain, from Pefaro along the coaft of the Adriatic fea. Between Ccfena and Savignano, three miles from Cefena, you pafs the Rubicon (now called the Pifatello), which is 20 feet wide, being near the fource, but at Ra- venna it is at its full width. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. REMARKS. Ancona is a commercial fea-port, fituate on the brovv of a hill, and extends to the fea-coaft. On the mole is an arch of Trajan of white marble well preferved. There is a handforae and commodious harbour. Between Sinigaglia and Fano you enter the Duchy of Urbino, which you quit at Catolica and enter the Romagna. Near Pefaro you difcover the little Republic of Saa Marina iipon the top of a mountain. For a defcription of Bologna, feep, 47. 76 A JOURNAL OF From Bologna to Venice. From Bolog- na to San Giorgio ^ Cento San Carlo Ferrara {a) Rovigo Monfelice (a) The Trols Maures. You may go to Venice by water, if you embark at Francolino, which is five miles from Ferrara. You make your agree- ment at Ferrara with themariners, who furni/h you with a Peota for your equipage and iervants, for 7 (e- quins ; andaBur- chielJo for your- feif for 10 or 12 fequins more : the voyage, which is 80 miles, is per- formed in about 20 iiours. It muft be oblerved, that as there is no poft from Francolino, you mu ft pay for a poft and an half, according to the lules eftablifhed in alnioft ail coun- tries where they favour the pofts. The route by wa- ter from Ferrara to Venice is made on the Po, from thence by a canal to the Adige, and by another canal to the Brentaand the JLagunes. Pofts. I I 2 2 Diltance in Englilh Miies. 7 9 18 Time on the Road. h. min. ^ 45 30 10 20 20 Local Observations Before you come to Cento you -crcfs the Rheno in a boat. A level, marfhy coun- try, badly cultivated. After having left Fer- rara, five miles beyond that city you crcfs the Po, which is very wide, in a boat ; and 9 milesi; from the Po to Paf- fo Rofetti, you crcfs the canal Bianco in a boat. Three miles from Rovi- go you crofs theAdige. A fine country. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 77 REMARKS. Cento is the birth-place of Guercino, and where are to be feen the greateft number of pidlures painted by him. Ferrar A is a handfome city, with a magnificent fquare and a ) ia) TheGolden Eagle, A good inn, ib) At Eons Dary, near the Rialto ; Petrillo, at the LioneBlan CO; at the Tre Re, &c. Twenty-fivemiles from Venice Chiozza, andatio miles diftance Malamocco, wit feveral other fmall Iflands of the La- gunes, before you reach the capital. N. B. You are never in the open fea in_ all this route. Pofts. Diftance in Englifh Miles. 13 i 12 10 9 _i_ 102 Time on the Road. h. min. 2 ' 45 20 IS 19 15 Local Observations, From Padua to Ve- nice almoft the whole way is along the courfe of the Brenta. A fertile foil. From Fufina to Ve- nice the conveyance is by a gondola, which is twelve livres. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 79 REMARKS. Rio Fofcari, all the works ofPalladio. The Procuratie Nuove, the Zecca the Libreria; the Palaceof Cornaro, on the great canal,near to St. Maurice; the Palace Delfincriva diBiaggio; the churches of S. Francefco della Vigna ; S. Martino near the arfenal; S. Geminiano in the Place of Saint Mark ; the Monument of the Doge Venier at St Salvador ; the School of St. Giovanni degli Schiavoni ; the Incurables, &c. of Sansovino. The third order of the Procu- ratie Nuove, the other front of the Libreria di S. Marco, the Mu- feum ; and the monument of the Doge Nicolo da Ponte in the church of S. Maria della Carita of Scamozzi. The Palaces of Grimanion the great canal near St. Luc, andCornaro at St. Paul's, of San Mi CHI ELI ; and laftly, the churches of the Scalzi and the Salute; and the Palaces of Pefaro and Rezzonico of Balthafar Longhena. | to A JOURNAL OF From Venice to Milan. FromVENiCE to Fufina Dolo Padou A La Slefiga ViCENZA {a) Montibello Caldiero Verona (^) Caftel Nuovo * Defenzano PonteSanMarco Brescia (c) I'Hofpidaletto * Palazzuolo Cavernago Bergamo (^) Vaprio, or | Canoiiica j Columbarolo MiLANO (?) («) The Capel- lo KofTo. (b) The Due Torre. A good inn. (c) The Torre. (d) Thc Fenice, or at the Albei go Reale. (e) The Pozzo, and the Tre Re ; but the beft inn is the Albergo Reale. Diltaiice in Englifli Miles 1 1 II 9 lO 10 12 8 1 1 1 1 6 183 9 i 8 io 6 'I i lO !0 I Time on the Road. h. min. I I to I 40 I 40 2 I 30 I AC I 50 J I 45 2 15 I • I I 30 I 30 I I 20 2 I 5 I . 30 Local Observations. A level country. Here the country be- gins £0 be rather un- even. It is very fertile and pleafant. It pro- duces much wine, and white mulberry-trees. The Veronefe is the moft fertile country in Italy, abounding in corn, wine, fruit, oil, and much cattle, &c. From Caftel Nuovo to Brefcia, the road was very bad and rugged in 1778. It is very good from Bergamo to Milan, From Bergamo to gorous cuftom-houfe. The Bergamefe is a ;ry populous and fertile )untry. The inhabi- tants are an induftrious people. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 8i REMARKS. ViCEKZA ispleafantly fituated. The environs are thq moftagree- ;ible that can be imagined. It is the country of Palladio, of whom many fine works are to be feen there: amongll others, the Town-houfe, the Olympian Theatre, on the plan and proportions of Vitru vius,snd themodel of theancient theatres. The Rotunda, thevillaof Count Capra, that of Count Chiericato, the Palace Capitaniato, the Palace Treffino, the Palace della Ragione, of the Counts of Val- marana, of Tiene, Caldogno, &c. the arch of the field of Mars, the field of Mars, and Santa Maria del Monte, from whence is a fine view of the country, are alfo worth noticing. Verona is pleafantly fituated upon the Adige, which runs thro' it. The town-houfe is a capital building. There are many beau- tiful remains of antiquity : amongft others, the amphitheatre, which is preferved entire, and is now in ufe. When th? Emperor came to Verona, in 1769, it was fhewn to him when full, and they reckoned 22,000 perfons. At S. Celfo is a pidture of the Holy Family, by Raphael, The church of San Giorgio. At San Bernardino is the chapel of the family of Pellegrini, by Mi- chiel San Michieli, which is one of the moft elegant pieces of architeflure in Italy. This architect was equal to Palladio, yet is neverthelefs fcarcely known. There are alfo oth^r works of architefture at Verona, by Michiel San Michieli : amongft others, the Porte Stupa, and the Palaces CanpfFa, Verzi, Bevilacqua, Pompei, and Pellegrini. Bre.scia is a large and populous town, v/ith a good citadel ; but it contains nothing femarkable. It is fituate in aa agreeable plain on the Garza. Milan is the largeft city in Italy, except Rome. They reckon about iAO,ooo inhabitants. The cathedral, in the Gothic tafte, is not yet finifhed, altho' it is three centuries fince it was begun. The decorations are highly finilhed. Here are Ihewn the chapel of S. Carlo Borromeo, with many fculptures in filver ; and the body of S . Carloin a coffin made of plate-glafs fet in filvef, of the greateft mag- nificence. From the top pf the towers is a very extenfive profpecl of the rich and immenfe pl^in of Lombardy and of the Alps. There is at Milan an excellent public library, called Ambroiiienne. At Santa Maria deile Grazie is the fine pifture of theLaft Supper by Leonardo da Vinci. A part of the ruins of the temple of Her- cules, built in 286 by Maximilian, form the portico of the church of St. Lawrence, Porta Ticlnefe, Two miles fromMll-AN is thg ^cho Siraoneta, which repeats 4.0 times, Q 82 A JOURNAL OF From Milan to Turin. From Mi LAN ^ toSanPietro > I'Olmo J Buffalora NOVARA [a) Vercelli {(>) S. Germano Cigliano * Chivafco (f) Settimo Turin (y) (a) The Tr Ke. An indif- ferent inn. ib) The Trc Re. A good inn (c) The Tre Re, without the town on the Tu rin fide. (d) The Au berge Royalc. Pofts. Diftance in . Englim Miles. From Milan to the Boromean Ifles and to the Lake Como. From Mil AN to Seroimo J Trad ate Varefe (a) Laveno *l'lfola Bella ^ rifola Madre Jjaveno Varele Como Milan ( which is three leagues from Berne. Before you reach So- leure you afcend an higk mountain. The roads are badj and the poftillions make you wait three quarters of an hour before they give you horfes. All this country is interfperfed with wood*; and hills. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. REMARKS. Verfois is an eftabliftiment defigned by France fo attraft the commerce of Genoa ; but in 1770 there was not one ftreet of it fcnifhed. . From Geneva to Basle are fine roads and good inns: the people look happy ; not a perfon in rags to be feen ; not a houfe oat of repair. Lausanne is the capital of the Pays de Vaud. The public edifices are handfome, It is half a league diftant from the Lake of Geneva. Berne is neat and well-built, paved and well-fortified. The llreets have piazzas on each fide. Basle is fituated in an agreeable and fertile foil upon the Rhine. It is an opulent, commercial, and populous city. Before you reach Lauchingen, you ford the river Watta, there being neither bridge nor boat. We crofled it in a dark night, at the danger of our lives, from being ignorant of this circumftance when we fet out in the morning. A mile before you reach Schaffhausen, you turn to the right to fee the cafcade formed by the fall of the Rhine, which is the moll capital in Europe. Schaffhausen is a handfome ftrong town of Switzerland. There are two fine churches, a curious clock, and a noble bridge ^ver the Rhine. 90 A JOURNAL OF From ScHAFF- H A us EN to Munich. FromScH AFF- jj H A U S H N to? Singen 3 * Stockach * Melkirch Mengen Riedlingen * Ehingen («) Ulm (6) * Gunt/burg Zufmarliaufen AuGSEOURG (f^ Everfberg Schwabhaufen M ir KICK (a) A good inn, (^) The Griffon d'Or. (OThc Chevai blanc. Local Observations. 2IO 45 55 A t Stockach you come into the great road. A corn and beer country : they cultivate no vines, but fupply themfelves with wines from Switzerland by the Rhine. Fertile plains, fine pafturage, and forefts well furnifhed with game. The roads between AuGSBouRG and Mu- nich are very good. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. REMARKS. Ulm, an imperial city, rich and populous. The Town-houfc is a fine building. The church of Notre Dame is very large and well-built. It is fituated upon the Danube. AuGsBOURG is a beautiful and celebrated town, furrounded with fine plains., The police is extremely well regulated. 1 he Town-houfe is magnificent, particularly the front : on the lecond ftory is a fpacious hall, the cieling of which is neither vaulted nor Supported by pillars. The inhabitants are partly Lutnerans and partly Roman Catholics. It is the birth-place of the celebrated Brucker, whom I faw there in 1770. , , r i. Munich is a large and well-built city. The Palace of the Eleaor is fuperb, as well as the Theatre of the Court, which is opened free to the nobility and ftrangers. The itreets are hand- fome. This town is fituate upon the Ifer. 92 A JOURNxAL OF From Munich to Vienna. Pofta. From Mu- nich to Anzing Haag Hampfing Altenoeting Markel Braunau Altheim Ried (Jnterhaag Lambach *YeIs „ LiNTZ Ens Strenberg Amftotten Kemmelpach Moelch Peel ten * Perfchling Sieghartf- kirchen Burkersdorf Vienna (a) (a) The inns of Vienna are very bad : if you make any ftay, it is bet- ter to take fur- iijfticd lodt^ing-s. Diftance in Englifh Miles. 28 i 16 18 16 '5 16 13 15 iS 1 1 16 10 21 10 13 16 10 iz 9 9 I 305 i Time on the Road. h. min. 40 20 45 30 15 30 20 45 ^5 40 55 20 50 iO 46 40 35| 25 25 50 L0CA£ OBSERVATION; The country is fertile enough and well culti- vated, notwithftanding which it is poor, for want of trade. At Unterhaag you en-., ter the States of the Houfeof Aaftria, where the roads are very good, and the pofls better ferved. TtRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 93 REMARKS. Braunau is a well-fortified town on the banks of the Inn* LiNTZ is a handfome town, the capital of Upper Auftria, There are fome fine buildings, much nobility, and a conftderabl^ internal commerce. It is Utuate on the Danube, MoELCK is afuperb Convent of Eenediftines. There are up* wards of 39 vyindows in the front of this building;. Vienna is fit u ate on the confluence of the Danube and the Vienne: it is a handfome city, and well-fortified. It is only three miles in circumference; but, including the fuburbs, it is altoge ther confiderable, and contains 210,000 fouls. The moft capital public buildings are the Palace, the Cathedral of St. Stephen with "its fteeple, the library, and the arfenal, which is furnilhed with arms for ioo,coo men, and three trains of artillery, exclufive of other arfenals in the States of the Houfe of h uftria. The cu- rlofities to be feen are the Imperial Gallery of piflures, the treafurv» the intaglios and cameos, the diamonds, ;ind the beautiful pifturefi by Correggio in the treafury ; the cabinet of ancient and modern medals, and a colleftion of all the monies in the world ; the ca- binet of natural hiftory ; — the cabinet and library of the Jefuits ; — the cabinet of medals of the late M. France ; — ^the cabinet, the pidures, and the houfe of Prince Lichtenftein ; the riding-houfe, with double galleries, of the Compofite order ; the Cameo of Alexander, by Pyrgoteles, given by the Eleftor of Mayence to his nephew the Comtede Schoenbrun. The Prater, promenade. The gardens of Schoenbrun. The moft fuperb fellival I ever faw was that which was given by |he gmprefs at Vienna, oa the- occanpn of the general meeting of 94- A JOURNAL OF From Munich to Vienna. Pofts. Diitance in Englifli Miles. Time on the Road. Local Oes ervaticxs. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 9? R E iM A R K S; fier family. The Grand Duke came to fee her ; Prince Charles re- ceived the Archduke Maximilian as his Coadjutor of the Teutonic Order. The Emprefs gave a public mafqued ball at Belvedere, the houfe of Prince Eugene, to which a gallery of 400 feet in length was abided, lighted up with 7200 wax-lights. The front of the gal- lery without was illuminated with 230,000 lamps. There were 18,000 wax-lights within the palace- walls. The company that aflembled were to the number of 7000 perfons. The whole was conduced without the leaft diforder or confufion. A fupper was ordered for 10,000 people. Phyficians, Surgeons, Midwives, and beds were prepared in cafe of accidents. Imuftnot leave Vienna without obferving, that it is one of the Courts of Europe in which hofpitality is the beft underllocd ; the Court is truly affable ; the Nobility, and particularly the Ladies, even of thefirft rank give the moft gracious reception, to llrangers. The Minifters live in great flate in their houfes, and perform in th§ manner the honours of the country. 9^ A J O U R N A L ,0 F From Vienna to Presbourg. Pofts. Diftanct in Englifh Miles. Time on the Road. Local Observations. From Vienna } toFifchment J Teufch-AI- 7 ten burg 3 J*RESBOURO 2 I i I ^5 H 12 h. mm. 2 15 2 I 50 Prhsbouro is upon the Danube, in a country- abounding in wine and in cattle. Eifenftatt belongs t« Prince Efterhazi, who keeps a garrifon there. 4 i 41 6 5 From Vienna to ESTERHAZ. -^romViENNA ? to Hochau 3 Windtpafling Hoeffling y>dinburg Shuttern, or-j Szeplack, or > J^fterhaz J I I I I ^ i '3 13 10 12 12 I 4 I 20 I S I 30 2 T i 60 7 40 You return from Esterhaz by another route, in going FromEflerhaz 7 tp Edinburg ^ Eifenftatt Windtpaffing Hochau Vienna 9 12 »3 13 2 I 30 I 57 I 25 — ^ ~6 47 8 42 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 97 REMARKS. Presbourg is the capital of Upper Hungary upon theDanube, with a fine caftle in an elevated fituatlon ; it is the refidence of the Arch-Duchefs Maria-Chriftina and her confort Prince Albert of Saxony, Duke of Tefchcn, who keep a numerous and brilliant Court there. The Danube is very wide and rapid op- pofite the town : in fummer you crofs it over a bridge of boats ; but on the approach of winter, this bridge is withdrawn, and they make ufe of a flying-bridge (compofed of two large boats joined together), which is made to run along by a rope extended acrofs the river, and makes a very fafe bridge. Efterhazi is the country-feat of Prince EflerhazI, one of the greateft Lords in Europe not actually a Sovereign. He has a camp of 200 men before his caftle, and a troop of German Co- medians, an Italian Opera, and a Band of Mufic, always in pay. He gave a ball and fupper to the Emprefs at Kitfee, near Pref- bourg, the 21ft of July, 1770, where 50 of his guards waited in very magnificent embroidered uniforms. The caftle of Efterhazi, or Szeplack, is fuperb, and the garderts, and walks in the wood, are very pleafant. H 9? A JOURNAL OF From Vienna To Prague. prom Vi EN- NA to En . zerfdorf it'Ulborn ttplabrunn * lezelzdorf I?'reynerl(lorf B udvvitz Schlettau Stannern * Iglaw Teutfchbrod Steinfdorf lenichau Czaflau * Kolin plnina 5o:mifchbrod Biegovvitz Prague Pofts., Dii-t.iuci. ill Miles. I'ime Qii - tiie Road. 20 lO iO lO IO lO 12 I? I'o 15 8 9 lO I2 9 9 IO 1 1 203 h. min. 40; 30 4c 50 45 40 15 5 20 30 30 25 25 40 Local Observations. The route from Vi- enna to Prague is very good, as are all the roads in the States of the Houfe of Auffria,^ The country of Mo- ravia and Bohemia, thro* which you pafs, is well cultivated ; little hills, fertile valleys, woods, and arable lands. The towns are well : built, particularly Ig- law, and feem to be very populous. Flax is much cul- tivated in Moravia, which gives the country a very pleafant look when it is in bloffom. 35 4i TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. REMARKS. Moravia has the title of Marquifate, and is annexed to Bo- hefmia. The fe countries are both very fertile and well cultivated, ^hey produce corn and hops, of which they make excellent beer, particularly in Bohemia. This kingdom alfo produces fafFron. There are' mines of Til vfer, tin, and lead; fome diamonds and preciCus' flones very hard and much elleemed ; fuch as the garnet, which is harder than the garnet of Syria, The Sclavonian language is fpoken in Moravia and Bohemia ; it has' a mi'jfture of the German'. Game abounds to fuch a degree in Bohemia, that, in a chace made by the Emperor Francis 1. on one of the eftates of Prince CoIIofedo, in 1753, twenty- three huntfmen, in eighteen days, killed '47 ,'9 50 pieces of game ; of which there were 1 8,-243 hares, ^9'^45'"partridges, 9,499 phe.afauts,&c. They fired 116,209 times. I had the memofjindum from Prince Colloredo himfelf. . At KoIin was fought the battle by which MarOial Daun pre- fel-vfed'Prague, and obliged the King of PrulTia to retire. Prague is a fine large city. There are mahy fuperb edifices ; fuch as the King's Palace, the Town-houfe, the Hotels Lobkowitz, Tfcherriin, fcc. The laft has fome refemblance to the Palace of the King- of Naples. The UniVerfity, founded in 1347, is much celebrated : there are 6,000 ftudents ; they reckoned 30,000 in th^ l6,th century. The CoIlege;Of the Jefuitsis a noble building. M•e^e 'is dhe "of the -fineft- bridges in' the world; it is 1700 feet long, and ha5 24 arches, over the Mulde, or Moldaw, which falls into the Elbe. The Old Town, is on the mountain, and the New Tdwn is in, the plain. The laft fufFered much when it was h'efieged by theKirig'of Pruffia in 174^. ^ They reckon 80,000 fouls. I©0 A JOURNAL OF Agoodinn. (4 The Hotel dc Pologne, An excellent inn. (c) Agsod inn. Froni Prague to Leipsig. I Pofts. )iftance in Englifh Miles. Time on the Road. h. min. FromPRAGuE 1 to Turfko S Weilbern Budin , I * 2 lO lO H 2 2 45 3 20 * Lowofitz * Auffig {a) I » 2 12 10 3 Peterfwald Zehift Dresden (^) I SS E N 2 lO lO H i6 3 30 3 30 3 15 4 ^5 * Stauchitz {c) Wermfdorf , I * 4- . I »5 H 5 3 25 Wurzen 10 2 30 Leipsic T I * 2 ^5 '5 i 1 66 44 40 Local Observations. This part of Bohemia is not fo pleafant as that on the other fide of Prague ; it is alfo lefs populous ; and there are fewer villages as well as woods. Bad roads on this route from Lowofitz to Auffig. One is much jolted over a bad road by the fide of a moun- tain, having the Elb« t« the right. From Auffig f to Pe^ terfwald you crofs a high mountain, and from Drefden you travel at a very flow pace. At Stauchitz, bad roads : acorn country. A mile from Wurzcn you crofs the Moldavf in a boat. The environs of Leipsic is a level coun- try, and well cultivated. f Auffig is the birth- place of Antonio Rafaell* Mengs, lately deceafed, the firft painter of this age. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. loi Pv E M A R K S. Dresden is a handfome and large city, the capital oftheElefto- rate of Saxony, upon the Elbe, which divides it in two. There is a bridge of 1920 feet in length, and many fuperb edifices : amongft others, that of the Palace of the Ele£tor, the Zwinger, the Indiaa Palace, and that of Count Bruhl. Amongft thofe things moft re- markable to be feen are the treafury, the library, the cabinet of natural hiftory, and particularly the gallery of pidlures, which contains one of the fineft coUeftions in Europe. At the Gros Garten, about a mile from the town, is the gallery of ftatues, where there are fome fine pieces : amongft others, one of Lyfippus, Traces of the ravages caufed by the fiege of 1726 by the King of Pruflia upon this city are yet vifible. They reckon 1 30,000 fouls. Meissen is well fituate in a pleafant country, covered with vineyards. This is the place where they make the beautiful Saxoa porcelain. There are upwards of 700 workmen, although the King of Pruflia induced the moft Ikilful of them to go to Berlin, when this Eledorate was under his dominion. L E I p s I CIS a large and opulent city, wdth a celebrated Univerfity, founded in 1409. This is the birth-place of the famous Leibnitz. It carries on a great trade, and the fairs held here are of great celebrity. It is governed by its own laws, but is dependent on the Eleftor of Saxony. The church of Saint Nicholas is a noble building. It is in a plain between the Saale and the Moldaw, at the confluence of feveral fmall rivers. Near Saint Michael larks are fold to the amount of upwards of 80,000 livres. There are a prodigious quantity of nightingales in the wood of Rofendhall, usAx this city. They reckon about 130,000 fouls. A JOURNAL O F From Leipsig t( FromLEiFsiG 7 to Duben i * Wittenberg(<3) Treuenbrlezen Beelitz Pot ZD AM (^) Berlin («) A good inn (Zi) Handfonu inns ; but bad); ferved. 2 24 6 t 12 2 45 I 12 2 50 2 20 3 10 I 14 20 Diltancc in Englifh Miles. 22 24 Time on the Road. h. min. 40 15 Local Obsfrvations, You crofs the Elbe in a boat near Witten- berg, A level country, woody and fandy. {ieavy fandy roads. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 103 REMARKS. Wittenberg is a fmall. town, but rendered famous by the refidence of Luther and of Melanchthon. It was here that Lu- tU^i* 'hd^^xi the Refurmation. His tomb is to be feen in" the church of the caftle, underone of the marble fquaresofthe church pavenient. That of Melanchthon is alfo to be feen. PoTZDAM is the place where the King ofPruffia refides the gre'ateft' part of the yeai^. The late as well as the prcfent King haVe erefted fome magnificent edifices : amongllthib iboft remarkable', are the royal caftle, the garrifon church, the famous Palace of Sarii^- Souci, where the prefenk King lias difplayed the ^reateil mao;Aifi- cence, and has formed a fuperb coUeMoh of piftures. The he^ Palace is five miles from Potzdam." l^\\e French church is ah imitation of the Pantheon. The King has been plea'fcd to imii tate fome of the moft celebrated monuihehts of Antiquity at Roiiife; fuch as the Colifeum, the Bafilica of An'toninet ^c. The Gati^ t( Brandenburg is a fine piece of architefture. iThere is alfo an imitation of the Banqueting-houfe, Whitehall. Berlin is a large apd handfome city upon the Spree, which falls into the Elbe. Tj'he palace is magnificent,' and the front is a fine piece of architefture. There is a noble library, a valuable cabinet of curiofities and medJiIs, an Academy of Sciences, an obfervatory, and an opera-houfe that is well built. The arfenal is a noble fquare building. The Palace of Prince Henry, and the Catholic church, which" is like the Pantheon; the fine bronze fta- tue of t^e Great Eleftqr, by Sthluter ;'the ftrcets Unterkinden, Frederic- Straffe, are Ipng, Itrait, and handfome. The manu- faftory ofpoaxelaihe atlBerlin is fuperior to.that ofDrefdcn. 104 A JOURNAL OF From Berlin to Brunswick and Hanover. FromB e r l i n 3 to POTZDAM i GrofTen-Creutz Br ANDEN- BOURG Ziezar Hohenzias Magde 7 BURG (a) i Arxleben Helmftadt Brunswick Peine Seinde Hakover (i) (a) The King of Pruflia. /i good inn. (6) The City <»f London. A good inn. z 2 I I 18 i in Englifh Miles 20 »3 10 18 ^5 21 20 10 25 »S 12 193' Time on the Road. h. min 4 12 4 7 2 3 3_ 60 30 30 45 JO Local Observations. The route from Ber- lin to Helmftadt by PoTZDAM is thro' a vaft plain very badly culti- vated, where there are no made roads, or they are b;;dly made, and muft be almoft impaf- fable in the winter fea- fon. There is little trade, and the people ure very poor. Before you reach Ma g- DEBouRG you crofs the ill be over four or live ridges. The roads are ex- rfmely bad, efpecially Ml winter. You go from Mag- DKEOURG to Helmftadt with the fame horfes, but very inconveniently. From Helmftadt to Brunfwick the roads are good enough. The ccuo- try is pleafant, andwcU cultivated* TRAVELS THRCrUGH EUROPE. lot; REMARKS. Brunfwick is a large, ill built town: the Greets are wide. The Ducal Caflle is an ancient Gothic building, very large and handfome within. The parade is a fine place. There is a noble palace of Prince Ferdinand. — A cabinet of natural curiofities, foffils, &c. where is an antique vafe of a fuperb onyx, wrought ia cameo, called the Mantuan vafe, of which there is an engraving. Hanover is a handfome Ilrong town in a pleafant plain upou the Leyne, which divides it in two. It is neat, well-paved, and contains about 30,000 fouls. There are fome handfome buildings: amongft others, are the Palace, the Theatre, the Houfe of General Walmoden. The library contains about 50,000 volumes : it contains a prodigious number of manufcripts of the celebrate^ Leibnitz, which have never been publilhed : what I have fecn would make three or four volumes in folio. In the environs are the beautiful country-feats of Herrenhaufen and Montbrillant. A JOURNAL OF From Hanovef tb COLOGN. ^ Pofts. Diftanct in Engl i Hi Milc-s. Time on the Road. Local Observation''., From Ha NO- "J VER to Ha- C genburg j Leefe * Diepenaw [a] Boomtc OSN ABRUCK(^) Lengerick MuNSTER. (f) Dulmen *Dorften {J) Duyfburg DuSSELDORF Dormagen CoLOGN (a) A bad inn, and the only one. (^) TheKeifer. A good inn. (f) The Crown, A good inn. (d) Pofthoufe. A good inn. I 2 2 * 2 I 2 Z I I 2 ^ i I I 12 20 22 IS lO 20 20 IS 21 i6 I 2 I I h. mill. 4 40 3 5 5 30 3 15 3 6 25 4 S° 6 10 6 50 5 3 3 On leaving Leefe you crofs the V/efer in a boat, oppoiite to Stol- zenaw. Fine roads to Diepe- naw. Heaths, M(oo4.?, and arable lan^s, A cii]tiva.t?d,cpuqtr.y, and good roads. Heaths and woods. A good road, thoug-ii Tandy. This part of the coun- try is tolerably well cul- tivated. Near Duyfbourg is the place where Varus and his legions perifhed by the arms of Arminiqj. 20 59 40 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 107 REMARKS. OsNABRUCK is ill-built, but pleafantly fituated. They reckon about loor 12,000 fouls. Mu N ST ER is an opulent and ftrong city, and contains about ZO,OQO fouls. The houfe of Baron Vorhelna is a fine building. DassELDORP is a ftrong town upon the Dufiel at the confluence of the Rhine, prettily built, belongs to the Eleftor Palatine, and contains about 10,000 fouls. The gallery of piftures is one of the finelt coUedtions in Europe. Cologne is a large, handfome, opulent, and celebrated city of Germany, the capital of the Eleftorate of that name, founded by Agrippina, and called the Rome of Germany, perhaps on account of'^the great number of churches it contains, for it certainly can- not be for its beauty. In the cathedral of St. Peter is the fup- pofed tomb of three Kings, the Ikulls of whom are Ihewn : be that as it may, this tom.bis one of the flneft mafter-pieces of work- manniip in gold and filver exifting ; it is 9 feet high ; the upper part is of gold, and the inferior of filver ; it is adorned wich precious ftone.% with cameos and intaglios, both anticjue, fome of which are very beautiful. io8 JOURNAL OF From CoLOGN to Utrecht. From Co- LOGN to Berchem JULI ERS AlX-LA- CHAPELLE(fl) Foron Liege S. Tron Tirlemond Louvain Malines Anvers Sundert Breda [c) Donge Capel Duffel Paffage of the 1 Meufe j GORCUM Meerkirchc Vianem Paffage of the 1 Leeck j Utrecht (a) At Du Tiiclijopppofite the bathi;. (/;) The Ville de Biuxelles. A good inn. f- (c) The Prince Cardinal. Pofts. I 2 3 I z 2 2 Z 3 2 leagues 2 2 2 39 Diftance in Englifh Miles. 15 10 15 18 17 24 12 10 12 28 10 6 6 6 5 6 10 I 6 23+ Time on the Road. h. min. 2 50 3 5° 5 40 20 5° 45 20 5° 3° 10 IS 20 25 25 35 15 55 46 20 Local Observations. A country fertile in grain and wine, of which they carry on a great trade. Very bad roads in the environs of Aix-la- Caapelle. Fine paved roads, with rows of trees. A level, rich, and well cultivated country. A level country, little cultivated, and rather marfhy. In about 25 minutes travelling from Capel, you crofs the Old Meufe in a boat. Duffel is alevelmarlhy country. Much time is loft in getting the equipages into the ferry-boat. It takes 10 minutes to c-ofs the Lee«k in a boat. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE 109 REMARKS. TuLiERS is an ancient and ftrong town, with a good citadel. There is a pretty wooden bridge, with an handfome iron raihng. Aix-la-Chapelle is a large and handfome imperial town in the Circle of Weftphalia, fituate in a bottom encompafTed with mountains. The Baths, the Town-houfe, the Cathedral, where they {hew the regalia of Charlemain, his fword, belt, &c. and his New Teftament : thefe threo articles are ufed at the coronation of the ^"ant°werp is a handfome, large, and formerly one of the moll ©pulentand commercial towns in the world, upon the Efcaut, which is very wide here. The public buildings are fuperb ; the ftreets are neat and wide. The cathedral is a complete piece of workmanfhip : the tower is admirable : there are two hne pidures by Rubens, the AfTumption and the Defcent from the Crols ; the ma^rniflcent Chapel of the Fraternity of the Holy Sacrament ; tHe^Town-houfe, the front of which is 250 feet wide, and the center is decoratedW'ith five orders, one above the other. The Place de Mer ; thehoufe of Baron Fraula ; the Jefuits, the front of which is by Rubens ; it is highly ornamented within, and hung with fine pidures ;— the Auguftines, thepidure of the great altar, by Rubens; and the extacy of St. Auguftine, and acrucifix, by Vandyke ;— the barefooted Carmelites, a pifture by Rubens j St. James, a pifture at the great altar, by Rubens. The col- leftions of piftures by M. Van Scorel, Madame Boffcheert, where is the rape of the Sabine^, by Rubens, and fome pieces by Van- dyke and De Brughel. St. Michael's Abbey, a large building. A monument of Mary Queen of Scots, at St. Andrews. The cabinet of M. Van Langres. Breda, the palace of the Prince of Orange, Lord of this town, which is well fortified : it is upon the Merck, in a very fertile plain, and is neat and well-built. ^ Utrecht is a large and handfome town, with a famous Uni« verfity, particularly for the iludy of the civil law, fituate upon the old canal of the Rhine. It is celebrated for the projefted union of the Seven Provinces, which was figned there, and by the treaty of 171 3 which was concluded there — The Town, houfe-— The tower of St. Martin has 460 Heps, and is about 360 feet high : from the top may be feen Amfterdam, and fifteen other capital places. There is a fine raall> which has fevenrows of trees. no A J O R N A L OF From Utrecht to Amsterdam From Ut r e c h t to Montfort Oudewater * Gouda Rotterdam Delft TheHAGuE(^) The Hague to L E Y D E N Alphen Amsterdam(<^) From Am- sterdaa* to Buykfloot Brock Tollhuys AmSTJ; RDAM (a) At Ben nets, the Old Doe Jen. ('0 At Thie- baiilt Warnioes btrats. Pofts. i6 By water. [Diftancc in Enplilh Miles. lO 6 12 9 5 46 i 9 7 i 18 34 2 3 4 10 Time on the Local Observations. Road. h. min, I 10 50 2 15 I 40 55 58 30 13 30 10 55 10 3 23 The foil is moftly damp and marfhy. They fovv but little grain. It is entirely cut and croffed with ca- nals. Here you crofs the Yllcl over a bridge. A pleafant country, and well cultivated. Two miles from the Hague is Rvfwick. go in fix flat, low country: theaters are frequent- ly above the level of the ground. There Is a convenient yacht to go by water ; but you may hours by land. From Buykfloot }''0u fee Saarfdam. From Brock you may return, if you will, 'by lland to Amsterdam ; it is the fhortefl. way. You crofs the water from Tollhuys to Am- sterdam. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE, m ■R F, M A R K S. Oudewater is a pretty little fortified town. Gouda upon the Yff^l, rematkable for its fine church, where are'the fitieil painted windows in Europe. Rotterdam isahandfomc;, rich, and flrong town, with a noble port. TheTown-houfe, the Bank, the houfe of the India Company, and the ar{enals,are magnificent buildings. It is croffed by' feve'n canals. Veflels of 360 tons burthen come up to the center of tlie town. It is the birth-place ofErafmus, of whom tliere is a ftatue of bronze in the market-place. There are many tombs of Dutch Admirals in the great church. It is called Lrt'tle'Ldiidoh, from the number of Englilh people ellablifiied there. Delft is a fine towa. The Town-houfe'is magnificent. They reckon about 22,000 fouls. It is the birth-place of Grotius. . Leyden is a large and hanuiome city ; and has a famous Ijni- Yerfity. The Towu-houfe has a famous pidlurc of tlie Laft Judgment, by John of Leyden : it is ntuate on the old canal of tlie Rhine, in a fine plain. Tile bitanicai garden ; — the cabinet of natural hiilory. Brock, a village fingular for its remarkable neatnefs. The houies arc painted without the tiles' upon the houfe-tops 'are painted and varnilhed ; the itr^eti arenas neatlt-s the infide of tK'e houfes. Amsterdam is one of the richefl: atid moil flourilhing cities in the world, A fine port. The city is en'tirely cut,?ind tra- verfed with canals, and with 114 A JOURNAL OF From Amster- jg^ DAM to It Brussells. Pofts. Diftance in Englifh Miles. To Capellen Anvers Malines Brussells («) (a) At the Court of Holland, 9 lO 84 40 Time on the Road. h. min. 40 30 25 10 Local Observations, v^— Fine leve> country, well cultivated. Fine level country, well cultivated on the Scheld. From Malines to Brussells, the road by Wolverdcn is very fines TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 115 REMARKS. Bruss ELLS, the capital of Brabant and the Auftrian Low-Coun- tries, is a beautiful, opulent, and large city, built partly on an eminence, and partly on an agreeable and fertile plain on the banks of the Senne. The Town-houfe is one of the prettieft Gothic buildings that exifts. The tower is a finifhed piece ; th« fquare before it is richly decorated, but in a very bad ftile : as an inftance, amongft others, there is an equeftrian ftatue on the top oi a houfe There is a very beautiful public walk, called Allee Verte. St Gedulde is a fine church. The tapeftry in the apartments of the Town-houfe is excellent. Prince Charles's cabinet of natural hiftory and curiofities dcferves to be vifited ; as alfo a menagerie, where they fhew a rabbit which covered a hen, of which they alfo exhibit the produce ; but it is a trick of the gardener ; and the chickens which he Ihews, have a particular kind of feather, which at firft fight appears like the hair of a white rabbit. Ther® are fome beautiful piftures in the cabinets of Meff. Dannoort and the Chevalier Verhulft. Near Bruffells is the Abbey of Tervurcn, the Villa of Prince Charles: in your way to it, you crofs the delightful forcft of Sogne, which is in a regular courfe of cutting, and produces [a million per annum to the Emprefs. The inhabi*. lants arc computed at 50,000 fouls, ii6 A J 0 U R N A L FromBRUssELLS to Calais. From Br us- -j SELLS to > * Lonvain ^ Tirlemont S. Tron (a) Tcngres IVIaES-; RIGHT 1'ongres Spa (h) Liege S. Tron Tirieinont Louvain ^ BkUS SELLS * Afche Aloit Quadregt G A N D c) Petreghen S. kloy COURTRAY Menin Ypies Rofebrugge Du N KIRK Gravejines Calais (tj (a) The Poft houfc. (/i)AtOgi!vie's (f) At bi. Sc id) La Tete 6' Or. (tf) AtDefTcin's Polls Diftanccj in Englifli 51 t 17 12 I 2 12 14 13 28 24 12 IQ 9 9 6 12 8 7 6 10 13 10 5 10 _H_ 349 Time on the Road. Local Observations. A very fine country. 3 level, and well cultivat- ed, abounding in wheat z and pafturage. 2 There are very fine a CO roads raifed above the 2 fiat country. 2 40 2 40 C2 50 c 2 4P 7 4 2 I 50 2 45 I 30 I 20 I 43 I 30 53 15 55 4,0 50 40 30 Level country, and extremely well cultivat- ed ; fine roads,_and well- built towns. Leaving Rofebrugge, after having pafi'ed the Yfer, you enter France, TRAVELS THROUGH EU'ROPE. 117 REMARK S. Louvals has nothing remarkable but its Univerfity, which is held in high eftimation, and the Town-houfe, a Gothic building, the front of which is magnificent. Maeftricht is a fortified town belonging to the Dutch. The Town-houfe and otherpublic buildings are magnificent. When you pafs thro' Afche, you mull not omit feeing a fine pidure of Rubens in a church there. Gand is a very large town, and contains about 70,000 inhabi- tants. It is the birth-place of Charles V, whofe houfe they ftill fliew. There are many fine public buildings. St. Peter's Abbey, the Cathedral, the pulpit of which is magnificent, a fine picture by Rubens in one of the chapels, aiid the Town-houfe. A JOUR N A L From London to Bath and Bristol. , Pofts. From LoN- DON to I Hounflow J Salt-Hill Reading Speenham- -i land near | Newbury J Marlborough Devifes Bath (a) (a) At York- Hoiife, Princes- ftreet. From London to Baddow. From LoN- 1 don to IlFord J Brentwood Baddow DiitaiiCf ill Englifli Time on the Road, Miles. h. min. lO I 17 i 2 10 I 50 I 46 i8 H 2 6 1 2-1 2 0 107 12 14 6 1 1 1 2 29 Local Observations. A level country, ex- tremely well cultivated. A delightful country ; pleafant profpe£ts. Hills and valleys, "a pleafant country, and a fertile foil. Thefe fix miles are meafured from Mile- End ; but they reckon eleven miles from Bond- ftreet. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 119 REMARKS. About two or three miles before you reach Hounflow is I Houfe, a feat of the Duke of Northumberland, which is er liftied by that nobleman with all the tafte imaginable. 1,1 ©f no nlace where art and riches have beenfo well employed. EATri is a magnificent city : it is famous for its hot baths, and the refort of the beft company In England. It is one of the beft built cities m Europe ; there are not only many capital public buildings, but entire quarters of the city have been built m an equal ilile. Queen- Square, the Circus, and the Crefcent, are ornaments worthy of London, Paris, or Rome. The AlTembly- Rooms are handfome, and well planned. The police of the city is well regulated. Provifions are very cheap ; in ihort, it would be a difficult matter to find a city in the world in which the con- venient and agreeable are fo happily united. Near Ilford is Wanilead, where is the fuperb feat of Lord Tiluey. 120 A JOURNAL OF From the Caftk of Belmont to ■Edinburgh. Pofts. From Bel- \ MONT to Perth Kinrofs North- Ferry Queen's- Fer Edinburgh -i ■Another route from Belmont to Edinburgh. From Bel- mont to Dunkeld CaHel - Menzici Crief * Stirling Falkirk Linlithgow Edinburgh By water Diftance Englilh Miles. Time on the h» min« 3 15 ^5 2 30 2 40 2 45 9 1 40 58 1 1 0 20 '7 22 20 10 8 iS "3 Local Observations. 3 4 4 2 I _3_ 23 30 30 ^5 40 21 10 Belmont is agree- ably fituate upon an eminence in the plain of Strathmore, which is 120 miles in length. There is a verypleafant wood near the caltle. Four miles from thence is the tower of Banquo» built by Mr. Mackenzie, where you fee Arthur's mountain near Edin- burgh, which is 5 8 miles from Belmont. A corn country, well cultivated. Near Laftle-Menzies is thecafcade of Monefs, a delightful and pidu- refque fituation. The way to it is by a walk of two miles in length by the fide of a brook between tv/o hills covered with wood ; the brook runs at the foot of a vale, fometimes flowly, and often falling precipitately, in twenty different places, forming the moll agreeable caf- cades. Stirling is delightful- ly fituate upon a rock, from "whence you difco- ver a rich and fertile plain of 80 miles in cir- cumference, agreeably watered, and bounded on every fide with plea- fant hills. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 121 REMARKS. Belmont belongs to Mr. Stuart Mackenzie, Keeper of the Privy-Seal of Scotland, who has very much embellifhed this feat and has rebuilt the caftle. About ten miles from thence is the hill of Dunfinane, famous for having been the refidence of Macbeth, who built a fortrefs there, from whence he was driven by Malcolm (grandfon of King Duncan, whom he had ajTaffinated), affifted by Macduff, Count of Fife. Macduff pur- fued Macbeth, and killed him near Belmont, at a place called Belly-Duff, where is the tomb of Macbeth, about i©o paces from the caflle. Dunkeld is the place of refidence of the Dukes of Athol, near which is Birnham-wood, celebrated in the Tragedy of Macbeth, Caftk-Men2>ies is at the foot of the mountain of Wheems. Five miles from thence is Taymouth, the eitate of the Earl of Breadalbane, the natural beauties of which furpafs all defcription. Near Falkirk is to be feen the canal which is to join the Ocean with the German Sea by the communication of the river Clyde v/ith the Frith of Forth. 122 A JOURNAL OF From Alnwick IoWarrington through Bath and crofs-roads. From Aln- wick to Morpeth Newcaille Durham Darlington Northallerton Rippon Harrovvgate Leeds Wakefield Hill- top Sheffield Chelterfield Kendal Derby Burton Litchfield Birmingham ^9 H 18 15 17 1 1 ^5 12 12 12 10 13 16 \ Kings X Anns Talbot 5 King's IHead King's Arms. George OU Angel Peacock George George Swan Hereyou take ejtHer the crofs-road, or you pro- ceed to Boroughbridge, and from thence to Har- rowgate : you need not take the crofs-road 'till you come to Doncafter or Newark ; but the laft way is longer by 20 miles. The roads in this poft are^very bad, and much afcending and defcend- ing. Here the roads begin to mend. Near Hill- top is Wentworth, the feat of the Earl of Strafford ; and 5 miles from thence Wentworth - Houfe, the feat of the Marquis of Rockingham. A delightful country, well cultivated. A fertile country of hills and valleys. Delightfully fituated in a fertile valley 5 a pretty and well-built town. All Saints is a fine church with a hand- fom'e fteeple. A fine plain, and good roads. Very well built, fitu- ate on the brow of a hill. They reckon 50,000 fouls. St. Philip's is a fine church with a dome. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 123 REMARKS, I 124 A Jour N A L O F From Alnwick toWARRINGTON t-i)i-oug!i Bai H and crofs- ro ads. To Bromfgrove * Worcefter Upton * GlouceHer Frofter Petty-France Bath Wells Pipcr's-Inn Bridgewater Taunton Wellington Tiverton Crediton ] (Kerton) ] Oakhampton * Warrington 12 7 Diftance in Englifti Miles. ■13 12 10 12 14 IS 20 H I'S 20 4+9 Inns. Local Observations. Crown Hop-pole George t Single I Houfe George Fine roads, a de- lightful view of the county of Worcefter, about ten miles from Birmingham. Worcefter is an elegant well-built city, with a handfome Gothic cathe- dral. Before you reach Up- ton there is a fine view of the valley of Eveftiam. A delightful view of Gloucefterftiire ; the ca- pital is fmall, ill-built, but agreeably fituated. in a large plain. A bad road : here is a fteep mountain to get over from hence to Petty- France, the feat of the Duke of Beaufort. At the nth mile- ftone from Bath is a magnificent view of the county of Gloucef- ter, and a pretty eftate of the Codringtons, a fine country of hills and valleys. At Wells is one of the prettieft Gothic cathe- drals I have ever feen. A fine plain. The road from Bridge- water is very fine and level. It is better to take the road from hence to Exeter, there being few or no horfes to be had at Crediton. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. J25 REMARKS. 126 A JOURNAL OF From Alnwick toWARRINGTON through Bath and crofs- roads. Pofts. Diftaiice in Englifh Miles. Time on the Road. Local Observations. From London \ to Warring-/ ton by Salif-|> bury, Dor-V cheiler, &c, J London to -j Warrington > by Bath J London to 7 Alnwick 1 Z15 233 309 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 127 REMARKS. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 129 ADVERTISEMENT To the JOURNAL of a TOUR through SPAIN. 1HAVE already faid that I never was in Spain : this accounts for the difterence which the Reader will find in the method purfued for the defcription of the following route. I have, how- ever, endeavoured as well as I could to accommodate it to my plan ; fothat the whole difference co'afifts in fomewhatlefsprecifion for the time employed on the road, and in noting the inns. As for the rell, travellers will reap the advantage from the obferva- tions of M. De Voglie, which are replete with accuracy and. fagacity. 1 have blended them with thofe of two other travellers of my acquaintance, who have alfo ken that country within thefe 12 or 13 years pail. It may not be improper here to obferve, that there are no polls eftabliflied in Spain, except for the couriers, who travel on horfe- baclc : there are none at all for carriages. Each of them have different roads, which I have taken care to diftinguilh. If you would travel fafter than the ordinary pace of mules, you mull make your bargain before you fet out from Perpignan or Bayonne, to have relays between thofe cities and Madrid. The price of mules is about 15 livres of France per day for two mules and a chaife and a muletier, exclufive of their fubfiilence upon the road, and to go ten leagues per day, and fo for thereftof their journey in proportion. You Ihould take a fervant with you who can fpeak French and Spanilh, is accu Homed to the road, andean ferve as inter- preter, caterer, and cook. This precaution is almofl: indifpenfable ; becaufeyou will find nothing at the inns of Spain to eat, and you mull fend fomebodyon before to provide for you in all the towns you mean to flop at. At Bayonne and Perpignan are travelling beds, which are made to be fixed on the back of a mule : if you are not inured to fatigue, you cannot well do without one of them. If you have many mules and feed them, you muft pay 25 or 30 French fols per day for them. If you travel without relays, you will go on at a very flow pace, or at leaft at a gentle mule trot, which one of the muletiers al- ways accompanies on foot, each of them walking and riding alternately ; fo that in good roads you may make about 3000 French toifcs, or fomewhat lefs than four EngliQi miles, an hour : and in general this pace is very regular, as it is with the carriers of Italy and the Alps. K i$o A J O U R N A L O F From Perpignan to Madrid. From Perpignan to Boulou La Jonquiere Figueras Bafcara * Girona (a) Las Mallorquinas * Oftalric San Seloni La Roca Moncada Barcelona Molin de Rey Martorel * Pier a Igualada {l>) Porto Carifes Los Mefconcillos * Cervera Tarraga Mola rufa * Lerida Alcaraz ■K Fraga Candafnoz Bujaraloz Venta de S. Lucia Aguilar La Puebia Zaragoz A («) Fontana d'Oro. ll>) A good inn. Pofts. 7i league; 3 3 3 i 4 2 2 3 Time employ- ed on the Road. 5° 10 -5.S Local Observations. From Boulou to Jon~ quiere you crofs the Tec in a boat, and you then enter the Pyrenees. At the fummit of one of thefe mountains you will find two inns, and a chain which feparates the two kingdoms. Leaving Figueras you ford a fmall river, and crofs another in a boat before you arrive at Baf- cara. At Oftalric there is a very good inn. The roads of Catalonia are generally paffable, and the inns much bet- ter than in any part of Spain. A fine country, well peopled. Between Piera and Igualada you ford two fmall rivers. A fine country, well cultivated, good roads. Leaving Alcaraz you enter Arragon. A defert country, poor, and indifferently culti- vated. Delightful plain of Ebro. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. Names of Towns. REMARKS. PfiRPIGNAN GiRONA ostalric Barcelona Lerida The capital of Roufillon, with a ftrong cita- del, fituated three miles from the f^a upon the Tec, over which you pafs upon a fine bridge. The cathedral is Gothic, and very large. It is neceffary at this place to obferve the pre- cautions I have mentioned in the advertifem .mt. A large town, well-fcrtlfied, and fome agree- able walks without the town. Count de Bouflers (grandfather of the prefent Count), Governor of this place, died in 1750. A large and beautiful city, the capital of Cata- lonia, with a good port and citadel : commerce flouriflies here in its full extent. The city is about three miles in circumference. The ftreets are narrow, but well paved with flat ftones. It is advantageouily fituated on the borders of the fea, with a beautiful hill on one fide, and a fertile plain well watered on the other. There are many elegant houfes and public buildir.gs. i Jie cli- mate is pure and healthy, the foil fertile, and pro- vifions at a low price. Large men of war cannot enter the port. There is a fine fqur, e in the center of the city called La Rambia, wiiich is a public walk. Ciudad N ueva, aboui one mile from thence, is built with great tafle. At Bar- celona there is a manufaclure of fire and fteel- arms, another of v/oollen blankets and handker- chiefs ; an arfenal.and a cannoii-foundcry. The number of inhabitants is computed at about 140,000. A fmall town, ugly, but well-forlified. It e.xtends on one fide over part of a fmall hill, and on the other over a vale watered by the Segre. »32 JOURNAL OF ! I Time From Zakagosa to 'i po„npq ^"'P'^^' Madkid. ^^^^^"^^^-^d on the Road. From Zaragoza to Santa Fe Maria Lonffares Maynar * Daroca Ufed Tort u era Tartanedo Barbacil Aquilarejo Torremocha A Igor a Grajanejos * Tonija (a) Guadalajara (*) Alcala de Henarez Rejas Madrid (c) (a) Themoft decent and the bcft built inn upon the road . (d) A. very ^c.od inn in 1760, then kept by a Frenchman. (c) The Fontana d'Oro. 3 48 Local Observations. Saragofa is delight- fully fituate in p. plain encompaffed by moun- tains, and adorned with vines and plantations of trees. Maynar is only a hamlet, and from thence to Daroca the country is a mere defert, which produces nothing but rofemary, thyme, and other Ihrubs which ferve the inhabitants for fuel. Between Daroca and Ufed, you come to the fummit of a mountain from whence you difco- ver a very extenlive profpeft. Between Algora and G^rajanejos is a fpacious foreft of tall oaks. A country of vine- yards, olive and fig- trees. Between Guada- lajara and Alcala you ford two fmall rivers. From Alcala to Rejas is a fertile country, plea- fant, and well cultivat- ed. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 133 REMARKS. The capital of the kingdom of Arragon, fituate upon the Rbro, in a fertile and luxuriant foil. It is the refidence of a Viceroy, The Cathe- dral, the churches of the Ex- Jefuits, of St, Cajetan, &c. are remarkable. The tomb of St. Angran. The bridge over the Ebro is 600 feet : one arch of it is 100 feet wide. There is a tower which ftill bears the name of the New Tower, buiitby the Moors, and is 140 feet high. This little town is not badly built, it is fituate •at the foot of a pleafant vale, fertile, and well-wa- tered by a little river. The environs of the town prefent an agreeable landfcape diverfified with rocks, fome of which are a confiderable height. The inhabitants of this part of Caftille are in- duftrious, and the country is well cultivated. Provifions are at fo reafonable a price, that in fome parts two chickens fell for 12 ibis, and a dozen eggs for I fol. Near Algorayou pafs the mountains of Arragon ; and the land in fome places is fo elevated,, that they pretend that the higheft of thefe mountains is a mile above the lofcjelt of the Pyrenees One league from Guadalajara is the village of Val de Noches, pleaiantly fituated at the extre- mity of a valley. It is the birth-place of Ferdi- nand de Cortez. A royal manufaflory of cloths ; contains about 7000 inhabitants. C'omplutum. — This town was formerly famous for its univerfity, which is at prefent but little reforted to. Alcala has nqt now 6000 inhabitants, inllead or bo, 000 which it formerly had. A large and magnificent city, whofe inhr^bitants are computed at 165,000 fouls. It is the capital of Spainand NewCaitille, andfituated in a fancty plain, dry and badly cultivated. The flreets are handfome, ornamented with marble fountains and ftatues, neat and well-paved fince the acceffion of his prefent Majelly to the throne ; but they iwc badly lighted in comparifon of Paris or Londom. :34 A JOURNAL OF From Sakagosa to Madrid. Horfe or Mule Route. From Zaragoza to] La Muela j Venta de la Romera * Almunia * Frefno * Catalayud Bubierca Arcos Siguenza Fuencaliente Torremocha Almadrones Grajanejos For the reft, fee the pre- ceding route. Time j Leagues*r™^f^^°y'^; Local Observations. Road. ' 38 A fine, mountainous country, well cultivated, and aifording the moft agreeable landfcapes. A rich country, well watered. Fertile in vines, wheat, fruit, and olives. Catalayud is the an-? cient Bilbilis, the birth- place of Martial. From Arcos to Si- guenza you have a view of Medina- Celi. 1 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE, 135 Names of Towns. REMARKS. There is an Academy founded by Philip IV. and a public library. The Prado, which refembks .the Boulevards at Paris, in being without the city, and becaufe the company take an airing there in their carriages. The want of order and method in the plan of the new Palace, is made up by a profufion of painting and gilding : the building is fquare, with a court in the center, round which is a gallery in the manner of a cloifter ; the chapel is elegant and well decorated 5 there are fome fine ornaments of marble of La Mancha. The old palace of Buen-retiro; the public walks ; fome churches ; the circus ; the Plaza Mayor ; the Bull-fight ; the immenfe palace of the Duke of Medina-Celi, a building void of tafte. There are no hackney-coaches at Madrid; butcar- riages may be hired at 8 or 9 French livres per day, and calalhes drawn by men, at zo f. or a piezetta, the fare. The province of Arragon is fertile and well cultivated. The people live in the utmoft nm- plicity and uniformity. They are very induftri- pus, rife early, and labour without intermiffioii throughout the day ; but as foon as the fun is fet, they alTemble (men and women) from allparts to dance and fing with an ardour that would in.^ duce a foreigner who fhould fee them in the height of their diverfion, to believe them all mad. This cuftom is fo general in Spain, that were i poflible to look over the whole kingdom at the moment of twilight, you would fee the greateft part of the people capering with eagernefs to the found of the guitars, voices, and callanets, not excepting the old men and their children, who jnix among the dancers as long as they enjoy firength enough to partake of the general feftiyity. 13^ A JOURNAL OF From BAYONNEto Ma-I DRiD, thro' Saragofa to Leagues, Valencia. From Bayonne to * St. Jean de Luz Annoa Maya Berrueta Lanz * Oftiz Pamfloma Tafalla Caparofb Valtierra 4 3 \ Time employ edonthe Road 4 3° 30 Local Observatioi This route from Bay- onne to Pampeiuna is the worft, and almoft impaflable for carriages. The return thro' Vit- torio is preferable. Leaving St. Jean de Luz you enter the Py- renees, Beautiful val- lies, well cultivated ; vineyards and orchards, and (in the parts which are uncultivated) much wood. Berruetais abad inn, which is but too com- monly the cafe in Spain. Cultivated vallies ; many villages, and well- built ; bad roads. At Pamplona you put up at an inn in the great fquare. From Pamplona to Tafalla a good road in a well-cultivated valley ; green oaks, vines, and olive-trees. Next to Caparofo the province called Bardena begins, abfolutely un- cultivated, 3 leagues in length, and 30 in ■breadth. Neverthelefs you may fee fome flocks of fheep there. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 137 Names of Towns. Pamjplona Tafalla Valtierra REMARKS. Both fexes in this part of the Pyrepees are of ^ ftrong make, well-proportioned, healthy confti- tution, and well-clothed. A quarter of a league from Annoa there is a rivulet, which ferves as a boundary to the two kingdoms. Stands in a large valley or plain encompafled with mountains ; it is well fortified/' but rather too much commanded by fome of them. It is rather large, well built, and the Itreets are regular. A fmall town, furrounded by a wall and towers with battlements : half a league from Tafalla is a bye-road which leads to Olite, and rather lengthens the joQrney. A fmall town, very ba4Iy built. 13* A JOURNAL OF From Bayonne to Ma DRW, through Saragofa and Valencia- To Tudela Mallcn Alao-on Zaragoza La Muela Carinena Lechon Calamocha Vlllafranca Villarquemado Torremocha Caudete 3 45 3 30 6 5 30 3 Local Observations, Half a league from Tudela, the country is cultivated, abounding in Olives ; but from thence to Mallen it is unfruitful and uncul- tivated. The kingdom of Na- varre terminates at Mal- len ; from thence to Sa- ragofa the roads are not yet made. From Alagon to Sa- ragofa, an open plain, vines and olive-trees. From Saragofa to La Muela, mountains to the right and left, and fo on to Lechon, and little cultivation. From thence to Cala- mocha, is a heathy barren country, and rough ftony roads. A cultivated country, but v/ithout good pro- duce. A large plain termi- nated by mountains on either hand. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 139 Names of Towns. Tudela REMARKS. A confiderable town on the Ebro, containing 10 pariflies and g convents. The tower of the cathedral is of brick, and very high. The ca- nal of Tudela, begun under Charles V. is not yet finilhed. For an account of this town fee the firft route. Here you may hire calaflies with two mules for Valencia, at the rate of 20 piallres. It is abfolutely necellary to provide for your journey in large towns, nothing being to be prO" cured in the villages. In the roads through Spain they are totally ignorant of the ufe of butter and milk ; they ufe oil and lard i'or every thing — • no pulfe, except in great towns. On your arrival in a town or village, you muft fend a fervant to market, to the baker, S(C. to provide for you, for there is nothing to be had at the inns. As to the beds, none but the mule- drivers can lleep in them ; fo that, as you may not be much ufed to this hard manner of travelling, you ftiould take your bed with you, and have a fervant, who may go on before to buy provifions, and get them prepared for you, 140 A JOURNAL OF Sequel of the route from Bayonne to Madrid, through Saragoi'i and Valencia. From Caudete to Te- ") ruel and Puebia del ^ Valverde j Sarion Barracas 1 Xerifa j Segorbe Murviedro Cbiva Time employ- edontht Road. Local Observations, A barren and uncul- tivated country, roads almoft impafTablCj and very unfafe with refpedl to robbers. Las Barracas, the confines of the king- doms of Jimgon and Valencia. As you ap^ proach Xerifa, valleys well cultivated in vines, mulberry - trees, olive- trees, and Turkey corn. Better cultivated, lit- tle fertile valleys, but every where bad roads. This is the mofi; fer- tile part of Spain, 18 leagues in length and 3 in breadth. Here they gather filk, rice, the oil of olives, Turkey corn, hemp, and long pepper. It produces three diffe- rent crops in one year — wheat, Turkey corn, and pulfe, befides mul- berries and other fruit. Chiva is a confidera- ble country-town. From thence to Siete Aguas, a difficult road, afcending and defcending through narrow winding roads, full of rocks and loofe ftoncs. The country is uncultivated, and the mountains are barren. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 141 Names of Towns. Teruel Valencia REMARKS. A city and bifhopric, with a revenue of 40,000 piaftres ; and not one fingle glazed win- dow, even in the Epifcopal Palace, An ancient, populous, and floun{l.Ing city ; they reckon 80^000 fouls : it is delightfully fituatc upon the Guadalavir. The cathedral was formerly a Mooriili mofque. The town- houfe, the Palace of Ciutta and that of the Deputation, with feveral monuments of anti- quity, are worth feeing. The ftrcets are very narrow, but there are many handfome buildings ; neverthelefs, the city is not fo grand as one might expe£l from its being the capital of the richell: and rnofl: fertile province in Spain There are few or no glazed v,'indows ; and fuch as there are, at leaft arc of the very worit kind. It is very expenfive living at Valencia ; provifions are at an exorbitant price for a provincial town. Bread in 1775 was worth 4 fob tournois the pound, beef 7 fols/veal 8 fols, mutton 10 fols, common wine 5 fols, and wood fold for a fol the pound. 142 A JOURNAL OF Sequel of the route from Bayonne to Madrid through Saragofa Valencia. To Siete Aguas Utiel Villargordo Contreraz La MolIIla Olmedilla Almarcha Villar de Cannar Saelices Tarancoa Nobleza 3^ Local Observations. 30 From Siete Aguas to Utiel you enter into Caftille. The land is more even, but rather unfruitful. They have fine flocks of Ihcep in the plains. It takes two hours to afcend and defcend the mountain of Contreraz, by difficult and dange- rous roads, along the brink of tremendous and frequent precipices. In the environs of Molilla they grow much faffron. Between Olmedilla and Almarcha is a fine plain, well cultivated. You crofs the river Xu- car by a raft. The whole way to Villar de Canar is a fine plain. To Saelices, is a plain tolerably well cultivated, where however you fee neither tree, hedge, or ihrub, all the way. From Tarancon to Nobleza is a well culti- vated plain ; there are fome olive-trees near the town. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 143 Names of Towns. Aranjuez REMARKS. Between Almarcha and Viilar de Cannar you are but 10 or twelve ieagues from Tobofo. From Aranjuez to Madrid the 7 leagues are marked by ilones placed at half a league's diftance from each other; each league is 3,200 toifes. Aranjuez is one of the principal villa's of the King of Spain, where he pafies the fpring and the early part of the fummer. The palace is a iquare building, with a central court j the ftair- cafe is very large, but ill conftrudted : in 1775 two wings were added to the front. This palace is built vvith lefs tafte, and has iefs elFed than the caftles of Chantilly and Richlicu. 144 A JOUR N A L O F Sequel ot the roiuc iVom Bayonne to Madrid, through Saragofa and Valencia. To Aranjuez Val de Moro Madrid rime employ- edonthe Road. Local Observations. On approaching to Aranjuez the land be- comes lefs cultivated, and more hilly ; the Tagus runs through the valley. A fine avenue of elms from Aranjuez to Madrid ; and on this fide is' a fine view of the city of Madrid. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. Names of Towns. REMARKS. A j O U R N A L OF From Madrjd tp Bay-I oNNEthro' ValiatlolidLeagues^ and Burgos. I Time employ: don the Road. From Madrid to the Efcarial S. Idclfoni'o Segovia St. Maria de la Nieva Olmedo Valdellillas Valladolid Duenas Torquemada Villarodrigo Quintanillas de las Caritas Burgos ^ 30 10 Local Observations. 30 15 30 The feven leagues are marked by ftones placed at the diftance of half a league each. The Ef- curial is fituate near about the mid-way from the foot of a very high mountain. S.Idelfonfo is fituate in a valley encompafied with lofty mountains, which fhelter it from the heat of the fun. From St. Maria to Olmedo is a large plain, an ungrateful foil, cul- tivated with great care ; not a tree to be feen. At Olmedo you come into the great road which you quitted on leaving Madrid to go to the Ef- curial and S. Idelfonfo, which makes an addi- tion of ten leagues. An ungrateful foil, little cultivated ; a fandy bottom. There are a few pine-trees. All this country is rather barren, little cul- tivated, and unintereft- ing. The inhabitants feem poor an dmifer able, and the roads are bad. The foil begins to mend, and is better cul- tivated. The environs of Bur- gos are very pleafant, and the foil is tolerably fertile. TRAVELS THROUGH EURDRE. 147 Names of Towns. The EscuRiAL Idelfonfo Segovia Valladolid Burgos K' E M A R K S. At Madrid you hire a calaih with two mules for 3 piallres, to go in 10 days to Vittoria by the Efcurial and S. Idelfonfo. An immenfc building, which looks like a large convent : it is in the form of a Gridiron^ in allufion to the martyrdom of St. Lawrence, the Saint's-day when Philip gained the battle of St. Quintin. There are in the convent, which joins the palace of the Efcurial, 300 Jeronimite Monks. In the church are great rches, fine pic- tures, fuperb cielings, and a magnificent library. A villa of the King of Spain for his fummer refidence ; it .makes no great appearance, but is remarkable for its fine garden, where is a foun- tain ICO feet high. There is a manufadory of plate-glafs. A large town, with a fine aqueduft, the work of Trajan, and a large Royal Caltle. There is a fabric of fine cloths. A large, ugly, and ill-built city, wide ftreets, irregular and ill paved : there is an ancient pa- lace of the Kings of Spain, and a cathedral lit- tle worthy of curiofity. A large and rich town, the capital of Old Ca- fliiie, fituate partly on the declivity of the moun- tain, and partly on the banks of the river Alen- con. There are fomc irregular fquares. The ftreets are dirty, narrow, and ill paved. Tiie cathedral is a fine building, with many chapels richly decorated. A JOUR N A L OF <09 From Madrid to Bay- ONNE, thvo' Valladolid and Burgos. To Rodillas Bribiefca Pancorvo Miranda * Vittoria Mondragone Villafranca Tolofo Oyarzum St. Jean de Luz Bayonne I Time j Pofts. i^'^P^^X'iLocAL Observations. edonthe Road. O 2 5 30 5 30 A mountainous coun- try, and bad roads to Bribiefca. Quitting the moun- tain of Bribiefca, you enter a valley, which opens upon a plain well cultivated, but the roads are bad. When you reach Pan- corvo, you re-enter the mountains. The way to Miranda is through a valley, the roads of which have been lately repaired. Near Miranda you crofs the Ebro in a boat, A new road and well made from Miranda to Vittoria. From Vittoria to Mondragone you begin to enter the Pyrenees by a narrow valley. The environs of To- lofo is a country well cul«v tivated, with pleafant and pidurefque views. A great road, well made, and kept in good order. The river Bidaflba, which you crofs in a boat, is the boundary be- tween France and Spain. From the river-fide to St. Jean de Luz th« road is very bad. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 149 Kames of Towns. Vittoria. REMARKS. A pretty tovyn in B;fcay, fituate in a fine plain ; it carricf on a grpat trade. if ^5' JOURNAL OF From B.woNNE to RONCESVALLES. Leagues. From Bayonne to Mediondo St. Jean Pied de Port Roncefvalles Time employ- ed on the Road. Local Observations, A beautiful entrance into the Pyrenees, grand views, fine woods of oaks and chefnut- trees. A mountainous coun- try, with valleys well cultivated. About half-way is the Venta de Oriza, at the top of tl^e mountains. TR AV ELS THROUGH EUROPE. 151 Names of Towns. St. Jean Piedde Port Roncefvalles REMARKS. The capital of Lower Navarre. The village of Roncefvalles is celebrated for the defeatof the rear-guard of Charlemain's army, where fell the famous Roland. It is fituate at the foot of the mountains. From the Venta de Oriza you have a magnificent profpecl of thefe moun- tains. The road from Bayonne hither is dangerous for carriages. They put 12 oxen '.o a berlin, and even then you run great rifk ; it is mucH better to go on horfeback. F I N J S. 1^ I 'S3 ) INDEX: TABLE of CONTENTS, ADVERTISEMENT — Page ill Advertifement to this new edition — i< Comparative view of the lineal meafures of different Countries xii Account of Itinerary meafures — — xlv Account of the money of different Countries xvii The price of poft-horfes — — ?^xvii R O A D S. ]prom Edinburgh to London — r- — • a From London to Paris by Lifle •— — 6 From Calais to Paris by Amiens — — lO From Spa to Paris by Chaufontaine, Liege, &c. — i z From Spa to Aix laChapelle — ~ |6 From Liege to Spa by Forges ~ — • ib. From Paris to Lyon and Avignon ~ i8 From Paris to Lyon by Burgundy 22 From Paris to Tours — — 26 From Tours to Rochelle — p- — - 3P From Rochelle to Bourdeaux — 3« From Bourdeaux to Touloufe r-r ' — 34 From Touloufe to Montpellier — — 36 From Montpellier to Marfeilles — - — - 38 From Marfeilles to Nice — - — 42 Crofs-road from Calais to Dijon — - 44 From Nice to Genoa by It Col du Tende — 48 From Genoa to Bologna — — fp From Turin to Tortona — — 52 l^'rom Bologna to Florence — . — . 54^ rem Florence tp Rome ^ — 58 From ^54 INDEX. From Rome to Naples _ _ ¥rom Naples to Rome — - jj^ From Rome to Lorerto — ^2 From Loretto to Bologrna ~ From Bologna to Venice — ^5 From Venice to Milan — go From Milan to Turin — —.32 From Turin to Geneva g^^ From Chamberry to Lyons — • 35 From Geneva to SchafFiiaufen — 88 From SchafFhaufen to Vienna by Ulm, Augfbourg, Munich, &c. pp From Vienna to Prefbourg — — ^5 From Vienna to Prague — From Prague to Leipfig — jqo From Leipfig to Fotzdam and Berlin ^ ,02 From Berlin to Br unfwick and Hanover — ,04. From Hanover to Cologne — — . 106 From Cologne to Utrecht — , ^ jog From Utrecht to Amfterdam — i iq From Amfterdam to Bruffels — i . 2 From Bruffels to Calais ,j6 From London to Bath, and Briftol". — — From Belmont Caftle to Edinburgh — i2q From Alnwick to Warrington by Bath, crofs-road 122 Advertisement on the route to Spain — xzg From Perpign an to Madrid — — V-q From Sarragofa to Madrid — ' — i -,- From Bayonne to Madrid by Sarragofa and Valencia From M A D R I D to Bayonne by Valladolid and B urges 1 46 From Bayonne to Roncefvalles — — icq SUPPLEMENT: CONTAINING MANY NEW ROUTES. An Englifli Nobleman who has travelled much,an^I who had an excellent Perambulator to his chaife, has carefully taken down the following meafures, which he had the complaifance to communicate to me for the benefit of the Publk. There are fe- veral routes which are not contained in this Itine- rary meafured in miles and eighths of miles ; they mio"ht have been given in lelTer^ fractions, but that would have been needlefs, and I thought it was being fufficiently precife to give the difiiances within about an hundred toifesin 7 or 8 miles. Diltar.c C ill From Calais to Paris by Pofts. \ — — Englifli miles Time on Amiens. nd eighths of niles the road. -r- ■ 1 From * Calais to Hautbuiffon 1 \ 8 2 I 28 IVyTornnirf* — — ^ J ^ T A * 2 r -) *'-Bjulogne - - - 8 1 18 Samers \ 9 1 I 55 Cormont - 5 I 0 4$ * Montreuil \ il ■7 6 I 30 Nampont ^ 2 8 3 I zo * Beraay - - - 5 5 I 6 Nouvion - - 5 0 0 50 * Abbeville T I 2 8 3 I 35 D'Ailly T I 7 5 I ^5 * Flixcourt - - - 6 2 S Pequigny _ _ - T I ^ 2 6 2 I 0 Amiens . _ - 7 6 I 30 Hebecourt _ - . 6 I 0 50 Flers - - - 5 4 0 55 * Breteuil _ _ - ^ I ^ 2 7 6 I »5 Wavigny - _ - I I * 2 6 4 I 0 St. Juft - - 4 5 0 59 * Clermont 9 5 1 25 Lingueville 6 p 0 5<> * Chantilly J I 2 8 I I 30 Luzarche - r . I * 2 6 3 0 50 Ecouen - . - , I ^ -if 7 I I 30 St. Denis - - - 6 0 I 0 5 0 0 55 178 0 30 41 A JOURNAL Of From Paris to Tours. From Paris to Berny - - Longjumeaa Arpajon Etrechy ■* Eftampes Montdefir Angerville * Toury Artenay Cercottes . Orleans Clery Lailly St. Laur?nt Nouant - St. Diey Blois Choufy - ^ Veuve Hantchantier * Amboife La Friliere TovRs From Tours to Poitiers. From Tours Aux Carrez * Montbafon Sorigny Ste. Catharine :*.Ste. Maure Beauvais ^ Aux Ormes Ingrande - ^ Chatellei-aut Aux Barr^ de Nintre La TricheHe Clans Au Grand Pont Poitiers Pofts. Diftanee in Englifli Miles and eighths of Miles. 15 4 6 0 J 4 4 0 55 7 3 I 7 2 I 10 4 5 0 s 4 0 r J 5 4 0 J 4 50 8 I 16 6 -» »s S 6 I lO 9 3 20 4 4 0 27 4 6 0 47 3 0 0 2; 3 5 0 30 9 - 7 I 45 5 7 1 20 7 0 0 40 3 6 0 40 4 I 0 50 7 3 0 55 7 .2 I 0 138 6 22 34 c J 2 c 55 3 4 0 27 4 0 0 3" 3 6 0 30 4 6 0 45 4 0 0 35 5 0 0 45 7 3 I S 4 6 0 47 4 2 0 35 3 4 0 23 4 7 0 25 7 1 0 SS I « Time on the Road. TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 157 From Poitiers to BourDeaux. From * Poitiers to Croutelles Ruffigny Vivonne Aux Minieres Coiie Chaunay Maifons Blanches Ruffec Negres Manfle Touriers • Churet Angoulem2 Roulet Petignac Pontabrac Barbezieux Reignac La Grolle Chevaneau Montlieu Cherfac Pierrebrune Cavignac Bois Martin Cubfac Corbonblanc BoURDEAUX Pofts. Diftaace ii Engliih Miles and eighths of Miles. 33 136 158 A J O U R N A L OF From BouRDEAUx to Barreges From BouRDEAuxto Boufcaut LaPrade Caitres Birlade Barfac Langon * La Reole LaMotte Marmande Tonneins - . Aiguillon Port St. Marie Lufignan Agen Leirac Tambouret Leitoure Montaftruc AuCH Birnau Mirande Mieflan Rabafteins * Tarbes Lourdes Pierrefitte Barreges From AucH to Toulouse, From AucH to Aubiettc Gimont L'Ifle Jourdain L'Eguevin Toulouse - Pofts. Dillancc in Englifli M:les and eighths of Miles. 2 z 2 I I I ^ h 2 2 J 39 \ 2 r 2 I I 2 7 4 3 4 5 10 12 7 7 6 6 5 5 6 7 10 II 9 7 8 9 I r 12 12 12 207 10 4 1 1 8 1 1 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 155^ 1 From Toulouse to Montpel- LI ER. Pofts. ] Diftance in Snglifh Miles md eighths of Vliles. Time on the Road. From Toulouse to Caftanet X I 2 6 5 T / Baffiege I I Z 7 4 T A Villefranche I 6 A ■T I 6 Baftide I 2 7 7 Caftelnaudari I / 0 I Alzone 2 I Z 1 2 T 2 20 * Carcaffonne 2 1 0 2 0 Barbeyrac I I 2 8 6 I Mons I I 2 7 I I 9 Crufcades 2 8 6 I 43 Narbonne 2 8 4 - 2 10 Niffan - - - 2 1 1 I I 50 6 0 I 0 Begude de Jordy I 2 0 0 <£• 0 2 1 45 * Pezenas - - 3 I 5 Villemagne — - I 2 5 I 35 Loupian - - - /C 0 -O I 17 Fabregues 2 7 5 2 5 MONTPELLIER I I __2 /: 0 3 3** - 29 I 2 7 28 24 FromMoNTPELLrER to Avignon. From M^ONTPELLIER to 1 1 5 35 Colombiere J 2 8 Lunel 6 3 40 Uchault I 2 8 I 50 NiSMES - - - I 2 7 3 10 St. Gervafy 6 2 7 Remoulins 6 2 5 Avignon 16 6 4 30 10 59 12 57 i6o A J O U R N A L OP Frdtil Avignon to Lyons. Pofts. Diftance in Englifh Miles and eighths of Miles. Time on the Road. From AviGlNOK to Orange 3 I 2 0 4 45 La Palu 3 I 2 20 Pierelatte 0 0 * I 50 l)onzefre 0 0 I I 55 Monteliraare Q 0 0 2 30 L'Ain6 I 2 /; 0 0 50 Oriel I 2 7 4 J 40 La Paillaffe 6 4 I 35 * Valeftce I 2 6 4 I 5 Tein 1 1 2 2 45 St. ValHer 1 8 4 r 20 or. Kotnberc - I I 2 7 5 I 19 Toll of Ronffilbn 2 7 I I 45 Auberive 4 2 I 0 * Vienhe - 8 4 I Sl'mphorien I 2 5 2 I 0 St. Fohd 5 1 2 0 Lyons 4 4 I 19 I 2 H5 3 32 48 From Ltons to Geneva. From LYO^^s to Miribel 1 f r\ V (5 2 Montluel s 4 Q Mexiraieux I 2 7 0 1 0 St. Denys - I 2 7 I r 20 St. jean le Vieux 5 7 I 15 Cerdort I 2 8 2 I 30 St. Maitiii I 2 7 3 3 0 Nanc'ja 4 4 0 3*^ St. Gerniaiti - I 2 7 7 I * Chatillon r 4 5 I 5 Avanchv ■• i I 2 7 2 I 50 Coulonges 1 I 2 6 6 I 50 St. Genis ,. - a, 9 3 3 3 .Geneva 7 I I 2 19 98 3 21 \ 35 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. i6i Pofls. DUtance in EiigHfh Miles- and eighths of Milesr Time , on the Ro.id. From Geneva to *Rollc Leagues. 3 r 2 20 I 5 5 * Laufane 16 I 4 45 * Mo Lido t I 2 H 7 4 40 Pfllicrc — — z 13 6 2 55 * Morat 2 I I I r 5 2 3^ Bern 3 10 7 3 4 ^ boleurc ^ *" 3 21 0 0 Baleftein 2 12 4 5 30 Lieftal 3 »5 c 0 4 i 5° Baslb 2 10 2 3 SO 26 I 2 _ 152 7 42 49 From Basle to SHAfFHAusEN. From Basle to Steia 0 17 6 5 30 Brugg 0 14 2 3 5° * Baden I 6 2 2 0 H 3 4 10 Eglifaw 7 4 Shaffhausem 2 1 1 0 6 0 /y 26 FromSHAFFHAUSENtoKEMPTEN. Polls. From ShafFhaufen to Luganyan 2 1 2 0 4 0 Stockach 2 1 1 7 4 30 Diflendorf I I lO I 5 33 Altorf 2 14 3 4 50 Diernail - I / 3 Weingarten 8 r 3 0 Bergatreat - I 6 4 4 10 Leitkirch ~ - 2 3 6 0 KumerhofPea - , I I 2 12 2 4 10 I 7 4.. 2 30 ^5 M 104 , 0 43 0 i6z A JOURNAL OF From I\Empten to Trent. Pofts. i iJiltcincc in ; Time lEnglif]) Miles employ- jand eighths of tdonthc Miles. j Road. W eilbach. Fuefsn Heiterwang Lermes * Nazareth Earwis Dirf'tenbach InSP R UCK Schonberg Steinach Brenner Storzingen Mittevvald • Brixen Colman Teutfchen. Botzen Branzol Neumarch St. Michel Trent From Trent to Venice. From Trent toRoveredo Ala From Ala to Bery Volarni * V erona Caldero Montibello * Vice nza Slefiga Padua Dcio Fulina Venics J 7 7 I 1 0 I 2 I I 2 7 J I 8 0 2 1 0 J / / Q J lO 2 "> 0 J 8 2 2 2C J 7 ¥ A 1 J 8 2 ■JO I 7 2 J 8 J 0 6 5 2 5 9 5 2 50 9 7 2 33 7 7 2 30 1 1 I 2 20 6 3 2 ^5 7 6 2 50 8 0 2 Q n 1 3^ J I / I J 4 22 197 2 53 13 14 7 3 0 10 3 2 20 25 2 5 20 I I 0 I 44 9 I 2 20 1 2 7 2 50 8 6 2 0 t 2 12 0 I 50 10 6 I 50 10 7 I 40 10 0 I 50 I 2 1 1 0 I 3° L 2 1 1 2 I 28 5 0 I I Z '37 7 23 22 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 163 Pofts. Diftance in En^lHh Miles and eighths of Miles. Time on the Road. — .. From Bon Porta, to ^^odena I : 8 7 2 ^5 S3,rno^ia. — I I 2 12 4 2 20 ^1 \J Lj\J \J IN f% I I 2 10 6 2 0 ^ tOTXi HoLOG N A toLoRETTO* 4 32 I 6 From Bologna to St. Nicolo I 4 9 I 34 ^ Imola I 4 0 2 1 0 Faenza 9 4 I 40 Forli - - - 9 4 I 20 Cefena - " 2 / 2 2 r Savignano 8 3 I 55 * Rimini 0 c J I 4.2 Catolica . _ _ 1 1 7 2 ^5 Pizaro 10 0 3 21 * Fano - - - 7 4 I 24 Amarotto 7 5 2 0 I 5 ' 7 2 5 7 4 2 15 Ancon3. ^ — "* 8 7 3 0 Ca.mura.no — 6 6 2 35 1 /-> r> r? np f\ H mm 8 I 2 30 17i*nm T.r\RV'T"T'n tn TvAMP. 17 143 2 34 1 1 FromLoRETTO to Sambuchetto I 0 3 2 37 Macerata (J 3 2 Tolentino - - 1 2 1 1 I 3 0 Vakimara 8 I 3 0 Ponte della Trava 7 4 I 45 Seravalle 7 3 2 12 Cafanuova 9 5 2 30 • Foligtio 9 0 3 30 Levene - - 8 7 2 0 * Spoleto 7 4 I 45 Strettiira 9 2 2 40 ^- Terni 7 7 I 45 * Narni 8 3 I .49 Otricoli 8 6 2 0 Borghetto I ■4 3 I 10 164 A JOURNAL OF From LoRETTO to Rome. Polls. Di fiance in Engllih Mild and eighths 0! Miles. Time on the Road. rrorn xsorgnetto 10 v^iviia / - Cailcllano ' j 0 I I G Rjgnano • * I 7 4 l*?! fi"p] n 11 nvo — V> dlL^ 1 1 1 U V/ V ^ I 6 0 a] ucr y UCLtO ^ ■* 5 Q Pnina Porta " 4 4 4 Ro ME - - » I 6 0 21 0 161 c J From * Foligno to Madonna 1 5 deila Angela j I 9 2 5 * Perugio J 1 1 I 2 25 Torricello I ^3 0 2 5^ Pieve Confini J 9 0 2 10 From Madonna della Angela 1 to Foligno by Anfi J I 1 1 7 3 0 From Rome to Naples. From Rome to Torre I 0 2 'Marino _ - - I 0 2 15 Faiolo - - , - I 2 4 0 10 ^ Velletri 4 5 2 12 Ciilerna I I 9 0 30 Sermoneta I 5 £, 50 Cafenuove I Q 0 40 Piperno 1 c Q 18 Limaruti 1 7 45 * Teiracina I 7 3 30 Fondi 1 2 1 1 6 10 Itrl . - - - I 7 4 18 * Mola de Gaeta I 4 4 Garlgliano I 8 I ^5 St. Agata I 9 2 2S Francoiefi I 9 7 25 * Capaa - - - r 8 6 22 Averla by * Capua Antica 1 12 5 2 0 Naples I 1 1, 4 I 25 From Naples to * Cazerta * Capua 19 ig 6 I 7 2 40 FroraRoME to * CiyitaVccchia 26 0 44 I 8 0 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 165 Names of Towns. From Rome to Florence, From Rome to La Storta Baccano — Monte Roft — Roriciglione Montagna di Viterbo * Viterbo — - Monre Fiafcone ■— Bolfena — - St. Lorenzo — * Aquapendente — — Ponte Ceniino Radicofani — Ricorfi — — . La Scala Torrinieri Buonconvcnto — . Monterone •— Siena ■ Caftiglioncello Poggiobonzi • Tavcrnello — S. Caffian — FLORENCE — * From Florence to Lerici. From Florence to Prato Piftoia _ — Borgoborgiano — - • Lucca " — * Pisa • From Pisa to Leghorn From Pisa to Torretta Via Reggia — — Pietra Sariila — — • Mafia — Lavenza ■ Lefano — • Lerici Pofts. Ditlauce in Esiglilh Milef ,ind eighths ofj Miles. Time on the Road. 9 8 6 9 6 S 10 8 4. 6 ? 8 5 4 9 5 7 8 10 6 7 I 4 3 o 6 I o 3 7 I o 5 6 4 o 5 3 6 I. 4 3 2 7 171 2 9 4 2 5 I 1 9 2 2 10 2 10 5 2 0 I I 'i »2 7 2 40 2 14 6 2 4.0 X >4 2 2 30 I 5 6 1 34 I 8 2 2 S f 6 6 1 10 I 7 7 2 20 I 5 4 I 0 I 6 6 I 45 I 4 4 45 20 45 2Q 5 43 29 o o 35 20 35 2 20 55 30 18 2 4 28 40 47 i66 A JOURNAL OF Names of Towns. From Lerici to Gekoa. From * Lerici to Spatia by water . Leftri Portofino — Nervi . — . Genoa — — From Genoa to Parma. From Genoa to CampoMarone Vcltaggio — - * Novi , Tortona . Vogherra — . Pavia Cafelpi Stallngo — . * Piacenza — Fiorenzuola — - Borgo St. Domino - Cartel Guelfo — . Parma — From Parma to Milan. From Parma to Cafal Majore St. Pieiro Medicale — Piero de St. Giacomo — * Cremona -— - — PizighetoBi — — Zorlefco — — * Lodi . — Marignano — — B'ilLAIi! — — — Pofls. Diilance in Engl i ill Miles and eighths of Miles. — 1 ime on the Road. 7 0 30 0 10 0 '3 0 7 0 67 10 I 2 I i I I JO 19 9 H o Staten ^3 4 29 Kaufbeyren 12 3 2 35 Buckloch - 15 5 3 2 Schwabmuchen 11 I 2 26 ^UGSBOURG tr T 2_ '5 4 3 Z »i i i 29 7 3^ Fromx^u G s b 0 u r g to Meitingen H . 0 20 Donawert . I '■ 2 13 2 2 23 Monheim 10 7 2 26 Dietfort 8 5 I 29 JBleinfeldt 12 5 2 45 KOtil - 12 2 4 3 Scliwabach. f 7 3 I 46 NuKEMBERG •» • 9 7 I _32 9 88 7 "7? ~" -If From Nuremberg toFarnbach I 7 6 I 50 Langanzen 6 2 I 35 Oberzen r T ^ 17 3 5 30 Rottenbourg 17 4 3 40 Kirchburg T I 2 17 7 4 0 * Hall T I ^ 2 H 6 3 33 Oetingen T 1 ^ 2 ^7 2 6 3 f Hailbrow r 14 7 3 58 113 5 9 JOURNAL OF Names of Towns. from Hailbrow to M a n h e i m . .From * Hailbrow to Fuhrfield Sintzeim Wiefeloch r * Heidelbergh From Manheim to Francfort. From Manheim to Worms Oppenheim Mayence Elderfhcira Francfort From Francfort to Cologn. From Francfort to Ko- ^ ningfburgh - 3 Wierges * Limburg Montebauer . - Coblentz Andernaught Jlemangen Bonn i-'OLOGN Pofts. Diftance Englifli Milt.^ and eighths of Miles. 12 9 4 I o o 9 7 9 o 9 4 1 50 2 S 2 10 2 25 51 7 10 8 13 4 'S 4 12 0 II 4 10 6 2 40 2 45 2 25 2 7 2 20 63 t J± ^ 11 7 2 5S 12 13 :''3 12 13 13 13 16 Time on the Road. 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2Q TRAVELS THR.OUGH EUROPE. 171 Names of To'.VNs. From CoLOGN toBoifleduc.^ From CoLOGN to Bergen liinnig Gangeld * Maeftrick Bree Achelcn Eyndhovcn * Boifleduc From Dieppe to Abbeville. From* Dieppe toVille d'Eau TrelTenville ^ Abbeville From Abbeville to Rheims. From ^ Abbeville to Ailly Flixcourt Pequigny Amiens Morcuil Moiitdidier Cavilly Mouchemiens * Compeigne * Jaulzy * Soiflons Braine From Draine to Fifme Jonehery Pofts. Diitaiice in Englilh Mileb anfi eighths of Milei5. H 21 10 139 13 9 11 36 5 8 12- 10 9 6 5 I r 1 1 1 1 I 2 TT Time on the Road. 30 23 42 4z 5 37 8 20 21 24. 45 20 45 iq 5* 52 12 52 _tL _li 22 59 _i9 26 A J O U R N A L OF Names of Towns. FrOmRHEIMS tX)STRASEOURG, From Rheims to Petites Loges * Chalons Chaufee Francois Farremont - , Pertes - * St. Dizier S^ldroup •Bar Ligny St. Aubin Void Layes - , * Toul Villains Nanct Domballe * Lunevillc Benaminy Blamont Heming * Saarbrugh Homarten • Phillbourg Saverne Wiltom Stiffen Strasbourg Pofts. Diftaiice in ?pg!;ni Miles ind eighths of z - 20 2 O 2 I o I 28 O 57 0 42 0 35 20 34 2'2 I 0 20 4 II 7 ^5 50 45 30 38 46 o 53 0 48 o 53 1 22 2 3 I 9 I 13 TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 175 J-MAMEa 01 J. uw Nb. Pofts. Ditlaiicc m Eng'iih mile? md eighths of Time e ill ploy- ed on the . Road. From Strasbourg to AucssaukG. To Kehl Q I Bifhoflheim 8 4. 1 At StolhofFen, 10 c r Q Ratltatt 1 1 4 5 Edinghen lO I 1 Durlach 5 3 I I * Pforzheim I I Z 14 6 3 iinzwanghea L 2 IS I 4 Canftadt i 14 0 3 3^ Blockincrhen - i 14 0 2 Goeppinghen - - 1 2 2 3 36- Geillinghen Wefterfteiten 1 2 I 2 50 1 2 c J 3 40 Ulm 1 0 4. 45 Gunfburg - , - I 2 T r ^5 3 3S Zufmarlhaufen I 2 i AUGSBOURG I 2 16 i 4 35 20 I 200 3 From Kerapten to Basle, From * Kempten to Eicholz I Menninghen J 2 I I "I 3 10 Ochfenhaufen 15 I 3 • 10 hibrach I s 1 3 7 Waldfee - 14 I 3 0 rvlimenhaufeu - 9 2 , 2 ■ 45 * Stochach »7 4 6 0 Engen 13 4 3 50 Shaffhausen X I 2 6 4 0 Lauckingen 5 4 LaufFenbourg i6 2 4 0 Mumph 7 S I 50 Basle __3__ 4 10 % f63 3 J74 A JOURNAL OF Names of Towns. From Basle to BefFort. From Basle to St. Louis Altkirck Chavanne BelFort From Beffbrt to Langres. From BefFort to Frayet Rongchamp Lure Calmoutier ^ Vefoul FortSurSaone Combeau Sain trey Faybillot GrifFonottes Langres From Langres to St. Dizler. From Lakgres to Vefaigne Chaumont Vignoris Joinville Neuvilie * St. Dizier Polls. I 3 2 I- i Diftance in Englifh Miles and eighths of Miles. >5 i 9 1 1 32 5 6 7 1 1 9 7 7 7 5 7 10 JO 10 10 12 1 68 Tune employ- ed on the Road. O 30 2 O 2 25 2 5 14 5a TRAVELS THROUGH EUROPE. 175 Names 01 lovfNS. Pofto. Diftancc in Englilh Miles •md eighties of Miles. Time employ- ed on the Road. From Rheims to Mardyke. From Rheim^ toBericoa 2 5 3 5 Corbeny 1 5 0 0 AO * Laon 2 I 2 3 2 Creci _ - - 1 r 2 n y 4 I 4-C La Herie I I 2 1 0 I 2 I* Guife I 4. Etreux I I 2 6 2 I 30 Landrecy - - 2 1 1 0 55 Quefnoy I I 2 9 . 3 45 bt. Walt I I 2 10 2 6 * Mons 2 I_ 15 3 Cateau 2 6 4 z Tubife - I I 6 5 12 Brussels 2 I 2 0 30 Malines 2 i. ^5 5 5^ Antwerp 2 I 2 »5 3 Mardyke. 39 3 10 ii 209 7 4i I 3 i E N D of the SUPPLEMENT. TABLE of theROUTES OF THE SUPPLEMENT. FROM Calais to Paris 155 From Paris to ours 156 From Tcurs to Poitiers ib. From Poitiers to Bourdeaux 157 From Bourdeaux to Barreges 1 5 8 From Auch to Touloule ib. FromTouIoLife toMontpel!leri59 From Montpellier to Avignon ib. From Avignon to Lyons 160 From Lyons to Geneva ib. From Geneva to Ba/le 161 Frojn Bade to Shaffhaufen ib. Fr6mShafFhaufen toKemptenib. From Kempten to Trent 162 From Trent to Venice ib. From Bologna to Loretto 163 From Loretto to Rome ib. From Rome to Napres 164 From Rome to Florence 165 From Florence to Lerici ib. From J.erici to Genoa 166 From Genoa to Parma ib. From Parma to Milan 166 From Milan to Verona 167 From Verona to Padua ib. From Venice to Trent j6S From Trent to Infpruck ib. From Infpruck to A uglbourg 169 Fro m A uglbourgtoN urem bergi b. FromNurembergtoHailbrow ib. From Hail brow toManheim 170 From Manheimto Francfort ib. From Fran cfort to Cologn ib. From Cologn to BoiUcduc 171 From Dieppe to Abbeville ib. From Abbevilie to Rheims ib. From Rheims to Strafbourg 172 FromS trafbourg to A uglbourg 1 7 3 From Kempten to Bafie ib. From Baile to Bejflbrt 174 From Be{fon to Langres ib. From Langres to St. Dizier ib. From Rheims to Mardyke 175 POPULATION OF S OME PRINCIPAL TO W N S I N F R A N G E. 4 In 1762. R. OUEN 63,588 fouls. Riom I '.3 25 Clermont 20,888 Measured Distances from Paris to Tours in Toifes. From the center of Paris to Arpajon, at the Dauohin Trf i g From Arpajon to Etampes, at the Goq ,0!",^ From Etampes to Toury, at the Grand Cerf . ,6r6r From Toury to Orleans, at the Dauphin . , From Orleans to the bridge of Blols by St. Die^s zqaou From BIois to Amboife, at the Cheval Rouge - ,720^ From Amboife to the Poft at Tours, at Simphorien , 223^ 58930 Difference between Orleans and Paris and Orleans to Tours 627 According to Mr. Briffon (who meafured this route with a perambulator), each league of 25 to a degree is 2282! toifes, and the true diftance from Paris to the Poft at Tours is ci lea^rues 2071 toifes. ^ [THE END OF M. DUTENS' JOURNAL.] APPENDIX: CONTAlisriKG THE ROADS of ITALY: WITH SOME USEFUL TABLES and HINTS to STRANGERS who TRAVEL in FRANCE. TABLES NECES-SAJIY FOR ALL GENTLEMEN WHO MAKE THE TOUR of ITALY*: CONTAINING A REGULAR ACCOUNT of the POSTS, the PRICE of POST- HORSES, and of the PRINCIPAL INNS, as well inthe TOWNS as on the ROADS, with their REGULATD CHARGES. To the READER. ROUSSEAU has faid,thatit is the lot of therich always to be cheat- ed and ill-ferved on the road. No peribn can experience that truth more than thofe Gentlemen who travel in foreign Countries. They find themfelves, as it were, in a new world ; and being unable to examine every thing themfelves, they are compelled to deliver themfelves blindly into the hands of their valet, or to rely on the probity of poftiilions and innkeepers, who are perpetu4i]y on the watch to pick the pockets of thofe who travel poll ; and efpeciaily when they are Englifn Gentlemen. For it is fufficient for them to know that it is My Lord for them to fay, as the Oreillons in Can- dide fay of the Jefuit, *' Let us eat on, my Lord ; let us eat on, my ** Lord." It is for this reafoni believe myfelf to do an agreeable thing to the Public, in prefenting to them the following Tables, by means pf which thofe Gentlemen who travel will be no longer exppfed to be duped on the road, and will be enabled to travel more agreeably, as well fis more at their eafe I have taken paiqs to point out the beft roads and thq beft inns, with their regulattd charges, Sue which have beep digefted with the greateft exadnefs. * Thefe Tables arc generally attributed to the Right Honourable thg Earl of Bute. ( + ) PRICES of TRAVELLING In the STATES of PIEDMOI^JT. ^ Livres Sols TTOR two chaife-horfes 7 money of Piedmont y - - 710 For a faddle -horfe 1- t - 2 iq For a poftillion - ^ ^ i 10 In the STATES of MILAN, Paules For two chaife-horfes - « - 14 For a faddle horfe - ^ r 5 For a poftillion ^ - " 3 In the STAT For two chaife-horfes, 7 money of Genoa j For a faddle-horfe For a poftillion S of GENOA, Livres Sols 8 Q 3 - I IQ In the STATES of PARMA and PLACENTIA, Pauley por two chaife-horfes ■» " 'S For a faddle-horfe - r 5 For a poftillion » - « ^ In the STATES of the POPE. Paules For two chaife-horfes _ _ _ S For a faddie-horfe - - _ ^ For a poftillion - - _ j In the KINGDOM of NAPLES, Carlins For two chtiife-horfes - - - 11 For a faddle-horfe - - - ^ |. For a poilillion - - _ ^ ( 5 ) In the STATES of TUSCANY. Paules por two chaife-horfcs - - S for a faddle-horfe - - - - 3 For a poftillioa - - - - 3 In the STATES of VENICE. Livres For two chaife-horfes - - - 15 For a faddle-horfe - - - 5 For a poftillion - - - "3 N.B. In the States of Venice yon may take a ticket, which they call Cambiatura, on producing which you pay only eleven livres for two chaife-horles. REDUCTION of the MONEY of ITALY to that of FRANCE. Sols The carlin of Naples is worth - ■ 7 i France The paule - - 1 2 of France The livre of Venice - - 1 2 of France The livre of Turin . - 24 of France The livfe of Genoa - 15 of France The ROAD from TURIN to MILAN Pofl. From Turin to Settimo, a RoyaJ Pofl: — i | From Settimo to Chivafco — — i i From Chivafco to Cigliano — — i From Cigliano to San Germano — - — — i From San Gerraano to Vercelii — — 1 X From Vercelii to Novara — — 1 From Novara to Buffalora — — i From Buffalora to St. Pierre I'AImo — — I From St. Pierre 1' Almo to Milan — — i The Inns on this Road are, the Three Kings, at Vercelii ; the poll-houfe, at Novara ; the poft-houfe, at Buffaloi-a j th? Three Kings and the Well, at Milan. N 4 ( 6 ) I z The ROAD from BOLOGNA toANCONA. Poft. From Bologna to St. Niccolo, a Royal Foil j r From St. Niccolo to Imola — , From Imola to Faenza - — From Faenza to Forli __ From Forli to Cefena — * r From Cefena to Savignano — « i * From Savignano to Rimini 1 From Rimini to La Cattolic^ — ^ j r From La Cattolica to Pefaro — ^ ^ ^ From Pefaro to Fano j From Fano to Amarotto . . ' , . . , j From Amarotto to Sinigaglia — . j From Sinigaglia to Cafe-bruciate, or, the Burnt-houfes i From Cafe-bruciate, or, the Burnt-houfcs, to Ancona i The Inns from Bologna to Ancona are, the poft-houfe,at Imola; the poil-houfe, at Faenza J the poft-houfe, at Cefena; the poft- houfe, at Rimini ; the poft-houfe, at Pefaro ; the poft-houfe, at l^ano ; the poft-houfe, at Sinigaglia ; the poft-houfe, at Ancona ; and an inn without the gat^s of this town. The ROAD from MILAN to BOLOGNA. Poft. From Milan to Marignano, a Royal Poft j X From Marignano to Lodi j From Lodi to Zorlefco — »_ j From Zorlefco to Piacenza i From Piacenza to Firenzola — , From Firenzola to San Domino — ■ _ , From Bcrgo San Domino to Caftel Guelfo i From Caftel Guelfo to Parma — i From Parma to St. Hilario ; — — j From St. Hilario to Reggio ^ I From Reggio to Rubiera ^ i From Rubiera to Modena i From Modena to Forte Urbano i From Forte Urbano to Somoggia — i X From Somos":ia to Bolotrna t ? The beft inns from Milan to Bologna ^re the following : The Sun, and out of its gates, the Cat, at Lodi ; the Saint Marie and the Three Jews, at Piacenza ; the poft-houfe and the Pea- cock, at Parma ; the ppft-houfe and the Lilly, at Reggio ; the Albergo, &t Modena ; the Pilgrim, a very good inn where paifen^ers are well treated, and the St.'Mark, at Bologna. ( / ) ROAD from R O M E to A N C O N A. From Rome to Prima Porta — I Frpm Prima Porta to Borghettacio — | From Borghettacio to Caftelnuovo f From Caftplnuovo to Rignano •— i From Rignano to pivita Caftellana I From Civita Caftellana to Borgetto — f From Borgetto to Otricoli |; From Otricoli to Narni — - | From Narni to Temi ^ ? From Ternito Strettura — ? i From Strettura to Spoleti i From Spoleti to Le Vene — ' i From Le Vene to Foligno i From Foligno to Cafe Nuove -r^ I From Cafe Nuove to Serravalle , — • i From Serravalle to Ponte alia Trave — - % From Ponte alia Trave to Valcimarra — i From Valcimarra to Tolentino — I From Tolentino to Maccrata i § From Macerata to Sambucheto — i From Sambucheto to Lorettp — i . From Loretto to Camurano — I From Camurano to Ancona rr-r i The inns from Rome to Ancona are, the poft-houfe, at Civita Caftellana; the poft-houfe, at Terni ; the poft houfe, at Spoleti; the poft-houfe, at Foligno ; the poft-houfe, at Serravalle ; the poft-houfe, at Tolentino; the poft-houfe, at Macerata ; thepoftr houfe and the Bell, at Loretto. There are no inns, as in other places, at Rome ; but there are a great number of private houfes, where you pay by the day or by the month, and where you are very well lodged and well attended. With regard to eating, there are cooks who furnifh you at a price agreed on between you, The perfons who lodge ftrangers are, Mefl". Depre, Benedent ; Madame Stuart ; Monf. Meno, an Englifti taylor ; Monf. Pio, at the fign of the City of London, in the Piazza di Spagna ; Monf Damon, and feveral others, /ill thefe lodging-houfescan contain an entire family, or will ferve fwo or three ^eritlemei} very well. ( 8 ) ROAD from ROME to NAPLES. From Rome to Torre-a-Mezzavia — From Torre-a-Mezzavia to Marino — From Marino to Molera — — From Molora to Valmontone ~ ^ From Valmontone to Caftelraarco •— — From Caftelmarco to Ferretino — . From Ferretino to Torci — — . From Terci to Ceprano — From Ceprano to Ponte Corvo ~ From Ponte Corvo to Le State — ^ From Le State to Garigliano — From Garigliano to Bagai From Bagni to Caftelle From Caftelle to Patria From Patria to Pozzolo From Pozzolo to Naples, ROAD from R O M E .to NAP L E S. Fo£ From Rome to Torre-a-Mezzavia From Torre-a-Mezzavia to Maiino From Marino to La Faiola From La Faiola to Velletri From Velletri to Cifterna From Cifterna to Sermoneta From Sermoneta to Cafe Nuove From Cafe Nuove to Piperno From Piperno to Oileria Maruti From Ofteria Maruti to Terracina From Terracina to Fondi From Fondi to Itri From Itri to Molo di Gaera prom Molo di Gaeta to Garigliano From Garigliano to St. Agata From St. Agata to Teano From Teano to Capua From Capua to Averfa From Averfa to Naples The inns from Rome to Naples are, the poft-houfe, at Velletri; the poii-houfe, at Terracina j the poil-houfe, at Molo ( 9 ) di Gaeta ; thepoft-houfe, at Capua ; and at Monf. Stephano de Rofa's, at the lign of Saint Lucia, in Naples. This houfe is very convenient, very neat in every particular, and fituated on the banks of the fea. There is alfo the moft agreeable profpeft which can be found any where, and the apartments are fuffi- ciently numerous for feveral families without incommodiug eack other, being three llories high, with a balcony to each apart- ment which goes over the fea. Mr. Manuel has alfo a very good houfe at Chiaja, on the borders of the fea, and entertains very well. The ROAD from NAPLES to MESSINA. Poft. from Naples to Torre del Greco, a Royal Poft From Torre del Greco to Nocera From Nocera to Salerno ■ — From Salerno to T. Pinta — — — From T. Pinta to Eboli From Eboli to Lo Scorfo — . — ■ ■- From Lo Scorfo to Auleta — — From Auleta to Sala ■ • From Sala to Cafanuovo — . From Cafanuovo to Lago negro — - . From Lago negro to Lauria «- " — From Lauria to Callellucia ■ From Caftellucia to Rotonda ' • — - From Rotonda to Caltrovillore From Caftrovillore to Efare — Fio:n Kfare to Regina — ■ From Regina to Cofenza — - from Cofenza to Bo-lito — — — . From Belito to Fondalo del Fico — — - — From Fondalo del Fico to Monte Leone — i- From Monte Leone to St. Piero — ^ — From St. Piero to Dorfi ■ From Dorfi to Seminara ■ — From Seminara to Paflb di Solano From Paffo di Solano to Fumara di Mori From Fumara di Mori to MeiTina The inns on this road are very fcarce and very bad. The bcft ave at Salerno, Lauria, Cofenza, and Monte Leone. The ROAP from MILAN to GENOA. From Milan to Binafco, a Royal Poll ■ t ^ From Binafco to Pavia — — — " i From Pavia to Pancarana — — . j From Pancarana to Voghcra — i From Voghera to Tortona — ^ — j From Tortona to Novi — ^ j. From Novi to Ottagio — — ^ i From Ottagio to Campomarone — — x From Campomarone to Genoa — — i The inns from Milan to Genoa are, the poffc-houfe, at Pavia; the Blackmoor, at Voghera; the poft-houfe, at Tortona; the poft-hoJife, at Ottagio ; and the fign of the Crofs of Malta, a| Genoa. From Genoa to Pifa the roads are fca-rcel/ paflable on accoimt of the mouritains ; and that road only on horfeback. You ought therefore to embark with your fervants at Genoa for Lerici ; and for that purpofe you may avail yourfelf of the packet-boats which convey the Couriers from Genoa and France to Lerici. If the Couriers have already failed^ it will be npceffary to hire a felucca to crofs over. The ROAD from GENOA to PISA. Poll. From Genoa to Recco ' — From Recco to Rapallo — «— — From Rapallo to Chiavari ~ — From Chiavari to Seftri di Levante — — From Seflri di Levante to Braco — — From Braco to Materana •— — — • From Materana to Borghetto — — From Borghetto to Spezia — From Spezia to Sarzana »— ^ — , From Sarzana to Lavenza — From Lavenza to Mafia — •— From MafTa to Pietra Santa — — — From Pietra Santa to Viareggio — — From Viareggio to Torretta From Torretta to Pifa — , — — The inns from Genoa to Pifa are in the Golph della Spfezia, at Lerici; the poft-houfe, atMafTa; the poft-houfe, at Viareggio; the Three Miffes and the HulTar, at Pifa. The ROAD from LEGHORN to FLORENCE. From Leghorn to Pifa — — 2 From Pifa to Fornaceite — i From Fornacette to Caftel del Bofco t From Caftel del Bofco to La Scala •— j From La Scala to the poft-houfe della Imbrogiana i From the poft-houfe della Imbrogiana to La Laftra — i From La Laftra to Florence — — r The befl: lodgings at Leghorn are at Monf. Brano's in the High-Street, and at the Golden Star ; at Fornacette, the ^'polt- houfe ; at Scala, the poft-houfe. The lodgings at Florence are the Hotel, or Locanda, of Monf. Carlo, where all kinds of foreign gentlemen are re- ceived. There are three great palaces, fituated oppofite to each other, one of which looks upon the quays, between the two bridges, and has the mofi: pleafing profped; in the whole town. Several families can lodge there conveniently, and without in- commoding e.ich other; they have very elegant apartments, and every kind of conveniencics. This inn is accounted the beftia all Italy. Mr. Vannini has likewife a very good inn, where there are vei > handfoine apartments capable of lodging feveral families. There is likewife the Black Eagle, and the auberge de St. Louis. ROAD from LEGHORN to FLORENCE. Poft From Leghorn to Pifa * - 2 From Pifa to Lucca - » 2 From Lucca to Borgo a Buggiano • , t X From Borgo a Buggiano to Seravalle From Seravalle to Fiftoia - « From Piftoia to Prato ^ - From Prato to Sefto c _ ^ From Sefto to Florence 2, ( t2 ) Road from p i s a to p o g g i S o n ^ i. From Pifa to Fornacette - * j From Fornacette to Caftel del Borco - j From Cailel del Bofco to La icala - - i From La Scala to Cambiano - - ^ From Cambiano to Poggibonli . * ^ ROAD from FLORENCE to R O M E ■ Port. From Florence to St. Cafliano, a Royal Poft From St. Caffiano to Tavernelle - * From Tavernelle to Poggibonli - - From Poggibonfi to CalHglioncello From CalHglioncello to Siena * * From Siena to Montaroni From Montaroni to Buon Convento From Buon Conventoto Torrinieri From Torrinieri to Scala From Scala to Ricorli - - * From Ricorfi to Radicofani . * _ From Radicofani to Ponte a Centino From Ponte a Centino to Acquapendente From Acquapendente to Sail Lorenzo From San Lorenzo to Bolfena From Bolfena to Montefiafcone From Montefiafcone to Viterbo From Viterbo to Ofteria - - - From Ofteria to Ronciglione - - - From Ronciglione to Monte Roll From Monte Rofi to Baccano From Baccano to Storta . - - From Storta to Rome _ . ^ The inns from Florence are, the poft^houfe, at Tavernelle } the poft-houfe, at Poggibonfi ; the Three Kin?s (a good inn), at Siena ; the poll-houfe, at Radicofani j the poft-houfe, at Viterbo j and the poft-houfe, at Ronciglione. ROAD from FLORENCE to FOLIGNO. Poft. From Florence to Apparita, a Royal Poft - i ^ From Apparita to Pian della Fonte - - i ^ X Oil • From Plan della Fonte to Levane From Levane to Arezzo ~ From Arezzo to Cortoha 3 from Cortoaa to Torricella - > I From Torricella to Perugia 1 1 From Perugia to Madonna degli Angeli I From Madonna degli AngeJi to Foligno I fhe inns on this road are, at Levane, Arezzo, Cortona, and Perugia. The ROAD from FOLIGNO to FANO. From Foligno to Ponte-Centefimo — . From Ponte-Centefimo to Nocera — _, From Nocera to Gualdo — ^ From Gualdo to Sigillo — From Sigillo to La Scheggia — . . From La Scheggia to Cantiano — _^ From Cantiano to Cagli - , . From Cagli to Acqualagna — From Acqualagna to Foffombrone — From Foiromhrone to Tenaglie — — . From Tenaglie to Fano — ,. 1 I I The inns on this road are at Nocera, Cagli, and Foflbmbrone ; and the truth is, that they are very indifiereiit. The ROAD from FLORENCE to BOLOGNA. From Florence to Fonte Buona, a Royal PoU i From Fonte Buona to Cafagiolo From Cafagiolo to Monte Carelli From Monte Carelli to Cavigliano From Cavigliano to Filigare — _ __ From Filigare to Loiano — — From Loiano to Pianoro From Pianoro to Bologna «- z The inns from Florence to Bologna are, the poft-houfe, at Monte Carclh; the poft-houfe, at Cavigliano , the pof^-houfe at Loiano ; and the poU-houfe, at Pianoro. ( H ) the ROAD from TURIN to BOLOGNA. Poff. From Turin to Montcalieri, a Royal Poll ' i ^ From Montcalieri to TrufFarello — - i From TrufFarello to Porino - - i FromPorino to San Michele — — j From San Michele to Gabaleone — — « j From Gabaleone to Afti — ■— — j From Afti to Anone — — j From Anone to Felizano i From Felizano to Aleffandria — — i From Aleflandria to Tortona — — . i From Tortona to Voghera — — r From Voghera to Bronio -— • — — j From Bronio to Cartel San Giovanni* -— z From Caftel San Giovanni to Piacenza ~ « From Piacenza to Firenzola — — 1 From Firenzola to San Donnino -- — i From San Donnino to Parma — • — ■ £ From Parma to St. Ilario — — — z From St, Ilario to Reggio ^ i From Reggio to Rubiera — - — ■ i From Rubiera to Modena — — — § From Modena to Forte Urbano ~ — — I From Forte Urbano to Somoggia -— -—I From Somoggia to Bologna •— — — i The inns from Turin to Bologna are, the pott-houfe, at San Michele ; the St. Mark and the Red Rofe, at Afti ; the Three Kings, at Aieftandria ; and the Blackmoor, at Voghera. The ROAD from MIL. From Milan to Colombarolo From Colombarolo to Canonica From Canonica to Bergamo From Bergamo to Palazzolo From Palazzolo to Ofpidaletto From Ofpidaletto to Brefica From Brefica to Ponte St. Marco From Ponte St. Marco to Defenzano From Defenzano to Pefchiera From Pefchiera to Caftelnuovo AN to VENICE. Poft. . I z J?rom Caftelnuovo to Verotia - , * r f'rom Verona to Caldierd - - - - ^ | From Caldiero to Torre a Confini - - I | From Torre a Confini to Vicenza - - » a From Vice nza to Aflefiga - » From Aflefiga to Padua - . " ^ r From Padua to Dolo - " ' | From Dolo to Lizza Fufiiia - - l z At Lizza Fufina you take the packet-boat for Venice. The inns on this road are. the MuiF, at Bergamo; the poft- houfe, at Palazzolo ; the Tower, at Brefcia ; the Two Towers, at Verona ; the Red Hat, at Vicenza. There are three good mns Venice, one of which is kept by Sig. PietroDami, or Petrillo; the other by Monf. Bon ; and the third by Monf. Mailli. They are all fituated on the grand canal, and have the moft beautiful profpeft that can bfe imagined. ROAD from MILAN to Frbm Milan to Marignano From Marignano to Lodi From Lodi to '^urlefco - , jprom Zurlefco to Pizichetone From Pizichetone to Cremona From Cremona to St. Gracomo From St. Giacomo to Voltino - From Voltino to Bozzolo From Bozzolo to Caftelloeeio From Caftelloceio to Mantua MANTUA. Pofl. R OA D fl-om V E N I C E to T R I E S T E. Poii. From Venice to Meftre - ' ^ Pram Mellre to Trevis - " * i| From Trevis l;o Cornigliano - - J| From Corjilgliano to Sacii ■- " From Sacil to Pardenoa - . - - 2, From Pardenpn to Codroibo - - ^ Ffom Codroibo to Palmanova - - 2 From Palmanova to Gorizia - " ^ From Gorizia to Trielte - ■'3 O ( j6 ) ROAD from MANTUA to VENICE. From Mantua to Caftelkro • • j | From Callellaro to Sanguinetto » • j i From Sanguinetto to Lignago - ^ j From Lignago to Bevilacqua - . j From Bevilacqua tofifte - . j x From Efte to Padua - . , | From Padua to Dolo - - i i From Dolo to Lizza Fufina - - j ^ The inns on this road are, the poft-houfe, at Sanguinetto ; the pofl-houfe, at Lignago ; the poft-houfe, at Efte ; the Golden Star, at Padua ; and at Venice as in the preceding page. ROAD from VENICE to RIMINI. From Venice to Chiozza you go in a felucca, and the paflage isperformed in three hours. Poft. From Chiozza to Forn ace » « , r From Fornace to Mefola - • ^ From Mefola to Goro .. - From Goro to Magna Vacca From Magna Vacca to Primaro • , From Primaro to Ravenna From Ravenna to Savio From Savio to Cefenatico From Cefenatico to Rimini The mns on this road are, the poll-houfcs, at Fornace, Magna Vacca, Ravenna, and Rimini. The ROAD from MANTUA to BOLOGNA. Poft. From Mantua to Governolo Brom Governolo to Quingindolo From Quingindolo to Concordia - From Concordia to Mirandola From Mirandola to Buonporto - . j 1 From Buonporto to Modena - , j i I I I ( »7 ) IProm Modena to S.amo;jwia t 1 From Samoggia to Bologna - 6 i i. The inns on this road are, the poft-houfe, at San Benedetto ; the poft-houfe, at Mirandola ; the Albergo, at Modena j and the Pilgrim, at Bologna. ROAD from BOLOGNA to PADUA. Poft. From Bologna to St, Giorgio 1 i From St. Giorgio to Cento From Cento to St. Carlo From St. Carlo to Ferrara From Ferrara to Rovigo I -t From Rovigo to Monfelice From Monfelice to Padua 1 T * » ROAD from ALESSANDRIA to GENOA. . . Poll. From Aleffandria to Novi - - i X From Novi to Ottagio - - I 1 From Ottagio to Campomarrone . • . j -t ^rom Campomarrone to Genoa - ~ i ROAD from MANTUA to TRENT E. From Mantua to Roverbolla - . j x From Roverbolla to Caftslnuovo * • j * From Caftelnuovo to Chiufa « - i From Chiufa to Peri - . ^ ^ From Peri to Ala - ^ « j From Ala to Roveredo - « ip ^ From Roveredo to Trente » * » j END of the ROADS of J T A- L Y. ( i8 ) ACCOUNT of the DAYS and HOURS that MAILS are difpatched from PARIS. ENGLAND. LETTERS for London and any part of the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ire- land, are fent on Mondays and Thurfdays, at ten o'clock in the morning. N. B. Letters which are dif- patched from Paris for England cannot be franked ; and thofe of the fame deftination which are fent from any province of France, except it lies in the road to Calais, Lifle, and Valenci- ennes, muft be franked as far as Paris, otherwife they will be fenC back to the refpedive places ihey came from, and there be left amongft caft letters, until the pollage be paid for. The letters from Porb-Mahon and Minorca are fent on Tuefdays, Thurfdays, and Saturdays : the poftage muft be paid as far as Bayonne. Austrian and Dut The letters for BrufTels, An- twerp, Bruges, Charleri-y, Cou- txay, Ghent, Nivelles, Oftend, Termonde, Mons, Ath, Ypres, Menin, Furnea,]Siieuport, War- neton, and all Brabant and the Auftrian county of Hiinault, afe fent every day at ten o'clock in the morning. N. B. « They Cannot be franked. ForRuremond, Guelderland, Arnheim, Grave, and Kime- guen, they'are fent on Mon- days, Tuefdays, and Saturdays, at ten o'clock in the. morning. Fcr.Maellriclu and Tongres, CH Netherlands. on Mondays, Tuefdays, Tharf- days, and Fridays, at ten o'clock in the morning. N. B. They cannot be franked. For Amfterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague, Leyden, Haarlem, Dort, Middlebourg, Flulhing, Utrecht, Groningen, Breda, Bois-le-duc, Bergen-op-zooiti, and other towns of Holland and Zealand, on Mondays and Fri- days', at ten o'clock in the morning. ■ N. B. The poftage need not be paid. ( 19 ) S W I S S E LETTERS for the Cantons cf Berne and Fribourg, Lau- fanne, and the country of Vaud, the county of Neufchatel, and the Valais, are fent on Mon- days, Wednefdays, and Fri- days, at two o'clock in the af- ternoon ; the poftage of which muft Ijepaid as far as Ponfarher. For Bafle,, and the Cantons of Uri, Uiidervald, Schwitz, Zug, Soleurc, Luzerne, Claris, Ap- R L A N D. penzel, and Schaffhaufen ; and likewife for Saint-Gal, and the country of the Grifons, letters are fent on Mondays, Wednef- days, and Fridays, at tweke o'clock at nooh. Poftage may I be either paid or not. For Geneva, letters are dif- patched on Mondays, Tuefdays, and Saturdays, at ten o'clock in the morning. The poftage may either be paid or not. S P A I N and P O R T U G A L. LETTERS for Madrid and , N. B. Letters ^f^f ^J^l^^^^ other parts' of Spain, -d for or Portugal cannot bejra^^^^^^^ Lilbon and other parts of Portu- that IS to ^-y'/^^J^^^^^^^^^^ gal, are fent on Tuefdays and poftage is not to be paid whea Saturdays, at ten o'clock in the you deliver them, inorniug. I I T A LETTERS for Chamberry' and Savoy, Turin, and Pied- mont, and for the whole king- dom of Sardinia, are fent on Tuefdays and- Saturdays, at ten o'clock in the morning.. The poftage of thefe letters muft ab- folutely be paid. For Oneglia, Villefranche, and the county of Nice, on Tuefdays, Thurfdays, and Sa- turdays, at two o'clock in the afternoon. Poftage muft be paid. For Milan, Pavia, Crempna, and all the Milanefe, on Tuef- days and Saturdays, at ten o'- clock in the morning. 1 he poftage muft be paid. For the Dukedom of Mantua, L Y. the States of the Republic of Venice, Florence, Pifa, Sienna, Leghorn, and all Tufcany, the letters are fent at ten o'clock in the morning. The poftage muft be paid : neverthelefs, thofe for the Republic of Lucca, in Tui- ' cany, may be feat olf wuhoiic it. For Parma, Piacen/a, Mode- na, Bologna, Ferrara, Genoa, and Rome, the leu...s ;uv Jii- patched on Tuefday at ten o'- clock in the morning. The pc'ftage m;iy be either paid or not. F 0 r Naples, Me (hn a , Pal e rm o , and all Sicily, on Tue flays ut ten o'clock in the morninii,. ' O ^ ( 20 ) For the ifland of Malta, Con liantinopic, and alj Turkey, and for the fea-port towns of the Levant, the pofrage muft be paid as far as MarfeilJes. Notice is given to the public. that the letters which are deftine4 for Conftaiitinople may very re- gularly pafs through Vienna in Auftria, provided their poftage be paid as far as Rhinhaufen. German y. Canfta^Kelf T7I^'''pK-"t^°r'^'i '^^y«> Thurfdays] andSaturdays. J^anftat, Kell, Ulm, Rhinhaufen, at ten o'clock in the morning. N. B. The portage mull be Francfort fur.le-Maine,and Nu- remberg, the archbilhopric of Mayenne, the bifhoprics of Spire and Worms, Manheim, and all the Palatinate on the Rhine, Vienna in Aultria, Stiria* Cannthia, Carniola, the Tirol, the bilTioprics of Trent aqd Bnxen, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Efclavonia, Tranfil- vania, and Silefja in ^uftria Munich, the archbi/hopric of Saltlbourg, the bifhoprics of freyfingen, Ratifbon, P^ffau, and the whole Bavaria, the dukedom of Wirtemberg, the marquifate of Baden, Fribourg ea Brifgow, and all the country paid. For Trevps, Coblentz, an4 Andernach, on Mondays,Thurf- days, and Saturdays, at ten o'clock. N. B. The portage need no^ be paid. For Aix-la-chapelle, Co- logne, Bonn, Liege, Huy, Spa, the dukedom of Bremen, and the eleftorate of Hanover, on every day at ten o'clock in the morn- ing. N, B. The portage need not be paid. For Mafeick, the dukedom of Juliers, DulTeldorf, and the of SwpM-, *u ^1 juuers, i^uiieldort, and the Bamberg, Wurtzbourg, and Aichrtat, the margraviate of Bareith, the marquifate of Anf- pach, and all Franconia and Weteravia^are fen ton Mondays Tuefdays, Thurfdays, Fridays, oaturdays, and Sundays, at ten o'clock in the morning. | N. B. The poftnge of letters ' direaed to any of the aforefaid places, muft be paid for as far as the limits of France may reach • otherwife they will not be for- warded. and Cleves, the county of La Mark, the bifhoprics of Pader- born and Ofnabrug, Minden, Embden,Drerden,Leipfick,Weit mar, Gotha, thp principality of Anhalt, and all Saxony, Cartel, and Heffe, Berlin, Francfort I fur I'Oder, and all theMarche of Brandenbourg, Stetin, and the PrufTian Poinerania, JConingf- berg, and the kingdom of Pruflia, Breflaw, and the Pruf- fian Silefia, the dukedoms of Brunfwjck, Magdebourg, For tK« ^ 7 J /- -r^ 4^iuniw4tK, iviagaeDoure;. fonts 1 tterfi r Deux- Mecklenbourg, and Courland l-onts letters are fent on Mon- | the Upper and Lower W^th[ ( ) Che letters are fent on Mondays, Wednefdays, and Saturdays, at ten o'clock in the morning. N. B. The poftage need not he paid for any of thofe places. F or Ham bourg, and the duke- dom of Holftein, Lubeck, Stral- fund, and the SwediOi Pomera- ma, the letters are fent oa Mondays and Fridays, at ten o'clock in the morning. Xhe poftage need not be paid. POLAND and the NORTHERN STATES. I.ETTERS for Dantzick, Warfavv, and all Poland ; Co- penhagen, and all Denmark; al- io Norway, and Iceland ; Stock- holm, and all Sweden ; St. ^eterfbourg. Revel, Riga, Mof- cow, and all Ruffia, are feift on Mondays and Fridays, at ten o'clock in the morning. N. B. The jjoltage need aot be paid. Necessary Observations, ^J^^'F^^^^^^'\^°^^P^^''^^othe box of the General Pofl. Pffice before the time hereafter fpecifled, otherwife their de- parture muft be delayed till tjie next poft-day ; and you are to take notice, that the letters which are put into any of the otherreceivmg.houfes that have been eftablifhed in other places Pf Paris, are colleaed ex^aiy tl>ree time, in the day; namely ^ven 0 clock at mght. During the time the French King and Pourt continue at Compeigne and Fontainebleau, they are or twelve, Ihould be put into the boxes of the other receiv- ng-offices in town before eight o'clock in the , morning. The nlT Jau u° "^'^^'"'^'^ - the after- f^cn . U f thofe defined for court, before the time of their being laftly taken ; but iaf Pnff R ''pf" '° ^'"'^ '^''"^ ^° °f ^he Gene, ral i'oft. Rue Platiere j otherwife their departure muli be delayed till next poft. No perfon is allowed to include pieces either of gold or wt'r.- " ' 7 ' ''r' Genc-ral Poftthoufe, wherein any fum of money intended to be fent into any of the provinces of France., may be received and accounted for. i Jit:«s '""'^ " p-^^^ v.. ( 2» ) ■For all letters for the French Colonies in America, and parts of ,h= Ea " or Weft-I,.dics. the polUge mull be paid « far as the tlfot town where they are Ihipped off, otherwife they are not ^T^pfoper to pay the pollage of letters that are fen. either to Ma orsof reSiments! Parf^ns or Curates, Attorntes, Doaors, and iTr p"blTc^P=rfons ; becaufe they very commonly refufe to take thpmin if the pofta^e is not paid. Thor; wLfe letters are direaed to fome -"ages or coun ry- feaTs which are not kno.vn, are deiired to wrue down at the bot- tom the name of the neareft town to that particular place As feveral towns are known to have the fame name, the public is de ii^l to be very careful how to dilHnguifh in the fuperfcription which town is meant, and in what province it i fituated. As forTetters which are direded either to foldiers, or other per, fontbeloig^^; to an .my, both the name of the regiment and ^^^A\itrs:«^ to fhe General Poft-office, in Platiere-ftreet ; the others maybe put tto any of the boxes, which have been ellabUfhed in various '^^^^ Z^er poa-ofHce fbr letters in Par^ jhich h. b^ eftablilhed on the fame plan as our Penny- pott-office.. This mlti- Itn is already fo well known, that it would be needlefs to ex- t>l in its utility: The price of the pollage of a fingle letter, card, plain its uuiuy ^^e weight of four ounces, is zfous ; r. if "fenTbeto^d'tS: bat'purlieL. or fuburbs of Pari, they tax ""xheThlef "^o'loffice for this department is at the Place d, Chevalier du Guet. GENER'AL HINTS to STRANGERS >vha TRAVEL in FRANCE, TF vou travel poll, when you approach the town or bourg where T vou^n endtJ lie alk the pott bov which houfehe recommends ih'e™d neve; go to thL, if there is any other Ee previouny informed what other inns there are f^:.^]^^^^^;^ according to the poft-bpy's recommendation, the ^^^''^'^^ ^ vL two or three livrcs, which he ma^es you pay the next morniiig. C 23 ) if you take your ownhorfes, they muft be provided with h'ead- jJieces and halters ; the French ftables never furnifh any fuch things ; and your fervant muft take care that the gar^on d'ecurie does not buckle them fo tight, that the horfes cannot take a full bite, this being a common praftice, to fave hay. If the gar^on d'ecurie does not bring the halters properly rolled Hp, when he puts your horfes to, he ought to have noching given him, becaufe they are fo conftantly accuitomed to do it, that the/ cannot forget it, but in hopes you may too. Direfl your fervant not only to fee your horfds watered and corn given them, but to ftand by while they eat it : this is often riecelTary in England, and always in France. If you eat at the table d'hote, the price is fixed, and you cannot be impofed upon. If you eat in your own chamber, and order yOur own dinner and flapper, it is as neceffary to make a previous bargain with your hoft for it, as it would be to bargain with aa itinerant Jew for a gold watch. Be careful rhat your fheets are well aired, otherwife ycu will find them not only damp, but perfedlly wet. Young men who travel into France, v/ith a view of gaioing the- language, Ihould always eat at the table d'hote. *^ It is neceffary to carry your own pillows with you : in fomeinns t}>ey have them; but in villages, bourgs. Sec. none are to be had. In the wLne provinces, at all the table d'hotes, they alvva\-s provide the common wine, as we do fmail-beer. ' Wine is never paid for feparately, unlefs it is of a quality above the vin du Pais ; and when you call for better, know the price before you drink it. ^ When fiiie cambrick handkerchiefs, &c.are given to bewalhed, take care they are not trimmed round two inches narrower, tg make borders to Madame la Blanchifleufe's night-caps. Whenever you want honeft information, ge» it from a French , officer, or a prieft, provided they are on the wrong fide of forty ; but, in general, avoid all intimacy with either on the right fide of thirty. Where yoa propofe to ftay any time, be very cautious with whom you make an acquaintance, as there are always a number of officious forward Frenchmen and Englilh adventurers ready to offer you their fervices, from whom you will find it very difficult to difengage yourfelf, after you have found more agreeable company. Wherever there is any cabinet of curiofities, medals, pidures, &c. to be feen, never make any fcruple to fend a card, defiring permiffion to view them ; the rcqueil is flattering to a French- man, and you will never be refufed. # Take it as a maxim, that whenever you are invited to a fupper at Paris, Lyons, or any of the great cities, where a little trifling play commences before fupper, great play is intended after fupper j and that you are the marked pigeon to be plucked. You cannot dine or vifit after dinner in an undrefs frock, or without a bag to your hair ; the hair en queue, or a little cape to your coat, would be confidered an unpardonable liberty. In France it is not cuftomary to drink to perfons at table, nor to drink wine after dinner : when the deflert is taken away, fo is the wine. It is wrong to be led into any kind ef converfation, but what is abfolutely necelTary, with the common, or indeed the middling clafs of people in France. They never > fail, availing themfelves of the leall condefcenfion in a ftranger, to alk 4 number of imper- tinent queftions, and to conclude, if you anfwer them civilly, that they are your equals. No gentleman, prieft, or fervant, male or female, ever gives any notice by knocking, before they enter the bed-chamber, or apartment of ladies or gentlemen. The poll-man opens it, to bring your letters ; the capuchin, to alk alms ; and the gentle- man, to make his vifit. There is no privacy, but by fecuring your door by a key or a bolt. Never afk a Frenchman his age ; no queflion whatever can be more offenfive to him, nor will he ever give jou a direft, though he may a civil, anfwer. When you make an agreement with an aubergifte wliere yo* intend to lie, take care to include beds, rooms, &c. or he will charge feparately for thefe articles. In frontier or garrlfon towns where they have a right to exa- mine your baggage, a twenty-fols piece, and afTuring the offi- cer thatyou are a gentleman, and not a merchant, will carry yoHl through without delay. Thofc who travel poft fliould, before they fet out, put up money Ih parcels for the number of horfes they ufe for one poft, two poftj, and a poft et demi, adding to each parcel that which is in- tended to be given to the driver or drivers, who are entitled, by the King's ordinance, to five fols a poft ; and if they behave ill, they fhould be given no more ; when they are civil, ten or tv/elve fols a-poft is fufficient. If thefe packets are not prepared and properly marked, the traveller, efpecially if he is not well ac- quainted with the money, cannot count it out while the horfes are changing, from the number of beggars which furround the carriage, and who will take no denial. Always carry a machine to fecure the bedchamber doors at Inns where you fleep, and fee that there are no holes behind large piftures in the room, large enough for a man to creep through. Valetudinarians, or men of a certaiu age, who travel into the fouthern parts of France, Spain, or Italy, Ihould never omit to wear either a callico ot fine flannel waiftcoat under their fhlrts : ftrange as it may feem to fay fo, this precaution is more necelfary in the fouth of France, than in England.* The King's health is never drank in France, nor is it deemed polite for a ftran^er to drink it. To Frenchmen it is very un- ufual, or rather wrong, to drink the health ofanyperfon, male or female ; yet if a ftranger drinks to a Frenchman at table, he will return the compliment. _ Ufing a water-glafs at table, as it is praaifed with us, would give great offence in France. He who draws his fword, or gives a blow in any royal palrce or gardens, whether native or ftranger, is imprifoned twenty-one years ! It is necelTary always to wear a fword or couteau de chafs ia France. ( 26 ) the STAGE-COACHES, DILIG ENCES, and POSt-^ HORSES, with the Days of their Departure from, and Return to, PARIS, with the Price for Paflengers, and Rates for Baggage, Such Places as sre diftinguifhed by an include Board on the Road ; and th6 Figures-after the Town's Name denote theNuhtber of Days they are ttavelling. Towns they go to, and Time in Travellino;. Days they let out, ai when. Price for nd each Paffen- ger. Abbeville 5 diligence Arras coach Bourdeailx 1 coach I waggon 11 }► berlin j BrufTels 3 ? diligence J Caen coach Calais coach Chantiiiy 7 coach i Dieppe coach Dunkirk, by 1 the Arras ?• coach J Fontairi- ? b!eau coach S Languedoc 7 coach i Lille 2 1 diligence \ Lyons 5 ■> diligence > waggons 103 Rennes 7 T coach > waggon 3 Rochelle 9 ) coach \ Rochford Rouen % ? coach t St. Germain 7 coach 5 Stralburg H 7 bcnlins i Touloufc 16 I waggon j Verfailles Tu. & Sat. ^ morn. Tu. & Fri. 5 morn. Wed. 6 m or. Fr. 10 morn. Sat. 6 morn. Sat. 12 noon Fri. 3 morn, '30 livres Sun."& Th.4- livres, or* 16 livres 11 livres 66 livres 140 livres * 93 livres 70 livres * 63 livres zi livres Rates to be paid for Baggage per lb. 6 morning Friday 30 foils I fou 6 deniers zfous 6deniers fous 7 fous 5 fous all above 20 lbs. 4fous 6deniers I fou 6 deniers 3 fous z zfous 3denicrs M. & Wefl. 5 livres Th. & Sat. 2 fous i V/ ed.6mor. Every other 55 livres * day 48 livres Every other roo livres* day i>o Wed.&Sat. 5 morning Monday 5 morning W. 12 noon Monday, 6:115 livres * morning jvs livres Days they Where they fet out from in Paris. Wednefday Rue St. Dennis Saturday Thutiday Sunday 4 fous 6 fous Wed.&:Fri.;ij livres I livrejfous Every day twice Thnrfday, 5 morning Wednefday 10 morning Every day i361ivres. loSin apoft' chaifd 4 fous for all above aolbs. Thurfday Sunday Friday Corltre fcape St. Rue St Dennis Ditto Montorguil-ftrcet The Baftile Quay of Calcftins Rue St. Dennis Quay of Cclellins Rue Pavee Ditto Quay d'Greay Rue de la Verrerie Rue d'fenfer Qiiay d'Oreav N