‘ 0 * ' . ■i jf •- H rtbur €ric Rowton Gill X ; LxV fox ' ® j Mk insisting 0|||| ‘ " ‘ ‘/i '/ *' ; )iii;' jr ' y' pla m , £ c< turn, Crienai an 6 Oct.i'iU £ol. IfSP EXAMPLES <&otlnf &rclntetture; SELECTED FROM VARIOUS ANCIENT EDIFICES IN ENGLAND CONSISTING OF CALCULATED TO EXEMFLIFY THE VARIOUS STYLES, AND THE PRACTICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THIS ADMIRED CLASS OF ARCHITECTURE; ACCOMPANIED BY historical anti descriptive Account#. V O L. I. By AUGUSTUS PUGIN. THE LITERARY PART BY E. ,T. WILLSON, F.S.A. ?£ 0 1 it b u r g ij JOHN GRANT 31 GEORGE IV. BRIDGE 1895 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/examplesofgothic01pugi_0 PREFACE. With feelings of the greatest satisfaction, I am at length enabled to present my Work to the Public in a finished state, and I trust that it will be found fully answerable to the conditions announced at the commencement , * and worthy of the flattering encouragement with which it has been carried on. An apology is due to my sub- scribers for the delay that has taken place in the publication of the letter-press. That delay has been a subject of deep anxiety and uneasiness to me, though beyond my power to avoid, without injury to the work itself ; being occasioned principally by the illness and various avocations of the gentleman who had undertaken the literary part of the volume, and who, no less than myself, was extremely desirous of making the “ Examples of Gothic Architecture ” a truly valuable work, without sparing any pains or expense that might conduce to its perfection. My thanks are most gratefully offered to the subscribers to my work, and particularly to the many gentlemen professionally engaged in architecture, without whose liberal encouragement and patronage I should not have ventured to undertake the publication. * The number of Plates has been increased from seventy-two, as originally proposed, to seventy-five, with a corresponding addition to the descriptive part of the subjects. IV PREFACE. To Mr. John Le Keux, whose talents are too well known to admit of praise from me, I am much indebted for the satisfactory execution of many of the engravings. Mr. Willson will accept of my acknowledgments for his friendly and zealous co-operation, not only in the literary department, but also in the choice and arrangement of the subjects, as well as the general plan of the work. With the assistance of this gentleman, and relying on a continu- ance of the kind encouragement of my patrons, I intend to com- mence a second series of Examples of Gothic Architecture,” in a volume of corresponding character to the present. Many sketches and drawings have been prepared for this work, and subscriptions are most respectfully solicited. Every endeavour will be used to render the second series of “Examples” equal, if not superior, to the present; and arrangements made for publishing the letter- press in successive portions at the same periods with the plates, in order to prevent any disappointment at the conclusion of the work. AUGUSTUS PUGIN. <&otfnc ftrcfntetture AND Jflo^cni imitations!. The plan adopted for the work entitled “ Specimens of Gothic Architecture,” has been followed, with little variation, in the volume now presented to the public ; which may be regarded as, in fact, a continuation of the “ Specimens/' although a new title has been thought proper, inasmuch as the Examples ” form an independent work. In the selection of the subjects, a preference has been given to such as appeared most likely to afford useful lessons to the modern artist ; and, with this view, the early varieties of style which distinguish the works of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries have been passed over ; the oldest of these “ Examples ” being dated in the reign of Edward I. # The omission of any examples of the Early Pointed or Lancet Style , will perhaps be censured by some critics, who may insist that a few subjects of that beautiful style ought to have had a place. In extenuation of any such charge, it may * See Plate V. of Merton College, Oxford ; and the description at page 2. VI INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. be pleaded, that the present work does not offer the display of a complete series of examples in all the successive variations of style ; hut merely exhibits a selection of such as have appeared best suited tor imitation, particularly in domestic architecture, for which the 1 meet style is peculiarly inconvenient. With this purpose in view, he " Examples " have been chiefly taken from habitable buildings ; civil architecture of the Gothic style being much less generally understood than ecclesiastical. The colleges of the University of Oxford have supplied a large share* of subjects, and the excellence of most of those selected will, ii is hoped, sufficiently justify their insertion ; the works of those venerable and scientific prelates, Wykeham, Waynflete, and C hichele, being considered by the best judges as pre-eminent models of architectural excellence, wherever they have escaped he injuries of time and barbarous alterations. The palatial halls of Eltliam and Croydon exhibit fine speci- mens of the open timber roof ; especially the former, where the hay-windows are also of exquisite beauty. The stately entrance ni'Oxborough hall is a superior example of semi-castellated archi- lecnire; and a charming variety of rich details will be found in ilc Plates of East Basham and Thorpland halls, and the rector’s house at Great Snoring, in Norfolk. These three mansions are ail constructed with brick, and their ornaments shew what patient mid skilful workmanship may effect, even in the humblest materials ; but, without recommending an imitation of such 'T' bora to works, their beautiful forms may be advantageously i i i a dci red to stone, which, both in colour and substance, must always hold a superiority over brick. To ihe description of the principal subjects, some sketches of ‘•heir history have been prefixed, in order to give a more compre- iimibve knowledge of the buildings from which the particular I. ample.- have been taken; and small ground-plans have been im reduced for the same purpose. i aii mm 1 1 will explain the plan and intention of the pr< 1 vork : and some observations on the history of the Gothic or Pointed style of architecture, and its modern practice, will now INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. Vll be given, in continuation of the introductory essays prefixed to the two volumes of “ Specimens.” In one of those essays the study of ancient architecture was compared to that of the dead languages, and some points of analogy were briefly noticed, in order to illustrate the principles of compo- sition.* To pursue a similar idea, the “ Examples of Gothic Archi- tecture,” as well as the “ Specimens,” may be aptly compared to collections of personal memoirs, original letters, wills, or other docu- ments of genuine history ; whilst books of modern architectural designs rather resemble fictitious narratives, or historical romances. No inferiority of merit is here imputed to such productions, nor is it intended to raise an invidious competition with any works of that description : the only aim is to shew that their merits are of a differ- ent order. Here is no claim to invention. Fidelity must constitute the chief value of the work ; and, bearing this consideration always in mind, the strictest attention has been paid to the display of every subject exactly as it exists ; or, where the original has become im- perfect, to ascertain, by a careful examination of those parts which yet remain entire, how much is wanting to restore the whole to a complete state, and so to represent it. Such a task must, of course, be frequently attended with difficulty, and, in certain instances, could not be performed without trusting something to imagina- tion ; but no liberty of this sort has been taken where the original authority could be obtained. However, after using all practicable care and diligence, some inaccuracies may perhaps be discovered, and for these the indulgence of the public must be solicited. The approbation which has been shewn towards the “Specimens” makes it unnecessary to say much on the utility of works of this description. It is only through the medium of accurate prints that a thorough knowledge of the architecture of the middle ages can be obtained; as by the same means the classic orders of Greece and Rome have at length become properly understood. Very few artists have opportunities of visiting and making an actual examination of any considerable number of the original sub- Remarks on “ Gothic Architecture,” in Vol. I. of “ Specimens,” page xx. Vlll INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. jects ; and the variety of invention which these edifices display is so immense, and their details are frequently of such a rich and com- plicated design, that a patient and experienced hand is necessary 10 produce a faithful picture. Moreover, a comparison of different subjects is frequently required, in order to discover and elucidate the principles of their design. The want of these aids occasioned the failures of Sir Christopher Wren, Hawksmoor, Kent, and other architects of the last two centuries, in their Gothic works. The ele- ments of the style had not then been investigated, their knowledge was limited to superficial observation, and consequently they pro- duced misshapen abortions of taste. — But, it may be asked, are we to be confined to a servile imitation of ancient models? By no means. Such restriction would be absurd. Nevertheless, while so many bald and imperfect designs are continually produced, even in the metropolis, to the disgrace of the modern Gothic school, it must be acknowledged that there is something to be learned, before our works shall bear a comparison with those of our forefathers. The trusting too much to invention, without sufficient science, has produced an infinity of contemptible designs. The Gothic Architecture of Batty Langleyis universally condemned, and very justly but other artists ought to take a part in his shame; for, long since the unlucky pub- lication of his “ Five Gothic Orders,” some inventions, scarcely less barbarous, have been put forth by certain architects, who must afterwards have blushed at their early productions. Unfortun- ately, some of these wretched works, after being discarded from the " S< <■ “ Gothic Architecture improved by Rules and Proportions, in many grand Designs ' : Golurmis, &c. i * lei and hi- Queen Matilda, the cathedral of Bayeux, and the exquisite church of Unt il ;> i Itoucii. together with some beautiful specimens of domestic architecture, of a tyh quit' unlike any thing in England. 1 'ib ncii' de la Societe des Antiquaires de la Normandie,” 8vo, 1824, 1825, 1 820, 0A1>S t Gfjilll QO to ffic gates of tjcll.” § Abbot Ramryge died in the year 1524, or about that time ; after which the abbey was given in commendam to Cardinal Wolsey. 24 TOMB OF SIR RICHARD CAREW. BEDDINGTON CHURCH, SURREY. The Church of Beddington, near Croyden, in Surrey, is thought to have been erected by Sir Nicholas Carew, knight, lord of the manor, in the early part of the fifteenth century. On the south side of the chancel is a chapel, containing monuments for several persons of this family, to which it was appropriated as a place of sepulture. Plate I. shews one of the arches and columns which separate this chapel from the chancel, together with one of the open screens which complete the partition. The details of mouldings, both in the columns and screens, are drawn on a large scale, with notes of reference. TOMB OF SIR RICHARD CAREW, IN BEDDINGTON CHURCH. Sir Richard Carew, the person commemorated by this monument, was a man of great consequence in the reigns of Henry VII. and Henry VIII. He was created a knight banneret at the battle of Blackheath, A.D. 1497, held the office of sheriff 1 of Surrey, and of Sussex, more than once ; and was appointed to the important trust of lieutenant of Calais by Henry ATI. This place continued in his keeping after the accession of Henry VIII. by whom a patent for it was granted to Sir Richard Carew, and Sir Nicholas, his son, for the term of their lives. Sir Richard Carew died in 1520, and lies here buried ; together with his second wife, Malyne, daughter of Robert Oxen- b ridge, Esq. of Forden, in Sussex. Their portraits, engraved on brass plates, are affixed to the table of the tomb ; and round the edge are the following imperfect remains of an inscription, also engraved on brass : — 0Eyfr, fofjtcije ir Richard Carew, in Beddington Church. — See the plate in this volume. f See “Specimens,” vol. i. p. 30, PI. XLII.* ELTHAM PALACE, KENT. 39 are here given, together with part of the timber rib springing from it. These corbels resemble those in Crosby Hall, but have less of ornamental detail. Plate I A 7 , and V. — The Plan of the hall has been already described. Teansvee.se Section. This section is taken in two divisions, noted on the plan a, b, a, B. That on the right hand cuts through the centre of the timbers, and of one of the buttresses which strengthen the side walls at the feet of the trusses ; it also shews an elevation of the northern bay-window on the east side. The other division of the section cuts through the centre of the southern bay-window, and also exhibits one half of a truss with all its mouldings ; and beneath this is a plan, shewing the purlines, braces, and common rafters. In the section of the bay- window is seen the door in the west side, which formerly led to other apartments westward of the hall, now destroyed. Above this door the space is covered with blank tracery, corresponding to the lights in the other sides. There is a door in the north bay, corre- sponding to this, adjoining to which appears to have been a narrow staircase, lighted by a small window remaining in the front of the bay, but not seen within the hall. On comparing the roof of Eltham Hall with that of AVestminster Hall, we shall find a general correspondence of parts, allowing for the superiority of scale in the latter. In the roof of AVestminster Hall, the length of the rafters is a little more than four-fifths of the span, measuring across the breadth from foot to foot. In that of Eltham Hall the rafters measure something less than four-fifths of the span ; consequently it is rather lower in the pitch than that of AVestminster Hall. In this roof the arches are of the compound form, struck from four centres, with an obtuse point, after the usual forms of arches in the masonry of that age ; whilst at AVestminster Hall the curved timbers describe high-pointed arches, of the simple form, struck from two centres on the base line. The spandrils are much shorter than those at AVestminster, and pendents are here introduced instead of the figures of angels. The trusses at Eltham contain a larger quantity of timber, in proportion to their breadth, than those of AVestminster Hall, which the builder probably judged necessary on account of the greater lightness of the walls and buttresses at Eltham. The gutter along the south side of the roof had formerly a parapet with a straight coping, and the cornice consists of plain mouldings. On the north 40 ELTHAM PALACE, KENT. side there was an embattled parapet, which has been destroyed ; but the cornice remains, and is studded with grotesque heads. The two bay-windows are covered by common roofs, which are evidently modern substitutes for the original finishing. The stone cornices remain, and have sculptured heads in the centre and at the angles. The ancient roofs were probably flat, covered with lead, and surrounded by stone parapets. The longitudinal section exhibits one compartment of the roof, cut through the ridge, together with the inside of the southern bay-window, and a part of that beyond the next corbel. The beauty of the bay-windows makes them worthy of the most careful examination.* The lights in these windows are of a tall proportion, particularly in the lower division ; the bottom of those above the transom ranging in a line with the sills of the smaller windows. These were placed high above the floor, as was done in almost all ancient halls; the plain walls below the windows being generally covered with hangings of tapestry before the reign of Henry VIII., when wainscot panels were intro- duced, and afterwards came into common use. In this section the purlines, braces, and cornice of one bay of the roof, are displayed, together with the profiles of two trusses. The moulding running between the cornice and the lower purline probably formed the top of a frieze, composed of ornamental tracery, which covered the feet of the rafters, such as we find in the roof of Crosby Hall, and that of Christ Church, Oxford ; but not a fragment of any thing of the kind now remains in IT tli am Hall, excepting this plain moulding. Plate VI. — Doorway on the North Side of Eltham Hail. No. 1. is an exterior elevation of the whole design, of which the details are finished in a neat and elegant style, this being the chief entrance ; whilst the opposite one is of a very plain character. The arch is described from four centres, but is so little flattened at the point, that it rises very nearly one-half of the span. The blank arch over the mouldings was contrived for discharging the superincumbent weight of the wall. No. 2. In the spandrils of this door, one of which is here given on an enlarged scale, the favourite badge of King Edward IV., a radiant sun, surmounted by a rose, is sculptured in the middle of the tracery. The date * Tin; southern hay-window, here represented as perfect, has been most shamefully mutilated, by cutting out all the lower part, and inserting a rude wooden frame and doors, for the passage of carts and waggons. ELTHAM PALACE, KENT. 41 of the building has been determined by these badges ; for before they had been observed, it was generally ascribed to an earlier period. No. 3. These three enlarged sections of the mouldings correspond to the letters a, b, and c, marked on the elevation. No. 4. The base and capital of one of the small columns in the jambs are here given at large, with the dimensions of their parts in figures. This door-case nearly corresponds in general style with one in the episcopal palace at Lincoln, on which are the arms of Bishop Wm. Alnwick, who died a.d. 1449. [See “Specimens,” vol. i. p. 8, PI. XXXIX.] It has also been compared with a door on the north side of the hall at Hampton Court, leading to the Great Chamber ; but there the arch is more battened at the top than in this at Eltham. [See “ Specimens,” vol. ii. p. 7, PI. XI. ] Plate VII. — Pendent, &c. in the Poof of Eltham Hall. In this Plate some details of parts have been displayed on a large scale, in order to complete the explanation of the roof. The section comprehends the lower part of a truss, from the stone corbel on which it rests at the bottom to the cross-beam above the arch. The pendent is also shewn as it appears in front ; together with sections of the different pieces that compose the truss, and a plan shewing the mouldings underneath. The beauty of these pendents has been much injured by their being stripped of the small pinnacles and perforated tracery with which the central pieces were originally encased. All the pendents have now lost these ornaments ; but one retained them not many years since, and their form is here delineated in faint lines, to shew how they appeared when perfect.* In concluding the description of this sumptuous example of ancient carpentry, it is gratifying to mention, that it has lately been repaired at the expense of government, and thereby saved from the destruction with which it was threatened.! Yet we cannot help lamenting * It is shewn in an interior view of Eltham Hall, in vol. i. of “Select Views of London and its Environs,” published by Messrs. Storer and Greig, in 4to., 1804. See also Mr. Buckler’s curious little volume, pp. 32, 78. The pendents in the roof of Christ’s Church hall, Oxford, are finished in a similar style, and have been perfectly preserved. f A question has been raised as to the quality of the timber in this roof; some persons who examined it during the repairs having stated that it was oak, while others affirm it to be of chestnut. There is great difficulty in distinguishing these pieces of timber after they have been long in use ; especially where oak imported from the continent has been employed, as such timber has generally a finer grain than our English oak, which is distinguished by its superior strength and toughness. Contradictory statements have also G 42 CARVED DESK AND BENCH. that these repairs were not extended to the masonry, and that the remains of Eltham Palace should not be rescued from their present degrading use, the hall cleaned and set free from the vile sheds and hovels that now disfigure its o walls, and the whole site preserved from further dilapidation, and the discordant encumbrances of modern buildings. CARVED DESK AND BENCH IN THE CHURCH OF OLD WALSINGHAM, NORFOLK. Plate 1 . — The fastidious habits of modern times have sadly disfigured the interior appearance of our churches, by the introduction of close pews. Instead of being shut up in square boxes, the congregation, formerly, were seated on long benches, ranged on each side the nave of the church, with their faces turned towards the altar. This sort of furniture was perfectly suitable to the architecture of a church ; the ornaments partook of the same style as the fabric itself — there was no unsightly bulk to block up the columns, which shewed their moulded bases quite down to the floor, instead of being half buried, as they now are in most churches, amidst a heap of shapeless pews. A separate pew was a distinction appertaining only to the lord of the manor, or some other person of distinction ; and it was very rarely that more than two pews were erected in the same church, before the reign of Queen Elizabeth. But these manorial pews were like small chapels, generally occupying the upper end of a north or south aile. They were enclosed by screens, enriched with perforated tracery, and were some- times covered with canopies, and made highly ornamental. The Plate exhibits two examples of such desks and benches as the better class of parochial churches used to be furnished with. No. 1. forms the end of a desk without a seat, and is carved in the style of ornament which prevailed in the reign of Henry VIII. No. 2. is of an older fashion, and serves as the support of 1 ' n in.i'D about tlie u;-<; of iron in its construction. The truth is, that the roof was framed with mortices ..nd 1 1110111. lb toned together by wooden pins, without any holts or straps of iron; hut nails were used in fixing the mouldings attached to the main timbers. OAK CEILING. 43 a seat, or bench. This has a low back to lean against ; and behind it a narrow portion of the plank which forms the seat projects beyond the back, serving for those who sat in the range behind this to rest their arms upon, whilst they were kneeling. The sections and details of parts need no description. In these remnants of ancient ecclesiastical furniture, we may observe a degree of skill and taste similar to what was more amply displayed in archi- tecture ; and they are deserving of being admired, both for their beauty and durability. Stout planks of oak were used for their materials, and these were carefully framed together with mortices and tenons, and fastened by pins of the same material. This solid mode of construction had a double advantage; it admitted the enrichments of moulding and carving to be worked in bold relief; and the work would endure firm and undecayed after centuries of use. The artists of those times had not learned the modern maxim, “ Strength of work is the decay of trade.” OAK CEILING IN NEW WALSINGHAM CHURCH, NORFOLK. Plate I. — The subject of this Plate has been selected as an example of the ornamented ceilings of the fifteenth century. Such ceilings are common to churches and the mansion-houses of the rich. Sometimes the panels were laid quite flat, and sometimes were raised from the sides, with a slight inclination towards the centre. The mouldings and ornaments admitted of endless variety, and the most elaborate and delicate carvings were frequently bestowed upon them. Such costly ceilings were generally worked in oak before the time of Henry VIII., when the use of plaster, as a cheaper material, became common. The example here displayed might serve very well as a pattern for the ceiling of a highly ornamented room, in the architectural style of Henry the Ylltli’s reign, and might be worked in either wood or plaster ; but fine-grained oak, with the ornaments well carved, has an air of reality about it which can never be imparted to plaster, however skilfully painted. 44 FAKENHAM CHURCH, NORFOLK. FAKENHAM CHURCH, NORFOLK. Norfolk, and the adjoining county of Suffolk, contain some noble parish churches, erected, for the most part, in the fifteenth century, and a few so late as the reign of Henry VIII. The walls of many of these edifices consist of a mixture of squared flints, inserted amidst a sort of frame- work of freestone, producing a firm and durable fabric, with the help of good cement. The use of flints was suggested by considerations of economy, as good stone could only be procured from distant quarries ; but by careful practice, the workmen of former ages attained to a degree of perfection in the management of this rugged material, which may justly claim our admiration. Plate I. Fakenham Church is a large edifice, consisting of a nave and ailes, with a south porch, a chancel, and a lofty tower. The western en- trance is here represented in an elevation and section, with a plan of part of the tower, to shew the position of the door-way. This church was erected in the fifteenth century, chiefly in the reign of Henry VI. The royal arms in one of the spandrils of the door, and the initial letter jiff surmounted by a crown, seem to refer to this monarch, whose memory was formerly honoured in Fakenham Church, by a light kept continually burning.* Plate II. shews one of the niches, or tabernacles, which stand on each side of the door. The ornaments of the canopies to these niches are par- ticularly curious, and will be found so fully displayed on the Plate, as to require no farther elucidation. Both these niches are vacant ; but they were evidently intended for the reception of statues, and perhaps were oc- cupied by figures of the patron of the church, St. Peter, and his fellow- apostle, St. Paul, to whom the cross-keys and cross-swords, sculptured on shields over the door, may be supposed to allude. * Henry Chichele, archbishop of Canterbury, was possessed of part of Fakenham, and probably contributed to the rebuilding of the church, as he was a munificent prelate, and a great patron of archi- tecture. See the Account of his works at All Souls’ College, Oxford, p. 6. OXBOEOUGH HALL, NOKFOLK. 45 OXBOROUGH HALL, NORFOLK. Oxboeough is situated in the south-west corner of the county of Norfolk, on the borders of the fens of Cambridgeshire. The hall, or manor-house, was erected by Sir Edmund Bedingfield, knight, whose family had long been seated at a village of the same name in Suffolk, previous to the acquisition of Oxborough, by the marriage of Edmund Bedingfield with Margaret, daughter and coheiress of Sir Robt. de Tuddenham, knt. Sir Edmund was a zealous adherent of the house of York, and in high favour with King Edward IV., who granted him a license in 1482 to build towers and other fortifications at his manor of Oxborough, according to his own pleasure. From this time Oxborough Hall has continued to be the chief seat of the family, and is now in the possession of Sir Henry Bedingfield, Baronet. This mansion is constructed of brick, and originally formed a quadrangle, measuring on the outside 1 7 1 feet from east to west, and rather less from north to south; with a court in the centre, 118 feet by 92 feet.* The hall occupied the middle of the southern range, and was a grand apartment, about 56 feet long and 29 feet broad, covered with an arched roof of timber, and furnished with two oriels or bay-windows at the upper end, and a screen at the lower, — in the usual fashion of the dining-halls of those times. The north porch of the hall opened into the court opposite to the principal entrance of the mansion, which occupies the middle of the north front. The whole south side of the quadrangle, including the hall, the great chamber or private dining-room, the great kitchen, and many other principal apartments, was taken down in the year 1778, when one side of the court was thrown open, and the arrangement of the remaining rooms altered.! # See Plate IV., No. 3, which shews the entire plan, the gatehouse being distinguished by a black shade. f Hengrave Hall, in Suffolk, another noble mansion of brick, erected by Sir Thomas Kitson, knight, under a license from Henry VIII. and finished in 1538, was reduced in size about the same time as Oxborough Hall ; but the hall is yet standing at Hengrave, and the buildings completely surround an inner court, which is much smaller than that at Oxborough. — See “The History and Antiquities of Hengrave,” published in 4to, 1822; an elegant and valuable work, compiled by John Gage, Estp F.S.A., uncle to Sir Thos. Gage, to whom the place at present belongs. 46 OXBOROUGH HALL, NORFOLK. Before this reduction, Oxborougli Hall exhibited a complete example of an embattled mansion of the first class, a description of building which succeeded to the castles of earlier times, — being planned with more regard to internal space and convenience, but retaining sufficient strength to resist any casual assault of a hostile party. The style of the building has been compared to that of Queen’s College, Cambridge, completed about the same time, and built of similar materials.* The whole structure was surrounded by a moat about 52 feet broad, and ten feet deep, supplied with water by a small brook ; and the entrance was protected by a stately tower, one of the noblest specimens of the domestic architecture of the fifteenth century, which for- tunately remains in a very perfect state, and forms the subject of the following Plates, t Plate I.— Elevation and Section of the North Front of the Entrance Tower. The outward front of this stately pile is distinguished by two octangular turrets, standing forward with a deep and bold projection, and rising immedi- ately from the moat, to the height of almost 80 feet, producing a very striking effect when viewed in perspective.^ The approach to the gates at present is by a bridge of three arches ; but originally a draw-bridge is supposed to have crossed the moat. The turret on the right hand is occupied by a spiral flight of steps, arched and constructed entirely with brick, and lighted by loop-holes in form of quatrefoils. The other turret contains four closets or small rooms, of which the one on the ground-floor has only narrow loop- holes, but the two next above it are lighted by small windows of a very neat form, one in each face of the turret. The two large windows over the ' Thi- college was founded by Margaret of Anjou, tlie intrepid consort of Henry VI., the first stone being laid in 1448. The troubles of her husband’s unfortunate reign prevented the foundress from com- plrtiiig the College; but her design was adopted by Elizabeth, the queen of Edward IV., and by her ;i i taijco, and the contributions of other benefactors, the whole was finished within about fortj r years from foundation. Queen’s College was constructed of brick, with a tower over the chief entrance ; but the apartments have been mostly altered or rebuilt. j The rector’s mansion at Hadleigh, in Suffolk, has a turreted gatehouse, built of brick in a similar - 1 \ ] e to this, but of inferior elevation. It was erected by Dr. William Pykenham, archdeacon of Suffolk, < to the Bishop of Norwich, and rector of the church of Hadleigh. He also built a stately residence f- 1 r him <]f and his successors, the archdeacons of Suffolk, at Ipswich, in 1471 ; and an alms-house at Hadleigh in 1497. S' e “ Lithographic Views illustrative of the Examples of Gothic Architecture.” OXBOEOUGH HALL, NORFOLK. 47 gate give light to the principal chambers ; ancl the arch above the upper- most window supports the parapet, which is detached from the main wall, apparently for the purpose of a machicollation. # In the square turret attached to the eastern side of the main building, is a secret recess or cell, just large enough for a man to stand up or lie down in it. The entrance is concealed by a trap-door in the pavement of a closet over it, so ingeniously contrived as not to be visible when shut. This place was undoubtedly made for the occasional retreat of a priest, during the persecution carried on under the penal laws against Catholics. Another such secret closet is said to have been found under a chimney, when the rooms on the opposite side of the court were pulled down, f Plate II. — Octangular Turret on the South-east Angle of the Tower. The quoins of the tower, on the side next to the court, are plain and square, as high as the setting on of the parapet, where two turrets are placed, of similar plan to those on the outside, but of much smaller size. An elevation of one of these turrets is here delineated, together wdth part of the adjoining parapet and battlements ; of which a section is also given. The plan is taken at the line marked B, shewing the breadth of the cruciform loop-holes, intended for reconnoitring or shooting at an assailant. A part of the corbels and little arches, which support the parapet at A, has been also drawn on a large scale, with a corresponding section. In all these details a careful regard to consistency of style is observable, nothing being- left imperfect or unfinished ; and the design of the battlements is particularly remarkable for its elegance. The square openings between the corbels and in the panels of the turrets, seem to have been no more than scaffold-holes, made for the use of the builders, but so placed as to become ornamental. * See the explanation of Machecoulis, in the Glossary appended to the “ Specimens of Gothic Architecture.” f The houses of Catholic families were commonly provided with several such hiding-places, in which a priest might be concealed during any sudden visit from the officers called poursuivants, who used frequently to harass them with vigorous searches. Many of these were constructed by a religious man named John Owen, or “Little John,” who, being apprehended in the year 1606, was so cruelly racked in the Tower of London, that he died in a short time after lie was taken from the torture.— See “Challoner’s Memoirs of Missionary Priests,” 2 vols. 8vo, 1742; reprinted at Manchester, 1803: an authentic and most curious piece of history. Charles II. was hidden in such secret closets at Boscobel and Moseley, in Staffordshire, after the fatal battle of Worcester, a.d. 1651, when his life was saved by the care of F. Huddlestone. 48 OXJBOROUGH HALL, NORFOLK. Plate TIL — Section and Two Plans of the Entrance Tower. No. 1. This section passes through the centre of the inner and outer gateways, shewing the thickness of the walls, and the projection of the turrets, &c. No. 2. The ground-plan gives the dimensions of the central passage, and the porters’ lodges on each side of it ; together with the forms of the ceilings, which are arched with brick-work, and decorated with ribs. No. 3. Is a plan of the chamber on the first floor, which is a spacious room of very interesting appearance, being preserved in its original state, and retaining the name of “The King’s Chamber.” In this apartment King Henry VII. is said to have lodged, when on a visit to Sir Henry Bedingfield, to whom he granted three manors in Yorkshire, in reward of his faithful service against the rebels who were defeated at the battle of Stoke, near Newark-upon-Trent, in June, a.d. 1487. The floor is paved with small bricks, the ceiling is divided into squares by moulded oaken beams, and the walls are hung with fine old tapestry. Plate IV. — Elevation of the South Front of the Entrance Tower, with Two Plans. Fig. 1 . The inner front possesses little of that bold and castellated appearance which distinguishes the outside ; the flat wall being only relieved by two semi -octagonal turrets, which serve as bay-windows to the porters’ lodges, and the large chambers above them. The projection of these bay- windows is shewn in a plan placed beneath the elevation. Fig. 2. gives a plan of the roof, with the battlements, turrets, and chimneys. 'Flic shafts of the chimneys were octagonal, and set in pairs on each side, but have been cut oft' just above the base mouldings, being the only parts that arc wanting to complete the design. Fig. 3. 'I’lic plan of the whole structure, which has been already noticed in the general description of the house. Plate V. — Details of Ornamental Parts in the North Front. No. 1. On at re -foil oeillet, or loop-hole, in one of the turrets, with the arched panel in which it is recessed. No. 2. Section of the same. No. 3. Loop-hole in form of a cross. WOLTERTON HALL, NORFOLK. 49 No. 4. Section of the same. These loop-holes were so placed in the sides of the eastern turret as to overlook the immediate approach to the gates, and by this means the porter might examine strangers before he gave them admittance. No. 5. Section of mouldings in the arcli of the gateway. No. 6. Elevation of part of the window of the lower chamber. A. Section of a mullion and jamb of the same window. B. Section of mullions in the head of one of the lower lights. The general form of this window is very nearly square, and is simple, and well adapted to domestic architecture. The rising of the two little arches in the middle of the window, above those in the two outside lights, produces a pleasing effect. The upper window is smaller than this, but corresponds to it in the general style. WOLTERTON, or EAST BASHAM, HALL, NORFOLK. It is much to be regretted that this curious fabric should have fallen into ruins before any complete description, or representation, of it had been made ; for it exhibits an extraordinary specimen of skilful workmanship in brick.* The words of the poet, “ materiam superabat opus,” may be truly spoken of it. Blomefield, the historian of Norfolk, found East Basham Hall “ very much decayed and ruinous ” when he visited it, about a century ago ; and since that time it has suffered so much farther decay, that more than half of the house is now roofless, and reduced to broken walls, while the other part, though still kept in a habitable state, has been defaced and mutilated in such a manner that its original form cannot be exactly made out. * Wolterton Hall, as it is sometimes called, from tlie name of the manor in which it stands, within the parish of East Basham or Barsham, was brought into public notice by a plan and some views published in the “Vetusta Monumenta,” vol. iv. from drawings made by John Adey Repton, F.S.A., in 1808, with a descriptive account. Two other views, with a short account, were published about the same time in Britton’s “Architectural Antiquities,” vol. ii. It has since been regarded as one of the richest examples of ornamented brick-work in the kingdom, and some of its details have been copied in more than one modern mansion. H 50 WOLTERTON HALL, NORFOLK. The building appears to have been begun by Sir Henry Fermor, Knt. in the reign of Henry VII., after he had become possessed of the manor by marriage with an heiress of the family of Wode, or Wood. Sir William Fermor carried on the work begun by his father, and completed it in the reign of Henry VIII. ; but, from a date observed by Blomefielcl, it would seem that nearly forty years elapsed before the whole was finished. If this supposition be true, an older mansion probably stood on the same ground, which was pulled down by parts, and gradually rebuilt ; and that might occasion the irregularity of the present structure. The founder’s family continued in possession of the house above a century after its erection ; when, in the reign of Charles I., it descended to that of Caltliorpe. Sir Christopher Caltliorpe, Knight of the Bath, resided here in the reign of Charles II. ; but, by the failure of male issue, another change of proprietors took place, and East Basham passed to two co-heiresses, of whom Anne, daughter of Sir Christopher Calthorpe, was married to Sir Thomas L’Estrange of Hunstanton, Bart., and Elizabeth died unmarried. From this period, the house probably became neglected, and fell into decay ; for Sir Thomas L’Estrange continued to reside at his paternal mansion* after he had become possessed of the whole property of East Basham. The family of L’Estrange being extinct on the death of Sir Henry, the last baronet, in 1760, Sir Jacob Astley, Bart., of Melton Constable, inherited East Basham through a marriage with Lucy, daughter to Sir Nicholas, and sister to Sir Thomas L’Estrange ; and so it has descended to Sir Jacob Astley, Bart, the present possessor. East Basham is situated between the towns of Walsingham and Faken- ham, about ten miles from the sea-coast. The house stood very comfortably, with its front towards the south, and was well sheltered at the back by hills. The architecture was of a style purely domestic, without any pretensions to the character of a castle ;t nevertheless, it must have been a stately and * Hunstanton Hall, in the same county, which had for many centuries been the seat of the family of L’Estrange, has yielded in its turn to a similar fate with that of East Basham, and is going to ruin. It has been a noble pile, of a quadrangular form, chiefly erected about the end of the fifteenth century. f At present there are no traces of a moat ; but that defence was so universally added to country mansions in ancient times, where the circumstances of the place would allow it, that probably there may have been one here, which was filled up and levelled after its protection was no longer deemed necessary. WOLTEETON HALL, NORFOLK. 51 commodious dwelling when perfect, and the beauty of its ornaments excites our regret that no better care has been taken for their preservation. Plate I. — The plan, though drawn on a very small scale, will explain the distribution of the principal rooms on the ground-floor, to which the names are attached with letters of reference. The elevation is intended to give an idea of the principal front as it originally existed ; the parts that are actually destroyed being filled up in conformity with those that remain perfect. The whole line of the front extends to the length of 140 feet, and is irregularly divided into seven compartments, of which the porch forms the centre. The front door opened into the hall, which is totally ruined: it measured 41 feet by 22, and was covered by a flat ceiling, at the height of 1G feet. A passage from the lower end of the hall led to the kitchen and other rooms, which are now subdivided, and occupied as a farm-house ; and at the upper end is a spacious chimney, which seems a variation from the usual plan of such apartments. On the south side is a square projection, lighted by a broad bay-window; and between this and the porch is another window, of smaller size. The rooms on the north side of the hall are pulled down to the ground, and very little remains standing of the parlour adjoining the west end, which measured about 23 feet by 21-^, and had a bay-window looking over a bowling-green, of which the recess was 9^ feet wide, and 7 ^ in projection. The front of this room has been demolished, but appears restored in the Plate, uniformly with that of the hall and adjoining parts. As the following Plates represent the principal portions of the building in detail, no more seems necessary to be added to the general description, than to observe that the walls were constructed with brick, of which material most of the mouldings and ornaments were very curiously formed, and the roofs were covered with tiles . * Plate II. — South Front of the Gate-house. The principal front of the mansion was enclosed by a court, with a gate- house in the centre, opposite to the porch over the hall door. On each side of the gate-house was a range of narrow buildings, for a porter’s lodge and other offices, of which the external walls were pierced with narrow loop-holes, four on each side, intended for defence, if necessary. These offices have been destroyed ; but the gate-house is standing, and its place * The roof over the parlour, beyond the great chimney at the west end of the hall, appears to have been flat, and covered with lead ; hut this may admit of doubt. 52 WOLTERTON HALL, NORFOLK. is marked in the general plan, a. A larger plan of the entrance is inserted in the Plate now under consideration. The elevation of the south side has been richly decorated, according to the latest fashion of the Gothic or Pointed style of architecture. Over the great arch are the royal arms of Henry VII L, with the proper supporters, a griffin and a lion, of a large size. On two smaller shields are the arms of Fermor, impaled with those of Stapleton and another family: and a third shield, over the chamber window, bears the arms of Fermor alone. On the sides of the entrance are statues nearly of the size of life, now so much broken that their forms are hardly to be distinguished. Blomefield calls them “ two wild, men, or giants , as janitors, armed with clubs. ” These figures, as well as the king’s arms and supporters, are carved in brick ; but the jambs of the gate, and some other parts, are of chalk-stone. The rest of the materials are brick ; the ornaments being cast in moulds, and then burned. The elevation is here represented in a perfect state, though the turrets have been broken down, and the parapet much mutilated, but repaired a few years since in an inferior style of work- manship to the original. # Plate III. — North Front of the Gate-house. The inner front of the gate-house resembles the other in its general outlines, but has less of ornamental details. In the spandrils of the great arch are two shields bearing the arms of Fermor singly, and Fermor impaled with those of Knevet and other families. These elevations display great elegance, and are perfectly free from that incongruous admixture with details of the Italian style, which is found in many buildings of the reign of Henry VIII. The roof of the gateway is not vaulted, but only covered by the floor of the chamber over it, which is approached by a staircase in a turret attached to the west side. The arch of the outward front was originally closed by a pair of gates, which have been taken away ; but there was no portcullis, nor any other means of defence. * The view of this gate-house, inserted in Britton’s “ Architectural Antiquities,” vol. ii. p. 92, shews the mutilated state of the battlements and turrets in the year 1807 : and the plates in “ Vetusta Monumenta,” vol. iv., do the same. Of the turrets only one remained standing on the gate-house ; viz. that on the north- east angle : it is given at large in Plate VII. No. 2. WOLTERTON HALL, NORFOLK. 53 Plate IV. — South Porch of East Basham Hall. This porch forms the principal entrance to the house, the door opening directly into the hall. The date of its erection is fixed to a certain period, by the arms of King Henry VII., distinguished by the supporters, a griffin and a greyhound, and his badge, the portcullis.* A smaller shield, beneath the royal arms, is supported by an angel ; and on two others, in the spandrils of the arch, are the arms of Fermor without any impalement. The elevation is here restored to its original appearance, although the upper parts have been much injured, and the roof reduced to a shed or lean-to. It is altogether of a o;ood design, but seems rather at variance with the other details of the front in its arched window, and the high point of the arch in the doorway. The plan is shewn separately, and also some details of mouldings, &c. which are described on the Plate. Plate V.— Bay-window of the Hall, &c. The hall of this mansion did not form a distinct house , t but was merely a spacious room, having other apartments over it, not distinguished externally from the general mass of building. On the south side was a spacious recess of an oblong plan, lighted by a bay-window, represented in this Plate. This window was richly embellished with stained glass, of which nothing now remains but the description recorded in Blomefield’s “History of Norfolk.” The Latin motto, “ ‘UutuiCTS JFortuna jubat/’J was repeated several times on * All the English sovereigns from Richard II., who was the first that added supporters to his arms, down to James I., who introduced the unicorn of Scotland as a companion to the lion of England, adopted different supporters. Henry VII. used a red dragon, the ensign of Cadwallader, the last king of the Britons, from whom he claimed descent ; and a white greyhound, in right of his queen, Elizabeth of York, she being descended from the family of Nevile, to which it belonged. The portcullis was borne by him in right of his mother, who was of the house of Beaufort. Henry VIII. supported his arms with a dragon and a greyhound, the same as his father had done, in the beginning of his reign ; but afterwards laid aside the greyhound, and adopted a lion, which all the succeeding sovereigns have retained. f The term house was formerly applied to any portion of a large building which had a separate roof, in which sense we find the word used in many old surveys. See the “ Glossary ” appended to “ Specimens of Gothic Architecture.” In this sense the halls of Eltham and Croydon palaces formed houses. t “Fortune favours the bold.” 54 WOLTERTON HALL, NORFOLK. scrolls ; and the following arms were emblazoned in the six lights, which make up the breadth of the window : — • Howard, Duke of Norfolk, quartering Brother ton. Earl Warren, and Moubray, in a garter. Percy, Earl of Northumberland, with his quartering.? ; viz., Lucy, Poynings, Fitzpane, Bryan, &c. in a garter. Knevet, quartering Cromwell, Tatteshall, Clifton, Basset, &c. Argent, on a pale sable, a conger’s head, for Lucee or Gascoine. Also, Barry of six argent and gules ; and the date of 1 538.* The narrow window belonged to a closet that opened into the parlour, of which only a few fragments remain, barely sufficient to shew its dimensions.! The window above this gave light to another closet, and the larger window into a great chamber over the hall, which Blomefield calls the “nursery.” This room was wainscoted with panels, on which were carved “ heads of men and women in antique dresses ; ” and under the heads of one man and woman were the arms of Fermor and Wood, and under others Fermor and Knevet, Yelverton and Fermor, and Berney and Fermor. J All these decorations have long since perished, together with the roof and floor of the chamber. The ornamental frieze over the upper window is filled with the arms of Stapleton, a lion rampant, the royal badge of the rose, and male and female heads ; all curiously moulded in brick. Similar ornaments appear * Besides the arms here mentioned, Mr. Gongh informs ns, that, “In a window of this house were formerly the armorial pedigree and alliances of the family of Calthorpe, from the conquest to tire middle of the last century (seventeenth), contained in between fifty and sixty diamond-shaped panes of painted glass, neatly executed. They are most of them entire, and are placed in a bow- window in the library of Sir John Fenn, at East Dereham, who married a lady descended from this family . ” — Additions to Camden’s Britannia, vol. ii. p. 196 ; 2d edition, 1806. t The great parlour appears, from Blomefield’s account, to have been richly decorated with carved work and painted glass. In the window were the arms of Fermor, impaled with those of the family of Wood, the preceding lords of the manor ; viz., argent a saltire between four staples sable. Also Fermor impaling Stapleton ; Berney impaling Fermor ; Yelverton and Fermor. On the chimney-piece were- the arms of Fermor impaling Knevet, with his quarterings ; and also impaling Coote, &c., with this motto, ‘ffiFovtiov cst qut s c, quam Qut fovfissHma burnt.” “ He is a braver man who overcomes himself, than he who conquers the strongest towns.” See the “Proverbs of Solomon,” chap, xvi. v. 32, where the same sentiment is expressed in almost parallel terms. On a piece of oak in the centre of the ceiling were carved the quinque viilnera, or five wounds of Christ, and round them this sentence, “ 2Ttjc passion of €5oO fjcip me ! ” X These antique heads were probably of a similar description to some in the parsonage-house at Great Snoring. — (See the Plates.) Such grotesque portraits, generally in profile, were very fashionable among the decorations of architecture in the sixteenth century. WOLTERTON HALL, NORFOLK. 00 over the lower windows, placed alternately in panels. The turret, or buttress at the angle, is decorated with the like armorial bearings, and in the upper part with capital letters, all formed of moulded brick. # Plate VI. — The tower exhibited in this Plate forms the most striking O feature of the whole house, and is a curious piece of architecture. It contains three rooms, of which the two lowest are covered with vaulted roofs of brick, ribbed and groined. The heights and other dimensions of these rooms are shewn in the section, which passes through the centre of the tower from front to back. The plan belongs to the second room, from which a spiral staircase, in the turret at the south-east angle, leads up to the third room, where there is a fire-place, shewn in the section. Undoubtedly this tower was intended for some important purpose, though it may not be easy to ascertain what that purpose was. The middle chamber might be constructed for the safe keeping of the family evidences, title-deeds, money, jewels, and other valuable effects, being strongly arched and floored with brick ; and the upper room was probably a library or studying chamber.! The elevation of this tower above the surrounding buildings would also fit it for the use o o of keeping watch during the time of any disturbance in the country, and for setting up a beacon ; these precautions being commonly practised even in later times than when East Basham Hall was built. J Plate VII. — No. 1. gives an elevation of a turret at the east end of the O south front, with a plan shewing its form and breadth in two different parts, and also the manner in which the bricks are put together. * These letters are scattered over various parts of the house, among them we find H. R., for Henricus Rex; E. R., for Elizabetha Regina; also the letters B.M. P. V. T. &c. t At the top of one of the towers of Wressil Castle, a seat of the Lord Percy, “was a Study caullid Paradise .” — Leland’s Itinerary, vol. i. fol. 59. At Leckinfield, another residence of the same nobleman, Leland also saw “ a little studying Chaumber caullid Paradise.” A chamber in the upper story of a tower at Stanton-Harcourt, county Oxon, formerly the residence of the ancient family of Harcourt, is still shewn to the admirers of Pope as the study in which he composed some books of his Homer. t Hengrave Hall, Suffolk, a very fine specimen of contemporary architecture, had also a tower, which was pulled down, with some other parts, in 1775. Beacons were commonly set on the towers of churches, as well as on those of castles and mansions, so late as the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 56 WOLTERTON HALL, NORFOLK. No. 2. exhibits a similar turret on the north-east angle of the gate-house, with two plans corresponding to the elevation. * These turrets, or pinnacles, for they may be called by either name, must have been highly ornamental to the building in a general view, though it may be questioned whether they were designed in accordance with good taste. They nearly resembled the tunnels of chimneys in shape and size, but wanted the character of usefulness which makes a chimney appear proper to a domestic edifice. The same objection may be extended to the octagonal buttresses which are attached to the quoins of the building : they are like turrets rather than buttresses, yet are too narrow to admit of any internal space, and therefore seem to possess no proper character either as turrets or buttresses. These observations are submitted to the consideration of architects, without any wish to put forth positive opinions on a question of taste. Plate VIII. — Details of the South Front of the Gate-house. No. 1. Elevation of part of the embattled parapet, and of the ornamental string-course under it, with a section of the same. No. 2. Part of the frieze, or string-course, under the chamber-window. No. 3. The springing of the arch over the gateway, on the left hand, with the canopy over the head of one of the “janitors.” No. 4. Two portions of one of the turrets are here given at large, shewing the forms and projections of the mouldings. No. 5. The mouldings of the jambs, mullion, and sill of the window, are shewn above the figure 5 ; and beneath it the section, &c. of a jamb of the gateway. All these details display an excellent taste. Plate IX. — Elevation and Plan of a Stack of Chimneys. These chimneys are built upon the western gable of the hall, to which two of the tunnels belonged ; two others were appropriated to the chamber * All the turrets of the house have been broken down to the bases of the upper parts, excepting one at the eastern angle of the front; but some of them have been replaced by substitutes of modern work. The original one is here represented; the others, of the larger size, are restored in the Plates, in conformity with it; and the smaller ones from that on the north-east angle of the gate-house, the only original one remaining out of four. WOLTERTON HALL, NORFOLK. 57 over the hall, two to the parlour, two to the chamber above it, and the other two to fire-places in the garrets.* Such a large group of chimneys is scarcely to be seen in any other building of this date, and the richness of their ornaments is quite extraordinary. Some of the projecting mouldings on the top have fallen to decay, but the other parts remain perfect. Plate X. — Ornaments on the Great Stack of Chimneys. The tunnels of these chimneys are of a cylindrical form, composed of tiles moulded for the purpose, the ornaments upon them displaying five different patterns, all of which are here given at large. The plinth on which the tunnels stand is adorned with the arms of Stapleton and Wood, the royal badge of the rose, and two busts, which perhaps were intended to represent King Henry VII. and his queen, Elizabeth of York. Plate XI. — Details of the North Front of the Gate-house, and OTHER PARTS. No. 1. represents the frieze, or string-course, in the middle of the north front of the gate-house. No. 2. Cornice under the parapet of the tower in the south front of the house. — See Plate VI. No. 3. Tracery in small panels on the turrets of the tower. — See Plate VII. No. 1. No. 4. Frieze, or string-course, running along the middle of the south front. — (See Plate V.) The arms belonged to the families of Wood and Stapleton ; and the spaces between the panels are charged with roses and heads alternately. No. 5. One of the shields which decorate the spandrils of the north arch of the gate-house. The arms are those of Fermor with an impalement. No. 6. A part of the tracery on a turret of the south front of the house is here given at large. — (See No. 1. in Plate VII.) The spaces between the mouldings are filled with roses and lions’ heads formed of moulded tiles. * The chimneys of halls, kitchens, and other apartments where large fires were wanted, had commonly two tunnels, and sometimes more. In the hall at Chillington there were no fewer than eight tunnels to one hearth. — Plot’s Staffordshire , p. 359. I 58 THORPLAND HALL, NORFOLK. Plate XII. — Details of the Tower and Porch of East Basham Hall. No. 1. shews part of the window in the middle room of the tower. — See Plate VI. No. 2. gives a part of the window in the lower room of the tower. The mullions, jambs, &c. of these windows are composed of bricks. No. 3. A portion of the mouldings and tracery in front of the middle story of the tower is here given at large. The position of these ornaments is shewn in the elevation on Plate VI., where the projection of the window, supported by the mouldings over the tracery, is also shewn in the section of the tower. The heads are similar to those on the great chimney and other parts of the house. No. 4. shews one jamb of the doorway to the porch, with sections of the mouldings both in the arch and jamb, and the little columns on each side. See the elevation of the porch in Plate IV. THORPLAND HALL, NORFOLK. Thorpland adjoins to East Basham, but is a hamlet of the town of Fakenham, from which it lies distant about two miles. IT ere was formerly a chapel, dedicated to St. Thomas, which was subject to the rectory of Fakenham, Thorpland being a member of the same parish. We learn from Blomefi eld’s history that the manor belonged to the family of Fermor in the sixteenth century ; and that, in the reign of Elizabeth, it was held in fee-farm of the Duchy of Lancaster, by Thomas Fermor, Escp Thorpland, as well as East Basham, afterwards came into the possession of the Calthorpes ; and some letters of Sir Christopher Calthorpe are dated from Thorpland Hall in the year 1680. There can lie very little doubt that Thorpland Hall w^as erected by some of the Fermors. It is evidently of the same date as East Basham Hall, and might be intended for the jointure-house of a widow, or the residence of a younger branch of the family. The inferiority of the house at Thorpland THORPLAND HALL, NORFOLK. 59 to that of East Basham puts all comparison out of question, excepting only the details. Still, it is a valuable example of its class, as it remains in a very perfect state, and exhibits several architectural' members well suited to modern imitation. Plate I.— Principal Front of Thorpland Hall. The outlines of the front deviate but little from uniformity, although the porch is not exactly in the centre. The windows are rather irregular, but are all remarkably plain, being merely divided by mullions into square- headed compartments.* The eave of the roof seems to have lost its original finishing, for we can hardly suppose it to have been left in the naked form in which it is now seen. There is no appearance of there ever having been battlements, or a parapet ; but there might be a cornice composed of plaster with curved ribs of wood, a common ornament to the roofs of houses of this style. The plain forms of the other parts are strongly contrasted with the style of the chimneys, on which the utmost pains have been expended, quite contrary to the practice of modern times. The walls of the house are composed of flints, with brick- work in the chimneys, quoins, &c., and stone in the window-frames. Plate II.— Details of Chimneys, Gable, and other Parts. No. 1. The tunnels of these chimneys are composed of moulded tiles, on each of which is impressed a lion rampant, probably in allusion to the arms of Stapleton, or the heraldic figure called the fleur-de-lis. A third variety of ornament was formed by a sort of trellis in lozenges ; and different patterns occur on some other of the chimneys. No. 2. The plan of the chimneys is here shewn at large, with the curves formed in their capitals, and the octagonal lines of their bases. No. 3. One end of the house is here given entire, with a section of the chimneys and gable. The composition of this part is altogether good ; the * This plainness in the forms of windows became common in the middle of the sixteenth century, and was generally used during the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. In the earlier examples, each light had commonly a small arch in the head, which added much to the ornamental appearance of a window. At East Basham we find both these varieties, and their contrasted effects are- very striking. 60 PARSONAGE-HOUSE, GREAT SNORING, NORFOLK. octagonal buttresses are remarkably neat ; and the chimneys are beautiful. Fig. A. shews one of the pinnacles of the gable at large ; the plan of the same is given at B ; and a section of the coping at C. Plate III. — Front Porch of Thorpland PIall. No. 1. Elevation of the door and the lower part of the porch, over which is a small chamber. No. 2. Section of the same, taken in the centre, through the whole projection, shewing one of the benches on the sides. No. 3. Plan of the porch. The door is hung in a massy frame of oak, moulded in a corresponding style with the masonry. The original door remains unaltered, and retains the old knocker and handle. The door itself is quite plain. No. 4. gives the plan of one jamb of the front arch, and an elevation of the same, as it appears within the doorway. All these details are worthy of examination, in order to a complete knowledge of our old domestic architecture, of which the remains are every day growing more and more rare. THE PARSONAGE-HOUSE, AT GREAT SNORING, NORFOLK. This village of Great Snoring is situated in the immediate vicinity of East Basham and Thorpland, and exhibits another remarkable piece of ancient domestic architecture, in the rectory, or parsonage-house, here represented. The peculiar style of the building shews it to have been erected in the reign of Henry VIII.; and from the shells and tuns carved on the windows and other parts, we may infer that its founder was of the family of Shelton, such quaint devices being often seen in buildings of that period. The manor of Snoring came into the possession of Sir Ralph Shelton, of Shelton, in Norfolk, on the death of his cousin, Hugh de Burgolyon, in the reign of Edward III. It continued in the same family until the year PARSONAGE-HOUSE, GREAT SNORING, NORFOLK. 61 1611, when Sir Ralph Shelton sold the lordship to Thomas Richardson, sergeant-at-law, and afterwards lord chief justice of the King’s Bench. This Sir Ralph Shelton was killed at the Isle of Rhe, in France, a.d. 1628 ; and leaving no issue, his family became extinct. Plate I. — South Front, AVindow, and Details of Ornaments. This curious structure being mutilated and altered in different parts, much of its original design cannot be made out. The elevation represents the south front, with a turret at the south-east angle ; beyond which another line of front extends towards a second turret. The ruins of one or two other turrets are said to have been visible within memory, but these are now entirely obliterated. The two fronts do not stand at a right angle, but obliquely, as if the building, when complete, had formed a polygon of five sides ; but whether this singular plan was actually executed or not, it is now impossible to discover. The walls of this house are constructed of brick, and the ornaments are formed of tiles, very curiously moulded and fitted to their respective situations. The first and second stories are distinguished by friezes, somewhat similar to those on the front of East Basham Hall, though differently ornamented. The upper parts of the turrets are covered witli tracery of very elegant style ; but, unfortunately, they both have lost their original terminations, so that it cannot be determined whether they had spires, pinnacles, or battlements, on the top. The chimney has been broken off, and afterwards rebuilt in a plain manner; and the door and lower windows are blocked up. The windows of the chamber story are remarkably handsome, though of very moderate dimensions. One of them is shewn at large in Fig. 2. The jambs and head are ornamented with a hollow moulding, studded with shells and tuns placed alternately, forming a rebus on the name of Shelton. Fig. 3. A portion of the upper frieze is here displayed at large, with a section of the mouldings. In this frieze, the heads, and the ornaments around them, partake of Italian taste. The larger portraits only exhibit profiles of a man and woman, many times repeated. The string-courses, above and below these heads, are filled with very small and delicate ornaments. # * The “antiqire heads” described by Mr. Blomefield in one of the rooms of East Basham Hall probably were of this description. — See page 54. 62 PARSONAGE-HOUSE, GREAT SNORING, NORFOLK. Plate II. — Door, and other Details. No. 1. This door is a very curious piece of workmanship, evidently of a date coeval with the architecture of the house. The panels are all richly carved, the small one in the centre bearing the shell and tun, in allusion to the founder’s name ; with MjC on one side, and JHa conjoined on the other, the abbreviations of Jesus and Mary ; shewing it to be of earlier date than the change of religion . * No. 2. One of the small niches at the angles of the turret is here shewn at large, with horizontal sections taken at different heights. No. 3. Tracery on the turret, in the lower compartment, with the mouldings at the bottom of the panels. No. 4. Tracery in the upper part of the turret. No. 5. Part of the frieze surrounding the turret, with a section of the same.! The string-course above the panels is similar to that on the bottom of the upper frieze, the hollow moulding being filled with small shields, each charged with a cross, and supported by two dogs. The bottom string-course bears the letters 31jC and fH, similar to those on the door. No. 6. gives the panels on the base of the chimney, and a section of the string-course over them, at large. * Tlie larger panels are carved in nearly the same pattern as some in the room of Beddington Manor House, Surrey, the ancient seat of the Carew family. — See Pugin’s “Gothic Ornaments.” There is also a resemblance to the tracery on the outward front of the gate-house at East Basham, above the chamber window. f The lower frieze at East Basham is of similar style to this, but does not extend across the turrets or buttresses of the front. — See Plates I. V. &c. INDEX. A All Souls’ College, Oxford, account of, 6, 7, 8 ; with four Plates. I. entrance, 7 ; pi. x. II. chapel, 7 ; pi. xii. III. groined roof, 8 ; pi. xi. IY. — - stalls, tracery of, 8 ; pi. xiii. Armorial devices at Magdalen College, 13, 14. at Beddington Hall, 25. - — at Croydon Palace, 28, 29. — at Eltham Palace, 37, 40. Arms in the bay-window of Balliol College, 4. on Magdalen College Chapel, 13. at Brazennose College, 19. in Beddington Church, 25. in ditto Manor House, 25. in Croydon Palace, 28, 29. at East Basham Hall, 53, 54, 57. at Tliorpland Hall, 59. B Balliol College, Oxford, account of, 4, 5 ; with two Plates. I. oriel-window, 5 ; pi. vi. II. ditto, 5 ; pi. vii. Basham Hall ; see Wolterton. Beddington Church, Surrey, account of, with two Plates, 24. I. screen in the chancel, 24 ; pi. xxxv. II. tomb of Sir Bichard Carew, 24 ; pi. xxxvi. Beddington Manor House, account of, 25. curious lock, 25, 26 ; pi. xxxvii. Bells of Merton College, 2. | C ChicheB, Archbp. notices of his life and works, 6. Chimney, curious, at Magdalen College, Ox- ford, 15. with ten tunnels, at East Basham Hall, 56, 57. at Thorpland Hall, 59. in halls and kitchens, 57.* Cloisters of New College, Oxford, 5. Crosby Hall, London, 38, 39. Croydon Palace, Surrey, account of, with three Plates, 26, 27, 28, 29. I. section of the hall, 27, 28 ; pi. xxxviii. II. ditto, and details, 28 ; pi. xxxix. III. — bay-window, 29 ; pi. xl. Chapel of Croydon Palace, account of, with two Plates, 29, 30. I. section and plan, 30. II. details and section, 30. Chestnut timber, 41. f Closets, for concealing priests, in the mansions of Catholic families, 47. f Christian Architecture, a new term, xviii. D Domestic architecture, the Early Pointed , or Lancet style, ill adapted to it, x. 64 INDEX. E Epitaph of Sir Richard Carew, 24. English Architecture, a term improperly applied, xvi. E Fakenham Church, Norfolk, account of, with two Plates, 44. I. western door, 44 ; pi. 1. II. niche, and details, 44 ; pi. li. Fires, manner of placing them in ancient halls, 37. Folded scrolls, or drapery, carved on panels ; temp. Hen. VIII., 23. G Glass, stained, in Merton College Chapel, 3, , formerly at East Basham Hall, Nor- folk, 53, 54. Gothic architecture, defects of modern practice, xii. in France and Germany, xvi. xvii. — usage of the term Gothic justified, xvii.|| Id Hadleigh, Suffolk, tower, 46. f Halls, dimensions of several, 36. j Height of domestic buildings before the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 16. House, a term used for part of any large build- ing, 53. f Ilengrave Hall, Suffolk, 45. I Inigo Jones, his incompetence in Gothic archi- tecture, xiv. employed at St. John’s College, Ox- ford, 9.* Inscription on a door in St. Alban’s Abbey, 23. on a tomb at Beddington, 24. in the hall of Croydon Palace, 28. in East Basham Hall, 53, 54. Irregularity of ancient buildings, 17. K King, Edward, Esq. allusion to, 35. t L Label, or hood-mould, term used by the old masons, 14.* Langley, B., author of a work on Gothic archi- tecture, xii.* Loop-holes at Oxborough Hall, 48 ; pi. lvi. M Magdalen College, Oxford, account of, 10, 11, 12; with ten Plates, viz. entrance, title-page. I. porch of the chapel, 12 ; pi. xvii. II. sections of ditto, 13 ; pi. xviii. III. details of ditto, 13 ; pi. xix. IV. part of the chapel, 14; pi. xx. V. chimney and turret, 1 5 ; pi. xxi. VI. oriel-window, 15 ; pi. xxii. VII. entrance tower, 16, 17 ; pi. xxiii. and xx iv. VII., VIII. details of ditto, 17, 18; pi. xxv. IX. Mouldings, &c. 18 ; pi. xxvi. Merton College, Oxford, account of, 1, 2 ; with four Plates,, viz. I. part of the chapel, 2, 3 ; pi. ii. II. north doorway, 3 ; pi. iii. III. stained glass, 3 ; pi. iv. IV. part of chancel, 3, 4 ; pi. v. Merton College Chapel, tracery on the ancient stalls, 10; pi. xvi. No. 2. N New College, Oxford, account of, 5 ; with two Plates ; viz. I. part of cloisters, 5, 6 ; pi. viii. II. details of the chapel, 6 ; pi. ix. 0 Oxborough Hall, Norfolk, description of, with five Plates, 45-49. I. outward front, 46 ; pi. Iii. INDEX. 65 II. Oxborough Hall, turret and details, 47 ; pi. liii. III. section and plans, 48 ; pi. liv. IV. inward front, 48 ; pi. lv. Y. window, and details, 49 ; pi. lvi. P Pendent spandrils in vaulted roofs, notices of some, 9.* Pendents in the roof of Eltham Hall, 41. Pews in churches, ill effects of, 42. Plaster, modern use of, instead of stone, 8, 15. instead of oak, 43. Pointed arches, compound and simple, defined, 39. Porch, original purposes of, when attached to a church, 21. Purgatory, sculpture of, at All Souls’ College, 7. E Eebus on the name of Shelton, 60, 62. Eichmond Palace, notice of, 36. f Eoof of All Souls’ College Chapel, 7. of Magdalen College Chapel, 15. of Eltham Palace Hall described, 39, 40, 41. of Oxborough Hall, destroyed, 45. S St. Alban’s Abbey, Herts, account of ; with one Plate, 23. doors of chapels, 23 ; pi. xxxiv. St. John’s College, Oxford, account of, 8, 9 ; with three Plates : viz. I. entrance tower, 9 ; pi. xiv. II. vaulted roof, 9, 10 ; pi. xv. III. tracery of doors, 10 ; pi. xvi. St. Katharine’s Hospital, London, account of, 22, 23 ; with one Plate. canopy of a stall, 22, 23 ; pi. xxxiii. St. Mary’s Church, Oxford, account of, 21 ; with three Plates. I. part of the nave, 21 ; pi. xxx. II. parts of the choir, 21 ; pi. xxxi. III. stalls in the choir, 22 ; pi. xxxii. St. Peter’s in the East, Oxford, account of that church, 19, 20 ; with two Plates. I. south porch, 20 ; pi. xxviii. II. section, and plan, 20, 21 ; pi. xxix. Snoring, Great, Norfolk, account of the Parson- age-House, 60, 61, 62 ; with two Plates. I. south front, 61 ; pi. lxxii. II. details of ornament, 62 ; pi. lxxiii. Statues at All Souls’ College, Oxford, 7. at Magdalen College, 12, 13, 17. at East Basham Hall, 52. Supporters of the King’s-arms, different, 53. f T Thorpland Hall, Norfolk, account of, 58, 59, 60, with three Plates. I. — — front elevation, 49 ; pi. lxix. II. gable and chimneys, 59, 60 ; pi. lxx. III. front porch, 60 ; pi. lxxi. Tower in East Basham Hall, 55. V Vaulted roof at All Souls’ College, 8. at St. John’s College, 9. of the bay-windows of Eltham Palace Hall, 37, 38. in the tower of East Basham Hall, 55. W Walsingham, Old, Norfolk, description of seats in the church of, 42, 43 ; with a Plate. carved oak seat, pi. xlviii. Walsingham, New, description of a ceiling in the church of, 43 ; with a Plate. oak ceiling, pi. xlix. Waynllete, William of, notices of his life and works, 10, 11, 12. Westminster Hall, comparison of its roof with that of Eltham, 39. Window, bay or oriel, in Balliol College, 4 ; ditto, in Magdalen College, 15 ; ditto, in Croydon 66 INDEX. Palace, 29 ; ditto, in Eltham Palace, 38, 39 ; ditto, in East Basham Hall, 53 ; ditto, with plain, square heads, 59.* Wolterton, or East Basham Hall, Norfolk, ac- count of, 49-58 ; with twelve Plates. I. south front, 51 ; pi. lvii. II. south front of gate-house, 51 ; pi. lviii. III. north front of ditto, 52 ; pi. lix. IV. south porch, 53 ; pi. lx. V. Wolterton Hall, bay-window, 53, 54; pl.lxi. VI. tower, 55 ; pi. lxii. VII. turrets, 55, 56 ; pi. lxiii. VIII. — - details, 56 ; pi. lxiv. IX. chimneys, 56, 57 ; pi. lxv. X. details of chimneys, 57 ; pi. lxvi. XI. mouldings, and details, 57; pi. lxvii. XII. windows, doors, &c. 58 ; pi. lxviii. Wykeham, William of, Bishop of Winchester, notices of his life and works, 5. THE END. "MF iiTli on . Mnlli on SPECIMEN'S OF STAINS GLASS "WINDOWS IN’ ALEP TON CHAPE I ©Horn . • . B€>ME STIC AT&CHXTE CTIETE.'E,, A'.Pagin Axch'': direx 1 ; JMfe HalTHaa at ~E . J.Ie leox, sculpt Half Han at A Showing S of fit . BASSE® !L C® ASS <3- IS -, ©S3P®!®, Grid Win/7riv . .7v~-rth side of the Q-i.acbanjf7e . C OIEB •& HATE Am CUTE € TUIRE « BAILOOIL C'lDSM^'i, ©P(Q)1B 9 S I i 1 rH- i i, ^v! \ i-.f,? & h A.Puf’in . Axel T.S. ECC1EBIASTICAL j4E 'HITECTTOE. Se < •tian of 2^9 1 B attlements of Turrets f|p Parapet Wm WV 2 ^9 4 1 W?l,(rab7eof th& W?$t Froji.t. — 7Sf.? 2,tNiche, at large 4lf3, Trofi7r of2Fic7ie—lf?4 Flans ofI)°—2rf?5.?uin/tcZc at large i if i— — i-M / — ^ zj — II . w € O &X A'i'32 A B. € 32 1TE € 7 ‘ HJM2 * T»i\uvtl bv EArundal* Plan, slicwmo vvliole. airangemeux . A3Lir.i S© lUIuS ©XO'CCXSH) , Drawn Tyy P Arun*iale . _G ONE COMPARTMENT. GROINING- OP PASSAGE LEADING TO THE CHAPEL. ;et Moulding' ^.at B pn*' course Plan cl£ ; J ami . Mnlli o rizgAr 27<*8 'Width, of the Chapel . . E C € JLE S X A. S T IE T[T3LS ©©3L3L3B©m,©Z3F©m3G)c .Coinpa7'/m.erLt ^—S . Side-' cf' die/ CJiapel . Prawn "by ‘A ¥auduit _ G . Gladwin, sculp . Flan, of Bultrei : on the Angle. 'Mmi r m Oalc Tracery at/ the/ back of Stalls I. J4. COlSEGIllE mCHITBCinEF. PL.l. ^©MSTS C ©3LIL1E ©IE N'l. Eleratitm, _ 2. 'SediaJV— anil 3. Tlun of' JSntraruv- Gtttarqy. •putioig ox - COILS Gil ATI*: 1R€ MITE C TTUPvK. . IKTV D /SS i ^ »jf Drawn, by B.Ferrey V~“ | Si ! j a! i iii 1 | 27? L Wooden, Doo?- oj' ih& dSntrup* 3EXE<&]E 5M211 „ ©30?©^©-. 1 .J 9 . IB C C ME SJA JML'I iCAla ARC HI WE € T UHVJE - Clion Niche in Battlements. "Wood, mould above doorwaLV. Dra’.'m by T.TBuxy, M A ©■ ES AIL 25 W 3E (5©IAE ©E ©MAIPEIL ©5SF©m® ■VARIOUS DETAIL S OF THE "WE S T DOOMAT: Plate TV X. 2 EC CEB 3IA.3 TICAL AE CHUTE C T e/'tJE A.Pudu direst. Section. cf U attUrrunt InuncT Tljzrv of the. Jamb az P Section, of String arurse, at, A. -PTiJth, of the. Chapel i ■? -f — Scale, for Details Drawn "by A .M an chart , . - J. Hoffe Ccxolp MA©ID) AILEliflE ©(SD3L3L3S©® (D3EIA3PHIL, dDSIP'OlRIDo PT°1 .Elevation . TC 0 2 . . Section Sc Details of a Compartment on the SoxiAh Side . 1 I cT K"3S © ©3DEUIE ©IE » ©SCJF 1 © JKUD) 31- C 123?: DTI C C 7 :: TIi •:* -'ttfvtt •A-.Pu.gm, , JVfZ loftpWnfinal Section . _ N? 2''Zbv?sv\ vx- D? - SFti.'FJfv.ttirn of tic West Si'S e ^7 °4 T/n?: . eccjlje siLA-SinECAiL AJRCEnnnE ; ctume . vVy v o/ ■ t -n f/t vn/tvienf firi.tt/c si&f of At /vr SY SfflL&.JE4-r’S (UIHTDriKL(DffiC,©3K» , ®]Bm^ I. 32 . Hi:;n€AL JL UR.C 3IITE € TVWR „ A.Pa-f ; n. Arch.' direx' Drawn by F. Arundale T.he ’Kemc, sculp~ ST HAM g S GTBLWTBL€TBL 9 ©XIF©®,:©, 2T?1. Elevation and* Sections — 7f,° 2 ,D etazZs of a- Corffsum.aZ' t?l tfie Chcuicd . Section of Cornice alt /? b \ w E C CZ©OlKj JMB.C8&C TJEJE W-&XSU '3)3? BSi Ea_st H zr ,o o i 4 !<• Amciar®ESH@a?s jpaeacb ca®TOow, Transverse Section, oftiie &reaT2TaZZ' flco7ring T’ascJ at AA on Plan. ^JK.(D3BI3B3i:S3Hi:Q3)IP S ^jS^A-CDIS 9 ©m:02>:ET p M°lZ?i/z77/?rCo?Ty)a?trtisn6-2f?2. Exterior Z)?- Jtf? 3.ionm'/i/ditial- Section of Me, Great TZi/l. _ 27? 4, Jf&zd. of Window. Tilled Roof wmm. , Tn"Si Rubble, Ac. Plan 1 of Guard. iRooin West A.Fu^m.Arcli': direx' Drawn by E . Ferrey _ G. Gladw-m. sculp' ©© M1E STJIC AHR T IHI1LT1E fCTUELE - AIBLCSMBS § JSC @ if’® 3PASA(£:i 9 (D IS. ©IT© ©2?o -Bay Window and Details on, the South Side of the Gao.rd, Room 24?ti A.Pu^m. dir ex?' ' G. Gladwin sculpT CSEA3PB3L 5?AM«, O (D'Sffi) d[ T'J. i Transverse Sections Zco king Task and WesC.-NS,2. General- -Plant -JVC 3, Tlan- of Compartment shewing wooden .citing. ZD (ID JUTE £ Til* Aft T MITE C 3T UJ R IS „ 42 . HOME STIC AECHITECHnilB •rrr r rr.y. Hi mm i vpi:n:[ 1 ! f i em f 4 t i! J. JOM IK tv TIL € AJft € H I! T JlS V TEJR IK . West 2*0 - East' | A. Pugin, Arch* dixejs.' Drawn by T.T Butv — O. Gladwin, sculp’: MUUTm&m 2P^.]LA.(D 2S p IKlSW'Je o G-ROTNING- OF 1A5T WINDOW ON THE NORTH SIDE OF HAIL. 1. 44 . DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE. PL.H- APagitL, Arch*’ direx * Drawn by T T.B-uiy. — G. Gladwin, sculp*. ELTEAH EEKTICo GROINING OF BAY WINDOW ON THE NORTH SIDE OF HALL. I N'7. Into'Lor i rm,v// erru tU o/ Wt/tf7/)ws Crtafr JJalT- 27° 2. an/7 3 , Win dm u./i'i Stotts. /Ira* ■<,-/ at Large ■ Z.*S 47 BOME8TIC BljL'TJHL&.M ]P.i jffZ Transverse. Section ?/ *** 7fn7l> atA B.A.3 on Genanl Flan "West 4 East. HITE C TUB-E jAfflE , KBHI „ 2,Zorig£tudinaZ Section; of D? Showing Bag Window. looking South . . Drawn by* X.T.J3ury G* Gladwin , s ciiIpX 13?7 X2> OME 8 TIC A1 7 \_ I-.-. - - = = 1 Mouldings at Lax^e at B Plan showing A . P u£rn . Aj-chj te ct . dixe: Drawn by T.T.Bury. _ T. Kearnaa sculp' WAIL S S W -S' "MAW OAK CKILLNO 0 A.Pu^in.. Arch., direx.. Drawn "by HAxundale E . Kennion. sculpt ^SB©2R©Ty©3E 3EO-E.0 STOM3MR, JEZevatzorh & Sections of the JSorth F?x>ru> of Fntrance Gateway. 1 . 55 . D ©UOE STIC AH.CJRLITE C lUEE. PI. JI. . I r rl i i" l i i IttI^ ®S.B @ m. © TU © 3H EA&£ , M ® SUF®3L2£, Octangular Irrldc Turret South, east Single of Satewtuy to the GxcamcL I. 56 . B) (D’3MI]E STJEtDr§ IS, EAST BAmSIELAMj, dflevation and Section of doe- dfintit JSjvjic of die- Gatehouse . cUrext I. 62 . U> ME S Tff € ARC ELI TIB di South Front Drawn by F. Amndale' J.Xe Keux. 1. S3. STIC A3&.IU UttTJE *T T UJBIIE 3nr& 2 s, bbas® ' 3r*MR3?b and SdnAs/coinst* 7 V,.° 2 . IfiWJc ^W// 7 r/ 'sr.._ 3 .H'-rl-C<>n - r 'Ar > — <4 Tracery nf Jur/rC. . Section o£ 'Basement At B JL . 67 BOICEISTJLC . ATiigin, Axciitect, dinex. 1 ? BAJLSIZBASC Drawnly T.TJ 3 tixj _ _ J.Le Eeujc.sciitpV Sfizc7c cf OTihnneys at t/?r West End ofJTad? \A- I. 66 I, 6'9. ID ©ME STIC AR -.■ rvA DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IQiAJulL, WAXM SSMj&ZK, ^©miFODLIi P&AXY® JKAILIC, Xy®reU?®3£,J£ t IDOiMTSSapTEC A'TO.tT MTi’ TrM ■r’TrT.Tiffiiin 9?m©mFJii.6\S5f» jjtA2.iL sr^MPaiL. « iHrasTusmj gmaiAT 'ssmaucH - ®, isr@M.:]F©M& ■ji'u •a'aojLaaMMiji'anr autsatyioit JEU\JR^(Q)M^.(SrS MmUSlK,, (SrJRKAV T ©DRTCODRm (0% M(S3)]R1FCD)3LIK. A/. l 'J. Woodrn Door , _ TV? 0. Tntcery and Sbinycourse- on Chimney Shafts Dltvatujn , _ 2DC d. 3 , 4 and 6. Du's of the Dart/