\M7(c CceJ 
 
ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF WESTMINSTER; 
 
 THE 
 
 OLD PALACE; 
 
 ST. STEPHEN'S CHAPEL, 
 ( jeoto flje Incuse of Commons ) 
 
 &c. &c. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 TWO HUNBMEID ANB FOMTY-SIX ENGRAVINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL OBJECTS, 
 
 (of which one hundred and twenty-two no longer exist,) 
 Bij JOHN THOMAS SMITH. 
 
 Cije iLtterarp $art 
 
 EXCLUSIVELY OF MANUSCRIPTS WHICH THROW NEW AND UNEXPECTED LIGHTS ON 
 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE ARTS IN ENGLAND, 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN SIDNEY HAWKINS, ESQ. F.A.S. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR J. T. SMITH, 31, CASTLE STREET EAST, OXFORD STREET; 
 AND SOLD BY R.RYAN, 353, OXFORD STREET, NEAR THE PANTHEON; AND 
 J. MANSON, 10, GERUARD STREET, SOHO. 
 
 1807. 
 
 THE LETTER-PRESS BY T. BENSLEY, BOLT COURT. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2014 
 
 http://archive.org/details/antiquitiesofcitOOsmit 
 
TO 
 
 GEORGE THE THIRD, 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND 
 
 KING; 
 
 UNDER WHOSE AUSPICES AND PROTECTION 
 
 THE LIBERAL ARTS IN THIS COUNTRY 
 
 HAVE EVER RECEIVED THE 
 
 MOST DISTINGUISHED AND EFFECTUAL ENCOURAGEMENT AND SUPPORT, 
 
 THE FOLLOWING 
 
 WORK, 
 
 TENDING TO ELUCIDATE AND EXPLAIN 
 
 THE STATE OF 
 
 ARCHITECTURE, SCULPTURE, and PAINTING, 
 
 IN THIS KINGDOM, 
 
 IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY, 
 is, 
 
 IN GRATITUDE FOR THE BLESSINGS OF HIS GOVERNMENT, 
 
 MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED AND INSCRIBED 
 
 BY 
 
 HIS MAJESTY'S 
 
 MOST DEVOTED SUBJECT AND SERVANT, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 So common a fault is it with Antiquaries lo consider Antiquity alone as a suf- 
 ficient claim to attention, and to bring forward objects which have neither 
 beauty in themselves, nor adequate importance, to introduce new, or correct 
 former opinions ; that in offering to public notice Ornaments and Decorations 
 of any kind, it is scarcely possible to avoid some risque of a similar suspi- 
 cion. Whether the supposed value of age has so wholly engrossed the minds 
 of these persons that they are incapable of seeking for other excellence; or 
 whether the fault has originated in a want of sufficient discernment to distin- 
 guish beauty from deformity, or, in an absence of that information or judgment 
 which should have taught them that such discoveries cannot be of any use 
 whatever, it is not material here to enquire. But certain it is, that county his- 
 tories, and other topographical works, and those also on the subject of miscella- 
 neous antiquity, are often found to contain representations of Fibulae, spoons, 
 knives, and spurs, darts, javelins, or daggers, celts, arrow-heads of iron and stone, 
 and other trifling particulars, or offensive weapons, which have nothing to 
 recommend them but a rudeness of workmanship, and an apparent antiquity 
 very rarely ascertained. Of these, it frequently happens, no further account 
 can be given, than that it is unknown to whom they belonged; and that in 
 ploughing a field for agricultural purposes, they have been by the plough- 
 share turned up from a situation in which, without loss to the science of Anti- 
 quity, they might for ever have remained. No other effect can indeed be 
 obtained from the discovery, than the addition of so many more to the num- 
 berless other similar instances already produced; and what is already suffi- 
 ciently proved by an adequate number of examples, cannot be rendered 
 more certain by any accumulation of instances. 
 
iv 
 
 Few publications of the kind here mentioned are entirely free from the 
 insertion of trifling and unimportant subjects: and it is the more to be re- 
 gretted, because the attention bestowed on them would be much better 
 employed on others of more value, which, in the mean time, are often 
 neglected; and because it induces many persons, when they see such ob- 
 jects brought into notice, as the result of investigation into the manners 
 and customs of antiquity, to reject a pursuit which leads to no better an 
 end, as of little value, and fitter to be discarded than embraced. If such 
 an opinion is however entertained, it is the fault of wrong application, 
 not of the study itself; for the study of Antiquity is, in fact, that of History, 
 general and particular, at large, and comprehends not only local and per- 
 sonal, but everv other branch connected with the transaction and adminis- 
 tration of human affairs and the government and events of various nations 
 in all parts of the world. Indeed, what has been said of a commentator, 
 that in explaining the text he must have before him all the possible senses in 
 which the passage can be taken, may, with little alteration, and equal truth, 
 be applied to an Antiquary, who, in forming an opinion as to the age of any 
 structure, must not only have in his mind the characteristic distinction of that 
 period to which he assigns it, but also every variation and modification of 
 those which preceded and followed it; and unless added to this he has an 
 intimate knowledge of the history and principles of architecture, sculpture, 
 and painting, an acquaintance with heraldry, and a great variety of other 
 miscellaneous intelligence, he will often find himself embarrassed to decide, 
 and frequently betrayed into impossible conjectures. 
 
 That the present work may not be thought one of these where beauty 
 and importance have been sacrificed to the consideration of Antiquity, it 
 may be necessary to point out on what grounds, and in what respects, the 
 subjects here presented to view are entitled to the notice they now solicit: 
 and though it is not intended to anticipate that intelligence which it is the 
 purpose of the ensuing pages to disclose, it is presumed enough may be said, 
 in a very small compass, to convince the reader they merit attention. 
 
V 
 
 Of the antiquity of these subjects, which, on many such occasions as the 
 present, is a point to be made out by a deduction of circumstances, there 
 cannot be any doubt, as they are decidedly known to be of the time of 
 Edward III: and they consist of specimens of architectural ornaments, of 
 most exquisite beauty in design and execution, paintings of more than com- 
 mon merit, especially considering the time when they were done; and frag- 
 ments of painted glass, which, if inferior in point of drawing to the other 
 paintings before mentioned, are at least valuable for the beauty and vivacity 
 of their colours, a recommendation which has often been known to succeed 
 with those who were incapable of judging of any other. 
 
 In stating, however, these claims to regard, it is not intended to assert 
 that the human figure is here to be found represented with such correctness 
 of drawing, and strict adherence to anatomical exactness and science, as was 
 afterwards practised by those truly great men, Leonardo da Vinci, Michael 
 Angelo, Raphael, Annibal Caracci, Poussin, and others, because this would 
 be to suppose an effect, when the only adequate cause which could have 
 produced it, did not exist. The painters of the middle ages knew little of 
 the form, and nothing of the mechanism, of the human body and limbs, and 
 in those parts, therefore, they were always defective, but the faces were often 
 drawn with great beauty and sweetness, and finished with the delicacy of 
 miniatures, a circumstance much admired by many persons. These excel- 
 lences the paintings in question also possess in an eminent degree, together 
 with the additional and singular advantage of being decided specimens of 
 painting in oil above sixty-three years anterior to its supposed invention by 
 John ab Eyck, in 1410, and considerably earlier than any instances known 
 to be already published for invalidating his claim to the discovery, which 
 has, with very great reason and success, been disputed. 
 
 From the time of their original painting these specimens have remained 
 undefaced by modern varnishing or empirical endeavours to clean or pre serve 
 them; and have neither been touched upon, to repair the decays of lime, 
 which, indeed, in many instances, were infinitely less than could have been 
 
VI 
 
 expected, nor tampered with for the purpose of any chemical experiments. 
 No person had any suspicion that any such examples as these were in exist- 
 ence, till, on occasion of the removal of the wainscoting for the enlarge- 
 ment of the House of Commons in the year 1800, which the Union with 
 Ireland had, by an increase of the members, made requisite, these paint- 
 tings, on the eleventh day of August in that year, were discovered on the 
 walls. 
 
 The surprise excited by this discovery induced one of the workmen to 
 communicate it on the same day to Mr. Thomas Bryan Richards, who, except 
 the workmen, was the first person that saw the figures of Eustace and Mer- 
 cosur, the only paintings at that time discovered; and intelligence of what 
 had passed having reached Dr. Charles Gower, one of the physicians to the 
 Middlesex Hospital, he immediately apprized Mr. Smith of it, in consequence 
 of which, Mr. Smith and Dr. Gower went down together on the twelfth, and saw 
 the paintings, and what else had been discovered. A very little consideration 
 determined Mr. Smith to publish engravings from them; and leave for that 
 purpose having been obtained on condition of his. undertaking to quit about 
 nine o'clock each morning, that he might not be in the way of the workmen the 
 rest of the day, he, on the fourteenth day of August, began to make his drawings. 
 It was his custom to go there as soon as it was light, and to work till nine 
 o'clock, and the workmen very often followed him so close in their operations, 
 as to remove, in the course of the same day on which he had made his draw- 
 ing, the painting which he had been employed in copying that very morn- 
 ing; for as the enlargement of the house was to be effected by taking down 
 the side stone walls between the buttresses, which had been originally three 
 feet thick, and erecting a thinner of about one foot thick only, it unavoid- 
 ably followed of course that the stones on which these paintings had been 
 done, must be separated. 
 
 Six weeks, day by day, for he had not finished till the 24th of Sept. were 
 thus occupied by Mr. Smith in making drawings and the necessary obser- 
 vations and memoranda from the pictures themselves, in which he did not 
 
Vll 
 
 content himself with merely noting down that the colour was red, blue, or 
 green, &c. but he actually matched the tint on the spot; and the better to 
 ascertain the exact colours of the painted glass, the pieces were held up to 
 the light, and from them, in that situation, the drawings were coloured. 
 
 After Mr. Smith had entered on this task, and before any application had 
 been made to the author of the letter-press for his assistance, the latter, on 
 the 12th of Sept. calling on Mr. Smith's father, then a well-known print-seller 
 in May's Building's, St. Martin's Lane, for a print which he wanted to see, 
 was told of the discovery of these ornaments in the House of Commons. 
 He had, indeed, before heard of it, and had endeavoured in vain to see 
 them; but he now learnt, for the first time, that on application at the 
 door, and describing himself as a member of the Antiquarian Society, there 
 would be no doubt of his admission. To this, it was added, that Mr. Smith 
 the son was then making drawings for publication, and that he meant 
 to apply to the present author for an account to accompany them. For 
 declining this office there was no reason, and therefore it was immediately ac- 
 cepted, and on the third of October the younger Mr. Smith first called on him 
 on that subject; but in the mean time the better to enable himself to execute 
 what he had engaged for, the writer of this work took six different opportuni- 
 ties of visiting the building before the paintings were all removed, and minutely 
 examining every part of its ornaments: he is therefore sufficiently qualified 
 to testify to the scrupulous fidelity and exactness of the engravings, and is 
 testimony cannot be suspected of interested motives when he declares, as for 
 that purpose he thinks it incumbent on him to do, and which is the fact, 
 that the present work is entirely the property of Mr. Smith, at whose sole ex- 
 pence, aided by an unusually liberal subscription, it is published; that his own 
 share in preparing it is perfectly voluntary and gratuitous, and that he has 
 no further interest or concern in it than merely furnishing the letter-press. 
 
 It has been judged proper to state thus minutely the above particulars, be- 
 cause some persons had at one time formed an opinion that the present was in- 
 tended as a rival work to a similar undertaking then said to be meditated by the 
 
viii 
 
 Society of Antiquaries, and this was alledged by one person, at least, when 
 applied to by a friend, as a reason for withholding his name. The transaction 
 was explained by the insertion of some letters in The Gentleman's Magazine ; 
 and the gentleman who made the objection, and who declared he had heard 
 it from some one else, had the candour and liberality to withdraw it, and to 
 become a subscriber to the work. That similar suspicions may not be enter- 
 tained by any other stranger to the character of the present author, it may be 
 necessary to mention, that it was not till after the 24th of Sept. on which day 
 Mr. Smith finished, that any draughtsman was employed to make drawings for 
 the Antiquarian Society ; that Mr. Smirke the younger, who was afterwards 
 engaged for that purpose, traced off from the walls the outlines of such as 
 were then unremoved, which seem to have been only those on both sides of 
 the altar, and in the arches on the south side of the chapel ; from these 
 outlines he made his drawings of a smaller size; 5 and when those walls 
 were afterwards taken down, the pieces were brought to him into a room 
 adjoining, or near the House of Commons, and from them he finished his 
 drawings. 
 
 Had the Society of Antiquaries, on the discovery of these paintings and 
 other ornaments, immediately sent a draughtsman to copy them, and declared 
 their intention of publishing a work on the subject, before Mr. Smith had 
 either begun his drawings, or engaged, through the means of his father, the 
 present author's assistance, the writer of this, as a member of that society, 
 and scorning an unhandsome transaction, would most certainly have declined 
 promoting or furthering a rival publication; and, in that case, had they 
 thought them worth their acceptance, the Society should have been welcome 
 to the same exertions from the present author for the advancement of their 
 work, as have been made for this, on condition, however, of their printing 
 the letter-press as he should have thought tit to write it. 
 
 But the facts here stated sufficiently shew, that at the time when Mr. 
 Smith commenced his work, and the present author promised his assistance, 
 
 • Gent. Mag. for March 1803, p. 204. 
 
IX 
 
 the Antiquarian Society had formed no intention of any such publication. 
 They have, it is true, since published six plates, on a scale and plan so different 
 from this, that it is impossible they can be injured by the present work, which, 
 on the contrary, is more likely to promote than check the sale of their prints, 
 by explaining and illustrating, as it does, the subjects they represent. But 
 to guard against suspicion, that he as a member of the society has been 
 benefited in the prosecution of this work, by an inspection of Mr. Smirke's 
 drawings, or any facts contained in papers that may have been read before 
 the society for their elucidation, the author thinks it incumbent on him to 
 declare, he never was present when Mr. Smirke's drawings were exhibited, 
 or any such paper read; that he purposely staid away to avoid the impu- 
 tation; and that if there were any such paper, he is wholly unacquainted 
 with its contents, which have never been communicated to him by any per- 
 son. The only time he ever saw Mr. Smirke's drawings was as they hung up 
 when he has been into the library to receive prints then delivering out; his 
 stay then was no longer than was necessary for that purpose; before that, 
 the whole plan of his own work was digested, and all the parts written 
 relating to those subjects, and he was not induced to make a single alteration 
 in either in consequence of the drawings of which he had this casual and 
 transitory view. 
 
 When this work was first undertaken, it was not conceived that it would 
 have required an extension to its present length; nor, indeed, was it foreseen 
 that such a mass of intelligence could have been procured. Little more, there- 
 fore, was at the very first intended, than a competent explanation of the plates; 
 but when it was found, as it soon was, that the public were disposed to en- 
 courage it, those concerned in the undertaking were induced to enlarge their 
 views, and to promise, in general terms, in their proposals, the insertion of 
 many other particulars relating to subjects incidentally connected with it; 
 reserving, however, to the author of the letter-press the liberty and option of 
 executing what he had undertaken, on a more comprehensive or limited scale, 
 as he saw requisite. And, indeed, without the very liberal and almost une* 
 
 b 
 
quailed support and encouragement which the proprietor has met with, it would 
 not have been possible to have executed so extensive a plan as the present. 
 
 For, not to mention that the reader w r ill here find a full and clear history 
 and explanation of these ornaments themselves, several views are here intro- 
 duced of important structures, no longer existing, for which purpose the plates 
 have been increased from seventeen, the number promised in the Proposals, 
 to forty-four, without raising the original price to such Subscribers as came in 
 prior to the last twelvemonth. They contain upwards of two hundred various 
 topographical subjects, all from Westminster; and of these, one hundred and 
 twenty-two are now no longer existing, as they have been either pulled down, 
 totally defaced, or the stones entirely destroyed. Of many parts of the city of 
 Westminster, as they were at a very early period, a more correct and particular 
 description is given than occurs any where else, accompanied by a plan of the 
 north east part extending from St. Stephen's chapel up to the present Whitehall, 
 laid down in exact measure by feet and inches, from an indisputable record of 
 the time of Rich. II; a better idea of the old palace at Westminster is to be ob- 
 tained from it than any other work has yet supplied; and the history of the House 
 of Commons, formerly the chapel of St. Stephen, has been correctly traced from 
 its first foundation to its suppression, which had never before been completely 
 done. A perfect list of its deans, from their first establishment by Edward III, 
 to the time of its surrender by the last; and an account of the benefactions 
 to it when a chapel, from incontrovertible evidence, one of its own records, 
 which has never before been attempted, will also be found here inserted. 
 Few buildings, whether its internal beauty, its original destination and use 
 as a chapel, or ils subsequent purpose of an House for the sitting of one 
 branch of the legislature, be considered, can be better entitled than this to 
 regard and attention ; and as it was in itself a supereminently beautiful spe- 
 cimen of the Gothic style, it has been thought advisable to subjoin an en- 
 quiry into the origin of Gothic architecture also, on which, though a subject 
 often undertaken, original materials before undiscovered have been used, and 
 by a fair state of a variety of facts, it has been ascertained how little former 
 
xi 
 
 opinions on that point are to be confided in; at the same time, as it is 
 hoped, it will be found, on examination, to contain sufficient circumstances 
 for deciding the question. 
 
 Great communications, in addition to no small quantity of intelligence 
 which he himself had previously collected, have been made to the author by 
 friends to the work, who very kindly interested themselves deeply in its suc- 
 cess: books of great rarity and value, together with original drawings, for the 
 purpose of being engraven and inserted in the work, have been liberally and 
 voluntarily supplied by their owners, and in a variety of other ways great 
 exertions have been made by its friends. Many of these are mentioned in 
 the notes ; and to all the thanks and acknowledgments of the author and 
 proprietor are due, which they are accordingly here desired individually to 
 accept. 
 
 To no one, however, is the work more indebted than to Richard Wyatt, 
 of Milton Place, near Egham, Esquire," who, confiding in the integrity of 
 those who had planned and undertaken it, and with an opinion, perhaps, 
 somewhat too favourable of their abilities, condescended, with a steady and 
 persevering friendship, to pledge his own word for the due performance, and 
 to solicit names for its publication. No fewer than two hundred and twenty 
 names, and those some of the highest rank among them, have, in consequence 
 of these solicitations, at different times, been added to the list; and it is a 
 certain fact, that without the patronage, encouragement, and support, of this 
 very valuable friend, the work could never have made its appearance with 
 its present advantages. 
 
 To the Right Hon. Charles Abbot, the Speaker of the House of Com- 
 mons, the work is also under obligations, not only for the countenance and 
 authority of his name, but for frequent permission to visit and make draw- 
 ings from different parts, discovered from time to time, in consequence of the 
 alterations still proceeding in the neighbourhood of the House of Commons; 
 
 b To prevent mistakes it is here to be noticed that this gentleman is no relation to the architect 
 of the same surname. 
 
Xll 
 
 and more especially for orders for admission to places which would other- 
 wise have been inaccessible. 
 
 To Dr. Charles Gower before named, the proprietor is indebted for the 
 first knowledge of the discovery of these paintings; and both his, and the 
 author's thanks, are also due to him for superintending the very satisfactory 
 analysis of the colours used in these paintings. 
 
 The author and proprietor have also great obligations to Mr. Ha slam of 
 Bethlehem Hospital, not only for making the very decisive analysis above 
 mentioned; but also for communicating the result, in a letter to the pro- 
 prietor, which is given verbatim in the work; and further, for the first intel- 
 ligence and loan of a very scarce and valuable book, which has furnished an 
 incontrovertible specimen of what the style of architecture among the Goths 
 really was about the time when they settled in Italy. 
 
 From the kindness, perseverance, and skill, of George Vanderzee, of 
 the Exchequer Office, in the Temple, Esquire, a most valuable branch of 
 intelligence has also been derived, who, on application from the author, for a 
 sight of some records referred to by Mr. Topham in his Account prefixed to 
 the Antiquarian Society's publication respecting this chapel, and for further 
 information, very liberally bestowed a very great portion of time in success- 
 fully searching for the original Rolls of Expences relating to this Chapel, and 
 not only permitted a complete inspection of them by the author himself, but 
 lent him his own clerk to make extracts for the use of this work, declining, 
 at the same time, every species of emolument. Some few of these Rolls had 
 been originally found by Mr. Vanderzee, who was employed to superintend 
 the removal of the Records on pulling down, in 1793, some old rooms near 
 those where the Court of Exchequer sit. Two of them are mentioned by 
 Mr. Topham, as communicated to him by Craven Ord, Esq. but Mr. Top- 
 ham has only given the title of one Roll, and two or three extracts from 
 the other, together with a very imperfect summary; and even these are not 
 accurate. The result of Mr. Vanderzce's exertions has been, an unexampled 
 abundance of original information of the highest importance and authen- 
 
Xlll 
 
 ticity; and the authors and proprietor's, and, indeed, the reader's thanks are 
 no less than due for the knowledge and communication of these very valuable 
 documents. 
 
 To Mr.TnoMAS Bryan Richards the proprietor owes a great variety of 
 information : 
 
 To John Charles Crowle, Esq. he is also obliged for his successful 
 endeavours to procure subscribers ; and also for obtaining, through the means 
 of the Marquis of Salisbury, then Lord Chamberlain of the King's House- 
 hold, permission to dedicate the Work to his Majesty: 
 
 To John Cooke, of Bedford Square, Esq. and his four sons, for their 
 kind recommendation of this work, and their steady patronage of the pro- 
 prietor for many years back : 
 
 To Richard Clark, Esq. Chamberlain of London, for several acts of 
 liberality and kindness on this and former occasions : 
 
 And to his numerous Subscribers, in general, for their very liberal sup- 
 port and encouragement. 
 
 But though the work has received an encouragement beyond the expec- 
 tations, and almost beyond the hopes, which those engaged in it thought 
 themselves at first justified in forming, it has not been without its enemies, 
 or, to say the least, such as did not wish well to its success. He could be no 
 friend to it who first suggested the suspicion that it was in any way intended 
 as an opposition to the Antiquarian Society; and, indeed, it is pretty well 
 known from whom the report originated. The mo lives also by which he 
 was actuated could, as well as his name, be here completely disclosed, but 
 this, as he is no longer living, is at present declined. Fortunately, the gen- 
 tleman to whom it had been mentioned as a fact, had soon after occasion to 
 assign it as a reason for not patronizing this work, which afforded a fair op- 
 portunity of shewing, as was then done, in consequence of this event, in the 
 Gentleman's Magazine, the inaccuracy, to say no worse of it, of the assertion. 
 That it was impossible has been alreadyproved by the events before related, as 
 the publication of this work was determined upon, and the drawings for it all 
 
xiv 
 
 made, before any drawing for that society was begun, or any artist employed 
 for the purpose. Nor can lie, if he were not the same person with the 
 above suggestor, which there is every reason to believe, be regarded as any 
 other than hostile to it, who procured that on the 26th of Sept. 1800, the 
 permission which had before been granted to Mr. Smith, should be, as it then 
 was, retracted. However, Mr. Smith had, by that time, made drawings of 
 every thing he wished to take, and the prohibition was therefore not followed 
 by the intended consequences. 
 
 It is not supposed that the plates will be so much the subject of criticism 
 as the letter-press; but, nevertheless, it is conceived but justice to the artist 
 to say, that as many persons saw the original paintings, to such he need only 
 appeal for the fidelity of his representations ; and those who did not see the 
 originals, may be satisfied on that point, by the testimonials in writing, of 
 which the proprietor is possessed, from competent eye-witnesses. And, indeed, 
 the long period which has elapsed between the publication of the proposals for 
 this work, and its ultimate completion, has been entirely owing to Mr. Smith's 
 wish to finish his plates as highly as possible, never considering a plate as dis- 
 patched while any thing more could be done to improve it; and he has only 
 to return his sincere thanks to his Subscribers for their patient indulgence in 
 this unavoidable delay. 
 
 The author of the letter-press thinks it requisite here to say, that no part 
 of the apparent delay above mentioned is imputable to him. He has always 
 been in greater forwardness than the engraver, and could the plates have been 
 finished before, the letter-press should sooner have been ready ; but as the 
 printed account was intended to describe and explain the plates, it was im- 
 possible to prepare that, till the plates were in a fit state to be so described 
 and explained ; and he has only to say, that notwithstanding the discovery of 
 some very important records of great length, after the rest of his manuscript 
 was completed, which required him to make great alterations and additions, 
 the work has never waited one hour for him. 
 
 Let it not however be imagined, in contradiction to the fact, that the 
 
XV 
 
 time spent in preparing it has been in any way injurious, instead of beneficial 
 to the present work. Besides an opportunity of finishing the plates more 
 highly, it has afforded the means of extending their number from seventeen, 
 as proposed at first, to forty-four. Another advantage, of no small moment 
 to the letter-press, has also arisen from it, for, as from its first commence- 
 ment to the present time, unremitted exertions have been used to procure 
 intelligence, the quantity has been abundantly increased in consequence of 
 the time the work has been in hand; and it is certainly true, that had the 
 book been published sooner, some points could not have been so clearly 
 ascertained. 
 
 On a revision of the whole, the present author feels a satisfaction in declar- 
 ing, that on a very minute scrutiny, which they have undergone in the course 
 of his explanation, he has not found in the plates a single error, or in- 
 accuracy, to palliate or excuse : No opportunity has been neglected by him, 
 of gaining information, or availing himself of the time allowed for that pur- 
 pose; nor any thing omitted that he thought could tend to improve or be- 
 nefit the work: he has himself inspected the original records: from an early 
 acquaintance with the hand-writing and language of them, has been enabled 
 to correct the numberless errors into which all who have hitherto written on 
 the subject have fallen: and to the utmost of his abilities, has endeavoured 
 to make good his engagements and undertakings, and to discharge conscien- 
 tiously the office entrusted to his care. 
 
AN ACCOUNT, &c. 
 
 A n enlargement of the present House of Commons having become requi- 
 site, for the admission of the additional members, in consequence of the 
 union of Great Britain and Ireland; on removing the wainscoting for that 
 purpose, in the month of August 1800, it was discovered that the whole in- 
 side of the walls of the building had been originally painted with single figures 
 and historical subjects. Many of these were still in such a state of preser- 
 vation as to admit of their being copied and engraven; and, the necessary 
 permission having been obtained for that purpose, accurate drawings were 
 therefore made from them on the spot, by Mr. Smith, with that view; from 
 which drawings the present plates have been taken with equal fidelity and 
 exactness. Of these paintings, as well as of the several other ornaments then 
 discovered, it is the object of the present work to give an account and expla- 
 nation, together with the history of the building itself, and also of the old 
 palace at Westminster, of which it was a part; but, as the modern appearance 
 of that city is widely different from that which it formerly bore, its ancient 
 state must first be described, in order to the understanding of what will be 
 said hereafter. 
 
 United to London by a continued succession of houses as Westminster 
 now is, it will scarcely be imagined, as was however the fact, that it was at 
 one time a separate and distinct village, a mile distant from London: but 
 still less will it be conceived to have been, as it actually was, an island cut off 
 from it by a branch of the river Thames, and originally denominated Thorncy 
 Island, from the circumstance, as it is said, of its being overgrown with thorns 
 and brambles/ The branch of the Thames by which this separation was 
 effected, entered from the east, at the spot in Channel, or Canon Row, as it is 
 now called, where Manchester Buildings now stands, and, running westward, 
 intersected King Street, and pursued its course down the present Gardener's 
 
 a Reges, Reginse, Nobilcs, & alii in Ecclesia collegiata B. Petri Westmonastcrii scpulti, 4to. 
 Lond. lfiOO, in the Preface. Widmore's Hist, of West in. Abbey, 4to. Loud. 1751, p. 2. 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 Lane. From the west end of Gardener's Lane it turned southward, and, 
 after passing down what is now called Prince's Street, but was then Long 
 Ditch," crossed Tothill Street a little westward of the Gatehouse; then taking 
 an eastern direction, it ran along by the south wall of the Abbey garden, 
 where College Street now stands, to the Thames ; and this is still the exact 
 course of the common sewer which was erected over it. c Its connexion with 
 the main land was by means of a bridge which Matilda, the queen of 
 Henry I, erected over the stream in King Street, at the east end of Gar- 
 dener's Lane. d 
 
 Although Maitland, from whom this account is taken, has so decidedly 
 fixed the spot near Manchester Buildings as that at which the cut from the 
 Thames entered, there is great reason for thinking he is mistaken ; it will, 
 on the contrary, appear more probable, that it was considerably more to the 
 north, and, indeed, almost close to the south wall of the present Privy Gar- 
 den, formerly the southern boundary of the palace of Whitehall. Manchester 
 Buildings is almost close to Westminster Bridge, and its east end comes out 
 a very few feet from the Middlesex end of the Bridge, consequently it is only 
 a very small distance from the north side of New Palace Yard. But in an 
 authentic instrument, dated in 1394, the contents of which will be more fully 
 stated hereafter, a piece of ground is mentioned as extending northward from 
 the present north side of New Palace Yard, and comprizing in that extent, 
 including the width of the present Bridge Street, 567 feet. Of this ground 
 the northern boundary is there said to be a ditch unquestionably entering 
 from the Thames, which skirted Channel, or Canon Row, on its north and 
 west sides," and might, probably, thence pursue its course to Gardener's 
 Lane. Now, on applying a scale of feet formed from that given by Strype 
 to that part of the map of St. Margaret's parish in Strype's Stow, it is found 
 that 56'7 feet from the north side of New Palace Yard, would considerably 
 exceed Manchester Buildings, and extend almost up to the south wall of 
 Privy Garden. In the List of the several sewers under the jurisdiction of the 
 commissioners for Westminster and part of Middlesex, printed at the end of 
 
 b Stow, in his Survey, edit. 4to. 1618, p. 481, speaks of Long Ditch as running down King 
 Street, and says it was so called because it almost insulates the City of Westminster. 
 c Maitland's Hist, of London, p. 1328. 
 
 d About the middle of Canon Row was the watercourse denominated Long Ditch, over 
 which, at the end of Gardener's Lane, Matilda, consort of Henry I, erected a bridge. Mait- 
 land, p. 1341. e Vide infra. 
 
o 
 
 the Statutes relative to the Sewers within Westminster and part of Middlesex, 
 12mo. Lond. 1796, two sewers are noticed material to the present inquiry. 
 One of these, College Street sewer, is described as beginning in James Street, 
 Pimlico, and emptying itself at Millbank, near Abingdon Buildings; the 
 other, King Street sewer, as beginning in Downing Street, Westminster, and 
 emptying itself near the north end of Channel Row, and at Westminster 
 Bridge; which certainly agrees better with the fact here supposed than 
 with Maitland's assertion. It has been before remarked, that from Gar- 
 dener's Lane, King Street, this branch of the Thames turned southward down 
 Long Ditch, now Prince's Street, and so made its way to College Street, and 
 thence to the Thames. Maitland has called the street from which Manchester 
 Buildings turns to the water, Channel Row; but Stow ' denominates it 
 Canon Row, and says it had this name because it belonged to the dean and 
 canons of St. Stephen's chapel. Howel g says it is corruptly called Channel 
 Row; but, considering that the cut from the Thames entered here, and that 
 the piece of ground did not till the time of Edward III. become the pro- 
 perty of the dean and canons of St. Stephen's, 11 it is much more probable 
 that Channel Row was the original and correct name, and the other a subse- 
 quent corruption. 
 
 At this early period no houses existed in the Strand, which, as its name im- 
 plies, was at first only an open plain ' sloping down to the river, but intersected 
 by several little cuts or channels, through which the water from the hills on 
 its north side was conveyed into the Thames ; and over these rivulets, where- 
 ever they occurred, bridges, consisting probably of no more than one small 
 stone arch, were erected, to continue the road and preserve a communication. 
 One of these, called Strand Bridge, was between Surry Street and the present 
 Somerset Place; 14 another, named Ivy Bridge, between Salisbury Street and 
 where the Adelphi now is; 1 and a third was, it is said, discovered, not long- 
 since, opposite the end of Essex Street. These watercourses and bridges are, 
 in fact, still existing, but being converted into sewers, and covered with 
 streets, are no longer visible; and where the spot, called Charing Cross, now 
 is, was, in ancient time, the village of Charing, equally separate and detached 
 from both London and Westminster, and nearly equidistant from each. 
 
 f Edit. 16 18, p. 841. 8 Londinopolis, p. 350. h Vide infra. 
 
 ' Hive's Survey of London, 8vo. Lond. 1742, p. 1176. 
 
 k See the map of the parishes of St. Clement Danes, and St. Mary, Savoy. Strype's Stow, 
 book iv, p. 106. 1 See the map of St. Martin's parish. Ibid, book vi, p. 6*6. 
 
4 
 
 In process of time, however, the residence of the court, which had before 
 that time been sometimes at the Tower, and frequently elsewhere, at a dis- 
 tance from London, had, about the time of Henry III, become more usual 
 at Westminster. The courts, particularly the Common Pleas, which before 
 had been held Avherever the king then was, in town or country, had also, 
 by the statute of Magna Charta in 1225, 9 Henry III, been rendered sta- 
 tionary at Westminster, which had also become the most usual place of 
 holding the parliament. Many of the bishops especially, and others of the 
 nobility, therefore, for the purpose of more convenient attendance when the 
 parliament was held there, were induced to erect palaces on the edge of the 
 river, and by so doing to connect, by a line of buildings, the two villages of 
 Charing and Westminster with the city of London." 1 
 
 Of these it is not consistent with the plan of the present work, pro- 
 fessedly dedicated as it is to another subject, to give any thing more than a 
 very brief account; and, indeed, a departure from the line of the principal 
 inquiry, so far as to do even this, may, perhaps, by some persons, be thought 
 to need an apology, had it not been for the purpose of introducing views, 
 from original drawings, made while those buildings were still standing, of 
 erections of importance no longer existing. Little more, therefore, is here to 
 be expected than their names, the original dates of their erection, and a pre- 
 cise description of the spot which they occupied; but where further infor- 
 mation is necessary, such occasional intelligence will be added as, in some 
 instances, has never yet appeared in print, and in others, is not generally 
 known. 
 
 None but edifices as old as the time of Edward III, or thereabouts, 
 or at least such as have taken the places of buildings of that date, were origi- 
 nally meant to be here inserted; and the south side of the Strand, beginning 
 from Temple Bar, was intended to be first der cribed, as containing the greater 
 number. From both these rules it has however been found necessary to 
 deviate, for the insertion of a view of an house which has, within a very few 
 years, been pulled down. It stood on the north side of the Strand, near 
 Temple Bar; and though not old, was yet rendered sufficiently illustrious by 
 the temporary residence of the duke de Sully, when ambassador here. At 
 that time it is said to have been inhabited by Christopher Harley, count 
 
 m Howel has' remarked, that from Dorset House in Fleet Street, to Whitehall, all the great 
 houses built on the Thames were episcopal palaces, except the Savoy and Suffolk House. Howel's 
 Londinopolis, p. 348. 
 
5 
 
 Beaumont, ambassador from France, in the year 1605 ; in which year he lost 
 an infant daughter, who is buried in St. Nicholas's chapel, in Westminster 
 Abbey:" and the duke de Sully, who came over as ambassador extraordinary, 
 resided here for a few days after his arrival, till Arundel House, then situated 
 where Arundel Street now is, could be prepared for his reception. The 
 house, as appears in the view in the opposite plate, was ornamented in front 
 with the fleurs-de-lys, and other devices ; but these were probably added to it 
 in some later repair, in commemoration of the above fact. It was standing 
 till lately, but was removed to make room for the present modern houses. 
 
 On the south side of the street, or that next the water, and beginning from 
 Temple Bar, the first in local situation, though not in chronological order, was 
 Exeter House, erected, as it is supposed, by the then bishop of that see, about 
 the reign of Edward II. It was afterwards called Paget House, then Lei- 
 cester House, and since Essex House, as having been, at different times, inha- 
 bited by William lord Paget, Robert Dudley earl of Leicester, and the earl 
 of Essex. 
 
 Near this, and, as Hive p says, between Essex House and Mil ford Lane, 
 was a chapel dedicated to the Holy Ghost, called Si Spirit; but of the time 
 and occasion of its foundation, Stow confesses himself ignorant.' 5 
 
 To the west of this last was the bishop of Bath's house, or inn, as it was 
 usual to call such residences. The time of its original election docs not 
 appear, but it was rebuilt by Thomas Seymour, lord admiral, the brother of 
 the duke of Somerset, lord protector, in the reign of Edward VI;' and having, 
 from the residence of the famous earl of Arundel afterwards in it, acquired 
 the name of Arundel House, is known to have stood where Arundel Street 
 now is. Here, as has before been mentioned, the duke de Sully was lodged 
 when he came over as ambassador extraordinary from France to this country. 
 
 Beyond this, on the side of the street, was a church-yard, in which stood 
 the parish church of the Nativity of St. Mary and the Innocents, in the 
 Strand. 5 History is silent as to the date of its erection, but William Wyn- 
 ningham is given as the name of its rector in 1376;' so that it was then exist- 
 ing, and most probably some lime before. Nearly adjoining this church, 
 and between that and the river, was an inn of Chancery, called Chester's Inn, 
 
 n Gull's Antiq. of Westm. Abbey, 8vo. Loud. 1 7 1 1, p. 72. 
 
 • Stow, 16 18, p. 829. Edit. 1633, p. 489- p Hive, p. 1 177. 
 
 i Stow, 1618, p. 829. Edit. 16.33, p. 489. r Ibid: 5 Ibid. 
 
 1 Strype's Stow, book iv, p. 105. 
 
6 
 
 because it belonged to the bishop of Chester; but denominated by some, from 
 its situation, Strand Inn. u An house belonging to the bishop of Llandaff 
 stood also not far from the before-mentioned church, for the enlargement of 
 which house, in the reign of Edward II, a vacant piece of ground, lying near 
 the church of our Lady at Strand, was procured by the then bishop of that 
 see from Thomas earl of Lancaster," probably the then owner of the Savoy 
 and the duchy of Lancaster. 
 
 At a small distance from the bishop of LlandalFs stood Strand Bridge, 
 which had a lane or way under it leading down to a landing place on the 
 bank of the Thames/ The precise spot may still be ascertained from the name 
 of Strand Lane, which a turning down from the Strand to the water, between 
 Surry Street and Somerset Place, still retains. 
 
 The bishop of Chester's own house, or residence, stood a little to the west 
 of Strand Bridge. It was called equally the bishop of Chester's and the 
 bishop of Lichfield and Coventry's Inn, and was first built by Walter Lang- 
 ton, bishop of Chester, treasurer of England, in the reign of Edward I." The 
 reason for this double appellation may be collected from the following cir- 
 cumstances ; the present bishopric of Chester was one of the new ones 
 erected by Henry VIII, and that the bishops of Lichfield and Coventry, till 
 that time, were frequently called Cestrenses, or bishops of Chester ; a and ad- 
 joining this was the bishop of Worcester's Inn. b But the church of St. Mary 
 at Strand, Strand Bridge, with the lane under it, the houses of the bishops of 
 Chester and Worcester, with all the tenements adjoining, were, in 1549, all 
 pulled down and removed by Edward, duke of Somerset, lord protector, for 
 the purpose of erecting Somerset House. 6 This, however, within these few 
 years, has itself been also pulled down, to make room for the erection of a 
 number of public offices, which, in allusion to the former possessor, still bear 
 the aggregate appellation of Somerset Place. 
 
 In the high street, opposite the bishop of Coventry or Chester's Inn, stood, 
 at one time, a stone cross, at which, in 1294, and at other times, the justices 
 itinerant sate, without London; but afterwards they sate in that bishop's 
 house/ This stone cross was repaired in the fourth year of Edward II; as 
 among the patent rolls is an order of that year for that purpose, in which it 
 
 u Stow, 1618, p. 829—1633, p. 489- * Stow, 1618, p. 829-— 1633, p. 490. 
 
 y Ibid. z Ibid. a Godwin De Praesulibus Anglian, edit. Richardson, p. 775. 
 
 b Stow, 1618, p. 830. — 1633, p. 490. c Stow ubi supra. d Stow, 1618, 
 
 p. 830.— 1633, p. 490. 
 
7 
 
 is termed the stone cross beyond the Bar of the New Temple/ Next to the 
 bishop of Worcester's occurred the palace of the Savoy, erected in 1245, by 
 Peter earl of Savoy, uncle of Eleanor, Henry Ill's queen, on the spot 
 formerly occupied by several houses the property of Brian de Insula, or Lisle, 
 but which had been granted to him by Henry III, in the thirtieth year of 
 his reign/ 
 
 To the Savoy succeeded the bishop of Carlisle's Inn, which in 1618, and 
 also in 1633, was inhabited by the earl of Bedford, and called Russel or Bed- 
 ford House. 8 It is described as extending from the hospital of the Savoy to Ivy 
 Bridge, h which, in the map of St. Martin's parish in Strype's Stow, book vi, 
 p. 66, is represented as the next turning beyond Salisbury Street to the 
 west; so that it must have been the house which stood on the site of the 
 present Beaufort Buildings, and was at one time inhabited by the earl of 
 Worcester. 1 
 
 Close to this house was Ivy Bridge, which is described as situated in the 
 high street, and as having had a way or low going down under it stretching 
 to the Thames, similar to Strand Bridge, before spoken of. It is further said, 
 that the bridge has been taken down, but the lane remains ; k and Strype, as 
 has been before noticed, represents it as being the next turning down to the 
 water westward of Salisbury Street. 
 
 At Ivy Bridge Stow 1 considers the city of Westminster as commencing; 
 the space from Temple Bar to Ivy Bridge being comprehended within the 
 duchy of Lancaster, a separate franchise. Originally, however, Thorney 
 Island, and Westminster, were co-extensive; and consequently, at that time, 
 Westminster came no nearer to London than the end of Gardener's Lane, 
 King Street. 
 
 Continuing the range of houses on the south side of the Strand, or that 
 next the water, the first house that occurred beyond Ivy Bridge, and conse- 
 quently, according to Stow's division, the first house in Westminster, was 
 Durham House, erected by Thomas Hatfield, bishop of that see from 134.5 
 to 1381, according to Stow. m Pennant, however, p. 141, says, it was origi- 
 nally built by Anthony de Beck, patriarch of Jerusalem, and bishop of Dur- 
 ham, in the reign of Edward I, and rebuilt by bishop Hatfield. On the site 
 of this house stands the present Adelphi, and on that of the stables belonging 
 
 £ Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 73. f Stow, 1618, p. 830.— 1633, p. 490. e Ibid. 
 
 h Stow, 1618, p. 829 — 1633, p. 489. ' Strype's Stow, book iv, p. 112 
 
 " Stow, 1618, p. 833 —1633, p. 491. 'Ibid. m Stow, 1618, p. 836.— 1633, p. 494. 
 
8 
 
 to it, a new Exchange was built in 1608," but it has since been pulled down, 
 and the spot covered with houses. A view of the only remaining part of the 
 house, as it had been re-erected apparently about the time of James I, has 
 already been given in a former plate : it continued in this state till the year 1790, 
 soon after which it was taken down. Next, beyond Durham House, was one 
 formerly belonging to the bishop of Norwich. It was exchanged in the twenty- 
 seventh year of Henry VIII, by the then bishop of Norwich, with that king, 
 for other estates, a prebend in the free chapel of St. Stephen, at Westminster, 
 and the prebendal house belonging to it, situate in Canon Row; which, by a 
 private act of parliament, 32 Henry VIII, cap. 47, were granted to him and 
 his successors. Queen Mary, as a recompence for Whitehall, which her 
 father Henry VIII, had taken from the see of York, gave to Heath, arch- 
 bishop of York, and his successors, Suffolk House, in Southwark; but Suf- 
 folk House the archbishop sold, and bought with the produce this house for- 
 merly belonging to the bishop of Norwich." 1 Strype speaks of a fact as 
 happening in 1399? in the chapel of the archbishop of York's house, near 
 Westminster, and refers it to this house;' but he is evidently mistaken, White- 
 hall is the place meant, which had been purchased by Waller Gray, arch- 
 bishop of York, who died in 1255, as an episcopal palace, 5 and continued so 
 till Henry VIII obtained it from Wolscy in 1529- 1 This house of the bishop 
 of Norwich did not belong to the see of York till queen Mary's time, when 
 archbishop Heath purchased it, and it was held and enjoyed as an episcopal 
 palace by him and his successors till the second year of the reign of James I, 
 when, in consideration of other estates, it was exchanged with that king by 
 Toby Matthew, then archbishop of York." 
 
 In the time of Henry III, William Mareschall, earl of Pembroke, having, 
 among other estates, given several tenements near Charing Cross, to the prior 
 of Rouncival, or De Rosida Valle, in the diocese of Pampelon, in Navarre ; 
 an hospital, or chapel of St. Mary, was founded on the south side of the 
 Strand, between York Buildings and Northumberland House; and this hos- 
 pital, or chapel, was the chief house belonging to this priory in England. It 
 is said to have been suppressed among the alien priories in the time of 
 Henry V, and to have been restored 15 Edward IV, for a fraternity. In the 
 
 " Stow, 1G18, p. 838.— 1633, p. 495. ° Stow, 1618, p. 839—1633, p. 495. 
 
 p Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 3. 1 Stow, 1618, p. 839 1633, p. 495. 
 
 r Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 3. » Godwin, p 679. 1 Stow, 1618, p. 839.— 
 
 1633, p. 495, Godwin, 679. u Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 4. 
 

 
 Year Books, in the reign of Henry VII, mention is made of the master, war- 
 dens, brethren, and sisters, of Rounceval, who continued till the general sup- 
 pression : but the site was granted, 3 Edward VI, to sir Thomas Carwarden." 
 In the large old map of London, engraved by Vertue, the spot where this 
 hospital stood is pointed out, which seems to have commenced nearly oppo- 
 site St. Martin's Lane, and to have reached to Scotland Yard. Stow says 
 it was by Charing Cross/ 
 
 Near this hospital when standing, and over against Charing Cross, was 
 also an hermitage, with a chapel of St. Catharine, of which Stow z gives no 
 further account. This being the extent of the Strand towards Charing Cross 
 on the south side, it will be necessary to return again to Temple Bar, and 
 pursue the course on the north, or opposite side of the street to that already 
 described ; in doing which, it will be found that the buildings were neither 
 so numerous nor so important as those on the south. It is a remark of 
 Strype's, that in former times there was not, as now, a continued street of 
 buildings between London and Westminster, but much vacant space of fields 
 and open grounds between;* and this remark may be confirmed by the evi- 
 dence of records, a long list of which had been made by the present author, 
 which, as nothing of importance depended on the fact, it was thought use- 
 less to insert. Strype has further observed, that at that time the way 
 along it was often bad, a fact which he substantiates by mentioning a pre- 
 cept from king John to the sheriffs of London for its repair. From Temple 
 Bar to the Savoy it appears to have been paved about 1385, as in the eighth 
 year of Richard II toll was granted for that purpose; as it was also 24 Hen. VI, 
 An. 1446: but the paving went no further than the Savoy till the latler part 
 of queen Elizabeth's reign, when sir Robert Cecil having built an house 
 beyond the Savoy, at Ivy Bridge, levelled and paved the highway near 
 adjoining. b 
 
 And indeed till the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign, or the beginning of 
 that of James I, it does not appear to have been completely inhabited. Before 
 this time, the few houses that existed there, were probably, in general, either 
 inns for the accommodation of such persons as were brought from the country 
 on business depending before the courts of law at Westminster, or else Cot- 
 tages with a small portion of ground ; as frequent notices occur, in the records 
 of different periods, of the transfer of such property, described as situated 
 
 x Tanner's Notitia Mon. fol. edit. 1744, p. 3lG. > Stow, lfilB, p. 8,J<).— 1633, p. 495. 
 
 z Ibid. a Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 1. b Ibid. 
 
 C 
 
10 
 
 in the street called the Strand, several instances of which could be pointed 
 out were it at all material. 
 
 Probably also the Strand might be one of those many places where the 
 buildings were increased by the accession of the Netherlander; who, in the 
 time of queen Elizabeth, came over and settled in London and the adjacent 
 parts, in consequence of the dissentions abroad. In the latter part of her 
 reign, however, or in the former part of that of her successor, it appears to 
 have been considered as an elegant situation. Christopher Harley, count 
 Beaumont, when ambassador here from Henry IV of France, in 1605, was 
 lodged in a large timber house, which stood on the north side of the Strand, 
 just without Temple Bar, a view of which has been already inserted. Lord 
 Monteagle, who discovered the powder plot, lodged in ihe Strand : c and the 
 Palsgrave, in the time of James I, when he came over to marry the princess, 
 James the first's daughter, was lodged at Essex IIouse, d which will very well 
 account for Palsgrave Place in that neighbourhood. Ben Jonson, in his 
 comedy of Epicaene, or, The Silent Woman, Act I. Sc. 4, introduces Sir 
 Amorous La Foole as commending Clerimont's lodging, by telling him, it 
 would be as delicate a lodging as his own if it were but in the Strand: and 
 Wilson, in his Life of James I, speaking of Gondemar, the Spanish ambas- 
 sador, says that Drury Lane and the Strand were the places where most of 
 the gentry lived; the Covent Garden being then an inclosed field. 6 
 
 As the line of the main street of the Strand, and not any of its divari- 
 cations or turnings off, is intended to be here followed, the first object which, 
 in that direction, merits attention, is the parish church of St. Clement Danes, 
 which, though rebuilt, is, in point of foundation, of great antiquity. The 
 body of Harold, bastard son of Canute, after it had been interred at West- 
 minster, and, by the order of Hardicanute, Canute's successor, taken up 
 and thrown into the Thames, was found by some fishermen, and, at length, de- 
 posited here, for which reason, as some say, it was called St. Clement Danes/ 
 Harold having been one of our Danish kings. Some have related that it obtained 
 that appellation on account of a massacre of the Danes, which, as they say, took 
 place here in the time of king Ethelred, in revenge for their cruelty to the monks 
 of Chertsey, and just as the Danes were meditating their return to their own 
 country. 8 Others have referred it to the circumstance of this church standing 
 
 c Stovv's Chron. edit. 1615, p. 876. d Baker's Chron. edit. 1670, p. 435. 
 
 e Anecdotes of distinguished Persons, 12mo. Lond. 1796, vol, 4, p. 319# 
 f Stow, 1618, p. 833.— 1633, p. 491. * Ibid. 
 
11 
 
 within that circuit or compass of ground which had been assigned to the few 
 remaining Danes when the rest of their countrymen had been driven out of 
 this kingdom: the extent of which circuit is stated to have been between the 
 Isle of Thorne, now Westminster, and Caer Lud, now called Ludgate. h 
 
 From the church of St. Clement Danes to Exeter Change, no building of 
 any antiquity occurs to be noticed. The site of this last was, however, ori- 
 ginally a part of Covent Garden, so called corruptly, instead of Convent 
 Garden, as having been the garden to a convent, or monastery. No account, it 
 is true, has yet been met with of any such foundation actually existing on this 
 spot; but bishop Tanner, in his Notitia Monastica, speaks of the friars of the 
 order of St. Mary de Areno as having an habitation, near Durham house 
 probably, says he, by the gift of Sir William de Arnaud, or Amand, knight, 
 51 Henry III, where they continued till 10 Edward II, 1 and it is therefore 
 not improbable, as Tanner supposes it to have been near Durham House 
 that this might have been the spot, though on the opposite side of the way. 
 In confirmation of which it is also to be observed, that among the Close 
 Rolls, 11 Edward II, m. 19> k is a grant to the abbot of Westminster of a 
 mansion formerly belonging to the prior and brethren of the order of St. Mary 
 de Areno at Westminster, and that Covent Garden M as actually a part of 
 the property of the abbot and convent of Westminster till it was exchanged 
 by them with Henry VIII, in 1536*, for the great wood called Hurley Wood, 
 in Berkshire. 1 
 
 At the period now spoken of, the parish church of St. Martin in the Fields 
 was, as its name imports, not surrounded, as at present, by a multiplicity of 
 buildings, and situated in a street, but it actually stood in the open fields. 
 St. Martin's Lane leading up to it, though since converted into a regular 
 street, was also at that lime nothing more than a country lane, probably with 
 a hedge on one or both sides of it; and so the upper part of it appears in 
 the great map of London engraved by Vertue. 
 
 Beyond St. Martin's Lane, Strype, on the authority of the first edition of 
 Stow, has placed the chapel of our Lady, called The Pew; but remarks that, 
 in his second edition, Stow had described it as near St. Stephen's chapel. " 
 Slow's correction of his mistake ought surely to have been adopted by 
 Strype; and as this last was, in fact, its real situation, an account of it, on 
 
 h Strype, book iv, p. 1 13. 1 Tanner's ISotitia Mom. p 3 Hi. k Ibid. 
 
 1 Widmore's Hist, of Westm. Abbey, p. 1(27. ,n Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 2. 
 
the present occasion, will be postponed till the chapel of St. Stephen is 
 treated of. 
 
 Stow mentions an house for distraught and lunatic people, as at one time 
 standing near St. Martin's Lane. What was its antiquity, by whom it was 
 founded, or when suppressed, Stow says he was not informed; but adds, it 
 was said that some time a king of England, not liking such a kind of people 
 to remain so near his palace, caused them to be removed farther off to 
 Bethlehem, without Bishopsgate, of London; and to that hospital, says he, 
 the said house by Charing Cross doth yet remain." From one of the officers 
 of that hospital it has been lately learnt that the spot was where a part of the 
 stable of the Golden Cross Inn, Charing Cross, and some of the houses at 
 the south end of St. Martin's Lane, now stand. 
 
 Next occurred the Mews, so called because the king's falcons were there 
 kept by the king's falconer. Of this term, now so common, few persons, it 
 is supposed, know the exact meaning; it may be necessary to mention, there- 
 fore, that Du Fresne, in his Glossary, explaining the Latin word Muta, says, 
 it is a disease to which hawks are subject, that the French call it La Meue, 
 that the hawks change or mute their feathers every year, and that then they 
 are frequently so sick as to be in danger of dying. Muta, he says, is also 
 the building in which falcons are shut up when they mute or change their 
 feathers. In the thirteenth year of Edward II the king granted to John 
 de la Beche the custody of the king's houses de Mutis at Charryng, near 
 Westminster, with the appurtenances. In the 23d year of Edward III it is 
 found that Ralph de Maners, the king's falconer, had the custody of the 
 king's Mews at Charinge granted to him: p and Richard II, in the first 
 year of his reign, appointed Sir Simon Burley, knight, master of the kings 
 falcons at the Mews, near Charing Cross, by Westminster. In the subsequent 
 reigns this building continued to be used for its original purpose and desti- 
 nation; but in 1534, 28 Henry VIII, the king's stables at Bloomsbury, or 
 Lomesbury, as it was then called, having been accidentally burnt, the house 
 called the Mews, near Charing Cross, was rebuilt; and in the reigns of Ed- 
 ward VI and queen Mary converted into stabling. From this building, its 
 first use, and subsequent application, it has of late years been customary to 
 give to any range of buildings erected for stabling, the appellation of a Mews. 
 
 Stow, lGl8, p. 836 1633, p. 493. 
 
 p Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 1582. 
 
 Records at the Tower. 
 
13 
 
 Of this house Stow says, that in his time it was the farthest building west 
 on the north side of that high street." 3 
 
 The site of the village of Charing is even now unequivocally ascer- 
 tained by the name of Charing Cross, which that part of the street still 
 bears, in allusion to a cross erected there by Edward I, in the twenty-first 
 year of his reign/ in memory of its being one, and indeed the last, of those 
 spots where the body of his deservedly beloved and truly excellent queen 
 rested in its way to Westminster Abbey for interment. A range of houses 
 on each side of what is now the street, was probably at that time the whole 
 of the village; and to some, at least, of these houses there appear to have 
 been gardens, probably behind, and which, on the west side of the street, 
 abutted on what is now St. James's Park. It was then only land belonging 
 to the abbot and convent of Westminster, who, in 1531, exchanged it with 
 Henry VIU, S and surrounded, as it is supposed, with an high stone wall. 
 The cross at Charing, when standing, as it was till the year 1647, though 
 Strype erroneously says it was pulled down in 1643/ was of white marble, 
 and of the form represented in the cut on the next page, which is given 
 from a very scarce quarto pamphlet, entitled, c A Dialogue between the 
 Crosse in Cheap and Charing Crosse, comforting each other as fearing their 
 fall in these uncertaine times. By Ryhen Pameach, 4to. printed 1641. u Two 
 bishops are represented in the act of supporting it, and over the tallest of the 
 two are these words: 
 
 Helpe Wren, or we 
 are undone men. 
 
 To which the other answers: 
 
 It shall not fall, 
 To ruin all. 
 
 Dr. Matthew Wren was bishop of Ely from 1638 to 1667, in which last 
 year he died at the age of seventy-one. Before his promotion to Ely he had 
 been successively bishop of Hereford and Norwich." 
 
 1 Stow, 1618, p. 836 — 1633, p. 493. r Stow, 1618, p. 83Q.— 1633, p. 495. 
 
 ' Widmore's Hist, of Westm. Abbey, p. 123. 1 Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 77. 
 
 " For the ability to insert this the publisher and author are indebted to Mr. Manson the book- 
 seller, who kindly lent the book, that the cut might be engraven from it. 
 
 x Godwin De Prsesulibus Angliae, edit. Richardson, p. 276. 
 
14 
 
 The author of the above-mentioned tract, whose name is disguised by 
 the transposition of the letters of which it consists, was Henry Peacham, a 
 master of arts, of the university of Cambridge, well known as the writer of a 
 small quarto volume, entitled, 'The Complete Gentleman,' a book of Emblems 
 in small quarto also, and a small quarto tract, with the title of ' The Worth 
 of a Penny;' and from this dialogue between the Cross in Cheap and Charing 
 Cross, the following particulars, as to the history of this latter, may be col- 
 lected. In 1641 the cross, at its top, had been down fourscore and odd 
 years; and this fact is pointed out in this dialogue, but so obscurely, that 
 the evidence for it requires to be stated: Cheap Cross, at the opening of the 
 dialogue, says she is so crossed that she fears her utter ruin and destruc- 
 tion is at hand; to which Charing Cross replies, 'Sister of Westcheap, crosses 
 6 are incident to us, and all our kindred; the time hath been when I have 
 * been crossed too, but I have been free, without, these fourscore and odd years/ 
 Cheap Cross then proceeds thus: ' Happy are you, and long may you so 
 £ continue.' — Charing Cross. ' But what's the greatest cross that hath be- 
 1 fallen you?' — Cheap. ' Nay, sister, if my cross were fallen, I should live at 
 
15 
 
 ' a great deal more heart's ease than I do/ — Charing. 4 I believe it is the 
 4 cross upon your head, that hath brought you into this trouble, is it not?' 
 
 There is great quibbling in this part, and indeed in the rest of the dia- 
 logue, on the different senses of the word cross. In some instances, in the 
 above passage, it is to be understood as meaning crosses and afflictions, in 
 others, the form of the cross with which both crosses were originally orna- 
 mented. This last is the only sense that can be consistently applied to that 
 part where the fourscore and odd years is mentioned; because, in a subse- 
 quent part of the dialogue, enumerating the dangers she had encountered, 
 she says, the greatest danger of all she was in, was in the time of king James, 
 for that she was eight times begged. James I. came to the crown in 1603/ 
 and, consequently, it could not in 1641 be fourscore and odd years, or any 
 thing like that time, since she had experienced crosses and afflictions. 
 
 From this tract it further appears that Charing Cross had been searched 
 and undermined by her enemies many a time, but that it was ever too hard 
 for them; that it was made all of white marble, which was not perceived by 
 every one, and so cemented with mortar, made of the purest lime, Callis 
 sand, whites of eggs, and the strongest wort; that it defied all hatchets and 
 hammers whatsoever; that first, in Henry the eighth's days, it was begged, 
 and should have been degraded; for having, as it had, a stately ascent of many 
 steps, it should have been taken off from them. 
 
 In Edward the sixth's time, when Somerset House was building, this cross 
 was in danger : after that, in the reign of queen Elizabeth, one of her foot- 
 men had like to have run away with it; but the greatest danger of all it was 
 in, was in the time of king James, for it was eight times begged. It appears 
 further from this tract, that this cross was so weather-beaten and torn as to be 
 not worth the begging; but the following were the uses to which it is there 
 said it was destined. Part of it Avas bespoken to make a kitchen chimney 
 for the chief constable in Shoreditch; an innkeeper in Holborn had bargained 
 for as much of it as would have made him two troughs, one to stand under 
 a pump to water his guests horses, and the other to give his swine their meat 
 in. 4 The rest of my poor carcase/ continues the Cross, ' should have been 
 * carried, I know not whither, to the repair of a decayed stone bridge, as I 
 4 was told, on the top of Harrow hill/ It then relates the occasion of erecting 
 this and the other crosses by Edward I, which, as being well known, it is 
 unnecessary here to repeat. 
 
 y Baker's Chion. p. 424. 
 
16 
 
 So much for the history of this cross to the year 1641, as given in this 
 very curious pamphlet, to which may be added, that in 1647 it was pulled 
 down, and some of its stones were employed as pavement before Whitehall y 
 but soon after the restoration of Charles II it was replaced by that exqui- 
 sitely beautiful statue of Charles I which still stands there, and occupies the 
 precise spot where the cross had originally been. 
 
 Below Charing Cross, on the left or eastern side, was a palace for the 
 residence of the king of Scotland when he came to Westminster to attend the 
 parliament/ of which, it seems, he was considered a member, as instances 
 occur, among the records in the Tower, of writs issued to summon him for 
 that purpose; one of these is to be found among the Close Rolls of the 
 twenty-second year of Edward III, part l; b and in a print taken from a copy 
 in the collection of the earl of Buchan, from an ancient limning formerly in 
 the College of Arms, London, which Mr. Pinkerton has inserted in his Icono- 
 graphia Scotica, is a representation of Edward I sitting in parliament, with 
 Alexander, king of Scots, on his right, and Llewellyn, prince of Wales, on 
 his left hand. The spot still retains the appellation of Scotland Yard: of the 
 guard-room since erected on a part of it, a view has already been inserted ; 
 and among its present buildings, the foundations, at least, of some of its ori- 
 ginal stone walls may, by care and diligence, be distinctly traced. Strype, 
 on the authority of a pamphlet entitled £ King Edward Vlth's Title to Scot- 
 land,' printed An. 1548, says of this place, that it was first given by king 
 Edgar, a Saxon king, who reigned about the year 959? to Keneth, or Kynald, 
 king of Scotland, from whom he had received homage for that kingdom; and 
 enjoined the said king Keneth once every year to repair unto him in England 
 for the making of laws, which, in those days, was done by noblemen and peers. 
 To which end the said king Edgar gave that king this piece of ground lying 
 beside the new palace of Westminster, for his residence when he came up; 
 upon which this Keneth built an house, which by him and his posterity was 
 enjoyed until the reign of king Henry II, in whose time, upon the rebellion 
 of William, then king of Scots, it was resumed into the king of England's 
 hands. After that the house went to decay, but the ground where it stood is 
 called Scotland to this day. c 
 
 z Lilly's Observations on the Life of King Charles I, p. 81. 
 a Stow, 16 18, p. 840.— 1(333, p. 490. 
 
 b Transcripts from the Patent and Close Rolls in the hand writing of John Grafton, MS. penes 
 Craven Ord, Esq. c Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 4. 
 
17 
 
 It is much to be wished, on the present occasion, that Strype, instead of 
 giving the substance of this account, had inserted the very words of his 
 author, and that it had appeared whence this author himself had derived his 
 intelligence ; and whether in giving the local situation he had only followed 
 the original description, or, to make it more intelligible, had introduced par- 
 ticulars not existing before his own time: for, according as the words, 4 the 
 new palace of Westminster/ are to be referred to one or another period, their 
 signification and importance will be very different. If the expression were 
 Strype's own, or that of the author of the tract which he has cited, it might 
 imply the palace of Whitehall. No instance is, indeed, recollected where 
 that has been called the new palace of Westminster ; though, by act of par- 
 liament, 28 Henry VIII, cap. 12, it was enacted, that Whitehall, and the soil 
 of the ancient palace, should be thenceforth the king's whole palace at West- 
 minster, and be called and named the king's palace at Westminster for ever; d 
 but if, on the contrary, they are the words of any record or authority prior to 
 the twenty-first year of Henry VIII, when that king obtained Whitehall, 6 
 they could only mean the old palace in Palace Yard, and would then furnish 
 a sufficient ground for asserting that it had been built by king Edgar; neither 
 in contradiction to this supposition could much stress be laid on the use of 
 the word ' beside,' as denoting that the boundaries of each must have been 
 contiguous; because, in all probability, the record or authority on that occa- 
 sion was in Latin, where the word in question was expressed by the Latin 
 preposition, 4 juxta,' which may just as well mean ' near,' or ' in the neigh- 
 bourhood of,' as it may * bordering upon,' or 4 by the side of.' f 
 
 Matthew Paris, edit. 1640, p. 600, speaking of the death of Hubert de 
 Burg, earl of Kent, the owner of Whitehall, mentions his noble palace, and 
 says it was not far distant from the palace of earl Richard, near Westmin- 
 ster; and among the Patent Rolls of the eleventh year of Henry VI, part 1, 
 is a grant to John Rysby of the office of keeping the palace called Prince's 
 paleys at Westminster, with the wages of three pence a day, in the same man- 
 ner as Simon Bralien, deceased, held it while he lived. 5 Earl Richard was 
 unquestionably Richard, earl of Cornwall, and king of the Romans, brother 
 of Henry III : h but it is neither clear where either of the two palaces, if they 
 
 d Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 5. « Ibid. f Calcpin's Diet. edit. 1681. 
 
 ■ Transcripts from the Patent and Close Rolls before cited. " Sandford's Genealog. 
 
 Hist, of the Kings of England, edit. 1677, p. 95. 
 
 D 
 
18 
 
 were distinct buildings, was situated; nor whether, in fact, they were not one 
 and the same. In the neighbourhood of Whitehall, which is the only guide 
 mentioned, no traces of any building remain so likely as the palace in Scot- 
 land Yard to answer the description of earl Richard's palace; and if it is 
 recollected, that that by the rebellion of the then king of Scots, had in the 
 time of Henry II, been resumed into the king's hands,' it will appear far from 
 an improbable conjecture, that it might afterwards have been used for the 
 residence of several members of the royal family in succession. Among 
 others it might have been occupied by Richard, earl of Cornwall ; and from 
 the circumstance of its illustrious inhabitants, be known in the time of 
 Henry VI, and the custody of it then granted, by the appellation of the 
 Prince's palace at Westminster. 
 
 A little beyond Scotland Yard, on the same side of the street, Avas the 
 palace of Whitehall, originally the property and residence of Hugo, or Hu- 
 bert de Burg, earl of Kent, chief justice of England in the reign of Hen. III. 
 Among the old charters in the Tower are several grants to Hubert de Burg 
 of houses, a court, chapel, &c. in the town of Westminster, and of land called 
 More, which, it is there said, lies between the hospital of St. James, and the 
 the moor or marsh of John Chancellor. Dugdale says in his Baronage, 
 vol. i, p. 699, among other particulars, that in consideration of 140 marks of 
 silver, Hubert de Burg purchased from the monks of Westminster the inhe- 
 ritance of certain houses, with a court and free chapel, wherein to celebrate 
 divine service for himself and family, within the liberties of Westminster; 
 paying yearly to them, and their successors, a wax taper of three pounds 
 weight, upon the feast day of St. Edward. And Matthew Paris, edit. 1640, 
 p. 600, speaking of the death of Hubert de Burg, earl of Kent, relates, that 
 he gave at his death to the Friars Predicant, among other things, his noble 
 palace, which is not far distant from the palace of earl Richard near 
 W r estminster. k His death happened in 1242, and the Preaching or Black 
 Friars of Holborn soon after sold it, as an archiepiscopal palace, to Walter 
 Gray, archbishop of York, who died in 1255.' He, and his successors in that 
 see, so enjoyed it till the time of cardinal Wolsey, from whom Henry VIII 
 obtained it in 1529, m and converted it into a regal palace, fixing here his resi- 
 dence; because, as the act of parliament for that purpose n states, the old 
 
 Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 4. k Mat. Paris, edit. 1640, p. 597- 1 Godwin, p. 679. 
 
 m Stow, 1G18, p. 839.— 1633, p- 495. Godwin, 679- n 21 H. VIII, cap. 12. 
 
 Strype, book vi, p. 5. 
 
19 
 
 palace at Westminster, meaning that in Palace Yard, was then, and had been 
 long time before, in utter ruin and decay. 
 
 From the time of king Henry VIII, down to January 1697/ when it was 
 consumed by fire, this palace is known to have been resided in by the several 
 successive monarchs of this realm. Rooms, to the amount of seventy in 
 number, were, till very lately, remaining; and a plan of the whole, as it was in 
 the year 1680, was made by John Fisher, a surveyor at that time, and afterwards 
 engraven by V ertue. Some of these rooms were in the same state, or nearly 
 so, as when it was the residence of the court; but others internally altered, 
 and granted out to various inhabitants. A part of the old palace, next the 
 water, was occupied by the late duchess dowager of Portland; a view of which, 
 from the water, has been already given in a former plate ; but all these rooms 
 have, since the drawing was made for this work, been pulled down, and other 
 houses or dwellings have been erected on the site. The present duke of 
 Richmond's house, in Privy Garden, stands also on a spot of ground formerly 
 belonging to the same palace, as did also an house adjoining, but more towards 
 the water, in which the duke formerly resided. Of this last-mentioned house, 
 which had a cupola, a view is given in the Cut underneath; 
 
 and contiguous to that, but close to the water, was a gallery for statues. 
 About 1778, that part next the water was, together with this gallery, pulled 
 down, for the erection of another house, which last house wasdcslroycd by 
 fire in 1791- This gallery was, for a time, accessible to young artists for the 
 
 • Strype, book vi, p. 5. p New View of London, p. 578, 625. 
 
20 
 
 purpose of study, and, before its destruction, a picture exhibiting a view of 
 Westminster; and, including that among other objects, had been painted 
 by Canaletti, which is now in the possession of the Hon. Percy Wynd- 
 ham; from which, by the indulgence of its owner, so much has been copied 
 as represented these buildings. 
 
 It is scarcely to be supposed that, in the time of Hubert de Burg's resi- 
 dence here, there was any thing like that noble space which the width of the 
 street opposite Whitehall now affords. On the contrary, the probability 
 seems to be, that there was not, and it is far more likely that it did not at 
 that time exceed the breadth of the present King Street. Passing by White- 
 hall the way was continued along a street of this same width, which originally 
 had on its eastern side the wall of part of the garden, or orchard, or other 
 ground, belonging to Whitehall,* 1 as may be seen in Fisher's plan before men- 
 tioned; and on the western, the wall of that enclosure since converted into St. 
 James's park: but when Henry VIII had acquired possession of Whitehall, 
 he, in 1531, by exchange with the abbot and convent of Westminster, pro- 
 cured to himself this enclosure, part of which he converted into the before- 
 mentioned park;' and on the rest he erected a tennis-court, a cock-pit, a 
 bowling-alley, a long stone gallery, for some time occupied by the late 
 duke of Dorset, but now by lord Whitworth, and other buildings, many 
 of which are wholly, or in part, still remaining. These he connected with 
 the palace on the opposite side by two gateways across the street; one 
 of them at the north or hither end of King Street, which was demolished in 
 1723 ; s the other nearer Charing Cross, adjoining the north east corner of the 
 before-mentioned gallery. Hans Holbein is said to have designed this latter 
 gate,' which, after having been long used as the State Paper Office, was, in 
 1750, removed to widen the street. By these gateways, and the before-men- 
 tioned walls, the street was confined to the breadth of 4 King Street, which, 
 most probably, was the width of the way in the time of Hubert de Burg, 
 Henry VIII having, in this instance, apparently done nothing more than 
 erected two gateways over a street already formed, for the purpose of uniting 
 his new buildings on the west with those which existed before on the east 
 side of the way. 
 
 Of these two gates a description is given in the New View of London, 
 
 i Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 5. Stow, 1633, p. 496.— 1618, p. 841. r Widmore's Hist, 
 
 of Wcstm. Abbey, p. 123. s See tbe Antiquarian Society's print of it. 
 
 1 See the print of it published by the Antiquarian Society. 
 
Engraven Try J \7eaJtes 
 
21 
 
 printed, in 1708. Introduction, p. 11. One of them is stiled Westminster 
 Gate, and said to be an ancient piece of building, opening out of the Cock- 
 pit to King Street, in the north part of Westminster. ' The structure is old, 
 with the remains of several figures, the queen's arms, roses, &c. whereby it 
 ' was enriched. It hath four towers, and the south side is adorned with 
 6 pilasters and entablature of the Ionic Order. There are also in Westminster 
 ' the gates opening out of New Palace Yard and Tu thill Street/ From the 
 omission to mention it here, it is evident that the gate at the end of King 
 Street, leading into the Sanctuary of the Abbey church of Westminster, must 
 have been removed before this time. 
 
 The other, termed Cock-pit Gate, is said to be an extraordinarily beautiful 
 gate considering its antiquity: ' it is built of square stone, with small squares 
 
 * of flint boulder very neatly set. It has also battlements and four lofty 
 
 * towers, and the whole is enriched with bustos, roses, portcullises, and 
 
 * queens arms, both on the north and south sides. There are no gates hung 
 
 * at present, but the hinges shew there have been; this is an aperture from 
 
 * the Cock-pit into the broad part of Charing Cross, before Whitehall Gate/ 
 
 Views of both these gates have been engraven and published by the An- 
 tiquarian Society; but of that which has been said to have been designed by 
 Holbein, it has been judged proper here to insert an engraving, in aquatinla, 
 from the original drawing containing the additions which wer at one time 
 intended to have been made to it. Very few persons, if any, besides those 
 whose information has been supplied for this work, are at all acquainted with 
 the subsequent history of this edifice after its removal from Whitehall; and 
 the following particulars are therefore given from the relation of the work- 
 man employed, and the only person, perhaps, now living, to whom they were 
 known. 
 
 On the taking down the gate it was begged and obtained by William, 
 duke of Cumberland, the son of George II, and then ranger of Windsor parks 
 and forest, with intention to erect it at the end of the long walk in the great 
 park. For this purpose Mr. Thomas Sandby, an architect by profession, and 
 also deputy-ranger of the great park, was employed to design, as he did, 
 wings to it : and from his original drawing, now in the possession of Mr. John 
 Manson the bookseller, who very kindly communicated it for the use of the 
 present work, the interesting and curious view in the opposite plate has been 
 obtained. The stones of the gate were accordingly removed, but the inten- 
 tion for erecting it at the end of the great walk not taking effect, they were 
 
22 
 
 many of them, by the duke's direction, worked up by Mr. Slingsby, now 
 stone-mason to the king, and still living at Windsor, in several different build- 
 ings erected by the duke in the great park there. A medallion from it is in 
 one of the fronts of a keeper's lodge near the head of the Virginia Water, 
 near World's End gate, as it is corruptly called, instead of the Wold's End 
 gate ; Wold, in Saxon, from whence our English is well known to be derived, 
 signifying equally a plain, a down, or an open champaign ground, hilly 
 and void of wood." A similar medallion, part of it also, is in another cottage, 
 built about thirteen or fourteen years ago, and inhabited by a person named 
 Bradley and his wife; which cottage is also in the great park, and accessible 
 from the road from Peascod Street by the barracks. Other stones form the 
 basement as high as the dado or moulding, and also the cornice, of the inside 
 of a chapel at the great lodge; which chapel was begun in the duke's life, 
 but unfinished at his death, in consequence of which event it remains in the 
 same state/ 
 
 Mr. Pennant, p. 99, speaking of this gate, describes it as built with bricks 
 of two colours, glazed, and disposed in a tessellated fashion. The top, he 
 says, as well as that of an elegant tower on each side, was embattled, and 
 adds, that on each front were four busts in baked clay, in proper colours, 
 which resisted to the last every attack of the weather; possibly the artificial 
 stone revived in this country. These, he tells his reader, he has been lately 
 informed, were preserved in a private hand. This gate was not of brick, as 
 Mr. Pennant has said, but of small square stones and flint boulder ; y but that 
 there were in it such busts as Pennant describes, is evident both from the 
 Antiquarian Society's print, and the drawing from which this view in the 
 present work was taken. As Mr. Pennant's account, however, is so vague 
 and superficial, some pains have been exerted on the present occasion to 
 ascertain the facts; and, in the course of the enquiry it was learnt, that the 
 busts were in number four on each side, that they had ornamented mould- 
 ings round them, and that they were of baked clay, in proper colours, and 
 glazed in the manner of Delft ware, which had preserved them entire. From 
 another quarter intelligence was obtained that after the gate Avas taken down, 
 three of the busts were in the possession of a man who kept an old iron shop 
 
 u Somner's Glossary. 
 
 x For the knowledge that any information of this kind was to be had, and for procuring it for 
 this work from Mr. Slingsby, the author and proprietor are indebted to Benjamin West, Esq. 
 y Hatton's New View of London, 1708. Introduction, p. 11. 
 
LondonJhilurhed astAe ^ict directs l^Janiuzry l#04.byJohn '/nomas Smith. JV°3ff.JVewmttn Street, Oxford Street. 
 
23 
 
 in Belton Street, St. Giles's ; and that the busts were supposed to have been 
 stolen (when the gate was taken down), and were afterwards sold to this man, 
 who had them three or four years. Mr. Wright the coach maker, who then 
 lived in Long Acre, seeing them in the shop, bought them, and employed Mr. 
 Flaxman the sculptor, then a boy, to repair them. They were in Terra Cotta, 
 and coloured and gilt. The dress of one of the busts was painted dark red, 
 and the ornaments gilt; among which were alternately the Rose and H, and 
 the Crown and R in gold. Mr. Flaxman repaired them for Mr. Wright the 
 purchaser, about thirty-four years ago; which, as this account was given in 
 or about the year 1803, would be about 1769- 
 
 On mentioning these particulars to another gentleman, 2 he recollected 
 that the Mr. Wright above mentioned, had lived in an house called Hatfield 
 Priory, at Hatfield Peverell, near Witham, in Essex, and suggested the pro- 
 bability of these busts being in the possession of his descendant, who still 
 lived there; and, on writing to a friend in that neighbourhood, 3 it was learnt 
 that they were actually there. By this friend's means permission was obtained 
 to see and copy them, and in the year 1803, Mr. Smith went down for that 
 purpose. They were then, and still are, in the possession of Peter Luard 
 Wright, Esq. his descendant; and Mr. Bennet, a clergyman, who has the living 
 there, has been repeatedly told by Mr. Wright, the purchaser, that they 
 were busts of Henry VII, Henry VIII when sixteen, and Fisher bishop of 
 Rochester. By the indulgence of Mr. Wright, the present possessor, drawings 
 were made from them by Mr. Smith, and from those drawings the plate on 
 the opposite page is engraven. They are of Terra Cotta, larger than life, and 
 very probably by Torregiano, who executed the monument of Henry VII, in 
 Westminster Abbey, but have been repainted in oil of a Terra Cotta colour. 
 
 Another of the busts which were formerly in this gate, is still in the front 
 of one of the keepers' lodges in Windsor Great Park, where the author and pro- 
 prietor of this work, through the kindness of Mr. W est, who went with them and 
 pointed it out, saw it in the month of September 1805. The way to this lodge 
 is over a stile on the left hand from the road leading down PeascodStrcel, 
 Windsor, by the barracks ; but as it seemed to be an head of one of the Roman 
 emperors, and was not by the same hand, it was not thought worth copying. 
 Another also, probably of the same kind with this, is said to be in the front 
 of a similar lodge, near the head of the Virginia Wate r, in Windsor Great 
 Park. 
 
 z Henry Iloarc, Esq. 
 
 a The Rev. Mr. Foote Gowciv, who kindly invited the proprietor to coine down to him, and 
 went over with him to Hatfield Peverell. 
 
24 
 
 It is a well known tact that Inigo Jones made designs for re-building the 
 whole of Whitehall; and prints have been engraven professing to have been 
 taken from those designs. Of these there are three sets, all differing from each 
 other; one of them, consisting of views of the fronts, is inserted in Campbells 
 Vitruvius Britannicus, printed in 1717- Another set, amounting in all to fifty- 
 seven plates, and comprehending the elevations of the fronts, and also of the 
 several portions of each on a larger scale, together with plans of the whole, 
 constitutes two-thirds of the first volume of Inigo Jones's Designs, published by 
 Kent, in large folio, in 17^7; and the third set, consisting of four large prints, 
 exhibiting the four fronts, was published by lord Burlington, in 1748 and 
 1749- All these taken together, lord Orford has said he believes were from 
 no finished design; and the first set here mentioned he in particular declares 
 to be, in his opinion, evidently made up from general hints. 6 In such a va- 
 riety of contradictory representations, it is much to be wished some pains 
 were taken to ascertain the fact which set is the most to be relied on, as the 
 original drawings are in existence in the library of Worcester College, Ox- 
 ford/ Mr. Dallaway says those in the Vitruvius Britannicus are not genuine ; d 
 but he has not said whether either, and if either, which of the other two sets 
 is correct. It is, perhaps, not generally known that Sir Christopher Wren 
 also made three sets of designs for the same purpose: one in the reign of 
 Charles II, the other two in that of king William, after the fire in 1697 ; and 
 also a plan and elevation for a new Parliament House at Westminster, with 
 which the proposed buildings at Whitehall were meant to communicate. 
 The designs for Charles II were three in number; one of the sets for king 
 William, eight; and the other four. e 
 
 For the purpose of introducing tw r o very curious views, representing the 
 most material part of St. James's Park, and many of the buildings part of, or 
 belonging to, the palace of Whitehall, as they were in the time of king 
 Charles II; which, like many others in the present work, have been very 
 liberally and kindly communicated by their possessors: it has been judged 
 proper to quit at Whitehall the line of the main street by a temporary devia- 
 tion into St. James's Park, on the opposite side of the way. 
 
 Of these two views the uppermost is supposed to be the oldest, and some 
 particulars in it deserve especial notice: for at the north end of Westminster 
 Hall are placed three poles, with heads evidently on them, which were cer- 
 
 b Anecdotes of Painting, 8vo. Lond. 1782. — vol. ii, p. 266. 
 
 c Pope's Works by Warton, vol. vii, p. 322, as cited by Mr. Dallaway in his Anecdotes of the 
 Arts, p. 64. d Dallaway, ibid. e See them particularized in Wren's Parentalia, p. 334. 
 
25 
 
 tainly those put there as being supposed the heads of Cromwell, Ireton, and 
 Bradshaw, as appears from the following account inserted in a modern quarto 
 pamphlet, entitled, Narrative relating to the real embalmed head of Oliver 
 Cromwell, now exhibiting in Mead Court, in Old Bond Street, 1799- ' After 
 4 the restoration, viz. in January 1661, the bodies of Oliver Cromwell, his 
 ' son-in-law Henry Ireton, who had been lord deputy of Ireland, and John 
 ' Bradshaw, who, as president of the pretended high court of justice, had 
 4 pronounced sentence of death on king Charles the First, were, by a vote 
 4 of the House of Commons, passed on the 8 Dec. 1660, taken out of their 
 4 graves by John Lewis, a mason, as appears by his receipt as follows: 
 
 " May the 4th day lC6l, rec. then in full of the worshipfull 
 " Sargeant Norfolke * fiveteen shillings for taking up the corpes of Cromell 
 " and Ireton & Brasaw rec. by mee. 
 
 " JOHN LEWIS." 
 
 ' The coffins containing the bodies of Cromwell and Ireton, were taken 
 4 up on Saturday the 26 January, 1660; and on the Monday night fol- 
 4 lowing were drawn in two several carts from Westminster Abbey to the 
 ' Red Lion Inn in Holborn, where they remained all night; Bradshaw was 
 
 * not taken up until the morning following; and on the anniversary of 
 
 * king Charles's death, 30th January, 1660, all the three coffins were 
 4 conveyed upon sledges to Tyburn, and the bodies there taken out and 
 ' hanged at the three several angles of the gallows until sunset. They were 
 
 * then beheaded, the trunks thrown into a deep pit under the gallows, and 
 4 the heads set upon poles on the top of Westminster Hall/ The anonymous 
 author of this tract mentions, p. 7, Mr. SainthiU's manuscript, quoted in 
 Noble's Memoirs, vol.i. p. 290, in which manuscript he says the author men>- 
 lions his being an eye-witness of the state of the bodies, and that Cromwell's 
 was in green cere-cloth, very fresh embalmed. In the same pamphlet, and 
 page 7> it is said that the tradition respecting the head of Oliver Cromwell 
 was, that on a stormy night, in the latter end of the reign of Charles or James 
 the second, it was blown off" from the top of Westminster Hall, and that it was 
 taken up and soon after presented to one of the Russell family. 
 
 This particular enumeration of facts was necessary in order to fix the dale 
 of this view to the time of Charles II ; and from the circumstances before- 
 mentioned it appears, the drawing from which the engraving was taken, 
 could not have been made before January 30, 1660, which, as the year did 
 
 * Supposed to be of the Heralds' Office. 
 E 
 
26 
 
 not then change till the 25th of March, would now be accounted 1661: but 
 as it also represents the canal, which was cut and planted by Charles 11/ it 
 is probable it is not older than the middle of his reign. In the other view, 
 in a front situation, is represented a man walking with his hat on, and his 
 hands behind him, so like Charles II in figure and appearance, as to leave 
 scarcely any doubt of its being intended for him, especially when it is ob- 
 served that every man there introduced, (of which, besides the figure in ques- 
 tion, there are five) is, together with the only boy in it, all uncovered, and 
 with their hats in their hands. That Charles II was accustomed to walk in 
 St. James's Park is evident from an address to him from the House of Lords, 
 drawn up in Oct. l6?8, and in which, among other things, they beseech him 
 to give orders that all persons forbidden as aforesaid, [viz. mean and unwar- 
 ranted people,] should be made to abstain from following his majesty in 
 St. James's Park, and that all the private doors there should be Availed up. 6 
 The former of these views, besides other buildings of no moment, gives the 
 upper part and turrets of what is now Northumberland House; the upper 
 part of Wallingford House, where the present Admiralty now stands; the 
 Banquetting-House; the gate said to be Holbein's, at Whitehall; the Cock- 
 pit; the gate at the north end of King Street; the clock tower in New Palace 
 Yard; the gate on the west side of New Palace Yard; Westminster Hall; the 
 tower of the parish church of St. Margaret, Westminster; and lastly, West- 
 minster Abbey itself, in the state in which it appeared before its present 
 towers were in 1735 erected. Four persons are also represented in this view 
 apparently in the act of striking a ball through a ring at the top of a tall 
 pole, which was one method of playing at the game called the Mall. 
 
 In the latter of these two views, the only buildings of note are, the Old 
 Hall of the Palace of Whitehall, the Banquetting-House, Holbein's Gate, 
 the old Horse Guards, the Stone Gallery mentioned above as being now lord 
 Whitworth's, and the Tilt Yard, no longer existing; near which is a staircase 
 leading from the Palace into the Park. 
 
 One of the two gates erected by Henry VIII for the purpose of connecting 
 the buildings on the opposite sides of the street, has been already described as 
 standing at the hither or north end of King Street, very near the end of the pre- 
 sent Downing Street; and though this, while it was standing, as it was till 1723, h 
 
 f Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 77. 
 g The Whole Series of all that hath been transacted in the House of Peers concerning the 
 Popish Plot ; 12mo. Lond. 1681, p. 13. h See the Antiquarian Society's Print. 
 
27 
 
 was the only access from Charing Cross to Westminster Abbey, Westminster 
 Hall, and the two Houses of Parliament; nor was it till the building of West- 
 minster Bridge, the first stone of which was laid in January 1738-9, and the 
 last in November 1747,' and the consequent opening of Parliament Street, 
 for which the destruction of the palace of Whitehall by fire in 1697 had made 
 way, that any more convenient passage to either of those places was found 
 out. King Street then, as well as now, seems to have consisted of none but 
 inferior buildings, but might, probably, when originally erected, not have 
 been so inadequate in width to the purpose of a free passage, as it latterly 
 proved, considering the mode of conveyance then used was on horseback, 
 and not as now, in coaches and such vehicles. 
 
 In King Street, as has been before noticed, was, at the end of Gardeners 
 Lane, a bridge. Further down on the west side of the street, very near its 
 south end, was a turning, still existing, and known by the name of Thieving 
 Lane, from the circumstance of its having been, while the privilege of sanc- 
 tuary existed, the customary passage for thieves, and other offenders, when 
 led to the Gatehouse prison of the abbot of Westminster, situated at the east 
 end of Tothill Street; the reason for which custom seems to have been, that 
 had they once entered, as they must have done in going any other way, the 
 sanctuary of the abbey, they would have been liberated. A little below that was, 
 as now, a turning into The Little Sanctuary, and the street was terminated at 
 its south end by a gatehouse which led into the sanctuary of the abbey church 
 of Westminster. On the east side of King Street, near the bridge, was a 
 small passage running eastward, called St. Stephen's Alley, and leading into 
 the present Canon How, where the houses of the canons of St. Stephen's 
 chapel at one time were.* Nearly opposite to the end of the present George 
 Street, was a turning on the east side of the street also, which led to the 
 market; and on the same side of the way, where Union Street now is, stood 
 a stone gateway, erected by Richard III in 1484,' the top of which may 
 be seen in the uppermost of the two views of St. James's Park, before in- 
 serted; and through this gate, which was probably creeled in the place of 
 one more ancient, the way led to New Palace Yard, but in 1706* this gale 
 was removed." 
 
 New Palace Yard, so called because William Rufus had intended and 
 begun to erect a new palace in il, of which the present Westminster Hall 
 
 ! Maitland, 1350. k Stow, 1618, p. 811.— 1(>33, p. 4<)6. 
 
 'Stow, 1G33, p. j<24.— 1G18, p. 891. m Maitland, p. 1341. 
 
28 
 
 v as meant as a part, is correctly described by Stow," as being a large court 
 before the entrance of the palace, and was anciently enclosed with a wall, 
 in which were four gates. That on the west side lias been already mentioned 
 as situate at the east end of Union Street; the second was on the south side, 
 at the end of St. Margaret's Lane, now called St. Margaret's Street ; the third 
 on the east side, or that next the river, which, with a bridge, or landing place, 
 there is still remaining; and the fourth gate was on the north side, and led 
 to Canon Row and the Woolstaple. Of that on the east side leading to the 
 water, the only one now remaining, a view, as it appears from the river, is 
 inserted in the opposite plate. 
 
 On the west and north sides, it is probable, that originally there was no- 
 thing but a stone wall, though at present they, like the rest, are surrounded 
 with houses; but in Edward the first's reign, p Sir Ralph Hengham, chief jus- 
 tice of the King's Bench, having been fined eight hundred marks for altering 
 a record, though from motives only of mere compassion, that sum was laid 
 out in the erection of a stone tower on the north side of New Palace Yard, 
 opposite to the gate of Westminster Hall.' 1 The spot where it stood is still 
 ascertained by a dial in the front of one of the houses since erected on its 
 site, with the motto, Discite justitiam moniti, from Virgil, plainly alluding 
 to the occasion of the erection of this tower. In this tower was afterwards 
 placed a clock, for which reason it was known, till its removal, in or 
 about the year 1715, by the appellation of the Clock Tower at Westminster. 
 In the reign of Henry VI, the keeping of this clock, with the tower called 
 the Clock House, and the appurtenances, was granted to William Walsby, 
 dean of St. Stephen's, with the wages of sixpence a day out of the Ex- 
 chequer:' and a view of it may be seen in Hollar's print of New Palace 
 Yard, which bears date in 1647- A fountain, which, as Stow 5 says, was 
 used at coronations, and great triumphs, to run with wine out of divers spouts, 
 stood in front of this tower, or near it; and of this fountain also there is a 
 representation in Hollar's print before mentioned, but it has since been 
 removed. 
 
 The south side of New Palace Yard was occupied, as now, by the north 
 end of Westminster Hall, and other buildings, some of which were, and are 
 still part of the receipt offices of the Exchequer, and other rooms belonging 
 
 n Stow, 1633, p. o24.— 1618, p. 894. 
 Maitland, 1341. P Dugdale's Orig. Jurid. Chronica series, p. 32. 
 
 * Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 5. r Stow, 1618, p. 894.— 1633, p. 524. ' Ibid. 
 
London Fubhihed as Ike ^Act diverts l^JHarck.lSO^-.iy John Thomas Smzt?i.JV*36.JVeivman Street, 
 
 Oxford JYreef 
 
29 
 
 to the palace; and on the east side, or that next the water, stood other rooms, 
 part also of the palace. But many of these rooms appear to have been 
 rebuilt; those on the south about the time of Henry VIII, those on the east 
 in that of queen Elizabeth, and accordingly this last-mentioned range bears 
 over one of its doors the date 1602, the figures of which are, however, divided 
 for the admission of the device of two roses, which, in allusion to her descent 
 from the houses of York and Lancaster, was one of her cognizance.' It is 
 here also placed on a slar, the reason for which last circumstance has not ap- 
 peared, unless it was in allusion to the name of the room to which it led, 
 though, perhaps, it might be one of the multitude of devices she is known to 
 have used." The door over which this date occurs, may be seen in the view 
 of the entrance to the Speaker's Court Yard, already given, and the room 
 to which it leads was once the famous Star Chamber. The ceiling; of this 
 room, which is extremely beautiful, and of oak, and was formerly gilt, is 
 constructed on squares, nine in breadth and fifteen in length. It is appa- 
 rently not older than the time of queen Elizabeth, as the roses and date on 
 the outside seem to have been carved by the same hand. A representation 
 of it is exhibited in the plate, which is also a specimen of engraving on iron, 
 and not copper, as it was thought the former mode would admit of a greater 
 degree of sharpness in the ornaments. In this ceiling arc also the devices 
 of two roses, one placed on the other, portcullises, pomegranates, and fleurs- 
 de-lys. This Star Chamber is said by Strype, book vi, p. 51, to have been 
 the ancient council chamber within the king's palace of Westminster. 
 
 In the south east corner of New Palace Yard was, as now, a turning 
 ihrough a gateway under some of these buildings, leading into a square 
 court, called, in the memory of persons now living, St. Stephen's Court; on 
 the further or south side of which were the cloisters belonging to St. Stephen's 
 chapel. These cloisters now constitute one portion of the Speaker's House, 
 and, united with them, was the still existing Chapter House of that chapel; 
 and also a square stone tower, yet in part standing, which last also adjoined 
 to the east side of Westminster Hall." Of the entrance to this court from 
 New Palace Yard, a view has already been inserted, together willi two of its 
 interior appearance, taken from different spots. The buildings on the south 
 are represented in the opposite plate, as to which it may be necessary to 
 remark, that from Westminster Hall westward, to the tower near the low 
 
 ' Sandford, p. 48. 11 Camden's Remains, edit. MS/141, p. 156. 
 
 * It has lately been converted into a best staircase for the Speaker. 
 
30 
 
 public house, as being of slonc, appears to have been part of the old palace, 
 but that from thence to St. Margaret's Street, as being of brick, is probably 
 not older than the time of Henry VIII, and is supposed to have been erected 
 on the stone wall which originally connected that range of buildings with the 
 stone gate then standing at the north end of the present St. Margaret's Street. 
 Till the year 1793 these buildings extended seventy-two feet farther west- 
 ward, but the part now wanting was taken down about that time to widen 
 the end of St. Margaret's Street. 
 
 Strype, book vi, p. 55, has said, that in Palace Yard were anciently pales, 
 within which were two Messes, the one called Paradise, and the other The 
 Constabulary, both of which were, 13 Henry VI, granted to John duke of 
 Bedford; but the precise spot where they stood he has not pointed out. 
 
 On the north side of New Palace Yard, says Stow/ is the south end of 
 St. Stephen's Alley, or Canon Row, and also a way into the old Woolstaple. 
 It does not however appear, from any evidence which has occurred, that the 
 end of Canon Row ever actually came down into Palace Yard, but only 
 reached to the lane leading from the water to the Weigh House. This lane 
 is now converted into Bridge Street; and in that part of the north wall of 
 Palace Yard, opposite to Canon Row, was, probably, in S tow's time, as now, 
 that small arch through which the present passage leads; but whether there 
 was anciently any such gateway or entrance, is doubtful, for the gate before 
 mentioned as existing on that side was, as it should seem from the map of 
 St. Margaret's parish, in Strype's Stow, nearly at the end of the present Par- 
 liament Street, but at that time the way to the Woolstaple from Palace Yard. 
 On the north side of the Woolstaple was a passage turning westward to the 
 market, which stood in Howel's time on the spot where the W oolstaple for- 
 merly was, z and from this w as a way into King Street, 3 as mentioned before. 
 Further to the east, in the lane before spoken of, was the south end of Canon 
 Row, which, at one time, contained the houses for the canons of St. Stephen's 
 chapel ; and though these are no longer existing, and houses, comparatively 
 modern, have been built on the site, it still, from its former use, retains its ancient 
 name; notwithstanding, as has been hinted before, there is reason to think 
 Canon Row a corruption, and that it ought to be denominated Channel Row. b 
 Canon Row reached from the lane above-mentioned, in a northern direction, 
 quite up to the south wall of the orchard or garden of Whitehall palace, 
 
 7 Stow, 1618, p. 894.— r6S3, p. 524. z Howel's Londinopolis, p. 350. 
 
 2 Sec the map of St. Margaret's parish in Strype's Stow, hook vi, p. 40. b See before, p. 3. 
 
31 
 
 through which wall was, in Strype's time, a door occasionally used for pas- 
 sage from the one to the other of those places/ 
 
 Returning into New Palace Yard, and passing through the gate on its 
 south side, along St. Margaret's Lane, was the only way to Old Palace Yard. 
 On the left, or eastern side of this lane, were, probably, some of the inferior 
 offices of the palace, as in later times a square existed there called The Fish 
 Yard; d the spot where this was, is pointed out by the appellation of Old Fish 
 Yard, in a plan hereafter inserted, from a drawing in the possession of Mr. 
 Simco ; and one of the houses nearly adjoining was, so lately as the year 1732, e 
 known by the appellation of the King's Fishmonger's. The only old room 
 among these is one adjoining to the south west corner of Westminster Hall. 
 It is supposed to be as old as the time of Richard II, because it resembles 
 the hall itself, as altered by him, and is used as a waiting room for the ser- 
 vants of the members of the House of Commons. On the west side was, 
 probably, nothing more than a continuation of that stone wall by which New 
 Palace Yard was enclosed on the west, through which wall was a passage 
 leading to the east entrance of St. Margaret's church; and this passage, in 
 the erection of the houses since placed there, has still been preserved. St. 
 Margaret's Lane was terminated at the south, as at its north end, by a gate- 
 way, which led into Old Palace Yard; f for that, like the new, was surrounded 
 by buildings and a wall in which there were gates. 
 
 Of Old Palace Yard, as distinct from the new, Stow makes no mention 
 whatever; neither is it noticed in the folio edition of 1633, or by Strype him- 
 self, though they all speak of Henry the Seventh's Chapel, and the buildings 
 thereabouts. On the west side, near the chapel of our Lady, above the high 
 altar of Westminster Abbey, was at one time a tavern, latterly called The 
 White Rose, though, probably, of much earlier erection than the assumption 
 of that badge as a party distinction; near which, or adjoining either that or 
 the before-mentioned chapel, was also an house or tenement, which in 1399 
 had been leased to Geffrey Chaucer for fifty-three years, from Christmas 1399» 
 if he should so long live, at fifty-three shillings and four-pence yearly," with 
 
 c Strype, book vi, p. 63. d Strype's Stowe, book vi, p. GO. 
 
 e Report from the Committee appointed to view the Cottonian Library, fol. Lond. 173'2, p. 6. 
 f See the large Plan engraved by Vertue. 
 
 e The lease, which has been printed by Godwin in his Life of Chaucer, only describes it as a 
 tenement, with its appurtenances, situated in the garden of the Chapel of St. Mary, AVcst- 
 minster. 
 
32 
 
 a clause against his lodging in it any invader of the church's privileges; 11 an 
 advantage however which he did not long enjoy, as he died on the 25th of 
 October in the next year.' The length of the term of this lease may seem 
 absurd to those who, adopting as correct the year 1328," the date in general 
 assigned for the birth of Chaucer, will, of course, suppose him to have been 
 at this time seventy-one; but decisive evidence has been produced to shew, 
 that in the tenth year of Richard II, 1387, he was forty years of age and 
 upwards, meaning by that only a few months or days more, consequently he 
 was not born till 1347, and in 1399 was only fifty-two instead of seventy-one; 
 but if he had lived to the age of one hundred and five, the lease would have 
 run out. This document consists of a deposition of Chaucer's in that year, in a 
 cause depending in the Court Military, or Court of Honour, or High Court of 
 Chivalry, which can only exist when there is a Lord High Constable of England, 1 
 between Sir Richard Le Scrope and Sir Robert Grosvcnor, for ascertaining the 
 right to bear a particular coat of arms: it was taken on the 12th of October, 
 in that year, before John de Derwentwater, one of the commissioners for exa- 
 mining the witnesses, in the church of St. Margaret, Westminster; and in it 
 Chaucer states himself to be at that time forty years of age and upwards. 1 " 
 All persons properly acquainted with such instruments, know very well, that 
 the word upwards is only meant to include odd months and days, in order 
 that, as the deposition is on oath, the witness may not be guilty of perjury; 
 and that it is never intended or used to imply so much as even one year, but 
 only the fractional parts, such as months and days. The account which 
 Chaucer has given of his age ought therefore to be considered to be as pre- 
 cise, exact, and correct, as if he had decidedly sworn to his being forty, 
 without noticing, by the word upwards, the fractional parts; and his death is 
 acknowledged by his biographers to have been considerably accelerated by 
 the fatigue, anxiety, and vexation, attending the solicitations and law suits, 
 in which he was obliged, after the deposing of Richard II, to engage, for 
 the establishment and renewal of grants made to him by that prince: these 
 grants, with all others of a similar nature, having been declared void by 
 Henry IV, his successor in the kingdom." In 1502, the tavern called The 
 
 b Gough's Anecdotes of British Topography, vol. i, p. 768. 
 
 1 Biographia Brit. edit. 1748, 1303. k Ibid. 1294. 1 Shower's Cases in Parliament. 
 
 m Rotulus Processus in Curia militari in causa armortim inter Ricardum Le Scrope, chevalier, 
 et Robertuin Grosvcnor, chevalier, 13 Ric.II. Inter Miscellanea in Tune Londinensi, as cited 
 by Godwin, vol. i, p. 47U- n Biograph. Brit. 
 
33 
 
 White Rose, this house of Chaucer's, and the chapel of our Lady itself, were, 
 however, all pulled down, for the erection of the present chapel of Hen. VII,° 
 which stands on the spot once occupied by them. 
 
 A little beyond this was a passage between the chapel of our Lady, just 
 mentioned, and the north wall of a close of land at one time belonging to the 
 abbot and convent of Westminster, leading, as now, to that entrance of the 
 abbey ; which, from the interment there of some of the most celebrated of 
 the poets of this country, and the erection of monuments to the memory of 
 others, has of late years, at least, been denominated Poets' Corner; and from 
 this passage to the south west corner of Old Palace Yard, where the Parlia- 
 ment Office now is, was probably only the east wall of the before-men- 
 tioned close. 
 
 Of the Parliament Office, now accessible only through a modern 
 brick house, it is necessary to remark, that it is, in fact, a square stone 
 tower standing behind, but concealed from view by the brick houses in 
 front. It, or rather a great part only of it, was anciently the property of 
 the abbot and convent of Westminster, and was, together with the close 
 above spoken of, conveyed 51 Edward III, 1377, by them to the king, 
 in consideration of a licence granted by him to them for purchasing lands 
 to the extent of forty pounds a year, notwithstanding the statute of Mort- 
 main, 1 ' by which ecclesiastical persons were restricted from purchasing, or 
 receiving as a gift, any landed property. In the entry of this instrument 
 of conveyance, this tower, which is still standing, was described as situate 
 at the corner of the private palace ; q and as it therefore so precisely ascer- 
 tains a fact of importance, not otherwise disclosed, it has been thought 
 fit here to insert a translation from the passage in the manuscript in which it 
 is registered. Widmore, p. 174, speaking of this transaction between the king 
 and the convent, says, the king had from them a part either of a tower which 
 was afterwards the king's jewel house, and is at present the Parliament Office, 
 or else of the ground on which this building stands, and he says he has put 
 the authority in his Appendix, because there may be some doubt as to the 
 meaning of the writer. As, however, an enclosed piece of land adjoining the 
 tower is granted with it, there seems little reason for Widmore's doubt, and 
 the greater probability is, that both the building and ground were intended. 
 
 The original entry here referred to is in Latin, and occurs in a manuscript 
 
 Stow, 1618, p. 848.-1633, p. 499- p Widmore, 174. <> Widmore, 174, & 231. 
 
 F 
 
34 
 
 old Chartulary of the church of Westminster, entitled, Niger Quaternus, 
 preserved among the archives of that church. From the entry, as given by 
 Widmore in his History of Westminster Abbey, p. 231, the following is a 
 faithful translation. 4 In the fifty-first year of the reign of king Edward III, 
 4 on the seventh day of June, our lord the same king gave to the abbot and 
 4 convent of Westminster licence to purchase lands, tenements, and rents, to 
 f the value of forty pounds per annum, notwithstanding the statute of Mort- 
 * main. And this licence was granted in consideration of a great part of a 
 f certain tower in the corner of the private palace towards the south, together 
 4 with a certain enclosure adjoining the tower aforesaid on the west, within the 
 f close of the abbey, and the soil of St. Peter, granted to the king. But be- 
 ' tween the tower aforesaid, and the wall of the Infirmary, where is now the 
 4 aforesaid enclosure, was a foot and carriage way up to the corner of the 
 4 tower, &c/ 
 
 Of this writing Widmore gives the title in Latin; and it is as follows when 
 rendered into English : 
 
 * The king's licence, granted to the abbot of Westminster, for purchasing 
 4 lands and tenements to the value of forty pounds, in consideration of part of 
 4 the tower called the Jewel House, &c. r ' 
 
 As the foot and carriage-w r ay mentioned above as leading up to the tower 
 is still existing, in the form of a stable-yard, or mews, and extends from Col- 
 lege Street in the direction here described; and as the present College garden, 
 which is only separated from this passage by a wall, is known to have been 
 originally the garden of the Infirmary, there can be no doubt as to the build- 
 ing meant. Two views of it are given in the plate on the opposite page; 
 that exhibiting its south-west appearance was taken from the north or upper 
 
 r N° XX. From the Niger Quaternus, folio 79- 
 
 Anno regni regis Echvardi tertii quinquagesimo primo, septimo die Junii, idem dominus rex 
 licentiam dedit abbati et conventui Westmonasterii, perquirendi terras, tenementa, et redditus, ad 
 valorem quadraginta librarum per annum, Statuto, &c. ad manum mortuam, &c. non obstante. . . . 
 Et haec licentia concessa est pro magna parte cujusdam Tunis in angulo Palatii privati versus 
 austrum, una cum quadam clausura juxta Turrim prasdictam ex parte occidentali, infra clausum 
 abbatiae et solum Sancti Petri, domino regi concessum. . . . Erat autem inter Turrim piEedictani et 
 murum Infirmarii, ubi nunc est clausura pracdicta, via pedestris et carectaria usque ad angulum 
 Tunis, 8cc. 
 
 The title of this writing is, 
 
 Licentia regis data abbati Westm. perquirendi terras et tenementa ad valorem 40l. pro parte 
 Tunis vocatse le Jewel House, &c. Widmore's Hist, of Westm. Abbey, p. 231. 
 
Londor, iJi/ltfi'.rTtud a-tfTie .An '.direct* I "January 190S.6y.7ohn '/liomas Smith, -Af 16. JVtwman Street. Oxford Street 
 
35 
 
 end of the foot and carriage-way before spoken of, and consequently repre- 
 sents, together with the tower itself, a part of that enclosure which was granted 
 with it. 
 
 The Jewel House seems in the time of Edward VI, and probably before, 
 to have been used as a wardrobe; for, among the Harleian manuscripts in 
 the British Museum, No. 1419? is an inventory of several particulars of female 
 dress, taken Oct. 31. an. 4 Edward VI, and some of them are described as 
 being in the secret wardrobe at Westminster, and some in the old Jewel 
 House at Westminster. 5 Strutt, who mentions this fact in the place referred 
 to in the note, has, in another part of the same volume, p. 333, described 
 this manuscript as an inventory of the apparel belonging to Henry VIII, 
 remaining in the old Jewel House at Westminster, and refers to it as being 
 MS. Harl. lib. 1419- 
 
 It is clear from the evidence above produced that the Old Palace at its 
 south western extremity joined this tower, which, after it became the property 
 of the king, was used, as has been before noticed, as a jewel house, and is 
 now the Parliament Office. From this tower the palace ran eastward cross the 
 end of the present Abingdon Street, having in it, however, a gateway, where 
 that street now stands, and was at length united to other buildings on the 
 east side, part of the same palace, forming by these means the south side of 
 Old Palace Yard. In queen Elizabeth's time, a wall, with a gate in it, was 
 still remaining across the present Abingdon Street; 1 but of this southern range 
 of buildings no part is now standing, except the before-mentioned tower, the 
 exact situation of which, and its connexion with other buildings, may be pre- 
 cisely ascertained from the view of Old Palace Yard from the south, given 
 in the opposite plate. The drawing, from which it was taken, was made 
 previously to the erection of the modern range of houses extending on the 
 south side of Palace Yard, from the corner there to the north end of Abinsr- 
 don Street, and, consequently, before 1754; as in that year a wall of nine 
 feet thick, which must have been that on the south side of Palace Yard, and 
 therefore a part of the old palace, was found, on pulling down a house in 
 Palace Yard, Westminster, in order to build an office for the clerks of the 
 House of Lords. 11 
 
 'Strutt's View of the Dress and Habits of the People of England, 4to. Lond. 1799, vol. ii, p. r,67. 
 * See the large Plan of London, engraven by Vertue. 
 
 u Mastin's History and Antiquities of Naseby, 12mo. Cambridge 1792, p. 17fi. 
 
36 
 
 On the eastern side was, and is still, a turning down, now called Par- 
 liament Place, which, at one time, led to the water; but all access of 
 that kind is now completely cut off by a modern brick wall erected cross 
 at the end of it. Great part of Parliament Place is like the rest of the 
 ground thereabouts, an embankment gained out of the river; and it is cer- 
 tain that originally that stone wall, on which several buildings are, in the 
 view of Cotton Garden hereafter inserted, represented as resting, was con- 
 tinued nearly in a strait line to the king's slaughter house, which stood 
 opposite to the end of the present College Street; as traces of it in that 
 direction have been found. Since the drawings for this plate was made, 
 the wall, and all the buildings resting on it, have been pulled down. Ori- 
 ginally it was, perhaps, in some instances, the extreme wall of buildings 
 there, but had, probably, in it a gateway, through which was the way to 
 the stairs at the water side. To the north of this passage, but still on the 
 eastern side of Palace Yard, stands the end of the Prince's Chamber, into 
 which the entrance used by his Majesty as the way to the House of Lords, 
 immediately leads. Further on on the same east side stands the Court of 
 Requests, of late, since the union of this kingdom and Ireland, converted 
 into an House for the Lords; but the principal entrance to it is from the pas- 
 sage at the south end of Westminster Hall, which passage at once serves to 
 connect that Hall with the two Houses of Lords and Commons, and as a way 
 to them all from Old Palace Yard. Behind the Prince's Chamber, and the 
 Court of Requests, or present House of Lords, whichever of the two it is 
 called, are situated in different directions, the old House of Lords, the 
 Painted Chamber adjoining it, and many other nameless rooms, which, toge- 
 ther 4 with the Prince's Chamber, the Court of Requests, and a number of 
 cellars under the whole mass of building, were unquestionably parts of the 
 old palace. At the south end of the Court of Requests are three arches, 
 formerly windows, apparently as old as the foundation walls of the build- 
 ing, and, probably, therefore of the time of Edward the Confessor, if not 
 before; two of these, which were all that were then visible, are given in the 
 cut on the next page, in the state in which they appeared in the year 1800, 
 when the drawing for that cut w r as made: but they have since been opened 
 and converted into windows. A third arch of the same kind, and filled up in 
 the same manner with these, Mas afterwards discovered, but it has since 
 been built against, so as not to be visible externally. They were thought 
 
37 
 
 sufficiently curious to merit being engraven, and a wooden cut of them is 
 therefore here given." 
 
 The situation of all these rooms will be belter comprehended from inspecting 
 the plan on the opposite page, which was taken from a drawing communicated 
 
 x It is but justice to notice that the very beautiful Specimens of Wood-Cutting which appear 
 in tli is W ork, were executed by Messrs. William and John Berryman. 
 
38 
 
 to the proprietor by Mr. Simco, and supposed to have been made about the 
 time of the coronation of George II. 
 
 Near the north end of this same eastern side, is a way through a dark 
 passage under the buildings, to Cotton Garden; and on the left hand of this 
 passage was a turning leading into Westminster Hall, at the south east corner, 
 just below the steps up to the Courts of Chancery and King's Bench; but 
 this latter passage or turning is now blocked up. 
 
 The buildings on the north side of Old Palace Yard, it is supposed, were 
 originally nothing more than the south end of Westminster Hall, and the old 
 room before mentioned as the waiting-room for the servants of the members 
 of the House of Commons; which is now converting to some other purpose. 
 It is imagined that close under these was a foot path directly leading to the 
 front or west end of St. Stephen's Chapel, now the House of Commons, which 
 was then open to Old Palace Yard. Afterwards, about the time of Henry VIII, 
 as it is conjectured from the appearance of the walls thereabouts, several 
 rooms were erected there, which have since been removed to make way for 
 the present committee-rooms for the Commons, and for making a new 
 entrance to their house ; the principal way to which, as well as to the Court of 
 Requests, now the House of Lords, is through the buildings now standing on 
 that very spot, but was before that alteration through Westminster Hall. 
 
 Of the Abbey of Westminster, or the circumjacent buildings formerly 
 part of the monastery, no account is intended to be here given ; because the 
 utmost limits that could, on the present occasion, be allowed for it in a work, 
 like the present, destined to another purpose, could not fail of proving 
 much too narrow to admit of its being done any otherwise than very defec- 
 tively. But if the present work should be so fortunate as to meet with a 
 favourable reception, it is in contemplation to publish, in the same form and 
 manner as this, a complete history of that foundation and its dependencies; 
 for which purpose a very great quantity of original and authentic intelligence 
 is already collected. 
 
 Through the gate before mentioned as formerly existing on the south side 
 of Old Palace Yard, along a lane afterwards called Lindsey Lane, because 
 the earl of Lindsey 's house y stood on the west side of it, where the garden of 
 
 y In 1708 this house called Lindsey House, near the Old Palace of Westminster, was in the 
 occupation of the lord Carnarvon. New View of London, 627 ; hut it was taken down a little be- 
 fore 1720. 
 
London. fullished cu the\Act directs I? July 18 04,l>y Jokn Thomas StnztA.JV3f,^Veyyman Street, Oxford Street 
 
39 
 
 the old palace bad before been; the way led to Millbank, so named from a 
 water-mill belonging to the abbot of Westminster, situate at the end of the 
 present College Street, and turned by the stream which passed along that 
 street, and so eastward into the Thames. Opposite the end of College Street 
 was also the king's Slaughter House for the supply of the Palace of West- 
 minster, the stone foundations of which were still remaining about seventy- 
 two years ago. This stream, as has been before noticed, was the southern 
 boundary of the ancient Westminster, or Thorney Island ; and cross it was a 
 bridge uniting Millbank to Lindsey Lane, since converted into Abingdon 
 Street, which is still remaining under the pavement. It was seen there a few 
 years since, on occasion of opening the ground ; it still crosses that common 
 sewer which extends along College Street to the Thames; and discharges itself 
 into that river through a large stone archway visible from the water. 
 
 At the south east corner of Old Palace Yard, close by the end of the 
 Prince's Chamber, is a passage, of late years called Parliament Place, which 
 has been mentioned before, and formerly led from Old Palace Yard to the 
 water; but the end of it, as has been also already noticed, is now stopped up 
 by a modern wall built cross it. On the left hand, in this passage, is the 
 south side of the Prince's Chamber, a view of which is given in the opposite 
 plate. Beyond this, at the east end of the Prince's Chamber, is a small 
 enclosed court, a view of which will also be found in the same plate; and in 
 the further corner of that court, very near the Prince's Chamber, is a door- 
 way, through which, and turning to the left through another door-way, is the 
 immediate way into the cellar where the powder plot was intended to have 
 taken effect. 
 
 Of this plot, and its object, the general circumstances are sufficiently 
 known; but there are some other particulars respecting it, which, on the pre- 
 sent occasion, require to be noticed. When the action itself had been deter- 
 mined on by the conspirators, Percy, one of them, hired for their use an house 
 at Westminster, near adjoining the Parliament, and there they began to make 
 their mine about the 11th of Dec. 16'04. Z This house, from the description, 
 must have stood on the spot now occupied by one which was formerly the 
 Ordnance Office, and which serves now as an entrance, for the peers, to the 
 House of Lords. Its situation is a little north of the king's entrance to the 
 Prince's Chamber, and its south east corner is joined by the Prince's Cham I x r 
 
 1 Guy Fawkes's Confession, inserted in the Bishop of Lincoln's Relation of the Uunpow d< t 
 Treason, small 8vo. 1G79, p. 41. 
 
40 
 
 and a cellar under that, which cellar at that time belonged to the house then 
 standing there, and was undoubtedly that where this business commenced. 
 Guy Fawkes in his confession, says, that when they came to the very foun- 
 dation of the wall of the house, which was about three yards thick, and 
 found it a matter of great difficulty, they took to them Robert Winter.* He 
 adds, it was about Christmas when they brought their mine to the wall, and 
 about Candlemas they had wrought the wall half through." 
 
 While they were working upon the wall, they heard a rushing in a cellar 
 of removing of coals. c This noise was in the next room, and fearing they 
 were discovered, they sent Fawkes to see what was the matter, who, on his 
 return, brought word that it was a cellar where coals had been laid, and were 
 then selling, and that the cellar was to be let. d Upon this intelligence Percy 
 immediately went and hired it, as being most fit for their purpose, because it 
 was directly under the parliament; 6 and they then laid into it twenty barrels 
 of powder, which they covered with billets and faggots to prevent disco- 
 very/ It was about Lent when they laid in these twenty barrels; on the 
 twentieth of July they added ten more; and on the twentieth of September 
 four more hogsheads: 8 but Sir Edward Coke, in his speech at the trial, says 
 there were thirty-six barrels. 11 
 
 To any one unacquainted with the place the quantity of powder must seem 
 greatly beyond what was necessary for the purpose, till the astonishing thick- 
 ness of the stone walls is considered. Fawkes describes a foundation wall as 
 nine feet thick, and other walls have been found, on measurement, six feet eight 
 inches and an half; the size of the cellar is seventy-seven feet long, by twenty- 
 four feet four inches wide; and if the force of the powder had not been suffi- 
 cient to blow all these stone walls to pieces, the explosion would have found its 
 way out at the doors without affecting the buildings above. The whole was in- 
 tended to have been fired by a train, or match, which would burn a certain time 
 before it took effect ; and while that was burning, and before the explosion as 
 he hoped, Fawkes was to have made his way through the door-ways before 
 described, cross the court and down Parliament Passage to the water, where 
 a boat was to wait for him, and carry him cross to Lambeth, in hopes that, 
 the water being a non-conductor, he should escape the shock, whieh, it is 
 
 a Guy Fawkes's Confession inserted in the Bishop of Lincoln's Relation of the Gunpowder 
 Treason, small 8vo. 1679. p. 41. b Ibid. p. 41. c Ibid. p. 41. 
 
 d Ibid, p 42. e Baker's Chron. edit. 1670, p. 430. 
 
 f True and Perfect Relation of the Proceedings against Garnet and his Confederates, 4to. 
 Lond. 1G0G, Sig. D. s Ibid. Sig. D b. h ibid. Sig. H S b. 
 
Lffndon./'itS/i.r/ied as the, del directs /.*' 'January I804.by John 'Bioma.r Smith. J\"36.J\ewmcm Sir eet . Oxford Street. 
 
41 
 
 supposed, would have levelled and destroyed all London and Westminster 
 like an earthquake. The exact spot where Winter, Rockwood, Cayes, and 
 Fawkes, four of the conspirators, were executed, is perhaps not generally 
 known ; but the authority mentioned in the note relates that they were brought 
 from the Tower to the Old Palace in Westminster, over against the Parlia- 
 ment House, and there executed.' 
 
 Separate views of the four sides of this cellar, which, from every appear- 
 ance, is imagined to have been the kitchen of the old Palace, and was erected 
 by Edward the Confessor, as the earl of Northampton, who presided at the 
 trial of Garnet the jesuit, for the powder plot, says he found by ancient 
 record,* are given in the plate before referred to. Of these the uppermost is 
 the north end, the next the west side; the third the south end, and the last 
 the east side. At one end of this last is a door-way, with a triangular arch 
 as it is called, a view of which, on a larger scale, is given in mezzotinto on a 
 separate plate ; and at the other end is a square door-way, within a semi- 
 circular arch, and it was through this last, and the other door-way, repre- 
 sented in the view of the east end of the Prince's Chamber, that Guy Fawkes 
 meant to have effected his escape. 
 
 In what manner this plot was providentially discovered, by means of a 
 letter to lord Monteagle, the son of lord Morley, and who, probably, was a 
 member of the House of Commons, warning him to be absent, and delivered 
 to his servant in the street, has long been known; but it remained, till very 
 lately, undiscovered, that this intimation came from a lady, and that affec- 
 tion for a brother prompted the warning, while love for an husband, unfor- 
 tunately privy to the plot, suggested such means as were best calculated to 
 secure him from detection. This lady, who, on more accounts than one, 
 deserves to be remembered and celebrated, was Mary, the wife of Thomas 
 Abington, of Hinlip, in the county of Worcester, and eldest of the three 
 daughters of lord Morley; and consequently eldest sister of lord Monteagle. 1 
 Greenwel, a jesuit, though not tried, as being probably out of the way, is 
 represented as meeting at master Abington's house with Hall, another jesuit, 
 
 'See a very scarce pamphlet in quarto, entitled The Arraignment and Execution of the late 
 Traitors, 4to. Lond. 1606, Sig. C 2. The Address to the Reader has the initials T. W. In the 
 same tract, Sig. B, they are said to have been executed in the old Palace in Westminster, over 
 against the Parliament House, on Friday 31 Jan. This must mean Old Palace Yard. 
 
 k True and perfect Relation, &c. before cited, Sig. Eee. b. 
 
 1 Dugdale's Baronage, vol iii, p. 307. 
 
 G 
 
42 
 
 and advising him to incite such as he could to rise in open rebellion. 1 " It 
 does not appear when this meeting took place, but there can be very little, 
 if any doubt, that the master Abington here mentioned, was the same who 
 married lord Monteagle's sister, especially if it is recollected that they had 
 adherents in Worcestershire;" that after the discovery of the plot some 
 of the conspirators took refuge in master Littleton's house, at Walbach, 
 in that county; that the sheriff of Worcestershire, with a strong party of 
 assistants, surrounded and assaulted the house, and that some of the conspi- 
 rators were killed and others taken. Neither is it probable that this was the 
 first instance in which that house of Abington's had been used in a similar 
 manner. On the contrary, though all their meetings cannot have been noticed 
 in the proceedings against them, but only such as forwarded their scheme, 
 and some even of these last are without any specification of place, it is far 
 more likely there had been frequent consultations there among some at least 
 of the conspirators ; and that he was sufficiently privy to the plot to have 
 been convicted. 
 
 Mr. Green, in his History of Worcester, vol. ii, p. 102, says, Mr. Abing- 
 don's wife, daughter of lord Morley, is supposed to have written that letter 
 to her brother, lord Monteagle, which warned him of the impending danger 
 of the powder plot, and was also meant to save him from the intended mas- 
 sacre; but as no reasons are there given for the supposition, it was thought 
 necessary to state the above facts. 
 
 When the popish plot, in the reign of Charles II, was discovered, the 
 recollection of the then House of Lords was immediately turned to the powder 
 plot in the time of James I; for being informed that there was some timber 
 and other materials laid up in some room or cellar under part of the Court of 
 Requests, which might be of dangerous consequence; they ordered, 28 Oct. 
 1678, that it should be, and it thereby was recommended to the lord great 
 chamberlain of England, to take special care that the said timber, and other 
 materials, should be forthwith removed ; and that for the future no timber, 
 firewood, coals, or any other goods, should be lodged and kept in any of the 
 rooms or cellars under any part of the House of Peers, nor in any of the 
 rooms or cellars under or adjoining to the Prince's lodgings, the Painted 
 Chamber, or the Court of Requests . p 
 
 m True and perfect Relation, &c. Sig. S 4. n Ibid. Baker's Chron. edit. 1670, p. 430. 
 p The whole Series of all that hath been transacted in the House of Peers concerning the 
 Popish Plot, 12mo. Lond. 1681, p. 14. 
 
43 
 
 On Friday the first of Nov. 1678, the gentleman usher of the blaek rod 
 attending the House of Lords, acquainted them, he was informed that on 
 Wednesday night last there was heard great knocking and digging iu the 
 earth, in some cellars near adjoining to that house, which disquieted many of 
 the inhabitants in the old Palace: whereupon the lords named in the order 
 were appointed a committee to examine the persons who heard a noise of 
 knocking and digging earth on Wednesday night last, between twelve and 
 three of the clock, near that house; and their lordships were to desire SirThomas 
 Chichley to appoint some persons skilful in mining, to watch and use their 
 utmost endeavour to make a discovery thereof, and report to the House. 1 
 
 In consequence of this, on Saturday 2 Nov. 1678, the earl of Essex 
 reported from the committee to inquire after the noise of digging in the night, 
 upon the report of Sir Christopher Wren, and Sir Jonas Moor, that the vaults 
 and cellars under and near the House of Lords, were of such a nature, that 
 there could be no assurance of safety ; and the only remedy at present was, 
 that the cellars of the houses near that house, and the Court of Requests, 
 might be cleared, and a passage made out of one into the other, so that 
 soldiers and centinels might walk day and night there, and have a trusty officer 
 over them. Hereupon the House made the ensuing order: 
 
 j Upon report made by the earl of Essex from the lords committees 
 
 * appointed to enquire into the insecurity of this house, by reason of the vaults 
 
 * and cellars under and near it, of what hath been offered to them for the better 
 ' securing of the sitting of the parliament; it is ordered by the lords spiritual 
 
 * and temporal, in parliament assembled, that all the cellars and vaults under 
 
 * and near adjoining to the House of Peers, Painted Chamber, and Court of 
 ' Requests, be forthwith cleared; and that all timber, fire-wood, coals, and 
 ' other materials, of what kind soever, be removed out of the said cellars and 
 
 * vaults, and that passages be forthwith made through all the said cellars and 
 < vaults, to the end that soldiers and sentinels, with trusty officers over them, 
 
 * may continually, night and day, walk to and fro, and watch in the said cellars 
 
 * and vaults, till further order; and that Mrs. Dehaure, who liveth in the brick 
 4 house in the Old Palace Yard adjoining to the Court of Requests, be, and 
 1 she is hereby required forthwith to quit her habitation in the said house, to 
 
 * the end that a guard may be kept therein till further order: and it is further 
 
 i The whole Series of all that hath been transacted in the House of Peers concerning the 
 Popish Plot, 12mo. Lond. 1681, p. 14. 
 
44 
 
 ' ordered, that it be, and it is hereby recommended to the lord great chamber- 
 ' lain of England, or, in his absence, to the surveyor-general of his Majesty's 
 4 works, to take special care that the said cellars and vaults, and the house in 
 
 * which the said Mrs. Dehaure liveth, be speedily cleared, and that the said 
 
 * passages be made in the said cellars and vaults for the purposes aforesaid/ 
 
 It is now the practice for the lord great chamberlain of England, with 
 proper officers, previously to the opening of every new Session of Parliament, 
 to make a search for combustibles in all the rooms and cellars under, or 
 nearly under, either house of Parliament. 
 
 In another view also than merely as connected with the powder plot, is 
 the cellar now under consideration, entitled to notice. It has been ascer- 
 tained by the earl of Northampton to be of the time of Edward the Confessor, 
 which, indeed, without his authority, could have been shewn ; for the Painted 
 Chamber, which is almost over it, is acknowledged to be, and has always been 
 so understood, of his time, a stair-case leading down from that towards the 
 powder plot cellar, has all the appearance of the same age, and the walls of 
 the cellar itself afford no reason for supposing them of any other period. 
 On three sides of the four, pointed arches occur, of different shapes, con- 
 structions, and proportions, it is true, but evidently pointed, and with every 
 mark and indication of being as old. The Prince's Chamber also, as may 
 be seen in the two views in the same plate with this cellar, affords also several 
 examples of pointed arches; and other instances of pointed arches of an 
 equal, and some of an earlier age, will be mentioned in a subsequent page of 
 this work. 
 
 One of the cross or partition walls near this cellar had been composed of 
 stone rubbish, among which rubbish the ornament given on the next page 
 was found, in attempting to ascertain the thickness of the wall. It was of 
 Terra Colta, apparently formed in a mould, and from the regularity of its 
 mouldings, is supposed to have been a part of a cornice, but was thought so 
 beautiful as to deserve the representation of it here given in wood, which was 
 executed by Mr. William Berryman. 
 
 1 The whole Series of all that hath been transacted in the House of Peers concerning the 
 Popish Plot, 12mo. Lond. 1681, p. 14. 
 
45 
 
 Beyond the court in Parliament Place already described, is a door in the 
 wall on the left hand, which leads into Cotton Garden, and by so doing- 
 exhibits precisely the same view as that in the plate of Cotton Garden inserted 
 in a subsequent part of this work; though it is there given with the fragments 
 of the walls and ornaments taken down from the House of Commons, which, 
 at the time when the drawing was made, were lying on the ground, as they 
 are there represented. 
 
 Entering through this door, and passing the range of buildings on the left, 
 to be seen in the view of Cotton Garden just referred to, the way leads by 
 the east end and north side of the Painted Chamber, so called, as in conse- 
 quence of the alterations still carrying on in that neighbourhood, it has been 
 lately discovered, because its walls were really painted. A view of its east 
 end, with the windows as they were before the last alterations, another of its 
 north side, and an engraving of the centre door at its east end, are all given 
 in the opposite plate, but the other subjects in that plate must be postponed 
 till an account has been first inserted of the House of Commons, to which they 
 belong. The Painted Chamber is known to be as old as the time of Edward the 
 Confessor; and the arched door-way at the east end, as being an arch turned, as 
 it would be if now erected, with a key-stone, and regular masonry, and of a 
 very ancient date, was thought a sufficient curiosity to merit a separate repre- 
 sentation on the same plate. In the north side, a door-way in the build- 
 ing itself is seen, to which is a paved path or foot- way, and it leads through 
 some other vaults and cellars, to that before described, as the intended spol 
 for the execution of the powder plot. More to the east of this door-way, are 
 indications against the wall, that some building had joined it at right angles; 
 
46 
 
 and persons now living remember a range of building joining the Painted 
 Chamber, and extending towards the south side of the present House of 
 Commons; in that range was the room in which the Cotton library was at one 
 lime kept, and which had been formerly, as it is supposed, a private oratory 
 of Edward the Confessor. 5 The library was remaining there in Strype's time,' 
 but in 1722 was removed to Essex House, in Essex Street; in 1730 to Ash- 
 burnham House, in Dean's Yard, Westminster, where, in 1731, it was in part 
 destroyed by a fire;" afterwards to the Old Dormitory, in Dean's Yard, West- 
 minster, and at length to the British Museum, where it now is. Against this 
 part of the Painted Chamber are also the remains of two shields, containing 
 the arms of the Cotton family, which in the engraving are given separately, 
 in the space between the two views of the east end and north side. In the 
 dexter side of the uppermost is the Spread Eagle, the armorial bearing of the 
 Cottons," as there is also in the first quarter of the lowermost shield. That, 
 and all the bearings in the lowermost shield, are given as the Cotton arms, 
 under the print of Sir Robert Cotton, prefixed to Smith's Catalogue of the 
 library, folio 1696'. 
 
 Of the a<je of the Painted Chamber there can be little doubt, if the tra- 
 dition which Howel has related of it be true, that Edward the Confessor died 
 in it. r Baker has given this as a fact, without either citing any evidence to 
 support it, or hinting any suspicion of its accuracy; 2 and, indeed, it is very 
 probable, though no early authority for it is at present recollected, as he is 
 known to have died at Westminster/ and consequently in the palace there. 
 In the ceremonial also of the marriage of Richard, duke of York, second son 
 of Edward IV, in 1477, the Painted Chamber is spoken of by the appellation 
 of Saint Edward's Chamber ; b and Sir Edward Coke, in his fourth Institute, 
 edit. 1644, p. 8, says, that the causes of Parliament were in ancient time shewed 
 in the Chamber Depeint, or St. Edward's Chamber. It was not however till 
 lately that the reason for the appellation ' Painted' was found out; when, on 
 
 • New View of London, p. 652. 
 1 New View of London, p. 623. Ward's Lives of the Gresham Professors, p. 252. 
 u Report from the Committee appointed to view the Cottonian Library. 
 
 * See the cuts from the monument of Dame Mary Billing, whose first husband was William 
 Cotton, as given in Weever's Funeral Monuments, fol.edit. p. 494 and 495, from the tomb in St. 
 Margaret's church, Westminster. ? Howel's Londinopolis, p. 356. It should be 354. 
 
 T Baker's Chron. edit. 1670, p. 19. 3 Knyghton inter Decern Scriptores col. 2337. 
 
 b Anstis's Observations on the Knighthood of the Bath, 4to. Lond. 1725, among the authorities 
 at the end, p. 33. 
 
47 
 
 removing the tapestry paintings, containing a multitude of large figures, and 
 representing battles, were discovered on its walls. Neither written evidence, 
 nor oral tradition, existed as to the period when these were done, nor was 
 there any reason from any thing that was generally known, to suppose there 
 ever had been any such paintings till the disclosure above mentioned. They 
 were, however, certainly as old as 1322, and probably older; for, in a manu- 
 script Itinerary of Simon Simeon, and Hugo the illuminator, in the year 
 1322, existing in the library of Bennet College, Cambridge, and mentioned 
 by Mr. Gray, in a letter 25 Feb. 1768, to lord Orford, then Mr. Walpole, a 
 passage occurs, of which the following is a translation. * At the other end of 
 the city (London) is a monastery of black monks, named Westminster, in 
 which all the kings of England are constantly and in common buried ; and 
 to the same monastery is almost immediately joined that most famous palace 
 of the king, in which is that well known chamber, on whose walls all the his- 
 tories of the wars of the whole Bible are painted, beyond description, and 
 with most complete and perfect inscriptions in French, to the great admiration 
 of the beholders, and with the greatest regal magnificence/' 
 
 This passage not only ascertains the fact that the paintings were there so 
 early as 1322, but points out their subjects. Strong reasons however exist 
 for thinking them of the time of Henry III, as in the twenty-first year of his 
 reign a mandate occurs for paying to Odo the goldsmith, clerk of the works 
 at Westminster, four pounds and eleven shillings for pictures to be done in 
 the king's chamber there, d which very probably was this room. Mr. Warton 
 
 4 Lord Orford's Works, 4to. Lond. 1798, vol. v, p. 376*. The whole passage, as it stands in 
 Mr. Gray's letter, as given hy lord Orford, is as follows : c I had heen told of a manuscript in 
 ' Bennet library, the inscription of it is Itinerarium Fratris Simonis Simeonis, et Hugonis, Illu- 
 ' minatoris, 1322. Would not one think this should promise something? They were two Fran- 
 ' ciscan friars that came from Ireland, and passed through Wales to London, to Canterbury, to 
 ' Dover, and so to France, in their way to Jerusalem. All that relates to our own country has 
 ' been transcribed for me, and sorry am I to say, signifies not a halfpenny ; only this little bit 
 ' might be inserted in your next edition of the Painters: " Ad aliud caput civitatis (Londoniae) est 
 " monasterium nigrorum monachorum, nomine Westmonasterium, in quo constanter et communiter 
 " omnes reges Angliae sepeliuntur; et eidem monasterio, quasi immediate, conjungitur illud famo- 
 " sissimum palatium regis, in quo est ilia vulgata camera, in cujus parietibus sunt omnes historiae 
 " bellicoe totius Bibliae ineffabiliter depictae, atque in Gallico completissimc et perfectissime con- 
 " scriptae, in non modica intuentium admiratione et maxima regali magnificentia." Mr. Warton, 
 in his Hist, of Poetry, vol. ii. p. 216, has given this passage from the words ' eidem monasterio/ 
 to the end, with some variations, though apparently from the same manuscript. 
 
 * Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i. p. 1 1. 
 
48 
 
 says that the palace of Westminster was consumed by fire in 1299, but im- 
 mediately rebuilt, he supposes, by Edward I, citing for the fact the authority 
 of Stow. So that, adds he, these paintings must have been done between the 
 years 1299 and 1322, but there is no reason for thinking the fire reached this 
 part. On the contrary, it seems to have been in the western, because the 
 abbey and some of its buildings were injured by it. e Some persons on their 
 discovery had the good fortune to see these paintings, but they have since 
 been whitewashed, and it is much to be wished, that at some future time, 
 the Antiquarian Society would exert their influence and interest for the re- 
 moval of this coating of whitewash, and give to the public engravings from 
 such curious and valuable remains of ancient art. Barnes, in his History 
 of Edward III, Cambridge 1688, p. 720, speaks of a parliament as meeting 
 21 May 1364, in the Painted Chamber; so that it seems to have had its pre- 
 sent appellation as early as that time. 
 
 Besides the before-mentioned external views of this room, an internal one 
 is here also inserted, taken while the tapestry continued up; and as this, in 
 some of the copies of the present work, is a specimen of a new mode of pro-, 
 ducing prints, it has been thought proper to give a description of the process, 
 which it is conceived will prove in itself sufficiently interesting to merit 
 attention, even where on account of an accident which will be explained, it 
 cannot be accompanied with an impression from the stone, but only of one 
 copied from it. 
 
 Every one tolerably conversant with the usual mode of engraving in 
 copper, is sufficiently aware that a drawing of the subject must first be made 
 and transferred upon the copper-plate, which is previously covered with a 
 thin and equal coat of wax. It is then etched with a needle, and when that 
 process is completed, the next is biting it in, as it is called, which is done by 
 pouring aquafortis on the face of the plate, and permitting it to remain till it 
 is supposed to have sufficiently operated in those parts only where the etching 
 needle has removed the wax, for the wax is an effectual preventative to the corro- 
 sion of the aquafortis. When the plate is thus sufficiently bitten in, the whole 
 is finished up with a graver, which is generally a work of great labour and 
 time. To work it off, the plate having been covered on its face with printer's 
 ink, and that ink wiped off in all but the hollows, has then a sheet of wet paper 
 
 e Widmore's Hist, of Westm. Abbey, p. 80. He however places it in 1297. Another autho- 
 rity dates it 1298. Vide infra. 
 
49 
 
 laid on its face, and being placed between blankets, is passed through a 
 rolling-press, the pinch of which, as it passes through, gives the impression. 
 
 In wood-cutting the process is just the reverse: the block, which is of 
 box, or other hard wood, is generally about an inch thick, that being the 
 height of printing letters, among which it is often placed ; and the engraver 
 having transferred the drawing upon the block, cuts away those parts which 
 are not intended to give any impression, and leaves those standing, but cut 
 into lines, that are to mark the paper; so that in engraving on copper it is the 
 hollows, or receding parts, and in wood-cutting the prominent parts, which 
 produce the effect. Wood cuts also are worked by the common printer's 
 press, used for letter press, and not by a rolling press. 
 
 From both these methods, that intended to be here described is essentially 
 different; the material which produced the impression now under consi- 
 deration, was a stone about two inches thick, of a light cream colour, and of 
 an absorbent nature, though its grain was close: it came, it is said, from 
 some part of Germany; but some of the same kind, or near it, had been 
 found in the neighbourhood of Bath. An outline of the intended subject 
 was made on paper, and transferred upon the stone in the usual mode of 
 transferring drawings from one paper to another. This outline was after- 
 wards put in on the stone with a common quill pen, dipt in a prepared kind 
 of black ink, compounded of black mixed with varnish; and with this same pen 
 and ink the whole was finished up. Both the stone and prepared ink Avere 
 furnished by the patentee, Mr. P. Andre, then of Buckingham Street, Fitzroy 
 Square, for a patent had been obtained for this mode of taking prints from 
 stone; and the drawing might as easily have been at once made on the stone, 
 without sketching the outlines, as here first on paper. The patentee was also 
 provided with a prepared kind of black chalk for making chalk drawings in 
 the same way ; and the stone, when drawn on in either way, was worked off 
 by a machine similar to that used by calenderers, for glazing of linen. 
 
 In this process there could be no deception. At one time four persons, 
 among whom was the author, were present, and saw the whole ; two of them, 
 medical men of distinguished abilities, and very skilful chymists, and the 
 other two fully acquainted with every branch of copper-plate printing. 
 
 Great advantages seemed promised by this invention, which was disco- 
 vered by a German gentleman, named Aloys Senefelder; as it saved the 
 time and trouble of a first finished drawing, and as it certainly preserved all 
 the spirit and correctness of the original design, without any loss, which often 
 
 n 
 
50 
 
 happens in both in an engraving; and, indeed, in many cases it was, in fact, 
 the original design itself made at once on the stone. It was also expected it 
 would furnish many more impressions, without retouching, than a common 
 plate could; for, by sluicing the stone with aquafortis to clear away any dirt 
 on its face, and more effectually to fix the ink immediately before printing 
 the stone, and washing it all over with a spunge and fair water, the printer's 
 ink, when applied with the ball, adhered to no parts of the stone but those 
 actually covered by the lines made by the pen. There was, therefore, no 
 superfluous ink to require, as in the case of a copper-plate, to be removed by 
 the hand, and consequently that friction was saved. 
 
 That these expectations were, in a great measure, just, cannot be denied, 
 but there were certainly some other circumstances which, in part, reduced 
 their effect ; for it was found, on experiment, that it required almost as much 
 time to finish up a drawing on the stone as it would to have engraven it on 
 copper; and that the stone was not capable of admitting very delicate strokes, 
 or great nicety of execution, because it was too absorbent. However this me- 
 thod might still have been of use to perpetuate and multiply original sketches, 
 had it not been unfortunately discovered, by accidental negligence, that without 
 great care and unremitting attention the prepared ink used in the drawing was 
 liable to adhere to the printer's balls with which the printing ink was put on, 
 and that if it did so, the adhesion was so great, as to fetch off with the balls 
 on removal, a part of the ink of the drawing. This unfortunate defect was 
 most fatally experienced in the working off the print now under examination. 
 Three hundred impressions were taken off, and the stone laid by for the night, 
 when the pressmen left work, without sufficiently attending to the state in 
 which it was left. For want of washing with water to keep it moist, the ink 
 with which the drawing was made became dry, and the balls too tenacious, 
 so that when they were applied to the stone, they tore up from the stone 
 pieces of the drawing in the attempt to remove them. 
 
 The three hundred impressions, procured in this way, have been inserted 
 in the first three hundred copies of this w ork, and, consequently, all the sub- 
 scribers within that number will be possessed of an impression from this 
 stone ; but after that number the impressions were taken from an engraving 
 on copper, and the difference may be ascertained, because these last contain 
 two figures of men, and also an inscription under the print, which those from 
 the stone have not. 
 
 From Cotton Garden, where the east end and north side of the Painted 
 
I.ondvnJ'ub/isJuJ as the ^ct e2irret.r. 'y^Xoremitr ISOff, by *7ohn 77ioma.r Smith. <M-W.- V&nrtan .vtr. <■/ .('.rf 't>r<l Slrrel 
 
51 
 
 Chamber, the room now spoken of, are visible, the path leads through a 
 dark passage strait on into Old Palace Yard, which dark passage has been 
 before described as coming out into Palace Yard at the north east corner, 
 and having; in it a turning; leading into Westminster Hall at its south east 
 corner; but this turning has, as before noticed, been very lately stopped up. 
 
 Of the Palace of Westminster, Stow says, the antiquity is uncertain, but 
 that Edward the Confessor resided and died here; f and Norden has related, 
 that in the time of this prince a palace at Westminster was destroyed by 
 fire, which had been inhabited by Canute about the year 1035. g Edward 
 the Confessor, therefore, probably rebuilt it; and Lambard conjectures that 
 the old palace at Westminster had been the king's house ever since the reign 
 of this king. h Stow says it is not to be doubted that W illiam the Conqueror 
 built much here; and in this palace the courts of law were usually, or at least 
 frequently, held during the residence of the king there, till in or about the 
 year 1097, 1 when William Rufus, to free himself from the inconvenience, and 
 with intention, as it seems, to re-edify the whole by degrees, built, as part of 
 his plan, the present Westminster Hall, giving it the denomination of the 
 New Palace. His object, perhaps, in making it of its present size, which, from 
 the small portion of it now occupied by the courts, seems more than adequate 
 to the apparent use for which it was intended, might probably be, that it 
 should also serve for the holding of parliaments, which were not then, as 
 now, divided into two separate houses of lords and commons; and it appears, 
 that in the time of Richard II, this was the place for holding the Parliament." 
 It was also to be used for the coronation feasts, and other great feasts and 
 entertainments; or, in other words, for all other purposes to which the great 
 hall in the king's palace had usually been applied. In short, it is to be con- 
 sidered as the great hall of the old palace rebuilt on a larger scale, ana not 
 on the same spot, perhaps, and as a part only of what he intended, rather 
 than as a complete and distinct building, as it now is. Large, however, as 
 it is, it seems to have fallen short of his intention in respect of size, for he is 
 said to have projected a room of much greater dimensions; and when some 
 persons had objected against this for its excessive size, he declared it was not 
 more than half big enough, and but a bed-chamber to the palace which he 
 
 f Stow, \633, p. 519.— 16' 18, p. 884. 
 e Preparative to his Spec. Brit. 4to. Lond. 1723. part i, p. 44, h Topograph. Die. p. 391. 
 
 1 Lambarde Topograph. Diet. p. 391. Stow, 1G33, p. 519— -lGl8, p. 884. 
 k Norden, p. 44, on the authority of Tho. Walsingham. Hist. Angl. 
 
52 
 
 intended to build. 1 Of this intended building, it is said, a diligent observed 
 may trace the foundations extending from the river Thames to the common 
 highway . m William Rufus's plan of rebuilding the whole, seems, in some 
 measure, to have been adopted, and carried on by king Stephen, who is said 
 to have built the chapel of St. Stephen, where the House of Commons now 
 sit," probably intending it as a chapel for the palace in the room of one 
 which existed before. 
 
 In 1163 this palace is represented in such a state of decay as to have 
 been ready to fall down ;° but from the present state of its foundations still 
 remaining, the extraordinary strength, solidity, and thickness of the stone 
 walls, of which it was constructed, and above all, the circumstance of its 
 having been repaired with great speed and celerity, this account must have 
 been very much exaggerated. That it was, however, at that time in such a 
 state as to need repair, seems certain, because it appears that it was then 
 actually repaired with great speed and dispatch by Thomas a Becket, chan- 
 cellor of England, p a fact for which it is difficult to account, unless it is 
 supposed, as was probably the truth, that the repair was entrusted to him by 
 the king, and completed under his direction, but at the king's expence. 
 
 Something towards the repair of this palace, but what is not known, was 
 done here in the reign of king John, as it appears from a record inserted by 
 lord Orford, Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i, p. 4, in a note, that in 1209 the 
 sheriffs of London and Middlesex allowed to Elias, an engineer, and who, 
 lord Orford takes occasion to remark, was certainly an architect, ten marks 
 for the repair of the king's house at Westminster. Henry III, who resided so 
 much in this palace, and was so occupied in erecting buildings in its neigh- 
 bourhood, can scarcely be supposed likely entirely to neglect or overlook the 
 necessary repairs or improvements of his own habitation. On the contrary, 
 it is far more probable, that without being separately distinguished, they 
 formed, from time to time, a part of the works which he was carrying on at 
 Westminster. Orders for decorations there are extant, in different periods of 
 his reign ; q and in his forty-seventh year, A. D. 1263, this palace had been 
 very much damaged by a great fire which happened in it/ 
 
 1 Mat. Paris, edit. 1640, p. 53. 
 m Stow, 1633, p. 520, (on the authority of Mat. Paris) 1618, p. 884. 
 
 n Stow, 1633, p. 523.— 1618, p. 892. Stow, 1618, p. 884.— 1633, p. 520. P Ibid. 
 
 ' See Lord Orford's Anecdotes of Painting, 12mo. 1782, vol. i, p. 6, &c. 
 
 r Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 48. 
 
53 
 
 Another fire, which began in the lesser hall of the king's house, once 
 more in 1299, 27 Edward I,' destroyed, or very much injured this palace, 
 and many other houses and buildings adjoining; and, indeed, to so great a 
 degree had it suffered from this accident, that in the month of March, 1300, 
 a parliament was held in the house of the archbishop of York, at Westminster, 
 because, as the authority expressly notices, the king's palace there had been 
 nearly consumed by fire in 1298. 1 Stow says that this fire was in 1299> the 
 27 of Edward I; that it began in the lesser hall of the king's house, which 
 must have been the present Court of Requests, and that the same, with many 
 other houses adjoining, and, with the queen's chamber, were consumed, but 
 after that repaired. Edward III, in 1347, rebuilt the chapel of St. Stephen ; u 
 and Richard II, in 1397, repaired Westminster Hall, carried up the walls 
 two feet higher, altered the windows, and added a new roof and a stately 
 porch, and rebuilt divers lodgings, at a great expence. The money for this 
 purpose he levied on strangers, by compelling such as had fled, or been 
 banished from their own country, and were desirous of settling in this king- 
 dom, to purchase a licence for that purpose, at a considerable expence. 
 Stow says that at this time John Boterell w r as clerk of the works." The ori- 
 ginal contract for this purpose, dated in 1395, was, and perhaps is still, in 
 the custody of the clerk of the Pells. Rymer has printed it in his Fcedera, 
 vol. vii, p. ?94, and in it Richard Washbourn and John Swalwe, i. e, Swallow, 
 masons, undertake to raise the walls of the great hall two feet higher than 
 they then were, with Ryegate stone and marble, to strengthen it. The whole 
 was to be done according to a model made by the advice of master Henry 
 Zeneley, and delivered to the said masons by Watkin Waldon, his warden ; 
 and for every foot of assize in length they were to have twelve-pence. Henry 
 Zeneley is, most probably, Henry Yevele, a citizen and mason of London, 
 who, with Stephen Lote, another citizen and mason of London, was employed 
 in the same year in the mason's work for the tomb of Ann, Richard the 
 second's queen/ 
 
 This palace, in the reign of Edward IV, was again much [decayed, but 
 
 • Stow, 1618, p. 886.— 1633, p. 520. 
 • See the Observations on the Wardrobe Account or* the 28th year of king Edward I, p. 41, 
 prefixed to Liber Quotidianus Contrarotulatoris Garderobae anno regni regis Edwardi Primi 
 vicesimo octavo, 4to. Lond. 1787. 
 
 u Stow, 1633, p. 523.— 1618, p. 892. See this date corrected in a subsequent page. 
 * Stow, 1618, p. 887.— 1633, p. 521. r See Rymer's Fcedera, vol. 7, p. 795. 
 
54 
 
 was afterwards repaired by Richard III, who also erected the stone gate in 
 New Palace Yard, at the end of Union Street, most probably in the place 
 where another had formerly stood. For this repair, in the year 1484, a com- 
 mission was directed to Thomas Daniel, surveyor of the king's works, to take 
 and seize for use within this realm as many masons, bricklayers, and other 
 workmen, as should be thought necessary for the hasty expedition of the 
 king's works within the Tower of London and Palace of Westminster. 2 
 Strype, book vi, p. 47, says also, speaking of this palace, that it seems to have 
 gone to decay in the time of king Edward IV, for that he found Richard III 
 began repairing it. He gave, says Strype, an order to Thomas Tirrel, keeper 
 of the Park of Wildegolet, within Essex, to suffer no manner of person to 
 bezil or purloin, or carry away out of the said park, any timber, boards, 
 laths, shingles, or any other stuff, ordained for the works at Westminster, and 
 other places, but suffer such as they should send thither to fell and carry 
 away as much stuff as they shall think behoveful for the said work, Anno 2do 
 16 March, Westminst.* For this Strype cites the authority of a Ledger book 
 of K. R. 3, Harleian Library. The above mentioned gate was left unfi- 
 nished, and at length, in 1706, taken down." 
 
 By another fire, which happened in 1512, a great part of this palace was 
 burnt, and not rebuilt; and another fire in 1549, unnoticed either by Stow 
 or Strype in his edition of Stow, but mentioned by Strype in his Ecclesiastical 
 Memorials, vol. ii, p, 195, which was chiefly in the kitchen and offices, and 
 said to be the effect of great feasting, did it also much damage. The fire of 
 1512 seems, however, to have so much injured it, that the reason assigned by- 
 Henry VIII for removing to Whitehall, in 1532, was, that the old palace was 
 then, and had been long time before, in utter ruin and decay/ Notwith- 
 standing this, however, the old palace at Westminster is reported to have 
 been afterwards inhabited by queen Elizabeth; and the inner room, in which 
 the Court of Exchequer frequently sit, has been traditionally affirmed to have 
 been her bed-chamber. The outer room, at the top of the steps from West- 
 minster Hall, where, on other occasions, the same court now continues to sit, 
 has also been said to have been used by her as a concert or breakfast-room, 
 
 2 Hive, p. 171, on the authority of Strype, who says he found the fact in an old Ledger book 
 of Richard III. a Strype, book vi, p. 47. b Maitland, 1341. 
 
 c Stow, 1618, p. 889 — 1633, p. 522. 
 d See Statute 28 Hen. VIII, c. 12, as cited by Strype, book vi, p. 5. 
 
 1 
 
55 
 
 and the gallery in it is reported to have been for the musicians; but nothing 
 further has appeared to justify either of these assertions. Over this gallery 
 is a long room still remaining, and filled with records, which is said to have 
 been the nursery of the palace in the time of Henry VIII, and in it Edward VI 
 is affirmed to have been nursed. 
 
 Of the old palace many rooms are still remaining, though, perhaps, inter- 
 nally at least, altered; and among these may, with certainty, be enumerated 
 the tower, now the Parliament Office, at one time used as the Jewel House ; 
 the old House of Lords ; the Prince's Chamber adjoining ; the Painted 
 Chamber, and several other rooms thereabouts ; the Court of Requests, 
 now used as an house for the lords ; the present House of Commons ; and 
 Westminster Hall; together with several cellars under the Painted Chamber, 
 the old House of Lords, and the Prince's Chamber; among which cellars, as 
 has been noticed before, is that which was intended as the scene for the exe- 
 cution of the powder plot. Many rooms of it, however, are now no longer 
 existing, or if existing, are no longer applied to the same purposes, and, 
 indeed, of some of those rooms still in being, the ancient use is entirely un- 
 known ; but the following notices have occurred relating to ancient rooms, 
 part of this palace. 
 
 Henry III, in the twentieth year of his reign, ordered that the king's great 
 chamber at Westminster should be painted of a good green colour, like a 
 curtain ; that in the great gable, or frontispiece, of the said chamber, near 
 the door, a French inscription, mentioned in the precept, should be painted ; 
 and that the king's little wardrobe should also be painted of a green colour 
 in manner of a curtain. 6 
 
 On the second of August, in the twenty-first year of his reign, he com- 
 mands, that out of his treasury four pounds eleven shillings should be paid 
 to Odo the goldsmith, clerk of the king's works at Westminster, for the 
 purpose of making pictures in his chamber there/ 
 
 Another precept occurs in his twenty-third year, 1239, by which he directs 
 his treasurer and chamberlains to pay out of his treasury or exchequer, to 
 Odo the goldsmith, and Edward his son, one hundred and seventeen shillings 
 and ten-pence, for oil, varnish, and colours bought, and pictures made in the 
 queen's chamber at Westminster, from the octave of the Holy Trinity, in the 
 
 c Rot. Claus. 20 Hen. Ill, m. 12, as cited b}' Lord Orford in his Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i, 
 p. 6. 1 Rot. Lib. 21 Hen. HI, in. 5, as cited by lord Orford, vol. i. p. 10. 
 
56 
 
 23d year of his reign, to the feast of St. Barnabas the apostle in the same year, 
 viz. fifteen days. 6 
 
 In his twenty-fourth year, 1239, he, among other things, orders that the 
 chamber behind the queen's chapel, and the private chamber of that chamber, 
 should be wainscoted, and the aforesaid chamber be lined, and that a list, or 
 border, should be made, well painted with the images of our Lord and angels, 
 with incense pots scattered over the list or border; and he also directs the 
 four evangelists to be painted in the chamber aforesaid; and that a crystal 
 vase should also be made for keeping his relics. h 
 
 Lord Orford says, a mandate is to be found in his twenty-fifth year, for 
 two windows with pictures in the hall, with the French verse, or motto, before 
 mentioned.' These must undoubtedly have been paintings on glass; and the 
 same author has remarked, vol. i, p. 8, in a note, that in Aubrey's MS Survey 
 of Wiltshire, in the library of the Royal Society, he says, on the authority 
 of Sir William Dugdale, that the first painted glass in England was done 
 in king John's time, vol. ii, p. 85. 
 
 William de Haverhull his treasurer, and Edward of Westminster, were, in 
 his thirty-second year, ordered, among other things, to fill the king's great 
 hall from Christmas-day to the day of the Circumcision, with poor people, 
 and feed them there." 
 
 Again the same king, in his thirty-third year, enjoins master John de St. 
 Omer to let the wardrobe of the king's chamber at Westminster be painted, 
 as the painting of that wardrobe is begun.' 
 
 Edward of Westminster is also, 35 Hen. Ill, commanded that the king's 
 jewry at Westminster, and the king's great wine cellar, should be wainscoted, 
 and a low chamber in the king's garden, and a small tower beyond the chapel 
 there, should be painted; and that in the same chamber a chimney should 
 be made, which chamber the king orders to be called Antioch. m The reason 
 for this last injunction does not however sufficiently appear in this precept; 
 but, probably, was, that the paintings above ordered to be done were intended 
 to be representations of the siege of Antioch, which, in the year 1098, had 
 been taken by the Christians in the first crusade; as a book in French on 
 
 s Anecdotes of Painting, vol.i, p. 11. h Rot. Claus. 24 Henry III. 
 
 ' Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i, p. 11. k Rot. Claus. 32 Henry III. 
 
 . 1 Claus. 33 Henry III, m. 3, as cited by lord Orford, vol. 1, p. 14. 
 m Clans. 35 Henry III, m. 10. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i, p. 18. 
 
57 
 
 that subject is by a former mandate, 17 May, 34 Henry III, ordered to be 
 delivered to Henry of the wardrobe for the queen's use." 
 
 Ralph de Dungun, keeper of the king's library, is also ordered, 25 Feb. 
 36 Henry III, to procure for master William, the king's painter, colours for 
 painting the queen's little wardrobe, and for repairing the painting of the 
 king's great chamber, and the queen's chamber." As this precept is dated 
 at Westminster, and specifies no place where these rooms are, it seems as if 
 they should be understood as being on the spot where the court then was 
 kept, and, consequently, part of the palace of Westminster. 
 
 Lord Orford supposes, p. 24, that master William, William the monk of 
 Westminster, and William of Florence, all of which descriptions occur among 
 the records from which he has given extracts, were the same person; and 
 remarks, that what arts we had, as well as learning, lay chiefly among the 
 religious in those ages. William of Florence, he says, was of course an 
 Italian. 
 
 In his fortieth year the king states, that in the presence of master William 
 the painter, a monk of Westminster, he had ordered that a painting should 
 be done in the wardrobe at Westminster, where he was accustomed to wash 
 his head, of the king who was rescued by his dogs from an attack made on 
 him by his subjects; and Philip Luvell, his treasurer, is ordered, without 
 delay, to disburse to the said master William the cost and expence of making 
 the said picture. 1 " 
 
 Henry III, in the forty-fourth year of his reign, delivered to Nicholas de 
 Ely, archdeacon of Ely, his new great seal, in the king's chamber at West- 
 minster, which had been resigned by the bishop of London/ 1 
 
 The same king Henry III, in the forty-ninth year of his reign, orders his 
 treasurers and chamberlains to pay out of the treasury to the painters of his 
 chamber at Westminster, seven pounds ten shillings, for the paintings of the 
 chamber of his chapel there, behind his bed there/ 
 
 n Claus. 34 Henry III, in. 12, as cited by lord Orford, vol. i, p. 16. 
 
 ° Claus. 36 Henry HI, in. 22. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i, p. 20. 
 
 p Rot. Claus. 40 Henry III, m. 7. q Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 31. 
 
 r Liberate, 49 Henry III, m. 7. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i, p. 2.5. The words of the record 
 are, ' ad picturas ejusdem cameras capelle nostra? retro lcctum nostrum ibidem faciend.' As 
 there may be some doubt here, as to the place, it has been thought right to give the words; but 
 the punctuation is supposed faulty, and that there ought to have been commas after the words 
 camera? and nostra?, in which case it would imply three distinct places; the chamber, the chapel, 
 and behind his bed. 
 
 I 
 
58 
 
 And in the fifty-first year of his reign, 7 Jan. he eommands the bailiffs of 
 the city of London to pay to master Walter his painter, twenty marks, for 
 paintings to be done in the king's chamber at Westminster. 5 
 
 Edward the black Prince, who died in 13?6, a little before his death 
 made his will in the king's great chamber in the palace at Westminster. 1 
 
 To these may be added that in the Parliament Roll of the 3d of Hen. VIII, 
 the king is described, on the fourth day of February, in that year, as seated 
 in his royal seat in the chamber, vulgarly of the Holy Cross, within his palace 
 of Westminster. 
 
 Other notices of ancient rooms in this palace have also occurred in the 
 following; authorities. 
 
 In a wardrobe account of the first year of Edward III, for the materials 
 provided on occasion of his being knighted, are these articles: 
 
 For the decoration of the king's chamber before his knighthood. 
 
 For the preparation and decoration of the king's chamber, the night be- 
 fore he was knighted in his palace at Westminster, on the last day of 
 January, in the same year; consisting of red carpets, with shields in 
 the corners, containing the king's arms, five carpets. 
 
 On the same day cushions of new sammit for the king's chapel, three 
 cushions. 
 
 Cushions of sammit for the same chamber after the king's knighthood, six. 
 Covers for the benches for decorating the said chamber, of different suits, 
 
 viz. four red with green, one green, and four murray and blue; nine 
 
 bench covers. 
 
 Also covers for benches for decorating the said chamber, of the suit of the 
 aforesaid carpets, with shields in the corners, containing the king's 
 arms; four bench covers." 
 
 Mention of the king's closet, the Parliament Chamber, and the chapel, is 
 made in a ceremonial of creating the prince of Wales knight of the Bath, in 
 1489; for it is there said that the prince's bath was prepared in the king's 
 closet; and in the entry between the Parliament Chamber and the chapel 
 
 * Liberate, 51 Hen. Ill, m. 10. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. 1, p. 25. 
 ' Sandford's Genealogical Hist, of the Kings of England, edit. 1677, p. 187. 
 ■ Anstis's Observations upon the Knighthood of the Bath, among the authorities at the end, 
 p. 13. 
 
59 
 
 there, were the baths of the carl of Northumberland, lord Maltravers, and 
 the lord Gray Ruthyn;* and all the rest were in the Parliament Chamber. In 
 the same ceremonial it is said, that in the morning when the prince had heard 
 mass, he was, with his company, privately conveyed through St. Stephen's 
 chapel to the nether end of the stairs towards the vicars' lodgings,* where he 
 took his horse, and the rest, in the pales at the Star Chamber stairs' foot, 
 took their horses, and so they rode about the standard in the pales, into West- 
 minster Hall; and before the King's Bench they alighted from their horses, 
 and so proceeded into the Whitehall/ When the prince had been knighted, 
 and had offered his sword and taken off his spurs, he was conducted to the 
 king's closet, and put on his robes of estate. 1 
 
 At the creation of the duke of York a knight of the Bath, 1494, 30 Oct. 
 the nobility are said to have ' dined in the chamber, and the rest in the hall, 
 and the same at supper.' Lord Henry's bath was in the king's closet, and 
 from him the king went into the queen's closet, where lord Harrington's and 
 lord Clifford's were, and from thence he went into the Parliament Chamber, b 
 where were twenty baths and beds. After this he went into his own chamber. 
 The next morning the new knights, as soon as they were up, took their way 
 secretly by our Lady of Pieu, through St. Stephen's chapel, on to the stair 
 foot of the Star Chamber c end, where they took their horses. Sir William 
 Sandys conducted lord Henry into the chapel, where he offered his sword. 
 Lord Henry dined in his own chamber, and the other lords and new knights 
 dined in the Parliament Chamber. d 
 
 Besides these, the following occur among the Patent and Close Rolls. 
 
 47 Edward III, Roger Saperton leased to Roger Northdon, for one year, 
 the possession of The Flete, with the common place for holding the king's 
 Picas and the Exchequer/ 
 
 x This entry was probably on the spot where the gallery, by the east side of the Court of Re- 
 quests, now runs. One end of it comes out into the Lobby of the House of Commons; and the 
 other into the Painted Chamber. 
 
 > This must have been through the Sacristy, and it proves there was a staircase into St. Ste- 
 phen's Court. 7 Now the Court of Requests. 
 
 a Anstis's Observations upon the Knighthood of the Bath, among the authorities at the end, 
 p. 40. b Qu. the old House of Lords, or rather the Painted Chamber ? 
 
 c From this it seems that the chapel of the Picu must have been where Cotton House stood, and 
 where Mr. Hatsell's now stands; and they entered through the royal door into St. Stephen's chapel. 
 
 d Anstis's Observations upon the Knighthood of the Bath, among the authorities at the end, 
 p. 42, &c. 
 
 e Transcripts from the Patent and Close Rolls in the hand-writing of John Grafton, MS. penes 
 Craven Old, esq. fol. 90. b. 
 
60 
 
 27 Henry VI, John Trevelyan, door-keeper of the king's chamber, esq. 
 released to John Randolf, esq. all his right in the custody of the king's 
 Council Chamber within the palace of Westminster, and in the office of door- 
 keeper of the Receipt of the king's Exchequer, and in the occupation of the 
 same office/ 
 
 6 Edward IV, is a grant from Elizabeth, lately wife of William Venour, 
 and daughter and heir of Roger Sapcrton, among other things, of a mease 
 within the close of the king's palace at Westminster, and of the office of 
 keeping the said palace. g 
 
 43 Edward III, Richard Sutton, valettus regis, as he is termed, is ap- 
 pointed keeper of the king's private palace at Westminster h for his life. 1 
 
 25 Henry VI. Mention is made of an exculpation or vindication, of Wil- 
 liam, marquis and earl of Suffolk, of himself, before the nobility and peers of 
 the realm in the king's chamber at Westminster." 
 
 I Henry V, Henry Berton, valettus regis camerae, or groom of the king's 
 chamber, as it is supposed to mean, is appointed keeper of the king's clock 
 within the palace of Westminster. 1 
 
 II Edward III. The office of gardener of the palace of Westminster, and 
 tower of London, is granted to John Sanderwyke the king's servant." 1 
 
 And on the Statute Roll of the 14th and 15th of Henry VIII, n. 30, is an 
 act for George Roll to hold his place, in which act mention is made of the 
 King's House at Westminster, there called the King's Treasure House, other- 
 wise of late called Hell. 
 
 Henry III, by his will, dated on Tuesday next after the feast of the 
 apostles Peter and Paul, 1253, at Suthwyk, bequeaths a cross which the 
 countess of Kent had given him, with the white furniture of his chapel, a 
 silver image of the blessed Virgin, and a small tabernacle, or case, to enclose 
 the pyx box, containing the host," to St. Edward's church, at Westminster, 
 evidently meaning Westminster Abbey; and another golden cross, and the 
 furniture of his chapel, with the precious stones and other ornaments belong- 
 
 f Transcripts from the Patent and Close Rolls in the hand-writing of John Grafton, MS. penes 
 Craven Ord, esq. fol.249. a. Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 312. § Transcripts, 8cc. before cited, fol. 288. a. 
 
 h This was on the south side of old Palace Yard. Vide supra. 
 
 Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 185. k Ibid. 290. 1 Ibid. 261. 
 
 m Ibid. 129- This, and the preceding, it is true, do not properly belong to this place, as not 
 mentioning any rooms of the palace, but they were given to shew the existence of a clock and 
 garden connected with the palace. " Du Fresne's Glossary.. 
 
61 
 
 ing to the chapel, and golden image of the blessed Virgin, to his eldest son 
 Edward. 
 
 Edward III, in his will, made at Havering at Bower, 7 Oct. 1376, gives 
 to Richard, son of Edward late prince of Wales, afterwards king Richard II, 
 a complete bed, with all its furniture, containing his whole arms of France 
 and England, remaining at his palace of Westminster; four other beds which 
 used to be made in four chambers below stairs, in the palace aforesaid, with 
 the entire furniture of the same; two suits of furniture for his hall, one of 
 which is magnificent and noble, but the other light and thin, and fit for car- 
 riage; and two entire suits of furniture for his chapel. 
 
 Richard II, by his will, made in his palace of Westminster, 16 April 1399, q 
 not six months before he was dethroned/ directs that all his crowns, drinking 
 vessels, cups, ewers, and golden vessels, and other jewels of gold whatsoever; 
 and also all his vestments, with the whole furniture belonging to the chapel 
 of his house, and also all the beds whatever, and all the garments of Arras, 8 
 should remain to his successor, provided that he should confirm his will, and 
 permit its executors to act freely and fully. 
 
 Numerous as these instances have already been in which mention has 
 been made of rooms in this palace, and which could not, on account of the 
 different authorities from which they were furnished, be given in any kind of 
 order, it is necessary here to add, that king Edward III, on the first da}' of 
 March, 1339, delivered his great seal to Sir John de St. Paul, in the Cage 
 Chamber at Westminster. 1 This room was, probably, by the river side, as 
 the following fact seems to indicate. ' Mr. Willoughby, in his Ornithology, 
 ' book ii, p. 109, gives the following remarkable story, which Gesrier says was 
 
 * told him by a certain friend, of a parrot which fell out of king Henry Vlll ih's 
 
 * palace at Westminster, into the river of Thames, that runs by; and then 
 
 * very seasonably remembering the words it had often heard some, whether in 
 ' danger or jest, use, cried out amain: " A boat, a boat, for twenty pound." 
 
 * A certain experienced boatman made thither presently, took up the bird, and 
 
 * restored it to the king, to whom he knew it belonged, hoping for as great a 
 1 reward as the bird had promised. The king agreed that he should have 
 
 ° Royal and noble Wills, p. 16. p Ibid. p. 61. q Ibid. p. 194. 
 
 r He was dethroned 29 Sept. 1399. Sandford, Geneal. Hist. p. '202. 
 • The original words are, Vestes de aras. 
 
 ' Clause 14 Edward III, p. 1, in. 42. as cited by Sand ford in his Genealogical Hist. p. Uio. 
 
62 
 
 ' as the bird anew should say ; and the bird answers, " Give the knave a 
 " groat." u 
 
 It was not thought justifiable to omit this fact, though there is some doubt 
 whether Whitehall, or the old palace at Westminster, was the place intended : 
 and this doubt arises from the circumstance that Henry VIII, in the 28th 
 year of his reign, procured an act of parliament, by which it was enacted, 
 that Whitehall, with the buildings and park, and also the ancient palace, 
 should be from thenceforth the king's whole palace at Westminster, and be 
 called and named the King's Palace of Westminster for ever; and that the 
 said palace should extend to all houses on both sides of the wa}', from Charing 
 Cross to Westminster Hall." 
 
 Edward IV died at his palace of Westminster, 9 April, 1483, and after 
 his body had been inclosed in his coffin, it was brought into St. Stephen's 
 chapel, where three masses were sung. It remained there eight days, and 
 was then conveyed to Westminster Abbey, and finally to Windsor/ 
 
 On the 15th of January, 1477> when Richard duke of York married lady 
 Anne Mowbray, daughter and heiress of Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, 
 it is noticed, that on the 14th of January she came to the place of estate in 
 the king's great chamber at Westminster, that on the morrow, being the 
 fifteenth, she came out of the queen's chamber at Westminster, and so pro- 
 ceeding through the king's great chamber, came into the great Whitehall, 
 and so to St. Stephen's chapel; which was richly hung, and a state prepared, 
 where sate the king, queen, and prince, the king's mother, the lady Elizabeth, 
 the lady Mary, and the lady Cecily, the king's daughters. Mass was then 
 said at the high altar; and from St. Stephen's chapel they went into St. Ed- 
 ward's chamber, 2 where there was a stately feast. 1 
 
 From the present appearance of some of the buildings, and the known 
 age of others, it should seem, that originally the palace of Westminster formed 
 two sides of a square, and was all comprehended within Old Palace Yard, 
 of which it constituted the east and south sides. Its east side consisted of 
 the Court of Requests, the Painted Chamber, the old House of Lords, the 
 Prince's Chamber, and several other nameless old rooms adjoining them. Those 
 on the south cannot now be ascertained, as none of them are at present exist- 
 ing, but it is certain that they were remaining in the time of Edward III, that 
 
 u Grey's Hudibras, edit. 1772, vol. i, p. 6l. x Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 5. 
 
 y Sandford's Geneal. Hist. p. 391. z The Painted Chamber. 
 
 ■ Sandford's Geneal. Hist. p. 3Q4. 
 
63 
 
 they were parts of the private palace, and joined the old stone tower, now the 
 Parliament Office; and that in 1754, when Mr. Rose's and Mr. Cooper's present 
 houses were erected, a stone wall, of nine feet thick, was discovered, undoubt- 
 edly part of the old palace." Originally also, and before the erection of West- 
 minster Hall, it is supposed that the Court of Requests was the great hall of 
 the palace. In the time of Richard II, it is found described by the appellation 
 of the Whitehall,' as it is also in 1429: for John of Gaunt is recorded to have 
 sat as seneschal in the Whitehall of the king's palace, near the king's chapel, 
 which cannot agree so well with any room as this, for the purpose of deter- 
 mining claims previous to the coronation of Richard II ; d and in 1429, on 
 the day after the coronation of Henry VI, the prince of Portugal's son was 
 made knight in the Whitehall at Westminster. 6 In 1193, the then king is 
 represented as sitting at dinner at Westminster in that hall of his which was 
 called the Little Hall/ probably this ; and the denomination was apparently 
 given to it, to distinguish it from the present Westminster Hall. The original 
 occasion of the Court of Requests as a Court, is given by Sir Edward Coke, 
 in his Fourth Institute, cap. 9, but without ascertaining the time of its com- 
 mencement ; he however speaks of it by the appellation of a Court of Re- 
 quests, or the White Hall. 
 
 Stow says, that at the upper end of the great hall by the King's Bench, is 
 a going up to a great chamber called the Whitehall, wherein is now kept the 
 Court of Wards and Liveries, and adjoining thereunto is the Court of Requests. 5 
 From this, it is evident, that they were both held in the same room; and the 
 going up by the King's Bench, which Stow mentions, means a staircase which 
 came down into the dark passage at the south-east corner of Westminster 
 Hall; for in this passage, which led to Cotton Garden, and Old Palace 
 Yard, but is now stopped up at the end next Westminster Hall, was on its 
 west side, and almost close to the door-way of Westminster Hall; another 
 door, within which was a staircase of thirty-two steps, h which led up to ihe 
 north end of the vestibule before the outer door of the lobby of the House of 
 
 b See before. c See before. 
 
 d In alba aula regii palatii Westrnonasterii, prope capellam rcgalem, are the words of the his- 
 torian by whom this fact is related; but, from an accidental loss of the reference, in the multitude 
 of papers which have been collected for this work, it is not at present remembered from whom it 
 *vas taken. The same fact is related by Speed, edit. )627> p.Go.j, on the authority of a manuscript 
 in the Cotton Library. e Anstis, among the authorities at the end, p. 28. 
 
 1 Bromton Chronicon, inter Scriptores Decern col. 1259. E Stow, Hi 1 8, p. 892. 
 
 11 llatton's New View of London, 038, speaking of Westminster Hall. 
 
64 
 
 Commons, and which was also its outer door when it was St. Stephen's Cha- 
 pel. At the other end of this vestibule was, as now, a flight of steps, which 
 led through a door-way into the Court of Requests. This, till lately, was one 
 of the two smaller doors into that room at the north end, but, together with 
 its correspondent door-way, has been closed up in the late alterations. 
 
 Sir Christopher Wren is supposed to have made the three door-ways, 
 which, till lately, were at the north end of the Court of Requests, the marks 
 of which still remain, but of these, it is imagined, that that nearest the House 
 of Commons, as corresponding exactly with the vestibule and flight of steps, 
 was an old entrance, and only modernized by Sir Christopher Wren. The 
 present way, at the upper end of Westminster Hall, between the Courts 
 of Chancery and King's Bench, was made on occasion of the trial of the 
 earl of Stafford, in 1680, in the printed account of which it is said, that 
 
 * all things being in readiness, and a large door-place broken through the 
 
 * upper end of Westminster Hall, into the room which was heretofore the 
 4 Court of Wards, their lordships passed from their House first into the 
 4 Painted Chamber, then through that called the Court of Requests, thence, 
 c turning on the left hand, into that called the Court of Wards, then entered 
 
 * at the door so broke down as aforesaid, into Westminster Hall, and passed 
 
 * through a long gallery, placed between the King's Bench and Chancery 
 4 Courts, into this new erected Court in Westminster Hall, and proceeded after 
 4 this manner, & c. 1 
 
 The staircase which, till lately, came up from the dark passage below 
 into that from Old Palace Yard to the House of Commons, just opposite the 
 north end of the Court of Requests, is known to have been erected by Sir 
 Christopher Wren, and even that is now taken down, and the space above 
 converted into a lobby for the House of Lords. The west wall of this is con- 
 ceived, on inspection and examination, to be of Henry VIHth's time. 
 
 In a little book, entitled, Relations and Observations historical and poli- 
 tick upon the Parliament, began Anno Dom. 1640, printed in 1648, p. 120, 
 mention is made of the two palaces being tilled on the sixth of August, 
 1647, with armed guards, double files, clean through Westminster Hall, up 
 the stairs to the House of Commons, and so through the Court of Requests 
 to the Lords' House, and down stairs again into the old palace. 
 
 See the Trial of William, viscount Stafford, for High Treason, in Nov. 1680, among the 
 State Trials. 
 
65 
 
 It is evident that the south west view of the chapel of St. Stephen restored, 
 inserted in The Union Magazine for January 1801, whoever was its designer, 
 cannot possibly be a correct representation of what that was, because it omits 
 in the front of the screen, towards the north west corner of the vestibule, a 
 similar entrance to that at the south west corner; and because the flight of 
 steps, as there represented, would have been an impediment to the entrance 
 into the chapel under that of St. Stephen ; besides that the situation of the 
 Court of Requests, undoubtedly an older room, though modernized, would 
 never have permitted the supposed access there exhibited under the south 
 end of the vestibule. 
 
 In 1498, it should appear, there was something like the gallery or pas- 
 sage now existing on the east side of the Court of Requests, as in a cere- 
 monial of creating the prince of Wales a knight of the Bath, in that 
 year, it is said, that in the entry between the Parliament chamber and the 
 chapel, were the baths of the earl of Northumberland, lord Maltravers, and 
 the lord Gray Ruthyn." Now, though it is not certain whether the old 
 House of Lords, or the Painted Chamber, where Parliaments used fre- 
 quently in ancient time to begin, 1 be the Parliament Chamber here meant, 
 the mention of the chapel fixes it to somewhere near that spot. 
 
 The erection of Westminster Hall, by William Rufus, extended the old 
 palace so much farther northward, to which were also added on the east, 
 several rooms used in the reign of Edward III, and still for the money depart- 
 ment of the Exchequer; these are yet existing over the entrance to the 
 Speaker's Court. The front of them is in part to be seen represented in a 
 view of the buildings on the south side of New Palace Yard before inserted ; 
 and the back in the two views of the Speaker's Court Yard, from the south 
 west and south east before given, but a portion of the lower part, close to 
 Westminster Hall, has been lately cut away to make another entrance to the 
 Speaker's Court Yard. St. Stephen's chapel had also covered a part of the 
 ground to the north of the palace, but the spot from that to the receipt offices 
 of the Exchequer, over the entrance to the Speaker's Court, was, down 
 to the time of Edward III, vacant; as in the 47th year of his reign, 13.53," 
 he granted it as such to the dean and canons of St. Stephen's chapel, for the 
 purpose of building them a cloister and necessary habitations. In the reign 
 
 k Anstis's Observations on the Knighthood of the Bath, among the authorities at the end, p. 40. 
 1 Coke, 4 [nstiti p. 8. ,n \ ide infra. 
 
 K 
 
66 
 
 of this latter king, the east side of New Palace Yard consisted of the Star 
 Chamber, and under that a chamber belonging to the clerk of the kitchen, 
 both of which have been since rebuilt; and also of stables for his war horses 
 and other horses. These he also, by one of his charters, gave to the dean 
 and canons of St. Stephen's chapel ; n and beyond these was the Water-gate, 
 still remaining on that side, a view of which has been before given. 
 
 Of the buildings adjoining Westminster Hall on the west, few, if any, it 
 is believed, are of much antiquity. Part of them, forming about half of that 
 range, which, till 1793, stood there, were of stone, and were joined by a brick 
 octagon tower, in which, of late years at least, was, and is still, a staircase; 
 and the rest extending from that tower to the end of St. Margaret's Street, 
 where they joined a gate, pulled down in 1731, were of brick. The former 
 are supposed to have been built on the old stone wall which reached from 
 Westminster Hall westward, by some of the kings previous to Edward III, 
 because buildings are found mentioned as existing there in his time; and the 
 latter were, probably, not much earlier than the reign of Henry VII, or there- 
 abouts. Of this latter range of brick building, seventy-two feet were taken 
 down in 1793, to widen the end of St. Margaret's Street; but Mr. Simco's plan, 
 before inserted, shews the state of it before this alteration. 
 
 Two messes, as Strype calls them, though the word was, in all probability, 
 only a contraction for messuages, inclosed within pales and denominated 
 Paradise and The Constabulary, p have already been noticed from Strype, as 
 existing in Palace Yard, and as having been granted, in the 13th of Hen. VI, 
 to John duke of Bedford;' 1 and in 1485, 1 Henry VII, 21 Sept. several 
 mansions within the Palace of Westminster, were, by letters patent, granted 
 to Anthony Kene, esquire, for his life. The parcels comprized in this 
 grant are there stated to be all the mansions belonging to the king within the 
 palace of Westminster; together with the custody of Paradise and Hell, within 
 Westminster Hall; three tenements, which Jacob Frye held and occupied; 
 the custody of Purgatory, within the Hall aforesaid, which Nicholas Whitfield 
 had and occupied; a certain house, called Potans House, under the Exche- 
 quer; and also a tower, called Le Grenelates, which John Catesby held and 
 
 n Vide infra Vide infra. 
 
 p The Constabulary was situated between tbe Chapel of St. Stephen and the private palace. 
 Vide infra. Which, as the private palace joined the present Parliament Office in Old Palace Yard, 
 ascertains the site of the Constabulary to have been near the west end of the present Prince's 
 Chamber. q Strype, book vi, p. 55. 
 
67 
 
 occupied ; which tower and tenements are there said not to exceed the annual 
 value of 211. 6s. 8d: Matthew Baker had, in 1502, 18 Henry VII, a similar 
 grant of the same particulars, by the description also of Paradise, Hell, Pur- 
 gatory, and Potans House; 3 and another grant of the same was, in 1550, 
 4 Edward VI, made to Sir Andrew Dudley, knight, one of the gentlemen of 
 the privy chamber, for his life. This last grant recites a former one of the 
 same king, dated the twenty-eighth day of October, in the third year of his 
 reign, by which they had before been granted to Sir Andrew Dudley for his 
 life. The particulars comprized in this recited grant are described as being 
 all and singular the tenements, messuages, and mansion-houses, called Para- 
 dise and Hell, within Westminster Hall, and the lands and tenements which 
 William Fryes lately held and occupied, a house or mansion, called Purga- 
 tory, a certain house called Potans House, under the Exchequer, a tower 
 there, and an house in which Thomas Conye lately lived, and an house called 
 Grene lattes. 
 
 After stating this former grant, the patent of 1550 proceeds to notice that 
 Henry VIII had taken into his own hands the house called Hell, of the annual 
 value of 4/. the house called Purgatory, of the annual value of 26s. 8d. and 
 also five other houses or messuages adjoining the Exchequer, situate and 
 being within the palace aforesaid, in which Richard Gelly, Giles Slaughter, 
 John Causen, Nicholas Clowde, and Emery Paunsott, lately lived, of the 
 clear annual value of 51. 6 s. 8d.; which houses or messuages are there said 
 to be occupied for, and converted to, the use of depositing and preserving the 
 records and rolls of the Court of Exchequer, and other uses relating to the 
 Exchequer aforesaid. To recompense therefore the said Sir Andrew Dudley 
 for this loss, an annuity of 12/. 13s. 8d. is granted him for his life, payable 
 out of the Exchequer half-yearly, at Easter and Michaelmas; and the first 
 payment is directed to commence from Michaelmas preceding the grant, 
 which bears date the seventeenth of May.' 
 
 Strype, book vi, p. 52, speaking of Westminster Hall, says, 4 Under the 
 
 * Hall are certain subterraneous apartments, which are called, one Paradise 
 ' and another Hell, consisting of tenements, houses, mansions, which, with 
 
 * other tenements and lands, were held in king Edward Villi's days, by one 
 4 William Fryes. These were given by that king to Sir Andrew Dudley, bro- 
 
 T See the Giant at length in Rymer's Focdera, vol. xii, p. 275- 9 Ibid. vol. xiii, p. 34. 
 
 1 See the Grant at length. Ibid. vol. x\ , j>. 233. 
 
68 
 
 ' tbcr to the great duke of Northumberland, with other lands and tenements 
 
 ' in Westminster, to him, for the term of his life, An. Regn. 3, in conside- 
 c ration of services/" 
 
 Somewhere near the palace of Westminster there were, in the time of 
 Henry III, stew ponds; for, in the thirty-fourth year of his reign, Godfrey 
 de Lyston is ordered to buy six hundred luces [or pike], and to let one 
 hundred of them be put into the king's ponds at Westminster to stock those 
 ponds/ x 
 
 A stone wall, with some houses, and a clock-house, and also a gate to- 
 wards the Woolstaple, occupied, in the time of Richard II, the north side of 
 New Palace Yard; y and a similar stone wall, with a gate at the end of the 
 present Union Street, inclosed it on the west. This wall, by a gate at the 
 north end of the now St. Margaret's Street, was connected with another 
 like stone wall extending westward from the west side of Westminster Hall; 
 so that New Palace Yard was completely inclosed: and, lastly, at the south 
 end of St. Margaret's Street, and cross the north end of the present Abingdon 
 Street, were, in like manner, stone Avails with gates in them. By these means, 
 with the old palace on the east and south sides; and a close adjoining West- 
 minster Abbey, and Westminster Abbey itself on the west, which close had 
 also a stone wall round it, Old Palace Yard, like the new, was completely 
 inclosed. 
 
 There is no reason for supposing that any of the buildings at the south 
 end, or south west corner of Westminster Hall, are, any more than those 
 adjoining its north west corner, either old themselves or erected on older foun- 
 dations, no traces of any wall more ancient than the time of Henry VIII, 
 having, after close examination and enquiry, been discovered there; it has 
 however been learnt, from those who remember them standing, that before 
 the erection of the present Committe-Rooms of the House of Commons, now 
 on that spot, there was existing a range of brick houses which stood opposite 
 the end of Henry Vllth's Chapel, in the direction from west to east. 2 This 
 range, apparently from being of brick, not older than the time of Henry VII, 
 if so old, went by the name of Heaven. Heaven here mentioned, and Hell 
 
 u Strype, book vi, p. 52. x Rot. Claus. 34 Henry III. 
 
 >' See a description of the ground in this part, inserted hereafter, from a Deed in 1394. 
 
 2 Ex rel. Mr. Thomas Gayfere, mason to Westminster Abbey, whose great age, long acquaint- 
 ance with Westminster, and perfect recollection, have enabled him to furnish many useful parti- 
 culars for this work. 
 
69 
 
 named before, seem both to have been public-houses in the time of James I, 
 and, probably, frequented by low company, especially lawyers' clerks; 
 for Ben Jonson, in his comedy of The Alchemist, introduces Doll Common, 
 as personating the Queen of Fairy, and forbidding Dapper, the lawyers 
 clerk, Avho is persuaded to believe himself her nephew, to break his fast in 
 Heaven and Hell, as not worthy of the blood he comes of. 1 Butler, in his 
 Hudibras, Part III, line 224, mentions, ' False Heaven at the end of the Hall;' 
 and on this passage is the following note given by Dr. Grey, as one of the 
 anonymous notes which accompanied the former editions. 4 After the Res- 
 t toration, Oliver's body was dug up, and his head set up at the farther end 
 * of Westminster Hall, b near which place there is an house of entertainment, 
 ' which is commonly known by the name of Heaven. ' c The History of Inde- 
 pendency, p. 31, speaks of a victualling-house called Hell, the name of which 
 has occurred before. 
 
 On the west side of Westminster Hall, was, in the year 1731, a fish yard, 
 and an house in which the king's fishmonger resided ; d but the range of build- 
 ing called Heaven, the fish-yard, and the fishmonger's house, were removed 
 to make room for the above-mentioned committee-rooms, and the staircase 
 there; the only passages to the House of Commons having, till then, been 
 through Westminster Hall ; through Waghorn's coffee-house at the south end 
 of the Court of Requests; and through a coffee-house, afterwards a private house, 
 and now converted to other uses, on the west side of the Court of Requests. 
 
 The above notices and authorities, it is to be remarked, are of different 
 periods and ages; but in searching, on the present occasion, through the 
 original accounts of the expenccs of erecting the chapel of St. Stephen, in 
 the time of Edward III, the names of the following rooms and buildings, and 
 other particulars, part of the palace of Westminster at that time, have been 
 found. 
 
 Butlery under Seneschal's chamber. 
 King's hayloft and stable, near the Treasury. 
 Chamber of the queen's treasurer and other 
 chambers. 
 
 An enclosure between the White Chamber and 
 the door towards the mill. 
 
 The king's White Chamber, near the Painted 
 
 Chamber. 
 The White Chamber, near the mill. 
 The chamber under the White Chamber, near 
 
 the mill. 
 
 The penthouse under the White Chamber. 
 
 a Alchemist, Act V. Sc. IV. 
 b This is a mistake, for the head was placed at the north end of Westminster Hall. 
 c (Jrey's Hudibras, 8vo. Lond. 1772, vol. ii, p. 210. d See before. 
 
70 
 
 A door within the king's White Chamber, above 
 the queen's bridge. 
 
 The long Alura [qu. passage or gallery/] under 
 the White Chamber. 
 
 The long penthouse, under the White Cham- 
 ber. 
 
 The White Chamber, near the Painted Cham- 
 ber. 
 
 The White Hall. 
 
 The White Chamber for the king's arms, near 
 the bridge. 
 
 The king's long White Chamber. 
 
 The low chamber of lord Giles Beauchamp, 
 under the king's White Chamber. 
 
 Chamber and penthouse, under the king's 
 White Chamber, towards the Thames. 
 
 An enclosure under the Cage Chamber, to- 
 wards the king's kitchen garden. 
 
 Penthouse under the Cage Chamber. 
 
 King's Cage Chamber. 
 
 The Cage Chamber. 
 
 Sottricer f between the king's Cage Chamber 
 
 and the queen's chamber. 
 Chambers near the Cage. 
 The king's gardens and kitchen garden. 
 Chamber of clerk of the king's wardrobe. 
 New house between the Exchequer and the 
 
 gate inwards. 
 Great hall. 
 
 Chamber of clerk of wardrobe. 
 A new house, near the Exchequer. 
 Chamber of a clerk, near the new chapel. 
 The chandlery. 
 
 The door of the gardener's chamber. 
 The queen's wardrobe. 
 
 The new chamber, near the door of the cham- 
 ber above the inner gate. 
 
 Two doors near the new chapel, viz. those of 
 the chamber of the clerk of the pantry and 
 the king's butler. 
 
 The long stable. 
 
 The chamber of W. de Killesby, near the king's 
 pond. 
 
 A pond near the stable. 
 
 A chamber near the door of the green chamber. 
 
 The green chamber. 
 
 The chamber near the green chamber. 
 
 A tower above the chandlery. 
 
 A tower near the chandlery. 
 
 New house between the Exchequer and the 
 
 new gate ; made for the hall of the family in 
 
 Parliament time. 
 A low chamber under the cistern, near the 
 
 Painted Chamber. 
 The long Alura [qu. gallery or passage.] 
 New house between the Exchequer and inner 
 
 gate. 
 
 The queen's chambers. 
 
 Chamber of treasurer of wardrobe. 
 
 Painted Chamber. 
 
 The little hall. 
 
 The Alura [or gallery]. 
 
 Chamber in the tower over the porter's chamber, 
 
 near the inner gate. 
 Chamber called the counting-house, above the 
 
 aforesaid inner gate. 
 The king and queen's chambers. 
 An inclosure between the little hall and the 
 
 west end of St. Stephen's chapel. 
 An old penthouse, near the smith's shop. 
 The great Exchequer at the door of, and above 
 
 the office of the king's remembrancer. 
 The great lodge above the stone-cutters. 
 The coppe-house, [or tool-house 8 ] under the 
 
 king's chapel. 
 The kitchen garden, near Killesby's chamber. 
 A wall between the transur and the chamber of 
 
 the clerk of the kitchen. 
 The marshal's chamber under the great hall. 
 The wall between the door of the great hall, 
 
 and the chamber near the water-gate. 
 Penthouse under the great hall. 
 
 « The word Alura has not been found in any glossary, but is supposed here to mean a passage or gallery, 
 from the French verb Aller, to go. 1 qu. a Sub terrace. 
 
 2 Copeus in Latin is a mason's tool. See Littleton's Dictionary. 
 
71 
 
 An inclosure between the door of the little hall 
 
 and the west end of the chapel. 
 Chamber of clerk of the works. 
 The Alura [or gallery] between the new chapel 
 
 and Painted Chamber. 
 Upper and lower chamber of the new tower 
 
 between the king's new chamber and the 
 
 Thames. 
 
 The chamber of the keeper of the great horses. 
 Chamber for the baker. 
 Outer ward of the palace. 
 
 A conduit in form of a leopard, within the wall 
 
 under the hall called Stanneyn. 
 A door under the little hall. 
 New house near the Receipt of the Exchequer. 
 Kitchen in Pergate ward. 
 
 King's closet near the great altar of the new 
 chapel. 
 
 New chamber near mason's lodge. 
 A galilee [or porch 11 ] on the south side of the 
 chapel. 
 
 A new house called Galil, between the great 
 hall and the small joining of the new 
 chapel. 
 
 The great kitchen. 
 
 The king's wardrobe. 
 
 The privy seal house. 
 
 The chancellary. 
 
 New kitchen. 
 
 New tower at the end of the king's garden. 
 
 A clock tower within the palace. 
 
 Chamber near the king's Receipt. 
 
 Exchequer of Receipt, and the king's treasury. 
 
 Wall near the mill. 
 
 A cloister. 
 
 A tower and the clock-house. 
 
 The tower near the king's garden. 
 
 A staircase from the seneschal's chamber into 
 the small court opposite the conduit. 
 
 Seneschal's chamber on the west part of the 
 great hall, Westm. 
 
 Great Chamber of the seneschal. 
 
 Seneschal's chamber opposite the great con- 
 duit. 
 
 Cellars under the seneschal's and marshal's 
 
 chambers. 
 King's larder. 
 
 King's buttery [Botillar. Regis]. 
 King's bridge. 
 
 Cellar in the prince's house. 
 King's Exchequer. 
 
 Cellar under the chamber of the great conduit. 
 King's stable. 
 King's great stable. 
 Stable for war horses. 
 Cellar under prince's chamber. 
 Prince's chamber. 
 Door under prince's chamber. 
 Folding door under the little hall. 
 Tower above marshal's chamber. 
 Door of Hell in the Exchequer. 
 House called Holle under the Exchequer. 
 Council room in the Exchequer. 
 Chamber above the Chandlery. 
 Court formerly earl of Kent's. 
 A house called Stiwardes Hall [qu. the steward's 
 hall.] 
 
 Long house near the great hall. 
 Hall of the keeper of the palace. 
 Chamber of keeper of the palace. 
 Sci.lding-house. 
 
 Gate near the bridge leading towards the new 
 chapel. 
 
 A prison called the Round-house, near Stur- 
 
 myne's hall. 
 Stuimyne's hall. 
 
 Door of great hall towards the chapel. 
 Water-gate. 
 
 Inclosure beyond the Water-gate. 
 
 Wicket of the door of the great hall towards 
 
 the king's chapel. 
 King's chamber. 
 
 Le Godeshouse in the Receipt of the Exche- 
 quer. 
 Queen's bridge. 
 Kind's low chamber. 
 King's bath for hot and cold water. 
 King's mews. 
 
 >> Galilea, a portico. See Du Fresno's Glossary. 
 
Sneyp-gate near the Round-house. 
 
 King's fcvvel-honse. 
 
 A chamber of the queen's palace. 
 
 Salsaria, i. e. the salting-house. 
 
 Salt-house [or salting-house, qu.] under the 
 
 Exchequer. 
 Porter's house. 
 
 King's cellar. 
 
 Chamber called the Eleemosynary. 
 
 Window between great buttery and le coppe- 
 
 house. 
 Buttery-hatch. 
 
 Chamber of clerk of the kitchen. 
 
 The building used by the House of Commons for their sittings, has been 
 already described to have been, what it really was, a part of the old palace. 
 It is said to have been originally erected by king Stephen, 1 and was rebuilt 
 by Edward III;" but for the former of these facts no ancient authority has 
 been produced, nor has Hatton, who in his New View of London, p. 629, has 
 asserted, that it was a chapel founded by king Stephen, anno 1141, and new 
 built by Edward III, 1347, given any reference to support his assertion. 
 As, however, he has so precisely mentioned the year, it cannot be supposed 
 that lie affirmed it without sufficient warrant; and it is undoubtedly true, 
 that those who of late years have had occasion to mention this building, 
 have, it is believed, without a single exception, universally acquiesced in the 
 idea that the original edifice wa: erected by him. On better evidence it is 
 however known to have been existing as early as the time of king John, who, 
 in the seventh year of his reign, 1206, granted to Baldwin de London, clerk 
 of his Exchequer, the chapelship of St. Stephen's, at Westminster, 1 &c. At 
 that time, therefore, or before, it had been already dedicated to St. Stephen, 
 and was, probably, intended as a chapel for the palace, instead of a small 
 one used by Edward the Confessor, which occupied a part of the spot where 
 Cotton House afterwards stood,™ but which might have been thought, or 
 found too small or inelegant, to suit with a royal residence, of which the pre- 
 sent Westminster Hall was intended but as one room. That there was a 
 chapel in use here before the erection of this is clear, as Hugo Flory was, 
 in the time of William Rufus, confirmed abbot of Canterbury, in the king's 
 chapel at Westminster." As a chapel to the palace, and therefore to be 
 maintained at the k ing's ex pence, from time to time, it does not appear to 
 have originally had any endowment, neither does there seem to have been 
 any kind of property belonging to it till the time of its re-foundation, or, 
 
 ■ See before. k Stow, lGl8, p. 892.— 10.03, p. 523. 
 
 1 Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 54. m Ibid. 
 
 n Chronica VV. Thorn, inter Decern. Scriptores col. 1795. 
 
73 
 
 more properly, its first foundation and endowment by Edward III. It is 
 however singular, that in some copies of the Taxatio Ecclesiastica P. Ni- 
 cholai, which bears date in 1291, it is certainly mentioned by the appellation 
 of Capella Westmon. or the chapel of Westminster. The instances occur in 
 the enumeration of ecclesiastical benefices in the deanry of Pontefract, or 
 Pomfret, as it is usually called, in the diocese of York, among which are the 
 
 following articles : 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Ecclesia de Birton, praeter pensionem et portionem 23 6 8 
 
 Portio Reginaldi in eadem 10 
 
 Ecclesia de Dewesbury, praeter pensionem 80 
 
 Ecclesia de Wakefeld, praeter pensionem 33 6 8 
 
 Ecclesia de Sandale, praeter pensionem. 26 13 4 
 
 And the portion of Reginald is there said to belong wholly to the chapel of 
 Westminster. The other three articles, following that, are there also described 
 as belonging to the chapel of Westminster. Of this difficulty, the only 
 solution seems to be the supposition that the copy where these occur, must 
 have been a later transcript of the original, and, probably, subsequent to 
 Edward Illd's time, as these were part of his benefactions; unless, indeed, 
 the passages referring to the chapel of Westminster, have been interpolations, 
 inserted after the rest were written. Even in the time of Henry III, it was 
 however an object of elegant and expensive decoration ; as on the seventh of 
 February, in the 20th year of his reign, 1236, that king gave orders to H. de 
 Patteshull, his treasurer, that the border on the back of the king's seat in this 
 chapel, and the border on the back of the queen's seat on the opposite side 
 of the same chapel, should bo painted within and without of a green colour; 
 and that by the side of the queen's seat should be painted a cross, with Mary 
 and John, opposite the king's cross, which was painted by the side of the king's 
 seat. p In the 24th year of his reign, 1239, the same king orders the treasurer and 
 chamberlains of his Exchequer to provide, among other things, one hundred 
 wax candles, to be placed in the chapel of St. Stephen on that saint's day; 
 and one hundred wax candles for the chapel of St. John on that saint's day.' 1 
 And 29 Oct. in the same year, Hugh de Patteshull is ordered to procure to 
 
 See the Taxatio Ecclesiastica, published by order of his Majesty, in consequence of an Ad- 
 dress of the House of Commons, folio, 1802, p. 298. 
 
 p Rot. Glaus. A 20 Hen. Ill, m. 12. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i, p. 7. 
 i Rot. Clans. 24 Hen. Ill- 
 r. 
 
74 
 
 be made at the upper end of the chapel of St. Stephen, a new, good, and 
 large door/ The next mandate that occurs is singular, it bears date 27 Hen. Ill, 
 29 Oct. and directs John Maunsel, as the king had signified that he had not in 
 his chapel wages to the amount of two hundred marks, to pawn the more 
 valuable image of St. Mary, but under condition, that it should be deposited 
 in a decent place. 5 In his 29th year, 1245, the same king commanded Ed- 
 ward Fitz Odo to have painted on the outside of the king's seat in St. Ste- 
 phen's chapel, Westminster, as the chapel is entered from the Hall, the figure 
 of the Virgin Mary; and on the other side of the chancel, towards the garden 
 door, the figures of the king and queen, which are there directed to be got 
 ready against the king's coming.' This record, in another point of view also, 
 is valuable, as it decidedly shews that one entrance to the chapel, probably 
 at the west end, was from Westminster Hall, and that it had also a door to 
 the garden. This garden, in all likelihood, was on the south side, and lay 
 between the chapel itself and the Painted Chamber; and it is conceived that, 
 near the door above-mentioned, there was a flight of steps down into the 
 garden ; the chapel of St. Stephen being then, as now, not on the ground, 
 but first floor of the building. 
 
 By another writ, 20 Dec. in his 32d year, 1247, the same king orders 
 W. de Haverhull, his treasurer, and Edward de Westminster, to get made, 
 among other things, a wax candle of one hundred pounds, to be placed in 
 the chapel of St. Stephen; and a wax candle, of one hundred pounds, for 
 the chapel of St. John." In his 34th year, 1250, he gives orders to Edward 
 de Westminster, that in the chapel of St. Stephen, the figures of the apostles 
 should be painted round the chapel, the last judgment at the west end, and 
 that the portrait of the blessed Virgin should be painted on a board; and that 
 all these should be ready against the king's coming.* 
 
 From this time to the reign of Edward III, no further mention is made 
 by any author in print, of ornaments or decorations bestowed on this chapel, 
 excepting, indeed, that Mr. Topham, in his Account of the Chapel of St. 
 Stephen, published by the Antiquarian Society, has given the title of one 
 Roll of Expences, which shews that it was repaired by Edward I. The title 
 of the Roll, as he gives it, is as follows : ' Primus Rotulus de operationibus 
 
 r Rot. Claus. 24 Henry III. » Rot. Claus. 27 Henry III. 
 
 * Rot. Claus. 29 Henry III, m. 15. 11 Rot. Claus. 32 Henry HI. 
 
 ■ Claus. 54 Henry HI, m. 7, as cited, Anecdotes of Painting, vol.i, p. 15. From what pre- 
 cedes in p. 14, it is evident that tins should be 34 instead of 54. 
 
75 
 
 c primo factis pro capella beati Stephani in palatio Wcstmonasterio. In 
 4 honore Dei, beate Marie Virginis, et beati Stephani incipiente. Rotulus de 
 
 * misis et expensis factis circa fundamentum capelle regis in suo palatio 
 c apud Westmonasterium, per manus magistri Michaelis de Cantuaria ce- 
 
 * mentarii, videlicet a die Lune proximo post festum Sancte Marce Evange- 
 c liste vicessimo octavo die mensis Aprilis anno regni Regis Edwardi fiiii 
 ' Regis Henrici vicesimo/ This is the title exactly as he has printed it, and 
 he speaks of this, and one more roll in the time of Edward III, as existing in 
 the Exchequer, and as communicated to him by Craven Ord, Esq. As the 
 king Edward here mentioned is described as the son of king Henry, there 
 can be no doubt of its being Edward I, the twentieth year of whose reign 
 was 1292. i 
 
 So many errors have been found, on examination, in relations of facts 
 made by all those who have given any particulars relative to this chapel, that 
 it was determined, on the present occasion, to seek for better sources of in- 
 formation, by an actual inspection of the original records themselves; and 
 although the above-mentioned roll was unfortunately not found, on a search 
 made for the purpose of this work, yet eleven other rolls of the same reign 
 have been discovered and inspected, and they have furnished, as will be seen, 
 an abundance of authentic, curious, and original particulars. 
 
 Though all these rolls, with the exception of only two, wholly omit the 
 name of the king, specifying the time no further than by the year of his 
 reign, and those two simply stile him king Edward; they are, as will be pre- 
 sently shewn, unquestionably of the reign of Edward I, and this will be suf- 
 ficiently proved, by observing, that one of them professes to contain the 
 expenditure for the week, in which the feast of the Annunciation of our 
 Lady occurred, in the 21st year of king Edward, and for Easter week next 
 following. Easter week, therefore, in that year, must have been the next 
 week to that in which the feast of the Annunciation, or, as it is now called, 
 Lady Day, was; for when the other accounts proceed, as they do, regularly 
 week by week, and each succeeding account follows its preceding without 
 any interval, it cannot, with any reason, be contended, that any chasm was 
 here designed. Now in 1293, the 21st year of Edward I, Easter Day was 
 the 29th of March; in 1347, the 21st of Edward 111, it was the 10th of 
 April ; y and Edward II reigned only nineteen years; 2 so that the peculiarity 
 above pointed out, will agree with none but Edward I. 
 
 Till the first discovery of the roll mentioned by Mr. Tophani, it was not 
 
 y Du Fresne's Glossary, art. Anuus, sub anuis, 1293 and 1347« * Baker's Chron, 
 
7<; 
 
 known that Edward I had done any thing to this chapel, nor do the eleven 
 rolls above spoken of sufficiently particularize in what his repairs or im- 
 provements consisted ; but they cannot be thought trifling or unimportant, 
 when it is remembered, that the roll mentioned by Mr. Topham as the first, 
 speaks of them as begun on the 28th of April, in the 20th year of the king's 
 reign, and that the latest of the eleven is numbered so high as 113, and is for 
 the week next after the feast of St. Bartholomew, in the twenty-second. The 
 number of masons at work at the same time was, in one week forty-two, in 
 another ninety-four; squarers of stone in one week fifty-five; smiths in one 
 week ten, in another eleven; carpenters six; plumbers three; and pain- 
 ters, on an average, from eleven to fourteen. Nor is this all the information 
 which these valuable records have supplied, for they most decidedly prove, 
 from an enumeration of the particular items, the use of oil in painting, so 
 early as the 20th year of Edward I, for that is the date of the earliest roll, 
 and prior, by 150 years, to its supposed invention by John ab Eyck. They 
 furnish also the names of painters in this country entirely unknown before, 
 and existing in a period during which, lord Orford confesses, he found no 
 vestiges of the art, though, he says, it was certainly preserved here, at least 
 by painting on glass/ From the colours mentioned in these rolls, such as 
 white lead, red lead, vermillion, azure, gold and silver, it is evident that 
 this could not have been only for house painting. On the contrary, the 
 length of time employed, which was at least from the feast of St. Martin, 
 [11 Nov.] in the 20th, to the week next after the feast of St. Bartholomew, 
 [24 Aug.] in the 22d year of the king's reign; together with the number of 
 the painters, on an average from eleven to fourteen, makes it more probable 
 that the paintings were not even heraldical bearings, but human figures, either 
 portraits, or ideal representations, and historical subjects; such as were after- 
 wards painted on the walls when the chapel was rebuilt by Edward III. 
 That no part of the paintings, done in the reign of Edward I, were remaining 
 in this chapel at the time of the discovery of those, which it is the object of 
 the present work to explain and elucidate, is certain; because the chapel was 
 rebuilt by Edward III, and the only portraits then found in it on such dis- 
 covery, were evidently of persons who flourished in the time of Edward III. 
 After these observations, nothing further is necessary, than to remark, that 
 the earliest that has been found of these eleven rolls is numbered 29, the 
 next earliest 45, the rest 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, and the latest 113„ 
 and they contain the following particulars: 
 
 * Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i, p. 3G* 
 
77 
 
 In a roll of the wages of the masons, smiths, 
 and other workmen, about the king's chapel 
 at Westminster, in the week containing the 
 feast of St. Martin [10 November] in the 
 QOth year of the king's reign, though the 
 king's name is not mentioned, are the follow- 
 ing articles. 
 
 £. >. d. 
 
 For the wages of Michael the apparitor [or 
 
 foreman] for a week O 3 6 
 
 Five masons there named, for five days, 
 
 each Is, id 10 5 
 
 Another for four days O 1 8 
 
 Another for five days O 2 I 
 
 Twenty-four others there named, for five 
 
 days, to each for five days 1 s. 10±d 2 5 
 
 Ten more there also named, for five days, 
 
 each Is. 8d O 16 8 
 
 Another for five days O l 3 
 
 Total of all the masons 407 
 Smiths. 
 
 Jacob of Lenesham for a week 3 O 
 
 Five more there also named, for a week, 
 
 Is. each O 10 O 
 
 Three more for a week, at Is. 6d. each. ..04 6 
 
 One more for a week O 1 3 
 
 Total of the smiths 18 9 
 
 Rob. the carpenter, for five days O 1 10^ 
 
 Adam Le Tulour and his two companions, 
 
 for five days O 6 3 
 
 To his two boys, for five days 2 1 
 
 William de Haspel for five days 10 
 
 In a roll of the wages of the masons, smiths, 
 squarers of stone, and other workmen at the 
 works of the king's chapel at Westminster^ in 
 the week containing the feast of the Annun- 
 ciation of our Ladi/, [0,5 March] in the 'list 
 year of the reign of king Edward; and for 
 the Easter zeeek e?isuing, in the same year, the 
 following particulars occur. 
 
 For the wages of Michael the apparitor, for 
 two weeks O 7 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Three masons there named, for seven days, 
 
 at sixpence a day each 10 6 
 
 Another for six days o 3 o 
 
 Another for four days O 2 O 
 
 Thirteen masons for seven days, each per 
 
 day 5 \d. so to each 3s. l\d 2 1 8$ 
 
 Three more for four days, at 5\d. a day ..056 
 Twenty-one more for seven days, at 5 d. a 
 
 day each, 2 s. 1 1 d. each 3 13 
 
 Another for four days 1 8 
 
 Two more for twelve days, at A\ d. a day each 9 O 
 Thirty more masons for seven days, at 4^d. 
 
 a day, Is. T\d. to each 3 18 9 
 
 Four more for six days, at 2 s. 3 d. each . . . O Q O 
 
 Four more for four days, at 1 s. 6d. each . . O 6 O 
 Six more for seven days, at Ad. each, so 
 
 2s. 4d. to each O 14 O 
 
 Another for six days. O 2 O 
 
 Another for thirteen days, at 3d. a day. . . . O 3 3 
 
 Three more for seven days, each 1 s. Qd. . . O 5 3 
 
 Total of all the masons 12 19 10i 
 
 Squarers of stone and their assistants. 
 
 Two for seven days, each per day 5d O 5 10 
 
 Another for four days O 1 8 
 
 Twenty-four squarers for seven days, each 
 
 per day 4\d. so 2s. 7\d. to each 3 3 O 
 
 Another for four days O 1 6 
 
 Nine more squarers for seven days, at 4^d. 
 
 a day each 1 3 
 
 Another for six days O 2 3 
 
 Three more for five days, at A\d. per day 
 
 each O 5 
 
 Nine more for seven days, at 4 </. a day each, 
 
 and so 2s. 4d. each 1 1 O 
 
 Four more for two days and an half, each 1 v. O 4 O 
 
 One more for seven days O 2 "\ 
 
 Total of all the squarers (ill 1 \ 
 
 Smiths. 
 
 Jacob de Lenesham for two weeks O 0' o 
 
 Another for the same time O 5 O 
 
 Six more for seven days, 2s. 4d. each .... O 14 
 
 Two more for seven days, each 1 s. 9 d. . . . O 3 (i 
 
 Another for seven days 1 5^ 
 
 Tota] of the smiths 1 Q ,1 1 \ 
 
78 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Carpenters. 
 
 One for four days O 1 10 
 
 Two for four days O 2 4 
 
 Two for seven days, at 5 d. a day each .... 510 
 
 Another for five days O O 10 
 
 Total of the carpenters O 11 10 
 
 Plumbers. 
 
 One for four days O 2 
 
 Two more for four days O 3 O 
 
 Total of the plumbers 5 
 
 Twentieth of the king's reign, though what king 
 is not mentioned, for the week containing the 
 feast of St. Martin, [10 Not'.] 
 
 COST OF THE PAINTING. 
 
 Half an hundred of gold 1 8 
 
 Three hundred of silver O 1 6 
 
 Two pounds of tin O 8 
 
 One pottle of oil 5 
 
 A candle O O I 
 
 Total 4 4 
 
 Master Walter's wages for a week O 7 O 
 
 John of Soningdon, for six days O 2 6 
 
 John of Carlisle, for the same time 2 6 
 
 Roger of Winchester, for the same time. . . O 2 6 
 
 Tho nas of Worcester, for three days O 1 3 
 
 Roger de Beauchamp, for one day O O 5 
 
 Roger of Ireland, for one day O O 5 
 
 Thomas, son of Master Walter, for six days O 1 6 
 
 Henry of Sodingdon, for six days 1 3 
 
 Total of wages O 19 4 
 
 Total of the whole relating to the Painting 13 8 
 
 Twenty-first year of Edzcard,for the week con- 
 taining the Annunciation, [0.5 March] and for 
 Easter week following. 
 
 Cost of the painting for two weeks. 
 
 One hundred of gold o 3 4 
 
 One quartern of azure O O 6 
 
 One half quartern of sinople O 6 
 
 Pour pounds of white lead O O 7 
 
 £, s. d, 
 
 One pound of red lead O O 2 
 
 One pottle of oil O O 5 
 
 For the wages of Master Walter, for two 
 
 weeks O 14 O 
 
 Andrew, for four days O 2 8 
 
 John of Sonning, for eight days o 4 8 
 
 John of Carlisle, for eight days o 4 O 
 
 John of Notingham o 3 4 
 
 Thomas, son of Master Walter o 3 O 
 
 Total of the painting for two weeks 117 2 
 
 Twenty-first year of the king's reign, but no 
 king named, for the week containing the feast 
 of Peter, ad Vincula, [1 August. .] 
 
 THE PAINTING. 
 
 Three hundred of gold O 10 O 
 
 Two hundred of silver O 1 d 
 
 Four pounds of tin , . O 1 2 
 
 Twelve pounds of white lead O 1 Q 
 
 Three pounds of red lead o O 6 
 
 Four pounds of red vernish o l 2 
 
 Oil and cole 5\ 
 
 The wages of Master Walter for a week . . O 7 
 
 Andrew, for five days 3 4 
 
 John of Soninghull for the same 2 11 
 
 Richard of Stowell. . ~\ 
 John of Carlisle . . . . { 
 William de Briddes . I 
 Thomas of Worcester j 
 
 Edmund of Norfolk, for five days o 2 5 
 
 Thomas, son of the master 
 
 William of Ros 
 
 William of Oxford VeachlJ. 
 
 Matthew of Worcester • m au 
 Godfrey of Norfolk . . 
 
 o 10 
 
 Ud^ 3. ...... .■ KJ 
 
 I For five days, 
 ^>eachls. IQld. O 
 
 Total of the whole of the painting 2 10 9 
 
 Twenty-first year of the king, but no king named, 
 for the week next after the feast of St. Peter, 
 ad Vincula, [1 Aug."] 
 
 COST OF THE PAINTING. 
 
 Seven hundred of gold l 3 4 
 
 One quartern of azure O 1 O 
 
 Oil O 5 
 
79 
 
 £■ •■ * 
 
 Two pounds of tin O 7 
 
 Cole O O 1 
 
 Master Walter, for his wages for a week . . O 7 O 
 
 Andrew, for six days O 4 
 
 Giletto, for four days O 2 8 
 
 John of Soninghull O 3 6* 
 
 Richard of Stocwell. . "\ 
 
 Thomas of Worcester s. for six days O 9 O 
 
 William de Briddis.. . J 
 
 John of Carlisle, for four days , . . 2 O 
 
 Edmund of Norfolk O 2 O 
 
 Thomas, the son of the master"} 
 
 William of Ros (forsixdays, 
 
 Richard of Oxford f ^ ° 9 ° 
 
 Godfrey of Norfolk J 
 
 John of Halstede O 1 6 
 
 Total of the painting 367 
 
 Twenty-first year of the kings reign, but no king 
 named, for the week containing the feast of 
 the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, [15 A ug.J 
 
 COST OF THE PAINTING. 
 
 Seven hundred of gold 1 3 4 
 
 One quartern of sinople O 1 O 
 
 One pound of green O O 5 
 
 Half an ounce of indebas O O 2 
 
 One half quartern of azure O 6 
 
 Four pounds of white lead O O 7 
 
 Master Walter, for his wages for a week . . O 7 O 
 
 Andrew, for five days O 3 4 
 
 Giletto, for the same time o 3 4 
 
 John of Soninghulle O 2 11 
 
 Richard of Stocwell. . ~\ 
 
 John of Carlisle . . . . f for fiye ^ 10 O 
 
 Thomas of Worcester I 
 William de Briddis . . J 
 
 Edmund of Norfolk O 2 1 
 
 Thomas, the son of the master 1 
 
 Godfrey of Norfolk $ ° 3 9 
 
 John of Essex O l 3 
 
 Total of the painting 2 19 8£ 
 
 Twenty-first year of king "Edward, for the week 
 next after the feast of the Assumption of the 
 Virgin Mary, [15 Aug.] 
 
 COST OF THE PAINTING. 
 
 jr. s. d. 
 
 Four hundred of gold O 13 4 
 
 Four hundred of silver O 2 O 
 
 Half a quartern of azure O 6 
 
 Two pounds of tin O O 7 
 
 Oil 6 
 
 Cole O O 1 
 
 For the wages of Master Walter O 7 O 
 
 Andrew and Giletto, for six days O 8 O 
 
 John of Soninghulle O 3 6 
 
 Richard of Stocwell. , 
 
 John of Carlisle ..... 
 
 >for six days O 12 
 
 William de Briddis . . ' 
 
 Thomas of Worcester 
 
 Edmund of Norfolk 2 6 
 
 Thomas, the son of the master"^ 
 
 William of Ros >f r six days O 6 9 
 
 Godfrey of Norfolk J 
 
 John of Essex O 1 6 
 
 Six hundred of gold l O O 
 
 Total of the painting 3 18 3 
 
 Twenty-first of the king, without naming him, 
 for the week containing the feast of St. Bar- 
 tholomew, [24 Aug.] 
 
 COST OF THE PAINTING. 
 Three hundred of irold 10 
 
 Four hundred of silver O 
 
 Five pounds of tin O 
 
 Eight pounds of white lead O 
 
 One quartern of azure O 
 
 Oil O 
 
 One pound of varnish O 
 
 Vermillion o 
 
 For the wages of Master Walter for a week O 
 
 Andrew and Giletto o 
 
 John of Soninghull O 
 
 Richard of Stocwell. . 
 Thomas of Worcester 
 
 John of Carlisle 
 
 William dc Briddis . . 
 
 
 O 
 
 5i 
 2 
 O 
 6 
 
 3* 
 3 
 () 
 8 
 
 2 11 
 
 -each 2 s. 6 d O 10 
 
80 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Edmund of Norfolk O 2 1 
 
 Thomas, the son of the master } 
 
 C 03Q 
 
 Godfrey of Norfolk J y 
 
 John of Essex 1 3 
 
 Total of the painting 2 10 4 
 
 Twenty-first of the king, without naming him, 
 for the week next after the feast of Saint 
 Bartholomew, [24 Aug.] 
 
 COST OF THE PAINTING. 
 
 Two hundred of gold O 6 8 
 
 Four hundred of silver O 2 O 
 
 One quartern of azure 1 O 
 
 One quartern of sinople O O 6 
 
 Three pounds of tin O O 10| 
 
 One quartern of vermillion 6 5 
 
 Eight pound-s of white lead 1 2 
 
 One pound of myne O O 2 
 
 One quartern of tinctu O O 2 
 
 One quartern of white varnish. . . . • O O 2§ 
 
 One pottle of oil O O 6 
 
 For the wages of Master Walter for a week O 7 O 
 
 Andrew and Giletto, for a week O 8 O 
 
 John of Soninghull O 3 6 
 
 Richard of Stockwell, for five days O 2 6 
 
 William de Briddis 7 r . , n c „ 
 
 > for six days O 6 O 
 
 John de Carlisle . . J 
 
 Thomas of Worcester, for one day O 6 
 
 Edmund of Norfolk O 2 6 
 
 Thomas, the son of the master ■> _ 
 
 ' t 046 
 
 Godfrey of Norfolk J 
 
 John of Essex 1 6 
 
 Total of the painting 299 
 
 Twenty-first year of the king's reign, without 
 naming him, for the week containing the Na- 
 tivity of the Virgin Mary, [8 Sept.] 
 
 COST OF THE PAINTING- 
 
 Two hundred of gold O 6 8 
 
 Two hundred of silver o l o 
 
 Two pounds of tin o O 7 
 
 Oil 6 
 
 One quartern of azure 1 O 
 
 £■ s. d. 
 
 Six pounds of white lead O 10| 
 
 Two pounds of red lead O O 2 
 
 One pound of red varnish O O 4 
 
 Sinople O 6 
 
 Vermillion , O O 3 
 
 Cole O O I 
 
 For the wages of Master Walter for a week 7 O 
 
 Andrew and Giletto O 8 O 
 
 Richard of Stocwell O 3 
 
 John of Soninghull O 3 6 
 
 John of Carlisle. . t 
 
 Wm. of Briddis .. $ ° 6 ° 
 
 Edmund of Norfolk O 2 6 
 
 Thomas, the son of the master ■> „ ' a 
 
 ' L 036 
 
 Godfrey of Norfolk j 
 
 John of Essex 1 6 
 
 Total of the painting 2 7 ll§ 
 
 Twenty-first of the king's reign, without naming 
 the king, for the week containing the feast of 
 the Exaltation of the Cross, [14 Sept.] 
 
 COST OF THE PAINTING. 
 
 Two hundred and an half of gold O 8 4 
 
 Four hundred of silver O 2 O 
 
 Four pounds of tin ] 2 
 
 Four pounds of white O J 
 
 One pound of red lead O 2 
 
 One pound of red varnish O O 3£ 
 
 One quartern of white varnish O O 2£ 
 
 One half quartern of tinctu O O 2 
 
 Cole O O I 
 
 For die wages of Master Walter for a week 7 Q 
 
 Andrew and Giletto, for five days O 6 8 
 
 John of Soninghull, for five days O 2 11 
 
 Richard of Stocwell. 
 
 John of Carlisle > for five days 7 6 
 
 William de Briddis. . J 
 
 Thomas of Worcester, for one day 6 
 
 Edmund of Norfolk, for five days 2 1 
 
 Thomas, the son of the master 7 
 
 Godfrey of Norfolk j for five days O 3 9 
 
 John of Essex, for five days O 1 3 
 
 Matthew of Worcester, for one day 4$ 
 
 The amount of the whole painting 2 5 0$ 
 
81 
 
 Twenty-second year of the king's reign, without 
 naming him, for the week next after the feast 
 of St. Bartholomew, [2l Aug.] 
 
 COST OF THE PAINTING. 
 
 
 €■ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 For the wages of Master Walter for 
 
 a week 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 John of Sonnynghull 1 ^ week 
 Richard of Essex . . . ) 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Thomas, the son of the master 7 ^ 
 
 a week 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Thomas Brimesgrove for a week fj 2 9 
 
 Richard of Oxford, for a week O 2 6 
 
 Thomas of Clare, for a week O 2 3 
 
 John of Halstede, for a week O 2 O 
 
 Total 
 
 Total of the whole painting 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 10* 
 
 * There are errors here in the castings up, but they stand so in the record. 
 
 In this state, as repaired by Edward I, this chapel seems to have remained 
 till the beginning of the reign of Edward III, when, probably, more with a view 
 of enlarging and rendering it more splendid, than because it stood in need of 
 any thing more than a slight repair, that prince determined to pull it down, 
 and erect one far more sumptuous on the spot. Stow, in his Annals, edit. l6'15, 
 p. 254, says, under the year 1353, 27 Edward III, that ' king Edward altered 
 ' the chapel, which his progenitors before had founded, of St. Stephen at 
 ' Westminster, into a college of twelve secular canons, twelve vicars, and 
 
 * other ministers, accordingly, and endued b it with revenues to the sum of 
 
 * five hundred pound by year/ For this, he cites in the margin, a charter, 
 which probably might be that of 1 Jan. 1353, hereafter mentioned; but 
 which Stow might, when he wrote the above passage, have mistaken for the 
 original charter of endowment. That it was not so, is evident, as there was 
 an earlier in 1348, and others between that and 1353. c In his Survey, how- 
 ever, Stow says, ' this chapel was again since, of a far more curious workman- 
 i ship new builded by king Edward III, in the year 1347, for thirty-eight per- 
 
 * sons in that church to serve God, to wit, a dean, twelve secular canons, thir- 
 ' teen vicars, four clerks, six chorists, two servitors ; to wit, a verger and a 
 
 * keeper of the chapel. He builded it for them/ adds Stow, * from the house 
 
 * of Receipt, along nigh to the Thames, within the same palace, there to inha- 
 
 * bit; and since that there were also buildings for them betwixt the clock-house 
 ' and the Woolstaple, called the Weigh-house/ <l In many of these particulars 
 Stow is most egregiously mistaken. The chapel does not stand, as he repre- 
 sents it, from the house of Receipt, along nigh to the Thames, but this was 
 
 b Sic orig. c See them stated in a subsequent page. d Stow, lGlS, p. 892. 
 
 M 
 
82 
 
 actually the situation of houses for the vicars/ which were erected afterwards. 
 Again, they never had any buildings to reside in between the clock-house 
 and the Woolstaple; but they had a grant of a piece of ground, abutting on 
 the lane, which lane led by the clock-house to the Woolstaple/ and on that 
 piece of ground houses for the dean and canons were afterwards built. The 
 lane led from east to west, and these houses stood from south to north, as 
 will appear hereafter. His blunder arose from not observing, on reading the 
 grant, which was the direction of the boundary line, and which was that of 
 the ground it enclosed; and that the last description which he has given, 
 referred to the lane, and not to the houses. 
 
 It is not however only in the local situation of these places that Stow is 
 mistaken, for he has fixed the time of re-building this chapel considerably 
 too late; as the original records, still existing, and extracts from which will 
 be hereafter inserted, evidently demonstrate, that the re-building had com- 
 menced in the month of June, in the 4th of Edward III, 1330, if not before. 
 By the month of August, 1348, it must be concluded, that the structure was 
 in such a state of forwardness as to be, in some degree, fit for use ; since by 
 patent, dated the twentieth of that month, the contents of which will be more 
 fully stated in a subsequent page, the nature of its foundation was ascer- 
 tained, and its endowment settled. 
 
 For the necessary supply of artists, it appears, that commissions were 
 issued to various persons, authorizing them to procure such as were wanted. 
 In the year 1349, g for instance, the king issued a mandate, dated 30 July, 
 directed to all and singular sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, and ministers, and all 
 his faithful subjects, as well within liberties as without, to whom that writing 
 should come. It recites, that he had appointed John de Brampton, to pro- 
 vide, procure, and buy, as well in the city of London, as in the counties of 
 Salop and Stafford, in places where it should be most convenient, within liber- 
 ties and without, as much glass as should be necessary for the chapel in his 
 palace at Westminster; and to procure workmen for the said chapel, and 
 carriages to convey the glass. It also recites, that a power was given for 
 arresting, and keeping in prison, all such as should oppose the execution of 
 this mandate, and directs the aforesaid persons to aid and assist the said 
 John. The reason for issuing this writ is said, on the patent roll, at the end 
 of the entry, to be, that Richard Yonge, before appointed for this business, 
 was dead. 
 
 e Vide infra. 1 Vide infra. e p a t. 23 Eclw. Ill, Tart II, m. 13 dorso. 
 
83 
 
 A similar writ was issued in the next year, 1350, bearing date the 3d of 
 March, 11 reciting, that John de Alkeshull had been appointed to procure, in 
 the kingdom of England, by land and by water, in convenient places, whe- 
 ther within liberties or without, except ecclesiastical property, stone, wood, 
 trees, timber, lead, glass, iron, and tiles, and other necessaries, for the king's 
 works in the palace of Westminster, the Tower of London, and the Castle of 
 Windsor, and to provide carriages for the same. 
 
 By another similar writ, dated 28 March, 1350,' it is recited, that John 
 de Lincoln, master for the works in the king's chapel in the palace of West- 
 minster, and John Geddyng, had been appointed jointly and severally, to 
 provide, procure, and buy, in the counties of Surry, Sussex, Kent, Middlesex, 
 Essex, Hertford, Oxford, Berks, Norfolk, Suffolk, Bedford, Bucks, Lincoln, 
 Warwick, Leicester, Southampton, Wilts, Somerset, Dorset, Derby, Stafford, 
 Salop, Hereford, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Cornwall, and Northampton, in 
 the most convenient places, as much glass as should be necessary for the said 
 chapel; and also to provide workmen for the aforesaid chapel, glaziers and 
 others, and carriages for the said glass. 
 
 Another similar writ, dated 20 March, 1351, k recites, that John de 
 Bampton, and John de Geddyng, had been appointed jointly and severally, 
 to procure, provide, and buy, wherever it could be found, as well within 
 liberties as without, as much glass as might be necessary for the king's chapel 
 within the palace of Westminster; and also to procure workmen, glaziers, 
 and others, necessary for the said chapel, and carriages for ihe said glass. 
 Writs for procuring painters, were, in like manner, issued, three of which 
 were dated the 18th of March, 24 Edward III, 1350;' and another on the 
 4th of June, 37 Edward III, A. D. 1363 ; m but these will be more particularly 
 noticed hereafter: and in his 46th year, 1376," one occurs for obtaining, in 
 like manner, carpenters and smiths, but whether for this, or any other build- 
 ing, has not been discovered, though, from the time, this building seems the 
 most probable. Of the artists employed on this occasion, it is not intended, 
 in this place, to give an account; neither will any enquiry be entered upon 
 as to the person who furnished the design for rebuilding the chapel, or 
 superintended its execution; because the former of these is reserved till it 
 
 h Pat. 24 Edward III, Part I, m. 28. 
 k Pat. 25 Edward III, Part I, m. 21. 
 
 m Rymer's Foedera, vol. vi, j>. 4 1 7. 
 
 > Pat. 24 Edward III, Part I, m. <!(), dorso. 
 
 1 Rymer's Fcedera, vol. v, p. 070. 
 ■ Gal. Hoi. Pat. p. 187. 
 
84 
 
 is necessary to speak of the paintings themselves; and the latter, till the 
 building: has been first described. 
 
 O 
 
 It has already been mentioned, that in 1348, the charter of endowment 
 was granted, but it is here requisite to state it more fully, and to notice that 
 it was by letters patent, dated the 20th of August, in that year. In these 
 letters patent, after assigning his motives to the undertaking, which contain 
 nothing particular, or in any way interesting; and speaking, in the words 
 given in the note, of having, at his own expence, completed this chapel of 
 St. Stephen, the king ordains and appoints, that, to the honour of Almighty 
 God, and especially of his most blessed mother Mary, and the said martyr, 
 there should be in it one dean, and twelve secular canons, with as many 
 vicars, and other fit servants; and that they should celebrate for him, his pro- 
 genitors, and successors, for ever, as well nocturnal as diurnal offices, accord- 
 ing to the form of his ordinance, to be more fully declared concerning the 
 same. p This, it is supposed, was afterwards done, and that William Edendon, 
 made bishop of Winchester, in 1346, 20 Edward III, and who was the pre- 
 decessor of William of Wickham, q in that see, drew up the statutes; as, in a 
 list of obits, celebrated in this chapel, is one to be kept on the 6th of Sept. 
 for bishop Edyngton, the founder of their statutes/ 
 
 For the endowment of this his foundation, he then gives to them, and their 
 successors, for ever, in pure and perpetual alms, and exempt from all secular 
 exactions, his great house in Lombard Street, in the City of London, together 
 with the patronage and advowsons of the parish churches of Dewesbury and 
 Wakefield, in the diocese of York, and which he himself had lately pur- 
 chased, in order to bestow them on the dean, canons, and college. 8 To these 
 
 ° ' Capellam quandam speciosam, in pallacio nostro apud Westmonasterium situatam, in honore 
 ' beati Stephani prothomartyris per progenitores nostros nobiliter inchoatam, nostris sumptibus 
 ' regiis fecimus consummari' Carta Regis Edvvardi tertii. Pat. 22. E. Ill, p. 2, m. 3, as printed in 
 Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. iii, Ecclesiae Collegiatae p. 6l. In a subsequent charter, in his 47th 
 year, he uses these words: ' Nos quandam capellam aptaj pulchritudinis infra palacium nostrum 
 ' Westmonasterii construi fecimus opere sumptuoso' Carta Regis Edwardi tertii. Pat. 47. E. Ill, 
 part i, m. 26, as printed in Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. iii, Ecclesias Collegiatae, p. 63. Rymer, 
 who in his Fcedera, vol. v, p. 36l, has inserted the former of these charters, instead of' Capellam 
 ' quandam speciosam,' gives the passage, f Capellam quandam spatiosam.' 
 
 p See the original charter of endowment, dated 6 Aug. 1348, 22 E. Ill, printed at length in 
 Rymer's Fcedera, vol. v, p. 63 1 . 
 
 •» Godwin D. Prajsulibus Anglia?, edit. Richardson, p. 226. r Register Book, Cotton Library. 
 
 5 In the Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291, now published, p. 298, these churches are thus valued. 
 The church of Dewesbury 80/. that of Wakefield 33 A 6s. Sd. 
 
85 
 
 donations he adds his special licence to the dean and canons, for the appro- 
 priation of those churches, and their enjoyment of them, when so appro- 
 priated, notwithstanding the statute of mortmain ; and concludes, with a 
 grant to them, of so much money annually from his Exchequer, as, with the 
 profits of the said house and churches, should afford them a fit and compe- 
 tent maintenance, until he should provide them with an income from lands 
 or rents to the annual amount of five hundred pounds, which he promises 
 faithfully and effectually to perform.' 
 
 It is extraordinary that, in this charter of foundation and endowment, 
 there is no donation to the dean and canons, of the chapel itself, or any spot 
 of ground in its vicinity, on which the necessary buildings for their habita- 
 tions were at that time standing, or might have been afterwards erected. Till 
 1353 no grant for this latter purpose seems to have been made, and even 
 then the site of the chapel was not noticed in it. 
 
 In pursuance of his plan, the said king, by his charter, dated 12 Dec. 
 in the 25th year of his reign, 1351, granted them an annuity of forty marks, 
 which John de Melton, knight, deceased, used, while he lived, to receive, by 
 the king's grant, for the term of his life, out of the profits of the city of York; 
 and nine pounds and fifteen pence, which the citizens aforesaid used to pay 
 into the Exchequer annually, beyond all other payments due from them; 
 which sums were to be paid to the dean and college, and their successors, 
 until they should have been provided by the king, and his successors, with 
 rents and ecclesiastisal possessions to the value of 351. 13 s. K d. per annum." 
 
 On the 20th of Sept. in his 25th year, he, by his charter, gave them the 
 advowson of the church of Bledelowc, in the county of Bucks," valued in 
 the Taxatio Ecclesiastica, p. 33, at 20/.; and, at the instance of the dean 
 and canons themselves, in his 30th, his licence for annexing, re-uniting, and 
 appropriating, a portion of the tvthes of the church of Birton, the advowson 
 of which is, by this licence, said to have been lately given by the king to the 
 said dean and canons/ In his 32d year, he conferred on them, by a charter, 
 dated the 24th of May, a certain tower of his at Bokelesbury, in London, 
 called Sewtcs tour, in pure and perpetual alms:' and by a charter, dated 
 1 January 1353, 27 Edward III, after noticing that, in honour of the virgin 
 
 * See the origi ial charter. Kymer's Fcedera, vol. v. p.G;31, and in the Monasticon Angli- 
 canum, vol. iii, p. 6l. " See it at length, Monasticon Anglic, vol. iii, p. 62. 
 
 x Mon. Anglic, vol. iii, p. 63. y Mod. Anglic, vol. iii, p. <j2. ' Ibid. 
 
86 
 
 Mary and the protomartyr St. Stephen, he had caused to be made, of sump- 
 tuous work, a chapel of adequate beauty, within his palace of Westminster ; 
 and that he had placed in it a dean, and a certain number of canons, secular 
 chaplains, and servants, as is more fully contained in other letters patent 
 granted by him; he gave to them a piece of ground within his palace, to- 
 wards the north, extending in length between the walls of the said chapel, 
 and the chamber of Receipt of his Exchequer, and in breadth from the wall 
 of his great hall of Westminster to the Thames, whereon might be erected a 
 cloister, and other houses, necessary for the said chapel, together with free 
 ingress to the said chapel, and egress from the same, day and night, through 
 the gate by the royal bridge, 3 where the entrance to the said chapel then was, 
 and of which gate they were to have keys. 
 
 He also granted to them that chamber, within the said gate, which had 
 formerly belonged to the clerk of his kitchen; and also those houses, within 
 his aforesaid palace, formerly used as stables for his war horses, and other 
 horses; his garden there, extending in length and breadth between these 
 houses, and a house formerly the earl of Kent's, in the town of Westminster, 
 adjoining the said garden; and also the said house itself, with its appurte- 
 nances, as fully and freely as he himself had them from the gift and grant of 
 John, late earl of Kent. By the same charter he also gave them, in free, 
 pure, and perpetual alms, all those tenements in the said town of West- 
 minster, which had been the property of Roger de Hey tone, his surgeon, 
 lately deceased, and which the heirs of the said Roger had released to him. 
 After this, he granted them licence, that any persons coming from abroad, or, 
 by reason of devotion, to visit this chapel, should have free ingress and egress 
 through his great hall of Westminster, during daylight, without any hindrance 
 or contradiction from any one of his servants of the aforesaid palace ; and 
 that the dean and canons should, for that purpose, have keys to the door of 
 the said hall; and concluded, by exempting them from all aids for knighting 
 the king's eldest son, and from other aids, taxes, and contributions, not ma- 
 terial to be here particularized. 1 " 
 
 To those who know the local situation of the spots of ground and build- 
 ings in the neighbourhood of the present House of Commons, it will be evi- 
 
 1 In a charter of the 2d year of Richard II, printed in Rymer's Fcedera, vol. vi, p. 202, and 
 reciting the grants contained in this, the bridge here mentioned is termed the Queen's Bridge. 
 b See the original at length. Monasticon Anglicanum, vol. iii, p. 62. 
 
87 
 
 dent, that the chamber mentioned as the clerk of the kitchen's, and the houses 
 spoken of as being some of them stables, must, from the description of them 
 above given, have been that range of building which occupied the east side 
 of New Palace Yard, and extended northward up to what is now Bridge 
 Street. The garden joining these houses, and reaching to the earl of Kent's, 
 appears from a composition or agreement, in 1394, between the abbot and 
 convent of Westminster, and the dean and canons of St. Stephen's, and more 
 particularly noticed hereafter, to have been situated where Canon Row now 
 is, and to have included the breadth of the present Bridge Street; and the 
 earl of Kent's house, comprized also in the above grant, is found, from the 
 same authority, to have stood at the north end of Canon Row, or, adjoining 
 what was afterwards a part of the garden or orchard of Whitehall palace; so 
 that the possessions of the dean and canons of St. Stephen's, in and about their 
 own chapel, extended, in a connected line, from the chapel itself up to White- 
 hall, and at that time were all the way, like the chapel itself, and, indeed, a 
 great part of the palace of Westminster, close to the edge of the water; the 
 Speaker's present garden, and the other spots there contiguous to the river, 
 having been, with certainty, discovered to be mere modern embankments. 
 
 On the 10th of Oct. in the 43d year of his reign, he, in like manner, be- 
 stowed on them a house, with the appurtenances, called Le Reole, in his city 
 of London, of the value of 201. per annum, in part satisfaction of the sum 
 of 184/. 14s. yd. which the said dean and college used to receive annually 
 out of the Exchequer, as part of the endowment of the chapel aforesaid/ 
 
 To these must be added, on the authority of a recital in a charter of the 
 2d year of Richard II, printed in Rymer's Fcedera, vol. vii, p. 202, that king- 
 Edward afterwards granted them, though at what time is uncertain, a rent of 
 661. 13 s. Ad. out of some houses within the Woolstaple, Westminster, in 
 part satisfaction of five hundred pounds annually, before granted them. In 
 this last grant is, however, a clause, that if this rent of 66 i. 13s. 4d. should, 
 in part, or wholly cease, or the said dean and canons be in any way deprived 
 of it, the deficiency should be made up by a payment at the Exchequer, 
 from time to time, to the amount of the loss.' 1 
 
 From recitals also in two charters, of the 12th and 21st years of Rich. II, 
 it appears, that the same king Edward conveyed certain manors, lands, tene- 
 ments, and rents, which the king had purchased in Kent, and other counties, 
 
 c Monast. Angl. vol. iii, p. 63, tit. Ecclesix Collegiatae. d Rymer's Fcedera, vol. vii, p. 202. 
 
88 
 
 to John Duke of Lancaster, and others, to be granted by them to the dean 
 and canons of this chapel. 6 The particulars of these will more properly be 
 mentioned in a subsequent page, when an account is given of the charters 
 that contain these recitals. It has, indeed, been said by Newcourt, in his 
 Repertorium, vol. i, p. 745, that king Edward III, settled various manors, 
 lands, &c. on John duke of Lancaster, and others, in trust, by his Will, for 
 the farther endowment of this college, and also of other religious houses of 
 his foundation; but it is evident he has mistaken. The conveyance to John 
 duke of Lancaster, was a separate transaction, and not his Will, as will appear 
 hereafter, when it comes to be more fully stated; and in this king's Will, 
 which has of late years been printed, and bears date the 7th day of Oct. 1376", 
 the only mention of St. Stephen's chapel is in a clause by which he directs 
 and expressly ordains, that his college of his free chapel of St. Stephen, at 
 Westminster, founded by him, should be finished, and in all respects duly 
 completed, according to the plan of the first foundation of the same/ 
 
 Not satisfied, as it seems, with the donations and immunities which he 
 himself intended to bestow on this his new foundation, but desirous of procur- 
 ing for it those privileges and exemptions which it was the custom of that age 
 to think beyond the king's power to grant, king Edward, on first forming the 
 design of rebuilding this chapel, applied to Clement VI, the then pope, and 
 obtained his licence for erecting and endowing this, and also the college at 
 Windsor; by which, as it seems, considerable privileges were conferred on the 
 two intended foundations. After the death of this pope, he appears to have 
 sent Michael, bishop of London, and John de Woderoue, of the order of 
 Predicants, the king's confessor, and other persons, to Rome, to prevail on 
 the succeeding pope to confirm his predecessor's grants ; but this either fail- 
 ing, or the pope delaying to comply, he, in 1356', sent Philip de Codeford, 
 doctor of laws, as a special ambassador for the purpose of soliciting a revival 
 of those privileges, which, by the death of the former pope, are stated to 
 have been lost. The king's letter, on this latter occasion, is extant ; g and 
 though the success of it does not appear, it is probable that the request con- 
 tained in it was granted. 
 
 Great as the king's donations certainly were, it is not to be inferred that 
 he was the sole benefactor. Among the obits, directed to be observed for 
 
 e Mon. Anglic, vol. iii, p. 64, 65. f Royal and Noble Wills, p. 60. 
 
 ' Rymer's Fcedera, vol. v, p. 872. 
 
89 
 
 benefactors, a list of which is given in the before cited manuscript register 
 book of this chapel of St. Stephen, the names of queen Philippa, and prince 
 Edward, namely, Edward the Black Prince, occur ; h and round the chapel 
 itself, on the frieze, under the windows, were the amis of the king, the queen, 
 the younger branches of the royal family, and of very many of the nobility, 
 and others, in commemoration, no doubt, of their having contributed to the 
 expence of its erection and decoration, as it is well known this was the cus- 
 tomary way of recording similar benefactions. Some of them were certainly 
 put up between the years 1355 and 1357, and it is most probable that they 
 were all of them of the time of Edward III. 
 
 According to Stow, Edward III also built, for the use of this chapel, 
 though out of the palace court, at some distance west, in the Little Sanc- 
 tuary, a strong clochard, as he calls it, or bell tower, of stone and timber, 
 covered -with lead, and placed in it three great bells, which were usually rung 
 at coronations, triumphs, funerals of princes, and their obits,' but since taken 
 down, as Newcourt, in his Repertorium, vol. i, p. 746, says. The tower, 
 here mentioned, is described by Widmore, in his History of Westminster 
 Abbey, p. 11, as a stone building in the Sanctuary, and used, in his time, 
 and for more than two hundred years before, as the cellar of a tavern; the 
 side or front of which, by the pulling down of some houses, was, he says, 
 laid open, and carried the appearance of great antiquity. He adds, that by 
 some it had been imagined a chapel, and even older than the present build- 
 ing of Westminster Abbey; that the first time he found it mentioned, was in 
 a charter of king Edward I, dated Dec. 3, in the ninth year of that prince, 
 or 1290; that it was then called the belfry; and continued to be used as such, 
 or, at least, to go by that name, till the present towers of Westminster Abbey 
 were built by abbot Islip." These, it must be remembered were, by him, 
 carried up no further, in one instance, than to the top of the roof, and in the 
 other, not quite so high, as may be seen in the View of St. James's Park, 
 looking towards Whitehall, before inserted; and from Sir Christopher Wren's 
 design they were completed. 
 
 Strype, from the circumstance of finding in a record the mention of a 
 church of the Holy Innocents, which appears to have stood in or near the 
 street of Westminster, 1 supposes this building to have been it, but the church 
 
 h Vide infra. 1 Stow, 1C18, p. 892.— Ifi3:3, p. 52:3. k Widmore, p. 12. 
 
 1 Strype, book vi, p. 4(i. 
 N 
 
90 
 
 of the Holy Innocents was in the Strand," which, as leading from London to 
 Westminster, might be called Westminster Street, with as great propriety as 
 a street, near Bloomsbury, still bears the name of Theobalds Road, because 
 it was the way from Whitehall, or St. James's, to Theobalds, in Hertford- 
 shire, when James I had a palace there. 
 
 Of this building, which had been in the year 1750 taken down to the 
 level of the pavement, for the erection of the market, till very lately standing 
 on the spot, Dr. Stukeley has given an account, which, with two plates of the 
 building itself, is inserted in the first volume of the Archaeologia, p. 39- What 
 of its foundations were left remaining, when the market was erected, have, 
 about two years since, been cleared away, for the purpose of building a 
 new Guildhall there; but it is most evident, from Widmore's account, that it 
 was the belfry to Westminster Abbey, and never belonged to St. Stephen's 
 chapel. And, indeed, if Stow had been sufficiently acquainted with the 
 spot, he would never have formed so absurd a conjecture, as that the belfry 
 could have been at such a distance from the chapel to which it belonged, 
 more especially, as it will be found hereafter, that a building was in his time, 
 and till very lately, wholly remaining, and is still in part existing, close to St. 
 Stephen's chapel, which would exactly answer the description. 
 
 Newcourt has related, on the authority of the patent roll of the 30th of 
 Edward III, p. 1, that near this chapel of St. Stephen, was a chapel which 
 the treasurer of the Exchequer, by virtue of that office, always had in his 
 collation; but upon erecting of this new collegiate chapel, the dean and 
 canons, he says, on the resignation of Thomas Stapleton, or Stapleford, the 
 then chaplain of it, obtained, by virtue of the king's licence, to have it an- 
 nexed to their college, in compensation of which, the said Thomas was made 
 one of the canons of this college, and the king, Edward III, Aug. 3, 1356, 
 granted to William, bishop of Winton, the then treasurer, that he, and all 
 others that should succeed him in that office, should have one prebend in 
 this new collegiate chapel of St. Stephen, namely, that which Thomas de 
 Stapleford aforesaid had, in lieu of the old chapel, and should collate to it as 
 often as it became void." 
 
 Very few particulars of the subsequent history of this chapel appear to 
 be generally known. Newcourt's list of the deans and canons stops in the 
 reign of Edward III, to which he only adds the name of one dean, without 
 
 Stow, 1G1S, p. 829-— 1633, p. 489. n Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. i. p. 750. 
 
91 
 
 a date, William Smyth, but who elsewhere appears to have been afterwards 
 bishop of Lichfield and Coventry in 1492, 1493, or 1494, p and of John 
 Chambers, the last. It is however evident that the chapel and other build- 
 ings were proceeding, without intermission, during all the rest of Edward the 
 third's reign; that in his 24th year, 1350, and in his 37th, 1363, as has been 
 mentioned before, he issued precepts for procuring painters for the chapel, as 
 will be noticed more at large hereafter; and in his 46th year, 1372, as already 
 noticed, he gave similar orders for collecting carpenters and smiths, most pro- 
 bably for the same purpose, though the place for which they were wanted is 
 not mentioned. A chapter-house had also been erected on the south side of 
 St. Stephen's chapel, which, in 1394, is spoken of as intended to be removed 
 to another spot, q undoubtedly, from its description, the cite of that court in 
 which the speaker's house is now situated, and that of the house itself; but 
 whether this chapter-house had been an erection of Edward's, or was the old 
 one built by king Stephen, is not clear. Mention has also before been made, 
 of a tower, described by Stow, as erected by Edward III, in the Little Sanc- 
 tuary, for the purpose of a bell tower for this chapel ; and it has been shewn, 
 that the building in the Sanctuary was the bell tower of Westminster Abbey, 
 and, consequently, that it never belonged to St. Stephen's chapel. But be- 
 sides this, it is to be observed, that in the north west corner of the front of the 
 Speaker's house, is still remainingastone tower, about twenty-four feet by seven- 
 teen feet two inches square, joining that, and on the east side of Westminster 
 Hall; and that it is evidently of the style of architecture of that time, and was, 
 apparently, used for some such purpose as a bell tower/ It was, till lately, 
 twenty feet higher than at present, but has, in the late repairs and the altera- 
 tions now going on there, been, in part only, pulled down, so as to range in 
 height with the side wall of Westminster Hall. From its situation, almost 
 close to the chapel, its joining, 'as it did, the cloister, its form, apparent age, 
 and the use to which it bears marks of having been applied, there can be no 
 
 ° Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. i, p. 821. p Vide infra. 
 
 ^ See a composition between the abbot and convent of Westminster and the dean and cations 
 of St. Stephen's chapel, the substance of which will be given in a subsequent page. 
 
 r In the original accounts, extracts from which will be given hereafter, mention is made of 
 this bell tower as existing in this situation. When Richard II carried up the walls of Westmin- 
 ster Hall higher, the walls of this bell tower were also heightened in a similar manner; the cx- 
 pences of which occur in records of the 18th of Richard II, still remaining, and will he inserted 
 in a subsequent page. 
 
doubt of its having been the bell tower of St. Stephen's; and, indeed, in the 
 records mentioned in a former note, it is expressly styled a bell tower. A 
 north east, a south east, and an inside view of this bell tower, have all been 
 already inserted, in the same plate with two views of the Painted Chamber. 
 In the south cast view, which was fortunately taken before the workmen had 
 begun to pull down any part of it, the whole upper part of this tower, as it 
 appeared above the cloister, is seen. In the north east, the workmen are 
 represented as they were employed at the time when the drawing was made, 
 in the act of taking the upper part clown; and, in the inside view, the tower 
 is shewn as it was and is now reduced to the height of the wall of West- 
 minster Hall. Its external appearance, since its reduction, is sufficiently 
 ascertained by the east view of Westminster Hall, in the same plate, where 
 its connexion with that building may easily be traced. These two latter 
 views deserve also particular attention in another respect, as exhibiting repre- 
 sentations of a flat buttress, used in the erection of Westminster Hall ; a con- 
 trivance which produced, as will be shewn in a subsequent page, a very 
 important change in the practice of architecture. A stone belt, or mould- 
 ing, continued on both of the side walls of Westminster Hall, is also observ- 
 able in the inside view of the tower, and over that view a piece of the belt, 
 on a larger scale, is given. 
 
 All the benefactions of king Edward III above noticed, were evidently 
 intended for the endowment and support of this chapel, after the building 
 itself, and the other necessary erections belonging to it, or meant for its use, 
 and the residence of its members, should have been completely finished. The 
 sums produced from them do not therefore, in any instance, appear to have 
 been applied to the erection or decoration of the chapel, or any edifice con- 
 nected with it; but the expence of these seems to have been defrayed by that 
 king himself, so long as he lived, and by his executors after his death, out of 
 his effects, in addition to what he had by his charters, at different times, con- 
 ferred on the foundation. 
 
 In the 50th year of Edward III, viz. 1376, it should seem that great mis- 
 management had taken place among the persons belonging to this college of 
 St. Stephen; for, in that year, a writ was issued by the king, directed to W. 
 bishop of Winchester, 9 undoubtedly W illiam of Wickham, to visit this chapek 
 It recites, that the king was given to understand, that in the free chapel, 
 
 ' Pat. 50 Edw. Ill, Part I, m. 3, dorso. 
 
93 
 
 which was of the king's own foundation and patronage, many defects were 
 existing, as well in the houses and other edifices, as in the books, vestments, 
 and other ornaments of that chapel, and the members of the same, by the 
 carelessness and negligence of the dean and ministers of the same chapel; 
 that the due number of chaplains which ought to be found in the said 
 chapel, and its members, had been diminished ; and that several lands, tene- 
 ments, goods, and chattels, bestowed on that chapel for pious uses, had been 
 by the said dean and ministers wasted and destroyed. It therefore appointed 
 the said bishop to visit the said chapel, and its members, and to enquire by 
 the oaths of good and lawful men, of the county of Middlesex, into the 
 several matters aforesaid : it gave him power to correct any abuses he 
 should find, to punish the delinquents according to their demerits, and to 
 do and perforin all other things relating to the visitation of the said chapel, 
 and the correction and reformation of the aforesaid abuses. All this it 
 required him to do, and to certify to the king, in his Chancery, an account 
 of his transactions; and for the purposes of the aforesaid enquiry, the king 
 notices, he had directed the sheriff of Middlesex to summon a jury to come 
 before the said bishop at the chapel aforesaid, on such certain days as he the 
 bishop should appoint. 
 
 For what reason does not appear, a similar writ was, in the month of 
 November following, issued by the king, dated the 12th of November,' and 
 directed to Robert, archbishop of Dublin, Henry, bishop of Worcester, Ro- 
 bert Bealknap, Master Walter Skirlawe, doctor of laws, and Nicholas do 
 Drayton, licentiate. It is nearly in the same words as the preceding, but 
 recites, in addition to the facts there stated, that the rights due to the chap- 
 lains in the chapel had been withheld ; that dissensions, disputes, and 
 suits at law, had arisen among the ministers of the chapel; and that John 
 Knyvet, the king's chancellor, to whom the visitation of that chapel, and the 
 king's other free chapels, belonged, by virtue of his office, was engaged in 
 several arduous and urgent businesses, so that he could not then personally 
 visit the said chapel. The said persons, any four, three, or two of them, of 
 whom either the said archbishop or bishop was to be one, were therefore ap- 
 pointed to visit the chapel, make the enquiry, and punish the offenders in 
 the manner before directed in the former writ; the right of deprivation of any 
 person of the said chapel, (if any such step should be necessary) being reserved, 
 to the king only. 
 
 * Pat. 50 Edvv. Ill, p. C; m. 25, dorso. 
 
94 
 
 In consequence of this, the said Robert, archbishop of Dublin, and Henry, 
 bishop of Worcester, on the 23d day of April, 1377, personally visited the 
 said chapel ; and having called before them the said dean and canons, vicars, 
 and the other ministers of the said chapel, who ought to be present at this 
 visitation, and who appeared accordingly, proceeded to make the enquiry 
 directed; and certified the result to Adam, bishop of St. David's, the then 
 chancellor, who certified the same under seal to the king. The particulars 
 are too long, and not sufficiently material, to be here stated; but their visita- 
 tion, or, in other words, their certificate of their proceedings was confirmed 
 by patent, 20 Oct. 1377- u 
 
 Early in the reign of Richard II, some part of the property granted 
 by king Edward, appears to have been greatly reduced in value, in which 
 case the dean and canons were, in consequence of a clause in one of his 
 charters," entitled to an allowance equal to their loss out of the Exche- 
 quer: they therefore, in the second year of Richard II, 1378, applied to the 
 king, who, for their relief, issued a precept, directed to the treasurer and 
 barons of the Exchequer, and to his chamberlains. In this he notices, that 
 Edward III, his grandfather, had, by his letters patent, granted to the dean 
 and canons of the chapel of St. Stephen, that chamber within the gate, near 
 the queen's bridge, where is now, says this precept, the entrance to the said 
 chapel, which formerly belonged to his said grandfather's clerk of the kitchen; 
 and also those houses within the palace aforesaid, formerly used by his said 
 grandfather as stables for his war horses, and other horses ; and the garden 
 there, as it extends in length and breadth between the aforesaid houses, and 
 the house, formerly the earl of Kent's, in the village of Westminster, adjoining 
 the said garden ; and also the aforesaid house, with its appurtenances, as fully 
 and entirely as his grandfather had the same from the gift and grant of John, 
 late earl of Kent: and also all those tenements in the said village of West- 
 minster, formerly the property of Roger de Hey ton, surgeon, and which the 
 heirs of the said Roger had released for ever to his said grandfather, and his 
 heirs, in pure and perpetual alms. 
 
 By the same precept it is said, that afterwards his said grandfather, by 
 oilier letters patent, had granted to the said dean and canons a rent of 
 661. 13 s. Ad. issuing out of certain houses within the staple of Westminster, 
 in part satisfaction of 500/. in lands and annual rents before granted them by 
 
 u Put. 1 Rich. II, Part II, m. 34. 
 
 x Vide supra. 
 
95 
 
 his said grandfather, upon condition, however, that if the aforesaid yearly rent 
 of 661. 13 s. 4d. should, in part, or wholly cease; or if the said dean and canons 
 should be deprived of it, then that they and their successors should receive the 
 said sum yearly out of the Exchequer. It is then stated that these grants had 
 been confirmed by the then king, but that the dean and canons had applied 
 to him, suggesting, that the aforesaid annual rent had, by the removal of the 
 staple, in great part, ceased ; and the said treasurer and barons are therefore 
 commanded, by inquisition to be taken before them, or in any other lawful 
 manner, to enquire into the fact, the king declaring it his intention that the 
 chamber, houses, garden, and house aforesaid, so granted to the said dean 
 and canons, in pure and perpetual alms as aforesaid, should not be burthened 
 in any way with the said annual rent of 661. 13 s. 4d. y 
 
 Pursuant to this command, an inquisition was taken on the morrow 
 of St. Valentine, i. e. 15 Feb. in the same second year of Richard II, and on 
 this inquisition it was found that there was a loss in the aforesaid rent, from 
 Michaelmas 49 Edward III, 1376, to Michaelmas following, of 59/. 14s. 3d. 
 oh. from Michaelmas 50 Edward III, 1377, to Michaelmas following, viz. 
 1 Richard II, of 60/. Os. 6d. oh. from Michaelmas, 1 Richard II, 1377, to 
 Michaelmas following, of 58/. 4s. 3c?. and that this loss was occasioned by 
 the removal of the staple, by means of which the houses in the staple afore- 
 said, had, for the greatest part of the time aforesaid, stood empty. This in- 
 quisition therefore stated the total loss to amount to 177/. 19s. 1^/. which 
 sum the said dean and canons were consequently entitled to receive out of 
 the Exchequer : and this sum, it appears, from a record dated 19 April, in 
 the same year, they did actually receive accordingly. 2 It has been the more 
 necessary to be thus particular in stating the contents of this precept, and 
 the inquisition taken in consequence of it, because the former affords some 
 useful particulars as to the spot, which is one object of the present enquiry; 
 and the latter ascertains, from unquestionable authority, what effect was pro- 
 duced by the removal of the staple from Westminster. 
 
 By charter, bearing date the second day of October, in the twelfth year 
 of his reign, obtained, as it notices, on application made by the dean and 
 canons of the college of St. Stephen, within the palace of Westminster, on 
 the third of August preceding; Richard II regranted them some estates of 
 
 y An. 2 R. II. See it at length. Ryiner's Fcedera, vol. vii, p. C02. 
 
 z See an endorsement on the Roll of 2 11. II, inserted at length. Ryiner's Feeders, vol. vii, 
 p. 202. 
 
96 
 
 which they had been dispossessed. The essential particulars of these will be 
 mentioned hereafter, but the charter also furnishes some facts, which it will 
 be first necessary to state. 
 
 It recites, that Edward III, his grandfather, had founded the college of 
 St. Stephen, before mentioned, for a dean, twelve canons, thirteen vicars, and 
 other officers, who were to celebrate divine service every day, for the souls 
 of his progenitors, and successors, forever; and that by his letters patent, which 
 had afterwards been confirmed by the letters patent of Richard himself, he 
 had, for their support and maintenance, granted them 510/. per annum for 
 ever, to be received from his grandfather himself, and his successors, until he 
 or his heirs should have provided them with lands, tenements, or other im- 
 movable goods, to the annual value of that sum. 
 
 Next it proceeds to slate, that subsequent to this grant his grandfather 
 had, by his letters patent, given and granted to the then king's uncle John, 
 king of Castile, and Leon, duke of Lancaster, and to other persons, 3 certain 
 manors, lands, tenements, and rents, which his said grandfather had pur- 
 chased, in the county of Kent, and other counties, for the purpose of endow- 
 ing the said dean and canons, and certain religious men of the same foun- 
 dation, with manors, lands, tenements, and rents, of this kind ; and that his said 
 uncle, and the other trustees, being desirous of fulfilling the last Will of his 
 grandfather, or being charged in his Will to do so, b had, in writing, conveyed 
 to the said dean and canons, the manors of Asthalesford, Barton, Bucwell, 
 Esling, Meere, Langele near Leeds, Elham, and Colbrugge, and a parcel of 
 meadow ground in Conesford, in the county aforesaid, together with the live 
 and dead stock. To be held by them, and their successors, under a certain 
 
 a In a subsequent charter of Richard II, made in his 2Jst year, and printed in Dugdale's Mo- 
 nasticon Anglic, vol. iii, p. Go, the recitals are nearly to the same effect with those in this charter; 
 but there is sometimes some small difference, which will, from time to time, be pointed out in 
 notes on this. For instance, in the recital of these letters patent in the charter of 21 Rich. II, 
 the names of the trustees are given, and they are, the duke of Aquitain and Lancaster, Simon, 
 archbishop of Canterbury, John, bishop of Lincoln, Henry, bishop of Worcester, William, lord 
 Latymer, John Knevel, then chancellor, Robert de Ashetone, treasurer, Roger de Beauchamp, 
 chamberlain, John de Ipres, seneschal of the king's house, and Nicholas Carew, keeper of the 
 privy seal. 
 
 b It is said, in the charter of 21 Rich. II, that long after this conveyance, Edward III, in his 
 Will, ordered that the said college of St. Stephen, and the other religious houses he had founded, 
 should be endowed with these manors, lands, tenements, rents, and reversions, to be held by them 
 separately for ever. The exact substance of that part of the Will, ta it stands in print, has been 
 given in a former page. 
 
97 
 
 condition, for forty years, to the intent that the manors and parcels aforesaid* 
 together with the reversion of the manor of Wynchesfeld, with its appur- 
 tenances, in the county of Southampton, might, after the death of Robert de 
 Kymberle, who then held it for his life, be given and assigned, within the. 
 term aforesaid, to the said college in mortmain for ever.' 
 
 Under pretence, as this charter terms it, of this grant, the dean and 
 canons obtained, and for a length of time held peaceable possession of the 
 aforesaid manors of Ashalesford, Barton, Bucwell, Eslyng, Mcere, Langele, 
 Elham, Colbrugge, and the parcel of meadow ground aforesaid, until the 
 then king Richard having, at the suggestion of Simon de Burley, knight, 
 granted them, by letters patent, to him, the dean and canons were unjustly 
 dispossessed of them ; but these estates having again come into the king's 
 hands, as forfeitures, by reason of the judgment in the last parliament, held 
 at Westminster, 11 against the said Simon ; the king, desirous that they should 
 be restored to the dean and canons, had, with the advice and consent of his 
 council, granted to the dean and canons all the rents and profits of them, 
 then in the hands of all bailiffs, farmers, receivers, occupiers, or stewards, 
 from the day of the forfeiture by the said Simon himself. He also granted 
 them the future profits of the same, to be received and enjoyed by them, 
 until out of the manors and parcel aforesaid, or out of other possessions, it 
 should be by himself and his council otherwise ordered and provided, for 
 their sufficient endowment. Besides this, he says, he had given them all the 
 houses and buildings of the manors aforesaid, for the purpose of keeping and 
 housing their goods, chattels, and profits, issue, and produce, aforesaid, on 
 condition that they should keep them in due and necessary repair ; and for 
 these several grants he refers, in general, to his letters patent, from time to 
 time granted, but without specifying the dates. 
 
 c The estates in tlie recital of this grant, in die charter of 21 Richard II, are described as being 
 the manors of Ashhatisford, with Bartonc, Bucwelle, Eselingge, Mecre, Langlee, near Ledcs, 
 with the advowsons of the churches and the appurtenances, and a parcel of meadow land in 
 Eynesford, in the said county of Kent, together with the live and dead stock; and the reversions 
 of the manors of Elham and Collebrigge, with the appurtenances, in the said county of Kent, 
 which William Stretc, lately dead when the charter of Richard It was granted, held for his jife ; 
 and also the reversion of the manor of Wynchefeld, with the appurtenances, in the county of 
 Southampton, which John Kymbcrley then held for his life. 
 
 11 The charter of 21 Rich. II says it was held in the eleventh year of his reign, and that the 
 said manors, lands, tenements, and rents, with the appurtenances, had been valued by the king's 
 escheator in Kent, at 1 1 1 pounds. 
 
 () 
 
08 
 
 After stating these facts, and noticing that in the then present parliament 
 lie had confirmed the before mentioned grants and that by the trustees, he, 
 by the advice and consent of his parliament/ commits to John de Sleford, 
 parson of the church of Balsham, John de Appulton, and Thomas de Okes- 
 lede, chaplains, John Dars, chaplain, and Richard Birt, chaplain, the custody 
 of the said manors and parcel aforesaid, excepting the houses and buildings 
 before granted to the dean and canons, with their appurtenances, for thirty 
 years, paying only a rose on the feast of the nativity of St. John the Baptist, 
 reserving to the dean and canons, and their successors, all the profits and 
 advantages arising from them/ 
 
 The same king also, in his twenty-first year, by letters patent, reciting the 
 foregoing facts, but varied in the manner already pointed out in the notes, 
 on the preceding charter, gave and granted, as far as in him lay, to the dean 
 and canons, for the completion of the last Will of his grandfather, king 
 Edward III, the said estates, to be held by them and their successors for 
 ever; and by the same letters patent he grants his licence to the duke of 
 Lancaster, and the bishop of Lincoln, the other trustees being then dead, to 
 enable them to grant, that the manor of Wynchefeld, with the advowson of 
 the church of the same manor, then held by John Kymberley, for his life, 
 and which, after his death, would revert to the said duke and the bishop of 
 Lincoln, the other trustees being dead, should remain to the said dean and 
 canons; to be held, together with the other estates before mentioned, by them, 
 and their successors, for ever, in order to the celebration of divine offices 
 within the said chapel, for his health and prosperity while he should live, 
 and for his soul when he should die, and for the souls of his grandfather and 
 his other progenitors, his heirs and successors, for ever, in part of their main- 
 tenance and support, and in exoneration of himself and his heirs, to the 
 extent of the aforesaid 510 pounds for ever. g 
 
 This circuitous mode of conveyance to trustees to enable them to convey 
 afterwards, instead of granting the estates at once to the dean and canons, 
 was, it is supposed, a technical contrivance of the lawyers of the time, to 
 evade the statutes of mortmain, as they are called ; and because the opera- 
 tion of these statutes was very general, and is so intimately connected with 
 
 e In the charter of 21 Rich. II this charter of the 12th is said to have heen made at the request 
 of the dean and canons of St. Stephen's. 
 
 ' Pat. 12 Rich. II, Part I, ra. 1, printed at length in Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum, 
 vol. Hi, p. 64, &c. « Dugdale's Monast. Anglic, vol. iii, p. 05, 8cc. 
 
99 
 
 the history of all ecclesiastical foundations in this country, that no one 
 addicted to the study of antiquity ought to be unacquainted with it, though 
 few, but professional persons, are supposed sufficiently to understand it, a 
 brief explanation has been thought necessary. Mortmain, a term signifying 
 a dead hand, is applied to gifts of lands and estates to religious foundations; 
 and the reason for it is, that the landlords, lords of manors, for instance, in such 
 a case, had nothing from those to whom they were given, no more than from 
 a dead hand, but they lost their escheats, and fines, and fees, on the death of 
 their tenants, and many services which were due to them. By the statute of 
 Magna Charta, 9 Hen. Ill, it was made unlawful for any person to give his 
 land to a religious house; and by the 7th of Edward I, it was enacted, that 
 no person, religious or other, should buy or sell any lands, or receive the 
 same, or by any craft appropriate them, whereby such lands might come 
 into mortmain, under pain of forfeiture of the same ; but as this extended 
 only to conveyances, or actual grants, between these persons and others, this 
 statute was evaded, by some of the parties pretending a title to the land, and 
 bringing an action against the tenant to recover it, to which, by private agree- 
 ment with them, he was to make no defence, nor question their title, but 
 suffer them to recover the land for want of opposition. To prevent this, an 
 act of Parliament was passed, 13 Edward I, requiring the jury to enquire 
 whether the claimant had a legal title; but to evade this, conveyances w r ere 
 made to trustees for the use of religious foundations, by means of which the 
 members of those foundations received the profits, till by 15 Richard II, 
 chap. 5, it was enacted, that no conveyance of lands or estates, to the use of 
 any spiritual person, should be made without licence of the king, and of the 
 lords, &c. upon pain of forfeiture. h Notwithstanding these statutes, however, 
 the king had the power to remit the forfeiture so far as it related to his own 
 right, by granting a licence of mortmain ; and this prerogative is declared and 
 confirmed by the statute of Edward III, stat. 3, cap. 3.' It is unnecessary 
 for the present purpose to notice subsequent statutes, but sufficient to remark, 
 that in the present instance, it seems there had been proceedings at law to 
 substantiate these transactions, as the charter of 12 Richard II, refers to the 
 proceedings in the Court of Common Bench, or Common Pleas, at Westmin- 
 ster,* which, probably, might be requisite, because some other persons, bc« 
 
 h Wood's Institute, p. 301, 302. ' Blackstone's Commentaries, vol. ii, p. 272. 
 
 k Monasticon, Anglic, vol.iii, p. <ii. 
 
100 
 
 sides the king, might have some interest in the estates; but as to the grants of 
 Edward III, the king there being complete owner, his grant was, in fact, a 
 licence, and needed nothing further. 
 
 Some time in the latter end of king Edward's, or the beginning of king 
 Richard's reign, a contest arose between the abbot and convent of West- 
 minster and the dean and canons of this chapel, relating to jurisdiction. In 
 what year it commenced has not been ascertained, but as it is said to have 
 happened when Nicholas Litlington was abbot of Westminster, it must have 
 been after the month of April, 1362, when he was elected; 1 but before July, 
 1377, when William de Colchester, afterwards abbot there, was appointed by 
 the convent of Westminster to manage the claim on their behalf." 1 The 
 ground on which the convent rested their title, was the circumstance of this 
 foundation existing within the parish of St. Margaret, over the whole of which 
 parish they claimed a similar right, but the claim was, in this instance, stoutly 
 resisted, and the cause, most probably, by way of appeal, was carried to 
 Rome." William de Colchester was, as has been said, appointed by the con- 
 vent of Westminster, their agent to conduct it for them, which he appears 
 to have done from July, 1377, till November, 1379 ; and the papal court is 
 reported to have given sentence for the abbey, and to have declared St. 
 Stephen's chapel, equally with the other chapels within the parish of St. Mar- 
 garet, subject to its jurisdiction. In this decision, the members of the foun- 
 dation of St. Stephen's chapel did not acquiesce; and the king and nobility 
 being of opinion in favour of these latter persons, the suit was continued, till, 
 at length, in 1394, the king, and some other persons of weight and authority 
 interposing, a compromise was brought about between the contending par- 
 ties, by which it was agreed, that the chapel of St. Stephen ; the chapel of St. 
 Mary under it; a little chapel on the south side, then used as a chapter- 
 house; and the chapel de la Pewe, should be exempt from the parish, and 
 the abbey; the college paying yearly five marks to the abbey, and the right 
 to institute and install the deans being reserved to the abbot. p 
 
 Although it has not been precisely ascertained what progress in the erection 
 of buildings for the different members of this foundation had been made 
 at the death of Edward III; it yet appears, from this instrument, which 
 bears date in 1394, that by that time their number was considerable, and as 
 
 1 Witlmore's History of Westin. Abbey, p. 103. 
 Ibid. p. 108. 
 
 m Ibid. n Ibid. p. 108. 
 
 p Widmore, p. 103. 
 
101 
 
 it points out so particularly the state of that part which lay round the chapel, 
 ascertaining the extent not only by the abutments and boundaries, but also 
 by the actual measurement of the contents, and furnishes some other cir- 
 cumstances respecting the position of the buildings, and the alterations then 
 intended, it has been judged proper here to insert, in the nature of an abridg- 
 ment, such particulars as related to either of those subjects. 
 
 This instrument, which has already been said to bear date the 10th day 
 of August, 1394, speaks of the chapel of St. Stephen, the chapel of St. Mary, 
 in the vaults directly under St. Stephen's chapel, with their vestibules above 
 and below, then already erected, a small chapel contiguous to the chapel of 
 St. Stephen, on the south, then called the Chapter-house, and the chapel of 
 La Pewe, as they were then erected. It also mentions a cloister and chap- 
 ter-house as intended to be erected anew on a certain piece of ground lying 
 between the chapel of St. Stephen on the one part, and a certain house, then 
 le Resseit, q on the other; which piece of ground is there said to contain two 
 hundred and eighty feet ten inches and an half in length, from the chapel of St. 
 Stephen to the house called le Resseyt, on the north; and ninety-five feet and 
 an half and two inches in breadth, from the east wall of the king's great hall, 
 to the outer part of the eastern wall of the new houses of the vicars of the 
 said college, towards the Thames, including also the breadth of the said 
 houses for the vicars/ 
 
 Mention is also made in it of habitations and buildings then erected 
 as being actually occupied by thirty-eight persons, serving God in the 
 chapel of St. Stephen, namely, a dean, twelve canons secular, thirteen 
 vicars, four clerks, six choristers, two servitors, namely, a verger and a keeper 
 of the chapel of la Pew, within the palace, which, like the rest, are de- 
 clared exempt from the jurisdiction of the abbot of Westminster, until those 
 buildings intended shall have been erected, on a certain piece of ground, 
 lying between the long stone wall of the king's palace, extending in length 
 from the Thames to a gate near the house of the staple, called the WVy- 
 house, westward, and the outer, or north part of a house or close, formerly 
 
 •> i.e. The Receipt Offices of the Exchequer. 
 r This is evidently the court in which the Speaker's house stands, together with the spot on 
 which are the cloisters, now part of his house ; because the ground which they occupy extends 
 from the House of Commons up to the Receipt Offices of the Exchequer, which run in a conti- 
 nued line from the east side of Westminster Hall, over the gateways from New Palace Yafd into 
 the Speaker's Court, formerly called it. Stephen's Court. 
 
102 
 
 the earl of Kent's, on the other part; and which house or close must therefore 
 have been included in, and part of the piece of ground here described. 5 
 
 From this instrument, it is further to be collected, that New Palace Yard 
 was on its north side enclosed by a wall, which had in it a gate, leading by 
 the front of the Weigh-house;' that beyond that wall, towards the north, was 
 a lane running east and west from the Wool-bridge, on the edge of the 
 Thames, to the Weigh-house ; u and that on the north side of this lane were 
 six houses belonging to the king. A stone wall, on the edge of the Thames, 
 ran northward from this lane nearly up to a house called Almayne, described 
 as then the property of the abbot and convent of Westminster, but, un- 
 doubtedly, what was afterwards known by the appellation of the Rhenish 
 Wine House, and the Rhenish Wine Yard ; * and between this house called Al- 
 mayne, and the further or northern extremity of the house or close before 
 described, as formerly belonging to the earl of Kent, but which appears to 
 have been a part of, and included in the piece of ground itself, ran a ditch, 
 entering, probably, from the Thames. It should seem that this ditch was 
 not only the northern boundary, but ran along also on the west side, as a 
 stone wall, by which the west side was enclosed, and the direction in which 
 it stood, must therefore have been from north to south, or nearly so, is de- 
 scribed as being ' juxta fossam.' y This wall had in it an entrance, probably, 
 towards Palace Yard, and another new gate leading into, and opening towards 
 the king's highway, and street, or, in other words, King's Street, along St. 
 Stephen's Alley, and is described, in another place, as abutting on a tenement 
 called Le Gynes, belonging to the said abbot and convent. 2 
 
 'The ground here described is that on which the present Canon Row was afterwards built. 
 * Nearly opposite the end of the present St. Margaret's Street. 
 ° This lane is now converted into Bridge Street. 
 
 x ' The Rhenish Wine Yard, an ordinary place, so called from the Rhenish wine house, at the 
 ' upper end, seated in Channel Row.' Strype's Stow, book vi, p. 63. Hatton says, the Rhenish 
 Wine Yard was on the east side of King Street, near the gate at the north end of King Street; 
 for so it appears, from p. 1 1 of the Introduction to his work, he means, when he calls it the gate 
 leading to the Cockpit. His words are ' Rhenish Wine Yard, on the east side of King Street, 
 Westminster; the third from the gate leading to the Cockpit.' New View of London, p. 69. 
 
 y It has been hinted before, that this ditch was the probable north boundary of Thorney 
 Island, or Westminster, originally; and that Maitland was mistaken in placing the cut from the 
 Thames, near Manchester Buildings, as he has done. 
 
 z Guisnes is a kind of little, sweet, and long cherries ; termed so, because at first they came out 
 of Cayenne; also any kind of cherries. Cotgiave's Diet. Probably, therefore, this was a public 
 house distinguished by the sign of the Cherry Tree, or, at least, some house which had such a 
 tree in the garden behind it. 
 
103 
 
 "Within these boundaries, the ground is described in this instrument, as 
 divided or parcelled out into thirteen portions, on which houses for the dean 
 and canons were then, it says, intended to be built; by which means would 
 be formed a range of building extending from south to north ; and these por- 
 tions, from the same instrument, appear to have been allotted to the follow- 
 ing persons. The first, beginning from the south, to William Hanney; the 
 second to Thomas Midilton; the third to Ralph Kesteven; the fourth to Ni- 
 cholas Saresbury; the fifth to William Gaynesburgh ; and the sixth to William 
 Galaundre; all of them canons of this foundation; the seventh to William 
 Sleford the dean; the eighth to John Henley; the ninth to Giles Wenlok; the 
 tenth to William Wynterton ; the eleventh to John Wenlyngburgh; the twelfth 
 to Robert Foulmere ; and the thirteenth to William Beverle ; all canons of this 
 endowment, but most of them unnoticed by Newcourt. 
 
 Of this piece of ground the before mentioned boundary wall on the west 
 is described as being not strait, but turning in several directions so as to 
 create a considerable variation of breadth at different places. Measuring it 
 from east to west, at its south end, close on the north side of the stone wall 
 by which New Palace Yard was on the north enclosed, and which would be 
 the south side of the lane leading from the Wool-bridge to the Weigh-housc; 
 its breadth was three hundred and forty-six feet, and the same on the north 
 side of that lane; but from the first canon's allotment of ground to the oppo- 
 site wall, it was but two hundred and nine feet. From the seventh piece of 
 allotted ground, cross to the opposite Avail, it measured one hundred and 
 seventy-five feet; at the tenth its breadth was two hundred and six feet; and 
 at the thirteenth one hundred and fifty-seven feet: and its length, from 
 north to south, including the breadth of the lane before mentioned, was five 
 hundred and sixty-seven feet. 
 
 The thirteen houses standing, or intended to be erected on this piece of 
 ground, are, in another part, further described, as situate between the long- 
 stone wall on the edge of the Thames to the east, and another long stone 
 wall lately built, opposite the doors or entrances of the said thirteen houses, 
 on the west. In another part, the six houses before-mentioned as belonging 
 to the king, are again spoken of, together with the ground or soil on which 
 they stand; which ground, or soil, is said to measure from the east, at the 
 stone wall on the edge of the Thames, to the west, along the way which 
 leads from the house of the Staple to the Woolbridge, one hundred and 
 seventy-one feet in length, towards the Avest, and in breadth twenty-seven 
 
104 
 
 feet. The way leading from the Weigh-house to the Woolbridge, z is there 
 also said to contain in length, from the bridge to the same house, three hun- 
 dred and sixty-six feet toward the west; and mention is again made of the 
 clock tower, a with other houses and chambers adjoining the west side of that 
 tower, then occupied by John Lincoln, the keeper of the clock there; and 
 which houses, chambers, and tower, are stated to be the property of the king. 
 Another general clause speaks of the habitations of the dean and canons, as 
 situate between the long stone wall passing hy the tower in which hangs the 
 clock, and the outer or north part of the house or close, formerly the earl of 
 Kent's; 5 in addition to which, it notices the kitchen of the said vicars, newly 
 built, and a low chamber under the Star Chamber, formerly called the 
 chamber of the clerk of the king's kitchen, as part of the property of the 
 dean and canons of St. Stephen's." Further on, in this deed of composition, 
 the chapel of St. John the evangelist is especially reserved, with all other 
 chapels, vestibules, and oratories, as well private as others, whatsoever, within 
 the before-mentioned mansions and places, so as aforesaid free, or elsewhere, 
 wheresoever, within the said palace, or the bounds aforesaid, to the abbot 
 and convent of Westminster. But of this chapel of St. John, which evidently 
 did not belong to the dean and canons of St. Stephen's, nothing further is 
 known, than that, among the mandates before noticed from the patent and 
 close rolls, orders have more than once occurred for procuring wax lights for 
 it. d Probably, however, it might have been an oratory of Edward the Con- 
 fessor, which is said to have stood, at one time, on the spot where Cotton 
 House afterwards was, e or rather, speaking more accurately, to have been 
 one of those rooms which were afterwards altered, and converted into that 
 house; and this supposition is the more likely, because St. John the Evan- 
 gelist was one of Edward the Confessor's patron saints/ 
 
 Some further clauses in this composition, though not relating to edifices, 
 require, on account of their connexion with St. Stephen's chapel, to be par- 
 ticularly noticed. Among others, on the part of the abbot and convent of 
 AVestminster, it is agreed, that the dean and canons of St. Stephen's should 
 have in their said chapel a baptismal font for the baptism of the children of 
 
 7 Now Bridge Street. 
 * This clock tower stood on the north side of New Palace Yard. See hefore. 
 b This is again the before-mentioned spot where Canon Row now is. 
 e These are evidently the buildings on the east side of New Palace Yard. 
 rt See before. e New View of London, p. 652. f See before. 
 
105 
 
 the king, and of the nobility, so long as they should not administer to the 
 said children of the king, or nobility, or any other persons, the other sacra- 
 ments of the church; nor by themselves, or others, without the leave and 
 licence of the convent of Westminster, in the said chapels^ vestibules, man- 
 sions, and places, nor in any one of them, administer sacraments of this kind, 
 or permit them, as much as in them lay, to be administered, but only the 
 sacrament of baptism to the children of the king, or nobility, as aforesaid, 
 except in cases of imminent danger of death. 
 
 It is further stipulated, on the part of the abbot and convent, that if, in 
 future, any fresh chapels, oratories,, vestibules, chambers, or other houses, 
 dwelling-houses, or other places whatsoever, should be erected, and be late- 
 rally or angularly continued, or made contiguous, or in any manner joined 
 or united to the said chapels, vestibules, mansions, and other places, so as- 
 aforesaid free, or any of them; all such chapels, oratories, vestibules, cham- 
 bers, houses, dwelling-houses, and places,, and each of them, whether the 
 Avhole of them, or only a part, should exceed the limits of the soil and ground 
 aforesaid, as before limited, should, so far as they should exceed the said limits, 
 be under the jurisdiction, subjection, and power, of the abbot and convent, 
 in the same manner as other chapels, not free and exempt; and the houses, 
 dwelling-houses, and places, of the parishioners of the church of St. Margaret. 
 
 For the exemption from the jurisdiction of the abbot and convent of 
 Westminster, and the other privileges which they acquired or secured by this 
 composition, the dean and canons were to pay for ever, to the keeper of St. 
 Edward's feretry and the relics of the said monastery of Westminster, the 
 annual sum of five marks of silver, at Michaelmas and Easter, in each year; 
 Avhich sum of five marks was, in case of the increase by means of the king's 
 donation at any time, or otherwise, of the members of the said college of St. 
 Stephen, from their then number, thirty-eight, to any greater, to be in- 
 creased in such proportion as the parlies should agree. 8 
 
 It cannot be supposed easy, for such as even pretty well know the pre- 
 sent state of the ground, to comprehend, from so complicated a description 
 as that contained in the composition before abridged, what was its ancient 
 appearance; but to a stranger this enumeration of buildings, plots of ground, 
 and boundaries, must, without still further assistance, be wholly unintelligible. 
 
 sSee a transcript of this Composition at length in the Register book of the chapel of St. Stephen, 
 among the Cotton manuscripts as before referred to. 
 
106 
 
 And, indeed* it must be confessed, that it was not without considerable dif- 
 ficulty, repeated consideration, an intimate acquaintance with the spot, and 
 perfect information from others, what it had been for many years back, that 
 the several facts relating to the same spot could be collected together, from 
 the different and distant parts of so long an enumeration, and the various 
 boundaries be reconciled with each other, in an instrument so ill drawn as 
 this; where the same piece of ground is mentioned several times, and fre- 
 quently with different circumstances of description. For the ease of the 
 reader, therefore, a plan laid down from it by a scale is here inserted, in 
 which the measures and boundaries are clearly stated, and for which it must 
 be acknowledged this deed affords ample, as well as authentic, materials. 
 
 What subsequent aid this chapel received from the succeeding kings of 
 this country, down to the 23d of Edward IV, when the patent rolls in the 
 Tower stop," may be easily traced from the list of their grants given in the 
 note; 1 which, though too numerous to be stated at length, seem to have con- 
 
 h The Cal. Rot. Pat. lately published in consequence of the Address of the House of Com- 
 mons, ends with this year. 
 
 ■ These it has been thought adviseable to range under different heads, including also the grants 
 of Edward III, and Richard II, and to separate, in each instance, from the general mass of the 
 rest, all such as give any particular indications of their contents. 
 
 Capella Sancti Stephani in Palatio. 
 22 Edward III, Part II, m. 3. De fundatione Capellse Sancti Stephani in palatio Westmonasterii. 
 57 Edw. Ill, Part I, m. 10. De pictoribus capiendis pro Capella S. Stephani Westm. 
 50 Edw. Ill, Part I, m. 2, a tergo, De capella S. Stephani Westm. visitanda. 
 50 Edw. Ill, Part II, m. 25, a tergo, De visitando Capellam S. Stephi. Westm. 
 
 Cantakia infra bassam Capellje S. Stephi. 
 32 Hen. VI, m. 4. Pro Cantaria infra bassam capella? S. Stephi. Westm. 
 
 Collegium S. Stephi. 
 
 2 Edw. IV, Part III, m. 16 Incorporatio custod. vicariorum ; elicorum, et choristarum collegii 
 Sancti Stephi Westmon. ac libertat. pro eisdem. 
 
 Decanus Sci Stephani. 
 25 Edw. HI, Part II, m. 12. Quod Decani capellarum Regis S. Stephani et S. Georgii de Windsor 
 
 sint quieti de decimis, 8cc. 
 32 Edw. Ill, Part I, m.9> Rex amortizarit Decano Sancti Stephani Westmonasterii Turrim suam 
 
 apud Bucklersbury in London, vocat Seines tower. 
 1° Rich. II, Part II, m. 32. Rex confirm, ordinationes et decreta concern' tarn Decanum quam 
 
 Canonicos Capellae S. Stephani Westm. 
 12 Rich. II, Part I, m. 1. Pro Decano S. Stephani Westm. de diversis maneriis in com. Kancia?. 
 18 Rich. II, Part II, m. 26. Perampla Exemplificatio quarundam litium ac concord, inter Ab- 
 
 batem Westmonast. ex una parte et Decanum S. Stephani Westmonaster. ex altera. 
 
107 
 
 tributed very little, if any thing, towards the enlargement of its endowment, 
 or the increase of its revenues; nor does it appear, after that period, to have 
 had any assistance from regal benefactions, except in the instance of 
 Henry VII, who gave them by deed 100 s. to be paid perpetually, for an an- 
 niversary, as will be mentioned hereafter. Stow has, however, said, that king 
 Henry VI had six wool-houses within the staple at Westminster, and that 
 those he granted to the dean and canons of St. Stephen, at Westminster, and 
 confirmed it in the twenty-first of his reign : k and Strype, on the authority of 
 Rymer's Fcedera, relates, that king Henry VIII granted a charter of privi- 
 
 1 Hen. IV, Part V, in. 16. Perampla confirmatio diversorum maneriorum, ecclesiarum, ten-arum 
 
 et tenementorum, pro Decano S. Stephi Westm. vide 21 Pat. R. II, in qua recitantur capitales 
 
 ministri Angliae tempore E. III. 
 1 Hen. VI, Part V, m. 29- Peramplissima confirmatio maneriorum, terrarum, ac libertatum, pro 
 
 Decano S. Stephani Westm. Vide 4 pat. Hen. V. 
 23 Hen. VI, Part II, m. 8. Pro Decano S. Stephani Westm. de certis prioratibus et maneriis. 
 1 Edw. IV, Part VI, m. . Perampla confirmatio maneriorum, prioratuum, ac tenementorum, pro 
 
 Decano S. Stephani Westraonast. n. 1. 
 Alia peramplissima confirmatio pro eodem Decano 2. 
 
 5 Edw. IV, Part II, m. 1. Ainpla libertat concess. Decano Sancti Stephani Westmonast. ac te- 
 nentibus suis. 
 
 5 Edw. IV, Part II, m. 33. Ampla confirmatio pro Decano Sancti Stephani Westmonast. Vide 
 37 pat. Hen. VI. 
 
 5 Edw. IV. Part HI, m. 21. Ampla confirmatio pro Decano Sancti Stephani Westmonaster. pro- 
 ut in 37 pat. Henrici Sexti. 
 
 9 Edw. IV, Part I, m. 5. Pro decano S. Stephani Westmonast. de prioratu de Well alienigen* 
 &c. in comitatu Norff. ac libertatibus suis. 
 
 15 Edw. IV, Part III, ni. 4. Pro Decano Sancti Stephani Westmonast. de certis prioratibus alie- 
 nigenis ac aliis maneriis. 
 
 19 Edw. IV, m. 11. Incorporatio Decani capellie S. Stephani Westmonast. ac cert, libert. concess. 
 
 Rex concessit eidem Decano decanat. sive pra;bendam de Welverbampton, in com. Staff. 
 
 Pro Decano S. Stephi Westm. 25 Edw. Ill, Part II, m. 7—30 Edw. Ill, Part I, m. 7.— 
 30 Edw. Ill, Part II, m. 5.-32 Edw. Ill, Part I, m. 26.-34 Edw. Ill, Part II, m. 22.— 
 35 Edw. Ill, Part III, m. 34.-43 Edw. Ill, Part II, m. 19—16 Rich. II, Part I, m. I.— 
 18 Rich. II, Part I, m. .— 21 Rich. II, Part III, m. 35.-2 Hen. IV, Part III, m. 6 — 
 12 Hen. IV, m. 41.— 14 Hen. IV, m. 6, & 7—15 Hen. VI, m. 9-— 16 Hen. VI, Part I, 
 m. 14.— 25 Hen. VI, Part II, m. 19—31 Hen. VI, Part II, m. 4.-38 Hen. VI, Part II, 
 m. 15. 
 
 Vicauii S. Stephi. 
 19 Rich. II, Part II, m. 31. Pro custode de Vicariis S. Stephani Westm. 
 
 VlCARII ET CHORISTAR. StEPHI. 
 
 27 Hen. VI, Part II, m. 22. Confirmatio pro Vicariis Si choristis Sancti Stephani Wcstmonas- 
 
 terii ac collegii ejusdem. 
 9 Edw. IV, Part 1, m. 20. Pro Vicariis, Clericis, et choristis S. Stephani Westmon. 
 
 k Stow, 1618, p. 843.— 1633, p. 497. 
 
108 
 
 lege to the dean of the free chapel of St. Stephen, and the canons, to pull 
 down all the ancient and very ruinous tenements, and to build them again. 
 It is there set out how butted and bounded, viz. situate in Le Wolstaple, be- 
 tween the clock toward the east, and Le Way house toward the west, and 
 the wall of our palace in length toward the south, and Le Wulbrige of our 
 staple toward the north. In the margin Strype has termed this spot Chanon 
 Row, how butted and bounded, 1 which is all the intimation he has thought 
 fit to give, to what piece of ground this charter referred, or where it lay; for 
 in his text he says nothing on the subject. 
 
 Private benefactions bestowed on it seem, indeed, except perhaps in the 
 instance of the first contributors to the building, to have been almost univer- 
 sally with a view to the keeping and observation of an obit, or anniversary, 
 for the benefactor; and of these an account is here given from the entries of 
 the deeds, by which the observance of this ceremony was secured, in the 
 Register book of this chapel, before referred to. 
 
 In 1374, the 47th of Edward III, the dean and canons of St. Stephen's, 
 received a grant of an annual reot of c 20s. out of a tenement in Westminster, 
 which Hugh de Depeden, and Joan his wife, formerly held, and which was 
 called Le Holewe Caverne, [The Hollow Cavern] situated near the gate of 
 the king's palace on the south, for an anniversary for Robert de Elmham, 
 formerly canon of the chapel of St. Stephen. 
 
 1384, 7 Rich. II, they, in like manner, received a tenement in Westmin- 
 ster, formerly granted to John de Mukelton, and Geoffrey de Maidenstone, 
 {who conveyed it to the dean and canons) by William Kempston, chaplain of 
 the parish church of St. Margaret, Westminster, and John Kynebell ; which 
 tenement, at the front part, was situated between a tenement of Richard 
 Nottele on the south, and a tenement of Olive Betles on the north; and at its 
 middle and hinder part, between a garden formerly belonging to John Atte 
 Water, on the south, and a curtilage of the said Olive on the north, and 
 abutted on the king's highway towards the west, and on a ditch of the king's 
 towards the east, for an anniversary for John de Blokkeleye, formerly canon 
 of St. Stephen's chapel. 
 
 1399, A sum of 50/. was paid to the dean and canons by the executors 
 of William Sleford, late dean of St. Stephen's chapel, instead of a purchase 
 of annual rent, which he had directed his executors to make for them; for 
 an anniversary for the said William Sleford, which, by deed, dated 12 April, 
 1399, is fixed for 6 April. 
 
 ' Strype, book vi, p. G. 
 
109 
 
 1410, A legacy of 20/. was left them by the will of Adam de Chestre- 
 field, formerly a canon of St. Stephen's chapel, and paid to them by his exe- 
 cutor; for an anniversary for the said Adam de Chestrefeld, which, by 
 deed dated 5 July, 1410, is fixed for 26 Nov. 
 
 I. s. a. 
 
 At the same time John Spytele, the executor, gave to the work of the 
 pulpit of the same chapel, as a beginning for the work of the same, out 
 of the effects of the said Adam de Chesterfield, and besides the 20/. 
 given by his will for an anniversary 20 
 
 He also gave a great Missal for morning mass in the under chapel there, 
 
 of the price of. 11 6 8 
 
 And also a large Gradual" 1 to the said chapel, lying there, at the last 
 
 of the vicar's stalls, towards the high altar, on the south, of the price of 7 13 4 
 
 And a new Ordinal to the said chapel, of the price of. 5 
 
 Other similar benefactions were, in 1411, an annual rent of five marks 
 out of two messuages, several shops, and houses over them, annexed to the 
 said messuages in Fenchurch Street, London, at the corner of Mart Lane, in 
 the parish of Alhallows Stayning, London ; for an anniversary for John 
 Ware, late a canon of the chapel of St. Stephen, which, by deed of the last of 
 January, 12 Henry IV, is fixed for 9 Dec. Of these five marks four were to 
 be applied to the anniversary, and of those four, five shillings were to be ex- 
 pended for the maintenance of a silver lamp before the image of St. Mary, the 
 virgin, in puwa, every day in the year, from the first opening of the door 
 of that chapel to the shutting of it late in the evening ; and the sum of 
 13 s. 4>d. the remainder of the five marks, was to be paid to the seneschal [or 
 marshal] of the vicars and clerks, on the day of the said John Ware's death, 
 and at Christmas, for their pittances," in equal portions. 
 
 1411, An annual rent of 45 s. 4 c?. out of a messuage in Bishopsgatc Street, 
 London, called le Scotte on the hoope,° situated between a tenement of the 
 
 m Gradale, the word here used, means equally the service book, called a Gradual, and also a 
 step. See Da Fresne's Glossary; and it does not seem very clear which of the two is here meant. 
 
 n Pictantia is a monastic portion to the value of one picta, in esculents or eatables, it is more 
 elegant than broths, which were made of herbs, since pittances were of fish, and such things. Du 
 Fresne's Glossary. Picta was a small coin of the earls of Poitou, the smallest almost of all coins. 
 The French call it Pite. Ibid. We use the word pittance still to signify a small portion. 
 
 ° Probably some famous tumbler, or posture-master, of the time, w ho might be a Scotchman, 
 and whose figure might be painted for a sign, together with his hoop, with which lie performed 
 his tricks. 
 
110 
 
 prior of the hospital of Saint Mary, without Bishopsgate, on the north, and 
 a lane of the prioress of St. Helen's on the south, and a garden of the parson 
 of the church of St. Mary Somerset on the west, and abutting on the king's 
 highway on the east : for an anniversary for Robert Fulmer, late canon of 
 St. Stephen's, which, by deed, dated 20 Aug. 12 Henry IV, is fixed for 29 
 Aug. to be celebrated in the choir of the chapel. 
 
 1418, A legacy of 110/. owing to Nicholas Slake, dean of St. Stephen's, 
 at his death, and bequeathed to them by his will, for an anniversary to be 
 kept for him on the 2d of Jan. till 90/. of the 110/. should have been ex- 
 pended in it. The remaining sum of 20/. to be thus disposed of was 13s. 4c?. 
 to be paid for thirty years to the seneschal of the vicars, clerks, and choristers, 
 viz. 6s. 8d. on the feast of St. Andrew, to buy fuel to be burnt in the vicars' 
 hall at Christmas following, and 6 s. Sd. on the day of his death, for pittances 
 for the vicars, clerks, and choristers; and so to be continued till the said 
 20/. should be fully expended. 
 
 1425, A legacy of 50/. left by the will of Thomas Orgrave, formerly a 
 canon of the chapel of St. Stephen, to be laid out in the purchase of an 
 annual rent of 40s. for the benefit of the dean and canons, but paid to them 
 in money by the executors, for an anniversary for the said Thomas Orgrave, 
 which, by deed, dated the last of Oct. 1425, is fixed for 26 Oct. This deed 
 notices that the dean and college had then lately purchased from William de 
 Beverle, and Richard Shawe, clerks, a messuage, with houses and shops, in 
 the parish of Saint Antholine, in Cordwainer Street Ward, London, which 
 was of the value of ten marks; and charges the expence of this anniversary 
 upon the rent of this messuage. 
 
 1427, A sum of 40/. in money for an anniversary for Henry Merston, one 
 of the then canons of St. Stephen's chapel, when he should happen to die. 
 The expence of this anniversary is, by deed, dated July 20, 5 Henry VI, 
 charged on the before-mentioned messuage in Cordwainer Street Ward, 
 which is stated to be of the value of ten marks. 
 
 In 1428, 6 Henry VI, Walter Hungerford, knight, lord of Haytesbury, 
 and Hornet, treasurer of England, is mentioned as having been himself a 
 great benefactor, and induced others to become so. By deed therefore of 
 20 Feb. 6 Henry VI, an anniversary for him, whenever he should die, was 
 granted by the then dean and college of St. Stephen's; and the expence of it 
 was to be borne out of the rent of the house in Cordwainer Street Ward. 
 1430, An annual rent of 45s. 4d. left to them by the will of Walter Cake- 
 
Ill 
 
 ton, citizen and setter, of the city of London; which rent had been granted 
 him by John Preston, clerk, out of all that alehouse called le Scot on the 
 hoop, in Bishopsgate Street, London, described by the same boundaries as 
 before, and therefore unnecessary to be here repeated : for an anniversary 
 for Robert Fulmere, late canon of the chapel of St. Stephen, and for John 
 Preston, canon of the said chapel; which anniversary is by deed dated 
 18 Aug. 1430, fixed for 29 Aug. 
 
 1430, John Dixon, one of the canons of St. Stephen's, is spoken of as 
 having been a great benefactor, and particularly in levying and getting in 
 several sums of money due to the college, but thought desperate, as appears 
 in the college accounts in the time of Henry V, and Henry VI. A volun- 
 tary grant of an anniversary for him was therefore made on the morrow of 
 Saint Michael, 1430, by the then dean and canons; and the expence charged 
 on the rent of a messuage, with houses and shops, in the parish of St. Dun- 
 stan in the West, within the bar of the New Temple, London, which the dean 
 and canons of the college, their predecessors, had bought of Richard Shaw. 
 
 1432, 10 Henry VI, a sum of 40/. in money, paid to them by John 
 Breeche, one of the canons of St. Stephen's chapel, for an anniversary for 
 him; the expence of which, by deed dated 10 Henry VI, April 2, is charged 
 on the rents of the messuage in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, within 
 the bar of the New Temple. 
 
 1437, Ralph, lord Cromwell, is stated to have been a great benefactor 
 himself, and to have procured benefactions from others, and a voluntary 
 grant of an anniversary for him, and Margaret his wife, on the day of his 
 burial annually, is therefore made, 10 July, 15 Henry VI, by the then dean 
 and canons, and the expence charged on the rent of the house in Cordwainer 
 Street Ward. 
 
 1443, A grant of six woolhouses of the king's, near the king's palace, 
 at Westminster, and near the staple there, bought by the executors of Wil- 
 liam Prestwyk, clerk, late one of the masters in Chancery, and clerk of the 
 Parliament; and, as it appears in another part of the deed, one of the canons 
 of the chapel of St. Stephen, from one John Becket, and Thomas Carr, who 
 held them for their joint lives and the life of the survivor. These houses arc 
 further described in the letters patent of 16* Nov. 21 Henry VI, stated in the 
 deed hereafter mentioned, as being six houses, called Woolhouses, within the 
 staple of Westminster, in length and breadth as they were there between the 
 king's wall near the gate of the woolbridgc, towards the east, and llie house 
 
112 
 
 called the Storehouse of ihe dean and canons of the king's college of West- 
 minster, towards the west, and the way which leads from la Wayhous of the 
 king's staple aforesaid, up to the said woolbridge, towards the south, and 
 the dwelling-houses of the said canons, towards the north; which said six 
 houses, by the grant of the king's predecessors, had been occupied as part of 
 the endowment of the chapel, and by the dean and canons, for certain 
 recompences granted to them by the king, had been surrendered into the 
 king's hands, as would appear, in the king's letters patent, granting them to 
 the said John Becket, and Thomas Carr. The letters patent of 21 Hen. VI, 
 also notice, that the said John Becket and Thomas Can had surrendered 
 the letters patent, under which they held these houses for their joint lives 
 and the life of the survivor, to be cancelled, in order that those houses might 
 be granted by the king to the dean and canons, in pure and perpetual alms; 
 which, by the said letters patent, is done accordingly. After mentioning the 
 said William Prestwyk's intention to found a perpetual mass within the col- 
 lege, or royal chapel of St. Stephen, within the king's palace of Westminster, 
 especially within the oratory called le Pewe, belonging to the said college or 
 chapel, or at least at some other altar within the cloisters of the said college 
 or chapel, the deed by which, in consequence of the above benefaction, a 
 mass anniversary is, according to the said William Prestwyk's intention, ap- 
 pointed, directs that every day, for ever, when other masses were accustomed 
 to be performed in the chapel of St. Stephen, one of the perpetual vicars of 
 the said college, or of the priests of the chapel, should celebrate one mass at 
 the altar of St. Mary in le Pewe there; but if that could not conveniently be 
 done, then at one or other of the two altars in the nave of the chapel, on 
 each of the days named in the deed, for the souls of the said William Prest- 
 Avyke, clerk of the king's chancery, and late canon of the said college, and the 
 souls of John and Joan, his father and mother, and of John Bernyngham, 
 John Hertipoole, and Thomas Knyveton, and their relations and benefactors, 
 and all the faithful, deceased, according to what was contained in the tables 
 placed at each of the altars aforesaid, or which should be placed there and 
 from time to time replaced and renewed. The chanter of the chapel is also 
 to regulate the succession in which the persons are to celebrate the mass; 
 part of the service is to be at the great altar of the chapel, and the anniver- 
 sary is fixed for All-Souls day, the 2d of Nov. 
 
 The date of the next benefaction does not precisely appear, but, as it 
 was given by, or at least in consequence of, the Will of bishop Lynwood 
 
113 
 
 who was bishop of St. David's, and died in 1446, p it was most likely about 
 that time. It consisted of an annual rent of 205. and four marks, was pur- 
 chased by his executors, and granted to the dean and canons by them, on 
 condition of an anniversary for the then king and queen, and the said late 
 bishop, in the chapel of St. Stephen ; but in the event of their neglecting to 
 keep his anniversary, the said annual rent was given over to the dean and 
 canons of some cathedral church mentioned in the bishop's will. It does not 
 however appear what that church was, as the clause extracted from the will, 
 and which is the only part stated, does no more than refer to it by the de- 
 scription of the said cathedral church. 
 
 Besides this, bishop Linwood founded a chantry in this chapel ; for, by a 
 deed containing an appointment from his executors in what manner his anni- 
 versary shall be observed, an extract from which is inserted in the Register 
 book before referred to, and from which, indeed, the foregoing circumstances 
 have been taken ; the patronage and advowson of his chantry are, in case of 
 failure by the dean and canons of St. Stephen's, in keeping his anniversary, 
 given over in the same manner as the annual rent of 20/. and four marks for 
 his anniversary to the dean and canons of the said cathedral church where- 
 ever it was. No further particulars respecting this chantry are mentioned in 
 the above deed; but on the Patent Roll of 32 Hen. VI, m. 4, which has been 
 inspected on the present occasion, is an entry of a licence, dated 19 July, from 
 the king to Robert Pyke, clerk, and Adrian Grenebough, executors of Wil- 
 liam Lyndwoode, lately bishop of St. David's, and keeper of the Privy Seal, 
 for the foundation of a perpetual chantry in the under chapel of St. Stephen, 
 within the king's palace of Westminster, for two perpetual chaplains, or at 
 least for one perpetual chaplain, to celebrate divine service daily in the afore- 
 said chapel, or one of them in the under chapel, and the other at the altar 
 of the chapel of St. Mary de Pewa, situated near the king's said chapel of St. 
 Stephen, for the healthful estate of the king and his consort Margaret, queen 
 of England, and their souls when they shall die; and also for the soul of the 
 aforesaid bishop, whose body lies buried in the said under chapel, and the souls 
 of his relations and benefactors, and of all the faithful, deceased, according 
 to an agreement to be made between the aforesaid executors and the dean 
 and canons of the king's said chapel of St. Stephen. The said chantry, when 
 so founded, is to be called Lynd wood's chantry in the aforesaid chapel, for 
 
 p Godwin De Prujsulibus Augliac, edit. Richardson, p. 583. ' ■ 
 
114 
 
 ever; and the said two chaplains, and their successors, by the name of the 
 perpetual chaplains of the perpetual chantry, called Lyndwoode's chantry, 
 are to be persons skilful in the law, and of good ability; or one of them, by 
 the name of the perpetual chaplain of the perpetual chantry, called Lyn- 
 woode's chantry, shall be a person skilful in the law and of good ability; 
 and they, or he, may plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered, in 
 all actions at law whatsoever. And by the said licence the king also grants 
 to William Walesby, then dean of the king's chapel of St. Stephen aforesaid, 
 and the canons of the same chapel, and their successors, that they, and their 
 successors, may hold lands, tenements, and rents, with their appurtenances, 
 to the value of twenty-four marks per annum, clear of deductions, for such 
 terms as shall be contained in an agreement in writing, for the support and 
 maintenance of the said two chaplains, and their successors, in the king's under 
 chapel of St. Stephen aforesaid, who are to celebrate daily mass; and for the 
 support of an obit, to be annually and solemnly celebrated in the king's said 
 chapel of St. Stephen, for the souls of the king and queen, and of the said 
 late bishop, and the souls of all the faithful, deceased, on the anniversary of 
 the said late bishop. And, lastly, that the said chaplains may receive from 
 the said dean and canons, and their successors, a grant of the said rent, for 
 the purpose aforesaid, notwithstanding the statute of mortmain. 
 
 In a deed dated 27 Jan. 1478, for an anniversary for John Wille, and 
 John Holland, mention is made of Robert Barkeby, as one of the priests in 
 the chantries of Lynwoode; and in another deed dated 10 Aug. 1498, for an 
 anniversary for John Brown, eight-pence is directed to be paid to each of 
 the chaplains of Lynwood's chantry. The chaplains of the chantry are also 
 noticed in the before-mentioned extract from the executors' appointment of 
 the anniversary, or the agreement with them for keeping it, whichever of the 
 two it may be most properly termed; for it is so given in the Register book 
 as to make it doubtful what it really is. 
 
 Godwin De Prresulibus Angliae, edit. Richardson, p. 583, says bishop 
 Linwood died in 1446", and lies buried in the collegiate church of St. Ste- 
 phen, Westminster; which, though it erroneously stiles it a church, which it 
 was not, can only mean the chapel dedicated to that saint, the subject of the 
 present enquiry. From the licence before referred to, it appears, he was 
 buried in the under chapel there. 
 
 1463, An house, opposite the church of North Lambeth, called le Swan, 
 in which Robert War then lived; and also a messuage, which lately belonged 
 
115 
 
 to Isabella Swift, in which Roger Heth had lately lived, called New Stulpes; 
 a messuage, in which Richard Thredar then Jived, called Wallers; a mes- 
 suage, containing in length nineteen roods of land, and two roods and four 
 feet in breadth, one end of which abutted on the Thames on the west, and 
 the other on the king's highway on the east, in which Henry Wroughton, and 
 Margaret his wife, lately wife of Peter Swift, then lived; were, by the will 
 of the said Margaret, given after the decease of herself and her husband, to 
 the dean and canons of Si. Stephen's chapel, within the palace of Westmin- 
 ster, for an anniversary for the souls of the said Margaret, Peter, and Henry, 
 and all their relations and benefactors. From a former part of this will it 
 appears that these several houses were situated in the village and parish of 
 North Lambeth, and Water Lambeth. In a subsequent part she directs 
 that three small messuages, with gardens, one granary, and one acre of land, 
 with the appurtenances adjoining the same, near the messuage in which 
 the said Margaret and Henry then lived, should, in consideration of 20/. 
 paid in hand to her and her husband, the said Henry, be conveyed by her 
 trustees to the dean and canons of St. Stephen's. And further, that Wil- 
 liam Falan, a canon of the said chapel, or whoever should then be seised 
 of one acre of meadow land in Lambeth Marsh, for her use, should convey 
 the same to the dean and canons. 
 
 1471, A sum of 100 marks from the administrators of Robert Kyrkham, 
 clerk, deceased, dean of the college of St. Stephen, Westminster, for an anni- 
 versary for the said Robert Kyrkham, on the morrow of the feast of St. 
 George. 
 
 147 1» A sum of 100/. in money, instead of an annual rent of 100s. to be 
 bought with it, received from Thomas Powtrell, executor of John Crecy, 
 late a canon of St. Stephen's, for an anniversary for Thomas, late lord Stan- 
 ley, deceased, his relations and benefactors, like Nicholas Dixon's, to be 
 kept by the choristers, and some vicar or clerk of the aforesaid chapel, 
 before the crucifix in the nave of the chapel, with signs of devotion, as is 
 done in St. George's chapel, Windsor. The anniversary is by deed, dated 
 12 Nov. 1471 > fixed for the feast of St. James the apostle, and to be for the 
 said John Crecy, and Thomas, late lord Stanley. 
 
 By the same deed the dean and canons also agree, that the service for 
 the said anniversary shall be performed in the nave of the upper chapel of 
 the said college; and further, that in consideration of his laudable execution 
 of his trust, and on account of his good will to the college, and his ample 
 
116 
 
 benefactions to the work of Saint Mary in le Pew, an anniversary shall be 
 kept for the said Thomas Powtrell, together with that for the said John Crecy. 
 To this they bind themselves under the penalty of 100 s. out of their rents 
 and possessions in Lambeth and Steben hithc [Stepney]. 
 
 1474, All "William Boteler's lands and tenements, rents, reversions, and 
 services, with all their appurtenances, in Westminster, in the county of Mid- 
 dlesex, which descended to the said William, as heir of Richard Botiller his 
 father, conveyed to the said dean and canons, for an anniversary for himself 
 and Richard Botiller, and Matilda his wife. 
 
 1478, John Wille, one of the canons of St. Stephen's, bequeathed to his 
 executors, one of whom died, the residue of his goods, to be disposed of for 
 the good of his soul, as they should think best. Robert Waldeby, priest, the 
 surviving executor, gave in money to the dean and canons, 42/. lis. of this 
 residue, to be laid out in the purchase of land ; and the dean and college 
 therefore voluntarily granted an anniversary on the first day of January, the 
 day of the death of the said John Wille, for the souls of the said John Wille, 
 and John Holland, formerly a priest, lately deceased, which anniversary was 
 to be in the choir, and at the high altar. 
 
 1478, A legacy of 40/. given by the will of Richard Friston, formerly 
 canon of St. Stephen's and paid by the executors to the dean and canons; in 
 consideration of which, the said dean and canons voluntarily, as it seems, 
 granted by deed, dated 4 Nov. 1478, an anniversary to be celebrated on 
 11 th March, in the choir of the chapel, and at the high altar, for the souls of 
 Richard Friston, and William Hill, and all their parents, relations, friends, 
 and benefactors, deceased. 
 
 1480, A legacy of 200 marks, besides other things, given them by the 
 will of Richard Green, master of arts; for the purpose of providing a priest, 
 not beneficed, to say mass for the soul of the said Richard Green, and the 
 souls of his parents, relations, and benefactors, at one of the three altars, 
 within or near the chapel or oratory of St. Mary de Pewa, as it is commonly 
 called. The priest to have ten marks a year, payable quarterly; and the 
 reason for choosing this place is thus given from the will, as it seems. And 
 because the chapel of St. Mary de Pewa, within the palace of Westminster, 
 was a place more fit for this sacrifice [namely, a daily communion] to be 
 offered, where, by the frequent attestation of miracles, it was evident, that the 
 prayers of the devout faithful were more effectually heard; and that it plen- 
 tifully abounded with indulgences, as well for the living as for the relief of 
 
117 
 
 the dead, and particularly by the singular indulgence de scala dei, otherwise 
 scala coeli, there especially granted, by which the souls of the dead, for 
 whom mass should be celebrated, were believed to be more expeditiously 
 freed from punishment. The deed for settling this anniversary then notices, 
 that application for a mass had been made to the dean and canons, and they 
 therefore grant the anniversary, and bind themselves to the observance of it, 
 under the penalty of five marks, to be paid in case of failure to the rector of 
 Whytynton's college, in Riela, London; 1 and they charge this penalty on three 
 tenements of theirs in the parish of St. Mildred, in the Pulletria, [the 
 Poultry] London, and lately bought from John Shipley, gentleman, with a 
 power to distrain for, or levy it, when due. 
 
 1498, All those possessions, lands, and tenements, which John Brown, 
 formerly canon of the college of St. Stephen, and William Nanson, of Lon- 
 don, gentleman, held for the use of the said John Brown, situated in War- 
 wick Lane, within the city of London, bequeathed by the will of the said 
 John Brown to the dean and canons of St. Stephen's, for an anniversary for 
 the said John Brown, within the said chapel, on a certain day to be fixed by 
 the said dean and canons, to be celebrated in the same manner as that for 
 William Chauntre, late canon of the said chapel. By deed, dated 10 Aug. 
 1498, it is accordingly fixed for the last day of January. 
 
 1509, William Warham, archbishop of Canterbury, is noticed as having 
 shewn affection to this chapel'; in consideration of which, and the further be- 
 nefits they hoped he would take care, and intended to bestow on them, the 
 dean and chapter, by deed dated 12 March, 1509, voluntarily granted an 
 anniversary for the said archbishop, whenever he should die. Archbishop 
 Wareham was then living, and did not die till 1532/ 
 
 Of the property possessed by the members of this endowment, a sufficient 
 account may he collected from what has already been said, but it may be 
 necessary to notice here, in order that it may not be supposed unknown, 
 that in the 4th year of Edward IV, Richard Marsh, son of William Marsh, 
 late of Pynnorc, sold to Richard Danvers, among other things, three tene- 
 ments in the town of Westminster, one of which was called the King's Head, 
 and the other two were set together beside the tenements of the king's chapel 
 of St. Stephen. 5 As this description is so very vague, it is very difficult to 
 
 i In the Royal, or Tower Royal. Sec Stow, 1618, p. 443.— 1633, p. 236. 
 ' Parker de Antiq. Eccl. Brit. edit. fol. Ihmov. 1605, p. 3'26. 
 5 Close Rolls, 4 E. IV", MS. Transcripts from the Patent and Close Rolls, in the possession of 
 Craven Old, Esq. 
 
118 
 
 fix the precise spot, but it might, probably, be somewhere adjoining Canon 
 Row. At all events this was not a benefaction to St. Stephen's chapel, and 
 is only mentioned here because it notices their property. 
 
 Among the Close Rolls, 6 Edw. IV, is a release from Richard Norton, of 
 the town of Westminster, gentleman, son and heir of William Norton, Esq. 
 deceased, lo Robert Kyrkham, and others, of all his right and interest in six 
 messuages in the town of Westminster, and of and in a tenement called Le 
 Pellican, but lately le Maydenhede.' As one Robert Kyrkham was at the 
 time dean of St. Stephen's chapel, and this entry in the original manuscript is 
 very brief, it would be no wonderful circumstance if this should turn out a 
 grant, in fact, to and for the benefit of St. Stephen's chapel. 
 
 It is further found that, 14 Edw. IV, Walter Metyngham, citizen and 
 freeman of the city of London, gave by his will a messuage, with four shops 
 annexed to the said messuage, in the parish of St. Dunstan in the cast, in 
 Tower Ward, London, to the use of the dean and canons of the chapel of St. 
 Stephen, Westminster, to say Placebo et Dirige, Sec. or, in other words, to 
 say mass for his soul." 
 
 In the same year Thomas Daniel, Esq. released to Peter Courtney, dean 
 of the free chapel of the royal college of St. Stephen, within the palace of 
 Westminster, and his successors, all his right and interest of and in the priory 
 and manor of Welles, otherwise Wellhall, and Clayton, in the county of Nor- 
 folk;" and among the Close Rolls of the 16th of Edward IV, is an entry of 
 the will of the before-mentioned Walter Metyngham, which describes the 
 bequest as being of one messuage, with four shops annexed to the same, in 
 the parish of St. Dunstan in the east, in Tower Ward, London, given to the 
 dean and canons of St. Stephen's chapel, Westminster, or to the keeper, &c. 
 of the hospital of St. Catharine, by the Tower, London, for an anniversary/ 
 
 Henry VII, by deed, dated 16 July, in the 19th year of his reign, directed, 
 among others, an anniversary to be observed for him in the chapel of St. Ste- 
 phen; and gave to the dean and chapter of the college of our Lady and St. 
 Stephen, within the king's palace of Westminster, an hundred shillings, to be 
 paid perpetually/ 
 
 To these must be added the benefaction of the last dean, Dr. John 
 
 1 Close Rolls, 6 Edw. IV, m. 36. See Transcripts, &c. before referred to, fol. 288, a. 
 u Close Rolls, 14 Edw. IV. Transcripts, &c. before referred to, fol. 306, a. x Ibid. 
 y Close Rolls, 16 Edw. IV, m. 16. Transe cts, &c. fol. 312, b. 
 1 See the Abstract of this Deed at the end of the Will of Hen. VII, 4to. Lond. 1775, p. 66. 
 
119 
 
 Chamber, who bestowed on them lands and estates, which he lived to see fall 
 into the king's hands;* and rebuilt for them, at his own expence, their 
 cloister, in so beautiful a manner, that the cost of it amounted to the sum of 
 11000 marks. 6 
 
 In the Register book of this chapel already referred to as existing among 
 the Cotton manuscripts, are two lists of the anniversaries and obits to be kept 
 in this chapel for benefactors, disposed in manner of a calendar. One of these 
 lists is at the beginning, the other at the end; and as there are some variations 
 between them, the following has been made up by an incorporation of the 
 two.* As one of them points out also the sums to be distributed to each per- 
 son on those occasions, it has been judged right to insert them also, as far as 
 that list, which is not the most complete, would supply them. To these par- 
 ticulars, furnished from these authorities themselves, it has been thought advise- 
 able to add, by way of notes, the date of the person's death, or any other fact, to 
 ascertain the period when he lived. What the benefactions, in most instances, 
 consisted of, may be found by turning to the account of them already given. 
 
 
 Dean. 
 
 Every 
 Canon. 
 
 Every 
 Vicar. 
 
 Lyn- 
 
 Cha.ii) 
 
 each 
 Priest. 
 
 Everv 
 Clerk. 
 
 Every 
 
 Choris- 
 ter. 
 
 Vereer 
 
 Sexton 
 
 Bell- 
 ringer. 
 
 Vicars 
 for P;t 
 unccs. 
 
 Keeper 
 of ia 
 Pewe. 
 
 To be 
 distri- 
 buted 
 in Alms. 
 
 Oct. 21. 
 
 Lynwoode, bp. of St. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 23. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. 
 
 Tho. 0) grave, canon e 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. 
 
 Nic. Dixon, canon f . . 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 Nov. 3. 
 
 Wm.Prestwyke,canonS 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 • • 
 
 52 
 
 4 
 
 » • 
 
 a Wood's Fasti Oxon. edit. 1691, vol. i, col. 682. b Newc. Rep. vol. i, p. 746. 
 
 * The present author, being then at a distance, got a friend to transcribe this calendar from 
 the manuscript; and has some doubts whether he may not have mistaken that friend's extract, in 
 beginning the calendar as here with the month of October; but it is of no consequence as to the 
 facts, which are correctly stated. 
 
 c Lynwoode, bp. of St. David's, died in 1446. Godwin Dc Prsesulibus Angliae, p. 583. 
 
 d One Christopher Litton, chaplain, was presented by Rob. Lytton to the rectory of St. John 
 the evangelist, in Friday Street, London, 15 Dec. 1493. JSewcourt, vol. i, p. 374, and to the rec- 
 tory of Harlington, in Middlesex, 17 Jan. 1502, by Rob. Litton and Andiew Windsor. Jbid. 
 p. 632. This last became void by his death before 26 Oct. 1505. Ibid. p. 632. 
 
 e Thomas Orgiave, canon, was dead in 1425, as in the deed for his anniversary, dated the last 
 day of Oct. in that year, his executors are parties. 
 
 f Kic. Dixon was living in 1430, and lu.d a voluntary grant of an anniversary, but was dead 
 before 147 1 ; as in a deed of that date for an anniversary, it is directed that it should be like 
 Nicholas Dixon's. 
 
 * Wm, Prestwyk was dead in 1443. See deed for his anniversary. 
 
120 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 a 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. 
 
 John Blokley, canon h 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. 
 
 Wm. Botteler and his 
 
 (/. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 parents* .......... 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 Q 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 * * 
 
 Q 
 O 
 
 • 
 
 25. 
 
 Adam Chesterfield, ca- 
 
 d. 
 
 <i. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 4 
 
 cy 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S. d. 
 
 5. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dec. Q 
 
 .Tohn XV hyp canon ' . 
 
 3 4 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31 . 
 
 Richard duke of York" 1 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 #3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rf. 
 
 i. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 John W ylle, canon". 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 
 d. 
 
 U. 
 
 u. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jan. 3. 
 
 Queen Catharine . . . . 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 O 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rf. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. 
 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 rt 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 (2. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. 
 
 T> 1 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Feb. 14. 
 
 Aynsworth, canon and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. 
 
 Margaret Swyfte 5 . . . . 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 f A. • 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Last day. 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 March 8. 
 
 Rob. Elmeham, canon" 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. 
 
 Elizabeth Morley. . . . 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rob.Morley,and then- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. 
 
 King Henry IV. X .... 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 h John Blokley, called by Newcourt John de Blakeley, was made canon Oct. 15, 1361, 
 Newt*. Rep. vol. i, p. 748. The deed for his anniversary is dated 7 Rich. II, i. e. 1384. He was 
 then dead. 
 
 1 Wm. Botiller. In 1474, 13 Edw. IV, June 10, he himself agreed for an anniversary. 
 
 k Adam Chestei field, made canon 17 May, 1369. Newc. i. 749. His anniversary settled by 
 deed, dated 5 July, 1410, and it appears he was then dead. 
 
 1 John Ware was dead 12 Hen. IV. See the deed for his anniversary of that date. 
 
 m Richard, duke of York, died 31 Dec. 1460. Sandfofd's Geneal. Hist. p. 373. 
 
 n John Wylle. His anniversary agreed for by his executors, by deed dated in 1478. 
 
 ° Queen Catharine, queen of Hen. V, died Jan. 3, 1437. Sandford, p. 278. 
 
 p .... Cromwel. Ralph, lord Cromwel : his anniversary settled by deed dated 10 Jiuy, 
 15 Hen. VI, 1437- He was then living. 
 
 q . . . . Breeche. John Breeche : an anniversary settled for him by deed dated 2 April, 
 10 Hen. VI, 1432. He was then living. 
 
 r . . . . Aynsworth, canon : one Henry Aynesworth, clerk, was, in 1498, one of the executors 
 of John Brown, formerly canon of St. Stephen's, and as such agrees for an anniversary for him. 
 
 5 Margaret Swift. Her will, dated 19 Nov. 1463. 
 
 1 King Richard. This must be Richard II, who died 14 Feb. 1399; Sandford, 202; as it will 
 not at all agree with Richard the first or third. 
 
 u Robert Elmham had the first prebend in this chapel given him, Oct. 4, 1358. Newc. i. 749., 
 and the deed for his anniversary is dated in 1374, but he was then dead. 
 
 * Henry IV died 20 March, 1412. Sandford, 266. 
 
121 
 
 
 
 s. d. 
 
 t. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 April o. 
 
 Sleford, dean* 
 
 3 4 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. 
 
 Kyrkeham, dean a . . . . 
 
 3 4 
 
 o 
 
 12 
 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. 
 
 
 r>f\ 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 Q 
 O 
 
 • • 
 
 U 
 
 4 
 
 b 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s. d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 May 17. 
 
 
 3 4 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 1 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. 
 
 Rich. Hatton, canon . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 a 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 June 7- 
 
 Prince Edward f 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 5 fl 
 
 
 3 ? 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 7 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9- 
 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. 
 
 King Edward, the 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. 
 
 Ayskew, bp. of Salis- 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 July 7. 
 
 Benedict Burs;h, ca- 
 
 <2. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 „ k 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. 
 
 John Crecy, canon '. . 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a!'- 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. 
 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y . . . . Sleford, dean. Win. de Sleford was made dean 17 May, 1369. Newc. i. 747. 
 
 z His anniversary was agreed for by deed dated 12 April, 1399 : he was then dead. Edward IV 
 died 9 April, 1483. Sandford, 391. 
 
 a Kyrkehain, dean. His anniversary settled by deed dated 1 Aug. 1471 : he was then dead, as 
 his executors are parties. 
 
 b Merston, canon. In 1427> 5 Hen. VI, July 20, he himself agrees for an anniversary. 
 
 c Sharpe, dean. Henry Sharpe, dean of St. Stephen's, Westminster, is a party to a deed, 
 4 Nov. 1478, and to another dated 28 July, 1480. 
 
 d Rowse, dean. Tho. Rous made dean June 20, 1367. Newc. i. 747. 
 
 e Henry VI, murdered 21 May, 1472. Sandford, 298. 
 
 'Prince Edward. Edward the black Prince died 8 July, 1376. Sandford, 187. 
 
 c Kaynes, dean. Tho. de Keynes appointed dean 26 Nov. 13 35. Newc. i. 746. 
 
 11 King Edward the founder. Edward HI died 21 June, 1377. Sandford, 175. 
 
 i Anthony Ryvers. Qu. If not Anthony earl Rivers, the repairer of the chapel of La Pewc ? 
 Stow, 1618, p. 893.— 1633, p. 524. 
 
 ' Ayskew, bp. of Salisbury, murdered 29 June, 1450. Godwin de Pracsul. Angl. 1450. 
 
 k Mr. Warton. Hist, of Poetry, vol. ii, p. 165, speaks of this person as Benedict Burgh, a 
 master of arts, of Oxford, archdeacon of Colchester, prebendary of St. Paul's, and canon of St. 
 Stephen's chapel, at Westminster. He says further, that about 1480, he translated Cato's Morals; 
 and in a note refers to Newcourt's Repertorium, I. 90, 2. 517, as his authority. Another fact, of 
 no importance here, he gives from the University Register at Oxford; and concludes, by saying, 
 he died in 1483. Newcourt, however, docs not any where mention him as canon of St. Stephen's, 
 which the University Register probably may. 
 
 'John Crecy, canon. His anniversary settled by deed, dated 14 Nov, 1471, and he was 
 then dead. 
 
 R 
 
122 
 
 Aue. Q. 
 
 Walter, lord de Hun- 
 
 d. 
 
 d 
 
 <7. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 gerford, knt. m 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 a 
 
 
 d 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 15. 
 
 Queen Philippa" .... 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 5q 
 
 
 3? 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 20. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 <i. 
 
 d. 
 
 rf. 
 
 2g. 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Sept. 6. 
 
 Edyngton, bp. founder 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 of the statutes p . . . . 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 8. 
 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 (£. 
 
 
 <Z. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 Penult. 
 
 Wm. Chantre, canon q 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 At the end of that list which gives these payments, the following sums 
 are also mentioned: 
 
 To every vicar out of the obits per annum, besides the obits of the 
 
 lower chapel 22s. Id. 
 
 Every canon shall receive out of the obits per annum, besides the 
 
 obit of H. Waker, [or Walter] 1 36 s. SfZ. 
 
 To the Chaplains of the Chantries. 
 
 For the dish of a prebend s 40s. 
 
 For dividends 3/. Is. 8c?. 
 
 And the portion of each canon every year commonly, besides ca- 
 sualties, is in money paid beforehand 25/. Is. Od. 
 
 m Walter, lord Hungerford. His anniversary settled by deed dated 20 Feb. 6 Hen. VI, but 
 he was then living. 
 
 "Queen Philippa died 15 Aug. 1369. Sandford, 1/2. 
 
 Henry V died 29 Aug. 1422. Sandford, 280. 
 
 p Edyngton, bp. Wm. Edendon was made bp. of Winchester, 1346, 20 Edw. Ill, and died in 
 1366. He was the predecessor of Wickham, and had been chancellor In 1357. Godwin de 
 Prses. Angliae, p. 226. 
 
 *• Wm. Chantre was dead before 1498, as, in a deed of that year for an anniversary, it is agreed 
 it shall he like that for Wm. Chauntre. 
 
 1 Qu. which? for it is doubtfully written. 
 
 * The original manuscript is so much defaced as to be scarcely legible in this place. A friend, 
 who consulted it, after some pains, thought the words here were, Pro cov" Prcbende. It may, 
 however, really be Pro cou a Prebende, meaning Pro couca, or, conca Prebendaj. Du Fresne, in 
 his Glossary, art. Couca, gives, from Consuetudines Ecclesias de Regula apud Labeum, p. 745, a 
 passage in which the miller of every mill is permitted to take, every day, one toll dish of corn to 
 grind. Toll dish is here rendered by the Latin, Couca, which Du Fresne says should, however, 
 be Concha. Spelt Conca, as it would probably be in old manuscripts, it would be very difficult, 
 considering the near resemblance of the letters, to say which of the two words it was. The same 
 author, art. Concha, describes it as being an hollow vessel like a shell. He says it is also 
 reckoned among vessels for sacred purposes, and that the uses of it were various, as a proof of 
 which he gives, among other instances, one from the 48th canon of the Council of Collioure, in 
 
123 
 
 Frequent mention has already occurred of a chapel, sometimes termed 
 the Chapel of La Pewe, sometimes the Oratory called Le Pewe, sometimes 
 St. Mary in Le Pew, and sometimes the Chapel of St. Mary de Pewa, which 
 appears to have been a part of, or situated near this of St. Stephen, but where 
 it exactly stood it is difficult to say. In a composition before noticed, dated 
 in 1394, the chapel of St. Stephen, that of St. Mary in the Vaults, with their 
 vestibules above and below, a small chapel contiguous to the chapel of St. Ste- 
 phen, on the south, then called the Chapter House, and the chapel of La 
 Pewe, are all named. 1 From this, two contradictory propositions might, with 
 equal appearance of probability, be maintained, either that the chapel of La 
 Pewe was another appellation for the Chapter House; or that this chapel of 
 La Pewe was a separate edifice, but, in both cases, evidently distinct from 
 either the chapel of St. Stephen, or that of St. Mary in the Vaults. As however 
 this composition describes the Chapter House as situated on the south side of 
 St. Stephen's chapel, and speaks of an intention to erect a new cloister and 
 chapter house on a piece of ground, which is elsewhere found to have been 
 granted them by Edward III," and lay on the north of that chapel," where 
 the Speaker's House, and Court Yard, now are; the situation of the chapel 
 of La Pewe was, probably, on the south side of St. Stephen's also, and conse- 
 quently where Cotton Garden now is. This is the more likely, because in the 
 ceremonial for creating the duke of York a knight of the Bath, in 1494, 
 10 Henry VII, inserted among the authorities at the end of Anslis's Observa- 
 tions on the Knighthood of the Bath, p. 48, it is said, speaking of the knights 
 then to be created, that they ' took their way secretly by our Lady of Pieu, 
 * through St. Stephen's chapel, on to the steyr footc of the Ster Chambrc end.' 
 
 That the chapel of St. Mary de la Pewe was a distinct edifice, or, at least, 
 no part of the chapel of St. Stephen, is evident from a patent dated 6" March, 
 26 Richard II, by which he grants to the dean and canons of his free chapel 
 at Westminster, the restitution of the jewels, ornaments, and other eccle- 
 siastical goods, which had been lately stolen out of the king's closet of St. 
 Mary de la Pewe, near l he aforesaid chapel, and for that reason forfeited to 
 
 which those who are to be baptized are prohibited from putting money into the dish at the time 
 of baptism, lest the priest should seem to be attracted by the sum which he received as a present. 
 Concha is here the word used for the dish, and will justify a supposition, that the present passage 
 in the text, means the dish for voluntary benefactions when a prebendary officiated, and that out 
 of those benefactions the chaplains were to have 4()s. 
 
 1 Register book. * See before. x -See before. 
 
124 
 
 the king. y The particulars of this theft, or robbery, no where appear, nor 
 are they, indeed, or the fact itself, of any further importance, than as having 
 occasioned the issuing of the above patent, which may perhaps afford some 
 help towards ascertaining the precise spot which the chapel of la Pewe covered. 
 Henry VI, by patent dated 1 January, in the 21st year of his reign, recites, 
 that John Guraey, yeoman of the king's kitchen, being possessed by the 
 king's grant of the custody of the Constabulary, within the palace of West- 
 minster, for his life, with the wages and emoluments belonging to the same, 
 had surrendered the letters patent, under which he held the same, to be can- 
 celled; to the end that John Beeket, one of the servants of the crown, and 
 the said John Gurney, might receive a grant of the custody of the said Con- 
 stabulary for their joint lives, and the life of the survivor. By these letters 
 patent, of 21 Henry VI, a grant is therefore made to them accordingly of 
 the Constabulary, there described as situated between the king's college of 
 St. Stephen and the private palace of Westminster, together with a chamber 
 and a passage, 2 and a certain chamber, with a return a in the same Consta- 
 bulary; which said chamber is there stated to reach from the said college to 
 the uessals and gallery, and to join the chapel of St. Mary de la Pewe. 
 It is also further mentioned as extending from south to north in length, and 
 from east to west in breadth; and in the same grant is also comprised the 
 custody of the garden of the aforesaid Constabulary. 
 
 Of the original foundation of this chapel no particulars have been pre- 
 served. Newcourt, however, speaks of a chapel near this of St. Stephen, the 
 name of which he does not give, but says, that the treasurer of the Exche- 
 quer, by virtue of that office, had it in his collation; and that on the erection 
 of the present building of St. Stephen's chapel, by Edward III, the dean and 
 canon of St. Stephen's obtained to have it annexed to their college; that the 
 then chaplain was made a canon of St. Stephen's, and that in lieu of its pa- 
 tronage, the right of presentation to one of the prebends in St. Stephen's was, 
 in 1356, granted to William of Wickham, bishop of Winchester, the then 
 treasurer, and his successors in that office. b It is far from impossible that 
 this of La Pewe might be the very chapel. 
 
 No etymology of the term le Pew has as yet been attempted, but no dif- 
 
 > Pat. 2G Rich. II, Part III, m. 25. 
 2 The original word is chain ino, probably from the French chemin, a passage or way. 
 a Retracta is the word in the original, which, it is conceived, can here mean nothing but a 
 end or return in the range of the buildings. b Newcourt, i, p. 750. 
 
125 
 
 ficuJty in settling it will remain when it is remembered, that the French sub- 
 stantive Pints, means a Well; and known, that in or about the palace of 
 Westminster, were no fewer than four Wells still remaining. One of them 
 is in the Speaker's Court Yard ; another towards the Thames, behind the range 
 of buildings where the Star Chamber was, or, in other words, on the eastern 
 extremity of New Palace Yard; a third, in Cotton Garden, the exact spot 
 of which may be seen in Mr. Smith's view before inserted of the north side 
 of the Painted Chamber; and the fourth, in the south cloister of St. Stephen's 
 chapel, close to the entrance of the room now used as the Speaker's stale dining 
 room, but which was anciently the chapel of St. Mary in the Vaults, directly 
 under the House of Commons. This last is, indeed, now covered by a 
 staircase, but was, for a time, laid open in the late alterations there/ 
 
 Stow has said of this chapel, that by the chapel of St. Stephen was some- 
 time one other smaller chapel, called Our Lady of the Pew, to which lady 
 great offerings were used to be made. 1 Amongst other things, he says, he 
 has read that Richard II, after the overthrow of Wat Tyler, and other the 
 rebels, in the fourth of his reign, went to Westminster, and there giving 
 thanks to God for his victory, made his offering in this chapel/ Strype adds, 
 that on the coming also of Wat Tyler and t e rebels to London, the same 
 king went first to Westminster, to the high altar there, and offered; after that 
 he confessed himself to an anchorite; and then betook himself to this chapel 
 of our Lady in the Pew, there said his devotions, and then went to Smith- 
 field to meet the rebels/ In the editions of Stows Survey, subsequent to 
 the first, this chapel is said to have been burnt in the year 12.52/ which, from 
 the above and other circumstances, is evidently impossible; but the date is 
 an error of the press, committed in one edition and continued in the rest: 
 for this event ought to have been placed, as it is by Stow in his first edition, 
 in the vcar 1452, 6 two centuries later, and at that period it will accordingly 
 be spoken of in the present work. 
 
 The first benefaction to it, of which any notice has been found, is a sum 
 of five shillings annually, which, by a deed in January 1411, for an anniver- 
 sary for John Ware, late a canon of St. Stephen's, is directed to be applied for 
 
 c It was between two of the flying buttresses on the north side of -St. Stephen's chapel, and 
 there was a bath near it. Of this well the precise situation may be seen in Mr. Smith's ground 
 plan of part of Westminster, inserted on the opposite page, which has been taken from actual 
 measurement, and shews the rem. lining foundations of the old palace there. 
 
 d Stow, lfi 18, p. 893.— 1633, p. 524. e Strype, book vi, p. .54. 
 
 f Stow, lGl8, p. 89:).— 1G.')3, p. 524. ? Strype, book vi, p. 54. 
 
126 
 
 the maintenance of a silver lamp before the image of St. Mary the Virgin in 
 Puwa, every day in the year, from the first opening of the door of that chapel 
 in the morning, to the shutting of it late in the evening. 11 By a similar deed 
 in 1443, for settling a daily mass and anniversary for William Prestwyke, late 
 a canon of St. Stephen's, it is agreed, that one of the perpetual vicars of the 
 said college, or of the priests of the said chapel, should celebrate one mass at 
 the altar of St. Mary in le Pewe there, if it could conveniently be done; but 
 if not, then at one or other of the two altars in the nave of the said chapel. 1 
 In this deed it is styled the Oratory, called Le Pewe, belonging to the said 
 college or chapel of St. Stephen. 
 
 Slow says, that as divers have noted, namely, John Piggot, in the year 1252, 
 [1452, first edition, more correctly,] on the 17th of February, by negligence of 
 a scholar appointed by his school-master to put forth the lights of this chapel, 
 the image of our Lady, richly decked with jewels, precious stones, pearls, and 
 rings, more than any jeweller could judge the price, (for so said his author), was, 
 with all this apparel, ornaments, and chapel itself, burnt; but since re-edified 
 by Anthony, earl Rivers, lord Scales, and of the Isle of Wight, uncle and governor 
 to the prince of Wales, that should have been king Edward V. k It is probable 
 also that other persons contributed towards its repair, for in a deed dated 12 Nov. 
 147 1 5 for an anniversary for Thomas, late lord Stanley, and John Crecy, late 
 a canon of St. Stephen's, the dean and canons voluntarily grant, that in con- 
 sideration of his laudable execution of his trust, and his ample benefactions 
 to the work of St. Mary in le Pew, an anniversary shall, at the same time, 
 also be kept for Thomas Powtrell, the executor of the said John Crecy. 1 
 That this chapel of le Pewe was possessed of some superior privileges, is 
 evident, from a deed dated 28 July, 1480, by which, in consideration of 200 
 marks, it is agreed, that the dean and canons shall provide a priest, not bene- 
 ficed, to say mass for the soul of Richard Green, master of arts, and the souls 
 of his parents, relations, and benefactors, at one of the three altars within or 
 near the chapel or oratory of St. Mary dc la Pewe, as it is commonly called, 
 the priest to have ten marks a year, payable quarterly. The reason for 
 choosing this place is stated to be, that the chapel of St. Mary de Pewa, 
 within the palace of W estminster, was a place of great devotion, by the fre- 
 quent attestation of miracles ; that it abounded with indulgences, as well for 
 
 k Register book. 1 Register book. " Stow, 1618, p. 893.— 1633, p. 524. 
 
 1 Register book. 
 
127 
 
 the benefit of the living, as for the relief of the dead, and particularly the 
 singular indulgence de scala dei, otherwise de scala coeli. m 
 
 It appears, from Dugdale's Baronage, vol. ii, p. 233, that the above- 
 mentioned Anthony, earl Rivers, by his will, dated the 23d day of June, 1483, 
 bequeathed his heart to be carried to our Lady of Pue, adjoining to St. Ste- 
 phen's college, at Westminster, there to be buried by the advice of the dean 
 and his brethren; and in case he should die south of Trent, then his body to 
 be also buried before our Lady of Pue aforesaid. Such lands, as were the lady 
 Scales's, his first wife's, he gave to his brother Sir Edward Wydvill, and to his 
 heirs male, and for want of such heirs male, to the right heirs of his father; 
 but directed that he, to whom they should come, should find a priest one 
 year at our Lady of Pue, to pray for the souls of those brothers and all Chris- 
 tian souls. He was, however, beheaded at Pontefract Castle, in Yorkshire, 
 in the same year 1483." 
 
 Strype, on the authority of Richard the third's Journal, mentions a war- 
 rant from Richard 111 to this tenor: Sir John Cave, priest," keeper of our 
 
 * Lady of Pew, an annuity often marks until the lime he be better promoted. ,p 
 
 A chapel of St. John the evangelist is also mentioned in the deed of 1394, 
 apparently near that of St. Stephen, though its precise spot is unnoticed. It 
 is however said in the New View of London, p. 652, that the room in Cotton 
 House, where the library was kept, was situate in the place supposed for- 
 merly to have been the private oratory of Edward the Confessor, and as one 
 of his patron saints was St. John the Evangelist,* 1 it is highly likely that this 
 chapel of St. John was the same building with the before-mentioned oratory. 
 If so, it must have been placed in that range of building in Cotton Garden, 
 
 m Register book. " Dugdale's Baronage, vol. ii, p. (2.33. 
 
 Fuller, in his Church History, says, there were more sirs than knights, which he explains in 
 this way. ' Such priests as have the addition of sir before their Christian name, were men not gra- 
 
 * duated in the university, being in orders, but not in degrees; whilst others, eutitulcd masters, 
 ' bad commenced in the arts. Note, that generally founders of chantries preferred priests not 
 ' beneficed to those places, as best at leisure constantly to attend the same' Fuller, book vi, p. ,'j.V2. 
 It was, probably, only a translation of the latin dominus, which in strictness means, when applied 
 to persons under the degree of knighthood, nothing more than master, or, as it is now written, 
 Mr. In the university persons would rank according to their academical degrees only, and there 
 was, consequently, no danger of confusion between baronets and knights and those bf the clergy, 
 but to preserve the distinction, which Fuller points out, it seems to have been thought neces- 
 sary to translate dominus, in this case, by the appellative Sir; lor had magister been used instead 
 of dominus, or had dominus been rendered master, non-graduates, to whom it had been applied, 
 would have been mistaken for magistri art i urn, masters of arts. 
 
 p Strype, book vi, p. 55. i Alured Rival It nsis inter Decern Scriptores, col.C97. 
 
128 
 
 which extended from the north side of the Painted Chamber, near its east 
 end, towards the south side of St. Stephen's chapel. The marks of this range 
 ot building, which has been pulled down, are still visible on the north side of 
 the Painted Chamber, and may be distinctly seen in Mr. Smith's view of that 
 part before inserted. Of this range of building the foundation wall extend- 
 ing from the Painted Chamber to St. Stephen's chapel was lately discovered 
 in making a new course for a drain to the Thames. It was of extremely hard 
 stone, and fourteen feet thick. This may be seen in Mr. Smith's interesting 
 plan of part of Westminster, before referred to, in which he has paid great 
 attention to these particulars. 
 
 From the lime of Richard II, it may be said, that no further intelligence 
 as to the increase of the buildings belonging to this foundation, or the re- 
 erection of any on spots occupied by former structures, has been found. It 
 is probable, however, that the intention intimated in the before-mentioned 
 Composition of 1394, of removing the old Chapter House from the south to 
 the north side of the chapel, and erecting, in this latter place, cloisters also, 
 was carried into effect, as well as the other design there also declared, and 
 which is known to have been completed, of building houses for the dean and 
 canons on the ground since denominated, from that circumstance, Canon 
 How. All that is known with certainty on the subject is, that a very short 
 time before the total suppression of this foundation the cloisters were rebuilt 
 on the spot where they are now remaining, and at the expence of 11000 
 marks, by Dr. John Chambers, the last dean,' who had been promoted to that 
 office in 1526. 5 At the same time he bestowed on the dean and canons for 
 ever, lands which he lived to see afterwards fall into the king's hands, on 
 occasion of the dissolution of this college;' for this, as a free chapel," being 
 comprehended in the statute of 1 Edward VI, was, together with other free 
 chapels also, suppressed, its annual revenues, at that time, amounting to 
 1085/. 106'. 5d. Its site, with the exception most probably of the chapel, 
 Avas granted 4 Edward VI, to Sir Ralph Fane, and in the sixth year of the 
 same reign, to Sir John Gate;" but the chapel was assigned for the sitting of 
 the House of Commons, who, previous to that time, had used for that pur- 
 
 r Stow, 1618, p. 893.— 1633, p. 524. 5 Wood's Fasti Oxon. edit. 1691, vol. i, col. 682. 
 
 1 Wood's Fasti Oxon. ibid. 
 
 u A free chapel is that which is perpetually maintained and provided for with a minister with- 
 out charge to the rector or parish ; or that which is free and exempt from all ordinary jurisdic- 
 tion. Wood's Institute, edit. 1724, p. 31. 
 
 x Tanner's Not. Mon. edit. 1744, p. 319- 
 
129 
 
 pose, by the permission of the abbot and convent, the Chapter House be- 
 longing to the abbey of Westminster/ 
 
 To these circumstances, Strype adds, that Philippa, the wife of Edw. Ill, 
 also was a great benefactor to the canons of this chapel; and, after enume- 
 rating, in general terms, some of king Edward I lid's donations, he also relates 
 that Richard II completed the full endowment of this college, by settling on 
 it divers lands and manors in Kent, according to the direction and desire of 
 his grandfather, in his testament. He further notices, that this chapel was 
 called the Free Chapel of St. Mary the Virgin and St. Stephen, and that the 
 dean was commonly of great confidence with the king, and often preferred to 
 some bishopric: such was, says he, Sampson bishop of Lichfield and Co- 
 ventry. 2 In this instance, however, Strype has been misled by bishop God- 
 win, who stiles this bishop Richard Sampson, doctor of laws, dean of the 
 king's chapel, and says he was promoted to the see of Chichester in 1537, 
 and translated to that of Lichfield in 1543; but Sampson never was dean of 
 the king's chapel, and Dr. Richardson has in a note corrected the error, by 
 stating he was dean of St. Paul's, London, Lichfield, and Windsor; made 
 bishop of Chichester in June 1536, and was permitted to hold the deanry of 
 St. Paul's with his bishopric. 1 
 
 Of this chapel of St. Stephen, Strype also farther remarks, that it was 
 richly endowed, but that the revenues were made away and alienated upon 
 the dissolution of religious houses: among which, he says, was a messuage 
 called the Helmet, in King's Street, belonging to it, which was granted to 
 Richard Audely, and John Rede in the 2d of Edward VI. There were also 
 certain manors and lordships belonging to it, called the manors and lordships 
 of Eshetisford, alias Asheford, in the county of Kent, which, with other lands, 
 were sold to Sir Anthony Auchcr, and Henry Polstred, Esq. in 2 Edw. VI. 
 
 ' Since the dissolution/ adds Strype, * the same chapel hath served as a Par- 
 ' liament House: the high Court of Parliament consisting of knights, citizens, 
 ' and burgesses of Parliament, was formerly in the Chapter House of the abbot 
 ' of Westminster; and this continued till the statute of 1 Edward VI, which gave 
 
 * to the king colleges, free-chapels, &c. whereby the king enjoyed to his own 
 
 * use this ancient free chapel of St. Stephen's. Since which it hath served, by 
 ' the king's permission, for the House of Commons to sit in.' b 
 
 y Coke, 4 Instit. p. 2, 255, edit. 1G44. Sir Christopher Wren's letter in Widmore's Hist, of 
 Westm. Abbey, p. 48. 2 Strype, book vi, p. 54. 
 
 ■ Godwin De Praesulibus Angliae, edit. Richardson, p. 342. b Strype, book vi, p. 54. 
 
 S 
 
130 
 
 In the greater part of this latter paragraph, or at least so much of it as 
 speaks of this chapel as a Parliament House, and of the high Court of Par- 
 liament, Strype is evidently mistaken; for, till he mentions the House of 
 Commons at the end, he appears to have conceived the House of Commons 
 as the whole of the Parliament. In his enumeration of the members of which 
 the Parliament consists, he omits all mention of the king and the House of 
 Lords, and he says that the high Court of Parliament was formerly in the 
 Chapter House of the abbot of Westminster, which is only true of the House 
 of Commons, when, for the more convenient dispatch of business, that branch 
 of the legislature separated from the other two in the time of Edward III." 
 
 After the dissolution, the prebendal houses of the dean and canons, in 
 Canon Row, were taken down : the whole of the ground there was con- 
 verted into a street, and other dwelling houses erected, which, in Stow's time, 
 were inhabited by several of the nobility and gentry, one of which then be- 
 longed ' to Sir Edward Hobby, another to John Thin, Esq. once stately 
 4 builded by Anne Stanhope, duchess of Somerset, mother to the earl of Hart- 
 4 ford, who now, says he, enjoyeth that house.' d ' Next,' he says, ' is a stately 
 
 * house then in building by William earl of Derby, over against the which is 
 
 * a fair house builded by Henry Clinton, earl of Lincoln ;' but against the 
 above-mentioned house of the earl of Derby, Strype, in his edition of Stow, 
 has put the date l603. e Speaking of Channel, or Canon Row, formerly, as 
 he says, called St. Stephen's Alley, as belonging to the dean and canons of 
 of St. Stephen's, Strype, book vi, p. 63, says, it afterwards became inha- 
 bited by divers of the nobility and gentry, having then good houses, with 
 gardens towards the Thames. • Among these was, he says, one belonging to 
 ' the earl of Derby, which was made use of in the reign of king Charles II 
 
 * for the Admiralty Office; now the greatest part being converted into dwel- 
 ' ling-houses, which are well inhabited, and bears the name of Derby Court, 
 
 * which goeth as far as the Thames, having a good freestone pavement, always 
 
 * cleanly kept, and lying something higher than Channel Row. The part not 
 
 * pulled down is a large dwelling-house, with a garden behind it to the Thames, 
 
 * called Derby House. Over against this house was another fair house be- 
 ' longing to Henry Clinton, carl of Lincoln ; also another large house belonging 
 
 * to the Mountagues, lately built into a very fine court, which hath a hand- 
 
 c They had removed to the Chapter House before 50 Edward III. Coke, 4 Instit. p. 255, 
 Maitland's Hist, of London, edit. 1756, p. 1281 .—Stow, \G33, p. 522. 
 
 d Stow, 1618, p. 48 ] .1633, p. 496. c Strype, book vi, p. 6. 
 
131 
 
 ' some freestone pavement, and good houses well inhabited, and bears the name 
 ' of Manchester Court, very pleasant towards the Thames/ He next mentions 
 Dorset Court, built on the place where Dorset House stood; and says of it, 
 * it is a very handsome open place, containing but six houses, which are large 
 4 and well built, fit for gentry to dwell in, of which those towards the Thames 
 ' have gardens towards the water side very pleasant/ f As the names of some 
 of these inhabitants and owners of houses serve to account for the appellations 
 of Derby Street, Dorset Court, Manchester Buildings, and others, borne by 
 some of the spots thereabouts, it was thought necessary to notice them par- 
 ticularly. In the year 1708, the bishop of Peterborough had an house in 
 Channel Row. s 
 
 Newcourt's list of the deans and canons of St. Stephen's chapel, given in 
 his Repertorium, vol. i, p. 746, &c. is so very defective, ending, as it does, in 
 the reign of Edward III, that it has been thought indispensably necessary to 
 insert here one more complete, into which will be incorporated all that New- 
 court has furnished on the subject, and the rest will be supplied from the 
 deeds, and other authentic instruments, as they appear in the Register book 
 before referred to, and from other documents of equal authority. 
 
 Thomas Cross, the first dean, appointed Aug. 20, 1348. h He died before 
 21 Jan. 1349/ 
 
 Michael de Northberg, appointed dean of the free chapel within the Pa- 
 lace of Westminster, 25 Feb. 1351, k and made bishop of London in April 
 1354/ 
 
 Thomas de Keynes, appointed 26 Nov. 1355. m He died before July 4, 
 1367," or rather before 20 June, in that year, as appears from the date of his 
 successor's appointment. 
 
 Thomas Rous, appointed June 20, 1367/ 
 
 William de Sleford, then a prebendary of this college, appointed May 17, 
 1369/ He was living in 1396, but is described as dead in a deed dated in 
 1399/ 
 
 f Strype, book vi, p. 6. b New View of London, p. 633. 
 
 h Pat. 22 Edw. Ill, p. 2, us cited by Newcourt, vol. i, p. 746. 
 5 Newcourt, vol. i, p. 746. 
 
 k Pat. 25 Edw. Ill, Part I, m.24. He is omitted by Newcourt and Browne W illis, and indeed 
 is no where in print mentioned as dean; but his appointment is here inserted on the authority of 
 the original Patent Roll itself, which has been inspected for this purpose. 
 
 1 Newcourt, Rep. vol. i, p. 18. m Pat. 29 Edw. Ill, p. 2, as cited by Newcourt. 
 
 n Newcourt, vol. i, p. 217- Pat. 41 Edw. Ill, p. 1, as cited by Newcourt. 
 
 p Pat. 43 Edw. Ill, p. 1, as cited by Newcourt. •> Register book, in a deed of that date. 
 
13<2 
 
 John Boor is named in the Patent Roll of 4 Hen. IV, Part II, m. 27, 
 as having been dean of the king's chapel, and predecessor of Richard 
 Kyngeston. 
 
 Richard Kingston occurs as dean of the king's chapel in the Patent Roll 
 of the first year of Henry IV/ viz. 1399- 
 
 Richard Prentys is spoken of as dean of the chapel of the king's house, in 
 ihe Patent Roll of 4 Hen. IV, 1403, and seems to have been then but lately 
 appointed. In the Patent Roll of 2 Hen. V, Part II, m. 38, he is also said 
 to have been the successor of Richard Kyngeston; but as in this latter 
 authority he is stiled late dean, and the name of his successor, Edmund 
 Lacy, is given as the then dean, it is evident he had at this latter time quitted 
 that situation. Newcourt, vol. i, p. 70, notices one Richard Prentys as being 
 archdeacon of Essex, in 1407, and one of the same name as vicar of Cla- 
 vering, in Essex, in 1430, which he resigned in 1441. He does not seem to 
 think them the same, nor does he hint that either of them was dean of St. 
 Stephen's; and yet the name, and the time of the first especially, agree so 
 well with the dean here mentioned, as to require to be observed. 
 
 Edmund Lacy appears, from the Patent Roll of 2 Henry V, 14 1 4, to have been 
 at that time dean of this chapel, and to have been Richard Prentys's successor. 
 
 Nicholas Slake, however, was dean in 1410/ as is manifest from a deed 
 dated in that year; but another of 1418' ascertains that in this latter year he 
 was no longer living;. 
 
 John Prentys is found, by a deed of 1419, to have been then dcan. u His 
 name occurs as dean in a deed so late as 1443;" and one John Prentys, pre- 
 bendary of Harleston, in St. Paul's cathedral, is mentioned by Newcourt, 
 vol. i, p. 175, as dying in 1445; but whether it was the same, is not noticed. 
 
 William Walesby. Stow mentions William Walesby, dean of St. Ste- 
 phen, to whom Henry VI gave the keeping of the clock at Westminster, with 
 the tower called the Clock House/ One William Walesby was rector of 
 Chelsey, in Middlesex, in 1443, and presented to it by the abbot and con- 
 vent of Westminster. He appears to have held that living till 1450, and then 
 to have resigned it. z 
 
 Robert Kyrkham is, in a deed in 1471, described as having been dean, 
 
 r Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 240. 
 
 ' Register book. The Patent Roll itself has been inspected, and so has the Register book, but 
 no method has yet been found of reconciling the contradiction. 
 
 1 Register book. "Ibid. x Ibid. 
 
 > Stow; 1618, p. 894. — 1633, p. 524. 7 Newcourt, vol. i. p. 585. 
 
133 
 
 but as being then dead. 3 Robert Kyrkham, prebendary of Brownswood, in 
 the church of St. Paul, London, is said by Newcourt to have been elected to 
 that in 1448, and to have died in 1471- b If this is the same, as probably it 
 is, he was made master of the Rolls in 146'2. c 
 
 Robert Stillington, chancellor of Wells, doctor of laws, and canon of York, 
 was, in 1460, made dean of the King's Chapel, and in 146*1, keeper of the 
 Privy Seal. He was afterwards archbishop of Canterbury. 11 
 
 John Alcocke, afterwards bishop of Ely, was, in 1461, dean of St. Ste- 
 phen's, says Newcourt; 6 but Dr. Richardson, in his notes on Godwin De 
 Praesulibus Angliae, p. 269, fixes it to the 29lh of April, 1462; and cites, as 
 his authority, Pat. 1 Edw. IV, p. 2, in. 28. He was made bishop of Ro- 
 chester 147 1/ 
 
 William Dudley, dean of the king's chapel, which can only, it is con- 
 ceived, mean this chapel of St. Stephen, succeeded in Eeb. 1472, to the pre- 
 bend of Brownswood, in the church of St. Paul, London, on the resignation 
 of John Alcock, which, in Nov. 1473, he resigned. 85 In 1476 he was still 
 dean of the king's chapel, and in that year was made bishop of Durham. h 
 
 Peter Courtney was certainly dean here in 1474, 1 and continued so to 
 17 Edw. IV, 1478, in which last year he was made bishop of Exeter, and 
 in the month of November, in that year, he was consecrated in St. Stephen's 
 chapel, Westminster i k 
 
 Henry Sharpe occurs as dean in a deed dated in 14? 8, and also in ano- 
 ther in 1480.' 
 
 William Smyth is mentioned by Newcourt as dean, but without any date 
 of election. It must however have been before 1492, as, in that year he was 
 promoted to tiie bishopric of Lichfield and Coventry, being then dean of this 
 chapel, and archdeacon of Surry." 1 
 
 Edmund Martyn Mas, as dean of St. Stephen's, a party to a deed in 
 1498," which is all that ha£ been found of him. 
 
 Henry V r II, in his will dated 10 April, in the 24th year of his reign, 
 1509, speaks of William at Water, as dean of his chapel. Wood says he, 
 in 1502, finds him to be dean of the King's Chapel, and that in 1.309 the 
 
 a Register book. b Newcourt, vol. i, p. 121. c Ibid. 
 
 d Newcourt, vol. i, p. 89. c Newcourt, vol. i, p. 121. 1 [bid. Mbitl. 122 
 
 h Newc. vol. i, p. 81. ' Register book. k Godwin De IVa^ulibus Anglias, p. 414. 
 
 1 Register book. m Newcourt,, vol. i, p. 821. G idwin, p. 323. 
 
 n Register book. . See his will, p. 12. 
 
134 
 
 then Garter king at arms, granted a coat of arms to him, by the name of 
 William Atwatcr, professor of divinity, of Davington, in Somersetshire, and 
 dean of the king's chapel. In the beginning of September 1509, he was 
 made dean of Salisbury, and in November 1514, bishop of Lincoln. p 
 
 John Foster is as dean of St. Stephen's a party to a deed in 1509- q 
 
 Thomas Hobbes. Newcourt, vol. i, p. 191, inserts one Thomas Hobbes 
 as one of the prebendaries of St. Paul's, a situation which he resigned in 1509- 
 He speaks also of one of the same name, who, in 149^, was warden of All 
 Souls' College, Oxford/ Wood, he says, thought he was dean of St. Stephen's 
 chapel, Westminster, and fixes his death in 1510, s but this does not agree as 
 to time with the dean of St. Stephen's. 
 
 When Cardinal Wolsey, in 1515, received his pontifical hat, Dr. Vecy 
 was dean of the king's chapel, and he read the bull on that occasion. 1 
 
 And John Chamber, the last elected, in 1526. 
 
 Strype, book vi, p. 54, speaks of Sampson, bishop of Lichfield and Co- 
 ventry, as dean of this chapel, into which error he was led by bishop Godwin, 
 who stiles him dean of the king's chapel ; but Dr. Richardson says, he was 
 dean of St. Paul's, Lichfield, and Windsor," and, in fact, he never was dean 
 here, as Dr. Chamber was the last." 
 
 p Wood's Athen. Oxon. vol. i, col. 563. i Register book. 
 
 r Newc. i, 747- * Wood's Fasti. Oxon. 
 
 * See the ceremonial among the collections at the end of Fiddes's Life of Cardinal Wolsey, 
 p. 202. u Edit. Richardson, p. 342. 
 
 x Browne Willis's List of the Deans of this chapel, inserted in his History of Abbies, vol.ii, 
 p. 135, which he professes to have taken from Newcourt's and Wharton's collections, is very erro- 
 neous, not only as to the omission of names, but also as to the dates of those he has noticed ; it 
 is, nevertheless, thought better to give it, with the omission only of some circumstances of descrip^ 
 tion of the deans, and their preferments, not material here. 
 
 Thomas Cross became first dean by grant from Edw. Ill, dated 20 Aug. 1348. He died before 
 21 Jan. 1349. 
 
 Thomas de Keynes had this deanry given him 26 Nov. 1355. He died hefore July 4, 1367. 
 Thomas dc Rous had a grant of this dignity 20 June 1367. 
 
 William de Sleford, a prebendary of this college, to whom the king gave the deanry thereof, 
 May 17, 1369. 
 
 Nicholas Slyke, alias Sluke, was dean of this chapel, Dec. 8, 1413, as was 
 Robert Kirkeham, an. 1468, in which year I find, says he, 
 Roger Sharpe enjoyed this dignity, Feb. 14. 
 
 Henry Sharpe occurs dean, an. 1480. His successor, about the year 1485, was 
 
 John Alcock, afterwards bishop of Ely, and predecessor, as I take it, says he, to 
 
 William Smith, LL. B. the founder of Brazen-Nose College, in Oxford. He enjoyed this 
 
135 
 
 The prebendaries given by Newcourt are, of course, more numerous, but 
 do not come down lower. The first he mentions is 
 
 John de Chesterfield : he was appointed to the first prebend in this chapel, 
 Aug. 20, 1348, and to another in the same chapel, June 20, 1356, which 
 Oct. 4, 1358, was granted to Rob. de Elmeham, as void by the death of this 
 John de Chesterfield. 
 
 John de Maydenstone had the second, Aug. 20, 1348. 
 
 John de Buckingham the third, Nov. 20, 1348, and was again collated to 
 a prebend in St. Stephen's chapel, Westminster, Dec. 3, 1355/ 
 
 Roger de Chesterfield the ninth, Mar. 9, 1348, and on Dec. 3, 1355, he 
 was collated to another prebend in this chapel. He died before Nov. 11, 
 1367 ; for then one of his prebends here was given to John de Dursteyn, as 
 void by his death. 
 
 Walter de Weston had the sixth prebend, Jan. 15, 1349- 
 
 Brocas Bernard the seventh, Aug. 8, 1350. 
 
 William de Roth well the eighth, Sept. 1, 1350, and again July 30, 1356. 
 Henry de Greystock the fourth, March 18, 1350. 
 
 Ralph de Brantingham had one prebend in this chapel, granted him 
 March 24, 1350, and the king ratified him in it Dec. 20, 1356. 
 
 Martin de Ixning had also a prebend given him here, April 1, 1351. 
 
 Wm. de Lambhith the twelfth prebend, Jan 16, 1351, but he died before 
 Nov. 14, 1361, as the king then granted it, as void by his death, to Henry de 
 Snayth. 
 
 Wm. de Uuntlow had one prebend given him, Nov. 26, 1356, which the 
 king afterwards gave to Reginald de Hillingdon, Nov. 3, 1366. 
 
 Wm. de Tiddeswell one prebend given him, July 20, 1356, which the 
 king afterwards, Oct. 13, 1361, bestowed on John de Blakeley. 
 
 Ja. de Beuford a prebend given him, July 30, 1356. 
 
 Wm. de Cosyngton a prebend, Aug. 22, 1356. 
 
 Wm. de Walecote had another given him, July 30, 1356, which the king- 
 afterwards gave to John de Hermusthorp, 16 Feb. 1362. 
 
 dignity, an. 1492, on his promotion to the see of Lichfield, and, probably, till his preferment to 
 that of Lincoln ; but how long after I know not, says he. 
 
 John Chambers was dean of this college about the year 1.52(3. He died in 1549, and was the 
 last dean. Willis's Hist, of Abbics, vol. ii, p. 134. 
 
 In favour of the list in the text, it is to be said, that the names and dates are many of them 
 taken from the entries of deeds in the Register book, others from the Records there cited, and for 
 the rest, the authorities from which they were furnished are given. ' Newcourt, i, 174. 
 
136 
 
 John de Blakeley, appointed to the prebend which Wm. de Tiddesvvell 
 had, 15 Oct. 1361. 
 
 Henry de Snayth, in like manner, succeeded to the twelfth prebend on 
 the death of Will, de Lambhith, Nov. 14, 1361. 
 
 Rob. de Elmham had the first prebend granted him, Oct. 4, 1358, as void 
 by the death of John de Chesterfield. The king also gave him the other pre- 
 bend, which the said John de Chesterfield had in this chapel ; which prebend, 
 or the first the king afterwards gave to Wm. de Mulsho, March 9, 1364. 
 
 Richard de Chesterfield had that prebend granted him, Nov. 24, 1360, 
 which James de Beau ford before had. 
 
 John de Swynley, in the. same, manner, succeeded Wm. de Cusantia, 
 deceased, Aug. 6, 1361. 
 
 John de Hermusthorp, appointed to Wm. de Walecote's prebend, Feb. 16, 
 1362. 
 
 Wm. de Mulsho to Robert de Elmham's, March 9, 1364. 
 
 Rich, de Ravensore to John de Hermusthorp's, Jan. 22, 1364. 
 
 Alexander de South to John de Swynley's, Feb. 20, 1366. 
 
 Nich. de Sheldon to Rich, de Chesterfield's, Oct. 14, 1366. 
 
 Reginald de Hillingdon to Wm. de Huntlow's, Nov. 3, 1366. 
 
 John de Durstein had, Nov. 11, 1367, one of the prebends given him, 
 which Rog. de Chesterfield had, but which had become void by the death 
 of the said Roger. 
 
 John de Heale succeeded in the said prebend, and had licence to ex- 
 change it with Wm. de Denby, for the custody of the hospital of Gretham, 
 Aug. 28, 1372. 
 
 Rich, de Shaw had Wm. de Mulsho's prebend given him, 11 Sept. 1368, 
 and the king's licence to exchange it with Rich, de Bokelby for a prebend 
 of Windsor, Jan. 8, 1375. 
 
 Adam de Chesterfield, Wm. de Sleford's prebend granted him, May 17, 
 1369, void by the promotion of the said Wm. Sleford to the deanry. 
 
 John de Derby had the same prebend, which Alexander de South had, 
 given him, June 17, 1370. 
 
 Wm. de Beverley succeeded to John de Derby's, which was granted to 
 him Jan. 9, and again Feb. 26, 1370. 
 
 Tho. de Swaby succeeded on Nicholas de Sheldon's death to his prebend, 
 March 1, 1370; and on 20th of the same month had licence to exchange the 
 same, for a prebend in the church of Lichfield, with Thomas West. 
 
137 
 
 Thomas West succeeded Swaby, and his prebend became void by his 
 death, Aug. 17, 1376, when the king gave it to Rob. de Kesteven. 
 
 Richard de Blokelby, by virtue of the king's licence, dated Jan. 8, 1375, 
 exchanged his prebend of Windsor with Rich, de Shaw for his prebend in this 
 chapel. He died before March 1, 1376, for the king then, on that event, 
 gave this of St. Stephen's to Nic. de Salisbury. 
 
 Rob. de Fereby had, Feb. 3, 1372, that prebend given to him which John 
 de Hermusthorp had in this chapel; and on March 23 following had the 
 king's licence to exchange the same with Tho. de Midelton, for the rectory 
 of Littlebury, in Essex. 
 
 Tho. de Midelton, by virtue of this, became also a prebendary of this 
 chapel. 
 
 Rob. de Kesteven succeeded Thomas West, Aug. 17, 1376, in his prebend, 
 void by the death of the said Thomas West. 
 
 Nicholas de Salisbury had Rich, de Blokelby 's prebend given him 
 March 1, 1376, void by the death of the said Richard de Blokelby. 2 
 
 To this list Newcourt ought to have added Thomas Stapelton, or Stapel- 
 ford, or, as he is also called, Thomas de Stapelford, who is stated to have 
 been chaplain to a chapel near St. Stephen's, which he resigned ; and it was, on 
 erecting the new collegiate chapel of St. Stephen, annexed to that college: in 
 consequence of this, Thomas Stapelford, the chaplain, was made a canon of 
 St. Stephen's, but his prebend seems to have become vacant in 1356. 1 
 
 William de Sleford was also one of the original canons, but the exact 
 time of his appointment is not known. He was, however, made dean in 1309, 
 and his prebend was given to Adam de Chesterfield. b 
 
 In 1394 the dean and canons were: 
 
 Thomas Sleford, dean. 
 
 Win. Hanney. John Henle}\ 
 
 Thomas Mid il Ion. Giles Wenlok. 
 
 Ralph Kesteven. Wm. Wynterton. 
 
 Nicholas Saresbury. John Wenlyngburgh. 
 
 Wm. Gaynesburgh. Rob. Foulmere. 
 
 Wm. Galaundre. Wm. Beverley/ 
 
 1 Newc. Rep. vol. i, p. 747, &c. * Newcourt, vol. i, p. 7.30. 
 
 b Newcourt, Rep. vol. i, p. 747, 749. 
 c See a deed of Composition ot* that date, between the abbot and convent of Westminster and 
 the dean and canons of St. Stephen^ the contents of which have been already stated. 
 
 T 
 
138 
 
 Of whom Sleford, Midilton, Kesteven, (whom he calls Rob. dc Kcsteven), 
 Saresbury, and Beverley, are the only ones noticed by Newcourt; and of their 
 successors, the following are the only names which it has been found possible 
 to recover. 
 
 Rob. de Elmham, already noticed, is mentioned as dead in a deed dated 
 1374." 
 
 John de Blokley is so described in one dated in 1399/ 
 
 Adam de Chesterfield in one dated 1410/ 
 
 John Ware in another of 141 l. s 
 
 Thomas Orgrave in another of 1425/ 
 
 Henry Merston was living in 1427, 10 Hen. VI. 5 
 
 Rob. Fulmere, in two deeds, one dated in 1430, the other in 1448, is 
 mentioned as dead. k 
 
 John Preston dead in 1430.' 
 
 Nicholas Dixon living in 1430." 
 
 John Breeche living in 1432, 10 Hen. VI." 
 
 Wra. Prestwyk dead 1443.° 
 
 William Falan living in 146*3. p 
 
 John Crecy dead in 147 1/ 
 
 John Wylle dead in 1478/ 
 
 Richard Friston dead in 1478/ 
 
 John Browne dead in 1498/ 
 
 Wm. Chauntre dead in 1498/ 
 
 Besides these, the names of Aynsworth, a canon and benefactor, Benedict 
 Burgh, a canon, and Richard Hatton, a canon, occur in the list of obits, and 
 anniversaries, before inserted, but without any dates, or further particulars. 
 Benedict Burgh is, however, known to have died in 1483." One Richard 
 Coren, or Corwyn, canon of the king's college in Oxford, and of the king's 
 chapel of St. Stephen, at Westminster, took the degree of doctor of divinity 
 at Oxford, in 1531, and died about the latter end of 1542/ John Marlow, 
 or Merlow, of Merton College, afterwards treasurer of the cathedral church 
 of Wells, and canon of the king's chapel within the palace of Westminster, 
 
 d Register book. e Ibid. 'Ibid. s Ibid. h Ibid. 'Ibid. 
 
 k Ibid. 1 Ibid. m Ibid. n Ibid. Ibid. 
 
 * Mentioned in the Will of Margaret Wroughton, formerly Swift. See before, 
 s Register book. r Ibid. 5 Ibid. 'Ibid. "Ibid. 
 
 x See before. r Wood's Fasti Oxon. edit. 1691, vol. i, col. 681. 
 
139 
 
 also took that of master of arts at Oxford in 1527- He died in Oct. 1543. z 
 And it appears from Parker, De Antiquitate Britannicae Ecclesiae, edit. 
 Hanoviae, 1605, p. 288, that one Lodovicus, or Lewis, a member of the chapel 
 of St. Stephen, Westminster, but of what rank in it is not mentioned, was the 
 bearer of a golden rose, sent in the year 1446, in solemn embassy from pope 
 Eugenius [the fourth] to Henry VI, and which the said Lewis delivered in 
 the presence of the archbishop of Canterbury, then chancellor, and the arch- 
 bishop of York, John Kemp, a cardinal, and also of the dukes of York and 
 Exeter. 
 
 On this custom of sending a golden rose as a present from the pope to 
 sovereign and other princes; it may be necessary to say a few words, in order 
 to render it intelligible. Du Fresne, in his Glossary, art. Rosa aurea, says, 
 that on that Sunday in Lent, on which the hymn beginning Laetare, Jerusa- 
 lem, is sung, the pope is accustomed to bless a golden rose, which he, after 
 mass, carries in procession, accompanied by the Roman clergy; and then 
 gives it to some great prince, if any such is present at the court of Rome, or 
 sends it to some king or prince, as the pope, with the advice of the sacred 
 college, pleases. For this he refers to the Roman Ceremonial, in which he 
 says may be found the prayers at the benediction, and also some particulars 
 as to its signification. In 1163 pope Alexander is related to have sent to 
 Lewis king of France a golden rose, which that pope had carried on the 
 Sunday on which Laetare, Jerusalem, is sung. a The same kind of rose this 
 pope Alexander conferred on Lewis king of France, when he went to that 
 king at Paris, says Du Fresne, after having referred to the passage in Radul- 
 phus de Diceto, for the explanation of the custom. Fie says also, that in 
 1177, when that pope was at Venice on that day, he carried, according to 
 custom, a golden rose to the great altar of the church of St. Mark, and after- 
 wards gave it to the Doge of Venice. When Joan, queen of Sicily, and 
 Peter, king of Cyprus, came to Rome, in the time of pope Urban V, and 
 were there on the Sunday Lsetare ; Jerusalem, on which it was customary for 
 the pope to give a golden rose to some person of high rank then at that 
 court; the pope made a present of il to this Joan, queen of Sicily, in pre- 
 ference to the king of Cyprus. Du Fresne closes his article with remarking, 
 that an old inscription shews it was anciently customary to make presents of 
 
 7 Wood's Fasti Oxon. edit. l6Q\, vol. i, col. G?0 
 
 * Radulphtts de Dicfcto, inter Decern Sciijptoies, col. 511. 
 
140 
 
 roses on a man's birth-day. Hoffman, in his Lexicon, art. Rosa aurca, says, 
 the Sunday on which Lsetare, Jerusalem, is sung, is the fourth Sunday of 
 Lent; and that the pope and cardinals then wear rose-colour dresses, in 
 token of joy. He adds, that the date of the original introduction of the cus- 
 tom is uncertain, but that it prevailed in the time of Leo IX, who was pope 
 in 1050. He says that the reason of the custom is not ascertained, that the 
 rose, which is the daughter of spring, is certainly a symbol of joy, but that 
 the ancient Christians engraved the image of a rose on their sepulchres as a 
 symbol of this transitory life, and that the ancient Romans, in their testa- 
 ments, ordered roses to be strewed on their graves. He also notices, that it 
 was customary to make presents of roses on a man's birth-day. 
 
 The names of some, at least, of the members of this college, about the time 
 of its suppression, may be collected from Browne Willis's History of Abbies, 
 vol. ii, p. 135, where he says, that in 1553, there remained in charge paid out of 
 the revenues of this late college, 39/. in annuities, and the following pensions: 
 
 
 /. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 
 38 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 
 18 
 
 17' 
 
 4 
 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 Thomas Robynson (prebendaries). . 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 G 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 I. s. d. 
 
 John Fountaine 6 
 
 Robert Skyres 6 
 
 Hugh Shepie 6 
 
 Wm. Clerke 4 6 4 
 
 John Ruckle (chantry priests). .... 213 4 
 
 To John Virley 6 13 4 
 
 Wm. Crosse (vicars) 6 13 4 
 
 Thomas Clerke 2 13 4 
 
 Nicholas Roodes 2 13 4 
 
 Thomas Gilberte (choiristers) 2 13 4 
 
 To John Lane, late one of the mi- 
 nisters 2 
 
 It may not be uninteresting or useless here to enquire into the origin of 
 that union of the higher and lower orders of members which now prevails in 
 the constitution of parliaments. Originally, in this country, parliaments were, 
 in fact, nothing more than great councils; nor was it till the seventeenth year 
 of king John, A. D. 1215, that any traces of its constitution, as it now stands, 
 have been found. b In that year, however, as Sir William Blackstone has ob- 
 served, it seems to be marked out by the great charter, granted by that prince, 
 in which he promises to summon all archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and 
 
 b Blackstone's Com. vol. i, p. 149. 
 
141 
 
 greater barons, personally, and all other tenants in chief under the crown, by 
 the sheriff and bailiffs, to meet at a certain place, with forty days' notice, to 
 assess aids and scutages when necessary. These, the same author says, are 
 the first traces which remain of the separation of the greater barons from the 
 less in the constitution of parliament; but he notices, that it was omitted in 
 the great charter of Henry III. Towards the end, says he, of the latter of 
 these reigns, we find the first record of any writ for summoning knights, 
 citizens, and burgesses, to parliament; but in another place he is more par- 
 ticular, and affirms, i This constitution has subsisted, in fact, at least from the 
 * year 1266, 49 Henry III, there being still extant writs of that date to sum- 
 ' mon knights, citizens, and burgesses to parliament/ d 
 
 Sir Edward Coke has remarked, that anciently both houses sat together; 
 and this appears to have been the case at least so late as 6 Edward III. So 
 long as this practice prevailed, the Commons seem to have had no continual 
 speaker, but after consultation they agreed upon some one of them, that had 
 the greatest aptitude for the present business, to deliver their resolution, 
 which was found productive of delays, and thereupon the two houses were 
 divided. The surest mark of the time of the division of them is, as he says, 
 when the House of Commons at first had a continual speaker, as at this day 
 it has. After the division, he adds, the Commons sat in the Chapter House 
 of the abbot of Westminster, 6 citing as his authority the parliament Roll of 
 the 50th year of Edward III, numb. 8, and which, consequently, proves the 
 division to have taken place before this date. Sir William Blackstone f says, 
 that in the reign of Edward III the parliament is supposed, most probably, 
 to have assumed its present form, by a separation of the commons from the 
 lords, and that the statute for defining and ascertaining treasons was one of 
 the first productions of this new-modelled assembly, and the translation of 
 the law proceedings from French into Latin another. The statute of treason 
 was passed 25 Edward III, 6 and that for the translation of law proceedings 
 into Latin in the 36th year of the same king. h 
 
 In the possession of the earl of Buchan, a few years since, was a copy 
 from an ancient limning, formerly in the College of Arms, London, repre- 
 senting Edward I sitting in parliament. On a throne, at the upper end, 
 
 c Blackstone's Com. vol. iv, p. 418. d Ibid. vol. i, p. 149. e Coke, 4 Institute, p. 2, 2.3,5. 
 1 Comm. vol.iv, p. 421. E Wood's Institute, edit. 1724, p. 341. 
 
 b Blackstone, vol. iv, p. 318, edit. 4to, 170*8. 
 
142 
 
 sits the king, with his name and arms over his head ; on his right, but 
 on a lower seat, Alexander king of Scots; and on his left, on a seat of the 
 same height with this last, Llewellyn, prince of Wales: both distinguished 
 like Edward himself, by their names and coats of arms over their heads. 
 Beyond king Alexander, but on a lower seat, is placed the archbishop of 
 Canterbury ; and beyond Llewellyn, on a lower seat likewise, the arch- 
 bishop of York, both of whom have their coats of arms placed over their 
 heads. A woolsack lies cross-wise of the house; and on it, in front of the 
 throne, are four persons sitting, evidently the chancellor, the two chief 
 justices, and the chief baron of the Exchequer, or, in other words, the four 
 chief judges of the four courts of law. Two other woolsacks are placed 
 at right angles with the former; and, on each of them, sit four persons, no 
 doubt, intended for the other eight judges. Another woolsack is placed 
 cross-wise of the house; and contains four other persons silting with their faces 
 towards the throne, but uncovered; and who these are it is not easy to say. 
 Behind these persons, and with their faces towards the throne, are two per- 
 sons standing uncovered, with something like open papers in their hands, 
 apparently clerks. And behind these clerks, is a cross bench on which sit 
 seven persons covered, all with their faces towards the throne, in gowns, or 
 robes; but the right hand man appears to sit higher than the rest, and has on a 
 black gown, and a chain round his neck. Each side of the room contains two 
 benches at right angles with the throne : those on the left have two bishops 
 and five peers on one seat, and seven peers on the other; and at the upper 
 end of the front bench of these two, and, on a separate seat, which stands for- 
 warder, sits the prince, the son of king Edward, afterwards king Edward II. 
 
 The mitred abbots are placed on the other or right side of the house, and, 
 on the bench nearest the wall; six of them on that bench, and thirteen more 
 on a return which it makes at right angles, so as to come behind the above- 
 mentioned bench, containing the seven persons: and on a bench on the right 
 hand side of the house, reckoning from the throne, and just before the six 
 rnitred abbots, sit six bishops. Other attendants are also introduced, such, 
 as a nobleman uncovered, bearing a sword, who stands behind, near prince 
 Edward; and also an herald uncovered, near this last nobleman. Between 
 Alexander king of Scots, and the archbishop of Canterbury, but farther back 
 than either, and separated from the rest of the house by their seats, stands a 
 man in a gown, but uncovered, with a roll of parchment in his hand. In a simi- 
 lar situation, between Llewellyn prince of Wales, and the archbishop of York, 
 
143 
 
 stand two persons covered, it is true, but apparently, from their station, no 
 members of the house, because they are divided from it by the seat, or 
 covered bench, on one end of which that prince sits. 
 
 Excepting in the two instances of the cross benches, one with the four, 
 and the other with the seven persons before mentioned, there is no difficulty 
 in ascertaining the different ranks of the members or persons represented. 
 Who the former might be, there is no circumstance to decide, but there seems 
 some reason to think that the seven persons were the lesser barons, or what 
 answered to the present house of commons; and that of them, the figure in 
 black, with a chain round his neck, was their speaker, whose office, at that 
 time, was apparently much the same as that of the now foreman of a jury, to 
 collect their opinions individually, and to declare the result collective^, in 
 the name of the whole body. 1 
 
 From the limning in lord Buchan's possession, a print is given in Pinker- 
 ton's Iconographia Scotica, and from an examination of that print the above 
 particulars have been obtained. 
 
 Inconvenience in the dispatch of public business must, no doubt, have 
 been found from the distance, so long as the commons continued to sit in the 
 Chapter House of Westminster Abbey, which, situated as it is, in the east 
 cloister of that abbey, must, without all question, have been too far removed 
 from the room in the old palace on the east side of Palace Yard, where the 
 lords were silting. And this inconvenience could not have been small, or 
 but rarely felt, when it is considered how frequently, in the transaction of 
 parliamentary business, it is necessary for one house to send to the other, 
 either bills originating with, and passed by themselves, or messages to signify 
 their concurrence to such bills as had been transmitted to them by the other 
 house. No wonder, therefore, a building so conveniently situated as the 
 
 ' A cut, nearly similar, representing the parliament, or rather the house of lords, as sitting in 
 the time of cardinal Wolscy, is given in Fiddes's Life of Wolseyj p. 284, accompanied with an 
 explanation by Anstis, Garter king at Arms. The cross bench, containing the seven persons, is by 
 him termed a continuation of the barons' bench, the other part of it being close to the side wall 
 of the house, and behind the earls' bench. lie explains the man with the chain round his neck, 
 sitting on the right hand of the other six, as being the prior of St. John of Jerusalem, and 
 remarks, that the commons are represented as standing at the bar. In this respect the cut de- 
 scribed in the text differs from that inserted b}' Dr. Fiddes, for it contains no such representation : 
 if the bench in question, therefore, was not meant, as it probably was, for the commons, who, jn 
 the time of Edward I, were, as now, a branch of the legislature, and had not then separated 
 from the lords, as they afterwards did, they must be considered as omitted in the drawing from 
 which the print was taken, which is, by no means, a likely conclusion. 
 
144 
 
 present House of Commons, should have been thought of for the purpose; 
 nor is it extraordinary that it should since have continued applied to that use, 
 though, considering its original destination, it was rather to have been wished 
 that a structure erected for the service of religion should, in some way or 
 other, have been still appropriated to a similar purpose, or, at least, that some 
 use could have been found for it more closely allied, than the present, to its 
 original intention. 
 
 In what manner it was at first fitted up for this purpose, is no where dis- 
 closed, but it is supposed that the paintings, if at that time uncovered 
 and exposed to view, were, on that occasion, wainscoted up; for in the seal 
 for the Court of Common Bench at Westminster, 1648, that for the Com- 
 mon Pleas for the county Palatine of Lancaster 1648, the Parliament seal, 
 1649, and the Dunbar medal, l650, k the walls are represented with a plain 
 wainscoting. However, it appears, that about the year 1651, the walls 
 were covered with tapestry hangings, probably to conceal this wainscot- 
 ing; for they are so given in the perspective view of the House of Commons, 
 on the back of the great Seal of the Commonwealth of England, 1651 :' and 
 in this manner they continued to be decorated down to the time of queen 
 Ann, in whose reign Sir Christopher Wren was employed to repair the build- 
 ing, and refit up its inside with galleries. Mr. Onslow, when speaker, has 
 been heard to say, he remembered the tapestry hangings being up, and 
 that every new parliament a new set used to be provided, the housekeeper 
 claiming, on such an occasion, the old hangings as her fee. Since this 
 period no alteration of any consequence, either external or internal, has 
 taken place in this building; only a trifling change having been made in the 
 form of the turrets, and a few variations at the east end, which may be easily 
 traced from the different views inserted in this work: nor, indeed, has it called 
 for any other attention than, from time to time, a few repairs of small import- 
 ance, and the repetition, at different periods, of painting and white-washing. 
 But, in the year 1800, the number of members of the House of Commons 
 being increased from 558 to 658, in consequence of the Act of Parliament for 
 uniting the two kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, the building itself was 
 thought too small for their reception. The original side walls, between the 
 piers, were three feet thick, and it was therefore found that by erecting on 
 the same foundation, but so as to range with the external extremity of the 
 
 k Medals, Coins, Great Seals, and other Works of Thomas Simon, engraved and described by 
 Geo.Vertue, 4to. Lond. 1780. 1 Ibid, 
 
145 
 
 old, other walls, of less dimensions, as being only one foot thick, the build- 
 ing might be considerably enlarged internally, and sufficient room be ob- 
 tained: and this plan was accordingly determined on. 
 
 On removing the wainscoting, as a preparatory step to taking down these 
 walls, a discovery was made, of which no one had any suspicion, namely, that 
 the stone walls had been originally painted with a variety of subjects, and 
 that many of them were still in such a perfect state as to admit of their being 
 copied and engraven. By what good fortune, and exertions of industry and 
 skill, the proprietor Mr. Smith has been enabled thus to lay them before 
 the public, has been already stated in the Preface, and needs not therefore 
 to be repeated ; but it is requisite for the information of such persons as did 
 not see them during the short time they remained, and for recalling them 
 to the remembrance of those who did, minutely to describe of what these 
 paintings, and other ornaments, consisted, and how they were placed; in 
 order to give each class of readers a satisfactory idea of them, which cannot 
 be better done than by a particular examination of the building itself, and its 
 various decorations. 
 
 For the better understanding its external appearance, at different periods, 
 it has been judged proper to give more than one outside view, and on each 
 of these it will be necessary to make some remarks. The first, taken in 1S03|, 
 from the top of the balustrade of Westminster Bridge, exhibits a correct 
 view of Westminster from the east, and ascertains the connection of the edi- 
 fice with the adjoining buildings. The next, from a drawing by Mr. Tho- 
 mas Sandby, which was, at the time when the print was engraven, the 
 property of his brother Mr. Paul Sandby, but which has since been given by 
 him to the proprietor, exhibit a very perfect idea of what the east end was 
 after Sir Christopher Wren had repaired and altered it, and before the tur- 
 rets were again altered by Sir William Chambers. In the third, which occurs 
 on the same plate, and which was taken from an unique drawing most kindly 
 and liberally presented to Mr. Smith, by Sir James Winter Lake, Bart, are 
 seen the east end of the House of Commons, the top of the square bell-tower 
 belonging to St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster Hall, with a beacon upon its 
 south pinnacle, and Westminster Abbey, as they were about the year 1722. 
 This is evident, from the circumstance of the scaffolding represented at 
 the end of the North cross of Westminster Abbey, for the repair of that 
 part, and for putting up the great circular window, which was erected at the 
 expence of bishop Atterbury. At the south corner, at the end of the row of 
 
 u 
 
146 
 
 trees, is a passage, now Parliament Place, leading down to the water from 
 Old Palace Yard, and into this passage Guy Pawkes, the conspirator in the 
 Powder Plot, in 1605, as soon as he had set fire to the train, was to have 
 made his way, and taken water at the end here represented, where a boat 
 was to have been waiting to carry him cross to Lambeth ; but of late years 
 this passage has been stopped up by a wall erected cross it. From the 
 fourth, which is the south side of the House of Commons, as seen from the 
 roof of the Painted Chamber, an accurate idea may be obtained of the 
 appearance of the original spandrils of the windows, and of that part since 
 the alteration ; adjoining it, at the north-west corner, is the south end of 
 Westminster Hall, and at the south-west, the side of the Court of Requests, 
 now the House of Lords. But the fifth, on the next page, is taken from the 
 frontispiece to the second volume of Nalson's Impartial Collections of the late 
 troubles in England, Scotland, and Ireland, folio, London, l6'83, and requires 
 some further explanation. The original frontispiece is in folio, but is here 
 reduced to a quarto page. This, however, is sufficient to shew the state of the 
 building, for which purpose alone it was inserted. In the distance, in the 
 original, is a vessel, with sailors in it, who are in the act of throwing into the 
 river a person in the habit of a king; and that this alludes, emblematically, 
 to the transactions in this kingdom in the reign of Charles I, cannot, from 
 the title of the book, be doubted. That the building here represented is the 
 House of Commons, is equally plain ; the exact correspondence of the upper 
 part of the window, with the sill of the window, and the bottoms of the 
 mullions, as lately "discovered, in the building itself, would, without any other 
 adventitious circumstance, be sufficient evidence of the fact: but it is acknow- 
 ledged, in some verses that accompany the cut, to be the House of Com- 
 mons. It shews, therefore, the state of the upper part of the building, at 
 the east end, a little prior to 1682 ; but the lower part is concealed by the 
 heads of the persons who are there placed, and who seem assembled for the 
 purpose of observing what passes in the distance.* 
 
 k In the course of the year 1806, a scaffolding having been raised at the east end of this build- 
 ing for the alterations that have been since made, the means were then afforded of measuring all 
 its parts. This has been verv accurately done by Mr. Smith, who has not only been enabled to 
 describe minutely the several members as they were at that time, but who has also ascertained 
 from the remnants of mouldings which had been cut through, what was its original appearance. 
 From these measurements and discoveries, and from what has been handed down by the preceding 
 authentic views, containing many parts which are known to have been of the period of Edw. Ill; 
 two geometrical views have been engraven by Mr. Smith, one of which exhibits the east end, 
 
To describe the building more particularly-, it must be said, that it is of 
 an oblong shape, and measures about ninety feet in length, by about thirty 
 
 before the last alterations, and the other gives a combined view of many parts of the same end, as 
 they appeared in the reign of Edward III. These prints are intended to enrich the topogram 
 phical part, of this work ; and arc to be had of Mr. Smith, at the address mentioned in the title 
 page, price 7 s. Od. the pair. 
 
148 
 
 in width, internal measure, having externally, at each corner, an octagonal 
 tower. It consists of five windows on each side about twelve feet six inches 
 wide, and between each a pier of about five feet six inches in width, formed on 
 the outside into a flying buttress, nearly three feet six inches thick, and extend- 
 ing in the whole about ten feet from the wall of the building. It contained 
 likewise two stories: the height of the upper story, now the House of Com- 
 mons, from the floor to the top of the battlement of the cornice, just under the 
 springing of the roof, was about forty -two feet; and the height of the under 
 chapel, before the ground was raised, was about twenty feet, making together 
 sixty-two feet. In the lower, which was on the same level with the pave- 
 ment of the street, was formerly the chapel of St. Mary in the Vaults ; but part 
 of it has been enclosed to contain a stove for warming the House of Com- 
 mons above; part is used for other immaterial purposes; and the greater part 
 of it now constitutes the Speaker's state dining-room. This lower part corres- 
 ponded with the upper in the size, at least as to breadth, of the windows and 
 piers on each side, excepting that the first compartment on the south side 
 reckoning from the west, instead of a window, contained a door- way leading into 
 that spot since called Cotton Garden; and of this an internal view has already 
 been inserted in the same plate with two views of the Painted Chamber and 
 some other subjects. Internally this door-way was richly ornamented with 
 vine leaves, and had originally, on each side, two columns ; one only of these, 
 on either side, is remaining, with the capital, however, of the other, which 
 sufficiently shews there was another column. In width it is three feet nine 
 inches; and its height, from the present pavement to the crown or top of the 
 arch, is six feet one inch ; but as it is evident that the pavement has been 
 raised about four feet, this door-way must originally have been so much 
 higher from the ground, though, at present, the spring of the arch, or bottom 
 of the capital, is but three feet and an inch from the ground. On the outside 
 it had no ornament, and therefore, very probably, opened into the cloisters, 
 which, it is conjectured, ran at that time, close by the east side of the Court 
 of Requests, but which, since their being rebuilt, were on the north side 
 of St. Stephen s chapel; for that there were at one time cloisters, and a 
 chapter-house on the south side of that chapel, and, consequently, on the 
 spot here mentioned, is clear from a deed in 1394, already noticed, in which 
 the chapter-house is described as situated on the south of that building, and 
 an intention is intimated of erecting anew both that and the cloisters on a 
 piece of ground on the north side. To this Chapel in the Vaults there was, 
 
149 
 
 it is supposed, another door on the north side, which, when they were built, 
 as they afterwards were, on the north side, came into the new cloisters at the 
 south east corner, where is now the entrance-door to the Speaker's state 
 dining-room from the present cloister. At the west end of the whole build- 
 ing, it is also imagined, there was a similar vestibule to that above, be- 
 cause the deed of 1394, before referred to, speaks of the vestibules above and 
 below; and also an entrance to this lower chapel from the street. 
 
 The height of the centre of the ceiling of this lower part from the ground, 
 is, at present, about sixteen feet, but it is evident that the ground has been 
 raised about four feet; and the piers between the windows consisted of a 
 cluster of nine short columns, from one of which on each side sprung the 
 arches, within which the windows were placed. On the other columns of 
 this cluster rested those groins, or ribs, which, uniting with a cross rib from 
 the centre of the top of each window, and also with a rib continued longi- 
 tudinally from end to end of the building in the centre of the ceiling, contri- 
 buted to form the vaulting. These columns, even before the raising of the 
 ground, and including their base and capital, probably, did not exceed six or 
 seven feet in height, as the arch above them measures in height twelve feet of 
 the sixteen mentioned above as the whole present height of the ceiling from 
 the ground. The east end of this under chapel had, it is conceived, a window 
 at the same height as the rest from the ground, and under that was, very likely, 
 the altar. It is probable that this under part of the building was originally 
 divided into two by a partition from north to south, as, on enlarging the 
 Speaker's state dining-room to its present size, by taking down a chimney- 
 piece at its west end, a very old oak door, curiously painted and gilt, with 
 door-posts and hinges, was found in the wall. It was in such a direction as 
 to make it likely it had been originally there placed in a partition which 
 at one time had run quite cross from north to south; and of this door, as it 
 then appeared, an engraving is inserted in a plate, which will be given in a 
 future page. 
 
 The upper part, or, in fact, the chapel of St. Stephen itself, was accessible 
 one way by means of a staircase in the dark passage which lalely led from the 
 south-east corner of Westminster Hall, the door- way to which is now stopped 
 up. This staircase consisted of thirty-two steps, and led, through another 
 arched door-way at the top of those steps and at the north end of the ves- 
 tibule, leading into St. Stephen's chapel. A corresponding door-way, at the 
 
150 
 
 south end of this vestibule, led into the Court of Requests, through its north 
 east corner. 
 
 At the south-west and north-west corners of this vestibule were two arched 
 door-ways fronting the west, from which, as it is supposed, were two flights 
 of steps into the street. Of these last door-ways one leads into the lobby 
 at the norlh end of the Court of Requests, now the House of Lords, and 
 so to the passage to the modern staircase belonging to the committee-rooms 
 leading into Old Palace Yard. The other, till very lately, when in conse- 
 quence of the alterations it was discovered, had been several years con- 
 cealed by some comparatively modern rooms at the back of the Court of 
 King's Bench, and was then only disclosed to be destroyed in order to make 
 a staircase to the apartments of the housekeeper of the House of Commons. 
 Mr. Smith made a drawing of this arch and its ornaments, from which the 
 plate on the opposite page has been engraven. The two small heads below 
 are front views of those employed as brackets to support the arch, and are 
 supposed to be representations of Richard II and his queen; for it will be 
 found from some accounts inserted hereafter, that it was erected in the 18th 
 year of that king's reign. This vestibule was, in fact, no part of the building 
 itself, and seems only introduced for the purpose of serving as a landing-place 
 to the staircases and steps from below, in consequence of which, it is observ- 
 able, that this staircase comes into the vestibule, not within but on the out- 
 side of the chapel, which, exclusive of the vestibule, is of the exact size of 
 the chapel underneath. 
 
 Like that, also, the upper chapel appears to have had a door-way at its 
 west end, and one in each of its north and south walls. That in the south, 
 from its being painted and gilt with the arms of England and France, very 
 likely was the royal entrance from that range of rooms, part of the old palace, 
 which has been before spoken of as joining the Painted Chamber, and 
 extending northwards. 
 
 In viewing the building internally, as it is now, and indeed as it has 
 been for a great length of time fitted up, it loses considerably of its real, 
 in its apparent length, for the lobby, which is now separated by a parti- 
 tion from the house itself, was, in fact, originally part of the chapel, and 
 will be found on examination to occupy the space of two of its five win- 
 dows on each side. At the west end of the chapel, and, consequently, 
 adjoining the present lobby, was and is the small vestibule before mentioned. 
 
f-ona<m.fti6/is/irrf as f/tr ^ict cbrftfj /"January JB04.ly./o/inTh<mui* SnnT/iL V3t>.^Ve>rman S/rrft.Px/'orii Jtrw/ 
 
151 
 
 The west front of this vestibule was formed by a very elegant stone screen, 
 still existing, which used to be visible from the staircase erected by Sir Chris- 
 topher Wren. This screen is even now to be seen on one side of the lobby 
 to the present House of Lords, into which that staircase has of late been 
 converted ; and was, it is supposed, originally, the exterior wall of the build- 
 ing, and therefore open to the street. The arched door-way at the south 
 west corner of the vestibule still leads, as before, to the House of Commons ; 
 but that at the south end of the vestibule has been lately stopped up and 
 converted into a recess, which serves as a waiting place for the person who 
 takes care of the great coats of the members of the House of Commons. 
 
 From each of these two door-ways towards the west, in the front of the 
 screen to the vestibule, was, it is imagined, a flight of steps into the street; 
 and the space between these flights of steps might, probably, have been oc- 
 cupied by a door-way, or entrance, to the vestibule of the under chapel. 
 
 To this idea as to the external appearance of the Chapel at the west end, 
 it may, perhaps, be objected, that the supposition of a flight of steps from 
 the two arches in the screen, is scarcely consistent with the level of the floor 
 of the present Court of Requests, lately converted into an house for the 
 lords, and the other adjoining rooms; supposing, as was apparently the case, 
 their floors at that time to have been at the same height as now from the 
 ground, for that the present passage itself runs through the southernmost of 
 those two arched door- ways; and if there had been originally a descent of 
 steps in that place, there could have been no room for any access to the 
 Court of Requests at that end. But to this it may be answered, that there 
 is no evidence to shew, that except in the instance of the door from the south 
 end of the vestibule of St. Stephen's chapel, there ever was any other door 
 at the north end to the Court of Requests; the three doors till lately exist- 
 ing there, of which the middle one now only remains, were designed by Sir 
 Christopher Wren; and the original entrance to that room from the street, is 
 conceived to have been at its south end; and that a flight of steps from the 
 street, at that time, led to it. 
 
 As to the interior part of the Chapel, it is to be observed, that with 
 the exception of the space for the altar, which was a plain stone projec- 
 tion, all round the chapel, against the wall, Avere two seats, of Purbeck 
 marble, one above the other; each about a foot high, and of the same 
 width. These were discontinued only where openings for doors, or entrances 
 from other apartments, were necessary, and on the uppermost of these 
 
152 
 
 scats, rested the base of those columns by which the piers were formed. 
 The piers were, in fact, half an octagon, and stood within the Chapel, three 
 sides of which were visible, clear of the wall, and the rest was in the wall 
 itself; and at each of the angles was a cluster of three columns, 1 reaching 
 from the plinth before mentioned, up to the spring of those internal arches 
 which enclosed the tops of the windows. Of these the front columns were 
 in height twenty-five feet and an half, and about two inches and six-eighths 
 diameter. The side ones were one inch five-eighths in diameter; 1 " and on 
 the capitals of these columns those internal arches rested. The flat sur- 
 face of the pier between the two clusters of columns in front, was again 
 subdivided into two, by one column of like size and pattern with the large 
 one of the three at the angles : and in each of these subdivisions, at about 
 fourteen feet from the floor, was the figure of a knight in armour, painted 
 on the wall, with his arms, or symbol, emblazoned in proper colours on his 
 shield and banner; and the name of the person under it." 
 
 As the capitals of this cluster, though ranging exactly in height with 
 those from which the arches over the windows sprung, did not appear to have 
 had any stone ribs springing from them, it is probable they were intended to 
 support the timber brackets and groins of a roof, which it is likely might 
 resemble that of Westminster Hall. 
 
 Above the tops of the windows ran an entablature, consisting of an 
 architrave, on which were carved in stone, grotesque faces or masks, foliage, 
 and shields of arms; over that was an open frieze, surmounted with battle- 
 ments : and all these parts were as exquisitely painted and gilt as those nearer 
 the eye. 
 
 Under each of the side windows, at the height of about twelve feet from 
 the floor, was a frieze projecting about a foot, so as to range with the face of 
 the pier. This frieze was surmounted with battlements similar to those at 
 the top of the building, and had under it an architrave formed by a receding 
 hollow, and upon this cavetto, or hollow, were painted in their proper colours 
 the arms of the royal family and several of the nobility, and others, bene- 
 
 1 See the print hereafter inserted, exhibiting the appearance of the Chapel under one of the 
 windows. 
 
 m The form and size of them all were regulated by an equilateral tiiangle. See it repre- 
 sented in the Specimens of Sculpture, Plate II, hereafter inserted. 
 
 ■ The only two of these figures, which were sufficiently perfect when discovered, are given in 
 a subsequent plate in this work. 
 
153 
 
 factors, no doubt, to the Chapel, or contributors to the expence of its erec- 
 tion. Of this frieze the open parts had been filled with stained glass, con- 
 taining flowers, and diapered ornaments of various colours; and it is supposed, 
 that when this Chapel was lighted up, lights were placed behind these parts. 
 The whole entablature, consisting of the architrave, frieze, and battlements, 
 which served as a cornice, was formerly supported by eight insulated columns, 
 which had, however, when the paintings were discovered, been broken 
 away, but originally stood on the upper seat. p Behind these eight columns 
 the wall, which was also the side wall of the Chapel, was divided into 
 four compartments by three clusters of columns, consisting of three each; 
 and on each of these divisions was painted on the wall a figure of an angel, 
 about five feet high, with wings composed of peacock's feathers, holding 
 an extended piece of drapery before him, on which were represented, in some 
 instances, the device of two doves, in others that of a spread eagle, in others 
 elephants and castles, in others griffins or dragons, and in others pelicans. 
 Of this frieze, and the other particulars above described, a perfect idea may be 
 obtained from the representation given in the opposite plate, which was engraven 
 from a correct drawing made by Mr. Smith immediately after removing the 
 wainscot: it is to be observed, that it has a door- way which occupies the space 
 of three of these eight columns, and also the spaces between them ; but, in other 
 instances, where there was no door-way, they were as before described. Above 
 this lower frieze, and on the flat surface of the wall of the building, between 
 that frieze and the bottom of the window, were painted, in eight compart- 
 ments, historical subjects from the Scriptures, and the legends of the saints, 
 with verses over them; but these paintings and inscriptions were, in many 
 cases, so much mutilated that they could not be copied. Of some of these the 
 subjects are known ; that at the west corner, in the upper range under the 
 first window from the altar, on the south side, was the marriage of Canaan ; 
 and, together with the other seven, in a mutilated state, is accordingly repre- 
 sented in the opposite print. Another of these subjects, which came from a 
 similar situation under the fifth window from the altar, on the south side, 
 representing the martyrdom of St. Eustace, by enclosing him in a brazen bull, 
 and roasting him with fire underneath, is to be seen in the print of Cotton 
 
 p Part of the shafts, capitals, hases, and plinths of these columns will he found given in Plate II 
 of Specimens of Sculpture, hereafter inserted in this work. 
 
 X 
 
154 
 
 Garden, "Westminster, lying among the fragments; near which lies also ano- 
 ther fragment, containing an inscription which had been over a similar paint- 
 ing; parts of two other such inscriptions, comprizing the end of the lines in 
 one, and the beginning of those of the other, were found painted on one and 
 the same stone, and are here inserted as a specimen : 
 
 merito beneficia Christi Hii fide ferven 
 
 it sic dispersos simul vn it Aras polluta 
 
 quos crcdentes sibi c rev it Hinc rait 
 
 et hinc vide qua; vada poscunt Quos inbet a 
 
 Another of these paintings, on the north side, in a similar situation, and 
 directly opposite to the marriage of Canaan before mentioned, Avas a repre- 
 sentation of the Destruction of Job's Children,' 1 as related in the first chapter of 
 Job ; under it was an inscription, part of which was (but it must be incorrect) : 
 
 ven : domus implfu vehemen 
 Under another was an inscription beginning with this line. 
 
 Sophar anaamatites : parat isolamia lites. 
 
 This line puzzled several persons when first it was discovered, and among 
 them was a gentleman who, in a quibbling kind of way, declared that he was 
 certain so fa?; that there was no such word as Sophar. Now Eliphaz the 
 Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite, were Job's three 
 friends/ and are repeatedly so mentioned throughout the book. Susanna, 
 and the Elders, was another subject, but much mutilated. 
 
 Of this lower open frieze before mentioned, the construction is so very 
 ingenious, that it was thought not unworthy of some pains to ascertain the 
 principle 5 on which it was formed; and which, after due examination, turns 
 put to be this. The frieze consisted of blocks, containing each three greater 
 squares; each of these squares was divided into six, perpendicularly; and the 
 extreme divisions were again subdivided into four breadths, which gave the 
 breadths for the fillets, or lists. A similar method was pursued horizontally, 
 which completed the border all round. By drawing lines from each of the 
 upright and horizontal divisions, sixteen squares were left in the centre; four 
 
 i Mr. Smith is indebted to his steady friend Mr. John Cranch, of Kingsbridge, in Devonshire, 
 for pointing out the subject of this painting, which had eluded the skill of several persons; he is 
 also under obligations to the same Gentleman for his kindness and assiduity in copying several 
 ancient records in the British Museum, contained in this work. r See Job, chap, ii, v. 11. 
 
 5 Mr. Smith also feels himself under acknowledgments to Mr. Robert Wynne, for his assistance 
 and ingenuity displayed in the analysis of this beautiful frieze. 
 
London Pufrtaked ' astke^ict dzrec-fo IfVanuary l#05.Z>v Jo/m Thtmzeu S?>u'ik. 36, ^Acwnian Street, O.vfbre? Sireei. 
 
155 
 
 circles, therefore, being struck, each containing four of those squares, gave 
 the curve for the ornaments in the centre; and their extent towards the centre 
 was regulated by one of the small squares placed diagonally in the centre of 
 the whole. The centres for striking the external sweep of the fillets were 
 found, by setting off one of the small squares on the outside of the great 
 squares, at the distance of one small square and an half from the corners of 
 the great square'; and the internal sweep is produced from the centre of the 
 great square. The openings between the battlements were in width one 
 third of the great square, and the width of each battlement two thirds. It is 
 evident that the principle of thirds was attended to in the construction of the 
 whole, for two sixths each way horizontally, and perpendicularly, are occu- 
 pied by the fillets, and four sixths each way left vacant: and two sixths 
 are equal to one third, and four sixths to two thirds. The openings of the 
 battlements are one third of the great square in width, and the width of 
 each battlement two thirds. The opening between the battlements is also 
 two thirds of their height. For the better explanation of this description, an 
 outline and finished engraving of this frieze and its battlements, are given in 
 the opposite plate, from which it will be easy to trace the several divisions 
 and proportions above mentioned. In this plate the frieze is one fourth of 
 the size of the original; and of this beautiful frieze the principle is found, 
 from this examination, to be so very simple, that a common mason, Avho 
 knows how to draw a circle or square, is sufficiently qualified to describe 
 the construction of all its ornaments and decorations. 
 
 The three clusters of Purbeck marble columns, of three columns each, 
 which separated the painted figures of the angels, as before mentioned, are 
 supposed originally to have been continued up at the back of the frieze, and 
 between the paintings under the windows, and also to have formed or regulated 
 the mullions for the windows; but at the time when the discovery of these sub- 
 jects was made, no such mullions, or continuation of the columns was found 
 above the frieze. On the contrary, its appearance was exactly as given in the 
 plate at page 153, and Mr. Smith did not think himself justified in introducing 
 what he did not find, or supplying, by his own conjectures, what he supposed 
 to be wanting;' nor has he in this, or in any other instance, represented what 
 
 r It is an invidious task to point out errors in a publication on the same subject. A resolution, 
 was therefore formed, at one time, not to notice any that might occur in the plates published by 
 the Antiquarian Society. But, as in their engravings, some parts, not existing at the time of the 
 discovery of these paintings, have been supplied, aud other* introduced which never were there 
 
156 
 
 he did not see in the originals. Probably, as being projections, they were 
 removed, when Sir Christopher Wren fitted up the House of Commons, for 
 the erection of the gallery, which is still there, just above the lower frieze. 
 That this lower frieze was not also removed was owing to this circumstance, 
 that the ranges of seats for the members commenced from under the gallery, 
 and the first seat rested on the top of the frieze ; and so extending to the floor, 
 in a sloping direction, the paintings of the angels, and the seats of Purbeck 
 marble, were preserved. 
 
 In the same view of the several paintings under the window next the altar, 
 in the south side, a stone arched door-Avay is seen, leading, no doubt, origi- 
 nally from the chapel to some other contiguous apartments of the old palace. 
 Its jambs were painted on the sides with the arms of England and France, 
 alternately, in square compartments ; and two elbows, one on each side of it, 
 projected forwards into the Chapel, which formed a termination to the Pur- 
 beck marble seats. Both sides of one of these elbows, on the north of the 
 Chapel, is given at the top of the plate entitled, Specimens of Sculpture, 
 Plate I, which will occur hereafter. Adjoining to this door-way, towards 
 the west, was a flat surface of wall of ten inches, on which was painted a 
 Stand, and on the top of this Stand were represented a bason and spoon gilt. 
 On another flat surface, adjoining the former, but more towards the west, 
 and which last forms one of the sides of the half-octagon pier, was painted 
 a whole-length figure of a youth, with a thuribulum, or incense pot; and on 
 the pier,'at the south-east corner of the Chapel, another youth, with a taper, 
 as represented in the plate. 
 
 On the same pier, in the south-east corner of the Chapel, and about six- 
 teen feet from the ground, was a stone bracket, measuring about three feet and 
 an half high; and from the marks of holes for cramps on the other piers, at 
 about the same height from the ground, it is probable, that similar brackets 
 were placed against them all. 
 
 at all, it is become absolutely necessary, for protecting the present work from a censure which it 
 does not deserve, to mention the following circumstances. The outlines of some of the figures, 
 particularly that of the king holding a casket in his hand, are not correct ; for instance, a right 
 hand is introduced, which was not there at the time when the wainscot was removed ; and a dove, 
 at the top of the sceptre, is totally omitted, which was there at that period : but this latter cir- 
 cumstance is accounted for, by their drawing having been made alter the dove had been, by some 
 means, obliterated. The columns too have been continued up behind the frieze to the sill of the 
 window, which did not appear when the discovery was made, although it is evident they were there 
 formerly. Moreover, the lower frieze is continued through the piers; which was not the fact. 
 
157 
 
 Of this large bracket a representation is given on the opposite plate, to- 
 gether with pieces of painted glass of the size of the originals, with which its 
 different compartments were richly inlayed, increasing the brilliancy of the 
 Chapel when it was illuminated. At the height of about seven feet above this 
 bracket, in some instances, were found cramp holes in the piers ; and it is there- 
 fore likely that brackets, at one time, supported large whole-length figures, 
 and that the upper range of cramp-holes were those which supported cano- 
 pies over the heads of those figures; but no such canopies were found. The 
 bracket before described, and also a corresponding one against the pier in 
 the north-east corner, have been preserved to this day, to bear , in part the 
 present roof of the building; for a strong upright piece of oak is placed be- 
 tween their bases and the ground, and a similar piece of oak is conducted 
 from their tops, till the timber reaches the spring of the roof, so that they 
 form a material part of its support. It is to be observed that the roof and 
 ceiling of the House of Commons are not original, and that its present struc- 
 ture allows of apartments between them, which are inhabited by the house- 
 keeper. 
 
 In the eastern wall, between the altar and the south-east pier, was a recess, 
 which was probably intended as a place wherein the person who offieiated 
 might occasionally seat himself, and which was decorated with paintings. 
 On the south side of this recess were two paintings, one above the other. The 
 uppermost subject was that of the Angels appearing to the Shepherds, an en- 
 graving from which is given in this work. The lower was a single female 
 figure, kneeling, in the act of prayer: her dress resembled that of queen 
 Philippa on her monument in Westminster Abbey. It was, probably, in- 
 tended for Margaret, countess of Pembroke, the youngest of the five daughters 
 then living of Edward III ; for it is certain that these paintings are of the time 
 of Edward III. Five figures, similarly dressed, are painted on the east Avail 
 of the Chapel, which, most likely, were intended for the queen and her other 
 four daughters. 
 
 On the east side of this recess, close to the painting of the Angels appear- 
 ing to the Shepherds, and on the same level, was a representation of the 
 Adoration of the Shepherds. Next to the Adoration of the Shepherds, was 
 that of the Purification; 5 and in the same range were, in like manner, painted 
 three figures of priests in rich dresses: but these last were too much mutilated 
 
 6 See plates of these three subjects inserted afterwards. * 
 
158 
 
 fo be copied at large, the lower parts of their dresses only remaining: 
 Under the mutilated figures of the three priests, and the painting of the Puri- 
 fication, was a range of four female figures kneeling, with coronets on their 
 heads, and under them an inscription in French; but both that and the 
 figures were too imperfect to be given separately. From the dress of these 
 figures, which, as was said, resembled that of queen Philippa on her monu- 
 ment, it is probable they were intended for her, and four of her five daughters 
 then living; Isabel, duchess of Bedford; Mary de Coucy, wife of Robert de 
 Bar; Philip, Avife of Rob. de Vere duke of Ireland; and Mary duchess of 
 Bretagne. Margaret, the fifth, has been already described. 
 
 The lower Purbeck seat was continued on the east side of the chapel 
 also, leaving only a vacancy in the centre for the altar, or communion table, 
 which was merely formed by a plain stone projection from the wall of about 
 two feet and an half. No carving; seems ever to have been bestowed on 
 the altar, which, considering the superabundance of expence in the deco- 
 ration of the other parts, may seem extraordinary, till it is observed that the 
 altar thus left unadorned, was covered with costly and splendid hangings of 
 tapestry, or embroidered velvet; because it appears, that in January, 1477, 
 on occasion of the marriage of Richard, duke of York, with lady Anne 
 Mowbray, daughter and heiress of Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, St. 
 Stephen's Chapel was richly hung. 1 The richness of the paintings on the wall 
 near this part, contrasted with the manifest plainness of the altar, naturally 
 leads to this conclusion, that its meanness was totally concealed by the 
 occasional use of hangings, not inferior in expence or beauty to the other 
 ornaments, among which they were to be placed. 
 
 Between the altar and the north east pier, was found on the wall the 
 remains of a figure of the Virgin seated in a chair, with the infant Jesus in 
 her lap. Behind the chair were the foot and lower part of the dress of ano- 
 ther figure, apparently intended for Joseph ; and in front of the Virgin was 
 a figure kneeling to her and the child, with its right hand stretched out to- 
 wards a crown lying on the ground at the Virgin s feet. This last figure was 
 followed by a king with a crown on his head, and a sceptre on his right side, 
 which had been supported by his right hand, before it was mutilated; in 
 which state it was found immediately on the removal of the wainscot. In 
 
 1 Sandford's Genealogical Hist. p. 391. 
 
159 
 
 his left hand he bore an ornamented casket; and behind him were attend- 
 ants, much mutilated. On the same level with the king, but on an angle 
 which formed a part of the north east pier, was an attendant holding a white 
 horse, which was manifestly intended as a part of the same composition. From 
 these circumstances, no doubt can remain that the subject was the Adoration 
 of the Kings; and there is no reason whatever to suppose that the figure of the 
 king Avas designed as a portrait of any one. It certainly cannot be Edward III, 
 because it is a young man without a beard; nor does it at all resemble the 
 figure of that king, which is painted underneath, and will be spoken of here- 
 after. Richard II it could not be, for these paintings are of the time of Ed- 
 ward III. Of the king, in this picture of the Adoration of the Kings, the 
 only one of these figures sufficiently perfect, an engraving will be given fur- 
 ther on in this work. Under these figures, viz. of the Virgin, the one kneeling 
 with his right hand extended towards a crown, and that of the king, which 
 occupied the whole space from the altar to the north-east pier, was a range of 
 armed knights, kneeling, corresponding with the range of females on the other 
 side of the altar, and having, like them, a French inscription under them, but 
 in too mutilated a state to be made out, except that under that nearest the altar 
 were the words St. George, and under the next, with a crown on his head, 
 were the words le Roy, evidently pointing out this last to be the king of that 
 time, and, consequently, Edward III. The figure of St. George had a cross 
 on his surcoat, painted in the same manner as that in the first shield of arms 
 nearest the altar, on the frieze on the north side of the Chapel. As these figures 
 corresponded in number, being seven in the whole, there is little doubt that 
 they were intended for St. George, Edward III, and his five sons then living, 
 viz. Edward the Black Prince, Lionel duke of Clarence, John of Gaunt duke 
 of Lancaster, Edmund of Langley duke of York, and Thomas of Woodstock, 
 afterwards duke of Gloucester; the last of whom, as being born only in 1.3.5.3,' 
 was so young, that he is represented as kneeling on a kind of pedestal, to 
 make him range in height with the rest. Over the figure of the king, and 
 ranging in height with the stone bracket placed against the north-east pier, 
 was a mutilated painting representing a bishop, nearly six feet high; and 
 under the bracket was painted a figure in a blue dress, and witli a long beard. 
 On the sloping side of the north-east pier farthest from the altar, oc- 
 
 Sandibrd's Gencal. Hist. p. 227. 
 
160 
 
 curred another painting like that on the south-east pier ; of the same size, 
 and at the same height from the ground : the subject of which was a youth 
 holding a wax taper. The whole appearance of the east end may be easily 
 collected from the two views of the north-east and south-east corners of this 
 Chapel already inserted, which were taken immediately after the wainscot 
 was taken down. 
 
 In disposition and arrangement the north side corresponded with the 
 south, excepting only that the door in the north wall, which probably led 
 into some adjoining room, used as a sacristy, or vestry, was not exactly oppo- 
 site the door-way on the south, but about one foot nine inches nearer to 
 the altar. 
 
 On the second pier from the altar, on the north side of the chapel, were, 
 two figures of knights, Eustace and Mercure; and an engraving of these is given 
 in this work. In short, the walls of this chapel were painted and gilt from 
 top to bottom. Four sorts of stone, at least, were used in building this chapel ; 
 viz. Purbeck marble, Roch Abbey stone, Free- stone, and Caen stone. The 
 walls were all of Free-stone; the piers Caen stone; the columns and the two 
 seats round the Chapel, and also the door- ways, were of Purbeck marble; 
 and the friezes and carved parts were Roch Abbey stone. 
 
 Of this very beautiful and magnificent building it is not too much to 
 say, that no edifice, existing at the time of its erection in any part of the 
 world, can, in any degree, be compared with it; nor is it supposed that any 
 of later times can be produced at all equal to it in point of splendor of 
 decoration; unless, indeed, it may be the church of St. Peter at Rome. The 
 church of Santa Sophia, at Constantinople, now a Turkish Mosque, and 
 therefore scarcely accessible, is commended, and deservedly, as it seems, 
 [from the representations of Grelot," who procured admission, at the risque 
 of his life/ and whose fidelity has been well attested,]' for its internal beauty 
 and splendor, arising from the ornaments in mosaic a on its walls; but it 
 cannot, it is imagined, be justly deemed, in this respect, a rival to the Chapel 
 of St. Stephen, because it does not appear that any historical compositions, 
 or other subjects of painting, excepting only a few single figures on the inside 
 
 x Relation Nouvelle d'un Voyage de Constantinople. 4to. Paris, 1680, p. 154. 
 y Ibid. p. 139, Sec. z See the attestations which follow his Address to the Reader. 
 
 * Ciampini De sacris iEdificiis, fo. 1693, p. 166. 
 
161 
 
 for an arch, not exceeding four in the whole, were represented on its walls, 
 which seem rather to have resembled a tessellated pavement. Our Lady's 
 Chapel at Loretto, whenever it was erected, was little known before the year 
 1464, when pope Pius II made, in person, an offering to it of a golden cup: b 
 but, in comparison of this Chapel of St. Stephen, which is about ninety feet 
 long, by about thirty wide, and forty-two high, that of Loretto is extremely 
 diminutive; as being only-thirly-one feet and three quarters long, thirteen feet 
 and about three inches wide, and eighteen feet and three quarters high, except 
 in the centre of the roof, where it is five palms, or about three feet six inches 
 more, reckoning a palm and a half equal to thirteen inches/ Kcysler, who 
 saw it Lj 1730, says, the walls seem to have been formerly plastered with 
 mortar, part of which, with the portrait of the virgin Mary and a group of 
 angels painted on it, is still remaining ; d but he afterwards mentions the mean 
 appearance of the walls within. 6 A marble case incloses the whole, designed 
 by Bramante, begun in 1514, and finished in 1538, at the expence of twenty 
 thousand ducats; exclusive of twenty marble statues, and four brass doors 
 erected since, which must have cost an immense sum/ 
 
 Of the Church within which this Chapel, and its case or enclosure also 
 stand, the walls were, he says, covered with multitudes of pictures and votive 
 pieces, some of wood, others of wax, or brass; but besides the coarseness of 
 the performance, and meanness of many of them, they very much darkened 
 the church, and therefore, in 1673, the greater part of them were removed, 
 and the silver and gold tablets employed to better uses. g He then speaks of 
 the vestry on the south side of this great Church, which vestry is particularly 
 appointed for those priests who officiate in the holy house, or Chapel; and 
 says, that the paintings in it are by Raphael, Andrea del Sarto, Parniegiano, 
 Frederico Baroccio, Cuido, Mutiano, Tinloret, Paolo Veronese, Tearini, 
 Schidoni, Cantorino, and Fanelli ; and that the cieling of the adjoining 
 saloon, or treasury, was painted by Pomeranio. h After mentioning the trea- 
 sure contained in this apartment, consisting of jewels and other offerings, and 
 worth many millions, but whether of pounds or scudi, [crowns] by which he 
 often reckons, he has not said, he proceeds to remark, that this prodigious 
 treasure has been accumulated within these three centuries; for that in 14) 
 
 b Keysler's Travels, edit. 8vo. Lond. 1760, vol. iii, p. 180. c Ibid. p. 181. 
 
 d Ibid. p. 187. c lbiJ. f Jbid. p. 188. * BbM. p. 105. " Ibid. p. 1 r j6. 
 
 Y 
 
162 
 
 all the gifts and donations belonging to the santa Casa, or Chapel, amounted 
 to no more than six thousand ducats. The clergy here allow, adds he, that 
 the annual revenue of the Casa santa, from lands, and other settled funds, 
 amounts to twenty- nine or thirty thousand scudi, or crowns, exclusive of pre- 
 sents and offerings, a sum, of course, not exceeding 750/. of English money, 
 or thereabout.' Estimated, as it is, at so late an aera as 1730, this is far 
 short in value of that of St. Stephen's chapel, which, in 1546, the year of its- 
 dissolution, amounted to 1C85/. 10s. 5d. k and, consequently, in 1730, must 
 be estimated considerably higher, considering the difference, in the mean 
 time, in the value of money. 
 
 Like those of Becket's shrine at Canterbury, mentioned by Erasmus, the 
 riches of Loretto consisted not in ornaments or decorations of the build- 
 ing, but in the value of the jewels, and other presents, from individual 
 votaries; and these were, in 1730, so numerous and splendid, that Keysler 
 declared they could not be viewed without astonishment. 1 Those from 
 Becket's shrine, at Canterbury, at the Reformation, are said to have filled 
 two chests so large and ponderous that eight strong men could hardly carry 
 each, and in them was nothing of less value than gold; m and Erasmus, who 
 saw them a few years before, speaks of it as a more than regal spectacle, 
 from the immense number and beauty of its jewels." If what is related by 
 John Piggot, as cited by Stow, be correct, and there seems no reason to ques- 
 tion it, that the image of our Lady, in the Chapel of our Lady in the Piew, 
 ■was, at the time when it was burnt, in 1252, [1452°] richly decked with 
 jewels, precious stones, pearls, and rings, more than any jeweller could judge 
 the price ; p it should seem that the Chapel of our Lady in the Piew, forming, 
 as it did, a part of the possessions of the dean and canons of St. Stephen's 
 Chapel, was far from being deficient in point of similar contributions, though 
 the particulars have not been ascertained. It is equally probable, that 
 when this Chapel of our Lady in the Piew, which was subordinate to the 
 principal Chapel of St. Stephen, was itself so rich in benefactions, as from 
 Piggot's account above, it appears to have been, this latter also had been 
 benefited by voluntary oblations of the same kind, to an amount propor- 
 
 1 Keysler's Travels, edit. 8vo. Lond. 17G0, vol. iii, p. 204. k See before. 
 
 1 Travels, vol. iii, p. 197. » Erasmi Colloquia, edit. 1693, p. 440, in a note. 
 
 D Ibid. p. 440. See before. p Stow, lGlS, p. 893. — 1633, p. 5'24. 
 
163 
 
 tionate to the rank which it held in that foundation, of which it was the 
 principal feature. 
 
 If Erasmus, therefore, Avas so struck, as he professes himself to have 
 been, q at the sight of the jewels belonging to Becket's shrine; and Keysler, 
 on viewing those of our Lady of Loretto, what would, in all probability, have 
 been their sensations on seeing this Chapel in its full glory and splendor, and 
 lighted up for the performance of divine service? Considering that it was then 
 uninjured, as its dissolution did not take place till some years after Erasmus's 
 death, which happened in 1536/ it is extraordinary that he does not appear 
 ever to have seen it; for it is not recollected that he has, in any ofJiis letters, 
 or any other parts of his works, mentioned it; and il is certain, that in his 
 Colloquy, entitled, Peregrinatio Religionis ergo, where, in the person of 
 Ogygius, one of the interlocutors, he so minutely describes what he saw at 
 Becket's shrine, he had a very fair opportunity of noticing it y but he is en* 
 tirely silent on the subject. 
 
 To give a general and brief summary of the statues and pictures of St. 
 Stephen's Chapel, it may be sufficient to say there were — 
 Eorty-six painted figures of angels, five feet high: 
 
 Twenty youths, about three feet high, painted on the same level with the 
 angels: 
 
 Thirty-two knights, painted also, exclusive of those at the west end: 
 Twenty youths, similar to those by the angels, painted on the same level 
 as the knights : 
 
 Twelve statues of stone, at least six feet high, on brackets on the piers 
 round the Chapel: 
 
 Eighty paintings on the walls under the windows, eight under each win- 
 dow, many of which contained ten or twelve figures : 
 
 Sixteen subjects painted at the east end, and represented in the views of 
 that part, already inserted, besides two, of a bishop and an old man 
 in blue, mentioned before. 
 
 1 Erasmi Colloquia, tit. Peregrinatio Religionis ergo, edit. 8vo, Amst. l6Q3, p. 440. 
 ' See his Epitaph at the end of the Life prefixed to his Colloquies, edit. I0y7, 8vo. 
 
161 
 
 Above the statues on brackets, were paintings ; so there were also on all 
 the flat faces of* the piers; and the whole west end was also painted: with- 
 out reckoning the coats of arms, with the grotesque supporters between each 
 shield, — the paintings and decorations about the east window, — the painted 
 and gilt parts of the architecture all over the building, — and the wood-work 
 and carving of the cieling, which was, probably, painted and gilt in the same 
 manner. 
 
 It has before been hinted, that not 011I3' in the decorations of its build- 
 ing, but in fortuitous donations of jewels, or furniture, there was every reason 
 to suppose this Chapel might vie with any the most splendid ever known 
 to have existed. But as general assertions, however well founded, can 
 convey no more than a very inadequate idea of the riches and splendor 
 of this place, it has been thought adviseable to give, from indisputable 
 records, positive instances. In the year 1403, 4 Henry IV, Richard Kynges- 
 ton, the then dean of this Chapel, having quitted that situation, as being 
 probably promoted to some higher, delivered over to Richard Prentys, his 
 successor, all such jewels, vestments, and other ornaments, and furniture, 
 belonging to the same, as he had received from John Boor, his predecessor; 
 with the exception of such articles only, as during the time he had been 
 dean, had been by him, in consequence of the king's verbal command, deli- 
 vered over to other persons. What were the particulars received by him 
 from his predecessor John Boor, or what those delivered over to his own suc- 
 cessor, Richard Prentys, does not appear; but for those delivered over by 
 the king's command to others, it was thought necessary he should have a dis- 
 charge from the king. Accordingly, on the Patent Roll of that year, an entry 
 of a patent occurs, by which he is released from any claim against him on 
 that account, and in which the particulars, so delivered, are thus enumerated. 
 
 To Isabella, late queen of England, 5 an entire vestment' of red canaca," 
 
 s Richard the Second's queen. 
 ' Vestimentum, a whole suit of church apparel, comprehending the casula, or cowl, the dal- 
 matica, or upper robe, the alba, or albe, a kind of surplice, the am ictus, or amice, answering to 
 the scarf, the stola, which, like the amice, went over the neck, and hung down before, and was 
 richly embroidered ; the manipulus, or handkerchief, worn over the left arm; the towels, or nap- 
 kins, for the altar, which had also an altar cloth of linen, and another to hang down in front of 
 the altar; the frontlet and curtains, the case for the pix, the pulpit cloth, and the capae, or copes. 
 See the Glossary at the end of Royal and Noble Wills. 
 
 u This is only explained by Du Fresne, as a rich kind of stuff, 01 siik. See the Glossary at the 
 end of Royal and Noble Wills, p. 418. 
 
165 
 
 that is to say, one chesible, two timicles, three albs, three amices, two stoles, 
 three faiions," one corporas, one cover of blue satin for the corporas, one 
 dish, one front, with a crucifix, Mary and John, one counlerfront, one towel, 
 with the ornament, three copes, two ridelles,* four cloths of gold draginas/ 
 one cloth diaspyn, 2 one cloth for the reading-desk, one chalice, one crucifix, 
 Mary and John enamelled on the foot, two cruets, one censer, with the nief, a 
 two candlesticks, one bell of silver gilt, one paxbred b of silver gilt, one 
 missal, and one coffer, to keep these particulars in. 
 
 To the king's son, the prince, one vestment of chemes; c that is to sa} r , one 
 front, one counterfront, one towel, with the ornament, or furniture, two 
 ridelles, one chesible, two albs, with the amices, stoles, and fanons, two new 
 towels for the altar, three superaltaires, d two corporases, with the cases, two 
 missals, one chalice, two cruets, one paxbred, two candlesticks, one bell of 
 silver, gilt on the outside, one complete red vestment, which belonged to the 
 earl of Kent, for a priest, a deacon, and a sub-deacon, three copes, four 
 cloths of gold raginas, two censers of silver gilt, one nief of silver, six sur- 
 plices, and two cloths of gold raginas, red, delivered at Hertford, one chalice 
 of silver gilt, weight two pounds Troy, made of an old bason delivered at 
 the great wardrobe to make the same. 
 
 To the king's son, Thomas/ one single vestment, called Rolhurhilhc; that 
 
 " Cotgrave, among other senses, renders fanon, a faunel, or maniple, a scarf-like ornament 
 worn on the left arm of a sacrificing priest. Cotgrave's Diet. 
 
 * Or curtains. See Glossary to Royal and Noble Wills. 
 
 y Drageon is a vine brarch, twig, or sprig. Cotgrave's Diet. Probably, therefore, this means 
 ornamented with vine branches. Or it may be intended for drap Gennes, and mean cloth of gold 
 of Genoa. Rayonne, in French, means furrowed. Sec Cotgrave's Diet, and in Heraldry, ra- 
 guled, no doubt from some old French word like it, signifies jagged. Chambers's Diet. The 
 word in the text may, perhaps, mean therefore striped irregularly, or waved in stripes. 
 
 z Supposed to mean thorney, or with thorns or brambles represented on it, from the French 
 espine, a thorn. 
 
 ■ The ship for the incense. See the Glossary to Royal and Noble Wills. 
 b Case for the corporas, or pix. Glossary to Royal and Noble Wills. 
 c Qu. linen. See Du Fresne'< Glossary, art. Camilla. 
 d Superaltairts, or coverings for the altar. 
 
 'Thomas, duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV. Sandford's Ccncal. Hist. p. 2G8. 
 
166 
 
 is to say, one front, one counterfront, two towels, with the furniture of cloth 
 of gold, red, two ridelles of tartaryn, blue and red, striped, one chesible, 
 two albs, two amices, two stoles, two fanons, one corporas, with the case, one 
 superaltaire, one chalice, with the paten enamelled with the Trinity, two 
 cruets, two candlesticks, one paxbred, one bell of silver gilt on the outside, 
 one missal, one complete vestment of cloth of gold of Cipres, the ground of 
 black and red Baudekyn/ gilt, with trees of gold, and spotted, 8 while, with 
 broad welts of cloth of gold of Cipres, blue; that is to say, six copes, one 
 chesible, tAvo tunicles, three albs, three amices, two stoles, three fanons, one 
 frontel, one front and counterfront, with a frontel, and with the towel, of 
 lambs and crowns, three cloths of gold, the ground black and scarlet, charged 
 with popinjays of gold, one large chalice of silver gilt, the Judgment engraven 
 on the paten, one cross of silver gilt, ornamented with several stones and 
 pearls, one portepaix of silver gilt, enamelled in green with the Crucifixion, 
 Mary and John, one beril garnished with silver gilt, flat for relics, with a 
 crucifix at top, one censer of silver gilt, ornamented with lattice 'work, ano- 
 ther less censer of silver gilt, plain, one nief of silver gilt, with a fore-castle, 
 one large missal, the second folio beginning, " In dominicis vero;" two cloths 
 of gold raginas, red, with trees of gold, two basons of silver gilt, chased with 
 suns, and two other basons of silver gilt, enamelled on the top with St. Peter 
 and St. Paul for stoup h and lesprengell, two cruets, and other necessaries 
 for the Chapel. 
 
 To the king's son, John,' one cloth of gold of blue Cipres, two towels, one 
 corporas, with the case, one portepaix of silver gilt, Avith an image of St. 
 John, one dish of lambs, of gold, and one missal, one chalice. 
 
 To the king's son, Humphry, 1 * one vestment of cloth of gold, the ground 
 red, charged Avith swans and hinds, containing tAvo albs, two amices, two 
 stoles, two fanons, with a front and counterfront, one chesible, Iavo tOAvels, with 
 
 1 This was the richest of all cloth, pannus omnium ditissimus, of silk and gold thread. See 
 the Glossary to Royal and Noble Wills. 
 
 g Lenevers is the original word. Neve means freckled. See Cotgrave, and it may therefore 
 here signify spotted, or separated. 
 
 h A vessel for the holy water. 
 
 ' John, duke of Bedford, third son of Henry IV. Sandford, p. 16S. 
 
 k Humphry, duke of Gloucester, fourth son of Henry IV. Sandford, p. 269. 
 
167 
 
 a frontel, one corporas, one superaltaire, one chalice of silver gilt, two cruets 
 made of the bason contained among the particulars delivered to the king's 
 son the prince, one portepaix of silver gilt, enamelled with Mary and John, 
 one bell of silver, one large missal. 
 
 To the king's daughter, Blanch, 1 one entire vestment of cloth of gold 
 raginas, red and blue, of the Assumption of our Lady ; that is to say, three 
 albs, three amices, two stoles, three fanons, two tunicles, two ridelles, one 
 chesible, three copes, one front, one counterfront, one towel, with the furni- 
 ture, all of one suit, four cloths of gold, a pair of candlesticks of silver gilt, 
 one stoup, with the springel of silver gilt, made of three old sloups contained 
 in the large indentures, one cross, with a crucifix of silver gilt, one chalice, 
 two cruets of silver gilt, made of the said bason, and one missal. 
 
 To the king's daughter, Philippa, m one vestment of cheines, one front, one 
 counterfront, one towel, with the furniture, two ridelles, one chesible, two 
 albs, with stoles, amices, and fanons, two towels, one superaltaire, one cor- 
 poras, with the case, one vestment of popinjays, one front, one counterfront, 
 one towel, with the furniture, two ridelles, one cope, two albs, two amiecs, 
 two stoles, two fanons, one chesible, two tunicles, one towel, one cloth for 
 the reading desk, one corporas, with the case and furniture for an alb, one 
 fanon and amice, all of one suit, embroidered with popinjays, one chalice of 
 silver gilt, with a majesty u engraven on the paten, two cruets of silver, the 
 swages gilt, made of the bason contained among the particulars of the king's 
 son the prince. 
 
 To the dean and college of Windsor twenty-two copes of Baudekyn, 
 blue and red striped, with one damise, black, with broad Avelts of cloth of 
 gold of Cipres, powdered with lions of gold. 
 
 To the college of Cambridge a complete vestment, red, of cloth of gold, 
 of Cipres, with three copes for a priest, a deacon, and sub-deacon. 
 
 To lady Isondc Standishe a complete vestment for a priest, a deacon, 
 and sub-deacon, of cloth of gold raginas, red and blue, charged with corpus 
 Christies, and one cope of the same pattern. 
 
 To the college of Pomfret a complete vestment; that is to say, three 
 copes, one chesible, two tunicles, three albs, three amices, two stoles, two 
 
 1 Blanch, duchess of Bavaria, eldest daughter of Henry IV. Sand ford, p. <2GQ. 
 
 m Philippa, queen of Denmark, second and youngest daughter of lien. IV. Sandford, p. 'J 
 
 n A majesty means the figure of the Deity. See Du Frcsne, art. Majestas. 
 
168 
 
 fanons, with front, frontel, and counterfront, of cloth of gold, white charged 
 with red, beasts and flowers. 
 
 To the hermit of Lancaster one chesible, alb, amice, stole, and fanon, 
 two cloths of gold raginas, red, one corporas, and one towel. 
 
 To Beverle and Bridlyngton two crosses of gold, the feet of silver gilt, 
 with rubies, sapphires, diamonds, and pearls. 
 
 To the hermit of Depford one vestment, viz. one chesible, alb, amice, 
 stole, and fanon, two cloths of gold, red, de raginas, one towel, one case with 
 the corporas. 
 
 To the great wardrobe three stoups broke, with one springe], one candle- 
 stick, with two nees," weight twelve pounds four ounces Troy, to make the 
 stoup and candlesticks delivered to the king's daughter Blanch, and mend 
 the foot of the cross called Pynchon, and the cross of Wodewoses, and two 
 images of the cross, with the Resurrection on the foot, and other necessaries 
 for the Chapel. 
 
 When Richard Prentys, above named as succeeding Richard Kyngeston 
 in the office of dean, quitted, as he did, in 1434, 2 Henry V, that post, he, 
 in like manner, delivered to Edmund Lacy, his successor, all such particulars 
 as he had received from Kyngeston, excepting such as he also, while he held 
 the office, had by the king's command delivered to others. A similar patent 
 to discharge him from any claim on this account, is inserted on the Patent 
 Roll, 2 Henry V, 1414, in which the articles so delivered by him to others, 
 are thus particularized, bnt no account any where appears of what passed 
 into the hands of Edmund Lacy, his successor. 
 
 To Joan, queen of England, seven images of gold of St. Michael on one 
 foot, ornamented with six bal. p seven saphirs, thirteen clusters, 9 each of four 
 pearls. A shield, with one large bal. and eight large pearls, one cross, with 
 one ruby, and four pearls, one chaplet, with one ruby, weight in Troy five 
 marks, seven ounces, three quarters. 
 
 To Piers Luyk, ambassador from Denmark, one image of silver, gilt, in 
 the form of an archbishop, for Si. John, of Beverley, carrying in his hand a 
 labernacle of beril, for relics ; weight of the same sixteen pounds. 
 
 To the chapel of Woodstock, one suitable vestment; that is to say, one 
 
 n Niefs, or ships, before explained. * Henry IVth's queen. 
 
 ' i. e. a balleis ruby. Cotgrave's Diet. art. Bail ay and Balay. 
 
 * The original word is troches, winch means clusters. See Kelliatn's Norman Diet. 
 
169 
 
 alb, one chesible, one front, one eounterfront elolh of gold of the same/ 
 one suit of furniture, two ridelles, one stole, one phanon, one amice, one 
 surplice. 
 
 To John, the king's son, 5 one vestment, white, cloth of gold of Cyprus, 
 called Fernez, containing three amices, three albs, two stoles, three phanons, 
 one chesible, one frontell, one eounterfront, two tunicles, one case for a cor- 
 poras, one dish, two ridelles of tartaryn, one chalice of silver gilt, weight 
 two pounds two ounces, and two cruets of silver gilt of the same, weight 
 one pound. 
 
 To William de Burton one vestment, velvet worked with gold, striped 
 with various colours; of which one chesible, one alb, one amice, one stole, 
 one phanon, one front, one eounterfront, one frontel, with the towel, were of 
 one suit. 
 
 To Arnold Halkere one chesible, red, 'of Boccasin, 1 one alb, one amice, 
 one stole, one fanon, one chalice of silver gilt, with a cross on the paten, 
 weight, Troy, one pound eleven ounces, one corporas, with the case, and two 
 towels, and one suit of furniture. 
 
 To Lichfeld one vestment, velvet, embroidered with eagles of gold of 
 Cypres, of which one chesible, two tunicles, three albs, three amices, one 
 cloth for one amice were wanting, three frontels, of which two are of eagles, 
 and the other, with the arms of archbishop Scrope, with stars of gold, two 
 cloths for the altar, and eleven copes of one suit, and one old cloth d'raginas, 
 for safe keeping the aforesaid particulars. 
 
 To the Sieur de Gray one vestment, white, with hinds of gold, one che- 
 sible, three albs, three amices, two stoles, two tunicles, two altar-cloths, one 
 frontel, with towel, and three copes. 
 
 To the Abbey of Dover one vestment, cloth of gold, white striped, one 
 chesible, two tunicles, three albs, three amices, two stoles, three phanons, 
 llnee altar cloths, one frontel, with towel, and three copes, of one suit. 
 
 To William de Burton seven copes of velvet striped with gold. 
 
 To William Loveney of the Wardrobe one bason of silver gilt, broken, 
 weight three pounds three ounces, one candlestick of silver gilt at the 
 swages," weight one pound three ounces, one crucifix of silver gill, with 
 
 r De nethelx are the words, which, it is supposed, can mean nothing else. 
 * John, duke of Bedford, one of Henry IVth's sons. See him mentioned also in the former list. 
 1 ' Boccasin, Boccasin, or a kind of fine buckram, that hath a reseinhlance of taffata, and is 
 ' much used for lining, also the callimanco.' Cotgrave's Diet. 
 
 u Qu. the nozel, from the Trench suer, to sweat? 
 z 
 
170 
 
 Mary and John on the two arms, broke, weight four pounds three ounces, 
 one bason of silver, weight eight ounces. 
 
 To the Sieur de Sparre one vestment, cloth of gold, red striped, two 
 chesibles, two tunicles, three albs, three amices, two stoles, three phanons, 
 three altar cloths, one frontel, Avith towel, five copes of one suit, and one 
 cloth of gold, blue colour. 
 
 To Sir Hugh Ducheman one tablet of silver gilt, with relics within, on 
 two feet, weight six pounds eight ounces. 
 
 To the University of Oxford one cross of silver gilt, weight eighteen 
 pounds one ounce. 
 
 To N. Bubbewych, heretofore bishop of Salisbury, for the queen, one 
 image of St. Catharine, of gold enamelled white, ornamented with two great 
 bal. two sapphirs, thirteen other bal. nine clusters, each of four pearls, and 
 on the crown six pearls, weight six marks, and eleven ounces. 
 
 To the same bishop a mitre covered with pearls, ornamented with diffe- 
 rent stones, with a cross of silver gilt, with the Assumption on the top. 
 
 To Henry Bowet, formerly bishop of Bath, one pontifical book. 
 
 To the prior of Pomfret one vestment, velvet embroidered with stags, 
 one chesible, two tunicles, three albs, three amices, two stoles, three pha- 
 nons, two altar cloths, one small frontel, three copes, red velvet, and one 
 cope of the suit of the aforesaid vestment, and one beril, ornamented 
 with silver gilt, with a crown, and one crucifix, weight two pounds seven 
 ounces. 
 
 To the hospital in Smithfield four cloths of gold, of which two are red, 
 one green, and one blue. 
 
 To Walter Burton one front, one counterfront, one towel, with the fur- 
 niture, one cope, one alb, one amice, with pearls, stole, and phanon ; all the 
 cloths blue silk, with pine-apples, and the welts of red velvet embroidered 
 with gold. 
 
 To Henry Fowler two tunicles, red velvet embroidered with foliage, two 
 albs, two amices, two stoles, and two phanons. 
 
 To the hospital of St. Helen, at Colchester, one vestment, while satin, 
 containing one front, one counterfront, one frontel, one chesible, three albs, 
 three amices, two stoles, three phanons, three copes, two tunicles, two 
 ridelles, one case for a corporas. 
 
 To the chapel of Newington a vestment, cloth of gold, of Luke with 
 angels of gold, and archangels, red on the other side, one front, one 
 
171 
 
 counterfront, one chesibie, two tunicles, three albs, tliree amices, two stoles, 
 three phanons, and three copes of one suit. 
 
 To the Fere try of St. Thomas of Canterbury, two candlesticks of gold, 
 weight, Troy, eighteen marks. 
 
 To the tombof Richard, late king, four cloths of gold. 
 
 To Nicholas Rerisby, two cloths of d'raginas, white. 
 
 To the Abbot of Pershore, one vestment, red velvet, with flowers of gold, 
 one chesibie, two tunicles, three albs, three amices, two stoles, tliree phanons, 
 one front, one counterfront, one frontel, with six copes of the same suit. 
 
 Splendid and costly as these articles undoubtedly are, it cannot be sup- 
 posed that they were the most so of any belonging to the Chapel; but, on the 
 contrary, they must be deemed such as could be best spared without impo- 
 verishing it. Far the greater and more valuable proportion may be reason- 
 ably concluded to have been still possessed by the dean and canons; and in 
 this view their property of this kind cannot be otherwise than estimated at a 
 very high value, when particulars, such as those above specified, could be 
 withdrawn from it without their being missed or wanted, or without entirely 
 stripping the Chapel of all its ornaments of this kind. 
 
 The contemplation and examination of a building so eminently beautiful, 
 naturally excite no small degree of curiosity to learn, at least, the names of 
 artists by whom works so excellent could, in so early an age, have been pro- 
 duced; and of these the architect seems to claim the first attention. No 
 ancient record has as yet been found to ascertain this point, but Dr. James 
 Anderson, who, in 1721, was employed by some of the Freemasons to revise 
 and digest their old constitutions, in a work entitled The New Book of Con- 
 stitutions of the Fraternity of Free-Masons, published by him in small 4to. 
 in 1738, enumerating, p. 70, the architects, as it seems, of Edward III, in- 
 serts in the number Henry Yevell.* This person was, he says, called at first 
 in the old records, the king's Free Mason, and built for the king, the London 
 Charterhouse, King's Hall, Cambridge, Queenborough Castle, and rebuilt St. 
 Stepheu's Chapel, now the House of Commons in Parliament ; and the same 
 passage is retained by Enlick, in his republication of the book in 4lo. in 
 1756; but this assertion is without foundation, at least so far as regards St. 
 Stephen's Chapel. Henry Yevell did not flourish till about the 39th of Ed- 
 ward III, in which year his name has fust been found as master mason. In 
 one of the original accounts inspected on the present occasion, about 1395, 
 
 »The first communication respecting Henry Yevell as the architect of St. Stephen's Chapel; 
 was ohtained by Mr. Smith from John Charles Crowle, Esq. 
 
172 
 
 the 18th year of Richard II, he, with Stephen Lote, both of whom are stiled 
 citizens and masons of London, contracted with the king for making a tomb 
 for Ann, his late queen." He made also in the same year, a design, or model, 
 for the repair of Westminster Hall, and carrying up its walls two feet higher; 7 
 the rebuilding of this Chapel was however begun so early as 1330. z 
 
 But though no name of the architect has been decisively given, it is ima- 
 gined it may be collected from circumstances. In an account, commencing 
 with the 4th year of Edward III," the earliest that has been found in his 
 reign, and, as it should seem, from some of its articles, the very first relating 
 to St. Stephen's Chapel, are, in uninterrupted succession, the following items 
 
 at the beg-inning. 
 
 I. s. d. 
 
 27 May. b To Master Thomas, the mason, coming first to Westminster, and beginning 
 there upon the new chapel of St. Stephen, " 8c intrasura super moldas operanti," six 
 days, to receive each week for his wages, by order of the lord treasurer and council 6 
 
 Total of the wages 6 
 
 3 June. To Master Thomas of Canterbury, master mason, working " 8c tractanti 
 
 super trasuram," his week's wages 6 
 
 Wednesday, 5 June. 1 1 Porters, there named, carrying and drawing stones from the 
 ships to the lodges within the clerk's gates, for three days and an half, at 3d. a day 
 each, and for the half day \\d 9 74 
 
 Robert Amyot, labourer,, working there almost the whole of Wednesday - 2 
 
 Total of the wages i5 94 
 
 10 June. Master Thomas of Canterbury, mason, " operanti intrasura 8c moldas de 
 
 novo reparanti," his week's wages 6 
 
 Total of the wages 6 
 
 17 June. Master Thomas of Canterbury, master mason, his week's wages 6 
 
 Henry of St. Albans, and John Tofte, two masons, working there six days, at b\d'. a 
 
 day each « 5 6 
 
 John le Bakere, mason's apprentice, working six days, at 2d. a day 1 
 
 William le Hare, working there, and carrying the masons' tools to the smith, cleaning 
 
 out the lodge, and carrying stones, for six days, at 3d. a day. „ 1 6 
 
 Total of the wages O 14 
 
 * See the indenture for this purpose, inserted at length, in Rymer's Foedera, vol. vii, p. 795. 
 y Rymer's Fcedera, vol, vii, p. 794. He is there called Henry Zeneley. 
 
 z See the accounts hereafter inserted. 
 
 * Edward It, his father, died 25 Jan. 1326, though Walsingham says 1327. Sandfoid's Geneal. 
 Hist, p 151, the fourth year of Edw. Hld's reign, must therefore be 1329> as Sandford seems to 
 reject Walsingham's account, or if that is admitted, it would be 1330. b 4 Edward HE 
 
173 
 
 The following are the earliest articles for materials. ^ 
 
 5 June. e To John de Sene, merchant of Caen, for 400 Caen stones, called Gobbets, 
 bought for the new chapel of St. Stephen, within the king's palace at Westminster, 
 price each hundred 4 I 16 
 
 To tbe same, for 300 Caen stones, called Coins, bought for the same chapel, price 
 
 each hundred 12 s 1 17 6 
 
 Total of materials bought 17 17 6 
 
 On these articles it is to be observed, that although the master mason is 
 described as coming to work on the twenty-seventh of May, no stone, or 
 other materials, are bought till the fifth of June following, a week after; 
 and it is not till the seventeenth of June, three weeks from the first coming 
 of the master mason, that any other workmen are employed, excepting 
 only porters to remove the stones brought on the same fifth of June, to the 
 place where they were to be wrought. . Surely this seems so like the begin- 
 ning of the undertaking, as to afford ground for a suspicion, that the reason 
 why the master mason came so long before the rest, was to prepare for them, 
 by making the drawings and models. And, indeed, the words ' intrasura 
 super moldas operanti' ' tractanti super trasuram,' and ' operand intrasura & 
 moldas de novo reparanti/ in some measure, seem to justify this conclusion; 
 for though it may be contended, perhaps, that * intrasura,' in the first and 
 third of the articles, in which the above words occur, might be intended for 
 the name of the room in which he was working on the models, and which 
 might be called the Treasury, such an opinion is inconsistent with the second, 
 in which he is represented as 4 tractanti super trasuram,' or, in other words, 
 working on the trasura, whatever it was. Now as no materials of any kind 
 are charged for till two days after this, and then they are only unshaped 
 masses of stone, and no workmen, except porters, to remove that stone to the 
 spot where it was to be wrought, occur, till a fortnight after this time; it does 
 not appear at all probable, admitting, for a moment, that ' in trasura,' is to 
 be understood to mean * in the treasury,' that without workmen or materials 
 he could be at work on any repairs to any such room ; besides that, the title 
 of the roll, ' Nova Capella,' plainly intimates that the charges are confined 
 to the expences of that building. 
 
 In the subsequent accounts, the act of making drawings, or designs, is 
 rendered ' prolractant,' and is distinguished from painting, which is there 
 
 ■ 4 Edward lit. 
 
174 
 
 termed * depictant,' and of this there cannot be a belter instance than the fol- 
 lowing, which occurs 5 Dec. 27 Edw. Ill, and contains both these words. 
 
 I. s. d. 
 
 Magistro Johanni Chestr. cum praedictis 3 sociis suis, protractant & depictant diversas 
 imagines pro fenestris ejusdem capellae, per idem tempus, cuilibet eorum per sept, 
 ut supra 1 4 
 
 Trasser, in French, means, as well as Tracer, to delineate, score, trace 
 out, or to draw the first rude lines of a picture, &c. d which perfectly agrees 
 with the idea of making the first design for a building; and it is evident, from 
 the contract before mentioned, for repairing and raising the walls of West- 
 minster Hall, e and which is there agreed to be done according to a form and 
 model made by the advice of Henry Zeneley, meaning, unquestionably, 
 Henry Yevell, the before mentioned mason, that it was the business of the 
 master mason to furnish the models and designs : for in this latter instance 
 the model is spoken of as made by his advice, and, consequently, he must 
 be considered as the designer. 
 
 From these circumstances, there seems strong reason for thinking, that the 
 drawings as well as the models for this Chapel, were made and designed by 
 the above named Thomas of Canterbury, the master mason ; and though, 
 perhaps, those who recollect that William of Wykeham, afterwards bishop of 
 Winchester, was the architect of Windsor Castle, erected in the same king's 
 reign with this, may be inclined to attribute this to the same architect also; 
 the answer is direct and conclusive, because William of Wykeham w r as born 
 in 1324/ and it appears that the re-erection of this Chapel took place in 1329? 
 or 1330, at which time, of course, he was only six years old. 
 
 More of certainty has attended the enquiry after the artificers by 
 whom the interior parts of this Chapel were executed. It has been already 
 mentioned, in general terms, that for the purpose of procuring the artists, 
 and workmen of various kinds, writs had been issued by the king, au- 
 thorizing certain persons named in them, to get together, and send to 
 Westminster, such workmen as the undertaking then required. Of these, 
 the earliest that has been actually found, is dated the 18th of March, 
 24 Edward III, 1350, and directed to all sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, minis- 
 ters, and all other his faithful people, as well w r ithin liberties as without^ to 
 
 d Cotgrave's Diet. 
 
 ' See it at length in Rymer's Fcedera, vol. vii, p. 794. For many voluminous extracts from 
 Ilymer's Fcedera, and from many difficult MSS. in the British Museum, Mr. Smith is obliged to 
 Mr. Richards and to Mr. Cranch before mentioned. f 13iograph. Brit. 
 
175 
 
 whom the then present writing should come. It recites, that the king had 
 appointed Hugh de St. Albans, master of the painters assigned for the works 
 to be done in the Chapel in the palace of Westminster, to take and choose 
 out, in such places as he should see fit, as well within liberties as without, in 
 the counties of Kent, Middlesex, Essex, Surry, and Sussex, as many painters 
 and other workmen as should be wanted for executing those works; which 
 painters and other Avorkmen were to be sent to the palace at Westminster, 
 there to remain in the king's service, at his expence, so long as should be 
 necessary ; and it therefore required the before mentioned persons to be ready 
 to assist, counsel, and aid the said Hugh in the matters aforesaid, as often 
 as they should have notice from him for that purpose. 8 By another similar 
 writ, of the same date, it appears, that John Athelard was appointed to act 
 in the same manner in the counties of Lincoln, Northampton, Oxford, War- 
 wick, and Leicester; and from a third writ, of the same kind and date, it is 
 found that the counties of Cambridge, Huntingdon, Norfolk, and Suffolk, 
 were, in like manner, and for the same purpose, subjected to the authority 
 of Benedict Nightegale. h On the 4th day of June, 37 Edward III, A. D. 1363, 
 another vrat of the same nature occurs, in which it is stated, that the king 
 had appointed William de Walsyngham, to collect as many painters in the 
 city of London as would be sufficient for the works in St. Stephen's Chapel, 
 within the palace of Westminster, and to send them to the aforesaid palace, 
 to be employed in those works, and to remain there at the king's expence, so 
 long as should be necessary; and had authorized him to arrest, and commit 
 to prison, all such persons as he should find opposing or thwarting him in 
 this undertaking. It therefore commanded the persons to whom it was 
 directed to be ready to aid, counsel, and assist the said William, in all the 
 matters aforesaid, as often as they should receive from him notice for that 
 purpose.' 
 
 What effect these writs produced, will distinctly appear hereafter from 
 extracts which will be given from the original accounts themselves; but 
 that the value and importance of these documents may be sufficiently under- 
 stood, it is first necessary to state of what they consist. 
 
 Repeated experience having sufficiently shewn how little dependence 
 could be placed on facts related in print, or on some of those otherwise com- 
 municated to him, it was the determination of the author, from the very begin- 
 ning of this work, in the year 1800, to consult original records wherever they 
 
 « Rymer's Foedera, vol. v, p. C>70. 
 
 h Ibid; p. 070. 
 
 Ibid. vol. vi, p. 417. 
 
17$ 
 
 could be got at. An early acquaintance with the language and hand-writing 
 had enabled him to inspect them himself, as he has uniformly done; to choose 
 out for himself what parts should be copied for him, and himself to examine 
 all such copies with the original rolls. It was fortunate he adopted this 
 plan, as, besides obtaining from it a variety of original, curious, and interesting 
 matter, directly relating to the subject he had in hand, and of which no one 
 else was aware; he has been by it kept from falling into errors. 
 
 Many rolls at the Tower, and elsewhere, have been thus consulted, and 
 it may with truth be affirmed, that, including those containing the original 
 accounts, their number exceeded fifty, that some of them were more than 
 thirty feet long, and averaging the rolls at twenty feet each, which is believed 
 to be very greatly within the real compass, they would amount to one thousand 
 feet in length. It was also known to the author, from his having accidentally 
 seen in the hands of Craven Ord, Esq. some years since, when they were first 
 found, the two rolls which Mr. Topham has mentioned; 11 that the original 
 accounts of expences relating to the erection of this Chapel were in existence, 
 though at that time not having any occasion to do otherwise, he took only a 
 cursory view of them, and had since forgotten their contents. By the Record- 
 keeper, to whom he applied for a sight of these, he was referred to George 
 Vanderzee, Esq. 1 of the Exchequer Office, in the Temple, as likely to inform 
 him where they were deposited; and, on application to this latter gentle- 
 man, the roll of the time of Edward III, which Mr. Topham mentions, was 
 shewn to him, together with some others, both of that and Edward I's reign, 
 whic Mr. Topham did not see, as having been since discovered. That roll, 
 however, which Mr. Topham speaks of as being of the reign of Edward I, 
 was not among them, as it could not then, or since, be found. Mr. Van- 
 derzee kindly undertook to make further searches, and by his indefatigable 
 exertions, a number of rolls were brought to light which had not before 
 been inspected by any one now living, and, probably, had not been seen by 
 
 k See the Account of St. Stephen's Chapel, published by the Antiquarian Society, some 
 years since. 
 
 1 Mr. Smith is happy to acknowledge his obligations to Mr. Vanderzee, for the very liberal and 
 handsome manner in which that gentleman facilitated the acquisition of records so eminently pre- 
 cious, and so essential to the purposes of this work: his zeal for the interests of history, his attach- 
 ment for the arts, and his friendship for Mr. Smith, induced him to forego the very considerable 
 fees of office he was entitled to on this occasion. 
 
 Most of these materials were not discovered until the summer of 1806; but their importance, 
 it is hoped, will amply compensate for the delay in publishing, which the necessary investigation 
 of them, and the revisal of passages connected with tbera, has unavoidably occasioned. 
 
177 
 
 any one but himself, since the accounts contained in them were passed and 
 allowed in the reigns of Edward I, Edward III, and one in that of Richard II, 
 1395, above four hundred years ago. Those in the reign of Edward I, disco- 
 vered on the present occasion, are eleven in number: and contain the 
 accounts for the week, in which 10 November occurred in the 20th year of 
 his reign ; for that in which was 25 March, in his 21st, and Easter week fol- 
 lowing; for that comprizing 1st August; for the following weeks, to that in 
 which was 14th September, in the same twenty-first year inclusive; and one 
 for that next after 24th August, in his twenty-second year: extracts from all 
 these have been already inserted. 1 
 
 The rolls of Edward III are thirteen in number, and contain similar expen- 
 ditures, from the end of the 4th year of Edward III, to the 40th year of his 
 reign, with very small intervals only, except in one instance; and in addition 
 to these is a roll of 18 Richard II, containing some particulars as to the alte- 
 ration of the bell-tower of St. Stephen's Chapel, and also as to a porch, or 
 screen, then erected in front of the chapel itself. Of these rolls the following 
 list is here given, not only to specify more distinctly their contents, but also 
 for the purpose of ascertaining, from evidence, the age of some of them, in 
 which no mention is made whether the king there named is Edward the first, 
 second, or third. 
 
 Roll of account of Robert de Hill, controller of the works of the new 
 Chapel of St. Stephen, within the palace, from the end of the fourth year, to 
 the feast of St. Michael, in the end of the seventh. It states the account of 
 Walter de Weston, clerk of the king's works, in the Palace of Westminster, 
 and Tower of London, from 23d January, in the fourth year of the king's 
 reign, to the feast of St. Michael, in his seventh; viz. for two whole years, 
 and two hundred and fifty days, respecting the new Chapel of St. Stephen, 
 within the Palace of Westminster." 1 Though no king's name is mentioned, it 
 must be of the time of Edward III, because it speaks of Walter de Weston 
 as clerk of the works in the Palace of Westminster, and Tower of London, 
 to which office he was appointed by patent, 4 Edward IIJ, n and in the twenty- 
 
 1 Vide supra. 
 
 m This account is said to commence so early as the 23 Jan. hut the first article in it hears date 
 the 27th of May: and as this article speaks of Master Thomas the mason, as then first coming 
 and beginning on the new Chapel, there can be very little, if any, doubt, that this is, in fact, the 
 earliest roll on that subject; besides that at the top, it has a general title, Nova Capella Sancti 
 Stephani infra palacium. " Pat. 4 Edw. Ill, Part II, in. 1 1. See Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 109. 
 
 2 A 
 
178 
 
 third year of the same king s reign, Jan. 15, 1349, he was the king's chaplain, 
 and had the sixth prebend in St. Stephen's Chapel given him by the king. 
 
 Roll of Robert de Hill, controller, from the end of the fourth year to the 
 end of the seventh. It professes to contain the account of Walter de Weston, 
 clerk of the king's works in the Palace of Westminster, and Tower of London, 
 from the 23d of January, fourth year of the king's reign, to the feast of St. 
 Michael, in the seventh; viz. for two whole years, and two hundred and fifty 
 days, relating to the Palace of AVestminster. This, for the same reason as 
 the above, must be of the time of Edward III. 
 
 Roll of Robert de Hill, controller of the works of the Palace of Westmin- 
 ster, of the new Chapel of St. Stephen within the palace, and of the Tower of 
 London, from the feast of St. Michael, at the end of the seventh year, to the 
 27 th of December in the same year; viz. ninety-nine days. Like the other 
 two, it comprises the account of Walter de Weston, clerk of the king's works 
 within the Palace of Westminster, and Tower of London, commencing on 
 the morrow of St. Michael, in the seventh year, and ending 27th December 
 in the same year, viz. for ninety-nine days; and relating to the new Chapel of 
 the Palace, and to the Tower of London. p Of Edward Illd's time for the 
 same reason. 
 
 Roll of John de Broughton, controller, concerning the new Chapel. This 
 is stiled his first roll, but has no date of year; it is however of Edward Illd's 
 time, and must be between 7 Edward III, and 10 Edward 111, as will appear 
 from the next article. 
 
 Counter-roll of John de Broughton, relating to the works done in the Pa- 
 lace of Westminster in the 10th and 11th years of Edward III. This is 
 stiled his second roll. 
 
 Roll entitled Palace of Westminster, from the beginning of the fifteenth 
 year. Particulars of the account of Walter de Weston, clerk of the king's 
 works in the Palace of Westminster. This, for the reason above stated, is also 
 of the time of Edward III. . 
 
 Controller's roll relating to the Chapel in the seventeenth year. Evi- 
 dently of the time of Edward III, though no reign mentioned, because the 
 name of Walter de Bury, the smith, is found in it, which also occurs in the 
 other rolls of Edward III, above described. 
 
 Pat. 23 Edw. Ill, p. 8, as cited by Newcourt in his Repcrtorium, vol. i, p. 747- 
 p It will be evident, on remarking when the account in the first roll above mentioned ends, that 
 this follows that immediately without any chasm. 
 
179 
 
 Roll, entitled Capella Palae. Westm. anno 19. Certainly of the time of 
 Edward III, because it contains the name of Robert de Puppeshull, as con- 
 troller, who was appointed by patent, 2 Edward III, Part I, m. 35, surveyor 
 of the king's works in the Palace of Westminster, and Tower of London. 1 
 
 Counter-roll of Martin de Ixning/ controller of the works in the Palace 
 of Westminster, concerning several things expended in the same Palace, the 
 Tower of London, and the king's Cross, near le Charryng, in the 19th and 
 20th years of Edward III, in the time of Walter de Weston, clerk of the same 
 works there. 
 
 Roll entitled Particulars of the account of Peter de Bruges, clerk of the 
 king's works in the Palace of Westminster, from 15th Oct. 21 Edward J II, 
 to tenth of August next following. 
 
 Roll entitled Particulars of the account of Robert de Campsale, clerk of 
 the king's works in his Palace of Westminster, and Tower of London, from 
 21 June, 25 Edward III, to 25 August, anno 28, viz. for three years and 
 sixty-five days. 
 
 Counter-roll of Adam de Chestrefeld, controller, of Thomas Stapleford, clerk 
 of the works within the Palace of Westminster, from 27 July, anno 29, to 
 28th September of the same year, viz. sixty-three days. Adam de Chester- 
 field had the same prebend given him which William Sleford had in the 
 Chapel of St. Stephen, and which became void by Sleford's being made dean, 
 17 May, 1369- 5 Stapleford was, in 1356, a canon in the Chapel of St. Ste- 
 phen;' and it is beyond a doubt, therefore, that this roll is of the time of 
 Edward III. 
 
 Counter-roll of Adam de Chesterfeld, controller of the king's works within 
 the Palace of Westminster, and Tower of London, relating to the aforesaid 
 palace, from 5 June, anno 31, to the fourth day of the same month in the 
 next year. Unquestionably of Edward Illd's reign. 
 
 Roll entitled Particulars of the Account of William de Sleford, clerk 
 and surveyor of the king's works within his Palace of Westminster, from 
 28 Sept. anno 39, to the twenty-seventh day of the same month, for one whole 
 year. William de Sleford was the king's chaplain, and a prebendary of the 
 
 i Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 102. 
 
 7 Martin de Ixning, then the king's chaplain, was promoted by the king to a prebend in the 
 Chapel of St. Stephen, April 1, 1.3.51. Pat. 25 Edward lit, Part I, as cited by Newcourt, vol. \, 
 p. 748. * Pat. 44 Edw. Ill, p. 1, as cited by Newcourt, vol. i, p. 749. 
 
 1 Newcourt, vol. \, p. 750. 
 
180 
 
 college of St. Stephen, to whom the king gave the deanry thereof, May 17, 
 1369" This roll is therefore evidently of Edward Illd's time. 
 
 Counter-roll of Master Hugh Herland, one of the king's carpenters, of the 
 payments made by John Godmaston, clerk, relating to the repair of the 
 king's great hall within the Palace of Westminster, and also the making of 
 the bell-tower there, and the making of a porch and steps to the king's Chapel 
 of St. Stephen, begun anew T ; and also relating to the repair and mending of 
 the queen's bridge without the palace, and several other houses, edifices, 
 and walls, within the same palace, from the feast of Easier, anno 18, to the 
 same feast next following. This roll was delivered into the Exchequer by 
 Hugh Herland, carpenter, controller of John Godmaston, clerk of the within 
 works, 6 May, 19 Richard II, as appears from a memorandum indorsed on 
 it, and which consequently ascertains precisely its age. 
 
 Accounts so voluminous and complicated as these, it is not easy to slate 
 clearly and intelligibly; for in those, which profess to relate solely lo the 
 palace, many articles occur respecting the Chapel, notwithstanding that in 
 other instances the expences of the Chapel are kept distinct, and entered on 
 separate and detached rolls. Neither can any average of the weekly expen- 
 diture, or any guess at the cost of the whole undertaking, be formed, because 
 the variation in the number of workmen employed, and in the sorts and quan- 
 tities of the materials used, sometimes stone for building, and sometimes only 
 painters' colours, and other less important particulars, renders it impossible to 
 compare the weeks with each other. A selection of the articles, and an 
 arrangement of them under the different heads to which they belong, was 
 therefore thought the best method, and they are here so placed accordingly; 
 but the reader is not to expect a particular reference to the precise roll 
 where the article occurs, which, from the multitude of the rolls, it was found 
 impossible to give. It is sufficient to assure him, that no article is inserted 
 which the author cannot turn to in the original roll ; that above ten weeks 
 at one time, in the summer of last year (1806), and a very great portion of 
 time since, have been employed in inspecting and carefully looking through 
 the originals from end to end, and getting copies made from them; and that 
 the number of rolls thus consulted, for many were looked through which 
 produced no information, was, as has been before noticed, uncommonly 
 great. 
 
 " Tat. 43 E. Ill, Part I, as cited by Newcourt, vol. i, p. 747. 
 
181 
 
 THE CHAPEL IN GENERAL. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 27 May, [4 Edw. III.] To Master Thomas 
 the mason, coming first to Westminster, 
 and beginning there upon the new Chapel 
 of St. Stephen, " & intrasura super mol- 
 das operand, " x for six days, to receive 
 each week for his wages, by order of the 
 lord treasurer and council O 6 
 
 3 June. To Master Thomas of Canterbury, 
 master mason, working, " & tractanti 
 super trasuram," for his week's wages . . O 6 
 
 Wednesday, viz. 5 June. Walter Cheese- 
 man, John Marshal, Randolph le Bakere, 
 John Plot, John de Totehull, John le 
 Skynner, Elias de Schelford, John Make- 
 rel, John de Coventry, John de Kent, 
 and Henry de Winchester, eleven porters, 
 carrying and drawing stones from the 
 ships to the lodges, within the clerk's 
 gates, for three days and an half, at 3 d. a 
 
 day each, and for the half day l±d O Q f\ 
 
 10 June. Mastei Thomas of Canterbury, 
 mason, " operanti intrasura & moldas de 
 novo reparanti," for his week's wages . . O 6 O 
 
 J 7 June. Master Thomas of Canterbury, 
 
 master mason, his week's wages O 6 O 
 
 Henry of St. Albans, and John de Tofte, two 
 masons, working there six days, at 5%d. 
 a day each 5 6 
 
 John le Bakere, mason's apprentice, work- 
 ing six days, at 2d. a day O 1 
 
 William le Hare, working and carrying the 
 masons' tools to the smith, cleaning out 
 the lodge, and carrying stones for six days, 
 at 3d. a day O 1 6 
 
 15 July. Master Thomas of Canterbury, 
 
 mason, for his week's wages O 6 
 
 Henry of St. Albans, John de Tofte, Wil- 
 liam de Hurst, Peter of Purbeck, Robert 
 of Eynsham, and Nicholas of Bury, six 
 masons, working five days, at b\d. a day 
 each O 13 9 
 
 Walter Peny, marble mason, working six 
 
 days, at b\d. a day O 2 tj 
 
 Thomas of Shoreham, William of the same 
 place, and William Kanoun, three marble 
 masons, working five days, at 5%d. a 
 day each O 6 10^ 
 
 William de Benevill, marble mason, work- 
 ing there five days, at 4d. a day O 1 8 
 
 John le Baker, mason's apprentice, working 
 
 there five days, at 2d. a day O O 10 
 
 Robert le Clerk, Robert de Corby, Geoffrey 
 de Creye, three scaffold makers, making 
 a scaffold at the east end of the chapel, 
 and removing stones, five days, at 2>\d. 
 a day o 4 *\ 
 
 William le Hare, porter, cleaning out the 
 lodge, carrying the masons' tools to Lon- 
 don, to the smith, and serving the masons, 
 five days, at 3 d. a day 1 3 
 
 23 July. Master Thomas of Canterbury, 
 
 mason, his week's wages o 6 O 
 
 Henry of St. Albans, and his five compa- 
 nions, viz. six masons, working five days, 
 at 5%d. a day each 14 9 
 
 John de Wennelburgh, and Robert of Win- 
 chester, two masons, working there four 
 days, at 5±d. a day eacli o 3 8 
 
 Walter Peny, marble mason, working five 
 
 days, at 5^ d. a day O 2 3§ 
 
 Thomas de Shoreham, William of the same 
 place, and William Kanoun, three mar- 
 ble masons, working five days, at 5~d. 
 a day o 6 10i 
 
 William de Boneville, marble mason, work- 
 ing there five days, at 4 d. a day O 1 8 
 
 John le Bakere, mason, working five days, 
 at 2d. a day, because he was an appren- 
 tice 10 
 
 To the aforesaid scaffold makers, and Bay- 
 ard/ working on the scaffold at the east 
 end of the chapel, four days, at 3%d. a 
 day each o 3 6 
 
 William le Hare, porter, cleaning out tlic 
 lodge, carrying the masons' tools to the 
 
 1 The meaning of this, and the other similar phrases, has been alrca ly enquired into, 
 r Qu. Porter or labour;r, from the L;it:n Bajuhs. 
 
 / 
 
182 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 smith at London, and doing other work, 
 
 four days, at 3 d. a day O 1 O 
 
 15 October, [Anno 21.] John Toft, mason, 
 working there, " super sapulacionem,^ 
 and the carving of the stones for the works 
 of the said chapel, six days, at 3 s. a week 3 
 
 1Q May, [Anno 21.] For the wages of 
 forty-one masons working there, as well 
 on the " stapulationem" of the stones for 
 the works of the said chapel, as upon the 
 carving of them, for six days, at 5\ d. a 
 day each 5 12 9 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 5 June, [4 Edw. III.] To John de Sene, 
 merchant of Caen, for four hundred Caen 
 stones called Gohctts, bought for the new 
 chapel of St. Stephen, within the king's 
 palace at Westminster, at 4/. an hun- 
 dred 16 O O 
 
 To the same for three hundred Caen stones, 
 called Coins, bought for the same chapel, 
 at 12 5. Qd. an hundred 1 17 6 
 
 2Q July. Michael Dissher of Woodstreet, 
 for twenty-five beams of alder-tree, the 
 length of each, one with another, eighteen 
 feet, for the scaffold at the east end of the 
 chapel, at 2 d. each 4 2 
 
 To the same for twenty-four hurdles for the 
 
 same scaffold, at 2d. each 4 O 
 
 To the same for five hundred scort a to tie 
 the said beams and hurdles together, at 
 4d. an hundred O 1 8 
 
 Porterage and carriage of the said beams, 
 hurdles, and scort, from Woodstreet to 
 the Thames O O 8 
 
 Boatage of the same to Westminster 4 
 
 Robert of St. Albans, for two pounds of 
 
 wax for making cement, at 6d. a pound. 10 
 
 To the same for eight pounds of pitch for 
 
 the said cement, at 1 d. a pound O O 8 
 
 To the same for one hundred nails, called 
 
 Spikyng, for the scaffold O O 10 
 
 £. i. d. 
 
 Last day of September, [5 Edward III.] 
 John le Tressh of London, for two oak 
 boards for moulds for the masons, the 
 length of each twelve feet, the breadth 
 two feet, at 1 2 d. each O 2 O 
 
 To the same for three oak boards, called 
 
 Lidholts, for the said moulds, at Od. each 1 6 
 
 Porterage and boatage of the same from 
 
 London to Westminster O 1 
 
 2 December. Nicholas Ivory, for two hun- 
 dred and an half of reeds for covering the 
 new house for placing the stone-cutters 
 and workmen in, at \0d. an hundred, 
 with boatage to Westminster 6 3 
 
 Richard le Clerk, for four hundred and an 
 half of reeds for covering the said house, 
 at 10 d. an hundred O 3 9 
 
 Robert of St. Albans, for two thousand nails 
 for nailing the laths on the said house, at 
 10 d. a thousand O 1 8 
 
 To the same for one thousand of wonnails, 
 
 for an enclosure in the said house O / 
 
 Walter Gautron, for three hundred of hert- 
 
 laths for the said house, at 5 d. an hundred 13 
 
 To the same for five hundred beech laths 
 
 for the said house, at 'l\ d. an hundred .01 i 
 
 Porterage and boatage of the said laths from 
 
 Southwark to Westminster O 
 
 7 Jan. John Bishop, for twelve cart loads 
 of clay for the roof of the said house, at 
 1 § d. a cart load O 1 6 
 
 Bartholomew the stone- cutter, for one quar- 
 ter of charcoal for cementing the stone, as 
 burnt O O 6 
 
 Robert of St. Alban's, for one pound of wax 
 
 for making cement to join the stones . . . O O 6 
 
 To the same for eight pounds of pitch for 
 
 the said cement, at id. a pound O O 8 
 
 27 April. John de Sene, merchant of Caen, 
 for two hundred and an half of Caen 
 stones, called Gobetts, bought for the 
 new chapel, at 4l. an hundred 10 O O 
 
 To the same for three hundred and an half 
 
 * In other places this word is stapulationem, or scapulationcm, and is supposed to mean what the workmen call embossing, [or, 
 corruptly, hosting,] which signifies forming or fashioning works in lelievo. Chambers's Diet. Scalpo in Latin, implies to carve r 
 grave, from which Seal pell um Scalper, a tool for that purpose, is derived. Calepin's Diet. edit. 1681. 
 
 » Scorteus means, made of leather. See Calepin's Diet. edit. 1681, art. Scorteus. These must have been therefore leather thongs 
 to tie the scaffold. 
 
183 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 of Caen stones, called Coins, at 125. Qd. 
 
 an hundred 2 3 Q 
 
 Robert of St. Albans, for one pound of wax 
 
 to make cement O 6 
 
 To the same for eight pounds of pitch to 
 
 make the said cement, at 1 d. each pound O O S 
 
 Porterage from London O O g 
 
 Thomas Bernak of Lambeth, for twenty- 
 three large Ryegate stones, for form pieces 
 to the windows, at 2s. each, by agreement 
 made between the master mason and the 
 said Thomas, with carriage and boatage 
 to the king's bridge at "Westminster .... 2 6 O 
 
 4 May. Michael of Woodstreet, and Ri- 
 chard of the same place, for one hundred 
 beams of alder, for the scaffold at the east 
 gable of the new chapel O 16 
 
 To the same for twelve large poles, the 
 length of each thirty feet, for standards 
 for the said scaffold, at 10<tf. each O 10 O 
 
 To the same for twenty four hurdles for 
 
 viis, b upon the said scaffold, at \%d. each 3 6 
 
 To the same for one thousand scort for tying 
 
 the said scaffold, at 4 d. an hundred ... . 3 4 
 
 Gilbert of Woodstreet, for two beams of 
 alder, the length of each thirty-four feet, 
 for standards for the scaffold, at 12 d. each O 2 O 
 
 To the same for six beams of alder, to make 
 
 centers, at 2d each . O 1 O 
 
 Cartage and carriage of the whole of the 
 aforesaid timber, scort, and hurdles, from 
 Woodstreet to St Paul's Wharf. O O 8 
 
 Boatage of the same in two barges 10 
 
 Thomas Bernak, for ten pieces of Ryegate 
 stone for the form pieces on the side of 
 the chapel, at 2s. each 1 O 
 
 6 July. Thomas Bernak, for fourteen pieces 
 of Ryegate stone, called form pieces, for 
 the windows, at 2 s. each, with carriage 
 from Ryegate, and boatage to the king's 
 bridge 1 8 O 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 20 July. Roger of Waltham, for a large 
 cable of hemp for drawing up the stones, 
 and raising them by a windlass to the 
 top of the chapel, length forty teys, or 
 brachia, weighing six score, great pounds, 
 at l%d. a pound; with porterage and 
 boatage from the rope walk 017 6 
 
 2 Nov. Bartholomew Cisson, for one pound 
 
 of grease, bought for greasing the pullies 
 and beams, for drawing up the large 
 marble stones O O 2 
 
 3 Aug. Thomas Bernak, for four pieces of 
 Ryegate stone for the form pieces, at 2*. each 8 
 
 15 Oct. 21 Edw. Ill, Anno 21. Wm. Ha- 
 mele of Weymouth, for sixty-eight great 
 stones de Bere c bought of him, and used 
 in the works of the king's chapel at West- 
 minster 11 O 
 
 30 June. William Felton ; for one hundred 
 
 sounds bought for glew for the carpenters O 1 6 
 
 Robert Lenard, for eighty-two stones of 
 Stone de Bere, bought for the works of 
 the said chapel 21 10 O 
 
 14 July. Agnes Dishe, for one hundred hur- 
 dles, bought to put on the top of the 
 chapel to cover and preserve it.. 14 O 
 
 To the same for seven large hurdles, bought 
 in like manner, for the preservation of 
 the same covering, price each 4d O 2 4 
 
 7 Nov. [25 Edw. III.] Eighty fish soundes 
 bought to make glue for joining several 
 boards O 2 4 
 
 2 Jan. John Lonekyn, for one hundred 
 greylyng sondes, bought for joining the 
 boards 3 
 
 7 May, [26 Edw. III.] Master Andrew 
 the smith, for eighty cramps, bought for 
 the wall near the Thames, and for the 
 works above the top of the chapel, weight 
 one hundred and thirteen pounds, at \\d. 
 per pound O 14 1 j 
 
 i. e. Passages from one part to another. The hurdles were to be used as fences in front, to prevent the men from falling. 
 Perhaps Viis should be rendered the stages of the scaffold. 
 
 c Bere Regis is a town in Dorsetshire, 12 miles E. by N. of Dorchester. Brookes's Gazetteer. The longitude as there given, is 
 2 degrees 15 minutes west; its latitude 50 degrees 44 minutes north. The isle of Portland is, in the same woiI<, described as situated 
 in 2 degrees 25 minutes west longitude; and its latitude as being 50 degrees 30 minutes north ; and as the distance between the two 
 places cannot therefore be very great, it is probable, that stone de Bere was, in fact, Portland stone, but probably sent up, or furnished, 
 by some mason at Bere. 
 
184 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 21 May. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 eighty cramps for le Vitz of the chapel, 
 weight forty- three pounds, at \^d. per 
 pound O 5 A\ 
 
 Expended on the repair of the covering of the chapel 
 of the king at Westminster, two carrats of lead d 
 
 Used in the strengthening of several stones on the top 
 of the same chapel with gorons, and cramps, and 
 lead, six wagers of lead. 
 
 EAST END OF THE CHAPEL. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 15 July, [4 Edw. Ill,] Robert le Clerk, 
 Robert de Corby, Geoffrey de Creye, 
 three scaffold makers, making the scaf- 
 fold at the east end of the chapel, and 
 removing the stones, for five days, at 3 \d. 
 a day each 4 4 J 
 
 23 July. To the aforesaid scaffold makers, 
 and bayard e working on the scaffold at 
 the east end of the chapel, for four days, 
 at 3§d. a day each O 3 6 
 
 3 August. John de Sellyngale, and John 
 Beckere, two masons, working and laying 
 the stones and iron work in the east gable, 
 for six days, at 5\d. a day each 5 6 
 
 John Bakere, John of Oxford, and Richard 
 of Feversham, three masons working 
 there, five days, at 5 d. a day each 6 3 
 
 1/ August, [5 Edw. III.] John de Sellyn- 
 gale, and John Bekere, two layers of 
 stone, working on the east gable and 
 moynels/ and putting up the iron work 
 there, six days, at 5%d. a day each O 5 6 
 
 John Baker, mason, working there six days, 
 
 at 5 d. a day O 2 6 
 
 1 March. Richard de Lynne, and Walter 
 le Murie, two layers of stone, beginning 
 on the east gable to lay stones, and work- 
 ing for six days on the said gable, at 5 %d. 
 
 a day each 5 6 
 
 15 March. Richard de Lynne, Walter le 
 Murie, and John Martyn, three layers of 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 stone, working on the east gable, and lay- 
 ing stones there six days, at 5 § d. a day 
 each O 8 3 
 
 To two carpenters working there for six days 
 upon the cyntras, [centres] gables, and 
 vernas,s at 5 d. a day each O 5 O 
 
 To two scaffold makers working there six 
 
 days, at 3%d. a day each O 3 6 
 
 28 Nov. h To four workmen working with 
 the masons about the walls, and covering 
 the east gable, at 1\ d. a day each O 3 2 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 2g July, [4 Edw. III.] Michael Dissher of 
 Woodstreet, for tw r enty-five poles of alder, 
 the length of each, one with another, 
 eighteen feet, for making the scaffold at 
 the east end of the chapel, at Id. each. . O 
 
 To the same for twenty-four hurdles for the 
 said scaffold, at Id. each O 
 
 To the same for five hundred scort to tie 
 the said poles and hurdles together, at Ad. 
 an hundred O 
 
 Porterage and carriage of the said poles, hur- 
 dles, and scort, from Woodstreet to the 
 Thames O 
 
 Boatage of the same to Westminster 
 
 [5 Edw. III.] Michael of Wood- 
 street, and Richard of the same place, for 
 one hundred poles of alder for making 
 the scaffold at the east gable of the new 
 chapel 
 
 To the same for twelve large poles, the 
 length of each thirty feet, for standards 
 for the said scaffold, at \Od. each O 10 
 
 To the same for twenty-four hurdles, " pro 
 viis super dictam scaffottam," 1 at \ %d. each 
 
 To the same for one thousand scort to tie 
 
 the said scaffold, at Ad. an hundred . . . . O 
 Gilbert of Woodstreet, for two long poles, 
 each thirty-four feet, of alder, for standards 
 
 to the scaffold, at 12 d. each O 
 
 To the same for six beams of alder to make 
 centres, at 2d. each 
 
 3 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 8 
 
 16 
 
 3 6 
 
 3 4 
 
 2 O 
 
 1 
 
 <i In another part the quantity of a carrat is thus explained. Each carrat contains twelve wagers, and each wager twenty-six 
 claves, and each clavis seven pounds. e Qu. a porter or labourer, from the latin Bajulus. 
 
 f Qu. mullbns of the windows. g 0-u. an engine operating by a worm-screw to raise timber or stones. 
 
 *> The year uncertain, but supposed between y and 10 Edw. 111. ' This has been before explained. 
 
185 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Cartage and carriage of the whole timber, 
 scort, and hurdles, from Woodstreet to 
 St. Paul's Wharf. O O 8 
 
 Boatage of the same in two barges O 10 
 
 20 July. William of Kent, for one hundred 
 of lime for mortar, for the great window 
 in the east gable O 3 6 
 
 John Shaw, for four cart loads of sand for 
 
 the said mortar O 4 
 
 3 August. Robert of St. Albans, for three 
 hundred of Spanish iron for the bars and 
 iron work at the east gable, at 4s. 8d. an 
 hundred 14 O 
 
 Carriage of the said iron to the house of 
 
 Walter de Bury the smith, to be wrought O O 3 
 
 Walter de Bury the smith, for making the 
 iron work of the great gable, viz. six bars, 
 at 45. an hundred 12 O 
 
 Carriage and boatage of the said iron from 
 
 London O O 2 
 
 1 1 August. Robert of St. Albans, for two 
 hundred of Spanish iron, for the iron 
 work to the great east gable, at 4s. 8d. 
 an hundred O Q 4 
 
 Porterage of the said iron from Cystergate 
 to the house of Walter de Bury the smith, 
 to be wrought O O 2 
 
 Walter de Bury the smith, for working the 
 said iron, at 4s. an hundred, and almost 
 one half of it was wasted in the fire. . . . O 8 
 
 31 August. Robert of St. Albans, for three 
 hundred and one quarter of Spani sh iron for 
 the bars, and iron work of the east gable, 
 at 3 s. 8d. an hundred O 15 2 
 
 Porterage of the said iron to the house of 
 
 Walter de Bury the smith, to be wrought 3 
 
 Walter the smith, of Bury, working and 
 making the aforesaid bars of the aforesaid 
 iron, at 4 s. an hundred, and almost half 
 was wasted in the fire 13 O 
 
 22 Sept. (Saturday in that week). Tho- 
 mas Bernak, for ten pieces of Ryegate 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 stone for the form pieces at the east gable, 
 at 2s. lOrf. each, with carriage and boat- 
 age from Ryegate to the king's bridge at 
 the palace of Westminster I 8 4 
 
 28 Sept. Thomas Bernak, for five pieces 
 of Ryegate stone for the form pieces of 
 the east gable, at 2 s. 10c?. each O 14 2 
 
 2 Nov. [6 Edw. Ill,] Walter de Bury the 
 smith, for making two iron bars called 
 tirauntz, fifteen feet long each, out of 
 seven hundred of iron de Batm. received 
 by order of the treasurer out of the stores 
 in the Tower, and for work upon the said 
 two bars, for the purpose of strengthen- 
 ing and keeping in their places the moy- 
 nells k in the east gable, at the rate of 4 s. 
 an hundred; and three quarters of each 
 hundred was wasted in the fire, because 
 
 of the weakness of the iron 1 8 O 
 
 Porterage from the Tower to Westminster . 3 
 
 7 Dec. Thomas Bernak, for seventeen 
 form pieces of Ryegate stone for the win- 
 dow in the east gable, at 3 s. each 2 11 
 
 To the same for one piece for the said win- 
 dow of the said form, and which was a 
 little broken O 1 6 
 
 8 Feb. Thomas Bernak, for ten pieces of 
 Ryegate stone, called form pieces, for the 
 
 east gable, price each 2s. 6d 1 5 
 
 15 Feb. Thomas Bernak, for seventeen 
 form pieces of Ryegate stone for the gable, 
 at 2 s. each 1 14 O 
 
 To the same for five pieces of a small form 
 
 for the same, at lOd. each () 4 2 
 
 15 March. John de Ringwode, for two oak 
 boards for covering two tabernacles at 
 the east end, at 3 d. each O O (J 
 
 John de Lincoln, for one hundred beech 
 boards, eight feet long each, to cover the 
 soursadel reredos ! in the east gable O 6 8 
 
 Walter le Best, for two boards to cover the 
 
 said gable, at 6 d. each o 1 O 
 
 k i. e. the mullions of the window. 
 1 Qu. The joists of the screen? Rere dosse, is a screen at the back of the altar. See the Glossary at the end of Royal and 
 Noble Wills, 4to. p. 426. In fact, however, Rercdosse seems only a corruption of Arricre dos, which signifies behind the back, and 
 to mean the extreme wall. 
 
 2 B 
 
186 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Cartage, carriage, and boatage, of the said 
 
 boards, from Southwark to Westminster 4 
 
 15 March. Walter de Bury, smith, for 
 eighteen cramps to strengthen the stones 
 
 in the gable 1 6 
 
 To the same for twelve goromis m for the 
 
 same O O 6 
 
 To the same for s'ik small hooks to strengthen 
 
 the said stones O O 3 
 
 }g April. Thomas Bernak, for seventeen 
 form pieces of large Ryegate stone for the 
 east gable, at 4 s. each, with the carriage 
 from Ryegate to Westminster 3 8 O 
 
 26 April. Thomas Bernak, for nine Rye- 
 gate stones called form pieces, for the 
 gable, at 3 5. each 1 7 
 
 17 May. Thomas Bernak, for nine pieces 
 of Ryegate stone for the large forms at 
 the east gable, at 4*. each; with cartage 
 and carriage from Ryegate, and boatage 
 from Lambeth to Westminster * 1 l6 O 
 
 To the same for three pieces of Ryegate stone 
 for the said forms, in the said gable, at 
 3s. 6d. each O 10 6 
 
 14 June. Walter de Bury the smith, for 
 three gogons of iron for the gable, at 3d. 
 each O 9 
 
 9 August. Walter the smith, for six go- 
 romis of iron to strengthen the stones in 
 the lower gable, at 1 d. for two O O 3 
 
 16 August. Thomas Bernak, for eight stones 
 bought, which were wanting to close up 
 
 the aforesaid gable, at \s. 6d. each .... O 12 O 
 22 Aug." Nicholas Gerard, for sixteen 
 Ryegate stones, bought for the steps in 
 the tower towards the east, at \0d. each, 
 
 with boatage from Lambeth O 13 4 
 
 26March, [26Edw III.] Ralph Cambridge, 
 for three cups of the finials of the taberna- 
 cles in the east gable O 2 
 
 4 July, [25 Edw. III.] Master Andrew the 
 smith, for eighteen cramps and gorons, 
 bought for les vuz of the east part of the 
 chapel, weight thirty pounds and an half, 
 at two-pence a pound 5 3 
 
 C s. d. 
 
 11 July. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 eight bars of iron, bought to strengthen 
 the stones at the top of the east vice of the 
 same chapel, weight twenty-seven pounds, 
 at 2 d. per pound 4 6 
 
 SIDES AND WALLS OF THE CHAPEL. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 23 Nov. [6 Edw. III.] To two workmen 
 covering over the walls of the chapel, live 
 days, at 3 d. a day each O 2 6 
 
 Morrow of St. Michael, [7 Edward III.] 
 Walter Merye, and Ralph le Hunte, two 
 layers of stone, working there and laying 
 the stones on the gable and walls of the 
 chapel, four days, at 5^d. a day each ... 3 8 
 
 6 Nov. [15 Edw. III.] Richard Bacon, 
 plasterer, working on the aforesaid wall 
 in the said chapel, [viz. the wall on the 
 south side,] and the windows there, for 
 three days, at 6d. a day O 1 6 
 
 Richard de Waltham, plasterer, working 
 
 there, for three days, at 4 d. a day O 1 O 
 
 Gilbert of Notingham, Richard Scaite, and 
 William Notele, three boys carrying plas- 
 ter and water, and serving the plasterers, 
 for three days, at 3 d. a day each 2 3 
 
 23 April, [26 Edw. III.] To seven masons 
 working on the door under the Prince's 
 Chamber, and upon le Resedos, on the 
 north part of the chapel, and upon the 
 ' stapulationem' of the stones for the 
 walls near the queen's bridge, for five 
 days, at 5 d. a day each 014 7 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 30 June, [5 Edw. III.] Thomas Bernak, 
 for ten pieces of Ryegate stone for the 
 form pieces on the sides of the chapel, 
 at Is. each 1 
 
 28 Sept. Thomas Bernak, for two pieces 
 of Ryegate stone for the form pieces to 
 the sides, at Is. each O 4 
 
 9 Nov. [6 Edw. HI.] Thomas Clip, for 
 five hundred reeds, for covering the 
 
 m Qu. Wedges? from the P'rench giron, which in Heraldry, means a triangular figure like a wedge. See Chambers's Diet. 
 
 n The year not certain, but supposed between 7th and 10th Edw. III. 
 Prol ably the stairs. One sense of the French substantive Vis, as given by Cotgrave, is a winding staircase. See Cotgrave's Diet. 
 
187 
 
 walk of the chapel, and the stones 
 and timber, at 1 1 d. an hundred, with 
 boatage 4 7 
 
 Q August. Michael of Canterbury, marble 
 mason, for one boat load of cartat, with 
 stones called rag, of the weight of ten 
 dolers, to fill up between the walls of 
 the said new chapel O 8 
 
 24 Oct. [15 Edw. III.] Agnes le Disshere, 
 for six pieces of alder timber for a scaf- 
 fold to the chapel of St. Stephen, near 
 the Receipt, to repair and mend the wall 
 on the south side with plaster of Paris 
 afresh, the length of each fourteen feet, 
 at 2d. each O 1 O 
 
 Richard Bacon, for six bushels of white plas- 
 ter for the said wall, at 1 s. 3d. a bushel . O 7 6 
 
 To the same for three bushels of black plas- 
 ter for the said wall, at 1 5. a bushel .... 3 
 
 Porterage and boatage of the said plaster 
 
 from the Vintry to Westminster li 
 
 5 March, [26 Edw. III.] Master Andrew 
 the smith, for one mattoc and picoys, [i. e. 
 pick-ax,] to take down the wall and seat p 
 in the same chapel, where the stall is 
 placed O 1 6 
 
 John Brother, for one ship load of chalk, 
 for the repair of the wall behind the stalls 
 in the same chapel O Q O 
 
 Alexander Bacon, for one hundred sacks of 
 
 lime, for the same O 6 
 
 Porterage and boatage of the aforesaid things 
 
 from London to Westminster 1 1 
 
 FRONT OR WEST END OF CHAPEL. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 23 August, [6 Edw. III.] John de Hun- 
 gerford, carpenter, working and making 
 the large timbers for the scaffold to be 
 erected afresh round the towers of the 
 front of the chapel, for six days, at 5 d. a 
 day O 2 6 
 
 Geoffrey Crey, and William de Karleton, 
 
 £. s d. 
 
 two scaffold makers, making and tying 
 
 the scaffold, five days, at 3%d. a day each O 2 11 
 
 Morrow of St. Michael, [7 Edward III.] 
 Walter Merye, and Ralph le Hunte, two 
 layers of stone working there, and laying 
 the stones on the gable and walls of the 
 chapel, for four days at 5%d. a day each .038 
 
 21 March. John de Hungerford, carpenter, 
 working there two days, mending and 
 ornamenting a part of the pent-house on 
 the gable, where the masons began that 
 week to lay the stones on the said gable, 
 at 5d. a day 10 
 
 11 April. Geoffrey le Craye, and Simon le 
 Strange, two scaffold makers, erecting 
 and making a new scaffold round the 
 tower on the north part of the gable, and 
 working there six days, at 3%d. a day 
 each 3 6 
 
 g Jan.i Richard de Bramcote, and John 
 Bekker, working on the said door, [viz. 
 a door in the west gable, which was to 
 be filled up,] for six days, at A\ d. a day 
 each 3 6 
 
 16 Jan. To two masons working on the 
 said door and gable, for six days, at A\d. 
 a day each 4 6 
 
 21 Oct. [15 Edw. III.] John de Glatton, 
 carpenter, working on the pent-house of 
 the west gable of the said new chapel, for 
 six days, at 5 d. a day 2 6 
 
 4 Nov. John de Glatton, carpenter, work- 
 ing on the pent-house of the said gable, 
 for six days, at Ad. a day O 2 
 
 2 April, [26 Edw. III.] Robert le Lokyere, 
 [i.e. the lock-smith ] for mending one 
 old lock ; for one new key to the same; 
 one latch, with the whole furniture for the 
 great door of the chapel near the door of 
 the little hall; one plate lock, with one bolt 
 of iron, for the low door leading per le vie r 
 into the Painted Chamber; and for one 
 bolt of iron, to be put on the navel * of 
 
 u Qu. Cart loads? Carrectata, signifies a cart load. Sec Du Fresne's Gloss, or Carrccta, is itself a cart with two whee's 
 The original word may, perhaps, be cartar, a contraction for cartarum, and that intended for carreciarum. 
 P The original word is scanuun, probably for scamnum, a seat or bench. 
 1 Supposed to be between 7th and lo.h year of Edward HI. 
 
 « Supposed to mean the stairs, as one sense of the French substantive Vis is a winding staircase. See Cotgravc's Diet. 
 
 » The leaf of the gate. 
 
 Ibid. 
 
188 
 
 £■ s. d. 
 
 the gate opposite the court formerly the 
 
 earl of Kent's, bought in gross 5 
 
 ] 3 August. John Box, mason, for taking 
 down and repairing the vice on the south 
 part of the chapel at the west end, as by 
 agreement made with him, besides his 
 task 5 7 10 
 
 [18 Rich. II.] For the wages of four layers 
 of stone working and labouring on the 
 repair of the walls of the hall, and in 
 laying the steps to make a way from the 
 cloisters to St. Stephen's Chapel in the 
 aforesaid palace, for twelve days, at 6d. 
 a day each I 4 O 
 
 For the wages of two masons working 
 about making a porch at the entrance 
 of the king's chapel, within the palace of 
 Westminster, and on a gable in the Hall, at 
 the west part, and also on a new window 
 in the king's said hall towards the afore- 
 said chapel, for forty-four days each, at 
 bd. a day 2 4 O 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 IfjJuly, [6 Edw. III.] Michael Dissher, 
 for fifty beams of alder, in length eighteen 
 feet each, to make the new scaffold at the 
 gable of the front of the new chapel . . . . O 8 O 
 
 To the same for five hundred scorts to tie 
 
 the scaffold I 8 
 
 To the same for twenty-four hurdles for the 
 
 said scaffold, at l|d. each 3 6 
 
 Cartage, carriage, and boatage of the same, 
 
 from Woodstreet to Westminster ...... O 4 
 
 20 July. For half an hundred of lime, 
 bought of William de Kent, to make 
 mortar for the lower gable in front of the 
 chapel 2 O 
 
 Walter the smith, for eight gogomis of iron 
 to strengthen the stones of the great 
 gable, at \ d. each O O 4 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 2 August. John de Parys, for plaster of 
 Paris, bought to mend the defects in the 
 great stones of the gable, and to mend 
 other stones and other works done there. 8 
 
 9 August. Thomas le Northerne, for half 
 an hundred of beech boards, six feet each 
 long, and one foot and an half broad, to 
 cover the stone masons and their assist- 
 ants in the front of the chapel, from the 
 wind and the rain ; with cartage and car- 
 riage of the same O 4 6 
 
 Thomas Bernak of Ryegate, mason," for 
 eight stones of a large form, for the work 
 of the lower gable of the front of the 
 chapel, at 4 s. each 1 13 O 
 
 To the same for six pieces of stone of ano- 
 ther form, and smaller price, for the 
 stairs Anglice grez " of the tower, which is 
 the south part of the gable of the front of 
 the said chapel, at 2s. 6d. each 15 
 
 23 August. Walter the smith, for two 
 hooks and two cramps, to strengthen the 
 stones on the gable O O 4 
 
 To the same for twenty goromis of iron, to 
 strengthen the stones in the work of the 
 said gable, at Id. for two O O 10 
 
 30 August. Walter the smith, for two large 
 staples and two large hooks of his own 
 iron, weighing fourscore pounds, to bear 
 and support two large images in the front 
 of the chapel 10 O 
 
 Morrow of St. Michael, anno J. Thomas 
 Bernak of Ryegate, for twenty-four stones, 
 one with another, four feet and an half 
 long, for the two towers of the front of the 
 chapel, and to enclose and complete the 
 lower gable of the same chapel, at l s. 
 each 1 4 O 
 
 Richard of Talworth, merchant and citizen 
 of London, for half an hundred of wood 
 to melt the lead, solder, and the masons' 
 cement, to strengthen, join, and solder 
 the stones 1 O 3 O 
 
 ' The original word is Rokarius, which, probably, means a quarryman, or dealer in stone. 
 u It is impossible to let the inaccuracy of this expression pa5s without notice. For fear the Latin word should not be sufficiently 
 intelligible, the accountant professes to translate it into English. Meaning only to translate it into a term better understood, he forgot 
 that by ' Anglice' he was confined to the use of English ; and therefore has adopted a French appellation, which was perhaps well 
 understood by the workmen of the time. 
 
189 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Walter the smith, for twelve cramps, of his 
 own iron, to solder and join several stones 
 of the gable O 8 
 
 18 Oct. Robert deThorney, for two thou- 
 sand of lath-nails to cover with laths the 
 pent-house over the gable, to preserve it 
 from the wind and rain for the winter 
 at \Od. a thousand 18 
 
 Michael le Disshere, for one hundred and 
 an half of beams of alder, to make the 
 said pent- house over the said gable, at 2d. 
 each 1 5 O 
 
 To the same for carriage of the same from 
 
 Woodstreet to Westminster O O (i 
 
 Robert Mancel, for one thousand of beech 
 laths for the said pent-house, and to mend 
 other defects, at 2\ d. an hundred 2 1 
 
 Carriage of the same from Southwark to 
 
 Lambeth O O 2 
 
 Eoatage of the same from Lambeth to the 
 
 Bridge at Westminster 1 
 
 25 Oct. Thomas de Bernak of Ryegate, for 
 twelve large and square stones for several 
 works for the wall near the gable front 
 of the chapel, at (id. each, with carriage 
 of the same from Ryegate to Westmin- 
 
 ster O 6 O 
 
 Nicholas Jouri, for three hundred reeds to 
 cover the pent-house over the gable, at 
 \0d. an hundred O 2 6 
 
 7 March." Peter Bernak of Ryegate, for 
 six stones, the length of each, one with 
 another, six feet, for making the steps of 
 one of the towers of the chapel, at 8d. 
 each, with carnage of the same from Rye- 
 gate to Westminster 4 O 
 
 11 April. W slier the smith, for eighteen 
 new irons, called tyraunts, the length of 
 each two feet, and the breadth two inches 
 and a quarter, for the tower of the gable, 
 at 3 d. each O 4 6 
 
 IS April. Michael le Disser, for half an 
 hundred of poles of alder, to make the 
 new scaffold round two towers of the 
 gable of the chapel, length of each, one 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 with another, eighteen feet, at 2d. 
 
 each 8 4 
 
 18 April. Walter the smith, for twelve 
 cramps, called tirauntz of iron for strength- 
 ening the stones of the different forms in 
 the two towers near the gable, the length of 
 
 each, one with another, two feet, and two 
 
 inches broad, at 3 d. each O 3 O 
 
 To the same for six small goromis of iron, 
 
 for the said work, at an \d. each O 3 
 
 24 May. Michael le Dissere, for half an 
 hundred of poles of alder, for erecting the 
 scaffold round the tower of the great 
 gable, at 2 d each 8 4 
 
 30 May. Nicholas Gerad of Lambheth, 
 stone mason," for twenty five stones of 
 Regate, called pas, to make the steps 
 of the two towers near the great ga- 
 ble, at 10(Z. each, with carriage of the 
 same from Lambeth to Westminster 
 Bridge 12 6 
 
 30 May. Walter the smith, for twelve 
 great tyrauns of iron to strengthen the 
 stones in the several forms upon the towers 
 of the great gable, price of each 3d 3 O 
 
 To the same for six cramps, for the afore- 
 said work, at 3 (/. each O 1 6 
 
 12 Sept. Walter de Bury the smith, for 
 six large goromis of iron, for joining 
 and strengthening the stones in the tower 
 of the gable, and for strengthening and 
 keeping in their places the pinnacles to 
 the tower, at O'd. each O 3 O 
 
 20 Sept. Nicholas Garard, for ten Ryegate 
 
 stones, for the tower and gable, at ]()(/. each 8 4 
 
 g Jan. Wm. de Kent, for half an hundred 
 of lime, for mortar to close up the door 
 
 in the west gable O 2 O 
 
 John de Shawe, for three cart loads of sand 
 
 for the said mortar 3 
 
 4 Nov. [1/ Edward III.] Thomas le Cok, 
 for two hundred of Hcrt-laths for the 
 aforesaid pent-house of the said gable, at 
 
 6d. an hundred 1 O 
 
 18 July, [25 Edw. III.] Master Andrew 
 
 ■ Supposed between 7il> and loth Edw. Ill- 
 
 * Rokariu;, as before. 
 
190 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 the smith, for two circles of iron for the 
 
 top of the west tower of the chapel .... 1 3 4 
 
 5 March, [26 Edward III.] Master An- 
 drew the smith, for a plate of iron to 
 put upon the door del vis occidental of 
 the chapel O O 2| 
 
 g July, [20 Edward III.] Master Andrew 
 the smith, for fifty-two cramps, pro vice 
 Australi, at the west part of the chapel, 
 weight seventy-one pounds, at 2c?. per 
 pound 11 10 
 
 18 Rich. II.] Laurence Gerond, for one 
 hundred and ninety-two feet of stone 
 called Pas, for making the steps of St. 
 Stephen's Chapel, within the same time, 
 [i.e. from Easter, anno 18, to the same 
 feast next following, viz. 19 Rich. II.] at 
 6d. a foot 4 16 O 
 
 UPPER STORY AND CEILING OF CHAPEL. 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 15 Oct. [21 Edw. III.] For the wages of 
 sixteen carpenters working there on the 
 " stapulationem," of the timber for the 
 vonsure y of the upper chapel, for six 
 days, at 6d. a day each 2 8 
 
 For the wages of two carpenters appnt. z 
 carving the bosses of the upper chapel, 
 for five days, at Ad. a day each O 3 4 
 
 22 Oct. For the wages of twenty-three 
 carpenters, working as well on the vosura a 
 of the said chapel, as upon the new house 
 near the Receipt, [i. e. near the Receipt 
 offices of the Exchequer,] for six days, at 
 
 6d. a day each 3 9 
 
 For the wages of one carpenter working on 
 the bosses of the said chapel, for the 
 
 same time, at Ad. a day 2 
 
 19 May. John Fulbourn, Thomas Seli, 
 with eighteen carpenters, working there 
 on the vosura of the upper chapel, for 
 
 6 days, at 6 d. a day each 3 
 
 To four carpenters working there on the 
 works of the same vosura, for six days, at 
 b d. a day each 10 
 
 y Or vaulting. 
 
 I- d. 
 
 William Bustlesham, a carpenter, working 
 
 with them for six days, at 6d. a day ... 3 O 
 
 27 Feb. [26 Edward III.] Ralph Hugyn, 
 John Maydeston, John Beche, Richard 
 de Wicombe, with eight other masons 
 working there, on the aforesaid works, 
 and on the pontell and coupis, and on 
 taking down the wall in the upper chapel, 
 where the stalls are to stand, for six days, 
 
 at 5%d. a day each 1 13 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 Last Sept. [19 Edw. III.] Hugh de Don- 
 nulton, for two form pieces for the upper 
 story of the chapel, at 1 s. 8 d. each . . . . O 3 4 
 
 29 Oct. Hugh de Donnilton, for three form 
 pieces for the upper story of the chapel, at 
 1 s. 8d. each O 5 O 
 
 4 Nov. Hugh de Donnilton, for six form 
 pieces of Ryegate stone for the upper 
 story of the chapel, at Is. 8d. each 10 O 
 
 12 Nov. Hugh de Donnilton, for eight 
 form pieces for the upper story of the 
 chapel, at Is. 8d. each 13 4 
 
 Hugh de Donnilton, for fourteen pieces of 
 Ryegate stone, at Is. 8d. each, for the 
 
 upper story of the chapel 1 3 4 
 
 18 Nov. Hugh de Donnilton, for six form 
 pieces of Ryegate stone for the upper 
 story of the chapel, at Is. 8d. each .... 10 O 
 
 26 Nov. Hugh de Donnilton, for three 
 form pieces for the upper story of the 
 chapel, at 1 s. 8 d. each 3 4 
 
 24 March. [21 Edw. TIL] William Bonet, 
 for sixty plaunch boards, bought and used 
 in the floor over the ceiling of the upper 
 chapel 1 O 
 
 Boatage of the said plaunch boards, and 
 other things, from London to Westmin- 
 ster several times O O 10 
 
 1 August, [25 Edw. III.] Richard de Euer, 
 for two hundred of Ryngholt boards, 
 bought for the scaffold of the upper chapel 3 6 8 
 
 Boatage of the same from London to West- 
 minster 1 6 
 
 a Vaulting. 
 
 z Qu Apprentices. 
 
191 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 1/ Oct. [26 Edw. III.] For two large go- 
 
 rons for the works of the upper chapel, 
 
 weight ten pounds I 10 
 
 28 Nov. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 n ine cramps and five goron s, for strengthen- 
 ing the stones in the upper chapels, weight 
 nine pounds, at 1 \ d. a pound O 1 1 ^ 
 
 13 May. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 forty-six cramps for the water-gate, and 
 for the works of the upper chapel, weight 
 thirty-five pounds and an half, at \^d. per 
 pound 4 5 
 
 13 Aug. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 twenty-nine staples to strengthen the 
 gutters of the great hall, and forty cramps 
 for the works of the upper chapel, weight 
 one hundred pounds and an half, at 2 c?. 
 per pound 16 Q 
 
 27 Aug. John Profit, for sixteen loads of 
 Reygate stone for the alura b of the upper 
 chapel, at Is. 8d. per load 1 6 8 
 
 Carriage of the same from Ryegate to Ba- 
 
 trichsey O 16 
 
 Boatage of the same from Batrichsey to 
 
 Westminster O 2 O 
 
 15 Oct. Anno 21. One hundred Estrich 
 boards, bought and expended in the ceil- 
 ing of the king's chapel at Westminster. 15 O 
 
 Carriage of the same from Botolph's Wharf 
 
 to Westminster O O 4 
 
 21 July. William Beynes, for six hundred 
 nails for the ceiling of the chapel, and 
 
 for the scaffolding O 1 0^ 
 
 John Syward, for two hundred soundes, 
 to make glue for the works of the ceiling 
 of the same chapel O 2 6 
 
 GLAZIERS AND PRINTERS ON GLASS. 
 
 20 June, [25 Edw. III. J Master John de 
 Chester, glazier, working on the drawing 
 of several images for the glass windows 
 of the king's chapel aforesaid, at /s. a 
 week 7 
 
 John Athelard, John Lincoln, Simon Lenne, 
 John Lenton, and Godman de Lenton, 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 five master glaziers working there on 
 
 similar drawings, five days, at 1 s. a day .15 
 
 Wm. Walton, Nicholas Dadyngton, John 
 Waltham, John Lord, William Lichesfeld, 
 John Seines, Thomas Jonge, John Ged- 
 dyng, John Halsted, Robert Norwich, 
 and Wm. de Lenton, eleven painters on 
 glass, painting glass for the windows of 
 the upper chapel, five days, at 7 d. a day. 1 12 1 
 
 Wm. Ens, Wm. Hame, Wm. Hereford, 
 John Person, John Cosyn, Andrew 
 Horkesle, John Burton, Thomas Dun- 
 mow, John Attewode, Wm. Depyng, 
 Adam Norwich, Geoffry Starky, Wm. 
 Papelwick, Wm. Bromley, and Wm. Naf- 
 freton, fifteen glaziers working there on 
 the cutting and joining the glass for the 
 
 windows, six days, at 6d. a day 2 5 O 
 
 2/ June. John Geddyng, for washing the 
 
 tables for drawing on the glass 4 
 
 2/ June. Master John de Chester, glazier, 
 working there on the drawing of the said 
 tables, for his wages by the week, as 
 above O 7 
 
 John Athelard, John Lincoln, Simon de 
 Lenn, and John de Lenton, working there 
 on the aforesaid drawing, six days, at 1 s. 
 a day 1 4 O 
 
 Godman de Lenton, glazier, working with 
 them on the aforesaid works, four days, 
 at 1 5. a day O 4 O 
 
 Wm. Walton, John Waltham, John Carleton, 
 John Lord, Wm. Lichesfeld, John Hal- 
 sted, and John Geddvng, seven glaziers, 
 working there on the drawing of the 
 glass for the windows, six days, at J d. a 
 clay each 1 4 6 
 
 Nicholas Dadyngton, John Seines, Thomas 
 le Yonge, Robert Norwich, and Wm. 
 Lenton, five glaziers, painting glass with 
 the aforesaid glaziers, five days, at yd. a 
 day each 11 7 
 
 Wm. fins, glazier, with his nine fellow- 
 glaziers working there on the joining of 
 glass for the windows, six days, at 6d. a 
 day each 1 10 O 
 
 b Q U . Gallery, or passage ? from the French Allicurc, and that from Allcr, to go. See Skinner's Eiymol. Anglic, ait. Gallery. 
 
192 
 
 £■ *■ 
 
 John Burton, Thomas Dunmowe, Jolin 
 Attewode, and Win. Brombele, four gla- 
 zieis, working there on the aforesaid 
 works, five days, at 6d. a day each O 10 
 
 4 July. Master John de Chester, glazier, 
 working there on the aforesaid works, for 
 his weekly wages as above O 7 
 
 John Lyncoln, Simon de Len, John Athe- 
 lard, John de Lenton, and Godman de 
 Lenton five glaziers, working there on 
 several drawings for the windows, five 
 days, at 1 s. a day each 1 5 
 
 Hugh de Luchesfeld, glazier, working with 
 them, for two days, at 1 s. a day O 2 
 
 Nicholas Dadyngton, John Seines, Thomas 
 Yonge, Robert Norwich, and Wm, de 
 Lenton, five glaziers, working there on 
 the drawing of the glass for the windows, 
 six days, at y d. a day each 1 7 
 
 For the wages of six glaziers working there 
 on the drawing of the glass for the win- 
 dows, for five days, at yd. a day each. . . O 17 
 
 John Geddyng, glazier, working there with 
 them, for two days, at yd. a day O 1 
 
 Wm. Ens, and fifteen others, working there 
 on the aforesaid works, five days, at 6 d, 
 a day each 2 
 
 Robert Yerdesle, glazier, working there 
 with them, five days, on the aforesaid 
 works, at 4d . a day O 1 
 
 1 1 July. Master John de Chester, drawing 
 there on several drawings for the glass 
 windows of the chapel, six days, for his 
 wages as above 7 
 
 Master John Athelard, and five other gla- 
 ziers, working there on the said works, 
 six. days, at 1 s. a day each 1 16 
 
 John Walton, and eleven other glaziers, 
 working there on the drawing of the glass 
 for the windows, six days, at yd. a day 
 each 2 2 
 
 Wm. Ens, and fourteen others, working 
 there six days, on the cutting and joining 
 the glass for the windows, at 6d. a day 
 
 each 2 5 
 
 Robert Yerdesle working there with them, 
 
 six days, at Ad. a day O 2 
 
 18 July. Master John de Chester, glazier, 
 
 d. 
 
 £ s. d: 
 
 working on the glass of the windows, five 
 
 days, for his wages 6 O 
 
 Master John Athelard, John Lincoln, Hugh 
 Lichesfeld, Godman de Lenton, and 
 John de Lenton, glaziers, working there, 
 five days, at Is. a day each 1 5 O 
 
 John Walton, and eleven others, working 
 there on the painting of the glass for the 
 windows, five days, at yd. a day each . . 115 O 
 
 Wm. Ens, and thirteen others, working 
 there on the same glazing for the win- 
 dows, five days, at 6 d. a day each 1 15 
 
 Robert Yerdesle, working with them, at 4d. 
 
 a day, five days O 1 8 
 
 25 July. Master John de Chester, and five 
 other glaziers, working there on the same 
 glazing, six days, at Is. a day each, .... 1 16 O 
 
 John Walton, glazier, and eleven others, 
 working there on the painting of the 
 glass for the windows, six days, at y d. a 
 day each 2 2 O 
 
 William Ens, and nine others, working there 
 on the aforesaid works, six days, at 6 d. a 
 day each 1 10 O 
 
 John Brampton, and four others, working 
 there on the same glazing, five days, at 
 6d. a day each O 12 6 
 
 Robert Tame, glazier, working with them 
 
 on the said works, five days, at Ahd. a day 1 10§ 
 
 Robert Yerdesle, glazier, working with them 
 
 five days, at Ad. a day O 1 8 
 
 1 August. Master John de Chester, glazier, 
 working there on the glazing of the win- 
 dows, for his weekly wages 6 
 
 Master John Athelard, and four others, 
 working there on several drawings for the 
 windows, five days, at 1 s. a day each ... 1 5 O 
 
 John Waltham, and five others, working 
 there, painting the glass for the said win- 
 dows, five days, at yd. a day each 17 6 
 
 Nicholas de Dadyngton, and five others, 
 painting glass there for the windows, six 
 
 days, at yd. a day each l i o 
 
 Wm. Ens, and ten others, joining the glass 
 
 for the windows, five days, at 6d. a day each 1 7 6 
 
 Thomas Dunmowe, John Attellbode, Wm. 
 de Brumle, three glaziers working with 
 them, six days, at 6d. a day each g 
 
193 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Robert de Tame, working with them six 
 
 days, at 4%d. a day O 2 3 
 
 Robert de Yerdesle, glazier, working with 
 
 them, five days, at A d. a day 18 
 
 8 Aug. Master John de Chester, and five 
 other glaziers, working on the glazing 
 of the windows, six days, at 1 s. a day 
 each t 16 O 
 
 John Walton, and six other glaziers, paint- 
 ing the glass for the windows, six days, 
 at yd. a day each 1 A 6 
 
 For the wages of five glaziers working with 
 
 them, five days, at yd. a day each 14 7 
 
 Win. Ens, and nine other glaziers, work- 
 ing there upon the joining and cooling 
 the glass for the windows, six days, at 6d. 
 a day 1 10 
 
 For the wages of six glaziers working there, 
 
 five days, at 6d. a day each O 15 O 
 
 For the wages of two glaziers working with 
 
 them, five days, at 4 § d. a day each O 3 Q 
 
 15 Aug. Master John Chester, glazier, draw- 
 ing the images e for the glass of the win- 
 dows, for his wages O 6 
 
 John Athelard, and five others doing the 
 
 same, five days, at 1 s. a day each 1 10 
 
 Wm. Walton, and five other glaziers, paint- 
 ing the glass for the windows, five days, 
 at 7 d. a day each 17 6 
 
 Nicholas Dadyngton, and five other glaziers 
 doing the same, five days, at 6d. a day 
 each 1 1 O 
 
 Wm. Ens, glazier, and ten others, joining 
 and laying d the glass for the windows, 
 five days, at 0" (/. a day each 1 7 6 
 
 John Brampton, glazier, and four other gla- 
 ziers working there and doing the same, 
 six days, at 6 d. a day each .... 15 
 
 Robert Tame, working with them for the 
 same time on the glazing of the windows, 
 at A\d. a day O 2 3 
 
 Robert de Yerdesle, working on the afore- 
 said works, five days, at 4 d. a day O 1 8 
 
 22 Aug. Master John de Chester, and six 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 other glaziers working there on the draw- 
 ing of the images for the windows, six 
 days, at 1 s. a day each 2 2 
 
 Wm. de Walton, and six other glaziers 
 working there on the painting of the 
 glass for the windows, six days, at yd. a 
 day each 1 1 
 
 Nicholas Dadyngton, and five others doing 
 
 the same, five days, at yd. a day each ..017 V 
 
 Wm. Ens, and ten other glaziers working 
 there on the aforesaid works, six days, at 
 6d. a day each 1 13 O 
 
 John Brampton, and four other glaziers 
 working with them, five days, atQd. a 
 day ...... O 12 6 
 
 Robert de Tame, glazier, working there 
 
 with them, five days, at A\d. a day .... 1 10 O 
 
 Robert de Yerdesle, working with them, 
 
 five days, at Ad. a day O 1 8 
 
 29 Aug. Master John de Chester, glazier, 
 working on the glazing of the windows, 
 six days, for his wages as above O 6 O 
 
 Master John Athelard, glazier, and five others 
 working on the glazing of the windows, 
 six days, at ] s. a day each 1 10 O 
 
 Wm. Walton, and four other glaziers paint- 
 ing the glass for the windows, six days, 
 at yd. a day each O 14 7 
 
 Nicholas Dadyngton, and five other glaziers 
 working on the works of the windows, 
 six days, at yd. a day each I 1 O 
 
 Wm. Ens, and ten other glaziers working 
 there on the joining the glass for the win- 
 dows, five days, at Qd. a day. each l 7 Q 
 
 John Brampton, and four oilier glaziers 
 doing the same, six days, at Qd. a day 
 each O 15 O 
 
 Robert Tame, and Robert de Yerdesle, gla- 
 ziers, working with them, five days, at 
 the same daily wages each as above, . . . . O 3 6£ 
 
 5 Sept. Master John de Chester, and six 
 other glaziers working on the glazing of 
 the same windows, six days, at 1 s. a day 
 each 2 2 O 
 
 d The original word ia Cular.r. 
 in its placet 
 
 * Or, in mrdrm lane-nape, fgurrs r or the glass. 
 Can it jruan Cube, to squaic ? In other parts Culant auium occurs, pliich will be explained 
 
194 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Wra. Walton, and six other glaziers work- 
 ing there on the painting of the glass for 
 the windows, six days, at yd. a day each 14 6 
 
 Nicholas Dadyngton, and three others, 
 painting the glass with them for the win- 
 dows, five days, at 7 d. a day each Oil 8 
 
 William Ens, and ten other glaziers laying 
 the glass for the windows, six days, at 6d. 
 a day each 1 13 O 
 
 John Brampton, and four other glaziers doing 
 the same there, five days, at 6d. a day 
 each O 12 6 
 
 Robert Tame, and Robert Yerdesle, serving 
 them, five days, at the same daily wages 
 as above O 3 6| 
 
 12 Sept. Master John de Chester, and John 
 Athelard, glaziers, drawing images for 
 the glass windows in the same chapel, at 
 the weekly M ages of 6s. each 12 O 
 
 For the wages of five glaziers doing the 
 
 same there, five days, at 1 s. a day each .15 
 
 Wm. Walton, and five others, painting the 
 glass for the windows, five days, at 7 d. a 
 day each O 17 6 
 
 Nicholas Dadyngton, and five others, doing 
 
 the same, six days, at yd. a day each ... 1 1 O 
 
 Wm. Ens, and ten others, joining and cool- 
 ing the glass for the windows, five days, 
 at 6d. day each 1 7 6 
 
 John Brampton, and three others doing the 
 
 same, six days, at 6d. a day each 12 O 
 
 Robert Tame, and Robert Yerdesle, gla- 
 ziers, working with them, five days, one 
 at -l^d. a day, the other at 4d O 3 6% 
 
 19 Sept. Master John de Chester, and six 
 other glaziers, painting glass for the said 
 windows, six days, at 1 5. a day each. ... 2 2 O 
 
 Wm. Walton, and six other glaziers, paint- 
 ing glass for the windows, six days, at 7 d. 
 a day each 1 4 6 
 
 Nicholas Dadyngton, and four others, doing 
 
 the same, five days, at yd. a day each ... O 14 7 
 
 Wm. Ens, and thirteen others, working there 
 on the repair of the glass for the windows, 
 five days, at 6d. a day each 1 15 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton working with them, 
 
 five days, at 5 d. a day 2 1 
 
 RobcrtTame, and Robert de Yerdesle, grind- 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 ing colours for the said glaziers, six days, 
 
 one at 4 \ d. a day, the other at 4c? 4 3 
 
 26 Sept. Master John de Chester, and John 
 Athelard, glaziers, working on the glass 
 of the windows, at the above weekly 
 wages 12 O 
 
 To four master glaziers doing the same, five 
 
 days, at 1 5. day each 10 
 
 Wm. Walton, and three others, doing the 
 
 same, five days, at yd. a day each Oil 8 
 
 Nicholas Dadyngton, and seven others, doing 
 
 the same, six days, at 7 d. a day each ... 1 8 O 
 
 Wm. Ens, and eight other glaziers working 
 on Ihe said glazing, five days, at 6d. a 
 day each 1 2 6 
 
 John Brampton, and three other glaziers, 
 doing the same, six days, at 6d. a day 
 each 12 O 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton, working with them, 
 
 six days, at 5 d. a day O 2 G 
 
 Robert Yerdesle, grinding colours for the 
 painting of the glass, five days, at Ad. a 
 day 1 8 
 
 3 Oct. Master John de Chester, John Athe- 
 lard, John Lincoln, Hugh Lichesfeld, Si- 
 
 mon de Lenne, and John de Lenton, six 
 master glaziers, drawing and painting on 
 white tables several drawings for the glass 
 windows of the same chapel, five days, at 
 1 5. a day each 1 16 O 
 
 Wm. Walton, John Waltham, John Carle- 
 ton, John Lord, Wm. Lichesfeld, John 
 Alsted, Edward de Bury, Nicholas Da- 
 dyngton, Thomas Yong, Robert Nor- 
 wich, and John Goddyng, eleven glaziers, 
 painting glass for the windows, five days, 
 at 7 d. a day each 1 13 
 
 John Coventry, Wm. Hamme, Wm. Here- 
 ford, John Person, Wm. Nafreton, John 
 Cosyn, Andrew Horkesle, Wm. Depyng, 
 Geoffrey Starky, W m. Papelwick, John 
 Brampton, Thomas Dunmowe, John 
 Attewode, Wm. Bromle, fourteen gla- 
 ziers, breaking and joining the glass 
 upon the painted tables, five days, at 6 d. 
 a day 2 2 O 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton, and Robert Yerdesle, 
 two glaziers' boys, working with them 
 
195 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 on the breaking of the glass, five days, 
 
 at 4 \ d. a day each 4 6 
 
 10 Oct. Master John de Chester, and five 
 other glaziers, painting on the white ta- 
 bles for the works of the windows of the 
 same chapel, six days, at Is. a day each. 1 16 
 
 Wm. de Walton, and five others, painting 
 glass for the windows, six days, at yd. a 
 day each 1 1 P 
 
 John Halsted, and four other workmen 
 
 doing the same, five days, at yd. day each 14 7 
 
 John Coventry, and nine other glaziers, lay- 
 ing the glass on the tables and painting 
 
 it, six days, at 6d. a day each 1 10 O 
 
 John Brampton, and John Burton, and four 
 others, doing the same, five days, at 6d, 
 a day each O 15 
 
 Thomas de Dadyngton, and Robert Yer- 
 desle, grinding different colours for the 
 painting of the glass, five days, at A\d. a 
 day O 3 
 
 17 Oct. Master John de Chester, and five 
 others, working on the aforesaid works, 
 five days, at Is. a day each 1 10 O 
 
 Wm. de Walton, and five others, painting 
 the glass for the windows, five days, at 7 d. 
 a day each 17 6 
 
 Wm. Lenton, John Alrewich, Edward Bury, 
 John Carleton, and John Aisled, and four 
 others, painting glass for the windows, six 
 days, at 7 d. a day each 1 11 6 
 
 John Coventry, and nine others, laying the 
 glass on the said tables, five days, at 6d. 
 a day each 1 5 o 
 
 John Lyons, Wm. Yns, and John Bramp- 
 ton, and five others, doing the same, six 
 days, at 6d. a day each 1 4 O 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton, and Robert Yerdesle, 
 grinding colours for the said painting, six 
 days, at 4%d. a day O 4 6 
 
 24 Oct. Master John de Chester, and five 
 other glaziers, working on the glass win- 
 dows, six days, at Is. a day each 1 16 O 
 
 Wm. Walton, and five others, painting glass 
 for the windows, six days, at 7 d. a day 
 each 1 1 
 
 John Halsted, and six others, doing the 
 
 same, five days, at yd. a day each 1 10 5 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 John Coventry, and eleven others, joining 
 the glass on the said tables, six days, at 6 J. 
 a day each 1 16 
 
 John Brampton, and five others, doing the 
 
 same, five days, at 6d. a day each 15 O 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton, and Robert Yerdele, 
 grinding colours for the painting of the 
 glass, five days, at A\d. a day 3 Q 
 
 30 Oct. John de Chester, and five other 
 glaziers, working on the glazing of the 
 said windows, five days, at li.a day each 110 
 
 Wm. de Walton, and twelve others, paint- 
 ing glass for the windows of the said 
 chapel, five days, at yd. a day each .... 1 1/ 11 
 
 John Coventry, and sixteen others, working 
 there on the glazing of the windows, five 
 days, at 6d. a day each 2 2 6 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton, and Robert Yerdele, 
 grinding colours for the painting of the 
 glass, five days, at A^d. a day each 3 Q 
 
 7 Nov. Master John de Chester, and four 
 other glaziers, working on the drawing of 
 the said tables for the glazing of the win- 
 dows, five days, at 1 s. a day each 1 5 O 
 
 Wm. Walton, and eleven others, painting 
 glass for the windows, six days, at yd. a 
 day each 2 2 O 
 
 John Covcntre, and sixteen other glaziers, 
 working on the glazing of the windows, 
 five days, at 6 d. a day each 2 2 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton, and Robert Yerckle, 
 grinding colours for the painting of the 
 glass, five days, at And. a day e3ch 3 9 
 
 14 Nov. Master John de Chester, John 
 Athelard, John Lincoln, and Hugh de 
 
 Lichesfeld, four glaziers, painting on the 
 white tables for the glazing of the win- 
 dows, six days, at 1 s. a day each 1 4 
 
 Wm. Walton, and eleven other glaziers, 
 painting glass for the windows of the said 
 chapel, six days, at yd. a day each 2 2 O 
 
 John Coventry, and fifteen others, laying 
 and joining the glass for the windows, six 
 clays, at 6 d. a day each 2 8 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton, and Robert Yerdele, 
 grinding colours for the painting of the 
 glass, six days, at 4 \ d. a day earh 4 6 
 
 21 Nov. Master John de Chester, glazier, 
 
196 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 ■with his three fjllow-workmen working 
 there on the glazing of the windows, at 
 6s. a week each 1 4 O 
 
 Wm. Walton, and eleven others, doing the 
 
 same there, five days, at yd. a day each 1 15 O 
 
 John Coventry, and fifteen others, layingglass 
 for the quarels of the said windows, five 
 days, at 6 d. a day each 2 O O 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton, and Robert Yerdesle, 
 grinding geet and arnement e for the paint- 
 ing of the glass, five days, at 4^d. a day 
 each O 3 g 
 
 28 Nov. Master John de Chester, and three 
 others, working there on the glazing of 
 the windows, five days, at 6s. a week. . . 1 4 
 
 Wm. de Walton, and eleven others, work- 
 ing there on the painting of the glass for 
 the windows, five days, at ~ d. a day each 1 15 O 
 
 John Coventry, and fifteen others, working 
 there, five days, on the aforesaid works, 
 at 6d. a day each 2 O O 
 
 Thomas Dadyngton, and Robert Yerdele, 
 grinding the colours for the painting of 
 the glass, five days, at 4^d. a day each ..03 g 
 
 5 Dec. [26 Edw. III.] Master John Ches- 
 ter, with his aforesaid three fellow-work- 
 men, drawing and painting several images 
 for the windows of the same chapel, five 
 days, at 6 j. a week each 1 4 
 
 3 August, [29 Edw. III.] To the glazier 
 mending the windows there, [i.e. in the 
 chapel], six days, lit 3 5. Ad. a week . . . . O 3 4 
 
 10 Aug. To the aforesaid glazier working 
 on the windows of the chapel, five days, 
 at 3 s. 4 d. a week O 2 g\ 
 
 W INDOWS. 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 2/ April, [5 Edw. III.] Thomas Bernak 
 of Lambeth, for twenty-three large Rye- 
 gate stones for the form pieces for the 
 windows, at 2 s. each, as by agreement 
 made between the master mason and the 
 said Thomas, with carriage and boatage 
 to the king's bridge at Westminster 2 6 < 
 
 £. *. 
 
 6 July. Thomas Bernak, for fourteen pieces 
 of Ryegate stone, called form pieces, for 
 the windows, at 2 s. each, with carriage 
 from Ryegate, and boatage to the king's 
 
 bridge l 8 O 
 
 20 July. William of Kent, for one hundred 
 
 of lime for mortar for the great window 
 
 in the east gable O 3 6 
 
 John Shaw, for four cart loads of sand for 
 
 the said mortar O O 4 
 
 7 Dec. Thomas Bernak, for seventeen form 
 pieces of Ryegate stone for the window in 
 
 the east gable, at 3 s. each 2 11 O 
 
 To the same for one piece for the said win- 
 dow of the aforesaid form, which was a 
 little broken O 1 6 
 
 15 June. Thomas Bernak, for fifteen pieces 
 of Ryegate stone for the mold pieces to 
 the upper windows, at 2s. each l 10 O 
 
 Saturday in the same week. Thomas Ber- 
 nak, for nineteen pieces of Ryegate stone 
 for the said molds, at 2 s. each 1 18 O 
 
 13 Nov. John of Walworth, glazier, for 
 three windows of white glass for the 
 chapel of St. Stephen, each of which con- 
 tained seven feet, viz. twenty-one feet in 
 all, at4d. a foot 7 O 
 
 For one long bar for a standard in one win- 
 dow o 6 
 
 To the same for nine small bars of iron,- 
 called sondlets, to hold the glass in the 
 said windows O 9 
 
 To the same for mending two iron bars, for 
 two standards in two windows, of the 
 king's iron O 3 
 
 20 June, [25 Edward III.] For sixty-one 
 sondlets, bought of master Andrew the 
 smith, for the east window of the chapel, 
 and used in the same, of the weight of 
 fifty-one pounds, at 2 d. per pound 8 6 
 
 25 July. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 several cramps, bars, and sondelets, for the 
 aforesaid glass windows, [viz. of the 
 chapel], weight fifty-one pounds, at 2d. 
 per pound O 8 6 
 
 * Jet, i.e. black, and arnement, i.e. orpimcnt. 
 
197 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Simon le Smyth, for one hundred nails, 
 
 bought to fasten in the glass Q 
 
 1 August. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 ninety sondelets of iron, bought for the 
 windows of the upper chapel, weight one 
 hundred and ninety-eight pounds, at 2c?. 
 per pound 1 13 O 
 
 One quarter of coals, bought to heat the 
 stones for the repair and mending of the 
 tabernacles and windows of the upper 
 chapel , O 1 2 
 
 Simon le Smyth, for two hundred of Clo- 
 ryng nails, bought to keep the glass toge- 
 ther till it was joined O 1 6 
 
 8 Aug. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 several cramps, bars, and sondelets, for 
 the glass windows, weight one hundred 
 and twenty-seven pounds and a quarter . . 1 1 2j 
 
 15 Aug. Wm. Holmere, for one hundred 
 and seven ponder f of white glass, bought 
 for the windows of the upper chapel, each 
 hundred containing one hundred and 
 twenty-four ponder, and each pondus five 
 pounds, at l6s. per hundred 1 O 8 
 
 Thomas de Badekewold, for one hundred 
 and ten ponder of glass, bought for the 
 said windows, at fourteen shillings per 
 hundred, and / (/. per pond 19 9 
 
 2(5 Sept. Henry Berdefeld, for one cord, 
 
 bought to draw up the panels of glass. . . O 6 
 
 3 Oct. [26 Edw. III.] Peter Bochcr, for 
 eight pounds of suett, bought for the sol- 
 dering of the glass windows 8 
 
 Leuen Crawe, for two ponder and four 
 pounds of blue glass, bought for the glaz- 
 ing of the windows, at \s. each ponder .0 2 11^ 
 
 Henry Staverne, for sixteen ponder of red 
 glass, bought for the windows of the upper 
 chapel, at 2s. 2 d. each ponder 1 14 8 
 
 10 Oct. Wm. Holmere, for one hundred 
 and ten pounds of blue coloured glass for 
 the windows of the upper chape], at 
 3/. 125. per hundred 3 18 
 
 Carriage of the same from Candlewick Street 
 
 to Westminster O 6 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 1/ Oct. John Trends, for ten hundred of 
 white glass, and of others of various co- 
 lours, bought for the windows of the said 
 chapel, at 18 s. an hundred Q O 
 
 Carriage and boatage of the same glass from 
 
 London to Westminster O 1 3 
 
 30 Oct. John Alemayne, for three hundred 
 and three pondus of white glass, each 
 hundred of twenty-four poder, and each 
 pondus of five pounds, bought for the 
 glazing of the said windows, at 12j. per 
 hundred I 17 6 
 
 Wm. Holmere, for carriageTjf the said glass 
 
 from Chiddyngfold to Westminster O 6 O 
 
 7 Nov. John de AJemayne, for thirty-six 
 ponder of white glass, bought for the win- 
 dows of the upper chapel, at 6d. per 
 ponder O 18 O 
 
 Wm. Holmer, for the carriage of the same 
 
 glass from Weld to Westminster O 3 O 
 
 14 Nov. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 fifty-seven sondelets, bought for the win- 
 
 dows of the upper chapel, weight seventy- 
 nine pounds and an half, at 2d. per pound 13 3 
 To the same for one hundred and thirty- 
 two sondelets, bought for the same win- 
 dows, and twenty-nine cramps, bought 
 for the wall near the water-gate, weight 
 in all two hundred and thirty pounds and 
 
 an half, price per pound as above 1 18 6 
 
 21 Nov. William Holmere, for twenty six 
 ponder of azure coloured glass, bought for 
 the glazing of the windows of the said 
 chapel, at 3 j. each pond 3 18 O 
 
 Porterage, carriage, and boatage, of the said 
 glass, and other things bought, from 
 London to Westminster several times. . . O Oil 
 
 12 Dec. Wm. Holmere, for sixty ponder 
 of white glass, bought at Chiddinfold, 
 for the windows of the same chapel, at 
 6d. per pond 1 10 O 
 
 Carriage of the aforesaid glass from Chyd- 
 
 dinfold to Westminster O 6 O 
 
 Master Andrew the smith, for one hundred 
 and twenty sondelets, bought for the glaz- 
 
 f 811. If this meat;? fodder, as we say a fodder of lead. 
 
198 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 ing of the said windows, weight one hun- 
 dred and ninety pounds, at l^d. per 
 pound 1 3 9 
 
 9 Jan. To the scaffold maker making a scaf- 
 fold for raising the glass of the panels of 
 glass in the windows of the chapel, for six 
 days, at 4| d. a day 2 3 
 
 [31 Edw.JIL] Thomas of St. Batho, gla- 
 zier, for one window of gla?s, bought for 
 the window over the chancel, forty feet, 
 at Is. 2d. each foot 2 6 8 
 
 To the same for four ponder of glass, bought 
 to mend the windows there, at 10 of. a 
 pound O 3 4 
 
 Nicholas le Pentrer, for one hundred and 
 sixty pounds of tin, bought for leading the 
 glass, at 3d. a pound 2 O O 
 
 John Zonge, for six pounds and an half of 
 wax, and three pounds of rosin, bought 
 for the masons and glaziers, price each 
 pound of wax 7i.d. and each pound of 
 rosin-2c£ 4 6f 
 
 GLASS WORKING. 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 4 July, [25 Edw. III.] Simon le Smith, for 
 seven croysours,s bought to break and 
 work the glass, price each l\d O 8 J 
 
 For cepo arietino h bought, and filings to 
 
 make solder for the glass windows O O 6 
 
 1 1 July. Simon le Smyth, for twelve Groi- 
 sours, bought for breaking the glass, at 
 l%d. each O 1 3 
 
 For Servicia," bought for the washing of the 
 
 tables for drawing on the glass O O 7 
 
 26 Sept. Simon le Smyth, for mending as 
 well the masons' tools as the Croysours 
 for the glaziers 1 5 j 
 
 3 Oct. [26 Edward III.] Peter Bocher, for 
 eight pounds of suet, bought for the sol- 
 dering of the glass windows O 8 
 
 Cervis k bought to wash " tabulam picta- 
 
 bulos," for the office of the glaziers .... 3 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 10 Oct. Simon le Smith, for mending 
 
 seventeen Croisours 7§ 
 
 30 Oct. Cervis bought as well for the wash- 
 ing of the tables of glass, as for the cool- 
 ing of the glass o O 8 
 
 1 4 Nov. John Geddyng, for Serevis for ne .v 
 washing and whitening the glaziers tables 
 anew 
 
 9 Jan. John Geddyng, for twenty- four Croy- 
 sours, bought for working the glass for 
 the windows of the said chapel, at l%d. 
 each e o 2 6 
 
 PAINTING ON GLASS. 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 20 June, [25 Edw. III.] John Geddyng, 
 
 for silver filings, bought for painting the 
 glass for the windows of the said chapel .008 
 25 July. Silver filings for the painting of 
 
 the glass o 5 
 
 1 August. Geet 1 bought for the painting 
 of the glass o 6 
 
 8 Aug. Silver filings bought for the painting 
 
 of the glass O 10 
 
 Thomas Boston, for one pound of arnement, m 
 
 bought for the painting of the glass O O 3 
 
 1 5 Aug. Silver filings bought and used on 
 
 the painting of the glass o O 7 
 
 22 Aug. Silver filings bought for the paint- 
 ing of the glass o O 8 
 
 29 Aug. Silver filings bought and used in 
 
 the painting of the glass O 9§ 
 
 5 Sept. Silver filings bought for the paint- 
 ing of the glass o 5 
 
 12 Sept. Filings for the painting of the 
 
 glass o O 3 
 
 1 9 Sept. Silver filings bought for the paint- 
 ing of the glass O 5 
 
 Richard Euer, for sixteen pounds of rosyn, 
 
 bought for the painting of the glass .... 2 
 
 3 Oct. [26 Edward III.] Fulco Spicer, for 
 three pounds of arnement, bought for the 
 painting of the glass for the windows of 
 the said chapel o 1 
 
 % Qu. Cross irons, as they are called. See the Glaziers' Arms in Bailey's Diet. art. Glass. 
 
 • Qu, Cerevisia, ale, or wort. k Ale, or wort. J Qu. Jet, or black. 
 
 h Mutton suet. 
 m Orpiment. 
 
199 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Silver filings bought for the painting of the 
 glass O O 5 
 
 7 Nov. John Geddyng, for five pounds of 
 
 geet, bought for the painting of the glass 3 4 
 
 John Geddyng, for silver filings, bought for 
 
 the painting of the glass O 4 
 
 14 Nov. Wm, Alemand, for two pounds of 
 arnement, bought for the painting of the 
 glass for the said windows O 1 O 
 
 5 Dec. Silver filings bought for the paint- 
 ing of the glass O 2 
 
 PURVEYORS OF GLASS, kc. 
 
 4 July, [25 Edw. III.] John Geddyng, gla- 
 zier, going with the king's commission 
 into Kent and Essex, to procure glaziers 
 for the works of the chapel, for four days, 
 going, remaining there, and returning, at 
 Is. a day for himself and his horse O 4 
 
 1 August. Wm. Holme, going on the busi- 
 ness of procuring glass for the windows of 
 the upper chapel, for two days, at Q d. a 
 
 day 1 6 
 
 30 Oct. John Gedding, for being em- 
 ployed on the providing of glass, for seven 
 days, going, remaining there, and return- 
 ing, at 1 s. a day for himself and his horse 7 
 
 2 Jan. For the wages of Robert de Camp- 
 sale, being employed on the business of 
 providing stone in the County of Kent, 
 viz. in the parts of Filkstan and Mayde- 
 stan, from the 29 Dec. to 4 Jan. next, for 
 
 seven clays, at Is. a day" O 7 o 
 
 PAVEMENT. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 2fj Feb. [10 Edw. III.] John Robes and Si- 
 mon Robes, twopaviours, laying the tiles in 
 the king's chapel, and making the pave- 
 ment there, for six days, at 5d. a day each 5 
 
 John of Canterbury, and John of Lynne, 
 two boys serving them, and making mor- 
 tar and carrying it, for six days, at 3d. a 
 day each O 3 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 19 Feb. [10 Edw. III.] William of Kent, 
 for five hundred tiles for the pavement of 
 the king's chapel, at 1*. an hundred. . . . O 5 O 
 
 To the same for three hundred and an half 
 of lime to make mortar for the tiles, at 4s. 
 an hundred 14 
 
 John de Foxley, for thirty-three loads of 
 
 sand, bought for mortar for the tiles. ... I 3 O 
 
 2fj Feb. Wiliiam of Kent, for two thousand 
 tiles for the pavement of the king's chapel, 
 at 10s. a thousand 1 O O 
 
 2 July, [26 Edw. III.] John Ponk, for five 
 hundred pavement tiles, bought for the 
 chamber and chapel of the king, in Wm. 
 de Hushboum's Ward O 6 O 
 
 Boatage of the same from London to West- 
 minster O O 2 
 
 FiNIALS OF THE CHAPEL. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 9 Jan. [26 Edw. III.] Master Andrew the 
 smith, for forty-four gorons for the finials 
 above the chapel, weight twenty pounds 
 and an half, at \ \ d. per pound 2 
 
 I'd Jan. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 thirty-two gorons, bought for the finials 
 of the chapel, weight fifty one pounds and 
 an half, at 1 h d. per pound 6 5£ 
 
 PINNACLES. 
 2iOct. [26 Edw. III.] Master Andrew , 
 for four gorons made for holding the tippet 
 stones upon the great pinnacles of the 
 chapel, weight thirty-three pounds . . . . ' 5 
 
 STALLS. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 25 July, [25 Edw. III.] Wm. Hurle, car- 
 penter, working on the work of the stalls, 
 for five days, for his weekly wages O 7 
 
 To two sawyers sawing timber for the stalls, 
 
 for five days, at 5d. a day each O 4 2 
 
 1 August. Master William Hurle, carpenter, 
 
 » This article in the account is struck out and disallowed, because, as a memorandum there says he received fixed wages. 
 
200 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 working on the repair of the stalls, for six 
 
 days, for his weekly wages 7 
 
 .Richard Wilton apparil [or foreman] of the 
 aforesaid works, working on the stalls, six 
 days, for his weekly wages O 3 6 
 
 Simon Crowe, Win. Bustlesham, John 
 Ansty, John Fynnore, and John de Lenn, 
 five carpenters, working on the stalls, six 
 days, at 6d. a day each o 15 O 
 
 John de Wilton, carpenter, working there 
 on the aforesaid works with the said work- 
 men, six days, at 4 \ d. a day O 2 3 
 
 8 Aug. Wm. Herland, carpenter, working 
 on the stalls of the aforesaid upper chapel, 
 five days, at the weekly wages of 4s. 8d. O 4 8 
 
 22 Aug. Wm. Hurle, carpenter, working 
 
 there on the stalls, for his week's wages . O 7 O 
 
 Wm. Herland, carpenter, working on the 
 
 stalls, six days, for his wages as above. ..04 8 
 
 Richard Wilton, apparil, working with them, 
 
 six days, for his wages as above 3 6 
 
 22 Aug. Rob. Long, with his fellow-work- 
 men, and Roger Southwark, and four 
 other sawyers, sawing timber for the stalls, 
 five days, at 5 d.-a day O 8 4 
 
 12 Sept. Wm. Hurle, and Wm. Herlond, 
 carpenters, working there as well on the 
 stalls as on the Seneschal's chamber, at 
 the weekly wages above Oil 8 
 
 Richard Wilton, apparil, working with them, 
 
 for his weekly wages as above O 3 6 
 
 3 Oct. [26 Edward III.] Robert Geffrey, 
 with his fellow-workman; Roger de South- 
 wark, and four sawyers, sawing timber 
 for the finials of the stalls of the king's 
 chapel, three days and an half, at 5d. a 
 day each 5 10 
 
 17 Oct. Wm. Crowe, carpenter, working 
 on the stalls, five days, at 3s. 6 d. a 
 week 3 6 
 
 For the wages of Master Edmund Canon, 
 master stone-cutter, working on the stalls 
 for the king's chapel, from the 5th day of 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 June, anno 3 1, to the 4 th day of the same 
 month, anno 32, [Edw. III.] for 364 days, 
 at 1 s. 6d. a day 27 6 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 1 August, [25 Edward III.] Richard Euer, 
 for one thousand great spikyng, bought 
 for the planks for the stalls of the king's 
 
 chapel O 5 
 
 17 Oct. Richard de Eucre, for one hundred 
 
 and fifty Ryngolt boards, bought for the 
 
 stalls of the king's chapel, at 1 /. 16s. 8d. 
 
 an hundred 2 5 O 
 
 14 Nov. Agnes Disshere, for one hundred 
 
 logs of alder, bought for a certain lodge 
 
 new made, for making the stalls of the 
 
 chapel in the same 1 
 
 Carriage of the same from Wood Street to 
 
 Westminster O 1 2 
 
 13 May. Wm. Korland, for two pounds of 
 
 glue, bought for the stalls in the chapel. O O 10 
 Wm . Frere, for twelve sondes de greylyng, 
 
 bought for the same O O 8 
 
 2 July. Thomas Devon, for one hundred 
 and sixty-three sondes, bought to join the 
 
 boards of the stalls O Q 3 
 
 26 March, [26 Edw. III.] Peter de Est- 
 combe, for one boat load of chalk, bought 
 for repairing le Reredos" for the placing 
 
 of the stalls of the said chapel O 7 6 
 
 4 June. John Brocher, for one boat load of 
 chalk, bought for Reredes on the outside 
 
 of the stalls of the upper chapel o 7 
 
 [3 I Edw. III.] To the prior of the church 
 of the Holy Trinity, for forty-four pieces 
 
 of timber, bought for the stalls in gross. . 10 O O 
 
 John Deynes, for twenty-one thousand nails, 
 called tacks, bought for the said stalls, at 
 1 s. per thousand 110 
 
 To the same for twenty-two thousand sprig- 
 nails, bought for the stalls, at 1 s. per 
 thousand 1 2 
 
 ° In the denary at the end of Royal and Noble Wills, p. 426, Rere dcsse, at the high altar, is rendered the screen at the back of 
 the high altar. Reredos, is evidently a corruption of Arriere dos, behind the back, and consequently signifies any thing behind ano- 
 ther; and from this circumstance, and not that in itself it means a screen, it is rendered a screen ; because that screen is behind the 
 altar. In the text, it seems only to imply the wall behind the stalls. 
 
201 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 To Master Andrew, for three pair of orna- 
 ments, bought for the stalls 3 
 
 William Leney, for one quartern of sea 
 
 coals, bought for the stalls O 2 
 
 Thomas Motte, for forty pounds of glue, 
 
 bought for the same, at 4d. per pound. . O 13 4 
 
 Thomas Atte Lee, for twenty -five fish 
 
 soundes, bought for the same O 2 
 
 IMAGES. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 13 Sept. [6 Edw. III.] Master Richard of 
 Reading, for making two images by task 
 work in gross, viz. for an image of St. 
 Edward, and another image of St. John, in 
 the likeness of a pilgrim, which images 
 are to be put in the front gable of the 
 chapel 3 6 8 
 
 26 Sept. [25 Edw. III.] Wm. de Padryng- 
 ton, for two images made for the chapel 
 by agreement made with him by the. trea- 
 surer to receive, by task work, for each 
 four marks 5 6 8 
 
 Wm. de Padryngton, mason, for making 
 twenty angels to stand in the tabernacles, 
 by task work, at 6s. 8d. for each image .6 13 4 
 
 To the same for making a certain image, 
 called John le Wayte, of stone found by 
 himself, by task work 1 6 3 
 
 To the same William for making three kings 
 to stand in the tabernacles of the chapel, 
 of the king's stone, by task work, at 
 2 1. 13 s. 4 d. for each image 8 O O 
 
 To the same William for making two images 
 of two Serjeants at arms, of the king's 
 stone, by task work, at 41. each image. .803 
 
 12 March, [26 Edward 111.] John Elham, 
 Gilbert Fokerigh, Wm.Walsingham, three 
 painters, painting the tabernacles and 
 images in the chapel, six days, at 10 d. a 
 day each 15 O 
 
 [31 Edward III.] William Patrington, for 
 making eleven images for the stalls, by 
 task work, at 8 s. each image 4 8 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 19 April, [6 Edw. III.] Thomas Bernak, 
 for one long and large stone, bought to 
 make an image of. 6 
 
 16 August. Thomas Bernak of Ryegate, 
 stone mason, for two large stones, bought 
 to make two images, price each 5 s. 6d. . 1 1 O 
 
 30 August. Walter the smith, for two large 
 staples and two large hooks of his own 
 iron, weight fourscore pounds, to bear and 
 support two large images in the front of 
 the chapel 10 
 
 19 March, [26 Edw. III.] Wm. Padryng- 
 ton, for one large stone, bought at Dun- 
 staple, for making an image of St. Ste- 
 phen o 10 
 
 To the same for the carriage of the same, 
 with two other stones, bought for the 
 images of two Serjeants at arms, from Dun- 
 staple to Westminster 10 O 
 
 To Wm. de Padryngton for one stone, 
 
 bought for an image of St. Stephen p. .. . 10 O 
 
 To the same for two stones, bought for two 
 
 images of two Serjeants at arms l 
 
 To the same William for the carriage of the 
 two stones for the aforesaid scrjeants at 
 arms, from Egremond to Westminster. . 10 
 
 [31 Edward III.] Master Andrew for one 
 iron Stand.'i bought for the image of St. 
 Stephen, in gross 1 6 8 
 
 TABERNACLES. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 7 Jan. [1/ Edward HI.] To four workmen 
 covering the tabernacles, carrying stones, 
 and serving the masons, five days, at 'l\d. 
 a day each o 3 2 
 
 20 Jan. John de Ewell, and five others, 
 working on the tabernacles, carrying 
 stones, and serving the masons, five days, 
 
 at 1\d. a day each o 6 3 
 
 10 Feb. John de Uameseye, and live others, 
 
 P This seems to be the same frith the article next hut one ubove, and occurs in the same account, at the end. 
 
 1 Uu, A bracket to suppoil the image? 
 
 2 V 
 
202 
 
 £■ s. 
 
 carrying stones, and sawing them, mak- 
 ing scaffolding, and covering the taberna- 
 cles with reeds, six days, at 3d. a day 
 each 9 
 
 17 Feb. To the said six workmen, working 
 on the said tabernacles, carrying stones, 
 making mortar, and serving the masons, 
 five days, at 3 d. a day each O 7 
 
 26 Sept. [25 Edw. III.] Wm. Wayte, for 
 the repair of the pomells and finials of the 
 tabernacles in the chapel, by agreement 
 made with him by the treasurer, by task 
 work 5 O 
 
 12 March, [26 Edw. JII.] John Elham, 
 Gilbert Pokerigh, Wm.Walsingham, three 
 painters, painting the tabernacles and 
 images in the chapel, six days, at 10 d. a 
 day each O 15 
 
 1 2 April. RobertWinchester, mason, work- 
 ing there 011 the repair of the pinnacles of 
 the tabernacles, two days and an half, at 
 5%d. a day 1 
 
 Roger Norwich, and Edmund Paynell, paint- 
 in"- the tabernacles and walls in the said 
 
 p 
 
 chapel, two days and an half, at 6d. a 
 
 day each 2 
 
 16 April. Robert Winton, John Sunnyng, 
 Thomas Somerford, and Thomas de Hoo, 
 four masons, working on the said works 
 of those pinnacles, six days, at 5%d. a day 
 each 11 
 
 23 April. Ralph of Canterbury, for the re- 
 pair of six leaves for the tabernacles, of 
 the king's stone, at 7 d. a piece, by task 
 work 3 
 
 Robert de Wilton, John Sunnyng, Thomas 
 Somerford, and Thomas Hoo, four ma- 
 sons, working on the repair of the ta- 
 bernacles in the chapel, six days, at 5\d. 
 a day each O 11 
 
 7 May. Wm. Walsyngham, and Gilbert Po- 
 kerich, painting angels for the taberna- 
 cles, six days, at 10c?. a day each 10 
 
 John Davy, John de Oxford, Wm. Somer- 
 vill, John Athelard, Gilbert Prince, Richard 
 Norwich, and Wm.Maynard, seven pain- 
 
 15 O 
 
 6 3 
 
 ters, painting angels and tabernacles in 
 
 the chapel, six days, at 9 J. a day each. .111 0' 
 
 John Palmere working with them, six days, 
 
 at 8d. a day O 4 O 
 
 21 May. Roger Norwich, and four others, 
 laying on the gold in the tabernacles, six 
 days, at 6d. a day each 15 O 
 
 John Leveryngton, and three others doing 
 the same, and priming the walls of the 
 said chapel, six days, at 5d. a day each. . O 10 O 
 
 4 June. Wm. de Walsyngham, John El- 
 ham, and Gilbert Pokerich, painting an- 
 gels for the tabernacles, six days, at the 
 above rate 
 
 Thomas Ruddok, and six others, doing the 
 same, five days, at Qd. a day each 1 
 
 16 July. Robert Winton, and two others, 
 working on the repair of the tabernacles 
 of the chapel, and the stones for the table- 
 ments of the great hall, six days, at 5%d. 
 a day each 8 3 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 On the back of an account of Rob. Hill, con- 
 troller, relating to the Palace of West m. from 
 the end of the 4th to Michaelmas in the 7th 
 year [of Edw. III.'] is the following article, 
 among others : 
 
 Also there will be found lying in the aforesaid new 
 chapel, two perfect pieces for tabernacles, of Rye- 
 gate stone. 
 
 25 July, [25 Edw. III.] For one pair of 
 suit', 1 ' bought to mend the work of the 
 finials of the tabernacles 5 
 
 1 Aug. One quartern of coai3, bought to 
 heat the stones for the repair and mend- 
 ing of the tabernacles and windows of the 
 upper chapel 1 2 
 
 6 Feb. [26 Edward III.] One quartern of 
 charcoal bought to heat the cement for the 
 repair of the tabernacles O 1 3 
 
 12 March. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 several small gorons, bought for the taber- 
 nacles in the chapel broken by the scaf- 
 folding O O IO| 
 
 f Qu. If not Suppoits? from suffirmare, to strengthen. 
 
£. s. d. 
 
 19 March. Ralph de Cambridge, for six 
 finials of tabernacles, bought for the taber- 
 nacles in the chapel O 6 O 
 
 12 April. John Lightgrave, for seven hun- 
 dred leaves of gold, bought for the paint- 
 ing of the tabernacles in the chapel .... 1 8 O 
 
 30 April. John Lyghgrave, for fifteen hun- 
 dred leaves of gold, bought for the pain- 
 ters of the tabernacles and angels, standing 
 at the top of the tabernacles 3 O O 
 
 Wm. Almand, 5 for eight hundred leaves of 
 
 gold, bought for the same 1 12 
 
 7 May. John Lightgrave, for two thousand 
 five hundred leaves of gold, bought for the 
 painting of the tabernacles and images . . 5 
 
 John le Tynbeter, for half a pound of teynt, 
 bought for painting the angels on the ta- 
 bernacles 1 O 
 
 13 May. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 thirty-six geryons, and as many cramps, 
 bought for the finials of the tabernacles . . O 3 
 
 21 May. Hugh de St. Albans, for ten thu- 
 ribles, bought for the angels within the 
 tabernacles O 10 
 
 Gilbert Pokerich, for wire to hang the said 
 
 thuribles O 2 
 
 COLL MNS. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 5 Aug. [ Edw. III.] Thomas de Shoreham, 
 Wm. of the same place, and Wm. Ka- 
 noun, three marble masons, working on 
 the marble columns, five days, at 5\d. a 
 day each 
 
 1 2 April, [26 Edward III.] Wm. Heston, 
 Thomas Shank, and John de Leveryng- 
 
 £■ *< *• 
 
 ton, laying on the gold, 1 as well on the 
 walls of the chapel as on the placing of 
 the preynts on the marble columns there, 
 for two days and an half, at 5d. a day 
 
 each O 3 1 
 
 21 May. John del Thele, smith, for filing 
 the irons supporting the marble columns 
 in the east gable of the chapel, by task 
 work O 4 O 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 2 Nov. [ Edw. III.] Richard Canoun, for 
 one hundred and forty-four yards of marble 
 stone, bought for making columns for the 
 chapel, which contain four hundred and 
 twenty-nine feet, viz. each yard contains 
 three feet of assize, at 6d. a foot, as by 
 agreement made with him; together with 
 carriage and boatage from Corf to the 
 king's bridge, Westm ... 10 14 t 
 
 17 May. [6 Edw. III.] Walter de Bury, 
 smith, for an iron bar twelve feet long, 
 weighing three quarters and ten pounds, 
 atl^d. a pound, made out of his own 
 iron, to strengthen a marble column and 
 keep in its place under the great form. . . O 10 ) 
 
 12 March, [20 Edw. III.] Master Andrew 
 the smith, for four cramps, bought for 
 placing the marble pillars S 
 
 AMBO, i. e. READING DESK, or PULPIT." 
 
 19 Dec. [2fj Edw. III.] Thomas Tournour, 
 for four pair of capitals and bases, bought 
 for the Ambos of the chapel 1 C 
 
 s Qu. The German. 
 
 1 The expression is Cubant Aurum. Miege, in his Diet. art. Couchcr, sives, among other senses, ' To lay on,' which he 
 mstances by Coucher les couleurs pour peindre, * To lay on the colours, in order for painting and Coucher Tor, to lay on the 
 gold. Coucher, in French, means besides, 'To lay down as upon a bed ; To lay down, or to stake ; To set down, or to list ; 
 To lie, or to lie down. Miege's Diet. In Latin, Cubo, means, To lie down, or be laid. Calcpin's Diet. In the present instance, 
 it seems to have been so extended as to take in all the senses Of the French Coucher; and, consequently, to signify here, the 
 laying on of the gold. It was necessary to state this more at large, because the expression repeatedly occurs, 
 
 « Ambo, Pulpitum, tribunal Eccles itt Du Fresnc's Gloss. 
 
204 
 
 ALMARIOL, or CUPBOARD. "< 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 5 Dec. [26 Edw. III.] John Pynnore, and 
 five other masons, working there, as well 
 
 on the lodge, as on an Almariol, for keep- 
 ing the vestments in the vestry, five days, 
 at 6 d. a day each O 17 
 
 12 Dec. For the wages of six carpenters, 
 working there, as well on a gate, as on the 
 said almariol, for keeping the vestments, 
 six days, at 6 d. a day each O 13 O 
 
 19 Dec. For the wages of six carpenters 
 working there on the said almariol and 
 gate, five days, at 6d. a day each 1.5 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 12 March, [26 Edw. III.] Adam de St. Al- 
 bans, for locks and other furniture of six 
 doors of a certain almariole in the vestry, 
 for keeping the vestments in '. . O 10 
 
 {39 Edw. Ill ] Master Stephen the smith, 
 for two cass irons for glazing a window 
 in the great hall ; six pair of ornaments for 
 the aforesaid armoriol within the chapel ; 
 and two iron plates for two doors of the 
 king's Treasury, in the Abbey of West- 
 
 minster a O 14 4 
 
 John Halfmark, for six plate locks with keys, 
 bought for a certain armoriol within the 
 king's chapel, in gross O 5 10 
 
 KING'S CLOSET. 
 
 jgMay, [21 Edward III.] John Grevill, 
 plumber, with his boy, covering the king's 
 closet near the great altar of the new 
 
 chapel, for three days, at lie?, a day for 
 
 himself and his boy O 2 9 
 
 VESTRY. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 30 June, [17 Edw. III.] John de Glatton, 
 carpenter, working on the stairs of the 
 vestry, for six days, at 5 d. a day O 2 6 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Morrow of St. Michael, [7 Edw. III.] Wal- 
 ter the smith, for two new hooks to 
 strengthen a window in the vestry O 2 
 
 30 June, [15 Edw. III.] Olive le Cook, for 
 two hundred nails for the stairs of the 
 vestry of the new chapel, at 4d. an hun- 
 dred O O 8 
 
 12 March, [26 Edw. III.] Thomas Eliot, 
 for a marble stone, bought for the altar 
 in the vestry 1 4 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 25 August, [17 Edward III.] Robert le 
 Lokyer, for mending the iron work of the 
 lower vestry of the chapel of St. Ste- 
 phen 1 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 5 March, [26 Edward TIL] One thousand 
 tiles bought for the pavement of the vestry 
 of the under chapel 12 O 
 
 UPPER VESTIBULE. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 21 October.v Thomas the plasterer, work- 
 
 ing upon the upper vestibule of the new 
 chapel, and making there a new founda- 
 tion of plaster for the windows, for six 
 days, at 6d. a day O 3 O 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 26 August. 1 Robert le Lokiere, for a lock 
 to the door of the upper vestibule in the 
 new chapel O O 6 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 25 Sept.* Robert le Lokier, for one lock 
 
 * Almoirc, an Ambry, cupboard, box. Cotgrave's Diet. Armoire, an Ambry, cupboard, box, little book, press, &c. Ibid, 
 y Between 4th and 7th Edw. III. * Between 4th and 7th Edw. III. » Between 4th and 7th Edw. III. 
 
205 
 
 £. s. d 
 
 to the door of the lower vestibule of the 
 
 new chapel O 1 O 
 
 ORATjORIES. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 9 Jan. b John de Hungerford, and John de 
 Tunbridge, two carpenters working on 
 the said oratory, [viz. the king's, between 
 St. Stephen's Chapel and the Painted 
 Chamber,] for six days, at 4d. a day each 4 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 1 2 Dec. c John de Lincoln, for eight hun- 
 dred of beech laths, bought for covering 
 and preserving two oratories, viz. an ora- 
 tory of the king between the new Chapel 
 and the Painted Chamber, and an oratory 
 in the west gable where the Bell Tower 
 is to be, at 3£e?. an hundred O 2 4 
 
 Thomas Clyp of Greenwich, for eight hun- 
 dred reeds, bought for covering the walls 
 of the gable of the chapel and oratories, 
 at 1 s. an hundred, with boatage to West- 
 minster 13 O 
 
 9 Jan. John Nichol, for ten pieces of tim- 
 ber, bought for beams and rails for the 
 pent-house over the king's oratory, be- 
 tween the new Chapel and the Painted 
 Chamber, the length of each eighteen 
 
 feet, at gd. each O 7 6 
 
 Porterage, cartage, and carriage of the said 
 timber and laths from Southwark to West- 
 minster 5 
 
 23 Jan. Thomas de Greenwich, for four 
 hundred reeds, bought for covering the 
 gable, oratories, and walls, at 1 s. per 
 hundred, with carriage and boatage. . , . . O 4 O 
 
 LOWER CHAPEL. 
 
 10 Aug. [29 Edw. III.] Richard Laken- 
 ham, for a certain image of St. Mary, 
 bought for the under chapel 3 6 8 
 
 CHAPEL OF ST. MARY. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 [31 Edward III.] To Master Andrew, for 
 two Ridell, d bought for the Chapel of St. 
 Mary, widi two window-bars of iron, 
 bought for the windows in the chancellary, 
 in gross 12 O 
 
 Robert Founder, for two dishes bought for 
 
 the lamp in the Chapel of St. Mary . . . . O 2 O 
 
 CLOISTERS. 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 In the Counter Roll of Hugh Herland, 
 18 Rich. II, under the head of Iron work, 
 amounting in the whole to 111. 9s. 4d. are the 
 following articles, but without any price to each. 
 
 [18 Richard II.] Master William the smith, for four 
 long bars of iron, bought for the windows of one 
 fourth part of the cloisters within the said palace, 
 weighing one hundred and forty-two pounds. 
 
 Sixteen smaller bars for the said windows, weighing 
 forty-two pounds. 
 
 Seven cramps, and seven bolts for strengthening the mar- 
 ble pillars in the said cloister, weighing four pounds. 
 
 Two long bars of iron for the said cloisters, weighing 
 ninety-six pounds. 
 
 Twenty-one cramps for the buttresses in the aforesaid 
 cloister. 
 
 CLOISTERS LE PUE. 
 
 [31 Edw. III.] John Prophet, for two hun- 
 dred and eighteen loads of Ryegate stone, 
 bought for the cloisters le Pue, and a 
 chamber before mentioned, at 3 s. each 
 load 32 14 
 
 CHAMBERS FOR THE VICARS. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 20 June, [anno 25 Edw. III.] Hugh Schir- 
 wode, Thomas Kent, and John Martin, 
 three tylers working on the repair of the 
 roof of a chamber for the vicars of the 
 king's chapel, for two days, at 3d. a 
 day O 2 O 
 
 b i e. Between 7th and 10th Edw. III. c Between 7th and 101I1 Edw. III. 
 
 «l Rideau is a curtain, or cloth screen. Ridclle, the rail of a cart or waggon. Cotgravc's Diet, and Micge's Diet, but the former 
 if 5)>pp< s«d the m •st likely. 
 
206 
 
 CHAMBER OF PRIESTS OF CHAPEL. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 5 Dec. [26 Edw. III.] For the wages of 
 ten masons working there, as well on the 
 wall near the water gate, as upon the 
 chimney in the chamber of the priests, 
 for five days, at 5%d. a day each 1 2 11 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 21 Nov. [26 Edw. III.] John Deynes, for 
 three thousand of rough nails and sprigs, 
 bought for making a chimney in the 
 chamber of the priests of the chapel .... 2 10 
 
 28 Nov. Roger Goldyng, for two hundred 
 sacks of lime, bought for the chimney in 
 the chamber of the priests, and to mend 
 the coverings of the wall near the water 
 gate, and of several houses O 12 O 
 
 CHAMBER OF OFFICIATING PRIESTS. 
 
 12 Dec. [26 Edw III.] Adam of St. Al- 
 bans, for one pair of gernets, bought for 
 the window of the chamber of the priests 
 celebrating in the chapel O A\ 
 
 BELL TOWER. 
 
 WORKMEN. 
 
 12 Dec. e To ten masons working on the 
 gables and bell tower, for six days, and 
 covering the works, at 4%d. a day each. .12 6 
 
 [18 Rich. II.] Robert Kentbury, mason, 
 for making the stone walls of the bell 
 tower near the hall, of the height of 
 thirty-four feet and an half and eight 
 inches, and four feet thick; and also for 
 making six new stone windows, and ano- 
 ther in the place of a former one in the 
 same bell tower, of the height of the 
 aforesaid walls, [i. e. of Westm. Hall, as 
 raised two feet higher], as by agreement, 
 at task work 23 O 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 In the Counter Roll of Hugh Herland, 
 18 Rich. II, under the head of Iron work, 
 amounting in the whole to 22/. 9s. Ad. are the 
 folloxcing articles, but without any price to 
 each except to the last: 
 
 [18 Richard II.] One stay bar, four standards, and 
 twelve transeons, for the windows of the bell tower, 
 weight one hundred and fourteen pounds. 
 
 Eight bars for the same windows, bought in like 
 manner, weight twenty four pounds. 
 
 One stay bar, four standards, and twelve transeons, 
 bought in like manner for the same windows, 
 weight one hundred twenty two pounds. 
 
 Three stay bars, twelve standards, and thirty-six tran- 
 seons, for the aforesaid bell tower. 
 
 Forty-four transons, thirteen standards, and three stay 
 bars, bought in like manner for the windows of the 
 bell tower, weighing three hundred and ninety-eight 
 pounds. 
 
 Master Peter Fordham, for twelve hundred 
 sheaves of reeds, bought for the bell tower, 
 and for covering the Ryegate stones in 
 winter time; and for the defence and pre- 
 servation of them during the time of this 
 account, price per hundred is O 12 O 
 
 COPPEHOUSE/ 
 
 2 April, [15 Edward III.] Thomas Pikard, 
 Thomas of Lincoln, and William of 
 Knightsbridge, three tilers, working on 
 the building in the Marshalsea, and upon 
 the Coppehouse under the king's chapel, 
 for five days, at 5 d. a day each 6 3 
 
 William le Bruere, Robert Smart, and Henry 
 of Eye, three boys serving the tilers, for 
 five days, at 3d. a day each O 3 9 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 18 July; [25 Edw. III.] For rushes bought 
 
 to strew in the same chapel O 4 
 
 ig Dec. [26 Edw. III.] Rushes bought to 
 strew in the king's chapel O J 10 
 
 2 April. Rushes bought to strew the chapel 
 
 against the feast of Easter 8 
 
 c Between 7th and loth Edw. III. 
 f Copeus and Colapter mean a mason's tool. Littleton's Diet. The coppehouse must therefore be the toolhouse. 
 
207 
 
 £. s.. d. 
 
 ig Dec. [26 Edward III.] Sixteen mats 
 
 bought for the chapel 1 10 
 
 [31 Edw. IIJ.] Agnes Prest, for six pieces 
 of mats, bought for the king's chapel in 
 Hussheborne's ward, [i. e. in the depart- 
 ment of Hushborne, one of the workmen] 5 
 
 4 June, [26 Edward III.] Nicholas Ploket, 
 for an ell of linen cloth, bought to wnip 
 up the cup 1 
 
 On the back of a Roll, containing the. Ac- 
 count of Walter de Weston, cleric of the works, 
 in the Palace of Westminster and Tower of 
 London, from the 9,3d of January in the 4th 
 year of the king's reign, \_Edrc. III. ~\to Michael- 
 mas in his 6th i/ear, of his receipts and expences 
 relating to the new Chapel of St. Stephen, 
 within that period, he is charged with the fol- 
 lowing articles : 
 
 Eleven large pieces of timber, called beams, pre- 
 pared by the carpenters for the new chapel, thirty- 
 seven feet long each, and about four feet square, 
 received of John de Feryby, late clerk of the works 
 in the Tower of London and Palace of Westmin- 
 ster, by indenture made between them. 
 
 Eleven large pieces of timber, called entreteyses, for 
 the said chapel, of the same length and thickness. 
 
 One hundred and forty- six beams, prepared for the 
 said chapel, each, one with another, eighteen feet 
 long, and about three feet square, received of the 
 same John, by the same indenture. 
 
 Ten pieces of timber ready prepared, called Polrcnes. 
 
 Six pieces of timber, called mountaynes, ready pre- 
 pared for the said chapel. 
 
 Fotty-one pieces of timber for courbles to the said 
 chapel, ready prepared, each, one with another, 
 ten feet long, and about two feet and an half square. 
 
 Eleven pieces for courbles, wholly ready prepared for 
 the said chapel, each, one with another, ton feet 
 long, two feet and an half wide, and one foot and 
 an half thick, received of the aforesaid John, by the 
 same indenture. 
 
 Two pieces of timber, eight feet long, called quarters. 
 
 Eight pieces of timber, called postes, for the bell 
 tower of the said chapel, each forty feet long. 
 
 Eight pieces of timber, called postes, for the same bell 
 
 tower, each thirty feet long. 
 Sixteen beams for the same bell tower, each fifty feet 
 
 long. 
 
 One piece of timber, called plate, twenty feet long, 
 
 and three feet wide. 
 Timber lying in the long stable, ready prepared, for 
 
 the upper vensura [or vaulting] of the said chapel, 
 
 which cannot be particularised on account of the 
 
 multitude of pieces and the expence which would 
 
 be incurred if it were removed. 
 Twelve pieces of common timber for the said chapel, 
 
 each, one with another, ten feet long, one foot wide, 
 
 and one foot thick. 
 Ten pieces of Reygate stone in tabernacles, two of 
 
 which are wholly finished, but a little broke by the 
 
 persons entering to the queen's coronation; and 
 
 eight not wholly complete, and a little broken at 
 
 the same time. 
 Seven pieces of Reygate stone for tabernacles, not 
 
 wrought, two of which are soft. 
 Forty pieces of Caen stone for oylets, not wrought. 
 Sixty- four feet of Caen stone for corbel tables, wrought 
 
 and carved. 
 
 Several pieces of Reygate stone, perfect, containing in 
 
 all, six forms for the said chapel. 
 Thirty pieces of Reygate stone for forms, not wrought. 
 Thirty pieces of Caen stone, wrought for scills. 
 One hundred and eighty feet of Caen stone in several 
 
 pieces of stone, wrought for moynieles. 
 Eight pieces of marble, wrought for sources for the 
 
 said chapel. 
 
 Sixteen pieces of marble for sources, not wrought. 
 Two hundred and thirteen feet of marble, wrought 
 
 for columns, in several pieces. 
 Four pieces of marble for columns, not wrought. 
 Twenty-three pieces of Reygate stone for forms, not 
 
 wrought. 
 
 Eighteen feet of Caen stone not wrought. 
 
 Several pieces of Caen stone, wrought for the columns 
 and corall 8 of the said chapel, which lie in the east 
 end of the same chapel. 
 
 Twenty-two pieces of Caen stone, wrought for scu- 
 tables for the new alura, [passage, or gallery.] 
 
 Thirteen feet and an half of Caen stone, wrought for 
 sencrestes for the said alura. 
 
 One brass bell hanging over the Receipt [of the Ex- 
 chequer.] 
 
 » Corallum, the interior part. Du Fresnc's Gloss. 
 
208 
 
 One pair of organs lying in the upper vestibule of the 
 said chapel. 
 
 One large, iron pot for melting lead in the plumbers' 
 workshop. 
 
 One iron rake there for cleansing the lead. 
 
 Two pair of hinges for hanging two doors in the new 
 alura, three feet and an halt each. 
 
 Three kernett of crossed iron the length of each sepa- 
 rately, two feet and an half. 
 
 One p ece of iron crooked at one end, two feet long. 
 
 Two pieces of iron, forked at one end, the length of 
 each separately, four feet and an half 
 
 One large awger, three feet and an half long. 
 
 One saw for sawing stone, four feet long. 
 
 One ves 1 called bos, for raising mortar to the top of 
 the chapel and other buildings. 
 
 One iron ring, not round, for another boss, with two 
 iron bands for the same. 
 
 Two iron hooks. 
 
 Six ladders. 
 
 One great Kar, bound with iron. 
 
 One stone for sharpening the iron tools and instru- 
 ments. 
 
 Three croudewaynes. 
 
 Two verna, [or engines], with one hank. 
 
 Thirty-six shipboards. 
 
 Two hawsers, old, and of no value. 
 
 Four pieces of the same one inch thick, containing in 
 the whole twenty cubits. 
 
 One cord a little thicker, ten cubits long. 
 
 Two iron hooks, with rods for drawing the timber to 
 the bridge. 
 
 Two new boards, eleven feet long, and one foot and 
 
 one palm wide. 
 Two small vernas, or engines in pieces, for raising 
 
 and strengthening the timber. 
 Two new windows made for a window opposite the 
 
 door of the queen's chapel. 
 One piece of seliskyn, three cubits long, received from 
 
 the aforesaid John de Feriby, by indenture made 
 
 between him and Walter de Weston. 
 
 In an Account of Martin de Ixnyng, con- 
 troller of the works in the Palace of IVestrnin- 
 ster, for the \Qth and 10th years of Edw. Ill, 
 the accountant is charged with a great quantity 
 of materials delivered to him, and discharges 
 
 himself by stating the uses to which those ma- 
 terials had been applied; and from these entries 
 of both sorts, the following articles have been 
 extracted : 
 
 Expended on the works of the king's chapel, viz. in 
 the repair of the floor above the upper vesura s of 
 the same chapel, the twenty-two large pieces of 
 timber with which he stands charged. 
 
 And in the repair of the roof of the same chapel, the 
 one hundred and forty-six beams with which he is 
 also charged. 
 
 Used on the works of the same chapel, the said ten 
 pieces of timber, called polrenes, viz. on the sides 
 of the wall under the roof of the said chapel. 
 
 And in the same works of the said chapel, as well in 
 the vesura as in the repair of the floor of the said 
 chapel, in which the arches and key stones of the 
 same vensure are strengthened, the said twenty - 
 nine courbes. 
 
 And in the repair and construction of the said work, 
 
 the said six pieces called courbes, and two pieces 
 
 called quarters. 
 Eight pieces of timber called posts, used in the bell 
 
 tower of the said chapel, each of which was forty 
 
 feet long. 
 
 He is in another part charged with 
 Eight pieces of timber, called posts, used in the same 
 
 Bell Tower, each of which was thirty feet long. 
 Sixteen beams for the said Bell Tower, fifty feet long 
 
 each. 
 
 One piece of timber, called plate, twenty feet long, 
 and three feet broad, received as remaining on the 
 foot of the last account. 
 
 Several pieces of carpenter's timber for the upper 
 vesura of the chapel, which were estimated at about 
 two hundred feet, received in like manner as re- 
 maining on the last account. 
 
 And discharges himself thus : 
 
 Expended in the repair of the work of the said chapel, 
 one piece of timber, called plate, twenty feet long, 
 and three feet wide, lying within the wall under 
 the roof of the same chapel, upon which several 
 beams are placed and fixed. 
 
 And in the making of the said vesura of the upper 
 chapel, several pieces of carpenter's timber for the 
 
 g Oi vaulting, from voussoir, which means the key-stone of the Vault. Chambers's Diet. art. Voussoir. 
 
209 
 
 vonsura, which were estimated at about two hun- 
 dred feet. 
 
 And there remain eight posts for the bell-tower, forty 
 feet long. 
 
 Eight posts for the same, thirty feet long. 
 Sixteen beams. 
 
 Another charge is made against him as having re- 
 ceived the following particulars. 
 
 Ten pieces of Ryegate stone used in the tabernacles, 
 two of which are completed, and a little broken. 
 
 Seven pieces of Ryegate stone for the tabernacles, not 
 wrought, two of which are defective. 
 
 Forty pieces of Caen stone for oylets, not wrought. 
 
 Sixty-four feet of Caen stone for corbel tables, wrought 
 and carved. 
 
 Several pieces of Ryegate stone, perfect, containing in 
 
 the whole six forms for the said chapel. 
 Thirty pieces of Ryegate stone for forms, not wrought. 
 Thirty pieces of Caen stone, wrought for sills. 
 One hundred and eighty feet of Caen stone, in dif- 
 ferent pieces, wrought for mullions (moyneilles). 
 Total of stone in feet, two hundred and forty- 
 four feet. 
 
 Of stone in pieces, one hundred and seventeen. 
 Of forms in stone, six. 
 
 And the following is his account of their expenditure. 
 
 Expended in the different tabernacles for placing dif- 
 ferent images, seventeen pieces of Ryegate stone. 
 
 And in the repair of several oylets, forms, and sills, 
 for repairing and making the windows of the said 
 chapel, one hundred pieces of stone, as well Caen 
 stone as Ryegate stone, together with several pieces 
 of Ryegate stone, which were estimated at six forms. 
 
 And as well in the repair of the corbel tables, as in 
 the repair and making of the mullions of the win- 
 dows, two hundred and forty-two pieces of Caen 
 stone. 
 
 In another place he stands charged with 
 Eight pieces of marble, wrought for the sources. 
 Sixteen pieces of marble for the sources, unwrought. 
 Two hundred and fourteen pieces of marble, wrought 
 
 for the columns. 
 Four large pieces of marble for columns, unwrought. 
 Total two hundred and forty-four pieces of marble. 
 
 Which he states to have leen thus applied. 
 Expended in the works of the said chapel for sources 
 
 to the images under the tabernacles, twenty-fcur 
 pieces. 
 
 And in the columns placed as well under the afore- 
 said sources, and on each side of the tabernacles, 
 as in the works of the porch at the west end of the 
 same chapel, two hundred pieces of marble. 
 
 Total two hundred and twenty -four pieces of 
 marble. 
 
 And there remain twenty columns, with four 
 not perfect. 
 
 Again he is charged with 
 
 Twenty-four pieces of Ryegate stone received as re- 
 maining on the last account. 
 
 Eight pieces of Caen stone unwrought. 
 
 Several pieces of Caen stone, wrought for the columns 
 of the towers of the said chapel, received as remain- 
 ing on the last account. 
 
 Twenty- two pieces of Caen stone wrought for scu- 
 tables for the new gallery, received as remaining on 
 the last account. 
 
 And thirteen feet of Caen stone wrought for sincrestes 
 for the said gallery, received as remaining on the 
 last account. 
 
 All these are there stated to have been expended 
 in the works of the said chapel, viz. as well in the re- 
 pair of the said new gallery, as in the towers of the 
 aforesaid chapel. 
 
 He is also charged with 
 
 One brass bell hanging over the Receipt [i.e. of the 
 Exchequer, meaning the Receipt Offices there] 
 remaining on the foot of the last account. 
 
 One pair of organs, old and in bad condition, received 
 as remaining on the last account. 
 
 In a Roll containing the Account of Ro- 
 bert de Campsale, clerk of the king's works in 
 the Pa/ace, of II estminster, and Tower of Lon- 
 don, of his receipts and expenditures from 
 21 June, 25 Echo. Ill, to <2.~> Aug. Anno <js, he 
 is charged with several sums, received from the. 
 Exchequer by himself, (Did others for his use, 
 and amongst others the following occur: 
 
 £. d. 
 
 ly July, [anno 25, viz. Ed w. 1 1 1.] Received of 
 thetrcasurerand chamberlains,by the hands 
 of Won. de Padryngton, on account of 
 2 E 
 
210 
 
 C *. d. 
 
 making the images for the king's chapel 
 
 at Westminster 2 13 4 
 
 24 Nov. Received of the same by the hands 
 of Wm. de Padryngton, on account of 
 making the images for the chapel of 
 Westminster 4 6 8 
 
 1/ Jan. Received of the same on account of 
 buying glass for his own use for the said 
 works 7 O 
 
 Received by the hands of Wm. Herland, car- 
 penter, on account of making the stalls for 
 the said chapel 10 O O 
 
 Received by the hands of Wm. de Padryng- 
 ton on account of making the images for 
 the said chapel 4 13 4 
 
 Received by the hands of Wm. de Padryng- 
 ton on account of making the images ... 2 O 8 
 
 PAINTERS EMPLOYED ON THE CHAPEL 
 IN GENERAL. 
 
 20 June, [25 Edw. III.] John Elham and 
 Gilbert Pokerig, two painters, working 
 there as well on the tablements as on the 
 priming of the east end of the king's 
 chapel, six days, at lOd. a day each ... 10 O 
 
 Edward Paynel and Roger Norwich, pain- 
 ters, working there on the said works, 
 five days, at 6d. a day each O 5 O 
 
 Edward Burton, painter, working with them, 
 
 six days, at 5 d. a day O 2 6 
 
 John Leveryngton working with them, five 
 
 days, at 5 d. a day 2 1 
 
 Richard Lincoln, painter, working there, and 
 grinding colours for the painting of the 
 chapel, five days, at A\d. a day 1 IO5 
 
 27 June. John Elham and Gilbert de Poke- 
 rig, painters, working there on the afore- 
 said works, six days, at lOd. a day 10 O 
 
 Edward Paynel, Benjamin Nightengale, and 
 Roger Norwich, three painters, working 
 there on the painting of the said table- 
 
 ' ment, six days, at 6 d. a day O 9 O 
 
 John Leveryngton and Edward Burton, two 
 
 I. s. d. 
 
 painters, working on the aforesaid works, 
 
 five days, at 5d. a day O 4 2 
 
 Richard Lincoln, painter, grinding and tem- 
 pering colours for the said painters, five 
 days, at 4%d. a day O 1 \0\ 
 
 4 July. Master Hugh de St. Albans and 
 John de Coton, painters, working there on 
 the drawing of several images in the same 
 chapel, four days and an half, at 1 s. a day 
 each O 9 O 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, painters, 
 painting there, five days, at 10c?. a day 
 each O 8 A 
 
 Edward Paynel, Benjamin Nightyngale, and 
 Roger Norwich, three painters, painting 
 on the said tablements, five days, at 6d. a 
 day each O 7 6 
 
 John Leveryngton, Edward Burton, and 
 Ralph Tatersete, three painters, working 
 there on the said works, five days, at 5d. 
 a day each 6 S 
 
 Richard Lincoln, painter, grinding and tem- 
 pering colours for the said painters, five 
 
 days, at 4^g?. a day. , 1 lOi 
 
 11 July. Master Hugh de St. Albans, pain- 
 ter, working there on the Ordination 11 of 
 the painting several images, two days, at 
 1 s. a day O 2 
 
 John Cotton, painter, working there on the 
 
 said drawing, six days, at Is. a day O 6 O 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, two pain- 
 ters, painting in the said chapel, six days, 
 at 106?. a day each O 10 O 
 
 Edward Paynel, Benjamin Nightyngale, and 
 Roger Norwich, three painters, working 
 there and painting on the said tablement, 
 six days, at 6d. a day each O 9 O 
 
 John Leveryngton, Edward Burton, and 
 Ralph Tatersete, three other painters, 
 painting on the said tablement, six days, at 
 5 d. a day each 7 6 
 
 Richard Lincoln, grinding and tempering co- 
 lours for the said painters, six days, at 
 4£g?. a day O 2 3 
 
 Ordonnance, or composition, is one of the great branches in painting, and means the disposition and distribution of the objects 
 intended to be represented, but here it can only signify the designing and inventing the subject. 
 
211 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 lb July. Hugh de St. Albans, and John de 
 Cotton, painters, working there, four days, 
 on the painting of the said chapel, at Is. 
 a day each O 8 O 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, working 
 there on the same painting, live days, at 
 Wd. a day each O 8 4 
 
 Edward Paynel, Benjamin Nightyngale, Ro- 
 ger Norwich, and Ralph Tatersete, pain- 
 ters, painting in die said chapel, five days, 
 at 6d. a day each O 10 O 
 
 John Leveryngton and Edward de Burton, 
 painters, painting on the said tablement, 
 five days, at 5 d. a day each 4 2 
 
 Richard Lincoln, grinding and tempering co- 
 lours for the said work, five days, at 4%d. 
 a day O J W% 
 
 25 July. Hugh de St. Albans, painter, 
 working there on the ordination of several 
 images, four days, at 1 s. a day O 4 
 
 John de Cotton, working there for five days 
 on the painting of the said chapel, at 1 s. 
 a day , . . O 5 O 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, painters, 
 working there on the same works, five 
 days, at lOd. a day each 8 4 
 
 Richard Norwich, and three others working 
 there on the aforesaid works, five days, at 
 6d. a day each 10 
 
 John Leveryngton and Edward Burton, two 
 painters, painting with them, five days, at 
 5 d. a day each O 4 2 
 
 Richard Lincoln working with them five 
 
 days on the said works, at 4%d. a day. . . O 1 10 
 
 1 August. Hugh de St. Albans, painter, 
 painting in the said chapel, three days, at 
 1 s. a day O 3 O 
 
 John de Cotton painting there, five days, at 
 
 1 s. a day O 5 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, painting in 
 the same chapel, six days, at lOd. a day 
 each O 10 O 
 
 Roger Norwich and Ralph Tatersete, painters, 
 painting in the same chapel, five days, at 
 6d. a day each 5 O 
 
 Edward Paynel painting with them, six days, 
 
 at 6d. a day • O 3 O 
 
 John Leveryngton andEdwardBurton, paint- 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 ing on the said tablement, four days, at 
 
 5d. a day each o 3 4 
 
 Richard Lincoln grinding and tempering 
 colours for the said painters, live days, at 
 4£d. a day l 10£ 
 
 8 Aug. Master Hugh de St. Albans, pain- 
 ter, working on the ordination of images 
 to be painted in the same chapel, three 
 days, at 1 s. a day O 3 O 
 
 John de Cotton painting and drawing in the 
 
 same chapel, five days, at 1 s. a day O 5 O 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, painting 
 in the same chape], six days, at 10 d. a 
 day each 10 
 
 Roger Norwich, Ralph Tatersete and Edward 
 Paynel, painting in the same chapel, six 
 days, at 6d. a day each O Q O 
 
 John Leveryngton painting with them, five 
 
 days, at 5d. a day 2 1 
 
 John Lincoln grinding and tempering co- 
 lours for the painting of the said chapel, 
 five days, at 4 hd. a day 1 10J 
 
 15 Aug. Master Hugh de St. Albans, pain- 
 ter, working there, two days, at 1 s. a day O 2 O 
 
 John Cotton, painter, working there upon 
 the painting of the said chapel, five days, 
 at 1 s. a day o 5 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, two pain- 
 ters, painting there, five days, at 10c?. a 
 day each o '8 4 
 
 Ralph Tatersete, Roger Norwich, and Ed- 
 ward Paynel, painters, painting there, five 
 days, at 6d. a day each / 
 
 John Leveryngton painting with them, six 
 
 days, at 5d. a day O 2 6 
 
 Richard Lincoln grinding colours for the 
 painting of the same chapel, six days, at 
 4§rf. a day O 2 3 
 
 22 Aug. John de Cotton, painter, working 
 there on the painting of the aforesaid 
 chapel, five days, at Is. a day o 5 O 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, painters, 
 painting in the same chapel, five days, at 
 \0d a day each o 8 4 
 
 Ralph Tatersete, Roger Norwich, and Ed- 
 ward Paynel, painters, painting in the 
 said chapel, live days, at 6d. a day 
 each o 7 
 
£■ s. d. 
 
 John Leveryngton painting with them, five 
 
 days, at 5 d. a day O 2 1 
 
 Richard Lincoln working with them, five 
 
 days, at 4\d. a day O 1 )Oi 
 
 2g Aug. Master Hugh de St. Albans work- 
 ing there, three days, at the same daily 
 wages as above O 3 O 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, painting 
 in the same chapel, five days, at 10 d. a 
 day each O 8 4 
 
 Richard Croydon, painter, working there, 
 
 tour days, at 8 d. a day O 2 8 
 
 Roger Norwich and Edward Payne], work- 
 ing there, five days, at 6d> a day 
 each O 5 O 
 
 John Leveryngton, painter, painting with 
 
 them, five days, at 5 d. a day O 2 1 
 
 Richard Lyncoln grinding colours for them, 
 
 five days, at 4\d. a day O 1 10§ 
 
 5 Sept. Master Hugh de St. Albans, pain- 
 ter, painting in the same chapel, three 
 clays, at the same daily wages as above ..03 O 
 
 Gilbert Pokereigh painting in the same cha- 
 pel, six days, at the same daily wages as 
 above O 5 O 
 
 Richard Croydon painting there, five days, 
 
 at 8d. a day 3 4 
 
 William Estwick doing the same, five days, 
 
 at 7 d. a day O 2 11 
 
 Ralph Tatersete, Roger Norwich, and Ed- 
 ward Paynel, painting in the said chapel, 
 five days, at 6 d. a day each 7 
 
 John Leveryngton painting with them, five 
 
 days, at 5 d. a day 2 1 
 
 Richard Lincoln and Thomas Davy, grind- 
 ing and tempering colours, six days, at 
 4 1 d. a day 4 6 
 
 12 Sept. John Cotton, painter, painting 
 
 there, five days, at 1 i, a day O 5 O 
 
 John Elham, Gilbert Pokerigh, and Win. 
 Walsingham, three painters, painting in 
 the same chapel, five days, at iOd. a day 
 each , O 12 6 
 
 Richard Croydon, painter, painting with 
 
 them there, six days, at Sd. a day O 4 O 
 
 Wm. Estwik painting there, six days, at 7 d. 
 
 a day O 3 6 
 
 Ralph Tatersete, Roger Norwich and Edward 
 
 f f d. 
 
 Paynel, painters, painting in the same 
 
 chapel, five days, atfjfi. a day each O 7 
 
 John Leveryngton painting with them, six 
 
 days, at 5d. a day 2 ti 
 
 Richard Lincoln, Reginald Walsingham, 
 and Thomas Davy, three painters, grind- 
 ing and tempering colours for the painting 
 of the chapel, five days, at 4 \ d. a day each 5 7 h 
 
 HJ Sept. Hugh de St. Albans and John 
 Cotton, painters, painting in the same 
 chapel, five days, at 1 s. a day each 10 O 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, painters, 
 
 painting there, six days, at Wd. a day each 10 O 
 
 Wm. de Walsyngham, Richard Norwich, 
 Wm. Maynard, John Exeter, Thomas 
 Ruddok, Gilbert Prince, John Davy, John 
 de Cambridge, Lowen Tassyn, Janyn 
 Godmered, and Henry Blithe, eleven pain- 
 ters, painting there, five days, at gd. a 
 day each 2 1 .'} 
 
 Richard Croydon painting with them, five 
 
 days, at 8d. a day O 3 4 
 
 Wm. Estwyk and Thomas Jordan, painters, 
 painting with them, five days, at 7 d. a day 
 each O 5 10 
 
 Six painters, painting in the same chapel, 
 
 five days, at 6d. a day each 15 
 
 Thomas Prittewell and John de Levering- 
 ton, painting with them, five days, at 5d. 
 a day each O 4 2 
 
 Richard Lincoln, Thomas Davy, and Regi- 
 nald de Walsingham, grinding and tem- 
 pering colours for the painting of the 
 said chapel, at 4\d. a day each O 5 71 
 
 26 Sept. Master Hugh de St. Albans and 
 John Cotton, painting in the same chapel, 
 four days, at 1 s. a day each O 8 O 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, doing the 
 
 same, five days, at Wd. a day each O 8 4 
 
 For the wages of eleven painters, painting in 
 the same chapel, five days, at gd, a day 
 each 2 1 3 
 
 Richard de Croydon and John Palmere, paint- 
 ing with them, six days, at 8d. a day each 8 
 
 Wm. Estwyk and Thomas Jordan, doing the 
 
 same, six days, at 7 d. a day each O 7 
 
 For the wages of six painters painting there, 
 
 five days, at 6d, a day each 15 O 
 
213 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 John Leveryngton painting with them there, 
 
 six days, at 5 d. a day O 2 6 
 
 Richard Lincoln, and four others, grinding 
 and tempering different colours for the 
 painting of the same chapel, live days, at 
 A\d. a day Q A\ 
 
 3 Oct. [26 Edward HI.] Master Hugh de 
 St. Albans and John de Cotton, painters, 
 painting and drawing several drawings of 
 images in the same chapel, six days, at 1 s. 
 a day each O 12 O 
 
 John Elham, Gilbert Pokerig and John Por- 
 kele, three painters, painting in the same 
 chapel, six days, at \Od. a day each .... 15 
 
 Richard Norwich, Wm. Walsyngham, Wra. 
 Maynard, John d'Exchester, Thomas 
 Ruddok, Gilbert Prince, Henry Bleche, 
 John Cambridge, and Leuen Tassyn, nine 
 painters, painting in the same chapel, six 
 days, at 9^. a day each 2 O 6 
 
 John Davy, painter, working with them, 
 
 one day and an half, at gd. a day 1 2 
 
 Richard Croydon and John Palmere, pain- 
 ters, painting in the same chapel, six days, 
 at 8 d. a day each 8 
 
 Wm. Estwyk, Thomas Burnham, and Tho- 
 mas Jordan, three painters, painting in 
 the same chapel, five days, at J d. a day 
 each O 8 9 
 
 John Tatersete, Roger Norwich, Adam Fur- 
 gate, Edward Paynel, Peter Stokewell, 
 and William Larke, six painters, painting 
 in the same chapel, six days, at 6d. a 
 day each 18 O 
 
 John Leveryngton working there two days 
 
 with them, at 5d. a day O 10 
 
 Richard Lincoln, Thomas Davy, Reginald 
 Walsingham, Thomas Pritte well, and Tho- 
 mas de Cambridge, five painters, grinding 
 and tempering different colours for the 
 painting of the said chapel, six days, at 
 A\d. a day each Oil 3 
 
 lO Oct. Master Hugh de St. Albans and 
 John Cotton, painters, drawing in the 
 same chapel, four days, at 1 5. a day each 8 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig doing the 
 
 same, five days, at lOrf. a day each 8 4 
 
 John Davy and Richard Norwich, and eight 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 other painters, painting in the same cha- 
 pel, five days, at 9 d. a day each l 17 6 
 
 Richard Croydon, John Palmere, Richard 
 Forde, and Thomas Burnham, four pain- 
 ters, painting there on the works of the 
 same chapel, five days, at 8d. a day each O 13 4 
 
 Wm. Estwick and Thomas Jurdan, painting 
 there with them, five days, at 7 d. a day 
 each O 5 10 
 
 John Tatersete, and five others, laying on 
 the gold on the sides of the said chapel, 
 six days, at 6d. a day each O 18 
 
 John Leveryngton, doing the same, six days, 
 
 at 5 d. a day O 2 1 
 
 Richard Lincoln, and four others, grinding 
 and tempering different colours for the 
 painting of the said chapel, five days, at 
 A\d. a day each O 9 A\ 
 
 1 7 Oct. Hugh de St. Albans, painter, paint- 
 ing there, two days and an half, at Is. a day 2 6 
 
 John Elham, Gilbert Pokerig, and John 
 Pekele, painting in the same chapel, four 
 days and an half, at 10 d. a day each ....Oil 3 
 
 Wm. Walsingham, and seven others, paint- 
 ing in the same chapel, six days, at gd. 
 a day each 1 16 O 
 
 Richard Croydon, and three other painters, 
 painting in the same chapel, five days, at 
 8d. a day each O 13 4 
 
 Wm. Estwyks and Thomas Jordan, painting 
 
 with them, five days, at "] d. a day each. . O 5 10 
 
 Roger Norwich, and six others, laying on 
 the gold in the same chapel, five days, at 
 6d. a day each 17 6 
 
 John Leveryngton doing the same, five days, 
 
 at 5d. a day 2 1 
 
 Richard Lincoln, and four others, grinding 
 and tempering colours for the painting of 
 the saidchapel, five days, at4£</. a day each O 9 A\ 
 
 24 Oct. John Elham and Gilbert Tokcrig, 
 painters, drawing images in the same cha- 
 pel, five days, at lOd. a day each O 8 4 
 
 Wm Walsingham and John Exeter, painters, 
 painting in the same chapel, five days, at 
 gd. a day each 7 6 
 
 Richard Croydon, Richard Forde, John Pal- 
 mer, three painters, painting in the same 
 chapel, five days, at fid. a day etxh 10 O 
 
214 
 
 £• *■ 
 
 Wm.Estwick and Thomas Jordan, painting in 
 the same chapel, five days, at yd. a day each 5 
 
 Ralph Tatersete, Adam Burgate, Edward 
 Paynel and Peter Stokwell, four painters, 
 laying on the gold in the same chapel, five 
 days, at Qd. a day each 10 
 
 John Leveryngton doing the same, five days, 
 
 at 5 d. a day 2 
 
 Richard Lincoln, and four others, grinding 
 colours for the painting of the said chapel, 
 five days, at A\d. a day each O Q 
 
 30 Oct. Hugh de St. Albans drawing in the 
 same chapel, three days, at I s. a day ... 3 
 
 John Elhamand Gilbeit Pokerig, painting in 
 the same, five days, at 10 d. a day each. . O 8 
 
 John Eccester, Wm. Walsyngham, Thomas 
 Ruddok, and Wm. Maynard, four pain- 
 ters, painting in the same chapel, four 
 days, at Qd. a day each 12 
 
 Richard Croydon, Richard FordeandWilliain 
 Palmere, painting in the same chapel, four 
 days, at 8d. a day each S 
 
 Ralph Tatersete, Roger Norwich, Adam Bur- 
 gate, Edward Paynel and Peter Stokwell, 
 five painters, painting there, five days, at 
 Q d. a day each O 12 
 
 Richard Lincoln painting in the same, four 
 days, at 5 d. a day O 1 
 
 Wm.Estwyk and Thomas Jordan, doing the 
 same, four days, at yd. a day each O 4 
 
 Richard Lincoln, and four others, grinding 
 colours for the same painting, four days, 
 at 4%d. a day each 7 
 
 7 Nov. Master Hugh de St. Albans, pain- 
 ter, drawing in the same chapel, three 
 days, at 1 j. a day 3 
 
 John Elham and Gilbert Pokerig, painting in 
 the same chapel, five days, at4r/. a day each 
 
 Wm. Walsyngham, and three others, doing 
 the same there, six days, at gd. a day each O 18 
 
 Richard Croydon and John Palmere, painting 
 
 in the same chapel, six days,at8c/. a day each 8 
 
 Ralph Tatersete, and four others, doing the 
 same and laying on the gold, five days, 
 at Qd. a day each O 12 
 
 d. 
 
 10 
 
 8 4 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 John Leveryngton painting in the same, five 
 
 days, at 5 d. a day O 2 1 
 
 Richard Lincoln, and three others, £mndin5 
 colours for the said painters, five days, at 
 A\d. a day each 7 6 
 
 14 Nov. Master Hugh de St. Albans, pain- 
 ter, painting in the same chapel, two 
 days, at 1 s. a day 2 O 
 
 Gilbert Pokerig painting in the same chapel, 
 
 six days, at lOd. a day O 5 O 
 
 Wm. Walsyngham, and three others, doing 
 the same in the same chapel, six days, at 
 Qd. a day each , O 18 
 
 Richard Croydon and John Palmere, painting 
 
 in the same, six days, at 8d. a day each. 8 
 
 Ralph Tatersete, Roger Norwich, Edward 
 Paynel, and Peter Stokwell, laying on the 
 gold on the lysur' of the windows in the 
 same chapel, six days, at Q d. a day each .0 12 O 
 
 John Leveryngton doing the same there, six 
 
 days, at 5 d. a day O 2 6 
 
 Richard Lincoln, and three others, grinding 
 colours for the painting of the said chapel, 
 six days, at 4%d. a day each O Q O 
 
 21 Nov. Master Hugh de St. Albans, paint- 
 ing in the same chapel, three days, at the 
 above wages o 3 O 
 
 Gilbert Pokerig painting in the same, five 
 
 days, at 10 d. a day O 4 2 
 
 Wm. Walsyngham, and three others, doing 
 the same there, five days, at Q d. a day 
 each O 15 
 
 Richard Croydon and John Palmere, painting 
 in the same chapel, five days, at 8 d. a 
 day each 6 8 
 
 Ralph Tatersete, and three others, painting 
 in the same chapel, five days, at 6d. a day 
 each O 10 O 
 
 John Leveryngton doing the same there, five 
 
 days, at 5d. a day 2 1 
 
 Richard Lincoln, and three others, grinding 
 colours for the painting of the same cha- 
 pel, five days, at 4%d. a day each 7 6 
 
 28 Nov. Hugh de St. Albans working 
 
 there, two days, at the above daily wages 2 
 
 ■ Or border, from Lisiere, which signifies the list of cloth or st 
 out\v:yd part of any thing. Cctgrave's Diet. 
 
 uff, the edge or hem of a garment, also the end or the extreme, 
 
215 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Gilbert Pokerig doing the same, five days, 
 
 at lOd. a day O 4 2 
 
 Wm.Walsyngham, and three other painters, 
 painting in the same chapel, five days, at 
 gd. a day each 15 O 
 
 Richard Croydon and John Palmere, painting 
 in the same, five days, at 8d. a day 
 each O 6 8 
 
 Roger Norwich, Edward Paynel, and Peter 
 Stockwell, laying on the gold in the same 
 chapel, five days, at 6d. a day each O 7 6 
 
 John Leveryngton doing the same there, five 
 
 days, at 5cl. a day 2 1 
 
 Richard Lincoln, Reginald de Walsingham, 
 and Thomas Pritelwell, grinding and tem- 
 pering colours for the painting of the 
 same chapel, five days, at A\d. a day each 5 7 
 
 2/ July, [29 Edward III.] John Barneby 
 working on the chapel, for six days, at 
 
 2s. a day O 12 
 
 John Barneby and William Maynard, two 
 
 painters working there, six days, at 1 s. a 
 
 day each 12 O 
 
 Gilbert Pockerich working there, six days, 
 
 at \0d. a day 5 O 
 
 William Lincoln working there, six days, at 
 
 gd. a day O 4 6 
 
 To two painters working there, six days, at 
 
 5 d. a day each o 5 
 
 3 Aug. John Barneby, painter, working on 
 
 the said chapel, six days, at 2s. a day ... 12 
 To two painters working there, six days, 
 
 at 1 s. a day each O 12 O 
 
 Gilbert Pokerich working there, six days, at 
 
 lOei. a day 5 O 
 
 William Lincoln working there, six days, 
 
 at gd. a day O -1 6 
 
 To two painters working there, six days, 
 
 at 5 d. a day each O 5 O 
 
 10 Aug. John Barneby, painter, working 
 
 on the aforesaid chapel, five days, at 2s. a 
 
 day 10 
 
 To two painters working there, five days, at 
 
 1 5. a dav each o 10 O 
 
 Gilbert Pokerich working there, five days, at 
 
 lOd. a day 4 2 
 
 William Lincoln working there, five days, 
 
 at 9 d. a day 3 g 
 
 £■ s. d. 
 
 To two painters working there, five days, at 
 
 5d. a day each O 4 2 
 
 1 / Aug. John Barneby, painter, working 
 
 on the chapel, six days, at 2s. a day ....012 O 
 
 To two painters working there, six days, at 
 
 1 s. a day each 12 
 
 Gilbert Pokerich working there, six days, at 
 
 \0d. a day O 5 O 
 
 William Lincoln working there, six days, at 
 
 9 d. a day O 3 
 
 To two painters working there, six days, at 
 
 5 d. a day each O 5 O 
 
 24 Aug. John Barneby, painter, working 
 
 on the chapel, six days, at 2s. a day .... 012 
 
 To two painters working there, six days, at 
 
 1 5. a day each O 12 O 
 
 Gilbert Pokeritch, painter, working there, 
 
 six day r s, at 10 d. a day O 5 
 
 William Lincoln working there, six days, at 
 
 gd. a day O 4 6 
 
 To two painters working there, six days, at 
 
 5 d. a day each O 5 O 
 
 30 Aug. John Barneby working on the 
 
 chapel, six days, at 2s. a day 12 O 
 
 Gilbert Pokerich working there, six days, at 
 
 lOd. a day O 5 
 
 William Lincoln working there, six days, at 
 
 gd. a day O 4 6 
 
 To two painters working there, six days, at 
 
 5 d. a day each O 5 O 
 
 14 Sept. William Maynard, painter, work- 
 ing on the aforesaid chape!, six days, at 
 1 s. a day 6 
 
 Gilbert Pokerich working there, six days, at 
 
 lOd. a day O 5 
 
 William Lincoln working there, six days, at 
 
 gd. a day o 4 6 
 
 To two painters working there, six days, at 
 
 5 d. a day each o 5 
 
 [31 Edw. III.] For the wages of Hugh the 
 painter working on the chapel of St. Ste- 
 phen, for sixteen working days, and two 
 holidays an and half, between 12 Sept. 
 and 4 Oct. at 1 s. a day is 
 
 William Maynard, a painter, working there, 
 for seventy-five working days, and seven 
 holidays and an half, between 10 July 
 and Nov. at 1 5. a day 4 2 O 
 
216 
 
 £. s. J. 
 
 To the same William working there, for 
 forty-five working days, and live holidays 
 and an half, between 6 Nov. and 29 Jan. 
 at lid. a day 2 5 10 
 
 To the same, working there, for sixty-four 
 working days, and five holidays and an 
 half, between 29 Jan. and 4 June, at 1 s. 
 a day 3 9 
 
 Gilbert Pokerich, painter, working there, for 
 thirty-two working days, and two holidays 
 and an half, between 5 June and 17 July, 
 at 10c?. a day 1 8 4 
 
 "William Lincoln, painter, working there, for 
 eighty-four working days, and rive holidays 
 and an half, between 29 Jan. and 4 June, 
 at 8 d. a day 2 18 8 
 
 William Somervill, painter, working there 
 for sixty-four working days, and five holi- 
 days and an half, between 29 Jan. and 
 4 June, at 8 c?. a day 2 6 
 
 William Heston, painter, working there, 
 for thirty-one working days, and two ho- 
 lidays and an half, between 27 June and 
 8 Aug. at 6 d. a day O 16 6 
 
 John York and William Cambridge, two 
 painters working there, for sixty-two 
 working days, and six holidays and an 
 half, between 23 Oct. and 29 Jan. at Ad. 
 
 a day each. 2 5 4 
 
 To the aforesaid John York, a painter, work- 
 ing there, for sixty-four working days, 
 and five holidays and an half, between 
 
 29 Jan. and 4 June, at 4| d. a day 1 5 \0\ 
 
 To the aforesaid William Cambridge work- 
 ing there, for eighty-three days, and five 
 holidays and an half, between 29 Jan. 
 and 4 June, at 4%d. a day 112 7§ 
 
 PAINTERS EMPLOYED ON PARTICULAR 
 PARTS. 
 
 30 Jan. [26 Edw. III.] John Elham and Gil- 
 bert Pokerigh, painting several images k 
 in the chapel, five days, at 10 d. a day each 8 4 
 
 27 Feb. Hugh de St.Albans, painter, work- 
 ing there, two days, on the drawing of 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 the images in the same chapel, at the 
 
 above daily wages 2 
 
 19 March. John Elham, Gilbert Pokerigh, 
 and Wm. de Walsingham, three painters, 
 painting images on the walls of the said 
 chapel, six days, at lOcZ. a day each .... 15 O 
 
 Richard Croydon and John Palmer, doing 
 
 the same there, six days, at 8 d. a clay each 8 O 
 
 John Werkham, and five others, painting 
 the walls of the said chapel, six days, at 
 6d. a day each OJ8 O 
 
 John Leveryngton, and three others, laying 
 on the gold on the walls of the said chapel, 
 six days, at 5d. a day each O 10 O 
 
 26 March. John Elham, Gilbert Pokerigh, 
 and Wm. de Walsyngham, three painters, 
 painting images for the same chapel, six 
 days, at 10 d. a day each 15 
 
 Thomas Ruddok doing the same there, six 
 
 days, at Qd. a day 4 6 
 
 John Pal mere, painting the walls of the said 
 
 chapel, six days, at Sd. a day O 4 O 
 
 Roger Norwich, and three others, painting 
 the walls of the said chapel, six days, at 
 Qd. a day each .. O 12 O 
 
 Wm. Lark doing the same there, two days, 
 
 at 6d. a day O I 
 
 John Leveryngton, and two others, laying 
 on the gold on the walls of the aforesaid 
 chapel, six days, at 5d. a day each O 7 6 
 
 2 April. John Elham, and two others, 
 painting there on the said images, six days, 
 at 10c/. a day each O 15 O 
 
 John Palmere doing the same there, six 
 
 days, at 8d. a day 4 O 
 
 John Lark, and five others, painting the walls 
 
 of the said chapel, six days, at 6d. a day 18 O 
 12 April. Wm. de Walsyngham and John 
 Elham, painters, painting images on the 
 walls of the said chapel, two days and an 
 
 half, at 10c?. a day each O 4 2 
 
 Roger Norwich and Edmund Paynel, paint- 
 ing the tabernacles and walls in the said 
 chapel, two days and an half, at Qd. a 
 day each 2 6 
 
 Or figures. 
 
217 
 
 £■ d. 
 
 Wm. Heston, Thomas Shank, and John de 
 Leveryngton, laying on the gold as well 
 on the said walls as on the placing of the 
 preynts on the marble columns there, two 
 days and an half, at 5 d. a day each . . . . O 3 1 
 
 16 April. Wm. Walsyngham, John Elham, 
 and Gilbert Pokerigh, painting and draw- 
 ing the images of the same chapel, six 
 days, at 10 J. a day each 15 O 
 
 Thomas Ruddok, John Davy, John Oxford, 
 and John Athelard, doing the same in the 
 same chapel, six days, at gd. a day each. 18 
 
 30 April. Master Hugh of St. Albans, pain- 
 ter, ordering 1 the drawings for the pain- 
 ters, one day, at the above rate 1 
 
 Gilbert Pokerich, and Wm. Walsyngham, 
 painters, painting the images in the same 
 chapel, five days, at 10</. a day each. . . . O 8 4 
 
 7 May. Master Hugh de St. Albans, painter, 
 working on the disposition of the painting 
 of the same chapel, three days, at the rate 
 above mentioned O 3 
 
 13 May. Master Hugh de St. Albans, dis- 
 poser of the works of the painters m paint- 
 ing there, two days, at the above rate . . . O 2 
 
 Roger Norwich, and seven others, laying on 
 the gold on the walls of the said chapel, 
 five days, at 6d. a day each l O O 
 
 Peter de Cambridge and John Leveryngton, 
 and two others doing the same there, five 
 days, at 5 d. a day each 8 4 
 
 21 May. John Leveryngton, and three 
 others, laying on the gold in the taberna- 
 cles, and priming the walls of the said 
 chapel, six days, at 5d. a day each O 10 O 
 
 29 May. Wm. de Walsyngham working 
 on the painting of the angels there, two 
 days and an half, at \0d. a day 2 1 
 
 Richard Norwich doing the same there, two 
 
 days and an half, at Qd. a day 1 10^ 
 
 2 July. Master Hugh de St. Albans draw- 
 ing images in the same chapel, three days, 
 at 1 s. a day 3 i 
 
 1(3 July. Edward Paynel, and three others, 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 laying gold and pryntes in the same cha- 
 pel, six days, at 6d. a day each .... ,'. ..012 
 
 24 July. Wm. Walsingham and Gilbert 
 Pokrich, painting images in the same cha- 
 pel, live days, at \0d. a day each 12 6 
 
 John Eccester, Wm. Maynard, and John 
 Davy, doing the same there, four days, at 
 Qd. a day each Oil 3 
 
 Edward Paynel, and five others, making 
 pryntes and placing them in the same 
 chapel, five days, at 6d. a day each .... 015 O 
 
 Wm. Heston, Thomas Shank, and Peter de 
 Cambridge, doing the same there, five 
 days, at 5 ^d, a day each 6 10^ 
 
 PAINTING, MATERIALS FOR 
 
 26 June, [25 Edw. III.] John Lightgrave, for 
 six hundred leaves of gold, for painting 
 the tablements of the said chapel, at 5 s. 
 per hundred 1 10 
 
 To the same for twelve leaves of tin for the 
 
 Lisesers " of the said tablements O 1 
 
 For one flagon of coole for the paintings. ..00 1 
 
 For cole and squirrels tails for the painting 
 
 of the chapel O O 3 
 
 4 July. Master Hugh de St. Albans, for 
 
 twelve leaves of tin for the aforesaid work* 10 
 
 11 July. John Lightgrave, for seven hun- 
 dred leaves of gold for the painting of the 
 tablement aforesaid, at 5 s. per hundred . 1 15 O 
 
 Nineteen pounds of white lead for priming 
 ° of the said chapel, at Ad. 
 per pound o 6 4 
 
 Four dozen of tin leaves to make liseras for 
 
 the aforesaid tablement O 4 
 
 J 8 July . John Matfrey, for sixty-two pounds 
 of red lead, for painting the said chapel, at 
 5 d. per pound 1 5 10 
 
 Master Hugh de St. Albans, for four flagons 
 of painters oil, for the painting of the 
 chapel O 16 O 
 
 25 July. Master Hugh, for two flagons of 
 
 cole, for the painting of the said chapel. .002 
 
 John Lightgrave, for five hundred leaves of 
 
 Or deigning. See before. <" Or rather designer. n The edges or borders. Sec this explained in a former note. 
 
 The original record is unfortunately, from injury or aij illegible in this place. 
 
 2 I' 
 
21 
 
 8 
 
 gold, for the painting of the chapel, at 5 s. 
 
 per hundred 1 5 O 
 
 To the same for six dozen leaves of tin for 
 
 the same, at 1 s. a dozen 6 
 
 Master Hugh de St. Albans, for half a pound 
 of teynt, for the painting of the said 
 chapel 2 
 
 To the same for thirteen flagons of painters 
 oil, for the painting of the said chapel, at 
 
 3 s. Ad. a flagon 2 3 4 
 
 1 August. Cole for the painters O 1 
 
 John Lightgrave, for seven hundred leaves 
 of gold, for the painting of the chapel, 
 
 price per hundred as above l 15 
 
 8 Aug. Master Hugh de St. Albans, for 
 three pounds of white lead, for the paint- 
 ing of the chapel O 1 
 
 To the same, for one pound and an half of 
 
 oker, for the same painting O O 3 
 
 To the same, for two small earthen jars, to 
 
 put the different colours in O O 1 
 
 One pound and an half of Cynephe for the 
 
 painting of the upper chapel O 17 3 
 
 15 Aug. Lonyn de Bruges, for six pounds 
 and an half of white varnish, for the 
 painting of the said chapel, price per 
 pound Qd 4 10£ 
 
 John Lighgrave, for six hundred leaves of 
 gold, for the painting of the same chapel, 
 at 5 s. per hundred 1 10 
 
 5 Sept. Master Hugh de St. Albans, for 
 twelve pounds of white lead, for the paint- 
 ing of the chapel, at 4%d. per pound . . . O 4 6 
 
 For half a pound of red lead, for the painting 
 
 of the chapel 8 
 
 To the same, for three pounds of asure, for 
 
 the same painting 1 100 
 
 For four pounds of oker for the same O O 6 
 
 Thirty peacocks' and swans' feathers, and 
 
 squirrells tails, for the painters pencils . . O 2J 
 
 Two flagons of cole for the same O 2 
 
 John Lyghgrave, for six hundred leaves of 
 gold, for the painting of the chapel, at 
 4s. 6d. per hundred 1 7 
 
 One pair of shears to cut the leaves of tyn .002 
 
 12 Sept. John Lyghgrave, for sixty pounds 
 and an half of white lead, for the paint- 
 ing of the chapel, at 3 \ d. a pound 17 7i 
 
 £. s. & 
 
 ig Sept. Nineteen flagons of painters oil, 
 for painting of the chapel, at 3*. Ad. per 
 flagon 3 3 4, 
 
 John Lighgrave, for six hundred leaves of 
 gold, bought for the painting of the said 
 chapel, at As. 6d. an hundred 1 7 O 
 
 One pound of hog's hair to make pencils for 
 
 the painters O 1 O 
 
 Half a pound of cotton for laying on the 
 
 gold O fi 
 
 26 Sept. John Lighgrave, for one thou- 
 sand eight hundred and fifty leaves of 
 gold, for the painting of the chapel, at 
 4 s. 6d. per hundred 4 3 3 
 
 John Tynbetere, for twelve dozen leaves of 
 
 tin for the same O 2 O 
 
 Cole for the same O O 6 
 
 3 Oct. [26 Edw. III.] John Lighgrave, for 
 one pound of white lead, for the painting 
 of the chapel, at 1\d. a pound O 10 7 
 
 To the same for two thousand three hun- 
 dred and fifty leaves of gold for the same 
 painting, at As. 6 d. a hundred 5 5 Q 
 
 To the same for three pounds of asure, for 
 
 the same painting, at 10s. per pound . . 1 10 O 
 
 To the same for one pound of cynople, for 
 
 the painting of the said chapel 1 10 O 
 
 To the same for two pounds of vermelon 
 
 for the same O 3 4 
 
 John Tynbeter, for six dozen leaves of tin, 
 
 for the said painting 6 
 
 10 Oct. Cole, and peacocks and swans 
 
 feathers, for the works of the said chapel O 2\ 
 
 John Lighgrave, for fifty-three pounds of 
 white lead, for the painting of the same 
 chapel, at 3 %d. per pound O 15 5 
 
 To the same for forty-three pounds of red 
 
 lead for the same, at Ad. per pound .... 14 6 
 
 To the same for five pounds of asure, for the 
 painting of the same chapel, at 10s. a 
 pound 3 O O 
 
 To the same for four pounds of vermelon 
 
 for the same, at Is. 8d. a pound 6 8 
 
 To the same for three pounds of white lead 10 
 
 To the same for two thousand six hundred 
 and fifty leaves of gold, for the painting of 
 the same chapel, at 4 s. an hundred 5 6 
 
 17 Oct. Wm.Dowey, for six hundred leaves 
 
219 
 
 £• r. d. 
 
 of gold, for the painting of the chapel, at 
 
 4 s. an hundred 1 4 
 
 Wra. Allemand, for seven hundred leaves 
 of gold, for the works of the said chapel, 
 price per hundred as above I 8 O 
 
 Hugh de St. Albans, for thirty-one pounds 
 of white lead, for the painting of the 
 chapel, at 3 d. per pound 7 9 
 
 Witt, de Hamelamsted. for one hundred and 
 an half and two pounds of tin, for the 
 king's works, at 1 1. 2s. per hundred ... 1 13 5 
 
 7 Nov. John Madefray, for one flagon of 
 
 cole, for the painting of the chapel 1 
 
 To the same for six. pounds of white lead for 
 
 the same , O 2 
 
 One pound of hog's hairs to make the 
 
 brushes for the painters 8 
 
 Win. Alemand, for nine hundred leaves of 
 gold, for the painting of the chapel, at 4s. 
 per hundred 1 1(5 
 
 14 Nov. Wm. Alemand, for seven hun- 
 dred leaves of gold, for the painting of the 
 tabernacles in the same chapel 1 8 
 
 Margaret Piebaker, for half a pound of ey- 
 . nopre, for the painting of the chapel. ... 10 O 
 
 Master Hugh de St. Albans, for two pounds of 
 
 cynopre, from Montpellier,at 8s. per pound l6 
 
 To the same for fifty-two pounds of white 
 varnish, for the painting of the chape), at 
 8d. a pound 1 14 8 
 
 21 Nov. John Madefray, for two pounds of 
 azure, for the painting of the chapel, at 
 7s. per pound J4 O 
 
 To the same for ten pounds of white lead for 
 the same, at 4 d. per pound 3 4 
 
 George Cosyn, for two pounds of vermelon, 
 
 for the same, at Is. 8d. per pound O 3 4 
 
 Wm. Alemand, for eight hundred leaves of 
 
 gold, for the same, at 4s. an hundred. ..112 
 
 Hugh de St. Albans, for one pound of cy- 
 
 nople, for the painting of the same chapel 10 
 
 28 Nov. Wm. Alemand, for eight hundred 
 leaves of gold, for the painting of the 
 chapel, at 45. per hundred l 12 O 
 
 For thread to bind the painters brushes and 
 
 pencils O O 1 
 
 "3 The original woid is Cuband. Cubare Aurum, as is 'shewn 
 
 Cole for the painting of the said chapel ... O 1 
 
 5 Dec. Thomas Piebaker, for one pound 
 
 of cinople, for the painting of the chapel 10 
 Wm. Alemayne, for three hundred leaves of 
 
 gold, for the painting of the said chapel, 
 
 at 4s. per hundred 12 
 
 John Lighgrave, for fifty-six pounds of red 
 
 lead, for the painting of the chapel, at 
 
 3£ d. a pound o 16 8 
 
 To the same for three pounds of vermelon, 
 
 for the painting of the same chapel, at 2s. 
 
 per pound o 
 
 12 Dec. John le Tynbetere, for six dozen 
 and eight leaves of tin, for the painting of 
 the chapel, at 1$. per dozen o 
 
 Wm Alemant, for live hundred leaves of 
 
 gold, for the painting of the chapel, at 4s. 
 
 per hundred i 
 
 One flagon of cole for the painting of the 
 
 chapel o 
 
 2 Jan. John Lambard, for two quatern of 
 
 royal paper, for the painters patrons [i. e. 
 
 patterns] o 
 
 One pound of cotton to lay on the gold. ... O 
 One pair of scales to weigh the different 
 
 painters colours o 
 
 g Jan. John Tynbeter, for six dozen and 
 
 eight leaves of tin for the pryntes in the 
 
 painting of the chapel 
 
 Peacocks and swans feathers, for the pencils 
 
 of the painters o 
 
 6 Feb. John Tynbeter, for six dozen leaves 
 of tin, to make the pryntes for the paint- 
 ing of the said chapel o 
 
 1 3 Feb. John Lighgrave, for one hundred 
 and thirty-six pounds of white varnish, for 
 the painting of the same chapel, at 4\d. 
 per pound 2 
 
 To the same for eighteen pounds of red var- 
 nish, at 4d per pound o 
 
 Seventy peacocks and swans feathers, to 
 make pencils for the painters o O 
 
 Cotton for covering t the painted pryntes. . O 
 
 20 Feb. John Tynbeter, for six dozen leaves 
 of tin, for the pryntes for the painting of 
 
 the chapel o 6 o 
 
 in a former note, means to lay on the gold, and here therefore 
 
 6 o 
 
 6 8 
 
 
 
 1 o 
 
 1 8 
 10 
 
 1 o 
 
 6 8 
 
 O 2 
 
 6 o 
 
 11 
 
 6 O 
 
220 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 27 Feb. Squirrels tails for making the pain- 
 ters pencils O 1 
 
 5 March. Master Andrew the smith, for 
 one fork of iron, sharpened for the pain- 
 ters O O 2 
 
 ig March. John Matfray, for four pounds 
 of oker, for the priming of the walls of 
 
 the same chapel 8 
 
 To the same for two pounds of brun for the 
 
 same O 6 
 
 Thomas Drayton, for eight flagons of pain- 
 ters oil, for the painting of the chapel, at 
 2s. 6d. a flagon 1 O 
 
 26 March. Gilbert Pokerig, for two flagons 
 
 of cole, for the painting of the said chapel 2 
 
 To the same for two earthen pots to heat 
 
 the cole O O 1 £ 
 
 16 April. John Matfray, for two pounds of 
 VertdeGrece, for the painting of the same 
 chapel 2 4 
 
 22 April. John Lighgrave and Wm. Alle- 
 mant, for two thousand one hundred leaves 
 of gold, for the painting of the same 
 chapel 4 8 
 
 To the same, for four hundred leaves of 
 silver, for the painting of the same chapel, 
 at 8c? per hundred 2 9 
 
 30 April. Gilbert Pokerich, for swans and 
 peacocks feathers, for the pencils of the 
 painters O 2 
 
 To the same for thread to bind the pencils 
 
 and brushes of the painters 1 
 
 4 June. Gilbert Pokerich, for one hundred 
 and fifty-three peacock's and swan's fea- 
 thers, for the pencils of the painters. . . . O 3§ 
 
 To the same for one pound of coton, for 
 
 laying on the gold in the same chapel. . . O O 10 
 
 Simon de Lenne, for one pound and an half 
 of hog's bristles, for the brushes of the 
 painters 1 
 
 £. s d. 
 
 1 1 June. Gilbert Pokergh, for thread and 
 
 squirrel's tails, for the painters pencils ..002 
 18 June, [26 Edw. III.] John Lightgrave, 
 for one thousand leaves of gold, for the 
 
 painting of the chapel 2 O 
 
 To the same for one hundred leaves of silver, 
 
 for the same O 8 
 
 John Tynbetre, for six dozen leaves of tin, 
 
 for pry ntes in the same chapel 6 O 
 
 To the same for half a pound of teynt, for 
 
 the painting of the angels O 1 8 
 
 2.5 June. John Lightgrave, for ten pounds 
 of weak azure, for the painting of the 
 
 same chapel, at 5 s. per pound 2 10 O 
 
 Gilbert Pokerich, for one flagon of cole, 
 and for stupis/ for printing the painting 
 
 with impressions ' O 2 
 
 16 July. John Raynard, for eleven pounds 
 
 of white lead, for the painting of the ctuipel 8 
 John Matfray, for two pounds of red lead, 
 
 for the same O 2 4 
 
 23 July. John Tynbetere, for six dozen 
 
 leaves of tin, for the pryntes O 6 O 
 
 13 Aug. John Lightgrave, for three hun- 
 dred leaves of silver, for the painting of a 
 certain window to counterfeit glass, at 8 s. 
 
 per hundred 2 O 
 
 To die same for two pounds of viridisgrece, 
 
 for the same O I 8 
 
 To the same for three pounds of vermelloni, 
 
 for the same 6 O 
 
 Cole for the same O O 1 
 
 27 Aug. John Tynbetere, for six dozen 
 leaves of tin, for the pryntes for the paint- 
 ing of the same chapel 1 O 6 O 
 
 Nicholas Chaunser, for fifteen ells of canvas, 
 to cover the images of the kings to^ be 
 
 painted 6 8 
 
 Boatage and porterage of the said canvas and 
 
 cable from London to Westm 3 
 
 must be supposed to signify laying it upon the different parts of the painted prints, or stamped impressions, made in the soft 
 piaster on the walls and columns, &c. 
 
 r Stupa, in Latin, means hemp. Calepin's Diet. Estoupe, in French, signifies tow, or oakum ; and the French verb estouper, 
 implies ,' To stop, to close, to shut, or makeup.' See Cotgrave's Diet. — It is difficult, from any of thefe, to deduce a meaning 
 which will suit the text, which seems to require a signification similar to stamps for making an impression. 
 
221 
 
 £■ s. d. 
 
 3 Sept. George Cosyn, for one quatern of 
 royal paper, bought to make the painters 
 patrons [i. e. patterns] 10 
 
 Gilbert Pokriche, for peacock's feathers, and 
 cole, and stupis, for covering s the impres- 
 sions o o 7 
 
 17 Sept. John Tynbeter, for six dozen 
 
 leaves of tin, for the pryntes O 6 O 
 
 27 July, [29 Edw. III.] John Mathfrey, 
 for two pounds of white lead, for the 
 paintings of the chapel 1 4 
 
 To the same for cole, stupis, ^nd thread, for 
 
 the same 1 4 
 
 John Lithgrave, for three hundred leaves of 
 
 gold, for the same 12 
 
 3 Aug. John Lithgrave, for four hundred 
 
 leaves of gold, for the aforesaid chapel . . 16 
 
 To the same for two hundred leaves of silver 
 
 for the same 1 4 
 
 Two flagons of cole for the same O 2 
 
 10 Aug. John Lithgrave, for two hundred 
 
 leaves of gold, for the chapel and hall. ..080 
 
 Four flagons of cole for the same O O 4 
 
 17 Aug. John Lithgrave, for three hun- 
 dred leaves of gold, for the aforesaid chapel O 12 O 
 
 To the same for half a pound of sinopre for 
 
 the same 1 10 6 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 30 Aug. John Lithgrave, for two hundred 
 
 leaves of gold, for the aforesaid chapel . . 8 O 
 
 1 Sept. John Lithgrave, for two hundred 
 
 leaves of gold, for the chapel O 8 
 
 21 Sept. John Lightgrave, for two hundred 
 
 leaves of gold, for the aforesaid chapel. .080 
 
 John Matefrey, for three pounds and an half 
 
 of white lead, for the chapel O 1 O 
 
 One hundred leaves of tin for the same . . . O 1 O 
 
 Six flagons of cole for the same O O 6 
 
 [31 Edw. Ill,] John Lightgrave, for two 
 thousand three hundred leaves of gold, for 
 the paintings in the chapel, for the time 
 aforesaid, [viz. from 5 June, 31 Edw. Ill, 
 to 4 June next year], at 4 s. per hundred 4 12 O 
 
 Master Hugh, for four flagons of oil, for the 
 
 same, at 1 s. 1 \^d. a flagon O 7 6 
 
 William Maynard, for half a pound and a 
 
 quarter of sinopre for the same, in gross. 17 2 
 
 To the same for two pounds of verdigris, 
 and one pound and an half of vermillion, 
 for the same ; price, a pound of verdigris 
 Is. and a pound of vermillion 2s. \d. . . O 5 
 
 To the same for six pounds and an half of 
 
 white lead for the same, at 6d. a pound ..03 3 
 
 To the same for one dozen of tin for the 
 
 same O 1 O 
 
 » The original word is Cuband again. 
 
 Too much cannot be said as to the value and importance of these docu- 
 ments, not only to the present purpose, but to the history of the arts of Paint- 
 ing, Sculpture, and Architecture. They decidedly prove, 
 
 First, — that the rebuilding of this Chapel by Edward III, was begun so 
 early as the fourth year of his reign, which, commencing in 1326, must 
 be 1329, seventeen years earlier than the date assigned for that event by- 
 Stow : 
 
 Secondly, — that the painters had not begun in the 21st year of his reign, 
 1345, but that they were at work on the 20th of June, in his 25th, (13.30:) 
 that they had not finished in his 31st, (1356;) and they do not occur in his 
 39th, (1364:) 
 
222 
 
 Thirdly, — that the painters on glass had commenced on the 20th of 
 June, in his 25th year, (1350;) and finished in the month of March, in his 
 28th year, (1352 .) 
 
 Fourthly, — that the paintings were unquestionably in oil, y and, conse- 
 quently, anterior considerably to the supposed invention of that method in 
 1410: 
 
 Fifthly, — that the original Cloisters, which were situated by the Chapel of 
 La Pue, on the spot now Cotton Garden, were built in the 31st year of Ed- 
 ward III, because a charge is found for two hundred and eighteen loads of 
 stone, for that purpose: 2 
 
 And lastly, that the Bell Tower was erected between the 7th and 10th 
 years of Edward III, viz. between 1331 and 1334, and was carried up thirty- 
 four feet higher in the 18th year of Richard II." 
 
 No one of these particulars has ever before been disclosed, and, consi- 
 dering that the workmen were, with very few exceptions, paid daily and 
 weekly wages, according to their time, and not by task-work, it is extraor- 
 dinary that they should have been so minute in these Rolls as to notice the 
 progress from time to time made in the whole; the sums paid for any par- 
 ticular parts of the work; and the names of the persons by whom such parts 
 were executed. 
 
 But, besides, they furnish the names of painters before unknown, living 
 at a period when lord Orford had not been able to find any names; for he 
 says that during the reigns of the two first Edwards, he finds no vestiges of 
 the art; b also in the time of Edward III, too, he has not inserted the names of 
 artists, which, had he met with, he would not have omitted; and in that of 
 Richard II he confesses none had occurred/ These persons, however, are 
 not only prior to any account lord Orford possessed, but as some of them 
 liourished in the reign of Edward I, and others, in that of Edward III, they 
 fill up a chasm of nearly a century in his work, and connect the instances 
 
 f See the Extracts from the Accounts under the head of Painting-Materials, where oil is 
 repeatedly charged for, and that in large quantities. But there were also oil paintings in this 
 Chapel so early as the reign of Edward I. See the Extracts from the Accounts in his reign, be- 
 fore inserted. 
 
 z See the Extracts from the Accounts, under the head Cloisters La Pue. 
 a See the article Bell Tower, among the Extracts from these Accounts. 
 
 b Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i, p. .'37. e Ibid. p. 49. 
 
223 
 
 he has produced in the reign of Henry III, with the time of Richard II, 
 from which aera his book proceeds more regularly. 
 
 Although the preceding records have clearly pointed out the names of the 
 several pigments and materials employed in the Pictures in St. Stephens 
 Chapel, yet in justice to a friend of Mr. Smith's, an Analysis of the colours is 
 here introduced in a Letter, to shew the ingenuity and chemical acumen 
 which could so correctly, and as it were prophetically, state every ingredient, 
 full five years before those records were inspected: — by which the fact of 
 their being painted in oil, is as decidedly established as by the records 
 themselves. 
 
 " To Mr. JOHN THOMAS SMITH, 
 
 " ENGRAVER OF THE ANTIQUITIES OF LONDON. 
 " DEAR SIR, 
 
 " At your request, I have sent you an account of the obser- 
 " vations I have made on several kinds of pigments, which you collected 
 " in the Chapel of St. Stephen, Westminster. These specimens have been 
 " submitted to chemical analysis, and the following colours have been clearly 
 " and unequivocally detected, viz. vermilion, of a very bright and beautiful 
 " hue; an oxyd of iron, resembling ochre, or the ruddle c now used; red lead, 
 " which had wonderfully retained its lustre; white lead, but little altered; and 
 " a green, which is a preparation of copper, (in all probability verdigrise). 
 " This latter colour, however, had in some parts assumed a blucish appcar- 
 " ance, and seems not to have kept so well as the rest. The vermilion was 
 " detected by putting a small quantity on a heated iron: it burned blue, and 
 " emitted a sulphureous smell. A small strip of pure gold, held over the 
 " flame, became whitened, and afterwards shewed a perfect mercurial amal- 
 " gamation. The brown, (which was ruddle) was delected to be iron, by 
 " solution in muriatic acid ; by the blue precipitate afforded by Prussiat of 
 " potash; and by the black, which was struck by infusion of galls. 
 
 " The white lead was dissolved in acetic acid; and on introducing a po- 
 " lished plate of zinc, metallic lead was deposited thereon. The same ana- 
 " lysis, with the same result, was employed lor the red lead. 
 
 c Most probably, by them denominated Sinoplc, being so termed by Pliny, Lib. 35, C. 7, ex 
 Rubris sinopide Pootica. 
 
224 
 
 " The green, supposed to be verdigrise, was treated with acetic acid; arH, 
 " on introducing a plate of polished iron, metallic copper was encrusted on 
 " the former metal. It may be observed, that this colour, which on its 
 " surface assumed a dark blue appearance, when scraped afforded the usual 
 " green colour of verdigrise. 
 
 " In some specimens of the paintings from this place, ultramarine has 
 " been very copiously employed. 
 
 " In order to examine these colours, I was obliged, after having carefully 
 " scraped them from the stone, to employ a quantity of impure aether, (spiritus 
 " aethcris vitriolici of the London Pharmacopoeia), to dissolve the varnish 
 " which Lad been laid over them, and also to separate the Oil with which the 
 " colours had been prepared. By this method, I was enabled to procure the 
 " colours in a state of purity, after they had subsided to the bottom of the 
 " phial. The supernatant liquor, when decanted and mixed with water, 
 " became immediately turbid, and an oleaginous matter swam on the sur- 
 " face; this matter had the peculiar smell of varnish, and adhered as such 
 " to the sides of the phial. What the composition of this varnish may have 
 " been, I cannot precisely determine. 
 
 " In many instances, after other colours had been scraped off, a quantity 
 " of red lead, mixed with oleaginous matter, was found to have been laid iiri- 
 " mediately on the stone, as a priming. Whether this may have been the 
 " use of such composition, I am unable to say; 1 can merely state that in 
 " some instances, where the other colours were but slightly adherent (and 
 " therefore easily removed), the common combination of red lead and oil 
 " was found immediately painted on the stone. 
 
 " Respecting the gilding, it is evident that the surface of the stone having 
 " been previously made smooth, a coat or' ochre with oil was laid on, over 
 " which the gold leaf was placed, and which was afterwards covered with 
 " while or transparent varnish.' 1 This was proved by dissolving the gold in 
 " nitro-muriatic acid, when the ochre became visible; and the latter being 
 " scraped off, was miscible with spirits of turpentine, but not at all with 
 " water. The gold leaf was of great purity, and thicker than that which 
 " is now ordinarily employed. 
 
 " It will doubtless be an object with artists to ascertain by what means 
 
 d But in some instances a brilliant lacker had been employed, the lustre of which is undi- 
 minished in the spe<. imuns before me. 
 
225 
 
 ** these colours have been so long preserved in so high a state of perfec- 
 " tion: this question is not so difficult to be solved, if " the general causes 
 be stated which are known to alter colours, and if the circumstances be 
 " brought forward (which historical record may probably furnish) in which 
 " these paintings were placed. By connecting these particulars, you will 
 " be enabled to form some judgment on the subject. All the colours 
 "which I have examined are metallic; either oxyds of metals, sulphures, 
 " or acid metallic sahs. One circumstance, indeed, which may have 
 " particularly contributed to their preservation is, that they are painted in 
 " oil, which has defended them from the access of air; and I should strongly 
 " suspect, that they were very little exposed to light. Another means also 
 " of preservation has been that the colour was painted on stone, which 
 " would prevent any alteration from moisture. Had wood been em- 
 " ployed, the perishable nature of that substance, under many circumstances, 
 " would have affected the colours. With regard to two colours, viz. the 
 " ruddle and vermilion, they would not have been affected by any of the 
 " known causes which produce alteration. The verdigrise was considerably 
 " altered. The ultramarine, being a sulphure of iron, would, like the ver- 
 " milion, (sulphure of mercury) resist any attack from sulphurated hydrogene 
 " gaz, if it were present. In short, there can be no doubt that every method 
 " was employed to preserve these paintings, which must have been regarded 
 " as the perfection of the art at that period. It is to be lamented, that at the 
 " commencement of the nineteenth century, the coarse hand of the labourer 
 " should have violated this monument of regal splendor, which the hero of 
 " Poictiers and of Cressy intended to transmit to posterity, as a record of the 
 " successful valour, and tasteful magnificence, which dignified his reign. 
 
 I am, dear Sir, 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 J. HASLAM/" 
 
 • This excellent Chymist is Apothecary to Bridewell and Bethlehem Hospitals, and author of 
 a very popular treatise on the Nature and Treatment of Insanity. 
 
 1 G 
 
226 
 
 P. S. " The specimen of painted glass you lately sent me, — a copy of 
 " which you have introduced in your work, — consists of verdigrise prepared 
 " with varnish, applied to the glass; immediately over which, leaf-silver is 
 " laid, and upon that a cement, to fasten it to the niche wherein it was inlaid. 
 " The green colour in this specimen appears fresh and perfect, which is 
 " owing to the exclusion of air, in consequence of the varnish employed, and 
 " the coating of silver-leaf. This is stated, because it has been previously 
 " remarked that in some instances the green colour had assumed a blueish 
 " appearance. 
 
 " Perhaps it may be irrelevant, but it struck me forcibly, on reading 
 " Pierce Ploughman's Crede, in the part where he is speaking of the splendor 
 " of a religious house, that the following line bore an allusion to the subject 
 " of your work : 
 
 patlemcnt fiottg y pruntcti abottte f " e 
 
 In the above letter, yellow is not enumerated, because gold was employed 
 in lieu of it; but an inference cannot thence be drawn that yellow was unknown 
 at the above period, for in the 13th of Edward III, 1339, Orpiment was in- 
 cluded amongst the pigments with which some of the paintings were executed 
 in the Cathedral of Ely/ 
 
 Late discoveries have very much tended to overthrow John Van Eyck's 
 claim to the discovery of Oil-Painting. Professor Lessing, in a tract pub- 
 
 e The poet alludes here, undoubtedly, to the Chapter House, Westminster Abbey, which was 
 a House of Parliament in his time, and before ; for according to Elsynge — <f An. 50 E. III. The 
 " cause of summons ended, the Commons were willed to withdraw themselves to their antient 
 " place in the Chapter House of the abbot of Westminster, and there to treat and consult among 
 " themselves." St. Stephen's Chapel was granted to the Commons in the reign of Edward VI. 
 When the Chapter-House was converted to another use and presses were fitted up under the 
 windows which illuminated the building, for the reception of public Records, which are now 
 preserved there; and when some of these presses were removed in the year 1801, for the construc- 
 tion of rooms of accommodation for the official clerks, representations of Angels were discovered 
 to have been painted on the walls, which Mr, Smith minutely examined, and found to resemble 
 those it) St. Stephen's Chapel engraven for this work. From a close comparison of the style 
 of colouring, and from the general character of all of them, Mr. Smith is thoroughly persuaded 
 that the paintings in both buildings were executed by the same artists. 
 
 ' .Archceologia, vol.ix, p. 152. 
 
227 
 
 lished by him in German, in 1774, h first invalidated the account of this in- 
 vention by John Van Eyck, too hastily adopted by Vasari, and produced, as 
 evidence, from Theophilus on painting, — a work in manuscript, which he 
 thought, from the hand-writing and other characteristics, to be seven or eight 
 hundred years old, and which unequivocally teaches the method of mixing- 
 colours with oil. By this he has sufficiently proved the method to have 
 been practised before John Van Eyck's time. Mr. Easpe followed him, in 
 1781, in his very ingenious Essay, and printed as much of Theophilus as was 
 contained in a manuscript in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 which was unfortunately far less complete than some others; he also gave from 
 lord Orfoi d, then Mr. Walpole, a few instances of oil Pictures before Van 
 Eyck's time: but these instances do not reach farther back than the reign of 
 Richard II,' and, consequently, must all be included within the period be- 
 tween 1377 and 1399. 
 
 Governor Pownall, in 1788, introduced, in a paper read before the So- 
 ciety of Antiquaries, and printed in their Archseologia, Vol. IX, p. 141, & 
 seqq. extracts from the Rolls of expences attending some paintings in the 
 cathedral of Ely, done in 1325, 1335, 1336, 1339, 1346, and 24 Edward III, 
 [i.e. 1349], but he remarks of them, at the same time, that they all belong- 
 to house-painting. 
 
 To Lessing's Essay some additions have been made by the editor of his 
 Works, in German, printed in 12mo. at Berlin, in 1792, in the twelfth vo- 
 lume; in which, he says, there is not sufficient ground for denying to John 
 Van Eyck the introduction of the use of oil-colours in pictures. Eurthcr on, 
 he remarks, that no one had sufficiently proved that the knowledge of mixing 
 oil with colours, for the express purpose of painting pictures, had been used 
 before John Van Eyck's time; on the contrary, he asserts that the mixture 
 of oils with colours was only adopted in simple paintings or colouring. In this 
 same edition is mentioned a tract of Baron Von Budberg's, on the subject of 
 Oil Painting, in defence of Vasari, printed at Gottingen, in 1792, in which 
 it is related, that painting in oil was no secret to Giotto, for that V asari, in his 
 life of Agnolo Gadi, (who was one of Giotto's scholars, and lived from 1324 
 to 1387 j) informs his readers, that among Gadi's scholars, was Cennino di Drea 
 
 Inserted also in the eighth volume of the edition of his works in German, printed in 12mo. 
 at Berlin, in 1792. 
 
 ' See Itaspe on Oil Painting, 4to. Lond. 1781, p. 54. 
 
228 
 
 Cennini, who learnt painting from this Agnolo Gadi; which Cennino wrote a 
 book in his own hand, in which he gives various modes of painting, and a 
 method of grinding colours in oil, to make red, blue, green, and other colours, 
 to put upon gold, but not for figures. The book is said to have been, in 
 Vasari's time, in the hands of Giuliano, a Siennese goldsmith; but it cer- 
 tainly does not, from Vasari's account, at all prove that Giotto, or Agnolo 
 Gadi, knew any thing of this method ; nor does it seem to have been Vasari's 
 idea, from what he says, that even Cennino Cennini thought it applicable 
 to figures or historical compositions. 
 
 In the same Edition of Lessing's Essay, is a tract by Von Rieggu, in 
 German, on the subject of the History and Statistics of Bohemia, in which 
 an account is given of Thomas Von Mulina, a painter, who lived in the thir- 
 teenth and fourteenth centuries, and who was considered by Mr. Von 
 Mecheln, as a Bohemian, but by Mr. Dobrowsky, as an Italian: be this as it 
 may, he painted at Karlstein, for Charles IV. On three altar-pieces, con- 
 nected with each other, in the Crown or Cross church at Karlstein, he found 
 the device of the master in the two following verses: 
 
 Quis opus hoc finxit ? Thomas de Mutina pinxit : 
 Quale vides; lector, Rabisini filius auctor. 
 
 These three pictures are now in the imperial gallery at Vienna, and 
 being the oldest oil paintings known in Germany, are placed at the head 
 of the German school. By these are also placed three other old oil paint- 
 ings by one Theodoricus, or Dittrich, likewise found in the same church. 
 The author of these additions has however remarked, that from other docu- 
 ments, particularly from the written testimony of the Latin verses, this Thomas 
 de Mutina could not have painted for Charles IV, but that he must have lived 
 much earlier, even in the twelfth or thirteenth century. 1 
 
 On such loose evidence as this, no one can surely acquiesce in the con- 
 clusion drawn from it. The other documents ought certainly to have been 
 stated ; for, at present, it seems to rest only on his own idea of the age of 
 the character in which the Cambridge manuscript is written. Suspicion may 
 be justly entertained of the authority of an author, who, residing in Ger- 
 
 1 For the ability to avail himself of the authorities of Lessing and his editor, and of the facts 
 which they relate, the present author is indebted to a lady, a very near relation of his, who 
 has given proofs of her skill in that language, by the recent publication of a translation of Siegwart; 
 and who favoured him with a translation of the whole from the original German of Lessing,and 
 his editor, a language of which he himself has no knowledge. 
 
229 
 
 many, ventures, without affirming that he had ever seen the original manu- 
 script, to declare, that Mr. Raspe's specimen engraven from the manuscript 
 in the library of Trinity College, is very incorrect, both in regard to the writ- 
 ing and its characteristic marks. It may be necessary to notice, that Keysler, 
 in his Travels, vol. iv, p. 387, speaks of a picture in Mr. Praun's cabinet, at 
 Nuremberg, as painted in oil, and bearing the dale 1318; but this picture, in 
 Mr. Von Murr's opinion, is indisputably of the fifteenth century, and the 
 date 1318, he says, belongs not to the picture. 
 
 As the age of Von Mutina's pictures is unascertained; as no date has 
 been assigned to those by Thcodoricus, or Dittrich; and as the date to that 
 mentioned by Keysler, has been supposed erroneous; it is surely not too 
 much to consider the specimens given in this Work from St. Stephen's Chapel, 
 some of which are known to have been done as early as 1350, and the rest 
 in different periods in the reign of Edward III, as, perhaps, the earliest his r 
 torical Pictures in Oil known to have ever been engraven. 
 
 Of the application of oil-colours to the painting of pictures, there is a much 
 earlier account given in this work than the boasted period of John Van Eyck, 
 between the 78th and 81st pages, viz. in the 20th }'ear of Edw. I, 1272, i. e. 
 one hundred and eighteen years earlier. 
 
 But the pretensions of Van Eyck are further invalidated, and a total bar 
 to his claim is set up, in a record quoted by lord Orford in the first volume 
 of his " Anecdotes of Painting," (Strawberry Hill, 176*2, p. 6.) of which the 
 following is a literal translation: Ex Rotulo Liberate, An. 23 Hen. III. 
 " The King to his treasurer and chamberlains greeting. Pay out of our treasury 
 to Odo the goldsmith, and to his son Edward, one hundred and seventeen shillings, 
 and ten-pence, for oil, varnish, and colours purchased, and for the pic- 
 tures done in the chamber of our Queen, at Westminster, from the 8th of the 
 Holy Trinity, in the twenty-third year of our reign, to the feast o f St. Barnabas 
 the Apostle, in the same year, viz. for the space of fifteen days!!!" 
 
 Having given an idea of the general appearance and history of St Ste- 
 phen's Chapel, it will now be necessary to insert some particulars relating to 
 other buildings connected with it; and of these the Cloisters require to be 
 first noticed. 
 
 The Cloisters, first erected, which were on the spot now called Cotton 
 Garden, on the south side of St. Stephen's Chaprl, were built in the 31st of 
 Edward III, 1356; but in the Composition of 1394, already abridged, men- 
 
230 
 
 tion is made of an intention to creel a new Cloister and Chapter-house, in a 
 piece of ground lying between the Chapel of St. Stephen and the Receipt 
 Offices of the Exchequer. This piece of ground is there said to contain two 
 hundred and eighty feet, ten inches and an half, in length, from the Chapel 
 of St. Stephen, to the Receipt Offices of the Exchequer; and ninety-five feet 
 and an half and two inches in breadth, from the east wall of the King's great 
 hall, to the outer part of the eastern wall of the new houses of the vicars 
 of the said College of St. Stephen, towards the Thames, including also the 
 breadth of the said houses for the vicars. 
 
 From this it is evident, that the ground here mentioned, could be no 
 other than that now occupied by the Speaker's House and the court-yard 
 before it. On the spot where the range of buildings is on the east side of 
 that court-yard, (which is also continued on the east side of the Cloisters, now 
 remaining, in the Speaker's House,) were the houses for the Vicars of St. Ste- 
 phen's Chapel, which had been newly erected but a short time before 1394, 
 as the deed specifies. The north side of St. Stephen's Chapel would not admit 
 of the Cloisters being placed close to it ; the south wall of the Cloister could 
 be no nearer to the Chapel than to touch the buttresses; in consequence of 
 this, the distance between those buttresses allowed of spaces for separate apart- 
 ments. One of these, in the late alterations, was found to have been at one 
 time fitted up and used as a bath, the water for which was probably supplied 
 from a well, discovered in the next space between two of these buttresses. 
 This well measures at least twenty feet in depth; and the bath was twelve 
 feet in length, six feet in breadth, and five feet in depth ; it is imagined to 
 be as old as the time of Edward III, because in one of the accounts of his 
 lime, the king's bath is mentioned. The time of the erection of the new 
 Cloisters on the north side of St. Stephen's Chapel, has not been ascertained, 
 but they are supposed to have consisted of a story above the ground floor, 
 because old windows have lately been discovered in the original external 
 walls which constitute a part of the present Cloisters rebuilt by Dr. Chambers, 
 the last dean; the expence of which, it is said, amounted to eleven thou- 
 sand marks. 
 
 On digging, in the late alterations, to enlarge a sewer, several human bones 
 were found in the west Cloister; and it is known that Richard Wolman, dean 
 of Wells, who died in 1537, was buried in the Cloister belonging to the Col- 
 lege of St. Stephen, within the Palace of Westminster.' Andreas Ammonius, 
 
 r Wood's Fasti Oxon. vol. i, 682. 
 
231 
 
 collector in England for the pope, Latin secretary to Henry VIII, and one 
 of the prebendaries of Salisbury, who died in September, lol7, was also 
 buried in the king's Chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary and St. Stephen, 
 within the Palace of Westminster; 5 most probably, this was in the lower 
 chapel, or undercroft. 
 
 In the east wall of Westminster Hall, within the west Cloister of St. Ste- 
 phen's Chapel, is a mural monument, without any inscription to point out 
 to whom it referred. It contains a small cavity in the form of a shield, un- 
 questionably at one time filled with brass, on which were engraven the arms 
 of the person to whose memory it was erected. It measures two feet three 
 inches and an half in width, by two feet nine inches and an half in height; 
 and a representation of it, before it was lately covered with plaster, is given in 
 a miscellaneous plate hereafter inserted. 
 
 Four of the tiles of the pavement of the vicars' houses are given in the 
 plate just mentioned; as is also a representation of the cornice of the front of 
 the vicars' houses towards the water, and which shews their connexion with the 
 Chapel of St. Stephen, on its north side. This front wall was in thickness 
 three feet two inches, and in height twenty-nine feet one inch ; an internal 
 view of one of the door-ways to the vicars' houses leading into the east 
 Cloister, though now filled up, is also given in the same plate. The width of 
 the arch is three feet one inch, and that of the recess by it, within the thick- 
 ness of the wall, two feet one inch and an half. 
 
 It was evident, in the course of the late alterations, on digging in the 
 Speaker's garden, which lies between the east end of the House of Commons 
 and the river, that the whole of that garden was a modern embankment; that 
 the east wall of that range of building, which had been formerly the vicars' 
 houses, was the extreme boundary wall towards the river ; and that the water 
 at one time came up close to it, as eight timber piles standing upright in the 
 earth were found there, placed, no doubt, for the purpose of keeping off the 
 craft. This wall ranged with the east end of St. Stephen's Chapel, the cast 
 end of the Painted Chamber, as a foundation wall of connexion was lately 
 discovered in Cotton Garden. It was also in a line with the stone wall, 
 still inclosing New Palace Yard on the east, which stands on what was at 
 one time the edge of the river, and extended up to the present Privy Gar- 
 den, or that spot of ground covered by Whitehall, as it was afterwards 
 called. A similar continuation of it, which stood also on the • edge of the 
 water, may be traced southward, from the east end of the Painted Chamber 
 
232 
 
 to the spot which the king's slaughter house covered, opposite the end of 
 College Street, allowing only for a few irregular projections in different 
 parts. 
 
 Mr. Pennant has made it necessary to remark, that in different parls of 
 the ceilings of the cloisters, are basso relievos; he has described one as being 
 a neat, and, as he believes, a true representation of the front of St. Ste- 
 phen's Chapel, bounded on each side by a turret; and another of the same 
 kind, held by an angel, appears, he says, on the wall. Most unfortunately, 
 the building here spoken of is not a Chapel, but a Castle, as is evident from 
 a portcullis represented in the gateway; in the back ground are also roses 
 and pomegranates. The pomegranate was the arms of Granada, and the 
 castle those of Castile: it is probable, therefore, that this representation is 
 the arms of Catharine of Arragon, Henry VHIth's queen, who was the 
 daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain, by whom 
 the Moors were driven out of Granada; 1 and put up by Dr. Chambers when 
 he erected the Cloisters. 
 
 A beautiful door-way, of the time of Dr. Chambers, was found in the south 
 wall of the bell tower of St. Stephen's Chapel. It was, in the late alterations, 
 taken down. Its spandrils, containing the letters I H S were, however, moulded ; 
 and casts from them were inserted as spandrils to an internal modern Gothic 
 door-way to one of the offices of the Treasury, opposite Whitehall. 
 
 In the place where the piles were found, two silver coins of Edward III, 
 and several copper jettons of the same era were dug up. 
 
 Of the ornaments and decorations of St. Stephen's Chapel a general ac- 
 count has been given, but it is now time to examine them separately and 
 minutely, for which purpose accurate engravings from them are here inserted. 
 
 The three plates, entitled, Specimens of Painted Glass from St. Stephen's 
 Chapel, exhibit every colour known in the practice of staining glass." In 
 
 1 Sandford, p. 445. 
 
 "The liberal communications of Mr. and Mrs. Pearson of Highgate, the most eminent pain 
 
 ters, stainers, and vitrifiers of glass, have enabled Mr. Smith to notice here, that the cardinal and 
 
 prismatic colours are produced as follows : 
 
 Red from gold and copper. 
 
 Orange 7 - ., 
 
 > from silver. 
 Yellow J 
 
 Green .... from copper and iron. 
 
 Blue from cobalt. 
 
 Purple. . . . from manganese, and 
 Violet .... from manganese and cobalt. 
 
l^enArn r u l7*htct as ih*<4ct directs l"January 1804, fy John Thomas J\nith.<A*36*sVewm<mJlrvrMr/;r. A 
 
T)rawn A* Engraven by J.T S/>nf/i 
 
 Lof/dff?) Pu&falied as the . 'Irt chrtcts J^Jamiary 1604, byJoTtn 77wntas Jtruth. JV '36". Mwman Strvtt Oxford .iVrtet 
 
London Pulhshed as the^dct directs /? 'January 1604. iyJohn Thomas <?mzth.J\ / '3(>. JYewman Street. Oxferrd Street- 
 
233 
 
 the first plate are contained such as represent foliage; in the second, ani- 
 mals and pieces of borders; and in the third, different parts of the human 
 figure, and of inscriptions that accompanied them. There is reason to sup- 
 pose, that in some instances, the windows were painted with the arms of Eng- 
 land and France, as lions and fleurs-de-lys are among the pieces; and that 
 they also contained figures, probably historical subjects from Scripture; and 
 for these representations, the foliage and other ornaments are conceived to 
 
 Mr. James Pearson is a native of Dublin: his wife, Mrs. Eglington Margaret Pear- 
 son, is the daughter of the late Mr. Patterson, Auctioneer, justly distinguished for his extraor- 
 dinary knowledge in books, and for his accurate literary judgment. 
 
 The practice of the Pearsons has improved upon that of the ancients, in this very important 
 respect, that, whereas the latter could perfect but one colour on each piece of glass, the former 
 produce the whole series of the prismatic colours, in all their degrees and varieties, by one and 
 the same process, on one and the same piece of glass : when time, and that rare combination of 
 industry and experience, from which alone such improvements can result, shall have more fully 
 appreciated their value, the reader will be gratified in knowing that the following are among the 
 very beautiful productions of those diligent and ingenious Artists: 
 
 By Mr. Pearson. 
 
 The coronation portrait of His Majesty, large as life, from the original by Sir Joshua Rey- 
 nolds in the Council Chamber of the Royal Academy, (in the possession of the Most Noble the 
 Marquis of Lansdowne). 
 
 Three altar-pieces, in the church of St.Botolph, Aldersgate, (one of them from a design by 
 Mortimer.) 
 
 An altar-piece, in St. Giles, Cripplegate. 
 
 Two altar-pieces, in Battersea Church. 
 
 An altar-piece, in Wandsworth Church. 
 
 Christ, and the four Evangelists, from a design by Mortimer, in the Chapel of Brazen-Nose 
 College, in Oxford, (presented by Dr. Cawley). 
 
 The elevation of the Brazen Serpent, from a design by Mortimer, in the upper east window 
 of Salisbury Cathedral, (presented by lord Radnor). 
 
 Magnificent emblazonments of armorial bearings for His Grace the Duke of Northumber- 
 land, Lord Howard, William Beckford, Esq. at Fonthill, and in various Inns of Court, in 
 London, &c. &c. 
 
 By Mrs. Pearson. 
 
 The Prince of Wales, large as life, from the original picture by the late Mr. Barry. 
 Guido's Aurora and the Hours — (both these are in the possession of his Grace the Duke of 
 Norfolk). 
 
 The seven Cartoons, from Raphael, (a most elaborate and superb work, in the possession of the 
 Marquis of Lansdowne). 
 
 An altar-picture of the Nativity, from Corregio, in Whitcchapel Church, (a brilliant Spe- 
 cimen of the art!!!) 
 
 Besides innumerable landscapes, flower-pieces, border-;, and other subjects, in the most dis- 
 tinguished cabinets. 
 
 2 II 
 
234 
 
 have served as a back ground. In all instances these specimens are of the 
 size of the originals. 
 
 The glass was not ground so as to procure an equal surface, but it was of 
 unequal thickness, so that a piece was frequently found at one part to be 
 near a quarter of an inch thick, and in another, not a sixteenth of an inch; 
 and many of the pieces are found to have been corroded. Corrosion of glass, 
 in situations near the sea, is not uncommon, and is owing to the particles of 
 alkaline salt with which the air in those places is so strongly impregnated: 
 the same effect has been also observed in situations distant from the sea, 
 and therefore it is not always owing to local situation. Enquiries have been 
 made, and it has been learnt, from a well informed gentleman, that when- 
 ever alkaline salt was employed to a greater extent than ordinary, the corro- 
 sion of the glass had been complained of; and in the instance of wine bottles 
 in particular, it had often happened, that the bottles had been by this cir- 
 cumstance rendered leaky, and the wine had run out." 
 
 The discovery of the painted glass in the windows of St. Stephen's Chapel 
 is to be attributed to the indifference of the workmen who were employed to 
 block up the original windows, in the reign of Edward VI; which was effected 
 by covering the iron bars, and the pieces of glass which remained with plaster 
 on either side. When, therefore, the materials were removed in the year 
 1800, to enlarge the House of Commons, and to accommodate the additional 
 members who were admitted in virtue of the union with Ireland, these spe- 
 cimens of ancient glass were discovered, and preserved. 
 
 The two plates, entitled, Specimens of grotesque Paintings, exhibit 
 those imaginary animals, by which the shields of armorial bearings, placed 
 on the lower frieze, round the chapel, were supported. It does not appear 
 that at this time heraldic supporters had been assumed as the distinction 
 of nobility in general : Richard II is said to have been the first person 
 by whom they were used, and his were two angels." Earlier instances may 
 however be traced; and to give one example, in a manuscript belonging to 
 Joseph Musgrave, Esq. which formerly belonged to Camden, and is more 
 particularly mentioned in a note hereafter, the arms* of Edward III are 
 given, blazoned and supported by a lion on the dexter, and a falcon on the 
 
 u Van Helmont has remarked, that if a piece of glass be covered with a liquid alkali, and 
 exposed in a damp place, the whole piece will be dissolved into water. Neri de Arte Vitraria 
 18mo. Amst. 16SG, p. 234. x Sandford, p. 191, in a note. 
 
 3 These supporters to Edward's arms have been engraven under his portiait, prefixed to Barnes's 
 History of that Prince. 
 
r.cndon Pnhhtfifst as tfiedcf Jjrt>cts I^Janvarv I Si04 f>y John T/urrnas Srmt/i.iA' ' 3fi..AVwmari Stmt, Oxford S/rett 
 
235 
 
 sinister side. The disposition to caricature and burlesque seems a prin- 
 ciple so strong in the human mind, that it is difficult to repress it; and it is 
 certain, that the consideration of delicacy, or the impropriety of converting a 
 building, destined for religious worship, into a satire and libel on any set 
 of persons, has not been sufficient to prevent their introduction into this and 
 many other similar edifices, in an early age. Into Henry Vllth's Chapel at 
 Westminster, in a later period, figures so exceptionable have been intro- 
 duced, as not to be atoned for by the masterly style in which they have been 
 executed. It is extraordinary, however, to observe how exactly the present 
 representations correspond with the rule laid down by Leonardo da Vinci, 
 who says, that an imaginary animal ought to have the parts and members 
 of several real ones; so that if it is intended to appear like a serpent, it should 
 have the head of a mastiff, the eyes of a cat, the ears of a porcupine, the 
 snout of a greyhound, the eyebrows of a lion, the temples of a cock, and 
 the neck of a tortoise/ The figures in question are made up of the conjunc- 
 tion of the parts of different animals; for in one is the head of an eagle, and 
 the body of a dog, or some such beast. 
 
 In the two next plates are given the armorial bearings, which, with 
 the exception of the cross of St. George at their head, and the arms of 
 Edward the Confessor, (the fourth in order in the first plate,) may be reasonably 
 supposed the arms of persons living at the time when they were put up. 
 What description of persons was intended to be commemorated by these 
 armorial distinctions has been a matter of some doubt, and requires investi- 
 gation. One opinion has been, that they were the persons who attended 
 Edward in his wars abroad; and others have thought them the knights of the 
 garter, which order had, about that time, been just founded: but both these 
 suppositions are liable to objection. To the first, it may be auswered, that 
 the arms of the younger branches of the royal family occur among the num- 
 ber, none of whom, except the Black Prince, had been abroad with the king, 
 or employed in any military service, for which, indeed, they were all too 
 young; and the reply to the second is, that some of the owners of l he 
 shields never were knights of the garter. The most probable idea seems 
 to be, that they were the principal nobility and men of eminence of 
 the time, who, influenced by their sovereign's example, were induced to 
 become benefactors to the Chapel; and this supposition is considerably 
 
 y See Leonardo da Vinci's Treatise on Painting, translated by Mr. Rigaud, 8vo. LoTid. 1802 
 p. 202. 
 
°23G 
 
 strengthened by recollecting, that the shields of arms round the inside of 
 Westminster Abbey, are known to have been those of benefactors to it on 
 its rebuilding in the time of Henry III. For the younger branches of the 
 royal family, and in their name, it is likely the king himself might make 
 donations, which would justify the insertion of their arms among those of the 
 other benefactors; and this might be followed by voluntary contributions 
 from the principal nobility and eminent men, a conclusion which appears, in 
 some measure, supported by the circumstance of several shields unpainted 
 with any armorial bearings having been found continued in a line round the 
 Chapel, which seem to have been placed in readiness to receive the arms of 
 benefactors as their contributions should come in. 
 
 The shields here given may, from their situation near the altar, be pre- 
 sumed of the earliest age; as persons with whom they may correspond have 
 been found to have existed in the reign of Edward III. 
 
 Under this idea also, and because no evidence has occurred to shew they 
 were of different periods, (except that in the instance of John Sutton, lord 
 Dudlej^, Plate II, No. 15, who died in 1359, and Thomas Holland, earl of 
 Kent, Plate II, No. 5, it has been thought safest to consider these repre- 
 sentations as coeval with each other, and for the following reasons, to fix the 
 period between 1355 and 1363, or perhaps, in some cases, 136*1, within 
 which they might with the least risque of mistake be most reasonably ima- 
 gined to have been painted. 
 
 No writ to procure painters has been found earlier than the 18th of 
 March, 24 Edward III, 1350. By the 20th of June, in his 25th year, 1351, 
 the painters were at work; and as late as his 31st, 1356. On 27th June, 1363, 
 a fresh writ was issued to procure more painters, which most probably was 
 done, but they seem to have finished before his 39th year, 1364, as no such 
 artists occur in the accounts for that year. Within the period therefore be- 
 tween 1350 or 1351, and 1363, it is most reasonable to suppose these arms 
 were painted. But among the shields, is one, Plate I, No. 5, containing the 
 arms of France and England, quarterly, impaled with Four lions rampant, 
 which being the arms of Hainault, d can only be referred to Philippa of 
 TIainault, the queen of Edward III; and as she died in 136*9, in the lifetime 
 of her husband/ it is clear that these arms must be of the time of Edward III. 
 This fact proves that the five shields immediately succeeding that of queen 
 Philippa, must have been intended for the king's five sons then living, namely, 
 
 d Sandford's Geneal. Hist. edit. 1677, p. 158. c Ibid. p. 172. 
 
2 1 
 
 London Ftiihshe J aj-tke ^Act directs 1? January 1804,by John Thtmias Sinzlh ^36,tAew?nizn Street, Oaferd Street. 
 
237 
 
 Edward the Black Prince, Lionel duke of Clarence, John of Gaunt, afterwards 
 duke of Lancaster, Edmund of Langley, afterwards duke of York, and Thomas 
 of Woodstock, aflcrwards duke of Gloucester; because these shields consist of 
 the arms of France and England, quarterly, and no other branch of the royal 
 family than Edward and his queen, and their children, had, at that time, 
 incorporated into their escutcheons the arms of France. It is true, indeed, 
 that besides the five sons above named, Edward had also two other sons, 
 William of Hatfield, born in 1336/ and William of Windsor, next in age to 
 Edmund of Langley; 8 but the former of these died in his childhood, 11 and 
 consequently before these paintings were begun; and the latter was so young, 
 that nothing more than the place of his birth, and that of his interment, is 
 recorded of him.' 
 
 In order to preserve the original appearance and succession of the shields 
 as they were placed in the Chapel, it has been found expedient in the first 
 Plate to invert the usual order of numbering, and, instead of passing from 
 left to right, to take the contrary course from right to left. This necessity 
 arose from the circumstance that the range of the shields began on the 
 north side from the east end, and so was continued on to the great door in 
 the western wall. On the south side of the Chapel the range began also at 
 the east end, and, in like manner, continued along the south wall, to the 
 same great door in the west, by which means the whole interior of this Chapel, 
 excepting only the east end, and the space for the principal entrance from 
 the west, was entirely surrounded with shields for arms. 
 
 No. 1, in the first Plate, is the cross of St. George, in allusion, as it is 
 supposed, to his being the patron saint of England. 
 
 No. 2, have been supposed by some, the cognizance of king Arthur, and 
 are so described by Sandford in his Genealogical History, p. 270, where, 
 speaking of a great seal of Henry V, a cut of which he has inserted, p. 239, 
 he affirms, that two figures in niches are Edward the Confessor and king 
 Arthur, whose arms are there represented. The arms of Arthur, as given by 
 Speed, edit. 16'27, p. 333, are a cross, with a virgin and child, in the dexter 
 upper quarter. By some persons these arms have been conceived to belong lo 
 Sebert, king of the East Saxons, the reputed founder of Westminster Abbey, 
 the members of which endowment claimed jurisdiction over the Chape l of St. 
 Stephen, and obtained a decision in their favour a few years before 1394; but 
 
 'Ibid. p. 177. « Ibid. p. 178. h Ibid. p. 177. 1 Ibid. p. 178. 
 
238 
 
 the claim was on certain conditions afterwards given up, upon a compromise in 
 this latter year; and it is not likely that any arms, recognizing subjection, should 
 have been placed there. Three crowns, however, were not the arms of the king- 
 dom of the East Saxons, but of that of the East Angles ; n and Sebert is known to 
 have borne for his three seaxes, or falchions, which, in allusion to him, are still 
 the arms of the family of Seaber. More probably therefore they were meant 
 as the arms of Ireland, as will shortly appear more plainly, in which case one 
 shield would contain king Edward's arms as king of France and England, and 
 the other, his arms as lord of Ireland, and so make out between them the 
 whole of his title, as given by Sandford, p. 157, from one of his great seals, 
 on which he styles himself King of France and England, and Lord of Ire- 
 land. Extraordinary however it is, that on this seal, which bears date in the 
 fifteenth } r ear of his reign, there are no arms whatever for Ireland, the only 
 bearings on it being two shields, each with the arms of France and England, 
 quarterly. 
 
 In contradiction to the former, and in support of this latter supposition, 
 it ought to be known, that Richard II, in the tenth year of his reign, advanced 
 Robert de Vere, then earl of Oxford, to the dignity of duke of Ireland ; and 
 by letters patent, granted him the kingdom and sovereignty of Ireland, with 
 permission to bear for his arms Azure, three crowns, Or, within a bordure 
 Argent, before his own coat; q but it appears from the words of the record, 
 which, as given by Sandford, p. 178, are inserted in the note, that the grant 
 of the arms was only for his own life, and so long as he should continue to 
 possess the sovereignty of Ireland;' from which circumstances it may be 
 fairly inferred, that three crowns were at that time the arms of Ireland, that 
 they ought to be so considered in the present instance, and that they were 
 intended to denote the sovereignty of Edward III over that kingdom. And 
 this is the more probable, because in a seal of Edward III, affixed to a deed 
 dated 1st March, anno 30 Edward III, and comprizing a grant, and surrender, 
 from the Warden and College of the free Chapel of St. George of Windsor, 
 to king Edward himself, of the manor of Old Windsor, which they held for 
 
 n Speed, p. 349- Ibid. p. 309. p See the cut in Sandford, p. 124. 
 
 1 Brooke, p. 172. 
 
 r Rex concessit, (viz. Ricardus Ildies) Roberto de Veer facto Marchioni de Dublin, quod ipse, 
 quamdiu viverit & terrain & Dominium Hibernian habuerit, gerat Arma de Azureo cum tubus 
 Coronis aureis & una circumferentia vel Boidurade Argento, 1 Pars Pat. an. 9 R. 2. m. 1, as cited 
 by Sandford, p. 178. 
 
239 
 
 the life of Oliver de Burdeux; 1 Edward himself is represented kneeling to a 
 figure of St. George in the habit of a soldier with a cross on his shield, and 
 round the seal are three shields of arms. One of them at bottom, con- 
 taining those of England and France, another on one side, those of Edward 
 the Confessor, and the third shield, on the opposite side, three crowns. 
 
 No. 3, are undoubtedly the arms of Edward III himself; No. 4, those of 
 Edward the Confessor, placed here, as it is supposed, as Edward's patron 
 saint, or rather, perhaps, because his grandfather Edward I, from whom his 
 father Edward II, and himself, had derived the christian name of Edward, 
 was himelf so named from Edward the Confessor; 5 and No. 5, those of 
 Philippa, Edward Illd's queen. 
 
 The five following numbers, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, have been already men- 
 tioned, as the bearings of the five sons of Edward III, then living; but it is 
 proper here to observe, that the last of these, intended, no doubt, for the 
 shield of Thomas of Woodstock, has not, like the four others, any label or 
 file of three points, and that the charges on the files of No. 7, 8, and 9> have 
 been either omitted or obscured by age. The files themselves are also Or, but 
 should have been Argent.' Possibly the whole field might have been first 
 gilt, and the silver laid on that, and this last having been rubbed off occa- 
 sions the gold to appear instead. 
 
 To account for this omission of the file in the case of Thomas of Wood- 
 stock, some pains have been bestowed in searching in what manner his arms 
 were really borne; and it has been discovered, that the difference or dis- 
 tinction used by him was a bordure Argent round the shield. 11 But as 
 at the time when these arms were painted, which could not, according to 
 the facts before stated, be later than 136*1, he could not be more than 
 six years old; it is probable that at that time no such distinction had 
 been granted him, and that the arms had been placed there solely for the 
 purpose of completing the number of persons of the royal family, and 
 before any armorial bearings at all had been regularly granted or assigned 
 him. 
 
 The arms No. 11, placed as they are on a differently and singularly formed 
 
 5 Mr. Smith begs leave to return his grateful thanks to the Right Hon. George Rose 
 for his permission, through the kind application of Mr. Ellis, to make a draw ing of the beautiful 
 seal above described, and from which Mr. Smith would have made an engraving for this work, 
 had not Mr. Lysons introduced it in his account of Windsor, to which it is more appropriate. 
 • Sandford, p. 128. * Brooke, under their various titles. Brooke, p. lG. 
 
240 
 
 shield, was over the entrance to the Sacristy, or Vestry : they are supposed to 
 have been the arms of some person more immediately connected with the 
 foundation; such, for instance, as the dean at the time when these arms were 
 painted, the master of the works who superintended the erection of the 
 Chapel; but no such person has been found with whom the bearing in ques- 
 tion will correspond. The arms Sable, a chevron argent between three stars 
 Or, are in a MS. in the possession of the author, 7 attributed to a family of the 
 name of Powkeswell; and the same, with the addition of three crosses, patee 
 fi tehee Gules, were the paternal arms of archbishop Laud, as appears from 
 Peacham's Complete Gentleman, p. 196, where they are blazoned Sable on 
 a chevron between three stars Or, as many Crosses, patee fitchee, Gules. 
 It has not however been possible to ascertain, in the present instance, to whom 
 these arms ought to be assigned. 
 
 No. 12, Henry duke of Lancaster, 2 who died 35 Edward III, 136l. a 
 
 13, William earl of Northampton," who died 1359/ or Humphry earl of 
 Northampton/ from that time to 1361, when he became earl of Hereford. 6 
 
 14, Thomas Beauchamp earl of Warwick/ who died 13 November, 
 43 Edward III. 6 
 
 15, Roger Mortimer earl of March, 11 who was restored to the title 29 Ed- 
 ward III, [1355], 1 and died 23 Edward III, [135l], k or Edmund, earl of 
 March, who died 5 Richard II. 1 
 
 It is remarkable, that though the arms here are of the same colours with 
 those of Roger earl of March, as given among those of the knights of the 
 garter, by Ashmole, No. 8, yet the application of the colours, except in the 
 instance of the escutcheon in the centre, is completely reversed, those parts 
 being Or here, which are Azure there, and such as are Or in those, are in 
 these Azure. This variation however is of no consequence, as both will agree 
 equally well with the verbal blazonings given by Brooke and others. 
 
 yThis MS. is supposed to be a transcript, made about the year 1620, from some authentic 
 manuscript of an older date. It is entitled an Alphabet of the Surnames of the Nobility and 
 Gentry of England, with the blazon of their several coat-arms, and ensigns. Probably it is 
 a copy of a manuscript in the library of the College of Heralds, called Glover's Ordinal, because 
 compiled by an officer of the college of that name, from which manuscript Edmonson's Lists in 
 his Heraldry were drawn up. 
 
 a Brooke, 129. a Ibid. 
 
 b Brooke, 163, the only difference being that the mullets on the Bend are here Or, but in 
 Brooke are described as Sable. c Ibid. 163. d Ibid. 163. £ Ibid. 103. 
 
 f Ibid. 260. g Dugdale, vol. i, p. 185. 
 
 h Brooke, p, 138. 1 Ibid. k Ibid. ' Ibid. 139- 
 
241 
 
 No. 16, defaced, but supposed to be those of Lord Nevill, one of the 
 knights of the garter, as represented in No. 44, in one of the plates in Ash- 
 mole's History of the Order of the Garter, to be the arms of Ralph lord Nevil, 
 of Raby, who died 41 Edward Ill, m [136?]. 
 
 17, Defaced. 
 
 18, Roger lord Clifford, and correspond with those of Sir Lewis Clifford, 
 one of the knights of the garter, No. 83, in one of the plates in Ashmole 
 before referred to. He died 13 July, 13 Richard II/ [1390]. 
 
 Plate II, No. 1, The arms of Richard Fitz Alan earl of Arundel; evi- 
 dently his, because thereon are quartered, in right of his mother, the arms 
 of Warren and Surry. p He died 49 Edward III, 1735. q 
 
 2, Robert earl of Suffolk/ who died 43 Edward III, 5 [1369]. 
 
 3, Ralph earl of Stafford, 1 who died 45 Edward III, 1370. u 
 
 4, William earl of Salisbury," who died 20 Richard 11/ 1396". 
 
 5, Thomas Holland earl of Kent, 2 He came to the title on the death of 
 his father in 1360, and died 20 Richard II. a 
 
 6, Lawrence Hastings earl of Pembroke 5 It is plain they can belong- 
 to no other person, because with them are quartered the arms of Valence, he 
 being descended from Isabel, eldest sister and coheir of Aymer de Valence 
 earl of Pembroke. 11 He died in 136l. e 
 
 7, John lord Clinton/ who died 20 Rich II/ [1397-] 
 
 8, John Vere earl of Oxford/ who died 33 Edward III, 1358;' or Thomas 
 Vere earl of Oxford/ who died 45 Edward HI. 1 
 
 9, Edward lord le Despenser; and agree with the arms of Edward lord 
 Spenser, knight of the garter, as represented by Ashmole, No. 41, in one of 
 the plates before mentioned. He died 49 Edward III/ [1375]. 
 
 10, William lord Latimer, as agreeing with the arms of William lord La- 
 timer, given by Ashmole, No. 42. He died 4 Rich. II/ [1381]. 
 
 11, Hugh Courtney earl of Devon/ who died 1376. p 
 
 *» Dugdale, vol. i, p. 293. ■ Ibid. p. 340. Brooke, p. G. 
 
 p Ibid. p. 5, and 234. * Ibid. p. 5. r Ibid. p. 208. » Ibid. p. 208. 
 
 1 Ibid. 219. » Ibid p. 219. x Ibid. p. 202. r Ibid. 203. 
 
 1 Ibid. p. 117. » Ibid. b Ibid. p. 182. c Ibid. p. 181. 
 
 d Ibid. p. 182. £ Ibid. 
 
 f Brooke, p. 109. Brooke however mentions only two mullets, 
 e Dugdale, vol. i, p. 131. » Brooke, p. 171. 'Ibid. k Ibid. p. 172. 1 Ibid. 
 m Dugdale, vol. i, p. 396. " Ibid. vol. ii, p. 31. Brooke, p. 60, * Ibid. 
 
 2 I 
 
242 
 
 12, Henry lord Percy , q who died 42 Edward III/ [1368]. 
 
 13, Sir James Audley, afterwards lord Audley,' who died 9 Richard II. 
 
 14, Sir John Chandos, knight of the garter, u who was slain in Gascony, 
 44 Edward 111/ [1370.] 
 
 15, John de Sutton lord Dudley; and agree with those of John lord 
 Dudley in Ashmole, No. 177- He died 33 Edward III/ [1359.] 
 
 16, Henry lord Beaumont/ who died 43 Edward III/ [1370.] 
 
 17, John lord Grey, of Codnore. He was living till 43 Edward III/ 
 [1369], at least. 
 
 18, Too much defaced to be made out. 
 
 Next follow two plates of Sculpture from St. Stephen's Chapel. The two 
 uppermost subjects, in Plate I, are the sides of a stone taken from the east side 
 of the north entrance near the altar, and which formed a termination or elbow 
 to one of the ranges of seats. The three brackets under these in the same Plate, 
 were of stone, and came from the south side of the Chapel ; they were placed 
 against the side of the piers, and supported the small arches on which the 
 frieze under each window rested. Their precise situation may be ascertained 
 by consulting Mr. Smith's representation of the paintings under the window, 
 next the altar, on the south side. In the centre, between the two pinnacles, 
 is inserted a shield of arms which was cut in stone, and placed in the upper- 
 most frieze just below the roof of the Chapel : consisting of three Bar- 
 nacles, Ermine, and a demi lion rampant: it is supposed to have been the 
 bearing of John Gonell, or perhaps Gonville, for whom an obit was to 
 be kept in this Chapel, as appears in the Calendar of Obits and Anniver- 
 saries before inserted. The two pinnacles were over the^capitals of the small 
 
 <> Brooke, p. 146. r Dugdale, vol. i, p. 275. 
 
 s Ashmole's Hist, of the Order of the Garter, in one of his Plates of arms, No. 22. 
 
 1 Dugdale, vol. i, p. 748. u See his arms in Ashmole, No. 21. 
 
 * Dugdale's Baronage, vol. i, p. 503. y Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 215. 
 
 2 In a manuscript belonging to Joseph Musgrave, Esq. obligingly communicated to Mr. 
 Smith, the arms of Henry lord viscount Beaumont, are given blazoned as here. This manu- 
 script is a collection of the arms of the Nobility, blazoned, from the Conquest down to the sixth 
 of James 1. The last blazoning in the reign of Elizabeth, and all those in the reign of king James, 
 are put in by Camden, to whom the book apparently belonged, as the descriptions accompanying 
 them are in his hand-writing. From this manuscript also, many of the arms here inserted > 
 may be proved to have belonged to the families to whom they have been above ascribed. 
 a Dugdale, vol, ii, p. 53. b Dugdaie, vol. i, p. 711. 
 
us 
 
 columns in front, which supported the entablature over the painted rigures of 
 the angels; and the other two subjects were stone mouldings which went up 
 the piers between the windows, and separated from each other the figures of 
 the knights there painted. In the second Plate of the Specimens of Sculp- 
 ture, the two upper ornaments in the middle range were from mould- 
 ings on the lower frieze. These ornaments are not of stone, but plaster 
 stamped (with what are called Pryntes in the records). The bracket, the 
 third in the first range, was of stone, and from the east Avail, near the altar. 
 In the same range the lowest subject is a piece of a column placed against 
 the wall between each of the painted figures of angels. Over this is 
 given its plan, and upon this column was a patera, as represented in the 
 Plate at the bottom, which was also plaster, stamped and gilt. The first 
 and second subjects in the first range were of stone, gill, and, together with 
 the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth, of the second range, 
 were fragments of ornaments from different parts of the Chapel. The second, 
 third, and fourth subjects, in the third range, are the capitals, shafts, and plinth 
 of the small Purbeck- marble columns which stood in front of the painted 
 figures of the angels, and the upper and lower plans shew the construction 
 of the capitals and plinth; but though none of these columns were stand- 
 ing when the paintings were discovered, yet it is evident that the pieces 
 came from these places, because on applying the plinth to the spot where 
 it was supposed to have stood, and where the marks were still visible, it 
 exactly fitted. 
 
 Next occurs a plate entitled Sculpture and painted Glass from Si. Ste- 
 phen's Chapel. It represents one of the large stone brackets against the 
 piers, for the images mentioned in the Records, and came from the south 
 east corner of the Chapel; its different compartments were inlaid with pieces 
 of painted and gilt glass, specimens of which are inserted under it, and have 
 been noticed in Mr. Ilaslam's very interesting letter to Mr. Smith. Above 
 and below the bracket are seen the timber supports on which the present 
 cieling rests. In the north cast corner of the Chapel was a similar bracket, 
 which, with that here represented, were the only two remaining when the 
 wainscot was taken down in 1800. 
 
 It was evident there had been similar brackets, originally, against the 
 four piers on either side of St. Stephen's Chapel, as introduced, though con- 
 trary to truth, in the architectural plate published by the Society of Anti- 
 quaries, from a drawing made by Mr. Dixon. Into this drawing Mr. Smith 
 
244 
 
 was to have introduced representations of the paintings as they appeared 
 when first discovered, at the particular request of the Surveyor General of the * 
 Board of Works, in order to be laid before his Majesty; but Mr. Smith was 
 not permitted afterwards to do this, in consequence of his not being draughts- 
 man to the Society of Antiquaries, as appears in a letter in Mr. Smith's pos- 
 session, from the Surveyor General, to that effect. 
 
 The next Plate contains the figures of two knights, in complete armour, 
 with the names Mercure and Eustace : they were painted against the wall 
 on the second pier from the altar, on the north side of the Chapel. Mercceur 
 is the name of a small village in France, which was the property of an ancient 
 family, to whom also it gave the title of lords of Mercoeur. Of this family 
 Moreri in his Dictionary gives an account, from which the following parti- 
 culars are collected. Mercoeur, a family which derives its name from Mer- 
 cceur, a small village in France, in the province of Auvergne, is said to have 
 been as ancient as the ninth century, as Hictier sieur de Mercoeur, is said 
 to have been living in 890 or 900. Without tracing the succession regularly 
 down from so early an age as Moreri does, it is sufficient to observe, that 
 after the death of Beraud the tenth, sieur de Mercoeur, without issue, 
 which happened about 1318, John the second, Comte de Joigny, suc- 
 ceeded to the lordship or seigniory of Mercoeur. He married Agnes de 
 Brienne, daughter of Hugh Comte de Brienne and de Liches, and duke 
 of Athens, and of Isabel de la Roche duchess of Athens. By her he had 
 a son named John, who died young, and Jeanne comtesse Joigny and dame 
 de Mercceur, who was married by contract in April, 1314, to Charles de 
 Valois, the second of that name, Comte d'Alencon de Chartres, &c. called 
 the magnanimous, second son of Charles of France Comte de Valois, and 
 brother of king Philip de V alois. This Jeanne comtesse de Joigny, died 
 without issue, 2 Sept. 1336; in consequence of which the estates and pro- 
 perty of the house of Mercoeur and Joigny were divided among Beraud I, 
 Comte de Clermont, and Dauphin d'Auvergne, Armand Vicomte de Po- 
 lignac, William de Poitiers, and Stephen de Vissac. Beraud I, Comte 
 de Clermont, was sieur de Mercceur, and this seigniory was adjudged to 
 him by sentence in the year 1357, c as grandson of Robert III, Comte de 
 Clermont, and Dauphin d'Auvergne, and of Alice de Mercoeur. He was 
 son of John Comte de Clermont, &c. and of Ann de Poitiers, and died in 
 
 « Probably, therefore, this figure was not painted before 1357. 
 
Jhnwn Sc'Eruprnven iy JT. Simth. 
 
 London. Hilteht>d as i/is del directe l"Ja/iu(rry 1S04, by John Ihomas \9m£th.-Jtf3ff,jVewman Sirret. Oxford Strert 
 
245 
 
 the month of October, 1373. He had a son, Beraud II, (called the Great) 
 father of Beraud III, and of Ann, who became the heiress of his house. To 
 this account of Moreri may be added, that the carl of Joigny was taken 
 prisoner by the English at the battle of Auray, in 1364/ and that at this 
 battle the lord Oliver Clifford, the lord John Bourchier, sir Eustace D'Ambre- 
 ticourt, and sir Matthew Gournay, and their men, were opposed to the earls 
 of Auxerre and Joigny, who commanded a very large body of well chosen 
 men. 8 Heylyn, in his Cosmography, edit. 1703, p. 165, says of Ca?sar duke 
 de Vendosme, one of the natural sons of Henry IV of France, that he married 
 the daughter and heir of Philibert Emanuel duke de Mercceur, a younger 
 branch of the house of Lorrain, which is here noticed solely for the purpose 
 of better pointing out the famity. 
 
 It is not possible to fix precisely the time when these figures were painted, 
 because decorations were carrying on in this Chapel, from the year 1350, 
 or 1351, to 1363, but that this Beraud I, Comte de Clermont, and Dauphin 
 d'Auvergne, and sieur de Mercceur, was the person intended by the figure 
 in question, seems almost certain, as the probable period within which it 
 was painted, seems to agree with the time when he flourished. 
 
 Three persons of the name of Eustace have been found, with whom the 
 representation in the Plate might correspond. Eustace de Ribemont, Eu- 
 stace d'Abridgecourt, and Eustace d'Ambretticourt, if indeed the two last, 
 as there is some reason to suspect, were not one and the same person. Nor 
 will any assistance for determining the point be afforded from the arms or 
 device painted on the surcoat and shield of this figure, and displa3 T ed in his 
 banner, because it appears that these representations do not ascertain any par- 
 ticular family of the name; they are equally applicable to all of the name, as 
 being the device and symbol of St. Eustace, by which he is usually distin- 
 guished in the legends and delineations of the Saints of the Roman Church, 
 and the assumption of them is accounted for by the circumstances given in 
 the note,' as related in the legends and lives of the Saints. 
 
 f Barnes's Hist, of Edward III, p. 659. g Ibid. 657. 
 
 1 One day when St. Eustace was hunting, he had singled out one from an herd of stag*, when, 
 at length, the animal ran up to the top of an high rock. In doubt how he should follow it, he 
 cast his eyes on the stag, and saw between its horns a crucifix brighter than the sun. The figure 
 on the cross then addressed him, as it is said, through the ui'mth of the stag, declared himself our 
 Saviour, and predicted that St. Eustace should suffer martyrdom ; which, as the legends assert, 
 he accordingly did, by being placed with his wife and children in a brazen hull, and roasted lo 
 death with fire underneath. Legeuda Aurea, fol. Argent. 1502, Legend 156. 
 
246 
 
 Eustace de Ribemont, the first named of these persons, was lord of 
 Ribemont in Tierasche, a tract in Picardy, a strong and hardy knight. At the 
 siege of Calais, in 1348, he was engaged by king Edward himself, hand to 
 hand, and fought with great courage, having twice nearly brought the king 
 to the ground. At length, however, the king took him prisoner; but at 
 supper, the same evening, in the castle of Calais, the king for his bravery 
 gave him his liberty, without ransom, and also a chaplet of pearls, which 
 cognizance he afterwards bore as an addition to his arms, in memory of this 
 event. k He was killed at the battle of Poitiers in 135?.' 
 
 Of Eustace d'Ambretticourt, the first mention occurs in 1356, a little pre- 
 vious to the battle of Poitiers." 1 At this battle he was present, and is described 
 as being then a young man, son to lord Sanchis Dambretticourt." 
 
 Brooke, in his Catalogue of Nobility, speaking of John earl of Kent, says 
 he " sate in parliament the 25th of king Edward III, [1352] and died the 
 " year after without issue. He married Elizabeth, daughter of the duke of 
 " Juliers, who after was married to Eustace Dampreticourt, second son of 
 " the lord Dampreticourt, in Henault, by whom he had issue Sanchius Dam- 
 " preticourt, Knight of the Order of the Garter in king Edward Illd's time, 
 " and one of the first founders of the said Order." This is the account given 
 by Brooke, to which some person to whom it had once belonged, has, 
 in a copy of that book, now in the possession of the author of this work, 
 added in manuscript, in an old hand, the following -particulars : " This 
 " Elizabeth, after the death of the said earl, vowed herself a nun, and so lived 
 " five years, and after married Eustath Abricourt, and was sorely punished 
 " for it by Simon Islip, archbishop of Canterbury, and yet permitted to spend 
 " her days as aforesaid with her second husband." Ashmole, in his History 
 of the Order of the Garter, p. 708, has shewn the impossibility that the son 
 of these two persons, Elizabeth and Eustace, could be one of the founders of 
 the Order of the Garter, by stating, that this marriage with Eustace de 
 Abrichescourl, did not take place till 1360, above eleven years after the 
 foundation of the Order of the Garter. Eustace appears, however, to have 
 been engaged in most of the military transactions in France, at least down 
 to the year 1369,° and perhaps later: but after this period no further men- 
 tion of him has been found, so that it is uncertain at what time he died. 
 
 k Barnes's Hist, of Edvv. Ill, p, 426. 
 1 Rob. de Avesbury, Hist. Edw. Ill, edit. Hearae, p. <253. He is there called Mounsire Eustas 
 de Itipeuiound. m Barnes, p. 499- n Ibi d. p. 499. 
 
 He was at the siege of Dunnel in that year. Barnes, p. 764. 
 
247 
 
 Sir Eustace Dabridgecourt, the third of these married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of the duke of Juliers, and widow of John Plantagenet earl of Kent; p in 
 which particular he so exactly corresponds with Eustace Dambretticourt 
 above mentioned, that it is evident they must be one and the same person; 
 and, indeed, the manuscript note before mentioned, seems almost sufficient 
 to decide the point. 
 
 It is further to be observed, that Ashmole in his History of the Order of 
 the Garter, p. 707, in an Account of Sir Sanchio Dabrichcourt, says, " that 
 " Sir John Froissard has noticed that queen Isabel, wife to king Edward II, 
 " being driven out of France, was courteously entertained at the Castle of 
 " Amberticourt, in Henault, by a Knight of that name whose then it was; 
 " and that thereupon the queen and the prince brought him, his lady, and 
 " children, over with them, where they all received advancement in the court 
 " of England." Hence, as it seems, Ashmole dates their introduction into 
 this country, and thinks it very probable that this Sir Sanchio might be son 
 to that knight. Further on, p. 708, he remarks, " that he finds mention, 
 " (Pat. 19 E. Ill, p. 2, m. 10,) of a gift which king Edward III made to this 
 " knight, of all the Chattels belonging to John Wardedien, who had fled for 
 " killing of Robert Poteman, but nothing else." q Sir Eustace Dabridge- 
 court might probably be a younger son of this family; and this passage from 
 Ashmole seems to be another confirmation of the idea, that the families of 
 Dabridgecourt and Dambretticourt were the same. 
 
 In contradiction to any idea that Eustace de Ribemont, the first of the 
 three above mentioned, was the person; it has been objected, by a friend/ 
 that Edward III, when he presented him with the chaplet, as already men- 
 tioned, expressly styles him a young man at that time, which was in the year 
 1348; that he was killed at the battle of Poitiers in 1357, and that on his mo- 
 nument in the Cathedral Church of Lisle, he is represented as a young man, 
 with little or no beard, and that these circumstances are inconsistent with 
 the figure in question, which has a large beard, and consequently appears a 
 much older man. The same objections, if they were admitted, would, in 
 some measure, lie against supposing it Eustace Dambretticourt, to whom 
 the same friend proposed to refer this figure ; for it appears, as has been no- 
 ticed before, that at the battle of Poitiers, in 1357, at which he was present, 
 
 p Yoike's Union of Honour, p. 170. *> Ashmole ubi supra. 
 
 T Mr. Smith presents his grateful thanks to John Cooke, Esq. of Bedford Square for the com- 
 munication of several of the above curious particulars respecting Eustace de Ribemont. 
 
248 
 
 he was but a young man; and no mention of him has occurred after the 
 year 1369- 
 
 In point of reputation and rank, cither of the two might be the person ; and 
 the reader is left to decide which of the two is more probable. 5 
 
 • No small pains have been taken to ascertain, if possible, the person for whom this figure was 
 intended, and as some of the family of Eustace are still in being, it has been thought proper to 
 lay before the reader the intelligence collected on that subject. 
 
 The family came in with William the Conqueror ; for Fuller in his Church History, book ii, 
 p. 157, inserts in columns from Holinshed and Stow, the Roll of Battel Abbey; and in that from 
 Holinshed the name of Fitz-Eustach occurs. In another Roll of the same kind given by him, 
 p. 162, the name of Eustace Dambleville is found from Hollinshed's and Stow's Lists; and Eu- 
 stace de Hamblevile, from Fox's. Among the Norman knights, whom William the Conqueror 
 placed in the monastery of Ely, and to whose custody he committed the monks as prisoners, the 
 names of Eustatias the black, and Eustatias the white, are found, the last of whom is described as 
 Master of the Scoutmen. Fuller, in his Church History, book iii, p. 1, has introduced an engraved 
 plate exhibiting the arms and names of all these knights ; and the arms of both these knights 
 named Eustatias, as there given, are a bend formed of five lozenges from right to left, with er- 
 mine on the lozenges. The field is left blank. 
 
 Peacham, in his Complete Gentleman, edit. l66l, p. 227, mentions a coat of arms as belonging 
 to Sir William Constable, of Flamborough, in the county of York, baronet. This leads him to speak 
 of the antiquity of the family of Constable, who took their sirname from the office of Constable of 
 Chester. He observes, " that William the Conqueror, soon after the conquest, made Hugh Lupus 
 " the first earl Palatine of Chester; that this Hugh ordained under him^eight barons, of whom the 
 " principal was Nigell his cousin, whom he created baron of Haulton." Nigell was, he says, " son 
 t( of Ivon, Viscount Constantine, in Normandy, by Emma, sister to Adam earl of Britain, and had 
 " issue, William the Constable of Chester, founder of the Abbey of Norton. Agnes, daughter of 
 " this William, was married to Eustace Fitz-John, a noble baron, the son of John Monoculus lord 
 " of Knaresborough. This John was brother and heir of Serlo de Burgo, who, in the reign of Wil- 
 " liam the Conqueror, built the Castle of Knaresborough, in Yorkshire ; the said Serlo and John 
 " being the sons of Eustace a Norman. Eustace Fitz-John, above named, defended the Castle of 
 " Malton against king Stephen, and, with the consent of Agnes his first wife, founded the mo- 
 " nastery of Watton, in Yorkshire. After her death he married Beatrix, only daughter and heir 
 " of John lord Vesey, and with her consent he founded the Abbies at Malton and Alnwick, and 
 " the hospital at Broughton; shortly after which the said Eustace Fitz-John lost all his lands, 
 " but recovered them again of the king. He was killed in the wars with the Welsh, in the first 
 " year of Henry II ; leaving issue by the said Beatrix, William, who assumed to himself and his 
 " posterity the sirname and arms of Vescy," from whom at the time when Peacham wrote, 
 which was about I626, lady Ann Clifford, countess of Dorset, was lineally descended. 
 
 " By his wife Agnes, Eustace Fitz-John had issue, Richard Fitz-Eustace, baron of Haulton, 
 " and constable of Chester, who was living in the beginning of the reign of Henry II. This 
 " Richard Fitz-Eustace married Aldred, daughter and heir of Eudo de Lizours, and sister by the 
 " mother, but not by the father, of Robert de Lucy, baron of Pontefract, and his heir. The 
 <f issue of this marriage were John, constable of Chester, and baron of Haulton, lord of the manor 
 
London. Pub7i-th <ed astht,Jtct ArecU iVJarmary l&ol.lryJofm Thomas $m&h,Jf36.Jfi.wnum \9tru£,0xftml AnA 
 
London .Published as the^dct directs l^Jcrmzary l&04,.l>y Jo7?ti 77io?nas Smith.J/°3e.dVewman Street. Oxford. Street. 
 
249 
 
 Nothing particular occurs in the three next Plates, the subjects or' which 
 are The Angels appearing to the Shepherds, The Adoration of the Shepherds. 
 
 " of Flamborough, (who lived in the 18th year of Henry II,) and Roger, lord of Warkworth, in 
 * Northumberland. John, constable of Chester, died in the Holy Land, in the first year of Richard 1, 
 <e Jeaving issue, Roger, constable of Chester, baron of Haulton, &c. (father of John de Luc} r , 
 " earl of Lincoln), and Robert Lucy, whose posterity assumed to themselves the sirname of Con- 
 " stable." Peacham, ubi supra. 
 
 About the time of Henry II, as it is supposed, (when the first conquest of that kingdom by 
 the English was made. See Holinshed's Chronicle, vol.i, edit. 1577. Hist, of Ireland, p. 115,) 
 some of the family settled in Ireland, and accordingly among the peerage of that kingdom, the 
 following notices of this family are found : 
 
 " Robert lord of Drumranny, (son of Sir Henry Dillon, who died in 1346), married Ann, 
 " second daughter of Sir Eustace le Poer, and had three daughters, one of whom, Bridget, mar- 
 " ried Sir John Eustace." Lodge, Peerage of Ireland, vol. i, p. 147. 
 
 " Sir Rowland Eustace, of Harrestown, in the county of Kildare, was, in March 1462, created 
 " Baron of Portlester. He was Lord Chancellor and Treasurer many years : in 1460 founded the 
 u Franciscan monastery of Friers minor, near Kilcullen, and dying 19 Dec. 14Q6, was buried in 
 " the said monastery. His first wife was Maud, daughter of Jenico d'Artois, and widow of 
 " John, third son to Sir John Dowdall, of Newtown. By her he had a daughter named Alison, 
 u who was the first wife to Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare; but dying 22 Nov. 1495, before her father, 
 " she was buried in the said monastery founded by her father." Lodge, vol. i, p. 30. 
 
 " Ann, daughter of Eustace, was, in 1519, wife of Sir Maurice Mac Thomas, of Lac- 
 
 u cagh, appointed justice of Ireland, 15 19-" Lodge, vol. i, p. 26. 
 
 Grose, in his Antiquities of Ireland, vol. ii, p. 7, speaking of the above monastery near Kil- 
 cullen, says it was surrendered by the last abbot in 1537- A grant, he adds, was made the 33d 
 of Henry VIII to Thomas Eustace, viscount Baltinglass, of the abbey and its possessions; and 
 another in the reign of queen Elizabeth to Sir Henry Harrington, knight. 
 
 It is needless to trace this family lower, or to state the subsequent notices of it among the 
 peerage. It is sufficient to mention, that in 1543 the barony of Portlester became forfeited, in 
 consequence, as it is supposed, of the then possessor's becoming involved in the rebellion at that 
 time in Ireland, (which rebellion is noticed by Holinshed, vol, i. Hist, of Ireland,) but that 
 the title of viscount Baltinglass was, in the same year, 1543, granted to one of the Eustace 
 family, probably as a reward for having stood firm to his allegiance on that occasion, though it is 
 not known when this latter title became extinct. 
 
 From this Irish family the present Lieutenant Colonel Eustace, son of General 
 Eustace, is descended, who, after inspecting Mr. Smith's drawings, very kindly communicated 
 several of the foregoing and subsequent particulars as to his family. He bears for his arms a 
 Cross Gules on a Field Or, with the motto, " Cur me persequeris?" His crest is a Stag passant, 
 with a crucifix between his horns. The reason for the assumption of this symbol, as applied to 
 St. Eustace, has been before given ; and the motto, " Cur me persequeris," is a part of the Stag's 
 speech to St. Eustace, as related in the Legends. Legenda Aurea, edit. fol. Argent. 1502, Le- 
 gend 156. 
 
 Sir John Gifford, bait, is also related, as second cousin, to colonel Eustace; his father having 
 married a la.dy of the name and family of Eustace. 
 
 2 K 
 
250 
 
 and The Purification; except that in the first of these is a square recess, ap- 
 parently for the purpose of receiving some vessel used in divine service, and 
 that in the second, on the pillow, behind the virgin's head, are the cha- 
 racters i h c, corruptions of IHS, the three first letters of our Saviour's name: 
 Jesus in Greek. The Greek sygma, or S, was originally written like our C, or, 
 in some cases, of this form E: instances of it thus written may be found in 
 ancient inscriptions, particularly in some of those on the Arundelian marbles 
 at Oxford. 1 In this Plate are two mutilations, which are projections from 
 the wall, and are supposed to have been parts of brackets for holding vessels 
 for the use of the altar. All these paintings, together with that of the king- 
 represented in the Plate that follows them, were situated at the east end of 
 the Chapel, near the altar, and are abundantly curious, as shewing the state 
 of history-painting in England at so early a period. 
 
 The figure of the king in the opposite Plate is supposed, by some of those 
 persons who saw the original painting, to be a portrait. The king most 
 likely to be represented was Edward III, because the paintings are unques- 
 tionably of his time; but it could not be him, because it is a youth, and there- 
 fore, most probably, was not a portrait of any one, though in the dress of 
 the time. 
 
 The succeeding Plate exhibits a view of that part of Cotton Garden, into 
 which the pieces of stone were conveyed as they were taken down from the 
 House of Commons in 1800, and where they remained for the space of two 
 years. In the distance are seen the turrets at the east end of the House of 
 
 A family of the same name, Eustace, is still existing at Longueville, in Normandy: they bear 
 the same arms and crest as colonel Eustace, and claim some relation, though what it is, has not 
 been distinctly ascertained. One of them is a knight of Malta. 
 
 L. Aug. Alemand, in his Histoire Monastique d'Irlande, 12mo. Paris, I69O, p. 374, in a list of 
 English Founders, or of English origin settled in Ireland after the conquest of it by Henry TI, 
 king of England, relates, " that the Fitz-Eustaches, barons of Portlester, and formerly viscounts 
 f of Baltinglass, and barons of Castle-Martin, in Kildare, where they lived, founded the 
 " Abbey of Owen, near Kilcullen, for canons regular ; the Jacobins of the town of Naaz and 
 " those of Aghavoa." The same author, p. 22, among foundations of the order of canons regular 
 of St. Austin, says, " Near the bridge of Kilcullen, on the same river of which we have been 
 u speaking, there was an Abbey or Priory of Ouen, founded in the fifteenth century, by Roland 
 <{ Eustache, an Englishman, viscount Baltinglass, lord of Castle-Martin, and member of Par- 
 " liament,'' (or parliamentary baron, as he calls it,) " for Portlester, in Ireland; and its founder 
 " was buried in it in 1496." Among the foundations of the order of Jacobins, p. 212, he says, 
 " that at Naaz, the second town of the county of Kildare, there was a convent built at the foot 
 " of the hill in 1356, by the Fitz-Eustaches, English lords." 
 
 ' Prideaux Marmora Oxoniensia, edit. 1676, p. 83. 
 
Drawn IcEngraven iy JT Smi th 
 
 r 
 
 <nd#n Pt:7jfis7iei/ aftfu. let dnrrts Jfjirrnnnrv. Irif>4 fifJotiri 77/on/ti.t .\'r,n/Ji . Y;W. . \n, m.rn .Shir/ (\v/',>rt< S'tirrt 
 
London fui/tshsd as the^fct Jirertrl"JaJUiaryl#04.6yJ~oJrn Vwrtuis ,?mit?i.>/Y36.*ftetrm(Bi Sireel.Qxfbrd Street. 
 
I 
 
 \ 
 
London. RtZZwfuA as the *Act directs 1* January 1804, dyjokn TkoTnas Smith. J/°36.JYewman Street. Oxford Jlrtet. 
 
251 
 
 Commons; and to the left, in the foreground, several old rooms resting on a 
 stone wall," which wall was undoubtedly part of the old palace, and may be 
 traced, with the interruption of Parliament Passage only, as far southward as 
 
 u These rooms were inhabited at one time by Mr. Nathaniel Blackerby, keeper of the Old Pa- 
 lace of Westminster, and treasurer to the commissioners for building Westminster Bridge, who 
 married the daughter of Hawksmoor the architect. The ground on the east side of Dirty Lane, 
 now called Abingdon Street, from Little Abingdon Street to Parliament Stairs, now called Par- 
 liament Place, (where the bishops formerly landed, when they used to go by water from their 
 several palaces in the Strand, Southwark, and Lambeth, to the House of Lords, in their state 
 barges, rowed by men in purple liveries turned up with white), was the property of Mr. Blackerby. 
 He received it from his father, (Samuel Blackerby, Esq. of Gray's Inn, author of" The Justice of 
 Peace his Companion," published in two parts, 12mo. 1734), together with other buildings in Old 
 Palace Yard, viz. the Naked Boy and Star, public-house, burnt down in 1756, and a brick build- 
 ing called Heaven, with the courts and yard belonging to it at the date of March 12, 1712, then 
 in the occupation of Mrs. Kirkpatrick, widow, with a barber's shop adjoining (which was a part 
 of the same) then in the occupation of one Hicks. The spot above noticed, from Little Abing- 
 don Street to Parliament Place, became afterwards the property of Mr. James Neeld, the builder, 
 who erected the present row of houses upon it, with materials purchased at the sale of Canons, 
 the late seat of the duke of Chandos. 
 
 The building called Heaven stood in Old Palace Yard, exactly on a line with Henry the 
 VITth's Chapel, towards the passage leading to Mr. Hatsell's in Cotton Garden (which was built 
 for Mr. Jeremiah Dyson) on the spot where Cotton House stood. 
 
 The sign of the Naked Boy and Star was a public house which stood on the ground now occu- 
 pied by Miss Brent; the first house on the south of Henry the VHth's Chapel, at the angle of 
 Poets' Corner, adjoining westward to the dwelling of Sir William Dolben, bart. and having, on 
 its southern side, the dwellings of lord Aukland, Mr. Wilberforce, Mr. Bankes, Mr. Cowper, and 
 Mr. Rose: spots inhabited, about fifty-six years ago, by Governor Cooke, Mr. White, Sir Samuel 
 Newman, Mr. Fonereau, and Mr. Ashley Cooper. 
 
 Parliament Stairs, (now called Parliament Place), were blocked up, soon after the riots in 
 1780, in consequence of a petition from Mr. Delaval, whose house is situated by that spot, and 
 who suffered an intolerable nuisance by their being kept open. 
 
 In three of the former houses, which stood north east of Henry the VHth's Chapel, adjoining 
 the late Ordnance Office, and where the committee rooms for the House of Commons now stand, 
 lived Sir Henry Cheer, General Oglethorp, and Captain Broom, or Bromc, a printseller, who 
 repaired the picture of Kicliard II, now in the Jerusalem Chamber, but which was removed from 
 the Choir of Westminster Abbey in May 1775, when that was rebuilt and beautified. 
 
 For the above curious particulars, Mr. Smith is indebted to Mary Chandler, aged seventy- 
 three; and to Thomas Gayfere, Esq. aged eighty-eight, who remembers Archbishop Wake being 
 the last who came to Parliament by water; and to William Henry White, Esq. Receiver of the 
 Land Revenue, who owns and occupies the house in Parliament place, which Mr. Neeld was 
 building for his wife, in 1755, and which Mr. White has greatly improved, at a considerable 
 cxpence. Near to this house, in 1755, stood a large dwelling inhabited by Batty Langley, 
 author of several architectural works, in one of which he has given the measurement and propor- 
 tions of some of the columns in Westminster Abbey. 
 
252 
 
 the end of College Street, where the king's Slaughter-house stood, and which 
 was the extent of the palace. 
 
 On the ground are represented the several beautiful fragments, in the 
 order in which they were thrown; and among them may be discovered several 
 pieces of the lower frieze, the geometrical construction of which has been 
 before given. One of the stones contains a part of an inscription which 
 was over one of the pictures, and another has on it a painting of two men, 
 one of them in the inside of a gilt bull, near to which is a female figure : 
 this subject also refers to the martyrdom of St. Eustachius. The two prin- 
 cipal pieces in front, containing fragments of arches and crockets, were part 
 of the external wall under the south side windows of St. Stephen's Chapel. 
 
 In the miscellaneous Plate on the opposite page, the uppermost subject 
 is an oak door, painted and gilt with arabesque ornaments. It is a specimen 
 of the splendid internal decoration of feudal times, and has been deemed a 
 great curiosity. It was found plastered up in the wall of the Sub-Chapel, 
 under that of St. Stephen, when it was enlarged and fitted up by the Speaker 
 in 1801 as a state dining-room. The width of the door was two feet eight 
 inches; its height was uncertain, as the lower part was decayed. 
 
 No. 2, is the cornice of the front of the Vicars' houses towards the 
 Thames, already mentioned, discovered in 1803. 
 
 No. 3, 4, 5, and 6, are tiles found in the pavement of the Vicars' houses. 
 
 No. 7 5 is the internal view of a door-way to one of the Vicars' houses, and 
 has been particularly noticed before. 
 
 And No. 8, is the mural monument in the Cloisters, already spoken of. 
 
 That portion of Mr. Smith's Work which related to the History of West- 
 minster, being here brought to its completion by Mr. Hawkins, the few 
 remaining pages will be occupied with an Address to the Subscribers, and with 
 some material information which has been lately obtained. 
 
J^cntion.JhUuhtr/ as tJif. i^tct i/rrafo ,7stuourt .tSf'6. &yiJbhn,Thoma.r.SmitA W,36, Afitvnian .fTrri-/ . (\r^r>r r / Street' 
 
253 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 Mr. Smith, the Proprietor of this Work, with an anxious view to pre- 
 clude any injurious opinions which might otherwise be formed in the minds 
 of his Subscribers, considers it essential to the justification of his own 
 character and motives, to lay before them the following statements and 
 explanations: 
 
 By the concurrent advice of a considerable number of his friends and 
 subscribers, including several gentlemen without whose patronage and assist- 
 ance his work could never have attained the high rate of utility and import- 
 ance which he now presumes to ascribe to it, he has been led to close the 
 volume at that part which relates to the History of Westminster, and to the 
 House of Commons, to which two objects, it should be particularly noticed, his 
 plates exclusively refer. This determination he was led to adopt, in conse- 
 quence of having increased the pages of letter-press to nearly double, and 
 the plates to considerably more than double, the number which he had origi- 
 nally pledged himself to furnish, yet without subjecting his Subscribers to 
 that axlvance in the price which, in consideration of the above additions, he 
 was absolutely necessitated to impose on the Non-Subscribers. 
 
 With respect to the " Remarks on Gothic Architecture/' which 
 were promised in his " Prospectus," Mr. Smith has withdrawn them from 
 their proposed situation at the conclusion of the work, and now purposes to 
 publish them in a separate form, incorporated with sundry and far more va- 
 luable particulars relating to the universal principles of Gothic Architecture, 
 as he has subsequently found them unfolded in a very rare and curious per- 
 formance by a foreign architect who flourished in the sixteenth century. 
 The " Remarks" thus augmented and improved, will be offered to the public 
 at large, in a volume printed uniformly with the present work, and illustrated 
 by six additional plates, at the price of two guineas: — but, at the same time, 
 to prevent his numerous Subscribers from considering themselves as unfairly 
 treated by the retrenchment of the above materials from the Antiquities of 
 Westminster, Mr. Smith hereby engages himself to supply all whose names ap- 
 pear in the List of Subscribers to this Work, with the supplementary volume 
 now announced, at the price of one guinea. lie further deems it necessary 
 to repeat, in this place, that the " Remarks on Gothic Architecture," were de- 
 
254 
 
 signed, from the beginning, to have been given at the conclusion of the 
 " Antiquities of Westminster," and in an entirely separate form ; so that 
 they are obviously separable, without injury, from that work, to which they 
 would have been merely an accessory, and in no respect a component, part. 
 
 Without intending to trespass on the patience of the reader, Mr. Smith 
 feels himself impelled here to offer some particular acknowledgments, which 
 it would be as improper as it would be difficult, for him to repress. 
 
 To John Sydney Hawkins, Esq. he begs leave to present his best 
 thanks for the very great trouble that gentleman has had in arranging, 
 digesting, and discussing the various materials of this work: and he also begs 
 leave to assure him, that should he proceed with a History of Westminster 
 Abbey, Mr. Smith will, as he has already promised, render him every assist- 
 ance in his power as a draughtsman; and will be ready to produce those 
 plans and admeasurements of the most curious and least accessible parts of 
 the Abbey, which he has, for some years past, neglected no opportunity of 
 making, and has every reason to believe no other person has secured with 
 similar intentions, or for public communication. 
 
 To the following gentlemen, some of whose names have been omitted 
 in the preceding pages, he will also address his thanks, for their very liberal 
 and friendly communications to him, and which, they may be assured, were 
 immediately sent to Mr. Hawkins, viz. 
 
 To John Towneley, Esq. for the loan of a very rare engraving on wood, 
 executed in the time of Albert Durer, exhibiting the geometrical construction 
 of a beautiful Gothic building abroad; a copy of which, together with some 
 others, by the same artist, since discovered elsewhere, will be given in Mr. 
 Smith's work on " Gothic Architecture." 
 
 To Thomas Hope, Esq. for his elegant tracings, by his own hand, of 
 several rare specimens of Gothic ornament and architecture, selected in his 
 travels. 
 
 To Benjamin West, Esq. President of the Royal Academy, and 
 Historical Painter to His Majesty, for the very kind manner in 
 which he conducted Mr. Smith to the several spots in Windsor Great Park, 
 where the remains of the gate, formerly standing at Whitehall, (said to have 
 been designed by Holbein,) had been worked up into separate buildings; 
 and also for many valuable communications on painting, made with that 
 frankness which so eminently distinguishes him. 
 
255 
 
 To the learned and eminent sculptor, John Flaxman, Esq. R. A. for a 
 body of valuable information, addressed to Mr. Smith by that gentleman, 
 and especially intended to elucidate the principal topics of this work, in a 
 parallel of the state of the fine arts at Rome, with those of England, in the 
 age of Edward III. 
 
 To Doctor George Williams, Professor of Botany in the University 
 of Oxford, for having obligingly procured, at the request of Doctor Charles 
 Gower, of Oriel College, a correct copy of an important Record relating to 
 St. Stephen's Chapel, the original of which is in that University. 
 
 To Mr. Christie, of Pall Mall, for an ingenious and interesting letter 
 on the origin of supporters to armorial bearings. 
 
 To Mr. Stevenson, of Norwich, proprietor of the superb collection of 
 ancient stained glass, from various Monasteries on the Continent, (now exhi- 
 biting for sale, at No. 97, Pall Mall), for his communication of a drawing of 
 St. James's Park, in the time of Charles II; engraven for this work, on the 
 same plate with a similar subject from the collection of Doctor Charles 
 Gower. 
 
 To Mr. John Thomas Groves, Clerk of the Works of the Palace of 
 Westminster, for his liberal indulgence in permitting Mr. Smith to make draw- 
 ings of the House of Commons, when the paintings were first discovered. 
 
 To Mr. Gayeere, jun. mason to Westminster Abbey, as well as to his 
 father, for much curious miscellaneous information respecting the state of 
 Westminster in the last age. 
 
 To Mr. Pitt Cobbett, for several communications respecting West- 
 minster, tending to the enrichment of this work: and, 
 
 Again, in a more particular manner, to the friendly Mr. John Manson, 
 bookseller, of Gerrard Street, Soho, for the loan of Dugdale's Monasticon, 
 and other curious and rare books; some of which he actually purchased on 
 purpose. 
 
 The following communications were made to Mr. Smith, subsequent to 
 the general arrangement and execution of the Work, and are deemed of 
 too curious and valuable a nature to be omitted. 
 
256 
 
 To Mr. J. T. Smith. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I send you, as promised, the Extract I made some years 
 since, respecting the sum of 1949 ^ 13s. 51 d. expended by order of Hen. Ill, 
 in the erection of a new Chamber contiguous to Westminster Hal], and other 
 works there; which sum, reckoning according to the value of money and the 
 price of labour at that period, must have been enormous. I had so long 
 mislaid this Extract, as to despair of rinding it; I hope however it is not too 
 late to be of service to your work. 
 
 Ejc Rotulo Liberate 28° Hen. Ill 1 , m. 10 in Cedula in Turri Lond. 
 
 Rex, &c. Thesaurario & Camerarijs suis salutem — Liberate de Thesauro 
 nostro Edwardo de Westmonasterio, mille nonogentas et quadraginta & novem 
 libras, tresdecim solidos, quinque denarios & obulum, quos posuit per prse- 
 ceptum nostrum in constructione nov ae Cameras nostras juxta Aulam nostram 
 Westm. & conductus nostri, et in aliis operationibus nostris ibidem, quas ei 
 injunximus faciendas. Teste me ipso apud Wodestok 17° die Maij anno, 
 &c. 28°. 
 
 Translated thus : 
 
 The king, &c. To his Treasurer and Chamberlains, greeting. Deliver 
 out of our Treasury to Edward of Westminster, one thousand nine hundred 
 and forty-nine pounds, thirteen shillings, and five-pence halfpenny, which he 
 has expended in the building of a new Chamber, near to our Hall of West- 
 minster, and of our Conduit, and in other Works there, which we have en- 
 joined him to be constructed. Witness ourself at Wodestok, the 17th day of 
 May, in the 28th year [of our Reign.] 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 Pen-ton Stkeet, Pentonvi-le, \Y. IlLINGWORTH. 2 
 
 5th March, 1807. 
 
 1 This Gentleman is one of the Sub-Commissioners on the Public Records of the Kingdom. 
 
257 
 
 The following Letter will serve to shew the Value of Money at the Time 
 
 mentioned in the preceding. 
 
 To Mr. J. T. Smith. 
 
 DEAR SIR, 
 
 I fi^d that, in the year 1229 (A° 13 Hen. III.) an ox sold 
 for eight shillings; and the price of one in 1279 (A 7 Edw. I.) was sixteen 
 shillings: therefore, if we take the mean of the two prices, viz. 12*. we shall 
 find that the sum of 1949 1- expended on the Chamber in 1254, (being the 
 mean of the years) would be equal to the sum of 97,4S2/. and a fraction, in 
 the present age. Admitting the price of an ox at this time, on an average, to 
 be 30/.; and taking the mean price of the ox to be at Sol. then the sum of 
 1949/- is equal to 113,729/- at the present time. 
 
 I am, dear Sir, 
 
 Truly yours, 
 
 Thomas Bryan Richards.* 
 
 To Mr. J. T. Smith. 
 
 DEAR SMITH, 
 
 I take for certain, and of obvious course, that what relates 
 to Anthony Woodville's bequest of his heart to our Lady of the Pewe, (Ni- 
 chols, Coll. of Royal Wills, pages 352 and 353, note — and Dug. Bar. II. 
 233, there referred to), as well as what relates to the countess of Richmond's 
 donation to the Dean and Canons, by her will, (Nichols, ibid. 36l) has been 
 observed, and made due use of, in some part of your work. 
 
 That the structure of St. Stephen's Chapel had obtained, at least, the 
 highest and most decided approbation, in an age distinguished for architec- 
 tural refinements and magnificence, is apparent from the will of King Hen. VI; 
 which particularly and emphatically directs that the stalls and rood-loft of the 
 choir of Eton College, shall " be made in manner and forme like the sialics 
 and roode loft in the chappell of St. Stephen, at Westminster." (Ibid. p. 296). 
 
 " King Charles II, alter his restoration, gathered some acorns from the 
 Royal Oak at Boscobel, and set them in St. James's Park, or garden ; and 
 used to zcater them himself." Tour through Great Britain, by a Gentleman, 
 in 4 vol. 12mo. (1753) vol. ii, p. 3?9- 
 
 " Saint Stephen's Chapel, within the ancient royal Palace of West min- 
 ster, was built by King Stephen about 1141." Remarks on London, by 
 W.Stow, 12mo. 1722, p. 123. 
 
 a This Gentleman is one of the Sub-Commissioners on the Public Records of the Kingdom. 
 
 2 L 
 
<258 
 
 " In the passage out of Westminster Hall into Old Palace Yard, a little 
 beyond the stairs going up to St. Stephen's Chapel, on the left hand, is the 
 house belonging to the ancient family of Cotton: wherein is kept a most 
 inestimable library of manuscript volumes, famed both at home and abroad, 
 collected with great expence by Sir Robert Cotton/' Antiq. of London and 
 Westminster, by N. Bailey, [author of the Dictionary] 12mo. 1734, p. 241. 
 
 " The Gate-House b at Westminster is so called, of two gates, the one out 
 of the College Court towards the north ; on the east side thereof was the bishop 
 of London's prison for clerks convict: the other gate adjoining the first, but 
 towards the west, is a gaol or prison for offenders thither committed: these 
 gates were both caused to be built by Walter Warfield, cellarer to the mo- 
 nastery, in the reign of Edward III." Ibid. p. 242. 
 
 " At the upper end of Westminster Hall is a marble stone, [perhaps table 
 or bench,~\ of nineteen feet in length, and three feet in breadth, and a marble 
 chair, where the Kings of England formerly sat at their coronation dinners; 
 and, at other solemn times, the lord chancellors: but now not to be seen, 
 being built over by the Courts of King's Bench and Chancery." Ibid. p. 240. 
 It is to be wished that when the purposed alterations of those places shall 
 commence, every lover of our monarchical antiquities will interest himself 
 in the preservation of these venerable relics; since the same barbarous insen- 
 sibility that buried them alive, will scruple as little to profane or destroy them, 
 when disclosed. 
 
 John Crancti. 
 
 b The following extract from the records of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, was kindly 
 communicated to Mr. Smith hy George Vincent, Esq. " Agreed that the Gatehouse, belonging 
 to the church, is in a ruinous and dangerous condition. Ordered that Mr. Clarke, the keeper 
 thereof, have immediate notice to quit the same, and the almsmen's houses thereto adjoining: 
 that the lead and iron be sold under the direction of the surveyor of the church." Signed 10th 
 July 1776. 
 
 The Dean and Chapter ordered a new gaol to be erected adjoining Tothill-Fields Bridewell, 
 which was finished in 1782. 
 
 c When this communication was delivered in writing, by Mr. Smith, to Mr. Groves, Clerk 
 of the Works of the Old Palace of Westminster, that gentleman gave immediate orders for an 
 investigation into the fact. But it appears that the search was made close to the southern wall, 
 and that he was completely disappointed. It is highly probable that the chair and table were 
 placed at a distance from the wall, to allow of a space for the attendants on the Royal Person; 
 so that had the examination been at about the distance of fifteen feet from the wall, these relics 
 might have been discovered. Is not the title of " Court of King's Bench" derived from this 
 identical marble bench? — because it is well known that our early kings sat in Parliament, in 
 Westminster Hall. 
 
259 
 
 OBSERVATION ON THE BREADTH OF WESTMINSTER HALL: 
 
 Communicated to Mr. Smith, bij a Friend, l^th March, 1807- 
 
 The breadth of Westminster Hall is such as seems likely to have been 
 determined by directions transmitted from a distance, and in rude times. 
 
 This breadth is that which is still familiarly called in many parts of Eng- 
 land acre-breadth ; that is, four perches or poles, of five yards and an half 
 each, or twenty-two yards: acre-length being forty such perches, or the mea- 
 sure we now call & furlong, a word abbreviated from forty-long . 
 
 Inclosed arable needs no such distribution of land into acres of a parti- 
 cular figure ; but in common-field land, which is now rapidly diminishing by 
 inclosure acts, property every where remains in this form, and several parallel 
 lands or ridges of similar breadth, abutting upon a head-land common to all, 
 are styled in the aggregate a furlong, from the usual length of the lands com- 
 posing it. 
 
 The partition of common-fields is described by Tacitus, in his Treatise on 
 the Customs of our German Ancestors; and in feudal times it seems to have 
 been perpetuated by annual grants to the several vassals of each manorial 
 lord. Such an annual exchange of land remains even to this day in some 
 few districts of Scotland, where the custom is well known by the name of 
 run~rig, denoting the successive rotation of tenants holding the several ridges 
 of land. 
 
 This barbarian custom seems to have aimed at insuring the mutual de- 
 fence of common property in the same field ; the turbulence of ancient times 
 making skilful cultivation a secondary consideration. Thus also the manorial 
 lord might best prevent discontent among his vassal tenants, who could not 
 complain of unequal partition, while they hoped for reparation in the next 
 annual rotation. Another reason has also been assigned; lest the cultivator 
 should become so much attached to permanent property, as to be less prompt to 
 warlike enterprize; but this reason appears too refined for those rude times. 
 
 The remarkable description of Tacitus above referred to, is here subjoined, 
 as worthy of quotation: 
 
 " Agri pro numero cultorum ab universis per vices occupantur, quos mox inter se secundum 
 dignationem partiuntur. Facilitatem partiendi, camporum spatia prestant. Arva per amios 
 mutant, et supere9t Ager. Nec enim cum ubertate et amplitudine soli labore contendunt, ut po- 
 maria conserant, et prata sepiant, et hortos rigent: sola terras fruges imperatur." — Tacitus, Dc 
 morib. German, libellus. c. xxvi. 
 
260 
 
 Communication on the ancient mode of writing Letters of Gold, in relief. 
 
 " I have seen/' says M. Pingeron, " in the hands of M. de St. Antin, 
 (Painter of History) a liquid gold* prepared by M. Thome, a chemist of Paris, 
 living opposite la Doctrine Chretienne. It would work in a pen, like ink, 
 and it would receive a high degree of polish. This secret was known to the 
 earlier artists of France, as may be collected from a view of the portrait of 
 Francis I, painted in miniature by Nicholas Dellabate, which is preserved in 
 the cabinet of the late king of France. The draperies are raised above the 
 surface, by very minute linear hatchings of gold, which must have been done 
 by something of a liquid nature. In Germany, at this very time, beautiful 
 MSS. are executed in letters of gold, upon a blue or a black ground, which 
 have a fine effect. The scribes of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth 
 centuries are said to have performed their work in the following manner : 
 they took a portion of rock-crystal, and beat it into an impalpable powder, 
 and ground it upon a porphyry, or other stone, with strong gum-water, into 
 a thin paste. With this paste, the letters were traced, and they were after- 
 wards rubbed briskly, when the paste was thoroughly dry, with a piece of 
 pure gold. They were polished by means of a dog's tooth. But where a 
 still greater relief was required, the ancients used to cut cavities in parch- 
 ment, resembling letters and ornaments, which being dipped in drying oil 
 and dried, and applied to the surface of the vellum or paper on which the 
 MS. was to be written, would allow the interstices to be filled up with the 
 above paste: the parchment pattern being then withdrawn, an embossed 
 letter remained, of a prominent boldness, which was treated as before 
 described. 
 
 There is additional proof of the usage of a pen in the illumination of an- 
 cient MSS. to be found in " Wartons History of Poetry, Dissertation II." " At 
 Trinity College, in Cambridge, is a Psalter in Latin and Saxon, admirably 
 written, and illuminated with letters of gold, silver, miniated, &c. It is full 
 of a variety of historical pictures. At the end is the figure of the writer 
 Eadwin, supposed to be a monk of Canterbury, holding a pen of metal, un- 
 doubtedly used in such sort of writing; with an inscription importing his 
 name, and excellence in the calligraphic art. It appears to be performed 
 about the reign of king Stephen/' 
 
 b Those who are anxious to recover this useful art, may examine with advantage the various 
 experiments on gold, recorded in Lewis's Commerce of Arts, 4to. Lond, 1703.— Chap. 2. 
 
261 
 
 At the particular request of several intelligent inhabitants of West- 
 minster, who are anxious to enrich this work with such indubitable facts as come 
 either within their own memory or arc preserved in various legal instruments, 
 Mr. Smith has been induced to insert their information, in the order in winch it 
 -chronologically comes. 
 
 The City of Westminster was so difficult of access previously to the erec- 
 tion of the present commodious bridge, (between 1738 and 1750), d and the 
 streets were so narrow and dirty, and lined with so many wretched dwellings, 
 as to cause the Parliament to pass an act in the 23d year of Geo. II, l/oO, 
 for the purchase of all such tenements and places as stood in the way of its 
 improvement. For instance, they bought the ancient market-place called 
 the Round Wool-staple, which stood at the east end of the spot now called 
 Bridge Street, on which the western abutment of ihe bridge was built; for 
 which it appears they gave the sum of 840/. Some remains of the place 
 where this Staple was kept, and particularly an old stone gate fronting the 
 Thames, were in being till the year 1741, when they were pulled down; and 
 until this date, the place retained its original name/ 
 
 They extended their improvements westward, erecting Bridge Street and 
 Great George Street, to Storey's Gate, St. James's Park; and they constructed a 
 wide and handsome avenue to the Houses of Parliament, from north to south, 
 across the ground on which Parliament Street now stands. Formerly, the 
 only coach-road to those important houses was through King Street and 
 Union Street, which were in so miserable a state, that faggots were thrown 
 into the ruts on the days on which the king went to Parliament, to render 
 the passage of the state coach more easy. From Union Street the road con- 
 tinued on the Avestern side of New Palace Yard through St. Margaret's Lane, 
 to Old Palace Yard. The present St. Margaret's Street is formed out of St. 
 Margaret's Lane, and 34 feet of the ground on which that part of the Palace of 
 Westminster called Tudor Buildings, erected by Henry VIII, originally stood, 
 and a portion of the Old Fish-Yard. So extremely narrow was the old 
 
 c The Clock-Tower which stood on the north side of New Palace Yard was taken down in 
 1715, and the noble bell which it contained, called Great Tom of Westminster, was purchased 
 for St. Paul's Cathedral; but on its way through Temple liar it rolled off the carriage, whereby it 
 was cracked, and rendered useless until it was re-cast. On the rim of the newly-cast bi ll, an 
 inscription intimates that it was brought from the ruins of \Vestminster. 
 
 d The above vary from the received dates, but they are correctly taken from the mason's 
 accompt-book. 
 
262 
 
 Lane, that pales were obliged to be placed, four feet high, between the foot- 
 path and coach-road, to preserve the passengers from injury, and from being 
 covered with the mud which was splashed on all sides in abundance. At the 
 end of this Lane, in Old Palace Yard, stood the ancient brick buildings 
 called Heaven, and Purgatory, between which and the east end of Henry the 
 VII th's Chapel, the state coach passed to set down the King at the entrance 
 of the House of Lords, whence it was driven into the Court-Yard of Lindsey, 
 or Abingdon House, (then occupying the west side of Dirty Lane, now called 
 Abingdon Street), in order to take up his Majesty on his return. Such was 
 the obstruction at that time, from the numerous buildings in Old Palace 
 Yard, that no other mode could be devised for the commodiously turning so 
 stately a carriage drawn by eight horses. All these incumbrances were, how- 
 ever, removed, about the period when the bridge, and the improvements be- 
 fore related, were in a state of progress. For instance, Heaven and Purgatory, 
 with the sheds and out-houses, were pulled down, together with the dwellings 
 on the east side of Old Palace Yard, with Lindsey or Abingdon House; and 
 Dirty Lane, on the south, which was inhabited by the poorest class of people. 
 In lieu of this fdth and meanness, a spacious opening was made for the erec- 
 tion of mansions adapted to the reception of the highest orders of society; 
 Abingdon Street was constructed, leading by Millbank to Grosvenor House, 
 which was built in 1735, on the scite of Peterborough House; and the whole 
 space about the Houses of Parliament assumed an appearance more appro- 
 priate and dignified. Some time after these grand alterations, occasional im- 
 provements were made, by the erection of Committee Rooms for the Members 
 of the House of Commons, — by the building of an Ordnance Office at the 
 east end of St. Margaret's Church, — and by the pulling down another portion 
 of the Tudor Buildings in 1793, which projected 72 feet into St. Margaret's 
 Street. Since this period, there appears to have been a fixed determination 
 
 c Within the premises of Purgatory was preserved the Ducking-Stool, which was employed 
 by the burgesses of Westminster for the punishment of scolds. The lady was strapped within a 
 chair fastened by an iron pin, or pivot, at one end of a long pole suspended on its middle by a 
 lofty trestle ; which having been previously placed on the shore of the river, allowed the body of 
 the culprit to be plunged 
 
 " Hissing hot into the Thames." 
 
 When the fervor of her passion was supposed to have subsided, by a few admonitory duckings, 
 the lever was balanced by pulling a cord at the other end, and the dripping Xantippe was exposed 
 to the ridicule of her neighbours. 
 
263 
 
 to seize every opportunity of improving the City of Westminster. In the 
 year 1800, the Prince's Chamber, in which His Majesty used to robe, and the 
 Old House of Lords, were quitted for the Court of Requests, which was 
 every way more suited to the increased number of Peers that were introduced 
 by the Irish Union. A portion of the Court was divided off, at the south 
 end, for a new robing-room, into which the old tapestry representing the 
 birth, of Queen Elizabeth, that adorned the Prince's Chamber, was removed; 
 and the body of the Court was fitted up with seats, and hung with the 
 tapestry of the old House of Lords, the subject of which is the Destruction 
 of the Spanish Armada. 
 
 The Painted Chamber received considerable alteration, by the substitution 
 of two modern windows at the east end, in the place of the old ones; and 
 the very curious old tapestry said to be Arras, d portraying the Siege of 
 Troy, was taken down and placed in a cellar under the building. The walls 
 were then covered with paper, and the room was fitted up for the temporary 
 accommodation of the Commons, from the 11th of November to the 31st of 
 December 1800, until the alterations in the present House were completed. 
 For the convenience of hanging the paper, a scaffolding was erected, which 
 was the means of discovering historical paintings upon the walls that gave 
 rise to the name of the Painted Chamber; and on the ceiling of a small recess 
 or closet in the south wall, were found ancient inscriptions, in the French 
 language. 
 
 Several dark, filthy rooms and passages, at the south end of the present 
 House of Lords, were converted into convenient apartments for the officers 
 attending the Peers; and a lobby was formed for this House, at the north 
 end, in the space left by the purposed removal of the staircase constructed 
 by Sir Christopher Wren, within the dark passage leading from Westminster 
 Hall to the Court of Requests and the House of Commons. 
 
 d " Arras/' — so named from the City of Anas, in France, a large, strong, and fine place, for- 
 merly peculiarly eminent for its tapestry-hangings, which were here invented : but they are infe- 
 rior to those of Paris, Brussels, and Antwerp, — of more modern date. 
 
 A specimen of the state of this art, so early as the Norman Conquest, is exhibited in the 
 Cathedral of Bayeux ; the subject of which is— " The entire series of Duke William's descent 
 on England," — engraven and explained in Ducarel's Anglo-Norman Antiquities. 
 
 Tapestry-hangings were, however, manufactured in England as early as the reign of Edw. Ill, 
 and probably before that time, as appears from the following passage in Chaucer's Canterbury 
 Tales: 
 
 " A Tapestry-Merchant last, whose web might pass 
 Less for the w ork of London, than Arras." 
 
264 
 
 The Sub-Chapel of St. Stephen/ — the Cloisters, built by Dr. Chambers, — 
 the Tapestry-room, — together with several apartments on the same spot, were 
 formerly inhabited by the auditors of the Exchequer. This Sub-Chapel, in 
 the time of Lord Hallifax, was a receptacle for coals, wood, and lumber, and 
 was then called the Grotto-Iloom; but, whilst lord Walpole was Auditor, it 
 was handsomely fitted up as a domestic apartment, and remained in that 
 slate during the time of his Grace the Duke of Newcastle. When Mr. Ad- 
 dington (now Lord Sidmouth) was Speaker, the Commons voted these apart- 
 ments as a residence for their Speakers, who caused them, in consequence, 
 to be much improved. They were advanced in beauty and convenience in 
 the time of Sir John Mitford (now Lord Redesdale); but, since the present 
 Speaker, the Right Hon. Charles Abbot, has held the Chair, many other of the 
 apartments, which remained in a wretched state, have been rebuilt, and the 
 brick partition walls, which had been barbarously erected across the Clois- 
 ters, have been removed. The Bell-Tower of St. Stephen, in which pigeons 
 were kept by the labourer-in-trust, has been converted into a best staircase 
 leading up to three very spacious rooms. Two of these rooms are fitted up 
 as a Picture-Gallery, for the reception of Original Portraits of the Speakers of 
 the House of Commons, from the earliest specimens of Portrait-Painting, to 
 the present day; and the following very valuable list of pictures, already pre- 
 sented by individuals, will shew what grand things may be done in a short 
 space of time, when public spirit is roused lyy example. Their arrangement 
 in the rooms is not chronological, because the portraits are not uniform in 
 size, some being heads only, and others being full-length, and as large as life; 
 they are therefore placed in the situations in which they appear to the greatest 
 advantage. However, care has been taken, very properly, to exhibit the 
 earliest portraits, in the first room from the stairs. 
 
 e The ceiling of the Sub-Chapel is of stone, and enriched with historical sculpture, delineating 
 the " Stoning of' St. Stephen," &c. of the time of Edward III.— ft should be observed, that parts 
 of the ceiling of that portion of the Sub-Chapel which has been taken into the Speaker's Mate 
 Dining-room, have been re-painted and re-gilt by Mr. Pitt Cobbett, who carefully took draw- 
 ings and matched the original colours, previously to his performance of the work ; from whom 
 the following letter has been received. 
 
 sir, To Mr. J. T. Smith. 
 
 In reply to your enquiries respecting the re-painting and gilding of the 
 carvings on the ceiling of the Speaker's great dining-room, I can assure you that they have been 
 faithfully restored to the state in which they were found in 1801 ; it being the wish of the Sur- 
 veyor General, (Mr.Wyatt) to have them painted as nearly as possible to their original costume. 
 
 1 remain, with great respect, 
 Bedford Street, Covcnt Garden, Your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 March 18, lb07. PittCobbett. 
 All these carvings, together with those in Dr Chambers's Cloisters, having been ably engraven, 
 and explained in Mr. Carter's valuable work of " Specimens of ancient Sculpture in England," 
 Mr. Smith has not thought it necessary to enter upon them particularly. 
 
265 
 
 LIST OF THE PORTRAITS, IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. 
 
 Sir Thomas More, Speaker 1523. Lord 
 Chancellor 1529. 
 
 G iven by the Right Hon . Charles Abbot c 1 803 
 
 Sergeant Glanville, Speaker 1640. 
 Given by his descendant Francis Glanville, 
 Esq. 1803. 
 
 Thomas Audley, Esq. Speaker 1529 — 1532. 
 Lord Keeper 1532. Lord Chancellor 1533. 
 Baron Audley, and K.G. 1538. 
 
 Given by Richard Lord Braybrooke 1804. 
 
 Sir Harbottle Grimston, Speaker 1660. 
 Master of the Rolls 1660. 
 
 Given by his descendant Lord Viscount 
 Grimston 1803. 
 
 Richard Onslow, Esq. Speaker 1566, and 
 Solicitor General. 
 
 Given by theRev.Sir Richard Cope,Bart. 1803 
 
 Sir Edward Turner, Speaker l66l. Lord 
 Chief Baron of the Exchequer 1671. 
 
 Given by his descendant the Earl of Win- 
 ter ton 1803. 
 
 Christopher Wray, Esq. Speaker 1571. 
 Lord Chief Justice K. B. 1571. 
 
 Given by his descendant Sir Cecil Wray, 
 Bart. 1803. 
 
 Edward Seymour, Esq. Speaker 1672. 
 Treasurer of the Navy 1673. 
 
 Given by his descendant Edward Duke of 
 Somerset 1803, 
 
 Edward Coke, Esq. Speaker 1592, 1593. 
 Solicitor General 1592. Attorney General 
 1593. Lord C.J. CP. 1606. Lord C. J. K. B. 
 1613—1620. 
 
 Given by his descendant Thomas William 
 Coke, Esq. 1S04. 
 
 Robert Harley, Esq. Speaker 1700—1704. 
 Secretary of State 1704. Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer 17 10. Earl of Oxford and Lord 
 High Treasurer 1711. K.G. 1712. 
 
 Given by his descendant William Henry 
 Cavendish, fourth Duke of Portland, 1804. 
 Lord President of the Council, and K. G. 
 
 Randal Crew, Esq. Speaker 1614. Lord 
 Chief Justice K. B. 1624. 
 
 Given by his descendant Amabella Baroness 
 Lucas 1805. 
 
 John Smith, Esq. Speaker 1705. Chan- 
 cellor of the Exchequer 1708. 
 
 Given by his descendant Thomas Asheton 
 Smith, Esq. 1803. 
 
 Sir 1 nomas Crewe, Knt. Speaker 1023 — 1025. 
 Given by his descendant Ralph Cartwright, 
 Esq. 1805. 
 
 Sir Tnlin Finch Sneaker l6°7 1628 Lord 
 Chief Justice C. P. 1635. Lord Keeper 1640. 
 Lord Chancellor, and Baron Finch of Ford- 
 wick, 1640. 
 
 Given by Heneage fourth Earl of Ayles- 
 ford 1804. 
 
 Sir Richard Onslow, Bart. Speaker 1708. 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer 1714. Lord On- 
 slow 1716. 
 
 Given by the Rev. Sir Richard Cope, Bart. 
 1803. 
 
 William Bromley Esq. 1713. Secretary 
 of State 1713. 
 
 Given by his descendant Lucy, W° of 
 Cromwell Price, Esq. 
 
 William Lenthal Esq. Speaker 1640. 
 Given by his descendant John Lenthal, 
 Esq. 1803. 
 
 e The present Speaker, who has been elected to the Chair in three successive Parliaments, viz. on Feb. 10, 
 1302, on Nov. 16, 1802, and Dec. 15, 1800". There is a portrait of him painted by Northcote, in the Hall of 
 Christ Church, Oxford ; which has been engraven by Picart. 
 
 2 M 
 
$66 
 
 Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart. Speaker 1713., 
 1714. 
 
 Given by his descendant Sir Thomas 
 Charles Hanmer, Bait. 1803. 
 
 The Hon. Spencer Compton, Speaker 1714. 
 K.B. 1725. Earl of Wilmington 17SO. K.G. 
 1733. First Lord of the Treasury 1742. 
 
 Given by the Bight Hon. Lady George 
 A. H. Cavendish, Daughter of Charles seventh 
 Karl of Northampton 1803. 
 
 Arthur Onslow, Esq. Speaker 1727—1761, 
 m five successive Parliaments. Treasurer of 
 the Navy 1734. 
 
 Given by the Bev. Sir Richard Cope, Bart. 
 1803. 
 
 Sir John Cust, Bart. Speaker 1761 — 1770. 
 Given by his son Lord Brownlow 1804. 
 
 Charles Wolfran Cornwall, Esq. Speaker 
 1780-1788. 
 
 Given by Sir George Cornevvall, Bart. 1804. 
 
 The Bight Hon. Win. YVyndham Gren- 
 ville, Speaker 1789- Baron Grenville 1789- 
 Secretary of State 1789—1801. 
 
 Given by Lord Grenville 1804. 
 
 Henry Addington, Esq. Speaker 1789 — 
 1801. First Lord of the Treasury and Chan- 
 cellor of the Exchequer 1801—1804. Vis- 
 count Sidinonth, and Lord President of the 
 Council 1805. 
 
 Given by the Bight Hon. Henry Adding- 
 ton 1804. 
 
 Sir John Mitford, Speaker 1801. Lord 
 Bedesdale, and Chancellor of Ireland 1802. 
 Given by Lord Redesdale 1803. 
 
 The court-yard (formerly called St. Stephen's Court) lias been much im- 
 proved, by removing a coach-house and stables which stood against the east 
 side of Westminster Hall, and by making an additional way under the Receipt 
 Offices of the Exchequer, for the carriages to drive out, when attending the 
 Speaker's levees. Before this alteration took place, it was not unusual to 
 see carriages driven against each other, and meeting with injury. 
 
 Seven miserable dwellings, which obscured the beauty of the north side 
 of Henry Vllths Chapel, and which only produced sixty pounds per annum, 
 were ordered on Feb. 24, 1804, to be taken down, in consequence of a letter 
 from the Speaker to the Dean, dated November 28, 1803, reminding him of 
 •a, proviso contained in a former agreement between the Parliament and the 
 Dean and Chapter of Westminster. 
 
 The ground on which the Great Sanctuary stood (where a market-place 
 was built in lieu of the one taken down at the Wool-Staple) was, by an Act 
 passed 29 June, 1804, purchased by government of the Dean and Chapter of 
 Westminster; on which a new Guild-Hall is now being erected. In this very 
 ancient building, — the Great Sanctuary, — were formerly hung the bells d of 
 W estminster Abbey, prior to the erection of the present towers (from a design 
 
 a After it was discontinued to be used as a bell-tower, it was leased, by the Dean and Chapter, 
 to a Quaker, who sold wine by draught-measure : it therefore went by the name of the Quaker's 
 
 Tavern. 
 
26? 
 
 by Sir Christopher Wren) which were finished d within the lime of Mr. 
 Gay fere, sen. aged eighty-eight, now living, who assisted, when a boy, in 
 carrying the rods for the admeasurement of the north west tower, and who 
 finished the other since his appointment of Abbey-mason. 
 
 The King's entrance-door to the House of Lords, the Ordnance Office, 
 Waghorn's coffee-house, Ship public-house, and a house lately occupied by 
 Mrs. Bennet, formerly a tavern, called the Casar's Head,* from Soho, with Mr. 
 Bellamy's (all on the east side of Old Palace Yard), have been in part taken 
 down, and fitted up for the better convenience of his Majesty and the Peers. 
 
 It should be observed that the Ordnance-Office lately pulled down, 
 (built in lieu of the original one which stood on the east side of Old Palace 
 Yard), completely blocked up the east end of St. Margaret's Church, and 
 darkened the fine specimen of ancient glass f over the altar. That office, 
 with all the dwellings on the west side of St. Margaret's Street, and the south 
 side of Union Street, with those on the east side of King Street, forming for 
 the most part a pile of meanness and inconvenience, were purchased and re- 
 moved in consequence of an Act passed 10th of July, 180j. The City of 
 Westminster has thus received a rapid and material improvement, which 
 will make it one of the most magnificent spots in the kingdom, displaying an 
 uninterrupted view of the Abbey, Westminster Hall, and St. Margaret's Church, 
 with a prospect to further splendor, by the demolition of many shabby build- 
 ings west of the present alterations; and by the introduction of a parapet and 
 terrace, in the place of the Tally-Office of the Exchequer, on the east side of 
 New Palace Yard. At this very date, April 1807, the north front of West- 
 minster Hall is about to resume its appearance in the lime of Richard II. 
 
 The two public houses, the sign of the Coach and Horses, and the Royal 
 Oak, Oliver's coffee-house, and the Exchequer coffee-house, which for so 
 many years disguised the Hall and the Tudor buildings, have been taken 
 down; in consequence of which, eight fragments of elegant figures, carved in 
 the reign of Richard H, similar in style to the six over the Courts of King's 
 Bench and Chancery, were discovered in niches of exquisite workman- 
 ship, against the lower part of the front of Westminster Hall. Five of them 
 against the north east tower are much mutilated, four of which arc without 
 
 d In the eighth year of Geo. II, as appears by an inscription cut on the West front of West- 
 minster Abbey. 
 
 e As appeared by an inscription against the front of the house. 
 
 f For a more particular account of this beautiful window, which was originally intended as a 
 present, by the magistrates of Dort, in Holland, for king Hen. Vllth's Chapel,— Sec " The Orna- 
 ments of Churches considered," 4to. 1761, written by Dr. Wilson. 
 
268 
 
 heads; but the three, against the north west tower, are more perfect: they 
 have heads, and one of them is a graceful female, wearing a crown. Six of 
 these statues are as large as life; and the other tAvo are about four feet high. 
 AD these statues are of fire-stone ; but the Hall is of Caen-stone. 
 
 A large, perfectly dry and light room has been added, for preserving the 
 ancient Records of the King's Remembrancer's Office, on the east side of 
 St. Margaret's Street, adjoining the King's Bench Record Office. 
 
 The dark passage that led into Cotton Garden out of the south east corner 
 of Westminster Hall, close by the Court of King's Bench, has been blocked 
 up, and a far lighter one made through the west wall, at the south end of the 
 Plall, close to the Court of Chancery, leading into Old Palace Yard. 
 
 In consequence of the removal of the coffee-houses in New Palace Yard, 
 others, more convenient, have been made under the King's Remembrancer's 
 Office, to which a way has been cut through Westminster Hall, on the west 
 side, between the Courts of Common Pleas and Exchequer. 
 
 Of these under-rooms, formerly called Hell and Paradise, two Prisons of 
 the Palace, a great portion was taken away in 1793, when St. Margaret's 
 Street was enlarged, exposing to view a pump (called Hell-Tump) which 
 goes under the same appellation at this day. The keys of this Prison, fas- 
 tened to a leathern belt, are now in a room above Mr. Gray's Office, on the 
 east side of New Palace Y r ard, which formed a part of the Star Chamber, 
 and in which the tallies of the Receipts of the Exchequer are kept. 
 
 Two prebendal houses that formerly stood on the north side of the Abbey 
 (between Solomon's Porch and the Towers) in which Dr. Barker and Dr. 
 Willes resided, were on the 16th of March, 1737, by the Dean and Chapter, 
 ordered to be pulled down. The small door-way, under the fourth window 
 from Solomon's Porch, led from these houses into the Abbey; and the four 
 statues contained in the niches on the summits of the four buttresses next the 
 Towers, were screened from the north wind, and preserved, by these houses. 
 
 N. B. The four Commissioners for the improvement of Westminster Hall, 
 appointed by the King under the late act, are 
 
 1. The Lord Chancellor, for the time being. 
 
 2. The Secretary of State, for the Home Department. 
 
 3. Lord Auckland. 4. Lord Gwydir. 
 
 By permission of the Right Hon. the Speaker, and John Clement son, Esq. (Treasurer 
 to the Right Hon. and Hon. the Commissioners of J Test minster Bridge) Mr. Smith will 
 shortly publish several ancient plans of parts of Westminster, to illustrate this work. 
 
269 
 
 Whilst the last sheets of this Work were in the hands of the Compositor, the 
 annexed design was engraven on wood by the ingenious Mr. John Berry man, 
 from a drawing made previously upon the block by the hand c of Thomas 
 Stothard, Esq. R. A. whose elegant taste is too well known to need any eu- 
 logium. 
 
 The above subject, so aptly chosen by Mr. Stothard, from the 17-3th page 
 of this work, is a delineation of Edward III, commissioning Hugh de St. 
 
 c The decorating of books with the identical delineations of celebrated painters, as was prac- 
 tised by Titian, Holbein, and others, is the only sure method of conveying to posterity the real 
 genius of the artist; and must prove more acceptable to men of taste, than laboured and ex- 
 pensive copies. 
 
270 
 
 Albans, John AthclarcV and Benedict Nightegale, to collect painters for 
 St. Stephen's Chapel, rebuilt by that monarch : a list of whose names, with 
 the wages they received, is here alphabetically arranged ; not one of whom 
 was known to lord Orford : 
 
 Hugh de St. Albans, master of the pain- 
 ters, at Is. a day. 
 
 At 2s. a dot/. 
 John Barneby. 
 
 At Is. a day each. 
 John de Cotton and William Maynard. 
 
 At \0d. a day each. 
 
 John Elham, John Pekele, and Gilbert 
 Pokerig, — Pokerigh, — Pokrich, — Pokerich, — 
 Pockerich, — or Pokeriteh. 
 
 At Qd. a day each. 
 
 John Athelard, Henry Bleche, Henry Blithe, 
 John de Cambridge, John Davy, John Ecces- 
 ter, — Exchester, — or Exeter, Janyn Godmered, 
 William Lincoln, Richard Norwich, John Ox- 
 ford, Gilbert Prince, Thomas Ruddok, Lowen, 
 or Leven Tassyn, Win. de Walsingham, or 
 Walsyngham. 
 
 At Sd. a day each. 
 Richard de Croydon, Richard Ford e, John 
 Palmer, or Pahnere, and William Somervill. 
 
 At 7d. a day each. 
 
 Thomas Bnrnham,W m. Estwyk, or Estwyks, 
 and Thomas Jordan, — Jordon, — or Jurdan. 
 
 At 6d. a day each. 
 
 Adam Burgatc, or Purgate, William Hes- 
 ton, William Lark, or Larke, Benjamin Niten- 
 gale, Roger Norwich, Edward Pay n el, Peter 
 Stokwell, — Stockwell, — or Stokewell, John Ta- 
 tersete, Ralph Tatersete, and John Werk- 
 ham. 
 
 At bd. a day each. 
 Peter de Cambridge, Edward de Burton, 
 Wm.Heston, John Leveryngton, Thomas Prit- 
 tewell, — or Pritetwell, and Thomas Shank. 
 
 At Aid. a day each. 
 Thomas de Cambridge, William Cambridge, 
 Thomas Davy, Richard Lincoln, Reginald de 
 Walsingham, and John York. 
 
 In addition to the painters employed in the reign of Ed\vard III, are sub- 
 joined the names of several others who lived as far back as the period of 
 Edward I, and who worked at that time in the decorations of the first St. 
 
 d The above-mentioned persons were themselves painters, and were employed on the works 
 of St. Stephen's Chapel, in conjunction with those artists mentioned in this list. They are sup- 
 posed to have been priests: and it appears from the following quotation that the priests who were 
 skilled in illuminating of Missals, were promoted to benefices in preference to others: Some- 
 time in the thirteenth century, the prior and convent of St. Swithin's, at Winchester, appear to 
 have recommended one of their brethren to the convent of Llyde as a proper person to be pre- 
 ferred to the Abbacy of that convent, then vacant. 
 
 These are his merits. " Est enim confrater ille noster in glosanda sacra pagina bene callens, 
 in sciiptura (transcribing) peritus, in capitalibus literis appingendis bonus artifex, in regula 
 S. Benedicti instructissimus, psallendi doctissimus, &c." MS. Registr. See Warton's History 
 of Poetry, vol. i, p. 445. 
 
271 
 
 Stephen's Chapel, (said to have been erected by king Stephen about 1141); 
 not one of whom has been mentioned by lord Orford : 
 
 Master Walter's wages for a week, 7s. 
 At 8d. a day each. 
 
 Roger of Winchester, and 
 Thomas of Worcester. 
 
 Andrew, and 
 Giletto. 
 
 John of Halstede, 
 Godfrey of Norfolk, 
 Richard of Oxford, 
 William of Oxford, 
 William Ross, and 
 Mathew of Worcester. 
 
 At A\d. a day each. 
 
 At id. a day each. 
 
 John of Sonning, and 
 Thomas of Flory. 
 
 At 6d. a day each. 
 
 William de Briddes, 
 Edmund of Norfolk, and 
 Richard of Stocwell. 
 
 Thomas of Clare, and 
 John of Notingham. 
 
 At 3hd. a day each. 
 
 At 5d. a day each. 
 
 Roger de Beauchamp, 
 Thomas Brimesgrove, 
 John of Carlisle, 
 Roger of Ireland, 
 John of Soningdon, 
 
 At 3d. a day each. 
 
 John of Essex, and 
 
 Thomas, son of Master Walter. 
 
 At lid. a day. 
 Henry of Sodingdon. 
 
 Of the seventy-six painters who were employed in St. Stephen's Chapel, it 
 is worthy of observation that the whole were natives of this country, with the 
 exception perhaps of two. When this circumstance is considered, and com- 
 bined with the beauty and workmanship of that edifice, there can be little 
 difficulty in appreciating the merits of our earlier artists. To the eternal 
 confusion of the Abbe de Bos, and a string of foreign writers with similar 
 opinions, the climate of this country will be found less frigid than their cal- 
 culations. Could they view, at this time, the productions of our modern 
 artists, they would revoke their sentiments, if they had any candour ; and 
 they would join in commendation of the liberal patronage which had its com- 
 mencement at the Throne, and which has spread through the several orders 
 of our Nobility and Gentry. 
 
 To the future persons who may be employed on the repairs of the public 
 buildings in Westminster, the following particulars, concerning llie various 
 kinds of stone made use of in those edifices, may be of importance. 
 
 The foundations of the Old Palace and of Westminster Abbey are of 
 Rag-stone; a very hard, grey stone, 6 procured at Maidstone, in Kent. The 
 
 See a curious order of the 28th of Henry Ilf, for 100 barge-loads of grey-stone to be pur- 
 chased by the Sheriff of Kent, for the King's new works in Westminster, in Lord Oi ford's Anec- 
 dotes of Painting. — Dodsley's edit. vol. i, p. 12. 
 
272 
 
 oldest parls of the same Palace are of Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Caen, 
 and Fire-stone. Westminster Abbey is of Caen, Oxfordshire, Gloucester- 
 shire/ Northamptonshire, Purbeck, and Fire-stone: many of the early orna- 
 ments and monumental figures are of fire-stone. Henry the Vllth's Chapel 5 
 is of Gloucestershire and Fire-stone : — the screen on either side the Chapel 
 is of Fire-stone. St. Stephen's Chapel is of Caen-stone, Ryegate-stone, and 
 Purbeck-marble, as the Records in this work have shewn. Whitehall Chapel, 
 built by Inigo Jones, is of Portland-stone, and was its first introduction 
 into this City; but the festoons over the windows, are of a softer stone, and 
 are decaying very fast. Westminster Bridge is of Portland and Purbeck- 
 stone. 
 
 Free-stone, so called from the free manner in which it may be worked, 
 comes from Bath, Cacn, h (in Normandy), Gloucestershire, Northamptonshire, 
 Oxfordshire, the Isle of Portland, 1 and Roach-Abbey, &c. 
 
 Fire-stone is found at Ryegate and Godstone, (in Surrey), it is soft, and 
 will resist fire. 
 
 Purbeck, from the Island of that name, is extremely hard. 
 
 f A soft, easily-wrought stone, from Great Banington, Gloucestershire, usually called Puff- 
 stone, prodigiously strong and lasting. 
 
 e Stow says, — " The stone for this work, (as I have heen informed,) was brought from Huddle- 
 stone Quarry, in Yorkshire." — See Strype's Stow, vol. ii, book vi, page ] 1. 
 
 h Much used in England, after the conquest: — it is yellower than the other sorts of free-stone. 
 
 ' This is the most valuable of all the freestones : it is extremely durable, and capable of being 
 used in works of sculpture which are exposed to the weather. A striking instance of this is to be 
 seen in the key-stones that adorn the arches of Somerset-House, which were carved by the best 
 sculptors of that time, (twenty-five years since) from Heads of River-Gods, designed by Cipriani. 
 Three of these were carved by Mr. Nathaniel Smith, father of the proprietor of this work, 
 who was a pupil of the great Roubilliac, and who had the honour of working with him on some 
 of the monuments in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Many proofs of Mr. N. Smith's genius are recorded in the " Transactions of the Society of 
 Arts, in the Adelphi, London," viz. In 17o8— for the first best model in clay, 5t. 5s. In 1759 — 
 for the first best drawing from a plaster cast, 5l. 5s. In 1759 — for the first best chawing of ani- 
 mals, 3/. 3s. In 1760— for the first best model of animals, 9/. 9s. (This model is in the possession 
 of Lord Viscount Maynard.) In 1761 — for the^rsf best model, in clay, of the Continence of Scipio, 
 I5l. 15s. (in the possession of the Marquis of Rockingham). In 1762 — for the first best model, 
 in clay, ClV.-pThe subject, Coriolanus supplicated by his Mother. 
 
 During a portion of his life, he was a printseller, as has been mentioned in the Preface. 
 
 THE END. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 N. B. The Names are placed according to priority of- Subscription. 
 
 THE KING 
 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CUMBERLAND 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE 
 
 Richard Wyatt, Esq. Milton-place, Egham, Surrey, six 
 
 Copies 
 Major Edgel Wyatt 
 Sir James Winter Lake, Bart. F. A.S. 
 Ludy Lake 
 Miss Hawkins 
 Henry Hawkins, Esq. 
 Richard Gray, Esq. F. A.S. 
 
 Richard Clark, Esq. Chamberlain of London, F. R.S. F. A.S. 
 
 and P.R.I. 
 Jchn Cooke, Esq. 
 Henry Cooke, Esq. P. R. I. 
 Sunderland Cooke, Esq. 
 
 Benjamin West, Esq. Historical Painter to His Majesty, Pre- 
 sident of the Royal Academy, and F. A. S. 
 John Charles Crowle, Esq. F. A.S. four Copies 
 Houghton James, Esq. F. R. S. 
 
 Dr. Charles Gower, Physician to the Middlesex Hospital 
 Edward Holden Cruttenden, Esq. 
 
 John Flaxman, Esq. Sculptor to His Majesty, R. A. of Eng- 
 land, Florence, and Carrara 
 Thomas Bryan Richards, Esq. F. A. S. 
 John Ireland, Esq. 
 
 Mr. G. F. Pigeon, Assistant Engraver to the Stamp-Office 
 John Haslam, Esq. Apothecary to Bridewell and Bethlem 
 
 Hospitals 
 Mr. John Cranch 
 Mr. Robert Wynne 
 
 Edgar Ashe Spilsbury, Esq. Animal Painter 
 
 Rev. Edward Balme, MA. F. R.S. F.A.S. and P.R.I. 
 
 Mr. Nath. Smith, Printseller, three Copies 
 
 Hon. Miss Drummond, Drummond Castle, two Copies 
 
 Rev. I. G. Spurgeon, M.A. F. H.S. four Copies 
 
 Richard Firmin, Esq. 
 
 John Woodhouse, Esq. 
 
 Atkinson Bush, Esq. 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Keith, K. B. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Gibson 
 
 Thomas Hope, Esq. F. A. S. 
 
 Hon. George Nassau, two Copies 
 
 Mr. Manson, Book and Printseller, twenty Copies 
 
 Michael Bowman, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Colnaghi, Printseller, six Copies 
 
 Mr. Edward Harding, Book and Printseller 
 
 Mr. Brown, Printseller 
 
 Mr. Seago, Piintsellcr 
 
 Right Hon. Earl Egremont, F. R. S. F. A. S. and P. R. L 
 
 The Countess of Egremont 
 
 Philip Metcalf, Esq. M. P. F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 
 Henry Hope, Esq. 
 
 Henry Smedley, Esq. 
 
 Rev. John Smith, M. A. Westminster School 
 
 William Young Ottley, Esq. F. A. S. 
 
 Mr. Edward Orme, Printseller, six Copies 
 
 Thomas Ruggles, Esq. F. R. S. and F. A. S. Finchingficld, Essex 
 
 Mr. Ackerman, Printseller, six Copies 
 
 General Dowdeswcll, F. A. S. two Copies 
 
 Thomns Dowdeswell, Esq. 
 William Derby St. Quintin, Esq. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, K. G. two Copies 
 
 Hon. William Elphinstone 
 
 Miss Elphinstone 
 
 Mrs. Franks, Wood Side, Herts 
 
 Thomas Thompson, Esq. M. P. and F. A. S. 
 
 Rev. Manley Wood, LI . B. Chaplain to the Right Hon. the 
 
 Lord Mayor of London 
 Sir Simon Claike, Bart, two Copies 
 Samuel Robert Gaussen, Esq. M. P. 
 Mr. Taylor, Architectural Library, Holborn, two Copies 
 Sir Richard Hoare, Bart. F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 Henry Hoare, Esq. F'. A. S. and P. R. I. 
 Henry Hugh Hoare, Esq. F. R. S. F.A.S. and P.R. I. 
 Charles Hoare, Esq. F. A. S. and P. R. I. 
 Henry Merrick Hoare, Esq. 
 William Hoare, Esq. 
 George Matthew Hoare, Esq. 
 Sir John Packington, Bart. 
 
 Rev. Matthew Raine, D. D. Fellow of Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge: Schoolmaster at Charterhouse, F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 Alexander Hendras Sutherland, Esq. 
 Richard Bull, Esq. 
 Right Hon. Earl Fitzwilliam 
 Richard Warner, Esq. 
 Mr. Wilkinson, Printseller, two Copies 
 Mrs. Frances Harrison 
 William Ford, Esq. Manchester 
 John Grenside, Esq. 
 Richard Cotton, Esq. 
 Richard Thompson, Esq. 
 Thomas Allen, Esq. F. A.S. 
 R. Cox, Esq F. R S. and F. A. S. 
 John Blackburn, Esq. M. P. 
 Mr. Simco, Book and Printseller, two Copies 
 Messrs. Kirby, Booksellers, two Copies 
 Lieut. Gen. Whyte 
 
 Alexander Whyte, F"sq. Lincoln's-Inn 
 Mr Richardson, Printseller, six Copies 
 John Meyrick, Esq. F. R S. 
 Jamts Meyrick, F. R S and F. A. S. 
 Mrs. Davenport, Clapham. 
 
 Thomas Barrett, Em). F. A. S. Lee, near Canterbury 
 Henry Crmpton, Esq. Page to Her Majesty 
 Charles Stun, Esq. M. P. 
 
 Right Hon. Earl ot Shaftesbury, V. R. S. and F, A. S. 
 
 Col. Hammond, F.A.S. 
 
 Samuel Rogers, Esq. F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 
 James Christie, Esq. 
 
 James Christie, Jun. Esq. 
 
 Sir Charles Warwick Bampfylde, Bart, M. P. 
 
 Mr. Clarke, Bookseller, six Copies 
 
 Edmund V. Akers, Esq. 
 
 Robert Reeve, Esq Lowestoff 
 
 Sir Mark Mastcrman Sykes, Bart. F. A. S. two Copies 
 Paul Cobb Methuen, Esq. F. A.S. 
 
 2 N 
 
274 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Col. Sib thorp, M. P. 
 
 The Right Hon. George Rose, M. P. 
 
 G. H. Rose, Esq. M. P. 
 
 James Graham, Esq. M. P. and F. A. S. 
 
 Thomas Graham, Esq. Lincoln's Inn 
 
 Charles Townley, Esq. F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 
 John Townely, Esq. F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 
 Rev. William Phillips, M.A. 
 
 John Dent, Esq M P. F. R. S. F. A. S. and P.R.I, two Copies 
 Mr Alderman Hibbert 
 
 The 1 Ion. John Peachey, F. R. S. F. L S. and F. A. S. 
 
 Right Hon. Earl Harcourt, Master of the Horse to Her Ma- 
 
 je ty, F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 Hon. Gen Harcourt 
 Hon. Mrs. Harcourt 
 Mrs Wyld 
 Mrs. Mil ward 
 
 Col. Matthew Smith, Major of the Tower of London, F. R S. 
 
 and F. A. S. 
 John Andrews, Esq Modbury, Devon 
 Francis Townsend, Esq Windsor-Herald, F. A. S. 
 John Harvey, Esq. 
 Miss A. B Crosse, Streatham 
 Richard Cartwright, Esq. Temple 
 RUht Hon. Earl Spencer, K. G. F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 Mr. Pitt Cobbett, Painter to the Board of Works 
 Mr. Thomas Gaylere, Jun. Mason to Westminster Abbey 
 Right Hon. Lord Viscount Maynard 
 Viscountess Maynard 
 Peter Esdaile, Esq. Gainsford, Essex 
 William Esdaile. Esq two Copies 
 Hon. and Right Rev. Lord Bishop of Durham 
 Owen Ormsby, Esq. Porkington, Salop 
 Mrs. Ormsby, Ditto 
 James Lewis, Esq. Surveyor 
 Mr. Thomas Steel 
 Mr. Surr 
 
 Charles Berners, Esq. Wolverstone, Suffolk 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Viscount Bulkeley 
 
 Right Hon. Lady Viscountess Bulkeley 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Teignmouth 
 
 Heneage Legge, Esq. Putney House, Surrey 
 
 Right Hon. Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 
 ~K.G. F. R. S. and F.A. S 
 Hon. and Right Rev. Lord Bishop of Ely 
 Lady Lucas 
 
 Right Hon. Charles Yorke, Secretary at War, F.R.S. and F. A. S. 
 Gen. Coote Manningham, Bookham, Surrey 
 Joseph Musgrave, Esq. 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Holland, F. A. S. and P. R. I. 
 
 Sir Gilbert Affleck, Bartt Dalham House, Suffolk 
 
 James Adam Gordon, Esq. F. A. S. 
 
 William Northey, Esq. M. P. 
 
 Clement Tudway, Esq. M. P. Wells, Somerset. 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Gwydir, Deputy Great Chamberlain of England 
 
 The Hon. Peter Burrell 
 
 Thomas Hammersley, Esq. F. A. S. and P.R.I, four Copies 
 William Danby, Esq. F. A.S. Swinton, Yorkshire 
 Right Hon. Lady Ne"wburg 
 
 Rev. John Leigh Bennett, M. A. Thorp Place, Surrey 
 William Blake, Esq. Sunbury House, Middlesex 
 Mr. Edward Glanvill, Builder to the Board of Works 
 Right Rev. Lord Bishop of Salisburv, Chancellor of the Ordar 
 
 of the Garter, F. R. S. F. A. S. V. P. 
 His Grace the Duke of Portland, K. G. Chancellor of the Uni- 
 versity of Oxford, F. R. S. F. A. S. 
 Oriel 
 
 Corpus Christi 
 Magdalen 
 All Souls 
 University 
 Trinity 
 Merton 
 St. John's 
 Worcester 
 Brazen-nose 
 Exeter 
 New 
 
 'College, Oxford. 
 
 Rev. John Price, B.D. Librarian of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, 
 F. A. S. 
 
 Sir William Doiben, Bart. M. P. 
 
 The University Pub'ic Library, Cambridge 
 
 King's College, Cambridge 
 
 Thomas Wood, Esq. Littleton House, Middlesex. 
 
 Jervoise Clark Jervoise, Esq. M. P. 
 
 Sir Richard Hill, Bart. M. P. Hawkstone, Salop 
 
 Mr. White, Bookseller, twelve Copies 
 
 Mr. Ryan, Bookseller, twenty Copies 
 
 J. Byerley, Esq. 
 
 Sir John Frederick, Bart. M.P. Burwood Park, Surrey 
 Edmund Boehm, Esq. Ottershaw Park, Surrey 
 Mr. John Leroux 
 
 Thomas Maynard, Esq. Hoxne Hall, Suffolk 
 Sir William Abdy, Bart, Chobham Park, Surrey 
 Mr. J. Britton 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Bedford 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Grantley 
 
 James Trotter, Esq. Horton Place, Epsom 
 
 Joseph Alcock, Esq. 
 
 Philip Crocker, Esq. Frome, Somersetshire 
 
 Mr. Hatchard, Bookseller, two Copies 
 
 Samuel Toller, Esq. Lincoln's Inn 
 
 Mr. James Randall, Architect 
 
 Timothy Shelly, Esq. Field Place, Sussex 
 
 His Grace the late Lord Archbishop of Canterbury 
 
 Right Rev. Lord Bishop of London 
 
 John Webb Weston, Esq. Sutton Place, Surrey 
 
 Sir John C. Musgrave, Bart. F. A. S. Eden Hall, Cumberland 
 
 Edward Barker, Esq. Sompting, Sussex 
 
 The Rev. J. B. Blakeway, M. A. Kinlet Bewdley 
 
 The Rev. the Dean and Chapter of Westminster 
 
 The Pidv. the Dean and Chapter of Windsor 
 
 Eton College Library 
 
 Warren Hastings, Esq. Daylesford House, Oxfordshire 
 
 Henry Griffiths, Esq. Beaumont Lodge, Berks 
 
 William Henry Freemantle, Esq. Englefield House, Egham, 
 
 Surrey 
 Mrs. Freemantle, Ditto 
 William Wilberforce, Esq. M.P: 
 Robert Barclay, Esq. Clapham, two Copies 
 Right Hon. George Canning, M. P. 
 Hon. Col. Tynte 
 
 Sir Henry Charles Englefield, Bart. V. P. A. S. F. R. S. I ond 
 
 et Edin. and P. R. I. 
 Lord Carrington, President of the Board of Agriculture, F.R.S. 
 
 and F. A.S. 
 
 The most Noble the Marquis of Bath, F. R. S. and F. A S. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Somerset, L. L. D, 
 
 The Rev. George Hnddesford, M. A. 
 
 John Julius Angerstein, Esq. M. P. 
 
 David Pike Watts, Esq. P. R. I. 
 
 Sir Henry Hawley, Bart. Laybourne, Kent 
 
 Robert Aberdeen, Esq. 
 
 Edward Taylor, Esq. Hamble, Hants 
 
 Right Hon Earl of Carlisle, K. G. 
 
 Jeremiah Crutchley, Esq. M. P. Sunning Hill Park, Berks 
 Sir Culling Smith, Bart. 
 
 Rev. George Taylor, A. M. Church Eton, Staffordshire 
 Right Hon. Alexander Earl of Roslyn, F. R. S. Lond. et Edin. 
 
 F. A. S. and P. R. L 
 William Stivenson, Esq. F. A.S. two Copies 
 John Johnson, Esq. 
 
 The Right Hon. Charles Abbot, LL. D. M. P. F. R. S. F. A. S, 
 
 P. R. I. and Speaker of the House of Commons 
 John Wightwiek, Esq. F. A. S. 
 
 William Ffendall, Esq. Matson House, near Gloucester 
 
 Joseph Scott, Esq. M.F. 
 
 Mr. William Tunnard 
 
 J. B. Burland, Esq. M. P. 
 
 Sir Kichard Clayton, Bart. F. A.S. 
 
 Mrs. Master, Yokes Place, Kent 
 
 Hon. Richard Bagot Howard 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Willoughby De Broke 
 
 David Pennant, Esq. F. R. S. 
 
 Mr. Henry Whitford 
 
 Mr. Robert Grave, Printsellcr, two Copies. 
 
SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 275 
 
 John Gaily Knight, Esq. 
 
 John Constable, Esq. 
 
 Rice v\ illiams, Esq. Royal Navy 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Viscount Dudley and Ward 
 
 William Wilkins, Esq. F. A S. Architect, Cambridge 
 
 Right Hon. Earl Grosvenor 
 
 Rev. John Hutton, M. A. Houghton le Spring, Durham 
 Lord King 
 
 Benjamin Torin, Esq. Englefield Green 
 
 Right Hon. Earl Cowj.er 
 
 Hon. Eiwaul Spencer Cowper, M.P. 
 
 Charles Cowper, Esq. Temple 
 
 The Marchioness of Exeter 
 
 Messrs. Bethcll and Watson 
 
 Mr. Mead, Surveyor 
 
 Mr. George Arnald, Landscape Painter 
 
 Mr. Sevestre 
 
 Robert Blake, Esq. F. A.S. Essex-street 
 
 Thomas Daniell, Esq. R. A. and F. A.S. Publisher of the 
 Indian Views 
 
 Richard Henry Alexander Bennett, Esq. F. A. S. Beckenham, 
 Kent 
 
 George Bellas Greenough, Esq. 
 Charles Barclay, Esq. 
 Mr. Payne, Bookseller, twelve Copies- 
 Michael Eaton, Esq. Eghani, Surrey 
 Her Grace the Duchess of De\onshire 
 Edmund Kershaw, Esq. Stockport 
 Charles Culling Smith, Esq. Wentworth's, Surrey 
 Henry Thornton, Esq. M.P Clajiham, Surrey 
 Samuel Thornton, Esq. M. P. F. A. S. Albury Park, Surrey 
 Robert Thornton, Esq. M. P. and F. A. S. 
 Right Hon. Lord Henley 
 Right Hon. Lord Auckland, L. L. D. 
 Rev. William Browne, M.A. and F. A.S. 
 Right Hon. Charles James Fox, M. P. 
 Robert Kelham, Esq. Bush Hill, Enfield 
 Richard Noble, Esq. 
 George Mathew, Esq. 
 Lord Alvanley 
 
 The Most Noble the Marquis of Stafford 
 Granville Penn, Esq. F. A. S. 
 Thomas Mitfoid, Esq. Chester 
 Lord Somerville 
 
 John Ayton, Esq. West Har'.ing Hall, Norfolk 
 Miss Esdaile, Hoddesden, Herts 
 The Most Noble the Marquis of Hertford, F. A. S. 
 John Heathcote, Esqi 
 
 Dawson Turner, Esq. F. R. S. F. A. S. F. L. S. and F. H. S. 
 
 Samuel Paget, Esq. Yarmouth 
 
 Washington Cotes, Esq. 
 
 Right Hon. The Earl of Stair 
 
 Lord Montfort 
 
 lady Montfort 
 
 Temple Hardy, Esq. Eastley End, Surrey 
 
 William Henry White, Esq. 
 
 William Bentham, Esq. F. A. S. 
 
 Mr. William Packer 
 
 Benjamin Babbage, Esq. Fleet-street 
 
 Thomas Dimsdale, Esq. 
 
 William Currie, Esq. M. P. East Horsley, Surrey 
 Lord Ennismore 
 
 Lord Cawdor, F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Lowther, F. A. S. two Copies 
 
 Mr. Thomas Mainwaring, Stiand 
 
 Rev. Mr. Robert Marriott, M. A. 
 
 James Fallofield, Esq. 
 
 Baion N. Dimsdale, Hertford, F. A. S. 
 
 Joseph Windham, Esq. F. I*. S. F. L. S. and F t A. S. 
 
 Her Grace the Duchess of Northumbeiland 
 
 Hon. Richard Drax Grosvenor, M. P. 
 
 Henry Blundcle, Esq. Ince 
 
 George Bullock, Sculptor, Liverpool 
 
 Mrs. Nugent, Upper Brook-street 
 
 Hon. Dudley Ward, M. P. 
 
 Jacob Bryant, Esq. Chippenham, Berks 
 
 Right Hon. Earl of Leicester, President of the Society of Anti- 
 quaries of London, &c. 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Dundas, F. R. S. F. A S. and P. R. I. 
 
 Right Hon. Eail of Warwick 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Brook 
 
 Michael Bland, Esq. F. A. S. Limehouse 
 
 The Rev. Archdeacon Anthony Hamilton, V. P. of the Society 
 
 of Antiquaries of London 
 John Holmes, Esq. Retford 
 Hastings Elwin, Esq. 
 
 The Library of the Royal Institution of Great Britain 
 The Library of the City of London 
 General Stibbert 
 Edward Barlow, Esq. 
 
 Sir George Baker, Bart. M. D. F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 
 John Arden, Esq. Pepper Hall, near Northallerton, Yorkshire 
 
 Edward Wakefield, Esq. Bumham Wyck, Essex 
 
 The Most Noble the Marquis of Buckingham, K. G. 
 
 The Right Hon. Earl of Chesterfield, K.G. F.R.S. and F.A.S. 
 
 Dowager Countess of Fingal 
 
 Hon. Lady Teresa Dease 
 
 Mr. Faulder, Bookseller, three Copies 
 
 Rev. Henry White, Sacrist of Litchfield Cathedral 
 
 Mr. Vernon, Edinburgh 
 
 Right Hon. the Earl of Buchan, President of the Society of 
 
 Antiquaries, Edinburgh 
 His Grace the present Lord Archbishop of Canterbury 
 Right Hon. Earl Moira, F.A.S. 
 General Hastings 
 Arthur Stanhope, Esq. 
 Octavius Gilchrist, Esq. F. A. S. 
 Henry Fryer, Ksq. Stamford 
 John Bowles, Esq. Dulwich 
 Right Rev. the Bishop of Exeter, F.A. S. 
 Right Hon. Earl of Radnor, M.A. F. R. S. and F.A. S. 
 John Reeves, Esq. Cecil-street 
 Hon. Thomas Brand, Hoe, Hertfordshire, M. P. 
 Mr. Alderman Boydell, six Copies 
 Thomas Harris, Esq. Covent Garden Theatre 
 Charles Long, Esq. Saxmundham 
 John Godfrey, Esq. Hampstead Heath 
 John Soane, Esq. R. A. Architect of the Bank of England 
 Hon. Major General Leslie, F. A. S. three Copies 
 The Hon. Piercy Wyndham 
 
 John Hanson, Esq. Great Bromley Hall, Colchester, three 
 Copies 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Leigh, Rector of Ad'cstrop 
 The Rev. Thomas Bisse, A. M. 
 
 Right Hon. Viscount Sidmouth, President of the Council, F.A.S, 
 Lord Viscount Ashbrook 
 John Rice, Esq. Kew, Surrey 
 O.-bert Denton, Esq. 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Glenbervie, F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 
 John Hatsell, Esq. Cotton-garden, Westminster 
 
 William Lorance Rogers, Esq. F. A. S Lincoln's Inn 
 
 Right Hon. Earl of Winchelsea, K.G. F. R.S. F.A.S. and P. R.I. 
 
 Edward Bury, Esq. Bath 
 
 Robert Burton, Esq. Lincoln, two Copies 
 
 Mr. Faulder, Bookseller, seven Copies more 
 
 Rev. James Beresford, M.A. Fellow of Mcrton College, Oxfoid 
 
 Lord Bagot 
 
 Mr. Thomas Willsot; 
 
 WilHam Bacon, Esq. Styford, Northumberland 
 
 Right Hon. Earl of Ashburnham, L. L. D. 
 
 Right. Hon. Earl of Westmoreland, K. G. 
 
 Walter Irvine, Esq. Luddinton House, Egham, Surrey 
 
 Lord Sheffield, F. R. S. F. A. S. and President of the Board of 
 
 Agriculture 
 Mr. Joseph Smeeton 
 John Blackburn, Esq. M.P. Bush-Hill 
 The Most Noble the Marquis of Lansdown, K. G. F. A. S. 
 John Op'e, Esq. R. A. 
 
 Caleb Whitefoord, Esq F. R. S. F. A. S. and F. S. A. 
 
 Rev. William Phillips 
 
 Noel Desenfans, Esq. 
 
 Sir Francis Bourgeois, R. A. 
 
 Sir Henry Vavasour, Bart. 
 
 Col. Vavasour 
 
 Edwatd Lovedcn Loveden, Esq. M. P. Kingston House, F. R. S. 
 and F. A S. 
 
276' SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Right Hon. Earl Onslow 
 
 Lord Viscount Cranley 
 
 Sir Abraham Hume, Bart. 
 
 Rev. Doctor Ptttiward 
 
 Lord Viscount Middleton 
 
 Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, Bart. M.P. 
 
 Richard Cooper, Esq. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, F. R. S. F. A. S. &c. 
 The Trustees of the Radcliffe Library, Oxon 
 The most Noble the Marquis of Bute, F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 The Marchioness of Bute 
 
 Right Hon. Sir William Scott, M. P. Judge of the High Court 
 
 of Admiralty of England 
 John Woodcock, Esq. Lincoln's Inn 
 The Rev Gerard Andrews, F. A. S. 
 Sir Richard Onslow, Bart. 
 Lord Viscount Althorpe 
 James Deacon, Esq. F. A.S. 
 Sir Joseph Mawbey, Bart. Botleys, Surrey 
 Lord Bayning 
 Lord Viscount Curzon 
 Right Hon. Earl of Liverpool 
 Right Hon. Earl of Aylesford, F. R. S. F. A. S. 
 Right Hon. Lord Penrhyn 
 Right Hon. Earl of Beverly- 
 Countess of Beverly 
 Right Hon. Viscount Newark 
 Philip Dehany, Esq. 
 Right Hon. Earl of Galloway 
 Right Hon. Nich. Vansiitart, M. P. 
 William Mitford, Esq. M.P. and F.A.S. 
 John Carthew, Esq. 
 "William Chinnery, Esq. 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Viscount Bravbrooke, F. A.S. 
 
 The Hon. Richard Neville 
 
 Sir George Bowyer, Bart. 
 
 Joshua Smith, Esq. M. P. F. A. S. 
 
 Lord Bishop of Lincoln 
 
 Gen. Grosvenor, M. P. 
 
 Rev Robert Grosvenor, Fellow of All-Souls College, Oxon 
 
 John Rigge, Esq. Walthamstow, Essex 
 
 Sir Robert' Williams Vaughan, Bart. M.P. 
 
 John Landon, Esq. Turkey Street, Enfield 
 
 Thomas Drake Tyrwhitt, Esq. M. P. 
 
 Lord Amherst 
 
 William Simpson,Esq. Bittern Manor House, near Southampton 
 
 Rev. Bramston Stane, Forest Hall, Ongar, Essex 
 
 C. H. Kortright, Esq. Hylands, near Chelmsford, Essex 
 
 William Speer, Esq. 
 
 Mr. J. Upham, Bookseller , Bath 
 
 Sir William Blackett, Bare. Matsen, Northumberland 
 
 Bertie Greathead, Esq. 
 
 Edmund Turner, Esq. 
 
 James Allan Park, Esq. F. A. S. 
 
 Thomas Pares, Esq. F. S. A. Leicester 
 
 Right Hon Earl of Dartmouth, Lord Chamberlain, L. L. D. 
 
 K.G. and F. A. S. 
 Lieut. Col. Eustace 
 
 Rev. John Carter, M. A. and F. A S. Lincoln 
 
 Jonathan Rashleigh, Esq. 
 
 Daniel Reardon, Esq. 
 
 John Vaston, Esq. 
 
 Lady Preston 
 
 Earl Fingal 
 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Abergavenny 
 Mrs. Hardy 
 
 Thomas Estcourt, Esq. M.P. F.A.S. Estcourt, Tetbury, 
 
 Gloucestershire 
 Rev. Whittineton Landon, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford 
 Rev. G. F. Nott, F. A. S. arid Fellow of All-Souls College, Oxon 
 Right Hon. theL. rd Chancellor of England, F. R. S. and F.A.S. 
 Captain F. M. Keith 
 
 Henry Barlow, Esq. Crown Office, Temple 
 
 Alexander M'lnnes, Esq. Architect 
 
 Sir Henry P. St. John Mildmay, Bart. M.P. F. A.S. 
 
 Lady Hamilton 
 
 Lady Porten, Kensington Palace 
 
 Sir John Smith, Bart. F. R. S. and F.A.S. 
 
 Mr. Delahoyd 
 
 Jeremiah Harman, Esq. F. A.S. 
 Mrs. Hutton, Dublin 
 Robert Hutton, Esq. Dublin 
 Mr. Taylor, Holbom, Three Copies more 
 George Vanderzee, Esq. F.A.S. King's Remembrancers' 
 Office 
 
 Sir John Alexander GifFard, Bart. 
 Samuel Prime, Esq. F. R. S. and F. A. S. 
 William James Atkinson, Esq. Temple 
 Charles Owen Cambridge, Esq. Temple 
 Hudson Gurney, Esq. Norwich. 
 Mr. Richardson, Piazza, Covent Garden 
 
 Ere a close be put to this Work, Mr. Smith offers his acknowledgments, in addition to 
 the thanks already returned to his particular patron Richard JVyatt, Esq. of Milton Place, 
 Egham, Surrey, and to several other of his friends, viz. to the Hon. Mrs. Elphmstone, 
 Miss Hawkins, the Hon. George Nassau, the Hon. Major-General Leslie, Thomas Ham- 
 mersley, Esq. David Pike Watts, Esq. William Bentham, Esq. Edward Holden Crut- 
 tenden, Esq. Caleb Whitefoord, Esq. the Rev. James Beresford, John Hanson, Esq. the 
 Rev. J. G. Spurgeon, and Jacob Jamet, Esq. 
 
 To conclude the volume, the Proprietor specifies his particular sense of the great care 
 and punctuality shezvn at the Printing-Office of Mr. Bensley, of Bolt Court: and he feels 
 himself impelled to offer similar praise to Mr. John Dixon, (f Tottenham Street, for the 
 manner in which the plates have been printed. 
 
 T. Bini'ey, Printer, 
 Bolt Court, Fleet Street, London. 
 
//////, / / V 
 
 ' J / J / / / / / / 
 
 (////;//; ■ / 
 //.'////./ ,' 
 ' • //////•// 
 
 • '///////. 
 ' r /V ////// 
 
 ' y / W / y v > / > 
 
 >//////;' 
 
 1 / J J S / ■ J ' , 
 
 1 
 
 ^\\W\\\ 
 
 AVC\V>\\ 
 
 \ * \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^ \ \ \ \ 
 
 \\\\\\\W\\',\\N 
 
 \\\ \ \ N \ \ \ x • \ \ \ \ \ v 
 
 V \\\\ v\ \ \\\ V\\\ 
 . - W • \>V \\\\\\\\ 
 
 \ \ \ v \ s \ \ \ \ \ \ v \ c \ \ \ \ 
 
 t\\ V l \\ V >\\\\\\ V \ \.\ \ ' V \ 
 
 \ \ \ \ v \ V V \. \ V V \ \ , \ \ \ \ \ \ v v > 
 
 N x - \ \ \ \ \ S \ ■. \ \ \ \\\\ \ • \\ \\ 
 
 V \ \ \ \ 
 
 \\\\\\\\\\\\\v\v\\v \v \v ■ 
 
 V\\ \\\\\\ \ \ \\ \\ \ \