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the 
 
 41 ‘ ^ 
 
 | JEWEL HOUSEI 
 
 O F 
 
 jg A rt and Nature l I 
 
 4 E C O K T A I NIKS, 
 
 jS Divers Rare and Profitable Inven- 
 
 :§£ tioos 3 together with fundry new Experiments in 
 
 *^§5 the Art of Husbandry* 
 
 WITH 
 
 f Divers Chimical Conclufions concerning the Art 
 
 of Diliiilation, and the rare pradifes and ufes thereof. 
 
 Faithfully and familiarly fetdown, according to jg- 
 
 the Authours own experience. 
 
 € By Sir Hugh Plat of Lincolns Inne, Knight. 
 
 Wherunto is added, A rare and excellent Difcourfe 
 
 of Minerals, Stones, Gums, and Rdi ns ; with the vertues 
 and.ufc thereof By D, B H Gent* 
 
 41 
 
 1* 
 
 «gS LONDON: Printed by Bernard difop, and are to be 
 ibid at his houfe in Grub 8 reer>near the Upper Pump, i < 5 ^ 3 . 
 
 nfWiWfWWff 
 
To the Munificent Lover of all Lear- 
 ning, the Right Honourable, Boulftroad 
 
 Whitlock, one of the Lord Commiffion- 
 ers of the great Seal of England, &c. 
 
 My terd^ 
 
 lere is not any thing in Nature fo 
 churlifh to its felf, which indeavo- 
 reth not to its own prote&ion , it 
 being the bufinefs and delight of 
 Nature to prote& her felf. But to protedf the 
 Arts is a work (my Lord) which requires a 
 Head of Honour, the depth of whofe know- 
 ledge can underftand their Myfteries,and the 
 Height of whofe Dignities can countenance 
 their Merits. 
 
 In thisTreatife your Honour fhall finde 
 lively reprefented how wonderfully Nature 
 doth a&uate , whether you look upon it as 
 Nature Naturing, which is God j or, Nature 
 Naturcd, which reflets onely on compound- 
 ed Bodies ; and, as the Philofophers do de- 
 fine , is the beginning of their Motion , and 
 their Reft. 
 
 Your Honour may here behold the latter 
 A a in 
 
The Eptflle "Dedicatory . 
 
 in all her Beauty ; and obferve how Induftri- 
 ous is Art to woik her up to her Quintefence 
 of Perfection ; from whence many ineftima- 
 ble T reafures may be derived to advance as 
 well the Mind as the Body of the Creature, 
 and to improve the glory of the Creator. 
 
 My Lord , you have read that Art doth 
 perfect Nature, which can never more pro- 
 perly be underftood than in this fence } for 
 althoughNature appears a molt fair and fruit- 
 ful Body , and as admirable in her variety as 
 abundance;yet the Art, here mentioned,is as a 
 Soul to inform that Body to examine and to 
 refine her aclions, and to teach her to under- 
 hand thofe abilities of her own, which before 
 lay undifeovered to her. 
 
 My Lord, This is a Subbed which is wor- 
 thy of the greateft and the graveft apprehen- 
 sions, and deferves the nobleft Patronage y by 
 which your Honour fhall obliege both, Art 
 and Nature ; and more particularly him, who 
 is, 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 Tear weft humbly 
 devoted fervant i 
 
The Table. 
 
 1. C llndry new and artificial ways for the keeping of fruits and 
 ^ flowers in their fiefh hue, after they are gathered from their 
 
 ffalks and branches. 
 
 2. A perfpe&ive ring that will difeover all the cards that are near 
 * him that wearethit on his finger. 
 
 3 . How t© carry gold in a moil feeret manner. 
 
 4. How to keep or preferve any foul,or other peeceof fltfb/ound 
 and fweet,the fpacc o; three weeks, or one whole moneth together, 
 notwithilanding the e^ntagioufnefleof the weather, 
 y How to defend f refh water a long time from putrifadion* 
 
 A Merchants compalfe , whereby he may know upon what point 
 the wind blows, in his bed-chamber, and in the night time^vithoui 
 beholding the skie,or any vane abroad. 
 
 7, How to feed and fatten hens 5 chickens, geefe,ducks,&c.in a more 
 e'-eap manner, then hath £5 yet been made known or common to 
 the wcrldi 
 
 84 How to write a letter fec'retly, that cannot eafily bedifeerned, 
 or fufpe&ed* 
 
 9. How to brew good anj wholfome beer without any hops at alL 
 
 10. How to harden ieather,fo as-the fame {halllaf! much longer lit 
 the fuckers ©f pumps, then it doth unprepared.. 
 
 1 1. A conceited chafing-dilh, to keep a difh of meat long hot upon 
 the tafe’e, without any coles therein. 
 
 / 12, How to roaflmcat more fpeedily, and with leflefire then we do 
 in our common manner. 
 
 23. To make a new piece of Walnut tree, or Wainfcot,to be of one 
 felf fame colour with the old. 
 
 i 4 . How t© turn five fpits with one hand, whereby alf© much fire is 
 faved, 
 
 3 Ji A probable conje&ure at the composition of hard wax* 
 
 1 $, To help VeHifon that is tainted* 
 
 37 - A piftol of two foot i® lengtfyo deliver a bullet point blank at : 
 eight fcore; 
 
 i8i A Piece whereby to perform fome extraordinary fervice. 
 ip. To make green wood burn clear at the further end of the Oven* 
 ao How to walk fafely upon a high feafFold,wkhoiu any danger of 
 falling. 
 
 a;. A round ball of copper to blow the fire with. 
 
 2 How to ered or build over any brook,a cheap wooden bridge^ 
 of forty or fifty foot in length without fattening ©f any Timber 
 work within the wa.e-r. 
 
 2$^ A cheap Lan thorn to carry a light lit any ftormy weatherj/ith* 
 * «at any defenfative before ^ ' •* ' ' 3 
 
The Table k 
 
 / 
 
 *4* To plum up a horfc,to keep him from tiring in his travel, and 
 to make him toam at the bit* 
 
 3 y. A drink for travellers to be made Ex temp® re,when they wans 
 gftodbeer or ale at their Inns # 
 
 2 6* How to induce ones hand in molten lead* 
 
 27* To hold an hot iron bar in a naked hand. 
 
 2$* Sweet cakes made without either fpice or fugar. 
 
 Z9, One candle to make as great a lijitas two or three* 
 
 30. Timber made to laft long in water works* 
 
 31* To clofe the chops of green Timber* 
 
 31, To grave any de rife upon an Egg~fhel 3 and to through cut the 
 fame. 
 
 33. An apparanee of ftrange forms in a glaflei 
 
 34, Ink to be carried in the form of a powder, 
 
 3 y To write both blew and red letters at once. 
 
 36* Ink kept from freezing and molding* 
 
 3 7. How to dravr any pattern by a desk -ot glafle. 
 
 38. Helps for the fpeedy attaining the fecretary hand* 
 
 39 % To help ink when it waxeth thick. 
 
 40. To renew old letters chat arc aim© ft worn out* 
 
 41* To (peak by figns onely. 
 
 42 Limning with colours drawn from flowers- 
 
 43 A ready way to learn the A 3 B a O. 
 
 44 To grave and inlay colours into all the mectalji 
 4? To make bad paper to bear ink* 
 
 46 To make an egg to ftand alone without any help* 
 
 47 To harden the white of an egg into a gum a 
 
 48 A cheap candle or lamp for poor folks* 
 
 _/ 4 9 To refrefh the colours of old ojlpi&ures. 
 
 5^ An excellent cement for broken glaftes. 
 i 1 To dry gun-powder without danger of fire, 
 y 2 To draw filhtoa certain place in the night by a candid 
 /- S3 A bait to catch fifhwith. 
 
 54 To draw fiih into a tramelj 
 yy Diversgood baits to catch fifh with, 
 
 $6 A ready way to catch Pigeons* 
 
 57 A worm to catch birds with. 
 
 58 To catch Crows Jackdaws, &c. 
 
 r 59 kill SeapieSj Seagull 3 &c, 
 
 6o To gather Wafps r 
 
 V J° k fP Scents nnrt hangings from moth eatinel 
 
 To help beer that fowreth or is dead, . 
 
 6% To help a chimny that is on firc,prefentlv 
 <54 To have ^eafifhall the yearlong, 
 
 6 $ To make beer ftale, quickly. 
 
 66 Fofteal bees, ' , 
 
 67 To make a tallow candle laft long 
 
 of wies > ** 
 
 /. 
 
 r 
 
The Table , 
 
 4p To prevent drunkenneffe, 
 
 70 A n excellent tent for a Diamond, 
 
 7,1 Oyl or vernifh made to dry fpcedilyl 
 
 71 To fetch out any fiaio* 
 
 73 To help wine that reboilethl 
 
 74 How to make Braggct* 
 
 7y Clarifying ©f honey in an excellent manner. 
 
 75 To make an artificial Malmfie. 
 
 77 To keep Gafcoign wine good 3 a long time. 
 
 78 T@ keep walnuts good andmoift a long tine* 
 y- 7-9. To preferve the glofle of Spanifh leatherj 
 
 So To help fmoking chimneys. 
 
 81 Tinder and matches lweet 5 andof a new kind, 
 
 8 2 Anexcelleat mixture to fcour pewter withall* 
 
 83 To defend a horfe from flies in his travel* 
 
 '■y 84 To kill Rats in a Garner* 
 
 8 y To take away the offence ofnolfome vaults* 
 
 S'weet and delicate dentrificesjor rubbers for the teeth] 
 
 87 T© help horfe and man that is tender footed. 
 
 ^88 To keep. Oyfters good ten or twelve days. ' 
 r %9 To keep Lobfters 3 Cray A flies. Prawns^ &c. good and fweet, 
 fame reafonable time* 
 
 To make fmooth or glittering floores ©r walls. 
 ja pr^To make Parchment tranfparent. 
 
 A cheap morter to be ufedin buildings^ 
 
 $ 3 A concerted drinking glafs, 
 
 74 To diflofve Gold, and to part it from gilt Silver* 
 py To know when the moon is at the full by a glafle of Water* 
 x $6 To melt down iron eafily. 
 
 97 To put fcveral wines in one glafs. 
 
 X 
 
 98 7 he Art of Memory, 
 
 99 T© make a conceited projedion cither upon Sol or luna^ 
 
 Xo© To nip aglafs, Hermetice* 
 xoi A Waggon t© be drawn with mem 
 101 A delicate ttove to fweat in * 
 
 J03 Tfe art of refining of Sugar! ^ 
 
 104 A Philofopbical difeourfe touching fundry new forts of foyle 
 or Marl, for the better manuring of patture or arable grounds^ 
 with divers conceits «f Husbandry, not heretofore publifhed* 
 loy The manner of drawing or extrading of the Oyis out of herbs 
 or fpices,with all necefsary circumftances. 
 
 106 How to redifie the faid Oyis. 
 
 307 Diners fpecial ufes of the faid Oyls,rj©t heretofoie publifliecL 
 208 Divers fweet.or hand.waters made car tempore with the faid eyls. 
 109 How to make fundry forts of dainty butter with the faid Oyis* 
 Xio To make any cheefe t© rafte of your aforelaid Oyis 
 Sli Wholefoineand comfortable Manus chrlfti for weak ttomacW 
 ’AAA P. fyjSjfo excellent kinds of Boulesale made with the fai i oyis. 
 
 " S13 Worffiwoeg 
 
The Table. 
 
 s 1 3 Wormwood wine made very fpeedily,and in great quantity, 
 
 1 14 How t© fweeten the Oyl of ^Imondswich the aforefaid «>yh’ 
 f© as the fame may ferve »hc Perfumer in ftcad of the Oyl ojf gen t 
 r i y How to draw Oyl of wax, amber, Jet, turpentine, 
 
 1 ; 6 Of exprefsed Oyls 
 
 >17 How to make Cinamon water, 
 
 *18 How to make the extradion of all herbs. 
 
 1 19* How to make fait of herbs* 
 
 1 20 Hew to draw and redifie a fpirit of wine in divers manners, as 
 well With fire as Without fire* 
 
 iii To make Claret mount up in a red cloud into a glafs of water^ 
 —123 To extra d £h.e Spirit of any vegetable o r herb 
 124 To give a pretty grace in tail: and property to the fpirit of wipe'j 
 ity How to draw the fpirit of hon-y. 
 
 116 How to difth Rofe. water, both good cheap, and at Michael- 
 mafs^and to have as good yeeld as at any other time of the year, 
 12,7* How' to dry R©fc ieaves,©rany other Angle flowers in fuch 
 fhape'as they grow, without any wrinkles, fo as a bufhel of moiffc 
 leaves fhail become a bufhel in meafure when they be dry, and 
 how to keep rofecakes and rofe leaves ail the year without jvorrnSi 
 
 1 18 Rcfewater and Rafe-Vinegar of the colour of the R operand fo 
 of the Cowflipand Violet vinegar^ 
 
 1 29 How to diflil Wine vinegar or goodAliger, that it may be 
 both clear and fharp for fauce or other ufes 
 
 2 30 How to keep the juice of Orenges and Unions all the yeari 
 
 1 3 1 How ro purifie and give an excellent fmel and taft to faliec Oyli 
 332 How to diilblve both Coialand Pearly 
 233 How to elarifie without any difliliarjon,as wel the Whitc,as the 
 Claret wine vinegar, wherewith to make gallies,or other fauces. 
 
 3 34 To make any decodion, whether of diet drink or other, in the 
 fummer rime,to laft longer then otherwife it would without help, 
 
 137 How to draw the true fpirit of Rofes,and all other herbs,&c . 
 13 6 How to draw the trueaqd Ample Oyl of Rofes^ 
 
 137 Ypocras made fpcedily* 
 
 13 8 A touch at Borax chyiflqftnus, 
 
 i£? How to make Camphite remain liquid in the form of aoOyl* 
 140 ^mardficial extraction of that fweet firrup of Raifins,&c. 
 
 $41 How to preferve Danilon5 ) Chenies,Pear.plums,Goofeberries, 
 Sfc.in their own juice or flrrup without the addition of Rofewa ter- 
 343. The art of Molding and Calling* 
 
 ^ 343^^ new kind of fire, of lef : charge then ordinary with Sea-coalsr 
 144 A VefTelof Wood t© brew or boil in* 
 
 14? A booking Hu ch. 
 
 14^ /! portable Pump. 
 
 147 A whokfome,laflirrg,and frefli victual for the Navy. 
 
 148 A fpeedy way for the inning of any breach, 
 
 149 A light garment, and yet fuffieient again Rail rainy weather* 
 He An additional difeourfe ©f fcveral forts cf$tenes,Minera!s, &c 
 
 Divers* 
 
Divers new and conceited 
 
 from 
 
 Ihe which there may be lundry both p ? ea 
 fing and profitable uies drawn, by them char 
 have either wit, or will, to apply them. 
 
 Sundry new and artificial ways for the keeping of 
 fruits and flowers*, in their frifhhue , after they are 
 gathered from the fialks or branches. 
 
 ^u(e new Forms of Lead to be made, 
 either round or fquare, that may fit 
 the bigneffe of your flower, or tiuic 
 which you mean to keep, in every of 
 which forms place one fiower^Cher- 
 ry, Plum, or Pear, hanging 6y the ftalk in fuch 
 manner as it grew , let thefe forms be well fitted 
 with their apt covers, and fodered very clofe with 
 foh Coder, which will run with a (mail heat, Co as 
 no air enter , bury them deep in a fhady place, 
 where the Sun may work no penetration. Some 
 commend a fandie, and fome a gravelly ground, 
 above all other for this purpofe,but if they be well 
 fodeied, I think any ground will fervethe curn,or 
 if you think good* you may hang them by lines in 
 iome cool and running brook. Or elfeyoumay 
 
 B put 
 
2 
 
 The Jetvel-Htafe ef 
 
 put every feveral fruit or flower in his feveral ear- 
 then pot well leaded within, and covered with ear- 
 then covers, well burnt and leaded likewife cemen- 
 ting or doling them together with the Goldfmiths 
 wax or cement, con fill mg ol Hone- pitch, rolen, 
 powder of brick,and luch like' although fome con- 
 tent themlelves with molten brimftone, and others 
 with yellow wax and rofen , molten and well 
 wrought together.) Thefe little pots you muft place 
 within greater, and thele greater within velfels of 
 wood, Hopping up every breathing place that you 
 can imagineffor here I can allure you that the ayr 
 will be a player,unlelTe you can keep ic out of the 
 Alley perforce. } If you would afterwards bury 
 thefe veffels, then were it requifite to pitch them 
 well, both within and without, but if you mean to 
 place them onely in cool and frelh vaults or fellers, 
 then may you very well fpare this defenfative, fo 
 as the cask be ftrong and tite of it felf. Yet fome 
 commend the keeping of fruit or flowers in glaffes 
 made of purpofe for them, to be the befl of all o- 
 thers,lo as the glaffes be made with long necks, and 
 be nipped (bermciice ) with a pair oi hot tongs, the 
 manner whereof you fhal! And hereafter fee down 
 num too. I dare not commend in ally bjgh terms, 
 the dipping of fruit in wax well tempered with 
 lorne Turpentine. } Piteh, Rolen, fweec fuet,or Bar- 
 rows greacetwhere alfo fome would have the fruit 
 fir ft wrapped in paper, t© keep it the cleaner, al- 
 though 1 know there is fome what to be pern tied 
 this way in fome kinds of fruits which begin to rot 
 from the outward parts inwardly. But if the Amt 
 begin to rot firft at the core^as theKatht rin pt j & 
 divers other lorts of fruit do, then all the outward 
 
 covers 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 covers and tncioiures whatioeverfyea though they 
 were dipped in diffolved Amber which is counted 
 the pureft and mo ft defenfative garment of all the 
 reft)wil never be able to turn nature out of her bi- 
 as. Here alfo fharp fpirited wits have imagined that 
 if fpirit of wine wel rectified, were glutted with the 
 imbibition of any flower, untill it could work no 
 more upon the fame, that thereby it were poflible 
 to preferve any flower of the fame kind,along time 
 therein.But this is to be underftood onely of the dry 
 leaves which bring nothing elfe but the tin&ure 
 and ftrength of the hearb with them, and not of the 
 moift leaves, which will leave a putrifying flame 
 behind them, which in time will help to corrupt 
 the fpirit. Now me thinks I fee a whole troop of 
 gallant dames attending with their liftning ears, or 
 rather longing with their great bellies, t© learn fome 
 new found skil,how they may play at chop cherry, 
 when cherry time is pad. Wel, to give thele Ladies 
 fome content, I will unfold a fcroul which I had 
 long finceas carefully wrapped up as ever any of 
 theSybelsdid their fatal prophefies, wherein I will 
 make them as cunning as my felf (faving onely that 
 I will referve one ftrange venue to foil a feholler 
 withailif need be. Thefecretis fhort, let one ele- 
 ment be included in another,fo as the one may have 
 no jccefs, nor participate with the other. But this 
 peradventure is too Phylofophical for women. 
 Then receive it Ladies with plain terms into your 
 open laps. For want of glafles with broad skirts 
 ( whereof notwithftanding I do think there are e- 
 nough to be had if you can be fo gracious with 
 the matter of the Glaff-houfe) caufe new Pewter 
 veffels of fome large reception to be made and of 
 
 £ 2 the 
 
4 
 
 The lewel-HouJc of 
 
 the f afhion of bell Saltfellers , with divers eyes or 
 hooks hanging in the infide,at the which you muft 
 fallen the cherrks,by their ftalk$,and hang them fo 
 as that one may not touch another, the skirts of 
 which vcffds you muft compafs with leaden rings 
 of fuch weight as may be able to prefle them down 
 tothebottomeof feme leaded pan, wherein you 
 muft place them, having firft filled the pan almoft 
 full with fair water, prepared as is here.lec down, 
 num. 5 deft by putrifadtion of the water,the cherries 
 alfo begin toputrifie with it.Yet here you muft be 
 careful! that the cherries hang within theayrof 
 thefe inner veffels* not touching the water, which 
 may happily rife one inch or fomewhatmore with- 
 in the innermoft skirts of them* And thus the air be- 
 ing kept cool and defended from change (whofe al- 
 teration from heat to cold, and from moifture to 
 drinefs 5 is the principal means of the ruinating of 
 all mortal bodies ) will preferve fuch cherries as it 
 receiveeh in charge for two whole moneths ar the 
 leiftas I have long fince proved. And peradventure 
 if you makechoife of found fruit gathered after 
 two or three fair days together,the deaw being (uf- 
 ficiently drawn from them by the Sun , you may 
 yet keep them fomewhat longer.Butthe onely plea- 
 sure ot this fecret is performed in glafTes through 
 whofe perfpicuity after lome reafonable quantity 
 of water fit ft removed or divided, one may difcern 
 Weekly in what plight they are. It feemetb very 
 probable that if Cherries as they hang upon char 
 branches,and before they co^e to their full m ru- 
 nty were included in aneanhen veffdJ of ion.ere- 
 cipte 5 having a party cover wi h a hole in the nud* 
 deft, divided into two^cquail parts, and every 
 
 breathing 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 S 
 
 breathing place wel ftopt or luted,and the Sun fuf- 
 ficiencly defended from thepot, that fo the fruit 
 would keep frefh a long time upon the tree wheron 
 it grows. This fee ret extenderh generally to al Irak.. 
 And it is not much unlike to thefpreadiog a Tent 
 over a Cherry tree about fourteen days or three 
 weeks before the Cherries were ripe, prafiifed by 
 a Surrey Knight not many years fithence 3 whereby 
 he did greatly backward the tree in his bearing, 
 now and then watering the Tent in a funny day 
 with cold water 5 whereby the ftrength of the Sun 
 beams became very weak upon the tree, and when 
 he was difpofed to ripen them fpeedily 5 he with- 
 drew the vail 3 giving a freer paflage to the hot 
 and fcorching beams of Phoebus. By the help of 
 fame one of thefe,or of fome other of the like kind 
 and quality it was my hap to prefent untoa lace 
 Lord Mayor of the City of London 8 green and 
 frefh Artichokes upon twelf day, with a (core 
 of frefh Orenges, which I had kept from Whitfun- 
 tide then la ft paft 3 at which time I .was alio furnifh- 
 edwith 2 OO' Artichokes for my own provjfton* 
 which continued a fervice at my table all the Lent 
 enfuing, to the great contentment of fundry of my 
 guefts who would have been right glad to have di^ 
 ned with the fecret ouely. 
 
 A p erf^ pectrve Ring that mil difeover all the Cards 
 that are near him that weareth it on hu finggr* 
 
 A Chriftal ft one or glafs of she bignes of a two® 
 penny peece of filver 3 or. thereabout, being the 
 juft half oPa round bali or globe, and cut TiqTow 
 ^VU hiijjhaving a. good fylefweedy conveyed wuhin 
 
 B ^ m& - 
 
6 
 
 The Iewel-Houfe of 
 
 the concave fuperficies thereof, and the ftone it fel£ 
 neatly polifhed within and without,wtl give a live- 
 ly reprelentation to the eye of him that weareth it 
 of all luch cards as his companions that arc next 
 him do hold in their hands, efpecul y if the owner 
 thereof do take the upper end ot ihe table for his 
 place, and leaning now and then on his elbow, or 
 ftretching out his arm;, do apply his Ring aptly for 
 the purpofe. I have difeovered this fecret rather to 
 difeourage young NovefTes from card-play, who 
 by one experiment may onelyguefs, how many 
 flights and coufenages,are daily pra&ifed in our di- 
 cing and gaming houfes, not doubting but that the 
 general publication thereof will make the fame fo 
 f amiliar with all men, as that I {hall not juftly be 
 charged of any to have taught old knaves new 
 fchool- points. 
 
 This fecret is as yet meerly French, but ir had 
 v been long fince either denized, or made Englifh, if 
 there could have been found any fufficient work- 
 man among ft us.that could have fyled the ftone fo 
 artificially as it ought to be.Therebe l'ome Englifh 
 Knights that can fufficiently telfifie the truth hereof 
 by that which they have feen amongft the French 
 gamefters. 
 
 3 . How to carry Gold in a m>ft fecret manner. 
 
 M F.lt down fomc Gold, and mixe therewith a 
 fufficient quantity of Leadf but then you fhal 
 be forced to reft the fame before you can recover 
 your Gold again,) and this is the moft lecret way of 
 all ehe reft,becaufe there will be no fhew or appea- 
 rance of Gold either within or without, but the fe- 
 paration will be fomwhat troublelome.but if you 
 
 would 
 
Art and Nature, 
 
 7 
 
 would carry Gold about you in luch manner, as 
 that without any other mans helpj you may divide 
 the Gold your (elf from the mettal wherein you 
 convey it ,then caft bullets of Gold in a piftol mold, 
 which you may fo aptly hang within fome mold 
 of greater bore, that may fit the peece which you 
 carry with youfwhich will be alfo a good means 
 to remove all fufpicion of art ) as that by pouring 
 of Lead round about them,they may ferve in ftead 
 ofcoars to your greater bullets, which with a fmal 
 heat are foon parted in funder* But if you would 
 carry coin,then dip your Angels or Crowns in mol' 
 ten Lead that is not over hot,& convey them by art 
 Within fome fmall and feat Leaden weights, that 
 may agree with the Aver eiu poiz * Some commend 
 the powder of Marble, mingled with molten Rofin, 
 to lap Angels or other coin in, before it be through 
 cold. There be alfo divers Philofophical ways for 
 the fecrettingof So/ and Luna, but thofe arerefer- 
 ved for higher purpofes. 
 
 4* How to keep or preferve any Fowl or other peece of 
 Ficfhy found and fweet for three weeks , or one whole 
 Monetb together , no twiih (landing the contagicuf- 
 nefs of the weather. 
 
 Ake a ftrong Brine, fo as the water be over- 
 
 glutted with fair, and being ftalding hot, pen’ 
 boil therein the Fo wl or Flefh winch you would 
 preferve fome reaionabie time, that is to fay, accor- 
 ding to the greatnefs or g/ofTnefs thereof, then hang 
 it up in a convenient place, and it v> il la ft a fuffieient 
 time without any bad ot overlain tl taft^ts I car* *e- 
 ilifie ot eiy own v> thought good 
 
 to 
 
The Jewel Houle <tf 
 
 8 
 
 to be pyblifhed both for the better prefervation of 
 Mutton, Veal, and Venifon, whereof a great deal in 
 this land is yearly loft,in hot and unfeaionable lutn- 
 mers, as aifotor the beiicfic of our Enghfh Mari- 
 ners, which ate forced fometimes to visual them- 
 feives in fuch untemperate climates, where no flefli 
 will laft fweetfour and twenty hours together,by 
 reafon that they have ro means to make the fame 
 to take fait, which without all queftion will enter 
 this way, and penetrate very fpeeoily by realon of 
 the hot ana fiery fpirit of fak thus prepared. Some 
 do ufe to perboyl their Fowl, after they have taken 
 out the garbage, and then do dip them m Barrows 
 greace, or in clarified Butter, till they have gotten 
 a new garment over them, and then they lay them 
 one by one in ftone pots, filling the (tone pots up to 
 the brim with Barrows gre ce or clarified Butter, 
 wherein they do prick (ome Cloves, andfprnkle 
 dried fait upon the uppermoft face thereof pi cing 
 the pots in fome convenient cool place, (topping 
 them very dole, and they will keep fweet and good 
 a moneth together. 
 
 5, How to defend frefh water a long time from pu- 
 trifaction • 
 
 T O fo manyCasks as you fil with water,take the 
 number of empty casks, and w 'en your waret 
 begins to change draw it forth into your frefh ca^ks 
 ( being fweet and good ) and to a Hogf hrad put 
 one pound of the beft Brim ftone beaten to pow- 
 der, and incorporate it well wich your water, and 
 your water will keep good and lwe< t many mo- 
 neths together/ome have ufed to adde a good quan- 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 9 
 
 . . • r 
 
 tity of fait, but I have known by good experience, 
 that it may be as well preferved without it. Soeim 
 and others that made triall of many experiments in 
 this kind, do chiefly commend the firft way Amply 
 by it felt, for that fait giveth a brackiih tail, and may 
 notagreefo wel with many mens bodies. If your 
 veflels be kept very clofe, and are pierced about the 
 middle, it will adde much to the benefit which you 
 defire to find hereby. Thefe few conceits I have 
 thought good to impart for the benefit of the whole 
 Navy of England , for the which here is provided 
 more dainty cates, then they have been hitherto ac- 
 quainted withall. 
 
 6. A Merchants Compaq whereby he may knew upon 
 what paint the wind blows in his bedchamber, and 
 in the night time, without beholding the skie or any 
 vane abroad. 
 
 F A ften a large vane, to a long iron rod,let the fame 
 ale through the midft of the roof, or fome o- 
 ther part, that may bell agree with the room where- 
 in you mean to place the fame, and let the irorrfteel 
 thereofjCome through the fealing of your chamber, 
 and at the end of the rod let there be a fharp index, 
 that may point upon a table of wood (which for that 
 purpofemuft be drawn, withal the parts of the wind 
 upon it like a MarinersCompafs)to chat wind which 
 blow eth. You mu ft have divers ftaies of iron by the 
 way as the rod paffeth to keep it upright, having 
 holes rn the midft of them,and wrought with lappets 
 at the tides , wherein to fatten nail* to a long poll, 
 which for the fame purpofe mu ft be placed within 
 the garret, between (he fealing of your chamber and 
 ' \ C the 
 
10 
 
 The lewel-Hou(e of 
 
 and the roof thereof .Note that the index and the cdg 
 of the vane oiuft always ftand upon two direCt con- 
 trary points* 
 
 7. How to feed and fatten H ens,Chickens,GeefefDucks, 
 dfc.witb divers other forts of Fowl, in a more cheap 
 manner, then hath as j et been made known or com - 
 won to the world . 
 
 I Know divers that have contented them (elves, to 
 feed and fatten them with grains onely, whereof 
 they have made a great benefit unto themfelves; by 
 reafon of the ea fie price for which they are fold. But 
 if you take the blond of beafts whereof the Butchers 
 make no great reckoning 3 filling ftone pots there- 
 with 3 whofe covers may be full of fuch holes 3 as that 
 the flefh flies in fummer time 5 mayeafily get in and 
 out at the fame 5 you fhall find the bloud by means of 
 the flie-blows and putrefaction together 5 wholly con* 
 verted into white andglib wormsf which the anglers 
 call Gentils) which will fatten them exceedingly 3 and 
 make them eat moft tenderly. A Dutch man that 
 firft praCtifed this fecret in a Noble mans houie of 
 England^ whole fowl for the tendernefle of their 
 fle£h$wa$ highly commended of all his guefts) had 
 yearly ftipend of twenty nobles conferred upon him 
 by his Lord 3 during his natural life 5 for the difeove- 
 ry of the fecret. Yet I could wifh that thefe worms 
 did firft fcour themfelves either in mefle, loam 3 or 
 bran 3 before they were fcattered amongft the fowl : 
 And if notwichftanding this help 3 thefood fhall fee m 
 ofFenfive to our weak ftomacks 3 efpecially being 
 made acquainted with it before hand 5 then receive the 
 fame in a better form 3 and in a Tweeter manner at my 
 
 hands 
 
Art and Nature* 
 
 hands, who have always defired to give ail the grace 
 which I might to any lecret of good uie Boil this 
 bluud with fame (lore of bran amongft it (perhaps 
 grains may fuffice, but bran is the better) until! it 
 come to the nature and fhape of a bloud pudding, 
 and therewith feed your fowl as fat as you pkafe* 
 and this will be both a cleanly and a wholfom feed- 
 ing for them. Some commendjCarrotSjturnipSjParf- 
 oips,and Fompeons,firft fodden, and then fomebran 
 or courfe pollard mingled therewith. You may feed 
 Turkic* with bruifed scrons , and they will profper 
 exceedingly with them. Some to fatten their Ca- 
 pons fpeedily, put them into coops, wherein each 
 bird hath a feveral room divided from the reft, be- 
 ing fo ftraight and narrow as that the hen or capon 
 may onely feed hjmfdi and rooft therein, not being 
 able to turn his body, thereby perfwading them (elves 
 that wanting motion and exerciie he will foongrovv 
 to be fat 3 aod of gre&ce* Some do ufe to keep them 
 without meat till they be exceeding hungry , and 
 then they give them their fill. Others do foke chip- 
 pings, and other crufts of bread m brokenbeeror 
 flatten milk,wherewith they do afterward feed their 
 capons: out of all thele a good houf wife will eafily 
 chufe both the likelieft and the belt. . 
 
 8, How to write & letter fecretly^ that cannot edfil) be 
 dif covered or fufpeffied* 
 
 W Rite your mind at large on the onefideof 
 the paper with common ink, and one the o- 
 ther fide with milk, that which you would have fe- 
 crer , and when you would make the fame legible, 
 hold chat fide which is written wit^ ink to the fire, 
 
 C 2 and 
 
12 
 
 Tbeleml Houfe of 
 
 and the milky letters will fhew blewifh on the other 
 fide.Or elfe rule two papers of one bignefs with lines 
 of an equal diftance, make the one full of glafs win- 
 dows,tbrough which you mult write your mind up- 
 on a fecond paper, then fil up the fpaces with fome 
 other idle wordsrbut if all were made to hang toge- 
 ther in good fenfe, it would carry the lefs fufpition. 
 Each friend mu ft have one of the cut papers to read 
 all fuch letters as fhal be fent to him,and this way of 
 writing will trouble a good decipherer to bring into 
 perfect fenfe. Alfo you may firft write a letter that 
 may carry fome good fenfe to your friend, but let the 
 lines be wide afunder.Then between thefe lines write 
 your fecret letters with gall water onely^whcrein the 
 gals have been inf ufed but a fraal time ( for if after 
 you have written with it there be any fenfible color 
 left behind on the paper, you rauft throw away that 
 water and make newjTbis being dry and of one co- 
 lour with the pa per, will give no caufe of fulpition, 
 and the rather becaufe the letter purporteth a fuffici- 
 ent fenfe already. Now for the difcovery of it you 
 mu ft diflolve fome copprcfs in fair water. Sc with a 
 fine calaber penfii firft dipt in the copprefs water, 
 you mull artlymoift the interlining of your letter, 
 and thereby you fhall make it fnfficiently legible. 
 This is one of the mol't fecret ways that I know.But 
 yet the fineft conceited way of all in my opinion, is 
 the clofe carria ge of a letter in a lawn or Cambrick 
 ruff or handkerchief, which a man may wear for his 
 taeceffary ufe, without the defacing ot any one letter 
 contained therein. And this ferveth rooft fitly for a 
 love letter, which may without a! fufpico of friends 
 be eafily pn fenced in a handkerchif.to any gentlewo- 
 man that ftandeth well afk&ed to her fecretary. 
 i ' ‘ ~ . ' There 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 There is alio a ready way without changing the Al- 
 phabet^ write ones mind fpeedily upon paper, and 
 yet the fame not to be deciphered without the help 
 ol a roling pin of the fame fcantling with that where- 
 on it was fir ft written. But thefe two latter conceits 
 Cfor fome reafons beft known to my fell )I may nor 
 fo boldly impart as otherwife l would. 
 
 $. Now to Brew good and wbelfom Beer without any 
 Hops at ad. 
 
 S ince my profeffion in this book is in fome fort to 
 anatomize both Art and Nature,without any re- 
 gard of private mens proAts,whom it may either ef- 
 ccntially or accidentally touch:I am bold therefore 
 without craving any leave to do good,r© renue or ra- 
 there to confirm & ratifie an ancient opinion & pra- 
 $ife,which long fince in the great dearth and fcarci- 
 ty of hops many Brewers of this land have been for- 
 ced to put in ufe for the better fupportation of theit 
 weak & declining declining efiates.But becaufe they 
 failed in proportion^ without the which there can be 
 nothing compleator abfolute)they Differed a good 
 conceit to die in the birth. And no marvel then if 
 wormwood, notwithftanding it be a Ample fo highly 
 comended of all the ancient and new Herbarifts for 
 his great and Angular effe&s in Phyfick, be in a 
 manner utterly abandoned of all the Brewers of our 
 time(except few athat can make a diffetece between, 
 5 s. and 5 l.charge,when hops are fold for 5© s.the 
 hundred , feeing as yet not any one of them bath fo 
 darkly wrought upon this Ample as to cover and 
 hide the tafte thereof, from the well mouthed Ale- 
 conners of this Common-wealth. Which weak- 
 aeffe of theirs becaufe it conAfteth wholly in the 
 
 C 3 want 
 
4 
 
 The Jevpel Moufe of 
 
 want of a due proportion between the Malt and o- 
 ther beer corn in refpedl of Wormwood, I have 
 thought good to fee down a fufficient dire&ion, tor 
 fuchas are wife and willing to do good both to 
 themfelves and to their Country, whereby they may 
 eafily even in one days practice attain to the lull 
 perfection thereof. 
 
 Suppofingthen that your Wormwood is either 
 cut down in the leaf before it be feeded,or being fee- 
 ded that it is cut into fhorc pieces, whereby there 
 may be made an equal! mixture ot the whole bulk 
 together ( for you mull note,that the feeded tops are 
 much ftronger and more oyly then the reft of the 
 leaves or ftalks) make firft a decodtion or four oun- 
 ces of hops with nine gallons of water ( which is the 
 proportion that fome Brewers in fome forts of drink 
 do ufe) and when you have gotten out by ebulition 
 the full ftrength and venue of them , keep the fame 
 apart,and begin likewife with fome fmall propor- 
 tion of Wormwood to the like quantity of water as 
 before 5 and when you have tallowed as much time 
 and fire herein, as you did about the hops, then tafte 
 each of them by it fdf , and if you find the fame to 
 exceed the firft in bmerneffe, jhen begin with a lets 
 proportion of Wormwood, and fo reiterate your 
 work, until! you have equally matched the one 
 with the othe f ", then may you fafely proceed by the 
 rule of proportion to a barrel, and from thence to a 
 tun r andfo to a whole brewing. Neither let the ex- 
 ceffive bitternefs of Wormwood in his prefent tafte 
 any thing difmay you, for if you did but tafte the de- 
 co&ioirof hops onely before the mixture of the 
 ground Malt ( which doth wonderfully fweeten the 
 fame) you would think it a very unapt liquor to be 
 
 wrought 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 wrought up into io pleafing a drink as our ordinary 
 beer doth fhew it lelf to be* For it is the hop onely 
 which maketh theeffential difference between Beer 
 and Ale s and that by allaying the exceeding lufciouf- 
 neffe of the Malt,with his bitternefTe 3 whereby both 
 uniting them f elves together, become a favory and 
 wholfome drink for mans body. Which may be as 
 well io every refped performed with Wormwood 
 as with the Hop, yea and peradventure with Centua- 
 ry, Artichoke leaves, or Aloes hipatique , as fome 
 work-maiers have confidently affirmed untome. 
 And though theHop be ufual in drink and the worm- 
 wood onely in medicine* whereby fome may hap- 
 pily be perfvvaded , that it is inconvenient for men 
 that are in health to drink a medicine continually to 
 their meat, yet let this be a fufficient anfwer to that 
 obje&ion, that it is the dofe onely that maketh the 
 difference herein. For I can allure you in my own 
 experience, and by the experience of one of the bed 
 experienced Brewers of London , who yet liveth, 
 that if you give a double or treble quantity of good 
 Englifh Hops, to an ordinary guile of ftrong beer, 
 you Ihal find the fame to be a fufficient preparative 
 to your body for the be ft purgation that fhall be mi- 
 ni ft red after, And this can one of the right honou- 
 rable Peers of this land fufficiently witneffe, who 
 together with fome good part of his retinue, having 
 well rafted at a dinner of fuch beer, as ( fey the mif- 
 prifion of the brewer of Englifh hops for Flenufh 
 hops) was fo over hopped, that both himfef^and the 
 reft of his family that was then about him , were 
 fuddtnly lurpnzed with a great loofneffe. And this 
 is the reafon why Venice Turpentine which being 
 miniftred in a fmall dole is given for the ftrengthen- 
 
 M& 
 
16 
 
 The Jewel- Uouje of 
 
 ing of the backhand to flay the running of the reins, 
 yet if it be taken in the quantity of an ounce at once, it 
 will purge fufficiendy in divers bodies, fo then either 
 let there be no more tafte of wormwood then there 
 is of hops in our drink s anci we ftial find no difference 
 in effelb, but iuch as fhail commend and grace the 
 wormwood beyond the hop$ or elle let beer be ad- 
 vanced with the hop te the bitteinefs of wormwood 
 wine, and fo we fha’l find the hop far to exceed the 
 wormwood in his maligne quality.Neither would I 
 have any man to think, that I do either wrongfully 
 intrude upon other mens pofleffions, or prefumptu- 
 ou fly undertake a charge which I cannot perform, 
 for I am in by difcent,and have contii ued 5 years in 
 jpoffeffion at the leaft,and therefore am not eafily to 
 be removed without a Philofophical action commen- 
 ced againft me. And becaufe you fhail further know 
 that 1 have fome reafonable skil in my trade, I dare 
 undertake without the help of any yea ft at al,to bring 
 the wort either of Ale or Beer to his perfeft work- 
 man flrnpf wherein it fhal continue at the lead 6 or 7 
 days together) without any intermiflion,and that on- 
 ly by aPhilofophical ftirring up of the fire of nature 
 which fhail extend and fpread it felf a centre ad cir - 
 cumferentiam/ill it havedigefted the whole body to 
 his perfect ripeneffe or maturity. Thus much I have 
 thought good to publifh for the credit of Worm- 
 wooded for the benefit of this Iiland in fundry rel- 
 ped , which I fhail not need to particularize at this 
 time becaule they are fo commonly known to all 
 “v men. And though I know I may be over weyed either 
 
 with the Founders Merchants , or with the great 
 Hop mafters of England, vvhofe foundation is fo 
 deeply laid, that a few loofe lines can neither fhake 
 
 nor 
 
Art and Nature. 1 7 
 
 nor ftir the famerycat either knowing, or at the lea ft 
 perfwading my fell to maintain the truth , before I 
 give it over I wiil crave the liberty of the fchools, 
 quod fiat controverfia. And in the mean time thofc 
 which will not be iatisfied,of the wholfom and rare 
 medicinable helps of the OBC,together with the weak 
 and feeble vertues of the other ( which was but 
 a Hedgebird the other day though now it be perking 
 fo proudly upon its poles ) I will refer them to the 
 learned Herbals of Diofcorides, Matheolus, Do<ftor 
 Turner, Dodoneus,Tumizerus, and the reft. 
 
 1 o How to harden leather fo as the fame JhaM lafi much 
 longer in the fuckers ofpumps,tken it doth unprepared. 
 
 T His fecretis fo neceflary for the whole land, as 
 that I muft crave pardon of ray cfpceiall good 
 friend for the difeovery thereof. Lay fuch leather 
 as is well tanned to fofce in water wherein there 
 hath been fome ftore of the filings of iron a long 
 time, or elf. in the water that hath lain long under 
 a Grind (tone, into the which fuch iron as hath been 
 from tLtne to time ground away, hath fallen, and 
 there fetied. This hath been found to be a fecret of 
 good ufe, by one of the Pump-makers of our time, 
 and if thou canft pump out any better ufes of this fe- 
 cret,take them in advantage, and remember where 
 thou hadft them. 
 
 si. A conceited Chafing di[h to keep a difi) of meat 
 long hot upon the 7 able without any coles therein. 
 
 L Et the difti be fome what deep,and caufe the cha- 
 fing difh to be mad£ of fuch fhape as may beft 
 receive the fame, into the which you may convey a 
 
 D peece 
 
8 
 
 The lewel-Houfe of 
 
 peeceof iron red hot, the fame being of an aft form 
 to lie in the bottom of theChafing-difh.This wil co- 
 tinue his heat a long time, and if you have one other 
 {pare iroh to heat as the firft cooleth, you may keep 
 any difh of meat warm as long as you think good. 
 From this ground did thole warming pins firft 1 pring 
 which of feme are called Froes, aud being put into 
 their cafes, and thofe cafes wrapt in linnen bags, do 
 ferve to heat beds with, and to caft one into a kindly 
 fweat* The like devife is alfo ufed by others in con- 
 veyiag of fuch iron pins into hollow boxes of wood 
 firft lined inwardly with mettal,and iron chefts, ei- 
 ther to lay under their feet where they ule to write 
 or ftudy in cold weather,or in their coaches to keep 
 their feet warm. The now diitrefTed King of Portu- 
 gal caufed a pair of wooden foies ro be made for a 
 pair of fhoes, which he had to fit in, which he would 
 warm at his pleafure with Mars well rubified. 
 
 12. How to rofi meat more fpeedily ana with lejje fire, 
 then we now do in our common manner . 
 
 M Ake a fquarc and concave box, or elfe of the 
 fafhion of a Cilinder of iron plates, or elfe of 
 wood lined with thofe plates, long enough and larg e- 
 nough lor fuch and fo many joints of meat as you 
 mean to roft at once , within which cilinder let the 
 meat turn as it rofteth.For the reflexion of the heat 
 that is gathered within the box, will make great ex- 
 pedition. Nocethat the box mu ft onely cover the 
 meat^becaufe you are to leave a fire (if need be ) to 
 hang n a pot or kettle over the fame fireTt muft al- 
 fo be clofe on every fide/faving onely againft the 
 fi remand at the fides thereof you muft have flits to lec 
 
in rhe fpic.lhave heard oi the like devife heretofore 
 pra&ifed by an outlandifh potter in burnt clay, lor 
 the which he had his privitedge, but his device wan- 
 ted a cover , it was exceeding heavy very apt to be 
 brakeband not fo flrong in reflexion as this mettai® 
 line devife,efpecially it it be kept dean and bright* 
 
 1 3 . To, make a new piece of Walnut-tree or Wain (cot to 
 be of one f elf -fame colour with the old . 
 
 F irft ft rain Walnut rinds wel purified with feme 
 liquor, and with a Ipuoge rub over your wood 
 throughly wcll 5 and after it is dry,rub the fame over 
 again with good old Linfecd oy!,and it will become 
 of an excellent brown color.* then if the other wood 
 which you would have match with if, do much dif- 
 fer from the new in color, you rauft alfo with a fine 
 fandfeour of all the filth and greace of your old 
 wood, and then rub it alfo over with Linfeed oyL 
 Some take broken beer onely .By this means I had an 
 old wainfeot window,that was pieced out with new 
 wainfeot by a good workinan*and both became very 
 luitable and of one colour. 
 
 14. How to turn five (pits at once with one h&nd^wher 
 by alfo much fire b$ faved 9 
 
 Art and Nature* 
 
 * 9 
 
 Fa ften 
 
2 © 
 
 The Iemi Houfe of 
 
 F Afien five round fpits together, like the teeth or 
 tines of a mole-fpear, with a handle in the center 
 of them, let them be placed in a reafonable diftance 
 the one from the other, according to the bignefle of 
 the joints of meat that you would roaft upon them, 
 (I take them to be raofl apt for fowl)you muft alfo 
 haveacrofsofiron , having a hole in every corner 
 thereof, to receive the ends of thefe fpits, which may 
 be propped with a flay behind that it tall not back- 
 ward: Ufing thele fpits, you (hall not need to raife 
 your fire upon fuch high ranges as otherwife you 
 fhall beiotced to do, when one fpitis placed dire&- 
 ly above another* This fecretl have borrowed out 
 of Pope/V#* the fifth,his Kitchin,. 
 
 Ij. A probable con]e&ure y 4t the composition. of hard 
 faJPaxc. 
 
 T* Am verily"perfwaded that the effential parr 5 ifnot 
 JL the whole body thereof 5 is made of the gum Lacca 
 peradventure refined a little, or incorporated with 
 fome other apt body. For I havefealed therewith 
 oftentimes, and do find the fame to agree with hard 
 wax, in the perfed taking of the impreflion ©£ the 
 feal, in the manner of the burning, in the fftiell, and 
 in brittlenefs* It onely differeth in clearnets and co- 
 lour. I have heard that the Barbarians do make a 
 bright and orient crimfon colour therewith upon 
 leather, for which purpofe it is much fought for in 
 England, to tranfport into Barbary. 
 
 : 1 du 7b help venifon that is tainted . 
 
 I F it be much tainted v cut away all the flefh that is 
 green, and cut out all the bones, aad bury it in a 
 ‘ shin 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 21 
 
 thin old courfe cloth a yard deep in the ground for 
 12 or 20 hour* fpace, and it will befweet enough 
 to be eaten, as I am informed by a Gentlewoman of 
 good credit, and upon her own pra&ife* 
 
 I y.tio w to make aPtftol tvhefe barrel- is 2 foot in length 
 to deliver a bullet point blank at eight / core . 
 
 A Pi ft ol of the aforefaid length, and being of the 
 petronel bore, or a bore higher, having eight 
 gutters fomewhat deep in the infiae of the barrel, and 
 the bullet a thought bigger then the bore, and fo ram- 
 med in at the firft three or four inches at the leaft, 
 and after driven down with the fcouring ftick, will 
 deliver his bullet at fuch diftance. This I had of an 
 Englilh Gentleman of good note for an approved 
 experiment,, 
 
 l8. A peece whereby to perform fome extraordinary 
 fervice either byfea or land, 
 
 C TAufe a long barrel to be madej and of the bore 
 joi a Tennis bal,oi five or fix foot in length and 
 well flocked , having within twelve inches of the 
 mouth thereof , a hooking iron of four inches in 
 length forged to the neather part of the piece , by 
 which hook you may ftay your piece by fome rail, 
 or other peece of Timber, whereby you may lately 
 difcharge the fame, without fear of any recoil upon 
 you. Ileave the full ufe thereof to be found out by 
 Martial men.This invention I had of the fine lymner 
 of Lambeth, being a Gentleman of good coneeipt in 
 all ingenious devifes, 
 
 D j To 
 
ip. To make green wood to burn deer at the further 
 
 end of the Oven . 
 
 I F you bum green wood in m Oven , it burned* 
 fomwhat clear towards the mouth of the oven, but 
 commonly black and deadifh at the further end, 
 whereby the oven is never fuffie^ently heated to bake 
 welhYou fhaii find a remedy thereof in this manner* 
 Divide the mouth of the oven into four equal parts, 
 and caufe a bar of iron to be made as longer fome- 
 wfaat longer then the mouth of the oven, and in bredth 
 one exa$ fourth part thereof. Faften this bar over- 
 thwart wife in the middle point of the oven mouth, 
 and this will make a partition between the fire and 
 the air,fo as theayr will paffe under the bar to kin- 
 dle the fire^and the flame will iflueover the bar, and 
 io the fmo^e which before did choke the fire , will 
 alfo have his paffage. 
 
 20. How a mm may walk fafely upon a high f raff old of 
 piece of T imberjwitbout danger of falling . 
 
 T His is eafily performed by wearing of a pair of 
 fpedades, whofe fights muff be made io grofs, 
 as that he which weare:h them may not difeern any 
 thing a far off,but at hand onely. For it is the fight 
 onely of the fteepneflc of the place , that bringeth 
 the fear and overturned* the brain. By this means I 
 have heard that the Englifh man which difplayed an 
 ancient upon a fcaffold near the top of the pinacle 
 of Pauis fteeple, did help himfelf in his defperate at- 
 tempt* 
 
Art &nd Nature* a 2 
 
 21* A round ball of Copper or Latten , that will blow 
 the fire 'very ftrongly, onely by the attenuation of wa- 
 ter into air 3 which device will alfoferve to perfume 
 with . 
 
 M Ake a round bal of copper or lat?in,of the big- 
 neffe of a (mail bowlffoder thereunto a round 
 pipe or neck, of three or four inches in length, and 
 fomwhat leffe then a Goofe quifat the end whereof* 
 in the manner of an elbow, ioder on a leffe pipe no 
 bigger then a ftraw 5 whofe vent in the end may not 
 much exceed the bignefs of a pinhole, let al the joints 
 and fides be fodred with fiiver foder, heat the fame 
 well in the fire, and then put it into a veffel of cold 
 water,and it wil fuck fome of the water unto it, you 
 may heat the fame fo often,till by the peize thereof 
 you maybeaffured that it is more then half full. 
 Then fet this ball upon a few glowing coles, and you 
 fhall find the fame to give a very ft tong blaft again ft 
 the fire which you mean to kindle,dire$ing the nofe 
 of thefe bellows towards the fame. Imakenoque. 
 
 ftlon but that it is polli- 
 ble with a very final 1 
 help to melt down either 
 gold or fiiver with thefe 
 bellows, & that the fame 
 may be made fo large as 
 thet they will blow one 
 whole hour together 5 
 withoutany interaffffi- 
 on. If you make a little 
 round ball of fiiver in 
 this manner 5 onely withafmai! and freight pipe, ti~ 
 iingout of the body theieof,you may pus feme role- 
 * ~ ,water 2 . 
 
*4 
 
 The I ewel-Houfe of 
 
 water 5 or fome other fweet fenting water therein 5 and 
 therewith perfume your chamber,and by this means 
 a fmall quantity of fweet water will be a long time 
 in breathing out* 
 
 2 a. Hoi v to ere% or build over any brook , or [mill ri- 
 ver and wooden bridge of 40 or 50 foot in 
 
 length ^without fanning any timber work within the 
 water. 
 
 P Eece the Timber work in fach fort as that it 
 may refemble an arch of ftone, make the joints 
 ftrong, and bind them faft with cramps or dogs of I- 
 roojlet this bridge reft upon two ftrong pillers of 
 wood at either end , both being well propped With 
 fpurs,and at either end of your bridg make a ftrong 
 buttrefs of brick, mto the which you muft let your 
 pillers & fpurs,that by no means they may fhrink or 
 give backward, then plank over your bridge and gra- 
 vel it,and it wil laft a long tinae.This is already in ex- 
 perience among ft us. 
 
 23 .A cheap Lantern^ wherein a burning candle may 
 be carried in any ftormy or windy weather , without a- 
 ny horn y glaJ\paper^or other defenfative before it , 
 
 M Ake a four fquare box of 6 or 7 inches every 
 way, and 17 or 1 8 inches in length, with a loc- 
 ket in the bottom thereof,clo(e the fides well either 
 with dove tails or cement, fo as they take no air, 
 leave in the midft of one of the fides a flit or open 
 dore^to put in the candle, which from the bottom to 
 the top thereof, may contain 6 or 7 inches in length, 
 and two and a halt in breadth, place your candle in 
 
 the 
 
Art and Nature* 
 
 2$ 
 
 the locket, and though it ft and 0- 
 pen and naked to the air w ithout 
 any defence, yet the wind wil have 
 no power to extinguifh the fame, 
 
 Thereafon teems tobe 3 becaufe 
 the box is already full of ayr 5 
 whereby there is no room or 
 place tocontein any more,neithe 
 can the air find any through pal 
 fage, by reafon of the clofenefte 
 thereof. The locket would bt 
 made tofcrew in and out at the bottome, and then 
 you may put in your candle before you fallen the 
 focket.This is borrowed of one of the rare ft Mathe - 
 maticians of our age. 
 
 2 4. How to plom up a horfe^and make him fat and lu» 
 fiy.as alfo how to keep a jade from tiring by the way % 
 and to make him to foam at the bit ^ 
 
 T Ake anula campana , Comminfeed, Turmerick, 
 and Annifeeds,of each a penny wonh 5 and feeth 
 them well ( with three heads of Garlick among ft 
 them well ftamped)in a gallon of ale, then ftreia it, 
 andexprdfeas much of the fubftance as you may 
 well wring our, and give your horle to drink there- 
 of bloud- warm a fut quart at once, then ride him til 
 he be hotjthen ftable him Jitter hico well, and curry 
 him untill he be cold, do the like two or three mor- 
 nings together, and lo turn him to grafs, and he 
 will thrive wonderfully in a Ihort time. Some com- 
 mend a handtull of grunlel lodden in the aforefaid 
 Ale with the reft of the ingredients. But if you 
 keep him in the ftable, give him to eat in his proven- 
 der the roots of anula campana^ with fome Commin 
 
 E feeds 
 
The Ieuel-Houfe of 
 
 2 6 
 
 \ 
 
 feeds both beaten together 3 or the anula campana 
 fmall (bread for 14 days together 9 and it wil make a 
 lean Jade to thrive more in one raoneth, then other- 
 wife he would do in three. And when you ride a- 
 broad upon a hired Hackney 5 carry a good quantity 
 of the powder of Mula campana with you in fome 
 leather bag, and when others do bale their horfes in 
 their ordinary manner, yourhorfe being firft well 
 walked, littered, and rubbed, give him a handfull of 
 this powder in a quart of (trong ale with a horn, 
 and tie his head highh to the rack 5 & you need to give 
 no other or very little provender until night, then let 
 him be well meated , and give him in the morning 
 two peny worth of bread,and his ale with the pow- 
 der 3 buc water at night. This a friend of mine yet li- 
 ving, did learn of a good fellow that had been a rank 
 rider in his days, by whole means though his hack- 
 ney tired at Briftol,yet this companion for his better 
 incouragementjfeeing him out of al heaiqby reafon 
 that he was like to lofe fogood company as then 
 was gathered together, he exchanged horles with 
 him,and brought the hackney ( by the means afore- 
 laid j very quick and lively up toLondon* Alfo if you 
 tie a pretty bunch ofPenni-ioyal about the bit witn- 
 in the horfes mouth, the horfc champing thereon,wil 
 foam gallantly, and travel with much more courage. 
 Another Gentleman, who alfo attendeth upon a ve- 
 ry honourable perfon, told me, that whensoever he 
 found any Jade to tire under him, he would prefent 
 ly rake offhisfaddle, and with a good quantity of 
 ArsfmartCwhich is an hearb that grows almoft in e- 
 very ditch anti thnding water) rub him well on the 
 back under the faddle,& afterward lay a good quan- 
 tity of Arsfmart under the laddle 3 and io ride him a - 
 
 ny 
 
jirt and Nature * 
 
 *7 
 
 ny reafonable journy. Thefe feercts I thought good 
 todilcover for the benefit of all EngUfh travellers, 
 and I hope they are true,becaufemy authors are a- 
 live,and fpeak of their own experience, and not by 
 bare report from others , they do alfo carry great 
 probability with them. But now from the horfe to 
 the rider* 
 
 25. A fpeedy or prefent drink which travellers may 
 make for themfelves (ex tempore ) when they are di- 
 fir efied for want of good beer and ale at their Inne . 
 
 If Akea quart of good water , put thereto five or 
 fix Ipoonfuls of good aqua €ompofna y which is 
 ftrong of the Anmfeeds s and an ounce of fugar with 
 a branch of rofemary,brew them a pretty while out 
 of one pot into another, and tUen is your drink pre- 
 pared. Or it you leave out fugar it will be pleating 
 enough. I have been credibly informed that divers 
 Gentlemen of good credit when they travel abroad, 
 and cannot like the tafte or reliffa of their drink, that 
 they uk no other then the aforefaid compofition, 
 and find the iame both to refrefh and cool them 
 very well, neither are they troubled with the raw- 
 nets of cold water, by reafon that it hath received 
 fomecorrelfoon from the aquacompoftta , and that 
 the annifeed d- give a delicate rait unto it. It were 
 not a miffc for all fea men to orry Come flore of a- 
 qua Ft & with them,thac when their wine,cider,per- 
 ry,and hirer are ipent, they may tranfmuce their wa- 
 ter into the faid drink. 
 
 How ary may fafeiy put hit finger or hand into 
 molten had ^without danger of burning* 
 
 E 2 TTake 
 
The level- Ho ufc of 
 
 T Akeof quick-filver i ounce 3 Bo!e Armoniack 
 of the beft 2 ounces,Catnphire h alf an ounce, 
 common aqua vitae 2 ounces 5 fir ft beat 5 & then min- 
 gle all thele well together with a pcftle in a brazen 
 mortar, then anoint your bands all over throughly 
 well with this ointment, and be fure that your hands 
 are clean without itch or fcab.I did lee a Dutchman 
 called Hance, a pretty nimble Chymift, who alter 
 he bad fet fome lead on the fire in a melting pot, till 
 it became blewifh and exceeding hot, he ftirred the 
 lame with his forefinger up and down 5 pretending to 
 fee whether it were not too hot to endure in the palm 
 of his hand, and afterwards telling his fellow that it 
 wasol a good temper , he cauled him to pour the 
 lame out being fome half pound in weight into the 
 palm of his hand, firft prepared as before, and pre- 
 fentiy he poured it into the other hand,and fo out of 
 one hand into another 5 or 6 times together , till in 
 the end he threw the fame cold upon the ground. 
 This he did for a pot of the beft Beer in a garden in 
 Southwark about io or 12 years fince , in the pre- 
 tence of my felf and divers others, at which time I 
 writ the receit even as I did both fee him make ir, 
 and ufe it my felf,disburfing thecharg bochof Beer 
 and the ingredients. 
 
 a 7 How any man may hold a hot iron bar in his hand 
 without burning bitjlefb « 
 
 D p your hand in molten glew ( take heed the 
 glew be not too hot ) and prefently ftrew the 
 powder of horn burnt to afhes upon the glew, then 
 dip your had again in the glew,& ftrew more of the 
 faid pow-e thereon.Note that the thicker your bar 
 is, the thicker cruft you pauft make upon your hand. 
 
 This 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 2 9 
 
 This I learnedof an old and skilful man that yet li- 
 ved), and allured me that he had made often trial! 
 thereof. Qre . if this be not a good devife to defend 
 mantletrees , and other peeces of timber that (land 
 near the fire, from burning. Take an equal proporti- 
 on of filh-gleWjand alom,mingle them wel together, 
 the glew being firft diffolved in wine vinegar, then 
 parget over whatfoeverthou wilt with this coqipo~ 
 fition,and throw the fame into the fire, and it (ball 
 not burn. This out of the fetrets of trick erwito.Stc 
 C at dane de rerum varietate^ £ 44 . 
 
 2 8 Sweet and delicate Cakes made without either fpice 
 or fugar. 
 
 Q^Lice great and fweet Parfnip roots ( fuch as are 
 i 3 not feededjinto thin flices,and having wafhed & 
 fcraped them clean,then dry them and beat them in- 
 to powder, learcing the fame through a fine fear ce, 
 (Qre, if there might not be fome means found out 
 lor the grinding of them, whereby to make the grea- 
 ter riddance of quantity, )thes knead two parts of fine 
 flower with one part of this powder, and make fome 
 cakes thereof, and you fhall find them 10 tafi very 
 daintily. I have eaten of thefe cakes divers times 
 with veiy great good liking. 
 
 2 g How mth one candle to make as great a light as 0 - 
 tkerwife with two or three of the fame bignefie. 
 
 C *T Aufea round and double glafs to be made of a 
 large fize,and in fafhion like a globe, b-uc with a 
 great round hole in the top, and in the concave part 
 of the uppermoft glaffe place a Candle in a loofe 
 focket , and at iome hole or .pipe which mud be 
 made in the. fide thereof, fill the fame with fpirit of. 
 
The Iewel-Houfe of 
 
 wine, or fome other clear diftilled water that will 
 not putrifie,ancJ this one candle will give a great and 
 wonderful light, fom what refem6ling the iun beams 
 Note that this glafs is not much unlike to thole wine 
 drinking bowls that havejfalfe bottoms, wherein 
 Sack,or Claret wine may be corveyed with idr 
 water onely in the uppermoft part of the cup, wher- 
 by a plain meaning man may e?fily be deceived. 
 This conceipt of a Candida Gentleman of good ac- 
 counted my ef pedal good friend,did learn in Ve- 
 nice , where he was fhewed the lecret for a few 
 French Crowns. Ore* What light a candle would 
 (hew if it were placed in a large Cilmder like unto 
 a half Lanthom , all of Latten kept bright and gli- 
 ftring, the fame being inwardly garmfhed with di- 
 vers fteel looking glafTes, fo artificially placed, as 
 that one might refled unto another. I knew an ex- 
 3 pertjewdler,dwelling(whilefthe lived)in theBlack 
 Friers, who had a glals with a round 6elly,and a flat 
 back ftanding upon a foot , with a Lamp placed fo 
 at the backer part thereof, as that the light thereof 
 was juft oppoflre to the center ot the belly, through 
 which, the glafs being fir ft filled with fpirit of wine, 
 there would fo brim and glittering light appear, as 
 that by the help thereof he would grave any curi- 
 ous work in gold as welj at midnight as at the noon 
 day. 
 
 %o.How to make great pojls and pieces of Timber that 
 are to be driven into the earth ^or piles for water works 
 to lafi much longer then other wife they would . 
 
 J Have heard that the Venetians whofe houfes do 
 flad upon piles of wood, do ufe to burn or fcorch 
 the timber in a flaming fire, continually turning it 
 
 round 
 
Art and Nature. 3 o 
 
 round with feme engine, untiil they have gotten a 
 black and hard coalie cruft upon it 3 and fo they find 
 it to Jaft fome hundreds o f years, as it hath been re- 
 ported unto me* A Kentiih Knight of good worth 
 did alfo a fibre me,that they ufe to burn in this man- 
 ner the ends and points of their pofts , which they 
 drive into the ground 3 when they make their pales 
 and other inclofurcs.This fecret carrieth great pro- 
 bability with ir,for that by this means the outward 
 part of the wood is brought both rofuchahard- 
 nefie,and hkewife to luch a drinefs, utjum omni pu~ 
 trefaftio incipiat abhumido^ for want of moifture 
 and fappinefle 9 neither the element of earth 5 nor yet 
 of water 5 can make any penetration into it. 
 
 3 1 To make all the chops and clefts of green Timber 
 to dofe again . 
 
 A Noint or fupple well the green Timber which 
 you do expofe into the air , with the fat of 
 powdred beef broth, and fake it well with the f pur- 
 ges or penftls into theclilts or chops thereof 3 do this 
 twice over, and you fhall find the fame toanfwer 
 my report. Some Carpenters do ufe to dofe up the 
 great chops of wood, with greace and faw* duff min- 
 gled together', butthe firft T take to be the better 
 w«y 5 for that I have thereby fecn the timber to come 
 fo dofe together, as if it had never been windfbaken 
 at all 3 but note that the Timber muft be thus prepa- 
 red in timepand whileft it is green. 
 
 3 2 Howto grave any arms^pofies^or other d>vtfe upon 
 an egg fhefand how to throw* h cu> the fame with d- 
 vers works and fancies , which wdlfeem ve< y jtr&#ge 
 io fuch as know not the manner of the doing thereof. 
 
ThelewelHoufe of 
 
 D ip an egg in fuet being molten, fir ft the one 
 half, and then the other, holding the fame be- 
 tween your thumb and forefinger when you dip it, 
 let the fame cool in your hand 5 and being cold with 
 aiharpbo ikinor fome other inftrument of iron, 
 work or grave in the fuet what letters or portrait- 
 ure you will, taking away the faet clean, and leaving 
 the fhdl bare at the bottom of your work.Tf en lay 
 this egg thus ingraved in good wine vinegar 5 or ftiog 
 alliger in a glafs or ftone Potcinger,for fome 6 or 8 
 hours,or more,or lefs, according to the ftrengch and 
 fharpneffe of the vinegar, then take out the egg, and 
 in water that isbloud warm diftolvethe fuet rrom 
 the egg 5 then lay your egg to cool,and the work wil 
 appear to be graven in the fhel of a ruffet colourS^- 
 pm probat urn* And if the egg lie long enough in the 
 vinegar, after it is fo graven and covered with fuet 
 as before, the letters will appear upon the egg it felf 
 being hard fodden,or elfe it you care not to lofe the 
 meat, you may pick out the fame when the fhell i$ 
 through graven,and fo you fhal have a ftrange peecc 
 of work performed. Thofc two latter conceits I 
 learned of late, but I have not proved them,but in all 
 likelihood they fhould feem to be true. 
 
 3 3 An appearance of ft range forms in aglfijjc* 
 
 C ^Rind an Angel weight of fine leaf Gold, with 
 ounces of Sal Avmoniack upon a marble 
 tiil you can fcarcely dilcern any G©ld,then ^ketwo 
 parting Giaffeseach of them containing a pint, in the 
 one put the ground Gold with four ounces of good 
 {hong watcr,and in the other glade put lour ounces 
 of Mercury, with 8 ounces of aqua fertu , fet both 
 
 thefe 
 
Art and Nature % 
 
 thefe glaffes in warm afhesupon fome furnace, till 
 
 both the bodies be diflolved, then take a parting 
 glade of a quart^ and whil it the fub fiances being 
 diffolved are yet warme* poare the fame into your 
 quart glafs,bur firft you am I pu: in your ftrog wa- 
 ter wherein the Mercury was diffolved { f write ac- 
 cording to the pra&ife which I did fee ) and then 
 pour the other water upon that, and p ref end y you 
 fhall fee an extream thick blackriefs,which a Dutch 
 Alchimift and pra&ifer of phyfick that died of the 
 laft years plaguecupon the difcovery therofj would 
 maintain to be that nigri nigro mgrim^o much fpo- 
 ken of among ft the Pmlofophers, and after a while* 
 when the water began to be clear, then he termed it 
 cxM cbrifialinu^ after that did appear a continual ri- 
 ling & falling as it were of flakes of fnow ? w c h con- 
 tinued certain hours.Sfc then as it were a hii al cover- 
 ed with pearl, & that he called fepulchrum Mofis.bl 
 which compofidon having ftood one night, there ap- 
 peared divers fpires like blades of com or grafs,but 
 of a whitifh colour in the bottom of the ghfsjet in 
 the end,by a reverberatory furnefs he turned ail this t 
 great matter into a precipitate,and therfore it mu ft 
 needs be a Philofophical work chat did end in fo 
 great in arcanum .Yet the fame if it be truly perfor- 
 med, is worm the beholding, if it were to no other 
 end, then to pat us in mind of Democritm his Aj,omi y 
 which concurring together, at length engender bo- 
 dies. Tnere is a like work to be performed in hi- 
 ve r, whereby I haue feen feveral forms and fhapcs 
 of things fometime to Ipring up fuddenly v and fom- 
 times In a night or two, the fame fometime repre- 
 fencing trees, ilirubs, hedges, and flowers, and divers 
 other fhapes,and nacwithftanding many pra&ifes to 
 
 F find 
 
The lewehBcufe of 
 
 find out the reafon of the differences of v efe forms, 
 
 I could never yet make any one form twice,but that 
 nature would play fo infinitely, and at her own pJea- 
 fureherein,as though I did obferve a juft pro|.oiti- 
 on of all the ingredients of this magiftery, yet ( be- 
 caufe fhe found fome difference of peize when fine 
 weighed them in her own bal!ace)I had alwa es % fe- 
 veral & differing form from the lad which I made. 
 
 34 ^ portable ink to be carried in the form of a powder 
 in any paper ^leather purfe , or box. 
 
 I N Foder lane 3 or among the refiners of gold and 
 filver,get a large pan fuch as they make their tefts 
 o l bone a dies in,it is a deep difii made of burnt clay, 
 into this put fo much of the bed and farted coppres 
 that you can get , fet the fame upon a trevet over a . 
 reafonable fire of char cole, at the fird it wil diffolve 
 into a water, and after by continuing of your fire it 
 will grow drier and drier, dir the fa me continually 
 with a wooden fpattle into the midd of the pan,and 
 keep it from burning or hardning to the fides of the 
 pan,and when it is throughly calcined into a whitifh 
 powder, and before it become red, take it from the 
 lire, then weigh out of this calcined copprefs one 
 parr, one part of the bed gals well powdred 3 and half 
 a part of the cleared gum Arabeck well powdered 
 alfo* learce them all through a fine fearce 5 the finer 
 the better, and it will not be amifs if you ufe a lawn 
 fearce herein. Keep this powder in clofe boxes, and 
 in the warmed places of your houfe, and when you 
 will write there with, put fome of the powder into a 
 fpoon, adding thereunto fome water, wine, beer, or 
 vinegar, and ftir it well together a pretty while, and 
 
 when 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 when it bath feded a while , you may write there- 
 with, and as it drieth it wil grow blacker and black- 
 er up n the paper, till in the end k become very le- 
 gible. Tms I have often proved. Some commend dry 
 Lumas {'craped in water , and forced to a folutios, 
 wherewith to write inftead of a blew ink.But I think 
 it not amide firft to diflblve gum Arabick in the 
 water , to keep your ink the better from linking. 
 Tftefe forts of inks are very good for the fea , be- 
 caufe glades are fubjed to breaking , and though 
 you put your ink in leaden pots, yet in time it will 
 thicken exceedingly, and then every man knows how 
 troublefome it will be to the writer.I could here fet 
 down fome other forts of inks that be not common, 
 whereof fome wil fal from the paper in a fe w days, 
 and others would corrode or fret the paper in pie- 
 ces , but becaule I know but one good uie oi them 
 all,and for that I tear fo many bad ufes, or rather a- 
 bufes, Would follow if they were known and made 
 common 3 I will rather feem ignorant of them, then 
 become an author or helper unto bad men in their 
 bad purpoles. 
 
 3 5 Hove to mite both blew and red letters at once , 
 with one felff&me ink and pen^and upon the fame pa- 
 per. 
 
 v ’ - - ■ . ~ J - , _ 
 
 P Ut the quantity of aHafel nut of Lytmas blew 
 to 3 fpoonfuls of conduit water, wherein fome 
 gum Arabick is didolved , and when it hath fetled 
 the Ip ce of one hour , if you write therewith you 
 fhall have perfect blew letters_and if you dip a pen- 
 fil in the juyee of Lymmons , that is drained from 
 his refidence , and do wet fome part of the paper 
 
 F a there; 
 
The lewel-Houfe of 
 
 35 
 
 therewith, and after let your paper dry again, and 
 then write upon the place where the juyceofthe 
 lymmon was laid, with your former blew ink, the 
 letters will fuddenly become red, and in all the reft 
 of the paper the letters will be blew* And fo you 
 mayalfo make party letters and other fancies , if 
 you wet your paper accordingly, Sapim proha- 
 turn . 
 
 3 6 , To keep Ink from freezing and 
 moulding . 
 
 P llt a few drops of a qua vita therein, and then it 
 will not freeze in the hardeft winter that can 
 happen,and in Summer time if you put fait therein, 
 it will not wax mouldy, as I have been credibly in- 
 formed. 
 
 3 j> Hqw to draw any grojje pattern of any heaftjowl^ 
 Tree , Fruity Flower , Perfonage , or other piBurs 
 whatfoever. 
 
An and Nature. 
 
 Y Ou muft have a desk of the cleared and eveneft 
 glals that is to be bought , yet I have feen our 
 Suij'ex glafs to ferve the turn fufficiently (and loijie 
 ufe the skin of an abortive Lamb, finely drefled and 
 ftreined fttff upon a Frame) upon this desk you muft 
 faften the pattern at the four ends with a little wax, 
 upon which patern layahe fine ft paper you can get 
 for money,and wax that alfo upon the patern as be- 
 fore. Then place your desk with the back thereof a- 
 gainft a brim or perfect light,that hath no-other op- 
 posite or fide light to hinder it, and I think it belt of 
 all againft a window where the fun (hineth)and the 
 patern wil fhew all the lineaments thereof very per- 
 fe&ly through the fine paper, upon the which you 
 may trick,eitber with a fine pointed cole, black lead 
 or pen. Qnt.Of afufficient light to be placed under 
 the desk by feveral lamps , if thereby alfo in a dark 
 night, you may not difcern how to perform your 
 work perfe&ly. 
 
 Some inftcad of this desk dooyl a paper and lay it 
 upon a patern, and draw thereon with black lead,' 
 and then prick the patern full of holes and pounce 
 id upon another paper* And fome have paterns of 
 beafts, birds, flowers, &c. prickt out in paper, and 
 thofe they pounce alio upon other paper. And this 
 is a good and ready way lor him that is not skilfull 
 m the art of drawing, togamilh any plot which he 
 hath taken of any Manor»Park,CIole,&c.with trees 
 hedges,deer,hou firiges, &c. But there is a way by a 
 perfpe&ive glafs( which becaufe it is conleerated to 
 art,I dare not proohane the fame too much bv -deli- 
 vering it into unhallowed hands) whereby a young 
 fcholler may in I hours demoftration exactly draw 
 and fet down the lineament of any live perfonage, 
 
 F 3, beaik 
 

 The Jwel Moufe of 
 
 beaft,or other iovrl whatloever, being placed at any 
 reafombledifiance f ro n him,andfoof any tody 
 edifice or building, fort bulwark^ or fortification, 
 and oi all manner of engines, whatfoever tie wit of 
 any work-mafter is able either to a&uate in the 
 great or perform in the model oneiy. Yea all man- 
 ner of drawn patterns whatever, be they never fo 
 great 5 may by the help of this giafie (whereof I have 
 gotten the uie at the hand of my dear friend)be lef- 
 lened and brought within as narrow aCompafie as a 
 man would reafonably with or defire. And whMoe- 
 ver fhali advifedly pra&ile by the help of this glafs, 
 may in one months fpace be able to draw 'any patera 
 by hand onely, without praying in aid of toe fame a- 
 ny more* So likewtfe it is poff ble by way of re- 
 flexion, for any man to behold in a looking glaffe, 
 and that alfo in his private fludy,all thegeftures and 
 adtions vyhaefoeverany perfon fhali make or per- 
 form, in any room or corner of his houfe,as alfo to 
 fee in the bottom of his feller whatfoever is done on 
 the top of Pauls fteepl.e,or any other fteeple within 
 London, fo as his dwelling be within the City, or 
 the liberties thereof, or within any competent num- 
 ber oi miles diftant from the fame* But becaufel 
 do fee that every author is indangertobecenfured 
 according to the particular judgement of every rea- 
 der, and becailfe Sr,ulto*um plena junt omnia, I will 
 not expend the credit of this fecrer to its uppermoft 
 bounds, but this dial be (ufficient for the weak faith 
 that reigneth in the world at this time. 
 
 3 S Some helps for the fpeedier and true making and 
 breaking of any letter s a$ alfo how 4 learner may write 
 [freighted give jome pretty grace unto hts letters . 
 
 For 
 
Jrt Md Nature* 
 
 3 9 
 
 F Or tiicipcedier attaining to any written handset 
 fome per fed: writing matter, deliver a few co- 
 pies wrioeo, or rather broken" in this manner. Let 
 him divide or break each letter into fo many pans, 
 as he hath caufe to make any little paufe or addition 
 before he finifli the lame ( which is nothing elfe but 
 the undoing & tiif'joiniDgvpf the fame,chaf a young 
 Icholler may the better fee , which way the fame 
 was made up and brought together. As for example, 
 the Secretary final aJiath fix parts before it be made 
 up, the b.c.and d*have four 3 and fome more,& feme 
 leffe, and for the better underftanding of my whole 
 meaning, I would baue can fed the whole Alphabet 
 to have beencut,and fo Printed in this manner, but 
 that I could not flay the doing of it , and alio for 
 that I knew any matter of the fcience will perform 
 the fame with his pen, to any that toll be willing to 
 requite his pains, and he hath already written fome 
 fuch copies for my children. Alfo it givethagreat 
 grace to your writing, if the whites of certain letters 
 be made of one equal bigneffe with the o.fuppofing 
 the fame were all round,as the white of the b 5 or the ■- 
 a..p«y.v.w.x,q.d.g.& s.And for the writing {freight 
 and true breaking of the letters, ca-ufe a paper to be 
 ruled all over with great lines , drawji with a text 
 pen* upon which ruled paper y o mutt lay a leaf of 
 the fi nett paper that can be>got en, fuch as they do 
 commonly fell for two ftiilli gs four pence the 
 quire, and let the fcholler write upon the fhadow of 
 the text lines , or elfe if the neather paper be ruled 
 full of l mall lines, when he writeth upon fine paper, 
 let him have care, that thofe Imail lines m?y cut or 
 divide thole letters which ise maketh, in the midft, 
 ^nd he toll jSaa great ute thereof. Some draw the 
 . i , ~ letter 
 
40 
 
 The lewel Houfe of 
 
 letters firft in black lead or red ink, and then let their 
 fchollers run over them with black instil they have 
 brought their hand in ure, with the fhape and trilli- 
 on of the letters. There i-> no doubt but that lome 
 willing and carefull Ichollers wo. find fome. of thefe 
 helps, as good as the ace ofHcarts in fheir writing, 
 though other heedlefs drones, will fcarcetnake the 
 ace of Diamonds of the beft means that any mailer 
 or Teacher (hall difeover. 
 
 39 A Gall water very necejjary to mingle with your 
 Ink , as it groweth thick in your Standijh or Ink- 
 horn. 
 
 S Lice or beat fome of the beft galls, and put them 
 in a glafs of fair water.and when they have given 
 fome reafoable tin&ure to the water, you may mix 
 the fame with your ink as it thickneth.-this is a more 
 kindly way, then to ufe either fair water, beer,or vi- 
 negar inftead thereof. But when the water begins to 
 be over old and out of date you muft then throw a- 
 way the fame and make freih. 
 
 40 . Horn to renut old letters that be almost worn out 
 cfdate . . 
 
 T His is performed by tubbing them over careful- 
 ly with the gall water aforefaid being wel pre- 
 pared,for that will ftrike a frefh hew again into the 
 old and outwornCopprefs.Thefe two fecrets 1 lear- 
 ned very lately of a skilful and well conceited Gen- 
 tleman, who hath made fome pra&ifes thereof him - 
 felfjind the firft 1 can warrant by my own trial. 
 
 41. How 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 4 r* Mow to [peak byffgnt enely without the uttering of 
 any word. 
 
 D Evife 24 figns, whereof every one may repre- 
 fent fome one of the 24 letters,but place your 
 vowels for the more readtnefs in this manner, fit ft 
 A on the tip of your thumb on the left hand , E on 
 the tip of your forefinger on the fame hand, and fo 
 of the reft,fo as when you lay the index or forefin- 
 ger of your right hand on the tip of your thumb on 
 the left hand,the party with whom you fhall confer 
 in this manner may alwaies note the fame for an A. 
 the reft of the letters which be conlonmts, may be 
 underftood by geftures, countenances, or a< 5 tions,as 
 an hem for a B.as a croffe made on the forehead for 
 aC.a fillip for a D.andfoofthe reft. I have leen a 
 Gentleman together with a Gentlewoman that were 
 very ready in their conceited Alphabet, to deliver 
 their minds each to other in this manner, when as not 
 any of the ftanders by underftood either word or let- 
 ter of their meaning. And I hold the fame a neceffary 
 art to be pra&ifed of iuch as do naturally lack their 
 fpeech, whereby they may be underftood of others, 
 which otherwise could have no natural conference 
 with them. 
 
 42 Hew to paint orlymn with the colours that are ta- 
 ken from hear Is and flowers. 
 
 C'Ocne dry the leaves of heatbs or flowers, which 
 ^carry any deep colour in them, and if there be fe- 
 veral colours upon one leaf, they divide them, and 
 keep each colour by it felf, grinding the fame upon a 
 Marble, and after keep it in clofe glaffes or leaded 
 
 G pots. 
 
4 * 
 
 The level- Houfe of 
 
 pots, fufficiently defended from the air.If you grind 
 the leaves of a white r®fe with a little allom, it will 
 give a yellow colour, and fo will the purple pattof 
 the leaf of the flower deluce, ground with a little 
 lime,yeeid a good and perfed green. Someexprels 
 the juyee of hearbs or flowers, and then evaporat ei- 
 ther in balneo or in the fun fo much as will alcend, 
 Ipreading the reft thinly on the bottoms and fides of 
 fmall diifhes,and after, then fet the lame in the fun to 
 dry , and then grind it with gum water as they have 
 cau'e to ufe it. Some infufe the moift, and fome the 
 dry leaf with fair water,and fo foon as the beautiful 
 hew of the leaves begin to vade, they drein away the 
 water, and make an addition of frefh leaves thereun- 
 to , and fo change their leaves often, that they may 
 purchafeto themfelves nothing but the lively and 
 bright tindureof every herb or flower. 
 
 44. A ready way for children to learn their A.B.C. 
 
 C Aufe 4 large dice of bone or wood to be made, 
 and upon every fquare, one of thefmal letters 
 of the crofs row to be graven, but in lome bigger 
 fhape,and the child ufing to play much with them, 
 
 and being alwayes told 
 what letter chanceth , 
 will foon gain his Al- 
 phabet, as it were by the 
 way of fport or paft- 
 ime. I have heard of a 
 pair of cards, whereon 
 mod of the principall 
 G rammer rules have beenprinted, and the School- 
 Mafter hath found good fport thereat with his 
 fchollers. 
 
 45.ro 
 
Art and Katun, 
 
 44« **d inlay colours into Sol. Luna % Mart, 
 
 or Perns, to ffietv in the nature of an Amml, 
 
 F Irft ceveryour mettal with a cruft of waxe,and 
 with a fine fharp tool when the lame is cold, cut 
 out the fhape or proportion of what letters or other 
 portraiture you pleafe,andof lome reafonable larg- 
 nefle, then pour lome ftrong water in thole emptie 
 places,and when you find them deep enough graven, 
 mingle Orpiment and Maftick melted together for 
 a Yellow colour, and Vermillion with Maftick for 
 a Red, and fo of all other colours. Now when your 
 Maftick hath been molten together with any of the 
 aforelaid colours, let it cool, and beat the fame into 
 powder, and lay of that powder within the graving, 
 and after lay the Mettal upon the fire, till the Ma. 
 flick melt, and it will remain faft and firm therein a 
 longtime. This of a Jew that yet liveth for ought I 
 know. 
 
 4 5 To make bid paper to bear ink in fome reajonable 
 manner. 
 
 D fib your paper well over with the fine powder 
 Ivor duft of Rolen and Sandrach mingled in equal 
 parts before you write therewith. Note that you 
 muft tie the powder hard in a rag of Lawn or thin 
 Cambrics, and therewith rub the paper throughly 
 well. This is a neceffary lecret for ftudents, where- 
 by they may note in the m argents of their books, if 
 the paper Ihould happen to fink,which is an efpeci- 
 al fault in many of our late years books. 
 
44 
 
 The Iewel’Woufe of 
 
 4 *- To make an egge to (land upon an end without a- 
 ny help at all, 
 
 ^pHere is an old tale of a good workman who made 
 an egg to ftand in fait upon an end, but here the 
 lame is more artly performed, and yet without any 
 fuch lupportation. Hold an egg in your right hand, 
 and with your fift give three or four good ftrong 
 blows upon your left arm, or ufe any other devife by 
 agitation or fluking, until you have broken the yolk, 
 and fo made the white to mingle confufedly with it, 
 and then it will prefently ftand on the broad end on 
 an even table. It (hould feem, that before the brea- 
 king of the yolk , the yolk did hang playing or 
 tottering within the white, whereby the egg could 
 not be made to ftand fpeedily without this devife* 
 And yet I heard a Gentleman whom I dare beleeve 
 in a greater matter than this, affirm that he hath di- 
 vers times caufed an egg to ftand alone by peizing it 
 too and fro between his hands,till in the end it flood 
 upright without any other help. But the firft is the 
 readier way. 
 
 47. To harden the white of an Egg into an artificial 
 
 Gum, 
 
 B Eat the whites of divers egges into a thin and 
 clear oyl or water , put the fame into bladders, 
 and hang them in your Kuchin chimney,where a fire 
 is ufually kept in the day time, and in a few days the 
 fame will become as hard as gum Arabick, This I 
 have often proved .Some perform the fame in the fun 
 enely* Qre , to what ufe this gum will lerve, 
 v . ■ - - Mr. 
 
Art and Mature. 
 
 45 
 
 Mr. Wjckesinhis book of Secrets/#* 532 lets 
 down the fundry effie&s wrought by the leveral de- 
 grees of fire, where we fee a continual hot fire doth 
 roaft an egg till it become ext ream hard, but yet the 
 nature of food remaining^ intermiflive heat bring' 
 eth forth a gum altogether unfit for nourifhmentj 
 and a gentle or natural heat ingendreth a chicken that 
 is good meat, but not before it hath received feme 
 alteration by an outward and elemental heat, I wil! 
 not urge thisPhylofophical point of fire any further, 
 onejy I wilh that he that is a true mailer of this ele- 
 ment were my mailer alio for a time,, 
 
 48* A cheap Candle or Lamp for the poorer fort to ufe 
 in their boufes . 
 
 candle week in molten rofen,then wet your 
 
 nds in water, and after you have dipt every 
 week, you mull llretch it out at length, or {height- 
 en it between your fingers, and fo lay them to cool 
 upon a half pace or floor of fione.I think the refufe 
 of old ropes and cordage would be a very profitable 
 week for this purpofe. This conclufionakhough it 
 have been in fome fort already publifhed by mean 
 ©erfons both in town and country , and given over 
 by the inconvenience of the excefii ve frnoke onely, 
 which annoiech the whole room exceedingly where- 
 in it burnerh, yet me thinks that during the dear 
 price of fallow candies, the poor might make feme 
 fhiftor other with them, as either by fetting the can- 
 dles within the chimney , or elfe in a candleftick o- 
 ver the mandetree with a large wide tunnel made of 
 wicker , and covered with paper, and having an el- 
 bow which might paffe through feme large hole in- 
 
 to 
 
The lewtl-Uoufe ef 
 
 4 £ 
 
 Uo the chimney whereby the fraoak may be avoided, 
 
 |Thefe candles I know will not exceed hall the price 
 
 icf the worft week candles that are t® be bought. But 
 for thofe that can content themfelves with the light 
 of a Lamp ( and I am lure the fame will lerve lor 
 watching candles , and yet be moreeafier in price) 
 let them buy Rape Oil, which for the moft part may 
 be had after two {hillings the gallon, and therewith 
 maintain their Lamps, ufing a Imall week of a lew 
 folds onely, or rather a Candle- rufh in the locket ot 
 their Lamps, and fo they (hall find that one pint of 
 oyl wil laft them an hundred hours, whereas a pound 
 of watching candles will be fpent in threelcore,or 
 thrcefcore and ten hours at the moft, and yet they are 
 dearer by one peny in the pound.Note that the week 
 or rulh mull ftand a little Hoping in the nofe of your 
 Lamp,Or il you would ule your Lamp inftead ot a 
 watching candle, and to maintain a light onely, then 
 may you take a pretty large beer glafs, placing your 
 week upon wier , being platted like a trefoil in the 
 bottom, the wier it lelf being firft thruft through a 
 little round flat piece of Lead of the bignels ot a two 
 penny peeceof filver to make it Hand the fteadier. 
 Tne week mu ft be faftened to the wier with a thred 
 of Gotten lofely bound about it. When you have 
 placed this week in the midft,tben pour in cither oyl 
 or fuet round about it, and lo kindle your Lamp, and 
 it will give lome light alfo through the glafs. Note 
 that your glafs may not be too large , left that the 
 week grow to a cole before the oyl can confume a- 
 way fall enough to give it paffage untofrefh week 
 thereby to maintain the light the better. Bu: il you 
 would have your Lamp to laft the longer,but to give 
 no light at the fides, nor greatly at the top , then let 
 
 you 
 
Art aHd Nature. 47 
 
 your glafs in a deep balon or pot oi water, thereby 
 to keep the oyi the cooler, and fo it will alfo la ft the 
 longer. And it is not amifs,nay it is very requifite to 
 put in fome water into your glafs before you put in 
 the oil, thereby to keep the oil from burning.Neither 
 can I here omit or pals over in filence that one 
 more Ipecia! ufeof a Lamp than any candle can af- 
 ford, which is the fafety of your light from being car- 
 ried to and fro in the night time with rats and mice, 
 which have olte times fet mats on fire with the flame 
 of a candle as they have fought toconvey it into their 
 nefts. Neither would I willingly ftudy by any other 
 candle, becaufe it continues fo long in one equal light, 
 without giving that offence to the eye which the can- 
 dle doth by his prefent light after it is newly topt, &c 
 by his dimnefs if it be not often toptjtf it were pofli- 
 ble to have (lore of that oyl of Beech-maft (which a 
 late writer doth undertake to perform in great qua- 
 lity from the nut, and which I have known expref- 
 led in England,but not with fuch yeeld,the difference 
 whereor may peradventure be found in the diftimff 
 natures of the Englifh and the Naple nut)or of that 
 Oleum Palm*, which is taken at this day to be the oyl 
 that iffueth out of the Date-tree,the burning where- 
 of is moft fweet and delicate in a Lamp, as I can tc- 
 ftifie by the trial of fundry nights wherein I ufed no 
 other watching candle in my bed Chamber. Let 
 this fuifice to have fpoken of Lamps for this time, 
 and untill I may obtain more leifure and more liber- 
 ty to lighten a new Lamp that will give more light 
 then a C reflet in fome of the darkeft corners of this 
 land. 
 
 Hm 
 
Tbelmel-Houfe of 
 
 
 How to refrejh the Colours of old pieces that be wrought 
 in OjL 
 
 O me ufe to beat the duft off them with a Foxe 
 
 tailor with a brufh of feathers>& after rubbing 
 them over with a Spunge and warm Urine, This 
 way was commended unto me by M v i? Ate man Some- 
 time Parfon ot Newington^ a man whom for divers 
 good parts that were in him, I can never fufficiently 
 commend. Others rub them over lightly with a 
 Spunge and fair water, and after there commeth no 
 more foil, then with a Spunge and good old Linfeed 
 oil, wherein fometimes for the fpeedier drying.they 
 do put fome burnt Allom or powder of glafs finely 
 grounchSome do ufe firft to wa(h over the pi&ures 
 with foap,and prefently after they be dry to vernifh 
 them over. Note tnat all this is intended in pi&ures 
 not vernifhed before. V'tdefo^ea^Num. 72. 
 
 50* An excellent cement for broken glajjcs, 
 
 Ake one part of Virgin wax, and two parts of the 
 I tears or clear drops of Mafiick , and cement 
 therewith. But the better way is, if you beat the whi- 
 te [1 fifh glew you can get with a hammer till it be- 
 gin to wax clear , and cut the fame into very i'mall 
 and ftiort pieces, fuffering the fame to diffolve upon 
 a gentle fire in a little leaded pan with a few drops of 
 Aqua vit*. Then let fome other that ftands by, hold 
 both the pieces that are to be cemented over a Cha- 
 fing- difh of coals till they be warm, and during their 
 heat lay cn the diffolved glew with a fine penfiljthea 
 bind the glafs with wire or packthread 3 and let it reft 
 
 till 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 4 9 
 
 till it be cold. With this cement I did fee a Dutch 
 Jeweller(dwelling in Black-Friers, but fince depar- 
 ted this world) cement two of her Majefties ehriftai 
 cups that were broken. Some contend unflak’d litne, 
 wheat flower, and the white of an egg. Others like 
 fi fti glew,with aqua vita and cerule,or with the tears 
 of Maftick aqua vita and cerufe. A Angular work- 
 man did highly commend unto me Rennilh wine, and 
 Ifingiafle or fifh glew for this purpofe. 
 
 51. How to dry gua powder without all danger of fire. 
 
 A Lthougb I hold not this for any great fecrer, 
 yet becaufe there hath much mifchief & Spoil 
 of men happened onely by the wretchicfs drying of 
 powder, I have thought it requisite and neceflary 
 in that rcfpedf, and for the prevention of all dangers 
 to come, to publish the fame. Caufe then a veflel 
 either of Lead, Pewter, Latten, or Copper, to be 
 made having a double bottom, between winch bot- 
 toms you may convey Icalding water at a pipe, 
 which water may alto be heated in another room, (or 
 the more fafety again ft the fire , and then you may 
 lay your powder upon the uppermoft bottome till 
 it be dry, and when the water beginneth to cool, 
 you may let it out at a cock in the "bottome ot the 
 Veflel, and to give paflage for more fcalding wa- 
 ter into the Veffeil by another cock which may be 
 faftened in the pipe that runneth into the Veflel, Or 
 having a little pipe in the fide, you may from time 
 to time with a funnel pour fin fcalding water at your 
 pleafure,and this is done both with lels coft, and alto 
 iefs circumftace.I do ule whe i would dry my pow- 
 der in haft, to heat a fire (hovel by dtlcretion,8i then 
 
 H I 
 
The Jewel- Houfe of 
 
 I lay a paper thereon a pretty while, and if I fee that 
 the paper burn not, nor take fire, then I do fpread 
 my powder upon the paper, ftirring it up and down 
 til it leave fmoking. And this I havealwaies found to 
 be a very ready and a fafe way. Some dry their pow* 
 der in a fiove, where no fire can come near to indan- 
 ger it. 
 
 52. To draw fifb to a certain place in the night time , 
 by a light or candle. 
 
 P Ut fo much filed lead into a Urinal as wil make 
 it fink, and upon the lead ftrew fomehcarbs, and 
 upon thofe hearbs fome glo- worms, cover the glafs 
 with a cork and lute it well , and about the neck of 
 the urinal tie a firing, which muft be put through a 
 great cork that may keep the urinal fwimming in 
 the water at what depth you pleafe. Note that with 
 fome pipe or quill, you mufi convey fome air into 
 the glafs, for elfe the glo-worms will die, and then I 
 think their fhining brightnefle will vanifh away,and 
 therefore thofe perpetual lights are meerly fabulous 
 and fantaftical that are drawn from thefe diddled 
 worms and Mercury together. Some nip or lute a 
 glade having crude Mercury therein , and fo hang 
 it in the water as before* Alfo a candle held c ither 
 even with the water , or funk jfe little way into rhe 
 water, will amaze and draw the fi flies unt© it, fo as 
 if you have a little hoop net, upon the end of a cane 
 or pole,you may eafily take them and bring them to 
 the brink fide. Ail thefe experiments are beft perfor- 
 med in a dark night. 
 
 53. A Bait to catch fijh with. 
 
 To 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 5 * 
 
 half a hoe half penny white loaf, take one 
 
 .ince of Cockle feed (i£re. if Coculm india be 
 
 not better )one ounce of Henbane feed finely powdred 
 temper the fame wel with ftrong aqua compofeta into 
 a pa ft, then divide your pad into (mail pieces of the 
 bignefle of a grain of wheat, and call in a handfull of 
 theta at once, fomewhat above the place where the 
 fifh do haunCjif it be in a river.This ferves.efpecially 
 when you fee the fifh to flote, but for the cheven 
 you rault make your baits as big as cherry ftones, 
 and put them in little coffins of paper, & then throw 
 them upon the water. This fee ret ! have not proved. 
 
 54* How to drive fijJj into a Tramel. 
 
 P itch a tramel overthwart a river where there is 
 good fioreof fifh, then go upward again ft the 
 ft ream a pretty way from the net, and as you come 
 downward again with the ft ream , throw in fome 
 lime ftones here and there difperfedly , on both the 
 fides of the river.Thefe unflak’d iimeftones wil make 
 fuch a crackling in the water, that no fifli dare return 
 back again upon them , but will run forward and 
 mafh themfelvesin the tramel. This I had of Ichn 
 Heller , one of the mo ft ancient chimifts of my time 
 in London, in exchange of one other fecret which I 
 difeiofed unto him. Yet fome be of opinion that 
 you mu ft hurle in whole handfuls at once now and 
 then, whereby the fifh hearing fo great a noife, and 
 tailing the flreagth thereof in the water, may be the 
 more affrighted. 
 
 5 5 * Divers good baits to catch fijh with. 
 
 Ha 
 
 Fill 
 
The Iewd-Eouje of 
 
 5 * 
 
 F ill a fheepsgut with foiall unflak’d limcftones, 
 and tie the fame wd l at both ends that no water 
 get therein^and if any pike devour it (as they are rave, 
 niog fifh and very likely to do ) fhe dieth in a fhoit 
 riroe 3 you may faflen it to a firing if you pleafe, and 
 lo let it flote upon the water. A Ifo the liver of every 
 fifh is a good bait to catch any fifh of the fame kind. 
 Paft made of wheat flower, a little faffron and fome 
 fugar,and tempered with water, is a good bait to an- 
 gle withall for roch 3 dafe, &c. Alfo if you gather 
 dunghil worms, or from under a block, and take the 
 earth from them, and put them into fine clean mofs, 
 I offering them to fcour themfelves threeorfour 
 days cherein,the fifh will bite the better, at them. 
 
 5 6. A redd) way to catch Pigeons and other great 
 birds. 
 
 M Ake final coffins of paper,(fuch as the confit- 
 makers ufe to put their con fits in) not exceed- 
 ing the length of ones finger* pafte the Tides and ends 
 with fome ftarch,clip the upper part of them round 
 with a pair of fheers,then anoint the infidc of the up« 
 permoft skirts of them round about with birdlime 
 in the form of a ring , and after you have procured 
 the Pigeons to haunt a place, by making of a fhrap a 
 day or two before, Say of thefe coffins here and there 
 with a few peafe in every one ef them a little Ho- 
 ping or declining, and ftrew fome other pea fe a- 
 mongft them. And when the Pigeon pecketh at the 
 peafe within the coffin, ftie is immediately marked 
 or hooded,not feeing which way to fife. And fo you 
 fhall find very good fport^to take them eafily. 
 
Art and Mature „ 
 
 5 3 
 
 5 7 * A Worm to catch birds with. 
 
 If Here is a great opinion conceived of a Worm 
 ■» chat hath many feet and is found in a horfe-mill 3 
 where corn is ground, moil commonly under the 
 ground where the horfe treadeth, and is exceeding 
 fweet, place this worm with lime twigs about her, 
 where the may be feen 5 and you dial foon take birds 
 therewith. But I take this rather to be the Worm 
 wherein the Nightingale doth fo much delight, 
 which is found in a mil-cafe, or where Bakers ufe 
 to boult their meal. 
 
 58 - How to catch Pigeons } Crows , lack* daws 3 and 
 *. Aiag-fies. 
 
 F Or the taking ofPigeons 3 you mu ft make a ih rap 
 hrce or four days together,, laying ioofe lines a- 
 mongftthe peafe untill the Doves be acquainted 
 therewitfetheri in fome evening tie at thofe lines great 
 ftore of ftrings 5 which with a needle before you mu ft 
 thruft through the peafe, being firft fodden loft for 
 the purpoie 5 and at the end of every ftring tie a little 
 knot, when a Pigeon ham fwallowed down one of 
 theft peafe, together with the firing, (he cannot pof- 
 ubly get it up again 3 but (he is eafily taken. Perhaps 
 fome other birds may alio be taken in this. manner. 
 It is not amifle to hide the thread near the Peafe 
 with graffe, earth or ftraw,or fome fuch like matter. 
 Alfoif you throw gobbets of flefh or cheefe curds a- 
 broad in the fields where there be ftore of Rooks, 
 Crows 3 Daws*or Mag- pies, within the which there 
 is conveyed fame of the powder ot Arfenickoi 
 
 H 3 fmbli- 
 
54 
 
 The ImeTHouft of 
 
 fublitm£e 3 you jfhali fooa difpatch your barns and o- 
 ther Garners of corn, of all thefe vraftfuil birds, But 
 take heed that none of your hogs do eat of thefe dead 
 birds, left they happen to poifon them alfo. 
 
 5£. How to kill Sea pies,§ea-gul$ 3 and other ravening 
 waterfowl* 
 
 S O me be of opinion that if in the winter time, you 
 do ftrein overthwart a river or brook , where 
 fowd do haunt fome ftrong line or whipcord, at the 
 which you may alfo hang divers other fmaller 
 threads, baited with garbage upon hooks, of an apt 
 fize for them, that fo they will hang thcmfelves, and 
 be eafily taken* Alfo for the taking ftore of fea pies, 
 you may lime fome twigs which may be fattened at 
 fmafl filhes,and then lay the fame upon large leaves, 
 fo as the lime touch not the water, and the fea-pie 
 ftriking at the fifh is taken with the lime twigs. And 
 having taken one or two of them, then clip their 
 wings, and fo leave them in the water, and all the 
 fea pies therabouts that are within hearing 5 wil come 
 to help them , and continually file hovering over 
 them,fo as having your pieces charged, you may dis- 
 charge at the whole flock as faft as you can charge, 
 for they will not be driven away. 
 
 6o* How to gather great fore of tvafps together, fo as 
 you may dejfroy them ad. 
 
 COffie honey put into a Pipkin 5 and the fame placed 
 *^over a gentletfire , the windows of the room be- 
 ing fet open, will by the fceat and vapour thereof, 
 draw all the Wafps that are near the place within 
 
 any 
 
Art and Nature 9 
 
 55 
 
 any reafonabie compafs loro the room where you 
 have bellowed the pot. Note that this muft be done 
 in an apt feafon of the year, when as there be ftore of 
 wafp$,and in feme place where they haunt greatly* 
 Alfo the wafps will foon reiort to an earthen por, 
 wherein there is fo$ie raw flefh 5 and when you have 
 drawn fome ftore of them together into the por, 
 then cover it and let it on the fire unt ill you have 
 deftroyed them all. This latter fecret I had out of 
 Yardarm de rerum varietate pag , 2 9 4, but the firft is 
 more natural and commandein further off* Alfoif 
 you fet ftore of jarre glaffes in your Orchard 3 and a- 
 bout your houfe, where you fee the greateft haunt of 
 them 5 wich fome deception of honey and water 3 or 
 water and fuger, or any other fweet wine or compo- 
 tion in rhem 5 leavingthefe pots or glaftes three parts 
 empty^they will not forfake thefe fweet liquors^un- 
 till they have drowned themfelves therein. 
 
 61. Now to keep garments of doath^or hangings of T a* 
 pi$ryfDormck£aic$c.frcm moath eating. 
 
 B Rufli your apparel with an ordinary brufti 5 and 
 fo iikewife your hanging$ 5 or elfe you may ufe a 
 brufh made of a fig frale, untill you have gotten ail 
 the du ft out of them ? then bruili them over through- 
 ly wd twice or thrice every year as they hang, with 
 a bruili made of wormwood tops. And yet 1 think 
 it to be the furer way 5 if they were alfo well rubbed 
 with wormwood on the backfidesj have heard that 
 it is a ufual pra&ife amongft the Italians herein 
 England in fummer time,to cauie great ftore of wal- 
 nut tree leaves to be hung upon a thread , fo as one 
 may not touch another, and when they are throughly 
 
5 6 The teml-Houfe of 
 
 dry, then xlrew them in their Chefts and Preffes, a- 
 mongit their cloaths and other furniture of their 
 chambers and beds,and within the feverall folds of e- 
 very garment. 
 
 6z*To help beer that heginneth te four y or u dead . 
 
 S Ome put a handful or two of ground malt into a 
 barrel of beer, and ftir the fame and the beer well 
 together^and fc snake it to work a f refh and become 
 good again. Some do bury lower beer 24* hours 
 in the earth 3 and thereby recover it* Others adde new 
 ftrong beer to the old , and fo the dead beer is for- 
 ced fometimes to work again to a new head. Some 
 fetch it again with chalk or lime 3 and feme with 
 oyfter tliels,and fome throw a handfull of fait into a 
 barrel of dead beer* A Lady in this land hath al- 
 ways ufed to put in a handfull of Oatmeal into every 
 barrel of beer, when it was firft laid into her feller, 
 whereby her drink did always carry with it a quick 
 and a lively tafl.lt is very good alfo to tilt your beer, 
 when the veffel is little more then half drawn off 5 for 
 fo you fhali draw your beer good even to the latter 
 end. 
 
 6$ t To help a chimney that is <m fire^prefently^ 
 
 W Hen you fee the chimney on fire, forthwith 
 get a large thick blanket or coverlet, and 
 with the help of two or three perfons, let the fame 
 beheld dole both above and below unto the mouth 
 of the chimney 5 fd as no aire may enter, and if you 
 can come eafily to the top of the chimney /rover zht 
 fame clofe alfo, either with a fit board, or elfe with 
 wet Woollen cloths, and fo the fire wanting aire 
 will prefentfy go our 5 and be ftnothered* 
 
 T§ 
 
Art and Nature* 
 
 64+ Te have (lore of Sea-fifh for the provision of ones 
 take without repairing tothefea for them . 
 
 S IR Edward HohbyCas I have heard) hath ftored 
 certain dikes m the Me of Sheppey, with fundry 
 kinds of Sea-fiftynto which dikes byiluce 5 he doth 
 let in from time to time^change of fea- water to non- 
 rifh them. 
 
 6 5 . To make ale or beer, to become ft ale in a jhort time . 
 
 B Ottle a!e 5 or bottle beer 3 belng buried fotne what 
 deep in the ground^n a cool or lhady place 5 be- 
 commeth Rale enough to be drunken in 48* hours 
 fpace.as I have been informed by an honeft and fober 
 
 Courtier. 
 
 66 . Mow to ftealRees* 
 
 1 F you place a Bee-hive fomewhat before fwarna- 
 *ing time in the mid ft of a great Beech tree 5 fo dole 
 as that it may not be difcerned for fear of ftealing 5 
 the bees will refort unto the f ame 5 efpecially if it be 
 firft well fpringled with water and honey. 
 
 6j * Mew to make a tallow candle to laH much longer 
 then it doth in our ufual manner # 
 
 A Neopolitane hath "written, that fait mingled 
 irjteWith oyl wil make it to double his lading, hut 
 1 think the pradifer hereof will find it fomewhat 
 rroublefome to make a good folucion of fal$ in oyf 
 For oyl is an improper fubjedt to retain fait. I have 
 heard an Irifh pra&kioner affirnyhat if tallow can- 
 dles be made about Alhaliontide of good Huff, and 
 
 I prefently 
 
5 8 
 
 The Iewel-Houfe of 
 
 prefently laid in cold water by the ipace of 2 4 hours 
 together, and then hung up to dry in a cold and win- 
 die place upon their flicks, that by this means onely 
 they wil laft much loger than otherwife they would, 
 and burnalfo much iweeter* But I am fure that if 
 there be a true counterpeize given to a (horc tallow 
 candle,* fuch as is ufually called theGoldfmiths cm- 
 dle)and the lame afterwards let down between ones 
 fingers,into the midfl of a pale or tub of water, fo 
 carefully as that the flame be not exdnguifhed in let- 
 ting the fame fal into the water, it wil laft as long as 
 two candles of the fame length and bignefs, alwayes 
 fupporting it felf above the water, by a thin cruft or 
 web,which it worketh about the flame in the nature 
 ofCamphire, which continued! his burning in the 
 water (being once fet on fire) untill it have wrought 
 a paffage or entry for the water into it felf. 
 
 6 8 . How to tell the juft number of [apples y nut shillings , 
 &c,as they he in bulk together , how great foever the 
 heap be, 
 
 C Aufe the owner of them to difpefe of the whole 
 heap in this manner.Firft wil him to lay down 
 two, then let him double that number likewife, and 
 fo continue in the rule of duplation until he can dou- 
 ble no longer,lay all the od ones apart by thewfelves, 
 then fhal you eafily guefs by the prefent view of the 
 whole nuber, how many there are in the whole heap* 
 Forekher they mu ft be 2. 4. 8. 1^32. 64. 1 28. &c. 
 and which of thefe numbers foever it be, every rea- 
 fonable eye will guefs, the bulk of the one number 
 doth fo much furmount the other .Th* like alio may 
 be done in trebling, and now and then in doubling or 
 treblingjthe more to obfeure the conceit, 
 
 , - .. - 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 59 
 
 69. H$w to prevent drunkennej T. 
 
 D R ink firft a good large draught ofSallet Oyl, 
 tor chat will float upon the Wine which you 
 fhall drink, and fufpreflc the fpirits from afcending 
 into the brain. Alio what quantity foever of new 
 milk you drink' firft, you may well drink thrife as 
 much wine alter , without danger of being drunk, 
 But how lick you fhal be with this prevention,! wil 
 not here determine, neither would I have let down 
 this experiment, but onely for the help of fuch mo- 
 deft drinkers as only in company are drawn,or rather 
 forced to pledge in fall boils fuch quaffing compa” 
 nions as they would be loth to offend » and will re- 
 quire reafon at their hands as they term it. 
 
 70. An excellent Tent for a Diamond. 
 
 B llrn Ivory in a crufible or melting pot, being 
 clofe luted, into a black powder,then take a-Httle 
 of the fine powder thereof and mingle it with a few 
 drops of the extra&ed oyl of Maftick, and in the 
 fettiBg of the ftone you mu ft have care that it touch 
 not the tent. 
 
 71+ How to make Oyl or V, trnifh to dry fpeedily. 
 
 'jpHis is done firft by boiling of the oil to the con- 
 fumpeion of the one halflor one third thereof,and 
 then by the putting in the afhes of the backbones of 
 Shads or Makerel; alfo divers Shads heads dried in 
 the wind, and hung up in a dark place, will glifter like 
 glow-worms. 
 
 72 A ftrong Lee that wil fetch out any ftain as alfo r c- 
 frefh an old Oil PiQure^andmake it very fair again . 
 
 1 2 Take 
 
The leml-Uoufe of 
 
 60 
 
 T Ake of the afhes of the Vine one handfull, of 
 white coppres and burnt allom of each the qua- 
 lity of half a VValnut, put thereto a pint of conduit 
 water, infufe the fame upon the laid fubftances in an 
 Ipocras bag 5 and re iterate the water upon them 4 or 
 5 times til it grow ¥£*7 ftrong,fet the faid water on 
 the fire, and pur thereto the quantity of an halel nut 
 of good Sope^then take the faid Lee fo hote as you 
 may well endure your hand therein, and after you 
 have taken off the duft from the pi<Sture with fome 
 brufh or foxtaikrub over the pi&ure with a fpunge 
 till it come to a good luflre with the faid Lee.and 
 when the colours pleafe you, then with fair water 
 wafh off the faid Lee again,and the peece or pi&ure 
 though never fo old, will become very frefh. Ore 9 
 if this fecret do not onely extend to fuch oyle peeces 
 as are not verni fhed. Some rub over pi&ures or Ta- 
 bles with an Onion cut through the midft. This fe- 
 cret with the precedent I had of a Dutch Mounte- 
 bank, and they came fo hardly from him as if he had 
 been extreamly coflive. Vide antea^num.^p. 
 
 To help Wine that reboileih't 
 
 I F any fweet Wines happen to reboil in the hot 
 part of the Summer ( as I have of ren feene, and 
 as many Vintners to their great lofs have oftentimes 
 felt > then Placentitis willeth a little peece or can- 
 tie of Cheefe to be put into the VefTel, and prefeae- 
 ly a ftrange effedf will follow* Hoc ex anchor a (amis 
 & I beleeve that the Corporation of Vinre- 
 ners would give twenty pound yearly to have this 
 fecret warranted to be true. For the belt remedy 
 which they have, is to draw the Wine off from the 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 6 1 
 
 Lee into other clean cask^thereby perl wading them- 
 felves to coo! the wine, and to ft ay the feoyling there- 
 of. But after t while the inward fire oftentimes be- 
 gins a frefh workmanfnip, and fruftrateth all their 
 labor. I would efteem him for a learned V intner,and 
 worthy to have the next avoidance of Bacchus his 
 Chair 3 that could give me the true reafon ©f this re- 
 boiling of wincs 4 But becaufe 1 have. allotted fo great 
 a place of honour to him that can but (hew the rea- 
 fon onely thereof, therefore l will not prefume nor 
 prokfTe to know the caufe efficient, but I durft un- 
 dertake to perform the remedy, if I thought my 
 reward would not be fomewhat like unto his, that 
 within this few years taught divers of the Compa- 
 ny how to draw out of a Hogs-head of Wine kes, 
 i o gallons of clear Wine at the Jeaft, which being 
 trickt or compared, or at the lea ft mingled with c~ 
 ther wine, hadi ever fince by divers Vintners been 
 retailed for wine 3 whereas before it was wholly fold 
 for lees to the aqua vita men. And this is the reafon 
 why there hath never fince been the like ftore of lees 
 to make aqua vita cf,as before the difeovery of this 
 conceif,and that the lees of many Cellars which be- 
 fore were liquid, are now become ftiff like pafte 3 §& 
 may very wel be wrought up into the form of bals. 
 And if I be not deceived,the fir ft pra&ife thereof be- 
 gan in Pater nofter row, and within thefe few years, 
 but I fear by this time, it is a parcel of many mens 
 Creedjthat wil never be left til the worlds end. We], 
 the poor fello w got hardly a good fute of apparel 
 am$ngft divers of them to whom he difclofed the 
 fecret,although fome one of them could tell which 
 way prefently to raife 3 o or 40 l.per anm unto tlie- 
 felves^And therefore I fee it is no offering of skill in 
 
 I 3 thefe 
 
6 2 
 
 The Iewel-Houfe of 
 
 thefe days to Vintners. But ihe better courfe were 
 to take a Tavern 5 and get aHollibufh,if France were 
 more operand a little more freed of t he ex :e [five 
 impoft, and io to draw wines as artificially as the 
 beft of them.For I can a flare you I have almoft the 
 whole art as it is this day in ufe amongft the Vint- 
 ners,written in a pretty volumn intitul z&JSecreta del 
 p&mpinei . And it I durft here io boldly as I could, 
 both truly Sdargely write of thoie jumbling flights, 
 that are too too often pra&ifed in our natural wines 
 by iome of the Coopers of London 3 to the great be- 
 nefit of the Merchant and Vintner , although them- 
 felves, poor fouls get nothing thereby but the hoop- 
 ing of the veffels,and now and then % can of wine for 
 their labours , a man would wonder from whence 
 fuch great variety of jugling fhould grow or fpring, 
 and how thefe plain fellows that never read their 
 Crammer, nor fcarcely know their A,B, C, fhould 
 be able to run through Ovids Metamorphofis as they 
 do at midnight. And yet I cannot altogether blame 
 either the Cooper or the Vintners man for pradfi- 
 fing of theie alterations, tranfmutations, andfome- 
 times even real tranfubftantiations of white wine in- 
 to Claret, and old lags ofSacks or Malmlies, with 
 Malafloes into Muskadels.For we are grown fo nice 
 in taft 5 that almoft no wines unlefs they be more 
 pleafaat than they can be of the grape wil content us, 
 nay no color unlefs it be perfedf fine and bright 3 wil 
 fatisfie our wanton eyes , whereupon as I have been 
 credibly informed by iome that have feen the pradtiie 
 in Spain, they are forced even there to interlace now 
 end then a lay of Lime with the Sack grape in the 
 expreffion, thereby to bring their Sacks to be of a 
 more white colour into England then is natural unto 
 
 them 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 theti^or then the Spaniards themfelves will brook 
 or indure,who will drink no other Sacks then fuch 
 as be of an Amber colour. This makes the Vintners 
 to trick or compafs all their natural wines if they be 
 a little hard, with Baftard to make them fweeter, if 
 they prick a little, they have a deco&ion of honey 
 with a few Cloves to deceive the taft,if they be clou- 
 dy or not perfect fine,they give them either the white 
 or the yellow parrel,according to the natural colour 
 of the wines,wherein they mull ufe eggs, milk,Bay- 
 falt,and conduit water well beaten and laboured to- 
 gether with a flubbed rod,and then wrought foundly 
 together with a parrelling ftaffe , which parrel for 
 the mod partin one night (unlefs the wines happen to 
 have a flickering Lee ) will caufe them to fine 3 wher- 
 by you may prefently draw at a certain. But this is 
 dangerous unlefs it be in a houfe well cuftomed, for 
 that the wine may not lie too long upon his pare!. 
 And fome wines will nor indure long after you have* 
 racked them from their parel.Note the -whol-fomne* 
 of thefe Lees to make aqua <vit<e withal. But when the 
 Wmes do rope or begin to fail or faint in themfelves- 
 either in f ub fiance or colour, either by age, by the 
 fault of.caskjfoyljfalt water, or other accident, then 
 many times the vintner is driven to his hard fhifts, 
 and then he helpeth him fell with allom, with Turn-- 
 fole,Starch 5 and with many other Drugs, and aroma- 
 tical ware which he fetcheth from the Apothecary, 
 the particulars whereof I could fee down and apply 
 even as they have been a long time ( till within thefe 
 few years) pradtifed in one of the mo ft authentique 
 Taverns of my time.But my purpofe is onely to put 
 fome in mind of their grofs night works which dif- 
 cover themfelves by candle light at their cellar win- 
 
Tbcleml Houfe of 
 
 dows, wifhing them to leave all unwholfom pra<£ti- 
 fes for mans body, left if they fhould hereafter agamft 
 my will force me to publifh them to the world, I 
 fhould draw my country men into fuch a liking of 
 our Royfton grape, that in the end they would for the 
 moft part content : themfelves with their Englifh and 
 natural drink, without ranging fo far for forraign 
 wines. 
 
 74. The making of a Bragget which is many times mi- 
 staken for a Mmkadel by the fimple fort of people. 
 
 P Ut one part of fmal Alewort that is bloud warm 
 with one part of clarified hony according to the 
 manner fet down jium 75* but put no Cloves there* 
 in in the clarifying. For the making of one Hogs- 
 head of this Brasget wMch is about 6 $ gallons, you 
 mu ft take nine gallons of this clarified honey,and 5 4 
 gallons of ftrong new ale: when your clarified honey 
 hath flood one day 5 then mingle the fame with your 
 new ale in a Hogfhead, firft filling your Hofhcad 
 half full before you put in your honey, and then hang 
 this aromaticai compofition in a long (lender bag in 
 the midftofche veflel, viz. of Cinamon 3 ounces. 
 Ginger 3 ounces, Greins 3 ounces, Colianders one 
 ounce, Cloves 1 ounce, Nutmegs 1 ounce 3 long Pep- 
 per half an omcejCardammum one ounce and a half. 
 Liquorice x ounce,then fill up the veffel almoft full 
 witn the beft of the new ajefyet fome commend ra- 
 ther the putting in of the fpices confufedly then in a 
 bag;be fure to have 4 or 5 gallons or more of the 
 fame new ale 9 to fill up the hogfhead as it purges o* 
 ver continually. There is a lefler hole neat the bung 
 hole in beer Hogfheads, which mud ftand open whi- 
 
jin and Nature* 
 
 left it purgethj you muft alfobe careful! in the be- 
 ginning to give lome little vent to the hogfhead wht- 
 ieft it worketh:in three or four monerhs.it will be 
 ready to drink. You muft have a hazel flick of the 
 bignefs ol a good cudgel, fo great as may well enier 
 in at the round bung hole, and when your Hogfhead 
 is about three quarters fulj, put in this flick , being 
 (Wed erode wile at the end about one cubit in length . 
 (the Vintners call it their parelling ftaife) as the ap- 
 left tool for this pupofe* Beat with the i id ftaffe the 
 new ale and the honey together a good pretty while, 
 an -i when you have finifhed this agitation, fill up tl e 
 veffel with the reft, and let it purge as before. If you 
 find your tnuskadel too thick after k huh flood 3 
 or 3 moneths,you may take a cane or pipe, made of 
 tin plates 5 that will reach into the mid ft of the hogs- 
 head or lomewhat more, flop the end thereof, and 
 make fome holes in the lides, and with a funnel you 
 may pour more new ale into the Cane, and fo make 
 it thinner* The cane is an apt inftru'ment to convey 
 any liquor or compofi don into a veffd of wine with 1 * 
 out troubling of the fame , or turning up the lees, 
 whereby you may draw the fame fine prefently. 
 
 75. Howto clartfie Hone) fo that the tafte thereof (Jja$ 
 be much altered . 
 
 * 
 
 P ile a gallon of water bleod-warm to a gallon of 
 hony, putin your honey firft, and with a ftidc 
 take the dep-.h thereof in the veffel wherein you boil 
 it,and then put half an ounce of beaten cloves bound 
 in a linnen cloth therein, and let them boil with the 
 water and honey on a gentle fire till all the water be 
 confumedjwhich you fhall gueffe at by this mark 
 
 K on 
 
The leml-Houfe of 
 
 on t;he ftick.Your hony muft be pure and fimple,not 
 miijgled withwon 3 flowr 4 or other bad compofition, 
 even as it is gathered upon the breaking up of the 
 hives. It is a work of two or three hours, and the eld- 
 er the honey is,the better it ferveth far this purpofe: 
 you muft remember to take away the skum as it ri- 
 ieth. Some boil this hony a little higher to a more 
 confiftency,and preferve fruit therewith inftead of 
 fugar.Thefe two receits I had of an Oxford fcholler, 
 who aflured me tl\at he had often made proof there- 
 of in the City of Oxford, and I know thaman to be 
 both of good conceit, and very carefull in the com- 
 mendation of any fecret to his friend otherwise then, 
 may well ftand with his own credit* 
 
 7 6 A Receipt for the making an artificial Malmfey, 
 
 \Ake 4 gallons of conduit water, into the which 
 put i gallon of good Englifli hony,ftir the ho- 
 ny welftill it be difTolved in the water,(et this wa- 
 ter in a copper pan upon a gentle fire, and as there a- 
 rifeth any skum take it off with agoofewingor a 
 skimmer, and when it hath fimpered about an hour, 
 then put in a new laid egg intorhc water, which will 
 link prefently, then continue your fir ft fire without 
 any great increafe, and alfo your skimming fo long 
 as any skum doth arife, and when this egg begins to 
 float aloft and finketh no more , then put in another 
 rew laid egg,which will fink iikewife 3 and when that 
 ifecond egg doth alio fwim aloft with the firft egg, 
 letthe water continue on the fire a Rater miter while, 
 then rake it ofF,and being cold,puc the fame into iome 
 roundlet, filling the rourdlet brim full; And in <he 
 midft of this roundlet hang a bag, wherein firft put 
 
 lbme 
 
Art and Nature. Cy 
 
 fome rcafonable weight or peize, and to every eight 
 gallons of liquqr,two nutmegs grofly beaten, twen- 
 ty Cloves , a rafe or two of Ginger , and a ft ick of 
 Cinaraon of a finger length.Set your roundlet in the 
 fan, in fome hot leads or other place, where the fun 
 fhines continually for three whole moneths, covering 
 the bung hole from the rain, and now and then fil- 
 ling it up with more of the fame compofition as it 
 wafteth. This I learned of an Bnglilh traveller, who 
 advifed me to make the fame al waies about the raid ft 
 of May, that it might have three hot months together 
 to work it to his full perfe&ion. But lea ft this way 
 fhould happen to fail you, 1 have thought good for 
 thy better fecurity, to fet down my own fanfie, far 
 the eafier ftirring up of this Malmfey to his work- 
 manfhip.Let your veflelbefuch as hath already con- 
 tained fome mu ft, or other liquor that hath wrought 
 therein (for he that knoweth not the ufe of a worker 
 is but a (lender Artift) flop the fame very clofe, and 
 lay it in a convenient cellar till it have wrought fuffi- 
 ciently, but in the working give the cask vent by de- 
 grees, for fear of after daps. Or elfe you may eafily 
 procure the fame to work, by adding of fom yea ft or 
 ferment Unto ir,and fetting it warm according to the 
 ufualmannerof ale and beer. 
 
 7 7 How to keep Claret mne 3 or any other wine good ma- 
 ny years together. 
 
 A T every vintage you mu ft draw off almoft a 
 fourth part out of the hogfhead,and then rowl 
 it upon his Lee, and after fill it up with the beft new 
 wine of the fame kind, that you can get. Your cask • 
 muft be bound with iron bands or hoops, and alwaies 
 
 K s kept 
 
68 The level - Houfe of 
 
 kept full and tight. I have heard ahat an EffexKnight 
 uleth this prafltife^nd hath wine of nine or ten leaves 
 (as they term it) which is io many years old. 
 
 7 8. To keep tVaUnuts green and wot ft a long time , fi 
 as you may pill the kernel . 
 
 T Ake the damping of crab* after the Verjuyce is 
 expreffed from ihetnjay your nuts therein one 
 by one 5 io as they touch not one another,and fo male 
 ft ratumfu perforatum till your veffel be fuil,?hefe wil 
 Jail feme two or three monethsaslhave been ere* 
 dibly informed by a Gentlewoman that made good 
 proof thereof. 
 
 yp. Hove to keep the gloft of Spanijh leather {hoes, or 
 hnikifts, a long time . 
 
 T? e blacking of a Lamp tempered with the oyl of 
 Almonds or fome other fwcet oyl 3 is very good 
 for this purpofe.I know a Gentleman that doth ufe 
 to rub his Spanifh leather fhoes with the back fide 
 of a piece of Freefe-leather^buc you rauft have care 
 to keep this kind of leather very dry. Some maintain 
 the g lofs of this leather with a piece of black velvet 
 onely. 
 
 8©, How to help ftmoakingChimnies . 
 
 I F the Ghimnies be large. , and carry fome good 
 length and breadth with them, then may you eredt 
 anubuddafalfe back and fides to your fmoakiBg 
 chi mures, fo as there may be a diitanrceof three or 
 four inches between ;he old back and the new, raife 
 ehis new work afoot above the tmntle tree. 
 
 8lf Tinder 
 
Art and Nature ( 
 
 6 9 
 
 8 1 . Tinder And match of a new kind and f weet * 
 
 ^Ake the light and thin (havings of dry fi r boords, 
 
 1 light them with a candle, and when they are al- 
 moft burnt, put them out as you would do l^innen 
 rags, after the flame is pa ft in a fione pot. Then lay 
 another thin (having thereon , and with a ftcel and 
 flint ftone ftrike fire into this tinder,and blow there* 
 in till this new (having do kindle , and To light your 
 candle, and then put our this laft (having in Tome rea- 
 fonable time, and it will help to increafe your tinder. 
 This I have (een a Dutch Joyner ufe oftentimes in 
 the lighting of his candle.Nore here that your match 
 and your tinder is allot one fubfiance or matter. Al- 
 io you may make Tweet matches to your ordinary 
 tinder in this manner .Cut or th wire a number of final 
 Juniper flicks, with (harp points like pick tooths, and 
 dip them but a little way , and that very lightly, in 
 brimfione,and when the brimfio'ne is fpent the Juni- 
 per will burn Iweetly. 
 
 8 2 . An excellent mixture to make pewter bright with- 
 al /, and to take out the ftain$ % 
 
 ,T° ? I al j onof f tr °ng Lee, put half a pound 
 1 of black’ lope,and a reafonable handful of the duft 
 of Fl inders tile, which you (hall make by rubbing 
 one again fr another.Boij them well together- till they 
 become like pap or birdlime. This will laft a whole 
 year.You rauit onely have care to beftow good {tore 
 of 1 hour upon the velfci it you mean to ufe this 
 fcowring. 
 
 83 * To defend a Horfefrm files in b& travel. 
 
The liwel Houfetf 
 
 ^ Teep Arfmarr in water 3 mak, g the water very 
 ftrong of the heatb, and therewith wafh your 
 horfe before you mean to travel. 
 
 B E fure there.be no holts in the bottom or fides 
 of your garner, or any where elfe^aving above ' 
 the b >ards which you mu ft place {helving wife,orin 
 the manner of a penthoufe throughout ahe garner,a- 
 bouthalf a yard or two foot from the corn, foas 
 when the Rats have leaped down into the bultof 
 corn, then they {hall not be able to rife or bolt up a- 
 gain before you have fped them. 
 
 85+ How to take away the ofjence of net fome vaults . 
 
 M Ake the vent thereof upward as large or larger 
 then the tunnel downward, and carry the fame 
 up to a convenient heigth, for fo the offenfive air as 
 faft as it rifes hath iffue,and flaieth not in the palfage. 
 
 8 6. Sweet and dtlicate dent ri pees or rubbers for the 
 
 Iffolvein four ounces of warm water,three or 
 
 four drams of gum Dragagant,and in one night 
 this wil become a thick fubftance like gelly, mingle 
 the fame with the powder ofAlabafter finely ground 
 and fearfed,then make up this fubftanee into little 
 round roles of 4 or 5 inches in length. Alfo if you 
 temper rofet or fome other colour that is not hurt- 
 full with them, they will (hew full of pleafing veins, 
 Thefe you may fwceten either with rofe- water ,cive t 
 or mmk.But if your teeth be very fcalie,let fome ex. 
 pert Barber fir ft take off the kales with his inftru. 
 
 84 To kill Rats in a Garner* 
 
 
 teeth . 
 
 meat 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 7 l 
 
 menqand then you may keep them clean with the a- 
 forefaid rowls. And here by thofe miferable exam, 
 plesthatlhavefeeninlome of my ueareft friends, 
 I am enforced to admonifh all men tobe-carefull, 
 how they luffer their teeth to be made white with a- 
 ny aqua /err</,which is the Batbars ufual water, for 
 unlefs the fame: be both well delayed , and carefully 
 applied, a man within a few dreffirsgs, may be driven 
 to borrow a rank of teeth to eat his dinner with, un- 
 lefs his gums do help him the better. 
 
 87 To help either man or horfe that is tender in the foot 
 or hoof 3 rvbereky they cannot endure any great travel, 
 
 L Et him that travelleth much, and hash this infir- 
 mity, put in each lock before he draw on his hofe 
 a new laid egg fomewhat grofly broken , and lo let 
 him travel upon them. So likewife you mu ft put in 
 two eggs a little beaten into either hoof of the horle, 
 and clap cow dung upon them, and then wrap them 
 well one night that they fall not out, and after you 
 may travel him any reafonable journy.This is much 
 ufed in Italy. 
 
 8 8, Neva to keep Oyfers good lo or 12 days. 
 
 COme hold opinion that if you barrel them up w hi- 
 ^left they are new and quick at the Sea fide,putting 
 fome of thebrackifh water where they are taken a- 
 mongft them, that fo they will laft many days good. 
 grr.Of diflolving of fome fait in freftv water, til it be 
 of one ft rength with the braekifb, which container!} 
 fome eighteenth or twentieth part of fait, peradven- 
 -ture it will not be amifle to change your brine now 
 and then. Some pile them up in (mall roundelets 
 with the hollow parts of the fhels upward, calling 
 . ' ’ fate 
 
72 The lewehHoufe of 
 
 fait among them at every lay which they make, This 
 is a gooddevifc to lend them farfmo the Country, 
 where oylters are dainty, and lold by tale* 
 
 8^. To keep Lokfters^Cray'fijheS, Prawns, Shrimps, 
 &c.fweet and good for (ornefew &a)S 9 - 
 
 "j^Hefckind of fifh are wc 1 noted to be of no dura- 
 bility or lafting in warm weather, yet to prolong 
 their days a little(though I fear 1 ihaf raile the price 
 of them by thisdifcovery among ft the F'.fh* mong- 
 ers who onely in re(pe& ot their I pecdy decay do 
 now and then afford a penniworth in them ) if you 
 wrap them in fvveet and courie rag>,firft moiftcned 
 in fait water, and then bury thefe cloaths in Callis 
 fandjthat is alfo kept in fome cool and moift place, I 
 know by my own experience that you fhal find your 
 labour well beftowed 5 and the rather if you lay them 
 in feveral cloths fo as one do not touch the other. 
 
 go.An artificial composition wherewith to make fmooth 
 gliftering and kardfloQrs,or to plainer wals with . 
 
 “Jumper Oxe-bloud and fine clay together, and lay 
 the fame in. any floor or wali 3 and it wil become a 
 very ftrong and binding fubftance,as I have been told 
 by a Gentleman Granger, who affirmed unto me that 
 the fame is of great ufe in Italy. 
 
 £5. To make Parchment clear and tranf parent to 
 ferve for dive t s pitrpofes . 
 
 M Ake choice of the finefr and thinnefc parch- 
 ment you can get/ciapt vhe fame over with a 
 
 knife 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 71 
 
 knife till it become very thin, (but firft you mud wet 
 it well in water)then ftrain it upon a frame, and lad- 
 en it well, and when it is dry, oil it all over with a 
 pen ill, with the oil of fweec Almonds, oil of Tur- 
 pentine,or oil of Spike,fome content themfelves with 
 Linfeed oyl,and when it is thorow dry it will ftiew 
 very clear and lervein windows inftead of giafTe,ef- 
 pecially in luch rooms as are fubjedf to overfeers* 
 You may draw any perfonage, bead, tree, flower, 
 or coat ol armour upon the parchment before it be 
 oyled,and then cutting your Parchment into fquare 
 panes, and making flight frames for them, they will 
 make a pretty fhew in windows, and keep the room 
 very warm. This I commend before oyled paper, 
 becaufe it is more lading, and will endute the bluft- 
 ring and ftormv weather much better then paper. 
 
 £2 A profitable and cheap Sorter for buildingjohcrein 
 either noLime or f mall ft ore of Lime jhaS be requjfite. 
 
 A Wife, wealthy, and ancient Sope-boiIer,dweI- 
 ling without AIgate,hath for the better encou- - 
 ragement of others , long fince ercdted a fair and 
 ftately edifice of brick for his own habitation^ pon 
 the good fuccefle whereof, he hath alfo very lately 
 built one other houfe of fome charge and good re- 
 ceir,the morter whereof did con fid of two loads of 
 waft Sope a(hes,one load ofLime,oae load of loam, 
 and one load of Woolwich fand. So likewife one 
 other of the fame faculty, being likewife of good cre- 
 dit and great experience, hath ufedonely loam and 
 fope-afhes tempered and wrought together inftead 
 of morter, whereby he hath laid both the foundati- 
 ons,chimneys,and their tunnels in his dwelling houfe 
 
 L in 
 
The Iewel-Houfe of 
 
 in Southward and they have endured rhofe ftorms 
 already which have overturned many others, both 
 new and old tunnels,that hath been built with the or- 
 dinary morrer. Is may be many limemen,and fome 
 of thofe Bricklayers that are in fee with them, may 
 bend their force againft this new pra<ftice,*nd labour 
 to difereditthefame by all means poflible,but there 
 is no reafon that can hold againft experience, nor no 
 malice fo gieat,but that truth in her time fhall be a- 
 ble to vanquifh.And if thefe three trials fhall not be 
 thought a competentnumber to give credit to a new 
 invention, I will upon reafonable requeft and warn- 
 ing 5 back and confirm therewith threefcoremoreat 
 the lea ft, which I can produce, already made and ex- 
 ecuted’Within the City of London, and the Suburbs 
 thereof, infcmuch that whofoever will take a care- 
 full view of our late buildings that confi ft of Brick- 
 work ( cfpecially within the Suburbs of the City ) 
 he fhall find great ftore of thefe wafteafhes to be. 
 imployed in them, 
 
 2*2 , A conceited drinking ghj? wherein many forts of 
 Jifl) vp ill he (sen to fnim up and down* 
 
 J,N the midft of a good large drinking glaffe,- and 
 i of a bole.fafhioRjiet a fhort pilkr of glade arifc, 
 upon the which a round globe or ball ofgiaftemuft 
 be placed, upon which Ball there muft be divers 
 forts of f mall fifties well drawn and limned, then fill 
 the glaffe either with water, or with While, or 
 Rhenifh Wine, and the leaft motion that can hap- 
 pen either to the Wineor water,will make the fifti- 
 es feem to play up down within the glaffe. 
 
 $ 4 , How 
 
Art and Nature * 
 
 75 
 
 How to difjohe Gold, or part it from guilt 
 Silver , without melting down tht Stiver* 
 
 D lffolve [omeSal Armoniack in foose good A~ 
 qua for us hofe feces ( fixes she Goldfmuhs 
 u^roperly term them) have been firft ftricken down 
 with Tome fine filver,© r elfe diftil by retort the faid 
 Aqua fortw^iio good flore of Bayfak firft calcined^ 
 fet feme of this water in a parting gfats upon warm 
 embers, and put therein your guilt filver,and it will 
 ftand in the form of a golden water .You may gather 
 your gold again either by evaporation of the water* 
 and fo the gold will fettle in the bottome, orelfe if 
 you put Mercury therein, it will amalgame vrith it* 
 which Mercury will foon fly away in feme, being 
 put into a cru(ibie,and leave the gold behind. I hold 
 this to be a very profitable fecret for the Goldfmith, 
 unlefs the Mercury in the firft guildingof the filver 
 convey feme part of the gold fo far within the filver 
 as that the water can make no fufficienr penetration 
 unto it. For by this means all the charge of tefting 
 and parting will be favcd y which(asl take it ) will not 
 h£ much lefs then four pence upon every ounce. But 
 whereas it hath been obje&ed by feme refiners, that 
 by this means there will be much gold loft icfpeci- 
 ally in fuch ancient plate as hath been made and per- 
 haps melted down again, before the art of refining, 
 which is of a puifne date^ was found out, for that this 
 water doth only take hold of fuch gold as environe th 
 the ©utfide of the filver } I hold this to be a weak ob- 
 jection to difeourage any man from the pra&ile of 
 this folmioo, for that in fuch plate as either carneth 
 no touch,qr foold a touch as the buyer {ball not be 
 acquainted withal^ he may follow the old refining 
 
 L 2 rules; 
 
7 6 The IeweLRoufe of 
 
 rules :and in fuch guilt plate as hath been made face 
 the art of refining hath firft been ufed amongft us, 
 ( which is the moft ufual plate that is bought and 
 fold in theft days The {ball find the fame a mo ft be- 
 neficial pra<Stife 5 if the firft doubt may befalved 3 
 which may eafily be proved in one ounce or two of 
 guilt filver , making a ftraight obfervation how 
 much gold was beftowed thereon* 
 
 ^ 5 . Row to know when the Moon is at the full by a 
 glajje of [alt water . 
 
 X T hath been credibly reported unto me,that if an 
 ordinary drinking glals be filled brim full, a little 
 before the full of the Moon, that 3 even at that inftant 
 when the Moon commeth to the full, the water will 
 pre fently boil oven 
 
 f 6 » Row to melt down the filings of Iron 3 nails 3 or 0- 
 ther I 'mall peeccs of Iron with a fmall fire # 
 
 T O three parts of Iron "put one fourth part of 
 Antimony powdered, in a crufible or melting 
 por,ftt the fame in any ordinary fornel$,and blow a 
 little with a pair of bellows, (or elfe for your more 
 eafe you may ule a wind fornels) and you (hall find 
 the fame to melt very fpeedily, This way you may 
 eafil y caft both Musket ancj Galiver bullets of irom 
 
 $ 7 . Row to put federal Liquors or wines into one 
 Glafje 3 without mixings 
 
 Ake a Beer glafle of fix or eight inches in height, 
 and being of one equal bignefs from the bottoms 
 to the top $ then pome therein fame faire Water, 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 77 
 
 an inch or two in height, upon the which lay a round 
 trencher that is almoft efjual in cpmpafs with the 
 GIals;Thcn out of a long ipouted Glafs or pot,pour 
 gently fome milk upon the trencher, and after that 
 lbme Rochel or Conniack white wine s and then fome 
 Gafeoign claret wine.and after Sack, and fo you fhal 
 have each liquor or wine to flote upon the other 
 without Bungling together, becaufe the fall thereof 
 is broken by means of the gentle pouring upon the 
 trencher.Some hold opinion that the fame may alfo 
 be performed with a round toaft. But I think that 
 you muft have a fpecial care herein, that the heavi- 
 cft liquor do lie in the bottom,and that you proceed 
 from lighter tolighter, fo as thelighteft or moil se- 
 rious or fiery be placed uppermoft, for each thing 
 defireth to be in his natural place. 
 
 fS.The Art of Memory which Mafter Dickfon the Scot, 
 taught of lateyears in England , and whereof he hath 
 written a figurative and oh f cute 7 reattfe^ fet down 
 briefly , and in plain terms , according to his own de- 
 monflration } with the efpecial ufes thereof. 
 
 Y Ou muft make choice of fome large edifice 
 or bui!ding,whofe chambers or galleries be of 
 fome reafonable receipt,and fo familiar unto you, as 
 that every part of each of them may prefent it felf 
 readily unto the eys of your mind when you call lor 
 them .In every of thele rooms you muft place ten fe- 
 veral fubjeffs at a reafonable diftance one from the 
 other, leaft thenearnefs of their placing fhould hap- 
 pen to confound your Memoty.Your fubjedis muft 
 eonfift of DecadeSjWhereof the firft is a man,and the. 
 fifth a woman, or rather the wife of that man which 
 Jbeginneth the Decade. And by this means your firft, 
 
 £,3 ' yout 
 
The lewel-Mcufe of 
 
 your fifth, your tenth, your fifteenth, and your twen- 
 tieth fubjedi, Sic. both forward and backward is ea- 
 fily brought to mind. The reft of the fubje&s in eve- 
 ry Decade may be fuch as are meerly differing the 
 one from the other, unles you fhal like to have tome 
 few oi them refembiing the profcffion of hi mthftt 
 beginneth the Decade. A s for example, if you begin 
 with the Souidier,you may take a Drum and a Tar- 
 get for two of the fuhjodh in that Decade. But if you 
 place too many fubjedfs of one nature within one de- 
 cade, you will find them very troublelom to remem- 
 ber. Thcfe fubjedh would be fuch as are mo ft apt 
 either to be agents or patient?, upon whatsoever you 
 lhall have caufe to place in them; and therefore fire, 
 a DunghiLa Cart, a pair of £ellows,a Tub of water, 
 an Ape, a Ship, a night Gown, a Milftone, and fuch 
 like, are apt to make your fubjedts of, wherein you 
 may place all fuch things as you would remember, 
 and as Mr.Dickfon termed it, to animate the um&ras, 
 or ideas rerum memor a* darum .But herein every man 
 may beft pleafe his wit and memory* Now to pro- 
 ceed to the placing of thefe ten fubjedh, in rhtir ten 
 local rooms, you may begin with a Souldier, whom 
 you may place even in the dore or entrance.confron- 
 ting with a ftern and warlike look all fuch as final 1 
 offer to enrer that room whereof he takes the charge; 
 you may alfo imagine him with Flask,Toudv boxe, 
 Morion, Feece, Sword and Dagger,&c. Becaufeyou 
 may happily have occaiion in the placing of fome 
 hard word, to ufe feme one of thefe more fitly then 
 the 0;hcr*Your fecond place may be your Bedfteed, 
 (if happily that (land next your core ) at the head of 
 which you may by a ftrong imagination place an ex- 
 tream burning fire, and at the feet thereof a great and 
 fmoaking Dunghih In 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 79 
 
 In your Chimnyfii chat likewife be next your bed, 
 and a competent diftance from the bed) you may i- 
 magine a tub full of water. Then in your window 
 being the next fit place, you may imagine Bellona 
 flaring with her fiery eys,and portraied in all points 
 according to the ufual deferipaon of the Poets.Then 
 upon your court cupboard, you may place an ape 
 with her clog 9 and in another window (if your ch am- 
 ber Juve two windows ; a fhip under fail with all 
 her tackle. Upon your Chair you may imagine a 
 night Gown furred with Fox skin , having wide 
 fkeves,and great pockets belonging to the fame.Tl e 
 upon your table [landing in the mid ft -of the room, 
 you may place a Milftoneor adrum, and in the top 
 of the feeling over your table, a Targer,a Sword, or a 
 Lute hanging downward. And it you want places 
 you may make either fide .of your windows to be 
 one.and fo of your chimney :but here you mu ft have 
 an efpecial care, beginning at the door of your cham- 
 ber to take the places about the chamber according 
 as- they lie,and that before you fall to the pra £fice- of 
 this art you may perfectly ( as. your Fater wtfer) 
 remember every place, and what fubjeft you have 
 placed therein,which you fhall the better perform, 
 if youmakea full ard a lively defeription of every 
 fti bje€t in your mind before you place the fame,. 
 Now having gotten all thefe fubje<fts,with their five* 
 ral places memoriter & ad unguem % fuppofe you are 
 to remember a Cat,a Lute, and a hand, you muft ai«- 
 , waies remember to place your firft word whatfoe- 
 ver it be,and how unapt foever it be in the firft fub- 
 jeft,and fo forward. And therefore you may ima- 
 gine your cat fcmching the fouklier by the face, till 
 she bloud run down his cheeks, hehimfelf f wearing 
 
 “ and : 
 
8 o 7 *bc lewd- Moufe of 
 
 and flaring and ftrugiing with her .Your Lute being 
 laid in the fire you may imagine the fame burning 
 to coles, and all the firings cracking in funder to your 
 great grief. Then you may imagine for the better ic* 
 membrance of your third word 3 a hand raking in the 
 dung-hill till it become foul and loathfom in fight; 
 in the like manner you may pafs through the wfiole 
 decade. And if you have more words or Capita re* 
 rum to remember then ten, you mutt begin with 
 the next decade of your local fubjeds wherein you 
 may place other ten words 3 and fo you may proceed 
 to what number you lift, having fubjedks enough to 
 receive them. Behold here that great and fwelling 
 art, for the which Matter Dickfon did ufually take 
 of every fcholler twenty fhillings, making one whole 
 moneths difccurfe of the Theorique part thereof, 
 but in the pratique he could fcarcely tell which 
 way to beftow a ful hour in demonftration. And yet 
 to deliver my cenfure hereof according as I have 
 found therein, I mutt of neceffity confeflfc, that al- 
 though it doth neither anfwer his great promifes, nor 
 the cxpe&ation of his fchollers,whofe good opinions 
 he did entertain fo long with fuch golden hopes in 
 the bettering of their weak memories, that yet not- 
 withftanding the fame is very fufficient to procure 
 an affured and fpeedy remembrance of any i o. 20. 
 3 o.or 4o s principal things more or lefs,that we fhali 
 take in charge to perform, and therefore very necef- 
 fary for him that is charged with many errands,and 
 would difcharge them all in fuch order as they are 
 delivered unto him, as alfo for the remembrance of 
 all fuch pleafant tales and hiftories as fhal pafs in ta- 
 ble talk, from conceited wits. In which two efpecial 
 ufesj have often exercifed this art for the better help 
 
 of 
 
Art and Mature, g I 
 
 of mine own memory,and the lame as yet hath never 
 failed me* Although I have heard fome of Matter 
 Dickfon his fchollers,that have proved iuch cunning 
 Cardplayers hereby, that they could tell the whole 
 courle of all the Cards , and what every gamefter 
 bad in his hand. So ready we are to turn an honeft 
 and commendable invention into meer cralt and cou- 
 fenage. 
 
 9. Howto tn'ake projeBion , either upon Mercury^ 
 f^enut, or any other of the bafe bodies , with a medi- 
 cine fo exalted, as that one jhall extend upon a hun- 
 , dr ed, either too white ,or too red , and abiding both the 
 Touch , MaHeation andCoppeljhe gold being 24 Ca- 
 rets highland the fiher 1 3 ounces fine, 
 
 Amultis amatur Akhimia & tamen virgo eft. 
 
 T Could never yet receive any fufficient warrant or 
 _ allowance fronj the true and ancient chimicalPhi- 
 lofophers of all former ages, for the manifefting of 
 fo great a fecret as I have now in hand, in any plain 
 or naked terms. And that made Geber to take hold 
 of this P ofie, Secretum tuttm non revelabu cuiquam. 
 And Comes Trevifanus,doth fo religioufiy hold and 
 maintain the fecretcing both of the Philofophers 
 matter, the fire,the colours, time and proportion that 
 is to be ufed in the great work , as that he breaketh 
 out into this ftrong conjuration of all fuch happy 
 Alchimifts as have already accomplifhed their gold- 
 en defires in this Ar t.Quod fi mater i am } pondm. ,aut co- 
 lores noveris , adjure te per Deum vivum ne cuiquam 
 revclaveris.But becaule I purpofenot to prophane 
 or violate thofe facred grounds of nature in this dif- 
 courfc,butonely to particularize a few projections, 
 
 M I 
 
82 
 
 The levtel-Houfe of 
 
 I hope that both my pardon and my fault fhal carry 
 one date, and therefore 1 will proceed the boldlier in 
 my purpofe.lt is a world to fee, how every Art hath 
 gotten his counterfeit in thefe days. How Logick is 
 turned into Sophiftry,Rhetorick into flattery, Aftro- 
 noray into vain and prefumptuousAftrology, that an- 
 cient and divine fcience of Alchimy into Cementati- 
 ons, Blanchers, and Citrinations, ending commonly 
 either in cofenage, coinage, or in Capiftro, which 
 made Petrark to give a Caveat in thefe words. Cave 
 jilchimiaTX, ft wiper vehm illiquid defuerit^ dtlis nihil. 
 And agziajChimifta qui tibi aurum fuumfpondet,cum 
 tuo auro improvifus aufugiet. This made Cha&cer in 
 his time to play fo pleafantly upon the Alchimifts 
 hollow cole,& this hath made me to touch or glance 
 at a few other flights of later date, thereby to admo- 
 nifh all young Gentlemen and others to take heed of 
 all thefe mercenary hirelings, cum aliis milleau- 
 reos promittantjpfi drachmam petunt.Loctu pofcit fa- 
 huUm. A fubtilc Marchant forting himfelf of late, 
 with an old fmoky Alchimift for his better credit, 
 as they became fellow travellers in the higher part 
 of Germany together, lighting by chance upon a 
 crew of Merchants that were well monied,and ready 
 for any rich prize that fhould be offered unto them, 
 efpecially for Jafons bark that was laden with the 
 golden Fleece, after fome falutation had, and a few 
 words of courfe enterchangeably pa fling betwixt 
 them,this cunning companion of the Alchimifts be- 
 gan to parly with them in this manner. My Mafters 
 and friends, you feem to be men ©f honeft parentage 
 and condition, and moft happily to be here met both 
 for your own. good and ours. So it is, that it you 
 vyill perform that fecrefie which is requifite in fo 
 
 weighty 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 weighty a matter as I am in purpoie to commend 
 unto you,I will make you the moft royal Merchants 
 of the whole world+Neither fhall any of you make 
 the hazard ©r adventure ef one Denier, until! with 
 your own eyes and hands you fhall have feen and 
 made a fenfible proof of this my friendly offer. It is 
 but in vain to ufe many words among friends. You 
 fhall make a perfeCt projection your felves upon 
 Mercury ^adomne exameti 5 and becaufe my felf and 
 my partner will be free from all fufpicion of deceit, 
 you fhall bring the Crufible, the coals, and alfo the 
 Quick- filver with you,and we will but onely deliver 
 you one grain of the medicine which fhall extend it 
 felf upon a full ounce of Mercury, which you your 
 felves fhall Itkewife let fall into the crufible. A man 
 would think that this were plain dealing, and that un- 
 lefs thefe men were wilfully bent to cozen themfelvs, 
 that it were impoffible to deceive fo many young eys 
 that watched fo carefully for themfelves.But now to 
 the pra&ife. The fire being kindled one of them fets 
 on theCtufible by direction of the Alchymift,under 
 the note of a pair of Goldfmiths bcllows,who told 
 him that for the better fixation of the Mercury, 
 there muA now and then a reverberatory blaft be 
 made with the bellows, after the Mercury was 
 once warm in the melting pot. Now this Irnpo- 
 ftor had before conveyed into the nofe of the bel- 
 lows, an ounce or fomwhat more ( to fupply that 
 which the Mercury with his fume fhould carry a- 
 way with him)of Sol fo fubtiliated by often reitera- 
 tion of Aqua Regis upon it,as that it became almoft 
 an impalpable powder, which when the Merchant by 
 the appointmentof the Chimift,had blown amongtt 
 the Mercury, he was willed to drop in the medicine, 
 
 Ms being 
 
The Ieml-Houfe of 
 
 being wrapt up in a fmal paper, and then to leave the 
 cruGble in the fire* untill the medicine and the Mer- 
 cury were both incorporated together, and that the 
 Mercury were fufficiently tinned into Sofand with- 
 in one half hour ( after he had fir ft caufed them to 
 melt down an ounce of fine gold in another crufible, 
 and to put the fame to the firft work,. for the better 
 fufion of the powder ) hee willed to bee taken 
 out of the fire, and conveyed into an ingot, and 
 the fame being cold became two ounces of per- 
 fect Sol, abiding both the hammer, and the reft, 
 and the horn of Antimony* It is not to be doubted, 
 but that thefe young gallants were right joy full of 
 this good fuedefs, defiring nothing more then to be- 
 come Lullifts, offering to exchange their freedome 
 both of the old Hance and of the new, for this mul- 
 tiplying Art. Now this geer worketh like wax, and 
 the Alehimift demands 200© dollers,ror the provf- 
 fion of coals, furnaces,faks 5 and minerals* but efpeci- 
 ally to ingrofs all the Mercury that could be gotten, 
 leaft either it fhould rife to an exceffive price, or be 
 tranfported into Spain, for the refining of the Indian 
 ore. jThe money is forthwith delivered by weight, 
 becaule there mu ft be no time loft in the telling,wirh 
 a charge to u(e all expedition that could be for the 
 gathering of the Mercury together that was to be got 
 far and neer.The fubftance of this hiftory is delivered 
 already jl will not ftand long upon therircttmftance. 
 The Alchimift having fingered the mony, begins to 
 ere& furnaces,and entertains them with a few diftil- 
 Iations,calcinations,and fublimations, teaching them 
 how to make, Lutmn Sapienti aqu&m feperationu^ 
 aqu&m regis^oleum vitrtolhfalis^ & fulphuris, to con- 
 geal Mercury with the fpi-rit of Saturn, to make fac- 
 
 carum 
 
An and Nature. 
 
 S S 
 
 carum SatnrnijLO whiten their teeth withal, to blanch 
 copper with Arfnick,to melt i part of Luna with 3 
 parts of Venus together, and then to forge plate ther- 
 of,and by a certain ebulition to make the fame divers 
 .times to touch equal with ourbcft ftarling,or higher 
 according to the finenefs of the filver that was min- 
 gled with Venus,all this (with an infinite number of 
 Ipagirical experiments) was performed, both to pals 
 away the time without tedicufnefs,wbileft the Phy • 
 lofophers egg(which required 10 moneths digeftion 
 was hatching in Coelo P bilofiphorum ) as alfoto gain 
 the more credit with the Merchants, whereby a man 
 of thefe Angle gifts, might not be feared or miftruft- 
 ed of this flight, which both he and his companion 
 were daily pra<Stifing,and in the end finding good op- 
 portunity they put tfie fame in execu tion ,leaving the 
 that had moft need to blow at the cole, i do verily 
 beleeve that if the old D t of Florence were alive a- 
 gain,he would have outbidden the Merchants for this 
 fecret, whole diftillatory veffels, furnaces, and other 
 chimical inftrument$,were al of filver as I have heard 
 it often reported. But now to give a few Items more 
 againft thefe Impoftors,before I conclude, let every 
 man that is befotted in this arr, and depends wholly 
 on other mens pra&ifesfhimfelfnot being fuificient- 
 ly acquainted with thole great and hidden Maximes 
 of nature)take heed alfo of all falfe and double bot- 
 toms incrufibles, of all hollow wands or rods ofi- 
 ron, wherewith feme of thefe varlets do ufe to ftir the 
 rnettal and the medicine together, of all Amalgames, 
 or powders, wherein any gold or filver fhal be crafti- 
 ly conveyed, of Sol or Luna, firft rubified and then 
 projection made on it,as if it were on Venus her fell; 
 but fpccially of a falfe back to the Chimney or fur- 
 
 ' M | ' : mefy. 
 
2$ The lewel-Houfie of 
 
 nace, having a loofe brick or (tone clolely jointed 
 that may be taken away in another room by a falfe 
 Sinon that attendeth on the Alchimifts hem,or fome 
 other (uch like watch-word,who alter the medicine 
 and the Mercury put together in the Crufible,enter- 
 taineth Balbinus with a walk, and with the volubility 
 of his tongue, untiil his confederate might have iei- 
 fure to convey lome gold or filver into the melting 
 pot, which were able to deceive the beft lighted Ar- 
 gus in the world. 
 
 By thefe few legerdemains,I hope many thoufands 
 will be lufficiemly warned,of thele wandring and ro- 
 guing Alchymifts, who fince the death of Cuckow, 
 Stanny,and Peats,and the reft of that rabble, are be- 
 come the very Juglers of the land , yea infinitely 
 wotle than they: for that our ancient Juglers would 
 fhew all their jugling tricks for a groat or a teafter, 
 and though now and then they made fhew to tranf- 
 mute filver into counters, or money out of one mans 
 hand into anothers,yet in the end, every man return- 
 ed with the Coin which he brought in his purfe a- 
 gain, whereas thele Rafcals do not onely convert o- 
 ther mens tnony into their own purfes, but procure 
 alfo a great Ioffe and expence of time, which might 
 have been many ways better, but no way worfe im- 
 ployed,and can never be redeemed again. Where- 
 fore to conclude with Petrarch, Die ut ea (ibi praftet 
 quae promittit atiis, primumque (uam pellat inopiam. 
 Eft emmfure mendicum genm bominum^cumque fe pau*. 
 perss fattantur, ditare alios volunt , quafi attend, tilts 
 quam propria molefiior fit pauper t as : file ut miferi fe 
 alios miferere die ere foleant impudenter , O’ ignotis e- 
 tiam inter dum magna promittere : O turpis premijfio , 
 & Oftulta credulitas. 
 loo. How 
 
Art And Nature* 
 
 *7 
 
 ioo.Hew to nip or clofe a glajf with a pair of hot tongs , 
 which is commonly called Sigillum Hermetic. 
 
 P Lace a viol or other glafs having a long neck, in 
 a pan of afhcs,fuffering one inch of the neck on- 
 ly to peer above theafhes, then laycharcole round 
 about the neck, and clofe to the fame, fome do alfo 
 cover the viol with a round glafs fitted to the mouth 
 both to keep out the afhes and alio the extreatn heat 
 of the fire fromftriking downward intothe belly of 
 the glafSjCovering alfo the very top or futility of the 
 glafl'e with charcole 2 or 3 inches above the fame, 
 then make a fire at the top, and let it kindle of it fell 
 downward, and if that heat be not fufficient, ufe alfo 
 the blaft of the bellows, for you muff force the neck 
 of the glafs even to a heat of fufion, and when it is 
 ready to melt, then nip the fame clofe together with 
 a pair of tongs being red hot,which for the fame pur- 
 pofemuft be kept in a ftrong glowing fire, and if 
 you can take it in his juft time, you fhall clofe the 
 fame fo ftrongly, that it is impoffible for any air to 
 iffue out. You may fafely keep any diflilled oyl or 
 water in a glaffe lb nipt. But take heed how you 
 keep the juyee of any ftrong or fiery plant, as alfo of 
 any deco&ien that is apt to work it felf into a bo- 
 dy,as new muft, or the ftrong wort either of ale or 
 beer,leaft you do not onely mifpend your time lofe 
 your liquor,and break your glafs, but alfo happen to 
 get a fhrewd turn your felf if you be within gun- 
 fliot. For there be certain wild fpirits within who 
 can endure no imprifonment,but if they can find no 
 way, they will make way, bearing out before tfiem 
 both lock, bolt, and hinges, and yet they are fitch as 
 
88 
 
 Tbi I mel-Uottfe of 
 
 the Pbiiofopher cannot want,thougfi the vulgar fort 
 know no ule of them. 
 
 101.^ Wagon to be drawn with Mettjnfieadof H or feu 
 
 T He joints and other 
 parts of 'his Wa- 
 gon are lo kuit together 
 with hooks ar.d pins, as 
 that it m:y eafiiy be 
 dif- jointed and take n in 
 funder, Whereby many 
 of them may be couch- 
 ed in a narrow room, St 
 wil lie dole together in 
 a fhip.lt is to be drawn 
 with fix men, whereof 
 two of them mu ft labor 
 at the fore cariage ther- 
 of,and at either wheel o* 
 thcr two , which muft 
 work by winding of the 
 handles, ( which are of 
 parpofe fattened both 
 to the nave of the wheel 
 and axletreeleither for- 
 ward Qr backward as 
 occafion ferveth. The ufe thereof is to convey their 
 vi&uals and other neceflaries from place to place, 
 when the Mariners and fouldiers have caufe to land 
 in fotne count ries where the place a ff ords no horfe or 
 other beafts that are fit for labour or carriage. I 
 know not the author of this invention, but becaufe it 
 came fo happily to my hands, and carries fome good 
 
 conceit 
 
Art and Nature „ 8 p 
 
 conceit with it, I think it necelTary to be publifhed a- 
 mongft other fcrviceable devifes for the fea, 
 
 I o 2 .A delicate fiove to (treat in* 
 
 P ut into a brats pot of fome bigtfefs, fuch prd- 
 portion of fweet hcarbs,and of fuch kind as £hai 
 be mbft appropriate for your infimity , with fome 
 reafonable qaotity of water, clofe the fame with an 
 apt cover , and well luted with fome pafte made of 
 ftowr and whites of eggs; at fome part of the cover 
 you muff let in a leaden pipe ( the entrance whereof 
 mull alfo be well luted) this pipe muft be conveyed 
 ( through the fide of the Chimney where your pot 
 ftandeth ) in at a thick hollow ftaff of a bathing tub 
 eroded with hoops, according to the ufual manner; 
 whereby you may cover it with a fheet at your plea- 
 fure.Now the fteem of the pot palling through the 
 pipe under the falfe bottom of the bathing tub,which 
 muft be bored full of big holes, will breath fo fweet 
 and warm a vapour upon your body,as that ( recei- 
 ving air by holding your head without the tub as you 
 fit therein ) you (hall fweat moil temperately, and 
 continue the fame a long time without fainting. And 
 this is performed with a fmal fire ofCharcole main- 
 tained under the pot for this purpofe. Note that the 
 room would be dole wherein you place your ba- 
 thing tub, leaft any fudden cold fhould offend you, 
 whikft your body is made open and porous to the 
 ayr. 
 
 1 03. The art of refining of Sugar, > 
 
 M Ake a very ftrong lee of unfleckt Iitne,wbere- 
 in diffolve as much courfe fugar as the lee wil » 
 N b#ar 3 
 
The lewcl’Hwfe of 
 
 bear, then boil the fame a little, and prefently put in 
 the whites of eggs firft beaten intooyl, which will 
 make it to give up a fcum 5 which muft be taken away 
 as long as any riles. Then pour all the liquors 
 through a great woollen cloth bag,& fo the filth wil 
 remain behind in the bag, then boil the liquor again 
 till it be ripe, which you fhallknow by taking two 
 or three drops of theliquor,and putting that upon a 
 plate of cold iron, letting it cool, which when it is 
 congealed a little like falt 5 or as a mean between fir- 
 rup and hard fugar , then take the liquor from the 
 fire , and pour out the fame into the earthen pot, or 
 molds made for the fame purpofc, having a hole in 
 the f mailer end, which muft be ftopt for one night af- 
 ter, and after that night open it, letting all the fub- 
 fiance remain in the pot , untill the fyrrup begin to 
 leave dropping ( into the nether pot wherein molds 
 ftand ) or drop very flowly at the little hole,this fyr- 
 rup(as I take it) is that which they call theMalafToes.) 
 Then take Potters clay,and clay the broad ends of the 
 pot over therewith, and as that clay finketh down by 
 reafon of the fhrinkmg of the fugar 5 fil them up with 
 more clay, repeating the doing thereof till the fugar 
 fhrink no more then take the fugar* loaves out of the 
 Molds, and put them in a Stove, till they be dry and 
 hard 5 and after bind them up in papers according to 
 art. Note that if the fugar after the firft boiling, and- 
 being poured out into the molds, and beginning to 
 congeal, appear to be overblack or foul, and fhall 
 not become white at the firft in the fame molds, but 
 feme fpecial part remain thereby hen it muft be new 
 boiled with Lte in all points ut fupra , till it be per- 
 fectly white. Alfo the clay muft be potters clay s 
 tempered like pap id water and the fame muft run 
 
 through 
 
Art and Nature, 
 
 through a Colander ful of holes upon the bottom of 
 the Sugar loaf, for the foftneffeof the fugar wil not 
 fuffer the preffing, down of any ftiff clay. This re- 
 ceit though happily it want fome of the circumftsn- 
 ces in the Art of refining , yet it fhould Teem the 
 matter of fubftance is fufficiently unfolded herein. 
 I had the fame of a Gentleman of good worfhip,and 
 a great artift. 
 
 104. The d/fcovery of Sal Gem in a Thilofopkical dif- 
 courfe as well upon the common , as upon the vegeta-^ 
 tive and fruBifying fait of Nature > 
 
 H Aving found by fundry obfervatioss , drawn 
 from experience her felf, the undoubted mo- 
 ther of all true and certain knowledge, that ail forts 
 and kinds of Marl, or foyl whatfoever, either known 
 or ufed already for the manuring or bettering of ail 
 hungry and barren grounds, or as yet concealed, and 
 kept in the bofome of nature, from the common and 
 vulgar fort of people do dr^w their f rutStifying ver- 
 tue from that vegetable fait ( which M. her shard 
 PaliJJy in his learned and Philofophical treatife, dela 
 nature des eaux & fonteines , doth fo often term by 
 the name of a Eft element , whereon all our ancient 
 Pbyiofophers did fcarcely dream ) I have thought 
 good,becaufe I would not feem fantaftical,and over- 
 weening in mine own conceit , as if I were the firft 
 broacher of this opinion: before I proceed to any 
 pra&ical difeoveries herein; firfl; to let down that 
 fhortand fweet difcourle of FrancifcusValetius 'xw 
 his book of de facra Vhilof rphia.czp. 3 4.upon the mi- 
 racle- contained in the fourth book of the Kings ard 
 feeond chapter , and then to amplifie the fame by 
 
 Ni fome 
 
Thelcml'Houfe of 
 
 9 i 
 
 fome of thofe manifeft experiments which are com- 
 mon in this land already,and by fome others ofmore 
 value, and yet of lefs charge, although as yet not 
 known, or at the leafl not publifhed by any former 
 Authour. 
 
 lit the Fourth Book of Kings, the Second Chap- 
 ter, the ip, 2 o,2t, and 2 2 Verfe it is thus written : 
 And the men of the City ( that is of Jericho ) 
 to Elifha^ Behold fir, the dwelling of this City is plea- 
 fant , as thou thy / elf fee ft , but the Water is naughty and 
 the Ground barren. Hefaid } bring me a new Crufie y 
 and put fait therein . And they brought it to him . And 
 he went unto the Spring of Waters , and caft the Salt 
 therein , and f aid, t bus faith the Lord , I have healed 
 thefe Waters t there {bad not come henceforth either 
 Death or barrtnnef. So the Waters were healed unto 
 this day , according to the faying of Elifha which he 
 fpake. 
 
 WhereuponValerius treateth in this manner.There 
 is no doubt but that this, as alio divers other figns 
 and tokens were fhewed unto the people of lirael 
 by way of figure, as Sr* Paul doth teftifie and that 
 the fame doth figmfie fome other purifying, and 
 clean fing of waters, and that it was done m token of 
 fome Sacrament, But whether there be any regard 
 to be had of Nature in this miracle, or no, we are at 
 this prefent to confider and examine. For I have of- 
 tentimes obferved, even in the performing of mira- 
 cles, that for she moftpart, it pleafethGod to ufe 
 fome natural caufe, and that upon many and excel- 
 lent reafons him moving thereunto. Wherefore fee- 
 ing the ^arrennefs of the earth is cured by the wa- 
 ters, it is manifeft that > here is nothing elfe meant in 
 this place,bu£ that the Waters were of fuch kind and 
 
 quality* 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 91 
 
 quality, as that the earth being watered therewith, 
 became barren by their corruption. And it feecoeth 
 by all probability that this fault was in their faltnefs, 
 both beeaufe it is an ordinary accident to many wa- 
 ters, wherby they are made unwholfom to be drank, 
 and beeaufe that of all other things doth moft of all 
 make the earth unfruitiull ; whereupon it grew into 
 a cuftome with our ancient forefathers, that all fuch 
 ground as became forfeit and con fif cate unto the 
 Crown, by reafon of any high and capital offence 
 committed,fhould be ploughed and fowed With fair, 
 which we read to have been done by Abimelech, in 
 Iudg ? . when he had deftroyed the City of the She- 
 chemites : And the Pfalmift faith, He hath deflroy- 
 eda fruitfull land with faltnefs r for the wickednefs of 
 the inhabitants. And therefore falmefs is a principal 
 means to make tbeground uufruitf u),and the fowing 
 of fait thereon jzfringeth forth barrennefs and a curfe 
 upon it. / 
 
 But how thed commeth it to pafs,that if the waters 
 of Jericho did hereby both become unfavory for the 
 people to drink,and unprofitable for the encreafe of 
 the earth, that there fhould be any natural vertue in 
 fait, to helpe and f weeten them, elpecially when S, 
 James fays in the 3d chapter of his Epiftle,My bre- 
 thren,can the figg tree bring forth grapes, or the vine 
 bring forth figs ? So neither by the fame reafon can 
 fait make waters to be frefh and fweet. Neither can 
 it be denied, but that as contraries are remedied by 
 their contraries, fo likewife that the faults of aj things 
 are enereafed by their like, and femblableNarures* 
 Therefore one ofthefe two mu ft of neceffity fa! out, 
 that either in the miracle of Elifha,there was no re- 
 gard had of nature at all, but thatthere was a meer 
 
 N 1 contrary 
 
*4 
 
 The Iewtl-Houfc of 
 
 contrary courfe to nature ufed, thereby to make the 
 miracle the greater(for we read of the like often in 
 the holy Scriptures ) or elfe that the fault of thefe 
 waters, was not in their faltnefle, but rather in fome 
 other rotten and putrified corruption>which as in all 
 other things, fo in water mo ft efpecially is corred- 
 ed by the addition and mixture of falt.For fait being 
 of a hot and dry nature, and by folution being very 
 apt to incorporate therewith, confumeth all the pu- 
 rr ified vapours or parts thereof, and cotre&eth all 
 the putrefa&ion which it finds, and it maketh al good 
 waters to keep fweet and found the longer. For the 
 Mariners themfelves can witnefs,that fuch waters as 
 be femwhat brackifh, are the beft for long voyages, 
 becaufe they will laft longer then others: and there- 
 fore they do often water their fhips from fprings 
 that be near the fea. And furthermore they that do 
 fearch more narrowly into the nature and property 
 of all thing!, doconftantly affirm, that fuch fprings 
 as beoffenfive in fmell,or that carry any bad or cor- 
 rupt taft with them,are no way better to be purified 
 and clean fed, then by calling of lair into tl em. There- 
 fore this feemech very probable,for that ( befides all 
 which 1 have already al [edged ) waters do become 
 moft deadly and contagious , by their putrified and 
 offenfive fmeis, rather thenbv their faitnef ♦ Yea the 
 falenefs of the water unlefs it be exrreatn ( as in the 
 fea of Sodom, which for that ningendreth no live 
 thing, and alfo deftroyeth whatfoever falleth into ir, 
 it is called by the name of the dead fea Jdoth neither 
 tend to deftru<ftion 5 neicher is it offenfive co the ferti- 
 lity of the groundvbut rather being me^ay brackifh, 
 and thereby it felt alfo not fubjed to putrefadion, 
 as we may behold in the fea ) it maketh the water* 
 
 thcmfelues 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 95 
 
 themfelves moft fruitfull.Neithcr is there any place 
 in the whole world , where that generative venue 
 doth more abound , or where there is more infinite 
 generation and multiplication of creatures, then in 
 the wide Ocean. And I do verily fecleeve,that the fpi- 
 ritof God which in the beginning did fpread it lelf 
 upon the waters (which I do hold to be a certain fire) 
 did make them to be of th t nature, that is to fay, 
 thick and fait, and by that reafon they are much mote 
 apt lor the generation of all creatures,then any frefh 
 waters whatsoever* Now then every kind of fak 
 water is not hurtfull to plants, neither is it hurtfull 
 to all alike, but there be certain plants which profper 
 beft in fait waters, and thole fprings which be Some- 
 what brackilhare rather unfit to make drink for 
 mans body,th@n to water the grounds. For nothing is 
 more unfavory in our drink then fair, becaufethar 
 our thirft doth naturally defire to be latisfied with 
 that which is cold and moift, whereas thele water- 
 ing dews do rather reprefent a food,then a bare drink 
 to the earth, for they give a kind of nourishment un- 
 to plants,neither do they offend unleffe they be over- 
 falted like Brine, So that according to the meafure 
 of faltneffe, cbefe waters be either good or hurtfull 
 to all kind ol vegetables: for if they favour of the ex- 
 ceffe,then they burn and dry up the ground , and Co 
 make it Barren, but it they be moderately fait, they 
 agree well with divers plants , and be not very hurtv 
 full unto any. 
 
 So like wife all other living creatures by the ex- 
 tremity of laltnefle are deftroyed utterly, as we fee 
 by ti e Red fea , tor they are even parched avray 
 therewith, but if that the fame be more temperate (as 
 in all other feas ,taaany creatures are ingcndred there- 
 
Tbs Imel-Houft of 
 
 9j 
 
 by, and do grow into huge and mighty bodiesjand be 
 more found then any other creatures , and many of 
 them being dead, may be kept a long time, although 
 I am not ignorant, that fome kinds ot fifties cannot 
 indure the leaft fajtnefs that may be, neither can they 
 continue or live blit in the frefh water, onely, and 
 fome others again do thrive and profper in either of 
 them, fuch is the great variety of natures. But unto 
 man, and to divers other land creatures, the eating of 
 much fait is very contagious, becaufe it maketh the 
 bloud fait, and it breeds barrennefs to mans body by 
 the extream ficcity thereof, and it maketh our feed or 
 nature too ftiarp, but the fame being moderately ta- 
 ken is very ftirring in our bodies,and provokes them 
 to venerous a<5ls, whereby it helps to the generation 
 of mankind. 
 
 And therefore me thinks, that all thofe controver- 
 fies about the feveral natures of fait, arebutfrivo- 
 lous,wherein lome do contend that it ingenders,bar- 
 rennefs, and death, and therefore it was ufed to be 
 thrown upon curled grounds, and others would have 
 the fame to beof a fruitfall and incorrupt nature, 
 which made the Poets to fain , that Venus was born 
 in the lea , by means of the fperm of the Gods that 
 fell into it,and fo they called her dpioJ'hw of the fome 
 or froth of the fea.And here by the way I wil make 
 bold alfo to mfert the opinion of that learned, and 
 great Magitian, Jo. Bap. 347. who writing upon the 
 helps of conception faith, that fait doth greatly fur- 
 ther procreation, for it doth not onely ftir up luff, 
 but it doth alfo minifter fruiifulnefte. And therefore 
 the Egyptians did ufe to feed their bitches with fait 
 meats, when they found them unapt for generation. 
 And Plutarch doth witneffe that lhips upon the feas, 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 97 
 
 are peftred and poifoned oftentimes, with exceeding 
 ftoreof mice. And fome hold opinion that the fe- 
 males, without any copulation with the males , do 
 conceive onely by licking of fait. And this tnaketh 
 the Fiflv mongers wives fo wanton and fo beautiful. 
 Wnich caufed the Egyptian Priefts by the report 0f 
 Plutarch moft religioufly to abftain from lak, ai)d 
 fait meats, for that they found them very ftirring add 
 provoking to venery .Wherefore fince the nature of 
 fait is to defend and take away all putrifa£tion 3 which 
 leadeth every thing unto deftm&ion, it feems upon 
 good reafon that this was the fait of the waters of 
 Jericho, and that Elilha did hold a natural courfe in 
 cor reding of them: God himfelf exalting above na- 
 ture that naturall property which he had firft gi- 
 ven unto fait : for orherwife, neither fo fmall a pro- 
 portion of fait, would have fufficed to have purified 
 lo great a quantity of waters , neither could thefe 
 waters have lafted fweet untill this day. Thus farre 
 Valerius, 
 
 Now that we may yet have a further , and more 
 inward fpeculation into the nature of fak 3 it (hall not 
 be impertinent to our purpofe 5 to fet down and gather 
 all thole obfervarions, which I have alfo culled and 
 gathered out of two larger treatifes, the lame being 
 even wrung out of the bowels of the earth, by that 
 learned husbandman Maker Bernard PaliJJy , where- 
 of the one is intituled , Des fels diverfes , and the o- 
 ther De U marn ^ whereby all thofethat be the true in- 
 fants of Are 5 may receive a full light into nature, 
 whidvdoth here prelent her felt in all her roy iky, 
 with her Cornucopia in her hand, and the ignorant 
 Farmers may alfo glean with them, a few lofe and 
 icateered ears, to make fo much bread of, as may 
 
 O relieve 
 
3 
 
 The lewel-Houfe of 
 
 relieve their hungry bellies. And having performed 
 this coliedion 3 I will letdown fuch particular prad- 
 ifes as have their full warrant from thefc two Theo- 
 ricks 3 and may lervein divers parts ol this land 3 eithtr 
 for arable or pafture grounds , where the ordinary 
 foil or dung doth fail us. 
 
 A Philo- There are fo many forts ard kinds of fait (faith 
 Br&ourfc Rafter ^emard)thn it is impoflible for any man to 
 fait* number them all, and farther I tell thee that there is 
 not any one thing in the world 3 which doth not parti- 
 cipate of this falt 5 whether it be man 3 beaft 5 tree 5 plant s 
 
 0 r any other kind of vegetable* yea even the mettals 
 themfelves: and that which is more, there is not any 
 kind of vegetable whatloever * that could grow or 
 flourifh 5 without the adion of falt,which lies hid in 
 every feed$and befides all this 3 if the fait were divided 
 from the body of any living man 5 or from ftones 
 which are wrought up intoifrong buildings,or from 
 the principal pofts , the beams 3 and rafters of any 
 houfe 3 they would all fall to powder in the twink- 
 ling of an eye. The like may be faid 3 both of iron* 
 fteel 3 gold 3 and filver 3 3nd all other mettals. And there- 
 fore he that would know of me how many kinds of 
 fait there be, I fhall be forced to anfwer him that 
 there be as many 3 as there be feveral forts of taftes 3 or 
 feents. 
 
 Coppres is a faIt 5 Niter is a falt 3 vitrial is a fait* al- 
 t ^ om * s a f a h a Borras iS a faltjSuger is a ialc 3 Sublimate 
 a is a faltjSaltpeter is a fak 5 theSalt gem 3 Le Salicor,the 
 Tartar 3 Sal Armoniack, allthefe are divers kinds of 
 falts 3 and if I would ta^e upon me to name them all, 
 
 1 fhould never make an end. The fait which the Al- 
 chy miffs call Sa} Alcali 5 is extraded from an herb, 
 which groweth ih the fait marifhes of thelflesof 
 
Art a nd Nature. 
 
 Xanttign. The fait of Tartar, is nothing elfe,then that 
 fait of the raifins which giveth the tafte and favour 
 to the Wine,and defendeth it from putrefadion: and 
 therefore I lay yet again, that the favour of all things 
 proceeded! from fait, which alone caufeth the vege- 
 tation, perfedion, maturity,and the whole good that 
 is contained in every thing that nourifheth* 
 
 And although there be divers forts of thefe and 
 other vegetables, whole falts fee more fixed, and of fait, 
 harder folution then the fait of the Vine, & du fail- 
 cor, neverthdefs I fay, that in all manner of Trees 
 and plants there is more or lefs of this fair, videlicet , 
 fo much as is fufficient for them, as well as in thofe 
 others before mentioned j for ©therwifemany kinds 
 of Afhes would not ferve to whiten linnen cloathes : 
 by the effed of which afhes thou mayeft eafily un- 
 derftand that there is fait in all things. And thou art 
 not to think, that the afhesfbe of ftrength to whiten, 
 but onely by the vertue of their fait, for otherwife 0 f tfcesj 
 the felf-fame afhes might ferve divers times. 
 
 But in fo much as the fait which is within the faid 
 afhes cotnmeth to be diffolved in the water wherein 
 they boil, it penetrateth the linnen, and by his vertue, 
 fharpnefs and biting, all the filth and foil of Cloth is 
 difperfed, mollified, and carried downward with the 
 water, which afterwards becommeth a Lee,becaufe 
 that therein refteth and remaineth all fuch fait as 
 w is in the afhes before, being now diffolved by the 
 adion ©t the water, and the afhes by this means ha- 
 ving loft their faltnefs,have not any more ftrength to 
 whiten any other linnen, and men caft them out in- 
 to the ftreets as altogether unprofitable. Mark yet 
 one other example. When the falt-peter men feck 
 to draw out the falt-peter from the earth, they work 
 
 O 2 in 
 
loo Thelewel-Houfe of 
 
 in the fame manner as is before fet down for the ma- 
 king of the Lee, and when they have gotten out the 
 fak-peter 3 both the afhes and the earth, out of which 
 they have now taken the fait, are altogether unprofi- 
 table, for that there is no more fait left, which was 
 the principal worker. 
 
 And yet for thy better inftru&ion, confider thofe 
 men which tan the hides of beafis^they take the barks 
 of Oakland having dried and broken them, they lay 
 them amorsgft the hides in their tanning fats ; and 
 when the hides have remained their full time with 
 thofe barks 5 they caft them away as a thing of no fur- 
 ther ufe(although 1 know that in divers places where 
 fewelis dear, they ufe to make clods or turfs of 
 thcm,in the likenefs and form of cheefes, which they 
 caufe to be dried, and fo burn them for want of o- 
 ther fmng)bu£ the afhes of them are nothing worth, 
 becaufe the fair of them is already fpent. 
 
 Doeflthou notunderftand hereby, that it is not 
 the bark that hath hardened and tanned the leather, 
 but the fait which is contained therein £ For other- 
 wife the famebarks would ferve again; but becaufe 
 the fait is difToived, it is foaked into the Leather, by 
 reafon of his'moifture, which hath made an attracti- 
 on thereof to ferve his own turn. It is alfo to be no- 
 ted, that in all kind of woods, the fait is in a manner 
 wholly in the barks, and that fuch wood as is barked 
 doth never yeeld any ftrong afhes. 
 
 Monnfieur Sifly, Duke Moun/genfier bis Phy (Iri- 
 an (hewed unto me upon a certain time, a flick of 
 Cinamon, which was about feur foot in length, and 
 an inch thick; I tafted of the uttermoft bark thereof* 
 and it had the lively and natural favour of the beft 
 arid ftrongeii Cinamon, whereas in all the reft of the 
 
 flick 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 I ol 
 
 flick there was no more taft than in a (lone. And this 
 is the reafon why the Tanners account of nothing elfe 
 but the barks, becaufe of the fait which is in them^ 
 for other wile the reft of the wood being wrought 
 into powder, might ferve their turn as well. 
 
 And for further proof that there is fome fait in e- 
 very thing, we read that the ^Egyptians were wont 
 to ufe Niter, and other aromatical bodies, about the 
 dead bodies of their Kings and Princes, which we do 
 call embalming; which Niter is a preferving fait that 
 defendeth from putrifa&ion ; and their flefh fo em- 
 balmed is called Mumia, which the ^Egyptians do 
 find to be very medicinable 3 and for my parti think 
 the fame more wholefome then potable gold. There 
 be fame in our time that would fain imitate that an- 
 cient manner of embalming, and feek to make a kind 
 of Mumia of their bodies who have fufered death 
 for fome capital offence, but they fail herei%fend. 
 their Mumia doth foon corrupt and pmrifie, f# 
 want of fuch excellent aromatical drugs as thole am* 
 cient ^Egyptians ufed. For now it is generally hold- 
 cn,that all diofe fweet fmelling fimples, all the Ru~ 
 barb, Gums, and other aromatical ware, are greatly 
 lophifticated before they come to our handstand our 
 common fait is not of that vertue to preferve things 
 withal, as thofe aromatical drugs which come from 
 the bleffed Arabia, and other hot Countreys, And 
 that every thing hath fame fait in it, it is manifeft, 
 for that it is poffible to make Glafs of all kinds of 
 afties,although fome forts of them be of ha rder fufj- 
 onor melting then others. And werether- not fome 
 fait in all trees and herb^‘ it would be moft impoflf 
 ble to make Glafs of them. 
 
 The tecret venues ajfo which lie hid in felt con- 
 
 O 5 firm 
 
 Glafs or- 
 al! kinds 
 ot nibesa 
 
 Tbs vir» 
 sue of 
 
The Jewel- Houfe »f 
 
 M 
 
 firm the fame. For fait whiteneth all things, it hard- 
 neth all things ? it preferveth all things, it giveth favor 
 to all things, it is that Maftick that glewes all things 
 together, it gathereth and knitteth all mineral mat- 
 ters,and of many thoufand pieces it makethonemals. 
 This fait gives found to all things , and without the 
 loiiad no mettal will ring in his lhril voice. Salt naa- 
 keth men merry, it whiteneth the flefh, and it giveth 
 beauty to all realonablecreatures,it entertaineth that 
 love and amity which is betwixt the male and female 
 through that great vigour and timing up which it 
 provoketh in the ingendring members , it helps to 
 procreation,it gives unto creatures their voice,as al- 
 fo unto mettals.Salt is the caule that many fmal pib- 
 bleftones being fubtilly powdered, become one mafs, 
 whereof they make our drinking glaffes,and all other 
 forts of Table veffel , and by the power of fait , all 
 fubflances may be brought into tranfparent bodies. 
 And it is fait that makes all feeds to flourifh and 
 grow,and although the number of thofe men is very 
 fmall’, which can give any true reafon why dung 
 fhould do any good in arable grounds , but are led 
 thereto more by cuftome then any Philofophical 
 reafon,neverthelefs it is apparant,that no dung which 
 is laid upon barren grounds, could any way inrich the 
 fame, if it were not for the fait which the ftraw and 
 Muck- h a y i e i t behind them by their putrifa& ion. And ther- 
 a'ghTto fore all thefe fimple forts which leave their muck- 
 be cover, heaps abroad, and fubjeft to the weather, fhew them- 
 fdves to be but mean husband men, and that they ne- 
 ver tailed of any true naturalPhilofophy.For the rain 
 which falleth upon thele cJung-hils, flowing down- 
 ward into the valleys, doth alfo carry with it the fait 
 ©f the dung, which diffolveth it felt with the moift- 
 
 ure ; 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 lire : whereby the foyl being afterward laid abroad 
 upon the land, doth little or no good unto ir* But if 
 thou wilt not give credit unto my Ipeech, yet mark 
 bow the labouring Hind,wben he carries his dung to 
 tho field, how in difcharging of his loads he leaves it 
 in certain heaps together, and a while after he com- 
 meth to fpread it all over the ground, and layeth the 
 fame in equal level , and afterward when the field 
 happens to be lowed with corn, thou fljalt alwaies 
 find the corn to be more green and rank id thofe pla- 
 ces where the fame heaps were firft laid ( after they 
 have lain there fotne reafonable time ) then in any o- 
 tber place in all the ground beiides,and this comes to 
 paffe,by reafon that the rain which fell upon them, 
 hath carried even the fait through them , and 
 conveyed it into the earth that was under them 
 Whereby thou mayeft eafily gather that it is not the 
 dung it felf which caufes fruitfulnefle : but the fair 
 which the feed hath fucked out of the ground. 
 
 And hereupon it commeth to pafs, that all excre- 
 ments as well of man as beaft, ferve to fatten and en- 
 rich the earth. But if any man will plow and fow his 
 ground yearly without dunging the fame,the hungry 
 feed in time will drink up all the fait of the earth, 
 wherby the earth being robbed of her falr,can bring 
 forth no more fruit, until it be dunged again, or fut* 
 fered to lie fallow a certain time, to the end that it 
 may gather a new faltnefs from the clouds, and rain 
 that falieth upon it. But I (peak not here of common 
 fait, but of the vegetative faltj'for there be fotne that 
 hold opinion, that there is no greater enemy to all 
 feeds then falt,and thatbecaufe in ancient time, when 
 any wicked or defperate villain had committed any 
 notorious crime that deferred death,he had fensence 
 ‘ ’ " " . fivsgi 
 
I @4 The Imel-Motifeef 
 
 given him to have his houfe raced, his ground turned 
 up , and (owed with fait , that it jbight never after 
 bring forth fruit again. I know not whether there be 
 any Country whole fait doth npt agree with corn ; 
 but I am fure that upon the little hillocks in the fait 
 Marfhes of Xantoign,men do mow as good graffe as 
 in any other place that ever I came in. And thofe 
 hillocks do come up of the grounds and walhings 
 thrown up from the bottome of the fame Marlhes, 
 which are as brackifh as the lea water, and yet ne- 
 vertheleffe I did never lee any fairer corn in my life 
 then groweth in them. And therefore I know not 
 why our Judges have taken occafion to few fait on 
 the offenders grounds , to bring a curfe upon them* 
 unlefle there happen to be fome fuchCountry where 
 fait is the meer enemy of all feeds* But to continue 
 our firft courfe, and to prove that lalt is no enemy, 
 either to the vegetative, or fenlative nature. We fee 
 that the V iaes of the Country of Xantoign which are 
 planted in the mid ft of the faltmarfhes, do bring 
 forth a kind of black reafon, which they call Chan - 
 chets , and whereof there is a wine nude that is no- 
 thing inferior to our Hypocras,m which they ufe al- 
 io to dip their toafted bread, as they do in Hypocras. 
 And thele Vines are fo fertile tint one plant of them 
 doth bring forth more fruit , then fix of thole, that 
 grow in Paris. See now what realon I have to think 
 that fait is lo far off from being an enemy to nature, 
 that on the other fide it doth rather help the good- 
 nefle, Iweetneffe, maturity, generation^and preserva- 
 tion of the faid Vines, And not onely lalt doth give 
 bis aid, and help herein, but alfo the air it fell by his 
 exhalations. In the aforelaid Illands, and within 
 she fait Marfhes, there is a fait Hearb found called 
 
 Salicer, 
 
An and Nature . So 5 
 
 Salicor , whereof the tnoft benm'ull glafle of all o* 
 ther is made, and there is alfo gathered that Xan- 
 toign Wormwood, fo called of the Country where 
 it groweth.. The fame hearb hath this property, that 
 il one do boil the fame, and with the deco&ion there- 
 of temper a lit le meal, and make it into pafte, and 
 fo fry the fame either in lard or butter,and eat ther- 
 of, it will expell,and drive out all fuch worms, as 
 are either within the bodies of men, or children. 
 And before I underftood thereof,! had fix children 
 that died of the worms which I did manifefHy per- 
 ceive as well in the anatomizing of their bodies, as 
 alfo for that oftentimes they yoyded them ai their 
 mouths, and when they were drawing to their end, 
 thefe worms would iffue at their nofethrils,My pur- 
 pofe is not hereby to prove that common fait doth a- 
 gree with ail kind of plants , but I am well allured 
 that the fait mar flies of Xantoign, c!o bring forth all 
 manner of fruits that are planted there, and the fame 
 fo pleafant,as in no place more where I have travel- 
 led : All wild heatbs, thorns, and thiftles, do prof- 
 per fo exceedingly there, as no where better, which is 
 a fufficient confutation to thofe which would have 
 fait to be enemy to all plants.For if it were an enemy 
 to plants: it fhould alfo bean enemy to the nature of 
 man, which theBurgonians,wil by no means confefs, 
 for if they were fo perfwaded , they would never 
 have ordained that fait fhould be put in the mouths 
 of their infants at their baptifm, whereupon they 
 are termed the powdred Burgonians, Neither will 
 the beads agree that fait is an enemy unto them,for 
 the Goats will devour as much thereof as you will 
 give them , and they feek out purpofely for brinifh 
 wals,againft the which men have made water,even to 
 
 P lick 
 
6 
 
 The lewel Houfe of 
 
 lick them. And the Pigeons when they happen to find 
 an old wall whofe temper was made of Lime and 
 Sand,and begins once to molder away, they will ne- 
 ver leave it,nor be driven from it. 
 
 Now forne Ample Clown that never knew what 
 learning meant, will perhaps imagine that they feed 
 upon the fand, but that is but a blind concei?,(or it is 
 not digeftible, whereas this is the very potable gold 
 of the Pigeons, and therefore we are not to think that 
 they leek for ought elle then the lime that is in the 
 mertar,and that for the faknefs thereof. And if they 
 happen to (wallow one grain of fand,it is again ft their 
 will?* 
 
 TheOiflers for themoft part arealfonourifhed 
 by fait, and their Aids are compounded of it, which 
 they tbemfelves have wrought up, and it is very f p- 
 parant that it is fo,for that their Aids being caft into 
 the tire 5 do make a crackling much like to a com- 
 mon (alt. And if fait fee of that venue as to work an 
 eredion of thole ingenoriug parts (as I have laid be- 
 fore)!? is a thing moll certain and well approved, 
 that Orders themfelves are of the fame operation : 
 which approveth my former allegation, that thofe 
 Or ders are for the moil part nourifhed with fait. 
 
 But for a further confirmation,that lair is not ene- 
 my to any vegetative nature, lei us a little behold the 
 work of the plain Countrymen of Ardenna,in divers 
 places whereof they cut down woods in great quan- 
 tity , and thole they couch and range in the e- rrfe in 
 iuch forces that there may be drawn unto them fame 
 ayr from bdow,then they Jay great numbers of clods 
 of clay upon the lame wood, yet fuch as are full of 
 Iwartii , an lgrafle? and afterward they kindle the 
 wood which lies thus covered with the turf, and 
 
 after 
 
Art and Nature* 
 
 i © 7 
 
 after they have burned them altogether ii^fiidently, 
 they difperfe them over the face of the whole 
 ground, as we ufe to do in our dung, then they plow 
 it, and fowRie there where nothing elfebut Wood 
 grew before, and the Riecommeth up abundantly* 
 and this ^hey do every fixteen years 5 And ir fome 
 parts but fix years, and in iome parts but four years 
 only,wherby the ground being (pared fokng, bring- 
 eth forth af refh as much wood, and as great as at the 
 firft. And of this Wood they fell fomuch as isluf- 
 ficient to enrich the ground for one years crop, and 
 burn the fame with their turfs together as before^ 
 and fo confcquendy every year undll the number of 
 fixteen years be expired, and then they begin again at 
 the firft pieceof ground which they had plowed fix- 
 teen years Before,in the which they find the wood of 
 as great a growth as in the beginning. Hereby ids 
 rnanifeftjthat the ruftical opinion of thole downifti 
 people of that countrey is utterly falle, who think 
 that the heat of thefe fires, and the a(hes 3 are the one- 
 ly caufe which maketh their cold countreys fruitful 
 whereas indeed it is the fak of thefe trees, herbs, and 
 roots being burnt which they have left behind them* 
 And therefore if my wits were able to fearch into all 
 the vermes and properties of fair, I would think to 
 do wonders thereby. For even the Alchymifts give a 
 blancher unto Venus with the fak of Tartar, or feme 
 other kind ot fait* And fait is a moft necdlary thing 
 for the Diers, for that Allom which is a lair, draws 
 unto it dr colours oi Brail!, and ot Gills, and of o* 
 ther matters, and fo makes both Cloth ; Silk,aad Lea- 
 ther to take their Die the better jin fomuch as the DU 
 ers when they would die a white doth into a red. are 
 fowdraes forced to dip it -fir ft in allom water # Yea s 
 
 F 2 and 
 
The lewel-Boufe of 
 
 and fome kinds o f fait do fo harden iron,and do give 
 fuch a temper to the edges of weapons, as that one 
 may cut Iron with them as il it were but a pcece of 
 wood. What fhauld I lay any more of this fait, for 
 it paifeth my reach to make any true delcription of 
 the excellent vertues thereof? Onely I will conclude 
 with this, that it it were poflible to keep the tame 
 from moifture, then divers fubje&s wherein it is in- 
 cluded would laft for ever, and fo the fait that is in 
 wood would defend the fame trom all putrifa&ion, 
 and if all humidity might be defended trom entring 
 into a piece of wood, there would never any worms 
 breed or engender in the fame : tor it is impoflible 
 that any putrifa&ion (hould begin, unlefs fome moi- 
 fture be firft kindled by way of putrifa&ion. Thus 
 much out of the firft treadle. 
 
 Now I will take out a few ot the moft principal 
 notes out ot his larg difeourfe upon the title of Marl, 
 and fo proceed trom thele French Theoricks to 
 fome Englifh pradiles, 
 
 r &pra&- Marl, faith Matter Barnard, is commonly a white 
 tf . can k wkich men dig out from under the ground,and 
 
 on Marl] f° r £ he moft part they are fore’e to make pits in fuch 
 fort as they do for wells before they can come at it 
 and where they find any ftore thereof, they lay the’ 
 fame upon their hungry and barren grounds, firft in 
 fmall heaps, and afterwards they dif per fe the fame 
 upon the whole fields as is accuftomed in the com* 
 mon manner ot dunging. And this Marl will keep 
 she ground whereon it is laid, fome io or 12 years 
 in heart, and in fome countreys for 30 years. And 
 iometimes the vein thereof begins at the very en- 
 trance of the pit,and fo runs down many yards deeps 
 and fomtime we are forced to dig eight or ten yards 
 “ before- 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 lo 6 
 
 before wee can come to the Veine thereof. 
 
 But one thing amongft the reft fecms moft ftrange 
 of all other ( which I have heard fome men main- 
 tain ) that it profits the ground very little the firft 
 year that it is laid abroad, and that by reafon of his 
 exceeding heat, whereby it burns up the feed that is 
 then lowm But this is eafily anfwered, for that in 
 the grounds bordering upon the woods of Arden, 
 which are very cold, they ufe lime in ltead of dung, 
 and thereby they make the earth moft fruitlull that 
 was barren before. Now if Lime ( which is nothing 
 elle butabaked or burnt ftone within thofe fiery 
 furnaces, and whole moifture is altogether exhaled, 
 fo as there remains therein nothing elfe but the ter- 
 reftrial parts repleniftaed with a fiery vertue) be 
 found lo rich a foil, I know not why the heat of Marl 
 may not much better be endured. But it is very re- 
 quifite to fpread the lame upon the earth befoie the 
 winter begin, to the end that the frofty weather may 
 the better diflblve the fame. 
 
 There is fome Marl that is as white as Lime, and co ^‘ u 7/ 0 
 other lome that is of a gray or ruflet colour, fome ©f M«l a 
 of it is black, and lome is yellow. Thecaufeof the 
 white Marl proceeds of his long decoction; that 
 which is black may have many caules, whereof the 
 principal is, that there is not any long time paft fince 
 the matter thereof began to congeal, and this Marl is 
 more eafie of lolution, » and peradventure lome pu- 
 trified wood, or lome minerals have turned the mat- 
 ter into a black colour. And as for the yellow Marl, 
 that colour may happen either of fome Iron mine, or 
 of lome mine of Lead,Silver,or Antimony; and thus 
 you lee the reafon of the diverfity of colours that 
 happen to MarL 
 
 P % Marl 
 
The Imel'Houfe o( 
 
 II© 
 
 That Mari is no other thing then a kind of clay ground, 
 nofh®r! anc ® therefore feeing clay is cold and dry, as is appea* 
 reth bp the Marcafites,and by wood that is both mo- 
 ralized and petrified in clay grounds^ it is manifeft 
 that Mari is alfo cold and dry, and therefore it is not 
 reheat thereof, which betters or amends banen 
 grounds. 
 
 The be- All Marl was earth before it became Marl, it is a 
 ginning kind of clay ground, and chalk it felf was Marl be- 
 wieh*the f° re lt became chalk. And that which is more, thkr 
 tjcanfma- which is yet chalk within the Matrix of the earth, 
 * n t£me ^ ar< ^ cn mt0 a white ftone.And la ft ofa]l 3 
 1 eFC0 * wherefoever there be any ftones that be lubjedt to 
 calcination, they were firft Marl before they were 
 ftones, for other wife by their calcination they could 
 not poffibly amend any barren ground?* 
 
 Mark to When Marl hath once begun to pafs his deco&- 
 hc diflbi- ion,it becommeth fo hard, that the rain dif- 
 
 frok?/ f°^ ve lt ^ oon as we wou ^ have i^but h remaineth 
 in fmal pieces upon the ground undiffolved,and here- 
 by it commeth to paffe , that it can impart none of 
 his ftrength unto the ground untill it be melted and 
 !iquifkd,and for that this cannot be iuddenly perfor- 
 med as in the firft year, therefore the irofts in forae 
 reasonable time after do caufe a diffoiucion thereof, 
 and then it helpeth toward the generation and germi- 
 nation of all feeds, that fhall be prefented unto it. Al- 
 io chalk and licne, after the f roils have taken them, 
 whereby they crumble into powder, do become^ood 
 Marl and ferve inftead thereof. 
 
 How Mad Although 1 would not have the generative venue 
 
 atm h u£ ed to his heat, yet my meaning Is not 
 c bS * thereby to rob Marl of his heat: but I labour ro con- 
 fute the fooliih opinon of choft, whi6h attribute the 
 
 whole 
 
jirt and Nature . 
 
 ill 
 
 whole venue therof to his heat, I fay the whole both 
 inward and outward. For it is well known that fait 
 is inwardly hot, and therefore it is accounted an 
 help to theafll^of generation , and alwayes inex- 
 tream cold weather , a man (hall find fait to be as 
 cold as water,or any fione. Whereupon we may ea- 
 fily gather that his heat could aft uite nothing, un- 
 fefTe it were fir ft flirted up by a counterheat wher* 
 in con fifteth the feminal aft^and therefore we muft 
 reifon more deeply, and looke to the effential caufe 
 that moves and works herein, and then we fhall find 
 out forne hidden matter that is not fubjeft: to every 
 mean conceit. 
 
 And this is a fift element f never known before to 
 the ancient Philolophersj which is a generative, wa 
 ter, clear, fubtile, mingled infeparably with other 
 waters, which water being alfo brought among 
 common waters, doth indurate and congeal it fdi 
 with fuch things as do happen to be mixed wish it. 
 And although the common Waters do mount aloft 
 again by the attraftion of the Su n y whether that the 
 fame be in Clouds, Exhalations, or vapours, yetne- 
 verthelefFethc fecond water, which I call a fife ele- 
 mentis alfo carried amid ft the others , and when 
 thofe common waters run downwards, ^teng the va 1- 
 kys, whether they be floods, rivers, or fprings, 1 l ay 
 that in what fore foever they deice* d , or in what 
 place foever they ftay, they do aiwaies frame feme 
 one thing or other.and moft commonly either great 
 ftotiesjrocks^and quarries of ftone, according e the 
 grofsnefs of the matter which is flayed with ir, and 
 carries the form of his mold wherein it refts, and this 
 being fo congealed , that common water is iome- 
 limes drunk up in the earth* and deicends lower, or 
 
 fife 
 
 a fifth - ' 
 
 Element* 
 and wha& 
 
 k is. 
 
— — . — — 
 
 112 The lewd Houfe of 
 
 elfe it is drawn upwards, and do-h vanifh away in va- 
 pours and clouds , leaving his companion behind, 
 which he is not a^le to carry any longer* And thus 
 isMarl ingendred,for before it wasMtfrl it was a cer- 
 tain earth, into which both thefe waters had entred, 
 and had repofed themlelves for a certain time : du- 
 ring which reft the generative vertue became con- 
 gealed, and the vaporative water paffed away, and 
 was drawn up from the other , and fo the earth 
 (wherein this congealed water did ftay) waxed hard, 
 and became white by the vertue thereof, being both 
 wrought up into one body, whereby it comes to pals 
 that when this marl jsjcattered abroad, upon the a- 
 rable ground, the feed which is fown thereon, doth 
 not take of the fubftance of this marl, to help bis ve- 
 getation, but doth rather glut it {elf with this gene- 
 rative, and congelative water, which I call the fifth 
 element, which generative water being once confir- 
 med by often lowing of the ground, the marl be- 
 commcth unprofitable, as a fign of fonae dccodion 
 finifhed, the like is to be thought of all other dung 
 and lime. 
 
 The life It is alfo to be noted, that the feed which is fown 
 
 of the ex- cannot make any attraction of this generative water, 
 
 1 wnerJ* l i the fame were not alfo moiftncd with the com- 
 mon water. And that when the ground is moiften- 
 ed either with the rain," or dew that falls, the com- 
 mon water that defcendech together with the gene- 
 rative ftaies the hafty congelation of the other, 
 whereby it comes to pafic,that corn and other feeds 
 do keep themfclves green untill their maturity, and 
 when they are ripe , and that their root ceafes to 
 drawer drink up any more thereof, the exhalative 
 water flieth away, and the generative remains, and as 
 
Art Wd Nature* 
 
 fi$ 
 
 thedeco&ion in plants begins to perfect it Id f,fo the 
 colour alio changes, as it comes to pafs alfo in ftones 
 and all kinds of mettal. So as this fifth elemental-* 
 though it be a watered mingled with other waters^ 
 yet it is the fame which doth uphold both ftraw and 
 Hay, and all kinds of Trees and plants^ yea/even men 
 and beafts likewife 5 and of this generative fubftance* 
 the very bones both of man ana bead are hardened 
 and framed in their kind. And even as we fee the pib- 
 ble or flint ft ones which are formed and engendred 
 of this congelative water, do endure the ftrength of 
 fire, and are not confirmed therewith, but rather vi- 
 trified | fo in like manner tilts fift and generative ele- 
 ment being within the Straw and Hay, cannot be wa- 
 fted away,forif thou doe ft burn them, or a,ny other 
 wood in the fire, all the common water thereof will 
 vanifli into fmoak^but this generative water, which 
 hath fuftained,nourifht and encreafed both the Sraw 
 and Hay, remains in their a (lies, and cannot be confir- 
 med, but turns it felf intoglafs, being liquified in 
 thole hot flaming furnaces, and the fune fo clear 
 and tranfpa rent, as the generative water it felf was 
 before this congelation. But there is nothing that 
 more refifh fire then the bones of divers beafts, as I 
 have often proved when I have burned the bones of 
 iheeps feet, and fo of egs-fhels, which is a manifeft 
 argument, that they have drawn more abundantly 
 to them fe Ives of this generative water then any o- 
 ther parts. And there is no doubt but there is great 
 ftore therof in the apple of the eye,which being con- 
 tinually moiftened and accompanied with the other 
 exhalative water is kept from being hardned into the 
 na ture of a (tone* Neither is there any kind of ftone 
 which in his principal form is not clear and white, 
 
 q_ and 
 
The Icwcl-Houfe of 
 
 in 
 
 and thole which are cloudy are fo by accident, for 
 that in theit compofition there hapned lotne emh 
 or (and to be congealed or hardned with their firft 
 matter .Neverthelefs there is no ftone fo dark,& ob- 
 fcure, which by force of fire doth not become tran- 
 fparent at thelaft, becaufe that principal element 
 whereof I have fpoken fo much, makes all things elfe 
 become tranfparent and fixed, as it is it felf ia his firft 
 being. This I have written the rather to encourage 
 thee to leek out marl within thy own inheritance,to 
 inrich thy barren grounds, that they may yeeld their 
 fruit abundantly in their fealons. And info doing 
 thou lhalt Ihew thy felf a good Hus bandman , and, 
 become a pattern to all thy llothiull neighbours, 
 whereby they lhall be forced to imitate thy good 
 example. 
 
 HewMatl Now concerning the finding out of this Marl, I 
 think that thofe which firft hapned upon it, did not 
 
 out, obtain this skil by any true theorical imagination, 
 but that by raeer chance they did find the lame 
 without any feeking,as peradventure by the digging 
 of lome ditch or other trench about their ground, 
 and being forced to throw up that which they had 
 digged upon the banks of their arable fields adjoyn- 
 ing,and finding fuch corn as happened to be fown up- 
 on thefe banks to be more Irelh and rank than in any 
 other part of the field befides, they prolecuted this 
 good hap of theirs further the next year, and fo di 1 
 fpread the fame over the whole field, and fo by long 
 experience, and in the end they found the fame much 
 more profitable t^en any other dung. Some others 
 peradventure might happen on the fame in feeking 
 for fprings, in like manner. Yet it is always to be no- 
 ted, that this Majl mu ft firft bcdiflolved throughout 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 *21 
 
 the ground before the feed can make any attra&ion 
 thereof unto it lelf, even as fkfh cannot purchafea 
 defenfative againft putrifa&ion by fait, until the fait 
 be melted and made liquid. 
 
 But for the more eafie finding out of this Marl, I #0* 
 think it neceflary that every man fhould have a long Shfo? 
 Auger or Piercer, with feveral large bitts which he Wary 
 may put on and take off at his pleafure,and with thefe 
 he may featch at what depth he will in divers places 
 of his land, alwayes marking what feveral veins of 
 earth he finds in the bit of the Augur, and of every 
 feveral earth which he draws up, he may make fame 
 trial upon the ground, unlefs he can be allured by the 
 whitenels and hardnes thereof, that he hath hit upon 
 the right Marl, for then he needeth not to proceed to 
 any further tryal. 
 
 And having once found the vein, he may lay it o- 
 pen in fuch fort as may be moft convenient for the e* 
 vacuating thereof. Now if there happen to be any 
 quarry of foft ftone between him and the Marl, he 
 muftfirfi make his entrance through the ftone with 
 a piercing worm, and then having made way, he may 
 feek further with his forefaid Augur. 
 
 Marl for the moft part is white, yet in divers parts 
 of France there is both gray, black, and yellow, and a 3 
 
 therefore we muft not wholly reft upon the colours 
 thereof j for thefe other colours may become white 
 by a longer deco&ion. And as there is a white Marl, 
 fo likewife there is a white clay, which I think will A white 
 ferve inftead of Marie, efpecially that fulling earth 
 wherewith the Fullers ule to fcour out oyle out of era 
 their cloathes. Xh« 
 
 It is an erroneous opinion to thinke that Marie Mari i* 
 may be dilcerncd by the feeling of the hand, as fome j 
 
 Q % dowse. j 
 
Hg The level- Htufe of 
 
 doe hold, and that it is to bee knowne from other 
 moulds by the fattinefs or vifcoulnefs therof, which 
 is falie, for if it were fatty, it would beimpoffible 
 either for rain or froft to diffolve the fame ; for all 
 oyly things do re fi ft and Arrive againft waterjyea we 
 fee apparently , that both clay and marl do help to 
 fcour out all greafie and oyly fpots , as Fullers can 
 well teftifiej and if marl were of an oyly nature , it 
 would confume in the fire, but if we make any proof 
 thereof, we fhal find the lame moft violently to refill 
 the fixe.. 
 
 And in the latter end of this Philofophical abftra&,. 
 Mafter Bernard concludes thus, that marl isa natural 
 and yet a divine Ibyl , being an enemy to all weeds 
 that fpringup of themfelves, and gives a generative 
 vertue to all feeds that are fown upon the ground by 
 the labour of manrand here ends Matter Bernard. 
 
 A man would think that fo learned a Theorick as 
 this, in a matter fo general, and necefiary for the 
 land of England, fo plaufible to worldly wits, and fet 
 down in fo plain and familiar terms, could never have 
 been extant fo many years together , with fo Jittlc 
 fruit and profit unto all our lean and barren grounds,, 
 as (for ought that 1 can fee or hearj it hath been hi- 
 therto, and fo is like to continue, unlelfe dome ftudi- 
 ous (choller, or other, will ftep for<h, and take ©ur 
 idle Farmers by the land, and either lead them over 
 fhooes into one of Matter Bernards muck-heaps, or 
 elfe by violence thruft them into one of his Marl' 
 pits. For what eafier courfe can be dire&ed by the 
 pen of any Writer,then is here delivered for the fin- 
 ding out of Marl l or what cheaper tools could the 
 wit of man devife, then an hand, and a piercing Au- 
 gur to fearch into the bowels of the eaith for all her 
 
 " parrow* 
 
Art and Nature. J- 
 
 marrow and fatnefle ? Do we think that Nature is 
 bound to caft up the treafures of her full gorge a- 
 mongft us, who will not vouchfafe one pipe of To- 
 baccouponher ? E§odiuntur opes, faith Ovid, unto 
 all flothfull Husbandmen, and therefore feeing we 
 may have fuch wealth tor the digging , let us not 
 Ipare the fhoveland mattock, till we have found out *® 
 
 fome Marl-pits in our own demefnes* For the veins Mari°aU< 
 of Marl arc more in number,much longer and broa- * h * «f« 
 der, and deeper than we think for , and though we s *’ eI ® ofa ' 
 find them not in one place, yet we fhall happily find 
 them in another. It is a fmall adventure to hazard a 
 {hilling to gain a pound : it is no Ioffe to fit poor 
 men on work, ( which otherwUe in confcience,we 
 being able and they being honeft, we are bound to 
 relieve) though they gain us nothing, our great pof- 
 fibilitymay eafily countervail their final! charge. 
 
 Regard not the colours of the mould, you fee that ColsM 0 <; 
 
 Mailer Bernard, he telleth you of a white, of a gray, 
 
 of a black s and a yellow Marl. And why may there 
 
 hot alio be foroe other colours of Marl in our 
 
 Countrey which Mailer Bernard never knew ? It 
 
 is a fmall matter to try the feverall natures of all 
 
 the veins which you find in digging , you may 
 
 prove of every kind a little, in civers places the 
 
 firft year , and fo proceed to greater tryall the 
 
 eext year, as your good fucccfle fhall encourage 
 
 you. 
 
 And though you find but fmall amendment in Ifie 
 the firft proof, yet pra&ile again, for it maybe 
 you laid either too little, or too much thereof upon 
 the ground ; for too little of thebeft Marl can do 
 but little good, and too much thereof hath been al- Marf 2 
 scady found to be very hurtfull to she Corn* And 
 " <Qj. therefore. 
 
Thi Imel-Houft *f 
 
 II 8 
 
 therefore untill you have attained unto the very 
 prick of proportion , learn firft all the experience 
 which you can draw from other men,and then prove 
 what further perfe&ion you can adde thereto your 
 Seafonto fdf. Examine the feafons of the year, in which it is 
 abroad, bell to lay abroad every kind of foyl,for if the fame 
 be of a hard and binding nature, then Mafter Bernard 
 tells you, that it mu ft be laid in the beginning of 
 Winter, that firft the f rolls may make the fame to 
 moulder into fmall pieces, and fo to become apt for 
 Solution , and then the rain which commonly doth 
 fall more abundantly in the Winter then in theSum- 
 mer time, may perfectly diflolve the fame. If it a* 
 gree not with one fort of foil , peradventure it will 
 re- agree with another. It may ferve an arable ground, 
 derail and not a failure ground ; or a fenny , and not an 
 fnfcve- Nearby, or a clay ground, and not a fandy ground; 
 xii forts Peradventure it may prove good for one kind of 
 of grain, grain, and not for another* And therefore you mud 
 ftanceT."' never reft till yoaHh ave made a full tryal of all the 
 inward veins eft the earth, in all the feafons of the 
 year, in all the degrees of proportion, in all kinds of 
 grain, upon all forts of ground, with all fuch like 
 neceffary circumftances, and fo in the end you fhall 
 find out thofe differences, and make fuch obfcrvati- 
 ons to your felf,as the fluggifh and idle loyterers of 
 our time (though they have the fame matter to work 
 upon' fhall never be able to reach unto or imitate. 
 
 Fullers The Fullers earth which Matter Bernard here 
 earth, mentions in his title of Marl , and commends to the 
 fame end, I have not known at any time prailifed in 
 England for the bettering of any ground, but by all 
 presumption the fame muft of neceffity be very 
 rich, becaufe it is full of that vegetative lalt,lo high- 
 ly 
 
Art and Nature. 1 1§ 
 
 ly commended by this French Author, which ap- 
 pears in thofe fcouring effe&s, for the which it is di- 
 vers ways had in ufe amongft us , and if the fame be 
 to be had in any plentifull manner, I could with that 
 lome exa& proof were made thereof, according to 
 the former circumftances. And here I cannot omit 
 the careful! induft ry of that ingenious, though un- 
 learned old man. Who having long fince cut off 
 that unprofitable exchange of our Englifh filver, 
 with thofe French and leaden trifles : hath alfo gi- 
 ven himfelf to divers other profitable and ingenious 
 pra&ifes, among the which he hath allured me of 
 this one to be moft true, that even the very clay Clay to- 
 which he digged up in Saint Georges fields, being 
 laid upon his pafture grounds which he there holds Mar *' 
 by Leafe, did exceedingly inrich the fame, inf omu ch 
 as he did never regard to feck after any other foyl. 
 
 And this hath alfo fome credit withMafter Bernard, 
 who affirms that all Marie is a kind of clay ground, 
 and it (hould feem to differ onely in digefiion from 
 Marl. And in another place he lets down his opini- 
 on of a white clay, which he found as he travelled 
 in France toward Poi&crs, and Towers, that he held 
 the fame tb be equivalent to Marl itfelf. And it 
 fhould feem by all reafon, that the like order is to 
 be ufed therein in bellowing it upon the ground, as 
 is before expreffed in Marl. 
 
 I may not here omit to commend the foyl of the The foil 
 ffreets, or refidence and grounds of all Channels 
 Ponds, Pools, Rivers, and Ditches, and of all other the S- 
 pansand bottomes whatfoever, where anv floreof <fenceof 
 waters do repofe themfelves , but efpecially where f/nqSf 
 any abundance of rain water hath a long time ietled, : ' 
 
 for that the eongelatiye parts of thefe waters, be rail 
 
 of 
 
120 
 
 The level- Meiefetf 
 
 Moorifl? 
 
 earrh» 
 
 Bang of 
 tofts. 
 
 Muck- 
 tops how 
 so be 
 made* 
 
 of the vegetative fait of nature, as Mr. Barnard no- 
 teth, who is verily perfwaded that there is no other 
 realon to be given of that hearty fruitlulnefs which 
 the fallow grounds do gather again in time,but one- 
 ly the generative part of rain water, which doth fall 
 upon them f® often, whileft they remain unfewen 
 with grain: for to imagine that the earth by quietnefs 
 or reft alone fhould become faq again without the 
 xnxaiflringof any other nourifhment or food unto it, 
 were as much againft all fenfe and reafon,as to think 
 that a languifhing patient fhould in time recover his 
 former ftrength by keeping of his bed onely, without 
 taking of any cordial or reftorative broths for his 
 comfort. Wherefore feeing there be fo many pans 
 and receptacles for waters in every fhire,in one place 
 or other, and feeing nature alone minifters matter e- 
 nough for us to work on, but wants hands onely to 
 bring things together, let us feek to help nature a lit- 
 tle with our hands,and fhe will return our labour a- 
 gain with an exceflxve ufury into our bofomes. 
 
 There is alio a kindof moorifh earth, which being 
 laid after ao or 30 loads upon an acre, will amend, 
 and better your pafture grounds a long time after. 
 
 I will pafs by all the trivial ufes of Cow dung, 
 Horfe-dung , folding of fheep. Hogs dung, Pigeons 
 dung,and fuch like, for that they are already known, 
 and common in this land- with every Counr rey Core- 
 dm x yet I think it not aroifs to let down fomenecef- 
 fary obfervations its them, fuch as I have partly 
 drawn fromconceipted wits, and partly have imagi- 
 ned my felt by the contemplation of natures works. 
 And therefore here I can by no means allow of the 
 ordinary manner, in laying abroad our great muck- 
 heaps, wherein Mr. Barnard tells us, that the winter 
 
Artmd Nature. f 2 3 
 
 rain which falleth upon them, carries with it alfo a 
 great part of theirftrengch, fo as the upper part be** 
 conies very lean, and hungry, and is fcarcely worth 
 the carriage, and fpreading abroad. But I know that 
 the Farmers of our land will anfwer me in this 
 point, that it is too coftly to build barns 5 or other co- 
 verts for dung- hils, but my meaning is not to per- A come 
 fwade them thereto (although perad venture if we . 
 did ered a few ftreight trees,or firpoles, and make heap. * 
 a loofe thatched, or boarded cap to cover it, which 
 might flip up and down at what heigth we thought 
 good,as they ufe in the low Countries to make their 
 barns (a pattern whereof Bands tobefeen near unto 
 S.Albqn^s, not far from Parkmill, in the back fide 
 of one of my tennants houfes there) that fo the good- 
 nefleof the foil would in a few years countervail 
 the charge of our building * but rather that they 
 would place the muck-heaps upon the foot of fome 
 hill (making a little fquare receptacle of brick in the a tzeef 
 bottom thereof) whereby ail fuph ft rength, and fub« tacic off 
 ftance of the dung, as all the- f^gwers of rain that fall, bricky 
 (hall carry with them, might with a free dif cent be 
 conveyed into this pit or ceftern, fo as the fame in 
 convenient leifure might alfo with fcoops,and other 
 fhovels be continually turned upon the muck heaps 
 from time to time as it fell, whereby thegreateft 
 part of the vegetative fait, which now is loft in every 
 Farmers yard or backfide , might be preferved for 
 the better manuring of the ground. 
 
 Some be alfo of opinion that it helpeth much to 
 the bettering of our dung, if al the brine & powdred 
 beef broth which is commonly thrown away, were 
 powred upon the muck heaps, thereby to multiply 
 their fait. And Malter Barnabe Googe will have all 
 
 R the 
 
12 2 The lewel’Houfe of 
 
 the fuels of his landery conveyed thereon, and the 
 muckbeaps to be covered with boughs, to the end 
 that the Sunne may not draw away any part of the 
 flrength thereof, And becaufe we are now entred in- 
 Howto to the mod principal, and general pradhfe of this 
 fpeedilyf land- whereby the greateft part both of our pafture, 
 and arable grounds are ufually bettered; it fhal not 
 be amiffe to fet down feme new , though a very ea- 
 fie courle, how we may the fooner bring our dung 
 to pmrifadtion,and fc thereby not onely obtain fuch 
 rank pafture as now vve have, by reafon of the fame 
 foil, but alio that we may purchafe a much fweeter 
 graffej or feeding for our cattel, then hitherto we 
 have had, for that (as I conceive)is the fpccial fault 
 To have oi the fir ft crop which r)ur ground bangs forth after 
 at their ft" lt iS ncw ty dunged. And this common errour of ours 
 years dun=> (if I be not deceived)is eafily helped, and that onely 
 ^ by making firft a lay of dung of a foot in thicknefle, 
 and then a lay of earth upon the fame, and then ano- 
 ther lay of dung upon that earth, and fe proceeding 
 in the manner of Stratum fuper ttratum , till your 
 muck heap be as large and high as you would have 
 it. 
 
 But this pra&ile would alwayes be performed, 
 either upon the ground which we mean to enrich, 
 or very near unto it , leaft that which we get in the 
 a rich E 0 ^ nt fbc °f the grafte, we do happily lofe in the 
 mold for charge of our labour, and carriage. And here it fhal 
 Gardens not fe altogether unprofitable, to let all thole Gcn- 
 £teds. r *" t J emen an ^ Farmers, who are defirousof feme fpe- 
 cial good mold, for feme fmall purpofes, to under- 
 ftand chat after they have disburdened the ground, 
 of this great muck heap of theirs, that if they will 
 yet dig a foot and a half or two foot under the fame* 
 
 that 
 
Art &nd Nature. 
 
 123 
 
 that by this means they fhall obtain a mo ft fat and 
 rich earth, and very apt for divers plants, as alfo our 
 ordinary Gardeners can fufficiendy witnefle. 
 
 Thus much of the foil or dung it felf,being dif- 
 perfed in his grofTe body* Now a word or two of 
 thofe conceited pradtifes, which I promifed before. 
 I have heard fame ftudient pra&ifers very confi Jent- 
 ly affirm, that if you fteep your corn in water, the 
 Ipaceof certain hours ( but I could never yet find 
 them all agree in one time : for lome limit ia hours, 
 feme 18 ,and forne 3 6 hours, you may prove them all 
 and keep the beft ) in water wherein good ftore of 
 Cow dung huh lain in imbibition for certain days, 
 (which times you mull alfb fearch, if you mean to 
 be an exa< 5 t mafterj every day ftiring the fame once, 
 or twice together before you lay in your corn, and 
 after this preparation you fow the fame ( though in 
 barren grounds) that fo you (hall purcfaafe a moft 
 rich and plentiful crop with an eafie charge. But this 
 kind of pradtife l have heard both maintained and 
 impugned as wel by reafon as by experience, and that 
 by men of good judgement on both fides, although 
 if I would fet down mine own experience herein, I 
 tnuft needs confefs I coul^iiever yet attain to any 
 truth in this fecret, or to make any apparent differ* 
 ence between the corn that was Husbanded in this 
 manner, and that which grew of it (elf without any 
 fuch helpjyet wil I not(for the credit of the Repor- 
 ters]) altogether dif credit the inventicn,for that per- 
 ad^encure I might fail in the natut e of the grain, or in 
 the time of imbibition. And as it fhould feem,great 
 ftore of thofe ufual receipts, which are common in 
 our ordinary Books of fecrets, is drawn from this 
 ground, whereby they labour to alter and change the 
 
 R 2 imells 
 
 Of fleep^ 
 ing corn 
 in dung 
 water* 
 
124 
 
 The Ievpel-Houfc of 
 
 fmeIs,tafts,colours, and vertucs of many fruits, and 
 plantSjOnely by fleeping the feeds in fuch aronaatical 
 waters,as they themfelves appropriate for fuch ufes 
 as they intend them, and therefore they tell us, that 
 fteeping of feeds in the infufion of wormwood, cen- 
 tuary, coloquintida, and fuch like, will defend them 
 from worm- eating, which for the prefent time I do 
 eafily beleeve, but how then comes it topafsthat 
 thefe feeds bring not forth alfo bitter fruit, accord- 
 ing to their infufion? and yet it is generally thought, 
 that the dove gilliflower got his firft lent from the 
 C!ove,which was conveyed into his flip ; but this I 
 hold for an erroneous opinion, and to be as falfeas 
 old,for neither is there any philofophical and infepa- 
 rable combining of their two natures, performed in 
 this grofs pradife 5 neither can fo fmall a fubftance, 
 being neither truly prepared? nor exalted before 3 ex- 
 ted it felf fo infinitely from one flip to another,as we 
 fee daily perform’d in that f weet St beautiful flower. 
 
 I have here yet one experience more to fer down 
 in this kind., which ( becaufe it was the pra&ife of a 
 Ipiritual Lord, that died of late, and fel out very hap- 
 pily, as I have been credibly informed by one of his 
 efpecial Officers, who with divers others was an cy- 
 witnefs of the fameiatthough it vary not much from 
 the former courfe, I will publish the fame unto 41 
 pofterity^ under fuch credit as I my felf did firft re- 
 ceive it. And therefore, whereas before you Seeped 
 your corn in the water, which had fucked out the 
 ftrength or fait of the dung, you rauft now mingle 
 your dung, your water, and your corn together in 
 a great vefiel of wood, and you muft ftir the fame 
 well with an apt ftaffe for the purpofe, one whole 
 hour at the leaft t This work you may begin in tns 
 
Art and Nature. 1^5 
 
 afternoon, and toward evening you muft recontinue 
 your firft agitation for one half hour, or morej then 
 let thefe fubftances repofe themlelves all the night 
 following, and in the morning, or lometime the next 
 day, you mull fuffer the water to pafs away by 
 feme tampion, according to the manner of the falt- 
 peter men, and when the liquor is fuffrciently drein* 
 ed, then mingle the corn and dung throughly well 
 together, and after fow the dung and corn fo mixed 
 in a barren and hungry mould, and you (hall have as 
 rich a crop,a$ if the ground it lelf had been dunged 
 before* This experience was made in an heartlefs 
 peece of ground, which lacked alfo one tilth, and 
 which no man durft adventure to fow with any 
 grain, and yet my Lord Bifhop did by this means 
 attain to a moft plentiful! iyheat harveft. 
 
 Now let us proceed to th.e fweeteft, cheapeft 3 and o a prae. 
 moftPhilofophical Marl of abother, even that which ^ n ^ r . 
 both Valerius and matter Bemartfhave fo clof^iy, 
 andtheorically handled, as thatf notwithstanding the 
 one tells us of the exceeding fertility that is found 
 in fait waters, by that infinite generation* and multi- 
 plication of fifties, yea, of Venus her felf, that Fri- 
 in the procreation of children) and the 
 other of thofe pleafant grapes, growing in the fak 
 Marifhes of Xantoign) yet neither of them have left 
 us any allured means, how wee may purchafe any 
 ftore of this fait, whereby we may make.any great 
 ule thereof. So as notwithftanding we are now 
 brought to the river s of life, and to that goodly tree 
 fo laden with golden apples, yet here we are left with 
 Tantalus to ftarve and perifti for want of food. Yea 
 M.Bernard himlelf, after that he had fo fweetly fes« 
 foned our ears with his brackifh Pfaiiolophy^yet m 
 
 R 3 - om. 
 
12 6 Tbi Lmel-Hottfe of 
 
 one place ( as if he had repented himfeli of his too 
 much forwardnefs in thefe his lecrtt difcoveries, 
 nay 5 as if he had the greateft fecret of nature m hand ) 
 he tells us in plait? terms, that it is not the common 
 ialtjbut the vegetative fait which he fo commends. 
 Nay, that which is more, in the examination of the 
 judges cenfure, upon the grounds of condemned 
 perfons, wherein they would have their lands to be 
 lowed with fait, in token of a perpetual barrennefs, 
 he fakers and flaggers, and can find no reafon to 
 maintain their judgements,unlefs it were,as he faith, 
 in refped of the nature of feme countreys, where 
 fait was enemy to all feeds. Why how now Mr. Bar- 
 nard ? Is it poflible 3 that you who could find out the 
 means how to furnifh us in all places, with new 
 fprings of 1 weet and delicate waters, where there was 
 never any before, that could firft find a fi ft element, 
 which nature had hitherto locked up in her own cof- 
 fers, which could teach us the realon of all petrif y- 
 ing, vitrifying 5 and metalizing of earthly bodies,yea, 
 who could fo learnedly fet down the generative rea- 
 lon of all vegetables, fhould now be ignorant how to 
 reconcile earth and fait together, or how to turn a 
 common lalt into a vegetative fait ? Yet Valerius 
 deals more plainly with us ( according to that light 
 which fe had received ) faying, that if too much or 
 too little do in any one thing make an apparent diffe- 
 rence in the effe&s,theHXurely of all others the lame 
 is molt elpmally to be feen in fait; and fo he would 
 have the curled effe&s of that lentence, to proceed 
 from the exccffive proportion and quantity of fait 
 that is bellowed upon the malefactors grounds. But 
 luppofe that Valerius hath not onely aimed fair like 
 a Gemleman,but alfo hit the mark like a good arch- 
 er 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 **T 
 
 er in this , where is now this vegetative fait be- 
 come , which Matter Bernard fo highly extols, or 
 how (ball we obtain any {lore thereof for the in- 
 rich ing of fo many acres of barren ground, as this 
 Realm of England doth prefent unto us ? Me thinks 
 I am now in the midft of a flop gajliard, and were it 
 not that I fhould here offend fo great a concourfe of 
 people, as I have now gathered together in my own 
 conceit, I could find in, my heart to command the 
 Violands to ceafe y and fo to break off in the midft 
 of a rough Cinquepafs. Nevertheleffe craving par- 
 don of all the ancient Philofophers herein, but efpe- 
 cially ofM, Bernard vwho if he had been difpofed 
 could have eafed me of this labour, and performed 
 it much better Jl will onely requeft with 
 mthi Graigrumfacrata revolver* jura, and fo beftow 
 anew task upon nature, who will be ready to yeeld 
 us great ftore of the richeft Marl-pi?s,and in fuch as 
 have not hitherto been difcovered, but onely inPhi- 
 lofophical terms to any nation*or country whatsoe- 
 ver: hoping thereby, that as the fecret which I have 
 now in hand, and feemeth almoft incredible before 
 it be difclofed, ffiall procure feme further credit 
 and belief, unto the reft of my inventions, whereof 
 I have already given a tafte, by a publick imprefft- 
 on,and yet referve fome few till I find a better opi- 
 nion conceived of Englifh Artifts* 
 
 No w then let us firft examine, what efifrntial dif- 
 ference we can find in thofe four elements, whereof 
 all the infenour bodies go ednfift ? or whether they 
 may be all reduced to one, notwithftanding the ma. 
 nifeft oppofition that feems to be in their contrary 
 qualities ? And for my part I muft here acknow- 
 ledge that the i?eft natural Philolophy that ever I 
 
 could 
 
12 8 The lewel-Houfe of 
 
 could learn in this p®int, Was neither out of Arifto- 
 ties Phyficks,nor Velcuries natural Phylofophy,nor 
 Garfceus meteors, nor out of any of the old Philo* 
 fophical Fathers, that writfo many hundred years 
 paft; but that little which I have, I gathered it on the 
 back- fide of Moor fields, where by undoubted argu- 
 ments, I did hear it maintained , that all thofe ele- 
 ments,do onely differ in attenuation, and condenfa- 
 tion fo as earth being artepuated, becomes water; 
 and water condenfate becomes earth; water attenua- 
 ted becomes ayr, and ayr condenfate becomes wa- 
 ter; and fo hkewife ayre attenuated becomes 
 fire, and fire condenfate becomes ayre, and thus 
 all of them fpripg from one root , which being ad- 
 mitted^ a maniteft proof that there is a great and 
 near affinity between the land, and the fea, wherein 
 we fhall find fait water enough for our purpofe. 
 And yet further we fee that of the earth and water 
 together are made one globe, fo as a fmall matter 
 will make them friends being fo nearly united toge- 
 ther. And now I may fay that I am entred into a 
 whole fea of matter, from whence I itiuft fetch the 
 g reate ft ftore of my vegetative falt,and if this ftore- 
 houfe fail me,I know not whither to repair for fuch 
 plenty of fait, as I mull be forced to ufe in this adi- 
 on. And becaufe you fhal underftand that I am now 
 in a right eourfe, let us confider of a few experien- 
 ces already performed in thelikekind; which be- 
 caufe at the firft they were found out by sneer 
 chance, and not by judgement, the Authors of them 
 could as yet never extend them to any general , or 
 publick ufe : but have hitherto walked continually 
 like petite Conftables within their own precinds. 
 Amongft the which , the firft pradifethat ever I 
 
 heard 
 
Art and Nature. 12$ 
 
 heard of , was of a filly fwain who paffing over an 
 arm of the fea with his feed corn in a fack, by mif- 
 chance at his landing fell into the water , and fo his 
 corn being left there till the next low watet,became 
 fomwhat brackifh,yet fuch was the neceflity of the 
 man, as that he ( notwithftanding he was out ©f all 
 hope to have any good fuceeffe thereby, yet not be- 
 ing able to buy any other)beftowed the fame wheat 
 upon his plowed grounds, by the advife of a gentle- 
 man of a good worfhip from whence I received the 
 report thereof , and in fine when the harveft time 
 came abou', he reaped a crop of goodly wheat, fuch 
 as in that year not any of his neighbours had the like, 
 and yet notwithftanding(for ought that ever I could 
 yet learn ) neither he nor any other of his Country- 
 men would ever adventure to make any further ufe 
 thereof 3 belike being perfwaded, unlefs that the com 
 by chance fell into the fea it would never f ru&ifie* 
 
 What fhould I fpeak here of him , that of his own 
 mother wit fowed a bufhel of fait long fince upon 
 a fmsll patch of barren ground at Clapham which SaIc fow: 
 to this day remains more f refh and green, and full of ed ac 
 fwarth then all the reft of the field about it?But this Clapham; 
 man had fame more reafon then the other , not to 
 profecute fo chargeable a pra&ife any further , for 
 that he knew well that one bufhell of faltnvould 
 countervail two loads of the beft dung there, whereas , 
 the former pra^icer , might have had fea water at 
 will for the fetching. 
 
 I might here adde the dayly, and ufual pra&ife in Brack]fK 
 the Weft parts of this land, where the people to their fands* , 
 great charge in carriage,do convey the fakifh lands, 
 
 . unto their barren grounds, whereof fome of them 
 do lie five miles diftant from the Sea. And yet 
 
 S they 
 
1 3 o The level- Houfe of 
 
 they find the fame exceeding profitablt , for that 
 their inheritance is thereby inriched for many years 
 together, and who feeth not that the whole ftrength 
 and vertue thereof confi fts in the faltneffe,for other- 
 wife we might happily find iomc other forts of fand 
 that would alfo fee equivolent unto this. But to fet 
 down one experience that may ferve for a thonfand 
 becaufe it confi fts of nothing elfe but fait. So that 
 here is no partnerfhip at al!,no ace of hearts nor five 
 fingers to be fufpedted. 
 
 Before you fow your ground, do but onely mingle 
 twobufhelsof bay fait 3 amongft twobufhelsof 
 winter giain 3 snd fo difperfe them together upon the 
 ground, and you fhall find a good inmate of corn, 
 and the land it felf much bettered 3 and cleared of 
 weeds 3 as I have been very credibly informed. But of 
 br'n^of ot hers I wonder moft of all at the ordinary ex- 
 sheTfak* perience which hath fo longtime in the view of ma- 
 pksi ny per fom } been yearly pndlifed in the fields, near 
 adjoyning to the fait pits of Nantwich 3 where upon 
 the fall of any great ftore of land waters into their 
 pits 3 being forced to empty 3 and draw out al the f refh 
 water which alwaies ftenes upon the brine,and to be- 
 ftow the fame in fuch places as areneereft, and 
 therewith alfo emptying fome of the brine with the 
 frefh water, they find in time this earth fo ftrongly 
 feafbned with thefe brackifh waters, that no foil or 
 dung is comparable unto it, for the raanurance of 
 their ground. And is it poflible, that fo many fharp, 
 and choice wits, fhould till this day negledl fo rare, 
 fo rich, yea fo ineftimable a trial as this 3 and not one 
 amongft a thoufand that hath ridden from thence to 
 Weftchefter> fhould have been able to have carried 
 the fecret lo far,but mu ft fo carelefly,drop the fame 
 by tbp way* ^ • But 
 
Art and Nature . I j j 
 
 But to come yet nearer to our purpole,what fhall Erich 
 we fay 3 or think of the furrounded level at Erith Z I brcachcs * 
 dare not report that exceeding fertility which 1 have 
 heard commended in thofe two breaches , even by 
 the feveral Farmers thereof: and though we may in 
 fome meafure excufe our grofie capacities, for not 
 applying thofe vifible efft&s of the brackifh waters 
 which had many years together repofed thetnfelves 
 in the greater breach, becaufe the fame was but late- 
 ly ioned,yet what fhall we fay for the leffer breach, 
 which hath been won fo long fincepWas it not fuffi- 
 cient,to have buried fo many thoufands of our Eng- 
 lifh pound' 5 in thofe Dutch & drunken devifes about 
 the gaining of the ground ( in the time and charge 
 whereof fome Englifh wits that 1 could name, did 
 offer to make a great and gainlull accUrtation, and 
 yet coul d not be heard, but that whereat nature her 
 felf prefented in thofe breaches, a full recovery of 
 thofe expences to fuch as are ftudious, that yet we 
 fhould remain as blind as beetles , not once exami- 
 ning, from whence this abundant f ruitf plnefs fhould 
 fpring,or growpNovv 1 find that laying of the Philo- 
 fopher 3 as concerning nature, to be moft true : that 
 fhe does offer and difcover her fell in the moft p!ain s 
 andufual a&ions, wherein we do daylybufieour 
 felves,md yet fcarcely any man doth apprehend her. 
 
 The ftlly country wench churns cream into butter 
 with a Ample ftaffand is a plain veffel,enely by flir- 
 ting up the inward fire of nature in his own center, 
 whereby it makes a true and Philofop hical divifion 
 of parts,yetwftois the wiier for it. 
 
 Bur to return to our fait again, and to give fome 
 colour to this weak contemplation of ours, perad- 
 venture fome menfand thofe alio not of the meaneft 
 
 S i conceit ) 
 
1 3 2 
 
 The Iewel-Houfe of 
 
 conceit) who having a continual eye upon the fait 
 marifhes, where every acre of ground is io little 
 worth,do therfore utterly condemn the ufe of brac- 
 kifh waters, as the waftfull deftroyers of all genera- 
 tive vertue. Indeed I know, and have found it mo ft 
 true in mine own experience, that if any vegetable 
 whatsoever, have by mifhap taken any fait water, 
 4hat the fame is moft unapt to be ftirred up to any 
 true or kindly workmanfhip, but the reafon hereof 
 I rnuft conceal for a time, it fhall now fuffice to an- 
 fwer that other obje&ion, which feems like a force- 
 ab ? e Ham • to beat down all the foundation and burl- 
 ding which we have hitherto made. But this I may 
 fufficiently nefel by that Nimium of Valerius y which 
 is daily to be feen in thofe maiifhes, and makes the 
 grals thereof even brackifh to all the cartel that feed 
 thereon, although in the manifeflation, and whole 
 difeovery of the fecret whichlhave in hand 5 the fame 
 is clfewhdre more fully and plentifully anfwered. 
 
 What is then remaining, feeing that the fait ofCiap- 
 hamjthofeWefternfandSjthat brine of the Chefhire 
 fait pits-, therefidence of thofe bra dh Pa waters at 
 Erich, do offer fo lively demonftration unto us of 
 the undoubted fertility, which is ready to overflow 
 our bank?, if we will but onely give paffage unto it: 
 but that we do now and then fuffer a voluntary inun- 
 dation and deluge, by thofe brackifh waters of the 
 iea 3 upon fome parcel of land that is adjacent there- 
 unto ? which after they have fufficiently repofed 
 themfelves thereon, we may by convenient fluces 
 return the fame again, and io leave the earth to her 
 own workmanfhip, who by her inward heat and 
 tranf muting nature will in fome ieafonable time, 
 by way of putrifa&ion, convert that which was 
 
 before 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 before a common laic, into a vegetative falr,lo as al- 
 though we had juft caule before to fear the ex- 
 tream drying or burning nature of fait, yet now. 
 When the fame is made familiar, and as it were of 
 one nature with the eanh 5 it becomes a mo ft enrich- 
 ing fubftance. But left ( whileft I go about to bene- 
 fit the poor and honeft Farmers of the landj I hap- 
 pen by thelenew deviles to hyrt and hinder them,a- 
 gainft my will and honeft purpple 5 I would wifh 
 them firft to confider advifedly of the whole dif- 
 courle, and to read it over agait) and again* before 
 they put the fame in pradife, left peradventure they 
 take a fword by the point, and fo purr themfehes by 
 that weapon which was given them to defend their 
 perfons. And let this be a general caveat unto them, 
 that they begin with fmall pra&ifes, and firft upon 
 arable grounds, before they proceed to pafture, or 
 meddow ; and fo being carefull in thcfe former 
 circumftances, which I lia^eat large handled in the 
 title of Marl, they fhal no way endanger their eftates 
 nor hazard~ 4 uy great Ioffe, before they attain their 
 defires. Neither would I have them perfvvaded,cbat 
 my meaning is, that they fhould overflow- any 
 grounds, which either they have fowed already, or 
 mean to fow prefendy with their grain 5 but rather 
 feme waft ground or other, which after it hath been 
 glutted with lair water divers times, and then repo- 
 fed it felf a fufficient time, might fervein fleidof 
 Marfor other dung to fpread abroad upon their bar- 
 ren corn grounds • but how often the fame fhould 
 be oveflown, and in what time the earth writ Effi- 
 ciently putrific and tranfmute the fait, before it will 
 be ferviceablein this kind, I will not here determines 
 Yet fince the fame is fo well performed near the 
 
 S $ fak 
 
*34 
 
 The Imel-tioufe of 
 
 laic-pics where there is not any artificial obfervation 
 at all made,l think him to be of a vei y grofs conceit, 
 who after he hath conferr’d with thofe of Nantwich 
 in this behalf, fhould not be able to tfftft the like in 
 any parcel of land that borders upon the fea, or any 
 arm thereof ; yet it fhall not be anufs for them to 
 know the difference, that the brine of feme of thofe 
 falt-pits doth hold one third, or one fourth part of 
 fait, whereas the Sea water doth not for the moft 
 part contain above one eighteenth or twentieth part 
 of fait, which would make a great difference be- 
 tween them, but that much land water is alfo laded 
 out of thofe pits among the brine* 
 
 And now by this time I hope you are well furni- 
 fhed with fait at an eafie price,as alfo with the means 
 how to make the fame of a vegetative naturejt were 
 but in vain here to entreat of the nature of that fair, 
 whereof the fait peter men do gather a bufhel or two 
 at the moft, from thirty tuns of earthy and therefore 
 how excellent foever the fame be in his kind, it will 
 not profit us much in this work, becaufethe ftore 
 thereof is fo little.Now I wil proceed to fome other 
 forts of foil, which be excellent in their kind, but 
 moft of them appropriate onely to particular pla. 
 ces,and fome of them not to be had in any great qua- 
 lity, and therefore fitter for gardens, or for the trial 
 of mafteries, then for the enriching of arable ©r pa- 
 flure ground$,amongft the which ; l will alot the firft 
 place to the putriia&ion of vegetabks,becaufe there 
 may fome realonable ftore be had in feme of them, 
 in certain places;and then to the calcination of them, 
 whereby they are firft reduced to afhes, and after 
 thole afhes may be difperfed on fuch barre ground, 
 as the proprietors of them fhal make beft choife of. 
 
 And 
 
Art and Nature. 1 3 5 
 
 And for ought that I could yet imagine, I hold the 
 brakes or Fern to be both the cheapeft, yea tnoft 
 plentifull, and that which may beft be f pared of all 
 the unneccfTary weeds that grow: and that you may 
 fooner rot and putrifie them, you mu ft mingle good 
 {lore of earth amongft them, or clfe make feveral f ern fp ee . 
 beds or lays of earth and fern one upon another, till dily. 
 you have made as it were a large juuckheap of the, 
 and fo let them reft till they be wholly confumed 
 into a fine earth, or mold. Although I could name a 
 York (hire Knight, who onely be flows the fern it felf 
 in foine good thicknefs, throughout all the alleys of 
 his hop-garden, wherby both the roots of his plants 
 are kept the moilfer,and alfo he doth yearly gather a 
 rich mould out of his allies, to amend and better his 
 hop hills withal. 
 
 And here I ha ve juft caufe offered me to com- New 
 mend alfo the manner of poling of his hops, which manner 
 he placeth in fuch fort,as that one plant may not ilaa* of P HoT 
 dow another, but that his whole garden receives the * 
 fulnefs and ftrength of the Sunne beams at once, 
 whereby both his Hops are mote kindiy,and the bels 
 of them much larger then in any orherHop grounds 
 whole poles are eredfed and ftand upright after cur 
 ordinary and groffe manner* But becaufe my pra- 
 mife was not to deliver any skill at all in Hop-gar** 
 dens,! will refetvethis conclufion, with feme other 
 fecrets inHop-grounds,not yet difeover’d or brought 
 in publick ufe, for fome apter occafioD, ut femper 
 novm vent dm . 
 
 And that I may not feem to have loft my felf in 
 the midft of thefe brakes, into which I am now fo 
 deeply entred, I would have that which is here fpo- 
 kenof the Fern onely to be generally underftood of 
 
 ' ~ ^ -- all 
 
The Tevetl- Houfe of 
 
 Bair, 
 
 1^6 
 
 all forts or plants or vegetables whatfoever, where- 
 with the earth feems unprofitably charged. 
 
 Divers alfohave found fingular profit in the hair 
 that is gotten from the hides of beafts being thinly 
 laid upon the ground,and fnffered to putrifie. 
 
 Now as we may by the putrifa&ion of the fern ,& 
 other plants, in divers parts of this realm make the 
 fame very profitable unto us for fuch country pur- 
 Calcina- pofcs as are here intended; fo likewife by calcinati- 
 rion of on of them, or burning them to afhes, we fhall find 
 HT the like and felf fame effeds, as divers (hires in Eng- 
 land can already teftifie in their own experience, who 
 confume their fern, Hubble, ft raw, heath,furs,iedge 
 bean (talks, and fomtimes the very fword,and fwarth 
 of the ground to allies : and thefe according to the 
 ftore of lalt,which their a(hes do contain, do either 
 for a longer , » or a (hotter time in rich their barren 
 grounds. 
 
 And becaufe that nature may be known to be fo 
 cunning an artift,as that (he hath not made any thing 
 in vain, the wit of man hath alfo found out feme 
 Maltduft g OOC | u f e t his way, e/en of the duft and tailes of the 
 Malt, which are left in malting, for thefe being alfo 
 returned upon the grounds from whence they came, 
 do help in (ome meafure to hearten them again The 
 proportion of them is about three quarters to an acre 
 of ground, but this fecret extends onely to malting 
 towns , and there alfo but to a few acres of ground, 
 yet I thought good to inlert the fame amongft the 
 reft , as a member of that body , which gives unto 
 each fubje& his generative, and fru&ifying venue. 
 
 J willow I would greatly commend that fine and delicate 
 tree*. mold , that is found in the bodies of old large and 
 hollow willow trees, that are putrified within, if it 
 
 were 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 were as pjentifull to be bad 9 as it is rich in lubftance, 
 yet happily how ftnal the ftore thereof be 3 it fhal not 
 be loft for the gathering, after the beft ufes thereof 
 be found out, and known among the ftudious pra&i- 
 fers of our age. 
 
 And here becaufe of all other places, I would be 
 loth to ieive the moft renowned City of England, 
 wherein I was born 5 without fome further and fleet- 
 er helps for her barren ground$,then fhe hath been hi- 
 therto acquainted withal 5 and for that I daily do fee,a 
 moft rich commoiity trampled under foot,and con- 
 temned of all men 3 I hold my fe.lf even found in con- 
 fcience,for my countries good 3 not to hide the fame 
 any longer f but rather to pubSifh all fuch profitable 
 ufes thereor 3 as I conceive my feIf>or have learned of 
 others, together with a full fatisfadtion of thofeob- 
 jedions which have been grounded upon the long 
 difcontinuance thereof with the Low Countrymen 
 of Flanders , who are generally accounted the moft 
 skilfull and painfull husbandmen of all Europe. The 
 matter which I mean , is the waft fope afhes which 
 our Sope boilers for the moft part, will give for the 
 carriage, and fome of them a!fo do pay for the car- 
 riage, when they are conveyed from their hoe fes .* 
 though fome few of them make a fmali benefit of 
 thefe afhes. 
 
 And here it fhal be no fhame for us to acknowledg 
 ihofe Flemmings to be our firft teachers, in the ufe 
 of them : nay ,it is rather a great fhame, that we can- 
 not be provoked to our own profit, by the example 
 of others , who have fo many years inriched them- 
 felves thereby, and have of Sale years to their great 
 Ioffe , been forced ■ to leave them. As concerning 
 their good opinion , and profitable ufe of them , 
 
* 3.8 
 
 Tht Imel-Houfe of 
 
 1 think we need no farther argument to maintain it, 
 then the price which they gave for them to the Sope- 
 boilers, which I have credibly heard, was 3*s, or 
 3«s. 4A a load, befides the carriage of them into 
 their own countrey. 
 
 And yet if the infinite extenficn of them, the eafie 
 charge in be {lowing of them, together with their ef- 
 pecial nature in (uppre fling of weeds, be wel weigh- 
 ed and confidered, we fhall find them to be much 
 cheaper of that paice then any common foil, or fia- 
 ble dung whatfoever. For how cheap foever our o- 
 thcr foil be, yet the tranlpofing thereof from place 
 to place ( if the land lie at any diftance ) makes it fo 
 chargeable, that the poorer fort ot Farmers in tna- 
 ny places of this realm, will fcarcely afford the car- 
 riage thereof to their grounds* though they might 
 have the fame freely given them 3 whereas two load 
 of thefe allies, or thereabouts, being fuflicient for an 
 acre of arable ground,is focn bellowed by the labor 
 of one man, without the help either of care or horfe. 
 For their manner about Bridges vvas 3 alter they had 
 fcwed the fame with grain, to ftrowe thefe afhes 
 thereon with their hands till the ground did feeai to 
 have gathered a whitifh garment upon ir, and that 
 was fufficient for that year 3 and by this pra&tle 
 they might fow the ground yearly without leaving 
 it fallow at any time : Yea 3 their ground being help- 
 ed in this manner, would yeeld them a moil rich 
 crop of Flax whole feed of all other doth burn and 
 pill the ground 3 for fo fays the Pcet, Frit tnim li - 
 nifemeru It is alio with good probability to be con- 
 je$ured s that thefe fope a {fees do not onely enrich the 
 ground, but do alfo help to deftroy worms, weeds, 
 and rufliesj that do fpring up in moift and barren 
 
 grounds 
 
 v* 
 
Art and Nature • 
 
 *39 
 
 groundsjthen let every wife man imagine what may 
 be faved thereby in that chargeable weeding of 
 woad, grc. If broom or fein may not bedeftroyed 
 by this means; and I make no doubt of broom, it the 
 ground were fuft plowed,and after theleafhes feat- 
 tered upon the fame* 
 
 And becaufe I would not rely wholly upon the 
 outlandiffy experience of thole afhes, ( left other- 
 wile it might happily be objected, that they are not 
 agreeable with our foil or climate ) I have thought 
 good to prefix in the front of this Treatile, the por- 
 traiture of an ear of Summer barley, being draw® 
 truly and fharply, according to the breadth and 
 length thereof ; which together with fundry o- 
 thers of the fame proportion ( as by divers eye wit- 
 ness of good credit, I can prove and juftifie ) did 
 grow this Summer at Bilhops-hal!,where I dwell, to 
 the great admiration of the beholders : the ftalk of 
 which together with the ear was mea lured to be an 
 ell,and three inches in length, from the ground to the 
 fummity thereof. And this I did in a barren ground, 
 by the help and means of thofe fope afhes,God bid- 
 fing my labours therein, 
 
 I have alfo this year found the like fuccefs thereof 
 in pafture ground, by the means aforelaid. Ore . If 
 that fope afhes will not enrich the ground for woa J, 
 as that thereby we may continue our yearly fowing 
 upon the ground, without any imermiflion thereof. 
 Qr<?. Alfa if the fame be not very profitable to be 
 laid amongft the Hop hils, to make the plants to 
 ficurifh and profper the better. For in Lombardy, 
 they like fo well the ufe of a(hes,a$ that they efteem 
 it much above other dung, thinking dung not meet 
 to be ufed^for theunwholfomenefs thereof, This out 
 
 lz of 
 
140 
 
 The level- Houfe of 
 
 of Matter Barnabe Googe , who doth alfo affirm in 
 another place of his book of Husbandry, that if we 
 will have the Artichoke to profper well , we mutt 
 dung the fame continually with allies, for that kind 
 of fruit delights therein. 
 
 And to make the fame out of all queflion,I know 
 a grave and well experienced Citizen of London, 
 who hath made often trial of them , and hath found 
 very good luccefle 3 by applying them in the Winter 
 time, to the roots of his own Artichokes.Now if wc 
 will *ifo look into the realon hereof, we (hall find it 
 to be nothing elfe but the fait of thefe allies, which 
 notwithttanding all that fharp Lee, which the Sope- 
 boilershave drawn from them 3 do yet remain much 
 ftronger, and more laltifh then our beft afhes, that 
 have not as yet been put to any ufe^and this will ea- 
 iily appear in fomeof thofe other ufes, that follow 
 hereafter* All which being well con(idered,I do hold 
 the fame better for winter then fummer corn , and 
 very profitable for all cold and moifi pafture, and 
 meadow grotlods, fo as they be laid upon them, , a- 
 faom the leaft qf all Saints, that the great (bovvers in 
 the Winter <ime may make them of an eafie foluti- 
 ©n^whereby the grafFe may have a more fpeedy, at- 
 traction of their vegetative fait unto ir* 
 
 Some be of opinion that thefe afhes be made for 
 the moil part, of that tree which carries a fmal leaf, 
 like unto our Oke,and whereof the Dainfick Wain- 
 feat is made. And fome ethers do commend ano- 
 ther tree, that fomwhat refembles our wifehen elms 
 of whofe boughs and branches, being burned-, they 
 gather thefe afhes. But it is mod certain that they 
 are not the afhes of any one tree, but of divers that 
 are conlumed together, as they grow in fonae greas 
 
 vmocL 
 
Art and Nature. ; 
 
 w^od 4 Now thefe afhes by a more violent kind of 
 fire,being forced to a fufi on, whereby they cake and 
 clod together , are then called by the name of fope- 
 afhes. But how then comrqethir topafle , ifthere 
 be fuch fait and ftrengdi 5 remaining in thefe wafte 
 afhes, that our Flemmings ( who will not lofe fo 
 much as the paiings of their nails, much Ids the ufe 
 offo rich a commodity ) ihou Id wholly abandon 
 them, and for fo many years together difcontinue all 
 their traffique and bargaining with our fope boilers? 
 It fhould lecm by all likelihood that though for a 
 few of the firft years, they found fome hearming 
 thereby unto the foil and ground whereon they were 
 beftowed,yet in procefs of years that thefe afhes be- 
 ing yearly renewed upon the fame land , did in the 
 end leave fome hard or barren cruft, or caput w.*nu- 
 urn behind them, whereby the ground became either 
 for a long time, or wholly unprofitablecver after. 
 
 Thefe obje&ions being throughly anfwered, and 
 confuted, I hope I fhail find an eafie fute of it to in- 
 treat al ourLondon borderers,who do occupy tfaem- 
 felves in the affairs of husbandry , to ftep into the 
 Dutch mens rooms, and to neglect no longer fo rich 
 and fo bountifullan offer.Neither yet will I here re- 
 ly upon thofe late troubles, and turmoils of the low 
 countries, which hath been means to cut off a great 
 part oftheintercourfe between them and us, and to 
 make them almoft unwilling to perform any profi- 
 table pradife for their own good , leaft the enemy 
 fhould like a drone Bee devour their honey, nor yet 
 on any new exa&ion that hath been demanded of the 
 upon the traofporting thereof, whereas in times paft 
 they did carry them freely away for ballift,but I wil 
 only at this time urge th.at countermanding priviledg 
 
 s i ~ . 
 
The lewd-Houfe of 
 
 fir ft granted upon a colour or pretence to have im- 
 ployed them very profitably upon the making of 
 fait Peeter, and brimftone within this realm, where* 
 by all the Sope-boilers were prohibited from the 
 fale of them to any fuch as would tranfport them, 
 although the Patentees could never asyetwiihall 
 their chimical skil, draw out or feperate one pound 
 of Peter, or brimftone from them. And for my part 
 I am undoubtedly perfwaded that their firft purpofe 
 was no other (howfoever the fame was masked, or 
 difguifed in (hew Jbut onely to force the Sope boil- 
 ers (after they had procured a general reftraint) to 
 grow to compofition with them for fetting them at 
 large again;which appeared mo ft manifeftly to be fo, 
 for that in the end they demanded a certain rate upon 
 the tun, which they denied, and thereupon the firft 
 difcontinuance of them grew betwixt the Flemings 
 and the Sope-boilers. And thus I hope I have remo- 
 ved this (tumbling block out of my Country mens 
 way, whereby they may begin a frefh pradife of 
 them, and thereby make fome ufe of that patent , 
 which hath by this time gotten a found deep, and is 
 now awaked in a good hour. 
 
 And as concerning any bad accident that they 
 fihould in time leave behind them : their melting and 
 foluble nature, whereby in one years (pace they are 
 wholly confumed with thofe fhowers^and frofts that 
 over take them, is a fufficient argument to convince 
 all doubts that can poffibly be objeded this way .But 
 now to fome other ufes of them : I do find them 
 much better and cheaper then the Mafons duft for 
 the fcouringofourtrenchers,and other wooden vef- 
 feb,and this can our Dutch liskins,and Kitchin maids 
 well approve, whofe dreffbrs, fhelves, and molding- 
 
 boards. 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 143 
 
 boards are much whiter and cleaner kepr, then thole 
 whichare wafhed,and fcalded after thcEnglifh man- 
 Hereupon which reafon they muft of ncceflity be ve- 
 ry ferviceable for wafhing of all our wooden flores 
 either of deal , or elm to cleanfe them of all their 
 greafe,fpots 3 or foil whatfoever^and I make no que- 
 ilion but that we (ball find them very excellent for 
 the fcouring and cleanfing of our glaffe windows 
 from all the Items, filth, and cloudinefs, that makes 
 them in time fo darkfom unto us J will pafs over the 
 ufe of them in the paving ot theflreets,and laying of 
 bowling allies, wherein many hundred loads are year- 
 ly confumed in London , and the Suburbs round a- 
 bout it. But I may not omit that excellent and inge- 
 nious pradife,of that skilful and ancientSope-boiler, 
 who looking advifedly into their binding and knitting 
 nature,hath to his great credit ercdled a fair, a firong 
 and coftly building of brick, in the mortar whereof, 
 he beftowed good ftore of his own fope afhes, which 
 to this day continues firm and foiid(and without any 
 fhew of ill accident happening by thefe afhes)as a- 
 ny other building, whofe Bones were laid onely with 
 lime and fand. By whofe good example many other 
 alfo of latter times, have occupied many hundred 
 loads of them for the fame purpofe,and would have 
 fpent many thoufand loads of them ere this day, but 
 that they find this mortar fomwhat rough in thelay- 
 ing 5 and more fliarp and f redull to their fingers then 
 their ufu al mortar which they day ly occupy , But if 
 I were able to be a builder my felf,I would foon re- 
 medy thefe two {lender faults, whereof the latter I 
 hold rather for an excellent quality,and tnoft appro- 
 priate for the nature ot mortar it felt, rather then a 
 fault. Apd yet for the good wil which I bear teal the 
 
 excellent 
 
*44 
 
 The levpel-Houfe of 
 
 For buck 
 doathes. 
 
 excellent uniform builders of our time, andbecaufe 
 thereby I {hall give fome encreafe of labour to the 
 poor and painful peeple,that may be imploied ther • 
 in, I will fet down the beft advife that I can in this 
 behalf, the fame being inch as I dare make warrant 
 thereof upon my credit, being carefully handled. As 
 concerning the roughnefs of them, who is fo blind 
 that leeth not which way to remedy the fame ? For 
 it is rather a work of labour then of skill ? For they 
 being either ground er ftamped into a fine powder, 
 before they be mixed with the fand, will foon be 
 brought into a Imooth temper* 
 
 And here we have no need to fear the charge that 
 will arife thereby, for I dare undertake, that the pro- 
 fit of one days labour will anfwer the charge of three 
 mens wages, in the difference of price that will be 
 found between one load of thefe afhe*, and one hun- 
 dred of lime. The (harpnefs wherewirh they offend 
 the Bricklayers fingers,may in fome fort be avoided 
 by wearing of gloves ( without the which they fel- 
 dome lay any brick at at al!) to avoid the like effedls 
 which they find in lime. But for an allured help 
 thereinfif the fame be luch as cannot be endured of 
 workmen ) let thefe waft allies be re-imbibed with 
 more water for fome reafonable time, till fome fur- 
 ther part or proportion of their fait be divided from 
 them, and then without all queftion they (hall find 
 them gentle enough;, and much of their fretting na- 
 ture taken from them. See the whole art of making 
 of the mortar fet down Numb. 9 2, 
 
 The laft, though not the leaft ufe of thefe afhes, 
 which I purpofe to difeover at this time, is to make 
 them (erviceable in (lead of common afhes,both for 
 the whiting of lianen, as alfo for the making of buck 
 
 lee. 
 
Art and Nature 9 1 4 S 
 
 lee, which are now grown to an exceffive price, 
 partly by the great expence of them in fait Peter 
 work, but principally through our lately fparingof 
 wood, and charcole, whereby thefe latter times do 
 not afford the like ftore,or piety of them as we were 
 accuftomed to have in the days of our predeceffors. 
 And I am the rather induced to conceive well of 
 them in this courfe,by that ancient and common ex- 
 perience,which the whitfters, and Dutch laundrefles 
 have long fince begun,and do as yet continue among 
 us, for the fpeedier whiting of yarn with them, which 
 they do moll confidently affirm to become more 
 white by this means by once bucking of it, then by 
 fundry times with our common and ordinary allies, 
 and if they fhallbe found over ftrong,^ndrinarp for 
 our linnen { which is the onely fault that I could e- 
 ver hear them charged withal ) I doubt not but that 
 by the aforefaid manner of imbibition, they may be 
 fo weakned,as they fhal eafily be reduced to, the per- 
 ie£t ftrength of our ordinary afhes : or eHe for our 
 better fatisfa&ion herein we may ufe fitch propor- 
 tion of our aftes amongft them, as may bed bring 
 them to be of one nature and quality with them. 
 Thus much by way of dtgreflion of the feveral u/es 
 of thele waft afhe$,wherein though I have ftrayed a 
 little without the bounds &c limits of husbandry 5 yet 
 I hope I (ball be found fufficienrly within my text* 
 for that all thefe particular ufes may feemeomaim 
 tain and fortfie their fructifying nature the more,be- 
 caufe they are wholly drawn from that vegetative 
 fait, wherewith she fame above all other ordinary 
 dung whatsoever, is mo ft fruitfull and abounding. 
 
 Thus much of vegetables, now a touch of Ani- 
 mals, and fo I wil knit np this difeourfe, leaving thole 
 
 V ineftimablc 
 
1 4 £ Tb* Jewel- Uouf t of 
 
 — — - — ?r 
 
 sale of ineftiroable and hidden treaiures of the minerals, and 
 anaaisi felts, tending alfo this way unto the deep Lul- 
 lifts,and true Enghfh Paracelfians, who no doubr, if 
 they Jived in thankfuil times, would begin where I 
 have left.and not onely have publifhed their philofo- 
 phical felt, which nature fhould have been forced to 
 maintain lor -ever, but would alio have laid open a 
 very large vein of goIdemMarl, whereby they would 
 have lo multiplied that radical moifture of fimdry 
 plan's, as that in foiuegood meafure they fhould 
 have recovered that fir ft perfection wherein they 
 were created, and which they loft by the fall and dif» 
 obedience of man. I am credibly enformedfand the 
 pilehatds reafon theredf is fb apparent, as that none but he who 
 3pmrifie& will deny theconclufion of a Syllogilme can deny 
 the fame) that after fuch time as the coaft-men have 
 by expreffion, and other apt means, gotten that kind 
 of train oyl, which they call a Pilchard oyl, from the 
 fifh of that name? that they alfo beflow that which 
 remains of the P ilchards upon their lean and hungry 
 grounds, the fubftance whereof, by putrifa&ion, 
 becomesa moil rich and fruitfull mould, and fuch 
 as gives heart unto the earth for many years toge- 
 
 Garbadgs 
 of fifh 
 
 ther. 
 
 And ir is no way to be doubted,but that the carca- 
 les and gai badge of all other fifh, would produce the 
 like cift&s/or that they muft ol force refemble the 
 nature of the place wherein they breed and live, 
 whereof we fhould have had a fufficient trial before 
 this,but that there is no fuch ftore of any other fifh 
 fo fitly presented unto us for this purpofe as the Pil- 
 chard, which ferves to no other ufe, after reparation 
 made ol the oyl,but onely to engender this fait dung, 
 which we have in hand. 
 
 Now 
 
147 
 
 Art and Nature. 
 
 Now concerning the bloud, offal, and entrails of 
 beads, every Butcher about London, who for the 
 mod part hath a garden for thatpurpofe, to bury 
 the fame in, to avoid offence, can diffidently tcftifie. 
 And I have heard the Bloud of beads commended in 
 high tearms, for the forwarding and profpering of 
 all poor and backward vines, fo as withall it be tem- 
 pered with lime, which is ufcd to no other end, but 
 only to dedroy all fuch Wormsj as otherwile the 
 blood would ingender in the Earth, which would in 
 timeconfume alfthe fap and marrow that lyeth in 
 the rootes, and in the end dedroy both the Root and 
 the Vine. Yet this caution I will give before I con- 
 clude,that he which tempereth lime with the bloud, 
 mud fuffer the fird accidental heat, which happens 
 in the flaking thereof i to pafs over, before he apply 
 the fame to the root, either of the Vine, or of any o- 
 ther plant, left that unkindly and unnatural hear, 
 ( which for the time is dirred up in the compofiti- 
 on ) do happen to burn and dry up that radical moi- 
 dure, which will hardly be redored again by any 
 outward art ©r means whatfoever. 
 
 Claudite iam rivos pueri,fat prat a biberunt . 
 
 jo y. The manner of drawing or extrabling of the oils 
 out of Herbs or Spices, with all necefj ary circttm- 
 fiances. 
 
 A Copper body, or Brafs pot, with a Pewter 
 .Limbeck, and a glafs Receiver, are all the ne. 
 cefTary inftruments for the extracting of thefe Oyls, 
 and the greater the pot or body is, and the more you 
 didil at once, you make both the Iefs wad, and the 
 Oyls will be in lefs danger of adudion. 
 
 Va Let 
 
 BIoud,of* 
 fal, and 
 entrails 
 
 of bealte! 
 
148 
 
 The Iewel-Houfc of 
 
 Let the middle pipe of your Limbeck, through 
 which your oyl and water afcends, be as large again 
 as the ordinary pipes are, and much fhorter, and let 
 the bucket , or cooler in the head contain as much 
 more cold water, as our ordinary Limbecks do. 
 
 If youhavecaufe to draw much oyl at once of 
 cm lort or kind* then ufe the firft water again 1 or 
 the vehiculum in your fccond drawing, bccaule the 
 fame hath already received his glut ofcheoyls, and 
 will not be fo hungry to devour your oyl as new, 
 and frcfh water, that hath not been ufed to the fame 
 purpofe before. 
 
 The water in the cooler may not boil , but you 
 mu ft change the fame (o often as it grows fcalding 
 hot,and put cold water in the place thereof. 
 
 You may begin your diftillation with apretty 
 ftrong fire till theoyl begins toafcend, but after- 
 ward let your fire be fo temperate, as that your pipe 
 that runneth into the receiver do never blow, but 
 onelydrop apace, or run trickling down the re^ 
 ceiver. 
 
 Seme ufe to macerate , or infufe the fpices the 
 night before they diftiii, luring the Limbeck, to their 
 hr a fie pot , or copper body, the beft ufe thereof is 
 in my conceit that the part, or lute will be fo much 
 the drier before they begin to workout I think they 
 gaiinotany more oil by that pradife. And yet a 
 Neopoliran promifeth to double the oyl of Anni- 
 feeds, by macerating them ten days before diftilla- 
 Uon. 
 
 The flowers of Sage, Time, Rofemary, Lavender, 
 &c. yeeld more oyl then the leaves , and the feeds 
 more then the lowers. 
 
 To 
 
Art and Nature . 1 4 
 
 To every pound of feeds,or fpice adde a gallonof 
 fair water at the leaft* 
 
 Beat your feeds and fpice fomewhat grofsly be- 
 fore you put them into your por,or body. 
 
 All fuch hearbs whereof you mean to draw any 
 oil, would be laid abr oad in the air to dry, five or 
 fix days before you draw any oyl from them :for fo 
 you may diftil both more at once, and alfo you fhall 
 have more ftore of Oil* 
 
 Tftofe hearbs which are hot either in fmel or taft, 
 will give theitOil in this manner in more plenty then 
 thofe which are of a mild,or gentle fmel or taftes as 
 thefweet Marjerom a Rofe,&c. 
 
 Moft of your Oils will float on thetopofyour 
 water, yet theOilofCinamon and Cloves will fall 
 to the bottom,in the manner of a Balfamum^ and fome 
 do hold it for one true mark of a natural B alfamum^ 
 if being powred into another Oil it finks to the hot* 
 tome. 
 
 Your pa £! emu ft con lift of bean flower, or other 
 ecurfe flower tempered with water onely, or fome 
 whites of eggs well beaten, and during your diftilla- 
 tion youmuft have fome pafte ready to flop all 
 fuch breathing places in the joynt,whereat any wind 
 fhall iffue. 
 
 Let your receiver being of Heflbn glaffe contain 
 two gallons, or three pottles, and for your receivers 
 you may chufe thofe gbfies which they call bodies, 
 when they are once cutoff with hoe irons aud fitted 
 to their helms. 
 
 ; For the moft part you fhall have all the oyls of 
 your hearbs, or fpices to afeend with the firft pottle 
 of watermeverthekfie for the more furety you may 
 draw off a gallon, Sc prove what you can gather out 
 of the la ft pottle* V a ~ You 
 
The Itnel-Houfe tf 
 
 You may divide your oyls from your water, by 
 putting the water and oyls being temperately warm, 
 either into a large head that hath a fhort pipe, or for 
 want thereof into a great glafs funnel, flaying your 
 finger at the bottonae of the pipe till all the oyl do 
 fiote above the water ( except in cloves , and cina- 
 mon) and then letting the water to have a g entle paf- 
 fage by lifting up your finger a little, antill you fee 
 the oil ready to run out with the refl, which you lhal 
 eafily perceive by the difference of their colours, 
 and then flop the hole with your finger again,and re- 
 ceive the oil into a feveral glafs by in felf. 
 
 When you have divided the oyls from the waters, 
 then may you re&ifie or purifie them in this man- 
 ner* Put all your Oyl that is of one fort into aglaffe 
 body, and hold the lame carefully in fome hot wa- 
 ter moving the fame up and down at the firll, leaft 
 you break your glaffe,untill all the water be evapo- 
 rated, and that you perceive the oils to become of a 
 clear and tranfparent colour, and then keep them in 
 apt glaffes. Moll of all thefe Oyls will laft exceed- 
 ing long , and to lay truly , I know not how long, 
 for I have not found any of them to fail , or lofe 
 their grace, except the Oyl of Anniieeds* But fome 
 inflead of clarifying in the manner alorelaid, do 
 ale to re diftill them again in fmall bodies , and 
 beads of piaffe with fome of the firft water, and 
 fome draw them from Role water. Note that ia 
 this re&ifying by afcenfion you fhall lofe a great 
 part of their tindture , and if I bee not decei- 
 ved , a great part alfo of their flrength and 
 vertue. 
 
 If you have caufe to draw many Oyls one after 
 another, having but one Limbeck for them all, let 
 
 the 
 
Art and Nature. I j I 
 
 the Oyle of Annife- feeds be one of the laft which 
 you draw, becaufe it will feafon the Limbeck fo 
 ftrongly, that you fhall hardly get out the fcent, 
 but with great labour. And for the Iweetening of 
 your Limbeck upon every change of ftrong Gyle, 
 you may fet the Limbeck loofe upon the pot of wa- 
 ter, or Copper body, and fo urge up with fire a great 
 quantity of water out of your pot, till yon find the 
 fcent of the laft Oyl to vanifh j or ef fe put fome dry 
 Rofe leaves, or fweet Marjoram leaves into your 
 water, and then make fire, as before 
 Let the paflage of your water that ftandeth Hill 
 in the cooler, be very large, whether it be cock, or 
 Tampion. Some do empty their cooler with a long 
 crooked pipe, and fet the lame on running by draw- 
 ing the water down with their breath a little at the 
 firft. It is very requifite to have veffels of cold wa- 
 ter ready at hand to poure in prefently upon the 
 emptying of your Cooler, or Bucket ; and if the 
 fame V effels be of equal reception with the Bucket, 
 you fhall find your labour the eafier. I know fome 
 that to avoid the continual labour of filling and 
 emptying of their Cooler have placed a large Vef- 
 fei full of cold water in fueh manner, as that the 
 fame by turning of a Cock may run dropping conti- 
 nually into the Cooler : and in like manner the Cock 
 shat is fixed to the Cooler may deliver as much 
 water into an other yefTelasit received from the 
 uppermoft* 
 
 Some 
 
is* 
 
 Tbtlewtl-Htufe tf 
 
 . i I .IH.W . .M . — ■» Some hold opinion, that 
 
 If*" IPPii ‘h e drawing of all 
 
 I y|#£L j vegetable Oils, that will 
 
 // j§T v a 1 congeal in cold weather, 
 1 //I r s ‘ n ‘h e Summer, or 
 
 I M ill j Spring-time, but a work- 
 I Jy *€ 3^ | man wii both draw them, 
 
 r ~ / 3 and divide them at all 
 
 ~| ||| - ff j ~j| \~ times o i the year. 
 
 =ly S m j Let there be alwaies one 
 
 I fe. ] ! third of youi pot, or cop” 
 
 r er h° d y empty, that 
 ' N ^pT\ I ‘here may be Efficient 
 ^ room for the fpirits to 
 
 ~ ■""" play in. 
 
 lo6. Hotv to reftifi e the af ere- 
 faid OylU 
 
 T 7 *T THen you have gathered fome ftore of 
 V V Oyl together, put the fame into a fmall 
 glaffe body , or cucurbite, fetting the fame in a 
 gentle balneo, till all the water be evaporated from 
 theOyl, and that the Oyl become ofamoft clear 
 and bright colour. This manner of re&ifying is 
 ufed in the extracted Oils of Spices Seeds, and Flow- 
 ers. But if you would re6ti fie either Oyl of Am- 
 ber, Jet, Wax, or any of thofe heavy, and fatty 
 
 S J 3 “A j ui aiijf ui I'l'Jiv j j 
 
 Oy Is which mu ft be urged up with aftrongfire, 
 then your beft way is to pour the Oyl upon a 
 good quantity of Rofe water in a glaffe body, lu- 
 ting a helm unto it, and fo by re&ifying the fame 
 often from Rofe-water,a great part of that offenfive 
 ' and 
 
Art and Nature % ij 
 
 andaduftfmell which they purchafe in their diftil- 
 lationjWill be taken away. 
 
 107 . Divers fpecial ufes of the aforefaid Ojls not here - 
 tofore publifhed . 
 
 T° commend them either for their medicinable 
 and known vertues,or for their printed qualities^ 
 were but loft labour, and therefore 1 refer ail fuch 
 asbecefirous to read them at large, to the plenti- 
 ful! difcourfe concerning that matter, written by 
 Dodlor @efnerus 9 in a book entituled, 'The lew el if 
 Healthy and Euglifhed by Mr. Baker, fine of thofe 
 other more rare, and conceited ufes, which either 
 I have found out by mine own experience , or lear- 
 ned of others $ I will here give fome tafte unto all 
 the true lovers of learning. And thofe whoaredefi- 
 rous to make a trial of thefe pra&ifes, may repair to 
 MafterDemifh, that ancient and expert Chimift 
 dwelling near the Glafs houfe, at whofe hands they 
 may buy any of the aforefaid Oyls inamoftreafo- 
 nable manner. 
 
 108. Divers forts of [meteor hand-waters madefud- 
 denljjr ex tempore with the ( aid Ofs. 
 
 F ir ft you fhall underftand that whenfoever you 
 draw any of the aforefaid oils of cinamon 3 cloves, 
 mace, nutmegs, or fuch like, that you fhall have al- 
 fo a pottle, or a gallon , more or lefTe, according to 
 the quantity which you draw, of excellent fweee 
 washing water for your table, yea fome do keep the 
 fame for their broths wherin otherwife they fhould 
 ufe fome of the fame kind of fpice^ but if you take 
 
 X three 
 
* 5.4 
 
 Uwel-Mwfe of 
 
 three, or four drops of the fame onely of the Oyl of 
 Cloves, Mace or Nutmegs,f for Cinamon Oyl is too 
 coflly to fpend this way) and mingle the fame with 
 a pint of fair water, making agitation of them toge- 
 ther a pretty while in a glafs having a narow mouth, 
 till they have in lome meafure incorporated them- 
 felves togethenyou fhall find a very pleafingandde- 
 lightfull water thereof to wafh with , and fo you 
 may alwaies furnifh your felf ofiweet water of fe- 
 ver a 1 kinds, before fuch time as your guefts fhall be 
 ready to fitdownj fpeaknot here of the oil ofSpikc 
 which will extend very far this way, both becaufe c- 
 very man likes not fo Itrong a {cent, and for that the 
 lame is elfewhere already commended by another 
 Author, Yet this I muft needs acknowledge to be 
 the cheaper way, for that I allure my felf there may 
 be five,or fix gallons of fvveet water made with one 
 ounce of the Oil which you may buy ordinarily for 
 a groat atthemoft. 
 
 This way you may alio make an excellent fweet 
 water lor a calling bottle. Take three drams of Oyl 
 of Spike, i dram of Oyl of Time, i dram of Oil of 
 Lemmons,! dram of Oil ofClovesjthen take i grain 
 of Civet^and 3 grains of the aforefaid compofition 
 well wrought together, temper them wel in a filver 
 f poon- with your finger, then put the fame into a fil- 
 ver boul, wafhing it out by little and little, into the 
 boul with a little rofe water at once, till all the Oyl 
 be wafhed out of the fpoon into the boul , and then 
 do the like by wafhing the fame out of the boul with 
 a little role water at once, till all the lent be gotten 
 out, putting the rofe water ftill in a glafs when you 
 have tempered the fame in the boul fufficietitly. A 
 pint of rofe water will be fufficient to mingle with 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 the iaid proportion , and if you find the fame not 
 ftrong enough of the civet, then you may to every 
 pint put i grain and ahalf,or 2 grains of civet,to the 
 weight of 3 grains of the aforefaid eompofition of 
 oils-If you diftil bruifed cloves with fair water one- 
 ly,in an ordinary leaden ftill, you fhall receive very 
 good vvafhing water for your table, and the charge 
 thereof will not exceed 3 pence, or 4 pence the pint. 
 All thefe feveral fweet waters I have of ten proved. 
 
 I09. How to makefundry forts ofmoft dainty butter 
 with the faidOyls. 
 
 T N the month of May is very ufual with us to eat 
 fomc of the fmalleft,& youngeft fage leaves with 
 butter in a morning , and I think the common ufe 
 thereof doth fufficiently commend the fame to be 
 wholfomej inftead whereof all thofe which delight 
 in this hearb may caufe a few drops of theoyl of 
 fage to be wel wrought, or tempered with the butter 
 when it is new taken out of the chern, until they find 
 the fame ftrong enough in tafte to their own lining; 
 and this way I account much more wholfome then 
 the firft, wherein you fhall find a far more lively and 
 penetrative taft, then can be prefently had out of the 
 green hearb. 
 
 This laft Summer I did entertain divers of my 
 friends with this kindof butter amongft other coun- 
 try difhes, as alfo with Cinamon, Mace, and Clove 
 butterf which are all made in one felf fame manner ) 
 and I knew nor whether I did more pleafe them 
 With this new found difh,or offend them by denying 
 the,fecret unto them, who thought it very ftrangeto 
 find the natural taft ofhearbs,& f pices conveied into 
 
 X a butter- 
 
The levpel-Houfe »f 
 
 l5 l 
 
 butter,without any apparent touch of colour* But I 
 hope I have at this time fatisfied their longings* Q 
 if by fome means or other you may not give a tin<5U 
 ure to your cream before you chern ir, either with 
 rofe leaves,cowfIip leaves,violet or marigolddeaves, 
 &c, and thereby change the colour of your butter. 
 And it may be it you wafh your butter throughly 
 wel with rofe water before you difh ir,and work up 
 fome fine fugar in if, that the country people will go 
 near to rob all Cocknies of their break- fafts, unlefs 
 the dairy be wel looked unto.If you would keep but- 
 ter f weet and frefh a long time to make fops, broth 
 or cawdel 5 or to butter any kind of fifh withal in a 
 better fort then I have feen in the beft houfes where 
 I have come, then diffolve your butter in a clean 
 glafed, or filver vefTel, and in a Pan or Kettle of 
 water, with a flow and gentle fire, and pour the fame 
 i o diffolved, into a bafon that hath fome fair Water 
 therein, and when it is cold, take away the foot, not 
 fuffering any of the curds or whey to remain in the 
 bottoms: and if you regard not the charge thereof, 
 you may either the firft or fecondtime, diffolve 
 your butter in Rofe water as before, working them 
 well together, and clarifie it and this butter fo clari- 
 fied, will be as fweet in raft , as the marrow of any 
 beaft, by reafon of the great impurity that is remo- 
 ved in this manner of handling: for 1 think that if you 
 clarifie it throughly well , you (hall find either a 
 fourth or a fifth part of drofs, in the beft butter that 
 you can buy in the market, which I think to be more 
 fit for the dung-hill, then for a mans ftomack,one]y 
 it helps the butter wives to make fome weight ; as 
 though (Ample wenches) they knew not which way 
 to help themlelves in their fmall difhes* What 
 
 butter 
 
Art and Nature* 
 
 1 57 
 
 butter the cream of goats milk will make , becaufe 
 the milk is exceeding fweer,and nourifhing.You may 
 eafily know what country man I am , by following 
 this London text fo far as I do; neverthelefs, let me 
 teach one thing more, to them which know it not al- 
 ready, and fo 1 will conclude with butter. That in 
 the winter time it is very requiftt to fcald your milk 
 prefently as it comes from the Cow, before you put 
 it into your pans, but take heed it feeth not, and you 
 fhall have very good butter, curds and cheefe, when 
 others (hall want the fame. And thus I hope, I have 
 given feme content to thole Gentlewomen, which do 
 not think themfelves too old, or too wife to learn : 
 and if there be any that can fay more in the circum- 
 ftinces of butter, I hope their dairies be greater then 
 mine , that never kept but two kine in any one 
 Summer* 
 
 1 1 o % To wake my cheefe tafl ofy ur a fore [aid Ojh m 
 
 • # 
 
 A S before in Butter, fo Hkewifeif you mingle a~ 
 ny of the aforefaid Oyls in your curds, before 
 you prefs out the whey, you fhall feel the fame ve- 
 ry fenfibly and plealantly, in the taft of your cheefe, 
 in the which you may eafily mingle fom rofe leaves 
 or give them the taft 5 fmeJ,and color of any floweret 
 your pleafure. There is alfo a trick in the making of 
 a cheefe , without putting the fame into any prefs, 
 onely by giving the fame a gentle peize, whereby the 
 whey that runs from the curds,will be as thin as wa- 
 ter, and carry no fubftance with ir^andfo your cheefe 
 will be much bigger 5 and better then otherwife it 
 would be 5 being made after the common country fa- 
 lhion e I have been a* bold as I dare, in difeovery 
 
 x 3 . 
 
1 5 3 The level- Houfe of 
 
 faereof } becaufe I. would be loath to offend a Gentle* 
 woman that prefumes of a great fecret herein, and 
 fheisthe more dainty of her skill, becaule (he hath 
 found it out by many labours, and Ioffes of her own. 
 But I think I have given light fufficient to a good dai- 
 ry Woman to find out all the circumftances thereof 
 in time* 
 
 III. Wbolefome and comfortable Manus Chrifti, for 
 fitch as have weak ftomacks. 
 
 T"*\Iffolve fotne of the whiteft Barbary fugar,you 
 -i_>*can get, with a little rofe-water in a fmal {hal- 
 low pipkin that contains 3 or 4 ounces, and glaled 
 within, and having a fmall lip, boil the lame upon a 
 felt fire, unto a ftiffnels,or confiftencyf as they term 
 it)till a drop thereof being poured out of the lip up- 
 on a cold ftone, become hard, and not clammy when 
 it is cold. And when you have youzvfugar boiled to 
 this heighth, then having a clean marble ftone, firft 
 fprinkled over with fine flower, pour the fame out 
 by peecemeal, making each of them of the bignefs of 
 a groat or tefter, or thereabouts : and when they are 
 thorow cold, hiving a few drops of the oyl of Cyna- 
 mors,Cloves,Mace,Nutmegs, &c. in a filverfpoon, 
 with a fmall feather, give each of the Manus CbriHi 
 a touch onely with a little oyl, on the tip of the fea- 
 ther,and fo you may prepare a great many together 
 of them withfuch oyls as the Pbyfitian (hall give di- 
 re<ftion,and in the eating of them you fhal find them 
 so warm and comfort your ftomack exceedingly. 
 Some putin their oyles in the boyling of the firrop, 
 but I hold the fir ft to be the better way,both becaufe 
 you may make of feveral forts at once, as alfo for 
 
 that 
 
Art and Nature . j 5 g 
 
 thefeoyls being over heated, do iolea great part of 
 their grace in taft. 
 
 Ila; Divers excellent kinds of kettle Ale to be made 
 with the aforefaid Oyles « 
 
 1 Cannot remember that ever I did drink the like 
 fage Ale at any time, as that which is made by 
 mingling 2 or 3 drops of good oyl of lage, with a 
 quart of Ale,the fame being well brewed out of one 
 pot into another.And this way a whole ftand of fage 
 Ale is fptedily made. The like is to be done with 
 the oyl of Mace or Nutmegs. But if you wil make a 
 a right Goffips cup, that (hall far exceed all the Ale 
 that ever mother Bunch madein her life time, then 
 in the bctlingupof your belt Ale, tun half a pint 
 of White Ypocras that is newly made after the 
 beft receit, and with good fpice, with a pottle of 
 ale j flop your bottle clofe, and drink when it 
 is ftale. I fear fome ale wives, if they had known 
 this receit, privately to themfelves, would have hung 
 out holli-bufhesat their red leuifes, and fo they 
 might have been miftaken for Taverns, of many Ale 
 Knights. Some commend the hanging ofaroalled 
 Orenge prickt lull of Cloves, in the veffel of ale, till 
 you find the taft thereof fufficiently mended to your 
 own liking* 
 
 II 3, Wormwood wins made very (peedily } and in great 
 
 T Xke fmal Rochel,or Conniack wine, put a few 
 drops of the extracted oil of wormwood ther- 
 in,brew it(as before is fet down in the bottle ale) out 
 
 • of: 
 
16 o 
 
 The Iewel-Hwfe of 
 
 of one pot into another , and you fhall have a more 
 neat and wholfome wine for your body, then that 
 wine which is fold at the Stilyard for right Worm- 
 wood wine. And as for their Rhenifh wine, I have 
 heard them fpeak it, whom I dare beleeve, that how 
 many fatts foever be found at once in fome of their 
 eellars,there is none worth the tafting,but that onely 
 which is abroach,and this is a pretty flight to deceive 
 the Purveyor. It may be the reft of the fat?,have not 
 yet received either the brimftone match, or the com- 
 pound fent which they pour in with it,or the hearb 
 GaHitricum^ which I have heard greatly commended 
 that wayjbuthowfoever they lophifticate this wine, 
 I am verily perl waded , by that little acquaintance 
 which I have had with the grapy God , that for the 
 mo ft part,thefe Dutch B:ewers,buy no other wines 
 but Roche!, or Goniack, after 1 4 or 16 pounds the 
 tun.and with fome five or fix {hillings charge upon a 
 far, they draw it again for Rhenifli wine, alter 32 /, 
 the tun. I will nor touch here the felling of new Per- 
 ry inflead of Rhenifh wine in the mu ft, or both 
 together in equal proportion , becaufe I fear I have 
 already vexed the Vintners, who find more profit in 
 their lecret mixtures ? then pleafure in thefc open dif- 
 co veries. 
 
 If 4 . Hew to fweeten the 0)1 of Almonds with the af or e- 
 faidOils^fo as the fame may ferve the Perfumer in - 
 fieadofthe oil of Berm , which is made of the Italian 
 nuts. 
 
 C ^fHufethe neweft and fweeteft Almonds, that 
 ^you can get(you fhall know them by their red- 
 difb colours, and I hold the Barbary Almond, far 
 
 better 
 
Art and Nature , 
 
 t6l 
 
 better then the Jordan Almond for this purpofe Jex - 
 prefs their oil according to the manner hereafter fee 
 dowln, without warming either the Almonds or the 
 ferafen box wherein you put them,leaft they Income 
 rankinafliorc time j after you have drawn fome 
 quantity hereof, let it fettle four or five days^ill all 
 the Ftfces or grounds fail to the bottome^then by de- 
 clination pour away the cleareft,and take a little ther- 
 of,and mingle a few drops of the oil of cloves there- 
 with, ftirring them well together in an apt glafs,thera 
 pour more of rheoylof almonds thereto, working 
 as before, incorporating fo much of the oil of doves 
 therewith, till the fent thereof like you. VViththis 
 oyl thus prepared , the Perfumer may temper his 
 musk^cive^or amber- greace,as he doth wish his oyl 
 of Benn,which ferves for no other purpofe 3 but one; 
 ly to convey fuch ferns, and pc rfumes into the leather 
 as he hath wrought together for the feif fame pur- 
 pofe 3 being it fell of no fent at all. This I write,no£ 
 upon bare imagination, but upon fome proof which 
 I have feen made with the Ample oyl of almonds in 
 gloves of nofmall price. Although I know this oyl 
 to be greatly doubted of by the Perfumers, becaufe 
 in a few months it wil grow fomewhat rank, where- 
 as the fault is in the old almonds which the Apothe- 
 caries do chiefly ufe , becaufe they are more oyly 
 then thofe which are new and frefh. 
 
 And here if a man were difpof ?J(Seria mlfcere j?- 
 cis ) were a fit opportunity todifcourle of a Philo- 
 fophicai contrition of oyls, thereby to deh nd them 
 from putrifa&ion, Alfo if you labour and beat well 
 together fome frefh oyl of Almonds w i:h change of 
 role water , it will ferve inftead of fweet oyntmenr, 
 or Pomatum , to anoint your hands with. So likewile 
 
 Y ' of 
 
l6z 
 
 The Icwel-Houjt of 
 
 of the oil of Cloves, tempered with the oyl of Al- 
 monds to rub a new glove in the infide, to give it a 
 fweet fent in the wearing. Here I could commend 
 the oil of Beech-maftjif it were in yeald according 
 to the report of a Neopolitan writenfor that which 
 is expreffed from the nut, I know to be a moft fweet 
 and delicate Oyl. 
 
 I could here fet down an experienced trial for the 
 alteration of tallow candles,whereby to make them 
 in a manner as fweet in handling, burning, and put- 
 ting out as the wax candle , yet not altogether fo 
 hard j the principal part of which fecretconfifteth 
 in an artificial compofitionof fome of theaforefaid 
 oils.But I muff referve the fame till another edition 
 which I will haften according as I find a thank full 
 acceptance of the fir ft. 
 
 H How to drew Oyl of Wax, Amber } let, T terpen- 
 
 tine , &C« 
 
 T Have here advifedly omitted to fet down at large 
 the drawing of the Oyl of Wax, Amber, |et, Tur- 
 pentine, &c. becaule moft of them are offenfivc m 
 fmell. Yet let this in a word or two fuffice, that all 
 of them ( except the oil of Turpentine ) are to be 
 drawn in fand , and moft aptly by way of retort, 
 which fome do alfo ufe to lute over, with lome and 
 flocks well tempered together: and becaufethofe 
 undfuous and fwelling bodies fhall not rife up into 
 the helm, they ufe to fupprefs them, by the addition 
 of clean wafhed fand, powder of glaffe,tileftones,and 
 fuch like. And as for the oil of Turpentine,it wil rife 
 by a gentle baineo , in a cucurbite of glafs or ftone, 
 having a. helm of glafs luted thereunto, Qre, If it will 
 
 not 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 I <? 3 
 
 uot rife from water out of a brafs pot, according to 
 the manner of the oyls of hearbs, and f pices, before 
 fetdown. 
 
 l i6.0f exprejjed Oyls. 
 
 O F all the afore faid feeds & fpices,as there may 
 be an oil drawn by afcention, fo likewife there 
 may be an oyl had by expreffion, yea many fimples 
 will yeeld their oil by expreffion, which will yeeld 
 none at all by afcen- 
 tion} but as you fhal 
 have much more 
 quantity of Oyl this 
 way, either from the 
 Nutmegs , Cloves , 
 
 Mace,&e»fo the fame 
 is much grofferthen 
 the other, and more 
 fit for outward ap- 
 plications then in- 
 ward medicines, ne* 
 verthcleffe, they car- 
 ry a ftrong and full 
 lent of the arotnati- 
 cal body, fro whence 
 they are drawn , and 
 
 
l6q. The Jewel- Moufe of 
 
 have alfo their elpecial ufes. The manner whereof is 
 this. Beat your {pice or feeds, throughly well in a 
 done mortar, and thruft them clofe into a piece ©f 
 haircloth, or French boulter, ( which before hand 
 you mud placein your mettaline box, that hath a 
 little lofe iron grate in the bottom ) then lap up the 
 hair cloth, laying the weight upon it, which preffeth 
 down the fpice, and fhuts clofe into the box. Then 
 put this box with the cover, between the fidesof 
 your iron prefs, which you may lay overthwart a 
 joyned'flo'olj placing the no fe of your box, fo as it 
 may crop into a pewter piece, which of purpofe you 
 mufl place underneath the fame, then give a turn 
 now andthen with an iron pinne totheferew, till 
 you fee no more Oyl to idue, ( fometogainrhe 
 more oy!, infufe the {pices in the Oyl of fweet Al- 
 monds firft.) Note that your feeds and fpices, and 
 the b^x .with the other implements, muft be war- 
 med, before you exprefTcj and in cold weather, it is 
 bed working in a warm place, if you mean to have 
 ftore of oil. This way you may purchafe a mod ex- 
 cellent fwcet oyl of eggs, if you do firft road 
 them till they be through hard , and then take the 
 yolks oncly, and crumble them very {mail, putting 
 th 3m into a little pewter piece, and fet the fame in a 
 hot Balneo, till all the watrifh humour be evapo- 
 rated, and then prefs out your Oyl, according to the 
 afortfud manner. This oyl is of a more beaurifull 
 colour, and not foblackifh, as that which ismade 
 after the grade manner in a frying pan, which imels 
 and tads of aduflion. It is commended efpecially in 
 a burn, and for taking away the inflamatioo and heat 
 of gun powder* Thus much I have thought conve- 
 nient to fet down for the perfe&ing of this branch of 
 
Art and Nature • 1 
 
 the Spagirical Art. And now I will proceed to Tome 
 other neceflary knowledges in the art of diftillatiorr, 
 concerning fuch matters as I am affured that every 
 Gentlewoman that delights in chimical pradhfcs, 
 will be willing to learn. 
 
 1 17, How to make Cinamon water* 
 
 *J*He bed way is firft in abrafs pot with a pewter 
 < Limbeck, to diftil from two or three gallons of 
 fack 3 or mufcadel, fo much fpirit or Aqua vit^e as 
 will afcend 3 then pour that fpirit upon as many gal- 
 lons of fair water, ptmingto every gallon of wat^l 
 and fpirit, a pound of choice Cinamon firft bruifed- 
 lute the joints of your pot and Limbeck 3 as before in 
 the extradhon of the aromatical oyls 3 keeping the 
 bucket in the head of the Limbeck cold 3 with 
 change of water, and fo draw as long as you find a- 
 ny reafonabletafteof the Cinamon. This of all the 
 ordinary wayes is the beft that I know»But if you in- 
 lufe your bruifed Cinitnon* in fpirit of wine onely 3 
 or in the fpirit drawn from fack lees, or ftrong ale, 
 untill you have gotten out by imbibition^!! the tine- 
 ture 3 taft,and ftrength of the Cinarnon 3 which wil be 
 in ieven or eight days 3 and then if you adde a new 
 proportion of fair water 3 or rather of damask rofe- 
 water unto it 5 and fo diftil in a gfaffe body and head 
 in Baloeo, well luted in the joyncs 3 I think you will 
 find this the moft profitable.and moft artificial way 
 of all others. And leaft you happen to be deceived in 
 ihe ftrength of your cinamon water 3 you muft laft e- 
 very flick of cinamon by it felf , before you buy it, 
 yea and the fame at either end, or elfe you may hap - 
 pen to be deceived* If when you lave drawn your 
 
 Y 5 Cinamon 
 
Thelewel-Houfe of 
 
 1 66 
 
 Cynamon water ,you like not to have it of a thick @c 
 cloudy colour,as commonly it falls out in this man* 
 ner of di {filiation: lome hold opinion, that it will be- 
 come clear, onely by iunning it in an hot lunny day 
 or two ; and lome ule to circulate the lame in Bal*» 
 neo till it clarifie. But I have found it an infallible 
 way, to have the lame clear at the firft drawing, by 
 diddling the lame in a copper Balneo, with a Lamp 
 onely, or lo gentle a heat as may not be idle, and yet 
 procure but a loft and ealie dift illation. And I 
 think this was Do&or Bur cots way, who thought 
 himfelf very cunning in the diftilling thereof: be- 
 caufe there was not much clear Cinamon water to 
 be had in his days. 
 
 ! 1 8 . How to moke the extr&Slion of all Herbs, 
 
 S Ome are fo curious in this work, as that no o- 
 ther water,but the diftilled water of the herb on- 
 ly will fatisfie there fancy herein, although I lee no 
 great difference between the fame, and an ordinary 
 water firft diftilled and divided from his impurities; 
 but let the Chymift, now he knows them both, take 
 which he lift, fori do reft indifferent, faving that I 
 find it an infinite matter to diftil fo much Water as 
 will be reqnifite for the gathering of any quantity of 
 this fubflance, or tinifture as lome term it. But with 
 whether of them foever you begin, you rnuft pro- 
 ceed in this manner. After you have macerated great 
 ftore of the Herb in leveral waters, until fuch time 
 as you find each water deeply died, or tinned with 
 the colour of the Herb ; then having a large Balneo, 
 wherein you may place divers bodies of glafs at 
 once, you muft evaporate all the water untill in the 
 
 end 
 
. Art and Nature. 
 
 167 
 
 — ——————— ■ ■ — ™ — * " — — - — - 
 
 end you leave nothing elfe hut a ft iff and dry lub- 
 ftanee, which our Chymifts caIl,theexra<ftion of the 
 Herb. Some chufe rather to work upon the dry herb 
 then the moift, & all] e centra. But if you work up- 
 on thediftilled water oF the Herb, as upon the Role, 
 Balm, Baglo(s ,Carduus benediBwfit any luch other 
 Water of good ufe or account, then it isnotamifs 
 to lute or let your heads of giafs alfo upon the bo- 
 dies, with receivers,thereby to receive the water that 
 alcends, fo as there may be no lofs of your diftilled 
 waters, and yet alfo you any attain to that lecond 
 water which you expe&* This extradiion 1 have 
 heard highly commended of many Artifttp ancfft 
 may be it hath lome better ules in PhyfickpbenI 
 know or can imagine. But if 1 lhal deliver-flune opi- 
 nion thereof, I think it to be the fine and fubtile earth 
 of the Herb or Flower, out of the which lome curi- 
 ous Limner may draw lome excellent colour lor his 
 work, if he make choile of the flower de Luce, white 
 Role, blew Bottle, Marigold, or fome fueh other 
 Flower as is of any deep tin&ure : but I perfwade 
 my felf, that no Philofophical Vulcanift,or perfect 
 Paracelfian, will ever find any true magiftery,tit?dl- 
 ure, quintelTence,or Arcanum therein. 
 
 ti 9», How to make Salt of Herbs. 
 
 B Urn whole bundles of dried Rofemary, Sage,!’ 
 fop, &c.in a clean.©ven 3 and when you have ga- 
 thered good ftore of the allies of the Herb, infufe 
 warm water upon them, and make a itrong & fharp 
 Lee of thofe afhes j then evapora e that Lee, and the 
 refidence or feeling which you find in the bottoms 
 thereof i is the fait you feck lor. This fait, according 
 
The lewel-Houfe of 
 
 16% 
 
 to the nature of the herb s hath his operation or ufe in 
 Phy fick,and in my conceit doth work greater eflfe&s 
 in the ftomack then any of the aforefaid extra&ions* 
 Some ule to filter this Lee divers times, that their 
 fait may be the clearer, and more tranfparenr. But 
 becaufe the word Filter is a word of Art,and not ua- 
 derftood by all, let me tell fo many as know not al- 
 ready, that it fignifies,The making up of a brown pa- 
 $>er in the nature of a funnel, then pour in your Li- 
 quor and let it run through at its leifure. 
 
 klo 0 How to draw and reBifie a Spirit of wine in di~ 
 zers manners well with fire as without fire . 
 
 I F you would difpatch any great q uantity thereof, 
 _ you muft have a large Balneo, which is no more 
 then to place your glafs body 5 which holds the mat- 
 ter to be diftilled, in a convenient veffel of water, 
 when the water is coldffor fear ot breaking! and put 
 a wifp of draw or Hay in the botrome under if, and 
 make the water boil in a veflfel wherein you may 
 place fix or eight glafs bodies at once, with their 
 helms and receivers 3 each of them faftned to a leadea 
 trivetjthit they may ftand fteady in the wner,whcre* 
 in you may put fome Hay it you pleafe, pour into 
 each of them a reasonable quantity of the oldeft and 
 mightieft Sack,MaImfey,or Mufcadel,becauie thefe 
 wines are ftrengeft.and yeeld mo ft Spirit. Your fire 
 muft be loft and gentle, fo as you may teii eight or 
 ten bee ween every drop that falls. Draw no longer 
 then til! you may perceive long veins in the trials, 
 for if they once grow dewie, or ftand fullofdfrops, 
 then you may allure your f elf, that all the fpirit is 
 gone 3 and the flegmatick part of the wine afeends ; 
 
 yet 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 1 6 $ 
 
 yet there be divers , and thofe of good judgement, 
 who do moft conftantly affirm, that before the veins 
 appear in the helm, the fubtilcft fpirit of all doth a- 
 rife in a dry and infeafible fume, which condcnfacing 
 by the coldneffe of the air,doth tefolve into drops in 
 the receiver. Somedoufe at the fir ft pint always to 
 change the receiver, and lo divide that which comes 
 firft by it felf frofn the reft, putting all the faint fpi- 
 rit together. And then redtifie them fevcrally in the 
 like bodies and helms by a fecond diftillation, in the 
 aforefaid Balneo , and they never leave to reiterate 
 their diftillations, untill by making trya! of a little 
 thereof in a fpoon , they find the fame being kindled 
 to burn all away. Some fallen a fpungein the mouth 
 of the gia(Tebudy,and fome cover the mouth of the 
 glafs with an oiled paper, and fo perfwade them- 
 fclves.that nothing but perfedt fpirit will penetrate 
 either the fpunge or paper,and fome put the crum of 
 a white loaf in the bottom of the glals,thinking ther- 
 s by to fuck and drink up all the faint part of the fpi- 
 rir. But I have found by mine own experieu^, that 
 after there is once drawn a pint, or a pint^Md= l a half 
 of fpirit from a gallon of good wine, if the fame be 
 put into a large bolt receiver as they term itfwhich 
 is a glafs having a long (harp fteal of the 
 bignefs of a musket, or double musket 
 bore, with a great round hollow ball in 
 the bottom containing fome pottle, or 
 gallon, or two or three, ifyoucanget 
 them fo large (for the greater in content 
 the better for this purpofe 'this bolt glafs 
 omftbe well fattened to a leaden trivet 
 and then if the fpirit that is fo grofsly 
 drawn, be put therein , fetting a fmalhelm of glals 
 
 Z that 
 
The Imel-Houje of 
 
 that may fit the fteal, with a receiver at it, then the 
 pure fpirit onely wiil afcend 5 and the flegmatick part 
 not being able to mount fo highballs down again to 
 the bottom as faft|as it rifeth 3 and fo at once re£Ufy- 
 ing,you (hall haveyour fpirit perfed enough.Others 
 thinking to arain to a quinteffence, or at lead to an 
 oyl of wine, that will fleet and fwim upon any other 
 wine: they begin with a long circulation of the wine, 
 fir ft either in a Pellican,or other large circling glaftj 
 placing the fame either in horfe dung,or in a Balneo, 
 or feme other fuch like digefting heat, by the fpace 
 either of a moneth,or two, or three, every one accor- 
 ding to his fancy ytnd then they fall to their divifion 
 or diftillationby a foft fire, keeping that by it felf 
 which comes firft, as a mo ft rare and excellent Spi- 
 rit. And ail this while, if I be not deceived, we have 
 gotten nothing elfe but the fiery part of the wine, cr 
 rather the burning Aqua, <vii& both of the Wine and 
 Tartar together, chat are urged up by fire to knit 
 themfelves both fpiritually and inseparable together. 
 Then let us fee if any truer divifion may be made 
 without this Bilneo,or any other outward heat what 
 loever : nay, let us confider what may be done in a 
 frofty furnace, where the Northern winds muftflir 
 up nature in ftead of glowing coals.Here l afraid ei- 
 ther my wit or my will, will foon be frozen up, ne- 
 venhelels fince 1 am entred fo far, I vyil either break 
 the Ice, or venture a fall, audit 1 flip, you fhallfee 
 how I wil iroftnail my fell the nex: time that I ride 
 abroad in fuch hard weather. I dare nor here com- 
 mend that new coiiceipted way of rowling up and 
 down a large veffelof wine many hours t©gethcr,or 
 after the fame hath wrought upon the feas, fo fo on 
 as it comes to fhOiC, prefemly to clap on a glaffe 
 
 helm 
 
Art and Nature 0 1 7 1 
 
 helm upon the bung- hole being open, and luting the 
 lame ciofe to the Cask, to receive that fpirit which 
 nature in her heat will fuddenly breath out 5 and yet 
 I will not altogether condemn the invention, it fueh 
 a workman have it in hand as is able to bring the fto- 
 mack of wine into a kindly fwear* But fuppofe this 
 to be a right and natural diftillation, though it be 
 temperately performed, and without any forreign 
 fire, it is not that extream cold and congealed work 
 that was promifed* But what if I (hould lend you 
 into FrizelaBd,or Rufhia, or Mufcovy, or into fome 
 other place near unto the Northern pole? and there 
 wil you 5 afr£r Paracelfm his manner, to lay abroad in- 
 to the open air, either a But of Sack or Mukadel,till 
 the fame were congealed into a hard mafs or lump 
 of Ice,and then piercing the veffel even to the center* 
 with fome aptinftrument of Iron, to pour out that 
 inward life or fpirit which had retired^r withdrawn 
 it lelf from the outward cold Jnto the warm ion or 
 cattle of nature 2 I am afraid you would rather for- 
 1 wear the trial, then take fo long a journey in hand* 
 Then let us fee what may be done in this kind in our 
 own countrey, though not in fo great a quantity* I 
 have found by thole few trials which I have made in 
 London, that if in an extream and fibarp weather in 
 the winter time, aglafsof wine containing a pint, or 
 half a pint in meafure, and being well flopped with 
 Cork and Brimftone, or fome other ftrong lute, be 
 ex poled to the air on the top of fome high leads,that 
 the fame will oftentimes congeal and freeze in one 
 night within the glafs, fo as there will not remain a- 
 bove a moyety,yea many times a third part onely of 
 the wine unfrozen, which you fhail find fo deep of 
 
 hue and coloured fo mighty in firength and tafte,as 
 
 7. o thifr 
 
The Jewel- Houfe of 
 
 that the beft Galcoign wine that comes from Burde- 
 aux wil teem but Roche! winedri comparifon there- 
 of, Here we have an entrance made into nature, and 
 fince we have gotten luchhold 3 let us gather in more 
 upon her. Peradventure if the glafTes were as thin as 
 any vial, fmal in content, round, and of an orbicular 
 form, rifing up with fmall long necks, and the fame 
 were placed Northerly either in fnow, or water, or 
 rather in water wherein lome {tore of Salt peter 
 hath been firft diffolved, to make the water more in- 
 wardly cold; or peradventure if before the flop- 
 ping of your glafs you did diffolve fome reafonable 
 proportion of fnow water into your wine, that either 
 fome one of thefe helps,or all together might work 
 a perfedfc congelation of the faint and flegmatick part 
 of the wine, and fo you might attain to your defire. 
 But without all peradventure, there may be(by fome 
 means that are known but to a few)fuch an outward 
 continued cold maintained round about the glafs, as 
 that in any reafonable cold weather the fpirit may 
 be forced to fly inwardly for fuccour into his own 
 bo fome, and being once driven to this ftraight, I ac- 
 count him but a Ample Chymift that cannot fetch 
 him our, and divide him from the reft of his grofle 
 body. Prove the freezing of Ale or Beer, or of the 
 fmalleft kind of wine, for they are hkelieft to freeze, 
 becaiafe they contain but fmal ftore of fpirit in them. 
 Although I have feen even Sack it felf gather a thin 
 icie cruft in one nights freezing. 
 
 1 2 1 . To make Claret wine to mount up in 
 & red Cloude into a Glaffe of Conduit e 
 water. 
 
 Caufe 
 
jirt and Nature. 
 
 *73 
 
 C Aufe a glafs to be made of the fafhion of thofe 
 which are commonly ufed in hour glaffes, but 
 of fome greater content, and with a Jels Up, fill the 
 fame full of fair warer,and whelm 
 it upon the mouth (which becaufe 
 it is (mall, and wants air, no drop 
 will iffue thereat ) then put it into 
 a Beer glafs of the form here de- 
 fcribed, being altnoft full of Cla- 
 ret Wine$ and if you hold the 
 lame wifely, and that the Glaffes 
 fit one another, you (hall (ee the 
 Claret Wine afcend in the form 
 of a Cloud, and that which re- 
 maineth in the neather Glaffe to 
 be exceeding faint both in ta(t and colour. If either 
 the tin&ure alone, or the (pirit of Wine did here 
 afcend, and fo incorporate it felf with the water, I 
 would hold it for a rare (?cret,and a light into fome 
 further matter; but I fear you will find nothing elfe 
 therein, but that when two bodies touch each other, 
 thit the wine being the lighter leeks the upper place. 
 And yet / mult needs commend thte invention of that 
 honelt and learned Gentleman from whom / had ir 3 
 and no doubt 6eforethe ddcovery thereof, it would 
 have been thought an admirable conceit, to have 
 made two'fevefal glaffes to have exchanged their li- 
 quors, without any other means. i 
 
 1 2 3 . To extras the Spirit of any vegetable fr Herb. 
 
 V 
 
 Irft dry your Herb,then put it in Balneo, and let 
 it infufe eight hours, or one whole night j Then 
 
 ‘ in 
 
 Balneo, 
 
: * 74 
 
 The Iewel- Houfe of 
 
 Balneo, and diftillitin Alembico^ and when you per- 
 ceive a gum to remain, and hath a full tin&ureof the 
 herb, take the top of that gum and infule it in the li- 
 quor you have diftilled in Balneo, then filter it 
 through a paper, then diftill it again in Balneo, and 
 you fhall have the true fpiric of the hearb or vege- 
 getable.This was delivered me by the Ion and heir of 
 a Nobleman, who received it of one of the greateft 
 pradtifers of my time, and if it anfwer the title, I am 
 glad that it was my good hap to light upon it. 
 
 1 344 How to give a pretty grace hoth in ta(f and pro- 
 perty to the fpirit of wine. 
 
 X F you infule the fame upon the rind of a civil 
 fower Orenge,orLimon,you fhall find a pleafant 
 and comfortable taft thereby , or if you would not 
 have the fame defcried by his c©lour,you may redi- 
 ftil the fpirit fo tinned in ba'neo.Some give a touch 
 unto the fpirit of wine with rofemary, fome with 
 Anni-feedSjfome with fweec Fenne!-feeds:fom with 
 one feed, or hearb, and fome with another,by infufing 
 she fame a day or two upon them. 
 
 X 2 y.How to draw the fpirit of Honey. 
 
 A Fteryou have fiffolved fufficient (lore of ho- 
 .ny in fair water , to make a good Metheglen, 
 anithatrhe fame hath- wrought a reafonable time 
 by the addition of yea ft, according to the manner of 
 beer, and ale, then when the fame is grown unto a 
 ftrong and mighty drink by lying, you may draw a 
 fpirit from it,by diftillation,as you do either from 
 Wine, Ale, or Beer. 
 
 iii.How 
 
Art and Nature. 175 
 
 1 2 6. Now to dijtil Rofe*water^oth good cheapo and at 
 Michellmkfle^and to have as good yeeld as at any o- 
 ther time of the year . 
 
 I N the pulling of your rofes^firft divide all the bla» 
 fted ieaves 3 then take the other frefh leaves 3 and lay 
 them lay abroad upon your table or Windows 5 with 
 fome clean linnen under them. Let them lie three or 
 four hour$*or a halfday, but if they be gathered in 
 dew 3 then lay them abroad as before, till all the deavr 
 be vanifhed and gone f rom them 5 put ehefeRofe- 
 leaves into great flone pots that be leaded within s 
 and well dried, ( fuchas the Gold liners call their 
 Hookers 5 and ferve to receive their Aqua fortisjae the 
 bell of all others that I know * ) And when they are 
 well filled 5 flop their mouths with good corks all 
 covered over with melted brimftone, and then fee 
 your pots in feme cool place , and they will keep a 
 long time good 5 and you may (Mill them at their 
 beft leifure. This way you may diftili Rofe^ water 
 good cheap, if buying ftore of Rofes when you find 
 a glut of them in the market, whereby they are fold 
 for feven pence or eight pence thebufhel , you put 
 them up as before. And feme hold opinion, that if 
 in the mid ft' of thefe leaves, you pu t fome leaven,and 
 after fill up the pot with role leaves to the top, that 
 fo you fhall have a rofe-vinegar from the rok in 
 your diftillation , without the addition of any vine- 
 gar at all. Y ou may alfo keep them in glaffe^ and I 
 have known them kept in little rundless , that have 
 been fit ft well feaioned with iome hot liqUGr , and 
 rofe*leaves boiled together, and the fame pitcht all 
 over on the outfide, fo as no air might penetrate the 
 ' ■ ' ~ veffeL 
 
The level- Houfe of 
 
 veffel.Qy*. If any fpirit will a(cend,if you make re- 
 paration ol that which rifeth from the role leave* 
 kept as before. Some for the more expedition in 
 rofe-water do firft exprefle the juyce,and then diftil 
 it.-and and afterward they do alfo diftil the expreffed 
 leaves, and fo they dif patch more with one ft ill then 
 others do with three or four* I have feen very good 
 rofe-water drawn this way, but yet I take the ordi- 
 nary way to be more kindly efpecially if the head 
 of your ftill be made like a Limbeck with a large 
 bucket to hold ftore of cold water. And feme com- 
 mend the diftillation of the rofe,violefjCOuflip, &c. 
 that is performed by the defeenfory , having alfo a 
 cooler of cold water about it , which at a certain 
 cock you may empty as it heats from time to time, 
 and fill with frefh water again. 
 
 1 2 7 t How to dry rofe- leaves or any other fugle flowers 
 in fuch [hope as they grow without any wrinclesflo as 
 a bufhel of moifl leaves fhaU become a bufhel in mea- 
 fure when they be dryland how to keep rofe cakes ,and 
 rofe- leaves all the year without worms . 
 
 I F you would perform the fame in rofe- leaves,you 
 muft in rofe time make choice of fuch roles as 
 are neither in the bud,nor full blownf for thefe have 
 the fmootheft leaves of all other ) which you muft 
 efpecially cull and chufe from the reft. Then take 
 of right Callis fand, and wafh the lame in fome 
 change of waters,and dry it throughly well either in 
 an oven s or in the fun,and having fhallow,fquare, or 
 long boxes, of fou'r^r five, or fix inches deep, make 
 firft an even lay of fttnd in the bottome , upon the 
 which lay your rofe* leaves one by one (fo as no one 
 
Art and Nature* 
 
 of them touch another ) till you have covered all the 
 land: then with a fpooo, or with your hand, ft rew 
 fand upon thefe leaves till you have thinly covered 
 them all , and then make another lay of rofedeaves 
 upon the fand, and fo make firatum fuper firatum for 
 four or five lays one upon another. Set this box a- 
 broad in fome warm place,in a hot funny day ( and 
 commonly in two hot days they will be throughly 
 dry)then with your hand or a fpoon 3 you mu ft ft rive 
 gently to get underneath them,and fo to lift them up 
 without breaking. Keep thefe leaves in jar glafles 
 bound about with paper>or parchment,in fome cup* 
 board that is near a chimney, or ftove, leaft other- 
 wile by the damp of the air they relent again., and fo 
 you lofe your labour. I find the red rofe-leaf beft 
 for this purpofe, by reafon of his deep colour. You 
 may alfo dry Paunfies,S£ock gilJiflowers,and ocher 
 Angle flowers, fuch as will hold their colour beft, 
 in this manner, by taking away the ftalks, and prick- 
 ing them one by one into the fand , and fo preffing 
 their leaves fmooth with the other fand, which you 
 mull lay upon therm And fo you may have role- 
 leaves and other flowers to lay about your bafons, 
 windows, and court cupboards all the winter long, 
 Alfo this skil is very requifite for agcod Amplifier, 
 bccaufehe may dry the, leaf of any hear b, in this 
 manner, and lay it being dry in his herball, with the 
 fitnple which it reprelenteth, whereby he may eafily 
 learn to know the names of all fimples which be 
 defireth.The ordinary drying ofRole-leaves,is to lay 
 them upon hot leads, in a hot funny day,and the foon- 
 er you difpatch , the better they will keep their co- 
 lour, and feent. And when you have dried them 
 throughly , you may fill a Rofe-water glaffc there- 
 
 A a with 
 
The Iewel-Houfe of 
 
 with, flopping it clofe , and fo they will laft good a 
 long time. 
 
 The powder of Rofe*leaves,and fo alfo of all other 
 hearbs and flowers, may fee kept from all outward 
 accidents for one years fpaee, if there be any reafo* 
 nabje care ufed therein. 
 
 If you would keep your Rofe-cakes without 
 worms 3 youmuft now and then, when you have 
 drawn your bread out of the oven, fee them in, in 
 iieves,or upon papers 3 and foof your rofe-leaves-and 
 if you hang them up in paper bags, near feme chim- 
 ney where fire is fometimes made,you fhali be fure 
 to keep them fweet and good, for anyufe for which 
 they will (erve , although I know divers that keep 
 their role- leaves onely according to the manner be- 
 fore fet down. 
 
 i 2 8. Rofe-w at errand Rofe • vine gar the colour of the 
 Rofe^and fo of the Cow flip and V to let • vinegar* 
 
 S Ome infufe rofe* water upon snoifl red rofe- 
 leaves , and fo fet it abroad on fun; ung for a few 
 days, but this colour cannot laft long, but if you 
 would make your role- water, and role, vinegar of a 
 perfeft ruby colour, then make choife ofthecrim- 
 ion velvet coloured leaves,clipping away the whites 
 with a pair of (beers , and being through dry pur a 
 good large handfull of them into a pint of damask, 
 or red rofe-water, flop your glafs well, and fet it in 
 the fun till you fee that the leaves have loft their co- 
 lourjor for more expedition you may perform this 
 work in baineo in a few hours , and when you take 
 out the old leaves put in f refh, till you find the co- 
 lour to pleafe you $ keep this rofe* water in glaffes 
 

 Art and Nature, 
 
 *79 
 
 very wel ftopt,and the fuller the better. What I have 
 faid ofrofe-water the fame may be intended of rofe- 
 vinegar/violet, marigold, and cow flip vinegar, but the 
 whiter the vinegar you chufe for this purpofe you 
 fhai have it the better coloured, & therfore the diftil- 
 led vinegar is the beft of all others, fo as the fame be 
 waniy diftilled with a true divifion of the parts made 
 according as hereafter is fet down,but fom do highly 
 commend fuch vinegar as is made ofelder flowers, 
 choicely pickt,and wel dried before imbibition. 
 
 I igyHevpto diftill wine vinegar ,or good Aligeyjih&t 
 it may be both clear 3 and [harp for fauce^r other ufes. 
 
 J Know it is a ufual manner among the novices of 
 our time to put a quart or two of good vinogir, 
 into an ordinary leaden A ill, and fo diftill it as they 
 do al other waters. But this way I do utterly difltke, 
 both for that here is no feparation made at all, and al- 
 fo becaui'e I fear the vinegar doth carry an ill touch 
 with it either from the leaden bottom, or pewter 
 head, or both. And therefore I could wifh rather the 
 fame were diftilled in a large body ofglafs,witha 
 head or receiver , the fame being placed in land or 
 afhes.And note that the beft part of the vinegar, is the 
 middle part thatarifes, for the firft is faint and fleg- 
 matick,and the lift will taft of aduftion, because it 
 grows heavy towards the latter end, and mull be ur- 
 ged up with a good fire,and therefore you muft now 
 and then taft of that which comes both in the begin- 
 ning, and towards the latter end , that you may rc- 
 fervethe beft by it felt. Here I could alfo advife,or 
 wifh all Ladies and gentlewomen to have all their 
 vinegar ferved in at their tables in fawcers of glafle, 
 
 A * * nr 
 
iBo The Jewel- Houfe of 
 
 or Purflain a becaufeif it be ftrong and continue long 
 in a pewter fawcer, it hath an intention towardce- 
 rufe, which I could never hear commended either 
 for wholfome meat, or fawce lor a mans ftomack. 
 But it may be this is but one Dodtours opinion, and 
 that of fuch a one as never delerved his degree in 
 fchoois^and therefore I will leave the fame at large * 
 untill lome better dark do hereafter confirm this 
 green conceit. Here I cannot omit the profitable ob- 
 lervation of one of our London Chimifis,whoaftes 
 he had drawn good Ipirit out of wine from muska- 
 de],did by Sunning of the fame alfo male good vine-; 
 gar, the feical part thereof* 
 
 i 3 o pHow to keep the )ujce of Orenges and Limns aU 
 the year/er fawceju/epps^and other purpo[e$ 9 
 
 J Know no reafon why the juyee of the Limon, or 
 Orenge {houldnot keep as well in fmall wooden 
 v eflfel$,as either vergis 5 Cider 5 or Perry, and it may be 
 the want of trial hath onely proceeded of the charge 
 that would arife in filling of a fmal veffel onely With 
 fuch liquor .But how then have we forgotten to pro- 
 vide our {lore in glaffes which we may fill with a 
 fmal charge, when oreoges are to be had for 1 2 pence 
 or 16 pence the hundred I Let us then expreffc their 
 |uyce,and pafs it through an hypocras bag to the end 
 it may be the better clarified from all his impurities: 
 with this juyee fill up a rofe- water glaffe ( of 
 what content you pleafej within an inch of full, cover 
 the fame with a loofe cap of leather till it have done 
 his boiling, which I have feen continue many days 
 together, and when it becomes ftill and quiet in the 
 |op a then fill up your glaffe with good Sailer Oyl, 
 
Art and Nature „ 
 
 i8£ 
 
 and then let it in a cool clofet, or buttery wherein 
 no fun commetb. But the apteft glaffes which I can 
 imagine for this purpofe were {freight upright ones, 
 like to pur long beer giafTes, which 1 would have to 
 be made of purpofe at the glaffe-houfe , with fmall 
 round holes within two inches of the botiome a in 
 which holes I would place fit faucets to draw the 
 juyce therear,as I fhould have caufe to fpend ir*And 
 lo the grounds or lees would fettle to thebotrome, 
 and the oyl would fink down with the juyce fo 
 clofely , as that no ayr could enter to begin any pu~ 
 trifa&ion therein 3 orinftead of holes it there were 
 glaffe pipes, it were the better, and the readier way, 
 becaule you (ball hardly fatten a faucet well in the 
 hole* You may alfo in this manner preferve many 
 juices of herbs, that carry feme ftore of heat,and fire 
 in thereby covering them a reafonable thicknefs with 
 fallec oifiBut there is a better way then this by many 
 degrees^ although this be fufficient for any ordinary 
 ®fe ) for the long and true prefervation of all juyees, 
 and liquon,wbatfoever*that have had nodigeftion,or 
 deco&ion aiready,wherein neither oil, nor any out* 
 ward help is rcquired,but onely a truc,and Philofo- 
 phical rotation whereby the inward fire of nature 
 may be ftirred up in every vegetable , to defend it 
 felt fufficiently againft all putrifying whatfoever c . 
 And fo I have kept both the juyce of cowflips which 
 (if I be not deceived Jwill not laft long by any ordi- 
 nary courle of preferving, and the juyce of Orengss 
 fimply of themfelves without any addition, as found 
 andperfed at the years end , as they were the firtt: 
 day or rather ( to fpeak truly ) fomewhat exalted in 
 kind. But becaufe fuch fecrets are fitter for a Philo- 
 fophers laboratory^then a gentk womans clofer 3 f ml. 
 , " ' ~ ' % ~ gosi 
 
Thtltml-Houfe of 
 
 not here offer that difgrace unto nature, to difeover 
 any magiftery upon fo bale an occafion* And as con- 
 cerning the keeping of Orenges and Limoas in the 
 fame ttate,bignefs,colour,& tafias they are brought 
 us out of Spain, or Portugal. may be that in my 
 next labours I wil write *r large thereof, and in plain 
 teems, according to thole undoubted and approved 
 trials which I have often made in mine own houfe 
 for many years together. 
 
 13 I. Howto purifie and give an excellent fmell and 
 tad unto fatiet Oyl m 
 
 T Have laboured the more to attain unto this fecrer, 
 J becaufe 1 know that Oyle is a moft excellent and 
 wholefome food,|and yet my ftomack hath alwayes 
 abhorred the lame, til of late, that I found the means 
 to tale away the fulfome talk thereof.But firy of all 
 let us fee what Mr. Bartholomew Scappim , the matter 
 Cook of Pope Tim Quintus, his privie Kitchin, hath 
 written in this behalf. He willeth to heat the Oyl in a 
 clean pipkin,and when it is through hot, to put theie- 
 in a piece ol bread or of dough, flittering the fame to 
 remain in the Oyl by the fpace of one fifth part of 
 an hour : And this bread or dough will draw unto 
 it felf all the muitie and bad tafte or lent of the Oyl, 
 and fo the Oyl will remain pure and clean. And in 
 another place he willeth, to take fuchOylasis not 
 rank, or over ftrong in lent fand if the fame Oyl be 
 made of chofen Olives, it is by fo much the better 
 then the common fort) and to put the lame in a vef- 
 1 el of Earth or Copper, that hath a little hole in the 
 bottome thereof, which you may flop with wax to 
 openatplealurc. In this veffcl for every quart of 
 
I 
 
 Art and Nature . 
 
 Oyl add four quarts of fair water,and with a wood- 
 den fparle or Ipoon, beat them well together for a 
 quarter of an hours fpace 3 and when you have fo 
 done, open the hole in the bottotne - and let out the 
 watery for the Oyl doth naturally fleet above, as be- 
 ing the lighter body : and as foon as the water is paf- 
 fed away,ftop the hole, and put mother cold water, 
 and begin a new agitation as before, and work in the 
 like manner divers times as you did at the firft,titl 
 in the end the oyl be well clenfed and darified.In the 
 fame manner you may alfo purifie all other forts of 
 Oyle, as alfo Capons greafe being firft melted, but 
 then it (hould feem you muft ufe warm water in 
 ftead of cold, A1 this is borrowed of the Popes cook, 
 §*retU the Oyl had been beaten the laft time in role- 
 water wherein cloves or nutmegs had been infufed 
 before. And for the fpeedier clarifying thereof ^af- 
 ter your aforefaid agitations are pa ft > you may fet 
 your Oy] either in a ftove,or in the fun till it become 
 clear. A Grocer of good skill did aflure mc,that by 
 fetting of falec Oyl in the fun in the furnmer time, he 
 had feen the fame to iesde great ftore of foul and 
 grofs lees, from the which by declination he poured 
 out the clear oy hand kepi: it till the next winter, and 
 after the fame had been congealed with fome frofty 
 weadier 5 he found it the moft fwcet and dcledable 
 oil that ever he tailed in his life. But an oj man of 
 lorne experience told me that if fomebruifed Nut- 
 megs were hung in a courfe bag in the mid ft of the 
 Gy],that in time the larne wouldiovercoe any bad & 
 loth fome raft that by fome accident had infe&ed the 
 Oyl,and give ic alfo a pleafant fent withall,or if you 
 fet a jar in Balneo/ull oi waflied oil as before,with 
 iome fto^e of bruited cloves* and rinds of civil O- 
 
 renses 
 
184 
 
 The lewel-Houfe of 
 
 rcnges or Limon$,and fo continue your fire, for two 
 or three hours , and then letting the cloves and rinds 
 remain in oil 3 till both the taft and lent do pleafc you* 
 I think that many men which at this day do loath oil 
 (as I my fell did within thefe few months ) will be 
 drawn to a fufficient liking thereof* Ido know a 
 means how to make a deje&ion of the lee or faeces 
 of the beft fallet oyl, that comes over, whereby the 
 fame will become moft pure and dear, but I fear 
 that Saturn would frown upon me ( if without his 
 leave ) I ftiould fo boldly intermeddle with his 
 charge* 
 
 132, Howto d/JJofae both Coral and 
 dearie* 
 
 JNfule the juyce of Limons that is clear, and hath 
 fetlecf bis refidence upon the powder of pearl, and 
 it will diffolve the fame, by the experience of a learn- 
 ed Phifician who hath made proof thereof 3 and given 
 the fame with very good fucceffe in hot burning 
 Feavers, The {pint of Vitriol alfo, which riles pre- 
 fently after the flegm , and before the oyl, will dif- 
 felve both Coral and Pearl v if you fet your glaft in 
 warm fandor allies. Ore . Whether the lame may be 
 fafely taken inwardly, being thus diffoIved,or rather 
 fretted in fi^nder,and without any further ablution : 
 but if you take two ounces of whole feed Pearland 
 infule thereon a quart of diftilied vinegar in a part- 
 ing glafie,or in any other ftrong glaffe of an apt form* 
 you fhall in feven or eight days, diffolve them into a 
 loft or {limy fubftance,which you may after cleanfe 
 by ablurion, if you think good. And this iscJone 
 Without any fire or outward heat ; during which 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 work, you (hall fee the pearl rifing and tailing in the 
 glafTe in the manner of a continual hail. 
 
 1 3 3 • t0 c ^ ar *fi e without any dift illation t as well 
 the white wine,as the Claret wine vinegar ^therewith 
 you may make either galliesjr other fauces. 
 
 C Hule of the fltongeft wine vinegar that you can 
 get, and to every fix pints , put the whites of 
 two new laid eggs, heat them well together with a 
 wooden fpoon, untill the whites be turned into a 
 froth or foam, then put the fame into a new leaded 
 or glazed pipkin , and caufe the fame to boil a little 
 over a fire of coals, but not a flaming fire. Then let 
 the fame run through a courfe white kerley gclly 
 bag, as they uletodogelly : and when it hath run 
 through the fame twice or thrife at the moft,it will 
 be very clear, and fcrve for theaforefaid purpofes, 
 and it wil keep good one whole year. And in the fame 
 manner,you may fineor clarifie any matter whatfo- 
 ever. But that which you fhall gain in the dearnefle, 
 you fhall lofe in the (trength of your wine. 
 
 1 34 . How to make any deco8ion y whether it he of diet 
 drink or other jn the fummer timejo l aft longer then 
 etherwife it would without any help . 
 
 I Know this fecret will be very profitable to all the 
 Apothecaries, who in fummer time fuftain great 
 Ioffe by the fowring,and purrifying of their deco&i- 
 ons , whereof fome be alfo very chargeable unto 
 them, and yet Lfear,though I know the conclufion to 
 be true, eafie, and not chargeable, that it will fcarcely 
 fatisfie fom of them, which are of a curious humor, 
 
 Bb hecaule 
 
1 8 6 The lew el' Houfc of 
 
 becaufe it is fo plain and Height* and therefore dero- 
 gatory to their great skils that they fhould fo long 
 time be ignorant in fo fimple a conelufion. Never- 
 theleffe becaufe l know that divers others ( if they 
 fhould diflike) wil make ufe thereof*! think the lame 
 very neceflary to be publifhed. One day, or tWo,6e- 
 lore you fear the decay of your deeo&ion , let the 
 fame on the fire, and give it a walm or two, and fo 
 now and then reboil the lame a little , and if you 
 doubt the fame will become either too thick or too 
 firong by many new decofitions , you may alwaies 
 adde fo much liquor thereunto, made according to 
 the firft receir,as you think will waft away at every 
 Boiling* and them keep the fame dole, and in a 
 cool place. This may be alfo performed in 
 another manner without fire, or any other addition, 
 and to laft as many moneths,as it will days the other 
 way. But here I muft keep decor um^ and fute groffe 
 matters, with grofle condufions.lt may fuffice that I 
 have fet down any way for that., which no way was 
 made common before, 
 
 135. How to draw the true fpirit of rofes y and fo of all 
 other herbs and flowers what foever. 
 
 M A cerate the rofe either in water, or in his own 
 juyce, adding thereunto (being temperately 
 warm)aconvenient proportion either of yeaft or fer- 
 ment, leave them fo a few days in fermentation, till 
 they have gotten a ftrong and heady fmell,and begin- 
 ning to incline towards vinegar.Tben diftill them in 
 Baineo,in glafs bodies luted to their helms,and draw 
 fo long as you find any fent of the rofe to come, then 
 rediftil , or re&ifie the fame fo often till you have 
 
 purchafed 
 
187 
 
 Art and Nature, 
 
 V. : 
 
 purchafed a perfect fpirit. Alfo if you ferment the 
 juyce of Rofes onely without any leaves mixed rher- 
 in,you may draw an excellent fpirit from the fame, 
 01 if you keep the juyce of damask rofes onely in 
 clofe veffels well feafoned with the rofe,it will yeeld 
 a delicate fpirit after it hath wrought it felftd a fuf- 
 ficient head, by the inward rotation or circulation of 
 nature: but this work asks alonger time before you 
 can proceed to distillation. The laft way and beft 
 way of all other that I know, is by an outward fire 
 to ftxr up the fnoift,and inward fire of nature, till the 
 lame be grown to the lubtilneffe of a rofe-wine. 
 And when you have once brought it to a wtne,then 
 every Apothecary, and ordinary pradicioner in this 
 art wii eafiiy divide bis fpirit from him,but they wil 
 all flagger in the firft digellion, and though they 
 Ihould either reel or fall, I maynot lend them my 
 helping hind , otherwife then I have done already, 
 ualeffe I were allured that they were of the number 
 of Hermes foils, and net begotten by fotne bafe Al- 
 chimifl. 
 
 1 3 6. How to draw the true and Jimple Ojl of Rofes. 
 
 D Ry 2 o or 40 bufhels of damask rofes.accord- 
 ing to art, put them with a lufficient proporti- 
 on of wafer (feme commend rofe water, others ra- 
 ther the juyce of rofes) into a large copper body 
 whole head muff have a cooler of large content; lute 
 the joints well , and alter a little maceration give a 
 proportional heat unto the body, and with the water 
 the oil will alfo afeend and fill into the receiver. 
 Prove the fame manner alfo with the raoifl leaf, and 
 if you fee any apparent difference either in colour or 
 
 B b 2 thicknels 
 
lS8 The Iewel-Houfe *f 
 
 thickncffc between the oil and the water , then you 
 know how to divide the lame eafily , but it you can 
 no way difeern the oil , then pour that which you 
 have in your receiver, in a bolt glafs, having a long 
 ftcal,or into, fotne other glafle, that riles up in a fpi- 
 ring manner, leffe and leffe toward the top : but fill 
 the glafle full , andfo peradventure you Yhall find 
 the oyl after a little repole, fleeting upon the top like 
 cream,which you mult feparate with a feather, and 
 keep by it felt. This is either a certain,or a very pro- 
 bable way of proceeding. But if I could fel the fecret 
 but for tea years purchafe, I would pafle it with a 
 general warrantizeagainftallobje&ionstin the mean 
 time let it fuflice thee,that I have in this little excee- 
 ded my commiflion. 
 
 1 3 j 4 rpocras madefpcedi!f % 
 
 T Ake of Cinamoa half an ounce,white Ginger, j : 
 drams, Cloves & Nutmegs, of each hall a dram, 
 of the greins of Paradife,two fcruples,of Pepper,one 
 fcruplej let them be beaten fomewhat groffely, and 
 then macerated in half a ' pound of fpiritof Wine, 
 flapping the velfel clofe with flowre and water. Let 
 all thefe ingredients remain fix days in inf ufion, in a 
 cold wine cellar , ftirring them twice a day at the 
 Jeafi.-a few drops of this compofition,wil tranfmute 
 a bowl of Wine into Y pocras. This receit may be - * 
 feem the Do6or that firft devifed it, yet by his fa- 
 vour, 1 think it requifite’, after you have made the 
 Wine thus Aromaticall , that you alfoaddeadue 
 proportion^ fugar , without the which in thefe 
 days there is nothing accounted either dainty or de- 
 licate,and then you muff alfo pafle the fame through 
 
Art and Nature, I 
 
 an Ypocras bag, till it be fine. I think you may alfo 
 
 C :rform the fame with fpirit ofteer,aIe,or wine 
 es much cheaper. 
 
 138. A touch at Borax Chriftalinus. 
 
 j^Here is a certain proportion of Borax to be mix-' 
 x ed with the Regulw of Antimony, which muft be 
 chimically calcined together, or burnt in a crufible 
 or fuch thing that may indure the fire, untill the Bo- 
 rax have glutted him (elf with the fpiritsof Anti- 
 mony. And this is thought tobeafaler vomit, then 
 either the crude or calcined Antimony, or the vitrum 
 Antimoni), that is brought to the colour of the Ja- 
 cinth , becaule in all thcle preparations , the body it 
 ielf of Antimony is retained. But in this preparation 
 you take hold of the fpirits onely.This may fafely be 
 given in powder, in the pap of an Apple, to the quan- 
 tity often, twelve, or fourteen grains : orelfethe 
 fame may be finely ground upon a Marble, and then 
 imbibed with the ftnall proportion of wine , which 
 being dreined from the powder, muft be taken fa- 
 iling in the morning , according to the order of o- 
 ther vomits. I cannot here omit that , which I will 
 neither warrant, nor condemn, ( although I know to 
 which fic'e I would rather incline before trial ) that 
 infinite exteation of the glaffe of Antimony, upon 
 which there may be fo many feveral infufions, and 
 all of them of fufficient efficacy to give a vomit, as 
 that by fome men of note , and good reputation , it 
 hath been thought to be aneceffary part or member 
 of the Phylofophers (tone. 
 
 Bbg 
 
ipo Theletvcl’Houfe of 
 
 1 Howto make Camphire remain liquid in the 
 form of an Oyl . 
 
 <■ V *r ' • > v n 
 
 F Irft heat a brafs mortar, then beat theCamphire, 
 as thin as ypu can , put thereto by little and 
 little at once , one equal proportion of the oil of 
 almonds, newly drawne and incorporate them 
 well together , and it will remain in the form of a 
 z clear oyl without any congelation. I think the fpi- 
 rit of wine will diffolve the fame, but when you di- 
 vide the fpirit by diftillation,the oil is likely to con; 
 geal in the bottom of your glafs. 
 
 140. An artificial extraction, if tbit fweet fir r up of 
 Raifmsfurrans, and PruineS. 
 
 T O every gallon of fair water, put three pound 
 of Maligo reafons , or reafons of the fun, ei- 
 ther ftampt or unftampt, leave them feven or eight 
 days in irfufiop,in fome little half tub, having a fau- 
 cet in the bottom thereof , at the which you may 
 drein out gently all that fvveet firrup which lies in 
 the bottom, drawing fo long as you fee any deep co- 
 lour in the water, then flop the faucet , and put in 
 fome more fruit , and divide as before, and having 
 pu 'chafed a fufficicnt quantity of this fweet liquor, 
 boil the fame away in an ordinary chafer, or kettle 
 untill it grow unto fome thicknefk,and then for fear 
 of aduftion,you may finifh the fame in Balneo. Ex- 
 pole this in divers apt veffels , and in fma! quantities 
 to the heat of the fun,againft a brick wal upon plates 
 of lead, when the fun is of fome reasonable heighth, 
 as in June, July, or Auguft. And if you be carefull 
 
Art and Nature. \ 
 
 in my dire&ion, you fhall have a moft rare,and deli- 
 cate Marmelade if I may fo term it ) and the fame 
 alio candied and hardne J in a very ftiff fub fiance, 
 moft naturally tailing of the fruit from whence it is 
 drawn. You may work after the lame manner, both 
 in figs and currens, which for more cieanlinefs, I 
 could wrlh alfo to be walhed in fome change of 
 waters, Q re. What an Artift may do in this pra&ife, 
 both in C denies, Grapes, Damiens, Goole berrie c . 
 Barberries, and generally in all Engiifh and outland- 
 ifii fruits and flowers. But then it is req uifite to dry 
 fome of thole ftuits fufficiently in the fun, before 
 you make your imbibition, and to roaft or parch o- 
 thers with lome further hear,dividing the skins, cores 
 and other re f ufe, before you make your extraction. 
 
 I4U Now to preferve DamfonSyCkerrieS^Peare-plumt, 
 Geofe- berries.^ c. in their own juice or firrop ^with- 
 out the addition of r oft e- water* 
 
 L Ay a convenient number of Plums, Cherries* 
 Goofeberries,&c.in a deep fallet difh,or filver 
 bafon,one by one, cover the fame dole with fome o- 
 ther difh, and fet it upon a chafingdilh of coals, be- 
 ginning with a gentle heat,until the fruit have gather- 
 ed a great dewor moyfiure unto themfelves, then 
 take of the fweeteft Barbery Sugar, and drew the 
 fame upon the fruit, being firftbroughtinto a melt 
 fine powder, ( twelve ounces of fugar is a fufficient 
 proportion ior one pound of fruit, but if you pleafe 
 you may allow weight for weight ) continue your 
 fire until fuch time as you fhall find that the firrop 
 hath pierced the ftone even to the kernel, for then 
 they are boyled fufficiently 5 but if the kerne! do 
 
 wrinkle 
 
The level- Htuftof 
 
 wrinkle or run together, then they are fomewhat c- 
 ver boiled. Alio you muft not lorget to turn them 
 now and then,and to obftrve al other circumftances 
 as you do ufein the ordinary manner of prelcrving. 
 
 1 4 2 . The Art of Molding And Ca fling* 
 
 H Aving finillied the Art ol Diftillation, I come 
 now to fhew you the Art of Molding and Ca- 
 tting. Firft you muft labour common loam, a little 
 moiftened, to a ftiffnels, working the fame fmooth 
 with a rolling pin, as they ufe to do pafte, then make 
 thereof a coffin like unto a pye,faving that you fhall 
 need no other bottom but the board or table where- 
 on you work, and that you muft fafhion your cof- 
 fin according to the pattern which you mean to caft, 
 for fparing of your pap hereafter mentioned.Faften 
 well this coffin or fides of lome to your table with 
 your fingers,fo as the thin part of your pap may not 
 run out at the bottom, then take a branch of rofema- 
 ry, time, or hy fop,&c. and at the end of the fteal fa- 
 tten a little lump of loam made taper wife, with the 
 fmall end thereof towards the ftalk, and the greater 
 end fatten likewife to the midft of lome part of the 
 fides of your coffin in the infide, fo as the lame may 
 ftick fall overthwart wife, and that no part ot your 
 branch either touch your table in the bottome, or 
 reach to the uppermoft pait of the fides, for which 
 caufe you muft always make your coffin deeper then 
 your branch or flower which you mean to caft, then 
 make your pap in a wooden difh, or ftone pan, pre- 
 fendy furring the compofition well together, either 
 with your finger for a lhilt,©r fotne other apt brufh 
 or pencil, that there may be a folution or mixture of 
 
Art and Nature 
 
 she liquor or powders together.Then pour the fame 
 fpeedily about the the fidcs of your branch * having 
 care that you do not lofen the fame from the coffin* 
 and be fure that you make pap enough to cover all 
 your branch at once, whereat* by often pradife you 
 fhall eafily gueffe.Let the fame fraud a pretty while* 
 s. about the fourth part of an hour , and the whole 
 cpmpofition will harden into a maffe or lump* then 
 take away your lome (ides from it, which will ferve 
 oftentimes* and you have your branches included 
 therein* then with a little fuck digout the piece of 
 lome* which you faftnedto* the ftalk of your branch* 
 but lo as you impair not the mold* then lay your 
 branch abroad for a time in fome airy or windy 
 plate * but not in the fun * and after neal it in a little 
 earthen furnace* making firfc a foundation of Char- 
 coles* and afterward laying your mold upon them* 
 and then covering your mold with more charcole* 
 and kindling your fire at the uppermoft coals* and fo 
 continue your fire by addingof frejfh charcoles* till 
 you fee that the mold be well nealed. s.that it be red 
 hot both within* and without* which you (ball per- 
 ceive by a little hole which the lome made at the end 
 of the (talk* which they call their gitty, if inclining 
 your body you look therein carefully. Then let the 
 fire go out of it felfand fuffer the mold to cool^hen 
 hath the branch or flower left the impreffion thereof 
 in the mold into the which when you have caft your 
 gold* or filver*you muft dip your mold in cold wa- 
 ter, whereby it will fall in pieces* and you (hall find 
 youg branch of gold and filver in al points according 
 to the pattern. All other neceffary circumftances for 
 this art doth prefently infue. 
 
 You muft firft roaft or burn the plaifter of Paris* 
 
 C c before 
 
The level- Houft of 
 
 194 
 
 ^repara- before you mix ihe fame with the reft of the pow- 
 thc n pUi* deis, which men * n X ^ IS nianner.They break 
 
 Her. the ftones in great gobbets, and then laying fome 
 coals in a little {lone furnace, fuch as are fold at 
 More- gate ; they lay thefe pieces together upon the 
 coals, and then cover them over with coals, and after 
 kindle the fire at the top, and fo let the fame burn 
 downwards, and with one fi re fo made they will be 
 fufficiently burnt 5 then beat them into powder, and 
 fearce them as before, but if they break not eafily, 
 then they burn them longer. Others think it a better 
 way ( though more long and troublefome ) to beat 
 the plaifter in a great iron Mortar to a fine powder, 
 and then to fet the fame on the fire in a large ftrong 
 earthen pot or pipkin, making a good fire under it, 
 and {Hiring it continually with a wooden fpattle 
 for an hour, or thereabouts, and until you fee the 
 fpattle leave as it were a vifible line or tradt behind 
 it, after jou have ftirred the powder round about 
 therewith, 
 
 Let y our P ow der whereof you make your pap 
 Xepap: confift of burnt alabafter,& plaifter of Pari$,borh of 
 them finely powdred and fearced,and of the like fine 
 powder of new earthen pots, feme ule the powder of 
 brick in {lead thereof* To 3 parts of the powders of 
 alabafterand plaifter fir ft mixed in equal proporti- 
 on,mingle one part of the powder of earthen pots or 
 brick, but many do caft of in wax, onely in molds 
 con ft fling in alabafter alone, or plaifte r alone, or 
 both together without any other compoficion. 
 
 There be fome that think one {hall caft more 
 fharply if he do likewife grind the afore{aid pow- 
 ders upon a Marble ftone after they be fcarced $ but 
 if you fearce onely, the fearce oxuft be exceeding 
 
 fine# 
 
An And Nature. 1 ^ 5 
 
 fine* §>re. If (Sypfum, alumen plumofum , or fpawd be 
 not good to mingle with the reft of the powders. I 
 have feen oftentimes many good patterns of mettal, 
 caft off very (harply in fpawd alone, but you muft 
 heat the flasks well,before you pour in the mettals, 
 and you muft fprinkle the fpawd with fotne tnoift- 
 ure, wherein there is fome Sal Armoniack Jdtlorc you 
 do imprint your patternsjfome do comend the light 
 and downy fubftance , finely gathered from the up* 
 permoft part of the afbes of oldcoals. 
 
 Of the aferefaid powders you muft take a rea- 
 fonable quantity at once, putting the fame into a epa|> 
 fione porrenger, or wooden di(h, and put thereunto 
 fome clean water, wherein fome diflolve an ounce 
 of Sal Armoniack to every pottle of water, and pre- 
 fen tly ftir it well together as before, to make a per- 
 fect fblutionand mixture of the matters aforefaid, 
 this pap muft not be made too ftiff, when you caft 
 branches of hearbs or flowers, for then it would 
 preffe the leaves together. Sometimes temper with 
 warm water, and fometimes with cold, to make the 
 pap dry the fafter, for fome kind of works. 
 
 If you would attain to a per fed ion of this pap.you tionCf** 
 may weigh your powders before you put them into the pap, 
 the water and meafure the water,which you mingle 
 with your powders, and trying feveral proportions 
 of water and powder together, you mayobferve 
 which of them proves beft in the moulds , and ever 
 after continue the fame# 
 
 Some do mingle Aqua vit<e } fome urine.and fome for ^ crs 
 put a fmal quantity ot Sal Armoniack to a great pro* pap. 
 portion of water, atad therewith temper their pap. 
 
 As you pour in your pap, knock upon the Table T° 
 with your fift, hard by the coffin, to make the pap ' f 
 
 C c 2 fettle 
 
l$6 The Iwel-Houfe of 
 
 fettle the better to the bottom, and more clofe to the 
 
 pattern* 
 
 Molds of If you would lave your patterns, as being of 
 
 % £ an ®* Plaifter,Wax,Mettal,Alabafter,&c. then take fome 
 day that is well tempered, and not over ftiff, and 
 make the bafis thereof in difcretion, according to the 
 thicknefsof your pattern, and hollow or dimple the 
 fame a little, according as the fafhion of your pat- 
 tern fhall require : then prefs your pattern gently in*? 
 to that hollownefs, and with your fingers and knife 
 together, wotk up your bafis with more loam, till 
 by as near a guefs as you may, the juft one half o t 
 your pattern be even wrought up round about, then 
 let up your loam fides as before in your branches or 
 flowers, and pour in of the pap likewife as before, 
 till you have covered all the uppermoft part of the 
 pattern that liefh bare, with fame reafonable thick- 
 nefs ; then let it reft a pretty while, till it be grown 
 to fome ftiffnefs, and after take away your fides,and 
 you fhall find the one half of the pattern truly im- 
 printed upon the dry pap. Then lay that half upon 
 your tab!e,with the hollow part upwards, wherein 
 the impreflion remains* and clap on your loam fides 
 again, leaving your pattern ftill within the pap, and 
 pour more pap upon the pattern, till you have alfo 
 covered the other part of the pattern withfbme rea- 
 fonable thicknefs as before $ then let it dry, ?nd take 
 away the fides, and dip the whole mold a little in wa- 
 ter, and you may with your hands very eafily, di- 
 vide the one fide from the other. Take out your 
 pattern, and keep it to caft again withal, as often as 
 you pleafe. Note here,that you muft print fome lit- 
 tle gutters or hollows in the loam,wheron your pat- 
 tern lieth after you have fitted it, with the juft half 
 
Art and Nature. tpj 
 
 of your pattern, "and this is became the pap which is 
 poured on the fecond half (hall fill up the guttets,or 
 hollows, whereby you may, after you have taken 
 out your pattern, know how to fhut your molds ve- 
 ry clofe together, which othcrwife you fhouldi never 
 be able to do* 
 
 You may neal many molds together, by laying Hew tg 
 one by one in a Chimney, with a fmall diftance a- n cal ma- 
 funder,but firfi making a good lay of dead charcoal ®y t moI<Jj 
 under them,and after cover them all over with chat- *' l ° nee * 1 
 coals, making fides about the coals of loofe bricks^ 
 and remember to lay the ends of your molds where 
 the gitties or entrances into them are made, towards 
 you, that as you fhall fee caufe, you may now and 
 then ftoop and look into the molds,to fee when they 
 are throughly nealed,that you may furceale the ma- 
 king of any more fires.: 
 
 P It is alio very requifite to have deep pans,very full 
 of fand,orafhes that be warm, wherein tofet your 
 moldsjwhfn they are made ready to caft in, and then 
 to fill up the molds even to the necks or girties of 
 them, for by that means you fhall keep your gold or 
 filver from palling through the molds. 
 
 Mold many branches of Time,Hyfop,Rofemary, 
 
 &c.at orce,that if fomeof them fhouid fail,yetonc 0 fmany 8 
 or other might prove we], for the charg is not great, tranche* 
 neither of your molds, nor yet in the melting ol S0 S tEilcrt 
 your mettil. 
 
 When you mean to caft any gold or filver, you wj>m 
 muft neal the molds red hot again, and caft prelent- 
 ly. But il in pewter or lead,a left heat will ferve.and J1 ° 
 fome ufe no heat at al,6ut caft the faid mettals in the 
 molds being cold. 
 
 You muft make a vent with a ftrayy from the bot- 
 
 • C c 3 ' soma 
 
 y y 
 
ipS Tbelewel-Houfe tf 
 
 Ventsfor t0 Qie of the mold unto the top, whereby the met- 
 IhemoMsjjjiY finding air) may run the better, or rather 
 make a double vent from each fide ot the mold, this 
 ftraw mult be laid in the coffin, before you pour in 
 the pap, and when the mold is nealed, the ftraw con- 
 fumeth to afhes, and the vent appearetb, yet I have 
 feen many patterns caft, without giving any vent 
 arall. 
 
 Clean- Before you caft off, clear your molds from the 
 chf molds a fbcs, which are left behind , upon the confuming 
 or burning out of the branches, flowers, wax pat^ 
 terns, &c. in this mannertprefently after the mold is 
 cold enough to hold in your hand, take it by the 
 great end,and pat the mouth or gitty which is at the 
 other end , in the palm ot your hand, till you per- 
 ceive no more afhes to iff ue out of your molds, and 
 after by applying the nole or pipe of a pair of bel- 
 lows againft the gitty, and fo blowing out the afhes. 
 Some pour in quick filver at the gitty, moving the 
 f ame up and down a pretty while,and fo cleanfe their 
 molds. 
 
 You may caft off in wax, in the powders afore- 
 Weiting [aid 4 but then you muft hold your molds in hot 
 ffioid'l water for a time , and fo the work may the eafier 
 be taken out , and in the fame molds you may caft 
 off in wix divers times , one after another. Note 
 alio, that you tnuft dip the laid molds a pretty while 
 inhotw.ter befoie you caft off in wax, andpre-, 
 fently after you have taken the molds out of the wa- 
 ter, and before you caft, you muft dry them with a 
 fpunge. 
 
 moldin' 0 Some are f° precife in this art , as that they will 
 mo in. neV g r ujqU any fine patterns hue in fair vreathcr, or 
 in fummer time, and perlwade themfelves that then 
 
 * their 
 
Art And Nature, 
 
 their molds do receive the impreflion moft lively, 
 and alfo do dry moft kindly. 
 
 Let your gitty wherein you pour your mettle be Git ee 
 wide and large, according to she greatneff'e ol your lar 8 c * 
 pattern, for that the weight ol your mettal being 
 therein, will by the peiz thereof thru ft down the reft 
 that runneth fir fr, into the fartheft parts, or corners 
 of the molds. 
 
 When your molds eonfift of two parts , before -Hollow- 
 you neal them, you muft with a kbiie hollow, or in g °f chs 
 take away feme part of ihe gittee , in the infide of - 
 either part of your mold, making the fame like a gu> 
 ter, thereby to convey the mettal the better into the 
 whole mold. 
 
 But if you will cafe any imbofted patterns, of eaftsng 
 wax, or any other {lender or curious patterns , that in glevv 
 be under cut as they term it, s. fuch as hand antick an< * wa ^ 
 wife, and whereof you may fee fome parts be- 
 hind , Which will not fuffer them to come out uf 
 the molds without breaking either the patterns or 
 the molds, then muft you ute this devife following. 
 
 Take one pound of common glew, put thereto one 
 ounce of yellow wax, ( fome put two or three oun- 
 ces >but firft diflblve the glew by a gentle fire,with a 
 little watef into a thick body, and after this folution, 
 put in your Wax, into which Wax fome do ufe to 
 put a little quantity of the fine powder of charcoal 
 fearced, and fome mingle the blacking onely that 
 comes of the fmoak of wax or rofen ther with .Then 
 lay an even piece of loam according to the fafhion 
 of your pattern, but an inch broader then the patern, 
 and in the midft thereof place your patern firft oy- 
 led, then fee up the loam Tides of year coffin, and 
 pour your glew thejeOn, being of a temperate heat 
 
2 0 © 
 
 The let»el-Houfe of 
 
 
 Glcw fer- 
 
 and when it is throughly cold,take away the fldes of 
 loam, and take out your pattern gently. Notealf© 
 that when you have molded any gentle pattern in 
 gIue,you may open the molds by flitting of them,or 
 bowing them backwards thereby the eider to get 
 out the pactern without danger of breaking it, and ye* 
 the mold will return to his firft fhape. 
 
 Note that you may diflolve your molds of glue 
 mh'oite'i a ?ain, and caft often in them according to the man- 
 ner bef o re fer do wu . 
 
 wiioie Q/r. Of hanging patterns by a thread, in the glue 
 «ft Whh- a f° re ^ a id being firft oiled over , untill the glue be 
 ou: dcfj. cold, and fomewhat fliff, and then carefully cutting 
 dug the out t h e patterns without impairing the molds. Here 
 Sold!" ° r a g°od wit may find great; variety of matter where- 
 on to meditate , but I hold it not covenient for the 
 great hinderance to all the Jewellers, and workmen 
 in gold and filver,to difeover all the lecrets either of 
 thiscompofition, or of the reft that are Contained in 
 this difeourfe , and that for fufficient reafons beft 
 known unto my felf, and fuch others as have fpent 
 their time, and thereby attained to any exquifite skil 
 in this art of calling. Although I mull needs confefs 
 that I have given fufficient light, even ro the pur- 
 blind workman to perform any excellent conceit by 
 this difeourfe. And as I look for thanks of many 
 that are ignorant herein, fo I am fure to receive blame 
 of thofe who with long travell and expence, have 
 fcarceiy attained fo much skill as they may find in 
 this work with a few hours ffudy. Neither may I 
 fafely let down the infinite ufe of this,forfear of the 
 infinite abufe which would follow by the lewd, and 
 fin; Her pra&ifes of idle, and ill difpofed perfons,that 
 are ready with the Spider,to turn every thing whiclv 
 they touch into poifon* Note 
 
Art and Nature, 
 
 sot 
 
 Note chat your molds of glue muft be throughly 
 cold before you caft your compounded wax there- 
 in,and the wax muft be taken in a temperate heat, left 
 it happen to diffolve the mold. 
 
 Note alfo that the molds of glue, the longer they 
 kand before you caft in them, the leffer they wax by 
 reafon of the water that vanifhes away 5 and there- 
 fore it is an excellent devife,not onely to caft ftrange 
 and hard patterns in, but alfo to caft of your pattern 
 into a ieffe compaffe. So that if the graving of the 
 workmanfhipof your pattern be grofsand widea- 
 ftinder, by this means it will become leffe, and (hew 
 much fmaller and finer to tfie eye. And if at the firft 
 cafting in glue., when your molds have hood three or 
 t our days to dry, your pattern come not little enough 
 ro your mind, then caft that little pattern again in 
 glue, and let that mold lie as long a drying before 
 you put in your wax,aneffo with often cafring in this 
 lafhion you fhall bring your new pattern to be of a 
 great deal leffe compaffe , and finer workman fhip 
 then the firft patern.Note alfo that it is very requifit 
 to tfiake your molds of glue very thick, for fear of 
 warping, or cafting awry. It is alfo thought very re- 
 quite to anoint your molds within very delicately, 
 with a fine ealaber penfil 5 and with fome of the thin- 
 ueft of the aforefaid oils, before you put in your wax. 
 
 You may alfo caft , all your mettaline parts in 
 brimfeone, and from thence in wax, and after in ala* 
 feafter, and fo into metcal. 
 
 Some will mold great , and curious patterns in 
 the crum of fine manchet well tempered into a pafr, 
 and preffed hard upon the pattern , and fome com- 
 mend flower^ and the fat of Bacon diffolved, and 
 ftrained. 
 
 The true 
 heat of 
 your 
 
 Molds & 
 Waxj 
 
 To IdTen 
 your pat- 
 terns* 
 
 Cafting 
 in brim- 
 ft one. 
 
 Molding 
 in crumc 
 of breads 
 
 Dd 
 
 Note 
 
20 2 
 
 The level- Houfc of 
 
 Artifisial Notealfo that you muft firft caft all your cisri- 
 
 S ini ous patterns in yellow wax, tempered with the fine 
 powder of f mail coal, and wrung through a cloth, 
 and feme think it beft to put in the Imall coal pow- 
 der when the wax begins to cool, and then to ftir it 
 well that they may incorporate together*But if you 
 will caft off in red wax, then muft you put in feme 
 red oker inftead of fmailcoal, to colour your wax 
 wichalL Some commend this compofitionof wax 
 beft (c. 2. parts of old yellow wax, one part rofen, 
 and a little blacking diffolved,and mingled together, 
 and then ftreined through a fine cloth: and when you 
 have once gotten your patterns in wax, then mold 
 thofe waxen patterns in cheaforefaid plaifters,alaba- 
 fter,and br ck powder,and then burn out the wax as 
 before in flowers, and clear the molds, and focaft 
 ihem into what mettal you pleafe. Alfo when you 
 have molded any pattern in glue, you may caft it of 
 in Alabafter if you pleafe. 
 
 Powders Some do greatly commend the fine powder of 
 
 lQ €a lila flinders melting pots that be new, and Bole Armo- 
 niack mingled together in equal parts, you mu ft put 
 this pewderin water 5 and make agitation of them 
 together, and then pour away the fame water fud- 
 denly into feme clean veffel, snd put in more wa- 
 ter, reiterate your agitation as before, and fo conti- 
 nuethis work untill your water which you pour a- 
 way from the powders become clear ^then let all this 
 thick water fo gathered together, fettle wel,and then 
 drein away the water by declination ^ and after dry 
 this powder^and keep it to make pap thereof at your 
 pleafure. And this was commended tome by excel- 
 lent men for an excellent receir* 
 
 In this manner following you may caft of in 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 20 J 
 
 wax, and alfo in waxen molds, which is a delicate To 
 and neceflary fecret for them that can tell how to s 
 ufethefame to the beft purpole. You mufttake 
 three quarters of a pound of rofen ( yet fome ule no 
 rolen at all) and a pound of yellow wax, and a hand- 
 full of lifted allies, melt them all together, and put in 
 the allies when the reft is molten, ( inftead ol afhes 
 iome ule lptwd,or phifter burnt as before)and pre- 
 fently after the putting in of the allies, youmuft 
 hold an iron that is red hot, or a great glowing coal 
 tothediffolved fubftances , changing your iron or 
 coal, as often as you (hall fee cau(e,for by this means 
 you (hall keep your materials from boiling over. In 
 this fub ftance you may mold any pattern that you 
 pleafe, then takeout the pattern, and you may call 
 therein infinitely with a mixture confiftingof two 
 parts wax, and one part rofen $ but let the ladne be 
 but of a temperate heat when you pour itir(, left 
 you melt your mo!ds,and after it hath taken the im- 
 prefiion, you may forthwith lay your molds in wa- 
 ter to cool your infufed lubftances the more fpeedh 
 ]y:wet thole moulds onely with a fine cloth,or pen- 
 fil,ufingno oil but in the gitry onely. 
 
 If you would have a ftrong compofmon, or earth s r °”g 
 wherein to caft great and grofle patterns of copper, 
 
 Jartin, Then take one part clay, tempering the terns; 
 fame throughly well upon a marble , with flocks, 
 adding thereunto two parts of brick, and half a part 
 of plaifter well burned fas before ) work all the laid 
 fubftances well and painfully together, and caft your 
 mesial thereinafter you have molded off your pat- 
 terns, you mu ft fetyour molds in a veflel full of (and 
 and preffe the lame as hard as you can about the 
 molcLevea from the bottom to the top thereof. And 
 
 Dd 2 fome 
 
204 
 
 The Iwel-Hcufe of 
 
 lome ufc to cart copper,& lat*en works in high^gare 
 fand, fome in lome onely,Tome in cuttle bone, and 
 divers other fubftances, which becaufe they are more 
 common then the reft, I palle them over in filence. 
 
 Matters The Potters white clay is very good lubftance 
 ^ imbofs (0 i m b 0 (f e in^if you dry the fame throughly, and af- 
 ter beat it into fine powder, and then fearce it, and 
 temper it with warm water* In the working, and al- 
 waies when you leave work, keep your clay moift 
 in a wet cloth, till you have caufe to ufc it again. 
 The laft. Some hold opinion that it is beft to fpend your a- 
 
 5 "Jwders he f° re * a ^ powders while they are frefh, and before 
 er$ s t ^ e y jj ave j a j n j on g^ f or t £ e p] a i(| er 0 f p ar is be- 
 ing of an attradive nature, and defirous to gain the 
 moifture which it hath loft in the burning, will lole 
 his binding force if it be not quickly fpent, but after 
 your molds be once nealed , you may keep them a 
 long time,fo as you ftop the gitties ot them, that no 
 duft may enter into the molds. 
 
 Oiling of Oil all your patterns of mettals,phifter^ or wax 
 she patr w £h a £ ne penfil,and with the oil of { wee t almonds, 
 but others efteem the oyl ot Turpentine or Spike, 
 to be the beft, by reafon of their thinneffe, whereby 
 they will not fill up any part of the woik.Then you 
 mu ft pat the patterns gently over with a little clean 
 bumbaft, that you may leave the oyl very thin upon 
 the pattern, fome uie aqua vita on ly. And fome oil 
 their wooden patterns with oilol wex,butter,or lard 
 melted, to keep them from bliftering in the molds. 
 The heats .Learn of the Goldfmiths how to take your gold 
 & tough* and filver in their true heats, as alfo with what addi- 
 Soi g an4 tlons 10 the mettal run the better and fharper^ 
 jLuna* and how to toughen them both, that your work prove 
 
 not brittle.!* you find this work either too troubk- 
 
 fome* 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 20 % 
 
 feme or too curious, then make your molds ready, 
 and carry them to fome Goldfmiths , which have 
 their apt furnaces for the pur pole, and let them heat 
 and toughen your mettals,aad then call them in your 
 molds fo made ready as before* 
 
 How to colour your patterns in gold 5 and how to , GoioitfS 
 boil thole that are call in filver,I mull refer you to 
 the Goldfmiths, although I could eafily fetdown solan4 
 both the matter, and the manner thereof,but becaufe luns * j 
 therein I Ihoulddifcovera fecret, that concerneth 
 their whole trade, I have thoughtgood to luppreffe 
 it for this time. 
 
 The firft time that you call off your pattern^it vril ^ 
 come molt fharply, if the work be performed as it pattern 
 ought, and ever after more bluntly, but yet the felt lommetfe] 
 lame pattern wil lerve oftentimes, and deliver hts im- 
 prelfion truely,though not fo perfedly in the eye of 
 a. workman as at firft. 
 
 Note, that you muft have a little prefleof Gop> 
 
 A Gojpf ^ 
 
206 The levetl ■ Houfe tf 
 
 per or Iron to hold faft your molds after they are 
 made ready to caft in, efpecially when your mold 
 confift of two parts,aad the outfides of thefe party 
 molds you muft cramp together, when the molds 
 Cramp- are cold, with many little Iron wires made for that 
 mg wires. p Ur p 0 f c . anc j t [ ie n With a knife clofe the joynts all o- 
 ver with tome of the faid pap, which doficsg or lu- 
 ting you muft alfo reiterate if youfeecaufe, after 
 the molds be nealed, placed in your prefs, and ready 
 to receive the meitals,at which time it fhall not be a- 
 mifs in like manner to clofe up and flop all the 
 cracks or chinks of your molds which you ftiall find 
 in them after they be made ready to caft in, for o- 
 therwife your mettal will oftentimes run through 
 your molds, and then is all your labour loft. 
 
 Prepa. But in the calling of branches of herbs, or flower?, 
 ring the^ fome commend the lprinkling of the branch or flo- 
 |ower.° r ' wcr ovcr with good Aqua vita well re&ified, 
 and fome wet the branch fir ft with a little pap that 
 is made very thin with Aqua vita, and the aforefaid 
 powders. I have heard that you may (tiffen the leaves 
 of your herbs and flowers wi h fifh glew, finely fli- 
 ced and beaten, and after diffolved in a clean leaden 
 pan with fome Aqua vita, or water : the leaves lo 
 fuffened will dry within one hour alter they are dip- 
 ped therein, and within 2 or 3 hours after at the moft 
 you muft mold the leaves lo ltiffened, or eife they 
 will relent again. Qre, It you may not keep them 
 f tiff as long as you pleale in a ftove. This I have not 
 proved, but 1 had the fame of an excellent workman, 
 who affured me upon his credit of the truth thereof, 
 whereof if I could alfo allure others ( as hitherto I 
 have not difproved the fame, and a i mal time or 
 charge would ferve to make a proof thereof) I know 
 
 not 
 
Art and Nature * 
 
 207 
 
 not how to commend the lame Sufficiently for the 
 infinite ufes whereto it might be applied. 
 
 Some do make a compolmon of 4 parts of new A compos 
 Tyn,toene part of Latten, and call divers patterns 
 therein. 
 
 r If you wohld caft an egg,or any other pattern hoi- 
 low, thereby both to have your work the lighter, as h0 ow# 
 alfo to (pare gold & filver, which grows to be co il- 
 ly in lad works 5 then mud you line both the infixes 
 of the party mold with thin pafte, made of tough 
 flower and water onely, and wrought into an equal 
 thicknefs by the means of a rowling pin, whole por- 
 traiture youfhall find in the next following page. 
 
 Note alfo that upon one of the pans of your mold 
 there mult be made acrofs of wire, faftned into the 
 mold by turning of the ends of your wire into the 
 fame 5 then lay both the fides of the mold together, 
 each of them having their thin pad fitted withinjuft 
 with the circle thereof: Then at thegitteeof your 
 mold pour in feme plaifter made into pap, if you 
 caft but in lead, or elle fome of the firft compofm- 
 on *s, Plaifter, Alabafter and Brick together, if you 
 caft in gold and filver ; but firft you mu ft anoint 
 all your paft very neatly with a fine pencil,and with 
 the fat of Bacon,melted with a gentle fire, and be- 
 fore itccngealeth 5 for this maketh your work to 
 come very fmooth on the outfide. Then take your 
 mold in funder, and take out the pafte out of either 
 part, and hang in the core again in the firft holes, let 
 your mold together again^aamping, and luting it on 
 the fides, and then neal it, and pour in the mem!, 
 which running round about the core, muft of necef- 
 fity be hollow, and of an equal rhicknels ; then at 
 fome hole in the end or fide of your work, you may 
 
io8 
 
 The Jewel- Heufe of 
 
 pick out all the plainer, or other compofition, and 
 fo’you may call any pattern both light and hollow j 
 you muft alfo remember to make your gitty,and to 
 ufe the other means before fet down, to make the 
 one fide of your mold meet with the other. 
 
 You may caft hollow and light either in lead,pew- 
 teror wax, if alter you have caft your work folid, 
 yOu pour out again at the bottome thereof fomuch 
 as will run, but the exa& time when to pour our, 
 muft be gotten by often pra£fife,and cannot well be 
 cx prefled in words. 
 
 You muft have a fowling pin of a foot long, made 
 
 of fix or eight inches compafs, and the fame taken 
 down the thicknefs of a fhilling all the length there- 
 of,faving half an inch at either end,wherby you can- 
 not fail to make your pafte all of one juft thicknefs. 
 To mold In the aforefaid glew you may mold ones band or 
 
 face, it the party be firft laid on his back, with his 
 •roan! ° eys plafiered over,his nofe and ears ftopt with wool, 
 and his mouth doled up,faving that in the midft he 
 may draw breath at a little hole at a pipe or quill, 
 and then fet your fides of loam, as before, about bis 
 face, which fome annoint over with oyl (as before) 
 and pour on the aforefaid glew, being but temperate- 
 ly warm. This is an excellent device to have the 
 lively counterfeit of the true favor and countenance 
 o i every oian. 
 
 The' pla- Some hold it beft to fet your flowers and branch - 
 «mgof es uDriehr-and not overrhwarr wife. with their tops 
 
 Therottl. , 
 ing pin. 
 
 fwaded 
 
Art and Nature , 
 
 fwaded, that the leaves will ipread abroad the bet- 
 ter, and divide themfclves in lunder, whereby the 
 mcttal may run into every leal feverally. 
 
 Some kill Toads and Frogs, which they mean to Killing of 
 caft, by leaving them in oyle till they die, and lome 
 put ftrong water into their mouths. As for flies,fpi- 
 ders, gr a (hoppers, and.fuch like, you may keep in 
 dole boxes, and let them die for lack of Air,and then 
 mold them whileft they are Biff, 
 
 If you would take but the print of any work, gra- To pr j nt 
 ven either in brafs,wood,or other body j Firft,with graved 
 a Ipunge lightly wet over your paper with fair wa- P 3t 
 ter(fome commend A Horn waterjthen make a iablt per" 
 colour with the fume of fearing wax candle, in a 
 fpoon, porringer, &c* to the which put a few drops 
 offalletoyljOi oi the extra died oylof cloves, tem- 
 per the lame well together, and put it lightly upon 
 the engraved pattern with a quilted leather, fuch as 
 Printers ufe ; then clap the print upon your paper, 
 lightly wet as belore,and take off the paper,and you 
 {hall find the impreflion very fair if you do it care- 
 fully .No:e,that if your patern be of wood, you muft 
 lay the fame fir-ft a pretty while to foke in water, be- 
 fore you lay on your fable upon ir, becaufe the 
 wood wi! dry up the colour exceedingly Note alfo, 
 that the lmoke of tallow, makes a good fable, the 
 fenoke of rofen abetter,but thefmokcof wax gives 
 the beft of all o.her, and thereof is made that excel- 
 lentvelvet black,uled in the art of Limning. 
 
 It is a pleafing and commendable pra&ife by this tjii j 
 art to mold off thofe excellet counterfeits.of carved u fcs of 
 or imboffed faces, dogs, Lions, Borders, Arms, &c. Af d] 
 
 from Tombs, or out of Noble mens Galleries ; as 
 alfo of Pillers, Balls, Leaves, Frutages,Scc»therewith 
 
 E e to 
 
210 
 
 The lew el- Houfe af 
 
 to garnifti beds, tables, court-cupboards, the jawms 
 and mantle trees of chimneys-,and other (lately fur* 
 nitures of chambers or galleries. But I may not dif- 
 clofe the whole Art with every circumftance,wher* 
 by to make the fame contemptible with the vulgar 
 fortronely I will give a taft thereof unto the fharper 
 wits, who with fome fludy and pradtife may reach 
 unto the full perfection thereof. And therefore, 
 whofoever can firft diflolve Ifinglafsor fiihglew, 
 as it ought to be, and after harden the fame by Inch 
 means, as that no f udden moifture can make it to re- 
 lent or give again, the workman and Artift,whatfce- 
 ver he be (and I.a m fure there be feme fucb,though 
 but very few that I know in England) may caft ma- 
 ny rare and excellent patterns, in the fine filed or ra- 
 ped duft of Brafil, Box Jeat, Amber, Alabafter,Ebo- 
 ny, Elephants tooth, and fuch like, being firft well 
 tempered with the giew fodiffolved,or with the pap 
 of common paper, being well wrought and labour- 
 ed with the hand of a workman. And he may alfo 
 make his molds of the fineft and whiteft Porters 
 clay, when they have wrought and tempered it firft 
 in their manner. Or elfe if lome excellent Carver in 
 wood or (tone did carve fome excellent piece of a 
 herder,of half a yard long f and a foot in breadth, with 
 antick faces and perfonages,or other frmages there- 
 on,and with the coat-armours of Gentlemen^ and o- 
 thcr pleafing devices to garnifh the fame$ tbeafore- 
 faid Artift might thereby eafily, and with fmalcoft, 
 caft off whole borders for chambers or galleries, in 
 the aforefaid fubftances or compofitions, which 
 would fee m to be of infinite charge. And for the 
 better encouragement herein of thofethat fhallbe 
 doubtful] and fufpitious of this skill, let this fads fie 
 
 them* 
 
jirt and Nature. ,* n 
 
 them, that I have feen, not far from London- bridge, 
 divers excellent and carved patterns caft off infand, 
 and common glew, but they would endure no wea- 
 ther, yet they will lerve fufficiently within dores, fo 
 as they be kept dry. 
 
 143, A new kind of fire, of leffe charge then ordina- 
 ry with Sea- coals. 
 
 T His fire is of much lefs charge then the ordina- 
 ry fea coal fire. It is much fweererin the bur- 
 ning,and more beautifull in fhape, being made in the 
 form of balls,with a little artificial Salamander. It 
 is very durable and lafting ; it is not fo effenfive ei- 
 ther in fmoak or cinder, as the fea-coal fire. 
 
 It will be anefpecial means to preferve Timber 
 for the building of fhips.and other neceffary ufesj It 
 will bring charcoal and billets to a more reafonable 
 price, for thatby the ufe of fuch a Furnace or Iron 
 as this, there will be great ft ore of Coals and other 
 fuel preferved. 
 
212 
 
 The level' Houfe of 
 
 144. A Veflel of Wood to brew or boil in* 
 
 T Htfjt the fame is truly and really performed, J 
 appeal to the proofs in my Apologie publifh- 
 ed An % 1 5 p 3 . And if there be yet any manner of per- 
 fon that lhalifnotwithftanding my teftimonies ther- 
 in produced)either perverfly hold the fame to be im- 
 poffibJe, or malicioufly and flanderoufly reprove 
 the invention of untruth 5 then let him wage fuch * 
 competent lum of money, as may make an experi- 
 ment thereof, and he will find the conveniency that 
 enlues* 
 
 But admitting the fame to be true (and that my ar- 
 tificial Salamander will not burn in the fire ) then I 
 fay, that thele brewing veffels will be much cheaper 
 thr n copper kerdes, yea, almoft according to fuch 
 difference as is between copper and clapboard, cither 
 in matter or workmanfhip. 
 
 Thcfe wooden veffels, in refpe# of the fire, will 
 laft twenty years ar the leaft $ and if the element of 
 wa tar had not more power over them then the ele- 
 ment ol fire, I thiok we fboul j not need any new vef- 
 fels,but for new ages. 
 
 And that whicn 1 do more efteem and commend 
 in them then their lafting,is the faving of fud*which 
 cannot be left then a moyety of that which is now 
 ufuaily fpent in the houfes ol all the Gentlemen and 
 Farmers of this land. 
 
 Thefe veffels being once prepared by the Author, 
 may afterwards from time 10 rime, with little labor 
 and lefs coifhe repaired by the owners tbemfelves, 
 with fuch art a- fluff be manifefted to them upon 
 thdr fi r if handfel. 
 
Art and Nature. 
 
 
 *i 3 
 
 
 i'J’He price hereof is eade in ref pedl of thofegocd 
 1 ules for which it ferves. This Engine avoids all 
 wafte of meal and flower,*nd yet it divides the br. m 
 fufficiently from the flower. It will be a means to 
 fave bouiterSjVrhich is a matter of great charge unto 
 the Baker* 
 
 But the efpecial ufe thereof,is to avoid that grofle 
 and uncleanly manner of boulting which the Bakers 
 for want of this engine arc forced to ufe. All object- 
 ions that were made againft this invention ,by the Ba- 
 kers of the City of London, upon the view thereof, 
 were fufficiently refelled , in the prefence of divers 
 Citizens of good worfhip and accounted therefore 
 what inconveniences loever fhall hereafter either by 
 them or by any other be pretended againft the fame, 
 I would have them held for falfe and malicious .This 
 boulting Hutch is very durable, neither will it be 
 chargeable in reparation to the owner, 
 
 lie 1 S4&> a& 
 
2 Ijf. 
 
 The / eml Houfe of 
 
 l/\6. A *P ct table Pump. 
 
 X T will be in puce one of me cheapeft Pumps of 
 alliharl know oi ever heard of, and will require 
 but (mail reparations. 
 
 It is light in carnage, and may be tranfported 
 from place to place, by one fingle man without any 
 further help. 
 
 With the eafie hbdur of one man, it will deliver 
 four,five,or fix tun of water, every hour, according 
 as it is in bigneflfe, neither can a man poflibly be wea- 
 ry, though he fhould work five or fix hours toge- 
 ther,without inrermifiion. 
 
 Bang placed in a fit tub that is bored ful of floles, 
 or faflened in the water to a piece of Timber 5 itis a 
 very apt in fir urn ent for the dreining of the fencoun- 
 tries , or any other furrounded level , or (landing 
 water, pool, or pond, becaufe it is fo portable > and 
 needs no fattening at all on the ground, as other 
 pumps do* 
 
 It is alfo a very convenient Pump, for all (uch as 
 dwell near the river of Thames, to force up water 
 
 for 
 
Art And Mature . 
 
 215 
 
 for the fervice of their Kitchens, which may be per- 
 formed in a moft reafonable manner. 
 
 It is not amiffe, to have two or three of them in 
 ftore, for the neceffary fervice of every fhip in her 
 figh" 3 it any occafion be offered to ufe them upon a- 
 ny great or fudden leak : they are but little, and re- 
 quire fmall ftowage. 
 
 147 , A wholefome^ hfting^&nd frefh viBuallfor 
 the Navji 
 
 An En- 
 gine for 
 the ma- 
 king of 
 this vi&iN- 
 all. 
 
 W Hen Corn is fold for twenty {hillings the 
 quarter, then eight ounces thereof may be 
 afforded tor a penny, which is a competent meal for 
 
 any 
 
The lewel-Houfe of 
 
 it 6 
 
 any teafonable ftomach, and fcrveth both fot Bread 
 and meat* It is in fhape like wafers,light of carriage, 
 and will laft two or three years found and fweet,il it 
 be kept dry.lt may be ufed now md tlen,for change 
 of diet. Being carefully handled in the drefling,it will 
 be pleafing enough to the Mariner. 
 
 I48. A fpeedy way for the inning of any breach. 
 
 1 Think it poffible by this devile having prepared 
 1 fo many artificial ftones as fhall berequifite in 
 this work ( in one months fpace to (hut up the great 
 breach at Erith,and that in fo flrong and deferable a 
 manner as fhal befufficient to withftand all the rage 
 and fury of thole furges that fhall beat or break up- 
 on it. The charge of every yard fquare,will be much 
 about five {hillings* It is a very durable and tailing 
 manner of work,and may be wrought in any time of 
 the year. 
 
 149. A light garment t and yet fufficient again H all 
 rainy weather , 
 
 ’J’His garment wil not be much dearer then our 
 ordinary riding clokes. It may be made as light 
 or lighter then our ufual garments. A cloke may be 
 prepared in fuch manner , as that notwithfianding a 
 continual rain, it fhall not grow much more ponde- 
 rous, then it was being dry. 
 
 This is done by putting a {efficient quantity ofLin- 
 feed oyl, mixed with Rofin, and boiled to a vernifh, 
 withVerdigreafejVermiltionj, or what elfeyou will 
 chufe to colour the fame.and when you find that it is 
 not chmray,but cafts a bright colour upon s rag of 
 cloth dipt in it, then dip therein your cloth,wbereof 
 you would itu kc your garment, and f pread it abroad 
 and let it dry leifurely. 
 
Art and Nature . 
 
 An Additional Difccurfe offeveral 
 
 forts of Stones, Minerals, withGum$,and the rare 
 
 vertucs and uics thereof* 
 
 A Lthough the word Mineral fignifics rraetcal, or any 
 thing digged out of the earth, yet I (hall not need to 
 difcourfc of fomc of thofc forts, as Iron,f inn, Copper, 
 and others that arc within every ones knowledge, but 
 my drift is to fpeak of thofc things that arc moft rare, and the ufe 
 leaft known, beginning firtt with Quickfilver, which fome Phy- 
 lofophers call the nut her of nU mcttals. and doubdefle is of moH 
 fecrct nature, and is a$ excellent in operation, as it is of variety in 
 ufe and pra-^ife. 
 
 Quick filver ingenders in the earth , yet feems to be of fuch a Quick 
 fubtile body that the earth cannot hold itfecretly making its paf- filver, 
 (age through the fame, and working it felf through feveral veins 
 thereof, which (ome take to be the caule of thofc damps, which 
 at certain times docorpein Coal-pits and fuch like places , and 
 an Apothecary did affirm tint© me, that not long fincc he found 
 in a Cellar a great quantity thereof, and by fortifying his fpirits 
 with ftrong water; he got plenty of the fameiar his ulc. It sin 
 it ielf no lefle then a cold poifon,yet being prepared according to 
 Arc, it is of Soyeraign ufe in Phyfick, and fometimes it is given 
 in its natural body, an ounce and a half,or 2 ounces at a time, in- 
 wardly, for a ffoppage in the go's, arid lome take it in milk to kill 
 worms, but let them be fare that the quantity given be ponderous 
 enough to make its way clean threugh the body. This mint ril is 
 alfo of fingular ufefor dividing anti parting ofmrttals, its own 
 body being afterwards evaporated with the fire according to the 
 arc ofthej^/zs^laftly Quuickfilver hath its denomination from 
 Mercurint} for the ancient and befi Phylofopbers comrade all 
 mettak into feven^ccording to the number of Planets by whom 
 they write that they are governed. 
 
 F f J Lead, 
 
 mmmmwmmmmsmmsmm 
 
2 1 8 
 
 Tbt lmel - Houf* of 
 
 Lead. Lead, is another fort of Mineral, and of this there be fcvera 1 
 forts, viz. white Lead, black Lead, and red Lead, the ufes of all 
 tbefe forts arc feveral,and being well known I need not to fpeak 
 any more hereof. 
 
 Bote-ar- Bolearmoniack^, is a reddifh mine, or ft one ; thcgoodncfte 
 maniac k. whereof is difeerned by touching it with your tongue, and if ic 
 cleave faff to the famejit is the beft Bolearmoniack: it is of a ve- 
 ry binding nature, and much ufed in the making up of divers 
 plaifters, and is alfo of great venue againft the plague. 
 
 Vcrtoilli- Cmopir , Is a fofc red (tone found in mines (very admirable fer 
 
 ©n. ks colo uncommonly called VerntUUsn. 
 
 There is brought out of Arabia a ftonc called Abefton, of the 
 Abefton. colour of Iron, which hath fb rare a vertue, that being once let 
 on fire, it bums like a torch, and can very hardly be quenched, 
 
 1 wonder fome ingenious Engineer or Fire. Matter, doth roc 
 make fome triall hereof, for doubrlcffc he would find out dome 
 rare experiment thereby, very wbrthy, and richly anfwering his 
 expectation. 
 
 Diamond! We have in England a ftonc or mineral called a Briftol ftonc 
 (becaufe many arc found thereabouts) which much refembles the 
 Adamant or Diamond, which is brought out of Arabia and Cy« 
 pros; but as it is wanting of the fame hardnefie, lb falls it fhoit 
 of the like vertues : and though the Adamant be the hardeftof 
 r all fton'es, yet is it fofined with Goars bloud, and there is a fpe- 
 fleae. * c * la * Antipathy between that and the Loadftone, which is of the 
 colour of rufty iron, and hath an admirable vertue not onely to 
 draw Iron to it felf,but alio to make any iron upon which it is 
 rubbed to draw iron alfo. It is written notwithstanding, that be- 
 ing rubbed with the juyee of Garlicky lofeth that vertue , and 
 cannot then draw iron, as likewife if a Diamond be layed dole 
 unto it. 
 
 This ftone is found in the Indian fea, and alfo in the Country 
 of Trachomas. It is of greateft ufe in navigation, for by it Sail- 
 ors find out the cretain eourfe of their voyage,the Needle(in their 
 Compaffe)tempercdherewkh J fiili landing dire&Iy towards the 
 
 North and South* 
 
 ^ .... The Beni, is a precious ftone, brought out of India,cut mod 
 
 commonly with fix corners,apd fee in Rings. It is of a greenifh 
 
 colour like unto the fea* 
 
 There 
 
Art md Nature , 
 
 2ip 
 
 There is a Hone brought: cue of iEthiopia and Arabia, of a Blood- 
 dark colour, like unco congealed blood. This Hone is of nature & one . 
 very afiridhvc, Hopping ifiues of blood, and is fonaetimes made 
 ufe of for-the eating of proud fkfh out of .wound s 5 k being of far 
 greater efficacy then burnt Aliom* 
 
 There is, another Hone, which although I cannot properly cal k 
 a mineral, y et for the rare vertues it hath I cannot pafs it by with# Bexar- 
 cut fome obfervations thereon* Ic is of excellent venue againfi ftone 4 
 poyfon, very coflly, and of great account in Pnyfick,being com- 
 pounded of certain thin feales one upon another, like an Onion, 
 and if it continue long in water ic melee sh : The middle pare is 
 femew hat hollow, andfullof powder, of the fame nature the 
 Hone is of, which is a fure mark to know whether the Hone be 
 fine and true, 
 
 This Hone is taken out of a bead in India much like a Hare, 
 
 /ave that his horns are like Goats horns. The occaiion of this 
 ftones growing fome write to be this : This beaff going to the den 
 of Serpents, doth with his breath compel them to come forth, 
 and then cats them ; then he goes and plungeth him fell into* wa- 
 ters'll he perceiveth the fury of the venome to be paft,and til then 
 they will not drink a drop ; after thisjthey feed upon many heal- 
 thy herbs, known to them upon natural inftm$:,to be ofvertue 
 sgainft poyfon, and by the mixture of thefe herbs with the Ser- 
 pents eaten before, thefe Bezar Hones are very ftrangely ingen- 
 dred within them. It is often given in high Fevers, and to defend 
 and fupport the heart, and drive any evil matter from ir, 3, yq or 
 7 grains at a time, according to the nature of the difeafe, and the 
 firength of the patient. C Af ' 
 
 There is a precious Hone ( rather for its luftre then any other Ji^ / 
 vertue I find ofit)callcd a Chryfolite. It is of the coleus of Gold, 
 and fhinerh brighteftin the morning, and is apt to receive da- 
 mage if it be held too near the fire. 
 
 An Emerald is a precious ftone, the greenefi of all other, for 
 which caufc it is very comfortable to the fight • the befi of thefe 
 Hones are brought cur of Scythia , and Abertus writeth, that if 
 the Emerald be good, it inclinech the bearer thereof to Chafhty, 
 and cannot endure the sdlion of Luft; but I do not know 
 whether it retaineth this quality in fo cold a Clymate as England 
 
 EmeraHH 
 
220 
 
 The le&ci-Houfc of 
 
 J jacinth* 
 
 Jafper- 
 
 Henc. 
 
 Jafponyx, 
 
 Jazulci 
 
 Tynotris. 
 
 Onyx* 
 
 Opal, 
 
 Topafe. 
 
 Orchal# 
 
 In Ethiopians found a precious Rone called a Jaci nth, where- 
 of we find two kinds,the one of a pale yellow colour, and the o- 
 ther of a clear bright yellow , which is accounted the befi. It 
 is cold of nature, very comfortable to the body,, and provoketh 
 fleep. 
 
 The I after Rene is of divers colours but the bcR is green,tian- 
 fparenc wi h red veins. and RieweihfaireR being let in River, and 
 is good to flop any ifl ue of blood* 
 
 The Iaftonyx is a precious Rone, of a white colour with 
 red Rreaks , and the laziule is of a blew azure colour* They 
 are both very coRIy , and therefore are be- ft, for the eye fighr, 
 if a man hath them of his own* The Jazule is a kind of Mar- 
 ble, and in home cafes may be uted in Phyfick; it is hot and dry, 
 und being well prepared is good againft melancholy, and by 
 cleanRng &he bloud it hath a fecret venue to prefer ve one from 
 Leprofie. 1 
 
 The isa bright fhining Rone, andfometimes ofa 
 
 dark yellow colour like Saffron* This Rone groweth of the urine 
 of the beaR Linx y being congealed ; which urine the Lynx hi. 
 deth ( as Pliny wrireth ) becaufe men Riould not find it; it is 
 good a£ain.R4be-|rzm~m the Romack ? ycllow Jaundics 5 and lcQfe- 
 nefle ( f th ■ body* 
 
 The Q**jx is a precious Rone found in the. Mountains of 
 Arab/a of the colour of a mans nail. Seme write that it is 
 congealed of a juyee, dropping from a tree called Otiicha , which 
 is thccaufe that it fmelleth fweet being caR into the fire , as 
 alio that it is often found with divers pi£hires in it, being 
 eaRly therein fa fhi< nod, before the Rone be throughly hardned* 
 
 Op^/isa precious Rone of divers colours, wherein appear- 
 ed the fiery firming of the Carbuncle , the purple colour of 
 the the green fhew of the Efnral&jn ry Rrangcly. 
 
 mixed together. 
 
 The T op-afe isa precious Rone, whereof there are tw f o kinds-, 
 one ©f the colour of gold, and the other ofa Saffron colour not fa 
 good as the fir ft; it is written that this Rone being put into feeth# 
 hg v?a ?er,dotb fb cool it, that one may prefendy take it out with 
 his hand. 
 
 Qr'chalis a fcone rcfcmbling allom, and many do make ufc 
 thereof, for to make them have a red and perfeft colour. 
 
 nl Margarices 
 
Art and Nature* 
 
 221 
 
 t 
 
 Margarites arc little pearls found in ftiell fifh , cfpecially in Marg* 
 Oyfters, whereof fome have holes in them, and forae have none, 1 ^* 
 thebeftare brought out ©f India, yet they are alfo found in 
 our Englifh feas, as alfo in the Flemmtjh and Almain , and the 
 faireft Mar ga rites grow in young fhels. Some write , that itr 
 Thunder the Oyfters do cift them up , as it were In way of a. 
 bortion , which is the caufe they are often found in the fandv 
 They are fometimes ufed by Phifitians in Cordial confections, 
 for they comforc the fpirics , and are therefore good againft 
 founding, having venue alio to flop iffues of blood, or any leof ^ 
 nefleof the body- 
 
 I have feen very fair Margarites alfo, taken outof a fti II fifli 
 called a’ jfrerfe on the infide of the faid fhef remains 
 
 the true mother of pearl. I knew an honourable Lady, which 
 by the imploying three or four men to catch thefe fifh out of the 
 waters, took with a little charge, fo many ripe Oriental Marga- 
 rites, as made a very rich double Necklace. Alio I knew one Mr. 
 
 Prims s Davis { a very ingenious Genr. ) who by making ufe of 
 fome vacant hours in taking up the/e fhels, in a fhort time got fa 
 many Margarites of an even fize and good colour, as made him 
 a very choice Hatband, The fhels of thefe fifh are on the out. 
 fide very black, and are not fo great as other horfe MuffelsJhavc 
 feen in Buckingham (hire and other countries , and they are fa 
 plentiful! in fame parts oft he river of Clm ( which comes out 
 ©f Mon r gomery (hire, through fomepart of Shropfhire)that they 
 do more then cover the bottome of that river.and were it not for 
 the dcepnefle of the water, there would be no difficulty in taking 
 ofphem*Ihave fonaefewof the faid Margarites which I took 
 out ©f the fhel my felf to fee the experiment, and I further gained 
 this knowledge thereby* That all fuch that have Margarites in 
 them, are rough and craggy cn the outfide, the reft are all plain,, 
 by which obfervation I foon avoided fruitlefle labour, in opening 
 filch as had nothing in them, I found alio many fair ones which 
 were not fu'ly ripe 9 and fo came fhort of that bright Oriental 
 colour which others have* 
 
 This I have been the larger in difeourfing of, becaufe it is a 
 rarity that ©ur own country affords, and is Iefte known and fpo- 
 ken of, then feme things that are oflcffe worth, and great note 
 here, which come as far as Afia 
 
 ' Ff |, M&. 
 
*11 
 
 The lewd- Houfe of 
 
 And akhough fome parts of Wales are ?ery barren by rea- 
 fon of the rockincfs thereof, yet I have obferved that even where 
 the. earth is leaft fruitfullfo: corn or grafle , there it is moft rich 
 in Minerals, as for example, I have teen digged out of one and 
 the fame mountain, Free- ftone Iron-ftcne, Lime- ftone, Pit coal, 
 ftoti°&c anc * ^ nc P 0[ters clay, fuch as we make Tobacco pipes of. 
 
 * I have aifo digged out ©fa mine, a bright fort of Ore, much 
 
 Ore’ un£0 ’ eac ^> an ^ ycr y Ponderous, the ufe or venue thereof is 
 
 * not known, and yet there feems to be great quantities there©f,and 
 is certainly worthy the trial and experiment of the skilful! Ar- 
 tiff* I have alfo fecn a rock of pure white ftone, and in glittering 
 and brightnefle far exceeding the AIabafter,onely it is fomething 
 foftcr, and not altogerher fo ponderousjt is at leaft very delight- 
 fome to the eye, and doubtlefie would be found offingular ufe 
 were there any plenty thereof brought up to London. 
 
 I could in large my feif very far in difeonrfing of feveral other 
 minerals, which our own land affords, but for that Ifhail refer 
 you to the foregoing part of this book tooching Aiarlr > and fiial 
 wind up all in this. 
 
 A Jeweller of my acquaintance riding into Suffolk, took up in 
 the high way, about four miles from Sudbury, a (mall ftone of a 
 reddifh colour (like unto a dull or courfe Ruby) and upontriall 
 •thereof in the cutting, he found it to be of profitable ufe. Info- 
 much that Sior ly after he made a journey down on purpofe,and 
 found fuch a quantity of thofe ftones amongft the pibblciand 
 gravel!, that he was well payed for his journy, and hath to this 
 day w her with to pkafure bis friend. And now a word or two of 
 the Carbnncle^Sdb according to;my promile I proceed ro Guros^ 
 Tbe word Carbuncle hath two fignifi cations, namely, a precious ftone, 
 Caebirn- an d a dangerous fore. A Carbnnde ftone is of the colour of fire. 
 de t It hath many vertucs , but chiefly prevails againft infectious air, 
 the beft of thefe ftones will fhinc in the darknefle like a burning 
 coal, Thefe ftones are found in Af>*sa. Secondly a Carbuncle 
 is a dsfeafe, botch, or ulcer; in Greek Anthrax , caufed of grofie 
 hot blood w hich raiiesbhfter* and burns the skin, and this difi* 
 eafe is ever accompanied with a Feaver, 
 
 Camphirc Camp fcreM a little kind of gum as Avictn writes, but Plan* 
 tarim laith it is the juyee of an herb ; it is of a white colour and 
 cold 8c dry in operation, and more freqaendy applied outward- 
 1 y,then taken inwardly, AtP 1 ** 
 
Art and Mature, 
 
 Amber is a kind 6f yellow Gum, and becommeth very 
 hard in drying. Mejfte faith, that it groweth upon a tree called Amber. 
 
 Ibex Romana, but Diofcorides faith, that it falleth in manner of 
 
 Liquor fcomthe Poplar tree in the River P§ in Italy, where it 
 congealeth, and becommeth hard, it eomforteth the brain, and 
 \9 very good againft confumptions* This Gum huth alio an at- 
 tractive vertue like the Loadftone, for if it be right Amber s itwiil 
 draw a thread of Linnen unto it in the fame manner as the Load- 
 ftone draws Iron.This is hot that which is called A mber.greecc, 
 for that is not any Gui% ; 
 
 AffataftUtt t is a dryed Gumor Liquor brought out of Me- 
 did * nd SjrUy of a ftrong loathfonic favour, and is fometimes ap- AffatafctL 
 plyed outwardly to the body, but it ismoft commonly ufed to ta * 
 allay the fits of the Mother by fmclling to it ; they write that in- 
 wardly taken, it bath the like operation of C ant ar ad* s> to pro- 
 voke tuft, But let him chat that caketh it have regard to the 
 quantity, as well as how it is to be mollified, left he find as bad 
 an inconvenience therein, as many have done by taking Cant a- 
 radts, which hath caufed them to pifs bloud many days after. Ammei 
 Ammonickls a kind of Gum like Frankincenfe ; it grows in nick, 
 Libya where Ammons Temple was* There is a kind of fait fo 
 called, which is found in Africa under the lands, and is like 
 Aliom. This being applycd to the fide, helps the hardnefs and 
 pain of the Spleen. 
 
 Anime is a white Gum, brought out of the Weft Indies 
 which is very pleafant in fmell,and of little other veraie. 
 
 B dehum is a Gum brought out of Arabia > or the Holy Land, BdcliumJ 
 of a fweet fmell and bitter raft, ( which in part makes good the 
 old Proverb, That all things that taft well y fmeR well 5 but aft 
 things that fmeRweR do not taft weRM hath vertue to mollifie 
 hard lweilings, and is good againft ftiftnefs of finews,and other 
 parts, and againft the biting ©f venomous bcafts. Benfwiae 
 
 Benfwine is afweecfmellingGum, and is good againft hoarf- 
 nefs, and the Cough, being diilolved into water, and drunk. It 
 hath many ocher excellent vertues in Phyfick.but the tree wher- 
 bn it groweth is not certainly known, 
 
 is a Gum brought out of the Weft Indies^ of great ... ^ 
 
 vertue againft Aches proceeding of cold* 
 
 Ttagmmth is a kind of Gum, the beft whereof h dear, aiid 
 
 fome- 
 
2 24 
 
 The level- Hiufe of 
 
 Traga- (bmewhat fweeun taft; it is often ufed againft coughs ; and rough 
 canrfi. hoarfnefTe of the throat, and if it be made into a confe&ion with 
 other ftmples, it is good againft hot difeafes of the breaft, Pluri- 
 fies, incarnations of the Lungs, and diftillations from the bead. 
 This confection is called at the Apothecaries Dia Traga* 
 cant hum-, but I would rather commend to my friends Did Tri* 
 mfantdlon 9 which is good againft the a f orcfaid.gr iefs,and againft 
 burning agues, and to refrefh the inward parts, inflamed with too 
 much heat. 
 
 Euphor • Euphorbiuna, is a gum,or the tears of a Grange plant growing 
 
 Mutn, l t h c mount At l at in Lyhi*\ kis ycllowifh clear and brittle, 
 
 and may be u(cd in Palfics ( made into an oyntment) as alfofor 
 the cramp and finews that arc flirunk; but to be taken inwardly 
 it is very dangerous, anleffe the malice thereof be well cor re<$- 
 cd , for it (cildcth and is exceeding hot, even to the fourth 
 degree. 
 
 Gaiks** Galbanum, is a gum or liquor drawn out of a plant in Syria 
 muni called Mercopion^ it is of a ftrong favour, and veiy pure, clofe, 
 and firm,ncither too moift nor too dry* it is good againft^iroM 
 cougb,and forfuch as cannot eafily fetch breath, and the perfume 
 thereof drives away Serpents from the place where it is burnt* It 
 being applied to the womb of a woman, haftens both birth, 
 and after birch^nd being applied to the navi!, it fiaieth the ftrang- 
 lingof the womb, commonly called the fits of the mother;ic helps 
 -pains in the fides being applied tbereto,and the fmel thereof helps 
 the vertigo or diflincfle in the head as Gotten hath it* 
 
 Gum Arabick grows in Egypt,upon a little -thorn tree called 
 
 Gum A» Ac*eia k The Ladies now a days make ufe thereof to faften on 
 irabick, their black patches, but it is of better ufe for making ©fink, as al- 
 io with the confectioner, and is of feverail other c©mmon ufes 
 of which it is not my intent to treat here, as holding it too vub 
 gar a fubjedf* 
 
 Hypoquiftidoes, is a gum or fubftancc that grows at the roots 
 Hypoqui- of a plant called Ciftsu> which being bruifed yeclds a liquor cal- 
 £lidoes # ] ec j t he Apothecaries as aforefaidjit cold af operarion,and hath 
 a fpecial vertue to ftop all bleedings : Lasks> and Fluxes of the 
 belly : We have alio a certain kind of plums fol d by the Apo- 
 thecary, called /*/#£?/, which is in fafnion much like an Olive, 
 but in taft Tweeter, having a hard long ftonc,and being kept long 
 
Art a*d Nature. 
 
 they are dry and full of wrinckles,thcy arc temperate inbeac and 
 cold* They are good againft all exulcerations of the bladder and 
 inflamations of the kidneys and the liver ; but when once thefe 
 parts come to be defe$ive,the cure thereof oftentimes proves like 
 Hydra ( the beafi with whom Hercules fought) that having 
 one head cut oft , there prefently fprnfig forth two heads in the 
 fame place* 
 
 Lacca> is a kind of red Gum brought out of Arabia, good a. Laeca* 
 gainft difeafesof the breaft, and comfortable for the Liver, but it 
 muft be compounded with fuch things as have a fecrec faculty to 
 convey the vertue thither. 
 
 Laudanum , is a yellowifli Gum,as fome write;notwithftan- Lauda 
 ding others affirm it t© be made of a dew, which fallcth upon a nunrf 
 certain hearb in Greece, Avicen faith, it is taken hanging on the 
 hair of a Goats beard that hath fed upon that plant* It is hoc 
 and dry, and fweet offmell, if it be pure* It is often ufcd in Po- 
 manders, and being anoin.ed on the head with oyl of Mirtlcs, 
 
 It doth (Lengthen the skin , and keep hair from falling off. I: 
 opens the mouth of the veins, helps pains in the ears, and hard- 
 flelfeof the womb, butts not at any time taken inwardly, as 
 many other gums aresbeing put into ointments, it is very ftrengch* 
 ning,and comfortable for the finews. 
 
 Larch Turpentine , is a Turpentine or Rofin, growing upon 
 the Larch tree in Italy, ufed often in oyntments and implaifters, 
 tocleanle and heat wounds, it may be alfo taken inwardly with % - in ^ r ^ en - 
 honey, and then it cleanfeth the breaft, loofeneth the belly, and 
 expelleth the ftone and gravell* it is alfo good againft che fplcen, 
 but that which is moft proper and efficacious again ft that grief 
 is Tamarisks , which is a little tree bearing leaves not much un- 
 like toheath, The decotftion whereof taken with wine and a 
 little vinegar, is of great vertue againft: the flopping or hardndfe, 
 of the fpleen or melt. For this tree by nature dothfo waft th e 
 melt, that Swine which have been daily fed out of a veftel mad? 
 thereof, have been found to have no Melt at all* 
 
 Turpentine, being waftacd and refined is called Venis Tur- 
 pentine, which being incorporated with Cinamon, Nutmeg, and 
 the blood ©f Dragons*or Gum D ragaganc, and made int© Pils, 
 is good for a pain in the back by reaion of wcaknefle,and for the 
 running of the Reins* 
 
 ©g 
 
 Lentuk 
 
 UJ 
 
2% g Tbi Imel - Houfc $f 
 
 Mafticfc Lentisk, is a tree growing in divers hot Countreys, which 
 beareth the notable Gum called Maftick* The leaves and bark 
 ®f this tree flop all Loofnefsand Iffues ot bloud whatfoever. We 
 have in England alfo a kind of fruit or grain, called Lemils,round 
 and a little flat, and of colour fomething black, or brown, which 
 being boyled but once, they loofen the belly, but at the fccond 
 boy ling in another water, they are of a binding nature, being 
 then good to flop the Bloody- flux, or any leofoncfs of the bo- 
 dy. 
 
 Maffick ftrengchcfts the ftomack* and helpethfucb as vomit or 
 {pit bloud : It faftens the teeth, and ftrengthencth the Gums, be- 
 ing chewed in the mouth, and is of great ufc in Salves and Plai* 
 flers. 
 
 Liquid Amber, is a fwcet Rofin, brought from the Weft-In- 
 dies, comfortable to the brain, or any grief proceeding from 
 cold caufes* This is not that which is called Amber gteece, 
 wb'ch MejfueaAkth, The fpawn of the Whale fifh : Avicen 
 affirmeth that it groweth in the fea ; others write, that it is a foam 
 caft up on the Chore, and found cleaving to thcfloncs, which I 
 rather incline unco,becaufe I have heard of fome quantity thereof 
 found near the fea- Chore in England, The fume thereof is good 
 againft the Falling fickneft, and comfortable for the brain. 
 
 We have alfo a thing called Litargity which is a foam that 
 nfethfrom Lead, when it is tryed j It is cold of operation, and 
 often ufed by Ghyrurgians inOyntments and Plaifter£ being of a 
 gentle drying, and clenflng bindirg nature. 
 
 In holy Scripture we read of Maundy to be a delicate food 
 Mannar w hich God fent from heaven to the Ifraelitcs in manner of a 
 dew, white , and fomewhat like Coriander feeds, with which the 
 liiaelitcs lived fourty years in the wildemefs,till they came to the 
 borders of the land of Canaan i At the firft fending hereof, the 
 people were in fueh admiration, that they faid Manhn ( id eft) 
 What is this ? which feemeth to be the caufe, why it was after- 
 wards called Manna. Seme Phyfttians fay it is a kind of Gttm r 
 but others take it to be a kind of Dew which falieth in hot coun- 
 treys upon trees, and there congeals, almoft like Crums of white 
 bread, and is gathered, and choicely kept, as a gentle purgerof 
 Choler* It is alfo comfortable and ftrengthcfiing, and may be gi* 
 yen to children, and is very good for elder pcrfpns which are ui 
 , - ' " ; " ' % ?n y 
 
Art and Nature, 
 
 a*7 
 
 any Confumption or any weakneffe, being diffolved in Goats 
 milk, AfTcs milk, or the milk of a red Cow, 
 
 Whilcft I am (peaking of things that are of nature cold • if it 
 might not be thought too far a digreffion from my former dif- 
 cour(e, I would fpeak a word or two concerning the Mandrake, 
 
 A Mandrake according to the common fence in Phyfick, is an ifandrtffl 
 herb bearing yellow round apples* The root of this herb is great 
 atad white, like a Radifh root, and is divided into two or more 
 parrs, growing often like unto the legs of a man. This root but 
 efpecially the bars thereof, Is excreamly cold and dry, even ro 
 the fourth degree.lt is therefore very dangerous to receive inward# 
 ly; for that the leaft quantity too much will kill any man,Chy- 
 rurgeans ufe to fieep this root in wine, and give it to fuch as they 
 cut, faw,burn,or take off a limb, for the cold operation thereof 
 caufeth a dead deep, and makes the body unfenfible for a time. 
 
 I dare not preferibe the quantity to be taken at a time; for one- 
 ly fuch as are skilful! in the work, muff meddle with fuch edge 
 ed- tools* 
 
 1 fhall det need to meddle with fuch Mandrakes as arc fpo* 
 ken of in the Scripture, for that I am furc we know not where 
 to find them; but I have read of another fort of Mandrake which 
 is (aid to have the perfed refemblance of a man or woman,and as 
 fome write, have life before they are found ( but he muff be a 
 better Philofopher then my felf that believes it.) 
 
 The Mirchtfitc is a (tone, participating with the nature of pMercka* 
 feme mettals, yet in fo fmall a quantity, that the mettals cannot be jitc f 
 melted from it, but will vapour away in fmoke , thd ftonc turn- 
 ing to allies. ThdeMerchafites are commonly in colour like the 
 mcttal mixc$F 6/ith them , whether it be gold , fiber , or other 
 mettal mix^d with them;fome affirm aMer^hafite to be any done 
 cut of wpich fire may be firuck. 
 
 Muinp%ia y is more like unto Pitch then Rcfin, and is fold by w „ . ^ 
 the Apothecaries* ( I would not bring^ny in diflike thereof, for • — * 
 
 that it is approved to be good and wholefome*) Some do af- 
 firm that it is taken put of old Tombs^eing a corrupted humour 
 that droppeth there from embalmed bodies : Others fey 
 it is now made of mans flefii boyled in pitch; but this I am 
 fere of, that it is hot in the fecond degree, and good againff all 
 biuifcs, (pitting ofbloud ? and many other inward difeafes. 
 
 G? 2 MirMUxs 
 
3 2 8 The Jewel- Houfe of 
 
 Myrobo. MirohaUns, is a fruit growing in jEgypt and Syria, like 
 Plumbs or Darofons. There are five kinds hereof, difhnguifhed 
 by their names, Citrina^ fud^Cepul^Emblicaj and Billirtea* 
 They are cold in operation, and comfortable to nature 5 the firft 
 of tfoefe purgeth Choler, the fecond Melancholy, and three lafi 
 Phlegm. Some write of a Gum proceeding from the tree, but 
 * in legard I find no vertue in it, I may as well pafs it by, as I fhal 
 tf* Gum that cometh out of our EngliflifPlumb* trees, 
 
 M , Myrrh, is a Gum brought out of Arabia and Affrtca+ ©Fco* 
 ^ ' lour between white and ted ;.4usjhogra 
 
 gree, or as fome write, in the third, and is ofterrufed in Phyfick, 
 being of an opening, clenfing, and diffolving nature. Poets feign, 
 tha^Myrrh firft came by reafon ©f a Kings daughter, named 
 Mjrrha , who for a grievous crime committed, was by the Gods 
 turned into a little tree, and one o{ the branches thereof this 
 Gum fiill dreppeth in the manner of tears, as a token of her re» 
 pentarn for row*. 
 
 Niter is a fubftance which cotnmeth near to a Mineral ; it is 
 Niteri diflillcd out of the earth, and is a fubftance like fait, feyt fometimes 
 of a lighter red colour. It is hot and dry, of a firong fretting na- 
 ture, very near unto falt-pceter. There is an excellent: fruit of 
 this name, very hot and firong 5 A drop or two thereof is very 
 excellent sgainft fome difeafes,taken in a proportion of Beer, or 
 fome other liquid fubfiance* 
 
 OblibaS Obhbaitum , is the right Frankincenfe,and is a Gum growing 
 slum*. in Arabia, whereof there are two kinds, the female and fmaller 
 
 Frankineenfe, and che male or greater Frankineenfe, whiter and 
 Wronger, of which ^VVg/7fpeaketh,£c/^. 8 Bume V ttvitserfat 
 andftrotig Frdnkittcenfet&c. it is hot and dry , and good for 
 perfumes to c©rre 6 l infeffion, and to put in piaifters for green 
 wounds. The weight of two ©r three wheat corns fwallowed 
 down doth help digefiion, and maketh the breath fwcet; where 
 / — note that the right Oblibanurn or Frankincenfe will burn like a 
 candle, and that which is counterfeit confume nway in fmoke* 
 Opcpa- Opopamx is aGum,fap,or Iiquor,flowing in fome hotcountries 
 out of a plant calledPanax,ic is brought hither dry, being ofa yel* 
 low color on the outride and white within, ifit be not over fta!e,ic 
 is go ad againftcold fhiverings of agues, and to be drunk with 
 Mead of fuchas arc fquat orhrutfedj.but in other griefs 1 rather 
 ■ v. f " ” "V ‘ ‘ commend 
 
JLrt and Nature ♦ 
 
 22 p 
 
 commend the taking inwardly of Muhridate, which i$ a great 
 confc&iefc fomewhat like Treacle invented by King Mithridates 
 from whom it taketh the name ; it is of lingular verti}c againff 
 poylon, and hath io many and flrong fimples in it, that it ought 
 not to betaken inwardly before it be fix moneths old, and then 
 it will expel any cv'ill thing from the heart , yet if one be weak 
 and in a confumption , I (hall rather commend that which is 
 ffrefcgthening and healing for the lungs , for which I find Orin- 
 goes ycry profitable^ and thele Orhgoes are certain roots grow* 
 mg in lome places near the Sea- fide*. The plant is called Sea 
 Holley , bearing prick ley broad leaves, and round Oiaip prickly 
 beads, fet about with Imall sky coloured flowers, Thefe roots 
 are very long and deep in the ground , of an affay colour on the 
 ©utfide and full of joynts, you muff ferape off the outward rind, 
 and pick out the pith, and prelerve them with iugar or honey, 
 a little Cinamon and Ginger, and it is very good for aged peo- 
 ple, andfuch as be coniutned in their bodies to nourifh them 
 again* 
 
 Pimpirchi, : s a rnilky Gum or juice drawn out of certain trees Pampk* 
 in India 5 it is thick and clammy , and purgeth Choler with great 
 vchemercy ; but that which is mere commonly ufed to purge 
 this humour, is called Diagrtdium : For there is a plant called 
 $cam©nie, growing in far hot Countrcys,the juice whereof being 
 dryed, is a very ffr©ng and purgative medicine.called alfo Scamo- 
 nie, which before it can be ufed in Phyfick, muff be boyled 
 in Quinces,, to abate the malice of it, and the Scamonie boyl- 
 cd and prepared in this fort, is called by the Apothecary, Dia* 
 gridium# 
 
 Sag4fernum, is the lap or Gum ©fa plant growing in Media, 
 of a yellowifh colour without, and white within : It ia hot and 
 dry, of a flrong frnell like Garlick,and is ufed in Phyfick againff ^ 
 divers cold difeales* but hath lome malignant faculties, therefore 
 I rather commend unto you DiaUcca , which is a confe&ion 
 made of Gum Lacca, which is alio good againff all colddifea# 
 fes^pdr the flopping of the Liver, and all other caufes chat may 
 taring a man into a Dropfie ; and whileft I am 1 peaking of Me- 
 dicines good againff cold diffempers I cannot omit the mention- 
 ing ot Diag*fdxga 9 \v\\ich is a confection made of Galiingal and 
 hotfpiccs, good againff the wind- Collick, and other fuch like dr- 
 Campers in the inward parts* £ nmol!#. 
 
Thelemt-Houfe if 
 
 230 
 
 Sfroocol- Sercocotttty is a Gum brought out of Perfia which is red and 
 l» # bitter in taft; it is of a healing nature, and therefore often ufed to 
 dole up wound$,and fill corrupt ulcers with new flefh^for which 
 caufe it is named in Greek SarocdH^ which figmfieth a glewer, 
 or healer up of the flefh, therefore is better to be applied to a cut 
 prefendydone, before it wrankletlyhcn to a bruife or old grief. 
 
 Stesha- Stic hade es, is a beautifull hearb bearing fair knobs or cart, 
 
 docs, which being boiled or drunken^doth open the fioppage of all in- 
 wa rd parts, and is good againfl the pain of the head, and difeafes 
 •f the breaft.There is a Gum naturally congealed hcreef,but it is 
 more rare then ufefull* 
 
 Tacama- Tacacnahaca. is a Rofin brought out of the Weft Indies , of 
 baca. great vertue againfi any cold humour rifing of the mother 3 tooth» 
 ach g and divers other griefs. 
 
 Camj&ire Camphire, is a kind of Gum, or Rofin which is cold, and 
 therefore eafeth pains of the head, proceeding of heat. A little 
 quantity thereof is often ufed in ©yntments, as in Flos unguent *• 
 turn and others; it being diflolyed^fome make ufe thereof (efpe- 
 daily women) againfl the redneffe of the face, Morphews and? 
 fpots* but as to the latter J do commend oyl of Torcer, which 
 may fafely be ufed in (mail pox, after they fhool off, for with 
 good effe& 1 have feen the experience thercof,both in taking away 
 the fpots, and clofing up the places pitted. 
 
 Gum Elemi is exceeding good for a fra&ure* of the fcul, as lU 
 HcieI® p 0 wounc ] g> an d therefore is ufed in plaiflers for that end, in Ar- 
 
 ceus his iinament, which is well known to the learn td % dndifthe 
 fenll be broken it ought not to be handled bjtbcm thdt dre nn+ 
 skilfxd. 
 
 Perrofin, is thepureft of the Rofin before fpoken of, and 
 J’errofxn* fwceter in fmell; both the Rofins, Fwikinccnfey and Storax , 
 are commonly ufed together in falves or ointments. The fir tre© 
 affordedi plenty hereof, if you take him in his natural foil; in He- 
 reford fhire near unto Lempfler,I have feen many trees,which are 
 vulgarly called fir trees', but they are of another nature comming 
 nearer unto the Pine, out of which , if you cut but off a branch 
 near the flock, there iflueth forth plenty of juyee, which feme of 
 the people there call fiofia, others call it Turpentine, and in mall 
 I have found it in operation betwixt both, though in cffe& 
 weaker, 
 
 Scyrax 
 
Art and Nature \ 
 
 a 3 i 
 
 Styrax Calamintis, is good again ft coughs and diftillations Siyra^ 
 upon the Lungs§ it is the like in operation as Diacodium , and 
 fotnetimes' oneis ufed for the other, which the Apothecaries call 
 Qf*id pro qw; but in forae cafes it may not be profitable for the 
 patienr. 
 
 Caftorum, is good againft poifo!?,and the biting of venemous Caftdrm 
 beafts;it expels wind,eale$ aches and convvltions/he fmel of it al# 
 lays the fits of the mother* taken inwardly, it helps tremblings, 
 falling fickneflc, and other luch effedls of the brain and nerves, 
 a fcruple is enough to take at a time, and the fpirit is beft of all. 
 
 Had I leifure, I would write a large treatife of roots 9 berbs,plants 
 and fruits, which are but little known except amongft skilful! 
 pra&ifers. The thing would be of excellent ufc, I can now onely 
 give you a hint of what in time may be inlarged , by my felf,or 
 a more able pen. 
 
 There is a root brought out of tfie Weft Indies called Care* Ca^ofo 
 hSatitto s of a plea fane fmcll and bitter taft. The rind whereof ^ 
 
 being chewed in the mouth , draweth down flegm and humors 
 from the headland being taken in powder m wine, is good againft 
 divtrs inward difeafes. 
 
 Cafta , is commonly taken for Cinamon ; Fbets underftand of? Cal?&* 
 ten by it fome fweet herb, as in Virgil . 
 
 T am Cafi a atqne alt] int exons fuambtu her bis . 
 
 Alfo Ovid* QHod fwHsac Capas & narde lenis arifias 
 Qaaffaejne cum (ulna fabftravit Cinama mjrrha* 
 
 LaBantim alfo ? de Phanice , 
 
 Cinama dehhcauramque proculfpirantk amomi? 
 
 Conger it & mixto balfama cam folio • 
 
 Non Cafia mitis^nec elenthis vimen acanthi, 
 
 Necthuris Lachrtma^guttaquepinguts abeft* 
 
 Where we fee that it fignifics two [hmg^Cafia and Cinamsn* 
 
 Some think it to be Lavcnder^for my own part I know not what 
 Englifh name to give it, but I am lure that Capa jtgnea, is a fweet 
 wood,much like Cinamon, and of the lame nature. 
 
 Coca, is an herb growing in India, the leaves whereof being . . 
 
 bruifed or mixed with the powder of cockles, or ©y tiers in their Co — 
 (helSjburnrjthe Indians make it up into little bals,and tarry them 
 in their mouths, to prefe'rve them from famine, or great drought. 
 
 There be two fous of Ctov*/,the one white 3 and the other red, 
 
 " - ‘ ~ ‘ J ' bus 
 

 
 a j2 The lewel-Htufenf 
 
 Coral* but the red isbefl, it grows like a tree in the bottom ©f the Tea, 
 from whence being taken , it is by the air hardened in the form 
 ©f a ftone, as we (ce it; it is cold and dry in operation, good to 
 be hanged about childrens necks, as well to rub their gums, as 
 to preferve them from the falling ficknefsjit' hath alfo iornc fpeci- 
 alhmpathy with nature/or the beft Coral being worn about the 
 neck will turn pale and wan if the party that wears it be iick^nd 
 comes t© its former colour again, as they recover health. 
 
 Cetrach. We have growing inEngland upon rocks on the feafCGafyand 
 upon the decayed walls of lome old Cafiles , an herb called Ce~ 
 rach oi Fingtrfcrn, which hath neither flalk, flower, nor feed, (no 
 more hath Liverwort ) it is much ufed inPhiflck againft the black 
 Jaundies,quartane agues,and flopping of the fpleen. 
 
 # 2 Sena 9 is a little plant growing in Italy and other hot countries, 
 
 but t j lc beft i s brought from Alexandria fit is hot and dryland the 
 leaves often boiled in Phyfick to purge the body of melancholy, 
 grofle humours,and to cleanfe the blood ; but there rouft be An- 
 nifceds,Cinamon,oT Ginger, added to it, for that otherwife it will 
 provoke windinefle or griping in the guts. 
 
 SebeHens Sebeftens,arc little plums brought out of Icaly^of a blewifli co- 
 lour and fweet taft;they are cold and meift in operation, and ate 
 often ufed by the beft Phyfitians in hot agues, and inward infla- 
 mations of the body, 
 
 Mechoacan is a whitifti root brought out of India, called by 
 Mcclioa- ferae Indian or white Rubarb;itis hot in the firft, and dry in the 
 earn * feeend degree, and purges all humours of what kind foever with 
 much eafe; it cleanfes and comforts the liver, and aU the inward 
 pares* 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 ). 
 
) 
 
nun- 
 
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