Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2015 
 
 https://archive.org/details/suburbanruralarcOOblac_0 
 
DKSHIN FOll A VILLA (CKILMAX) I'LL 
 
INDEX OF CONTEXTS. 
 
 DKMliNHD H'. 
 
 Design No. 1. A Villa, German (^Frontispiece) Marchand. 
 
 
 
 
 Plate 
 
 1 to 
 
 face Page 3. 
 
 E. L. Bl.ACKBURNF. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Plate 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 4. 
 
 
 
 
 
 It !9 19 99 
 
 
 9* 
 
 3. 4 
 
 11 
 
 
 5. 
 
 
 If 
 
 ■11 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 7. 
 
 
 Marchand. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 8. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 9. 
 
 K. 
 
 L. Br.ACKBURXE. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ » 2. 
 
 3.4 
 
 11 
 
 M 
 
 10. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 11 
 
 11. 
 
 
 Marchand. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 H 
 
 f} 
 
 12. 
 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 6 A Detached Villa, English Gothic . . . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 11 
 
 13. 
 
 E. 
 
 L. Blackburn b. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 15. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. 4 
 
 11 
 
 
 16. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 18. 
 
 
 Marchand. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 E. 
 
 h. Blackburnk. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 M 
 
 ff 
 
 21. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 22. 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 A Pair of Detached Villas (German) . . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 H 
 
 23. 
 
 
 Marchand. 
 
 
 11 
 
 '/ «• n • • 
 
 
 * 99 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 24. 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 10 A Villa, Italian 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 »1 
 
 2G. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 * 19 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 29. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 H 
 
 31. 
 
 E. 
 
 L. Blackbcrne. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 2. 3 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 33. 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 13 A Pair of Semi-Detached Villas, Italian 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 99 
 
 34. 
 
 
 Marchand. 
 
 
 11 
 
 14 A Villa Residence (German) 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 11 
 
 37. 
 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 39. 
 
 
 ■• 
 
 
 •* 
 
 15 A Pair of Seven-Roomed Villas (Italian) 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 40. 
 
 E. 
 
 L. Blackbuknb. 
 
 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 1) 
 
 41. 
 
 
 " m 
 
 
 91 
 
 11 11 1) 11 11 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 99 
 
 42. 
 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 i» 
 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 11 11 n 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 43. 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 16 A Nine-Roomed Villa, Tudor Gothic . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 44. 
 
 
 Marchant>. 
 
 
 )9 
 
 
 
 
 2. 3 
 
 
 
 47. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 11 
 
 17 A Villa Residence, Detached German . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 49. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 It 
 
 18 A Pair of Semi-Detached Cottages. Swiss Style . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 
 52. 
 
 E. 
 
 L. Blaokbubnb. 
 
 •99 
 
 11 
 
 .. 
 
 11 
 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 
 „ 
 
 ii 
 
 ** 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 54. 
 
 
 11 
 
 V 
 
 
 ii ii ii ii- 
 
 ii 
 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 55. 
 
 
 •■ 
 
 1" 
 
 IT 
 
 19 A Detached Villa, Ten Rooms, Anglo-Italian .... 
 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 11 
 
 56. 
 
 
 ■• 
 
 ^1 
 
 99 
 
 ii ii ' , ii ii 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 58. 
 
 
 ■■ 
 
 1* 
 
 
 "20 A Pair of Kight-Roomed Cottages, Semi 
 
 Detached . 
 
 • 99 
 
 1 
 
 1) 
 
 11 
 
 59. 
 
 
 11 
 
INDEX OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Design No. 21 A Country Villa, Gerrai 
 
 in 
 
 .. 22 A Detached Villa, Composed Gothic, Ten Rooms 
 
 .. 23 A Suburban Villa, German 
 
 24 A Detached Villa, Italianized Gothic, Nine Rooms 
 .. 25 A Pair of Conjoined Villas, Nine Rooms 
 
 20 A Block of Four Detached Eight Roomed Villas 
 
 .. 27 A Pair of Double Detached Villas, Elizabeth. Style 
 
 .. 2* a A Pair of Semi-Detached Villas 
 
 „ 2! 
 
 .. 2^ A Pair of Labourers' Cottages 
 
 .. 29 A Pair of Semi-Detached Villas, Italian 
 
 .. 30 Do. Gothic Basement and Ground Plan . . . 
 
 .. .. Do. Do. First Floor and Roof Plan .... 
 
 .. 3.1 A Block of Labourers' Dwellings for 80 Families 
 
 .. 32 Villa Residences 
 
 .. 33 Terrace Houses 
 
 .. 34 A Pair of Eight-Roomed Semi-Detached Villas, 
 
 Fireproof 
 
 Plate 1 to lace Page 
 
 W & 'it 
 
 1 
 
 1 .. 
 1 .. 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 .. „ 
 
 4 . . 
 1 
 
 2 
 A 
 i; 
 
 .. l. 2 
 I 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 .. 2.3.4.5 
 „ 1. 2 
 
 I- 2 
 
 1 
 
 bo 
 30 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 40 
 41 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 
 A Detached Villa, Rustic Italian 
 A Pair of Semi Detached Villas 
 
 Small Terrace Villas 
 
 Eight-Roomed Terrace Houses . . 
 
 A Block of Four Labourers Cottages 
 
 Design lor small Terrace Houses 
 
 Teirace of Cottages 
 
 Small Terrace Houses 
 
 2. 3 
 
 Eight-Boomed Terrace Houses 
 
 62. 
 
 64 
 05. 
 68. 
 70. 
 73. 
 74 
 77. 
 78. 
 81. 
 82. 
 83. 
 85. 
 86. 
 88. 
 89. 
 91. 
 93. 
 94. 
 95. 
 97. 
 99. 
 100. 
 
 102. 
 103. 
 105. 
 106. 
 107. 
 109. 
 111. 
 112. 
 113. 
 114. 
 115. 
 110. 
 
 DESIGNED liY 
 
 Marciiaxd. 
 E. L. Blackburn^ 
 
 E. L. Bl.ACKBL'RNE. 
 
 Shaw & Lockinuton - . 
 
 E. L. Blackbit.nk. 
 Shaw & Locking'] on. 
 
 I'rinted by A. B. Payne, lteudnitz near Lcipsic. 
 
DESIGN No. 1. 
 
 A VILLA — GERM A N.- 
 
 [Plate 1.) 
 
 This design, with which we commence pur scries, represents a Villa of the German type, 
 suitable either for a Suburban or more strictly rural locality ; and arranged lor the accom- 
 modation of a family of the better middle class. Its foreign characteristics are more particularly 
 marked, perhaps, in the casemented 'windows, and in the Verandah and entrance therefrom, which, 
 however, may be viewed strictly as subservient to the principal one, placed in the opposite, or 
 rear front, an arrangement, as respects the position of the latter, equally applicable and con- 
 venient to English requirements, where the Villa may stand detached in its own grounds. 
 
 As regards the plan and its general disposition in other respects, the same has been 
 considered more exactly with reference to English wants and usages. In the elevation the 
 German or foreign element has been retained so far as to give a sufficient title to such a 
 character. 
 
 The house, as will be seen in the Plate, consists of three stories, viz.: a Basement, Ground, 
 and One Pair, or Chamber story, with Attics in the roof, lighted from either Gable. The central 
 portion of the front, shewn in the elevation, is projected slightly to break the face for relief and 
 shadow. A to some extent corresponding feature, but continued less high, that is to say, only 
 the height of the Ground Story, would be formed by the Entrance Porch, or Portico, of the 
 opposite front, the roof of which, shewn on the chamber plan as hipped, might be gabled to 
 match the other Gables. 
 
 The material for the fronts might be white, red. or grey stock bricks, the QuoiningS, 
 Dressings, &c. formed either in stone, or with Cement. The Verandah and connected wood- 
 work should be oak-varnished, and such would be a good and lasting material for the casements, 
 or Mahagony might be adopted. Lead should be the covering of the Verandah, and green 
 Westmoreland slates for tin- roof, or the latter might lie alternated with purple or dark blue 
 slates in bauds, or patterns, where a colored effect was desired. 
 
 As respects accommodation, the BASEMENT, S ft. 0 in. height, contains: 
 
 a The kitchen 10 ft. 0 in. bv 15 ft. 0 in. 
 b Scullery 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 Villas. 1 
 
2 A VILLA — OK UMAX. — 
 
 c Wine cellar. 
 <l Beer do. 
 
 e Servants* Room 1 5 ft. <> in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 / Pantry. 
 
 g Coals and fuel. 
 
 // Closet for Kitchen stores, &c. 
 
 i Sen ants' XV. C. 
 
 / do. Entrance beneath Porch, and steps thereto. 
 
 On the GROUND or PRINCIPAL STORY, 12 ft. hi-h. there is:- 
 
 a An ante Room, Library, or Music Room 14 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. <> in. opening from 
 the front Drawing Room. 
 b&c Drawing Rooms respectively 15 ft. o in. by 15 ft. n in. and 15 ft. o in. \>y 13 ft. 0 in. 
 J Dining Room 2s ft. <» in. by 15 ft. 8 in. 
 e <■ Inner Hall and Staircase, and Yestihule with 
 / W. C. 
 
 q Kntrance Porch or Portico. 
 
 A \ erandah and steps to garden from Music Room; 
 
 On the SECOND STORY, or CHAMBER FLOOR. Hi ft. high:— 
 
 n Morning Room 14 ft. 0 in. bv 14 ft. I) in. 
 !> h Bed Rooms, respectively 15 ft. 0 in. by I '.\ ft. 0 in and 15 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. 
 c \V. < '. for Chamber floor. 
 <l Linen or Housemaid's closet. 
 e Landing and stairs to Attics. 
 /' Bath Room 12 ft. u in. by 1 1 ft. 0 in. 
 </ Nursery 15 ft. (*> in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 // Balcony over Verandah. 
 In the Attic Story three servants' Bed Rooms are obtainable with good light from the fore 
 and side fronts respectively. 
 
 Of the detail of the more ornamental portions of this design, such as the woodwork of the 
 Verandah, Gables, and Windows, &C, we shall hereafter have occasion to give exemplification 
 in dealing with the like introductions in one or two other cases. 
 
s 
 
A VILLA— DETACHED— ENGLISH DOMESTIC GOTHIC. 
 
 3 
 
 DESIGN No. 2. 
 
 VILLA— DETACHED— ENGLISH DOMESTIC GOTHIC. 
 
 • (Bates L, %, 3; 4 & 5). 
 
 This Design, a perspective view of which is given in Plate I. exhibits, as respects external 
 treatment, the characteristics of the English halfctimbered house, more particularly of the 15th 
 and Kith centuries, with the interlaced framework, ornamental gables, and brick chiinnies; so 
 conspicuously features in the erections of that period. 
 
 This style, owing its origin to an abundant supply and the common use of wood in 
 domestic edifices throughout the middle age, may be considered to be especially associated with 
 the idea of an English rural Villa as well from the force and prevalence of example, as from 
 the fact that in a wooded country such as Kngland pace was. it would express the natural and 
 readiest method of construction. The "goodlie frames of timber 3 ' were anciently, as respects 
 England, proverbial, and the proper, application of the principle in modern practice is capable 
 of producing results that cannot fail of being agreeable. 
 
 It is to be observed, that the modes of construction adopted in ancient examples of this 
 kind vary according to age and locality. In some of the earlier residences the whole structure 
 is of timber-frame filled in with a compost of plaster laid upon lath or reed: in others the inter- 
 stices are filled with stone rubble, the timber resting on a lower story, sometimes a mere plinth, 
 or base, of stone more or less carefully worked. In others, and later as to period, brick is 
 frequently used for the lower story of the building, and the spaces between the timbers in the 
 upper filled also with brick; the timbering in each of these cases being usually left exposed 
 to sight. In still later example the main timbering, such as the angle posts, heads, and nils, 
 arc alone left, the rest being covered with plaster formed into panels and enriched with orna- 
 mentation in low relief, and the latter practice has continued in some part of the country 
 almost to the present day. 
 
 It is unnecessary to say that that which professes to exhibit a timber construction should 
 be really one in all its essential points. Under this impression it will be Been on reference 
 to tin- detail, plate 4. that the upper story of the design is constructed of studwork, as it is called, 
 the spaces between which may be either filled in with brick or left hollow. Their outside tact s 
 in the first case being Covered; technically rendered, with rough cast of lime and gravel, and the 
 interior surfaces with ordinary plaster rendering; and in the next, lathed and rough cast on 
 the outside, and lathed and phistered in the ordinar\ manner inside. 
 
 In most situations the first mentioned mode of construction would be found sufficiently 
 to answer the modern idea of warmth and protection from weather. Hough cast over brick, 
 
4 VILLA — DETACHED — ENGLISH DOMESTIC GOTHIC. 
 
 if properly executed, is fully sufficient for this purpose, and the timber where exposed might 
 be preserved from damage by several artificial processes; and further protected by varnish or 
 other coating of like sort. 
 
 Hie lower story of the design is, as will be seen in the view, represented to be of brick. 
 If a good deep red color this material applied as here shewn is very effective. In stone districts 
 the lower story might be of this latter material, with equal propriety, both with reference, as 
 before noticed, to example and correct taste. 
 
 Plate 1, as before observed, gives the general idea of the Design, the view being that of 
 the principal or entrance Front, and will sufficiently speak for itself, 
 
 Plate 2. exhibits the plans of the Ground and Chamber floors. In the FIRST or 
 GROl'XD FLOOR; 10 ft. (i in. high, is— 
 
 (i The Porch and continuous enclosure or Cloister leading to the front entrance. 
 b Hall and Staircase. 
 
 C Dining Room, 16 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. <> in. 
 (I Drawing Room, 17 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. 
 
 e Breakfast Room. Library, or Music Room, 14 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 This room might be connected with the Drawing Room by fold in or doors so as 
 
 to be thrown together when desired. 
 f Rack entrance to garden. 
 g W. C. 
 
 h Kitchen, Hi ft. (I in. bv 14 ft. 0 in., with 
 ii Closets each side of dresser. 
 k Scullery, 14 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in., with 
 l&m Sink and copper. 
 
 From this scullery there is entrance from the servants' vard behind. 
 
 On the CHAMBER FL( K)R. <) ft. ll in. high, there is:— 
 <t Rest lied Room. I (> ft. U in. by 14 ft. 0 in., with 
 
 b Dressing Room attached, occupying the space over Porch and Cloister. 
 C&d Other Red Chambers, respectively of the size of the two rooms below them. 
 *' Landing of the staircase, with Linen or China closet thereon. 
 / Lobby. 
 
 '/ Water-closet Chamber floor. 
 
 // Passage from staircase to Servants' Rooms. 
 
 ii Servants' Red Rooms, respectively 13 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. and 14 It. 0 in by 
 12 ft. (I in. 
 
 / Housemaids' closet. 
 
Peftgn : for ; a Villa (detacjjea).- fngtttlj r^omcftk - l|otf)k.-^. 3 
 
A VILLA— DETACHED— KNOLISH DOMESTIC (JOTHIC. 5 
 
 It is unnecessary to remark that the dimensions of the severifl rooms here given may be 
 increased where it mav be desired, the same proportions relatively and otherwise, being retained. 
 
 Plate '5. shews an enlarged elevation of the window marked .1 on the (iround plan, 
 given in plate 2; being the front window of the Drawing Room, with details of* its several parts 
 and of the finishings, &C. connected therewith. 
 
 The letters of reference on the Piatt? apply jointly to these parts and to the enlarged 
 detail of the same. 
 
 A&A shews the skirting molding of the room as seen in a section taken through the 
 
 front wall, and likewise in its enlarged form. 
 B&B in like manner the label termination and its enlarged section. 
 C& C the skirting molding of the Bed room above. 
 
 D&D shews the string molding above the window in connection, as in the case of A A, 
 
 with the section through the front wall, and also in its enlarged form. 
 E& E exhibits the base of the brackets supporting the projecting window of the front 
 
 Chamber above, as seen in elevation, and its section at large. 
 F&F shews, in the same manner, the stone cill of the window opening, in elevation 
 and in enlarged section, with the oak cill of the casement and its window board and connected 
 finishings. 
 
 G& G is the section of the base, or plinth molding which surrounds the building. 
 The scale of the enlarged details is in each case twice that of the Elevation. 
 
 Plate 4 fives, as in the case of Plate \\ just described, an enlarged elevation and a section 
 and details of the window marked B on the Ground Plan, Plate 2, being that which lights the 
 Dressing Room and appears in the perspective view over the entrance to the Porch, with the 
 ornamental verge board and pinnacle, &C. above. 
 
 As in the last plate the same letters of reference apply to elevation and detail. 
 
 A&A refer to the carved framing over the window head and the section thereof given 
 to a larger scale above. 
 
 B&Ji refer in like manner to the transom and mullion of the window and its enlarged 
 plan or horizontal section. 
 C shows the side view, or profile, of the pendant portion of the pinnacle, witli a 
 section through the verge board where the latter abuts against it, and the 
 connection of the ridge with the same. 
 The plan of the pinnacle and the junction of tlx- verge board with it is shewn on the 
 elevation. 
 
 1) exhibits the upper portion of the pinnacle in enlarged elevation. 
 The section of the ornamental verge board is a fillet ami hollow. The latter worked as 
 tracery in the usual manner. 
 
 Villas. - 
 
A VILLA— DETACHED— ENGLISH D0ME8TIC GOTHIC. 
 
 Plait. gives further detail, viz.: that of the projecting window of the front Bed 
 Room C in Chamber plan. The window is wholly formed in timber as will he seen in the- plate, 
 which shews the front ek-vat'ion of one half and a transverse section through its centre, with 
 the principal moldings, \-c. in detail. Of these 
 
 A shows the battlemented finish of the roof of the window at A in enlarged Section. 
 II the cornice molding of the same. 
 
 C the section of the base of the shafts C on Elevation and Section, and 
 I) the enlarged section and side view of the carved bracket- which support the cill of 
 the window, and their connected shafts and moldings, Arc. 
 
 The casements and their detail will be the same as those of Plates ;} and 4. Shutters, if 
 desired, may be hung to fold into proper boxings formed in the projection of the sides: or framed 
 linings as shown on the plate may be adopted in their stead. 
 
 The scale of the details on this plate is twice that of the elevation and section. 
 
ru 
 
 '-EJzP 
 
 tUuftwl f J % t f 
 
 Scale of Plana 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 DESIGN FOR A SEMI DETACHED VILLA GERMAN. PL 1. 
 
A SEMI-DKTACHKI) VILLA — GERMAN 
 
 DESIGN No. 3. 
 
 a Semi-detached villa— German. 
 
 (>fo< I & 2.) 
 
 This design represents ;i pair of conjoined, or w hat is termed semi-detached, Villas of 
 German character, and in this respect similar to the Design No. I. hut differing so far as to be 
 in reality two houses under the genera] appearance of one. 
 
 W it 1 1 reference to the elevation it will be seen that the same consists of a slightly projected 
 central portion, and two wings, cadi answering to the interior 'division as regards the breadth of 
 the rooms; a central wall forming the separation between the two houses. The central portion 
 is gabled to the front, and the sides are also gabled to afford means of Lighting the rooms formed 
 within tin- roof, if it should be desired to use this space as an Attic story. A Verandah extending 
 the length of the centre irives a means of reaching the gardens from the front rooms without 
 passing across the Hall to the principal entrance, which, as in Design No, 1. is placed in the 
 rear front of each house where it takes the shape of an open portico or l'oreh. beneath which is 
 the entrance to the Basement story containing the domestic offices. 
 
 As respects the material the Design, as represented in the plate, assumes a cement facing 
 on brick with stone strings, cills. &c., but white brick would be generally applicable, in which 
 case the window and doorheads, &c might be formed either by stone lintols or by straight 
 arches of brick with key and springing stones. Slate is the material shewn for the roof 
 covering. 
 
 As regards accommodation each house contains on the 
 
 BASEMENT STORY; 
 a Kitchen 17 ft. I) in. by Hi ft. <» in. 
 
 h Scullerv 1 f> ft. <> in. by 13 ft. 0 in. with closet on one side of fireplace as in Kitchen 
 and copper on the other. 
 
 c Pantry j 
 
 . , " vaulted. 
 (I ( ellar | 
 
 e Servants' Water-closet. 
 
 /' do. Entrance and steps thereto. 
 
 ON THE GROUND Ob PRINCIPAL STORY (11 ft. 0 in high): 
 a Dining Room, 1" tt. <» in. by 15 ft. <> in. opening unto the Verandah and thence to> 
 
 the garden. 
 b Drawing Room, 20 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. in. 
 
 2 * • 
 
8 A SKMI-DKT.U IIKD VIl.LA-OKliM AN 
 
 r Breakfast Room, Music Room, or Parlor, 14 t'r. o in. by 12 ft. <> in. 
 '/ Entrance Hall and Staircase. 
 e Portico ami Main Entrance. 
 f Water-closet. 
 
 <>.\ Till-: VUIST OR CUMBER FLOoil (Hi ft. 0 in bid.): 
 
 a Bed Room, or Nursery, 17 ft. 0 in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 
 I) Best Bed Room. 20 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. 
 
 >■ Bed Room. 14 it. 0 in. by 12 ft. O in. witb bath! 
 
 '/ Landing and stairs to upper Hoor. 
 
 / Water-closet for chamber Hoor. 
 
 In tbe roof two good Attics arc obtainable. 
 
 Plate 2 <rives a portion of tbe back front, shewing tbe entrance Porch at large and sundry 
 other details. 
 
 .1 Tbe entrance Portico in elevation. 
 11 1) Portions of tbe Verandah. 
 
 (' a portion of the Verge Rafter and collar tye witb its ornaments. 
 
A SEMI-DETACHED VILLA GERMAN l'Lll 
 
A DETACH KI) VILLA — FKKNCII (iOTHlC. Q 
 
 DESIGN No. 4. 
 
 A DETACHED VILLA— FRENCH GOTHIC. 
 
 {Plates 1, 2, 3 $ 4.) 
 
 The perspective view which forms Plate 1 of this Design, shews the western and southern 
 fronts of a Villa in the style called French Gothic; the former being the entrance front and the 
 latter that looking towards the garden. As will be seen, the main facade is formed by the pro- 
 jected southern portion of the building and its connected Tower or turret — the lower story of 
 which acts as a Porch — and by an extension running northward at right angles therefrom, con- 
 taining the Dining Room and other apartments, and ending in the Kitchen, seen as a lower building 
 on the left of the view. Above the Porch, the space corresponding with its size is continued up 
 as a Tower, forming a Dressing Room on the first, or Principal Chamber, floor, and a large closet 
 for the storeage of china or linen on the Attic story; and finishing in a louvre for air and light 
 to the closet, capped with a spirelet; a feature which in a Corresponding shape is very usual in 
 French houses and other buildings. 
 
 The Kitchen, as will be seen, is roofed after a fashion also very prevalent in French 
 architecture, and finishes with a perforated louvre for speedy emission of the heated air of the 
 room; more readily got rid of by the open timber roof, or some such means as this, than by 
 the windows, considering that the latter can hardly be placed sufficiently high without loss of 
 light to the lower parts of the room. 
 
 With respect to the accommodation afforded, the design shews a Ground and One Pair 
 stories, with rooms in the roof over the main portion of the building. There is no under 
 ground or Basement story; the offices being on the same level as the principal one, or ' { re: de 
 cluutxsee 1 of French houses. 
 
 On this latter, that is to sav — 
 
 On the GROUND STORY, in height say 1 1 feet —shown in Plate 2 — there is:— 
 A The entrance Porch, opening from beneath the Tower on to the lawn and general 
 approach. 
 
 B Hall and Staircase, with T lower AVater-closet. 
 C Dining Room 16 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. <> in. 
 
 D Drawing Room It) ft. (I in. by 14 ft. 0 in. with projecting Bay looking upon the gardens. 
 
 E Parlor, Study, or Breakfast Room 15'fr. 0 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. 
 
 F Passage to Terrace and back garden entrance, and to servants' Offices. 
 
 G Terrace. 
 
 H Kitchen 14 ft. 0 in by 14 ft. 0 in. — or of greater size if required. 
 
 Villas. 3 
 
■ 
 
 A I >KTAC1IED VILLA— FRENCH aOTHIC. 
 
 / Yard, with a and 0 Chaise House and Stable. 
 K Scullery with sink and copper. 
 LMNO respectively, Dairy, Pantry, Coal-cellar and Oven. 
 P Servants' Water-closet. 
 . Q Dust. 
 
 On the ONE PAI1J or PRINCIPAL CHAMBER FLOOR, see also Plate 2— say 9 ft. 6 in. 
 high, there is: — 
 
 R A Bed Room 14 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in. with an attached Dressing Room V, occu- 
 pying the Story immediately over the Porch. 
 
 S Housemaids' closet with sink, etc • 
 TT Principal Water-closet and servants' do. for chamber floor. 
 
 V Landing and Stairs to upper story or Attics. 
 
 W Best Bed Room 14 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in. with projecting Bay over that of the 
 
 Drawing Room below, and 
 X Dressing Room attached. 
 
 Y Spare, or Bachelor's, Bed Room 14 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. 
 
 Z Nurseries', Day and Night, or Servants' Bed Rooms, respectively 14 ft. 1 in. by 14 ft. 
 0 in. and 14 ft. I) in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 In the roof, forming an Attic story, the Linen or China-closet would occupy the space 
 over T 7 . Over R would be a Bed Room lighted from the front by the dormers shewn in the 
 view, and over W, A' and Y might be two other large or three smaller rooms, lighted from the 
 front and back and also at the side. 
 
 The general features and arrangements of this Design being thus shewn, Plates 3 and 4 
 will exhibit the detail of some of the principal component parts. 
 
 The first, or Plate 3, gives the necessary detail for the execution of the Porch entrance 
 and of the window and niche above; and in the second, or Plate 4, the similar detail of a two-light 
 window on the chamber floor, and of one of the dormers, with portions of the ornamental iron 
 and lead-work of the fmials, &c. 
 
 To these severally the references on the plates will be a sufficient direction and at the 
 same time afford all requisite explanations. It will be unnecessary, therefore, to recapitulate in 
 this respect here. 
 
A VILLA— GEKMAN— DETACHED. 
 
 11 
 
 DESIGN No. 5. 
 
 A VILLA — GERMAN — DETACHED. 
 
 (Plates 1 & 2.) 
 
 Plate 1 of this Design exhibits the front elevation of a Villa erected in the environs of 
 Hamburgh, and in Plate 2 are given an elevation of one of the sides, and the plans of the Base- 
 ment, Ground, and One Pair stories, drawn to half the scale of Plate 1, with some details of the 
 the roofing, &c. enlarged. 
 
 The material used in the construction is brick, plastered and decorated externally with 
 Portland cement. The roofs, as will be seen, overhang, and are finished with verge rafters and 
 ornamental detail in timber; a Verandah of the same material is attached to the lower part of the 
 recessed front, from which access may be had to the front gardens independently of any use of 
 the front, or main, entrance. The covering of the Verandah, as well as that of all other roofs, is 
 English slate. 
 
 The accomodation provided' is as. follows: — viz.. 
 
 On the BASEMENT STORY, 7 ft. 0 in. high, shewn on Plate 2. 
 a Kitchen 14 ft. 6 in. by 14 ft. 6 in. exclusive of the projecting bow window. 
 
 0 Scullery 14 ft. 0 in. by 9 ft. with copper, sink, &c. 
 c Pantry 14 ft. 6 in, by 9 ft. 0 in. 
 
 </ Beer and Wine-cellar. 
 e Store room. 
 
 / Servants' room, 14 ft. 6 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. 
 g Stairs to ground floor. 
 ga Servants' Water-closet. 
 // Dust bin. 
 
 1 Servants' entrance, and steps, &c. thereto from the garden level. 
 k Coal and Wood-cellar under landing of Verandah. 
 
 On the GROUND or PRINCIPAL STORY, 11 ft. 6 in. high, there is:— 
 a Main Entrance and Lobby. 
 
 b Breakfast Room 15 ft, by 14 ft. 6 in., opening on a Verandah or trellised enclosure, 
 shewn in the side elevation given with the plans on Plate 2, and from thence to 
 the garden. 
 
 e Drawing Room 20 ft. by 15 ft. 
 
 3 ^ 
 
A VILLA— GERMAN -DETACHED. 
 
 d Ante Room or Library 15 ft. by 13 ft., opening upon the front Verandah h and thence 
 to the front garden. 
 
 e Dining Room 16 ft. 0 in. by 1"> ft. 0 in. excluding the bow-window seen on front 
 elevation. 
 
 / Water-closet for ground floor. 9 
 q Hall and Staircase. 
 
 The ONE PAIR or CHAMBER FLOOR, 10 ft. 6 in. high, contains:— 
 a Best Bed Room, over the Drawing Room below, and of the same size, less the pro- 
 jection of the bow-window. 
 b A second Bed Room over the Library, and of corresponding size. 
 c The Bath Room. 
 
 d&e Back Bed Rooms, each 15 ft. <> in. by 12 ft. 0 in. One or the other of these might 
 be appropriated as a Nursery. 
 /' Water-closet for chamber floor. 
 g Landing and stairs upward. 
 // Linen <>r Housemaid's closet. 
 
 As an ATTIC STORY, three Servants' Rooms are obtained. 
 
 Tlx' Detail given on this Plate consists of: — 
 
 A The Gable ornament or tracery, &c. at large. The design of this may differ in each 
 gable for variety. 
 
 B The Bracket which supports the verge rafters at their feet, with its attached facia 
 board; and 
 
 C The side view of the same, shewing the projection of the roof beyond the face of the 
 wall: both, as in the case of A, also at large. 
 
A DETACHED VILLA— ENGLISH GOTHIC. 
 
 13 
 
 DESIGN No. 6. 
 
 A DETAC HED VILLA — ENGLISH GOTHIC. 
 
 (Rates 1, 2, 3 owl 4.) 
 
 The Design represented in these plates is with only a few trifling modifications, required 
 by the nature of the site on which it was built, the same as that of a Villa erected a f. w 
 years back in Kent. It embodies, as in the case of DSsigft Xo. % the principal characteristics 
 of the English half-timbered house; the upper story resting on a rubble or Kentish Rag, stone 
 basement, quoined with free-stone. 
 
 In the instance of the erection in Kent, this half-timbered character was not real but 
 imitative, and however much this is to be avoided, viewing Architecture in its proper sense, and 
 likewise as professing to be what in reality it is not, there are circumstances, as there were in 
 this case, in which such a dealing with the question of material may be allowed; such for 
 instance as the re-use of a large quantity of old bricks, or other similar material, unfit to be 
 exposed to sight, This was the main reason for such a proceeding in respect to the house in 
 Kent, and from this as well as other like causes the construction, at h ast a- regarded the upper 
 part of the structure, was, as before stated, purely imitative. 
 
 The lower story was built of good red bricks laid in darkened mortar, its quoinin^. 
 strings, base-moldings, and other dressings, being in Portland cement: the former laid, as they 
 always should be, flush with the brickwork, not in projection, according to a prevalent modern 
 fashion, also applied to stonework similarly employed. Upon this lower story, whieh was brick- 
 and-a-half or 14 inch work, the upper story was built in 9 inch work, or of one brick thick, the. 
 appearance of the timber framing !>ein<r produced by cement, afterwards painted of a dark color — 
 following a fashion common to many parts both of Sussex and Kent — laid upon the surface of the 
 brickwork, and the interstices rendered Avith a rough-cast of lime and fine gravel. The Koof was 
 the ordinary plain tile roof, with an ornamental tile cresting; and the verge-boards and pinnacles, 
 casements, and frames, &c, following ordinary custom, were of wood. 
 
 On the score of warmth and imperviousness to weather, this method of construction was 
 open to no question, the objection to it being chiefly, as before noticed, that with reference to 
 architecture proper and a profession which the actual constructive fact belied. 
 
 I'nder different circumstances, and with greater propriety, the construction of this design 
 should follow the original modes. For the sub-structure, instead of brick, as in the example jifit 
 referred to, the adoption of stone would be the proper course where such Villa might be erected 
 
 VMM. 4 
 
|4 A DETACHED VILLA — ENGLISH GOTHIC. 
 
 in a stone country, such material being the readiest and natural one of the locality. In brick 
 countries the latter description of material might be used on the same principle. In either case the 
 plinth-cappings, and the quoinings and strings to this part, as well as the door and window- 
 jambs and arches, &c. should be of free-stone, as shewn on the plates. The buttress-tablings 
 and other features of like description the same. 
 
 In the perspective view forming Piatt- 1, and in the other plates which illustrate this idea, 
 rubble stone, as before observed, is adopted for the lower story of the building, and it thus so 
 far differs from Design No. 2, where brick has been shewn; the upper story being of timber 
 frame, which, as in the other case, may be filled in with brick plastered over, or simply with lath 
 and plaster. This latter was the more common mode in old examples, but there are instances in 
 which after the period when the introduction of brick became general, the spaces between the 
 timbering were tilled in with this latter material, often laid in irregular and fanciful courses. 
 Such description of filling in, however, ma)' perhaps with greater propriety be considered to 
 belong to and be more in accordance with a brick sub-structure than a stone one, and in the 
 present Design therefore plaster is intended to be repTesented. 
 
 As will be noticed the timber framing commences withacill, which resting on the upper course 
 of stonework is continued all round the building, being broken only where the projecting stonework 
 of the chimney breasts and other such like stone portions of the building are carried upwards 
 through, or above, the timber and plaster of the upper story: the junction of the stone and wood 
 being hidden, or protected, by a cornice, in this case shewn to be of wood, for the purpose of 
 better, — to use the technical expression generally employed, covering joint. Stone however might 
 be adopted for this cornice if desired, and in either case where it is continued and runs round the 
 bow-windows of the Dining Room and Study, the same might be enriched by having small battle- 
 ments cut thereon, of a similar kind to those which finish the sloping roof, or covering, of the 
 projecting window C given in Plate T> of Design No. 2. An enrichment or finish of such descrip- 
 tion as this would be particularly called for where an ornamented character, such as is shewn in 
 Plate 3, is given to the timber framing and other wood work. But to return — Above the wood 
 cill the main construction is simply a succession of vertical angle and other posts, with the 
 necessary horizontal timbers at the top of the latter, and intermediately, to tie the same together. 
 In the plates these horizontal timbers will be seen as shewing themselves at the cills and heads of 
 the window s, and at the upper part of the angle posts, where the}- run out beyond the front faces 
 of the walls for the purpose of supporting the overhanging or projected rafters and their con- 
 nected ornamental verge boards and pinnacles. Between these main constituents other upright, 
 horizontal, as well as curved and diagonally laid, timbering may be inserted to greater or less 
 extent according to fancy, or more properly, having regard to ancient practice, according as the 
 material may be of longer or shorter lengths, or of straight or curved form, &c, &c; such 
 dfecumstances regulating, apparently, in ancient example, the amount and the character of the 
 
 filling in timbering. 
 
-for ;-a-;-l)ctacl)ctl ; (f.illa ( luylil'l)-; Gotyu I'M *! . 
 
A DETACHED VILLA— ENGLISH GOTHIC. 
 
 15 
 
 The nature and principle of this mode of construction is, however, now so generally well 
 known among those interested in the theory, or practically employed in the carrying out buildings 
 of this kind, that it is hardly necessary to dwell further, or more particularly, on this part of the 
 description. Where there exists such a lack of knowledge on the subject as it may be desired, 
 or desirable, should be assisted by reference to authority, the plates here given will, it is con- 
 fident^ anticipated, supply all that may be required. 
 
 Plate 1, as before observed, is a perspective view of the Design embracing the main or 1 
 entrance front, and that looking upon the side garden or lawn. The chief features of the former 
 are the bow-window of the Dining room, the open-timbered Porch and the advanced gable, with 
 its corbelling and supporting buttress, which projects from the upper story at the farthest end of 
 the* view. Of the latter the main object is the large projecting chimney stack and its chhnnies; 
 beyond which is seen the gabled window of the best Bedroom with that of the Drawing room 
 beneath from which room the latter opens on the garden. On the extreme left of the view, beyond 
 the windows of the Kitchen, is seen the entrance to the Stable-yard and offices from the front drive. 
 
 As to the internal arrangements and the accommodation afforded by this Design, we have 
 as follows, viz.: — 
 
 On the GROUND STORY* 1 1 ft. 6 in. high, shewn on Plate 2:— 
 A Porch. 
 
 B Hall and Staircase. 
 
 C Dining Room 17 ft. 0 in. by 17 ft. 6 in. 
 
 D Drawing Room 15 ft. 0 in. by 21 ft. 0 in. with window opening on to the Lawn. 
 E Study 13 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. with bow window looking on back garden. 
 F Kitchen 15 ft. 0 in. by 17 ft. 0 in. 
 
 G Scullery 15 ft. I) in. by 12 ft. <> in. with oven, copper, sink, &c. 
 H Pantry. 
 / Dairy. 
 
 K Servants' staircase. 
 L Water-closet. 
 
 M Passage to back entrance und yard. 
 N Servants' Water-closet. 
 
 0 Yard, with 1* and Q Manure pit and Pump for Stabling. 
 
 B Stable. 
 
 a? Coach-house. 
 
 On the CHAMBER FLOOR. 10 ft. 6 in. high, there are:— 
 
 AAA Bed Rooms, of the sizes, respectively, of the rooms beneath them, less the spaces 
 occupied by the bow-windows where they occurr. in the latter. 
 
j£ A Dl IA( IIKI) VILLA— ENGLISH GOTHIC. 
 
 B Dressing Room 10 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 0 in. 
 C C Servants' Bed Rooms, respectively 17 ft. 0 in. by 1 f> h\ 0 in. and 1 5 ft. 0 in. by 1 2 ft. 0 in. 
 D Linen or Store-closet. 
 E Landing from Servants' stairs. 
 F Water-closet for chamber floor. 
 G Passage leading to principal stairs. 
 H Housemaids' closet. 
 
 Such being the accommodation provided by the plans, the detail of some of the con- 
 structive features may next be considered. Of these Plate 3 exhibits a plan and elevation of the 
 projected or advanced gable of the chamber over the Kitchen, before noticed at page 34, with 
 portions of its ornamentation and finish, &e. 
 
 A exhibits the geometrical Elevation of such advanced portion, enlarged, with the 
 enrichments on the timbering, and the verge boards and corbelling, &c. 
 
 B is a Plan of the same, shewing the extent of the projection beyond the general face 
 of the wall, indicated, with the supporting buttress and windows beneath. In 
 dotted lines, and at the same time the nature of the construction. 
 
 C shews a horizontal Section through part of the casement and its connected stud or 
 upright post, to an enlarged scale. 
 
 D is a portion of the ornamental verge board, and 
 
 E the tracery, &c, in the casement heads,* both also to an enlarged scale. In the latter 
 the mode in which these traceries- should be inserted and framed to the vertical 
 timbers between which the casements are placed is more clearly indicated. 
 
 In Plate 4 similar constructive detail is given of the Porch which screens the front 
 Entrance door. Here: 
 
 A represents a portion of the Plan. 
 II its front Elevation. 
 
 C a transverse Section taken across the middle of the plan, shewing in elevation the 
 arched braces in the roof; indicated at a a, a in the longitudinal section. 
 
 D a longitudinal Section in connection with a sectional cut through the head of front 
 entrance doorway. 
 
 E and F are enlarged representations of the ring-handle and escutcheon of the keyhole, with 
 which, as shewn in the elevation, the other ironwork should assimilate! 
 
 With reference to the material of which this Porch, as well as the other timber-work 
 of such a design as this should be. — oak would perhaps be the most proper, as in accordance 
 more strictly with ancient practice. Good Fir timber, however, can be met with no further or 
 
A DETACHED VILLA — ENGLISH GOTHIC. 
 
 17 
 
 greater objection, probably, than that it is less lasting, and needs more careful protection by 
 artificial means. When England depended upon her own natural resources for material there 
 was good reason for oak alone appearing, now that this is not altogether the case, a limitation 
 of the kind is less called for, and may, perhaps, with less impropriety be set aside. Good clean 
 fir timber, slightly stained, or unstained and simply varnished, has by no means an unsatisfactory 
 appearance. 
 
 The adoption of the one or the other of these materials, that is to say either oak or fir, 
 would, however, of course, be regulated by the rule which was followed in respect to the kind 
 of woodwork employed in the building elsewhere. In many cases also oak might be, by being 
 grown on the estate on which it might be desired to erect such a Lodge, the most desirable since 
 it would be the readiest applicable material. In that of the adoption of fir, such would almost 
 necessarily have to be obtained from a distance and a foreign source, since such as is here pro- 
 duced would be, as compared with the former, of very inferior quality, and mostly, if not 
 wholly, unfit to ensure satisfactory result as applied to work of this description. In rural locali- 
 ties also building operations are much facilitated by a recourse to the use of local material of any 
 and every kind; cost is usually much lessened, experience in handling or dealing with it more to 
 be calculated upon, and a number of small considerations which go to make up an advantage 
 almost invariably present themselves. 
 
 On the whole, therefore, the existence of circumstances such as above alluded to should be 
 the guide in dealing with this part of the question, and they will as a rule be generally so patent 
 as to render the choice which should be made sufficiently clear. 
 
 Villas. 
 
 5 
 
is 
 
 SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS— (iEHM AN 
 
 DESIGN No. 7. 
 
 SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS— GERMAN. 
 
 (Plate 1.) 
 
 The Design liere exhibited is of the German type, as were Designs Nos. 1 and 3, but it 
 so far differs from both that whereas the first mentioned was a strictly detached Villa, and the 
 second though in reality two separate houses, bore the external appearance of but one, this 
 more strictly and better answers the term of detached; the conjunction of the two embracing only 
 a small portion of the building, viz. a central and subservient one, which extends no higher than 
 the principal Story, and covers simply, the entrance to the servants' Offices in the Basement, and 
 the Water-closets on the Ground floor. 
 
 This more perfect detachment, or separation, may be taken to have the advantage which 
 a freer circulation of air and less restricted means of obtaining light affords, and there is also, 
 perhaps, a larger amount of privacy and distinction. This in many cases is sought for, particu- 
 larly where such does not actually amount to a standing alone, as in a completely separated Villa. 
 
 On reference to the plans and elevations given on the plate it will be at once seen how 
 far these several points are met thereby. 
 
 As respects the latter it will be perceived that the detail of each Design is slightly different, 
 for the sake of variety, or to accord with a difference of taste. The general features are the same. 
 In each a glazed Verandah encloses the landing before the front entrance, and similar over- 
 hanging verge rafn r>. brackets, and pinnacles decorate the roofs. For convenience, and if desired 
 in the summer time, the enclosing sashes of the Verandah might be so made as to be removable, 
 or they might be so arranged as to remain and act as a Conservatory; the doors being retained or 
 made removable according to desire. 
 
 The exterior coating of the fronts might be cement, or good facing bricks for the upper 
 parts, and stone for the lower story, &c might be employed. The elevations on the plate are 
 treated as if covered with cement. 
 
 As to accommodation, the Design consists of a Basement, Ground, and One Pair stories, 
 and an Attic story, or at least two small servants' rooms might be obtained, if desired, in the roof. 
 
 In the BASEMENT STOKY, S fr. 0 in. high, there is contained:— 
 a Kitchen 17 ft. 6 in. by 13 ft. 6 in. 
 a 1 Scullery 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 
SEMI-DETACHED VILLA— OEKMAN. 
 
 19 
 
 b Pantry 10 ft. 0 in. by 0 ft. 0 in. 
 
 c Servants' room, 13 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 3 in. 
 
 d Cellar. 
 
 e Staircase to Ground floor. 
 / Servants' "Water-closet. 
 (/ do. Entrance. 
 // Store-closet. 
 i Fuel. 
 
 On the GROUND STORY, 11 ft. 3 in. high, we have:— 
 
 a Hall, or Ante Room 12 ft. Q in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 
 I) Drawing Room 1 7 ft. 6 in. by 13 ft. 9 in. 
 
 c Dining Room 17 ft. (i in. by 13 ft. 9 in. 
 
 d Breakfast. Room, or Study 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 6 in. 
 
 e Staircase. 
 
 / Water-closet. 
 
 g Principal entrance, with Verandah or Conservatory. 
 
 On the ONE PAIR STORY, 9 ft. 6 in. high, there is:— 
 a, b&c Bed Rooms, respectively 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft, 0 in. and 17 ft. 6 in. by 13 ft. 9 in. each. 
 a Dressing Room, or Bath Room 12 ft. 0 in. by S ft. 0 in. 
 e Landing and stairs. 
 / Water-closet for chamber floor. 
 
 *5 
 
2d 
 
 A LODGK— ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 DESIGN No. 8. 
 
 A LODGE— ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 (Plates 1, 2, and 3.) 
 
 The Design here given represents a small Lodge, in all the main points similar to one 
 lately ereeted at one of the entrances to a Nobleman's park in Suffolk. It is of Italian character 
 and was in the instance mentioned built of white Suffolk bricks and Bath stone, the latter being 
 used for the springers of the window and door openings, and for the cills, strings, and base 
 mouldings, &c: the window and door arches being of moulded white brick, as were also the chimnies. 
 In the present Design this same general treatment is observed, varied, however, by the introduction 
 of color, in the shape of banding courses and other decorations formed of red brick, and by 
 incised ornamentation on the springing stones, cornices, keystones, &.c. The interior of the 
 Porch is similarly relieved by color, and its floor is formed by a tessellated or coloured tile- 
 pavement. 
 
 The roof is of a flat pitch to suit the proper character of the composition, and is shewn 
 to be of red tile with the eaves courses cut to pattern, and the ridges finished with an ornamental 
 ridge-tile and cresting. The same is constructed to overhang, and the upper parts of the verge 
 rafters are framed and braced together and finished with a hanging pendant and pinnacle; the 
 angular spaces between being filled with ornamental tracery in timber. The cornice and blockings 
 under the eaves, as well as that round the chimney shaft, might be worked in stone or formed 
 in molded brick. In the Lodge in Suffolk before mentioned, this feature of' the design was almost 
 wholly of molded brick, and of a very elaborate character, with a view to accordance with the 
 fuller or more extended introduction of like enrichments which prevailed throughout in that case. 
 With the more simple treatment here exhibited, however, rightly designed and properly limited 
 admissions of the same kind are by no means incompatible, but on the contrary form equally 
 legitimate and appropriate accessories of the idea. 
 
 Referring to the perspective view it will be observed that — 
 
 Plate I — represents the two principal fronts of the building, or those which it may be 
 assumed would be presented respectively to the high road and to the carriage drive of the Park 
 leading therefrom; the former being commanded, as well from the bow-window in the centre, as 
 from that on the left of the view, and the latter reached immediately from the Porch. A similar 
 command of the approach to the Lodge from the opposite direction is obtained from the bow- 
 window shewn on the plan, but obscured in the view by the projection of the Porch. These 
 
A LODGE -ITALIAN STYLE. PL. I 
 
A LODGE— ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 21 
 
 points, it is unnecessary to say, are of some moment in the arrangement of a Lodge, and should 
 be carefully attended to. It is also very requisite for convenience that the position of the building 
 should he such that the latter is in near proximity tn the gate-way from the road. In wet or 
 wintry weather it is inconvenient that the gate-keeper should have far to go to perform his duty. 
 
 As respects the accommodation usually required, and provided in the plan. — also given 
 on Plate 1 — we hare: — 
 
 A Porch at the front entrance. 
 
 B Sitting room 12 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 C Bed room 12 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 D Kitchen, or Keeping Room 13 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. with n the oven and h the copper. 
 E Pantry. 
 
 F Yard, with (I the pump and well, and '/ dust bin. 
 G Privy. 
 H Wood-store. 
 1 Coal-cellar. 
 
 A' Tool-hoUsc. 
 
 I. Hack entrance to Yard from the Park. 
 
 The general view and plan &c. being thus referred to and described, the portions of the 
 design selected tor illustration as detail remain to be noticed. 
 
 Plate 2 exhibits so much of this detail as relates, respectively, to the Porch, to the caves 
 cornice of the main building, and to the facia, with its blockings or corbels, which runs beneath 
 the projected upper part of the principal or front gable. 
 Of the first mentioned 
 
 .1 gives the Elevation viewed from the front, including the door leading from the Porch 
 into the first, or outer, room of the building; a portion of the eaves cornice being 
 shewn above the roof. 
 B represents a Section of the Porch, taken longitudinally through the centre of Tin- 
 entrance arehwav. and 
 C the ornamented facia of the principal front, with its blockings and incised enrich- 
 ments, to an enlarged scale. 
 It is to be observed of these enrichments that they might be formed by incision in the stone- 
 work and afterwards filled in with black or colored cements, or they might be inlays of colored 
 marbles, or as respects the metopes, or panels between the blockings, these might be of encaustic 
 tile or terra cotta. Incision would possibly be the cheaper process in each case, and in the latter 
 the ornament protected by the advanced surface above it and the projected sides of the corbels 
 or brackets, would probably be sufficiently lasting. In such parts as the arch stones of the 
 
 Villas. 6 
 
•)•) A LODGE— ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 archways, the springing and key-stones of windows, &e. or such like more exposed positions, 
 however, Of where the employment of a more legitimate material might be desired or called for, 
 the introduction of colored stone, or marhle, would recommend itself more strongly, and for 
 reasons which will always prevail where there exsist no opposing circumstances of a weight 
 sufficient to prevent their consideration. 
 
 Plate 3 — containing the detail as respects, another portion of the design — gives in 
 
 A * an Elevation of the chimney stack which, as will be seen on reference to Plate 1, 
 rises from the centre of the building, and forms a very conspicuous object in tin- 
 view, and 
 
 B* its half Plan, taken on the line marked CD on the elevation. 
 
 It is to he noted with regard to this plan, that it applies also to the lower part, or Dado, 
 of the richer design for a chimney which is given likewise on this plate, and marked D* thereon; 
 
 C* being a plan of the latter taken on the line AB on the elevation; one half repre- 
 sented as in upward view, or looking up as it is commonly expressed, and the other 
 half in downward view, or looking down. 
 
 The first mentioned and more simple of the two chimnies given, accords, it will be 
 seen, with that of the perspective view Plate I, the nature and material of the construction and 
 enrichment being the same. The main shaft is of white brick, or grey stocks, or malms, 
 according as the one or the other may be employed in the building generally, banded with stone 
 and relieved by occasional courses of colored brick. 
 
 The angles beneath the brackets of the cornice are shewn to be of stone, enriched with 
 ocised or inlaid ornamentation to match the similar introductions elsewhere applied. The cornice 
 and crowning termination is wholly of stone, and should be good Ancaster, or similar sufficiently 
 hard stone, seeing that it would be exposed to the full action of weather, &c. 
 
 The richer example is identical in design, or nearly so, with the chimney stack adopted in 
 the case of the Lodge before mentioned as lately erected in Suffolk ; the main, if not the only, 
 difference being that the representation here given shews an introduction of bandings of redbrick, 
 while in the Suffolk Lodge the whole structure was, as has been before said, without any such 
 admixture of colored material. 
 
A LODGE -ITALLW STYLE. PL 3. 
 
A PAIR OF DETACHED VILLAS— GERMAN. 
 
 23 
 
 DESIGN No. 9. 
 
 A PAIR OF DETACHED VILLAS — GERMAN. 
 
 {Plates 1 2.) 
 
 Plate 1. — The double Design here given shews two further varieties of the completely 
 detached Villa according to the German type. That distinguished as No. 1 differs mainly in 
 being, as respects plan, more roomy, or having dimensions somewhat greater than No. 2, and as 
 comprising an additional Bed Room. These differences, however, need by no means be necessarily 
 adopted. The same idea or general arrangements might be carried out upon a less extended 
 scale. The same observation might be also applied to No. 2, supposing a reduction of size to be 
 desired. , 
 
 The Elevation in each case shews, as will be noticed, a part of the front in projection 
 before the other part, — in No. 1 less in width but greater in depth than in No. 2 which on the 
 contrary is greater in width and less in depth, — the recession thus formed being occupied. <>r 
 filled, in both instances by a Verandah in connection with the Ante-room or Music-room on the 
 Ground floor, and forming in the case of No. 1, a means of access to the gardens therefrom. 
 In the case of No. 2 such communication with the garden might be had, or the Verandah might 
 be used as a Conservatory or an Aviary, or both. 
 
 The Main entrance to each house is at the side, and is readied by a flight of steps from 
 the front garden, and screened by a covered Portico or Porch, assimilating in character with the 
 Verandah. The servants' entrance is from the back by similar steps to those at the front 
 entrance, leading down to the Kitchen level. 
 
 As to the material to be employed in dealing with the elevations this may be regulated 
 
 by taste, or by the facility afforded for procuring the one or the other of such as are usually 
 
 employed. In the elevations brick coated with Portland cement is contemplated, the lower 
 
 portions of the fronts being lined out to imitate stone. It is not desirable, however, as a rule. 
 
 that this lining out should be adopted. If cement be used, it is difficult to shew a good reason 
 
 why it should not appear in its natural state and character, relieved only by such mouldings and 
 
 sinkings as may be properly endorsed upon it. It should, correctly viewed, make no pretension 
 
 to being stone. Every species of material has its own legitimate nature and appearance, and 
 
 the secret of correct architectural expression is the dealing with each in accordance therewith. 
 
 The Hoofs, as in the other German examples given, are overhanging roofs with verge 
 
 6 * 
 
24 A PAIR OP DKTACHED VILLAS— GKKMAN. 
 
 rafters ami cut brackets. In No. 2 a part of the gable is tilled in with boarding cut to an orna- 
 mental pattern, and both Designs have pierced tracery or ornamentation in the spaces formed by 
 the hanging pendants and collar ties which connect and finish the upper part of the verge rafters. 
 The woodwork of the roofs where exposed to sight should be wro! fair, and it should be pro- 
 tected b\ varnish. If depth of color be desired a small proportion of Stockholm tar might be 
 used with the varnish, but great care must be taken in this case that the proportion of the former 
 is small, and that it be used in a thoroughly fluid state. <.r difficulty will arise in its application, 
 and too dark a color be produced. 
 
 Plate 2. With regard to the accommodation provided in the Plans we have, as respects 
 No. 1.— 
 
 ii Servants' entrance and Lobby and steps. 
 b ditto passage and stairs to upper 9 tones. 
 
 c ditto Water-closet. 
 
 (/ ditto lied- room 1 I tt. 0 in. by I 1 ft. n in 
 e Coal-cellar. 
 
 /' Scullery 15 ft. <l in. by 9 ft. 6 in. with sink and copper. 
 g Kitchen l!> ft. I> in. by 14 ft. 0 in. 
 k Pantry 7 ft. li in. l>v 5 ft. (i in. 
 
 i Dairy- or Store-room l> ft. II in. by T> tt. 6 in. 
 
 On the GROCTNti, or FIRST STORY. 11 ft. 6 in. high. 
 
 a Front or Principal entrance and inner Vestibule. Porch and steps, &c. 
 h Hall and staircase. 
 <• Water-closet. 
 
 <l Dining Room 2'A ft. Ii in. bv 15 It. 0 in. 
 ' e Withdrawing Room Mi ft. b' in. bv 14 ft. in. 
 
 / Second Dining Room. Music-Room, or Ante-Room 1 1 ft. i\ in. by II ft. 6 in. 
 g Verandah and steps to garden. 
 
 On tin- ONE PAIR, or SECOND STORY, 10 ft. Ii in. hi<di: 
 <t Morning Room I I ft. (i in. In I I ft. (1 in. 
 h Landing and Stairs r<» upper Storv. 
 i- Water-closet for One Pair floor. 
 '/ I lousemaid's-cl.)set. 
 
 f ' l»cd-Rooms, respectively Hi ft. Ii in. by 14 ft. Ii in.. 15 ft. n in. by 14 ft. 6 in., and 
 \ 12 ft. II in. by Hi ft. Ii in. 
 
 and in the Roof two good Attics, forming an upper Story, might be obtained. 
 
I? b Story. II nd Story. 
 
 A PAIR OF DETACHED VILLAS (GERMAN) PL.Q. 
 
2C» 
 
 A VILLA— ITALIAN- 
 
 DESIGN No. 10. 
 
 A VILLA — ITALIAN. 
 
 [Plate 1.) 
 
 The Villa here represented may be taken to shew a more strictly Classic style of treat- 
 ment than the Italian idea for a Lodge previously given as Design No. 8, or that for a pair of 
 similar Villas shewn in Design No. 12. The latter, indeed, professes to be Anglo-Italian, at once 
 admitting its adopted character, while the Lodge embodies the characteristics of a style which, 
 though less pure than the first mentioned, has the sanction of use in several parts of Italy, and 
 joins therewith other features, admissible it is imagined, though belonging, perhaps, less ex- 
 clusively to that country. 
 
 The latter will recommend itself, possibly on the score of departure from a beaten and 
 over-worked track, and in the opportunity it affords for a more unfettered exercise of taste, and 
 for the production of new and less arbitrary exhibitions than classic rules in their integrity for 
 the most part prescribe. 
 
 On the other hand there is great beauty and attractiveness in the regulated forms and 
 received proportions of the more strictly classic model, such as is here presented, and which 
 properly dealt with, not merely in the letter but in the spirit, will to the educated eye, always 
 have a charm sufficient to secure their proper estimation and consequent adoption. 
 
 In the example under consideration the general arrangement of the building is that of a 
 centre and two corresponding wings, the latter, in fore and back effect, being limited to one 
 story in height above the ground, and the former having an additional story apparent over its 
 whole extent. This portion, forming as before said the centre, is flat or terraced-roofed for 
 promenade, &c., and should be surrounded by a ballustrade or an ornamental iron or other 
 metal railing. The wings are covered by a span roof, partly within which the chambers con- 
 stituting the One Pair Story over these parts is contained; the necessary light for the same being 
 procured from the gable ends, as shewn on the One pair Plan. 
 
 The simplicity of the main front, and the good old rule which prevailed of limiting the 
 elevation in houses of the Villa order to two stories of height, is thus effectively secured. 
 Nothing is much less pleasing or more out of character with a rural Villa, and particularly of 
 this type, than a succession of stories, one above the other. In cities and towns where ground 
 is valuable and space has to be made the most of in consequence, there is some shew of 
 reason for such super-imposed accommodation. Under different circumstances and such as 
 generally apply to the rural or suburban residence, it is a mistake, as respects correct taste and 
 pleasing effect, which should be avoided. 
 
A VILLA (ITALIAN) -PL. I. 
 
OS A VILLA— ITALIAN. 
 
 On the GROUND STORY, 11 ft. 6 in. high, there is: — 
 a The Portico and its steps, &c. 
 
 h Hall or Vestibule, separated by an arcade and columns from the passage of commu- 
 nication with the principal rooms and leading to — 
 c Principal Staircase. 
 d Water-closet for Ground floor. 
 
 e Side entrance and Lobby for Servants, leading to the head of the Basement stairs, 
 
 which descend beneath the principal flight. 
 f Librarv 14 ft. 9 in. bv 14 ft. 6 in- 
 fj Dining room 17 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft- (> in. 
 Ii Withdrawing room 19 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 9 in. 
 i Ante-room, or Music-room 14 ft. 9 in. by 9 ft. 6 in., and 
 
 On the ONE PAIR or CHAMBER FLOOR 9 it. 0 in. high, we have:— 
 a Morning Room or Best Bed Room, as might be elected, 14 ft. (> in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 // Landing and stairs to the terraced roof over the centre portion of the building. 
 c Bath-room 9 ft. 0 in. bv 9 ft. 0 in. 
 (/ Bed-Room 14 ft. 9 in. by 9 ft. 0 in. 
 e Back Bed Room 14 ft. (> in. by 12 ft. 6 in. 
 
 I Bed Rooms, respectively 14 ft. 9 in. by 7 ft. (> in., 14 ft. 9 in. by 13 ft. 0 in. and 
 h \ 14 ft. 9 in. by 7 ft. 6 in. 
 
 Of these three last rooms, /and // might be appropriated to Servants, and g as a Nursery. 
 i Upper part of principal Staircase and well-hole of the same. 
 
 The House therefore may be described generally as containing Entrance Hall, four Sitting- 
 rooms, and six Bed-rooms, &c. with Kitchen, and other necessary offices, in all 13 or 14 rooms, 
 an amount of accommodation not more than sufficient for the requirements of a family of the 
 better middle class. 
 
Front Elevation. 
 
 A NriH'HHAN VILLA (U-KMIAX) PL. I. 
 
A SUBURBAN VILLA- GERMAN. 
 
 29 
 
 DESIGN No. 11. 
 
 A SUBURBAN VILLA— GERMAN. 
 
 {Plate I.) 
 
 This is a pleasing character and form oi* the single or detached Villa tor a suburban 
 situation, and might also with slight alteration of the plan, involving only the position of the 
 lights and the access to the Basement on the entrance side, be arranged lor a semi-detached pair 
 of Villas; the projected side entrance forming the point of junction between the two. Its main 
 characteristics are more strictly of the German kind, but the same general arrangement and 
 feature is applicable equally to an indigenous style. 
 
 Like the German examples already given, it has the projecting Verandah leading, inde- 
 pendently of the use of the front door, from the principal floor, — in this case from the Library, — 
 down to the gardens; the Porch at the main entrance, corresponding in design with the Verandah; 
 the advanced or overhanging and ornamented Gable rafters; and the long casemented windows 
 so usual in foreign Villas generally of this class. The mode of dealing with the architectural 
 decoration of the elevation is also similar to that which the other German designs present. 
 
 Beyond these points, however, which are those oi' detail, having reference to particular 
 country or derivation, there is nothing, as before said, to interfere with the reception of the 
 design as applicable to a common want, to be regulated and varied only as tar as may be called 
 for by a different situation and the charaeteristics of another or of a home nationality. 
 
 With respect to the material indicated on the elevation the same remarks as those offered 
 in noticing the similar designs previously given will equally apply. A cement coating, as presumed 
 in the elevation, may be adopted, or the walls might be of brickwork, either of one or more 
 colors. This latter mode of dealing with the exterior would create a variety and warmth of effect 
 in most cases preferable to the sameness and coldness of tone which is the accompaniment of 
 the cemented surface, particularly where unbroken by overlaid ornamentation. The Verandah 
 and similar screen at the main entrance might be of iron, or wood, so treated as to accord with 
 the ornamental woodwork of the roof, might be used for these, as well as tor the railing 
 between the posts of the same, and for that round the balcony. This latter suggestion, if followed, 
 would probably still further establish the foreign or German character of the Design. 
 
 As regards Plan it has been considered unnecessary to shew more than the arrangements 
 of the Ground, or Principal, Floor, and of the Chamber Story. Those of the Basement would 
 
 Villas. g 
 
jJO A Sl'UL'KBAN VILLA— GERMAN. 
 
 be necessarily subservient to the upper construction, and the appropriation of the space to the 
 respective rooms and domestic accommodation called for here would be a matter of very easy 
 disposal The Kitchen might be under the room C of the Ground plan, as of good size and to 
 the rear of the house; the Scullery under />, as contiguous thereto; both being in proximity to 
 the servants' entrance, placed beneath the steps leading from the principal floor to the back 
 garden. Lnder </ would be the Servants' water-closet; under / a Servants' room, and the 
 space below </ and c might be appropriated to the cellarage. Such appears to be a convenient 
 arrangement, but others equall} so might probably suggest themselves on further consideration. 
 
 On the PRINCIPAL STORY, II ft. 6 in. high, the distribution is as follows, viz:— 
 a Entrance Hall, and staircase to upper floor. 
 b Study, Parlor, or Breakfast-Room 14 ft. \) in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 c Dining-Room 21 ft. n' in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 
 <l Morning-Room, or Second Drawing-Room, or Music-room 16 ft, 0 in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 
 opening upon — 
 e The Verandah and steps to front garden. 
 f Principal Drawing-room 1(5 ft. 0 in. bv VS ft. 0 in. 
 g Water-closet for principal floor. 
 
 On the ( HAMBKK STORY, S rt. 1) in. high, the accommodation afforded is: — 
 h Landing. 
 i Housemaids' closet. 
 / Water-closet for Chamber-floor. 
 / and /// Bed-rooms, respectively 12 ft. 6 in. by 1 I ft. 6 in., and 15 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. o in. 
 n Nursery 15 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 6 in. 
 o Linen-closet. 
 
 I> and </ Best Bed-rooms, the former 15 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 9 in., the latter 1(> ft. 0 in. 
 
 by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 r Balcony. 
 
•}2 A I'AIK OF VILLAS— am;lo-iiauan. 
 
 considered us a coated surface, agreeing with the view, — Plate 1— or with the detailed portions 
 shewn in Plate 2 and 3, where uncovered brickwork is indicated, is relieved by horizontal 
 bandings and other introductions of coloured brick, red and black. The strings and cills, the 
 base-moldings and key stones, &c. are assumed to be stone. This kind of relief is equally appli- 
 cable in both cases, and if it were desired to adopt, as might be convenient in certain localities, 
 where red brick is the staple commodity, the latter material might be introduced for the main 
 construction, and the red bandings might be exchanged for white, or such might be formed in 
 grey stocks or in malms with good effect; the black brick courses being in each case retained. 
 
 For the roofs, cut slate and a tile cresting, or roofing tile such as described in Design 
 Noi 14, might be adopted. The rinials should be composed of lead and iron; the overhanging 
 ratters and other woodwork of roof should be oak or good red deal varnished. 
 
 As to plan and the accommodation shewn thereon, — see Plate I — , we have in each 
 
 house: 
 
 On the BASEMENT, 7 ft. 6 in. high, 
 a Kitchen 12 ft. (i in. by 12 ft. 6 in., exclusive of the Bay window. 
 h Scullery, with sink and copper 1)5 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in. 
 <■ Pantry. 
 d Coal-cellar. 
 
 Servants' Water-closet. 
 / do. stairs to upper stories, and entrance to Basement beneath same. 
 
 On the (iROl'Nl) STOKY, Hi ft. 4 in. high, 
 a Entrance Hall and Staircase. 
 
 I) Front Parlor, or Drawing Koom 14 ft. (I in. by 12 ft. 9 in. 
 t Back do., or Dining Room 13 ft. (i in. by 12 ft. '.I in. 
 '/ Water-closet. 
 
 t Landing and steps to back garden. 
 
 / Steps from front garden to the lower level of entrance to the Basement and the back 
 gardens. 
 
 </ Landing and steps to front or Principal entrance. 
 
 On the OM-: PAIK or CHAMBFK STOKY, S ft. <i in. high: — 
 a Landing and stairs to Turret-Koom. 
 b Principal Bed Koom 13 ft. 6 in. by 12 tt. «» in. 
 C Back Bed Koom I '.\ ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. ( .l in. 
 '/ Servants' Koom 7 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 
 and in the Tower, or Turret, 
 a small Prospect Koom, Study, or additional Servants' Koom 8 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 
» • « 
 
 4 floor 
 
 :: 
 
 12 0 
 
 7 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 
 (' I'mvol' Villaf. niui.lo fMohan 
 
A PAIR OV VILLAS — IT ALLAN. 
 
 33 
 
 With reference to the detailed illustration, that given in 
 
 Plate 2 exhibits an Elevation in great part, and a Section and half Plan of the Bay- 
 window which lights the front rooms, both on the Ground Story and on the Basement, with 
 the mode suggested for the glazing of the sashes; shewing also the stone and other ornamenta- 
 tion of the piers and arches, &c, and the form and nature of the cills, and of the cornice and 
 roof covering. 
 
 In the half Plan the arrangement of the shutters and their boxings is likewise indicated, 
 and in the Section, with other constructional matters, the elevation of the front flap of the 
 shutters, and the window back and other finishings of the interior of the Bay. 
 
 The scale of these several details is half an inch to a foot. 
 
 Plate 3 in a corresponding manner, and to a like scale, gives an Elevation of the upper 
 portion, or stage, of the Tower or Turret above the Hall and principal Staircase, with its chimney, 
 — shewn also in its return or side elevation at B, and in plan, taken through the flue vents, 
 at C, — with other constructive and ornamental features. It also gives in A a plan, likewise 
 through the flue vents, of the central chimney shaft between the two houses, shewn in the 
 perspective view, Plate 1 . 
 
 Villas 
 
34 
 
 A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS — ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 DESIGN No. 13. 
 
 A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS— ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 {Plate I.) 
 
 In this Design the Italian may be considered to be the prevailing character, though it 
 embodies some points which may be held to depart from the more general and strict exhibitions 
 of this style. These are not sufficiently numerous, however, or of such a marked kind, as to 
 take from the propriety of the designation so given to it. 
 
 As in the case of the two similar semi-detached Villas of German character given as 
 Design No. 7, the Elevation shews two varieties of architectural treatment, each, subject to 
 the trifling difference shewn in the porches, based upon plans which correspond with one 
 another. The attachment of the two is also of a similar kind to that adopted in Design Xo. 7, 
 that is to sav, simply by a low wing-building containing the Servants" entrance and Lobby and 
 Water-closets, in the Basement, and the similar conveniences on the two stories above, each 
 reached from the landings of the principal staircase, and having the necessary cisterns for water- 
 supply over them. 
 
 In elevation the two houses are nearly entirely similar to each other, a slight difference 
 occurring only in the mode of dealing with the root of the projecting portion of the fronts, one 
 being pediinented and the other hipped, and in the finishings of the advanced Portico or Porch. 
 
 In the one case this latter feature is of a more permanent or substantial character than 
 the other, inasmuch as it shews stone or brick enclosures taking the form of piers or pilasters, 
 from the caps of which rise stilted flat arches, supporting a cornice and pierced parapet, with 
 angle piers for the reception of vases, or other such like ornaments, above. In the other the 
 enclosure is of wood resembling in character a Verandah, or what the Germans call the ''tambour" 
 rather than a Porch. — Its upper part, that is to say so much as is immediately above the height 
 requisite for headway, is prepared for glazing, as might be also the two side compartments and 
 the smaller ones on each side the doorway, and if folding doors with glazed upper panels were 
 placed in the latter the whole Verandah, or Porch, might form a Conservatory, through which 
 to enter the house. This would be a very agreeable feature in a country or suburban Villa. 
 In both cases the covering of these projected erections is a lead flat, access to which is obtained 
 by folding casements from the room / on the One Pair Story. Jn the first, as before noticed, 
 this flat is surrounded by a pierced parapet of stone, or other similar material. The latter is 
 protected by a metal railing, in which ornamentation, more or less, according to taste, might be 
 introduced. Both are likewise reached by a flight of several steps, by which means the principal 
 
DESIGN FOR A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS -ITALIAN STYLE -PLATE I. 
 
A PA1B OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS — ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 To 
 
 story is well raised upon the ground, and the Basement story proportionally elevated above such 
 level upon the principal, and in accordance with the reasons previously given when speaking on 
 this point. With reference to the material to be employed, the elevations shew, as in other 
 Italian examples given, the cement covering, as one perhaps more generally, at least until lately, 
 preferred for buildings of this kind. The quoins or angles of the projecting parts of the fronts 
 are also formed in cement rusticated, as might also be the other angles of the building though 
 not be shewn in the design. These rustications are capable of infinite variety and of all degrees 
 of embellishment so that individual taste may be accommodated as respects this feature, which 
 in many instances secures an architectural appearance very legitimately and at comparative small 
 cost. The strings, window and door architraves and tabels, cornices, &c. are also presumed to 
 be cement, but stone might be adopted for triese and the other dressings mentioned, either with 
 a cement coating for the general front, or with the use of brick simply left exposed. 
 
 As respects the windows it will be observed that, following not only an Italian, but a 
 general foreign characteristic, they are furnished with casements, as distinguished from sashes, 
 those of the ground story and those opening on the balconies above the porches having their 
 height divided by a transom bar; the upper opening in two folds and without such division. 
 Plate glass, or the best Hatted French sheet glass, would be most suitable for the glazing of these 
 as well as of the principal Entrance doors. The woodwork of both casements and doors, should 
 be the best seasoned yellow deal, or where superior character and finish might be required, 
 Mahogany might be applied with advantage, on the score of appearance and also as having less 
 tendency to warp and twist when cut into the small scantling usually required in casements. 
 
 Broomhall Tile, or slate cut to pattern, or plain banded slate of two or more colors, as 
 before suggested in other Italian designs, might be adopted for the roof covering, and if it were 
 desired to reduce the capacity of the design, more particularly with reference to so much of it 
 as is shewn to be comprized in this portion of it, that is to say, the accommodation within the 
 roof, the same could readily be done by lowering the pitch of the latter, and limiting the elevation 
 of the projecting part of the front, to the level of the cornice at the eaves; the pediment in 
 the one case and the hipped roof in the other being made to issue from the main roof at this 
 point, instead of at the higher level shewn on the elevation. This would curtail expense, by the 
 entire omission of any rooms above those of the second floor, leaving the accommodation afforded 
 such as is shewn on the plans given in the Plate, viz: — 
 
 On the BASEMENT STORY, 7 ft. 9 in. high:— 
 a Kitchen 19 ft. 9 in. by 14 ft. I) in. 
 
 b Scullery, with sink and copper, &c. 16 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft, 0 in. 
 c Cellars. 
 
 d Servants' Stairs to upper floors. 
 e & f Store-Closet and Pantry. 
 
 1 * 
 
36 
 
 A PAIR OK SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS — ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 g Servants' Water-Closet. 
 
 h ditto, Entrance Lobby, and steps up to front garden. 
 
 On the GROUND STORY, 11 ft. 0 in. high:— 
 
 a Entrance Porch. 
 b Hall and Staircase. 
 c Dining Room 16 ft. 6 in. by 14 ft. 6 in. 
 d Withdrawing Room 19 ft. 6 in. by 14 ft. 6 in. 
 e Parlor, Breakfast Room, or Study 13 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 / Water-closet, and 
 
 On the ONE PAIR STORY, 10 ft. 6 in. high: 
 g g Bed Rooms, of the sizes, respectively, of the Dining Room and the Withdrawing Room 
 beneath. 
 
 h Dressing Room and Bath Room, of the size of the Parlor below. 
 i Water-closet for Chamber floor, entered from the quarter space of stairs. 
 k Landing. 
 
 / Smaller Bed Room 13 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 m Balcony, or flat over Porch. 
 
 The appropriations here given are of course — and the observations will apply in all other 
 cases — not to be taken as arbitrary, but only as suggested ones. Particular notions or especial 
 family requirements will probably in many cases necessitate a different arrangement in this 
 respect, and where this occurs the plans given will be accordingly subject to such other appoint- 
 ment, orusesof the several rooms as may be preferred or found requisite. 
 
W nnf J, I i I 
 
 Scale of the Plans . 
 
 A VILLA RESIDENCE (GERMAN) 11 .. I . 
 
A VILLA RESIDENCE— GERMAH. 
 
 37 
 
 DESIGN No. 14. 
 
 A VILLA RESIDENCE— GERMAN. 
 
 {Plates 1 and 2.) 
 
 This Design, in the main resembling that given as No. 1, exhibits a suburban or perhaps 
 more properly speaking, a rural Villa of the German class. It is wholly detached, and is assumed 
 to stand within its own surrounding lawn and gardens. The principal, or what is usually in Eng- 
 land denominated the Ground Story, is elevated 5 ft. i) in. or thereabouts, above the general 
 surface of the land, on a Basement, by such arrangement wholly lighted from, and as before 
 advocated, in great part raised above the ground level, as is shewn in the Elevation, where' the 
 windows of the Kitchen appear beneath those of the Bay of the Dining Room. 
 
 This elevation of the principal floor has other advantages beyond that which applies to 
 light and the opportunity it affords, as before remarked upon, for securing a dry lower story. — 
 It economizes, in many instances, since the accommodation required, is obtained in a lesser extent 
 of space than would be consumed were the principal story really a ground story, and the domestic 
 accomodation necessary spread out in connection with it on the same level. With the Basement 
 beneath there is likewise considerable saving of roof-covering. On an undulating surface it 
 might be necessary also for view that the house should have more height than would be requisite 
 in the other case. To these points may be added the fact that sites, particularly near London 
 now, of the extent sufficient for even a moderate adoption of the surface disposition, would be 
 expensive, either to purchase or to take on lease. So much of the area therefore as is saved by 
 placing the Basement under the same roof as covers the rest of the house is gained for the 
 garden, — a question of much value viewed in connection with a suburban or rural Villa, and the 
 money cost of the requisite amount of ground to make this character real. 
 
 Placing the basement beneath and elevating the ground floor, it will be seen on reference 
 to the elevation that the latter is reached from the front garden lawn or carriage drive, as the 
 case may be, by a flight of 7 steps, admitting from beneath a timber Portico — placed on the right 
 of the front, and agreeing with a Verandah of like material and construction placed before the 
 window of the Library or Breakfast Room shewn on the left of the elevation— to the Principal 
 entrance, opening by means of glazed folding doors and circular fanlight over upon the Hall and 
 Staircase and thence to the several rooms on either story. From the Verandah on the left a 
 like flight of steps leads also to the front garden, to be used as a separate or private means of 
 access thereto; the Verandah being either enclosed with glass to act as a Conservatory, or left 
 open in the ordinary manner. From the Music Room d on the Ground plan there is also a similar 
 
3g A VILLA RESIDENCE— GERMAN, 
 
 private means of aecess to the front gardens, which might be likewise screened by a Porch, or left 
 simply as a flight of steps with railing or ballustrade, as indicated on the plan. The servants' 
 entrance from the exterior to the Basement is shewn on the right, or side, of the house at h on 
 the Basement plan. 
 
 On the architectural treatment both constructive and ornamental of the elevations little need 
 be added to what has been already said when describing other similar designs before given, and 
 it is only perhaps necessary first to call attention to the limited height which the upper story 
 exhibits as compared with the principal one. This is a peculiarity which should be retained as 
 agreeing with the best examples of the Italian class. Protection from the sun and small and 
 in-frequent opening as effecting this is an essential element and constant feature in southern archi- 
 tecture. Shortened elevation and well projected or overhanging roofs laid thereon secure as far 
 as may be this desideratum in such case. Applying Italian appearance, therefore, to others, the 
 same general principle should be followed and retained as fully as can consistently be admitted 
 with requirements which are not wholly parallel or to the same extent necessary in climes less 
 favored with a generally uninterrupted sunny sky. 
 
 The accomodation provided in the plans, shewn beneath the elevation, which is that of the 
 main or principal front is in 
 
 Plate 1 is as follows: viz: — 
 
 On the BASEMENT STORY, 8 ft. 0 in. high, 
 
 a Kitchen 15 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 6 in., exclusive of the area of the Bay-window. 
 
 b Scullery 15 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft 9 in., average width. 
 
 c Store Room 1 1 ft. 0 in. I>v 7 ft. 0 in. 
 
 d Servants' ditto 13 ft. I) in. by 1 i ft. 6 in 
 
 e Pantry 13 ft. I) in. by 7 ft, 0 in. 
 f f Wine and beer cellars. 
 
 <t Servants' Water-closet. 
 
 h ditto Entrance and steps. 
 
 * ditto stairs to Ground and upper Stories. 
 k k Coal and Wood-cellars. 
 
 On the GROUND or PRINCIPAL STORY, 11 ft 6 in. high, 
 Q Dining Room 16 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft, 9 in., exclusive of Bay-window. 
 L Library, and Breakfast-room 17 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. 
 c Withdrawing Room 20 ft. 0 in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 
 <l .Music Room 1 1 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in., with private steps to back gardens. 
 e Water-Closet and Lobby thereto. 
 / Outer Hall and Principal Staircase. 
 
40 
 
 A PAIR OF SEVEN-BOOMED VILLAS (SEMI-DETACHED) — ITALIAN 
 
 DESIGN No. 15. 
 
 A PAIR OF SEVEN-ROOMED VILLAS (SEMI-DETACHED) — 
 
 ITALIAN. 
 
 {Mates 1. 2, 3, 4 and 5.) 
 
 In this design is exhibited, meeting a frequent want as regards capacity of house, the 
 Elevations and Plans with sectional and other Details, &c. of a pair of semi-detached Villas, con- 
 taining seven rooms, with a small additional chamber, to be used for the purposes of a retired 
 Study, or where it might be desired a Prospect Room, or it might be appropriated as an Extra 
 Servants' Bedroom. It is, as will be observed, formed in the upper part of the Tower, and 
 may be ascended to from the landing of the Chamber Story by a continuation upwards of the 
 general stair, or otherwise. The remaining rooms comprize those of the Basement, three in number, 
 with the usually required conveniences; those of the Ground floor, two in number; and those of 
 the One Pair floor, also two; each story having in addition the necessary Closets, &c. 
 
 It is to be noticed that in the disposition of these several rooms on the plan given in 
 Plate 1, some little difference of arrangement occurs in consequence of a variation made in the 
 position of the Tower in each house, which in one case is placed towards the front and in the 
 other towards the back. These differences, however, merely relate to the non-corresponding 
 situation as regards the one house and the other of the Pantries and coal-cellars in the Basement, 
 and of the Lobbies and specimens on the Ground stories respectively, and being simply entailed 
 by the different place of the Inner in each case, only so far, and to no greater extent, interfere with 
 the similarity of the idea, or the accommodation represented. 
 
 \\ it 1 1 reference to the exterior appearance the matter is slightly different, though the 
 alterations made do not perceptibly affect the geometric projection or representation of the 
 building,— as will be perceived on looking at Plates 2 and 8, — but become apparent only in a per- 
 spective view, and largely, it may be fairly considered, to the advantage of the design. 
 
 There is necessarily no good cause why strict uniformity of plan and elevation should 
 appear even in a conjoined or semi-detached Villa such as is here proposed. On the contrary 
 there are often far more cogent or absolute reasons why a departure from such a course should 
 be followed. In the case of the present design there is sufficient, in fact, a close adherence to 
 the same likeness, but qualified by the variety of outline and effect which the altered position of 
 the main or most prominent feature affords. 
 
 The extent to which this operates will be at once seen on reference to Plate 4, where the 
 
\l PAIR QF VlttAS-'- ITALIAN. ?h.l 
 
A PAIR OF SEVKN-ROOMED VILLAS — ITALIAN. 
 
 41 
 
 perspective aspect of each house is shewn projected from the plans as they appear on Plate 1 and 
 would be represented, the elevation exhibited in Plate 3, as distinguished from that given in 
 Plate 2, being the one allotted. 
 
 In this Plate (Plate 4) A is the front view of the hou.se. the plan and elevation of which 
 occupies the right house of plates I and 2, respectively. B being a similar view taken, however, 
 from the back of the house on the opposite or left hand side of the same plates, each represented 
 as they would appear according to the design given in Plate 3. 
 
 In the former the Tower agreeing with the geometrical drawing is shewn in a position 
 removed towards the rear of the house, leaving the entrance Porch and some length of side wall 
 or return of the building in advance of the Tower, and forming on the plan a front Lobby or 
 Vestibule to the Hall and Staircase. In the latter the Tower is only very slightly kept back or 
 recessed from the front of the house sufficient only for giving the requisite size or area to the 
 Porch which screens the front door. In this case the Lobby or Vestibule in connection with rhe 
 Hall and Staircase is consequently placed in the rear of the latter and opening immediately upon 
 the steps leading to the garden behind and shews itself as a projection backwards instead of for- 
 wards from the Tower, differing thus and to the further extent from A that in the latt< r. as bef 
 mentioned, the back Porch and steps are reached direct from the main or inner Hall and Staircase, 
 promising a lesser projection to a closer approach to the back front. 
 
 The varied arrangement of the plan in each house and the perspective effect and 
 appearances produced thereby, being thus generally adverted to, the accommodation afforded 
 has next, following previous course, to be noticed. 
 
 In each case there is: — 
 
 On the BASEMENT STORY, 8 ff. 0 m. high:— 
 
 a Kitchen 10 ft. <» in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 b Scullery 14 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 
 C Servants' Bed-room 10 ft. 0 in. by 8 ft. 6 in. 
 
 d Pantry. 
 
 6 Water-closet (Servants'). 
 /' Staircase to Ground floor. 
 (} Coal-cellar. 
 
 On the GROUND STORY, 9 ft. 6 in. high, there is:— 
 
 li Front Parlor, or Dining Room, 16 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 6 in. 
 
 i Withdrawing Room, or second Parlor. 10 ft. 6 in. by 14 ft. 6 in. 
 
 k Lobby or Vestibule, in one case to the front and in the other to the rear. 
 
 / Water-Closet for Ground floor. 
 
 in Hall and Staircase. 
 
 Villa*. n 
 
44 
 
 A N INK-ROOM KD V1LI.A— TUDOR GOTHIC. 
 
 DESIGN No. 16. 
 
 A NINE-ROOMED VILLA— TUDOR-GOTHIC. 
 
 (Plates 1, 2 and 3.) 
 
 This is an adaptation of the general Characteristics exhibited in English houses of the 
 Tudor period to the modern purposes and requirements of an English Country Villa of an inex- 
 pensive description and of a capacity suited to the wants of a moderately sized family. 
 
 It follows in arrangement the good old practice before noticed of being limited to two 
 stories in height as respects the main accommodation and main elevational appearance. Seeing, 
 however, that a high pitch, in intimation of the old roofs, is retained, a portion of the space 
 included within this part is made use of for servants' rooms, or if the family embraces young 
 children. Day and Night Nurseries, removed by this position from too close a proximity to the 
 other ( Chambers. 
 
 These servants rooms occupy as will be observed the main or higher roof of the building 
 and are lighted respectively from the front and back gables thereof. The window of the front 
 room shews itself in the elevation above those of the chamber on the first floor below. In the 
 low er roots over the bed rooms situate above the kitchen and scullery there would not be suffi- 
 eient height for similar appropriation, but the space here, if floored above the ceiling joists^of the 
 One pair might be rendered available as lumber or stowage lofts, very useful adjuncts to a 
 Country house. It has not been thought necessary to give a plan of these last mentioned rooms 
 inasmuch as in floor surface they would be simply reproductions of those below. — The plan of 
 the roofs within what they would be comprized is, however given, that the opportunity afforded 
 by the constructive treatment of the latter for their introduction, may be the more clearly per- 
 ceived and understood. 
 
 \\ ithout this additional accommodation the house contains nine rooms in all with the 
 requisite attached pantries. Store-room, Cellars, Water-closets, &c. There is no Basement or 
 underground story, the domestic portions of the building and its offices being placed on the 
 same level as the superior rooms of the ground story, the access to the latter being by means of 
 the recessed Porch leading to the Entrance Hall and Staircase shewn on the left of the plan, and 
 to the former by a separate Servants' entrance and Lobby forming a part of the low building 
 placed on the right, and containing also the Cellarage and Servants' W ater-closet opening upon 
 the enclosed Servants' Yard, behind and from thence to the garden and the grounds. 
 
ft tMnc roomeD Villa Gu&or Gofljic. W. 1. 
 
.4(3 A XJNE-KOOMED VILLA — TUDOR-GOTHIC. 
 
 readily be executed in brick. In the case of stone being rejected, however, it would be necessary 
 to depart from the Design, as .shewn in the plate, to the extent of omitting the quoinings of the 
 windows and other openings to which such are applied.— The introduction of stone is, as before 
 said, here assumed and consequently the character and treatment appropriate to this material is 
 exhibited. Where brick is employed solely these quoinnigs would not appear, but the angles of 
 all openings would be formed in the molded or by more simple splayed brick, and would shew 
 such an angle-finish accordingly. 
 
 In thus referring to stone or brick for the purposes here named, it is of course to be under- 
 stood that the more legitimate methods of building are to be followed, and should a contrary desire 
 be entertained or originare, as it is too often the case, in the wish to obtain the effect without the 
 reality of the means or materials used, because less costly, one other mode has the sanction, to 
 some extent, of a comparatively ancient authority. In an old house not far from Barking in 
 Essex, of late Tudor age, the quoinings and such like finishings to door and window openings, &C, 
 are formed in a very tenacious and stonelike looking Cement. This latter material might there- 
 fore, without absolute impropriety, be substituted for stone, where the latter is indicated in the 
 design. In this case the brickwork, where it is to be covered with the cement, should be recessed 
 or kept back from the general face of the work about three quarters of an inch, so that the 
 cement may be worked to finish Hush with the face of the other portions, and not in projection. 
 Projected quoinings are wrong in principle in gothic work, such being here as a rule, and thus 
 distinguished from classic work, the principle of recession, not imposition of molding or surface, 
 80 applied. 
 
 For the roof covering plain tile would be the most fitting in association with the red brick, 
 and as conveying ancient character, or a good grey slate, as shewn on the elevation, would not 
 be inadmissible, and if banded with tile and crested with a tile cresting, would be more agreeable 
 as relieving so large a surface of otherwise one color; or the Green slate might be banded or 
 arranged in pattern with the same material of another color. The Chimnies, where the house 
 shews the plainer treatment exhibited on the elevation, should have the rectangular shaft capped 
 w ith a molded brick capping of simple design. Where ornament and molded work is introduced, 
 ornamented brick chimneys should follow, and of these there is no lack of variety to be easily 
 obtained. — In many cases the ornamental chimney occurs in houses in other respects with but 
 few if any other ornamental features to accord. 
 
 The external Doors to be strictly in character should be oak ledged Doors, or framed and 
 ledged; the boarding in the latter case being laid on, and in both studded with nail heads and 
 hung with long strap hinges of Gothic pattern — the rest of their furniture to match. 
 
 The windows, to be rigidly correct, also should have solid frames and casements as dis- 
 tinguished from sashes, and if glazed with glass in circles, after the German and Low Country 
 fashion, would have good effect. There are practical objections, however, to the use of casements, 
 it being difficult to make them well exclude the weather. With the circularly cut glass there is 
 
•ftuie-Toomed Villa $.ui>ov f otl)ic tt 2. 
 
43 A VILLA RESIDENCE (DETACHED) — G EH MAN. 
 
 These chimney pieces might be executed in any of our native marbles, in which shape 
 they would probably more readily meet modern ideas as to material for the purpose; but several 
 of the harder kinds of stone might be employed to advantage and would approach nearer to 
 that seen in ancient example. 
 
 Some other French marbles would be found to have a very pleasing effect in chimney 
 pieces of this kind here required; among these may perhaps be mentioned as coming within rea- 
 sonable cost, the Jeanne Fleuri, a pale yellow with exceedingly delicate brown veins runnning 
 very regularly over the surface; Vert Marin, a green marble less hard than Genoa green, and 
 consequently more easily worked. St. Anne marble is also pleasing in color, having a grey 
 ground mixed with white spots and veins. There are also the Grwtte and Rouge Royal, red 
 marbles; but these are exceedingly expensive, and there is likewise Emperor's Red, a Portuguese 
 marble of a pink color, sometimes mixed with white spots and veins. This latter has not as yet 
 been much used in England, but well chosen is well adapted for the richer kind of chimney pieces-. 
 
 The Rethersden marble of Kent, where it can be obtained in pieces of sufficient size and 
 in such case sound, has a very unassuming and appropriate appearance, in the Dining room of 
 such a house as this. There is also a very beautiful drab color marble somewhat approaching 
 in tone that of the feathers of the dove, in which similar spots and marks, but of a paler and 
 darker drab, to those seen in Bethersden and Purbeck marble occur and vary the general color, 
 which has a very rich though at the same time quiet character. Some chimney pieces of this 
 material executed some few years since at a house at Ingress in Kent, are very satisfactory; 
 
Section . 
 
 Basement. 
 
 T W 'lllillf 
 
 to 
 
 9 
 
 Scale of t le Elevation 
 
 2 nd Stor 
 
 7 
 
 VILLA RESIDENCE (DETACHED) liKHMAX . l'L.I 
 
 0 
 
A VILLA KESIDENCK < I »ETA( 'MED I — fiEKMA X. 
 
 49 
 
 DESIGN No. 17. 
 
 A VILLA RESIDENCE (DETACHED) — GERMAN. 
 
 {Plate I .) 
 
 This is a Villa residence containing in the whole fourteen rooms, inclusive of additional 
 servants' chambers in the roof and in that part of the projected front which is continued up 
 above the level of the corbelled parapet of the former, and exclusive of the necessary cellars, 
 pantries, and other offices of such kind in the Basement story. 
 
 This Basement is sunk only to half its height into the ground: its windows being entirely 
 above, and the principal floor raised to a proportionate extent above the garden or fore court 
 approach to the house. This affords opportunity for the display of something like dignity of 
 aspect at either entrance. As will be seen the main means of reaching the ground or superior 
 floor level, is placed at the side of the house, and is b} f a flight of steps enclosed by an ornamental 
 balustrade leading to an outer lobby or Porch, formed at this level within a projecting side wing, 
 which continued upwards to the same height as the general elevation of the building, allows the 
 water-closets on each floor to be formed therein as detached though connected conveniences, and 
 without any interference with the space devoted to the rooms and other portions of the area of 
 the house. In the case of the ground floor, the water-closet is entered from the outer lobby 
 before mentioned, and by the inner screen of the latter, shut from too dose proximity to the Hall 
 and Staircase. In the Basement the servants' water-closet is entered in the same way from a 
 similar lobby beneath that on the Ground floor, and which acts as the servants' entrance, reached 
 by steps descending against the side of the main building. The water-closet for the Chamber 
 floor is reached from the hall' space of the stairs, and the cistern for the water supply to the three 
 would be over this latter, and so direct to all. 
 
 Independently of the Main entrance above referred to, there' is also another which, by 
 means of a flight of stone steps, as to the former, gives access direct from the front, to an open 
 Porch, and thence by means of glazed and folding doors to a Music Room, or Library, communi- 
 cating with the several rooms and staircase on the principal level. This open Porch is arched in 
 three divisions, the whole heighth of the story; the two columns which form the central supports 
 of the arches resting on the piers of a pierced balustrade, enclosing the lower part right and left 
 of the main opening. — By this arrangement the passage of light to the anteroom is not materially 
 affected, and the architectural appearance is good. — If glazed and furnished with doors at the head 
 of the steps this Porch might be used as a Conservatory. 
 
 Villas 13 
 
A PAIK OF SEMI-DETACHKD COTTAGES — SWISS STYLE. 
 
 DESIGN No. 18. 
 
 A PAIR OF SEMI-DETAC HED COTTAGES — SWISS STYLE. 
 
 (Plates 1,2,:} and 4.) 
 
 In this design an adaptation of Swiss characteristics, so far as exterior feature is con- 
 cerned, has been attempted, the plan and the interior arrangements being designed to accord 
 with English requirements and habits. 
 
 The lower story, as will be seen on reference to the Elevation forming Plate 1, is pro- 
 posed to be of brick. The upper story is shewn as constructed of Timber, having projected 
 balconies and overhanging roofs; assimulating in appearance, though not agreeing in use, with 
 the external galleries, or means of communication between the upper rooms, generally seen in 
 Swiss houses. The external stair, the usual accompaniment of these galleries in the latter case, 
 is for obvious reasons here dispensed with; the projections acting simply as roofed or covered 
 balconies before the windows of the principal chamber, while the supporting posts which appear 
 in front of the lower portion of the elevation, form a kind of open Porch before the entrance 
 door and the contiguous window of the front Parlour or Dining Room. It will be observed that 
 so much of the balcony as is immediately over this window, has a coved -ceiling from the window 
 head to the underside of the balcony. Should it be desired to have exactly similar windows 
 in the room this might be omitted and the window carried up with upper lights as to those 
 which adjoin it right and left, and the balcony finished in the same manner as in the other parts. 
 
 It is perhaps unnecessary to say that the timber frame of the upper story is proposed 
 to be covered, mainly with overlapping feather-edged boarding, and in parts with square edge 
 boarding, cut to pattern; all the angle and other vertical posts of the framing and of the window 
 and door frames being kept forward, so that the boarding may finish against the same with a butt 
 joint. All the fixing pins where exposed to sight either on the framing or boarding, should be 
 of wood, no iron nails should be apparent. The balcony fronts and the enclosure of the Porches 
 are proposed to be of boarding inch and a quarter thick, cut to a fanciful pattern, as indicated on 
 the elevation and shew n more particularly in the detail of the same, given in Plate 3. The coved 
 ceiling and the Hat woodwork under the balconies are to be similarly cut to pattern, as is also the 
 boarding over the upper window-heads and on the faces of the tie beams above. 
 
 With regard to the lower windows it is to be borne in mind that the frames should, 
 properly for true character, be set flush with the face of the brickwork in which they are placed, 
 
A PAIR OF SEM1-DEGACHED SIX -ROOMED COG&AGES SWISS S6YLL-PL2. 
 
A PAIS OF SEMI-DETACHED 0GTTAGE8— SWISS STYLE 
 
 53 
 
 and that the heads, transoms and cills should run out, to use a technical expression, as horns 
 into the brickwork. It will happen, however, that this cannot always be done, as in the case of 
 houses in and near to London, from a legislative enactment which provides that windows shall be 
 recessed and set within a reveal. In this case the frame must be set back and the horns omitted, 
 but the whole of the face of the frame or at least all but sufficient to cover joint should be 
 exhibited, so as to preserve a substantial character, as respects the timber, correspondent with 
 the upper part. The same observations of course apply to doors, or other openings simi- 
 larly fitted. 
 
 The description of wood to be thus used, will have to depend on convenience and other 
 regulating circumstances. Where possible, oak would be the better and more fitting material. 
 It is also recommended by the color which it early obtains after use and exposure to the atmo- 
 sphere. It would be necessary, however, in the ease of the posts, brackets, and other solid 
 timbering of this sort, that it should be well seasoned to prevent the chance of twist or crooked- 
 ness. Good clean yellow deal would be also a fitting material, either stained and varnished, or 
 varnished without stain. Paint is objectionable in an artistic point of view, and has only the 
 advantage of requiring less frequent renovation than the stain or simple varnish. 
 
 As respects glazing, easements with quarry lights in pattern, or in wells-eye circles would 
 be most appropriate. 
 
 For the roof, green Westmoreland slate would best suit, and the same covering should 
 surmount the Chimney vents. The chimneys and chimney shafts would of course be of brick of 
 the same kind as that employed for the lower story of the house. 
 
 The accommodation afforded in each cottage, consists, as before said, of six rooms, three 
 on each story, with Cellarage, Pantries, Closets, and other necessary conveniences for a small 
 family. The arrangement of these several rooms, &c. are shewn on the plans given in Plate 2. 
 On the lower of these shewing the 
 
 GROUND STOKY, 1Q ft. (i in. high, there is;— 
 
 A Entrance Hall and Passage. 
 
 B Parlor 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 
 C Dining Room 14 ft. I) in. by 12 ft. 6 in. with re seats within the recess of the 
 windows. 
 
 D Kitchen 15 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 6 in. with (/(/ closets and dresser. 
 
 E Scullery 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. with sink and copper, and door to yard behind. 
 
 F Pantry. 
 
 G Staircase to upper floor. 
 H Water-closet for Ground Story. 
 / Open Porch. 
 
 Villas. ] 4 
 
54 A PAIS OF SKM1-HKTACHK1) (.'OTTAGE.S — SWISS STYLE. 
 
 On the upper plan, that of the 
 
 ONE PAIR or CHAMBER FL06&, 9 ft. 0 in. high, there is:— 
 K Front or best Bed Room 14 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. ('» in. 
 /. Back ditto I 5 ft. 0 in. by 14 tt. (> in. 
 M Water-closet for < 'hamber-story. 
 N Landing, 
 0 Housemaids' closet. 
 
 /' Third Bed Room. 16 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 
 r LI* v .* • V 14 ' ■ I ' * 
 
 Q Balcony covered by the projecting front gables of .Roof. 4 
 If further accommodation be required, an additional chamber could be obtained by build- 
 ing over the sc uller}-, which is shewn on the plans as a one story erection, the windows of the 
 Staircase and the Water-closet on the One Pair, being in this case simply shifted to a different 
 pi isition. 
 
 The detail of this design selected for illustration, comprizes portions of the ornamental 
 woodwork both of the lower and upper stairs, and of the brickwork as exhibited in the ehimnies 
 and other parts; the ironwork to the former and to the gables being also shewn at large for tin- 
 clearer exposition. 
 
 Plate 3, devoted to the first mentioned of this detail, shews in 
 
 Fig. 1 an enlarged elevation of the superior gable of the forefront with the balcony below 
 the same at the level of the chamber floor; the latter in connection with the head of the parlor 
 window below. 
 
 Fig. 2 is a like enlarged elevation of the projecting porch and balcony connected with the 
 inferior or smaller gable, shewing the entrance door and its ornamentation, and the coved ceiling 
 above the latter and the Dining room window, &c. 
 
 Fit:. .'5 being a section, shewn in juxta-position, through the wood ceiling and the balcony 
 or gallery above it. 
 
 Fig. 4 exhibits to a still larger scale than that of Fig. 1 and 2. The pattern of the cut 
 boarding which forms the filling-in face, or enclosure of the balconies of the One Pair. 
 
 Fig. 5 shews in the same manner the pattern of the cut boarding which forms the 
 enclosure of the front porch. 
 
 Both these patterns are given simply as an idea. Others in great variety and of equal pro- 
 priety are readily procurable or will with a little consideration suggest themselves. 
 
 Fig. 0 gives the angle bracket at C on the elevation Fig. 1, also further enlarged, and 
 more clearly shewing the section of its molding, and 
 
 Fig. 7 is a like representation of the bracket which supports the one pair balcony at the 
 angle D on the elevation. 
 
 The bracket at K would be similar. 
 
A PAIR OF SEMI -DEC ACHED COCCAGES- SWISS SCYF.E. PL 3 DECA1LS. 
 
A PAIR OF SEMI - DE CACHED CO Ct AGES - SWISS SCYLE PL 4 
 
A PAIR OF SEMI DETACHED COTTAGES — SWISS STYLE. 55 
 
 Plate 4, giving the detail of portions of the brickwork, shewing in 
 
 Fig. 1 an enlarged front view of the central stock of ehimnies, with the mode of rooting 
 or covering in of the same and the metal vane which surmounts it. 
 
 Fig. 2 is a similar elevation of the side stock in each house viewed at its end, in dis- 
 tinction to 
 
 Fi<f. 3 which represents the back stocks viewed lengthwise or in front. 
 Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the brick buttress which occupies the centre of the general 
 elevation Plate 1 and forms a separating feature between the two houses, and 
 Fig. 5 is the side elevation of the same, shewing its profile. 
 
 With respect to the metal work shewn in connection with the chimney tops and with the 
 gables, if iron be used it should be tinned or galvanized and subsequently painted. Copper, 
 however, would be a preferable material both on account of its greater ductability and its less 
 liability to conversion and consequent decay under atmospheric influences. 
 
 14 * 
 
50 
 
 A DETACHED VILLA— ANGLO-ITALIAN. 
 
 DESIGN No. 19. 
 
 A DETACHED VILLA — ANGLO-ITALIAN. 
 
 (Plates 1 and 2.) 
 
 This is a design having similar general eharacteristics to the former exemplars given of 
 the Italian and Anglo-Italian style, but varied in particular treatment. Its front elevation, as will 
 be perceived (see Plate 1) exhibits a main or principal portion and a receding wing or side 
 addition, an appearance and arrangement which will equally apply to the back elevation from 
 which some of the inferior domestic offices are projected backwards on the one side; a Conser- 
 vatory fitting the recess formed by the lesser extent in depth of the wing building on the other. 
 
 In the main or superior portion is comprized the chief or family entrance, on the right of 
 whic h appears the large bay-window of the Parlor or Library, the two windows of the Bed-room 
 over the latter, and those which light the landing of the staircase and the accesses to the Chambers 
 generally on the upper or One Pair floor. In the wing-building the casemented window of the 
 withdrawing room appears and above this the two similar ones which give light to the front 
 Bed-room in this part. Carrying out the less important appearance which should characterize 
 Ehis portion of the structure treated as a wing to the other, the roof from covering a less span or 
 extent as regard width has a less elevation though retaining the same rake or inclination of rafter 
 as the principal roof with a brick of intervals at a lower level than the main ridge. In other 
 respects the two roofs are exactly similars. The bricketted eaves-cornice which crowns the 
 elevation, also agrees in each and is continued round the entire building at one level. The same 
 is the case with the strings and the several bandcourses at the springing of the window and door 
 arches, &e. The horizontal tie and connection is thus preserved at the same time that a suffi- 
 ciently distinct character is established by the sky-line and by the advanced and recessed 
 position respectively of the two portions. 
 
 Designed for a rural or country situation as distinguished from that of a town or a more 
 strictly suburban one, no basement or under-ground story is introduced: for a proper amount 
 of elevation, however, the floor of the principal story is raised somewhat above the ground level. 
 This may be adopted in the whole or in part, as might be called by particular circumstances or 
 deserve, a principal floor well elevated is generally, however, a great advantage in a house of this 
 kind and adds much practically to the comfort, and in an artistic point of view to the satisfaction 
 of its occupier. In the present instance, as before said, the elevated arrangement here advocated 
 has been adopted. The principal means of access is by a Might of stone steps leading to the 
 
<£leuaticm. 
 
 to s to 20 .to 40 
 .Scale ■ of 1 .... 1 . .. . I I I 1 the Eleoation 
 
A DETACHED VILLA— ANGLO-ITALIAN. 
 
 57 
 
 chief door of entrance. These steps arc guarded by dwarf parapet walls, and a protecting railing and 
 connected metal standards, which might either support lamps or be formeoLinto baskets, or such 
 like reeeptaeles, for Moral ornamentation. Corresponding metal work, in the shape of balconies to 
 be used for a similar purpose, might also be placed to the windows, and particularly to those of 
 the Parlor and Drawing Room, if not to the upper ones, as shewn in the detail of the latter "iven 
 in Plate 2. Painted in bright color and relieved by gilding these accessories, in either or both 
 cases, would form a by no means unpleasing combination with the colored material and inlaid 
 enrichments exhibited in the constructive features of the building. 
 
 With these latter it is proposed to deal as has been already suggested in former cases. 
 The window and door arches, as shewn in the elevation, should be red brick carefully guaged and 
 set in fine putty. The springing and keystones should be of Bath stone, each with an inlaid 
 ornamental tile, or they might be executed in terra-cotta with a similar inlaid or molded ornament 
 of different color. The band-courses should be likewise of red and other colored brick. The 
 string-course beneath the one pair windows should be formed of Bath stone, enriched with inlaid 
 ornament, or executed in terra-cotta, similarly treated to the key and springing stones. The 
 brackets and bed-mold of the roof cornice should be, according as Math stone or terra-cotta might 
 be elsewhere used, of corresponding material, and the panels in the frieze might be stone inlaid 
 with colored tile, or entirely of ornamental tile, or terra-cotta. The general face-work of the fronts 
 are designed to be Portland cement pannelled to form, as shewn, the ornaments in the angels of 
 the panel margins to be inlaid tiles. The shafts of the columns to the bay-window of Parlor to 
 be colored marble, the caps and bases Bath stone. The roofs should be covered with Broomhall 
 tile or tile of similar character; the color grey, or grey relieved occasionally by bands of a 
 brown red. 
 
 The elevational treatment being thus disposed of, the arrangements of the plans, given 
 with the elevation on Plate 1. and the accomodation provided therein may next be referred to. 
 
 The GROMD or MAIN STORY, 10 ft. 0 in. high, comprizes:— 
 
 a Entrance Hall and Staircase, with an enclosing arcade, or screen, at its further end. 
 h Parlor, or Library, lb' ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 6 in., with its bay-window looking to the front. 
 C Passage between rooms, and to the domestic offices, &c. 
 <l Principal Water-closet for ground floor. 
 * Kitchen 14 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 / Scullery 14 ft. (> in. by 9 ft. 6 in., with door of access to the enclosed Servants' Yard. 
 </ Dining Room 21 ft. 0 in. by 15 ft. 0 in., with communication therefrom to the Con- 
 servatory. 
 
 h With-drawing Room 21 ft. 0 in. by 15 ft. 0 in., also communicating with the Conser- 
 vatory. 
 
 i The Conservatory 14 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 6 in r 
 
 Villas. 1 B 
 
58 
 
 A M5TACJIKO \ IU-A — ANGI.O-ITAUAN 
 
 k Pantry. 
 
 / Coal-cellar. 
 
 m Servants' Water-closet. 
 n ditto. Yard, enclosed. 
 
 The ONE PAIR STORY, 9 ft. 0 in. high, contains as follows, viz:— 
 (i Landing and Corridor and Caller} to tin- several rooms, &c. 
 b lied Room 15 ft. <> in. by 12 tt. 0 in. 
 c Smaller ditto for Servants 15 ft. 0 in. by 9 ft. 0 in 
 </ Best Bed Boom 16 ft. G in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 e China, or Linen, or Housemaids-closet. 
 f Bed Room, or Nursery 13 ft. I) in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 q Water-closet for Chamber floor, and 
 h Front Bed Room 16 ft. <> in. by 13 ft. 6 in. 
 
 In connection with this latter room a small Dressing-Room might be obtained, if desired, 
 by partitioning off the space at i on the plan of this story, and lighting the staircase ami gallery 
 by a Hat light in the ceiling, below a skylight in the roof above it, and in the case of further bed 
 room accommodation for servants or children being necessary, an additional chamber could be 
 also obtained by carrying up the walls of the Scullery and inclosing this space within the main 
 roof. For the latter want, the area thus gained might be made a Night-nursery in communication 
 with f as a Day nursery. 
 
 The features of this design to which it may, perhaps; be more particularly desirable to 
 refer and illustrate in a detailed shape, form the subject of 
 
 Plate 2. In this plate — 
 
 Fig 1 gives an enlarged elevation, having the plan or horizontal section of the same drawn 
 beneath, of the front entrance door, and the adjoining small window which lights the Hall at the 
 foot of the principal stairs; together with the ornamental metal-work for the lamp or flower stand 
 which rises from the spandrel! or enclosing walls of the steps, &c. 
 
 Fig. 2 shews a like enlarged elevation, and a plan of one of the front windows of the one 
 pair or Chamber Story, with a balcony attached, and the detail of the Casements and their interior 
 finishings, &c. 
 
 In both these last mentioned figures the character of the enrichment introduced in the 
 arches, and other portions in immediate connection with each, is more distinctly shewn. 
 
 Fig. 'A exhibits the elevation of the chimney caps, also drawn to a like increased scale; 
 together with the ornamentation of the frieze and the panelling of the chimney shaft. 
 
A DETACHED VILLA ANGLO ITALIAN PL. \L (DETAILS.) 
 
i 
 
()|| \ PAIH OF EIGHT-BOOMED COTTAGES— SEMI-DETACHED. 
 
 decoration of the splayed reveals of the Doors and Windows is a narrow sinking, taking the form 
 of a Greek fret. The openings in the Bay-windows are similarly decorated and above the blocking- 
 course of its cornice, which resembles the main cornice, is n terminal ornament of carved stone, 
 or terra cotta foliage of corresponding or Grecian character. 
 
 The material may be brick coated with cement over the entire surface, as seen on the 
 elevation, or the cement might be limited to the lower story, and to the cornices and strings, 
 cills, &c.; the upper story being faced with malms or other facing bricks. In this case the fret 
 round the upper windows would have to be omitted, or a cement face by way of flat architrave 
 formed round them, in which the same might be worked. In this use of cement for the purposes 
 and places here mentioned the less expensive modes of building are contemplated, as more likely to 
 be generally required in houses of this class. Stone, where the greater expense does not enter into 
 the consideration, would be the better material in the place of the cement. The Roofs are shewn 
 covered with slate with cut hip and ridge flashings, and an ornamental hip knop finishes the point 
 of junction between the latter. The chimney stacks would of course be coated with cement, or 
 built in nncoated brick according as the upper story might be executed in the one or other 
 manner. It will be seen that the chimneys are capped with semi-circular shaped Hue divisions, the 
 external ones having a sunk panel to match the panelled body, or dado, of the chimney shaft. 
 Other patterns of the flue division would be equally applicable and are readily to be obtained. 
 
 With respect to the arrangement of the plans this is also identical. 
 
 On the GROUND STORY, Hi ft. o in. high, then; is in each house: — 
 a The recessed Entrance Porch. 
 b Hall and Staircase. 
 
 c Front Parlor \ 'A ft. »> in. by 11 ft. 6 in., exc lusive of area occupied by the Hay-window. 
 <l Back Parlor 12 ft. U in. bv 1 I ft. C> in. 
 
 •r 
 
 e Lobby and Back Entrance from garden, &c. 
 / Water-closet for Ground floor. 
 </ Kitchen I I ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. <» in. 
 
 h Scullery l<> ft. <» in. by 7 ft. % in. with Copper, Sink. &C. 
 i Coal-cellar. 
 
 k Servants' Water-closet, entered from the Garden. 
 L l Paved Yard. 
 Garden beyond. 
 
 On the ONE PAIR STORY, 8 ft. 0 in. high, the plan .-ontains:— 
 / Landing, with China and Linen closets. 
 
 th Children's Bed-room, or Dressing-room, communicating with 
 /J Front, Bed room II ft. 0 in. by I 1 ft 6 in. 
 
» 
 
 A I'AIK OF KKJHT-KOOMKI) VILLAS — SKM I -DETACHED. 61 
 
 o Back Bed-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 6 in. 
 
 j> Passage to Servants' Chamber. 
 
 q Water-closet for Chamber floor. 
 
 /• Store closet. 
 
 $ Servants' Bed-room 11 ft. 3 in by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 
 Such are the contents of the plans, which it is considered thus provide for all the essential 
 requirements of a house of this description. The sizes given to the several rooms may, of course, 
 be varied to a greater or lesser extent as may be rendered necessary by particular desire, the 
 design in other respects being maintained as here proposed. As to a lesser size however, it can 
 hardly be considered that such under ordinary circumstances will be called for. 
 
 In a design of this simple character it has not been thought necessary to enter into the 
 question or delineation of the detail of its parts. It will be sufficient to observe that partaking 
 of Greek characteristics in the main, the mouldings and finishings to the" internal and external 
 features should also be of Greek contour, or section and jreneral character. Such are now 
 very usually, in fact almost constantly, used in buildings of this description, and they consequently 
 carr}' with them the recommendation that the planes and other carpenters tools in common use 
 produce them, an element which has its weight in the question of cost, both from the facility 
 of obtaining them and the readier knowledge possessed by the workman for their production. 
 The surface and other internal decoration, if propriety in an artistic point of view be considered, 
 should also follow, as far as is possible in association with modern wants, classic practice or idea. 
 
 The cost of such a pair of Villas as here represented may be taken, viewed under ordi- 
 nary circumstances, as reaching, approximately, to from £ 600 to £ 700, that is to say from £ 300 
 to £ 350 each. Locality, however, as respects a greater or less distance from London, would, of 
 course, affect this calculation in some degree. 
 
 Villas 
 
g2 A COUNTRY VILLA — GKKMAN 
 
 DESIGN No. 21. 
 
 A COUNTRY VILLA— GERMAN. 
 
 [Platen I and 2.) 
 
 In this design we have a further example of the Country Villa according to the German 
 type. It is of a semi-Gothic character in general elevation, consisting of a main edifice with a pro- 
 jected front portion, square on plan to the extent of the ground floor height, and canted at the 
 angles above; the parapet of this portion being corbelled over, after the fashion of a machieolated 
 arrangement, and battlemented. The main portion of the building has also a parapet similarly 
 treated, but without the battlement. The projected portion thus takes in great measure the 
 appearance, viewed geometrically, of a tower, to which the manner in which it necessarily rises 
 from the main roof further assimilates it. The upper part, or story, of this projection forms a 
 room at the same level as those contained in the roof of the rest of the building. This might be 
 used as a private Study, seeing that its ceiling would be square, and that it is otherwise dealt 
 with differently to an ordinary room in an upper or Attic story. The three windows which light 
 it appear in the front, and the central one is formed as a doorway opening upon a projecting 
 stone Balcony, supported on corbelling and a corbel shaft running down between the one pair 
 windows. The detail of the Balcony, &cC, which might be made a pleasing feature of the front, is 
 given on Plate 2. 
 
 As respects the other stories it will be seen that they consist of a Basement, half raised 
 above the exterior Ground level; a principal story, correspondingly raised to the height of about 
 4 feet from the Garden and general approach level; and of a One pair or Chamber floor, immedi- 
 ately above the latter; Attics, as before said, occupying the space included within the roofs. 
 The main entrance to the House is situated on the left of the elevation beneath a shallow Porch, 
 and is ascended to by a flight of seven steps, opening immediately upon an outer Hall and the 
 Staircase; from whence communication, separate in each ease, is obtained to the rooms of the 
 Ground floor by an inner Hall or corridor (c on the Ground Plan). In the rear of the Staircase 
 is the ^'ater-eloset for this story, and the entrance to the Basement is from behind at this side 
 of the Building. On the right of the elevation, and filling the angle formed by the projected 
 portion of the front, is an open Verandah, reached from the approach by a flight of steps as on 
 the opposite side. This Verandah supports a Balcony, to which the windows of the room b on 
 the One pair plan, affords the means of access. A communication with the lower part of the 
 Verandah also exists in connexion with the room / on the Ground plan, as a provision or means 
 
si 
 
 Front Elevation, 
 
 Ground Story. 
 
 One Pair Story. 
 
 ff-m 
 
 4w4 
 
 
 
 — F — 
 
 •j 
 
 
 
 •Scale of t 
 
 xe Eleva 
 
 lion. 
 
 
 A COUNTRY VILLA(GERMAN) PL.I. 
 
A COI'NTKY VILLA— GKKMAN. 
 
 for reaching the gardens, &e. without passage through the Hall and main entrance. The Balcony 
 above the Verandah, the material of which is shewn as wood, is enclosed by ornamental iron-work, 
 and the ascending steps to it with the like. The detail of the woodwork and ironwork of this 
 Verandah is shewn on Plate 2. 
 
 The windows are all, as will be observed, furnished with transomed casements, except in 
 the Upper story where they arc without the transom, after the prevalent fashion abroad, and 
 should be fitted with plate or large squares of flatted sheet glass. In the lower or longer squares 
 a metal bar might be placed so as to divide these into the same size square, as regards the glass, 
 as the upper ones. This remark will apply to the upper windows of the front and to all the 
 glazed doors. The fan-lights over the latter might be similarly divided, but they look better, as, 
 indeed do the casements, when one square is used, as may be readily done when; plate ^lass is 
 adopted. The drawback is simply the expense of such description of glass. 
 
 The material indicated in the Elevation is brick covered with cement, the angles quoined; 
 the lower story being jointed in imitation of coursed stone. Uncovered brick for the upper por- 
 tion, moulded to door and window and other openings, and Bath stone for the lower, and for the 
 quoinings and other dressings, would be however preferable, where the question of cost does not 
 prevent. The Balcony to the upper windows of the front should in either case be of stone, and 
 the coping to the battlements and gables and the blocking of the cornice would be better, as 
 exposed more particularly to weather, also of stone. The parapet or guard walls to the steps, 
 as well as, of course, the steps themselves should be so likewise. It is hardly necessary to remark 
 that these modes of treatment would apply in either case to all the elevations. 
 
 The accommodation contained on the plans, given on Plate l> with the front Elevation, is 
 distributed as follows, viz.: — 
 
 On the GROUND, or PRINCIPAL STORY, 12 ft. 0 in. high: _ 
 a Entrance Porch. 
 b Outer Hall and Staircase, 
 c Inner ditto or Corridor. 
 
 </, Breakfast Room, or Library 15 ft. (J in. by 11 ft. 6 in. 
 e Withdrawing Room 24 ft. I) in. by IT) ft. b in. 
 
 /' Second Drawing Room, .Music Room or Boudoir 19 ft. <) in. by 15 ft. 6 in. 
 
 g Dining Room 16 ft b in. by 15 tt. b in. 
 
 h Verandah, or Conservatory, IS ft. <• in. by 8 ft. 0 in. 
 
 i Water-closet for principal floor. 
 
 / Steps and Servants' Entrance to the Basement Story. 
 
 On the ONE PAIR, or CHAMBER FLOOR, 1<> ft. 6 in. high:— 
 a Front Bed Room 1<» ft. 6 in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 b Best ditto 10 ft. 10 in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 
 16 * 
 
g4 A COUNTRY VILLA— (iKRMAN. 
 
 c Smaller Back, or Bachelor's Bed Room 15 ft. 6 in. by 1 I ft. I) in. 
 d Larger Back Bed Room 17 ft. <> in. by 15 ft. 6 in. 
 i Bath Room and Dressing Room 15 ft. (*> in. by 8 ft 0 in. 
 f Passage of communication. 
 qg Housemaids-closet, and China, or Linen closet. 
 A Dressing Room to a 10 tt. 0 in. by 8 ft. (> in. 
 i Water-closet for < "hamber Moor. 
 / Landing and Stairs to Attics. 
 / Balcony over Verandah. 
 
 Plate 2 of this design, as before observed, exhibits the detail, enlarged, of the woodwork 
 and ironwork, &C. of the Verandah shewn on the right of the plan and Elevation. The references 
 to the several portions will be sufficiently clear thereon. 
 
 » 
 
^1 II 
 
A DETACHED VILLA— COMPOSED GOTHIC. 
 
 05 
 
 DESIGN No. 22. 
 
 A DETACHED VILLA — COMPOSED GOTHIC. 
 
 (Plate 1.) 
 
 The main features of the general treatment of this design, speaking as regards the 
 Elevation, are derived, or rather composed, from an adaptation of the chief characteristics of the 
 French Gothic style, to a small Villa arranged in other respects to suit modern English wants and 
 habits. It is in great part a reproduction of a small country house lately designed for erection 
 in the County of Suffolk, but reduced in capacity to meet a more limited requirement than existed 
 in that case, or in other words to meet the necessities of a general or ordinary Villa of 
 its class. 
 
 As exhibited on the plate, the Elevation presents a principal gable to the front, with an 
 attached Tower, both projected somewhat before the rest, or less important portions, of Ihe 
 building, formed by the domestic offices and the chambers, &c, over this latter part. The lower 
 story of the Tower acts as a Porch, screening the front Entrance door from the weather. The 
 room above this Porch on the first story forms a small Bed room, or it might be attached as a 
 Dressing room, or Bath room, to the front chamber x on the One Pair plan. The upper room of 
 the Tower is a similar room, and might be appropriated as a private Study or smoking room, or 
 as a servant's sleeping room in connection with nurseries, formed within the roof of the main 
 portion of the house, where such accommodation might be required by the nature and number of 
 the junior branches of the family. The roof of the Tower is of the spire-like character prevalent 
 in French architecture of this description. 
 
 Beneath the main gable attached to the Tower, the front shows a semi-octagon bay- 
 window, lighting the Withdrawing room, and a window of three divisions, lighting from the same 
 direction, the front Bed room on the One pair story. — The circular window immediately within 
 the gable would either afford part of the light necessary to the nurseries, or would simply give 
 the means of ventilating the space within the roof if not so appropriated. The fuller light which 
 would be necessary in the case of its use as nurseries or for other rooms, would be obtained by 
 dormer windows along the side, over those occupying a similar position in the story below. 
 
 The Elevation seen on the right of the Tower shows on the lower, or Ground floor level, the 
 windows of the Store-room and Pantry, formed in projection before the main front wall of the 
 Kitchen, and above these the windows of the Servants' Bed room, occupying a position immedi- 
 lavte over the latter. On the return on this, side, an additional light is obtained for the Servant's 
 
 Villas. 1 " 
 
6<; 
 
 A DETACHED VILLA— COMPOSED GOTHIC. 
 
 room, while the Kitchen is wholly lighted from this direction, so as to do away with the objection 
 of its overlooking the main approach. The entrance for servants and tradesmen is also on this 
 side, and also a means of access to the enclosed yard and inferior offices therein. On the op- 
 posite side or return of the house, a Conservatory is placed in communication or connection with 
 both Drawing room and Dining room. In the centre of the back front there is a back door 
 leading to the gardens, screened by an inner Lobby. 
 
 As to material, good red brick, with bands of black and other colored brick, would have a 
 very good effect. 
 
 A good picked stock with red and black for bands, or with black alone, would be pleasing 
 for the walling. For the springing and key-stones to doors and windows, stone would be best 
 employed. For the enrichment shewn in these on the Elevation, encaustic tiles would be the 
 readiest material. The ornamental courses can readily be obtained in brick, and might be applied 
 also to the gables and chimney caps. The window cills should be stone, and the piercings 
 in the upper stage of the Tower the same. The shafts with their caps and bases at the entrance 
 of the Porch, should be stone, or the shafts might be Derbyshire or Cornish marble. 
 
 For the roofing green Westmoreland slate with purple or blue slate bands, or tile of two 
 colors, might be used. In the former case the ridge cresting should be slate, the ornamentation 
 beneath in lead. In the latter, tile of two colors, as for the roof itself, would be the proper 
 material to be employed. In either case the finials should be metal, say tinned iron, with the 
 leaves and floriations gilt. The hip-knops from which such issue, should be covered with lead, 
 well dressed down on the slate or tile, as the case may be. 
 
 The accommodation afforded in the design is as follows, viz: — 
 
 On the GROUND PLAN: height of Story, 11 ft. 0 in.: — 
 
 a Entrance Porch. 
 
 b do. Hall and Staircase. 
 
 c Withdrawing Room 18 ft. 6 in. by 15 ft. G in., exclusive of the area of bay-window. 
 
 d ( 'onservatory, communicating therewith, and with the Dining Room. 
 
 e Dining Room 20 ft. 0 in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 
 / Inner Lobby, screening the back entrance from the Gardens. 
 
 g Water-closet for Ground floor. 
 
 h Scullery 15 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 0 in., with Copper, Oven, &c. 
 
 i Coal Cellar. 
 
 k Kitchen 15 ft. 6 in. by 14 ft. 6 in. 
 / Lobby to ditto. 
 
 m Store Room, with entrance from the Lobby, and also from the Kitchen. 
 
 ii Pantry. 
 
 o Servants' Water-closet. 
 
A DETACHER VILLA — COMPOSED GOTHIC. G7 
 
 p W ood-house. 
 
 q Knives, Boot-cleaning, &c. 
 
 r Tool-house. 
 
 s Enclosed Yard. 
 
 On the ONE PAIR, height of Story 10 ft. 0 in:— 
 t Landing and Stairs to upper room in the Tower. 
 u Servants' Bed-room 15 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. G in. 
 
 v Bed room, or Nursery 15 ft. 6 in. by 14 ft. 6 in., with Linen-closet and Wardrobe. 
 w Small Bed-room or Dressing Room 13 ft 0 in. by 0 ft. 6 in. 
 a Front Bed-room 18 ft. G in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 y Best Bed-room 20 ft, 0 in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 
 z Water-closet for Chamber Floor, reached from quarter-space of Stairs. 
 
 The upper story of the Tower would contain a room for appropriation, as before men- 
 tioned, to the purposes of a private Study, smoking room, or an additional Servants' room. 
 
 The roof space is in the plate reserved for such further accommodation as might, under 
 the circumstances before suggested, be rendered necessary. 
 
 The scale to which the plans are drawn on the plates, is 20 feet to an inch. The ele- 
 vations are drawn to a scale of 10 ft. to the inch. 
 
 17 * 
 
6g A SUBURBAN VILLA — GERMAN. 
 
 DESIGN No. 23. 
 
 A SUBURBAN VILLA— GERMAN. 
 
 {Rate t.) 
 
 This is a Villa of the same general character as that shown in former German examples, 
 varied somewhat in particular treatment and arranged to suit a suburban or other similar location. 
 As respects Elevation it exhibits a main portion, and returns on either side at right angles there- 
 with, but in each case of less extent, or depth, so as to leave the former in advance both in the 
 front and in the rear, including in each case a Basement, Principal, or Ground, and One Pair, 
 or Chamber, stories: the latter to a part of the height being within the roof space. The advanced 
 or projected portions are gabled to their resjective fronts. The larger return on the right, and 
 the smaller one on the left of the front Elevation given in the plate, are also both gabled; the 
 former in two spans, as indicated on the Section A. B. and the latter, as will be gathered from 
 its inferior span and subservient plan and character, in one. 
 
 All these gables would be similar to that shown on the front Elevation, with the variation 
 only, that in the finish of the right hand side front, a portion of the wall of the house would rise 
 between the two inner rafters of the gable, which meet together in the centre here; an extension 
 upwards which is necessary to constitute a parapet to the lead flat formed, as shown in the 
 section, between these two spans. The outer and connected rafters of these gables, it may be 
 here observed, rest towards the fore-front on the timberwork above the open Verandah, which 
 rills the recess on its right, and towards the back, on the back wall proper of this part of the 
 building. The nature of this timberwork and the mode in which it connects itself in appearance 
 with the Verandah, is shown both on the elevation and section, as is likewise the general design 
 of the Verandah itself. For any detail required for the latter, that supplied for similar features 
 in the German Villas already given, will offer sufficient idea and authority. This will be the case 
 as also regards the ornamental spandrels in the main gables, and in that of the Porch, and as 
 respects other timberwork of the like description. 
 
 In elevational dealing, the plate, as respects the material, indicates a brick under con- 
 struction with a' coating of Portland cement for the chief parts, and rusticated, or jointed, angles. 
 The Basement story is shown as of coursed stone, the Porch with its supporting walls and the 
 enclosing walls of the steps to front entrance and to the Verandah, with, of course, the steps 
 themselves, and the landing thereto, the same. The enclosing wall of the steps down to Ser- 
 vants' entrance should also be stone. To the windows French casements arc shewn, and the 
 
Front Elevation 
 
 Se cti 
 
 A SUBURBAN VILLA CKIIMAX .1*1,. I. 
 
A Sl'Bl'KBAX VILLA— OEKMAN. 
 
 69 
 
 nature of the internal finishing is in a measure, or so far as a small scale will allow, indicated on 
 the Section. 
 
 For the roof covering, good Ladies', or Countess' Slating, is proposed. 
 
 The accommodation provided in the design, as represented in the three plans, is as follows: — 
 
 In the BASEMENT STORY, S ft. 0 in. high, 4 ft. 6 in. of which is above the Ground 
 
 level, there is:- — 
 
 a 'Servants' Entrance Lobby, and Staircase to Ground Story. 
 
 b Kitchen 15 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in. 
 
 c Scullery 13 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 0 in. 
 <l and e Pantry and Store-room, 
 /'and // Coal and wood-cellars (vaulted). 
 
 h Servants' Room 15 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 6 in. 
 
 i Wine-cellar. 
 
 k Servants' Water-closet. 
 
 / Steps to Servants' Entrance. 
 
 The GROUND, or PRINCIPAL STORY, 11 ft. 6 in. high, contains: - 
 a Entrance Lobby. 
 b Hall and Staircase. 
 
 c Parlor, or Music Loom 16 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in., communicating with 
 (I Withdrawing Room 16 ft. <> in. by 22 ft. 6 in., opening to 
 e Verandah, or Conservatory. 
 
 / Dining Room 16 ft. 0 in. by 15 ft. 0 in., opening on the Verandah. 
 </ Water-closet for Ground floor. 
 h Area of Servants' steps. 
 
 On the CHAMBER STORY, 8 ft. 6 in. high to the Collar-tye, there is:— 
 a Landing of Staircase. 
 // Lack Bed-room. 
 
 c Smaller Red-room for servants. 
 (/ and e Children's and Nursemaid's Bed-rooms. 
 / Best Bed-room. 
 
 g Water-closet, for Chamber floor, reached from half space of Stairs. 
 
 Villas. 
 
 18 
 
70 
 
 A DETACHED VILLA — ITALIANIZED GOTHIC. 
 
 DESIGN No. 24. 
 
 A DETAC HED VILLA— ITALIANIZED GOTHIC. 
 
 {Plate I.) 
 
 Tln> is a small detached Villa of nine rooms, viz.: four on the Ground floor, and lour on 
 the One pair; two extra rooms being obtainable within the roof if desired, and which, considering 
 the same would he more generally required, are provided for, and indicated by the upper window 
 which [appears beneath the arched verge board of the roof in the Elevation; the roof of the 
 portion of the building at this point being sufficiently elevated above the other roofs to afford the 
 necessary height. Should it be considered desirable to limit the capacity to nine rooms, the roof 
 might be kept to the one and lower level throughout, the windows in the gable being changed to 
 ventilating apertures, or retained for light and air to lumber or stowage accommodation within 
 the roof space. 
 
 The general character of the Elevation is such as is usually denominated the Italian Gothic, 
 a style which has been much introduced of late both in Villa and other erections, and which is 
 capable of very many pleasing combinations. In the design here given, the stricter phase as 
 respects the introduction of Italian peculiarities, is not to an exclusive degree insisted on, as will 
 be observed from the adoption of verge boards and other features which may be considered 
 characteristic more especially, or at least more arbitrarily, of English versions of the Villa style. 
 Practically such an introduction as the verge board is of much advantage, and therefore for good 
 reason is allowable, subject to such alteration of detailed treatment as may accord with the 
 general one. 
 
 It will be seen in the elevation that white brick is proposed for the walling, relieved by 
 bandings of red brick; a chequered enrichment, in squares of two colors, being introduced beneath 
 the three light window of the One pair, and a continuous string, ornamented with small inlaid 
 circles, beneath the red band at the floor level of this story. Other colored brick, however, 
 would be equally applicable, the color of the bandings being changed accordingly, to afford the 
 necessary contrast and form the subdivisions of the fronts. The Porch is also of brick, in agree- 
 ment with the rest of the main structure having a projected verge board as in the case of the 
 roof gables. The jaumb shafts might be molded brick with stone caps and bases of Devon or 
 Cornish marble. The bay-window is of timber on a brick foundation, with a serrated and battle- 
 mented cornice over it. The windows are furnished with sashes which should be double hung. 
 Green slate with blue slate bandings is projected for the roof covering, and an ornamental cresting 
 
f ? I 
 
 Scale ofihp Elevations. 
 
 40 
 
 =fc= 
 
 J 0 
 
 10 0 
 
 I... .I.. ..I 
 
 «p gp SO 
 
 Sca7e of the Plans. 
 
 Ground Story. 
 
 air 
 
 v^tory. 
 
A DETACHED VILLA— ITALIANIZED GOTHIC. 71 
 
 finishes the ridge. Ornamental hip-knops of wrought metal terminate the points of the hipped 
 portions of the roofs and of the several gables. If iron be used for these terminals they 
 should be tinned, as already remarked in reference to similar introductions in other cases. 
 
 As to the internal arrangements and the distribution of the accommodation there provided, 
 the plans will afford the requisite information. That shewing — 
 
 The GROUND STORY, 10 ft. 6 in. high, contains as follows, viz.: 
 a Entrance Porch, partly in recess and partly projected. 
 
 b The Entrance Hall, leading to the Staircase and having a door of access at the end 
 
 opening on to the Garden behind. 
 C The Stairease. 
 
 d Withdrawing room 10 ft. 0 in. by 15 ft, 0 in., with bay-window looking to the front. 
 e Dining Room 20 ft 0 in. by 15 ft. 0 in. 
 / Kitchen 15 ft. 6 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. 
 
 g Scullery 12 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in., with Copper, Sink, &e., and Servants' Entrance, 
 which might open upon an enclosed Yard in this situation, if it were desired thus 
 to screen the offices, and provide for any such outbuildings as Stabling, Wood- 
 store, Men-servants' closet, Knife, and Tool and Poultry-houses, &c. 
 
 h Pantry. 
 
 i Coal Cellar. 
 
 The three latter are formed, as will be seen, within the lower building shewn on 
 the left of the Elevation. 
 Water-closet for Ground floor. 
 
 On the One PAIR STORY, 0 ft. G in. high, there is comprized: — 
 
 I Landing of Staircase. 
 m Housemaid's-closet, with Sink, &c. 
 
 n Passage of communication between rooms, approached from landing of stairs. 
 o Back Bed-room 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 p Smaller, or Bachelors, Bed-room 1 1 ft. 0 in. by 1 0 ft. G in. 
 
 7 Front, or Best, Bed-room 15 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. G in. 
 
 r Dressing Room, communicating therewith, 10 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 
 8 Nursery, or Servants' Bed-room 15 ft. 6 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. 
 
 t Water-closet for Chamber floor, over that on the floor below. 
 
 With regard to any further accommodation which might under particular circumstances 
 be deemed necessary, suggestions have been before made in speaking of an appropriation of the 
 roof space. Very good Nurseries and servants' Bed-rooms might be here obtained, in which case 
 
 18* 
 
72 
 
 A DETACHED VILLA— ITALIANIZED GOTHIC. 
 
 the room s on One pair plan would form a second, or additional, Best Bed-room, and thus 
 inerease the Chamber provision of that floor. 
 
 It will be observed that all the rooms, elosets, and other eonvenienees, on both stories, 
 have good and sufficient light, in the case of the Drawing room and Dining room from two 
 directions, with a view to the attachment of a Conservatory, or Green house, on the long side, 
 which should be readied from either, and that all, excepting one, — the smaller Bed room p, — 
 have fireplaces. The latter, however, could readily be supplied with one either placed beneath 
 the window, where such a convenience is now frequently placed, the flue ascending in the pier 
 at the side, or in one of the angles against the outer wall: that nearest the front Bed room </ 
 would be the better one, since the Hue could very conveniently, by means of an internally-con- 
 structed arch, be conveyed into the chimney stack which receives the flues from this latter room 
 and the Dining room below, and thus shew no break, or extraneous projection, in the external 
 wall of the house. 
 
A PAIR OF CONJOINED VILLAS. | NINE ROOMS.) 73 
 
 DESIGN No. 25. 
 
 A PAIR OF CONJOINED VILLAS. — NINE ROOMS. 
 
 (Plates 1 and 2.) 
 
 This is a design of the same capacity as to number of rooms in each house as the last, 
 viz. nine, but arranged differently, and possibly in a manner more suitable to a suburban locality, 
 where extent of ground is less cheaply obtainable than in the other case, in which the advantage 
 of a more unconfined, or rural situation is assumed. In the present design the accommodation 
 provided is disposed in three stories, viz. a Basement, partly beneath the surface of the Fore Court 
 or Garden, a Ground or Principal Story, and a Chamber Story above. In each of these stories 
 there are three rooms, as distinguished from other subdivisions and conveniences, making in all 
 as before said, nine rooms. The other accommodation comprised in the Basement stories, 
 respectively, consists of the Pantries, Cellars, and other domestic requisites of this sort. On the 
 Ground Plans the addition is simply that of the necessary water-closet, &c. for this floor. On the 
 One pair Story there are in each case similar water-closets to those below, for the use of the 
 Chamber floor, and besides, two light closets, which might be appropriated as linen or china 
 closets, or used as Dressing rooms or as occasional ( 'hild's Bed-rooms, as might be desired. 
 
 To all of the rooms, it will be observed, care has been taken to obtain good light, and 
 from directions the least open to objection as regards overlooking the approach to the house or 
 one another. They have also all of them open fireplaces to afford, as respects the chambers means 
 of warmth in winter and ventilation in summer. To the principal room on the Ground floor a bay- 
 window is attached, in the one case a semi-octagon on plan, in the other a semi-circle. It will be 
 noticed that the variation in the plan of the two houses is not confined merely to these features. 
 For the sake of picturesque effect in the composition, and in the treatment of the design in 
 Elevation, certain other departures from uniformity have been indulged in. ( In the one house it 
 will be perceived that the principal Entrance occupies a position in front; in the other it is placed 
 at the side. In the former case the Breakfast Parlour, n on the Ground Plan, and the Servants' 
 room beneath, e in the Basement Plan, with the Back Bed-room above it, / on the One Pair plan, 
 form a projecting building, rearward of the main structure, while in the latter the rooms similarly 
 appropriated occupy positions in the main body of the building. In the latter case the water- 
 closets are also included within the main structure, while in the former they are projecting 
 erections in the side front. 
 
 In an artistic point of view the advantages are considerable in this mode of treatment. 
 
 Villas. - 19 
 
A PAIK OF CONJOINED VILLAS. (NINE BOOMS.) 
 
 The sameness of the exact uniformity which is so commonly seen, is anything but agreeable to a 
 cultivated taste, nor is there any practical reason of value why such a system should be stereotyped. 
 It was the observation of a talented and well-known architect of his day that nothing was more 
 offensive to his eye than the everlasting repetitions of "an iron railing and a door" of the London 
 streets. The "ditto repeated" which prevails, happily, however, not without some late exceptions, 
 in our Suburban semi-detached erections, is equally undesirable, and even more to be deprecated. 
 The circumstances and restrictions which often affect and interfere with free adoption of such 
 diversity in the case of a line of street houses, seldom apply with a force sufficient to prevent 
 some approach to a less objectionable and repulsive mode of dealing with the subject in suburban 
 instances, and it is this fact which has originated the varied plan adopted in this design. 
 
 The character of the Elevation, as will be noticed in Plate 2, may be considered to be a 
 composed Italian. The material employed is assumed to be red and white brick; as respects the 
 Ground story disposed in rusticated courses, and in the upper story laid in the usual way. 
 
 The strings, keystones and balconies, and the corbel-table of the cornice, with the parapet 
 walls to the steps, and to the areas, would be, perhaps, more satisfactorily as well as readily, in 
 the neighbourhood of London, executed in stone. Molded white bricks, suitable for either, are 
 however, obtainable. Those from the manufactory at Cossey, near Norwich, are of a very superior 
 quality and make for purposes of this kind, and may be had either plainly molded, or with 
 enrichments of a similar description to those usually introduced where stone is employed. 
 
 In the Elevation green Westmoreland slate is indicated for the roof covering. Red or 
 party-coloured tile Avould, however, carry out more distinctively perhaps the Italian character. 
 
 The fore-front of the right hand house is projected forward to the extent of one half of its 
 frontage; the upper portion of the projected part being gabled and finished as a pediment. The 
 principal, or Ground story, of this projection, has an octagon bay, carried down also in the Base- 
 ment, for the sake of additional size to both the drawing room and the front kitchen beneath it. 
 The breakfast parlour of this house, n on the plan, receives its light from a window placed 
 between this bay and a similar one, but of semicircular form on the plan, which in like manner 
 lights the drawing-room of the left hand house. In this latter case it will be seen that, differing 
 from the right hand house which has but one, two long casemented windows appear above the 
 semicircular bay, and above these the front finishes in a gable and pediment, of similar kind to 
 that of the adjoining, or first mentioned, house. In other respects the windoAvs of this, or the 
 One pair story, are alike in both cases, a trifling difference occurring only in those which occupy 
 the tympanum of each pediment. 
 
 The porch, which screens the front entrance to this house, is formed in recess from the 
 main or road front. In the other house it is similarly recessed from a portion of the side front. 
 Both are ascended to by a Might of stone steps, protected by a similar ornamental balustrade to 
 that which guards the area round the Basement. The servants entrance to the latter story is 
 descended to by similar steps, passing in the one case beneath the landing of the porch, and in 
 
A PAIR OP CONJOINED VILLAS. (NINE ROOMS.) 
 
 75 
 
 the other placed backward to the left of it, in advance of the wing building in which are contained 
 the water-closets for the several Hoors. 
 
 While speaking of the entrance porches it may be observed, that in the Elevation, that to 
 the right hand house, is shewn as an open one, while on the plan it is shewn as a closed one. 
 Should it be preferred to retain the arrangement of the open porch, it would be simply necessary 
 to make the length of the dining-room, m on the Ground plan, take a direction from front to 
 back, instead of being parallel with the frontage, and add a second window on the long side to 
 fill the lengthened space. This would be the only alteration of the Ground plan needed. On the 
 One pair Plan, seeing that the porch would be then in projection, the space over it, as it appears 
 in the Elevation, might be thrown into the small room or closet w, and thus increase its size. 
 
 As respects the Elevational appearance of the side and back fronts, they would follow 
 generally the treatment exhibited in the fore-front. Retaining the arrangement of the closed 
 porch for the right hand house, as shewn on the plans, the Elevation here would be very nearly 
 similar to that of the fore-front in the left hand house, two single windows taking the place of the 
 bay-window and the double long windows on the Ground and One Pair story respectively. The 
 porch and the treatment of the portion above it, would, in this case, be exactly the same in both. 
 In the case of the open projected porch, the front above it would be carried up and finished with 
 a gable and pediment like those of the fore-front, the main roof being continued through from 
 front to back, that above the room over the porch breaking out of it centrally, or thereabouts, in 
 its length. So arranged the back front would shew two pedimented gables, one at either end of 
 the Elevation, projected from the main roof, running lengthwise, and continued over the two 
 houses between them, after the same fashion as in the front Elevation. 
 
 The Plan and Elevation being thus described, the accommodation afforded is next to be 
 considered. Thar given in the — 
 
 BASEMENT STORY, 8 ft. high, is in each house as follows, viz. 
 a a Servants' Entrances and steps down from the fore-courts. 
 
 b b Kitchens, each 18 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. <> in., with dresser and closets right and left 
 of fireplace. 
 
 C c Sculleries, respectively 14 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. and 14 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in., with 
 
 Sink, Copper, &c. 
 d d ( ellars. 
 
 e e Servants' Rooms, respectively 13 ft. 6 in. by 1 1 ft. 3 in. and 1 1 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 / f Passages and stairs to Ground Story. 
 
 g g Servants' water-closet, with, in one case, an entrance lobby from beneath the 
 
 kitchen stairs, the other entered externally from the back area. 
 li h Larders and Pantries. 
 
 19 • 
 
*7(5 A 1*A1K <>F CONJOINED VILLAS. (NINE KOOMS. ) 
 
 On the GROUND, or PRINCIPAL STORY, 11 ft. 6 in. high, there is, in each case:— 
 
 i i Recessed Porches and the steps" of access thereto. 
 k k Entrance Hall and Staircases. 
 
 II W ithdrawing Rooms, each IS ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 3 in., exclusive of the area of the 
 bay-windows. 
 
 m in Dining Rooms, in the one case IS ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 9 in., in the other 1G ft. 6 in. 
 by 13 ft. 9 in. 
 
 n n Breakfast Rooms, or Parlours, each 14 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 0 0 Water-closets for Ground floor. 
 2> p Entrances and steps to Gardens. 
 
 /)' p* Steps down to Servants' entrances from the fore-courts. 
 
 On the ONE PAIR, or CHAMBER STORY, 8 ft. 6 in. high, there is contained: - 
 q q Landing of the Staircases. 
 
 /■ /• Best, or front Bed Rooms, each 18 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 3 in. 
 
 s s Back Bed Rooms, in one case 18 ft. by 13 ft. 9 in., and in the other IG ft. 0 in. by 
 13 ft. 9 in. 
 
 t t Third, or Children's Bed Rooms, each 14 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 u Lobby to water-closet, entered from the half space of stairs, in the case of one 
 house only. 
 
 v v Water-closets for Chamber floor, to both houses. 
 iff w Dressing Rooms. 
 
 x Housemaid's or Linen-closet, in one house. 
 
 The cost of each Villa, as here represented, may be taken approximately at from £ TOO 
 to £ 750. 
 
<0 26 30 M 40 if SO & 60 
 . I I I I I I I l_ 
 
 Scale, o/' Feet . 
 
 u block of four ftetadjei) i%l)t room Villas? 1 
 
A BLOCK OF FOL'K DETACHED VILLAS 77 
 
 DESIGN No. 26. 
 
 A BLOCK OF FOLK DETACHED VILLAS. 
 
 {Hates 1, 2, 3, and 4.) 
 
 In the design or rather assemblage of designs here given, lour varied ideas lor detached 
 Villas are represented, arranged as occupying an irregularly shaped plot of ground or site 
 situated at the angle of two roads, and having consequently a frontage in two or more different 
 directions. Such irregularly formed plots, it i.s unnecessary to remark, are frequently to be 
 found, and they often afford the opportunity for a very picturesque disposition of a block or 
 associated arrangement of houses such as here proposed. It is not, of course, to be expected 
 that exaet similitude to the site here represented would in any case be met Avith, this is not 
 likely, but many points of resemblance might exist and many circumstances occur, under which 
 the idea here shewn might be available, or at least suggestive. 
 
 As just observed, a projected angular piece of land at the angle of junction of two roads 
 is assumed and operated upon, as shewn in Plate 1. Of this the outer or extreme point is 
 occupied by Plan No. 1, which has a frontage towards both roads. The superior, or entrance 
 front, being towards the presumed road at the bottom of the plate, and the inferior or side 
 front towards that on the left of the plate. The former constitutes the carriage approach, and 
 from the latter admission is had to the lawn and gardens, and to the domestic offices in the 
 rear, without interference with the main front. 
 
 Plan No. 2, placed to the right and adjoining in No. 1, fronts in the same way on the 
 presumed road at the foot of the plate; one of the gates of the carriage sweep opening square, or 
 direct, upon this road, and the other upon the return of the same where a diversion of its course 
 is assumed to take place. Upon this return and its presumed continuation, the side front of this 
 house would also look, and it is here, just at the angle of the continuation, that an entrance is 
 provided to the gardens in the rear, and through them to the domestic offices from this direction, 
 a more immediate one being also provided from the main frontage by means of the carriage drive. 
 
 Plan No. 3 has its main, or principal front towards the road on the left of the plate, its 
 carriage drive being from that direction. Its side front is towards the rear of Plans Nos. 1 and 2, 
 and its back on the inferior front of Plan No. 4. Its domestic offices are reached from the upper 
 carriage gate, by a path from the drive, or a separate gate and pathjnight be had if desired. 
 
 Both in this house and in the house No. 1, the [access to these offices is very direct and 
 also sufficiently secured from too full or obstrusive an observation. 
 
 Villas. 20 
 
-jg A BLOCK OP FOUR DETACHED VILLAS. 
 
 In Plan No. 4 the entrance front is jointly towards the road at foot of the plate and 
 towards its continuation before noticed; the carriage gate to the house being in the angle where 
 the latter commences to bend. Its superior side front would also to some extent be towards 
 this continued road, its inferior side front towards Plan No. 3. The access to the domestic 
 offices in this plan would be by means of the path running by the side of the wall, or fence, 
 separating the grounds of this house from those of No. 2. 
 
 The accommodation provided in each house is, as respects the ground story, nearly the 
 same. The Ground plans No. I, 2, and 3 comprize four rooms— plan No. 4 five rooms, with the 
 requisite pantries, cellars, closets, &c, in addition. In the One pair, or Chamber floor, a difference 
 occurs as to number of rooms in each house. No. 1 has four rooms on this level,— No. 3 has 
 three rooms— four might be obtained if the space occupied by the scullery below were continued 
 up,— and No. 2 and 4 have each five rooms. In the case of the latter a sixth room might be had 
 by building over the Scullery as suggested by No. 3. The summary of the accommodation is, 
 therefore, as follows. Design No. 1— eight rooms. Design No. 2, nine rooms. Design No. 3, 
 seven rooms, or if desired eight. Design No. 4, ten, or if desired eleven rooms. Pantries, 
 cellars, and water-closets. for each floor in addition. 
 
 The disposition of these several rooms is proposed to be as follows, viz : — 
 
 On the GROUND STORY of Design No. 1, 10 ft. 6 in. high, 
 
 a Covered Porch at principal entrance. 
 a 1 Hall or Passage. 
 
 b Withdrawing Room 17 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in., exclusive of the semi-circular Bow on 
 its return side. 
 
 c Dining Room 14 ft. 6 in. by 13 ft. 6 in., with square projecting Bay on the fore-front. 
 d Inner Hall and Staircase. 
 
 e Back Lobby and Entrance and steps from the Garden. 
 f Principal Water-closet for Ground floor. 
 g Kitchen 12 ft. 6 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. 
 
 h Scullery 12 ft. 6 in. by 9 ft. 0 in., having Copper and Sink, and a back Entrance tor 
 
 Servants, and to 
 A 1 Servants' Water-closet. 
 i and k Pantry and Larder. 
 
 On the ONE PAIR STORY of this Design, 9 ft. high. 
 
 ■+ 
 
 a Lauding of Staircase. 
 
 b and c Front Bed-rooms, respectively 14 ft. (3 in. by 1 3 ft. 6 in. 
 
 d and e Back ditto, respectively 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in., and 12 ft. 6 in. by 9 ft. 0 in. 
 
 / Water-closet for Chamber floor. 
 
A BLOCK OF FOUR DETACHED VILLAS. 70, 
 
 On the GROUND STORY of Design No. 2, also 10 ft. 6 in. high, 
 a Covered Porch and steps at entrance, as in Design No. 1. 
 b Entrance Hall and Staircase. 
 
 c Withdrawing room 10 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in., with semi-octagon Bay towards the 
 fore-front. 
 
 d Dining Room 10 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. 
 e Back Entrance and steps to Garden. 
 / Water-closet for Ground floor. 
 g Kitchen 15 ft. 0 in. by 1 I ft. 0 in. 
 k Scullery 10 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. I) i„. 
 i Pantry. 
 
 k Servants' Entrance and Porch. 
 / do. Water-closet. 
 
 On the ONE PAIR STORY of this Design, likewise 9 ft. high, 
 a The Landing of Staircase. 
 6 Best Bed-room 16 ft, 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in. 
 c Smaller Bed-room, or Dressing-room 14 ft. 0 in. by 8 ft. 0 in. 
 d Back Bed-room 14 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. 
 
 e and / Back and Front Bed-rooms, respectively 15 ft. 6 in. by 11 ft. 0 in., and 10 ft. 
 
 0 in. by 10 It. 0 in. 
 g Water-closet for Chamber floor. 
 
 The roof space in both these designs might be appropriated as Lumber rooms. 
 In Design No. 3 there is: — 
 
 On the GROUND. STORY, say 11 ft. 0 in. high:- 
 
 a Covered Porch and steps at principal entrance, as in the two' preceding designs. 
 b Hall and Staircase. 
 
 c Dining Room 16 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in., exclusive of the circular Bay. 
 d Kitchen 16 ft, 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in. 
 
 e Withdrawing room 1 5 ft. 6 in. by 1 2 ft. 6 in., with square projecting Bay in the main 
 front. 
 
 / Principal Water-closet for Ground floor. 
 
 g Scullery 11 ft. 6 in. by 1 1 ft. 0 in., with Sink and Copper, &c. 
 h Pantry, 
 
 i Servants' Entrance and Porch, as in Design No. 2. 
 k Servants' Water-closet. 
 
 20' 
 
* 
 
 gQ A BLOCK OF FOUK DKTACHED VILLAS. 
 
 On the ONE PAIR STORY of this Design, 9 it. in height, 
 
 p a Landing of Staircase. 
 
 b and c Front and Back Red-rooms, respectively 10 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in., and 10 ft. 
 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. The former lighted from the front, the latter from the side, so 
 as not to interfere with the additional Red-room which might be obtained over the 
 Scullery. 
 
 d A third Red-room 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 e Water-closet for Chamber-floor. 
 
 / China, Linen, or Housemaids'-closet, as may be found most convenient. 
 There is in the same way in Design No. 4. 
 
 On the GROUND STORY, 1 1 ft. high. 
 a Principal Entrance and outer Hall leading to 
 b Inner Hall and Staircase. 
 
 c Dining Room 10 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in., lighted from the fore-front, with recess for 
 sideboard, &c 
 
 (/ Library, or Parlor 10 ft. <> in. by 10 ft. 0 in., exclusive of the space contained in the 
 
 semi-circular Bay-window. 
 e Withdrawing room 10 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in., lighted from the side or garden front. 
 / Water-closet for Ground floor. 
 
 <j Back Lobby and Entrance, and steps from the back garden. 
 h Kitchen 10 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 i Pantry or Larder. 
 
 k Scullery 10 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in., with Copper and Sink, &c. 
 I Servants' Water-closet, entered from the back garden. 
 in ditto Entrance Porch and steps — and 
 
 On the ONE PAIR FLOOR, height as in last Design 9 ft.. 
 a Landing of the Staircase. 
 
 b Best Red room 10 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in., lighted from side front, as in the case of 
 Design No. 3, for the convenience of attaching the additional room over the Scullery, 
 c Front Red-room 10 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. 
 d Dressing Room 8 ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 
 e and f Front and Rack Bed rooms, respectively 16 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in., and 10 ft. 
 
 1 1 in. by 1 1 ft. 0 in. 
 <j Water-closet for Chamber floor. 
 The general arrangements of the four designs viewed as associated with each other, and 
 the disposition of the- accommodation proposed in each being thus remarked upon, the elevational 
 
A BLOCK OF FOUB DETACHED VILLAS. 81 
 
 character and style is next to be referred to. Such, it will be observed, differs in each design, 
 for the purpose of exhibiting that variety, which, as a rule, should exist in a group of buildings 
 associated and placed as these are proposed to be. 
 
 The style of architecture exhibited in Design No. 1. is that which may be characterized as 
 the late Tudor, or rather early Jacobean, of which several very good examples still exist in many 
 parts of the country. It is a style adaptable, perhaps, in a greater degree, or more readily, than the 
 earlier phase of the Tudor to modern ideas and requirements, and has the advantage of offering 
 opportunity for the display of architectural expression at less cost, since the admission of the 
 arched form in door-heads and other voids is not necessarily called for, but on the contrary the 
 square-headed opening is a main feature in the majority of instances. In general outline, however, 
 there is close affinity to the older style, and the peaked and parapetted gables, projecting bays, 
 external chimneys, and other similar features of the latter are still retained; an equally pleasing 
 and like picturesque effect being the result. 
 
 As to the material best suited to convey the character here intended to be represented, it 
 may be remarked that in Gloucestershire and Worcestershire some of the most pleasing evidences 
 of the style exhibit a stone construction; to be accounted for by the prevalence in these situations 
 of this material. Under the same circumstances such material should be preferred, and it might 
 be applied either as rubble or random-coursed stone, with wrought stone quoinings, or as a 
 wrought stone facing throughout. 
 
 Where brick might be the readier material, such would be perfectly admissable, the 
 window and door dressings, quoinings, &c. being of stone. There is a very fine example of a 
 brick house of this style not far from Harking, in Essex, which establishes a full authority for the 
 introduction of this latter material where such might be the most available one with which to 
 build. In the case of the adoption of brick, the roofing should be tile. In the case of a stone 
 construction, a roof covering, such as is very prevalent in Sussex, might be adopted, probably 
 with more advantage to the architectural appearance. 
 
 In the perspective views given in Plate 3, adopting respectively the one and the other 
 material, it will be seen that brick is shewn as employed in Design No. 1, while in that of No. 2 
 stone-rubble constitutes the constructive material of the walling, with free stone for the windows, 
 doors, and other features of the like sort. Dealing with the French character and peculiarities 
 exhibited in this latter design the stone construction may, perhaps, be considered the most 
 legitimate, and for this reason has been here 'adopted. 
 
 It will be unnecessary to more than thus far observe on this design as so shewn, seeing 
 that the view will convey sufficiently the principal points of the idea. As to the nature of the 
 detail which should be followed in the component parts, such may be safely derived from the 
 plates of French detail which illustrate the other designs of this character already given. In the 
 same manner it will be also unnecessary to refer to or describe to a greater extent the perspectives 
 of Designs, Nos. 3 and 4, which form the subjects of Plate 4. The observations as to choice of 
 
 Villas , ' 21 
 
A PAIR OF DOUBLE DETACHED VILLAS —ELIZABETHAN STYLE. 
 
 83 
 
 DESIGN No. 27. 
 
 A PAIR OF DOUBLE DETACHED VILLAS. — 
 ELIZABETHAN STYLE. 
 
 (Plates 1 and 2.) 
 
 To meet a demand which occasionally arises, this design exhibits an arrangement of 
 building which if separated or not conjoined, would constitute the usual semi-detached 
 form of Villas. Where a limited frontage exists or economy in the use of such is an object, 
 this method would give, in a measure, the same appearance as that produced by the more 
 commonly employed plan of two connected houses; and in the case of the terraced character 
 being desired, two or more blocks of houses according to this arrangement would sufficiently 
 represent the intention, and keep at 'the same time such an amount of detached character as 
 would remove them for entire opposition to the Villa style, which should be retained, and is for 
 the most part required in suburban localities. 
 
 In the plans which form Plate 1 of this design, the four houses are given in their full con- 
 nexion the one with the other. In the elevation which forms Plate 2, one half of the block of 
 four, that is to say, the principal fronts of two of the houses only is shewn, viz.: those occupying 
 the right hand of the plan, the point of division between these and the two which occupy the left 
 of the plan, being indicated by a small arched recess in the situation of the party wall between 
 the two centre houses. An exact similitude being intended elevationally with regard to each 
 two houses, it has been considered unnecessary to reproduce the left hand pair, by which the 
 opportunity for an increased scale of representation is afforded, at, of course, an advantage 
 worth attention. 
 
 Recurring to the plans it is to be noticed that the same exhibit severally the arrangements 
 of the Basement, the Ground, and the One and Two pair stories of each house, in the following 
 manner. Of those on the left of the plate the lower represents the Basement stories, respectively of 
 the end houses and of those forming the central ones. Of those on the right of the plate, the 
 lower shew the ground stories of such houses; and in like manner the upper plans represent the 
 One pair and Two pair floors in each case. 
 
 The accommodation provided in the several stories, following the mode of description 
 hithertho adopted, is as follows, viz.: 
 
 21 
 
g4 A PAIS OF DOUBLE DETACHED VILLAS. 
 
 In the BASEMENT of each house, 7 it. 0 in. high, there is: 
 
 a a Servants' Entrance, with steps down thereto from the fore-court, or Ground level. 
 b b Kitchen 14 ft. 6 in. by 13 ft. 0 in., with dresser and closets by side of ditto and by 
 the fireplace. 
 
 c e Scullery 1 I ft. 6 in. by 11 ft. 6 in., with Copper and Sink. 
 d d Pantry or Larder. 
 e e Passage and stairs up to Ground story. 
 
 // Servants' Water-closet, with, in the case of the central houses, steps up to the back 
 garden and a back entrance therefrom. In the case of the end houses the entrance 
 a answers for both front and back access. 
 
 g g Coal-cellars under front steps. 
 
 On the GROUND STORY, 11 ft. 0 in. high, there is in each house: 
 
 h h Front Entrance and steps. 
 
 h x h* Hall and staircase to upper stories. 
 
 i i Withdrawing room 15 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 0 in., with, in the case of the end houses, 
 a semi-circular projecting bow, corbelled out from the pier between the windows of 
 kitchen below. 
 k k Dining room 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in. 
 / / Back Entrance and steps down to the Garden. 
 m m Water-closets. 
 
 The ONE PAIR STORY 9 ft. G in. high, contains: 
 n 11 Landing and stairs to Two pair floor. 
 
 o o Front, or Best, Bed-room 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. G in., exclusive of the area of the 
 bow-windows given to each front room on this story, in the one case square, in 
 the other semi-circular. 
 
 q q Small Dressing-room, or if desired, Water-closet for the Chamber floor. 
 
 On the TWO PAIR or ATTIC STORY, 7 ft. in height to the Collar, is comprized:- 
 r r Landing of the Staircase. 
 \ s s Front Bed-room, of the same size as regards floor space in each case as those on 
 the story below. 
 / t Back Bed-room ditto, ditto, ditto. 
 u u Housemaids'-closet on the Landings. 
 v v Large closet for China or Linen. 
 
 On the elevational treatment only a few observations will have to be made. The end 
 houses, as will be seen, differ from the two which form the centre of the composition by having 
 
A 1'AIK OF Dol lil.K DKTACHKD VILLAS. 
 
 s;, 
 
 a semi-circular bow which is continued, in these instances, the whole height of the Ground and 
 One pair stories; a square bow window issuing from the level of the One pair; and confined to 
 this story, being the feature adopted in the first mentioned; leaving the Dining rooms lighted 
 each by two semi-circular headed windows placed on either side of a central projection, carried 
 up from the plinth of the Basement as an assisting support to the Bay of the One pair. These 
 windows, as well as all the others in the elevation, are shewn on the plate as glazed in quarries 
 after the old fashion, but there could be offered no valid objection to the substitution for this 
 more ancient form of glazing, of plate glass in large squares, which would accord better with 
 present acquirements and the capabilities of modern production as regards such material for the 
 purpose. The difference in the treatment of the bow-windows above mentioned constitutes the 
 chief point to be noticed. In other respects the four houses are nearly alike. The mode of access 
 to, and the situation of the entrance to the Basement being slightly varied. In the centre houses 
 the latter appears directly in the front, and is approached by steps descending by the side of 
 those which ascend from the Ground level to that of the front or Principal Entrance to the ground 
 floor. In the end houses the similarly provided Servants' entrances are reached from the side. 
 In both cases the sunken area in front of the Basement is screened and protected by a pierced 
 parapet, and the same kind of protection is applied to the areas formed in front of the back 
 windows at this level. 
 
 In the plate the material indicated for the elevations is white brick, with stone for the 
 bay-windows, doors, and window-dressings, cornices, and parapet, &c.; to accord with which 
 green Westmoreland slate is adopted for the roof covering. Red brick, however, — in which case 
 the tiled roof should properly take the place of slate — might be substituted for the white, 
 according as taste may direct. 
 
 vauu. 
 
 22 
 
£ft ' DESIGN FOR A PA1K OF SKMI-DETACHFI> VILLAS. 
 
 DESIGN No. 28^ 
 
 DESIGN FOR A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS. 
 
 This design is intended for a suburban locality, where ground is not so expensive as to 
 render it necessary to cramp the frontage. The elevation is drawn to a scale of twelve feet to 
 the inch, and plans of each story and of the roof are given to a scale of sixteen feet to the inch. 
 
 The materials are supposed to be brick with stone dressings, the front and flanks to be 
 faced with red bricks, the string-courses to be of best malms or Bath stone, the window and door 
 heads, window sills, corbels, caps and bases of columns, &c. to be of Bath stone; the columns of 
 grey polished granite, and the steps of Harehill stone. The two-light windows with their dividing 
 columns, and the columned doorways will give a pleasing appearance to the elevation when 
 executed. 
 
 The accommodation is as follows: — 
 
 The BASEMENT FLOOR, 9 ft. 0 in. in height, contains:— 
 a Entrance for tradesmen. 
 
 b Lobby and staircase to ground floor with closet and steps to coal-cellar beneath. 
 c Coal-cellar. 
 d Store-closet. 
 
 e Scullery 11 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 / Kitchen 11 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 6 in. 
 g Pantry 7 ft. 0 in. by 4 ft. 6 in., and 
 
 h Sitting room or breakfast room 15 ft. 6 in. by 11 ft. 6 in. 
 
 The GROUND FLOOR 11 ft. 0 in. in height, contains:— 
 a Entrance porch 6 ft. 0 in. by 5 ft. G in. 
 
 b Entrance hall 9 ft. 0 in. by 9 ft. 0 in. exclusive of lobby against porch. 
 
 c Passage 3 ft. 0 in. wide, leading to steps into garden h. 
 
 d Drawing room 17 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in. 
 
 e Dining room 15 ft. G in. by 11 ft. 6 in. 
 
 / Water-closet 6 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in., and 
 
 g Closet 6 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. 
 
Elevation. 
 
 A PAIR OF SEMI -DETACHED -VILLAS. (A) 
 
I 
 
DESIGN FOR A PAIR OF SEMJ-DETACIIED VILLAS. 87 
 
 The CHAMBER FLOOR, 9 ft. 6 in. in height, contains:— 
 a Landing. 
 
 b Bed-room 1 1 ft. 6 in. by 9 ft. (► in. 
 
 c Bed-room 1 2 ft. 6 in. by 1 1 ft. 6 in. 
 
 d Bed-room 1 5 ft. 6 in. by 1 1 ft. 6 in. 
 
 e Bed-room 1 1 ft. 6 in. by 9 ft. 0 in., and 
 
 / Water-closet 7 ft. G in. by 3 ft. 6 in. 
 The roof is to be slated, and to have ornamental metal cresting and finials, and Robinson's 
 patent slate hip-roll. 
 
 The estimated cost of each house is about #650. 
 
 22* 
 
88 
 
 DESHJN FOR A PAIR OK SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS. 
 
 DESIGN No. 29 a 
 
 DESIGN FOR A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS. 
 
 These Villas are double fronted, that is, they have a room on eaeh side of" the entrance, 
 and almost the whole of the accommodation is contained in two stories; they are therefore suitable 
 for the country, or at least for an outlying suburb. The style is Italian, the materials brick with 
 stone dressings, and the openings are all semi-circular, with plain archivolts and key-stones. The 
 central part of the building is recessed back about three feet on the upper floor, so as to leave 
 a balcony; the weight of the upper part of the front wall being borne by a bressuuimer. 
 
 The accommodation is as follows: — 
 
 The GROUND FLOOR, 11 ft. 0 in. high, contains:— 
 a Entrance Hall or passage 4 ft. 0 in. wide, with small recessed porch. 
 b Dining room 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 c Drawing room 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 d Breakfast room 13 ft. 0 in. by 12 i'r. 0 in. 
 e Staircase and garden entrance 16 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft. 6 hi. 
 / Kitchen 12 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 0 in. 
 tf Pantry 5 ft. b' in. by 4 ft. 0 in. 
 A flight of steps beneath the staircase leading to the upper floor, conducts to a small 
 
 BASEMENT, containing: — 
 h Scullery 11 ft. I) in. by 8 ft. 6 in. exclusive of lobby. 
 i Water-closet for servants' use 6 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. 
 j Cellar 12 ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. G in. 
 k Steps leading up to garden. 
 
 The CHAMBER or FIRST FLOOR, 10 ft. G in. high, contains: - 
 
 a Staircase and landing 16 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft. G in. 
 
 b Best Bed-room 1G ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 c Bed room 12 ft. 0 in. by 9 ft. 0 in. 
 
 d Bed-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. 
 
 e Bed-room 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 / and g Linen-closets over the entrance passage. 
 
 h Water-closet 5 ft. G in. by 4 ft. 0 in. 
 A plan of half the roof is given to a scale of thirty-two feet to an inch, the plans are drawn 
 to a scale of sixteen feet to an inch, and the elevations to one of twelve feet to an inch. 
 The estimated cost of each house is about £100. 
 
Elevation. 
 
 B AS E M E NT- PL AN . 
 
 APAIR OF SEMI -DETACHED -VILLAS. (B.) 
 
J 
 
A PAIR OF LABOURERS' COTTAGES. 
 
 89 
 
 DESIGN No. 28. 
 
 A PAIR OF LABOURERS' COTTAGKS. 
 
 (Plates 1 and 2.) 
 
 This is a design for a conjoined pair of Cottages suitable for the Agricultural or Farm 
 Cottar or Labourer, of the better class. Each comprizes five rooms, viz.: three on the Ground 
 floor anr 1 two above, with Pantrv, Fuel-house, and Privy, and small enclosed Yard. The archi- 
 tectural style adopted is that of the old English half-timbered, than which there is none, perhaps, 
 more suitable for buildings of this kind, or more picturesque. This in detailed arrangement, as 
 shewn in Plate 1. contains in each house as follows, viz.: 
 
 On the GROUND STORY, 8 ft. 0 in. high:- 
 A A Entrance-Porches of timber framed- work projected from and screening the front door. 
 B B Lobbies at foot of stairs to upper floor. 
 C C Bed-rooms, each 13 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 9 in. 
 
 D D Parlors, or Keeping rooms, in one case 15 ft. 9 in. by 11 ft. 9 in., and in the other 
 
 14 ft. 6 in. by 1 1 ft. 9 in., communicating with 
 E E Scullery 14 t'f. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in., having /'the oven, </ the Copper, and h the Sink. 
 / / Back entrances. 
 A" A' Pantries. 
 
 L L and M Wood and Coal-houses. 
 
 NN Privies. , 
 
 0 0 Enclosed Yards. 
 
 On the CHAMBER STORY, 7 ft. 6 in. high to the Collar, 
 P P Landings at head of stairs, with </ q Closets for stores. 
 
 R R Bed-rooms, respectively 13 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 9 in., and 15 ft. 9 in. by 11 ft. 9 in.. 
 
 with tt closets by side of the fireplaces. 
 S S Other Bed-rooms, respectively 15 ft. 9 in. by 11 ft. 9 in. and 13 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 
 9 in., with similar closets by the fireplaces. 
 Of the accommodation provided in the Ground plan it will be seen that the Sculleries E E, 
 together with all the out offices in the Yard, are constructed as low buildings, that is to say, 
 extend as to height no further than that of the rooms of the Ground story, being roofed in with 
 lean-to roofs at this level, as indicated on the One Pair plan. This gives the opportunity for a 
 
 Villas. 23 
 
90 
 
 A VA1H (IF LABOlKKliS (( ITTAOKS. 
 
 thorough ventilation oi' the Chambers where such may be desired, and confines the upstairs 
 provision simply to that which is generally required in such a description of building. 
 
 The Porches, it may be observed, are also low buildings, covered in like manner with 
 lean-to roofs. 
 
 As respects the elevational character, this, as before said and exhibited in Plate 2, is of 
 the old English half-timbered description; the upper story being of timber-frame placed on a 
 substructure of red brick. This substructure or lower story, may be with equal propriety of 
 stone, either random-coursed or rubble, where the produce of the locality may render the adoption 
 of either of these materials desirable as the more ready one. In the case of the use of rubble the 
 angles of the walling must be quoined with wrought stone, and the sets off and tablings of the angle 
 piers, if the latter are introduced, must be so also. The interstices of the framed-work forming 
 the upper story, ma)- be filled in and plastered in a rough-cast of lime and gravel, after the old 
 manner, or they may be filled in with brick, and either plastered on the outside between the 
 framing, or the brick left to shew itself. This latter mode, however, has not the authority of a 
 general ancient practice. 
 
 The chimneys should be of brick or of stone, according as the one or the other may be 
 employed in the lower story. The roofs may be covered either with tile or with Sussex slate. 
 Iron Casements glazed with quarry glass would be most appropriate for the windows. The Porch- 
 framing, as well as all the other timber work exposed to sight, should be wrought fair for varnish, 
 and should be of good clean deal, where the use of oak, according to the old fashion, may not be 
 adopted. 
 
NtoiiH Hooi l'Uii . 
 
 '.H'"Kuv of Semx Detacfiei) Villas Ualun. 
 
A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS— ITALIAN. 
 
 91 
 
 DESIGN No. 29. 
 
 A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS — ITALIAN. 
 
 This Design represents a pair of semi-detached Villas in the Italian style, intended for a 
 suburban situation, and suitable for two plots of ground of twenty-one feet frontage each. It has 
 been arranged with the view of meeting the great requirements of a suburban residence, viz: as 
 much accommodation as possible at a minimum expence, and covering but little ground. 
 
 The house, as shewn by the plate, consists of four stories, the porch is recessed and the 
 upper stories recede about three feet in the centre in order to obtain light and shade, while a 
 simple balustrade in front of the recess adds to the appearance of the whole. 
 
 The materials for the front may be white brick for all the flat portions, and red brick or 
 yellow malms for the arches, piers of the bay-windows, chimney-caps, bands, &c, &c. The string- 
 courses can be either of white brick or Bath stone. The keystones and heads of the windows in 
 the bays may be of Bath stone, the balustrade of terra cotta, and all steps, cills, &c, of York 
 stone, except the cills of the windows of second floor, which may be of brick in cement splayed. 
 
 The accommodation of the various stories is as follows: 
 
 The BASEMENT, 8 ft. 6 in. high, contains—: 
 a Kitchen, 13 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in., lighted by a window over the flat roof of the 
 
 scullery, and by large sash doors opening into ditto; 
 b scullery, 10 ft. 0 in. by 6 ft. 0 in. with sink and copper, and having a large skylight 
 
 in its zinc flat roof in order to admit more light to the kitchen, 
 c Pantry, 9 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. 
 
 d Servants' Water-closet, and a large closet under the stairs. 
 The dust-bin is in the area, at the spot marked e. 
 
 In the front there is a large Breakfast-room / 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in., with bay-window 
 and a Passage g 4 ft. 6 in. wide, which can, if thought necessary, be fitted up with cupboard for 
 china, &c, along the party wall. 
 
 The coal-cellar h is underneath the pavement, leading to the front door, and the areas, i 
 front and back, may be paved with rough York. 
 
 The GROUND FLOOR, 10 ft. 6 in. in height, contains:— 
 a Dining-room, 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. with bay-window projecting 3 ft. 0 in. 
 b Study or Library 13 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. communicating with the Dining room by 
 folding doors. 
 
 23* 
 
92 
 
 A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS— ITALIAN. 
 
 c hall 4 ft. 6 in. in width, and 
 d Water-closet. 
 
 The Servants' water-closet below is lighted by rough plateglass risers in the steps e, leading 
 down to the garden, and the passage leading to these steps breaks back about 1 ft. 6 in. in order 
 to afford space for hats and umbrellas, and a lavatory if required. 
 
 The FIRST FLOOR, 10 ft. 0 .in. high, contains: 
 a Drawing-room 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in., with recess opening into it 8 ft. 0 in. by 
 
 4 ft. 6 in., and 
 6 Bed-room 13 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 
 If three Sitting-rooms only are required by the family, the Breakfast-room can serve as 
 dining-room, the dining-room as drawing-room, and the room now called drawing-room will 
 become the best bed-room, and the recess communicating with it a dressing-room or bath-room. 
 
 The SECOND FLOOR, 8 ft. C in. high, contains:— 
 a and b Red-rooms of the same size as those beneath, and 
 c Dressing-room or Bath-room 8 ft. 0 in. by 4 ft. 6 in. 
 No Roof-plan is given, the construction of the roof being evident from the elevation and 
 chamber plan. The bays may be roofed with slate, either in slabs or ordinary roofing slate, the 
 top of the Water-closet and passage will be occupied by a large cistern, lined with lead, with a 
 wooden cover; the roof of the scullery will be a zinc flat, and the main roof of countess slates 
 with patent slate hips and ridges. 
 
 No detail drawings are given on account of the simplicity of the elevation. It is difficult 
 to give an exact estimate, on account of the varying value of material and labour but £ 1200 
 may be considered an approximation to the cost of the pair. 
 
3 
 
A PAIR OK SKM1-DETACI1K1) VILLAS— (iOTHIC. 
 
 03 
 
 DESIGN No. 30. 
 
 A PAIR OF SEMI.DETACHED VILLAS — GOTHIC. 
 
 (Plates 1 and 2.) 
 
 This design, in the Domestic Gothic style, represents a pair of small semi-detached Villas 
 suitable for a plot of ground at the junction of two streets in a suburban locality. The object of 
 the designer has been to obtain as much picturesqueness of outline and play of light and shade as 
 is possible in houses of so small a class. 
 
 The materials are supposed to be stock bricks, with quoins, sills and other dressings^ of 
 Bath stone, and the roof to be slated with Countess slates. 
 
 On Plate No. 1 are arranged the front elevation of the block, shewing the front of one 
 house and flank of the adjoining one, the basement plan, and plan of ground floor. 
 
 On Plate No. 2 will be seen the front elevation of house No. 1, the plan of the first floor, 
 and the roof plan. 
 
 The other elevation will be of the same description, but can be carried out in brick, if 
 cheapness be an object to the builder. 
 
 No detail drawings are given, as everything has been arranged with a view to simplicity 
 of form. 
 
 The cost of erecting the pair of houses at present prices, will be, at an approximate 
 estimate #1,100. 
 
 The accommodation is as follows: 
 
 No. 1 contains on the BASEMENT FLOOR, S ft. (3 in. in height: 
 a Kitchen 13 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 6 in. exclusive of bay. 
 b Scullery 8 ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 
 c Passage and staircase, 6 ft. in width with large closet under stairs. 
 (I Pantry 5 ft. 0 in. by 5 ft.. 0 in. 
 
 e Storeroom or China closet, communicating with breakfast room, 5 ft. 0 in. by 5 ft. 0 in. 
 f Breakfast room 15 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in. 
 
 g Coal-cellar 5 ft. <> in. by 4 ft. 0 in. with closet at side of steps of front entrance. 
 h Servants' water-closet under steps leading to garden. 
 i Steps leading to tradesman's entrance. 
 k Steps from area to garden. 
 
94 A PA I K OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS— GOTHIC. 
 
 No. 2 contains on the same floor: 
 a Kitchen 13 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in., and 
 b Scullery of the same size as in No. 1 . 
 
 c Passage and staircase, G ft. 0 in. wide, with pantry under stairs at </. 
 e Coal-cellar as in No. 1 . 
 
 / Breakfast room 14 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. 0 in. exclusive of bay two feet deep. 
 g Tradesman's entrance and steps leading thereto. 
 // Water- closet under steps to garden. 
 
 The GROUND FLOOR, 10 ft. 6 in. high, contains in No. I: 
 a Entrance Hall and staircase 13 ft. G in. by 6 ft. 0 in. 
 
 b Drawing Room, I ( .) ft. G in. by 13 ft. 0 in., exclusive of bay two feet deep. 
 c Dining Room 1 3 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 6 in., exclusive of bay. 
 d Lobby and garden entrance 4 ft. G in. w ide, with space for hats &c. 
 * e Water-closet 7 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. II in. 
 
 In No. 2: 
 
 a Porch and 
 
 b Hall 4 ft. (» in. in width. 
 
 c Staircase. 
 
 d Drawing Room 14 ft. 0 in. by 14 ft. exclusive of bay. 
 e Dining Room 13 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 6 in. exclusive of bay. 
 f Lobby and <j Water-closet as in No. 1 . 
 
 The FIRST FLOOR 10 ft. 0 in. high, contains in No. 1: 
 a and b Red Room 13 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 6 in. 
 
 c Bed Room or Dressing Room 9 ft. G in. by 7 ft. 6 in. 
 
 d Servants' Bed Room, entered from half space of stairs, S ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 e Closet for linen to 4 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. 
 f Landing and Staircase G ft, 0 in. wide. 
 
 In No. 2: 
 
 a and b Bed Rooms, the front one 14 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. G in., the back one 13 ft. by 12 ft. 6 in. 
 c Bed Room or Dressing Room 10 ft. 6 in. by 6 ft. G in. 
 d Servants' Bed Room, e, Linen-closet, and / Staircase, as in No. 1. 
 
Vm- of (Scmi-DrtadjoO WCae . 
 
A BLOCK or LAIMUKFKS' DWELLINGS FOK LKJUTY FAMILIES. 
 
 95 
 
 DESIGN No. 31. 
 
 A BLOCK OF LABOURERS' DWELLINGS FOR 
 
 EIGHTY FAMILIES. 
 
 (Bates 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.) 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 This design consists of four tiers of dwellings surrounding a large court-yard; the front 
 doors of the lowest tier open into the court, and those of the upper tiers open into continuous 
 balconies, which are approached by four staircases at 'the angles of the building. The roof is a 
 flat open space, capable of being used as a drying ground, and is approached by the four 
 staircases before mentioned. 
 
 Each dwelling contains four rooms, viz.: a sitting room with oven-grate, cup-board, and 
 dresser, two bed-rooms, with fire-places; and a scullery provided with copper and sink, hot 
 water from iron tanks on the roof heated by the heat of the flues, and cold water from the 
 cistern running round the parapet of the court-yard. 
 
 Each dwelling has a separate water-closet, and a moveable dust-bin which can be emptied 
 at pleasure into dust-holes provided on the ground floor underneath each staircase. 
 
 The building is to be constructed entirely of Portland cement concrete on the system 
 patented by Mr. Joseph Tall; the door and window frames are of iron, and the only parts of the 
 construction which are not fire-proof are the sashes, doors, and flooring of the sitting rooms and 
 bedrooms, together with the cup-boards, dressers, and water-closet seats, all of Avhich could be 
 burnt without injury to the stability of the building. 
 
 Circular flues or pipes are formed in the concrete to carry away the soil from the YVater- 
 Closets, each water-closet will have water laid on, and the rainwater from the roof will assist in 
 flushing the pipes. 
 
 The walls throughout the interior are covered with cement instead of paper; thus pro- 
 viding a washable surface at a small cost, since a very thin layer of cement is sufficient when 
 the walls are of concrete. 
 
 Other particulars with regard to the construction are given in the Sketch Specification 
 following, but before going farther, we think it advisable to say a few words about the economy 
 and strength of Portland cement concrete, and also to note a few of the advantages obtained by 
 building a number of dwellings in a block as here designed. 
 
 Portland cement concrete has often been used for the foundations of forts, and other 
 
 24' 
 
A BLOCK OF LABOURERS' DWELLINGS FOR EIOIITY FAMILIES. 
 
 similar massive buildings where strength was a principal object;, it has been repeatedly proved to 
 be far superior in that respect to the best brickwork, it needs a greater weight to crush it, is 
 free from the weakness of mortar-joints, and rings like metal when struck with a hammer. 
 
 To prove the strength of a material does not, however, bring it into general use. It was 
 not an easy thing to build thin high Avails of Portland Cement concrete until Mr. Joseph Tall 
 invented an apparatus consisting of a framework with moveable panels; by means of which the 
 whole of the walls of a house can be carried on at the same time, and the walls of an ordinary 
 house can be built in a week. 
 
 Mr. Tall has already erected many houses in this manner, and a number of nine-roomed 
 houses are now being built for the Emperor of France on the same system, in the Boulevard 
 Dauinesnil at Paris. 
 
 By building Labourers' Dwellings in a block, as shewn in this design, a great saving is 
 effected in the quantity of materials used, seeing that almost every wall becomes a party wall, 
 that every ceiling forms the floor of the dwellings above, and that four staircases and the 
 continuous balconies give access to every dwelling without any other staircases or passages. 
 
 There are in this design no shutters, skirtings, window or door linings, mouldings, or 
 decorative joinery of any kind; the space occupied by these excrescences adds several cubic feet 
 to each dwelling and the cemented surface which supersedes them affords no harbour for vermin 
 of any kind. 
 
 One cistern supplies the whole block, and since this cistern runs round the parapet of the 
 court-yard, every service-pipe from it can be made to serve eight dwellings with water: thus 
 greatly economizing the plumber's work. 
 
 In an ordinary cottage of, say ten pounds per annum, three pounds at least represents 
 the improved ground rent, but in a block similar to this we are describing, consisting of four 
 tiers of dwellings, the ground rent would at the most be represented by the sum of one pound 
 only for each dwelling; this alone would allow the accommodations of a ten pounds cottage to 
 be let for eight pounds and if the economical character of the materials and arrangements be taken 
 into consideration, it will be found that the smaller dwellings in this design could be let at a good 
 profit for five pounds ten shillings per annum; and the larger dwellings at the angles of the 
 buildings for nine pounds. 
 
 A careful estimate has proved that the block can be built for four thousand five hundred 
 pounds, exclusive of the cost of the site. 
 
 Plate No. is a plan of the FIRST FLOOR, containing twenty dwellings. 
 a a Sitting rooms 1 1 ft. 6 in. by 9 ft. 6 in. 
 b b Bed-rooms 11 ft. 6 in. by 6 ft. G in 
 c c Bed-rooms 1 1 ft. G in. by 9 ft. 0 in 
 (Id Sculleries 1 1 fr. G in. by 6 ft. 0 in. 
 
 tr 
 
j; 
 
Stuck B 3&Floor Stcw& B Roo f St/ieft B Cisterns 
 
 DETAILS OF CHIMNEY STACKS. 
 
 DESIGN for a BLOCK of LABOURERS' DWELLINGS. PL.N?5. 
 
A BLOCK OF LABOURERS' DWELLINGS FOR EIGHTY FAMILIES. 
 
 97 
 
 e e Water-closets. 
 
 // Staircases continuing from ground floor to roof. 
 g g Balcony giving access to front doors of dwellings. 
 
 The arrangement of the ground, second and third floors is similar to that of the first floor; 
 excepting small differences in the thickness of the walls. 
 
 Plate No. 2 is a plan of the roof, shewing the cistern, and the hot water tanks on the 
 chimney stacks. 
 
 Plate No. 3 contains elevations of two of the fronts of the Building, the other two fronts 
 are precisely similar. 
 
 Plate No. 4 contains two sections, one of which is through the court-yard, and shews 
 the several tiers of balconies with their supporting columns and corbels; the interior appearance 
 of the dwellings, and their elevation towards the court. 
 
 Plate No. 5 contains details of the chimney stacks at various heights, shewing the manner 
 in which the flues of the angle fireplaces are carried up in a mass of concrete 3 ft. 0 in. square; 
 and also the central ventilating flues, communicating with every room in the whole structure by 
 means of small zinc pipes built in the concrete. 
 
 Stack A terminates, as shewn in detail, in a smoke chamber communicating with the 
 outer air by one large circular flue enclosing an iron ventilating pipe. 
 
 Stack B differs from stack A chiefly in having a wrought iron tank three feet in height 
 fixed over the smoke-chamber; this tank is rilled from the cold water cistern on the parapet by 
 a common pump. Thus warm water is provided to every dwelling. 
 
 The flues are all 5 in. in diameter, which has been proved by experience to be sufficiently 
 large for a small fireplace, and the narrowness of the flue, by increasing the draught, prevents the 
 smoke from descending. 
 
 SKETCH SPECIFICATION. 
 The walls, floors, roofs, staircase, division walls, chimney stacks, balconies, columns, 
 corbels, and cisterns to be of Portland cement concrete built with the apparatus invented by 
 Mr. Tall. 
 
 The walls to be rendered throughout the interior with Scott's cement. 
 The dressings of the fronts to be of Portland cement. 
 
 The window and door frames to be of cast iron. The sashes to be 1 1 / 2 in. ovolo deal 
 sashes, hung with iron axle pullies, patent lines and iron weights, the weights to run in grooves 
 formed in the concrete behind the window frames. 
 
 The outer doors to be 2 in. bead-butt and square, with 3 ! / 2 in. butts, two eight in. bolts 
 and stock lock. 
 
 The inner doors to be l'/a in. square framed hung with 3 in. butts to woodbricks built 
 in the division walls. 
 
89 
 
 A BLOCK OF LABOURERS' DWELLINGS FOR EIGHTY FAMILIES. 
 
 The floors to sitting and bed-rooms to be 3 / 4 in. laid folding on concrete; a margin. 
 12 in. wide to be left without wooden floor. 
 
 The treads of staircases to be 3 in. York, the ballusters cast iron 3 /, in. diam. two to each 
 step; dual moulded handrail. 
 
 A railing of 3 ; t in. bars let into wrought iron fl.it bar to surround each balcony. 
 
 The chimney stacks to have smoke chamber, and to terminate eaeh in one large circular flue. 
 
 Wrought iron cisterns on roof where shewn, with pump for filling ditto from cold water 
 cistern, and piping to convey the water, heated by the smoke chamber underneath, to the 
 sculleries of the respec tive dwellings. 
 
 Cold water cistern round parapet of roof, with 4 in. cast iron main supply pipe; and 
 lead service pipes to Water-closet and sink of each dwelling. 
 
 Copper, oven grate, and two bed-room grates to each dwelling. 
 
 Ventilating flue in each chimney stack, communicating with every room in the building. 
 Rain water conveyed away by down pipes in the concrete which also serve for soil pipes 
 to the water-closets. 
 
 Roof flat and forming a continuous open space, to be used as a drying ground; to be 
 asphalted throughout and to be approached by staircases 3 ft. 9 in. wide. 
 
 A large dresser with pot board and three tiers of shelves, a dust-bin, and a cup-board to 
 be provided for each dwelling. 
 
 Sink of 6 in. York stone; hearth and mantel-shelves of the same material. 
 
 The mantel-shelves of ground, first and second floors to be formed by recessing the 
 chimney breasts as shewn in sections. 
 
 Drain pipes of glazed earthenware, small cesspool in centre of court, and pipe from the 
 same to main drain. 1 in. deal W. C. seat, risers, and bearers, earthenware basons with syphon 
 arms, and cock for water to flush the bason. 
 
 32 oz. sheet glass on ground floor, and 15 oz. ditto to all windows on first, second, and 
 third floors. 
 
 Three coats of oil colour to all wood, iron, and other works requiring painting. 
 
FUla iEtesxi) ence. 
 
/ 
 
A VILLA RESIDEN'CE. 
 
 99 
 
 DESIGN No. 32. 
 
 A VILLA RESIDENCE. 
 
 (2 Plates.) 
 
 The two following plates show the various plans and elevations of a small detached 
 Villa Residence in the Rustic English-Gothic Style, with barge-boards and finials, truncated 
 gables, ornamental slating, and casement windows. 
 
 The materials are supposed to be red brick with Bath stone dressings. 
 
 One plate shows the principal elevation No. 1 and the ground and chamber plans, by 
 which it will be seen that the accommodation is as follows. 
 
 The GROUND FLOOR, 10 ft. in height, contains: 
 Dining room 16 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. with recessed fireplace and arched recess at side 
 of ditto. 
 
 Drawing or sitting room 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. with recessed fireplace, large arched 
 
 recess, and bay 8 ft. wide and 2 ft. deep. 
 Pantry 5 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 6 in. opening into kitchen. 
 China Closet 3 ft. 6 in. square. 
 
 Staircase 6 ft. 0 in. in width by 14 ft. 0 in. in length. 
 
 Scullery 6 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. with requisite fittings and recessed fireplaces. 
 Entrance Hall or Passage 3 ft. 6 in. in width. 
 Lobby, and Water-closet communicating therewith. 
 There is a large Verandah or wooden porch at the entrance. 
 
 The CHAMBER FLOOR 9 ft. 3 in. in height, to the collars of the roof to which 
 
 it is ceiled, contains the following rooms: 
 Bed-room 16 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 Ditto 15 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 Ditto 12 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 6 in. 
 Servants' bed-room or dressing-room 14 ft. 0 in. by 6 ft. 0 in. with large recess. 
 Water-closet 7 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 6 in. 
 
 Bath-room 8 ft. 6 in. by 6 ft. 0 in. and Linen-closet upon landing. 
 
 On the other Plate is shown another of the principal elevations drawn to the same scale 
 as the former one, also the entrance elevation showing Verandah, drawn to the scale of the plans, 
 and the roof plan of the house. 
 
 The cost of this design at London prices will be seven hundred pounds, but with local 
 materials in the country it can be built for much less than the above sum. 
 
 25' 
 
too 
 
 TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
 DESIGN No. 33. 
 
 TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
 ( Two Plates.) 
 
 In this design for a block of three houses in the Italian Style the object has been to obtain 
 an effective elevation without any expensive breaks in the outline, the only ornament being that 
 of the black and red tiled panelling upon the corner-piers and that between the trusses of cornice, 
 the small hips breaking the roof line, and the form of the door and window-heads. The centre 
 house is much larger than those at the ends and has a room on each side of its entrance, the end 
 houses having a side entrance as shown on the plate. 
 
 A good situation for these houses would be a short cross-street. 
 
 The general materials of the walls will be stock bricks, the piers of yellow malms, the 
 string-course, window-heads and sills of Bath or any local stone. 
 
 On the one plate are shewn the principal elevation of the block, and also the plan of the 
 ground floor, 10 ft. 6 in. in height, by which it will be seen that the centre house contains the 
 following accommodation. 
 
 Dining room 14 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 
 Drawing room 14 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. with folding doors opening into Library. 
 Library 12 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft, 0 in. 
 
 Spare room or Bed-room 10 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 6 in. which can be made an ante-room to 
 
 the Dining room. 
 Hall 4 ft. 6 in. and Staircase G ft. wide. 
 
 Lobby with space for the hats and cloaks, water-closet and back entrance with steps 
 into garden. 
 
 On the CHAMBER FLOOR, 10 ft. 0 in. in height, four good bed-rooms can be obtained 
 and also a bath-room over the Hall. 
 
 Each of the end houses contains the following row on the GROUND FLOOR, which is of 
 the same height as in the centre house. 
 
 Entrance Hall and Staircase 13 ft. 0 in. by 6 ft, 0 in. 
 Drawing room 17 ft, 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 Drawing room 13 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft, 6 in. 
 
 Lobby with space for hats and cloaks, and garden entrance with steps. 
 
TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
 101 
 
 Upon the Chamber floor two large bed-rooms and one small one can be obtained. 
 The other Plate contains the side elevation of the block, showing the entrance front of 
 one of the houses, a section through the centre house on the line AB, and the plan of the base- 
 ment floor, 8 ft. in height. 
 
 The centre house contains the following rooms. 
 
 Breakfast room under the Drawing room and of the same size. 
 ( Ihina ( 'loset 4 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. communicating therewith. 
 Kitchen under Dining-room and of the same size with door into Scullery. 
 Scullery 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 Pantry 8 ft. 0 in. by 4 ft. 6 in. 
 Beer and wine cellar 8 ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. 6 in. 
 There is an ample paved area in front with Tradesman's Entrance and Coal-cellar beneath 
 the pavement of Principal Entrance. 
 
 The Hall and Staircase continue through the house as on the ground floor, but there is 
 space for the walls to be fitted up with cupboards, safes, shelves, &c, and there is a large store- 
 closet under the stairs. At the back there is a lobby and water-closet, a paved area and steps up 
 into garden. 
 
 Bach of the end houses contain on this floor the following accommodation: 
 
 Breakfast-room and kitchen, each of the same dimensions as the rooms over them. 
 Scullery 6 ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 Pantry with window under the stairs. 
 Coal-cellar beneath the steps of the front entrance. 
 It will be seen that a paved area is continued round the whole of the block in order to 
 ensure the complete dryness of the basement floor. 
 
 Although the rooms in these plans are here named Dining-room, Drawing-room, &c, of 
 course they could be used for different purposes, for example, in the small end houses, if the 
 accommodation on the bed-room floor were not sufficient, the room called the Dining-room might 
 be turned into a bed-room, and would still leave two large sitting rooms for the use of the family. 
 The total cost of the block will not exceed one thousand four hundred pounds, of which each 
 end house will cost four hundred, and the centre house about six hundred. 
 
 26 
 
102 
 
 DESIGN FOK A PAIK OF LIGHT KOOMkl) SKMl-DETACIIED VILLAS. 
 
 DESIGN No. 34. 
 
 DESIGN FOR A PAIR OF EIGHT ROOMED SEMI-DETACHED 
 
 VILLAS. (FIREPROOF.) 
 
 (Plates No. 1, 2, 3.) 
 
 These two Villas are supposed to be situated on a plot of ground on the side of a hill, 
 and advantage has been taken of the sloping ground to obtain a Terrace on the garden front. 
 
 On Plate No. 1 are given the elevation toward the street or road, and also a plan shewing 
 the ground floor of one house and the basement of the other. 
 
 By referring to the plan the accommodation will be found to be as follows. 
 
 On the BASEMENT FLOOR, 8 feet in height: 
 a Tradesman's entrance. 
 
 b Entrance Hall and Staircase, b ft. 0 in. wide. 
 
 c Corridor or Arcade, with steps down to Breakfast-room. 
 
 (I Breakfast-room 17 ft. S in. by 1 I ft. <» in., and 10 ft. in height, with French casement 
 
 opening into the garden. 
 e Kitchen 14 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in., lighted by two windows near the ceiling from the 
 
 Terrace over the Breakfast-rooin, as shewn at "« w in the section on Plate 3; and 
 
 also by three windows opening into the Corridor "c." 
 f Beer-cellar underneath the Staircase 9 ft. 6 in. by 6 ft. 0 in 
 g Scullery 12 ft. 0 in. by 8 ft. 0 in. 
 h Wine-cellar 6 ft. 0 in. by 4 ft. 0 in. 
 i China or Store-Closet b ft. 0 in. by !5 ft. (> in. 
 ; Pantry 6 ft. 0 in. by 4 ft. 0 in. 
 k Coal-cellar 6 ft. 0 in, by 2 ft. 0 in. 
 / Servants' Water-closet 5 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. 
 
 On the GROUND FLOOR, 10 ft. 0 in. high: — 
 a Principal Entrance with small recessed porch. 
 b Hall and Staircase 0 ft. 0 in. by tT ft. 8 in. 
 
 c Drawing room 17 ft. 8 in. by 12 ft. 0 in., with French casement giving access to the 
 Terrace *V." 
 
ELEVATION toward STREET. 
 
 HALF BASEMENT PLAN. HALF GROUND LPLAN. 
 
 ac ale ot I I I i feet 
 
 aw £Icah>zptaru for* <t£cl t, 
 
 A PAIR OF EIGHT-ROOMED SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS (FIREPROOF) PL.JT?!. 
 
ELEVATION OF GARDEN FRONT. 
 
 ««f r. ■ ■ . f . . . . y z z J ffeet. 
 
 A PAIR OP EIGHT-ROOMED SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS (EI REPROOF) PL.N9 2. 
 
DEMON FOB A PAIS OF BIGHT ROOMED SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS. 103 
 
 d Dining Room IT ft. 8 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 e Terrace over the Breakfast-room on Basement Floor. 
 At / are shewn the steps leading to the Tradesman's Entrance; and gg are two ventilating 
 Hues which communicate with every room by means of ornamental airbricks or valves fixed in 
 the chimney-breasts. 
 
 On Plate No. 2 arc shewn the Side or Entrance Elevation, and the Garden Front. The 
 manner in which the ground is terraced in order to obtain the arcade and other features of the 
 design is shown by the Side Elevation, where the long dotted line indicates the natural slope of 
 the ground, which is tilled in level as far as the retaining wall "a". 
 
 On the Elevation of the Garden Front arc seen the French casements giving access to the 
 Terrace over the Breakfast-room, and those which lead from the Breakfast-room into the Garden. 
 
 The archways in the retaining wall give access to the garden from the Tradesman's 
 Entrance on the Basement Floor. 
 
 Plate No. 3. contains a Section through the one house from front to back, showing the 
 arched concrete floors and flat roof, together with the lantern light over the staircase. 
 
 On this Plate are also given the Second Floor or Bed-room Plan of one house, and 
 the Hoof plan oi the other. 
 
 The Bed-room Floor is 9 ft. .*{ in. high, and the parapet surrounding the flat roof is three 
 feet high. 
 
 "a Best Bed-room 17 ft. S in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 b. c Bed-rooms 12 ft. 0 in. by 8 ft. 8 in. 
 
 (/ Lobby or Lavatory. 
 
 e Water-closet. 
 
 f Landing and Staircase. 
 gg Ventilating flues. 
 
 Ii Steps to flat roof, with lantern lights to light the staircase. 
 i Smoke Chamber. 
 
 The walls, floors, and roof of these houses are to be constructed of Portland Cement 
 concrete, and all stringcourses, corbels, and windowsills, garden and retaining walls &c, &c., to 
 be of the same material. The steps to front door are to have York Stone treads and risers on a 
 concrete arch, the staircase from basement to roof is to have rubbed York treads and risers on 
 a concrete core corbelled out from the cross walls, the hearths are to be of tooled York and the 
 fenders of concrete, as shewn on plan. The roof and top of lantern are to be covered with a 
 layer of asphalte. All window and door frames are to be of cast iron, the sashes and doors of 
 deal. The interior doors to be of deal, with deal-rebated jamb linings. 
 
 All architraves, skirtings, and decorative work to be of Parian cement. The walls and 
 ceilings to be plastered, and the former hung with paper of approved quality. The kitchen to 
 have a large dresser complete where shown, the copper to be set in concrete, the sink to be of 
 
 26 * 
 
104 
 
 DESIGN FOB A PAIS OK EHiHT KOOMEIJ SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS. 
 
 Portland cement, the shelves in pantry to be of 1 in. deal, the lower tier of slate, a concrete 
 cistern to be constructed over the upper water-closet, with lead piping to and from the same, the 
 floor throughout, except to the scullery and offices to be laid with 1 in. boarding; the glass in 
 breakfast-room, corridor and drawing-room windows to be best British plate, that in all other 
 windows 21 oz. flattened sheet, the basement windows in front of house to have strong iron guard 
 bars; the whole of the exterior to be 'covered with Portland or other approved cement, and all 
 woodwork and ironwork to have three good coats of paint. The ballusters and newel of the 
 staircase to be of iron, the handrail of Honduras mahogany. All flues to be circular, and to 
 terminate in a long, narrow, smoke-chamber, as shown at "e" on roof plan, Plate 3; this smoke- 
 chamber to communicate with the air by a flue 20 in. square placed between the lanterns on the 
 roofs of the respective houses. 
 
 The ventilating flues to be conducted through the smoke-chamber directly into the open 
 air by means of iron tubes 8 in. diameter; and it is confidently believed that from the proximity 
 to the smoke flues, and by passing through the smoke-chamber, sufficient heat will be obtained 
 to ensure the escape of the vitiated air from all the rooms. 
 
 The rainwater pipes to be formed in the concrete of the walls, and to aid in flushing the 
 soil pipes, which will also be in the concrete. 
 
 The balustrades of the Terrace to be cast in Portland cement, and the Terrace to be 
 asphalted. 
 
 The concrete ceilings are in all cases to be strengthened by means of slightly arched iron 
 bars crossing each room diagonally and bolted firmly together at their intersection, the ceilings 
 will thus be groined, and in appearance will be far superior to flat ceilings. Plaster cornices 
 where shown in section. 
 
 The cost of this pair of houses, with all fittings complete, and excluding the earthwork 
 of garden and retaining wall, will not, it is supposed, exceed seven hundred pounds. 
 
 The drawings are all to a scale of eight feet to an inch, this being a convenient scale for 
 a builder to work from. 
 
 If a Pair of Villas with the same accommodation in every respect as the Pair here described, 
 were to be built in the ordinary mode, viz.: of brickwork, with wooden floors and fittings, the 
 cost would be more than one thousand pounds. 
 
A DETACHED VILLA— RUSTIC ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 105 
 
 DESIGN No. 35. 
 
 A DETACHED VILLA— RUSTIC ITALIAN STYLE. 
 
 This picturesque little Italian Villa is intended to be erected in a suburban locality 
 some four or five miles out of town, where ground is not too expensive, so that it could stand 
 in at least an acre of garden and pleasure ground. The whole of the walls are supposed 
 to be built of Portland Cement concrete, plastered on the outside, but the floors, roof 
 windows, doors, &c. are to be of wood, as in ordinary buildings. The staircase from ground 
 floor to first floor is to be constructed of Portland stone spandril steps, and the floors of 
 the Porch and Scullery together with the steps, balconies and door-sills, are to be of York stone. 
 
 The accommodation is as follows: 
 
 On the GROUND FLOOR, 10 ft. in height: 
 
 A Porch 7 ft. square. 
 
 B Entrance Hall 16 ft. 0 in. by 6 ft. 0 in. 
 
 C Dining-room 14 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in. 
 
 D Drawing-room 14 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in. exclusive of bay 2 ft. deep. 
 /•„' Breakfast-room 13 ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 F Kitchen 13 ft. 6 in. by 1 1 ft, 0 in. 
 G Scullery 7 ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 
 H and / Two closets, each 6 ft. 9 in. by 2 ft, 6 in., one serving as Pantry, the other 
 as China-closet. 
 
 On the BEDROOM FLOOR, 9 ft. 6 in. high: - 
 A Bedroom 14 ft. 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in. 
 11 Bedroom 14 ft, 0 in. by 13 ft. 0 in. 
 C ditto 13 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 D Landing and Staircase 16 ft. 0 in. by 6 ft. 0 in. 
 E Bath-room 7 ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 F Dressing-room 7 ft. 0 in. by 7 ft. 0 in. 
 G Water-closet 6 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. 
 The cost of this Villa erected with the materials above specified, will not, it is believed, 
 exceed three hundred and ninety pounds. 
 
 Villas 
 
106 
 
 A I'AIK OF SKMI-DETACHED VILLAS. 
 
 DESIGN No. 36. 
 
 A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS. 
 
 Estimated Cost sir hundred and thirty pounds. 
 
 This plate contains front and side elevations, and plans of* the various floors of a pair of 
 semi-detached Villas of moderate size and inexpensive design, suitable for erection in a suburban 
 str. ct or road. The walls and division walls throughout are to be built of Portland Cement 
 Concrete, plastered on the outside, the red bands will be formed of red bricks built into the 
 concrete; the balconies and trusses beneath, the doorsteps and sills will be of York stone, and 
 the window heads and sills on the front and side elevations will be of Bath stone. The floors, 
 roof, windows, doors, and staircase will be constructed in the usual manner. 
 
 The accommodation of the various floors is as follows: — 
 
 On the BASEMENT FLOOR, 7 ft. 6 in. high:- 
 
 a Breakfast-room 16 ft. 0 in. by 1 (I ft. 0 in. 
 b Kitchen 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 
 c Scullery 12 ft. 0 in. by 5 ft. 8 in., partly beneath Staircase from Ground Floor. 
 d.d.d Closets serving as Pantry, China and Store-closets. 
 e Coal-cellar beneath the steps to front door. 
 / Steps leading to tradesman's entrance. 
 
 On the GROUND FLOOK 10 ft. 6 in. high: — 
 a Drawing-room 1 6 ft. 0 in. by 1 2 ft. 0 in. 
 b Dining-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 c Hall and Staircase 12 ft. 0 in. by 5 ft. 8 in. 
 d Water-closet with cistern over. 
 
 On the FIRST AND SECOND FLOORS, respectively 9 ft. 0 in. and 8 ft. 6 in. high:— 
 a Bed-room 16 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft II in. 
 h Bedroom 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. <> in. 
 c Staircase and Landing 12 ft. 0 in. by 5 ft. 8 in. 
 There is a closet "d" for linen, &c. on the landing of the second floor. 
 
I I 
 
 i L J 
 
 ***** 
 
 Side-Elevation 
 
 Yvon f Flevati on 
 
 Basement Plan. Ground Plan 
 
 First Floor Plan . Second Floor Plan 
 
 Scale- of-Pkzrts 
 
 to 5 o 
 
 i i i i i I 
 
 to 
 
 _L_ 
 
 20 
 
 I 
 
 30 feeL 
 
 L 1 1 1 1 
 
 1 2 L 
 
 A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED VILLAS 
 
SMALL TERRACE VILLAS. 
 
SMALL TKKRACK VILLAS. 
 
 107 
 
 DESIGN No. 37. 
 
 SMALL TERRACE VILLAS. 
 
 Estimated Cost of each House three hundred and twenty pounds. 
 
 These Houses, though designated Small Terrace Villas, are really much larger than they 
 appear at the first glance, inasmuch as they have additions containing two rooms, and also have 
 an attic in the roof. The materials are to be Portland Cement Concrete for the outer walls, 
 cross, division, and all other walls; window and door heads, carved capitals, string courses and 
 trusses of Bath Stone; balconies and steps of York Stone. All the remaining parts of the 
 construction, such as floors, roof, doors, windows, &c., will be built with the usual materials 
 and in the usual manner. 
 
 On the BASEMENT FLOOR, 8 ft. 9 in. high, the accommodation is as follows:— 
 
 ' a Breakfast-room 13 ft. 0 in. by 12 ft. 0 in., exclusive of bay-window. 
 // Kitchen 12 it. 0 in. by 1 I ft, 0 in. 
 c Scullery 10 ft. 0 in. by 8 ft. 0 in. 
 d Pantry, under staircase, about G ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. 
 e Store and China-closet 
 f Passage, 3 ft. 6 in. wide. 
 g Coal-cellar 7 ft. 0 in. by 4 it. <• in. 
 h Servants' Water-closet. 
 ii Areas and steps leading thereto. 
 
 The GROUND FLOOR, 10 ft. high, contains:— 
 
 a Drawing-room 13 ft. 0 in by 12 ft. 0 in., exclusive of bay 2 ft. 0 in. deep. 
 b Dining-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. <> in 
 
 c Hall and Staircase 3 ft. 6 in. wide where narrowest, 5 ft. 8 in. wide at the back of 
 the house. 
 
 d Conservatory at the back area 7 ft. 0 in. by 4 ft. 0 in. 
 
 e Lobby or Passage 3 ft wide. 
 
 f Lobby and Water-closet, each 3 ft. wide. 
 
 a Study or Servants' Bed-room 7 ft. <> in. by 8 ft. 0 in. 
 
 27 * 
 
108 
 
 SMALL TEHRACK VILLAS. 
 
 Fhe FIRST FLOOR, 9 ft. 6 in. high, contains:— 
 
 a Bed-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. 
 b Bed-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in. 
 e Dressing-room 8 ft. 6 in. by 5 ft 8 in. 
 (I Linen-closet in Landing. 
 e Landing and Staircase. 
 
 A narrow staircase leads to an attic in the roof, containing a bed-room about 12 ft. 0 in. 
 by 11 ft. 0 in., and also a large closet for lumber. 
 
Frorvt Eleu<xtiorLs. 
 
 Basem&it, Plasty. Ground Plasty. 
 
 Scale ofJzleutzteons. 
 '\ f ? '° 20 :u> r , 
 
 .SW &£oekuu,t<,r, Srch V*Surr r C' ' ' ' ' ' ' I ' I ^ 1 1 I 
 
 EIGHT -ROOMED TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
DESIGN FOR EIGHT-BOOMED TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
 109 
 
 DESIGN No. 38. 
 
 DESIGN FOR EIGHT-ROOMED TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
 Estimated Cost of each House, three hundred and fifty pounds. 
 
 The Elevation given on this Plate represents part of a Terrace of four -story houses, 
 containing two principal rooms on each floor, beside closets and offices. 
 
 The chief peculiarity of the design consists in the square bay-window with its two circular 
 headed lights divided by a stone entrance with carved cap and base. 
 
 The materials are supposed to be as follows: The outer and inner Avails throughout of 
 Portland Cement Concrete, plastered on the outside, the upper part of the bay-window, the heads 
 of the windows on the second floor and basement, the arches over the Front Entrance, and the 
 stringcourse of Bath Stone, the steps to Front Entrance, paving of areas, and the balconies of 
 York Stone, and all interior fittings and finishings, together with floors, roofs, doors, and windows 
 of the description and materials usually employed in houses of this class. 
 
 The accommodation of the various floors is as follows : 
 
 The BASEMENT FLOOR, 8 ft. 6 in. high, contains:— 
 a Breakfast-room 12 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. exclusive of bay-window. 
 b Kitchen 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 6 in., lighted from Scullery and above ditto. 
 c Scullery 10 ft. 6 in. by 5 ft. 6 in., and seven feet high. 
 d Pantry 5 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. 
 e China or Store-closet 4 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. 
 / Passage 3 ft. 6 in. wide. 
 •/ Coal-cellar. 
 h Dust-bin. 
 
 The GROUND FLOOR, 10 ft. 0 in. high, contains:— 
 a Dining-room 12 ft, 6 in. by 12 ft, 0 in., exclusive of bay-window 6 ft. 6 in. by 2 ft. 0 in. 
 b Study 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 6 in., communicating with dining-room by means of 
 
 folding doors. 
 c Hall and Staircase 6 ft. wide. 
 d Water-closet. 
 e Steps to Garden 
 
 f Recessed Porch and steps to Front Entrance. 
 
 Villas. 28 
 
DESIGN FOR EIGHT ROOMED TERRACE IIOI SES. 
 
 The FIRST FLOOR, 9 ft. G in. high, contains: 
 a Drawing-room 1G ft. G in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 b Bed-room 12 ft, 0 in. by 10 ft. 6 in. 
 c Landing and Staircase 12 ft. 0 in. by 6 ft. 0 in. 
 d Water-closet 5 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in. entered from 
 e Lobby 5 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft 0 in. 
 
 The SECOND FLOOR, 8 ft, 0 in. high, contains 
 a Best Bed-room 16 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 0 in. 
 b Bed-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 6 ft, 0 in. 
 c Staircase and Landing. 
 d Linen-closet. 
 
Front Elevation. 
 
A BLOCK OF FOLK LABOURERS' COTTAOES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 DESIGN No. 39. 
 
 A BLOCK OF FOUR LABOURERS' COTTAGES. 
 
 These cottages are of the smallest and cheapest description possible, and will not, it is 
 calculated, exceed in cost the sum of one hundred and sixty pounds, or forty pounds each. The 
 materials are supposed to be Portland Cement Concrete for the walls and American pine for the 
 roof, floors, doors, window-frames, &c. The roof is to be covered with rough slates and the 
 windows glazed with ordinary crown glass of the third quality. 
 
 The accommodation consists of the following rooms and conveniences. 
 
 On the GROUND FLOOK: 
 a Living-room 9 ft. 8 in. by 9 ft. 0 in. provided with an oven grate. 
 b Wash-house or Scullery 7 ft. 8 in. by 7 ft. 4 in. furnished with a small copper, and 
 
 also with a sink of Portland Cement, 
 c Staircase, with closet or pantry beneath. 
 
 On the CHAMBER FLOOR: 
 d Bed-room 9 ft. 8 in. by 9 ft. 0 in. 
 e Bed-room 7 ft. 8 in. by 7 ft. 4 in. 
 The Bed-rooms have each a small register grate. Each house has a separate Water-closet 
 shewn at / on the Ground Plan. 
 
 The height of the rooms, and the construction of the roof are shewn on the section. 
 These Cottages could be profitably let at Is. 9(/. per week, and would therefore be within 
 the reach of the poorest farm labourer. 
 
 28 
 
DESIGN FOR SMALL TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
SMALL TERRACE H008E8. 
 
 DESIGN No. 41. 
 
 SMALL TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
 Estimated Cod of each House, tiro hundred pounds. 
 
 These Houses are supposed to have a flat roof, the walls throughout, with the roof and 
 floors, arc to be of Portland Cement Concrete, the staircase, doors, windows, &c., of the usual 
 description of European fir, the roof of the outhouses of fir, and the hearths and doorsills of 
 York stone. 
 
 The whole of the Front Elevation is to be stuccoed, and the windowheads to be of 
 Portland Cement. 
 
 The accommodation on the GROUND FLOOR, 9 ft. 0 in. high, is as follows: — 
 a Sitting-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 6 in. 
 b Kitchen 1 1 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 c Entrance Passage and Staircase. 
 d Closet under Staircase. 
 e Pantry. 
 
 / Scullery 8 ft. 0 in. by 6 ft. 0 in., with copper and sink. 
 g Water-closet. 
 
 The FIRST FLOOR, S ft. 6 in. high, contains:— 
 a Sitting-room or Drawing-room 16 ft. 0 in. by 1 1 ft. 6 in. 
 6 Bed-room 1 1 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 c Landing and Staircase. 
 
 The SECOND FLOOR, S ft. 0 in. high, contains:— 
 a Bed-room 16 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 6 in. 
 b Ditto 1 I ft. 6 in. by 10 ft 0 in. 
 c Landing and Staircase. 
 The staircase continues upwards to the roof, to which access is obtained by means of a 
 trapdoor, the flues are all circular, and are gathered into one large flue on the roof, and the rain 
 water pipes are formed in the concrete walls. 
 
 Small ornamental balconies of Cast Iron are provided to ^he front windows on the 
 First Floor. 
 
 Villa*. 
 
 29 
 
114 
 
 TKKRACE OF COTTACKS 
 
 DESIGN No. 42. 
 
 TERRACE OF COTTAGES. 
 
 Estimated Cost of the* Terrace, five hundred pounds. 
 
 The Plate contains a Front Elevation and Plans of a Design for the smallest class of 
 Terrace Houses, having six rooms only, including the Scullery. The Avails throughout are to be 
 of Portland Cement Concrete, the hearths and doorsills of York or Harehill Stone, the floors, 
 roofs, doors, windows, and staircase of Avood of the usual description and quality, the roof to be 
 covered with Countess slates, and the windows to be glazed with sheet glass. 
 
 ■ | 
 
 The GROUND FLOOR, 9 ft. (l in. in height, contains:— 
 
 a. a Sitting-room 14 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 6 in. in the end houses and 11 ft. 6 in. by 11 ft. 
 
 0 in. in the middle houses. 
 
 b. b Kitchen 11 ft. 0 in. by 9 ft. 6 in. in the end houses, and 10 ft. 0 in. by 9 ft. 6 in. in 
 
 the middle houses. 
 
 c. c Entrance Passage and Staircase. 
 
 (/. d Scullery 8 ft. 0 in. by fi ft. 6 in., with sink and copper. 
 e. e AVater-closet. 
 
 The CHAMBER FLOOR, 8 ft. 0 in. high, contains: — 
 
 a. a Bed-rooms 14 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 6 in. 
 
 b. b Ditto over the kitchens, and of the same dimensions. 
 
 c. c Ditto 8 ft. <> in. by 6 ft. 6 in. and 7 ft. in height. 
 (/. d Landing and Staircase. 
 
 These houses are suitable for mechanics, and could be profitably let at a rental of fifteen 
 pounds per annum, including the ground rent. 
 
Scale fo I , ■ . f , ■ . ■ f C 
 
 TERRACE OF COTTAGES. 
 
Front Elevation. 
 
 Scale 8 Peet lo an Inch. 
 
 (' lifunber Plait 
 
 At lie Plan. 
 
 Basement Plan. Ground Plan 
 
 Sccl Lc fo f i , | , f 
 
 ''''I 
 
 10 
 
 *0_ 
 
 SMALL TERRACE HOUSES 
 
SMALL TKKUACK Hol SKS. 
 
 115 
 
 DESIGN No. 43. 
 
 SMALL TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
 Estimated Cost of each House, t>co hundred and seventy pounds. 
 
 On this Plate are given the Front Elevation and Plans of the various floors of a small 
 Terrace Mouse containing six principal rooms, besides scullery, water-closet, attic bedroom and 
 sundry closets. The material of the walls is Portland Cement Concrete, the steps to the front 
 door, the hearths, doorsills, windowsills, and landings are of stone, the steps to basement are to 
 have stone treads and concrete risers; the roofs, floors, doors, windows, and staircase are to be of 
 wood, and all fittings to be of the quality and description usual in houses of this class. 
 
 The accommodation is as follows: — 
 
 On the BASEMENT, 7 ft. 9 in. in height: — 
 a Breakfast-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 1 I ft. 6 in., exclusive of bay-window. 
 b Kitchen 1 1 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 c Scullery 7 ft. 0 in. by 6 ft. 0 in. 
 d China-closet under the staircase. 
 e Pantry 3 ft. square. 
 f Water-closet. 
 g.g Passage. 
 h Dust-bin. 
 i.i Areas. 
 j Coal-cellar. 
 
 On the GROUND FLOOR, 10 ft. 3 in. in height: 
 a Drawing-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 0 in., exclusive of the bay-window. 
 b Dining-room 11 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 c Entrance Passage and Staircase. 
 d Water-closet. 
 
 On the FIRST FLOOR, 9 ft. 6 in. in height:— 
 a Bed-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 11 ft. 6 in. 
 b Ditto 11 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 0 in. 
 
 c Staircase, with small flight of stairs leading to the Attic Floor, which is lighted by a 
 skylight in the situation dotted on the plan, and contains a bed-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 9 ft. 6 in., 
 and a large closet for linen or lumber. 
 
in; 
 
 EIGHT HOOMED TEKUACE HOl'SES. 
 
 DESIGN No. 44. 
 
 EIGHT ROOMED TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
 These houses are designed for plots of land having a frontage of eighteen feet, and are 
 intended to be built in the form of a terrace of eight or ten houses, the end ones varied, if thought 
 advisable, by having the entrance at the side, so as to give the whole width of the house to the 
 front room. The materials are stock bricks, with facing of red bricks in front, the arches and 
 stringcourses are of malm bricks and the bay-windows, trusses, heads of windows in upper 
 story, &c, are of Bath stone or any other cheap freestone. The plan, as regards the principal 
 rooms, is that which must be adopted in all terrace houses with rooms on one side only of the 
 passage, but the waterclosets, pantry, &c, have been so placed as to obtain abundance of fresh 
 air and ventilation; the uncleanly method, often adopted by builders, of placing the pantry next 
 the water-closet, having been studiously avoided. 
 
 The accommodation on the BASEMENT FLOOR 8 ft. 6 in. in height, is as follows: — 
 a Breakfast-room 12 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. 0 in., exclusive of bay-window. 
 b Kitchen 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 6 in., lighted by window above scullery roof and by a 
 
 glass folding door leading to scullery. 
 c Scullery with sink and copper. 
 d Pantry. 
 e China-closet. 
 / Hall or Passage. 
 (j Coal-cellar. 
 h Dust bin. 
 
 The GROUND FLOOR, 10 ft. 0 in. in height, contains:— 
 a Drawing-room 12 ft. 6 in. bv 12 ft. 0 in., exclusive of bay. 
 
 b Dining-room 10 ft <i in. by 12 ft. 0 in. communicating with drawing room by 
 
 folding door. 
 C Hall or passage. 
 d Water-closet. 
 e Steps unto garden. 
 / Ditto to front entrance. 
 
Front. Elevation. 
 
 Basement Plan. Ground Plan 
 
 Shaw &.Zecten?t<7ns.Jrch. **Susv K s . 
 
 EIGHT ROOMKI) TERRACE HOUSES. 
 
DESIGN FOU EIGHT-ROOMED TKRRACE HOUSES. 
 
 On the FIRST FLOOR, 8 ft, 6 in. high, contains: - 
 <t Best bed-room, which can be used as a drawing-room 17 ft. 3 in. by 12 It. 0 in. 
 h Bed-room 12 ft. 0 in. by 10 ft. 9 in. 
 <• Landing and Staircase. 
 </ Water-closet. 
 
 e Lobby with lavatory in angle. 
 
 The SECOND FLOOR, 7 ft. 9 in. high, contains;— 
 a and b Bed-rooms of the same size as those on first floor. 
 C Landing. 
 (/ Linen-closet. 
 
 The character of the elevation is given by the square bay-windows, with circular-headcc 
 apertures divided by small columns, and by the recessed doorways surrounded by arches o 
 moulded brick. 
 
 Villa*. 
 
 30 
 
GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 
 
 3 3125 01377 8986