;4p% 3 l^ : tey *^u-lu-:n;. : . '• : . SMiSNXSt r^m .itif ■^;>^' r ’^^:^.;- HmBW^ss mMK -JS agHHI ' i §11 ■■ ' • :- :. -Je-s ;:.• ••! i wsnjK' * ; r :;?V : Ti ..?ic. wiwi ■ ‘ : : r ft.-: 4 «v4 iip , gross # ; . .^1 ct- t' . S 3 S®.«S SaBPWS^f Bpi aHBBg ■■ *j?!B ;|a i: t3*a»1«Kal 4 : v.\ V« l> j & $*%$$$, «$$$ :SrV (r~- 4 0**c Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/descriptionofearOOgrol The Publication Committee of the Grolier Club certifies that this copy of “A Description of the Early Printed Books owned by the Grolier Club” is one of an edition of four hundred copies on hand-made paper, and three copies on vellum, the printing of which was completed in the month of May, 1895. JDredaru b>c opus quarufcripri fd tfcx>* me te aqiufio*dima m vrbc moguana • nv dtts nacoid germafce-qua fcei ciemeaa ta aitt ttigemi Imnctonoqj groan tu* ceteris tertau, nacoibo pfarreoUufVracc^ toigna* ta e* Arofiacfa quada admuencoc rmpri? mcndi feu roracfcerijandi abfq 5 vWa calami rjcaracotie lie effigiatu»ct ad eufebia bet m s tmftrtc efV rofumatu petru fcboiffkr fce gertigbem. Anno t>ni niillefimoquadrm* gentefimofexagefimonono • Tredcdma t>ie“Juntj* ,2>it laue fceo* Facsimile No. 1 description of THE EARLY PRINTED= BOOKS OWNED by THE GROLIER CLUB WITH A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THEIR PRINTERS AND THE HISTORY OF TYPOGRAPHY IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY = PRINTED FOR THE GROLIER CLUB NEW-YORK, MAY, MDCCCXCV Copyright, 1895, by the Grolier Club. The De Vinne Press. INTRODUCTION HE books described in the following catalogue are not merely examples of early bookmaking : many of them have an historic value, for they contain the first notices in print of the invention of typography. It was with this end in view that they were carefully selected for the typographical library which Mr. David Wolfe Bruce and his father, the late George Bruce, were collecting for more than fifty years. The value of this collection will readily be inferred from the recital of the names of some of the printers of the books: Gutenberg, Peter and John Schoeffer, Mentelin, Koberger, Jenson, John of Speyer, Ratdolt, Zainer, Wynkyn de Worde, Aldus, and others. The Bruce library contained not only the incuna- bula here catalogued, but a great number of books on the literary history of typography. Its collection of specimen-books of types and of manuals of mechanical printing was certainly the largest ever gathered on this side of the Atlantic. This library, which Mr. Bruce has 8 INTRODUCTION frequently put at the service of his studious friends, has been lately divided, and generously presented to the book-makers as well as the book-lovers of New York. The specimen-books, grammars of printing, and all books treating of the mechanics of the art, were given to the Typothetae of this city ; the incu- nabula, and all the valuable books on bibliography and literary history, were given to the Grolier Club. In recognition of the great value of the gift, the Com- mittee on Publications decided to publish a cata- logue of the books, illustrated with facsimiles of the more important passages that contain references to the invention and art of printing. Translations have been specially made for the work by Nelson Glenn McCrea, Ph. D. The historical notes have been compiled in the main from two recent writers on early printed books — Duff, “Early Printed Books,” and Brown, “The Venetian Printing Press.” Among the other writers consulted are Bigmore & Wyman, Blades, Bouchot, Copinger, De Vinne, Haw- kins, Hessels, Holtrop, Dr. Van der Linde, Madden, Pol- lard, and, of course, Panzer, Hain, Renouard, Lowndes, and Brunet. Title-pages were rarely used by the early printers. They began their books at once with the text proper, with only a heading briefly indicating the title of the book, and beginning, Incipit , Here begins , etc. In this respect, as well as in the form of the charac- ters and the general appearance of the book, the printer INTRODUCTION 9 followed closely his predecessor the scribe, making his work resemble as nearly as possible the manuscripts hitherto in vogue. Capital letters at the beginning of paragraphs and chapters are trequently omitted, a large space being left in which the letter might be painted, or filled in, by the illuminator or rubricator. The text ends with a paragraph (colophon), again in imitation of medieval manuscripts, in which the author’s name and the title of his work frequently ap- pear, as well as the printer’s name and the date and place of publication. This in turn is sometimes fol- lowed by the printer’s device or trademark. Annot>ni*A\tccdirrvin.advT).idu6ianuarias[Rcucrcdir: fimo m xpo pfc ac tmo | oiio bicthero arcbipfiile m aguntr no- m nobili airieatt mag-unaa corniriltoMmeruc firmiffc moi$cruHmife£tuiayop?pdaru 1 Petrus fdpffer o? gernfj* berm artemg'tajfuifl cofig-nadofcutis fehatrr fimuit* Facsimile No. 2 PAGE John Gutenberg . . . Bible of thirty-six lines. (See page 16.) Fac- simile No. 3 17 ** .... Bible of forty-two lines. (See page 16.) Fac- simile No. 4 18 Peter Schoeffer ... Thomas Aquinas. Opus quarti scripti. Mainz, 1469 (No. 1). Colophon describing printing as “the formation of letters without the stroke of a pen.” Facsimile No. 1 Frontispiece .... Paulus de S. Maria. Dialogus. Mainz, 1478 (No. 4). Colophon. Facsimile No. 2. . . 9 John Schoeffer .... Bambergische Halssgerichts Ordenung. Mainz, 1 508 (No. 6). Two facsimiles (Nos. 3 and 6), containing type of the Psalter of 1457 and of the Bible of 1 462 19,20 .... Trithemius.. Compendium, etc. Mainz, 1313 (No. 8). Colophon accrediting invention of ty- pography to Fust and Schoeffer. Facsimile No. 7. 23 ....Livy. Duobus librisauctus cum L. Flori epitome. Mainz, 1318 (No. 9). Preface by Erasmus attrib- uting invention of typography to Fust ; also the “ Privilege,” granted by Maximilian, which gives the credit to Fust. Facsimiles Nos. 8 and 9 23, 27 ** ** ....Livy. Romische Historic. Mainz, 1514 (No. 7). Tullia driving her car over her father’s body. Facsimile No. 10 29 Ivo Schoeffer Livy. Romische Historic. Mainz, 1351 (No. 10). In the dedication of this book, as in the previous editions, the invention is conceded to Gutenberg. Facsimile No. 1 1 30 John Koelhoff .... Cologne Chronicle, 1499 (No. 28). In this book Ulrich Zell states that “the art was discovered first of all in Germany by Junker Johann Guten- berg.” Facsimile No. 12 37 12 LIST OF FACSIMILES PAGE John Froschauer . . Wimpfeling. Oratio querulosa. Augsburg, c. 1496 (No. 39). In this book is a statement that printing was discoveredat Mainz “in our times.” Facsimile No. 13 Gunther Zainer . . . Isidore of Seville. Augsburg, 1472 (No. 32). Facsimile of Roman type, No. 14 Anthony Koberger . Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493 (No. 48). Con- tains a statement that printing was invented at Mainz about 1440. Facsimile No. 15. . . . Albert Dtirer Etliche underricht, etc., Nuremberg, 1527 (No. 52). Facsimile of title-page, No. 16. . . John Froben Polydore Virgil. Basle, 1524 (No. 58). Describes Gutenberg as the inventor. Facsimile No. 17. Philip de Lignamine. Chronica summorum pontificum. Rome, 1474 (No. 62). In this book Gutenberg and Fust at Mainz, and Mentelin at Strassburg, are noticed as printers in 1439. Facsimiles Nos. 18 and 19. Erhard Ratdolt . . . Fasciculus temporum. Venice, 1480 (No. 68). On leaf 64 is a reference to printing. Facsimiles Nos. 20 and 21 Philip Pigouchet . . Fleures a l’usage de Paris, 1 300 (No. 82). Fac- simile No. 22 John Trechsel .... William of Occam. Dialogus. Lyons, 1494 (No. 83). Facsimile No. 23 Wynkyn de Worde .Vitas patrum. Westminster, 1493 (No. 84). Facsimile No. 24 Berthold Ruppel . . Conradus de Mure — Repertorium, Basle, c. 1473 (N°. 33). Lines containing the printer’s name (Bertoldus) and the town (Basilea). Fac- simile No. 25 37 40 43 47 5 ' 33 39 64 66 68 70 / A DESCRIPTION OF THE EARLY PRINTED BOOKS OWNED BY THE GROLIER CLUB 31 Catalogue of Carli> Brintea 38oofes MAINZ EVERAL towns claim the honor of being the birthplace of typography, but the weight of evidence favors Mainz, with John Gutenberg as the inventor of movable metal type. Like many other inventors, Gutenberg was forced to call to his aid the capitalist, in the person of a professional money- lender, John Fust, in 1450; and later Peter Schoeffer was associated with them, prob- ably as proof-reader or corrector. They soon quarreled and separated, Gutenberg dying in poverty, while Fust and Schoeffer founded a pros- perous printing-house. Fust died in 1466, and Schoeffer continued the business to the end of the fifteenth century, printing many books. «5 i6 MAINZ The earliest known specimen of printing from movable type — the “In- dulgence” of Nicholas V — was printed at Mainz in 1454. Several editions were issued in this and the following year, the work of two different prin- ters, one of whom was doubtless Gutenberg while the other may well have been Schoeffer. About this time two Bibles were printed at Mainz — the one known as the Mazarin or Forty-two-line Bible, the other as the Pfister or Bamberg (Thirty- six-line) Bible. Gutenberg was no doubt connected with the production of both. In the Bruce Collection is a fragment of the Mazarin Bible, two leaves on vellum (see facsimile No. 3); and also two leaves on paper, of the Bamberg Bible (see facsimile No. 4). Schoeffer was also the printer of the first book with a printed date, the “Psalmorum Codex” of 1457. This is also the first book in which a prin- ter’s mark or device appears. The mark of Fust and Schoeffer consists of two printer’s rules on two shields, hanging from the branch of a tree. f Peter Schoeffer 1469 1 Thomas Aquinas — Super quarto sententiarum (Opus quarti scripti). Folio, 273 leaves (lacks first leaf). Hain, *1481. A facsimile of the colophon of this book (which is printed with the type of the Bible of 1462) will be found in the frontispiece. The translation is given below. On the thirteenth day of June in the year of our Lord the one thousand four , hundred and sixty-ninth, at the fostering city of Mainz, in the famous German nation which God, in his mercy, has deigned to honor and glorify above all other nations of the world by the free gift of the light of such great genius, this noble work, the Commentary of St. Thomas of Aquino on the Fourth Book of the Sentences, has, by the use of the quite ingenious in- vention of printing, or, as it may be described, the formation of letters without any stroke of a pen, been thus, to the honor of God, carefully produced and finished by Peter Schoeffer of Gernsheim. To God be the praise. i Dirriplmt rompiTteria* £ura tptj Difnplim inlntio fa Uilfc no tufooia hgu tUi? f ♦ £ufio Dina our Icgura rofummario fromiptioms rtt: inrortuprio aut faiit tffr .p^inm tco*£otu* ptfttria ftatp fapmimtt&imt aD reguu prqmum&t rtgo fe> Itrfanrini CrCiib? tt fcrptrts orr* gm jpft: Diltgttt fapmina m f pEtpmtu rcgorns* Migite hi imu rapmrat: monte gin ptf* tie pi&e^uiD rft am fapittia ttquraDinoDu fartafnrtfrta i non abftonbam a oobie fa; rcamnnabn: ftb ab mirio na= riuitade futftigabo: ttpona f lumn fririttia iUhie** non pc- ribo oratate : m© mm fniiua Bible of Thirty-six lines, with the rubricator’s retouches on the capitals. Book of Wisdom vi: 17-22. Facsimile No. 3 illoarfibr ; uriltas tmba ton. |lunr ttp qb temptotia ftu-OTqimr tugC fitjimuttte bjftqrfbipqfl nop nosne* qt pres tra poitart pumittma g gcatirtiifu tQn trebtm? faluarr quc* abraobii a lilLlTatmt aur cte tuftmt bon aububat bamata * poulu ttai> rautta quanra ft? ftafTa figtta \ pro* irigwmQmlnragroe.ftpoftqjta* tuttfictffpCbit iambus inrtno.tJm fouowauDurrar.5))TOon nartarot qurabmobu pntu btus mtouit fit mu* tf gmttbus pilm nonuni fuort fiuic tonnuDantatrtBjjJbttaturfinit fioptu ipoft^cmifttattmrtufira^ bo tatematl’m iamb qb brabtt t bint tanuarnbiflrabo^ mgain illubrut tfquitattttmlprarau brim ontnra "nonmt tutu brat-boa farima to Jflotuafr* rulo f btiu opus lira, prop tn: quob tgoiubtnj no tnqutttanios fl fg flat tibneaumuutab briefeb finbm ab Bible of Forty-two lines, with rubricator’s retouches on the capitals. Acts xv : 10-20. Facsimile No. 4 <$on bfirtjten unD ximnanen nartiDenjerurtcflung. 3thnVlcyfm/Yi?fl^ fte mttbetrtrar/ bctc auffftcbfdbe obct*anbctperforcbcFmttb«bm xoibet* $ulau^m/wamt ttye* m ius artis impreflbrif inuentriceprim a. Per IOANNEM Sdidffer ,nepote quoda honeui uiri IO ANNIS fufth duisMoguntin,memorate artis primarij audoris Qui Cande imprimendi arte proprio ingenio ex? cogitare foecularicfc coepif Snodnicg natiuitatis M CCCC .L,inaidJoeXIU.RegnanfeiIlu ftriffimo Rodmpcrafore FREDERICO Ill.Pr^fidente lantfbe Moguntinar fed! Reuerediflimo in chro pre domino THEODERICO pincern a de Er i pachpricipe eleftore Anno aut M.GCCC.LII. perfect dedu* 3 otq? ea(diuina fauente gra da ) in opus inprimedi (Opera tnacmultia neceffanjs ad in * uentionjbus PETRI Schofferde Gernshei mini? ftri fuia filij adopts ui)Cui eti am filiam (uam CHRISTINAM fufthin # digna laboru multarQcp adinuS* tfond remuneratioe nuptui dedir.Re* finerit aSthij duo i5prenominatiIOANNES ftifth & PETRVS Schoffer h5c artem i (ecreto( omi^ busminiftris ac famiiiaribus eoij^ne ilia quodmodo mam teftaref^ureiurado aftri eofdem famdiares i diuerfas terrain JDUincias diuulgata hand parum fumpfit facmSSmu-. * CVM GRATIA ET PRIVILEGIO CAESAREE MADE* ftadsiuflii ftipcnfit hondhIO ANNIS HafeJpcrg ex Ala maiorc Cooftaoden diocefis, V Facsimile No. 7 24 MAINZ Schoeffer, kept this art a secret, binding all their workmen and ser- vants by an oath not to make the process known in any way. From the year 1462, however, it was carried by these same workmen into different countries of the world, and made no slight advance. . . . 1518 9 Livy — Duobus libris auctus cum L. Flori epitome. Folio, 80 1 . -1- 730 p. + 15 1 . Brunet 111 , 1 104. This book contains a preface by Erasmus, in which the invention of printing is attributed to Fust (see facsimile No. 9). And in the privilege of printing the work, granted to John Schoeffer by the Emperor Maximilian, the inven- tion is also credited to Fust (see facsimile No. 8). TRANSLATION OF PRIVILEGE Privilege granted by His Imperial Majesty. Maximilian, by favor of divine mercy, Emperor of the Romans ever Augustus, King of Germany, Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, etc., Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, etc., Count of the Palati- nate, to our worthy, loyal, and well-beloved John Schoeffer, Chalcog- rapher of Mainz, our Imperial grace and every blessing. Whereas we have been informed and advised by the testimony of credible witnesses that the ingenious invention of chalcography, originating with your grandfather, has in its prosperous development found its way into all the world, and that almost all chalcographers, not only throughout the dominions of our Empire, but in other realms also, enjoy a favor or privilege denying to others the right to pub- lish books which have been issued from their establishment accord- ing to the tenor of the grant held by them, to the end that their labor may not be in vain and that they may not incur loss in the performance of their duty, as we hear has been your fate in the publication of your Livy : therefore, being desirous, both in memory of your grandfather, a man worthy of all favor and commendation, especially for this divine discovery, and in hope to make good the loss which you have sustained from the immediate publication by others of inferior editions of the works issued by you, to come to your aid with timely assistance and to take precautions for the future, we do now to chalcographers and printers of books, all and singular, of whatever condition in life they may be, in all places soever in our PRI VILEGIVM A CAESAREA MAIESTATE CONCESSVM. MAXIMILIA NVS Diuinafauente dementia Romanorum imperator Temper Auguftus,acGerma nia^Hungariae, Dalmatia, Croaciae&c.ReXjArchiduxAufh-iae, dux Burgun^ diae,Brabantiae&c. Comes Palatinus&c.Honeftonoftro,&:facri imperr]fideli nobis diledo I oanni Scheffer Chalcographo Moguntino gratiam noftram Caes fareamj&omebonum.Cumjficutdodi&rnonitifumusfidedignorumteftimo, nio,ingeniofumchalcographiae,authore auotuo,inuetum felicibus increment lisinuniuerfumorbcrnpromanauerit,&fere omneschalcographi nomodoper imperrj noftri ditionemffed aliaetiam regna gratia feu priuilegio de non impri^ mendislibrisexofficinaeorumemanatisfecundum uimobtenti cuiuflibet pri ^ uilegrj gaudeant,ne eorum irrirus laborfiat,&fibi iaefluram officio fuo pariant,fi cut tibimpublicationeLiuianacotigiffeaccepimus.ProindcuoIcntcs tibi, turn ob auu tuu , omni uel ob hoc diuinum inuentum fauore>& commendatione di^ gnu, turn pro damni tui recuperatione^uod accepifti ex priecipiti fecundaria o>- perum a tepublicatorum editione,opportuno renjedio fuicurrere , dC in pofteru profpicere,omnibus&finguIis,cuiufcunquexohditionis exiftant,Cha!cogra^ phis,6< libroruimprefforibus,ubilibetlocoru in facro Romano imperio,6C etia in terfr.'s noftris haeredirarrte coftitutis fub poena infraferipta ferio inhibemus,ne Tirum Liuium per decenniOm, quern fub incude in praefentiarum habes,& Lari num 3 i Germanicum,acetiamautf ioremquam hadenus nunquam publicatus, cdereproximeintendis,acaIiap!eraqueoperaquacunqucinIingua,quaetu pri^ mum apud Germanos, licet apud exteros impreffa fuerint,publicabis per fexen nium a dato editionis cuiuflibet talium Iibrorum & operum,imprimere, feu ali^ bi imprimi facere,aut poft diem eorundem editionis impreffos adducere,quouif modo,autquaefito colore ftudeant uel praefumant,aut ut ab alijs ifta fiant author res Tint, fub poena amiffionislibroruliceditorum,autu;enumexpofitoru,quos eb«inipraefatusIoannes,autcui abeo agendum hocc6miffumfuent,dcfadoubi cunqueeos compererit , accipere,S£ incomodum fuum conuertere poteris & po terit,impedjmento,cotradiaione,&impugnationeccffantequoruncunquc,cu iufcuncp dignitatis, praeeminentia:, ftatus,& officrj fuerint.Et amplius fub poena decern marcharumauripuri,cpjastoties quoties,contrafadum fuerit, irremiffibiliterexigendas a contrafacientibus,& pro medi etatefifeo noftroCaefareo,proreliquaueroiniuriam pafl» ufibus decernimus effe applicartdas .Harum tefti mo nioliterarum figilli noftri munimine roborataru . Datum in oppidonoftro Vuelsdie nona MenfisDecembris , An . M . D . X V 1 1 1 * Regnorumnoftro rum, Romani XXXIII, Hungariae uero XXIX* Admandatum Csefareac maieftatis proprium# la. Spiegel. 4 Facsimile No. 8 26 MAINZ Holy Roman Empire, and likewise in our hereditary possessions, is- sue this our solemn prohibition, under the penalty stated below. The T itus Livius which you have now in press, and which you purpose shortly to publish, both in Latin and in German, in a more complete form than in any previous edition, and the numerous other works, in whatsoever language, which you shall be the first to publish in Germany, though they may have been already printed in foreign lands, these the printers aforesaid shall not in any way or under any pretext seek or presume, or cause others to seek or presume, to print, or to cause elsewhere to be printed, or after the day of the publica- tion of the same to appropriate the printed copies. The period cov- ered is, in the case of the Livy, ten years, in the case of the other works, six years, from the date of the publication of such books and works. The penalty is the loss of the books so published or ex- posed for sale, which also the said John, or he to whom he may intrust the matter, shall have power to seize wherever he shall have learned of their existence, and to turn to his own profit ; and this without hindrance, gainsaying, or opposition on the part of any, of whatever rank, distinction, condition, or office they may be. And there is further affixed a penalty of ten marks of pure gold, to be exacted irrevocably from the offenders for each and every infrac- tion of this grant, one half of which we do now order to be paid into our Imperial treasury, the other half to be placed at the disposal of the sufferer of the injury. Witness this document attested by our seal. Given in our town of Vuels, December 9th, 1518, in the year of our reign, as Emperor of the Romans, the thirty-third, as King of Hungary, the twenty-ninth. TRANSLATION OF PREFACE Erasmus of Rotterdam to all who are haters of barbarians and lovers of the Muses, greeting : If in times past they deserved no common praise who furnished Origen and Jerome with scribes and parchment, what meed of praise is due to the printing establishments which daily send forth to us hosts of good books, and that for a very low price! If Ptolemy Philadelphus won for himself undying remembrance with £ R A S M V S ROTBRODAMVS M I S O* BARBARIS ATQ.VE IISDEM PHI L O M V S I S O M N I B V S, S. D. I LAVDEM H A V D dVAQ_VAM uulgarem meruerunitolim qui Origeru &Hieronymo no tarios ac membranas fuppeditarunt j quantum uero lau ^ disdebcturTypographorum officinis, qua? nobis cotix die bonorum uoluminum effunduntexamina ,idcpmi^ nimo pretio. Si Ptolemaeus illePhiladelphus memoriam apudpofterosfibiparauitimmortaIem,obbib!iorhccam Alexandriae comparata,inngnemquidcmillamacIocux pletem/ed tamcn una,quid praemij debcturqs,qui nobis cotidietorasbibIiothecas,totosque,utitadixcnm,hbro* rum mundos in omni gcnerelinguarumacliterarumfub* miniftrantc' Atquehuiusquidemlaudispraecipua portiodebetur huius poen^diui^ ni dixerim opificq repertoribus, quorum princepsfuiftefertur,totiusaeui memoria celebrandus, IOANNES FAV ST,auuseius,cuiLiuiumhunc,fumaudum auobusuoluminibus, turn innumerislodsexcodiceuetuftiftimocaftigarumdebe^ mus,ut hoc egregium decus partim adlOANNEM SCHEFFER;, uelut harreditarioiure deuoluatur, partim ad Moguntiaci ciuitatis,& alias multis nomf ni - bui!bcIyrae,gloriapertineat.EtenimfideIaudereperti tormetCquod nouo uocabulo Bombarda uocant,nonpauci ccrtanr, quanto iuftius Laudibus uenendi funt, qucjru in duftria,pu!cherrimumhoceruditionisacueraefehdtatisinftrumentumconugitc’ Af ucutinam utinuenmmefteximium,ita nonnifi libris 5 acdifciplinisegregrjsexcux endis dedicetur. Atque hie rurfum malim lie rerum monumentis reftituendis,quam rtouisadglomerandisoperamdari.Tametfi nondefunt his quoque temporibusfa^ teor, qui feribant haud indigna pofteris. Inhuius igitur pulcherrimae laudis ftudium incumbat noftra Germania, cui multos bonos authores ab inferis in lucem reuocatos cum olim debet orbis, turn nuper ComelqTaciti libros ahquot,pergat ex tarn uafto II brorumacdifdphnarumomniOincendio,exinauditonaurragio,exmiferabiliruinaj fragmenta,quadicet,rapere,rumpaturutiiia Codrisiftis,quicumrurfusinhoccon foirarunt, ut Tub praetextu tuenda: reh'gionisquicquid eft elegantioris eruditiorus co Ipurcent atque extinguant, nihil ahucTaftequentur,quam ut quod oppugnantred^ aantilluftrius,&fuumliuoreftoliditati parem magisacmagis denobilitent. Hanc laudemexpetantGermani principes,haaenusornametisreiDeIhcaeabudecIarKFu* it hoc olim regum ftudium , aueextrudis pontibus,aut communitis fluminum ripis , autahodedudisamnibus,tum thermis,porticibus ,baniicis,aquaedudibus,ftratis urjs,oppidis eredis , aliouequopiam infigni monumento fui memoria pofteris relin quere,nunc fere ex miferandis urbiumacuicorumruinis,cx uaftatisatqueincenfis agris nobiles funt . Belli gloria turn ueru habet decus , cum ad id coegit neceftitas,aut patriae pietas,huius laudis Temper paratafeges eft,net»defuntexempla.Hucprouocat infignisillenobilitatispariteracreligionisantiftes ALBERTV SCardinalis8£ ArchiepifcopusMoguntinenfis. HuccIariftimusSaxoniaedux F I DE R I C VS, nequid interim dica de notae inferioris proceribus. Porro tametfi ex hac editione non ita multum accelTitTito Liuio, tamen habenda non mediocris gratia primu incompa rabiliuiroT HEODORICO TZOB EL aedis MoguntinaefummaeScho Iaftico,8£ Reuercdifs.domimMoguntih.Vicario,auifinguIari ftudiocurauithoclau disfuaeciuitati aftcrere,deindenonuuIgaritereruditouiroNicoIaoCarbachio,qufn quennium iamTitumLiuiupublicofalariofumma cum Iaudeprofitenti,turh VoL phango Angufto,aquibus quantum laboris exhauftum fit , dum ex codice non feri pto,fedpido cogunturaddiuinarequidfitlcgcndum,diflficilefueric aeftimare. Nul-i- lum autem tarn deprauatum exemplar , unde folers coniedator non multa queat refti tuere . Proindeiuuenes optimi Liuiu ilium olim orbis delirium s ueluti renatumemix te,compledimini,Iegite,edifcite,prarterubemmamrerum geftarumcognitionem, haud mcdiocremeloquentiarfrudu lucrifaduri. Bene ualete. VII. CAL. MART. AN. M. D. X I X. a iii 4 * Facsimile No. 9 28 MAINZ posterity by founding the library of Alexandria, famous, it is true, and richly stored, but still one library only, what recognition is due to those who every day supply us with whole libraries, with whole worlds of books, so to speak, in every tongue and in every depart- ment of literature? And of this praise the largest part is due to the inventors of this art, almost divine, as I may call it, of whom the first, well worthy of a place in the memory of all time, is said to have been John Fust, the grandfather of him to whom we owe this edition of Livy, enriched with two additional books, and cor- rected in countless passages from the readings of a very old manu- script. Thus this great honor in part belongs to John Schoeffer, to whom it descends as by right of inheritance ; in part enhances the glory of Mainz, a city of fame in many other respects as well. For if not a few are rivals for the distinction of having invented the engine which by a new term is called a bombard, how much more justly are they to be extolled by whose industry this noble in- strument of learning and true happiness has become ours ! And as the invention is noble, I trust it may be dedicated solely to the publish- ing of worthy books and the furthering of liberal studies. And here again I think we should rather strive to make secure the writings of the past than to add to them those of the present, though I admit that in these days also there are some who write in a manner not unworthy of preservation. Let therefore our Germany, to whom the world has long owed the return of many excellent authors from darkness to light, and in more recent times the recovery of several books of Cornelius Tacitus, bend her energies to the attainment of this high praise ; let her proceed to rescue what fragments she may from a conflagration of all books and records of knowledge so wide- spread, from a wreck so unparalleled, from a downfall so sad, to the end that those Codri may burst with envy, who, after they have again conspired together to depredate and destroy, under pretense of upholding religion, all that exists of more elegant learning, will accomplish naught, save to render more illustrious the object of their attack, and to bring into ever greater disrepute their own malice, which indeed resembles stupidity. MAINZ 29 1551 10 Livy — Romische Historie. (Printed by Ivo Schoeffer.) The first edition of this German translation of Livy (by Ivo Wittig) was printed by Schoeffer in 1505. Other editions followed in 1514, 1523, 1531, 1533, and 1351. In all of them the dedication to the Emperor Maximilian says (see facsimile No. 1 1): In that city [Mainz] the wonderful art of printing was first in- vented by the ingenious John Gutenberg in the year of our Lord 1450, and afterward in the same Mainz by the industry, money, and labor of John Fust and Peter Schoeffer, practically applied and permanently established. Therefore not only throughout the Ger- man nation, but also throughout all the world, this city should be praised and lauded for all time as well-deserving, and the citizens and inhabitants of the same should enjoy their due consideration. Facsimile No. io kffat (oteeymm Sberfiea ^atipfmbeegtrar bep t>*yltgen RJmsfdtor &ad)e) $ts $nfcbt«fl)en/wie can tyuuo: bet; gletcbm/PaleauetTIadmus feat fyftotien/von metcfltdjat gefcbrefjten rfi fpttfcben/bem Xeyfer betio / mb piinm& fem wetrcif von bcr natntltcben £)tftot:*n dto Xte fpaflarto $u#?fd)atbm rrwb gcfcbtcft babeiv ©old) ioetd alter mec \)s> ftgpet; &<$mg(bae sfinot an wet&omgltcbe ttlaitRat e^en/ba^ft ^mrflen mb ^>erm/aud) (ftemeynben mb @mten Ceurfcber Hatton/ 3fl nflije iff feutfd) bmcbt/vnb trmbediblidjeti part fc)lcynt$ gef vctigt/ mbgetruclft ift) w6U etvct Hi* Z17ay. gncbtgltd) auffnetmtt:Jnnrvel> lid?a ffattavcbatifmgflid) bte wuitbet:baim C&uttenberg/bo man salt itacl^ mfete ^enngebttttf taufent vtcrl)tmbet*mnb frnff&g jar etfunben/Xtob batnac^ mit fIctp/£oft vn arbeyt 3ob ami Jan# (im m pttet@cl)$f]fet:e $& \XUynt$ me were* geb:ad)t/mb beftenbtg gemadjt tfl rvoibm * iDatumb bte felbe flatt md)t alley n bet £eutfd)£t Hatton / fonber and) bet alter welt tmt cwtg* seitcale wolrerbtenet) gepeaft mnb gelobt foil werben / mb bte burgee mnb etnwonet: bofclbfi bad btlltcb garieflen ♦ $ Facsimile No. 1 1 STRASSBURG Trithemius records that after the secret of printing was discovered it spread first to Strassburg ; and P. de Lignamine says in his “Chronicle” that John Mentelin had a press there in 1459. Mentelin, Strassburg’s first printer, had been a scribe and illuminator, like many others of that period. Very few of his books are dated, but rubri- cated or written dates have been found in the first three books described below. Mentelin died in 1478. John Mentelin c. 1465 1 1 Bible, in German (second half only). Folio, 21 1 leaves. From the Barnheim Collection. Hain, *3130. This is the first edition of the Bible in German. c. 1466 12 St. Augustine — De arte predicandi. Folio, 21 leaves. Barn- heim Collection. Hain, *1955. This is one of the rare publications of Mentelin containing his name. In its preface, almost an exact reprint of the preface to an edition of the same work published by Fust, Mentelin’s name replaces that of Fust. 3i 32 STRASSBURG c. 1466 13 St. Chrysostom — Homiliae in Matthaeum. Folio, 251 leaves. Hain, *5034. 1476 14 Vincent of Beauvais— Speculum naturale. Folio, 2 parts, 318 and 327 leaves. Kloss Collection. Brunet V, 1253. The “R" Printer 1 > Another printer in Strassburg, who has been very generally confounded with Mentelin, used a peculiarly shaped capital R. Some consider these books the work of A. Rusch d’Ingwiller, while M. Madden attributes them to the mon- astery of Weidenbach at Cologne. c. 1472 13 Dionysius de Burgo — Declaratio Valerii Maximi. Folio, 370 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *4103. « Henry Eggestein Eggestein’s first dated book was issued in 1471, but he probably began printing at Strassburg almost as soon as Mentelin. c. 1470 1 6 Eusebius — Historia ecclesiastica. Folio, 128 leaves. Barn- heim Collection. Hain, *6708. c. 1474 17 Comestor — Historia scholastica. Folio, 232 leaves. Kloss Collection. Hain, *3529. STRASSBURG 33 John Gruninger (Reinhardt) Gruninger began printing at Strassburg as early as 1483, and continued until 1531. He was one of the most careless printers of that period. c. 1490 18 Cato — Philippi de Pergamo Speculum regiminis alias Catho morilisatus. Folio (42) + 124 + (176) leaves. Kloss Collec- tion. Hain, *4712. f John Schott John was the son of Martin Schott, a Strassburg printer who married a daughter of Mentelin. He was the first to claim, in 1320, that Mentelin was the inventor of printing. He printed from 1500 to 1345. 1504 19 Reisch — Margarita philosophica. Quarto, 325 leaves. Brunet IV, 1200. This curious work — a small popular encyclopedia — contains a number of interesting woodcuts. 5 COLOGNE Cologne disputes with Strassburg the honor of being the second city in which printing was established. The writer of the “Cologne Chronicle,” who claims to have had this infor- mation from Ulrich Zell, tells us that, after Mainz, the first of all towns where printing was established was Cologne, next Strassburg, and then Venice. It is now generally admitted, however, that the first press in Strassburg preceded that in Cologne by several years. We know that Zell, a pupil of Schoeffer, was the first printer settled in Cologne. He set up his press there at least as early as 1466, and continued printing until the end of the century. 20 Caracciolus de Litio — Opus quadragesimale de poenitentia. Folio, 358 leaves (lacks the last leaf). Barnheim Collection. Hain, *4429. This is one of the three or four volumes printed by Zell in which his name appears in the colophon (on leaf 357). Ulrich 1473 34 COLOGNE 35 c. 1480 21 Thomas Aquinas — Summa de articulis fidei et ecclesiae sacra- mentis. Quarto, 15 leaves. Kloss Collection. Hain, *1423. « John Veldener Veldener, who was probably a pupil of Zell, was one of the first printers established in the Netherlands. The following work is without name of place, printer, or date, but is ascribed, probably incorrectly, to Veldener, at Cologne, by Panzer and Hain. c. 1470 22 St. Chrysostom — Super psalmo quinquagesimo. Quarto, 29 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *5030. I Conrad Winters of Homburg Winters began to print at Cologne about 1476. • c. 1478 23 Voragine — Sermones aurei de sanctis. Folio, 203 leaves. Kloss Collection. Holtrop, 214. c. 1480 24 Nider — Manuale confessorum. Quarto, 75 leaves. Kloss Collection. Hain, * 1 1 ,84 1 . c. 1480 25 Nider — Tractatus de morali lepra. Quarto, 101 leaves. Kloss Collection. Hain, *1 1,817. 5* 3 6 COLOGNE c. 1480 26 Nider — Tractatus de contractibus mercatorum. Quarto, 30 leaves. Kloss Collection. Hain, *1 1,826. f John Guldenschaff Guldenschaff was a printer at Cologne from 1477 to 1487. 1483 27 Petrus de Harentals — Expositio super libro psalmorum. Folio, 401 leaves (lacks first leaf). Kloss Collection. Hain, 8365. Holtrop, 261. John Koelhoff Koelhoff, who was a native of Lubeck, was established at Cologne as a prin- ter in 1472. He was one of the first to use printed signatures. He was one of the mos* industrious printers of the last quarter of the fifteenth century. 1499 28 Cologne Chronicle — Die Cronica van der hilliger Stat Coellen. Folio, 366 leaves. Hain, *4989. This famous “Chronicle,” with its quaint woodcuts, contains on leaves 31 1 and 312 a long and interesting account of the origin of printing, from which the following is an extract (see facsimile No. 12): This highly valuable art was discovered first of all in Germany, at Mainz on the Rhine. And it is a great honor to the German nation that such ingenious men are found among them. 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COC C CCpcig.fardS ?en $tc ftnijl vticf to 30 (Coellc &me* Facsimile No. 12 Btl 4 tu itobiltfftmntu 4cctu inncttonc.p cctctta mm'omtnia i43p:^cmcnjcc4tc^tmt4 (Sctmnnmlnu&e^qtt^!? 4 I tec4 cct bclltca4ltec4pbilofopt)tcc fnnmlnvct ♦ € offat cm oltmbomb4cb46 >*t nojTcio w teponb 9 Cnc^o ejrav p^wboccfIinip^ffo;tartcrcmnobilijfmw ^ccammc v;bc (Oa^uncta fiuffe rcgf4mf Facsimile No. 13 COLOGNE until the year 1450 the art and what is connected with it were being investigated. And in the year of our Lord 1450 it was a golden year, and they began to print, and the first book they printed was the Bible, in Latin; it was printed in a large letter, resembling the letter with which at present missals are printed. Although the art was discovered at Mainz, in the manner as it is now generally used, yet the first prefiguration was found in Holland, in the “ Donatuses,” which were printed there before that time. And from these the beginning of the said art was taken, and it was in- vented in a manner much more masterly and exact than this, and became more and more ingenious. One named Omnibonus wrote in a preface to the book called “ Quinctilianus,” and in some other books too, that a Walloon from France, named Nicholas Jenson, discovered first of all this masterly art ; but that is untrue, for there are those still alive who testify that books were printed at Venice before Nicholas Jenson came there and began to cut and make letters. But the first inventor of printing was a citizen of Mainz, born at Strassburg, and named Junker Johann Gutenberg. From Mainz the art was introduced first of all into Cologne, then into Strassburg, and afterward into Venice. The origin and progress of the art were told me verbally by the honorable Master Ulrich Zell, of Hanau, still printer at Cologne anno 1499, and by whom the said art came to Cologne. . . . Henry Quentell Quentell began printing at Cologne in 1479, and was the most important printer there during the latter part of the fifteenth century. 1501 9 Alexander Gallus (De Villa Dei) — Doctrinale — Glossa nota- bilis, secunda pars. Quarto, 1 14 leaves. Kloss Collection. AUGSBURG The first press at Augsburg appears to have been established by Gunther Zainer, of Reutlingen, and his first dated book was issued in 1468 ; he prob- ably stopped printing in 1475. He was the first to introduce woodcuts generally into books. At least twenty printers were established at Augsburg before 1 500. Gunther Zainer 1471 30 Rodericus (Rodriguez) — Speculum vitae humanae. Folio, 128 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *13,940. c. 1471 31 Vocabularius latino-germanicus. Folio. Barnheim Collection. Panzer 1 , 133, 199. Gothic char. 35 lines, 138 leaves. Fol. 1?: Registru vocabularii sequentis. Fol. 2 b .: Caput | haupt | Est membrum ani-||malis (etc). Fol. 138*, line 31 : Laus deo pax viuis requies eterna sepultis. 1472 32 Isidore of Seville — Etymologiarum libri XX. Folio, 264 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *9273. This was one of the first works printed in Germany with true Roman letters, which were imitated from type cast by Jenson at Venice (see facsimile No. 1 4), c. 1472 33 St. Gregory — Liber epistolarum. Folio, 164 leaves. Hain. *7991. 39 ISIDORI • IVNlORIS HISPALENSIS EPISCOPI EPISTOLA AD BRAVLIONEM CESARAVGV, STAN VM • EPISCOPVM • INCIPIT FELICITER O 0mino meo bZ dei (eruo-Braulioni epifcopo iftdorus epifcopo (Dmm defideno defideraui nunc vidcrc faciem tuam-et vtina aliquando im pie ret deus votu meum anteqm moriar. Ad prefens aute deprecor-vt commendes me dec oratioibus tuis-et ut i bac vita (pern mea impleat-et in futura beatitudinis tueconfortiu micbi concedat- ET • MANV • SVA • Ora pro nobis beatifli me dne et frater BRAVLIO • AD ISIDORVM O (!)mino meo et vere domio xpiq* eledbo lfidoro epoy (ummoBraulio feruus mutilis leruoru dei.(t> pnffw medomie2>C viroru preftantiflime (era eft lnquifido bZ tarde data e micbi (cnbendi optio quia peccatis meis ingru/ entibu9 no modo ftenhtatis vei inopie malo-veructiam peftis mortalitatis4uis-2£ bofhlitatis quo minus inquirere bornbili (urn prepeditus incurfu. Nunc autem bZG milleneceflitatibus millecunsattntus-poftlongumifenetepusvelut ab improbi (bporisCvt ita dixemroguedie (ulcitatusiftius mee (uggeftiois affatibusdependere prelumo (alutis ob(equiu-2^ cordis bZ cor / pans bumilitate proftratus imprecans excellentiflima tuebea/ titudinispoteftatem-ut peculiarem famulum tuumquem pio (acre dignationis intuitu temper babuifh (ufceptu • v(q* in tine habere rnbeas commendatu.Nam egocxps nouiOgraui dolore dilcrucior- q? emenfo tempore tarn prolixo vel nunc veftru no mereor videreconfpedtu- (ed (peroin ilium q non obliuifcetur miferennec repellit \ finemquia exaudiet praeccm pauperis-et veftro miferu me reprefentabit afpecftuuSuggero laneet omni/ moda fupplicationedepofco- utlibros etbimologiarum quos lam deo tauete audmimusconfumatos-,pmiflionis veftrc me/ mores (eruo veftro dingere lubeatis-qa ut micbi fum confaus magna lbi ex parte ferui tui poftulatione fudafh bZ ideo in me pnmum exifte mum ficus- u c in lancftorum caetjbus bZ toelix Facsimile No. 14 AUGSBURG 4i 1473 34 Comestor — Historia scholastica. Folio, 220 leaves. Hain, *553i. One of the earliest books with printed initial letters. Anthony Sorg Sorg began printing in Augsburg in 1475, and issued a great number of books between that year and 1493. 1475 35 Nider — Expositio decalogi. Folio, 304 leaves. Kloss Collec- tion. Hain, *11,789. John Baemler Baemler, who had been a scribe and rubricator, settled in Augsburg as a printer in 1472, and worked until 1493, printing a large number of books. 1476 36 St. Gregory — Dialogus — Visio tundali, etc. (in German). Folio, 192 leaves (lacks the first leaf). Kloss Collection. Hain, *7971. f Monastery of SS. Ulric and Afra About 1472 Melchior de Stanheim, head of the monastery of SS. Ulric and Afra, purchased some presses, and began to print with types which seem to have been borrowed from other printers in Augsburg. 6 4 ^ AUGSBURG c. 1475 37 Salomo — Glossae. Folio, 287 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *14, 134. Although this book is usually attributed to the monastery of SS. Ulric and Afra, it seems more likely to have been printed at Ulm by John Zainer. Its woodcut capital letters are not found in any other book printed at this mon- astery, while Zainer frequently makes use of capital letters. John Froschauer Froschauer seems to have printed at Augsburg from 1 494 to 1519. 1496 38 St. Methodius — Opusculum divinarum revelationum. Quarto, 45 leaves. Hain, *1 1, 120. c. 1496 39 Wimpfeling — Oratio querulosa contra invasores sacerdotum. Quarto, 8 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *16,194. On leaf 3 is the following passage (see facsimile No. 13): Long since has Germany, above all other nations, deserved spe- cial praise for her invention of two most noble arts, of which the one furthered the ends of war, the other those of philosophy. For it is well known that at Mainz, a noble city of Germany, the bom- bard was many years ago invented, and in our times chalcography, i. e., the art of printing. NUREMBERG The first printers in Nuremberg were John Sensenschmidt and Henry Keffer, of Mainz, the latter a servant of Gutenberg. Their first dated book is the one described below (No. 42.), in which the words of the colophon are copied exactly from the “ Catholicon,” which is considered to have been printed by Gutenberg. John Sensenschmidt and Henry Keffer 1470 40 F. de Retza — Codex egregius Comestorii viciorum. Folio, 287 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *13,884. 1471 41 St. Chrysostom — De patientia Job. Folio, 68 leaves. Barn- heim Collection. Hain, *5026. 1472 42 St. Bonaventura — De sacra scriptura. Folio. Barnheim Col- lection. Hain, 3472. Gothic char. 39 lines, 69 leaves. Fol. i f : Incipit breuilo quiu fratris boneuenture de sacra scriptura. Fol. 64 b : Domini boneueture doctoris deuoti breuiloquiu nurmberge fidelit II impressunrsuma cp diligentia cor- rectu Explicit felicit. Anno incar- II nationis domini. M.cccc.lxxii. quarto idus februarii. 6 43 44 NUREMBERG Frederick Creussner Creussner and Anthony Koberger, the two most important printers of Nu- remberg, began to print there in 1472. They seem to have been closely connected, for Creussner sometimes uses Koberger’s types. c. 1490 43 Grammatellus pro juvenum eruditione. Quarto, 13 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *7854. Anthony Koberger Koberger, who began printing in Nuremberg about 1472, was one of the most important printers and booksellers of the fifteenth century. He is said to have employed twenty-four presses at Nuremberg, besides having books printed for him in other cities. 1477 44 St. Anthoninus — Summa theologiae, Secunda pars. Folio, 321 leaves. Hain, *1242. 1482 45 Boniface VIII — Liber VI decretalium. Folio, 1 17 leaves. Kloss Collection. Hain, *3603. i486 46 /Eneas Sylvius — Epistolae familiares. Quarto, 244 leaves. Hain, *154. 1492 47 St. Vincent — Sermones de tempore et de sanctis. Folio 207 + 135 + 252 leaves. Hain, 7008. 1493 48 Schedel — Buch der Croniken. Folio, 10 + 286 + 1 leaves. Hain, *14,510. This curious book, known as the “ Nuremberg Chronicle,” is a summary of the history, geography, and wonders of the world. Although containing ©as fecbfr alter 5? *> ^ 23 c j» o w u i* li^S'ES^sf •H O. 2 •$ a § S 6 »g £ f f|A3 1 5 E c -° a kE S-o« cSQ.^c* c> ISi'5«Se« r j|ij* ali S |.| 8 ff jm, «*“ 5 W/j^-g s «S§£ : ? 8 -f »£ ■S- 2 FF -5 5 8 ~ - »3.S i‘0'0^ Chic'S “a-ig-SoIllBg <£. a vO £ *$ *£ a C £? siv?R Is "Ig-I ’£ a. £ *■* £^S W tO 5 ffy § -C" J? ^jc» ® .H? 5 89.5 g-§ 8^-§ 3-2^ ttl w . j2-« i g 2 2 S « §e^J -§;8 »2 .£<§;•& -£:£ £ » Sen w 5 ^ ^ F S £ § — F\o "2 ^ r* <** +n Ol w *aw m*~ ia -5 to Facsimile No. is 46 NUREMBERG more than two thousand impressions of woodcuts, not more than three hundred blocks were used, for the same cut often serves for the portrait of different persons, and views of cities in Greece and Syria are repeated for those in France and Germany. Nearly all are of small value, although the work of Wohlgemuth, the master of Durer. The Club has also a copy of this work in Latin printed in the same year. On leaf 252 verso is the statement that printing was invented at Mainz in the year 1440 (see facsimile No. 1 5). TRANSLATION The art of printing originated in Germany in the city of Mainz, situated on the Rhine, in the year of Christ 1440, and then spread quickly through all countries of the world. By means of this inven- tion the precious treasures of knowledge and wisdom which have long lain hidden in the old written books, as it were in the grave of ignorance, unknown to the world, have now come forth to the light. Thus, too, much more excellent and, for ordinary use, more needful and helpful books, which formerly were not to be produced at slight expense, may now be obtained for a small sum. Had this art been discovered earlier and come into general knowledge and use, un- doubtedly not a few books of Livy, T ully, and Pliny, and of other learned men, would not have been lost through negligence and lapse of time. And, since the inventors from time to time in the field of the mechanical arts are worthy of no little commendation, who can adequately express with what commendation, praise, honor, and fame the Germans should be extolled, who by their intelligence and in- genuity have devised and discovered this art of printing through which the long-dosed spring of the inestimable knowledge of divine as well as human wisdom has been made accessible to the people at large. 1494 49 Homelarius doctorum. Quarto, 1 + 241 + 2 + 106 leaves. Hain, *8792. 1494 50 Modus legendi abbreviaturas in utroque jure. Quarto, 166 leaves. Hain, *i 1,486. 1496 51 Vocabularius juris utriusque. Quarto. Panzer 11 , 220, 263. Gothic char., 2 col., 47 lines, 151 leaves (lacks 1 leaf, sig. s 2 ), signatures a 8 to t 8 . Fol. 1? (title): Vocabularius vtriusq* iuris. Fol. 1 52^ (col.): Facsimile No. 1 6 48 NUREMBERG Explicit vocabulary iuris Impressus || Nurenberge per Anthoniu koberger p | comuni omniu vtilitate z faciliori aditu || ad vtriuscp iuris noticiaz. Anno domini || M.cccc.xcvi. Finitus in vigilia visitati || onis Marie. Albert Dtirer Albert Durer, painter, etcher, engraver, sculptor, architect, and engineer, was also a printer and publisher. Aided probably by his godfather, Anthony Koberger, he set up a press in his own house, on which he printed the text of his wonderful engravings. After his death in 1528, his widow carried on the business for several years. 1527 52 Durer — Etliche underricht zu befestigung der Stett, Schloss und Flecken. Folio, 27 leaves, 10 of which are folding. Barn- heim Collection. Brunet II, 913. This interesting treatise on the fortification of towns, castles, and places, is beautifully illustrated with large woodcuts, and on the title-page are the arms of King Ferdinand 1 of Hungary and Bohemia (see facsimile No. 16). It is claimed that the modern German system of fortification is based on the principles laid down by Durer. Dance of Death — Reduced facsimile, “Nuremberg Chronicle” ULM At an early date Ulm was an important center for wood-engraving, and sev- eral block-books are known to have been produced there. The earliest printer mentioned in a book dated at Ulm is John Zainer (no doubt a relative of Gunther Zainer), whose first dated book was issued in 1473. He continued printing until 1315. John Zainer 1481 53 St. Bonaventura — Sermones de tempore et de sanctis. Folio, 427 leaves. Kloss Collection. Hain, *3513. % E1CHSTADT The first printer of Eichstadt was Michael Reyser, whose first dated book was issued in 1478. Michael Reyser c. 1480 54 Thomas Aquinas — Secunda Secundae (the second volume of his “ Summa theologiae ”). Folio, 320 leaves. Kloss Collec- tion. Hain, *1455. \ 7 49 BASLE Basle was the first city of Switzerland into which printing was introduced, perhaps as early as 1465. The first printer there was Berthold Rodt, or Ruppel, of Hanau, who is thought to be the same as the “ Bertolff von Han- auwe " who figures as a servant of Gutenberg. The only book in which his name appears is the one described below (see facsimile No. 25). Berthold Ruppel c. 1473 55 Conradus de Mure — Repertorium vocabularum. Folio, 147 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *i 1,642. John Froben Froben was one of the most celebrated printers of his times. His editions were carefully revised, and were eagerly sought for by the best scholars in Europe. His first dated book, issued in 1491, was a Latin Bible, in octavo, the first ever printed in this form. Froben died in 1 527. His device consists of the caduceus held by two hands issuing from clouds. It is very possible that this mark was designed by Hans Holbein, for he was in intimate association with Froben when the latter first used this device. DE INVTE NTORIBV S RfiRVM \ f 5ut etta plures hodie in Italia bibliotheca?.Sed ilia in primis omniu iudicio loti, gecejeberrima:qua diuus Federicas Feltrias Dux Vrbini codidit.qua mox Guido Princeps dus fili^lux dotftrinaru fulgetiffima.ac unicu docftiflimoru hominu pradi did cu auro atramcnti genere,quo nunc impreftores tantu utuntur.Decimofexto deinde an no.qui Fuit falutis human* quinquagefimus o(ftauus,fupra millefimCf ac quadringe telimujquida nomine Conradus.homo itide Germanus.Roma primo in Italia at' tulit.qua dein Nicolaus Ienfon Gallicus primus miru in modum llluftrauit.quae paf fim hactepeftateg totfl ferdterraru orbem floret. de qua pluraloquendilabore fu/ perfedeo,eius inuentoreacfimul uade ad nos deiata werit,prodidifle>haudmepa rum fedfleratus.cu ea omnibus longe notiffima fit,qu*,ppterea ut ab initio no mi norequaeftucfc hominu admiratioe uulgariincepit:ficpaulatim (uelutauguror) fu/ tura eft uilior. Facsimile No. 17 52 BASLE I5M 56 Bible, in Latin. Folio, 14 + 351 +28 leaves. Panzer VI, 192, 125. 1517 57 Rhodiginus (Ricchieri) — Lectionum antiquarian libri XVI. Folio, 40 1 . + 862 p. + 1 1 . Kloss Collection. Brunet IV, 1269. Dedicated to Grolier. 1524 58 Polydore Virgil — Liber adagiorum eiusdem de inventoribus rerum. Folio, 6 + 100 + 6 + 94 leaves. Panzer VI, 245, 542. In Book II, Chap. 7 (“De Inventoribus Rerum”), Gutenberg is mentioned as the inventor of printing. This is a correction of the statement in the first edition, printed in 1499, that the inventor was “a German, a certain Peter” (see facsimile No. 17). TRANSLATION There are to-day in Italy many more libraries; but by general consent that one is by far the most famous which, founded by Federigo Feltro, Duke of Urbino, of blessed memory, was afterward enriched and adorned with gold and silver, and with store of books, by Prince Guido, his son, a shining light of learning and a peerless patron of scholars. This library then was undoubtedly a great gift to mankind, yet it is by no means to be compared with the benefits we have in our time received from the discovery of a new kind of writing. For what could scarcely be written out in a whole year by several scribes can now be printed in a single day by a single worker. In consequence of this, so great a store of books upon all subjects of human knowledge has been brought within our reach, that there can no longer be any work which a man, however needy, can feel the lack of. Consider, too, that very many authors, both Greek and Latin, have thus been rescued from all possible danger of destruction. The maker, therefore, of so important a discovery should not be robbed of his rightful praise, to the end especially that after ages may know to whom they ought to ascribe this divine boon. It was, then, John Gutenberg, by birth a German, a man of knightly estate, as we are told by his countrymen, who, first of all men, in a town of Germany called Mainz, devised this art of making impressions of letters ; and in that town the new art began its ca- reer, for the same inventor, as report has it, by search no less per- BASLE 53 sistent discovered a new kind of ink which printers now use so much. In the sixteenth year thereafter, which was the one thousand four hundred and fifty-eighth of our Salvation, one Conrad by name, also a German, first introduced the art into Italy at Rome. It was then first brought into notable repute by Nicholas Jenson, a Frenchman, and at this day flourishes throughout almost the whole world. I spare myself the trouble of speaking further concerning it, thinking that I have done not a little in recording the name of its inven- tor, together with the place from which it was brought to us. For the art itself is quite familiar to all, and for that reason, though at the outset it began to spread abroad no less to the wonder than to the gain of mankind, is destined, I foresee, gradually to become somewhat commonplace. « Andrew Cratander Cratander printed at Basle from 1 5 1 8 to 1 536. 1522 59 Pomponius Mela — De situ orbis. Folio, 20 1 . + 220 p. + 44 1 . Panzer VI, 233, 441. 1526 60 Pliny — Epistolae — Panegyricus. Duodecimo, 12 1. + 551 p. + 20 1 . Panzer VI, 255, 629. ROME Printing was introduced into Rome in 1467 by Schweinheim and Pannartz, and before the end of the century more than thirty-seven printers had been established in that city. Adam Rot Rot seems to have printed in Rome from 1471 to 1474. 1472 61 Petrucius de Senis — Disputationes. Folio, 240 leaves. Barn- heim Collection. Hain, *12,842. * John Philip de Lignamine De Lignamine, who was house-physician to Pope Sixtus IV, had established a printing-office in Rome in 1471. The first portion of the following “Chronicle, down to 1 ) 12 , is ascribed to Ricobaldus ; the continuation is by De Lignamine himself. 54 lacobus cognomto Gutenbergo-.patria Argeatinus be quidam alter cai nomen Fuftus imprimenday: littera^c in mem/ brants cum metalltcis formis perttt tre/ centas cartas quifg; eo^ p diem facer© innotefeut apud Maguntia Germanij ciuitatem. Iobannes quocj Mentelinus nuncupatus apud Argentinam eiufdem ,puinri£ ciuitatem :ac in eodem artificio peritus totidem cartas g diem iprimere agnofettur. Facsimile No. 18 Conradus Suueynem:ac Arnoldus pan arez Vdalricus Gailus parte ex alia Teu tbones librarti infignes Roma uenietes primi imprimendorum ltbrorum artem in Italiam introduxere trecetas cartas per diem tmprementes. Facsimile No. 19 s6 ROME 1474 62 De Lignamine — Chronica summorum pontificum. Quarto, 129 leaves (lacks leaf 129). Hain, *10,857. This is the rare first edition of a work made famous by reason of its containing one of the very earliest allusions in print to Gutenberg, on leaf 120. Guten- berg and Fust at Mainz, and Mentelin at Strassburg, are mentioned as having printed books during the pontificate of Pius II, about 1459 (see facsimile No. 18). James, surnamed Gutenberg, a native of Strassburg, and a certain other whose name was Fust, having attained skill in making im- pressions of letters upon parchment by means of metal types, be- come known at Mainz, a city of Germany, as the printers each of three hundred leaves a day. John also, styled Mentelin, at Strass- burg, a city of the same country, a skilful worker in the same art, comes into notice as the printer of just as many leaves a day. On leaf 1 2 5 is a reference to the first printers in Italy (see facsimile No. 1 9) : Conrad Schweinheim and Arnold Pannartz, and also, from an- other section, Ulrich Hahn, all Germans and copyists of note, came to Rome and were the first to introduce into Italy the art of printing books. They printed three hundred leaves a day. Stephen Planck Planck printed at Rome from 1479 t0 1 499 - He was the first printer of the Columbus letter of 1493, which gave to the world the news of the great discovery. 1480 63 Laurentius Valla — De lingue latine elegantia. Quarto, 224 leaves. Hain, 15,811. c. 1480 64 Datus — Elegantiolae. Quarto, 20 leaves. Hain, *5971. VENICE The first printer at Venice was doubtless John of Speyer, whose first book was issued in 1469. Between 1470 and 1480 at least fifty printers were at work in Venice, and before the end of the century more than two hundred printers had been in business there, and the number of books printed has been estimated at two million volumes. Nicholas Jenson The most important of the early printers was Nicholas Jenson, a Frenchman. Jenson was sent to Mainz in 1458 by Charles Vll to learn the new art of printing, but he does not seem to have settled in France, for we first hear of him as a printer in Venice, in 1 470. He was famous for the extraordinary beauty of his Roman type. He began to use Gothic type in 1474, probably owing to its great saving of space, and his publications in this type are also splendid specimens of the printer’s art. Jenson died in 1480. 1478 65 Bartolus de Saxo Ferrato — Lectura super prima parte digesti novi. Folio. Panzer III, 1 35, 329. Gothic char., 2 col., 60 lines, 180 leaves (lacks 4 leaves, q 7 & q 8 and r 1 & r 2 ). Signatures a 8 to y 8 & z 10 . Fol. 1? (sig. a 2 ): ( ) omini || ut scitis hie no est caput 1 totius copilatiois: x ideo || (etc. ). Fol. 184^ (col.): Explicit lectura dni Barto. de saxoferrato || sup prla parte, ff. noui optime emedata venetiis || im- pressa per Nicolaum Jenson gallicum. Anno dni. M.cccc.lxxviii. VENICE 1480 66 Thomas Aquinas — De veritate fidei catholicae. Folio, 194 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *1389. f Erhard Ratdolt Ratdolt of Augsburg, one of the most wonderful masters of the art of printing during the fifteenth century, was one of the earliest to introduce wood- engraving into books. In 1476 he and his partners, Peter Loslein and Ber- nard Pictor, began their work together by printing a Calendarium with the first ornamental title-page known. Their work became famous for the beauty of its type and illustrations. They separated in 1478, and Ratdolt continued printing alone, publishing many illustrated books on astronomy and astrology, both in Venice and in Augsburg, whither he returned in i486. f Ratdolt, Loslein, and Pictor 1477 67 Appian — De bellis civilibus romanis. Quarto, 211 leaves. Hain, *1307. A beautiful example of typography, excellent alike for its paper, type, ink, and general finish. The border of the title-page of the present catalogue is taken from this book. * Ratdolt 1480 68 Werner Rolewinck — Chronica seu fasciculus temporum. Folio, 7 + 68 leaves. Hain, *6926. The first edition of this popular chronicle was published in 1474 at Cologne, and many editions followed. This edition, by Ratdolt, contains flowered capitals and several curious illustrations ; among them is one of the earliest views of Venice, showing the ducal palace. CTpnert fcl micbaelis gegrinant cn magno feruo:e per turmas via loga ad marc.-: fir tio? cuctl nefpus nequi agitarct eoa :fed ftati ceiTauitjpf tcdiu itincris:: fame qua patiebant.i4f 7.: ano pcedenri fuu mapim 0 terre> mot* in neapoli:: perierut multi. 40 milla. C artifices mira cclcritatefubtiiio:csfolitofiut.£ti« prefibzee tibroc multiplicand in terra. G&efo:matio magna plunmop monafteriop i oiucr/ fis madi partita 9 fir. £t nora q> buinfmoi refotmatioea G*£>ueUa noic ftiua in gtib’QJeftpbalicl ofpido q6 ba» mo of ogte ac \?i(Timc ftigm 3 ta onice paiTtois bun i ma nib’ t psdib? ac latere:virgo nouit ouerfa ino.f. 14x540° fpadu aut 1 5 bebdomodap circa feflu a-nerabif fach co ra 1 2 tcftib’ortdit ca:: pdtjew q? p 9 ouae boras rcdirer.Qa tuc no iuemret ear: fle factii fui t qa loca ilia fanata eric GXeodiumultie tribiUati6ib ,> attcnf:‘:p 9 ino.i46$.oc/ firuif totalit pkarolu ouce burgudic.: omit ano pcede: ti:ctii ide ano 73 .intrauic terra gelnc:* obtmuit earn . Facsimile No. 20 jfrio.OXcCccdvn.t ano peederi fuitmajrim?frcmot^in ncapoltT gicrr.ilCD.poim, CZXtbJoy nnpfTioms feia fubtihfilma oibusfcculieinaudita circa 6 iga repertf inina gutia .5 i ar& aptiu feia feiarp.g cui’ccleritat] crcrcitation c tpefaur? oefi derabilip fapte fie t fcicqueoeepolcs g mftujctu nature ocfidcrat.qli be pfudislatibularu tenebaa jpliiiee. mtidu puc inmaligno polirt Oita t gif t iUumtat, 13trt? ctcrii infinita libiorp q qnoda atpcmsvcl panft ? .ca\lqjtludnafiucbibhotpcctofams pauciflimis qbufdaj fhidiofismamtclUfuit.g paciii oitnbu.pplbmatoe.t lingua vbi^oumlgat. tea vt venflime implaii ccmim’ illud qb C? < pucrb.i.©apia fond pdicat.m platcmoat voces fua.tn capitc rurbaru daimtat.uvfont^poaaru vrb’.s^fcii tfba fua oiccns.vfcpq par uuli oiligms tnfaima.TC.Quauie #opo:coe fgncrcmargarttaefc\am’ t mpiltnpoc pnidetis Icdif ©pinio.qminus oblatas pgat margaritas. Facsimile No. 2 1 8 * 6o VENICE On leaf 64, under the year 1457, is the following reference to printing (see facsimile No. 20) : Workmen are rapidly becoming intelligent beyond their wont, and printers of books are multiplying in the world. In 1481 a new edition of this chronicle was issued, with additions by Wirtzburg de Vach, the passage on printing being much longer. The Club owns an undated edition (printed in France about 1490), in which this ex- tended passage appears (see facsimile No. 21). In the year 1457, as in the year before, there was a great earth- quake at Naples, and forty thousand persons perished. The truly ingenious art of printing books — an art unheard of in all previous ages — is in these days discovered at Mainz. This is the art of arts, the science of sciences. For through the swift work of the printing-press an inestimable store of wisdom and knowledge, which all men instinctively crave, brought suddenly, as it were, out of the utter darkness of its hiding-place, equally en- riches and enlightens this our world, now fallen on evil days. For the unlimited power of books, which formerly at Athens or at Paris and other universities, or in monastic libraries, was appre- ciated only by the very few possessed of studious tastes, is through this art everywhere made known, in every tribe, people, nation, and tongue, so that we see that literally fulfilled which we read in the first chapter of Proverbs: “Wisdom crieth without; she uttereth her voice in the streets : She crieth in the chief places of concourse, in the openings of the gates of the city she uttereth her words, say- ing, How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity ? ” etc. Now, although we know that swine disdain pearls, the mind of a wise man is in no wise thereby hindered from hoping that pearls will be offered to him. 1482 69 Pomponius Mela — De situ orbis. Quarto, 48 leaves. Hain, *1 1,019. 1483 70 Buch der zehn Geboten. Folio, 3 + 78 leaves. Hain, *4034. 1484 71 Regiomontanus (Muller) — Ephemerides astronomicae ab 1484 ad 1506. Quarto, 332 leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *13,791. VENICE 6 John of Cologne and John Manthen of Gerretzheim The early printers of Venice frequently entered into partnerships. John of Cologne, who at one time was associated with Jenson, was a partner of John Manthen from 1473 t0 1480. M74 72 F. de Platea — Opus restitutionum usurarum. Quarto, 150 leaves. Kloss Collection. Hain, *13,038. 1475 73 Caracciolus de Litio — Sermones de timore judiciorum dei. Quarto, 92 leaves. Kloss Collection. Hain, 4467. Holtrop, 412. Adam of Rottweil 1477 74 Johannes Andreas — Questiones mercuriales. Folio. Kloss Collection. Hain, 1058. Gothic char. 2 col., 49 lines, 154 leaves. Signatures a 9 , b to e 10 , f & g 8 , h to p 10 , q 9 . Fol. 1*: ( )on e nouu || Sic Icipit glo. sup || (etc.). Fol. 154’ (col.): Questiones mercuriales sup regulis iuris || Jo. an. impresse venetiis per magistrum || Adam de Rothvil. Anno dhi. M.cccc || lxxvii. quarto nonas Julii : finiut feliciter. Leonard Wild 1478 75 Bible, in Latin. Folio, 453 leaves (lacks three leaves of “ Pro- logus in Bibliam ”). Hain, 3067. Copinger, 34. 6 2 VENICE Bartolomio de Zani de Portesio 1489 76 Pliny — Historia naturale. Folio. Kloss Collection. Hain, 13,107. Roman char. 2 col., 60 lines, 259 leaves. Signatures a 2 to 12 , b to q 8 , r & s 6 , A to N 8 , O & P 6 . Fol. 1 f (sig. a 2 ): Historia natvrale di. C. Plinio Se || CONDO TRADOCTA DI LINGVA LATINA || IN FIORENTINA PER CHRISTOPHORO || LaNDINO FIORENT1NO AL SERENISSI || MO FERDINANDO RE DI NAPOLI. Fol. 2^9? (col.) Finisse il Libro chiamato Plinio. Vulgare Impres || so in Venesia per Barto- lamio de Zani de Portesio nel || lanno della Natiuita del nostro Signore Jesu Christo || Mcccclxxxix. adi. xii. di Septembre. Finis. John Hamman (Hertzog) 1494 77 Justinian — Institutiones. Octavo, 219 + i leaves. Barnheim Collection. Hain, *9532. f Giambatista da Sessa Da Sessa began printing in Venice about 1490. The book described below is dated 1409, a misprint, perhaps, for 1499. 1499 ? 78 Diogenes Laertius — Vita de fllosofi moralissime. Quarto. Roman char. 41 lines, 32 leaves. Signatures a to d 8 . Fol. if (title): Vita De Filosofi Moralissi || me Et Dele Loro Elegan || tissime Sententie (Device). Fol. 32b. Impressum Fuit Hoc Opus Venetiis Per Joannem Baptistam Sessa 1 Anno Dni M.CCCCVIIII. Die. X. Decembris. (Device.) VENICE 63 Aldus Manutius Aldus Manutius, the great scholar and printer, founder of the celebrated Aldine Press, was born at Bassiano in 1450, and began his career as a printer in Venice in 1494. In 1499 he married the daughter of Andrea de’Torresani (himself a great printer, who had bought in 1479 the printing types of Jen- son), and in 1 500 he founded the Aldine Academy, the home of so many editors, and source of so many scholarly editions of the classics. He died in 1515. His famous device, the anchor and dolphin, was first used in 1 502. It was suggested by the reverse of a silver coin of Vespasian, a specimen of which had been presented to Aldus by his friend Cardinal Bembo. 1502 79 Statius — Statii Sylvarum libri quinque Thebaidos libri duode- cim Achilleidos duo. Octavo, 40 + 256 leaves. Kloss Col- lection. Renouard, p. 35, No. 7. This is Melancthon’s copy, with Latin verses at the beginning and end, written in a beautiful hand. 1502 80 Catullus — Tibullus — Propertius. Octavo, 152 leaves. Re- nouard, p. 39, No. 16. In 1501 Aldus first used his famous italic type, which was a close copy of the handwriting of Petrarch. His Greek type was copied from the handwriting of his friend Marcus Musurus. The compactness of this fine italic character permitted the more general issue of books of small size, thus producing a great innovation in the art of book-making. f Andrea de’ Torresani of Asola After the death of Aldus Manutius, Andrea de’ Torresani directed the Aldine Press, during the minority of his grandson, Paolo. 1527 81 Priscian — Prisciani grammatici caesariensis libri omnes. Quarto, 14 + 299 + 3 leaves. Renouard, p. 103, No. 2. (/) u w U- c-’ PARIS The first printing press in France was set up at Paris about 1470, by three Germans, Ulrich Gering, Martin Crantz, and Michael Friburger. Before the end of the century at least eighty-five printers had been established there. Philip Pigouchet and Simon Vostre The most important productions of the Parisian press of this period were the Books of Hours, which were first issued in 1488 ; and the best known pub- lisher of these books was Simon Vostre, who, with the assistance of the printer and engraver, Philip Pigouchet, began printing these beautiful ser- vice books on vellum, with exquisite borders and illustrations. With them book-production in France may be said to have attained its highest point. 1500 82 Heures 3 l’usage de Paris. Octavo, 132 leaves. Brunet V, 1584, No. 49. This beautiful book, printed on vellum, has Pigouchet’s device on the title-page, nineteen full-page engravings, and borders about each page (see facsimile No. 22 ). 9 65 '////////< I „//«/., r >— x^ / ttiftnt, [y^nu 1 •••tun / , I onn,, lt j f JJ ) J J /\\\y 9 jJ I ' null / Wadrl / ftmn,. / f. m 11 Wr^oLs N. A Cl Facsimile No. 23 LYONS Lyons was the second city in France to receive the art of printing. It found its way there soon after 1470; and about 1489 John Trechsel was estab- lished there. Trechsel died in 1498. John Trechsel 1494 83 William of Occam — Dialogus adversus haereticos. Folio 10 + 276 leaves. Hain, *1 1,938. 66 WESTMINSTER Wynkyn de Worde It is generally conceded that William Caxton was England’s first printer. In 1477 he set up his press in the Almonry at Westminster, and in that year he finished the “ Dictes & Sayengis of the Philosophers,” the first book printed in England. On his death in 1491, his assistant, Wynkyn de Worde, suc- ceeded Aim, and continued printing from the same place at Westminster. He was celebrated not only for the number of his publications, but also for their typographical excellence. We learn from the colophon of the “Vitas Patrum'’ (which is considered one of De Worde’s finest productions) that Caxton was engaged in trans- lating it up to the day of his death. De Worde died in 1 534. 1495 84 Vitas patrum, or the lyves of the olde auncyent holy faders. Folio, 336 leaves (lacks folios 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 352 ; also the table at the end). Lowndes V, 2789. (See facsimile No. 24.) 9* 67 prfata pa:o £ B Uynt pacbompep (eenge that the octipllis petCecuteo I ntp Coo Cf)arpelp tfjaf he neuer mpgbte Itaue rcft.jfje prapco to goo that be tool oe gpue to bptp this prpuelege . that be tteuer mpgbte Clepe.fo tbertoe that npg i)te tbe enmpes of belle lapeD agapnft bytt) tbe tobicbe be oeCpreo to reCpfte as tbe ttronge (z oalpaunt ebamppoo tobt cbe Captb/C^Hetbe tpmr of mp IpfeJ fball pezCecufe mpo enmpes.ano J Cbal tteuer Cede onto tbe tpmc that tbep ben to mp Cubteccop.Sj (ball gpue to then; fomoebe papne / p tbep mapeabpoe to ttoo'place. HnD J Cbal! mabe tbepttj to fall? fender mpfeet. Iptb f> goo gpuetb me (hegtb for to goo to bafaple apenft f betpA* 3 Cbal neuet cede to ptap.fo tbe de v tbe topll of out loto be acoplpdjjed tbangell Cpabe to pacbompep famplietlp/(?beg§nptbc:Cluooam fee to tempote.£aprm jjcjctu ,u mr t CbappeO that tbe bolt mao be •IJ* enge tppraper.tbeangeH rarne « ■ u >fo Cpebe to bptO tn* gulls tujeta fetres Capita Ipjrtu Facsimile No. 24 HAARLEM Lourens Janszoon Coster For many years after the appearance of the first dated book, at Mainz, all that was written about the invention of typography accredited it to Germany. The first exception is an ambiguous paragraph in the “Cologne Chronicle” (1499) reading, in part, as follows: “Although the art was discovered at Mainz, in the manner as it is now generally used, yet the first prefiguration was found in Holland, in the Donatuses, which were printed there before that time.” Many years more elapsed before the Dutch discovery is again referred to. In 1568 Hadrianus Junius wrote in his “Batavia” the wonderful story about Coster and the letters cut in the beech-bark (pp. 255-57). This book, an uncritical compilation, was not published until after the death of Junius in 1588. It contains the first mention of Coster as a printer. Were it not for the existence of Donatuses, which may be those referred to in the “ Cologne Chronicle,” the claim of the Netherlands to the invention of printing would hardly be worthy of serious consideration. As it is, the question is still a vexed one, but with the evidence, both of documents and books, in favor of Germany. 1588 85 Hadrianus Junius — Batavia. Ex officina Plantiniana. Quarto, 9 1., 4i 1 P- 69 IVnte (iter 'wmerit piefcns ftfotte rcqtriias Q%uib-\x noui reforat perlcg-c quob fcquitur Ibertolbuonititebuc impicflciat rn bafilea IVtq^abcathjcftospioti'miBiUc iuh zt Hie quib abdrufum ft biua pDcmata feruanf? €:j:poniHccffcoi fng*eniole fetes Qvuib lacium teucri bis*num quib S*rceia g’eflifc Jbtcterea ma^nus que vitet ocecanus £>\ litet mterbum laris g-autere litellis Difpcriatn fi non bic liter vnus erit Facsimile No. 25 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX /Eneas Sylvius. Epistolae familiares. Nuremberg, Koberger, i486. Quarto No. 46 Alexander Gallus (De Villa Dei). Doctrinale — Glossa notabilis. Cologne, Quentell, 1501. Quarto No. 29 Andreas (Johannes). Questiones mercuriales. Venice, Adam of Rottweil, 1477. Folio No. 74 Anthoninus (St.). Summa theologiae, secunda pars. Nuremberg, Koberger, 1477. Folio No. 44 Appian. De bellis civilibus romanis. Venice, Ratdolt, Loslein & Pictor, 1477. Quarto No. 67 Aquinas — see Thomas Aquinas. Augustine (St.). De arte predicandi. Strassburg, Mentelin, c. 1466. Folio No. 12 Bambergische Halssgerichts Ordenung. Mainz, John Schoefifer, 1508. Folio No. 6 Bartolus de Saxo Ferrato. Lectura super prima parte digesti novi. Venice, Jenson, 1478. Folio No. 65 Bible, in German. (Strassburg, Mentelin, c. 1465.) Folio No. 11 Bible, in Latin. Venice, Leonard Wild, 1478. Folio No. 75 Basle, Froben, 1514. Folio No. 56 Bonaventura (St.). De sacra scriptura. Nuremberg (Sensenschmidt & Keffer), 1472. Folio No. 42 Sermones de tempore et de sanctis. Ulm, J. Zainer, 1481. Folio ...No. 53 Boniface VIII. Liber VI decretalium. Mainz, Peter Schoefifer, 1476. Folio No. 3 Nuremberg, Koberger, 1482. Folio No. 43 71 72 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX Buch der zehn Geboten. Venice, Ratdolt, 1483. Folio No. 70 Caracciolus de Litio. Opus quadragesimale de poenitentia. Cologne, Zell, 1473. Folio No. 20 Sermones de timore judiciorum dei. Venice, John of Cologne & Manthen, 1475. Quarto No. 73 Cato. Philippi de Pergamo Speculum regiminis alias Catho morilisatus. (Strassburg, Griininger, c. 1490.) Folio ..No. 18 Catullus — Tibullus — Propertius. Venice, Aldus, 1502. Octavo No. 80 Chrysostom (St.). Homiliae in Matthaeum. (Strassburg, Mentelin, c. 1466.) Folio No. 13 De patientia Job. Nuremberg (Sensenschmidt & Keffer), 1471. Folio No. 41 Super psalmo quinquagesimo. (Cologne, Veldener (?), c. 1470.) Quarto No. 22, Cologne Chronicle. Cologne, Koelhoff, 1499. Folio No. 28 Comestor (Petrus). Historia scholastica. Augsburg, G. Zainer, 1473. Folio No. 34 (Strassburg, Eggestein, c. 1474.) Folio No. 17 Datus(A.). Elegantiolae. (Rome, Stephen Planck, c. 1480.) Quarto No. 64 Diogenes Laertius. Vita de filosofi moralissime. Venice, J. B. da Sessa, 1499 (?). Quarto No. 78 Dionysius de Burgo. Declaratio Valerii Maximi. (Strassburg, the “ R” printer, c. 1472.) Folio No. 15 Durer. Etliche underricht zu befestigung der Stett, Schloss und Flecken. Nuremberg, 1527. Folio No. 52 Eusebius. Historia ecclesiastica. (Strassburg, Eggestein, c. 1470.) Folio No. 16 Fasciculus temporum : see Rolewinck. Grammatellus pro juvenum eruditione, Nuremberg, Creussner, c. 1490. Quarto No. 43 Gregory (St.). Liber epistolarum. (Augsburg, G. Zainer, c. 1472.) Folio No. 33 Dialogus — Visio tundali, etc. (in German). (Augsburg, J. Baemler)i476. Folio No. 36 Harentals (Petrus de). Expositio super libro psalmorum. (Cologne) Guldenschaff, 1483. Folio No. 27 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 73 Heures a l’usage de Paris. Paris, Pigouchet, 1500. Octavo No. 82 Hieronymus, see Jerome. Homelarius doctorum. Nuremberg, Koberger, 1494. Quarto No. 49 Isidore of Seville. Etymologiarum libri XX. Augsburg, G. Zainer, 1472. Folio No. 32 Jerome (St.). Vitas patrum, or the lyves of the olde auncyent holy faders. Westminster, Wynkyn de Worde, 1495. Folio No. ^4 Justinian. Institutiones. Venice, J. Hamman, 1494. Octavo No. 77 Lignamine (J. P. de). Chronica summorum pontificum. Rome, De Lignamine, 1474. Quarto No. 62 Litio, see Caracciolus. Livy. Romische Historic. Mainz, J. Schoeffer, 1514. Folio No. 7 Mainz, Ivo Schoeffer, 1551. Folio No. 10 Duobus libris auctus cum L. Flori epitome. Mainz, J. Schoeffer, 1518. Folio No. 9 Mela, see Pomponius Mela. Methodius (St.). Opusculum divinarum revelationum. Augsburg, Froschauer, 1496. Quarto No. 38 Modus legendi abbreviaturas in utroque jure. Nuremberg, Koberger, 1494. Quarto No. 50 Monteregio, see Regiomontanus. Muller, see Regiomontanus. Mure (Conradus de). Repertorium vocabularum. Basle, Berthold Ruppel, c. 1473. Folio No. 55 Nider (J.). Expositio decalogi. Augsburg, A. Sorg, 1473. Folio No. 35 Manuale confessorum. Cologne, Conrad Winters, c. 1480. Quarto No. 24 Tractatus de contractibus mercatorum. Cologne, C. Winters, c. 1480. Quarto No. 26 Tractatus de morali lepra. Cologne, C. Winters, c. 1480. Quarto No. 25 Nuremberg Chronicle, see Schedel. Occam, see William of Occam. 10 74 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX Paulus de S. Maria, see S. Maria. Petrucius de Senis. Disputationes. Rome, Adam Rot, 1472. Folio No. 61 Platea (F. de). Opus restitutionum usurarum. Venice, John of Cologne & Manthen, 1474. Quarto No. 72 Pliny. Epistolae — Panegyricus. Basle, Cratander, 1526. Duodecimo No. 60 Historia naturalis. Venice, Zani de Portesio, 1489. Folio No. 76 Polydore Virgil. Liber adagiorum eiusdem de inventoribus rerum. Basle, Froben, 1524. Folio No. 58 Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Venice, Ratdolt, 1482. Quarto No. 69 Basle, Cratander, 1522. Folio No. 59 Priscian. Institutiones grammaticae. Venice, Andrea de’ Torresani, 1527. Quarto No. 81 Regiomontanus. Ephemerides astronomicae. Venice, Ratdolt, 1484. Quarto No. 71 Reisch (G.). Margarita philosophica. Strassburg, J. Schott, 1504. Quarto No. 19 Retza (F. de). Codex egregius Comestorii viciorum. Nuremberg (Sensenschmidt & Keffer), 1470. Folio No. 40 Rhodiginus. Lectionum antiquarum libri XVI. Basle, Froben, 1517. Folio No. 57 Rodericus. Speculum vitae humanae. Augsburg, G. Zainer, 1471. Folio No. 30 Rolewinck (Werner). Chronica seu fasciculus temporum. Venice, Ratdolt, 1480. Folio No. 68 I Salomo. Glossae. (Monastery of SS. Ulric & Afra(?), c. 1475.) Folio No. 37 S. Maria (Paulus de). Dialogus qui vocatur scrutinium scripturarum. Mainz, Peter Schoeffer, 1478. Folio No. 4 Saxo Ferrato, see Bartolus de Saxo Ferrato. Schedel (Hartmann). Buch der Croniken (Nuremberg Chronicle). Nuremberg, Koberger, 1493. Folio No. 48 Statius. Silva; — Thebais — Achilleis. Venice, Aldus, 1502. Octavo No. 79 Sylvius, see /Eneas Sylvius. Thomas Aquinas. Secunda secundae. (Eichstadt, M. Reyser, c. 1480.) Folio No. 54 Summa de articulis fidei. (Cologne, Zell, c. 1480.) Quarto No. 21 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 75 Thomas Aquinas (cont’d). Summa theologiae. Mainz, Peter Schoeffer, 1471. Folio No. 2 Super quarto sententiarum. Mainz, Peter Schoeffer, 1469. Folio No. 1 De veritate fidei catholicae. Venice, Jenson, 1480. Folio No. 66 Trithemius (J.). Compendium sive historiarum de origine regum et gentis francorum. Mainz, John Schoeffer, 1515. Folio No. 8 Liber de triplici regione claustralium. Mainz, Peter of Friedberg, 1498. Quarto No. 5 Valla (Laurentius). De lingue latine elegantia. (Rome, Stephen Planck) 1480. Quarto No. 63 Villa Dei, see Alexander Gallus. Vincent (St.). Sermones de tempore et de sanctis. Nuremberg, Koberger, 1492. Folio No. 47 Vincent of Beauvais. Speculum naturale. (Strassburg, J. Mentelin, c. 1476.) 2 vols. Folio No. 14 Virgil, see Polydore Virgil. Vitas patrum, see Jerome. Vocabularius juris utriusque. Nuremberg, Koberger, 1496. Quarto No. 51 Vocabularius latino-germanicus. (Augsburg, G. Zainer, c. 1471.) Folio No. 31 Voragine (J. de). Sermones aurei de sanctis. (Cologne, Conrad Winters, c. 1478.) Folio No. 23 William of Occam. Dialogus adversus haereticos. Lyons (J. Trechsel), 1494. Folio No. 83 Wimpfeling (J.). Oratio querulosa contra invasores sacerdotum. (Augsburg, Froschauer, c. 1496.) Quarto No. 39 10 * INDEX TO PRINTERS PAGE Aldus Manutius 63 Adam of Rottweil 61 Baemler, John 41 Caxton, William 67 Coberger, see Koberger. Colonia, see John of Cologne. Coster, Lourens Janszoon .... 69 Cratander, Andrew 53 Creussner, Frederick 44 Durer, Albert 48 Eggestein, Henry 3 2 Friedberg, see Peter of Friedberg. Froben, John 50 Froschauer, John 42 Fust, John. . 15,22,24,28,29,56 Gering, Ulrich 65 Gerretzheim, see Manthen. Gruninger, John ^3 Guldenschafif, John ^6 Gutenberg, John . 15, 29, 38, 52, 56 Hahn, Ulrich 56 Hamman, John 62 Hertzog, see Hamman. Homborch, see Winters. Jenson, Nicholas 38, 53, 57 John of Cologne 61 John of Speyer 57 76 PAGE Kefifer, Henry 43 Koberger, Anthony 44 Koelhoff, John 36 Koster, see Coster. Lignamine, J. P. de 54 Loslein, Peter 58 Maler, see Pictor. Manthen of Gerretzheim, John . 61 Manutius, see Aldus. Mentelin, John 31,33,56 Pannartz, Arnold 56 Peter of Friedberg 21 Pictor, Bernard 58 Pigouchet, Philip 65 Planck, Stephen 56 Quentell, Henry 38 “ R ” printer 32 Ratdolt, Erhard 58 Reinhardt, see Gruninger. Reyser, Michael 49 Rodt, see Ruppel, Rot, Adam 34 Rottweil, see Adam of Rottweil. Ruppel, Berthold 50 Rusch d’Ingwiller 32 Schoeflfer, John 21 Schoeffer, Peter, . . . 15, 16, 22, 29 INDEX TO PRINTERS 77 PAGE Schott, John 33 Schott, Martin 33 Schweinheim, Conrad 36 Sensenschmidt, John 43 Sessa, G. B. da 62 Sorg, Anthony 41 Spira, see John of Speyer. Sweynheym, see Schweinheim. Torresani, Andrea de’ 63 Trechsel, John 66 Ulric & Afra, Monastery of ... 41 PAGE Veldener, John 35 Vostre, Simon 65 Weidenbach Monastery .... 32 Wild, Leonard 61 Winters of Homburg, Conrad . . 35 Wynkyn de Worde 67 Zainer, Gunther 39 Zainer, John 42, 49 Zani de Portesio 62 Zell, Ulrich 34 f LIST OF TOWNS Augsburg Basle Cologne Eichstadt Lyons • • • Mainz . . . Nuremberg • Nos. 30-39 Nos. 55-60 Nos, 20-29 . . . No. 54 . . . No. 83 . Nos. 1 — 1 o • Nos. 40-52 Paris No. 82 Rome Nos. 61-64 Strassburg Nos. 11-19 Ulm No. 53 (37 ?) Venice Nos. 65-81 Westminster No. 84 (Jbtiimumopua errojce In omncd gcntiltum et$ bermcojum: cbriftianam fidcm fuie argu. menrie Cmpugnanttum: Diui Ibome acquwa da oidinia predicatorum. Pemia Xanrtanua re netua:tbeologua parauinue : etufdcm profcflto nia reUgiofua cmcndauit : caftigauttqj . Jmpief fum uero dcdit. rir prcftantifTimuo Tlicolaua 3enfongall{aj8:flo!cntc.'Re.prin . Ucnctcrum. Joanne ZDoienlgo duce.Bnno faluna.ZDacc I^.rdibuajunqa .Ueneoja feUcuer. Colophon from No. 66 '