PANORAMA ROYAL, 
 
 LEICESTER SQUARE. 
 
 NOW ON VIEW, IN THE LARGE CIRCLE THE 
 
 CITY OF CONSTANTINOPLE, 
 
 WITH ITS 
 
 EUROPEAN AND ASIATIC SUBURBS, 
 
 AND A 
 
 GREAT EXTENT OF SURROUNDING COUNTRY. 
 
 IN THE UPPER CIRCLE, 
 
 THE BATTLE OF SOBRAON, 
 
 AND 
 
 DEFEAT OF THE SIKH ARMY OF THE PUNJAB. 
 
 AND, IN THE LESSER CIRCLE, 
 
 A VIEW OF ATHENS 
 
 AND THE SURROUNDING COUNTRY. 
 
 OPEN FROM TEN TILL DUSK 
 
 G. NICHOLS, PRINTER, EARL’S COURT, SOHO. 
 
 r, 
 
ADVERTISEMENT SHEET. 
 
 Panorama Royal, 
 
 Leicester Square. 
 
 All communications respecting Advertisements to be addressed to 
 
 Mr. Osborne, 7, Little Abingdon Street, Westminster, 
 
 OR AT THE PANORAMA ROYAL, LEICESTER SQUARE. 
 
 NICOLL’S PALETOT OF LLAMA CLOTH, 
 
 REGISTERED 6 & 7 VIC. CAP. 65. 
 
 PATRONIZED BY THE PRINCE CONSORT, PRINCE GEORGE 
 
 Or CAMBRIDGE, Ac. 
 
 “ In its appearance there is a gentlemanly neatness, and an absence of all unsightly 
 vulgarity. It has met with the highest approbation in the Court circle .”—(See the 
 Morning Post.) 
 
 This invention is an Over-Coat, adapted for a variable climate, composed of the purest 
 Llama Wool. The fleece of this singular animal is naturally repellent of water, yet is 
 amply porous to admit of a due escape of bodily heat, and is allowed to be lighter, softer, 
 more durable, and more elastic than any other description of cloth. REGISTERED 
 PALETOTS of this fabric, in colors Black, Blue, Brown, Olive, Oxford Grey, &c. are to be 
 had of their recognised agents in the country; and in London, only at the extensive ware- 
 rooms of the Patentees, who are Tailors to the Court, and Makers of the most Fashionable 
 Plain Dress Garments, with 
 
 FOREIGN AND BRITISH DIPLOMATIC AND REGIMENTAL UNIFORMS. 
 
 In these the same spirit for moderate prices is maintained, as exemplified by the 
 REGISTERED PALETOT. The patronage so generally bestowed on this patented 
 invention, has induced some unprincipled persons to attempt the fraudulent imposition 
 of assuming a similarity of name, being an attempt to deceive the public with some 
 trashy substitute; a reward of £50. is offered for the actual detection of an infringement. 
 Messrs. NICOLL think it due to their own reputation thus respectfully to caution the 
 public, and to request a close observance of the address, and that each 
 
 REGISTERED PALETOT 
 
 IS DISTINCTLY MARKED ON THE INSIDE, 
 
 H. J. & D. NICOLL, 
 
 114, REGENT STREET, LONDON. 
 
 A LITTLE ADDITION TO COMFORT. 
 
 In walking, riding, and hunting, almost every man who wears drawers is bothered 
 to keep them in the right place. THE NEW COMPRIMO BRACE, (Reg. Act 6 & 
 7 Vic.) supports at once both drawers and trousers. This simple contrivance keeps the 
 drawers well up in their place, which is essential to the well fitting of the trousers 
 and comfort of the wearer. Prices 2s., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d , and 10s. 6d. A great 
 variety at the warehouse of the Inventor, HENRY POWELL, 102, NEW BOND- 
 STREET, where can be seen a large assortment of the. Registered TEMPLER CAPS, 
 for sleeping, travelling, or soiree, the immense sale of which is the strongest proof 
 of the comfort they afford to the many thousands who have tested them. Night Caps, 
 Is. to 4s. Travelling-caps, 5s. 6d. to 18s. Either sent to any part of the kingdom for 
 post office orders with 3d. added to the price of each. 
 
 3 
 
UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF ROYALTY 
 
 THE AUTHORITY OF THE FACULTY. 
 
 ir#,/# Nsffii 
 
 KEATING’S COUGH LOZENGES. 
 
 A remedy for all disorders of the Pulmonary Organs —in Difficulty of Breathing—in 
 Redundancy of Phlegm—in Incipient Consumption (of which Cough is the most 
 positive indication) they are of unerring efficacy. In Asthma, and in Winter Cough, 
 they have been never known to fail. 
 
 Keating’s Cough Lozenges are free from every deleterious ingredient; they 
 may, therefore, be taken at all times, by the most delicate female and by the youngest 
 
 child; while the Public Speaker and the Professional Singer will find them 
 invaluable in allaying the hoarseness and irritation incidental to vocal exertion, and 
 consequently a powerful auxiliary in the production of melodious enunciation. 
 
 Prepared and sold in Boxes, Is. 154d., and Tins, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6c'., and 10s. 6d. each, 
 by THOMAS KEATING, Chemist, &c., 79, St. Paul’s Church Yard, London. 
 
 Sold by Sanger, 150, and Dietrichsen and Han nay, 63, Oxford Street; Blake, 
 Sandford and Blake, 47, Piccadilly. 
 
 Sold Retail by all Druggists and Patent Medicine Vendors in the Kingdom. 
 
 These Lozenges contain neither Opium, nor any preparation of that Drug. 
 
 T E S T I rnr C HI A L 5 . 
 
 Dear Sir,—H aving been for a considerable time during the winter afflicted with a violent cough, 
 particularly at laying down in bed, which continued for several hours incessantly, and after trying 
 many medicines without the slightest effect, I was induced to try your Lozenges ; and by taking 
 about half a Box of them in less than twenty-four hours the Cough entirely left me, and I have been 
 perfectly free from it ever since. I am, dear Sir, your’s very respectfully, 
 
 9, Claremont Terrace, Penlonville, JAMES ELLIS, 
 
 Feb. 17, 1845. (Late Proprietor of the Chapter Coffee House, St. Paul’s.) 
 
 To Mb. Keating. 
 
 London, 68, Cheapside, Dec 3, 1845. 
 
 Dear Sir, —Having, for some years past, as the winter approached, been subject to a severe 
 Cough, my attention was lately called to your Cough Lozenges, and after taking two small boxes in 
 the course of the last three weeks, I have no hesitation in saying that, in my opinion, they are the 
 best remedy, and have given me more ease than anything I have ever met with 
 
 I am, dear Sir, your’s truly. 
 
 To Mr. Keating, 79, St. Paul’s Church Yard. (Signed) WILLIAM WHITE. 
 
 Sir, —I shall feel extremely obliged to you if you would send me a Tin of your most excellent 
 Lozenges, for having tried them, I find they are the best remedy for Cough that can possibly be had ; 
 this I can testify from experience, for I have been troubled with a most violent Cough fur many 
 years, and have tried many things, but without auy benefit, until I met with your Lozenges, and 
 they afforded me instant relief. 
 
 1, North Feltham Place, near Hounslotv. I remain, Sir, your’s truly, 
 
 Feb. 12, 1845. HENRY WOODERSON. 
 
 To Mr. Keating, St. Paul’s. 
 
 52, Old Compton Street, London, Dec. 31 st, 1844. 
 
 Dear Sir,— I cannot leave England without acknowledging the benefit I have received Irom your 
 invaluable COUGH LOZENGES. 
 
 Having been afflicted for the laat thirteen years with frequent and severe attacks of asthma and 
 short breath (particularly iu winter time), I sought, for three years, for a remedy at the most re 
 nowned Apothecaries’in London, but in vain—I could find no relief whatever; when fortunately I 
 met with your Establishment, 79, St. Paul’s Church Yard, and as soon as 1 made use of your incom¬ 
 parable Lozenges, the expectoration was dislodged without pain, and my breath became entirely free ; 
 and by taking only one or two at bed time, my sleep was never once disturbed during the whole night. 
 Therefore I am perfectly convinced that I owe my existence to your famous lozenges. 
 
 Many of my friends are now your customers, and the undersigned willingly add their names to this 
 certificate, in testimony of the benefit which they have derived from the use of your Lozenges 
 
 To Mr. Keating, I remain, dear Sir, your’s truly, 
 
 79, St. Paul’s. J. B. BLANC. 
 
 F. GRIFFITHS, 2, Wade’s Place, East India A. CAUSE, 267, Regent Street, Oxford Street. 
 
 Road, Poplar 
 J. STOCK, 37, Princes Street, Leicester Square 
 
 H. AULT, Gloster House, Upton Place, West Ham 
 M. SLOWMAN, 52, Old Compton Street 
 
 ALSO 
 
 KEATING’S NEWLY - INVENTED TOOTH BRUSH. 
 
 The peculiar construction of this Brush precludes the possibility of annoyance from 
 
 loose hairs. 
 
 KEATIHG, Chemist, &c., 79, St. Paul’s Church Yard. 
 
PATENTEE ALSO OF THE 
 
 SELF-ACTING 
 
 CARPETS, CABINET FURNITURE, & BEDDING 
 
 2H2Harerooms anti (Sallews, 
 
 14, LEICESTER SQUARE, 
 
 Two doors from the Panorama. 
 
 MESSRS. HAMPTON * RUSSELL, 
 
 Beg to invite the nobility,gentry, and public to their immense stock of Carpets, Cabinet 
 Furniture, Bedding, &c. &c.. The best Brussels Carpets at 3s. 6d. per yard; the 
 newest and best patterns, just out, only 3s. 9d. and 4s. per yard; second qualities, 
 2s. 4^., 2s. 9d., and 3s. per yard. Printed Druggets, yard and half wide, from Is. 
 to 2s. 9d. a yard. 
 
 Messrs. 11. & H. call particular attention to families furnishing, to inspect their 
 extensive stock of Cabinet Furniture and Bedding of every description, which can be 
 warranted sound, and made of the best materials. Bedding is another very essential 
 thing, which can be warranted quite pure, being manufactured under their own care. 
 Also all kinds of Silk and Worsted Damask, Silk Tabarets, Moreens, Furnitures, Dimi¬ 
 ties, Sheeting, Blankets, and every other article connected with the furnishing depart¬ 
 ment, good and cheap. 
 
 N.B.—H. & R. having just bought a large lot of Embroidered Bordered Muslins for 
 Drawing Room Curtains, a decided bargain; also,3jp splendid Axminster Hearth Rugs, 
 consigned by a manufacturer, to be sold at nearly one-half their value—all parties and 
 families furnishing will find it to their advantage to inspect the above stock previous 
 to giving their orders. 
 
 TWO DOORS FROM THE PANORAMA. 
 
 (£alnnft iElafcers, ©p&olstmrs, JFtatytv ISett fHercfjants. 
 
 PATENT ARCHIMEDEAN SCREW 
 
 EASY CHAIR, 
 
 Which, by turning the Handle on the 
 Elbow, becomes a COUCH or BED, 
 most valuable to 
 the Invalid. 
 
 MANUFACTORY, 
 
 33, GERRARD-St. SOHO. 
 
 CANES FOR RIDING, HUNTING, OR WALKING. 
 
 W. & J. SANGSTER, Manufacturers to H. R. H. Prince Albert, beg to call the 
 attention of the nobility and gentry to their extensive collections of the above articles, 
 which for style, quality, and cheapness, they flatter themselve* will be found equal, if 
 not superior, to any yet offered to their notice, either in London o. Paris. Ladies’ and 
 Gentlemen’s Riding Whips in great variety. Silver and Gold mounted, from 7s. 6d. 
 to five guineas each. 
 
 140, Regent Street; 94, Fleet Street; and 10, Royal Exchange; where their whole¬ 
 sale and shipping orders are received. 
 
 5 
 
HEAL&.SONS' LI ST OF BEDDING 
 
 Containing a full description of weights, sizes, and prices, by which purchasers are 
 enabled to judge the articles that are best suited to make a good set of bedding. Sent 
 free, by post, on application to their establishment, the largest in London, exclusively 
 for the manufacture of bedding (no bedsteads or other furniture being kept). 
 
 HEAL AND SON, FEATHER DRESSERS AND BEDDING MANUFACTURERS, 
 
 196, OPPOSITE THE CHAPEL, TOTTENHAM-COURT-ROAD. 
 
 GENUINE HAVANNAH CIGARS. 
 
 EDWIN WOOD, 69, KING WILLIAM STREET, CITY, begs to inform the 
 admirers of a first-rate Havannah Cigar, that they will find at this establishment the 
 largest and choicest assortment in London, selected with great care by an experienced 
 manufacturer in Havannah, and consigned direct to the advertiser. The Stock com¬ 
 prises the first qualities from the manufactories of Messrs. SILVA and CO.—Cabana, 
 Woodville, Norriega, La Unions, Regalia, &c.; some very superior Old Principes, 
 Government Manillas, and Planchadas; Bengal and Porto Rico Cheroots, with every 
 other description now in demand. A large and select stock is always kept in bond, 
 from which gentlemen going abroad can at all times make their own selection. Annexed 
 is a list of the present Prices for cash:—Genuine Havannahs, 18s.; Ditto Superior, 22s.; 
 Ditto the finest imported, 26s.; Ditto Old Principes, 24s.; Regalias, 18s.; Bengal Che¬ 
 roots, 12s.; Trabucos, 26s.; British Havannahs, 10s. to 16s.; Porto Rico Cheroots, 9s. 
 to 12s.; Chinsurah or Bengal, 9s. to 12s.; King’s, 28s. to 35s.; Queen’s, 28s. to 35s.; 
 The “Far-famed” Old Cubas, 12s. Wholesale, retail, and for exportation. A Post 
 Office Order is requested with country orders. Cigars shipped as stores free of every 
 expense. 100 cases in bond, from which gentlemen can make their own selection. 
 
 LAMP GLASSES AND FRENCH SHADES, 
 
 For covering Ornaments, Clocks, &c. &c., of every sort and description; also Fish 
 Globes, Bee Glasses, Cake and Confection Shades, Horticultural Glasses, &c. &c. 
 R. COG AN, 48, Leicester square, London. 
 
 LAMP AND GAS GLASSES, 
 
 French Shades, and Confectioner’s Glasses, in every variety, at the lowest possible 
 prices. List of patterns may be had by applying to A. CLARK, 254, Oxford street, 
 near the Gloucester Coffee House. 
 
 CHEAP PAPER HANGINGS. 
 
 C . LEE 
 
 Returns his most sincere thanks to his Friends and the Public in general, for the kind 
 support he has received from them at all times, and begs to inform them that, having 
 taken very extensive premises, No. 13, ST. MARTIN’S COURT, LEICESTER 
 SQUARE, and No. 36, CRANBOURN STREET, he will be enabled to keep the 
 most extensive stock of any house in London, from the cheapest paper-hanging to the 
 most costly decoration. Entrance in St. Martin’s Court, directly opposite his old shop 
 
 PANKLIBANON IRON WORKS, 
 
 AND GREAT WESTERN EMPORIUM 
 
 F OR STOVE GRATES, KITCHEN RANGES, FENDERS, and 
 
 FIRE IRONS; GENERAL FURNISHING IRONMONGERY in TINNED 
 COPPER, IRON and TIN COOKING VESSELS; BEST SHEFFIELD PLATE 
 and TABLE CUTLERY; IMPROVED PAPER AND IRON TRAYS, and TEA 
 URNS; BATHS OF ALL KINDS—THE SHOWER, HIP, VAPOR, &c.; 
 ORNAMENTAL IRON and WIRE WALL for LAWNS, CONSERVATORIES, 
 VERANDAHS, &c.; FLOWER STANDS, GARDEN ENGINES, &c. THE 
 LARGEST STOCK IN EUROPE. Every article is WARRANTED of the BEST 
 Manufacture, and marked in PLAIN FIGURES at the LOWEST PRICES for 
 CASH.—The PANKLIBANON IRON WORKS, ADJOINING THE ROYAL 
 BAZAAR, 58, BAKER STREET, PORTMAN SQUARE. 
 
 <5 
 
TION of a View of the BATTLE of SOBRAON, with the DEFEAT of the SIKH ARMY, now exhibiting at the PANORAMA, LEICESTER SQUARE 
 
 1 . 
 
 2 . 
 
 3. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 6 . 
 
 Outer Intrenchment of the Sikhs. 
 
 Part of Brigadier Major Cureton’s Division 
 Gutta. 
 
 Zumboorucks. 
 
 General Sir H. Smith’s Division. 
 
 A Chief. 
 
 7. Ghoolab Singh Koopta. 
 
 8. Sham Singh. 
 
 9. Heir Singh Topa. 
 
 10. Sirdar Kishen Singh. 
 
 11. Brigadier Campbell’s Division 
 
 12. Village of Nihalkee. 
 
 13. Chola Sobraon. 
 
 14. Village of Killee. 
 
 15. Village of Jillewilla. 
 
 16. Major-General Gilbert’s Division. 
 
 17. Sikh Guns. 
 
 18. Irregular Sikh Cavalry. 
 
 19. Rodeewalla. 
 
 20 . 
 
 21 . 
 
 22 
 
 23. 
 
 24. 
 
 Sikh Infantry. 
 
 Lord Gough and Staff. 
 
 Prince Waldemar of Prussia. 
 Ghoorkas. 
 
 Assya. 
 
 25. 43rd and 59th Native Infantry. 
 
 26. Lord Hardinge. 
 
 27. General Dick. 
 
 28. Fifth Brigade. 
 
 29. Seventh Brigade, 10th and 53rd Regiments 
 
 Brigadier Stacey. 
 
 30. Akalees. 
 
 31. Sixth Brigade, Brigadier Wilkinson 
 
 32. Lieutenant-Colonel White, C.B. 
 
 33. Sikh Village. 
 
 34. Third Dragoons. 
 
 35. British Artillery, Colonel Lane. 
 
 36. River Sutlej. 
 
 37. Sikh Battery and Encampment. 
 
 38. Ninth Lancers. 
 
 39. Fourth Bengal Light Cavalry. 
 
 40. Bridge across the Sutlej. 
 
 41. The Ford. 
 
 42. Flight of the 5ikh Army. 
 
 43. British Arti^ r y- 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2018 with funding from 
 Getty Research Institute 
 
 https://archive.org/details/descriptionofvie00burf_13 
 
PLAN OF THE ACTION. 
 
 [Scale 1% inch to a Mile.] 
 
 A—Troops in the Attack. 
 
 B—Ditto on the Defeat of the Enemy. 
 
 C—Enemy’s Bridge broken down. 
 
 D—Rear of the Enemy driven into the Deep Ford. 
 E—Exterior main line. 
 
 F—Second and third lines. 
 
 G—Fourth line. 
 
 H—Sikh Forces, 
 
 I—Batteries. 
 
 J—Sutlej River. 
 
 K—Sikh Vdlage. 
 
 No. 1—Gutta. 
 
 2—Chola Sobraon. 
 
 3 — Rodeewalla. 
 
 4 — Assya. 
 
 5 — Killee. 
 
 6 — Jillewilla. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF A VIEW OF 
 
 THE BATTLE OF 
 
 SOBRAON, 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 DEFEAT OF THE SIKH ARMY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PUNJAB, 
 
 NOW EXHIBITING AT 
 
 THE PANORAMA, LEICESTER SQUARE. 
 
 PAINTED BY THE PROPRIETOR, ROBERT BURFORD, 
 
 ASSISTED BY II . C. SELOUS. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED I'V GEO. NIC POLS, EARLS COURT, LEICESTER SQUARE. 
 
 1816 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE BATTLE OF SOBRAON. 
 
 The campaign of tlie Sutlej unquestionably ranks amongst the most 
 brilliant and complete achievements of modern warfare, and is eminently 
 calculated to exalt and add new lustre to the imperishable renown of 
 British arms. The four important victories that comprise this brief but 
 most eventful campaign, were won in less than eight weeks, on a line of 
 country fifty or sixty miles in length, under the most trying circumstances ; 
 and were all equally remarkable for the science, decision, and firm judg¬ 
 ment, displayed in the plans of the commanders; and for the determined 
 and able manner with which they were seconded, and fully carried into 
 effect, by the brave troops, both British and Native; who by their exem¬ 
 plary discipline, steady perseverance, and indomitable courage, gained 
 them against odds, and under circumstances that will render them 
 remarkable in the pages of Indian history. 
 
 The Battle of Sobraon, the fourth and decisive action, the subject of 
 the present Panorama, was one of the most memorable and signal victories 
 ever gained by our arms in the East; as the Governor General truly 
 writes, “ one of the most daring exploits ever achieved.” The enemy— 
 a great and warlike people, well organised, well equipped, used to the 
 stratageries of war, and possessed of military skill of no common order, 
 with an overwhelming superiority of force, with an immense advantage in 
 artillery, both in number and calibre, and intrenched behind strong and 
 extensive fortifications —was in the open day, by a series of rapid and 
 energetic operations, assaulted, stormed, and driven from his stronghold, 
 at the point of the bayonet—his pride humbled, his energies paralysed, 
 and his resources crippled—with a loss far exceeding that which the most 
 experienced officers had ever witnessed, indeed, almost unparalleled for 
 the numbers engaged. Thus a war of great moment was triumphantly 
 terminated with unexampled rapidity, and the powerful empire of the 
 Punjab, so carefully fostered and matured during the forty years, by 
 that great chieftain Runjeet Singh, humbled ; its reigning monarch being 
 compelled to seek protection for himself, and pardon for the offences of 
 his army, for their unjust and unprovoked invasion of the British terri¬ 
 tory, at the hands of the victors. 
 
 The Panorama is taken from an elevated position within the intrench- 
 ments, and consequently embraces every object of importance in the 
 eventful struggle, both within and without; some trifling liberty being 
 taken as regards time, the more effectually to combine the various points 
 of interest. On the left of the spectator, the left wing of the British, 
 being the 3rd division, led by its gallant and much lamented commander, 
 Major-General Sir R. Dick, have overcome the formidable obstacles 
 opposed to them, and carried the fortifications, on the summit of which 
 two standards have just been gallantly planted. The 7th brigade, under 
 Brigadier Stacey, are seen spreading out their ranks, collectively and 
 individually performing prodigies of valor, and driving the astonished 
 Sikhs before them in all directions; the 6th brigade, under Brigadier 
 Wilkinson, nobly and effectively seconding their efforts; supported in the 
 
4 
 
 most cool and intrepid manner by the 5th brigade, under Brigadier 
 Ashbumham. Towards the centre, the battle is raging with the most 
 awful fury; in the foreground, Her Majesty’s 3rd Dragoons and the 4th 
 Native Light Cavalry, under Sir. J. Thackwell, having in the most gallant 
 style entered the camp in single file, have partly formed, as well as the 
 broken ground would admit, and are charging the enemy’s cavalry, 
 sweeping on like a torrent, and bearing down every thing opposed to 
 them ; others are seen cutting down the brave Sikhs, who resolutely 
 stood to their guns, and slaying the infantry at their defences. A troop 
 of Her Majesty’s Horse Artillery, having taken an advantageous position, 
 are also spreading dismay in the dense masses of the enemy, by the 
 celerity and accuracy of their deadly fire. To the right is seen the 1st 
 division, under Major-General Sir H. Smith; the 1st and 2nd brigades, 
 under Brigadiers Hicks and Penny, having overcome every obstruction, 
 dashing through the front, charging right and left, and committing great 
 havoc. In the distance is the river, with the half sunken bridge, over 
 which countless masses are hurrying in complete disorder ; whilst at the 
 ford a little above, thousands are precipitating themselves into the water, 
 to escape, if possible, from the galling arid destructive fire poured upon 
 them by the British on all sides. And to the south, the 2nd division, 
 under Major-General Gilbert, with the reserves, having carried the centre, 
 are advancing with the utmost coolness and intrepidity, completing the 
 work of destruction. On all sides, the most determined bravery is con¬ 
 spicuous—hand to hand combats of the fiercest description —bold recontres 
 between horse and foot—and the desperate stand of individuals against 
 numbers —present scenes of the most imposing character, and of terrific 
 and absorbing interest. 
 
 The invasion of the Punjab by the Sikhs—the rise of Runjeet Singh— 
 his gradual aggrandisement of the whole territory — and his friendly 
 relations with the British Government, have been so often before the 
 public that it is unnecessary to notice them here. The lion of the 
 Punjab fell a victim to his debaucheries in June, 1839; and since that 
 period, four Maha Rajahs have been sacrificed to ambition and profligacy, 
 and the country has been one continual scene of confusion and bloodshed. 
 Kurruck Singh, his son and successor, a man of feeble intellect and 
 neglected education, was deposed by his own son, Noo Nehal Singh, and 
 shortly died by poison ; and the new Maha Rajah was killed by the fall of 
 a beam from the gateway of the palace—the elephant on which he rode 
 having been driven, purposely it is said, against the wall, by the multi¬ 
 tude assembled to obtain the money scattered on such occasions. The 
 crown was then offered by the sirdirs or chiefs to Shere Singh, another 
 son of Runjeet’s—whose legitimacy he however scarcely admitted—who 
 was opposed by the mother of his predecessor, and a powerful faction in 
 favor of his wife, a child eight years of age, who was affirmed to be 
 pregnant. This story was soon discovered to be a gross fabrication, 
 when Shere Singh invaded Lahore, and the Queen-Regent was strangled 
 by her female slaves. The success of the new Maha Rajah was mainly 
 owing to his bribing the army, who after his accession were clamorous in 
 their exactions—demanding increased pay, and the dismissal of all Euro¬ 
 pean officers, several of whom were assassinated, and most of the 
 remainder withdrew. For several months the greatest disorder prevailed, 
 
and Lahore became the scene of plunder and bloodshed; nor was quiet 
 restored until every poiut for which they mutinied was conceded—and from 
 henceforth the army was the real ruler of the government and country. 
 Shere Singh was favorably inclined towards the British, and it was during 
 his reign that General Pollock’s Caubul army passed unmolested through 
 the Punjab; his refusal to allow their rear to be cut off, together with a 
 report that he was seeking the protection of the Indian government, cost 
 him his life; he was shot through the heart by his own brother-in-law, 
 who also slew every member of the royal family, even to an infant born 
 the day before ; as well as the Rajah Dhyan Singh, the favorite minister 
 of Runjeet Singh, bv whose son he was very shortly after deposed and 
 killed. On the death of Ajeet Singh, 1844, it was determined to place 
 Dhuleep Singh, a reputed son of Runjeet’s, on the throne—a youth ten 
 years of age, who rules under the control of his mother. Since this time 
 the whole framework of society has fallen to pieces, and not a vestige of 
 stable government has remained ; the Ray nee or Queen Mother, a woman 
 of violent temper and most dissolute habits, has displayed an excess of 
 profligacy almost unparalleled; and the young Malia Rajah shows 
 symptoms of hopeless incapacity, which leaves him at the mercy of his 
 mother's many favorites. 
 
 These irregularities of the Sikh court compelled the Governor-General, 
 Sir Henry Hardinge, who arrived in India in the summer of 1844, and 
 who was most anxious to avoid collision with it, to provide for the security 
 of the most prominent forts on the frontier, Ferozepore and Loodiana, 
 which are nearly eighty miles apart, and to place such a force at 
 Umballa, 150 miles nearer the British boundary, as would defend it, 
 or any other part, as circumstances might render necessary. Sir Henry 
 also judged it prudent to visit the western provinces in person, and 
 confer on the spot with Sir Hugh Gough, the commander-in-chief, when 
 these arrangemnts were completed. 
 
 The Sikhs have long held a dominant notion, that they are the pre¬ 
 destined conquerors of the whole of India ; and an insane and unap¬ 
 peasable passion has infested the whole army for a war with the British, 
 which a host of false prophets, mostly Akalees, has increased by pre¬ 
 dicting unlimited success. Urged by these men—by the spirit of impla¬ 
 cable hate with which the troops regard the British, and by the hope 
 of immense plunder —the sirdirs or chiefs at last determined, notwith¬ 
 standing the apparent reluctance of the Queen, who was however glad, 
 at any saciifice, to be rid of an army that had become extortionate and 
 unmanageable, that hostilities should commence; the relief of the pro¬ 
 tected states being their avowed object. About the middle of November, 
 1845, a vast force was assembled, the command of which the Raynee’s 
 favorite paramour, Lall Singh, was compelled to take; and a plan of 
 operations was drawn up, which indicated no small knowledge of the art 
 of war on the part of those from whom it emanated. This great army, 
 about 70,000 strong, a great part of which was cavalry, supported by a 
 formidable artillery, appeared on the northern bank ol the Sutlej early 
 in December, in four divisions ; the first, under Sham Singh Attareewallah, 
 at Kussoor, opposite Ferozepore; the second, under Lall Singh, at 
 Hurreeke Goozur ; the third, led by a brother of Senar Sings, in front 
 of Roopoor; and the fourth, commanded by Tej Singh, opposite Loodiana. 
 
6 
 
 On the 11th of December, the first division commenced crossing the 
 river, by a bridge of boats, and a ford a few miles above Ferozepore, 
 with the avowed intention of attacking that place, in a time of profound 
 peace; an unprovoked aggression, equally unexpected as unjustifiable. 
 The brave little force of about 5,000 men, under Major-General Sir J. 
 Littler, who held it, maintained a firm attitude of defence, and the Sikhs 
 did not deem prudent to assault; but leaving a small force of observation, 
 the main body took up an intrenched position at Ferozeshah, about ten 
 miles in advance; from whence they threw forward a considerable por¬ 
 tion of their force, to intercept that collected by Sir Hugh Gough and 
 the Governor-General, then advancing bv forced marches from Umballa. 
 The British army, after a most fatiguing march of seven days across 150 
 miles of country, where neither provisions nor water were to be had, and 
 the roads heavy with sand, arrived a little past mid-day, after a march of 
 21 miles, at Moodkee, where they had just lighted fires to cook their meal, 
 when the approach of the enemy was discovered; at once they stood to 
 their arms, and again advanced about two miles, when they foundthem- 
 selves opposed to a Sikh force of 40,000 men with forty pieces of cannon, 
 commanded by the Sirdar Lall Singh, all fresh and anxious for the fight. 
 The British, including the force from Loodiana which had joined them at 
 Bussean, did not number more than 12,000, with a small park of light 
 artillery; but forgetting the disparity of numbers, physical exhaustion, 
 hunger and thirst, as well as the advanced period of the day, they dashed 
 at once at the foe, and by staunch and obstinate courage that nothing 
 could resist, but at the same time with great loss, completely routed the 
 enemy at the bayonet’s point, taking seventeen of their guns. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief was not in a position immediately to follow 
 up this brilliant opening of the campaign, so that Lall Sing was enabled 
 to fall back on Ferozeshah, and unite his force to that of Tej Singh, 
 which then numbered at least 60,000 in a fortified camp, forming a 
 parallelogram a mile in length and half a mile in breadth, protected by 
 108 guns, 40 of which were of battling calibre. On the 21st, the British 
 being reinforced by two more regiments, and the junction of Sir J. Littler 
 from Ferozepore, making altogether 16,700 men with 69 guns, chiefly 
 horse artillery, the enemy was attacked, Sir Hugh Gough leading the 
 right wing and the Governor-General in person the left, about four o’clock 
 in the afternoon, and before night the first line of entrenchments was 
 carried by assault with matchless gallantry; but so stubborn was the 
 defence that no further advantage could be obtained, and the ground 
 presented a scene of which the annals of war can scarcely produce a 
 parallel, of two hostile armies bivouacking where they had lately stood, 
 in the midst of the dead and dying, within two hundred yards of each 
 other; the British suffering from the intense cold, without food or water, 
 and occasionally harassed by the enemy’s fire. At day break on the 
 22nd the fight was resumed, and the Sikhs were driven from their de¬ 
 fences, and their guns captured. In the afternoon Tej Singh brought up 
 a reinforcement of 30,000 Ghorepurras, with artillery and camel swivels, 
 to regain his position ; but without being able to fire a shot, our ammu¬ 
 nition being completely exhausted, the cool bravery of the troops pre¬ 
 vailed, he was repulsed, and the whole army was soon in precipitate retreat, 
 leaving behind them 74 guns and a vast quantity of ammunition, &c. 
 
7 
 
 Nearly a month now passed without any occurrence of note, which was 
 employed by the Governor-General in collecting and amassing munitions 
 of war, and by the enemy in rearing their magnificent and powerful for¬ 
 tifications at Sobraon. About the middle of January the Sikhs crossed 
 the river in considerable force from Philour, under Runjoor Singh, and 
 established themselves at Baran Hara, threatening Loodiana, and cutting 
 off the communication with Bussian and Raekote. Major-General Sir 
 Harry Smith with the brigade at Dhurrumkote, and Brigadier Cureton’s 
 Cavalry were immediately ordered to the relief, and by a series of the 
 most skilful manoeuvres, but with some loss of men and batrgage, effected 
 his junction with the troops at Loodiana. The enemy being thus foiled, 
 retired farther down the Sutlej, followed by the British, who by the addi¬ 
 tion of Brig. Godby’s brigade now mustered about 12,000 men. On the 
 28th this gallant force attacked the intrenched position at Aliwel, where 
 the Sikhs had at least 24,000 men, and after a hard and well fought 
 battle, by their desperate bravery, completely routed them, remaining 
 masters of their camp and 52 guns. 
 
 The great force of the enemy was now concentrated at Hurreeke Ghat, 
 a fine position on the left bank of the Sutlej ; where, during the preceding 
 month, they had erected a semi-circular chain of formidable works, which 
 were armed by seventy pieces of artillery, and defended by thirty-two 
 regiments of regular infantry, their best troops, and others, in all amount¬ 
 ing to at least 35,000 men ; together with a reserve on the right bank of 
 the river, where several heavy guns were planted, commanding and flank¬ 
 ing the main works, the communication with which was by a well-con¬ 
 structed bridge of boats. The head quarters of the British was at 
 Nihalkee, a small village at no great distance; and the troops were disposed 
 in the neighbourhood, so as effectually to cover Ferozepore, and the road 
 from Bussean, by which the supplies were expected On the 5th of 
 February, the besieging train with the reserve ammunition arrived from 
 Delhi, and on the 8th, Sir H. Smith came into position on the right from 
 Aliwel. With these additions the whole army numbered nearly 20,000 
 men, which was deemed sufficient to accomplish the great object in view, 
 and it was determined that the camp should be immediately attacked, for 
 which the following dispositions were made. The mortars, battering and 
 field artillery were placed in a semi-circle on the alluvial land, embracing 
 within its range the whole of the Sikh works. Two brigades under Major- 
 General Sir R. Dick were posted on the margin of the river, to commence 
 the attack on the enemy’s right; the 7th, Brigadier Stacey’s brigade, to 
 lead, supported at the distance of two hundred yards by the 6th, under 
 Brigadier Wilkinson. The 5th brigade of the same division, under the 
 Hon. T. Ashburnham, forming the reserve, was to advance from the in¬ 
 trenched village of Koodewalla, leaving a regiment for its defence if neces¬ 
 sary. General Gilbert’s division, the 2nd, was deployed in the centre, for 
 either support or attack, its right resting on, and partly occupying, the 
 village of Little Sobraon On the right, near the village of Gutta, with 
 its right thrown out towards the river, was the 1st division, under Major- 
 General Sir H. Smith. The Cavalry, under Colonel Cureton, was to 
 feign an attack on the force at Hurreeke, and threaten the Sikh Horse, 
 under the Rajah Lall Singh Misr, on the opposite bank. In the rear, 
 between Sir H. Smith’s left and General Gilbeit’s right, Brigadier Camp- 
 
s 
 
 bell occupied a position capable of protecting both, and Major-General 
 Sir Joseph Thackwell, with Brigadier Scott, had the remainder of the 
 cavalry in reserve on the left, ready to act as circumstances might 
 demand. By the early hour of three in the morning of the 10th, these 
 arrangements were completed; and two pickets, occupied as posts of 
 observation by the enemy, in front of Kode walla and Lit tie Sobraon, 
 bad also been seized. 
 
 The rising sun having dispelled the heavy mists which hung over the 
 river and plain, and rendered distant objects obscure, the batteries of 
 nine-pounders enlarged into twelve, and the brigade of howitzers formed 
 from the light field-batteries, and troops of horse artillery, opened their 
 fire near the Little Sobraon ; and by half-past six the whole fire of the 
 artillery was developed — round shot, shells, and rockets following each 
 other with fearful celeiity. “ The fire,” says Sir H. Gough, “ was most 
 spirited and well directed, I cannot speak in terms too high, of ihe judi¬ 
 cious disposition of the guns, their admirable practice, or the activity with 
 which the cannonade was sustained and the frequent explosions of maga¬ 
 zines and ammunition waggons, gave evidence of the precision with which 
 they were aimed. The columns having occupied their ground during the 
 dark, the camp was taken by surprise; and the infantry, which lay facing 
 the works in cannon range, being under cover, the enemy seemed 
 scarcely aware of our position. At fiist a few horsemen only made their 
 appearance, reconnoitering and directing the removal of baggage, &c. 
 across the river; but the infantry were quickly seen lining the whole of 
 the works, and almost instantantly every gun was opened upon us with 
 tremendous effect. The simultaneous roar of 120 pieces of ordnance, 
 together with swivels and musketry, reverberating through the valley, 
 and echoed by the river, was grand and appalling. 
 
 Although the iron guns and mortars were of formidable calibre, and 
 aided by the rocket battery did their duty well, as was afterwards dis¬ 
 covered by the havoc commit ed in the enemy’s camp ; yet the Sikh 
 position was so strong, and their guns so large and so numerous, that it 
 soon became apparent, that by cannonade alone, however skilfully worked, 
 it would be in vain to hope to dislodge troops so numerous, and so well 
 protected by redoubts and epaulements, within any reasonable time. It 
 was therefore determined at once to bring the issue to the arbitrament of 
 the musket and bayonet; Sir Ii. Gough calculating well on the hit*h 
 courage of the army under his command, with confidence relied upon 
 them to maintain the high reputation of the British name. 
 
 In conformity with this resolve, about nine o’clock, Colonel Stacey’s 
 Brigade deployed into line, Her Majesty’s 10th Foot on the right flank, 
 and the 53rd on the left, with the 43rd and 59th Native infantry in the 
 centre; supported on either side by Lieutenant-Colonel Lane’s troop of 
 Horse Artillery, and Captains Horseford’s and Fordyce’s foot batteries; 
 the infantry supported at a short distance by Colonel Wilkinson’s brigade, 
 and the whole led by the gallant Sir R. Dick Nothing could be more 
 admirable in daring, and discipline, than their advance on the murderous 
 works of the enemy; steadily and coolly they marched on with the preci¬ 
 sion of a field day, halting when necessary to correct any imperfections in 
 their line, over about 1200 yards of deep sand; the artillery at the gallop 
 taking up a succession of positions, unlimbeting and replying to the fire, 
 
9 
 
 until they were within about 300 yards of the heavy batteries. Here they 
 were exposed to a fire that no other troops in the world could have faced ; 
 grape, round shot, and shells, fell in showers, and the slaughter was terri¬ 
 ble, notwithstanding the regularity and scientific character of the assault, 
 it seemed impossible for them to stand against it; but after a brief halt, 
 nothing daunted, on they went in double quick time. The Sikhs confi¬ 
 dent in the power of their guns, and the presumed impregnability of their 
 position, stood firm, and fought bravely; but it was useless, on came the 
 fearful charge that nothing could resist; one tremendous and truly British 
 cheer was given that was heard above the cannons’ roar, perseverance 
 triumphed, and the outworks were won, and the British flag floated on 
 the enemy’s battery. The onslaught was dreadful, indeed for energy and 
 gallantry it has never been surpassed on any occasion, in any part of the 
 world. Her Majesty’s IO 1 I 1 Foot under Lieutenant-Colonel Franks, now 
 for the first tune brought into serious contact with the enemy, charged 
 without filing a shot, until within the intrenchments, and greatly distin¬ 
 guished themselves; the 53rd Foot came next in gallant and effective 
 style, whilst the Sepoys of the 43rd and 59th Native Infantry biigaded 
 with them, emulated the Europeans in coolness and determination. The 
 second line under Colonel Wilkinson followed close upon the first, and 
 the brigade of Colonel Ashburnham immediately moved forward in sup¬ 
 port, whilst General Gilbert and Sir H. Smith threw out their light troops, 
 aided by artillery, to threaten other portions of the works and divide the 
 attention of the enemy. 
 
 The Sikhs now directed their whole force, horse and foot, upon the two 
 brigades that had entered the camp, and strove with inconceivable fury to 
 recover, with the sword, the positions from which they had been driven. 
 They fought nobly hand to hand with their assailants, selling their lives 
 dearly, and disputing the ground inch by inch; but it was useless, nothing 
 could stand against those formidable weapons the bayonets, in the hands 
 of the heroes who wielded them. It however became necessary to convert 
 into close end serious attacks, the demonstrations of the skirmishers of 
 the centre and right. Major-General Gilbert rapidly advancing entered 
 the fortifications after a severe struggle, and afforded opportune assistance 
 by charging through the centie of the camp; whilst the gallant efforts of 
 the division under Sir II. Smith met with the same success on the enemy’s 
 left. At the same time the Cavalry, under Sir John Thackwell, bursting 
 in single file through an opening made by the Sappers, re-formed, and 
 charged on the other side, sweeping all before them. At every point, the 
 intrenchments were now carried, and the battle raged with terrific fury 
 from right to left. The Sikhs gallantly resisted the combined attack, and 
 it was not until the weight of all the three divisions of Infantry, and 
 several regiments of Cavalry, with the fire of every piece of field artillery 
 belonging to the army that could be sent to their aid, had been felt, that 
 they began lo give way, and their fire began to slacken. At first, regi¬ 
 ment after regiment moved in tolerable order towards the bridge and ford, 
 under the incessant and fearfui volleys of the Infantry, but soon all became 
 one broken and confused mass, in rapid and discomfited flight. The 
 bridge broken by our fire and partially sunk, was totally inadequate for 
 the transit of the multitude pressing towards it, whilst the ford from a 
 sudden rise in the river was nearly impassable. He e then commenced a 
 
10 
 
 scene of fearful carnage, volley after volley was poured upon the dense 
 masses of brave men who refused to seek for quarter, and when the mus¬ 
 ketry ammunition was exhausted, the horse artillery fired grape, until not 
 a living being was within range. Hundreds fell under the cannonade, 
 and hundreds upon hundreds in attempting the perilous passage; no com¬ 
 passion was felt or mercy shown, for the enemy had during the early part 
 of the action sullied their gallantry, by slaughtering, or most barbarously 
 mutilating, all prisoners whom the fortune of war placed at their disposal. 
 
 Thus ended the battle of Sobraon; at six in the morning it commenced, 
 at nine it became a hand to hand fight, by eleven it was over, and the 
 Sikh army which had recently shewn so bold a front, was broken and dis¬ 
 persed; of the 35,000 warriors of which it was composed, at least 10,000 
 were destroyed, and one half of the remainder were wounded and disabled. 
 Considering the brief duration of the battle, the loss of the British was 
 also very severe, although not heavy compared with tlie advantages gained; 
 13 officers were killed, 101 wounded, 303 rank and file killed, and 1,913 
 wounded, making a total of 2,383 killed and wounded; 67 pieces of can¬ 
 non, upwards of 200 swivels, numerous standards, and munitions of war 
 of all kinds, were trophies of victory. 
 
 All portions of the army, both British and Native, from the highe st to 
 the lowest in rank, vied with each other, not only in performing the usual 
 service, but in the most unusual exploits, their courage and endurance 
 were beyond praise, and they seemed to have a fixed determination that 
 they would not be beaten. One temper, one will, one universal mutual 
 confidence, cemented and animated the whole. The despatches of the 
 commander-in-chief are filled with praises of both officers and men; and 
 yet so varied are his emconiums by the appropriate expressions of truth, 
 that those who read them, feel that not one single word of unmerited 
 thanks has been uttered. 
 
 After a brief repose the Governor-General, Commander-in-Chief, and 
 a portion of the army, crossed the river the same evening, by a Pontoon 
 bridge at Khoonda Ghat, Ferozepore, and on the 22nd, without encounter¬ 
 ing any opposition on the route, were in possession of Lahore, dictating 
 the terms of an important peace, which will add more to the power and 
 stability of the government of India, than any event which has occurred 
 since the fall of the Empire of Mysore. 
 
 Mr. B URFORD feels it his duty to state, as an erroneous impression is 
 entertained hy some portion of the Public, that the Panoramic 
 Views are a species of scene-painting, coloured in distemper, or 
 other inferior manner, that such is not the case—that ihey are 
 all painted in the finest oil , colour, and varnish that can be 
 procured ; and in the same manner as a gallery picture. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENGRAVING 
 
 I.—Outer Intrenchment of the Sikhs. 
 
 The various works which surrounded the Tete de Pont at the head of the 
 bridge, had been most ably constructed, under Col. Don Hurbon de Alcantara, 
 a Spanish engineer. They were situated at a considerable bend in the river, 
 both ends touching the banks, and were of great size, being capable of holding 
 36,000 men. They consisted of a double line of batteries, arranged in semi¬ 
 circular form, with high ramparts, wide ditches, and holes and banks ; within 
 which were a triple line of defences of earth, plank, and fascines, with 
 formidable redoubts and epaulements. The whole pierced with mines, and 
 everything arranged which skill could plan, or perseverance carry out, during 
 the four weeks the Sikhs had occupied the position; the whole mounting 
 seventy large guns. 
 
 Z.—Brigadier Cureton. 
 
 Colonel Cureton is most honorably mentioned by the commander-in-chief, 
 for having, by the manoeuvres of his brigade, attracted and fixed the attention 
 of the Rajah Lall Singh’s horse, thus fulfilling every expectation that was 
 formed of his skill. Colonel Cureton entered the army at the early age of six¬ 
 teen, and presents the somewhat rare example of an officer having, without 
 means or interest to promote him, and under a feigned name, gradually risen 
 from the ranks in little more than seven years during the Peninsula war to 
 an ensigncy in the 40th infantry, since which, having assumed his own name, 
 he has again advanced by his services alone to the rank of lieutenant-colonel 
 in the 16th Lancers, without purchase. 
 
 3.—Gutta. 
 
 A small village, in the neighbourhood of which the 1st division under Major- 
 General Sir H. Smith took its position. 
 
 4.—Zumboorucks. 
 
 A small swivel, usually mounted on the back of a camel, from which it is 
 fired with good effect; they are also sometimes mounted on small carriages 
 adapted to their use. Above two hundred were taken in the battle. 
 
 5.—IVIaj.-Gen. Sir H. Smith’s Division. 
 
 The first division consisted of two brigades; the first commanded by Briga¬ 
 dier Hicks, being Her Majesty’s 31st foot, and 47th Native Infantry; the 
 second by Brigadier Penny, of Her Majesty’s 50th foot, the 42nd Native Light 
 Infantry, and the Nusseeree Battalion of Ghoorkhas, at the head of whom Bri¬ 
 gadier Penny received a severe wound. Major-General Sir Harry Smith who 
 commanded the division, was one of the heroes of Waterloo. After servicee 
 in South America, in the Peninsula, and in North America, as well as th 
 Waterloo, in all of which he obtained renown for his skill and bravery, as 
 
12 
 
 joined the Indian army, and is thus deservedly eulogised in the dispatch of the 
 commander-in-chief:—“Sir H. Smith here displayed the same valor and 
 judgment that gave him the victory at. Aliwell; a more arduous task has sel¬ 
 dom, if ever, been assigned to a division ; never has an attempt been more 
 gloriously carried through.” 
 
 8.—Sirdar Sham Singh. 
 
 Sham Singh, who was one of the principal sirdirs in command of the in¬ 
 fantry, behaved throughout the action in the most gallant manner, and fell at 
 last covered with wounds, rather than accompany the flight. His body was 
 afterwards sought in the camp by his devoted followers, whom the commander- 
 in-chief, respecting his bravery, forbade to be molested. 
 
 IQ.—Sirdar Kishen Singh. 
 
 The dresses of the sirdars or chiefs are very splendid, especially those of the 
 Singhs or Lions. A helmet or small cap of polished steel, round which are 
 twisted three Cashmere shawls, tightly interlaced, with a fiinge of mail descend¬ 
 ing to the shoulders, a chelenk of precious stones on the forehead, hack and 
 breast plates of polished steel, or a coat of chain mail, worn over a jacket of 
 quilted silk, gauntlets of steel inlaid or embossed with gold or jewels, armlets 
 of precious stones, with shield of the polished hide of the rhinoceros; lance, 
 sabre, and matchlock or pistols complete their splendid attire, whilst the trap¬ 
 pings of the horses are equally gorgeous. 
 
 11.—Brigadier Campbell’s Brigade. 
 
 Her Majesty’s 9th Lancers, and the 2nd Native Irregular Cavalry. 
 
 12>.—Nihalkee. 
 
 A considerable village, nearly three miles distant, in which the head quarters 
 ot the British army was establised. 1 he army occupying also the villages of 
 Killee and Jillewilla, and the intermediate ground. 
 
 13.—Chola Sabron. 
 
 1 he small village of little Sobraon, from which the battle takes its name, 
 was occupied by the right of Major-General Gilbert’s division, the enemy also 
 had a picket in front, which was taken early in the morning. Here the attack 
 was opened soon after break of day by the twelve pounders and howitzers. 
 
 1©.—M!aj.-Gen. Gilbert’s Division. 
 
 The second division, consisting of the 3rd brigade, Her Majesty's 29th foot, 
 and the 41st and 68rh Native Infantry; and the 4th brigade, 1st Kuropean 
 Light Infantry, 16th Grenadiers, and the Sirmoor Battalion of Ghoorkhas, oc¬ 
 cupied the centre, and arc thus spoken of:—“ I want words to express my 
 gratitude to Major-General Gilbert ; not only have I to record that in this 
 great fight all was achieved by him which I could desire to have executed, but 
 that his division was, by his skill and courageous example, enabled to triumph 
 over obstacles, from which a less ardent spirit would have recoiled as insur¬ 
 mountable. i he promptitude and energv of his attack essentially contributed 
 to the success of the day.” Brigadier Taylor of the 3rd brigade, one of the 
 most gallant and intelligent officers of the army, fell, covered with honorable 
 wounds. 
 
13 
 
 18. —Sikh Cavalry. 
 
 The regular cavalry owes its state of discipline principally to the exertions 
 of General Allard, an Italian; but it is much inferior to the infantry, being 
 composed of men of all sizes and ages, who get appointed through the interest 
 of the different sirdirs ; they wear a steel skull cap, round which shawls are 
 twisted, and a back and breast plate of steel ; their arms are the lance, sword, 
 and pistols. Their horses are good but mean in appearance, their trappings 
 and saddles of leather of the worst description. The irregular horse find their 
 own clothing, arms, and the feed of their horses, out of their pay; their dress 
 and appointments therefore present a very motley but picturesque appearance; 
 they mostly have caps of steel, with breast plates or coats of chain mail, and 
 shawls, cloaks, &c., ad libitum ; they are armed with spears, shields, pistols, 
 swords, and bows and arrows, and are indifferently mounted. 
 
 1 9 . —R odee walla. 
 
 A small intrenched village, occupied by the 5th brigade, under the Hon. 
 T. Ashburnham, from which they advanced to support the 6th and 7th 
 brigades in the assault. 
 
 20.—Sikh Infantry. 
 
 The regular infantry is in every respect far superior to the cavalry, and is 
 very creditable to General Ventura, under whose care it was formed. The 
 service being very popular, admits of the finest men being picked from large 
 bodies of applicants; they are usually tall and spare, with good features, full 
 beards, and long limbs; hardy, and capable of enduring much fatigue. The 
 uniform is generally scarlet with colored facings to distinguish the regiments, 
 as in the British service, blue linen trowsers, and a blue turban, one end of 
 which being loose and spread covers the back part of the neck, and falls to the 
 shoulders; the belts are black leather, and the arms a musket and bayonet of 
 Lahore make. Drums, fifes, and bugles are in common use, and some few 
 regiments have bands. The irregular infantry, the same as the cavalry, find 
 their own appointments. They wear cotton, silk, or broad cloth ehupkuns or 
 tunics, of various colors, well quilted ; a species of pantaloons loose at the 
 hips and generally yellow, with turbans, &c.; and their arms are as various as 
 their dress—muskets, matchlocks, swords, spears, or any weapon of offence 
 chance may throw in their way. 
 
 The artillery, principally trained by M. Court a pupil of the Polytechnic 
 school, is not, as in other services, a distinct corps, but a certain number of 
 guns and skilful gunners are distributed through the regular regiments. 
 
 21.—Lieut.-Gen. Sir Hugh Gough, G.C.B., and Staff. 
 
 Sir Hugh, now Lord Gough, entered the army in 1794, served in the West 
 Indies, in the Peninsula, and in China, in all which places his services have 
 commanded repeated and well-deserved encomiums. The brilliant success of 
 the Indian army throughout the difficult operations of the campaign of the 
 Sutlej, which is'mainly attributable to his judicious and well-constructed plans, 
 and his cool and valiant behaviour, prove that the post of Commander-in-chief 
 could not have been placed in better hands. 
 
 22.—Prince Waldemar. 
 
 Nephew to the late and first cousin to the present King of Prussia, who 
 had been sometime travelling in the east, under the name of Count Ravens- 
 burgh; he accompanied the whole of the campaign, and together with the 
 officers of his staff, the Counts Oriola and Greuben, was always to be seen in 
 the front, wherever danger most earnestly pressed, thereby rendering effectual 
 service to the commander-in-chief on the field. 
 
14 
 
 23. Ghoorkhas. 
 
 The two battalions of Ghoorkhas in the British service, the Sirmoor and the 
 Nusseeree, deserve especial notice for the determined hardihood and bravery 
 with which they met the Sikhs, wherever opposed to them. These brave 
 little mountaineers, whose pre-eminence in daring is as conspicuous as their 
 inferiority in size, were allowed to discard the musket and use their native 
 short sabre knife, every blow of which cut through the bayonets of the enemy, 
 and carried death. Their dress nearly resembles the British Rifles, being 
 green with black facings, but they wear yellow turbans ; the knife is a species 
 of bill hook, about two feet in the blade and six inches in w'idth at the end. 
 Captain John Fisher, of the Sirmoor Battalion, was killed at the head of his 
 brave regiment. 
 
 25.—43rd and 59th Native Infantry. 
 
 The Governor General highly commends the native regiments, for their firm 
 and steady bearing, and for not firing a shot until they had passed the barriers 
 opposed to them—“ a forbearance worthy of constant imitation, to which may 
 be attributed the success of their first effort, and the small loss they sustained.” 
 Nothing, indeed, could be better than the conduct of the native regiments, 
 which formed two-thirds of the army, for notwithstanding the temptations 
 offered by numerous Sikh emissaries, no desertions took place, and in every 
 action they maintained the character of the Bengal army for courage and 
 bravery, under heavy fire. 
 
 26.—Lord Hardinge. 
 
 Of that brave and distinguished officer, Sir Henry Hardinge (now Lord), th e 
 Governor General, who personally accompanied the army, it is unnecessary t° 
 add more, than that he approved of all the plans of the battle; and to use th e 
 words of Sir H. Gough, “ when a soldier of such sound judgment and mature^ 
 experience as your excellency, assured me that my projected operation deserve^ 
 success, I could not permit myself to doubt, that, with the blessing of Divin e 
 Providence, the victory would be ours. Nor did your assistance stop here, 
 though suffering from the effects of a fall and unable to mount on horseback 
 without assistance, your uncontrollable desire to see the army once more 
 triumphant, carried you into the hottest of the fire, filling all who witnessed 
 your exposure to such peril, at once with admiration of the intrepidity that 
 prompted it, and anxiety for your safety.” 
 
 27.-Maj.-Gen. Sir R. Dick, K.C.B. 
 
 A gallant veteran of the Peninsular and Waterloo. Sir Robert Dick, who 
 led the assault, whilst personally animating by his dauntless example the 
 soldiers of Her Majesty’s 80th regiment, in their career of noble daring, 
 received a grape shot wound in the stomach, after be had entered the intrench- 
 ments; thus falling in the moment of victory, on a field worthy his military 
 renown and services. He lived until evening, and died regretting that he 
 could not write his own despatch, and himself do justice to his division, 
 he 3rd. 
 
 28.—5th Brigade. 
 
 The 5th brigade of the 3rd division, under the Hon. T. Ashburnham, consisting 
 of Her Majesty’s 9th and 62nd foot and the 26th native infantry, manoeuvred 
 with great coolness, and by its firm and judicious advance to the support of the 
 two attacking brigades, contributed to the success of the assault. 
 
1.5 
 
 29.—7th Brigade. 
 
 1 he 7th brigade, consisting of Her Majesty’s 10th and 53rd foot, and the 
 43rd and 59th native infantry under Brigadier Stacey, were most hotly and 
 successfully engaged, and greatly distinguished themselves; the 10th especially, 
 who were the first to enter the intrenchments. “ On Brigadier Stacey devolved 
 the arduous duty of leading the first column to the attack, turning the enemy’s 
 right, and encountering his fire, before his numbers had been thinned, or his 
 spirits broken ; which was most gallantly, ably, and successfully done.” He 
 received several severe contusions. 
 
 30.—Akalees. 
 
 In addition to the regular and irregular troops, the Lahore Government 
 retains in its pay a body of irregular cavalry, two or three thousand in number, 
 called Akalees (immortals), religious fanatics, who acknowledge no ruler nor 
 laws but their own. Robbers and murderers by profession, they are the most 
 insolent and worthless of the people of India; they always go fully armed, 
 with three or four swords, a matchlock at the back, and several quoits round 
 the turban. The quoit, an arm peculiar to them, is a steel ring, varying from 
 6 to 9 inches in diameter, and 1 inch in breadth, very thin, and the edge 
 ground sharp; these they throw with such force and dexterity, as to kill or 
 wound at 70 yards. 
 
 31.—6th Brigade. 
 
 The 6th brigade of the 3rd division, under Brigadier Wilkinson, consisting 
 of Her Majesty’s 80th foot, and the 33rd and 63rd native infantry; by the 
 manner in which they supported the 7th brigade, and followed its lead into the 
 enemy’s works, gained the highest praise from the commander-in-chief. 
 
 34.—3rd Dragoons. 
 
 Her Majesty’s 3rd dragoons were as usual in the foremost rank, and over¬ 
 came every obstacle opposed to them, galloping over the obstinate defenders of 
 the batteries and field works, and cutting down the brave men still standing to 
 their guns ; and achieving, under their gallant commander Lt. Col. White, 
 prodigies of valor. 
 
 35.—Col. Lane’s Horse Artillery. 
 
 The brigade of artillery greatly assisted the approach and attack of the 
 storming brigades of infantry on the left; and their firing was subsequently 
 most effective, when the enemy were crossing the river. 
 
 36.—River Sutlej. 
 
 The Sutlej forms the geographical boundary between the. Punjab and the 
 British dominions, and is the largest of the five rivers that run through that 
 country, and contribute to the waters of the Indus. Its usual course is about 
 two miles and a half an hour, and its average width about ^tOO feet; but in the 
 rainy season it overflows the adjacent country for many miles. A singular 
 and unaccountable rise of more than seven inches took place during the battle, 
 rendering the ford nearly useless, in consequence of whi ch, thousands were 
 drowned or shot, and the stream literally ran red with blo'od, and was covered 
 with the bodies of the dead. 
 
 38.—Ninth Lancers. 
 
 The demonstration on the left made by this regiment, towards the close of 
 the battle, was in the very best order under a very sharp c annonade. For the 
 first time for several centuries, was the lance used in this c ampaign, in a home 
 charge of cavalry by the British. 
 
16 
 
 39.—4th Bengal I^ight Cavalry. 
 
 Forming, as well as the 3rd dragoons, part of the 1st brigade of cavalry, 
 under Maj.-Gen. Sir J. Thackwell, and Brigadier Scott. When the firing had 
 ceased a little, the 4th were detached from the brigade, and had orders to ad¬ 
 vance, which they did in the face of a seven feet wall, from which a continued 
 firing of musketry was kept up, and a battery pouring in grape, in fine and 
 unbroken style; they at last found an entrance in single file, which was a long 
 business, but was accomplished as steadily as possible under a slaughtering fire, 
 and having re-formed, assisted in attacking a powerful body of infantry in the 
 rear of a formidable line of field-works, usually the particular province of 
 infantry and artillery. 
 
 40.—Bridge of Boats. 
 
 Affording communication from the intrenched camp to the reserve camp on 
 the northern bank, near the village of Sobraon. The bridge was partially 
 burnt and sunk during the flight, and was afterwards totally destroyed by the 
 engineers. On the opposite side several large guns were planted, so as to 
 command and flank the position on this. 
 
 4£.—Sikh Army. 
 
 The Sikhs, viewed either as a nation or a sect, are a singular people; they 
 have a peculiar religion, which is neither Mahommedan nor Hindoo, but 
 slightly partakes of both, with pure Deism, and they regard all others with 
 hate. After many years of unlimited authority and prosperity, their number 
 in tbe whole of the Punjab does not exceed a quarter of a million, which is 
 scarcely one-fourth of the population ; for from their roving and dissolute 
 habits, few have families, none large ones, and they occasionally destroy their 
 female children. The army of the Punjab, which is principally composed of the 
 troops of the Khalsa (the state or commonwealth of the Sikhs, which although a 
 monarchy in name, is in reality more a federation of petty principalities) is said 
 to consist of about 110,000 men, regulars and irregulars: the former, drilled and 
 appointed according to the European system, number about 13,000 cavalry, 
 and nearly 60,000 infantry and artillery; the irregulars are about equally divi¬ 
 ded into cavalry and infantry, or matchlock men. There is also a contingent 
 of all arms which the sirdars or chiefs are obliged to bring into the field when 
 required by the sovereign, amounting perhaps to 30,000 more. Twenty-five 
 years ago this large army was an undisciplined horde ; after the conclusion of 
 the great wars of Europe, many military adventurers who had served under 
 Buonaparte, sought service with Runjeet Sing, and were by him entrusted 
 with the training of his troops, and to Generals Allard, Ventura, Court, and 
 Avitabili, and several other European officers, may be attributed the military 
 skill and discipline they presented during the late campaign. Sir J. Keane, 
 on his return from Cabul, reviewed 40,000 of the regular troops, and declared 
 that he had seldom looked upon a finer body of men, or inspected a cavalry 
 and artillery better mounted, equipped, and worked, even in Europe. Although 
 there were not more than three or four Europeans remaining with the rank of 
 gentlemen, and perlbaps the same number in the ranks of the artillery, yet the 
 Sikh army was considered by competent judges to have been the best ever 
 brought into the fiehd by a native power. 
 
 Geo. Jfichola, Printer , Earl's Court, Leicester Square. 
 
THE GENTLEMAN’S REAL HEAD OF HAIR 
 
 OR INVISIBLE VENTILATING PERUKE, 
 
 Inchs. 8ths 
 
 1 
 
 Ross and Sons’ infallible mode to measure Head. 
 Wound the Head in manner of a~ 
 fillet, leaving the ears loose, 
 
 Dotted 1 to 1 
 f romthe Forehead overto the pole 
 as deep each way as required, 
 
 rum nano jaar across the Fore¬ 
 head close down to the point level 
 with the Whisker as marked 
 
 For SCALPS or Partial Baldness. 
 From the front as far forward as 
 required to the hair behind, 
 as 1 to 1 
 
 Is so close a resemblance to Na¬ 
 ture, as to defy detection; and to 
 enable Gentlemen to see the ef¬ 
 fect, a large assortment is always 
 ept for inspection, any one of as ueep eacu way as required, 
 which, if approved of, saves the,, „ _ Dotted 2 to 2 
 
 purchaser both time and trouble. Fr “. m , E ? rto , Ear across the Fore- 
 These elegant specimens of the 
 Perruquean art, superior to any 
 to be obtained elsewhere, either 
 in Paris or London, have only to 
 
 be seen to be admired, and are as 1 to l 
 
 the sole invention of Ross and From one side to the other across 
 sons, 119 and 120, Bishopsgatel * the Forehea <l> as far as bald 2 
 Street, London. 1 Across the Crown or Rise of Head 
 
 as 3 
 
 TO THE LADIES.— It is universally acknowledged by every one of taste that 
 however beautiful a woman may be, if her hair is deficient either to quantity quaSv 
 
 hi f 0lOU A° ne ° f her r a ‘ est charms is wanting. A complete remedy Vor alfthil is to 
 be found by visit.ng the Establishment of Ross and Sons, and choosing either head- 
 
 Sd r rpa - s v atU n h l* Se u' fr0ntS) bands ’ 0r rin 8 lets , that assist her, or splen- 
 
 did plaits that, encircling the thin hair, give it all the appearance of a luxuriant growth 
 
 The partings are so admirably contrived that the nearest inspection is confounded • the 
 transparency of the web, admitting the skin of the head to be seen through they’mav 
 be described as being as light as a feather. Address Ross and Sons, U9 and 120 
 
 luX h " e ' M °' y inv “ ,ed “■* Depto ®“ u ^ 
 
 «, [ ^t^. iSement » 3_Splendi ^ al ^?Tv ent of Coking-glass, producing the effect of a long arcade, and 
 SO bewildering as to cause a doubt whether you are in London or in old Rome. ° 
 
 “ Arch follows arch, and pile succeeds to pile.” 
 
 This unique apartment is devoted to cutting and arranging the hair in, and with another, having a 
 beautiful view of Naples, are on the ground floor. In calling attention to their establishment, Ross 
 and Sons beg to notice the advantages of their system—viz. they never take apprentices, nor young men 
 from the country, nor object to customers asking for the same man to wait upon them. Every person 
 has clean brushes, they never being used twice without being washed ; and parties are not pressed to 
 buy things they do not want. Address Ross and Sons, 119 and 120, Bishopsgate Street. 
 
 THE ATRAPILATORY, or LIQUID HAIR DYE he only dye that really an¬ 
 swers for all colors, and does not require re-doing, but as the hair grows, as it never 
 fades nor acquires that unnatural red or purple tint common to all other dyes. ROSS 
 and SONS can, with the greatest confidence, recommend the above dye as infallible, if 
 done at their establishment; and ladies or gentlemen requiring it, are requested to bring 
 a friend or servant with them, to see how it is used, which will enable them to do it 
 afterwards without the chance of failure. Several private apartments devoted entirely 
 to the above purpose, and some of their establishment having used it, the effect produced 
 can be at once seen. They think it necessary to add, that by attending strictly to the 
 instructions given with each bottle of dye, numerous persons have succeeded equally 
 well without coming to them. Address Ross & Sons, 119 and 120, Bishopsgate Street, 
 the celebrated perruquiers, perfumers, hair cutters, and hair dyers. N.B.—Parties 
 attended at their own residence, whatever the distance. 
 
 BOTANIC WATER & BEAR’S GREASE.—When the hair is becoming thin, and 
 falling off the only effectual remedy, besides shaving the head, is the use of the two 
 above-named articles, applied alternately; the Botanic Water to cleanse the roots from 
 scurf and as a stimulant; and the Bear’s Grease as a nourisher. If any further evi¬ 
 dence was required of the virtues of Bear’s Grease, for renovating and preserving the 
 hair Mr. Gatlin’s account of the quantity used, and the length of hair obtained by some 
 of the North American Indians, would be a sufficient answer. Ross and Sons, 119 and 
 120 Bishopsgate Street, who first introduced the use of Bear’s Grease to this country, 
 and*who fat and kill the animals, recommend the public to purchase none other but 
 with their names and address printed on the pot, or the chances are their obtaining a 
 spurious article. All vegetable oils applied to the hair are worse than useless. 
 
 THE NFW TOOTH-BRUSH, made on the most scientific principles, thoroughly cleaning between 
 the Teeth when used up and down, and polishing the surface when used cross-ways. This brush so 
 entirely enters between P the closest teeth, that the inventors have decided upon naming it the Tooth- 
 R™sh • therefore ask for it under that name, marked and numbered as under, viz.—Full-sized 
 pick Brush, there , hani . No , 2 , less hard ; No. 3, middling; No. 4, soft; the narrower 
 
 hashes’ mark U T P N No 5, hard; No. 6, less hard; No. 7, middling; No. 8, soft. These Inimitable 
 brushes' are only to be had at Ross & Sons’ 119 & 120, Bishopsgate Street; and they warrant the hair 
 nwer to come out; at Is. each, or 10s. per doz. in bone; and 2s. each, or 21s. per dozen, in ivory. 
 
 7 
 
FEMALE BEAUTY.—Grafftey’s Depilatory, 
 
 Price 4s. 6d. is the only antidote to Superfluous Hair, either on the Face, Neck, or 
 Arms, effectually Destroying it, without risk or injury. The Directions are simple, 
 and lead to success. Small packet, price 2s. 8d., postage included, may be obtained 
 at S. GRAFFTEY’S, 26, Warwick street, Regent street; also, Sole Warehouse for 
 the original and infallible Pompeian Dye, and the elegant Balma Pompeiana, for 
 Dressing the Hair. 
 
 HOW TO LIVE.—Price Is.: by post, Is. 6d., 
 
 WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID; 
 
 Addressed to the Nervous and Dyspeptic. 
 
 By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D., M. R. C. S., &c. 
 
 Sherwood, 23, Paternoster Row; Carvalho, 147, Fleet Street; Hannay, 63, Oxford 
 Street; Mann, 39, Cornhill; and the Author, 21, Arundel Street, Strand. 
 
 WEAK LEGS, KNEES, AND ANKLES. 
 
 W. H. BAILEY begs to remind the Nobility and Gentry that he continues 
 to make all kinds of Elastic Bandages for Weak Legs, &c. The following 
 articles are kept ready made:—Laced stockings, Ankle-socks, Knee-caps, 
 Trusses, Prolapsus, Bandages, Crutches, Ladies’ Belts, &c. Mrs. Bailey 
 attends Ladies at their own residences. N.B.—Instructions for measuring 
 forwarded to all parts of the world. 
 
 Ruptures.—Bailey’s Trusses are declared by many eminent Surgeons 
 to be the best; they are light and easy to wear, and if a cure is to be 
 obtained, they will effect it. The patient is also carefully attended to by 
 Mr. Bailey or his Assistants during Twelve Months for One Guinea (the Truss in¬ 
 cluded;) by this means a proper adjustment being always preserved, the inexperienced 
 will be enabled to effect their cure in the shortest time possible. Trusses may be had as low 
 as 7s. 6d. and 10s. 6d. Ladies attended by an experienced female Assistant.— 
 BAILEY’S, 418, Oxford street, London. Mr. B. attends in the country. An allowance 
 to Poor Patients. 
 
 ASTONISHING EFFICACY OF HOLLOWAY’S PILLS. 
 
 The Testimony of a Clergyman vouching to Eleven Cases of Cures by these won¬ 
 derful Pills. Extract of a Letter from from the Rev. George Prior, Curate of Maragh, 
 Letter Kenney, Carrigart, Ireland, 10th January, 1846. To Professor Holloway. 
 Sir, I send you a crude list of some eleven cases, all cured by the use of your Pills. 
 I cannot exactly give you a professional name to the various complaints, but this I 
 know, some of them baffled the skill of Derry and this County. In a previous letter 
 this gentleman states as follows: Within a short distance of my house resides a small 
 farmer, who for more than twenty years has been in a bad state of health; Mrs. Prior 
 gave him a box of the Pills, which did him so much good that I heard him say, for 
 twenty years past he never ate his food or enjoyed it so much as since taking your Pills. 
 
 (Signed) GEORGE PRIOR. 
 
 The above reverend and pious gentleman purchased some pounds worth of the Pills 
 for the benefit of his poor parishioners. 
 
 PATENT PORTABLE 
 WATER CLOSETS, 
 
 On Wiss’s Principle; 25 years’ labour and experience 
 have not only established their superiority, but decided 
 the conviction that they cannot be improved. 
 
 Robert Wiss, the actual inventor and holder of the 
 patent, feels justified in calling attention to the above, as 
 the most simple and perfect article of the kind. Also, 
 WATER-CLOSETS for fixing on the same principle, 
 particularly recommended for the country and exportation, 
 the machinery and cistern requiring no more room than is 
 occupied by the seat. To be seen in great variety at the 
 Manufactory. Plumbers’ work of every description 
 executed in town and country.—Address, 38, CHARING 
 CROSS, near the Admiralty, London. 
 
 8 
 
WRITING AND BOOKKEEPING. 
 
 Mil. FOSTER, author of “Prize Essay on the best Method of teaching Pen 
 manship;” “Pencilled Copy-books;” “Double Entry Elucidated;” and other com 
 tnercial works,—continues to give lessons in WRITING and BOOK-KEEPING, at 
 161, Strand; where gentlemen are prepared for counting-house or government situ 
 ations in a superior manner. 
 
 Writing is taught by Mr. F. upon undisputed principles, to the entire exclusion of 
 a six or eight-lesson charlatanry. There can be no greater insult to a rational mind 
 than the proposal to teach any manual operation—the fingering of |a musical instru¬ 
 ment for instance—in a few hours ! all that can possibly be done to further this object 
 is to see that the practice is judiciously selected, and properly performed ! He who 
 pretends to impart knowledge without labour, pretends to do that which no system can 
 accomplish; he who undertakes to simplify the communication of knowledge, and to 
 stimulate the industry of his pupil, does all that the best system can effect. 
 
 *** Prospectuses maybe had of Messrs. Souter and Law, 131, Fleet Street; to whom 
 reference is made. 
 
 DAGUERREOTYPE & GALOTYPE PIGTURES. 
 
 Every article of the most approved kind used in this truly interesting and fashionable 
 art can be had of J. EGERTON, 1, TEMPLE STREET, WHITEFRIARS, 
 LONDON. A complete Instrument for £6. containing every article required, with 
 plain instructions, by which any person can make any number of correct likenesses of 
 their Families, favorite Animals, Views, Machinery, &c., in a few seconds. The whole 
 process of the art thoroughly taught for £3. Price lists sent gratis. All goods are 
 warranted, and sent to any part of the country. 
 
 A perfect Treatise on the Art for 7s. 6d. 
 
 FLOOR CLOTH WAREHOUSE, 
 
 253, Strand, near Temple Bar, Established 3.83.5. 
 
 JOHN WILSON begs respectfully to remind the public, that ho continues to supply 
 SEASONED FLOOR CLOTH at the very lowest price at which the best article can 
 be manufactured. He requests an inspection of his present stock, which, for sound¬ 
 ness of quality and variety of patterns cannot be surpassed. Seasoned Floor Cloth for 
 Exportation. 
 
 STILTON HOUSE, 147, HOLBOBN BAES, CITY. 
 
 R. CROSSLEY is now receiving some of his best DAIRIES of FINE RIPE 
 STILTON CHEESE, which are now in the highest possible perfection; the prices 
 •ire from lOd. to 13d. per lb.; the latter is R. C.’s highest price for the present month, 
 
 R CROSSLEY’S justly celebrated new mild English BREAKFAST BACON, 
 received from the curing stores in the country weekly, at 7d. per lb. by the side or 
 half-side, or EXTRA SMOKED at 7£d. per lb. 
 
 Fine flavoured SMALL SMOKED HAMS, from 71b. weight and upwards. 
 Highly-smoked BATH CHAPS, an excellent accompaniment for Fowl, Game, & c. 
 or eaten cold for Breakfast, at 6-|d. per lb. 
 
 Superior OLD WESTPHALIA HAMS, imported by 11. C. 
 
 The first importation this season of 1< INE nr< H AF 
 selected expressly for the Loudon Market. 
 
 OLD CHESHIRE CHEESE, for household purposes, and all other description 
 of CHEESE of first-rate qualities, at moderate prices. 
 
 RICH AMERICAN CHEESE, 
 
 Fine OX TONGUES, cured upon the Premises, and in tho Yorkshire manner, 
 from 3s. 6d. each and upwards. 
 
 All articles purchased for the country, are packed and forwarded to any oi tho 
 London Coach Offices or Railway Termini, free of extra expense. 
 
 B. CROSSLEY, Proprietor, 
 
 1^7, H O L B O R N BARS, CITY. 
 
 N.B. TOP OF IIOLBORN HILL. 
 
 No 
 
FOR THE HAIR. 
 
 Admirably efficacious and certain in its operation, highly approved in the leading circles, 
 of fashion, and extensively demanded by all who cultivate the graces of the toilette, is 
 
 C. & A. OLDEIDGE’S BALM OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 Sold by the Proprietors, 1, Wellington Street, Strand, (two doors from the comer, 
 and by most respectable Perfumers and Medicine Venders in the United Kingdom.) 
 
 IT STRENGTHENS AND NOURISHES, 
 
 exerting a healthy influence, and occasioning an ample and luxuriant growth of Hair. 
 
 PRESERVES; 
 
 where the hair is already full, the conservative properties of the Balm maintain it in 
 strength and luxuriance. 
 
 RESTORES; 
 
 when weak or falling off, the Balm completely restores. In the event of partial or 
 entire baldness, its renovating influences, except with the extremely old, produce an 
 entirely new growth. 
 
 BEAUTIFIES: 
 
 unlike the action of ordinary stimulants, which spoil the hair, induces an elegant wave 
 or curl, and a rich beautiful appearance, 
 
 AND CLEANSES THE HAIR. 
 
 The Balm is peculiarly valuable as a detergent, cleansing in the most complete and 
 agreeable manner, and for young people, superseding, as the most respectable heads of 
 schools can testify, the use of the fine comb. 
 
 THE NURSERY. 
 
 The peculiar mildness of the Balm, the action of which can be regulated at discre¬ 
 tion, specially suits infancy and childhood. No well-regulated Nursery can dispense 
 with it again. Price 3s. 6d., 6s., and 11s. per bottle. No other prices are genuine. 
 OLDRIDGE’S BALM, 1, Wellington St., (the second house from the Strand,) London. 
 
 SEYSSEL ASPHALTS COMPANY. 
 
 CLARIDCE'S PATENT. 
 
 ESTABLISHED MARCH, 1838, 
 
 Tor working the Mineral Asphalte Rock of Pyrimont Seyssel, a Bituminous 
 Rock, situate on the Eastern side of the Jura. 
 
 PRINCIPAL DEPOTS:—ROUEN, MARSEILLES, AND STANGATE, 
 
 SURREY SIDE OF WESTMINSTER BRIDGE, LONDON. 
 
 The ASPHALTE OF SEYSSEL has been extensively used, since March, 1838, 
 for the following useful purposes 
 FOOT PAVEMENTS (public or other) 
 
 KITCHEN FLOORS 
 
 BASEMENTS (where it is essential to keep damps 
 from rising) 
 
 CARDEN WALKS AND TERRACES 
 CARRIAGE DRIVES 
 COACH-HOUSES AND STABLINC 
 DOC KENNELS 
 BARN FLOORS 
 TUN ROOM FLOORS 
 
 MALT HOUSE FLOORS 
 
 PICCERIES 
 
 COVERING OF RAILROAD AND OTHER 
 ARCHES 
 
 The only effectual mode to prevent the perco¬ 
 lation of Water, which also renders it very 
 appropriate for the 
 
 LINING OF TANKS, FISH PONDS, 
 DRAINS, Xc. Xc. 
 
 Note .—The Seyssel Asphalte Company are prepared to enter into special contracts 
 for the execution of railway work, and other public works of magnitude. 
 
 I. FARRELL, Secretary, Asphalte Company, Stanyate, London. 
 
 QTOOPING of the SHOULDERS 
 
 ij andCONTRACTIONofthe CHEST,so 
 injurious in Youth and persons of all ages, 
 effectually prevented and gently removed by 
 the occasional use of the IMPROVED 
 ELASTIC CHEST EXPANDER,which is 
 light, simple, easily employed outwardly or 
 invisibly, without any uncomfortable con¬ 
 straint or impediment to exercise. To Young 
 Persons especially it is highly beneficial, 
 immediately producing an evident improve¬ 
 ment in the figure, and tending greatly to 
 I prevent the incursion of Pulmonary Diseases; 
 
 | whilst to the invalid,and those much engaged 
 l sedentary pursuits, such as reading or 
 studying, working, drawing or music, it is found to be invaluable, as it opens the Chest, 
 and affords a great support to the Back. It is made in silk, and can be forwarded, per 
 post, by Mr. Alfred Binyon, No. 40, Tavistock street, Covent garden, London, or full 
 particulars on receipt of a postage stamp. 
 
 10 
 
THE HAIR! 
 
 THE HAIR! 
 
 THE CELEBRATED 
 
 QUIN-JULEP AND POMADE 
 
 Sti engthening and Promoting the Growth of the Hair, and preventing 
 its prematurely turning Grey. 6 
 
 Ai tides evei intioduced to the fashionable world can claim so distinguished a 
 imputation as the above. _ Their efficacy is indubitably established from the fact of their 
 being patronized by various members of the Royal Family, as well as by the Nobility 
 and faculty, from several of whom the Proprietor has had the honor of receiving the 
 most flattering testimonials expressive of the great benefit they have derived from their 
 use. It is also an invaluable acquisition to the Nursery. Prepared by 
 
 J. S. ERWIN (Son of MRS. PARKER,) 
 
 3, RANELAGH STREET, LOWER GROSVENOR PLACE, PIMLICO. 
 
 J. S. E. would beg to call attention to his QUIN-JULEP POMADE, a truly 
 elegant preparation (to be used with or without the Quin-Julep) for beautifying and 
 nourishing the Hair and rendering it luxuriantly soft and glossy. 
 
 To protect the Public from spurious imitations, the Proprietor has obtained the sanc¬ 
 tion of the Hon. Commissioners of Stamps to have the words “J. S. Erwin's Quin- 
 Julep and Pomade” engraved on a Government Stamp, without which none are genuine. 
 
 NEW SONG, “THOU WILT FORGET,” 
 
 COMPOSED BY ALEXANDER LEE, PRICE 2s. 
 
 “This is one of the most fascinating ballads of the gifted composer; the melody is of 
 the plaintive and touching character, somewhat in the style of ‘ I will be true to" thee,’ 
 and ‘I’ll not throw away the flower,’ When sung with expression it produces a great 
 effect, and as the melody does not range above E, it is within the compass of most 
 voices .”—Musical Review. DUFF & HODGSON, 65, OXFORD STREET. 
 
 MILLER & JONES, 
 
 Catlors, 
 
 as a, issaaa stmsst 
 
 CORNER OF MARYLEBONE LANE. 
 
 The Public are respectfully informed that Messrs. M. and J. have now on hand a 
 very large and well-assorted STOCK of SUMMER GOODS, of excellent quality, at 
 very low prices. Cash payment, and no discount. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 8. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 S. 
 
 d. 
 
 Excellent Summer Over-coats, 
 
 
 
 
 Satin, Plain, & 
 
 Fancy, 
 
 13s. to 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 all Colours, from £i 4s. to 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 Summer Vests 
 
 • . • • 
 
 7s. to 
 
 0 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 Dress & Frock Coats, £1 14s. to 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 0 
 
 Tweed Trousers 
 
 
 12s. to 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 Plain Silk-velvet Vests, £1 Is. to 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 Black Ditto 
 
 . • • 
 
 18s. to 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 Fancy Ditto .. ,. £1 6s. to 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 Fancy Doeskin 
 
 Ditto, 
 
 17s. to 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 The above are in reality their highest prices, and they feel convinced they can satisfy 
 all who desire a fashionable, cheap, and useful article. 
 
 MRS. J. F. LODER, 
 
 (late miss mason,) 
 
 Pupil of M. Coralli and Coulon, of the Academie Royale de Musique a Paris, has the 
 
 honor to announce that her 
 
 ACADEMY FOR DANCING, DEPORTMENT, * EXERCISES, 
 
 Is held at the Concert Room, 71, Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square, where 
 terms and further particulars may be obtained. 
 
 SCHOOLS ATTENDED IN TOWN AND COUNTRY. 
 
 7‘J, Stanhope Street, Regent’s Park. 
 
 II 
 
ROWLANDS’ 
 
 THE HAIR! THE SKIN! AND THE TEETH! 
 
 Tho august Patronage conceded by our Gracious Queen, H.R.H. Prince Albert, 
 the Royal Family, and the several Sovereigns and Courts of Europe; and the numerous 
 testimonials constantly received of their efficacy, together with the fact of their general use in 
 all Countries, characterize them with perfection, and prove the value of the Macassor Oil, 
 Kalydor, and Odonto. 
 
 ROWLAND’S MACASSAR OIL, 
 
 For inducing an exuberant growth, of HAIR, and for imparting a permanent gloss, a sil/cy softness, 
 and a tendency to curl , remains unrivalled. —Weakness, Premature Greyness, Relaxation, 
 and tendency to fall off, are also entirely prevented by this “ incomparable” Oil. Its purifying 
 properties dispel all Scurf and Dandriff, and for Children it is especially recommended as 
 forming the basis of a Beautiful Head of Hair. CAUTION:—Beware of SPURIOUS 
 COMPOUNDS under the title of “MACASSAR OIL.” The only genuine article has the 
 words 
 
 ROWLAND’S MACASSAR GIL 
 
 engraved in two lines on the Wrapper; and on the back of the Wrapper nearly 1,500 times, 
 containing 29,028 letters.—Price 3s. 6d.—7s.—Family Bottles (equal to 4 small,) 10s. 6d. 
 and double that size, 21 s. per Bottle. 
 
 ROWLAND’S KALYDOR, 
 
 As an eminently Balsamic Preparation, is equally celebrated for safety in application, as for 
 its mild and soothing operation, in thoroughly purifying the Skin of all Eruptive Maladies, 
 Freckles, Tan, and Discolorations, in producing a healthy freshness and transparency of 
 COMPLEXION! and a delightful softness and delicacy of the Hands, Arms, and Neck. 
 It is invaluable as a renovating and refreshing Wash during the heat and dust of Summer, 
 dispelling the cloud of languor and relaxation from the Complexion, and immediately 
 affording the pleasing sensation attending restored elasticity of the Skin; and, in cases of 
 Sun burn, Stings of Insects, or Incidental Inflammation, its virtues have long and extensively 
 been acknowledged. 
 
 CAUTION.— Spurious Compounds are frequently offered for sale under the title of 
 “KALYDOR,” composed of the most deleterious ingredients, containing mineral astringents, 
 utterly ruinous to the Complexion, and by their repellent action endangering health. It is 
 therefore imperative on Purchasers to see that the words 
 
 “ROWLAND’S KALYDOR” 
 
 are on the Envelope (an Engraving of exquisite beauty from a steel plate by Messrs. 
 Perkins, Bacon, & Co.).—Price 4s. 6d. and 8s. 6d. per bottle. 
 
 ROWLAND’S ODONTO, 
 
 OR PEARL DENTIFRICE, 
 
 A WHITE POWDER FOR THE TEETH, compounded of the Choicest and most 
 Recherchf Ingredients of the Oriental Herbal —the leading requisites of cleanliness and 
 efficacy being present in the highest possible degree. It extirpates all t.arlarous adhesions to the 
 Teeth, and ensures a peail-like whiteness to the enamelled surface. Its Anti-Septic and Anti- 
 Scorbutic Properties arrest the further progress of decay of the Teeth, auJ cause the Gums 
 to assume the brightness and colour indicative of perfect soundness. The Breatu also attains 
 a fragrant sweetness truly grateful to its possessor.—Price 2s. 9d. per box. 
 
 IMPORTANT INFORMATION. 
 
 SPURIOUS IMITATIONS of these admired Articles are now offeved for sale by SHOP¬ 
 KEEPERS of apparent respectability, who copy the Bills and Labels, and substitute 
 either a ficticious name, or the word “Genuine,” in the place of Rowland’s; it is therefore 
 necessary on purchasing either article to see that the word “ ROWLANDS” >s 011 tlie 
 Envelope. For the Protection of the Public from Fraud and Imposition, the Honourable 
 Commissioners have directed the Proprietors to have their Names engraved on tho Government 
 Stamp which is affixed on the KALYDOR and ODONTO, thus— 
 
 A. ROWLAND SON, 28, Hatton Garden, 
 
 *** All others are Fraudulent Imitations.—Ask for “ ROWLAND’S Articles. 
 
 Sold by the Proprietors, and by Chemists and Perfumers. 
 
 12