V 77 L,' .V Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/colonialinteriorOOfren COLONIAL INTERIORS Frontispiece {Mid- Eighteen th Century) Shirley Charles City County, Va, COLONIAL I NTERIORS PHOTOGRAPHS AND MEASURED DRAWINGS OF TIE COLONIAL AND EARLY FEDERAL PERIODS try LEIGH FRENCH JR. ~ ala WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY CHARLES OVER CORNELIUS W H WILLIAM HELBURN INC 418 MADISON AVE NEW YORK Copyright, 1923, by William Helburn, Inc. FOREWORD D URING the last decade, in the mad rush for architectural re- | ju venation, few have had the time and opportunity to make a very careful survey of the interior architecture of our early domestic work. The frequent publication of books on most phases of this sub- ject has had its good effect, but they have been perhaps too reticent as to the interior arrangement and woodwork of the houses in which our forefathers lived. In reviewing these old houses one constantly notes the analogy between them and the contemporary buildings in England. Whether the similarity in design to be observed in so many of them was the result of the constant influence on the work of the colonies by the mother country, or whether they were simply divergent through re- lated branches of the earlier work in England, it is difficult to de- termine. We know that communication with England was regular, and that there was a constant interchange of architectural ideas, both in the form of books, by personal visits, and the immigration of archi- tects and men of all the crafts. My idea in compiling this book is to offer to the architect and lay- man a more complete summary of the various existing examples of early American interiors, and I have endeavored to make it primarily a pictorial summary rather than a documentary one. Even within a field of such obvious limitations, a work of this kind involves indebtedness to many; my thanks are here tendered to those who have most generously helped me by the loan and gift of photo- graphs and measurements: to my friend Donald Green Tarpley, for his companionship and assistance in our trips for data; to The So- ciety for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, for meas- urements of the Swett house in Newbury, Mass.; to Walter G. Davis, Esq., for the gift of photographs of the Davis house at Limington, Me.; to the Arden Studios, for photographs of the Tebbs house at Dumfries; to The Brooklyn Museum, for photographs of the Henry Sewall house at Secretary, Md.; to Harold Donaldson Eberlein, Esq., hi Foreword for the gift of the photographs of Shirley, Harwood House, and Whitehall; to Thomas Nash, Esq., for the photographs of Glebe house; to The Winslow Associates, for photographs of Winslow house, at Marshfield, Mass.; to Topsfield Historical Society, for the Capen house; to George F. Noyes, of Newbury port, for the photo- graphs of the Waters and Atkinson houses; to Miss Mary Harrod Northend, for photographs of the following houses: John Whipple, Isaac Royall, The Lindens, Saltonstall, Craddock, Dalton Club, Adden, Jeremiah Lee, Quincy, Governor Wentworth, and the Pierce-Nichols; Kenneth Clark, for photographs of the following houses: Sewall, at York, Me., McCreery, Webb, Champion, Morris, Samuel Mather, Old- gate, Sigourney, Jessup, Huntington, Captain Lee, Rochambeau-Ver- non, and the Dauntless Club; to Frank Cousins, for photographs of the following houses: Octagon, Jeremiah Lee, Kittridge, Oak Hill, Samuel Fowler, Stephen Swett, Pierce-Nichols, Short, Cook-Oliver, Bowker, Richard Derby, Lindall-Barnard, Stenton, Whitby Hall, Inde- pendence Hall, Robertson, Moses Williams, The Old Manse, George Cabot, Wayside Inn, Hancock-Clarke, Rockingham Hotel; Philip B. Wallace, for photographs of the following houses: George Read, Mount Pleasant, Whitby Hall, Tookermann, Roxborough, Wister, Third and Delancey Streets, Belmont, Independence Hall, Octagon, Hope Lodge, No. 47 South Sixth Street, No. 402 South Front Street, Graeme Park; the Essex Institute, for the John Ward House; to H. P. Cook, for photographs of Lower Brandon, Tuckahoe, and Westover. Leigh French, Jr. | New York, August, 1923. IV INTRODUCTION T HE Colonial Architecture of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the post-Colonial work of the early years of the Republic constitute an artistic possession of which our country has become somewhat tardily aware. This delightful work, so much of which possesses real distinction, serves both as a link with the past and as a guide for the future. The tradition which it represents has been of continuous growth. From century to century and from country to country this tradition had spread, ever adding to itself new qualities of structure or decora- tion as it responded to the varied needs and tastes of the nations in which it thrived. It was associated most closely with the civilization of the west, although its earliest roots were laid in eastern soil. From early Greece to Renaissance England is a far cry, but the distance was traversed by such easy stages, by such natural growth, that its course is not difficult to follow. The ideals of this architectural tradition of western Europe were those which the colonists to America brought with them when they introduced the standards of western civilization into the new conti- nent. The study of how this tradition was acted upon by influences of climate and material, by economic and social characteristics, and by the taste and craftsmanship in the new country, comprises a fasci- nating chapter in the history of art. The first permanent settlers in the colonies brought with them the traditions of sixteenth-century provincial England. In the great houses of the English nobles the influence of the Renaissance had begun to predominate; but in the modest homes of the middle class, the small manors and peasant cottages, the late Gothic flavor of sixteenth- century England had not been disturbed. The early settlers in New England were of this middle class, whose preferences were wholly v Introduction in favor of those forms with which they were familiar and in whose construction their craftsmen were well versed. For this reason, the earliest work in the new country carried on the late Gothic traditions of Elizabethan England, houses with steep gables and high pitched roofs, overhanging upper stories, small win- dows often leaded and with a structure whose disposition recalled the half-timber work in which the builders were skilled. The high pitched roofs were of practical use to shed the heavy snowfall of the long winters; the overhanging stories were relics of the medieval town dwelling and were transplanted without the compulsion of necessity in the new land. The interiors of this period were simple and crude. The one or two room floor plan centered about the great chimney whose enor- mous fireplace dominated one wall of each room. This fireplace wall was frequently covered with wooden planks set vertically, their joints moulded. The ceiling, heavily beamed, was constructed usually with a great central summer beam into which were entered the smaller beams, carrying from it to the outside walls. The walls of the rooms might be roughly plastered, sheathed with boards the whole of their height or a part of it. The windows were small, set high and, when glass was used, fitted with leaded quarries in the casements. The floors of wide boards were covered with rush or clean sea-sand. The furniture of the times was comparatively large in scale, and the essential quality of a room of this period was the curious one of scale given by large and heavy furniture in comparatively small and low ceiled rooms. Toward the end of the seventeenth century and by the early years of the eighteenth century, the Italian influences, which had by that time finally established themselves in England, began to find their way to America with the increasing frequency of communication. The' exterior signs of their change in taste and usage are contained in the symmetrical placing of the windows and doors, the emphasis upon horizontality rather than verticality, by the use of band courses and definitely marked cornices, and the employment of dormer win- dows. On the interiors the change is noticed in the covering of the beams with a plastered ceiling, the introduction of stile and rail paneling, the tendency to increase the ceiling heights, the enlargement of the VI Introduction window openings, which were filled with double hung sash with wood muntins, and in some cases the reduction in size of the fireplace openings. The plan, too, had evolved into a greater elaboration. The central hall running through the house and four rooms opening from it, the stairway as an architectural feature, two or four chimneys at the ends of the house rather than one in the center, are a few of the innovations which marked this important change in taste. Such changes were not alone dictated by taste, but were equally influenced by economic conditions. Much of the old tradition in planning lin- gered, particularly in the frontier section, well along into the late eighteenth century, and no hard and fast rule can be laid down for the beginning of a certain innovation or the end of a particular usage. The decorative elements of the interior chiefly distinguish these earlier eighteenth-century houses from those of the latter half of the century. The run mouldings are bold, almost coarse in scale; there is comparatively little carved decoration and that confined to a simple spotting of detail, the bolection moulding finds its place around the fireplaces and in some cases around wall panels. The simple quarter- round moulding frames most of the panels of the wainscot, while architrave details were universally applied to window enframement. Mantel shelves were the exception rather than rule, and little or no use of pilasters occurred. The woodwork and walls, if the latter were unpaneled, were painted in strong colors, the floors, too, were frequently painted, sometimes stenciled in designs. The work of the mid-eighteenth century carried on in general the same features as those mentioned above. There was a slightly in- creased refinement in detail, a more architectonic use of orders and classic motives, carving was used more freely in mantelpieces, cor- nices and trim mingled with a more or less correct use of dentils, modillions, and other repeating forms from the classic tradition. A greater sophistication is noticeable in a careful study of plan decora- tion and proportion. It is in this period that many very large houses were built, since the time \>as one of considerable prosperity. Communication with Eng- land was steady and increasing, and ideas of sophisticated living were taking root among the more well-to-do colonists. This particular period in the history of the architecture carried through until the Revolution. The years of war interrupted both the VII Introduction influx of new ideas from abroad and the growth of wealth. When again the country, now an independent nation, began to think of building, the taste of Europe had changed and the changed influence was felt in the United States. This work of the last part of the eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth century confesses an increased attenuation and refinement in line, proportion, and detail. It followed as closely as possible the ultra sophistication of the work of Robert Adam which its designers knew by means of published works which were current in this country. In plan, in carefully studied elevations, in delicate detail, and in fine proportion these houses present the natural goal of the changes and development of the preceding seventy-five years. The interiors, lofty and well proportioned, were chastely enhanced with delicate trim. The cornices and mantelpieces were often en- riched by the application of composition ornament, reminiscent of the Adam Brothers, the detail of this ornament relying upon the rejuvenated forms of late Roman motives. Paneling was restricted to the walls below the chair-rail and to the overmantel and sides of the chimney-breast. In plan, the space relation of rooms one to another and their variety in shape — circular, octagonal, and oval as well as rectangular — marked a greater self-consciousness in the academic study of design. The governmental usage of the new country gave opportunity for more monumental forms of building than anything hitherto at- tempted, and the types of governmental architecture laid the founda- tion for the best tradition which we have for republican state and national building. And here lies the chief importance of this old work which has again come into its own. It holds a vital message for the American architect to-day. The nineteenth century saw the complete breakdown in the great tradition in building which had continued, up to then, unbroken. This breakdown was so complete that at the opening of the twentieth cen- tury no trace of a tradition remained. The efforts of the architects of this comparatively recent time lead, in the search of a tradition, to the trying out of every sort of architectural style of the past. Among those attempted was the so-called Colonial with results which appear to-day, so often, murderous. But the study of early American archi- VIII Introduction tecture continued, and many people will not hesitate to admit that the qualities inherent in the work of our forefathers are those which have a real congeniality with the conditions and life of this country. Par- ticularly in domestic work is this true, and the successful houses built in the early American tradition certainly outnumber by far those built in any purely European style. No slavish copying of the old work will produce sincere and living architecture, but the greatest element of instruction to be gained from the study of such interiors as are shown in this volume lies in an ap- preciation of how our early builders translated the forms of Euro- pean work into a vernacular which they so well understood. With a general knowledge of the origin of the forms from which these builder-architects derived their inspiration, it is not difficult to learn just where they chose to simplify or where to elaborate upon the original. Freely they juggled the elements of their form and dec- oration, their scale and proportion. Sometimes they erred, more often they attained a distinctive character which more knowing men could not achieve, but always they were sincere and always imbued with a high ideal. In urging, then, a return to the old tradition which for two hun- dred years thrived happily in American soil, we are not interested alone in the forms in which this tradition expressed itself, but we are equally concerned with the ideals and ideas behind it, which gave it its particular flavor so well suited to the tastes and usage of Amer- icans both now and of yore. Charles Over Cornelius. ix LIST OF PL A TES Frontispiece — Shirley, Charles City County, Va. INTERIORS PLATE 1 John Ward House, Salem, Mass. 2 Stephen Swett House, Newbury, Mass. {Upper) Stephen Swett House, Newbury, Mass. (Lower) 3 Stephen Swett House, Newbury, Mass. (Upper) John Ward House, Salem, Mass. (Lower) 4 Capen House, Topsfield, Mass. (Upper) John Whipple House, Ipswich, Mass. (Lower) 5 John Whipple House, Ipswich, Mass. (Upper) John Whipple House, Ipswich, Mass. (Lower) 6 Captain Lee House, East Lyme, Conn. 7 Capen House, Topsfield, Mass. 8 Hart-Burnham House, Ipswich, Mass. (Upper) Stenton, Germantown, Pa. (Lower) 9 Henry Sewall House, Secretary, Md. (Upper) Henry Sewall House, Secretary, Md. (Lower) 10 Henry Sewall House, Secretary, Md. 11 Lower Brandon, Prince George County, Va. 12 Adden House, Reading, Mass. (Upper) Morris House, New Haven, Conn. (Lower) 13 Isaac Royall House, Medford, Mass. (Upper) Governor Wentworth House, Portsmouth, N. H. (Lower) 14 Champion House, East Haddam, Conn. (Upper) Whitby Hall, West Philadelphia, Pa. (Lower) 15 Glebe House, Woodbury, Conn. 1C Isaac Royall House, Medford, Mass. 17 Colonel Willoughby Tebbs House, Dumfries, Va. 18 Colonel Willoughby Tebbs House, Dumfries, Va. (Upper) Colonel Willoughby Tebbs House, Dumfries, Va. (Lower) 19 Wayside Inn, South Sudbury, Mass. 20 Whitby Hall, West Philadelphia, Pa. xi List of Plates PLATE 21 The Old Manse, Concord, Mass. (Upper) Kittridge House, North Andover, Mass. (Lower) 22 Quincy House, Quincy, Mass. (Upper) McCreery House, Litchfield County, Conn. (Lower) 23 McCreery House, Litchfield County, Conn. 24 McCreery House, Litchfield County, Conn. (Upper) Jeremiah Lee House, Marblehead, Mass. (Lower) 25 Jeremiah Lee House, Marblehead, Mass. 26 Jeremiah Lee House, Marblefiead, Mass. 27 Major Nicholas Davis House, Limington, Me. (Upper) Jeremiah Lee House, Marblehead, Mass. (Lower) 28 Webb House, Wethersfield, Conn. (Upper) Webb House, Wethersfield, Conn. (Lower) 29 Webb House, Wethersfield, Conn. 30 Dauntless Club, Essex, Conn. 31 Tookermann House, Dover, Del. 32 The Admiral Cowles House, Oldgate, Farmington, Conn. 33 Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Upper) Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Lower) FIREPLACES 34 Graeme Park, Horsham, Pa. 35 Governor Wentworth House, Portsmouth, N. H. 36 Shirley, Charles City County, Ya. 37 Jeremiah Lee House, Marblehead, Mass. (Left) Dalton Club, Newburyport, Mass. (Right) 38 Dalton Club, Newburyport, Mass. (Upper) Mount Pleasant, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa. (Lower) 39 Champion House, East Haddam, Conn. (Left) Eighty Federal Street, Salem, Mass. (Right) 40 Forty-eight Bridge Street, Salem, Mass. (Upper) Ten Chestnut Street, North Andover, Mass. (Lower) 41 Samuel Mather House, Old Lyme, Conn. (Upper) Jeremiah Lee House, Marblehead, Mass. (Lower) 42 Cook-Oliver House, Salem, Mass. 43 Four Hundred and Two South Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 44 Third and Delancey Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. (Upper Left) Jessup House, Westport, Conn. (Upper Right) Upsala, Germantown, Pa. (Lower Left) Eighty Federal Street, Salem, Mass. (Lower Right) 45 Fourteen Pickman Street, Salem, Mass. 46 The Octagon House, Washington, D. C. (Upper) Elm Street, Salem, Mass. (Lower) XII List of Plates PLATE ‘47 The Octagon House, Washington, D. C. 48 Oak Hill, Peabody, Mass. (Upper) Three Hundred and Ninety-three Essex Street, Salem, Mass. (Lower) 49 Wister House, Germantown, Pa. (Upper) Wister House, Germantown, Pa. (Lower) 50 Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Upper) Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Lower) 51 Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Upper) Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Lower) 52 Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. (Upper) Richard Derby House, Salem, Mass. (Lower) 53 Oak Hill, Peabody, Mass. (Left) Oak Hill, Peabody, Mass. (Right) 54 Waters House, Newburyport, Mass. (Left) Atkinson House, Newburyport, Mass. (Center) Waters House, Newburyport, Mass. (Right) 55 Short House, Salem, Mass. (Upper) Two Hundred and Two Essex Street, Salem, Mass. (Upper Insert) Short House, Salem, Mass. (Lower) Chestnut Street, Salem, Mass. (Lower Insert) 56 Lindall Andrews House, Salem, Mass. (Upper) Three Hundred and Ninety-three Essex Street, Salem, Mass. (Lower) STAIRS 57 Winslow House, Marshfield, Mass. 58 One Hundred and Sixty-eight Derby Street, Salem, Mass. (Left) Hancock-Clarke House, Lexington, Mass. (Right) 59 Craddock House, Medford, Mass. 60 George Cabot House, Beverly, Mass. (Left) Morris House, New Haven, Conn. (Right) 61 Henry Sewall House, Secretary, Md. 62 Westover, Charles City County, Va. 63 Lower Brandon, Prince George County, Va. 64 Glebe House, Woodbury, Conn. (Left) Whitby Hall, West Philadelphia, Pa. (Right) 65 Boxborough, Philadelphia, Pa. (Left) Whitby Hall, West Philadelphia, Pa. (Right) 66 Tuckahoe, Goochland County, Va. (Upper) Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pa. (Lower) 67 Governor Wentworth House, Portsmouth, N. H. (Left) Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pa. (Right) 68 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. (Left) Whitby Hall, West Philadelphia, Pa. (Right) XIII List of Plates PLATE 69 Whitby Hall, West Philadelphia, Pa. 70 Cliveden, Germantown, Pa. 71 Nine Elm Street, Salem, Mass. (Left) Hope Lodge, Whitemarsh, Pa. (Right) 72 Capen House, Topsfield, Mass. (Left) Rebecca Nurse House, Danvers, Mass. (Right) 73 Jeremiah Lee House, Marblehead, Mass. (Upper) Jeremiah Lee House, Marblehead, Mass. (Lower) 74 Whitehall, Anne Arundel County, Md. (Left) Forty Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. (Right) 75 Kittridge House, North Andover, Mass. 76 Eighty Federal Street, Salem, Mass. (Left) Forty Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. (Right) 77 Sigourney House, Hartford, Conn. 78 Bowker House, Salem, Mass. 79 Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 80 One Hundred and Sixty-eight Derby Street, Salem, Mass. (Left) Nine Elm Street, Salem, Mass. (Right) 81 Kittridge House, North Andover, Mass. 82 Bochambeau-Vernon House, Newport, R. I. 83 Cook-Oliver House, Salem, Mass. (Left) Waters House, Salem, Mass. (Right) 84 Two Hundred and Ten Essex Street, Salem, Mass. (Left) High Street, Danversport, Mass. (Right) 85 Two Hundred and Two and a Half Essex Street, Salem, Mass. 86 Theodore Bagley House, Bristol, R. I. (Left) Moses Williams House, Jamaica Plains, Mass. (Right) INTERIOR DOORS 87 Isaac Royall House, Medford, Mass. (Left) Dalton Club, Newburyport, Mass. (Right) 88 Hope Lodge, Whitemarsh, Pa. (Left) Hope Lodge, Whitemarsh, Pa. (Center) Hope Lodge, Whitemarsh, Pa. (Right) 89 Shirley, Charles City County, Va. (Left) Harwood House, Annapolis, Md. (Right) 90 Saltonstall House, Haverhill, Mass. (Left) Champion House, East Haddam, Conn. (Right) 91 Hope Lodge, Whitemarsh, Pa. (Left) Belmont, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa. (Center) Mount Pleasant, Philadelphia, Pa. (Right) XIV List of Plates PLATE 92 Cook-Oliver House, Salem, Mass. (Left) Tookermann House, Dover, Del. ( Center ) Sewall House, York, Me. (Right) 93 Rockingham Hotel, Portsmouth, N. H. (Left) Mount Pleasant, Philadelphia, Pa. (Right) 94 The Admiral Cowles House, Oldgate, Farmington, Conn. (Left) Huntington House, Old Lyme, Conn. (Right) 95 George Read House, New Castle, Del. (Upper) George Read House, New Castle, Del. (Lower Left) George Read House, New Castle, Del. (Lower Right) 96 George Read House, New Castle, Del. 97 Sewall House, York, Me. (Left) Stewart House, Jamaica Plains, Mass. (Center) Cook-Oliver House, Salem, Mass. (Right) 98 Essex Street, Salem, Mass. (Left) Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Center) Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Right) 99 Oak Hill, Peabody, Mass. (Left) Oak Hill, Peabody, Mass. (Right) 100 The Octagon House, Washington, D. C. (Left) The Octagon House, Washington, D. C. (Center) The Octagon House, Washington, D. C. (Right) 101 The Octagon House, Washington, D. C. (Left) Samuel Fowler House, Danversport, Mass. (Right) 102 Oak Hill, Peabody, Mass. (Left) Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Center) Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Right) INTERIOR WINDOWS AND CUPBOARDS 103 Pierce-Nichols House, Salem, Mass. (Left) Dalton Club, Newburyport, Mass. (Right) 104 Isaac Royall House, Medford, Mass. (Left) Kittridge House, North Andover, Mass. (Right) 105 Webb House, Wethersfield, Conn. (Left) Morris House, New Haven, Conn. (Right) 106 Jeremiah Lee House, Marblehead, Mass. (Left) Forty-eight Rridge Street, Salem, Mass. (Right) SCALED DETAILS 107 McCreery House, Litchfield County, Conn. 108 McCreery House, Litchfield County, Conn. 109 Major Nicholas Davis House, Limington, Me. (Upper) Amos Baxter House, Hampton Falls, N. H. (Lower) xv List of Plates PLATE 110 The Stephen Swett House, Newbury, Mass. 111 Wentworth-Gardner House, Portsmouth, N. H. 112 Frederick Starr Carter House, Sharon, Conn. 113 Lime Rock, Conn. (Upper) Smithtown, N. H. ( Center ) 114 Wentworth-Gardner House, Portsmouth, N. H. 115 Wentworth-Gardner House, Portsmouth, N. H. 116 Washington Chamber-Webb House, Wethersfield, Conn. 117 Webb House, Wethersfield, Conn. 118 Webb House, Wethersfield, Conn. 119 Old Gate, Farmington, Conn. 120 Dalton Club, Newburyport, Mass. 121 Herman B. Smith House, Lime Rock, Conn. 122 Colonel Willoughby Tebbs House, Dumfries, Ya. 123 House near Exeter, N. H. 124 Typical Beads for Vertical Boarding (Upper) Typical Summer Beam Chamfers (Lower) 125 Typical Eighteenth-Century Stenciled Patterns and Coloring for Floors CHRONOLOGY OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS Mid-Seventeenth Century Plates 1, 2, 3, 57, 58, 72. Late Seventeenth Century Plates 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 59, 72. Early Eighteenth Century Plates 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 34, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 105. Mid-Eighteenth Century Frontispiece Plates 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 58, 60, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 103, 104. Late Eighteenth Century Plates 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 68, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 104, 105, 106. Early Nineteenth Century Plates 33, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 83, 84, 85, 86, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103. XVI COLONIAL INTERIORS W C/5 D . O c/5 C/5 i-C < V-H C ^ erf < - £ z X o w J < m COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 2 ( M i d-S even teenth Cen tit ry ) Stephen Swett House Newbury, Mass. (See Plate no) >4 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 3 {Mid-Seventeenth Century) Stephen Swett House Newbury, Mass. ( See Plate no) T n Ip if T jj ^ g~j {Mid-Seventeenth Century) John Ward House Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 4 ( Late Seventeenth Century ) Capen House Topsfield, Mass. ( Late Seventeenth Century) John Whipple House Ipswich, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 5 ( Late Seventeenth Century) John Whipple House Ipswich, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 6 (Lute Seventeenth Century) CAPTAIN Lee HOUSE East Lyme, Conn. COLONIAL INTERIORS pi ate 7 ( Late Seventeenth Century ) COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 8 ( Late Seventeenth Century) Hart-Burnham House Ipswich, Mass. ( Early Eighteenth Century) Stenton Germantown, Pa. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 9 ( Early Eighteenth Century) Henry Sewall House Secretary, Md. (Early Eighteenth Century) COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 1 1 (Eurly Eighteenth Century) LOWER BRANDON Prince George County, Va. COLONIAL INTERIORS Piute 12 ( Early Eighteenth Century) Adden House Reading, Mass. ( Early Eighteenth Century) Morris House New Haven, Conn. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 13 ( Mid-Eighteenth Century) Isaac Royall House Medford, Mass. ( Mid-Eigh t een th C en tu ry ) Governor Wentworth House Portsmouth, N. H. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 14 ( Mid-Eighteenth Century ) Champion House East Haddam, Conn. ( Mid-E igh teen th Cent it ry ) Whitby Hall West Philadelphia, Pa am e CO O oc w H Z HH z o h4 o u A w A t/a O 3 U c X >T 05 W 3 Q O o > U COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 16 (Mid-Eighteenth Century) ISAAC RoYALL HOUSE Medford, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 17 z ~ VlVl'l'lVi'l't 1 V«V,v,i|y,i.y,»,v,., V|V| , (V pills ( Mid-Eighteenth Century) Colonel Willoughby Tebbs House Dumfries, Va. ( See Plate 1 22) COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate I 8 ( Mid-Eighteenth Century ) Colonel Willoughby Tebbs House Dumfries, Va. ( Sec Plate 122) Plate 19 c /3 o 1—1 w H £ < M £ O I— I o u Wayside Inn South Sudbury, Mass. Whitby Hall West Philadelphia, Pa. r"~! COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 2 1 ( M id -E igJi teen th C entu ry ) The Old Manse Concord, Mass. ( Late Eighteenth Century ) Kittridge House North Andover, Mass. u'lLatf' COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 22 (Late Eighteenth Century) QuiNCY HOUSE Quincy, Mass. ( Late Eighteenth Century) McCreery House Johnson’s Hollow, Litchfield County, Conn {See Plate 108) COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 23 McCreery House Johnson’s Hollow, Litchfield County, Conn. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 24 ( Late Eighteenth Century ) McCreery House Johnson’s Hollow, Litchfield County, Conn. (See Plate 107) ( Late Eighteenth Century) Jeremiah Lee House Marblehead, Mass. Jeremiah Lee House Marblehead, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 27 (Late Eighteenth Century) MAJOR NICHOLAS DaVIS HOUSE Limington, Maine ( See Plate 109) ( Late Eighteenth Century) Jeremiah Lee House Marblehead, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 28 {See Plate 1 1 7 ) ( See Plate 1 16 ) Webb House Wethersfield, Conn. ( Late Eighteenth Century ) COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 30 (Late Eighteenth Century) DAUNTLESS CLUB Essex, Conn. Tookermann House Dover, Del. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 32 c/> Z z x 3 a § > H £ 0 6 2 , is d Q tq < 5 W £ h COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 33 (Early Nineteenth Century) Pierce-Nichols House Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 34 ( Early Eighteenth Century) Graeme Park Horsham, Pa C O L O N I A I INTERIORS Plate 3 5 o i ( M id-Eighteen th C on tit ry ) Governor Wentworth House Portsmouth, N. H. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 36 ( Mid-Eighteenth Century ) Shirley Charles City County, Va, - i f i COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 37 (Late Eighteenth Century) JereMIAH Lee HOUSE (Mid-Eighteenth Century) DALTON CLUB Marblehead, Mass. Newburyport, Mass. i p r i COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 38 ( Mid-Eighteenth Century ) Dalton Club Newburyport, Mass. ( See ritltc I 2C.) ( Late Eighteenth Century) Mount Pleasant Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 39 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 40 (Late Eighteenth Century) 4 g Rridge STREET Salem, Mass. ( Late Eighteenth Century) 10 Chestnut Street North Andover, Mass COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 4 1 (Late Eighteenth Century) Samuel Mather House Old Lyme, Conn. N' " ' ' ''0- U '• , ,,, minin , , ,,,, {Late Eighteenth Century) T Jeremiah Lee House Marblehead, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 42 Cook-Oliver House Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 44 ( Late Eighteenth Century ) 402 South Front Street Philadelphia, Pa. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 44 ( Late Eighteenth Century ) Third and Delancey Streets Philadelphia, Pa. ( Late Eighteenth Century) Jessup House Westport, Conn. ( Late Eighteenth Century) Upsala Germantown, Pa. ( Late Eighteenth Century) 80 Federal Street Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 45 ( Early Nineteenth Century ) 14 Pickman Street Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 46 f til f f r f rr ft r f rr f f f f r < f r r rr r f r r « , u j mmm Bm : [, v 'i-Zrr&i '' ' W > |gf|| ■ - ,r m 'mm- K • m i&~k . jE ” T -'i ' V|P T I 1 3 ® 4 JHHB j fkMjp t < ( Early Nineteenth Century) The Octagon House Washington, D. C. lilWMwin’ lt,vi *W' * nwwnwintrm, 3 J 4 4 4 4 4 * 4 4 1 4 ft ( Early Nineteenth Century) Elm Street Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 4 7 The Octagon House Washington, D. C. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 48 ( Early Nineteenth Century ) Oak Hili. Peabody, Mass. (Early Nineteenth Century) 393 ESSEX STREET Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 49 '■WIWIVIIW -r- — r- aa%»»aRssg 2S! j .**. t*. *». t». «*. ££.£t.ji 4 jd,.u.jjnn S%aK.9.'-.«-:fct4 u>^v*V ^ »V* *> • ^ f 2*5^L'^^* V^ # >*.*/ u-^rjV.fS *>~ t k '„ , ,/r . IBR I§j$ <* •:i* cW ’ C* Cis ill Hi jjf ■■ . * j§ v • w#* ( Early Nineteenth Century) Wister House Germantown, Pa. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 50 iii! ri ** ^ ^ ^ ^ /Aifc/j j/j j Vs **»« *‘.« v; (Early Nineteenth Century) Pierce-Nichols HOUSE Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Piute 5 1 ( Early Nineteenth Century ) Pierce-Nichols House Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS late 52 ( Early Nineteenth Century ) Essex Institute Salem, Mass. ( Early Nineteenth Century) Richard Derby House Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 53 ( Iiarly Nineteenth Century ) COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 55 • r/ m ptmm nr nimnmm n h > m m > i j ; 1 1 m j j u iiiiiiiiiliiiii ijjijjiiu. TTTTI Short House, Salem, Mass. 202 Essex Street, Salem, Mass, (insert) Short House, Salem, Mass. Chestnut Street, Salem, Mass, (insert) {Early Nineteenth Century ) COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 56 ( Early Nineteenth Century) LlNDALL ANDREWS HOUSE Salem, Mass. (Early Nineteenth Century) 393 ESSEX STREET Salem, Mass. . ! COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate yj (Mill-Seventeenth Century) WlNSLOW HOUSE Marshfield, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 58 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 59 ( Late Seventeenth Century ) Craddock House Medford, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 60 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 6 1 ( Early Eighteenth Century ) Henry Sewall House Secretary, Md. . COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 62 ( Early Eighteenth Century) YVl-STOVFR Charles City County J COLONIAL INTERIORS PM* 6 3 (Early Eighteenth Century) LOWER BRANDON Prince George County, Va. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 64 (Early Eighteenth Century) GLEBE HOUSE (Mid-Eighteenth Century) WHITBY HaLL Woodbury, Conn. West Philadelphia, COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 65 (Early Eighteenth Century') RqXBOROUGH (Mu, -Eighteenth Century) W HITBY HALL Philadelphia, Pa. West Philadelphia, Pa COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 66 ( Mid-Eighteenth Century) Tuckahoe Goochland County, Va. (M id- Eighteenth Century) Independence Hall Philadelphia, Pa. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 67 (Mid-Eighteenth Century) GOVERNOR WENTWORTH HOUSE (Mid-Bightcnth Century) INDEPENDENCE HALL Portsmouth, N. H. Philadelphia, Pa. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 68 (Late Eighteenth Century) SoUTII SlXTH STREET (Mid-Eighteenth Century) WlIITRY HALL Philadelphia, Pa. West Philadelphia, Pa COLONIAL. INTERIORS I’late 69 ( Mid-Eighteenth Century) Whitby Hall West Philadelphia, Pa. Cliveden Germantown, Pa. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 71 (Miil-Eiglitecntli Century) g £ L M STREET (Mid-Eighteenth Century) HOPE LODGE Salem, Mass. Whitemarsh, ] COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 72 COLONIAL INTERIORS I’ltite 73 ( Laic Eighteenth Century) Jeremiah Lee House Marblehead, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 74 Whitehall ( u,c Eighteenth Century ) 4C b eacon Street Anne Arundel County, Md. Boston, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 75 ( Late Eighteenth Century) Kittridge House North Andover, Mass, COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 76 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 77 ( Late Eighteenth Century) Sigourney House Hartford, Conn. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 78 (Late Eighteenth Century ) Bowker House Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 79 ( Late Eighteenth Century) Front Street Philadelphia, Pa. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate So COLONIAL INTERIORS (Late Eighteenth Century) KlTTRIDGE HOUSE North Andover, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 82 ( Late Eighteenth Century) Rochambeau-Vernon House Newport, R. I. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 8 U-(ilc Eighteenth Century) COOK-OLIVER House (Early Nineteenth Century) WATERS HOUSE Salem, Mass. Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 84 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 85 ( Early Nineteenth Century) 202/4 Essex Street Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS P i ate 8 6 Ularly Nineteenth Century)' y HE0IX)RE B A GLEY HOUSE (Early Nineteenth Century) M OSES WILLIAMS HOUSE Bristol, R. I. Jamaica Plains, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 87 {Mid-Eighteenth Century) lsAAC R 0 Y A LL HOUSE {Mid-Eighteenth Century) D A LTON CLUB Medford, M A ss. Newburyport, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 88 ( Mid-Eigliteentli Century) (.Mid-Eighteenth Century) SHIRLEY (Mid-Eighteenth Century) HARWOOD HOUSE Chari.es City County, Va. Annapolis, Mo. COLONIAL INTERIORS COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 91 ( Mid-Eighteenth Century ) ( Mid-Eighteenth Century) (.Late Eighteenth Century) Hope Lodge Belmont Mount Pleasant Whitemarsh, Pa. Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 92 (Lair Eighteenth Century ) (Late Eighteenth Century ) COLONIAL INTERIORS Plated (Late Eighteenth Century) ROCKINGHAM HOTEL (Late Eighteenth Century) MOUNT PLEASANT Portsmouth, N. H. Philadelphia, Pa COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 94 ( Late Eighteenth Century) (Lute Eighteenth Century) The Admiral Cowles House Huntington House Oldgate, Farmington, Conn. Old Lyme, Conn. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 95 (Late Eighteenth Century ) George Read House New Castle, Del. Plate 96 (Late Eighteenth Century ) George Read House New Castle, Del. 0 C/3 X % h-H (X w J s n w 1 < o ^ o U COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 98 ( Early Nineteenth Century) ( Early Nineteenth Century) ( Early Nineteenth Century) Essex Street Pierce-Nichols House Pierce-N ichols House Salem, Mass. Salem, Mass. Salem, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 99 (Early Nineteenth Century) OAK. HlI.I- Peabody, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 100 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate ioi (Early Nineteenth Century) OCTAGON HOUSE (Early Nineteenth Century) SAMUEL FoWLER HOUSE Washington, D. C. Danversport, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 103 (Early Nineteenth Century) PiERCE-NlCHOLS HOUSE (Mid-Eighteenth Century) DALTON CLUB Sai.em, Mass. Newburyport, Mass. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 104 (Late Eighteenth Century) Webb HOUSE (Early Eighteenth Canary) MORRIS HOUSE Wethersfield, Conn. New Haven, Conn. COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 106 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 107 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 108 /////ss/ c '//&■ COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 109 c n £ 0772 cMa/of' cVtc/olas flam's c/tfouje -t T 72 1 njr / o n ~ c/wat/ie. & * COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 1 10 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 1 1 1 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 1 1 2 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 1 1 3 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate I 1 4 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate i x 5 (§ le r/atio/z COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 1 1 6 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 1 1 7 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 1 1 9 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 120 COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 1 21 COLONIAL INTERIORS I 1 late 1 22 ~ Cf fie ° CCo-Tff '1/all ~ Colo net KJtll 'oagfiiz/ fTehho DumJ^fleo ~ JrTnce Chlltam Sca/e (£ £ezra.£-ion •5 c <7 le f or" fle/ai/s Ytfy OILS& ounly tnta Jca/e F/an '///// ////TV^/ COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 123 c7k j c ry?/ace % 9 a// Sca/e P/ezscz/to/y I/20 » beetle jPe/at/s . cPo uje 72 e a (3 x e (^7tr&a772f?s/727p — COLONIAL INTERIORS Plate 124 COLONIAL INTERIORS I* late 125 PLATES BY MOSS ENGRAVING CO., NEW YORK P R I N T E D BY GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 3 3125 01465 7734