Cyprus Antioui W "5?^ "W" "fc? W W ' "55" '(S" ^ 'O"" 'o' "o* '<>^^ X? w W I? 0 Lawrence = Cesnola Collection. Cyprus ^Intiquities 1 EXCAVATED BY MAJOR ALEXANDER PALMA DI CESNOLA, Member of the Biblical Arcbtuological Sccietj', &;c., &c., 1876 TO 1879. PriniLd .nnd BoLiiid by W. HoLMKs & Son, 195, Oxfurd Street, \V. 1881. 'U O U U U ^ l,^ Oypri ia/ula? mcogaitx poiitionis Z. O ^cragm . 'Epiifarum Sfmirus Afexanjrm Er^fllha TyrrSia . Afmt QeraiK&um GEKTZS CerBia hareda-mon Cinyruu^^^ MaCum Otienfa. Cyreniitnifi . ToaeJJiis msns fit Cennia Tfrntrus -^^ra Dionia Vranitt . THE ISLAND OP CYPRUS. HE island of Cyprus lies between latitude 34° 33' and 35'' 42' north, and longitude 19" 43' and 22'' 3 east from the meridian of Rome. Dimensions. — From accurate measurements taken by Captain Graves, the greatest length of the island is from W.E. 124 miles, viz. : from Cape St. Andre (niniaretum Prom.) to Cape Drepani (Drepanum Prom.) and the breadth N..S. at 45 miles, viz. : from Cape Cormachi (Cromnium Prom.) to Cape Gatto (Curias Prom.) y-ln-d. — According to Dr. Keith and Kothse\", the area of the island is 5342 scjuare kilometres. Cyprus is 42 miles distant from Carniania, 60 from Syria, 300 from the island of Crete, and 250 from Port Said, We shall be able to forjii a correct idea of the dimensions of the island after the completion of the work of m\- esteemed friend Lieut. Kitchner, R. E. Population. — Owing to the absence of proper registration it is impossible to estimate the munber ol the inhabitants with accuracy, and for the first time we may know the number of the people when the statistics which are now- being prepared by the English Government are published. Tlie general idea of the old inhabitants is that the island contains from 200,000, to 250,000 persons. My opinion is that the truth falls far below the former number. Three-quarters of the people are of Greek and European origin, and one-fourth only is Mussulman. Climate. — This, I believe, is that common to the Levant. The chief towns are — Nicosia the capital, Limassol, Paphos, Famagosta, Kyrenia, Risos Carpassos, and Larnaca. Commerce in the island is very insignificant, and agriculture is in a sad state of neglect, more especially in the districts where water is scarce. 6 o S d) 6 o r') Q ' ' il5lc^~|§151Sital51^M[ZiM515^ INTRODUCTION ISTORY OF YPRUS FEW words on the history of ancient Cyprus may not be out of place here. This Island is said to have been peopled by the descendants of Chittim. Josephus tells us that of the sons of Javan (son of Japheth and grandson of Noah) Chittim possessed the Island of Chittima, (which is now called Cyprus,) and on this account all islands, and the greatest part of the sea-coasts, were named Chittim by the Hebrews. The same historian con- lansjuage tinned:—" And one city there is in Cyprus which has preserv. ed its original deaomination ; it is called Chittim by those who use the of the Greeks." "The biblical record is :-By these (the sons of Javan) w-ere the isles of the Gentiles divided in their ; every one after his tongue, after their famiies, in their nations —Genesis, x., 5. Ik :x \ L- The Very Rev. Archimandrite Jeronimos Myriantneus, pastor of the Greek Church in London, himself a Cypriote, published about ten years ago, a dissertation in Greet; on the primitive inhabitants of Cyprus, in which he laid down a theory to the effect that previous to the sixteenth century, ii.c, a section of the Pelasgic tribes (including the lonians) who peopled the western coast of Asia Minor, from Lycia to the Troad, emig-rated to Cyprus ; that these emigrants were, in process of time, followed by others of a similar origin ; that these early colonists from Asia Minor formed the nucleus of the primitive inhabitants ; and that the first people of a different stock who came in contact with them were the Phccuicians. These people founded the town of Kittium, and gradually extended their power, until, after the Trojan war, many colonies from Greece, especially from Attica and the Peloponnessus, settled in different parts of Cyprus, built new towns or improved those which were already in existence there, drove out the Phcenicians and other foreign races, and Hellenized the whole. Cyprus was divided into ten states, the rulers of which were independent of each other, though probably confederate : OO.O. Q Q aoiQ O 0 0 o oo ' o o o 0 0 c . 9 9 9 V 9 o"o"ciS>.ff - -"-a 9 ^ i! S-Q •(5 oo O'ii? s A, s p o 9 0.. Q' cj"q's & S a . J 2 Q g <) tj y >^ Q o"^ Q 2 a .o.>, f s e s 0 o 0 0 w g'q o s Q <2 Sjis*' 9 C S £> o's'i) their na,nes were Salamis. Soli, Chytri, Kurium, I.apethus, Kerynia, Paphos. Marium, Kittium. and An^athus. Some writers mention nine states, leaving out INIarium. The autonomous condition of tlie Island was frequently interrupted, if not entirely crushed, by its successive subordination to Assyria, to Egypt, and to Persia. A bright era in history was that of Evagoras and his successors, who ruled over Salamis from B.C. 410 to B.C. 332, when that State acknowledged the sway of Alexander the Great. After the death of the renowned Macedonian, possession of Cyprus was for some time disputed by Ptolemy Lagus on the one side, and Antigonus and his son Demetrius Poliorcetes on the other. Ptolemy finally prevailed, and, in 295, B.C., the Island became a dependency of the Lagid^, and, with brief interruptions, so continued until it was declared a Roman province in 'the year 60, B.C. On the division of the Roman Empire, Cyprus was attached to the Eastern or Byzantine part, and was governed by dukes, the last of whom was Isaac Comnenus. From him the Island was wrested, in 1 191, A-"-, by Richard Ccrur □ f de Lion, Kin^ of England, who, shortly afterwards, made it over to Guy de Lusignan, on the latter abandoning his pretensions to the crown of Jerusalem, The Lusignan dynasty lasted nearly 350 years; and in 1489 Katherine Cornaro, wife of the penultimate and mother of the last Sovereign, ceded her rights to the Venetian Republic, under which power the place remained until it wa.s conquered by the Turks during the reign of Sultan Selim IL, a.d. 1571. The Ottomans were rulers until July, 1878, when the Island of Cyprus was occupied by Great Britain, with promises of a brighter era for the country. CYPRIOTE ANTiaUITIES. YPRIOTE antiquities comprise fictile vases ; statues in terra-cotta, bronze and stone ; glass vessels ; bronze implements and arms ; alabastra ; ornaments in gold and silver ; gems of precious stones, and coins of different epochs. Most of these objects have been discovered in tombs ; numerous sculptured statues and bas-reliefs were found among the ruins of temples or in walled enclosures, into which, being broken, they were thrown by converts to Christianity in obedience to an edict of Constantine the Great. Some recent excavators in Cyprus have fallen into what is, I think, the error of supposing that wherever sculptured remains have been discovered, there is the site of a temple. This is certainly not always the case ; for I have examined many similar places, and dug there in search of plans of buildings, and thus endeavoured to learn it any structures had existed there, but I found only shallow foundations of large squares and enclosures, with no indications of temples ; no columns, nor any signs of wells. In these enclosures the broken statues lay in heaps. In a hollow of the mountain side, not ■. ^ ^ ^ ^ >v . ?1 far from the temple of Apollo, in Kuriun, I unearthed a large number of fragments of statues which had been thrown together ; the heads were in the lowest layer, the torsos in the middle, and the feet over all, at about a yard below the surface. A few months later, in a dried-up stream near some ruins, which I consider to be those of the city of Throni. an enclosure forty feet square was discovered, containing parts of more than a thousand statuettes in terra-cotta. representing priestesses bearing offerings : of these I reconstructed about two hundred entire figures, of which the tallest was three feet high. They are beautilully decorated, particularly their crowned or turreted heads ; but I saw neither columns, nor bas-reliefs, to indicate the site of a temple, while the walls of the quadrangle were thin, a fact which confirms the notion that they were built for the sole purpose of forming an enclosure. In obedience to the above mentioned huperial order, many temples were destroyed, while others were appropriated the worship of the Christians. Even now may be seen ancient which have been converted into Greek chapels T' in them traces of their first use may sometimes be discovered; others which were probably likewise used (ot Christian worship were stripped of their pagan appendages, and have fallen into decay, so as to leave no vestiges of the statues buried in their ruins. Beneath the debris of temples and in tombs have been discovered many articles in bronze, including armour and weapons (such as bucklers, axe-heads and spear-he.ads), statuettes, mirrors, paterai', strigils, etc. A few patera; are decorated with sculptures in relief, and, in rare cases, some were found which had been incised with mythological and other representations. The Alabastra are of different forms, but, generally speaking, in poor preservation. Very few bear inscriptions. Gold personal ornaments have been discovered, such as ear-rings, finger-rings, bracelets, armlets, necklaces, buttons, etc. ; also mortuary chaplets of gold leaf with embossed ornaments. Some children's finger-rings are pricked with the votive 'EfM'cytiOJ' (pro bono). F Intaglios of clumsy work, some of which were artistically engraved, have been found with inscriptions, which are generally names. Glass is frequent among Cypriote antiquities, the majority of the examples are remarkable on account of their beautiful iridescence, and for the variety of their forms. Coloured glass comprises articles of blue, purple, and canary tints, and now and then painted unguentarium covers turn up, representing Venus or Bacchus holding a bunch of grapes, or another suljject. Some objects of this nature are inscribed with mottos and artists' names in relief ; these are eagerly sought after. The glass vessels dis- covered in Cyprus belong, in my opinion, to the periods of the Ptolemies and of the Roman domination in the Island. This opinion is confirmed by the dates of tlie copper coins that were found in the tombs with the vessels. Cippi sometimes occur in the same tombs with works in glass, and the latter bear the names of their owners and the invocation Xpijurt (or Xpiio-n;) Xaipe : (so-and-so, the good, hail !) These sepulchral relics are believed to be of Christian origin and due to periods of persecution. I ha\-e not yet been able to convince myself to what period should be assigned those objects of opaque and f enamelled ylass which by some excavators have been called "Phoenician" because they were found with terra-cotta amphorae which bear Phciinician inscriptions in black or red. These examples in glass are of two sorts ; viz ; those which are shaped like amphoroe, and those which are enamelled and pear-shaped : the latter are a greenish colour and very thick. Not having found any coins in the same tombs with these vessels, 1 am unable to say to what age the latter belong, but, before concluding iuture exca\ ations, it is my intention to study the subject. In point of variety and value, antiquities oi glass may be divided into groups as follows : — I St. Those w^ith embossed ligures, ornaments, and inscriptions; those having the shape of the human head, and those rejpresenting animals, fruit, etc. 2nd. Ungucntarium covers with subjects painted in black on white or red grounds ; these are exceedingly rare. 3rd. The so-called Phcenician examples, of which I have already spoken. 4th. Thos(^ of large size, of rare form, and fine iridescence, as well as vessels of coloured glass. On the inscribed specimens in glass, the letters are Greek, which was, and is, the language prevailing- in the Island. The inscriptions on these articles consist of the names of the makers, or of the persons to whom the relics had belonged, or to whom they were given. A few glass cups have been found with a wish inscribed round the rim in high relief; on one vessel the owner is asked to keep the maker in kind remembrance. Iridescence is produced by the gradual decomposition of glass, which decomposition occurs when the material has been covered with earth, or has contained a liquid which afterwards hardened. In the first case, decomposition is in the second, it is »r«««/«r ; the latter is the more pri.ed. ,Vessels with .r.r.u/ar iridescence are generally found resting on rocks, slabs, or in sarcophagi; enrpty vessels similarly placed become brittle but not iridescent. With regard to exanrples of Greek and Roman origin, 1 careR,lly examined a site near I.arnaca, yet 1 found with them only Ptolemean coins, principally of the later dynasty; therefore 1 am inclined to think that these vessels belong to the epoch of .oo or Of the coins found In C)'prus those in copper are most abundant, but they are generally illegible and much corroded. The series represented in this metal are : coins of the Ptolemies ; Roman in general, and Imperial Roman of Cyprus, with Greek ...legends ; and B)-zantine. In gold we have coins of Cyprus, with Cypriote, Phcenician, or Greek letters ; including staters of Philip and ./Mexander ; and scyphati of the Latin kings of the Island : all these are rare ; the Byzantine instances are less so ; gold solidi. which are flat and concave, were kept in families and suspended round the necks of children, in order to bring good luck to the wearers. The silver coins found are the early ones of the Island, as above, and due to Alexander, or to the Ptolemies : or they are Roman in general and Imperial of Cyprus ; besants of the Latin kings of Cyprus occur ; likewise Venetian coins. The early coins of Cyprus are rare. We now and then meet with coins in billon, which belong almo.st entirely to the time of the Crusades and are of the n fkSkdSJS'MMJmi The following has heen extracted from "The Atheneeum." June 26th, 1880. ANTiaUITIES FEOM CYPRUS. N November and December, 1876 {Alluu., Nos. 2558, 2562), we described at some length " The Treasure of Kourium," and incKided in that account notes on numerous antiquities wliich were discovered by General Luigi di Cesnola in other places in Cyprus. These notices Ibllowed others on sculptm-es found at Golgos and Idalium {Athcii.. Xo. 2352) Our readers will remember that, owing to the unfortunate parsimon)- of the government of the day, the representations of Dr. Birch and Mr. Newton, and the other authorities of the liritish Museum, were disregarded, and these antiquities were allowed to become the nucleus of the .Metropolitan Museum of New- York, whicli is now under the direction of General di Cesnola, Major Alexander di Cesnola, brother of the general, and his companion in many labours in Cyprus, remained in the Island ;md succeeded in miearthing a prodigious number of objects of \-arious materials and nationalities, wliich are due to different mMmiMiMMmmm aoes and artistic modes. Tlnese relics are now in I.ondon, at Holland Park, and, although not for sale, may be seen by archreologists, on application to Major di Cesnola, M Palma \Mlla, W'oodchurch Road, West Hampstead. A large proportion were foimd at Salamina (.Salamis), the most Greek ol all the Cypriote cities. Kourium, Idalium, Soli, and Cittium likewise yielded a considerable; number of relics. The materials are gold, silver, bronze, bronze thickly plated with pure gold, le.id, chalcedony, terra-cotta, enamelled or painted with patterns of Egyptian, Phcenician, Greek, Roman, and native character, alabaster, ivory, and glass. With these are a great number of coins in gold, silver, bronze, and billon. The works in gold consist ot personal ornaments, rings for the fingers and ears, necklaces, chains, bracelets. fibuUe, frontals. and pins, licsides objects wdiich were |-)robably used as charms, and personal insignia, such as seals and amulets. Some of the earrings are enriched with jewels ; in man)- ol them it is clear where pearls and other gems have fallen from the metal, so that they remain matrices only. The forms of nearly all these ofijects are beautiful, and several of the rings of both kinds arc exquisite .specimens oi" goldsmitlis work, includiny- lieads ol oxen, and mortuary wreaths of gold delicately wrought in leaves, intended to be worn on the head, in the manner which has often been illustrated by examples of Greek and Etruscan origin iound about bronze helmets. With these may be mentioned examples of those remarkable plates of beaten gold which were designed to be worn, and are sliaped so as to cover the mouths, eyes, and foreheads of the dead. Some of the fibilke are serpentine in Ibrm, and were produced by coiling the metal in spirals, so that the objects were twisted through holes in garments, the edges of which they were intended to unite. .Several of these articles are of bronze thickly covered with the more precious metal. There are also carbuncle and emerald (glass ?) beads threaded on gold wires, and ternunating in beautiful heads of a-ce, lions, and the like, and seemingl)' inlluenced by Assyrian fashions in goldsnuthery. Two of the fibula- bear nscriptions in the Cypriote character. .Among the rings are engraved carnelians and other stones, of Greek origin md crreat beautv, and among the subjects of these gems is a man overcoming a lion. Besides these there are several Egyptian scarabei, with and without inscriptions, and cn.graved signets of Egyptian. y«««--Egyptian, and otlier denominations. Tlie gold olDjects are about 1,500 in number. One of the neclilaces is remarkable for phallic emblems of both kinds in gold, and " charms " of peculiar t'orms. The works in silver are bracelets, pms for the hair and dress, fibula; of the serpentine or spiral order and other forms, finger-rings with scarabei and earrings -set with glass which has become iridescent, and necklaces with pendants, one ol which is of crystal, shaped like a vase. The bronze relics are not less than two himdred. and include strigils, statuettes, lancedieads, bracelets, rings, pins, axedieads, bucklers, engraved mirrors from Paphos and pater,-e : some of the last are incfsed with mythological and other representations. The examples in lead are extremely interesting, and consist of thin rolls of the metal with inscriptions of rare characters,'Greek, Cypriote, and Ph^nician. Several of these examples have not been imrolled. Rare as these relics are, they narrowly escaped destruction, being taken for water tubes. f Tlie specimens in clialcedony. besides scarabei and beads, are about one hundred cylinders of Egyptian and Assyrian character. Of tcrra-cotta the examples, all told, are not fewer than three thousand, and they form an almost complete collection of Cypriote productions of this kind. About five himdred are statuettes ol archaic, Greek, and Greco-Roman orig-in, representing priests and priestesses with sacerdotal crowns and wreaths, and bearing musical and other instruments ; mytholo,gical and domestic subjects aboimd hi this class of relics, with genii, draped and nude, mounted on horses, cocks, and swans. Some of these specimens are of highly archaic appearance, while others are primitive and extremely rude. .Some of the statuettes are men-at-arms, with conical helmets and circular bucklers, on which are personal and ]nilitary insignia. Children's toys in terra-cotta are not uncommon in this large collection, which embraces figures of women carrying vases on their heads and in tlieir hands. Women naked, half-draped, and completely clad appear by numbers in the assembly ; most of these figures are obviously Greek, and their fine style attests the taste and peculiar artistic leeling of the makers. Some of the women, priestesses or what not, wear lofty diadems, and are otherwise decorated with jewellery of the kind referred to above, necklaces, sinn;]e or triple, bracelets, earrings, and fibuke. Cocks, pigs, swans, and ducks are found here, with grotesque h<4"ures of men and women servincf as jugs to hold liquids, and bizarre and monstrous forms. Warriors in chariots with movable wheels, and bearing traces of brilliant colour, are among this prodigious group of articles, which were evidently intended for domestic use. Among the most curious specimens are several large tragic and grotesque masks in terra-cotta, some of which are of pure Greek origin, and appear to have been copied irom bronze originals of considerable beauty. In their attraction for the antiquary few works in this material surpass the group of lamps, of which there are at least a thousand ; these include about two hundred examples bearing the names ol Greek makers. Such names are mucli rarer than Roman ones, and all are interesting in a high degree. Among the larger terra-cottas is a magnificent group of huge amphorae, many of which bear that interlaced lotus pattern ♦ i4r, ♦ , » , r.f , f ft r^ou pointed out to me, one of these settles the phonetic value of the single character in the syllabary which has hitherto remained undetermined. 1^ (J. R. HERBERT, Esq., R.A,,) ^ The Chimes, Kilburn, December lot/i, 1880. Dear Major di Cesnola, You ask me to write you some account of the impressions I have received from an inspection of tlie interesting collection of Antiquities you have brought from Cx iirus. It cannot be done justice to but by a detailed description of the objects which compose it, which I regret from great demands upon my time I am now unable to give. Suffice it to-day, that the student of history will find in that collection, particularly among fhe Pho:nician tcrra-cotta examples, almost enough to bring him face to face with a people #hose influence was felt far and wide in the then known world. I do hope that your collection may not be dispersed but kept intact, like that other great collection in New York, in .some public Museum, where it may be easily available to everyone who can see in the numerous examples wrought in metal, glass, or terra-cotta, the very mirror and aspect of the time when they were produced. Believe me, dear Major di Cesnola, Very faithfully yours, J. R. HERBERT. Extracted from the " Academy," November S7tli, 1880. HITTITE INSCRIPTIONS. Queens College, Oxford, Nov. 20th, 1880. I am inclined to thinl< that I have come across another bilingual Hittite inscription. Major A. P. di Cesnola has kindly allowed me to exam ne his very valuable collection of seals and other intaglios which he has discovered in Cyprus, and among these is one of great interest. It represents a huntsman, armed with a long spear, in the act of throwing it at the neck of a gazelle which is engaged in fighting with a hound. The spear is like that carried by the figures in the Hittite .sculptures of Karabel and elsewhere, as well as on the bilingual boss of Tarkondemos, and the huntsman is represented as wearing boots ■with iurnetl-iip ends. Above the head of the hound, and in front of the face of the gazelle, are the two Cypriote characters, ya-fio, perhaps 'Iti^oJ ; while on either side of the head of the huntsman are two hieroglyphs. That on the left side, towards which he is looking, is an out-stretched hand and arm. It may be intended for the Egyptian hieroglyph sep. but it is much more like the out-stretched hand in one of the inscriptions from Carchemish. The other hieroglyph may, indeed, possibly be a rude imitation of the Nilometer; but it actually resembles an arm and clenched hand drawn as in the Hittite texts, and grasping three reeds. I Tlie intaglios discovered by Major di Cesnola and his l^rodier, Gen. di Cesnola, are a very important contribution to our lacooo 000 o o o OOf>OOf> «™lT Timpou 1 also found a very beautiful terra-cotta \-ase, varnished red and painted with an owl and a pine tree The pine and the owl were well known to the Phoenicians and are very often seen on terra-cotta objects which were in use amonirst that people. That way of varnishing; pottery was not very ancient but prevailed during the Roman period. During the last i 5 years a great number of similar vases have been found ; they are mostly very rough manufacture and of various shapes, but the vase just mentioned is the first which bears a figure, and it deser\-es study in order to enable us to decide whether that art which it illustrates is not rather Phoenician than Roman. I consider it to be so. and I hope in future diggings to discover some other examples which bear Phosnician letters. #oooo ooooo ooooo ooooo o©ooo ooooo ooooo (ft ® o s ooooo OOO0O ©oo@® eoooo ooooo ooo#o ® o®^>^ !oo®e© i : J oeooc cccoo ■ cocoo cccoo ooooo OO0©«| ooeoo 3>^®oo© r the excavations which I made at Timpou, an hour's distance from my coimtry house at Ormidia, and two hours from Larnaca, I found in a tomb about 2| miles outside the village (Timpou), and in the direction of the ancient town of Idalium, a small lion in terra-cotta painted with very brilliant colours. The lion was placed in a cup with some copper coins, and these were so corroded that one cannot fix their epoch. Amongst these coins were some so firmly united that the)- formed a mass. One of these was so strongly cemented on the posterior part of the little lion that I could only pull it off after considerable difficulty. This relic was the size of a Ptolemaic coin, and, on the obverse, bore the following in.scription /j^ .j, -j- O) written with a sharply pointed instrument. The coin when separated from the mass shewed lines of writing of a beautiful verdigris colour. i So* s INSCRIPTION ON A SKPULCHRAL jMARHU': TABL FOUND AT SALAMINIA. To TTplv 6 avfj, Movaai's arep^a'^ iSlov >)\0e irpo fiutpa' Tpluov 'ctt' eiKOfXTU) irKi^cra'i ^eTO^;, oi he oXeaavres' 'eXiriBa rdv puovvav 'yi}pa'\€OL jeverat fivpovrai TOf avvjifpov aei. yovoi', aWa top dyvov. Tpiuov for rpiTov, is worthy of note. To the uiauHionK of the dead, little thought of, lo ! Pluleas eometh his WHS a studious life ; his au untimely cud, for he had Ijurely completed his throe-aml-twentieth year : in him, his aged parents lose their remaining hope ; and thej will mourn, and mourn, their unwedded, their chiiste oifspring. Uh ! Persephone, grant that he may take his pluce iimongst thi' blessed. Translated av D. PIERIDKS. THE LAMPS. HE lamps which have been found in Cyprus differ iVom eacli otlier in their sliapes as mucli as in tlie materials of wliich they were formed. The greater number are o( terra-cotta ; the finest examples among them are derived Irom the Roman period, and were probably imported to Cyprus in the age of the Consuls, or during the reigns of those island monarchs who were dependent on the Imperial rulers of Rome. The lamps with inscriptions are of two kinds: — those which bear on their reverse sides the names of the potters w ho produced them, and those which are inscribed with the signatures of those who sold, or owned them. These designations are generally written in Latin, and display familiar names, such as were much m vogue in the Roman world. Many of these objects have been moulded in the shape of a naked human foot, a hand, or a slipper. They are always inscribed. Lamps bearing names in Greek characters are rare ; these characters are not often more than initials. Almost invariably, these relics bear obscene figures ; many of them were discovered in Phccnician, or old Greek tombs. The Cypriote A ^ ){; t. A' ''r >,\^ (Imdn plate) E )H- >K- >B W K l$i Y^c-) ^ if; ^ '.n ^ 1 X X u Y K f\ A 'J^'"'"") -A Ka 0^ 1 t ±: t A ^ ^ ^ 5^ Ko A A /\ n n Ku % ^ t Ta 1- M Y Te ^ ^ K/J il^ \/ Ti ? ^ t A /t To T F r 7^ X A X 7" A rA'j •IS, I >2 The Cypriote Syllabary (Continued). iji '[< \^ i|i (c) Ve., Vi.., Vo. Vu. Sa. Sc . Si,. P. So Su Xe Za '1 • z ? I I J 'f'.) Z V X/ y > pJ Y U-j •S (P.) Leaden Plate. P. = Paplios. K. To Diaoa of tlio >S]iorc, or Sailors, or I'aralia, Apc'Iics ]ias oli'cred (it.) This is a dodication to Diana *' of the Boach " by one Apelles. The letttTs -vrhioh are well formed, and vfry nicely cut, Goemingly telong to the second century after Christ. T>. P. Other dedications to this same Diana haa been found before. All these come from the Salines of Lamocea, where probably stood a temple to their Goddess, and where I and my predceefsors have found many teri'a-cotta hcada as well as a large number of gold atutt-r= of Alexander and Philips. A. P. C. Small Calledony Vase found in a tomb Salominia, 1807. The vase is of the shape of the Egyptian sihila, or bucket ; the inscription is illigible. S. B. This small Calledony vasea with an ornament like Phoeniciau'inscrip- 10 Nt{/ca) KUL^iog Kjoouc ■j^(;ioToq Tlio Lord Jesus Christ conquers. S. B. A Stamp for impressing Sliow-brcad iu the Greek Church. Like other Seals the letters are turned backwards. In the upper line IC-XC are abbreviation of 'haovc Xptaroc- Niria, uf the uuder line means conqucreth— some vvmI NoiaiTwP). the conqueror. I A W M T X ABA A Gnostic Amulet found in a Tomb in Salaminia. Was probably part of a Necklace for a baby as amulet, the custom of the time. This reads— 'lau . Michael . Eaphacl." A. H. S. law 1 M[)^fl7ia A Gnostie Araulct in Greek h-tters. Tho first name i-s that of Jehovah ; the others, of the Archangels, Michai-l and llaphnel. That second letter in the first line should bo A ; and the second letter in the Brcond line, I. LEAD IIOI.L, FOUND IN A TOMB IX SALAMINIA. ye si In se ri mo Ui J^a ka se o le ke o tc ro no a te to a sii mi te a me to to se le su se go a te to po 10 to a to jia ni yi se lo to pi si pu o Oeavuip 9fo/vXt'oc KacTUfLwPtg (01' Kat; Au^iopic) Xtiail/t tuSe aynf; ouAlJC rj> So^(£(l') (iSl) (l') [i)) fiiaa al'O' o nufftVroAoc ytvnra {i{v)Q^(dTT<^ I: S