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PALLISER'S 
 
 American Architecture; 
 
 OR 
 
 Every Man a Complete Builder. 
 
 PALLISER, PALLISER g GO., ARCHITECTS, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Authors of “ Palliser’s Useful Details,” “ Palliser’s New Cottage Homes and Details,” “ Palliser’s 
 
 Building Specifications and Contract Blanks,” etc., etc. 
 
 (Copyright 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co.) 
 
 1896 EDITION. 
 
 New York; 
 
 J. S. OGILVIE PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 57 Rose Street, 
 
 
“ When we mean to build, 
 
 We first survey the plat then draw the model; 
 
 And, when we see the figure of the house. 
 
 Then must we rate the cost of erection ; 
 
 Which, if we find outweighs ability, 
 
 What do we then but draw anew the model 
 In fewer offices ; or, at least, desist 
 To build at all? Much more in this great work 
 Which is almost to pluck a kingdom down, 
 
 And set another up should we survey 
 The plat of situation, and the model ; 
 
 Consent upon a sure foundation ; 
 
 Question surveyors ; know our own estate, 
 
 How able such a work to undergo ; 
 
 To weigh against his opposite : or else 
 We fortify in paper and in figures, 
 
 Using the names of men instead of men ; 
 
 Like one that draws the model of a house 
 Beyond his power to build it ; who. half through 
 Gives o’er, and leaves his part created cost 
 A naked subject to the weeping clouds, 
 
 And waste for churlish Winter’s tyranny.” 
 
 King Henry IV., Act 1, Scene 3. 
 
 “If half the thought which is given to 
 obscure questions in theology or metaphysics 
 had been given to the question of making men 
 more comfortable by building better habitations 
 for them, what a much happier and more com- 
 fortable world it would have been !” 
 
 Sir A. Helps. 
 
3 
 
 PREFATORY. 
 
 The title of this book sufficiently indicates its character to which we may add that the aim has been to pre- 
 sent a variety of plans which , with few additions and changes , can be adapted to the requirements and individual 
 tastes of those about to build, whether living in town or country. 
 
 The plans have been built from and their practicability proven, giving also correct figures of cost, but, owing 
 to the variation in prices of materials and labor in different localities and at different times, they should be ac- 
 cepted with caution and as not adapted to every circumstance and locality. 
 
 The plans shown give a great variety of arrangement and style, and are well adapted to meet the wants of 
 the masses for tasty, convenient and economical buildings ; in fact, this book is offered as a plain and practical aid 
 to people who desire to build at moderate cost, though it is not supposed that everyone will be able to find exactly 
 the very thing he needs, but he will be able to learn what at least are his requirements, and gather ideas so as to- 
 be able to meet them, and he can procure from us at reasonable rates working plans and specifications with any 
 changes desired for any plan shown in this work, or for that matter in any book, periodical or journal ever pub- 
 lished. Very respectfully, 
 
 PALLISER, PALLISER & CO. 
 
y ' t 
 
 4 
 
 PLATE i 
 
 Represents the title-page of this work, which has been deemed best to be made a useful plate, by showing 
 the perspective views of Designs i, 2, 3, and 23, these designs being without views on the plates where they 
 are illustrated. 
 
 The large perspective view is of a neat cottage erected at Seaside Park, Bridgeport, Conn., one of the 
 most charming places in New England. The first story is built of fine Trenton pressed brick, trimmed with 
 buff and chocolate-colored brick and Longmeadow brown stone, the second story being of timber construc- 
 tion ; roofs covered with black slate, ridges of terra cotta ; upper part of all windows filled with stained glass ; 
 windows fitted with rolling Venetian blinds. The first floor is finished in ash, with paneled ceilings and hard- 
 wood floor ; second floor in pine, finished in natural color. All rooms have open fire-places, built of buff 
 brick and furnished with hard-wood mantels. 
 
 First floor contains main hall, ten feet wide, having tiled floor and with large open fire-place in same, and 
 is connected with parlor by sliding doors, so that on special occasions they can be thrown together. The 
 dining-room and library are connected in like manner, and have a handsome conservatory with tiled floor ad- 
 joining on south side. A toilet-room is placed in rear of main hall, which is convenient to the stairs and 
 back hall. The kitchen is in rear wing, and communicates with dining-room through waiter’s pantry. Store 
 pantry and ice-closet are on the north side, the ice being put into ice-tank from outside, through a door pro- 
 vided for that purpose. Back hall contains back stairs, also communicates with cellar, kitchen and main hall. 
 
 Second floor — Five chambers, three dressing rooms, bath-room, cedar and linen closets. A fine room on 
 third floor is provided for servant and there is also a large attic for storage. 
 
 The room in tower is 10x12 feet in size, with large open fire-place; is designed for use, and commands 
 an excellent view of Long Island Sound and the surrounding country. 
 
 Laundry and drying room are placed in basement under kitchen. 
 
 This cottage is intended for a first-class residence, is furnished with all modern improvements and con- 
 veniences, and heated by indirect heat. 
 
 This handsome and popular residence has been adopted and erected with modifications by many people 
 all over the United States and Canada at various cost, ranging from $4,750 to $13,000. 
 
5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palhser “ »,o.. 
 
 I 
 
PLATE 2. 
 
 Design i — Shows plans and elevations of a plain cottage house of eleven rooms, suited to the wants of a 
 family requiring a large amount of room at a small expense, and was designed for a Western farm house. 
 Cost, $1,500. 
 
 Design 2 — Represents a tasty cottage, with four rooms on first floor and two rooms on second floor, and 
 contains all the convenience generally required in a house of this class, having good closets and pantry, with 
 cellar under the whole house, making a very desirable cottage residence for the very small sum of $850. (See 
 specifications in latter part of book.) 
 
 Design 3 — Is a small, neat cottage house, with three rooms on first and two on second floor, which 
 would make a good house for the southwestern part of the country ; estimated cost of which is $800. 
 
 HINTS ON BUILDING. 
 
 One of the first and most important things to be settled in the 
 erection of a home is a site, and it is not at all surprising that there 
 are so many who never give the matter of location the first thought, 
 further than, is it a good neighborhood ; are there good neighbors ; 
 and is the price reasonable. To such we say this is all wrong and 
 we speak from actual experience. John Jones, who is a real estate 
 agent, and has the sale of a piece of ground he wishes you to buy, 
 will not point out to you the defects in the ground or anything that is 
 detrimental to the property, but will fully explain its good points. 
 The first thing to do is to find out what the nature of the ground is, 
 as some locations are resisting — others soft and compressible to vari- 
 ous degrees ; is it made ground ? for you must only build on firm and 
 solid ground ; or is it a sand and gravel bottom ? Take a spade, dig 
 down four or five feet and see for yourself what it is. If your cellar 
 bottom is placed in a layer of hard pan, as we have frequently seen 
 them, then the treatment of drainage should be different, so as to 
 keep it dry ; and while it makes a firm foundation for the building, 
 yet sand or gravel is preferable on all accounts, for if the weight com- 
 presses the bed of sand and forces it to settle, the settling is regular, 
 and hence free from danger. 
 
 The alluvia formed by sluggish water courses that naturally flow 
 through the interstices of a hard or clayey soil are very injurious to 
 the health of the occupants of a house erected over such ground ; and 
 in the erection of such great care should be exercised in the matter 
 of drainage, so as to keep the cellar bottom dry and free from moist- 
 ure ; the foundation walls should descend below the cellar bottom suf- 
 ficient to allow a drain to be laid on and around the outside of walls, 
 and the bottom part of this drain should be one foot below the level 
 of cellar floor : this drain should entirely encompass the building at a 
 distance of a few inches from walls and the water as it sinks through 
 the soil will be thus arrested in its progress by the drain and drawn 
 off from the building, leaving the entire ground under your house free 
 from moisture. This drain will carry the water where you wish, and 
 can have branches connecting with roof leaders to carry off the waste 
 water from the roof ; also the necessary branches can be connected 
 from inside, so as to carry away all surplus and waste water from all 
 parts of the house. 
 
 We strongly advise this method of draining all houses, no matter 
 what the soil may be ; and even if it costs a little more to put in the 
 drains this way it is preferable to any other. The leader pipes from 
 the roofs form a series of ventilating shafts for the drains, a feature 
 that is desirable and necessary, as they will carry the gases generated 
 in the sewer up above the roof of the house where it will pass away 
 and do no harm ; care should be taken not to have any leader open- 
 ings in roof near to or under upper story windows ; there should also 
 be a running trap between the connection to the house and the sewer 
 in mam pipe ; this should be put as near the house as practicable and 
 a leader branch or vent pipe connected as near to it as possible — this 
 foi proper ventilation, as the trap is liable to syphon dry if not ven- 
 tilated. 
 
 A cellar bottom should be thoroughly cemented tight with ce- 
 ment concrete, which should be not less than two inches in depth to 
 obtain a good bottom, and should not be made of nearly all sand or 
 gravel — as some masons try to do, presuming to save cement — but 
 
 should have a proper proportion of good cement thoroughly mixed in 
 with it and properly laid. 
 
 When the people who build homes have had the experience the 
 writer of this has, and had to fight scarlet fever and diphtheria and grim 
 death himself through the want of a proper system of sewerage, then 
 they will perhaps begin to realize that this is indeed one of the first 
 and most important things to be taken up in the planning and erection 
 of a home, and one which will not bear a saving at the spigot and 
 wholesale waste at the bung hole. 
 
 What is architecture ? What is anything ? If we look out of 
 our windows what do we see ? perhaps nothing but the verdant fields 
 covered with their -vegetation and dotted here and there with green 
 trees, which at this time form a pretty and attractive picture to look 
 upon, or we see perhaps a thickly populated district where little else 
 is to be seen but brick walls, tin roofs, skylights to light down into 
 bodies of stores where fine displays of fancy and useful goods of every 
 description are seen, to meet the wants of all classes. The green 
 verdant fields we see are the natural results of the seasons, which are 
 regulated by the hand of the divine architect, and constitute the mo- 
 tive power whereby all living creatures on land move and have their 
 being ; the houses, walls, roofs and skylights we see are a necessity 
 that we must have to shelter us from the wind and rain and allow us 
 to see and act in places where but for them it would be cold and 
 dark ; and as we look out and see these things, and reason, we find 
 that these forms are an expression of our wants and thus have good 
 reason for existence. 
 
 As the ancients found at the commencement of the world that 
 it was necessary to protect themselves from the wind and the rain and 
 cold, they undoubtedly went to work with such materials as they had 
 at hand and erected for themselves huts or tents, made probably with 
 sticks or leaves, or perhaps mud, and as they progressed in civiliza- 
 tion they thus were educating themselves to better supply their wants, 
 and as one improvement was made it suggested another ; and so on, 
 ad infinitum, until we have now reached an era of civilization that one 
 hundred years ago was never dreamt of, nor would have been credit- 
 ed. As the erection of the humble abodes in ancient times was a di- 
 rect result of necessity, so it is now ; and as the times have so changed 
 and men’s ideas with them, we have architecture on an improved scale. 
 If anyone doubts this we advise him to betake himself to the woods, 
 and look about and see what he can do with regard to housing himself 
 with the means and materials found there, and no doubt in nine cases 
 out of ten he would not do much better than the ancients did ; and as 
 it is a necessity that we should be housed and protected from the in- 
 clemency of the weather, it is through this necessity that we learn to 
 reason and to apply our reasoning powers to each special case, for 
 what answers one case will not do for another. There is no method, 
 no recipe, no procedure that can be applied, for we must observe cir- 
 cumstances, facts, habits, climate and hygeian conditions as well as 
 the individual wants of the occupants. And as the materials and 
 means of execution are every day modified or changed, we must fol- 
 low these variations, and a good practitioner in the art must have a 
 working power and independence of character, a thorough knowledge 
 of business, enough energy and tenacity, and assert his authority — 
 saying I will only accept this or that so far as I find them useful, and 
 to serve my purpose ; he must have character, and ascertain by his 
 reasoning and working, and not allow himself to be seduced by at- 
 tractive appearances ; must express his thoughts clearly and reflect 
 
Designs i , 2 and 3. 
 
 Plate 2, i 
 
 — — — — — i- 
 
 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
8 
 
 PLATE 3. 
 
 Design 4 — Illustrates a one-story cottage, having four rooms on first floor and room for two bedrooms 
 in attic, which, for convenience and economy, speaks plainly for itself, and when executed makes a home 
 which no one need be ashamed of ; it is equally adapted to city or country and can be erected in a neat and 
 substantial manner for $700. * 
 
 Design 5 — Six-room cottage, suitable for erection on a small city lot. Cost, $900. 
 
 Design 6 — Is a small cottage of two rooms on first floor, with good pantry and closet ; stairs to loft over 
 and cellar under. Cost, $325. 
 
 before speaking, and if nature has endowed him with genius, such 
 will be — if his reasoning powers are properly applied — a splendid 
 compliment to his faculties. But without reasoning, genius would 
 only serve as a stumbling block and had better lay dormant. 
 
 What has been done before our time must not be ignored, as it 
 is a good acquired, a common storehouse filled with the reasonings 
 and works of our predecessors, and which has been handed down to 
 our own time for us to start from. Architecture is an art, and the true 
 architect should so wield this art that it be but the faithful expression 
 of the times as we see them, that the building may be in truth the en- 
 velope of that which it contains. To be a good architect is to be a 
 good reasoner, and to reason well is to work well, for the one is sub- 
 servient to the other. All the essential conditions must be thoroughly 
 reflected on — the client’s needs fully known. Then the result can be 
 placed on paper, for nothing must be left to chance ; every function 
 must know and fill its place, and every particle in value must be in 
 relation to the whole, so as to render them intelligible to those who 
 execute them. This is what is commonly meant by Architecture. 
 
 The simplest way to study architecture is by practising it, and 
 though many are taught to conceive and plan buildings that cannot 
 be constructed, only on paper, under the shallow pretext of preserving 
 high art, they soon tire of putting these conceptions on paper, when 
 they see the success that attends the working and practical architect, 
 whose buildings are daily growing more and more beautiful the more 
 difficulties he has to encounter. Construction outside of a certain 
 scientific and practical knowledge can only be studied by experience, 
 a habit of reasoning and obedience to the rules of good sense, and he 
 who disdains this natural faculty under the pretence that it hampers 
 inspiration, will always see his conceptions applied to paper where 
 they hurt nobody ; for to carry out such whims costs dear, and as 
 practical men always exercise their reasoning powers and good sense 
 in erecting a home, they then have a right to consider it inopportune 
 and stop before they begin. 
 
 There are a great number of people who, intending to build for 
 themselves homes, have an idea that only symmetrical houses look 
 well. This class of people are to be met with almost every day in 
 the week in the experience of an architect who is consulted by a large 
 number of clients, and we have frequently been very much tried in 
 our patience and labors in preparing plans to suit the wants of such 
 people, therefore we now propose to have a few words to say to this 
 class of clients. 
 
 A close observer in traveling through the country towns and vil- 
 lages in almost every portion of our country, cannot fail to notice the 
 sameness and monotony of most country residences, which are nearly 
 all built after one order, and very frequently a large number in each 
 village all just alike, presenting symmetrical aspects. There is the 
 country house of, say, from 36 to 40 feet front ; the front door in the 
 center, two windows on each side, two story high, and roof about 1-3 
 pitch, with that same old box cornice — we presume they copied from 
 what Noah had on the Ark. This matter of symmetry is a very grave 
 question, and one which may work well enough on large public build- 
 ings but should have nothing to do with the design and arrangement 
 of private dwellings. Fancy your building a house with the sitting 
 and dining room on the south side, to which you want bay windows ; 
 and as the kitchen comes on the north side, as it is necessary to have 
 a symmetrical house, it must have a bay window there also, or else 
 dispense with the bay on south side. There are undoubtedly a great 
 
 many people who are willing to satisfy their vain pleasure of display- 
 ing outside, regular and monumental exteriors, by sacrificing the every- 
 day conveniences which are so essential to the comforts of a home. ' 
 
 Symmetry applied to private architecture is an invention that has 
 had its day and is completely run out, except in rare cases, where old 
 fogyism holds the sway and rules supreme. The most convenient 
 homes are those which are planned with a special reference to satisfy 
 the needs of its occupants and so as to avoid all useless expenditures 
 — and we might add these are the most pleasing in point of aspect, 
 for the simple reason that they clearly show the purposes for which 
 they are built. 
 
 The ancients never troubled themselves about symmetry in their 
 residences ; the houses at Pompeii are not built with any regard to it, 
 and the villa or country house, of which Pliny has left us a full de- 
 scription, does not give us any appearance of symmetry. 
 
 In designing homes we must follow the laws of common sense, 
 and not sacrifice interior comfort for the satisfaction of displaying an 
 outside show which is offensive to the cultivated eye. But let us have 
 homes wherein nothing whatever is conceded to a false luxury, and 
 where harmony says that though here is a small and there a large 
 opening to suit the interior requirements, they are so grouped and 
 blended together that they produce a pleasing and picturesque exte- 
 rior and which, when finished, will cost us no more, as we shall have 
 nothing concealed, nothing artificial, nothing useless ; all the details 
 throughout, though modest, being direct results and a necessity of 
 the structure and requisite to suit the needs of the occupants, so that 
 the structure when built will always permit you to see its organs and 
 how these organs work. This sort of construction is the only satis- 
 factory one to people of sense and taste, there being a good reason 
 for it. 
 
 In building, every detail is worthy of close attention and everything 
 should be taken into account. In all things the way to avoid an evil 
 is to analyze and search for its cause and to determine its effects, 
 for we can only appreciate what is good by a knowledge of what is 
 bad ; so much so that in the absence of the bad we cannot admit that 
 the good exists. And it requires a large experience to know what 
 must be avoided in building, while if you are born an architect you 
 will readily discover in what the good and beautiful exists ; and if 
 not, all the examples that the world contains will not give you talent. 
 A sight of the finest achievements of the art may pervert the minds 
 of some, if when they see them no one is there to explain how the 
 authors succeeded in making them beautiful, because they avoided 
 falling into such and such faults. 
 
 An exact mind and experience is only acquired by long and 
 tedious study, and the observation and experience aid us to recognize 
 what is bad and avoid it ; besides what is good in one place is bad in 
 another, by reason of climate, habits, and the quality of the ma- 
 terials and their adaptability to this or that local circumstance. You 
 cannot establish absolute rules in building, since experience, reason- 
 ing and reflection must always intervene when building is undertaken ; 
 all the special circumstances which come up in an architect’s career 
 have to be dealt with and worked out in a certain method to solve 
 the problem, and it requires no small amount of intelligence and ob- 
 servation to work out these cases in a manner that no given rule ever 
 yet invented could foresee. 
 
 There is in every community a class of persons who sow broad- 
 cast their advice to any and every one with whom they come in con- 
 
 
Designs 4, 5 and 6 
 
 9 
 
 Plate 3 
 
 Copyright, 18S8, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE 4. 
 
 Design 7 — Shows plans and elevations of a two-story cottage house, so arranged as to accommodate 
 either one or two families. Cost, $1,000. 
 
 Design 8 — Illustrates a neat six-room cottage, giving two sets of floor plans for same elevations, the 
 changes in plans being brought about by a change in the location of stairs. Cost, $875. 
 
 tact who may be interested in the erection of buildings — men who 
 have read and traveled and who know a little of everything, and 
 whose opinions are greatly respected in their neighborhoods. These 
 men always pretend to give a simple solution to everything, whether 
 politics, science, commerce or even the arts ; they have themselves 
 built houses, and were their own architect, making their own plans 
 and contracts, treating directly with suppliers and supervising the 
 works — men who are by themselves regarded as infallible judges on 
 every subject that comes up ; they are honest, polite, and sometimes 
 even generous to those who may, through interest or conviction, 
 flatter their eccentricities. Such are some whose experience has cost 
 them dear, and having had such misadventures are ever ready to try 
 help snatch one — a brand from the burning as it were — and who are 
 ever ready with “Will you permit me a few remarks;’’ and they 
 proceed after this wise : “ Now really this all looks very nice on 
 
 paper, and seems to be excellent ; still as I have seen and compared 
 a good deal, I tell you frankly I don’t think that this is really just the 
 thing for you ; excuse me, but do you see the size of this room ? 
 why, it don’t come in to suit carpets ; now when I have built a house, 
 I have always made it so as to fit carpets, and I should strongly ad- 
 vise the making of this room eight inches wider, so as to accommo- 
 date five breadths of carpet. Now this I think is an indispensable 
 feature, as it never seemed to me right to turn the carpet under ; ” 
 still, when you inform him that the floor in question is to be of hard- 
 wood with a border of darker wood around it, he is never taken back 
 but still insists that the change should be made, as it may be car- 
 peted some time. “ Yes, there are some very good ideas in the plan, 
 but I think if I were you I would throw those two small rooms into 
 one and have one large room. I have seen houses something like 
 this arranged that way ; then 1 think instead of passing through this 
 closet from dining-room to kitchen, a direct communication would 
 be better, as you would not have but one door to pass through — 
 he never thinks why there are two doors — “ my house is that way and 
 it is very handy ” — perhaps so ! “ then I cannot say that I like this 
 large roof — it seems to me there is too much of it ; now I would stop 
 this part and flatten this porch-roof instead of running the main roof 
 right down, as it would not look so long ; it is well enough for Eng- 
 lish houses, but it never seemed to me right to have it so here — and 
 besides, you seldom see such roofs here.” These men don’t know 
 why such a roof is better for this climate than for England, nor does he 
 see why you should be so foolish as to go and erect anything that is 
 in accordance with what he does or has done ; you must share his 
 opinion or you do not know anything. 
 
 You may be very inexperienced yourself in building, but if so 
 your architect should know enough for both himself and you, and 
 while your busy neighbor may ply you with his wholesale advice, you 
 need not sacrifice yourself to any whims or suggestions he may make. 
 Never mind how much he don’t like your large roof, your gables, 
 or your internal arrangements, if they are what you want ; go straight 
 ahead in the path you have marked out and let your advisers go their 
 way ; if they want their ideas carried out let them do it themselves at 
 their own cost — let them produce their own works of vanity erected 
 for vanity’s ^ake, or for desires of their own misapplied talents, reap- 
 ing the reward of their folly, which will only be admired by them- 
 selves for their own lives and then abandoned. 
 
 Our experience has been very large with this class of advisers ; 
 we have stumbled across them in our professional path so frequently 
 that we now have a formula ready to salute them with, and while we 
 
 firmly believe that we shall never agree with such, we presume they 
 have a reason of existence and a right to be heard, and if they would 
 always let those who know more than themselves hear them, w r e 
 should have no fault to find. 
 
 We feel it would be no trouble for us to fill a volume of 200 
 pages with advice given to our clients and criticism of the uninformed. 
 Only a week or two ago one of our clients, 1,500 miles away, wrote 
 us that he was not aware how many disinterested friends he possessed 
 until he commenced building ; almost every one he met had something 
 to say about what he was erecting — people seemed to think he was 
 spending his money to suit them instead of himself. When we for- 
 warded him the drawings, etc., we put him on guard against his 
 friend’s advice, and told him to go by the drawings and specifica- 
 tions and not to deviate from them, no matter what advice he got, 
 and if he wished any information to communicate with us. He has 
 done this, and says he threw overboard seven tons of everybody’s ad- 
 vice and took only ours in the erection of his home ; if he had taken 
 most of his friend’s advice he would have built the usual large dry 
 goods box with a flat roof ; but the result is very different, and as 
 the press in speaking of it says : “It is a pretty residence, and Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. may well feel proud of their new and comfortable 
 
 home.” 
 
 Let your architect do the thinking for you which you pay him 
 for, and you will save time, trouble — and most of all, expense. 
 
 “ Gentlemen : 
 
 “ I have been advised by some of my neighbors to dispense 
 with the stone foundation for my house, and to cement the sides of 
 the ground to form walls, starting the brick underpinning upon the 
 ground. What would you advise me to do about it ? 
 
 “ Yours, etc., W. J. ” 
 
 The above letter was received from a gentleman we had furnish- 
 ed with plans for a Cottage Home, and as we had given him full 
 plans, working drawings and specifications for construction, we could 
 not understand what he was driving at, and we had to think twice 
 before attempting to answer it. In the first place we came to the 
 conclusion, here is a gentleman who is troubled with the advice of his 
 neighbors, which he probably thinks considerable of, who no doubt 
 flocked around him like so many moths around a light, and he has no 
 decided mind of his own, or else he would consult his drawings and 
 specifications and be governed accordingly. We answered in this wise : 
 
 “ Dear Sir : 
 
 “Yours of the 2d inst. is at hand and contents noted. In 
 reply would say we never yet in all our experience heard of such a 
 mode of construction as referred to in your letter, and should cer- 
 tainly infer that your neighbors are strange people to advise you to 
 do any such thing and we should think very ignorant in these mat- 
 ters and incapable of giving advice. We will suppose that you con- 
 struct your wall in this way and watch the result say for one year. 
 It is now an excellent time to build, the weather is fine and building 
 operations can be pushed to good advantage You get your cellar 
 dug, but do not dig close up to the walls, to avoid the dirt falling in, 
 and probably slope them to counteract this trouble. You level the 
 top all around, so as to start your underpinning and run up the brick 
 work from the ground line the proper height to receive the frame 
 above. Well, this all looks very nice, everything going along pleas- 
 antly ; the frame is raised and sheathed and enclosed in good time, 
 the floors are laid, partitions set, the walls plastered, and you pro- 
 
 * 
 
 ■ Mfcl mil 
 
 
Designs 7 and 8 
 
 Plate 4. 1 
 
 — 51 DC lOt'l- 
 
 fO £ O 
 
 sc a E h- H+km I- 
 
 >0 
 
 30 
 
 °r f E£ j 
 
 - cLcx/a T IO^J- 
 
 Copynght, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
 1 
 
PLATE 5. 
 
 Design 9 — Illustrates a two-story and attic cottage the floor plans of which explain -themselves. The 
 exterior is very plain yet neat in design. The mantel is designed to be of wood and the cut work picked out 
 incolor. Cost, $1,400. 
 
 Design 10 — Is a good study for a four-room cottage, suited to the requirements of a small family, and 
 was designed for a farm laborer’s cottage. Cost $600. 
 
 ceed to finish up the inside work ; all still going along nicely, noth- 
 ing to be seen amiss with the foundation walls, they are as firm as a 
 rock, no cracks, in the underpinning visible, and you begin to pre- 
 pare for and do the cementing in the cellar, all the time congratulat- 
 ing yourself what a sensible man you are to take your friends’ advice 
 and save all that stone work, though it does take considerable ce- 
 ment to cement the sides ; why, how nice it looks! Certainly you 
 have a far more solid appearing wall than rough stone would make, 
 besides it is pleasanter to the eye. You get your house finished, 
 painting done, and now you are moving in, putting down carpets and 
 getting everything set to rights generally. All this time you have 
 been busy as could be, and had no time to think further about your 
 
 cellar walls ; however, Mrs. calls your attention to the door 
 
 opening into the parlor ; it don’t shut and catch properly — would 
 you just fix it ; and upon examination you find it strikes the top 
 corner of the casing. You think this strange ; why, it was all right 
 a day or two ago ; and while you are casting your eyes up to examine 
 the door you notice a crack in the angle of the wall and ceiling on 
 both sides of the partition in the hall and parlor, which you think 
 to yourself is only the natural result of slight shrinkage of timber, 
 and something that always happens to a new house ; you get your 
 carpenter to plane off the top corner of the door, the painter to touch 
 it up, and all is straight again — no, not exactly. There is trouble 
 with the windows in the rear angle of the dining room— they don’t 
 seem to fit as they did when you first moved in ; the sash locks bind 
 and you cannot lock them. You begin to think the carpenter was 
 not as particular about the fitting of the windows as he should have 
 been. Of course this must be fixed, the windows must be locked ; 
 and in the meantime you insert a stick from top of meeting rail of 
 lower sash to lower edge of top rail on upper sash, as you have seen 
 the carpenter fasten the windows before the locks were in place. 
 Well, you wait a day or two and see your carpenter, he calls and 
 looks at your windows, sees what is the matter and wonders how that 
 came to fit so badly, as he fitted those very sash himself and knows 
 full well he did not leave them in any such state as he now. finds 
 them ; he takes out the sash, planes off the corners where they bind, 
 and makes them lock, although he cannot make the lock rails come 
 together level as they ought to, yet they work all right, so that will 
 
 do ; but stop ! Mrs. says will he just fix the pantry door — it 
 
 touches on the bottom and shuts hard ; he lifts it off its hinges, eases it 
 and replaces it. What he took off the bottom corner is wanting now on 
 the top. Nothing like plenty of play you think— better have them 
 small enough than be all the time troubled this way. Well, you think 
 that now as you have the carpenter here you had better look over all 
 doors, etc., and have a general fixing up ; you go all over the first 
 floor and fix a catch here and a bolt there, and then pass up stairs to 
 find the two windows in the rear gable over dining room don’t work 
 as well as they might ; you fix them. This closet door, which is just 
 over pantry door, seems to bind a little, and the door into front 
 chamber binds on the bottom. This door is over the parlor door, 
 and as it is hinged on contrary side to parlor door, it binds on bot- 
 tom in place of the top. You get everything put in working order, 
 touch up your painting, and find you have considerable cracks in the 
 
 wall ; you get a mason and have them all fixed, and now you think 
 you can be at peace and have no more trouble ; you have often heard 
 it said that the lumber will shrink and cause walls to crack, doors to 
 sag and things to settle generally, and suppose your house is no 
 worse than any other in this respect. 
 
 “ You commenced building in spring ; the summer is passed and 
 the leaves fallen from the trees — you have everything as you think 
 made snug for winter ; you start up your fires, and all goes as merry 
 as a marriage bell until Christmas morning, when you come down 
 stairs and find you have three doors in your house that won’t open. 
 They seem to be loose enough on one end, but really it looks as if 
 they were grown in on the other end. Finally you succeed in pry- 
 ing them open, only to find they cannot be shut again, and upon 
 opening the window of your parlor you find the sash lock very hard 
 to turn, and when it has been opened you cannot lock it again. It 
 is impossible for you to understand what all this means, and it is such 
 a bitter cold morning you cannot bother about it. Upon passing 
 out of your front door you find that also troubled in the same way 
 and don’t operate properly ; the key turns hard in the lock, and 
 when turned you cannot relock the door. You don’t know what has 
 got into your doors and windows, and with the thermometer at zero 
 you don’t feel like investigating the matter. Then what is it? Why, 
 dear sir, it is Jack. Don’t you know him ? Jack Frost ; he has 
 been in an elevating mood the last night or two, having now pene- 
 trated some fifteen inches into the ground, and as he burrows into 
 the ground he expands, and as there is only one way for him to grow, 
 and that upwards, why up he comes, and up your house comes with 
 him ; and as the verandas keep off a good deal of frost from walls, 
 where they are so covered up, there Jack has not gone as deep ; con- 
 sequently one part of your house is raised somewhat higher than the 
 others — hence the confusion among doors and windows. Things go 
 on rising and falling, the doors shut and then they don’t, and you 
 are all the time fluctuating with the weather, now up and then down. 
 
 “ When winter is over and Jack is leaving for foreign parts, you 
 are in a general uproar. The water soaks through your beautiful 
 and economical cellar wall, the cement flakes off in big pieces, bring- 
 ing with it large pieces of earth, the water is oozing and trickling into 
 your cellar and your whole house is in a general dilapidated condi- 
 tion, roof leaking at chimneys, and you are entirely discouraged. 
 At this time, one year from commencement of building, what have 
 you ? a rickety tumble-down house, not fit for man to live in and not 
 safe. The way to avoid this trouble — the same old story we have 
 repeated to our clients hundreds of times — is to keep both ears open; 
 one to take in the advice from your neighbors and the other to let it 
 out. Read, mark, learn and inwardly digest the drawings and speci- 
 fications we sent you. Go by them, deviating neither to the right or 
 the left and the general result will be as directly opposite from the 
 result as here described as it is possible to be — for as a sure founda- 
 tion is the keystone of success in everything, so must every house 
 have a sure foundation under it, so that all its parts when built will 
 be retained in their proper position, and insure a harmonious work- 
 ing of the whole. Yours very truly, 
 
 “ PALLISER, PALLISER & CO.” 
 
■am** - - 
 
 13 
 
 PLATE 5- \ 
 
 _L DESIGNS 9 AND 10, 
 
 T 
 
 I 
 
 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser. PalUser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE 6. 
 
 Design i i — Is a six-room cottage, of a very plain and neat design. Cost $850. 
 
 Design 12 — Shows a cottage with two rooms on first floor, with room for two bed-rooms on second floor, 
 and which would make a neat house for anyone requiring the amount of room and conveniences here illustra- 
 ted. The sink it is designed to enclose, shelves being arranged above it. Cost, $375. 
 
 Employment of Architects. 
 
 The American public only require to be shown what well qualified architects really can 
 
 and ought to do for them, to appreciate and remunerate them accordingly. 
 
 Verbum sap Sapienti. 
 
 When any one contemplates building, no matter whether it is a 
 building to cost but $500, if he is wise he will consult an architect 
 with reference to its design, construction, etc., and this is usually 
 done, except with those who cannot be taught anything in architec- 
 ture, or that other class who are ignorant and think they cannot 
 afford to pay an architect. If the latter is really true they certainly 
 cannot afford to build. 
 
 Some people have an idea that it is useless to employ an archi- 
 tect unless for an important building and that for ordinary dwelling 
 houses a builder is all that is necessary to carry out their wishes. 
 But it must be remembered that a builder is not an architect and 
 that he has no convictions unless in regard to the mechanical mys- 
 teries of his trade, where his employer cannot follow him ; and, not 
 finding them in his way, is content to leave them uncrossed. The 
 employer, knowing that the mechanic expects to be directed, does 
 not hesitate to watch him and follow him up with instructions. He 
 ends by securing at least the particular things on which his mind is 
 set ; and if he fails of a good many conveniences and elegancies 
 which the skillful adjustment of an architect would give him, he does 
 not know it and so does not miss them. 
 
 It is a well known fact that when a builder has complete draw- 
 ings to work from, that he will save a large amount of time that he 
 would otherwise have to spend in thinking up every detail of the 
 work as it progresses, to say nothing of the time the employer would 
 have to spend with him. The possible alterations in the work caused 
 by advice from his friends or his study by practice, is money saved, 
 by having a thoroughly studied and prepared design from which no 
 deviations are made and which would enable the builder to go through 
 with the work with the utmost dispatch. 
 
 Architects, like other professional men, come in contact with all 
 sorts of clients. Perhaps the best are those who have in mind an 
 ideal house, which they wish, with the assistance of an architect, 
 to put into a tangible shape. One who has given the subject thought 
 can easily describe the arrangement of rooms that would best please 
 him, and what adjuncts seem to him indispensable ; and if he has a 
 partiality for any particular style, the architect would be glad to know 
 it. With this information before him, and knowing what the client 
 would be willing to spend on the house, the architect can work under- 
 standingly ; and you may rest assured he will perpetrate nothing 
 that will be in violation of good taste. When we say this it is under- 
 stood that the architect is one of ability and standing and worthy his 
 client’s confidence. 
 
 Some people are in the habit of forming a vague idea of what 
 they want, founded merely on what they have seen, with such changes, 
 omissions or additions as their education and circumstances suggest; 
 they give their ideas and instructions to the architect, while at the 
 same time they impress upon him the necessity of adhering to a cer- 
 tain limit of cost, as if it were in his power to give them what accom- 
 modation he pleases for their money, when it can only buy so much 
 
 material and labor according to their prices, and he can only exercise 
 his ingenuity and judgment in such a way as to make the most of 
 them. 
 
 The architect at the outset identifies himself with his client’s 
 interests ; and they should not lose sight of their relative position. 
 The architect should be frank and the client should give the archi- 
 tect his confidence the same as he would his physician. If the sum 
 the client is willing to invest is not sufficient to pay for the building 
 that he requires and expects to have, the architect should tell him so; 
 and it is much better for the architect’s interest as well as the client’s 
 that the disappointment should be suffered because the project must 
 be modified or abandoned than because it has involved an unexpected 
 expenditure. There should be a thoroughly confidential relation 
 between an architect and his client, a relation which is not like an 
 ordinary business negotiation, but is rather like that of a legal 
 adviser. It is to the client’s advantage to use the utmost freedom of 
 consultation, and to take care that his work is not made less satis- 
 factory by hurrying it, nor by taking for granted things that might 
 be explained. 
 
 There are many difficulties that might be obviated by the archi- 
 tect, and there are many that require the cooperation of the architect 
 and client to remove. 
 
 There are few persons who do not intend to build some time in their 
 lives, and people should always live in a home of their own, no mat- 
 ter how humble that home may be. Better only to have two rooms to 
 live in than be without a hearfhstone of their own, leading a life 
 which is destined to be fraught with all that lacks an interest in prac- 
 tical things, and leads to a life which is sure to warp and run into 
 the quicksands of nonchalance and a don’t-careism for all occupation 
 and responsibility of the home pleasures and comforts that surround 
 the happy possessors of homes. 
 
 The custom which is becoming a general one — for each one who 
 contemplates building to mark out some idea of the arrangement of 
 rooms, etc., suited to their wants is a good one, and should be stud- 
 ied more by those about to build than is usually the case, and then 
 submitting your ideas to your architect to be by him worked up into ' 
 practical shape. If by making an effort to express in this way an 
 idea you think good, or as inexperienced people often have it, per- 
 fect and cannot be bettered, you hesitate to submit this expression 
 to your architect because he is better informed than yourself, in the 
 fear of provoking more criticism than praises, such would not be mod- 
 esty, but a sentiment of ill placed pride that frequently deprives 
 you of advice which could not fail to be valuable. When one has 
 done the best he can he must not shrink from criticism, for that is 
 the only means of finding out what is deficient, and consequently the 
 best way to ascertain what is really wanting in the work. People 
 cannot begin too early to discuss their plans and think the matter 
 over before committing themselves to what they may wish otherwise 
 when it is too late. 
 
 The usual way of employing an architect is to wait till the last 
 moment, and then tell him that the building must be completed by 
 a certain short time. How much wiser it would be to commence 
 consulting and planning six months or a year before building actu- 
 ally begins, study drawings and designs ; in fact, educate one’s self 
 to know what one does want, and as far as possible what one ought to 
 want. Such a course would often result in discouragement. But 
 even suppose that a man pays a considerable sum for advice, sketches, 
 
Designs i i and i g 
 
 15 
 
 PLATE 6. 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York, 
 
PLATE 7. 
 
 Design 13 — Illustrates a fire-proof brick cottage, proposed for erection in blocks of five or six together. 
 Est°mated cost, $1,150. 
 
 Design 14 — Represents a view in elevation of five fire-proof brick cottages. Plans similar to design 13. 
 
 Design 15 — Plans and front elevation of two-story five-room fire-proof cottage, for erection in blocks. 
 Cost, $850, 
 
 etc., and spends some of his time in artistic and practical study and 
 discussion. We say suppose he does this, when, after all said and 
 done, he concludes not to build; has he wasted his time and his 
 money? Not at all. He has spent both in gaining a peace of mind 
 and confidence in his convictions that are worth much more in com- 
 parison to the dissatisfaction that so often follows building, to say 
 nothing of the increase of his general information and consequent 
 enjoyment. 
 
 How many men are saying at this time: “If I build again, I 
 
 should know better than adopt this or that, or plan or build in this 
 way!” There are only two ways to avoid this disappointment — - 
 either to take the trouble to educate one’s self as we have suggested, 
 or, as most Englishmen do, to select an architect on whose taste, 
 ability and character you can rely, and let him alone. The former 
 of these alternatives will not always prove successful, because there 
 are those whose natural inclinations are not artistic, and again, those 
 whose natural inclinations are not practical. 
 
 The second alternative is undoubtedly the one for most persons to 
 pursue, although it may be, that, however competent and tasteful an 
 architect may be, he still may not produce a work that is to your 
 taste. But, with few exceptions, is it not your taste at fault ? A 
 person cannot be said to have an opinion upon a matter of archi- 
 tecture, any more than upon a composition in music, without more 
 or less special study, according to the bent of his mind ; because 
 architecture, like music, is an artificial art ; not pretending to repre- 
 sent any natural object. 
 
 In architecture, taste is governed by several well defined excellen- 
 cies ; and a building in whole or in part, is good or bad as a matter 
 of fact, dependent upon no individual judgment. In the first place, 
 there is the excellence of plan to meet certain requirements, which is 
 indisputable ; and this is closely allied to the aesthetic ; for the best 
 plan is that one which, while it fulfills the practical needs of the pro- 
 ject, also admits of an artistic treatment, expressive of the purpose. 
 A plan may be admirably adapted to the purpose of a building, while 
 the building has no other merit ; but this only shows that another 
 disposition should have been made of the plan, retaining its fitness, 
 while it should be the most economical one consistent with mechani- 
 cal and scientific principles. In regard to expression, there is the 
 traditional, the practical, and the sensual ; sensual meaning the ex- 
 pression due to form and color, without regard to the purpose of the 
 building. 
 
 Sensual beauty in architecture, at all events, is not a matter of 
 opinion. There are combinations and relations of form and color 
 that are disagreeable to the eye for scientific reasons, and those 
 reasons the same for which some combinations of musical notes are 
 painful to the ear ; and combinations of form and color can be re- 
 fined to the same extent that those of musical tones can be. There 
 are millions of people who derive more enjoyment from listening to 
 a hand-organ playing a popular air, than ihey could possibly appre- 
 ciate from hearing Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony; but do we doubt 
 for an instant that tins preference is due to a lack of education or of 
 a sense of music ? 
 
 To judge of the practical excellence of an architectural design, 
 one must unquestionably know something of materials, and their 
 uses and possibilities, to determine whether the result has been 
 achieved with economy and in the best manner. This excellence, 
 then, must be a fact, and not an opinion. 
 
 Then, as to expression ; a building, or any part of one, should sug- 
 gest its uses as far as possible ; for it would be absurd, manifestly, 
 to be unable to decide, even at the distance of half a mile, which of 
 three buildings is a church, a prison, or a dwelling house ; and on a 
 nearer approach, the detail and disposition, external and internal, 
 should carry out the first impression. These distinctions, again, can 
 be refined ad infinitum ; and good taste should forbid an attempt to 
 deceive, and should avoid shams and impositions as an element of 
 vulgarity. 
 
 There are too many buildings assuming the air of Grecian or Ro- 
 man temples, with the aid of sham decoration that is as vulgar as 
 false jewelry. Sham decoration may be made up of expensive ma- 
 terials, and still be sham as decoration ; for all decoration should be 
 functional sesthetically ; that is, its use should be to emphasize the 
 natural expression of the work. In short, if a building is founded 
 upon the best plan for its purpose, its exterior and interior follow as 
 a matter of course, either intimating the other dispositions, and ex- 
 plaining them ; the detail being confined to the explanation of parts, 
 and being in some instances phonetic. 
 
 Clients should bear in mind that the responsibility of saying they 
 do not like that or this design can only be indulged in by those who 
 have acquired a knowledge of the art ; and these seldom express 
 themselves until they have endeavored to fathom the artist’s inten- 
 tion, knowing that a good work does not show itself in all its advan- 
 tages at a glance, and that to condemn a work, without knowing why, 
 is to confess one’s self a child in discretion. 
 
 It is astonishing what ridiculous suggestions and objections 
 clients will have when a design is being prepared for them. For in- 
 stance, a case we had a short time ago. A client came to us to pre- 
 pare him a design to cost $2,500 ; the floor plans were laid out and 
 made to his satisfaction ; then we made the elevations, but he objected 
 to an open timber cornice on his house, because he thought it would 
 look like what they always put on barns. We talked with him a long 
 time, and after seeing other and more costly houses than his with the 
 same finish, he concluded that we were right, and that if he had 
 known at first what he learned by a little study, he would not have 
 been so foolish as to make such an objection. The party also made 
 many other objections, in some of which we showed him he was 
 wrong, while in others our arguments were useless and he would have 
 his own v/ay. This is one of the many instances that has come 
 under our notice, though they are of rare occurrence nowadays. 
 Finally, we ascertained where the trouble lay- — it was with an old fogy 
 of a carpenter who was to erect the building, and from whom our 
 client was receiving his education in architecture — from an ignorant 
 village carpenter, who did not know how the cornice or any other 
 part of the work — as designed by us — was constructed until he re- 
 ceived the working details ; all he knew was what he had done before 
 over and over, and he had never studied anything outside of the 
 village in which he lived, and in which the houses are made up of 
 white boxes with green blinds. Such men as these are stumbling 
 blocks in the way of architecture in the village and country, and we 
 would strongly advise anyone who intends to build to let such men 
 severely alone. 
 
 Had this builder been any sort of draughtsman, we presume our 
 client would never have come to us, but would have had his builder 
 scratch out his ideas on paper, or perhaps on a board, and then 
 commenced building without any regard to taste or proportion or any- 
 
■A..... - . 
 
 17 
 
 Plate 7. 
 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
 

 18 
 
 4 
 
 T* ~ ' 
 
 ■n 
 
 PLATE 8. 
 
 Design i 6— Shows plans and 
 means. Cost, $86o. 
 
 Design 17 — Elans and perspective view of an attractive little cottage of four rooms, with bath-room and 
 conveniences ; laundry in cellar. Is suitable for anyone having a small family. Cost, $900. 
 
 elevations of a six-room cottage, suitable for a workingman of small 
 
 thing else ; that is the manner in which many of the dwellings are 
 erected throughout the country, and why we see so much bad archi- 
 tecture. Of course, in this way people have not to pay for the ser- 
 vices of an architect, and some clients are apt to lose sight of the 
 fact that a poor article can always be had for a small price. 
 
 We have known instances where several builders, irresponsible 
 and without credit, have been at work preparing drawings for the same 
 person who was thinking of building, with the understanding that 
 they were not to receive any remuneration for their drawings, but 
 they were simply doing this to try and get the work. This would no 
 doubt be a good thing for the client, provided the drawings were of 
 merit, as they would assist him in some measure in getting his ideas 
 and wants together ; but we warn the public against such a proceeding, 
 as no man can work for nothing, and if one of these builders should 
 secure the work, depend on it he will make up for this in a manner 
 that will not be noticed by the owner. 
 
 Care should always be taken by parties who have buildings to 
 erect to ascertain the standing and character of the builder about to 
 be engaged ; it would be well to examine some of the work he has 
 done, and question the owners of buildings recently erected by him 
 as to the manner in which he did his business and work. When a 
 competition for work is opened it would be well to allow only reliable 
 builders — either of whom would do the work well — to estimate on 
 the work, but it is too often the case that the client gives every ap- 
 plicant a chance, especially those who have the reputation for turning 
 out work at a low figure. One of these men, without capital and 
 with little or no credit, is sure to get the job, and the client sees only 
 the difference in figures. And yet it is vain to hope that a builder will 
 give his employers a dollar’s worth for ninety cents ; he may contract 
 to do so, but depend upon it, that, as the grocer who offers to sell 
 coffee ready ground for less than he asks for the green berry, will 
 supply us with anything but Java or even Rio, so the builder will 
 contrive to cheat in some way to avoid a loss he would otherwise sus- 
 tain — no matter how much he may be watched, frauds will be smug- 
 gled in by a man who is forced to make himself whole. The mo- 
 ment one’s back is turned, the foreman — like master, like man — 
 puts in inferior stock where it can be speedily covered up, and scanty 
 nailing where it cannot be detected till a future seasoning of the wood- 
 work reveals the fraud. 
 
 Take for example the laying of a floor ; one may examine the 
 stock, and have the good separated from the bad, and when the work 
 is done his eye may not be able to detect the introduction of any of 
 the inferior quality, if the builder has been smart enough to lay it 
 with the sappy side down. It all looks well, but how about the nail- 
 ing? One comes in from time to time suddenly and unexpectedly ; 
 the men keep on with their work, and put down the board they have 
 just squeezed into its place, nailing it properly and as it should be. 
 Another and another board is nailed in the same manner, but immedi- 
 ately one’s back is turned, one nail is made to do the duty of four 
 or five. A client who expects the architect to have his design satis- 
 factorily carried out by such men, expects him to make bricks with- 
 out straw. 
 
 We have had a great amount of experience with this class of 
 builders, who have taken work for a less amount than it was possible 
 to do it at, and with whom it was a terrible warfare all through, and 
 consequently they give architects a hard name because they are com- 
 
 pelled by the architect or superintendent to do their work as they 
 contracted to do it, and they lost by it, to the disadvantage of lumber 
 dealers and others who furnished material, and to the utter disgust of 
 owner and architect. Such builders are not likely to be recommended 
 to others. 
 
 We have taken down rod after rod of what appeared on the face 
 to be a good foundation wall, for the reason that the mason had only 
 used mortar on the face of the wall and had left the rest dry. Dis- 
 honest at heart, and this feeling intensified by the desire to get out of 
 the job without loss, he and his men become lynx-eyed ; and the mo- 
 ment they see anyone approaching who would be likely to inspect 
 their work, they hurry on the mortar and strive to cover up their 
 tracks. 
 
 We have no intention of crying down the honest and conscien- 
 tious builder, who will do his very best whether he is doing work from 
 an architect’s drawings or trying to carry out his employer’s ideas , 
 to such we hold out the right hand of fellowship, and say keep on in 
 your path, do good work and you will always be busy. The day is 
 not far distant when responsible builders and good work will be 
 employed more than they have been hitherto. 
 
 There are a thousand frauds that are practised by dishonest 
 builders, who resort to every measure to enable them to underbid re- 
 liable and good men. It is the old story of trying to get the maxi- 
 mum of show for the minimum of outlay. Everything is cheapened, 
 even the work of building dams to retain millions of gallons of 
 water, which we know if let loose, by the giving way of the wall, 
 would carry loss and distress to hundreds of homes. We want to 
 know from our own experience if it be possible for a horse to live on a 
 straw a day, and to see if we cannot solve the problem that would 
 make one dollar do the work of two. We say let such builders alone 
 as you would an architect who has had no professional training, who 
 is impracticable and of whose work you know nothing ; then you will 
 not be heard to say, when the work is completed, “ I would have given 
 two hundred dollars more to so and so — some one they know does 
 good work — and have him do the work.” 
 
 We need not discuss the absurdity of an architect making draw- 
 ings for approval by individuals, and yet we know of architects making 
 sketches and drawings for parties under the alternative sometimes 
 offered by quacks — no cure, no pay. This is adopted by some archi- 
 tects in their daily practice, to secure their clients by a sort of trap. 
 These same architects, when they hear of anyone about to build, will 
 flock around him and offer to do this, although they know that an 
 architect has already been employed — while common decency re- 
 quires that they should refuse to have anything to do with work with 
 which another architect is engaged, unless called in by him for con- 
 sultation — and they will ofttimes resort to the basest means to try 
 and have the client dismiss the architect whom he has already con- 
 sulted. It is needless to advise any one what to do with such inter- 
 lopers, as any man can at once read their character. Fancy a num- 
 ber of physicians running to a house where some one is ill and act- 
 ing in this wise. 
 
 There are clients who think they may try on architects as they 
 try on hats, not expecting to pay for any but the one they like best. 
 It is unnecessary for us to waste time in showing the unreasonable- 
 ness of this notion, and we regret that it is encouraged by what is 
 called the ragged fringe of the profession. 
 
 * W 
 
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 . 
 
 
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 i Designs 16 and 17. 
 
 19 
 
 PLATE 8. 
 
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 Copyright, 18S8, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE 9. 
 
 Design 18 — Illustrates a very attractive cottage of six rooms, with bath-roomand dressing-room on 
 second floor, spacious piazzas on front and rear, together with all the necessary conveniences required for 
 comfort and economy, making this a very desirable house for those requiring the comforts of a home. 
 
 This house should have a location suited to the design, to be in harmony, a hillside or mountainous 
 back-ground being the most desirable, and best calculated to give the desired effect. Cost, $1,500. 
 
 It is astonishing to see so many, who are otherwise intelligent busi- 
 ness men, offering their architects every temptation to rob them, by 
 driving bargains which a little thought would convince anyone can- 
 not afford a competence. 
 
 In regard to just remuneration for professional services, any 
 man of business knows that to have your business conscientiously and 
 properly attended to, one must engage persons who are honest and 
 capable, and that such cannot be had for nothing. It must be re- 
 membered that an architect’s fees are earned rather more by the pro- 
 tection he affords his client, than for his design and working draw- 
 ings, with their accompanying specifications, though this latter is a 
 most important document, and is too often inexpl cit and dangerous- 
 ly general in its provisions, entailing extras for which there is no ex- 
 cuse but the ambiguity of the description. In fact, it requires a 
 thoroughly competent architect to draw up a complete specification 
 — an exhaustive description of the work in every particular. 
 
 Some time ago we were employed by a committee to design a 
 church, and they informed us that an architect had offered his ser- 
 vice for nothing, but even at that they said his services would have 
 been dear. Also in the matter of a large public building on which 
 we were engaged, an architect offered his services for i-| per 
 cent less than we were paid, and no doubt there are plenty of people 
 ready to take a position without remuneration beyond what they can 
 steal. 
 
 So little does the public appreciate the difference in the skill and 
 labor of one architect and another, that they often allow a paltry 
 difference in charges of one-half per cent of cost — a difference which 
 he would think trivial in comparing the merits of two existing build- 
 ings if he were purchasing— determine the choice between architects, 
 without regard to the qualifications on which the whole success or 
 failure of the building will depend. It should be borne in mind that 
 it requires from seven to ten years of study and close application to 
 be reasonably admissible to practice, and for this time and cost of 
 preparation the architect is entitled to as fair a return as any invest- 
 ment of time and money can be had. 
 
 If you get cinders in your iron, it is because there are cinders in 
 the pay ; there is always good iron to be had. 
 
 Our advice to everyone who contemplates building is : secure 
 the services of a really well-trained and capable architect, pay him 
 properly and be guided by his judgment and experience — this will 
 also be the advice of anyone who is experienced in such matters, and 
 others who regret that they built without such aid. Of course every 
 one has their peculiar wishes to be provided for, and all these should 
 be presented to your architect before he commences the design. 
 Architects have their own ideas as to what form the building ought 
 to take, and should be allowed to use their own cultivated taste, 
 which it has taken years of constant study to acquire, and this 
 should not be thrown away for any momentary caprice, which the 
 client would be sorry for in the end. 
 
 An architect is one who prepares the plans, conceives the designs, 
 draws out the specifications ; in short supplies the mind ; the builder 
 is merely the mason or carpenter. The builder is, in fact, the 
 machine ; the architect, the power which puts the machine together 
 and sets it ; n motion. 
 
 RESPONSIBILITY OF ARCHITECTS. 
 
 The architect has far more to do with the health and usefulness, and long life of the 
 family which he shelters, than the physician can ever have, and he is in far greater degree 
 answerable for its ailments and its weaknesses, and its early deaths. 
 
 Pro bono publico. 
 
 It is the legitimate claim of an architect, that his skill enables 
 him not only to contribute his own ideas of comfort and beauty, but 
 to satisfy the special wants of his client — to carry out his wishes, 
 and even whims, if need be, more successfully than another, provid- 
 ed he is made fully acquainted with these wants and wishes ; and the 
 architect’s claim is pretty generally acknowledged nowadays where 
 his profession is well established. 
 
 Who is responsible, for the hideous structures which are daily 
 erected throughout the country, staring good taste out of counte- 
 nance ? The architects are not alone responsible for the crudities 
 that take shape under their hands. It is the client who is really to 
 blame, in a majority of cases, for giving birth to these monstrosities ; 
 but it is the architect whose name is associated with them who has to 
 bear the odium. 
 
 Some one has said that nearly every man thinks he knows some- 
 thing about both building and finance. It is true, but the views of 
 the wiseacre are not equally strong on both subjects ; for, while he 
 hesitates to invest his money without the advice of those who are 
 more experienced in such matters, he never questions his ability either 
 to plan a house or to criticise a design. If he has sickness in his 
 family, he does not presume to advise his physician as to the proper 
 mode of treatment ; nor would he feel warranted in suggesting to his 
 lawyer how to carry on an important suit ; but, when it comes to 
 house building, that is wholly a different thing. There he feels at 
 home, and will have everything his own way. In his eyes the archi- 
 tect is but little more than one employed to carry out his views, and 
 not to thwart him with suggestions of his own. 
 
 How galling it is to the architect who is full of enthusiasm and 
 ready to give his client his best, to be called upon to construct that 
 which will be in violation of the simplest rules of his profession, to be 
 asked to put up and father the crudities that even the owner will be 
 ashamed of when they are criticised by his better informed friends ! 
 Men who ask these things are as set in their views as they are igno- 
 rant of the laws of harmony and proportion. You will hear people 
 say, “ when I build my house I will have it as I want it or not at all.” 
 The client has it as he wants it, the architect’s argument being thrown 
 away on one who thinks he is the better informed of the two ; his 
 efforts to lead his client into the right channels are wasted, and he 
 sees now as he has seen before, and will see in the future, that he 
 must do the work as laid out or throw up that which will be worse 
 than drudgery to him, from beginning to end. He would be wise if 
 he were to throw up his pencil rather than accept the blame which 
 in a great part belongs to another. 
 
 When will the world learn the truth of the adage “ He who 
 would be his own architect will have a fool for a client ?” He who 
 would trammel his architect after he has given him his general in- 
 structions, would so dictate to him that the work when completed 
 
f Design 18- 
 
 Plate 9, | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 > f-RQ N T 'tZ E-VAT 1 O If— 
 
 . ■ 
 
 ■ 5.1 .PE. E.LE-VAT IDN1 
 
 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New t ork. 
 
PLATE io. 
 
 Design 19 — Shows plans, elevations, and perspective view of a pair of picturesque cottages, of five rooms 
 each. The first story it is designed to build of brick, faced with pressed brick, trimmed with molded buff 
 brick, black brick, and broAvn stone, laid up in read mortar ; the center division wall is of brick, built hollow 
 so as to prevent the transmission of sound. The second story to be built of wood, in the usual manner of 
 frame buildings. Cost, $1,400 a side. 
 
 must of necessity be a hodge-podge, is as unwise as he who calls no 
 professional aid. Nay, of the two the latter does the least mischief ; 
 for he only holds up to the world the evidence of his own folly, in- 
 stead of shifting the load to the shoulders of another. 
 
 We are aware that a fraction of the public still regard an archi- 
 tect as a mere draughtsman — an artist perhaps, but a sort of ne- 
 cessary evil whose duty is to make upon paper the picture of a build- 
 ing. 
 
 What do people realize of the actual responsibility which rests 
 upon their architect or the extent to which their lives are in his hand ? 
 Talk of the responsibility of a physician; that is indeed great. If 
 your friend falls ill he calls upon his good doctor to lead him back 
 to health ; and if possible this is done : if not one man dies. The 
 physician was not responsible for the illness ; he did his best to coun- 
 teract it but failed, and he is not blamed. But suppose your friend, 
 being in good health, takes tickets for himself, his wife and children, 
 to the opening of some new room, hall or theater, which an architect 
 has built. He goes with hundreds, perhaps thousands, under the ex- 
 citement of the pleasure of an opening night. Does he, or any of 
 that audience, realize for an instant what they have done — that they 
 have placed their lives in the architect’s hand and he has accepted the 
 trust ? We know that if by some error or oversight of the architect, 
 or had he miscalculated in this or that or the other direction, the 
 lives of your friend and family, with scores of others, are not worth 
 the price of their tickets. But do they know this ? Probably not ; 
 and it may be a merciful dispensation of Providence which blinds 
 them to the fact. But ignorance or parsimony upon the part of those 
 who are responsible for the erection of such buildings, leading them 
 to trifle with their safety, to employ incompetent builders, or if con- 
 sulting an architect of ability, to restrict him or in any way limit 
 him within the proper scope of his office is criminal. 
 
 Many architects have allowed their judgment to be overruled by 
 their client, for fear they would lose their employment by insisting 
 upon what they know to be right as a matter of construction or ma- 
 terial, and many a building has settled or failed in some particular 
 because the architect had not the pluck to assert his locus standi, 
 while the injury to his reputation is greater than if he had stood his 
 ground, and lost his client ; or still more, if his client had left him 
 and found an architect less scrupulous. In either case, when the 
 failure finally occurs, his judgment and integrity would be apparent, 
 and would gain as much prestige for him as his having built the 
 building successfully. 
 
 In France an architect is held responsible to the whole extent of 
 his means for work under him, and this gives him an authority -which 
 his client is bound to respect ; while it insures his conscientious ex- 
 
 I ertion. If this were the case in this country there would be less 
 building accidents reported through the daily press, and the number 
 of unqualified persons advertising themselves as architects would 
 greatly diminish. One should no more employ an architect than he 
 would a physician without knowing something of his ability and 
 standing. 
 
 The profession of an architect is closely identified with that of 
 ,, public health, and as sanitarians in the construction of every kind of 
 building, whether it be a stable, private dwelling or public building, 
 the vastness of their responsibility is at once evident. 
 
 “ Died of a bad air.” How often these words might, with truth, 
 be inscribed on the headstone of old and young. All that man can 
 
 do to make our modern houses warm and air tight, is done, and then 
 we Kindle a monstrous fire in the cellar, so arranged that all the air 
 we breathe must pass over plates of iron heated to a cherry-red before 
 it reaches us. Day and night is the same. We are warm and com- 
 fortable, nothing freezes in the house ; we have, nevertheless, taken 
 a viper to our bosom that will certainly sting us. No man can rob 
 his lungs of pure fresh air, and not pay for it in bodily health. Pure 
 air, and in large quantities, is as essential to our health and comfort 
 as animal food and nourishing drinks. In our efforts to perfect our 
 creature comforts, we have not only shut out the cold from our 
 dwellings, but with it the vitalizing air. 
 
 The architect must see to it that the house he builds is so 
 arranged that not only the temperature of the air in it can always be 
 regulated — at least to such a degree as advancing science enables him 
 to do — but also that the air be fresh and pure. In its sanitary char- 
 acter architecture must, therefore, look to the combination of heat 
 with pure air or ventilation. The architect in his relation to his 
 client is either a practical sanitarian or the reverse. 
 
 Our forefathers knew nothing of diphtheria and kindred diseases, 
 traced to what we term “ modern improvements.” Our plumbing 
 and sewers, if not properly trapped and ventilated, will lead the 
 poison into our dwellings, instead of removing it to a distance, 
 where it can do no harm. 
 
 It is only a few years ago that the whole British empire was 
 filled with anxiety on account of the illness of the heir-apparent to 
 the throne — an illness said to be due to imperfect drainage. To the 
 same cause is attributed the death by plague in London of 100,000 
 persons, and in the cities of our own country thousands die yearly by 
 the sarhe cause. No nation can afford, by the untimely making of 
 the graves of thousands of its producers, to lose its wealth and there- 
 by its greatness. 
 
 Dr. Chamberlain reports from a recent conversation with Dr. 
 Richardson, acting Secretary of the State Board of Health of Massa 
 chusetts, that they never have a fatal case of scarlet fever or diph- 
 theria without finding some cause for it in defective drainage, venti- 
 lation, or bad sewerage of the dwelling. 
 
 The contents of the vault saturates the whole of the surround- 
 ing earth, poisons the springs and the wells, and finds its way in little 
 currents through the interstices of the foundation walls of our houses; 
 there it throws off gases too slight to attract attention, but too dead- 
 ly to be inhaled by the inmates with impunity. The soil pipe is an 
 improvement, on this; but if it be not tight in all its parts, if there be 
 any imperfectly soldered or caulked joints, woe betide the man who 
 sleeps near it; for the destroying angel is abroad, and will find him as 
 surely as he lies down and rises up in an atmosphere so charged with 
 the germs of disease. He may not be conscious that the foe is near 
 at hand; for the leak may be slight, and during the day its effects will 
 be neutralized, in part, by open windows and doors; and, moreover, 
 as ‘‘evil communications corrupt good manners,” so the habitual 
 inhaling of a noxious atmosphere dulls the senses: and they soon 
 cease to detect the odor that would have startled them, had they not 
 gradually become, habituated to it. Anyone may test this. Let 
 him enter into a crowded and badly ventilated theater or other public 
 building, and he will take no more notice of it than the crowds who 
 have inhaled carbonic acid gas enough to insure to each a raging 
 headache for the following day. 
 
 Of course a great many of these buildings are not built by 
 
 

 Design 19. 
 
 93 
 
 Plate io. 
 
 
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 -frdmt elE^V/\tioN - 
 
 ■SifJE, ELLEV<ATI □ N~ 
 
 Copynght, i8;8, by Palliser, Pallisei & Co., Archiu.cls, IScw York. 
 
 mm «$*» . 
 
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 Li, . . ' % ■ 
 
PLATE i i. 
 
 Design 20 — Illustrates a house adapted to a site on a hillside, the kitchen and offices being placed in the 
 basement, and on rear, is entirely out of ground. The dumb-waiter, from the closet in kitchen to waiter’s 
 pantry on first floor, connected with dining-room, is a very desirable and convenient feature. Second floor 
 contains four sleeping rooms, and there is a good attic over the whole house. Cost, $1,700. 
 
 Design 21 — Is a two-story seven-room and attic cottage, suitable for a mechanic’s home, and can be 
 erected on a lot of small frontage. Cost, $1,600. 
 
 architects at all, but by the “ practical builders ” who do so much of 
 the bad building the whole country over. 
 
 There is only the excuse of public indifference to shield the 
 modern builder in view of his almost universal disregard of simple 
 and well known methods of wholesale house-drainage. He would 
 consider himself blameworthy if his mof leaked so badly as to 
 destroy the wall paper of a single room; but he expects no blame — 
 he would often scout the idea that he should be blamed — for a con- 
 dition of interior drainage which lays the whole household open to an 
 ever-threatening danger. At present not a man in ten thousand — 
 literally not one in ten thousand — cares or thinks anything about 
 this matter, beyond satisfying himself that his house has as good 
 plumbing as other people’s houses. His accustomed nostrils detect 
 no odor — even where to one fresh from the country the very entrance 
 hall is tainted with air from the drains; and where he can neither see 
 nor smell offence, he is quiet and content. He has yet to learn that 
 the most serious danger is often unattended by any marked warning 
 to the senses. 
 
 Where the battle rages fierce and long, are the dead and- dying 
 — but the plague and pestilence is not announced by the clashing of 
 arms and booming of cannon. 
 
 The architect, who is the creator of the sanitary condition of 
 the house, must give to its drainage and water supply system the 
 same intelligent and educated skill which he now applies to its ar- 
 rangement and beauty. 
 
 Architects have not been .held to any real accountability for 
 these things, and the people themselves are thus far at fault. The 
 demand creates the supply, and thus far it has been for handsome 
 houses, or for cheap houses, or for convenient houses, and these 
 have been supplied; the time is now at hand when the demand will be 
 for healthy houses first of all. 
 
 We say the responsibility of the architect is great indeed, but 
 how much more is the responsibility of those who erect buildings 
 without the aid of an architect? What is the responsibility, we ask, 
 
 of one who sets his irresponsible and crafty builder at work to erect 
 a building, which is usually the case when no architect is consulted, 
 the owner only studying parsimony — although the fees of a compe- 
 tent architect are not so much additional as he thinks; but on the 
 contrary a saving of at least five times the amount. This builder 
 knows nothing of design or the harmony of parts, neither the owner 
 who follows him up with his instructions, and they gather their ideas 
 from this and that or the other which they have seen; fancy looking 
 for a harmonious whole in a house built after this fashion. The 
 builder will turn an arch, and build a wall above it, ignorant whether 
 it will stand or fall when the center is struck; while his brother will 
 frame together a combination of timbers, innocent of any positive 
 knowledge whether his structure when finished will bear a locomotive, 
 or fall of its own weight; and the plumber, who has so much to do 
 with the health of the occupants, will get the impression that a cheap 
 job is required, and no one will take any interest in how he does it, 
 and the whole of the work will be scamped from beginning to end, 
 and the question arises will this building be fit for occupancy of man 
 when finished, and should not something be done to prevent the erec- 
 tion of buildings that will be a lasting injury to society ? 
 
 It is very much to be deplored that in many of our cities the 
 public has delivered itself over a willing victim, body and soul, to 
 the speculating builder. Stupidly housed in ugly, inconvenient and 
 monotonous brick boxes, with holes cut symmetrically in them, the 
 public stays contentedly until a fever breaks out or frost sets in. 
 Then, however, it immediately raises an insensate howl against the 
 architectural profession, which was never consulted, because sewer 
 gas was laid on to and fresh air carefully kept out of its dwellings, 
 and because all the pipes were left exposed to the elements. 
 
 We have no desire to claim infallibility for the capable members 
 of our profession, but will remind our readers that where such things 
 occur as we have here referred to, usually an architect was not at 
 all concerned, or if there was, he was probably limited in the scope 
 of his office. 
 
I designs 20 and 21 
 
 25 
 
 Plate ii . j 
 
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 Copyright, r888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
 J 
 
 
Design 22 — Shows a pair of frame cottages, of seven rooms each, which, when executed, make a very 
 attractive home for anyone requiring the amount of room this plan gives, and which can be erected for 
 
 9 
 
 $1,200 each. 
 
 A permanent home should be built with care and planned with a 
 special reference to the wants and necessities of the family; it should 
 be neat and attractive and in harmony with the lives to be spent un- 
 der its roof. A house or stopping place may be all external show, 
 with the larger part of the conveniences omitted internally, thereby 
 cheapening the cost, and which enhance the chances of many birds 
 filling the nest for a short time, and ultimately the place becomes 
 the half-way house between nowhere and home. Let us have perma- 
 nent homes, built in accordance with the times and of modern styles, 
 homes where the manly virtues may grow strong and flourish, and 
 which our children will ever remember in after years with pride. 
 
 It is quite surprising what a number of people there are who will 
 get about half a dozen hieroglyphics o. a piece of paper and then 
 think they are all ready to commence building, and that there is 
 nothing more to do but put hands to the rvork. But, softly, how 
 about the lettering and figuring of plans ; are the sizes of all rooms 
 figured out, the frame, the location and size of all doors and windows; 
 where are the specifications, the details of execution, the contracts 
 and a host of minor things which must be properly prepared and at- 
 tended to, if your building affairs are to be conducted in a practical 
 manner, for as sure as the compass is indispensable to the mariner 
 to steer by, so are the plans, specifications and details, requisite for 
 the builder to work by to obtain satisfactory results and to reach the 
 goal of proper construction and harmony of parts. 
 
 It is on the architect that the public must rely for the proper 
 construction of the building. 
 
 It is only a penny wise and pound foolish policy that says : “ Do 
 not employ an architect.” 
 
 People who have tried to be the architects of their own buildings 
 have instead been the architects of their own misfortunes and 
 emptied their pockets. 
 
 A simple suggestion from a competent architect is sometimes 
 worth his fees. 
 
 The intelligent public are convinced that architects who have 
 had every advantage by their training and experience can meet their 
 wants with practical contrivances and arrangements for their com- 
 fort, and that they can do this better than anybody else. 
 
 The faculty of inventing, designing and giving shape to concep- 
 tions so as to make them living realities, is a talent as indispensable 
 in the true architect, as a thorough knowledge of the strength of 
 materials and the proper and most economical mode of their use, 
 and anyone who dabbles in architecture without these talents is an 
 amateur, and an amateur architect is the worst of all amateurs, for 
 he not only builds structures that are hideous, but also wastes people’s 
 money. 
 
 Do the public want good architects ? Men show but little care 
 to get the best that are to be had. 
 
 An architect should be thoroughly practical and know how to 
 use material with economy, so as to carry out a proper construction 
 in building and not waste material, and consequently his client’s 
 money. 
 
 An architect is a confidential and responsible adviser. 
 
 Children and fools should never see anything half done. 
 
 Critics of architecture will hate a thing with all their might, but 
 they cannot substantiate their dislikes by telling one why — simply 
 because they don’t know and are not versed in architecture. These 
 kind of critics are heard a good deal nowadays and it seems as if 
 everyone were critics, though they don’t know the first principles of 
 what they are talking about. 
 
 It requires the same training to choose a design that it does to 
 make one. 
 
 When people ask you as to what you are doing, say to them what 
 the Japanese said when asked about the building they were erecting 
 at the Centennial — “ Wait, till comes time, you then see?” 
 
 John Smith was building him a boat, and everyone who came 
 along and saw what he was doing found fault with it and offered 
 their suggestions. Some said it was too shallow, others too deep, and 
 soon. Finally Mr. Smith got mad and informed his friends he was 
 building the boat for himself, and if after he was through they would 
 call on him he would be happy to build one to suit them all and then 
 he would chop it up. 
 
 People want to live in more comfortable and attractive houses 
 than they used to, and the designs shown m this book pleasantly in- 
 dicate their demand. 
 
FIRST FLOOR PLAN 
 
 SECDNra FLOOR PLAN- 
 
 ^RONT^ELLVATiDN-- 
 
 SIDE ELEVATIPM 
 
 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE 13. 
 
 Design 23 — Is a. very attractive cottage residence of seven rooms with attic ; cellar under the whole 
 house ; laundry in cellar ; gives a large amount of room for the cost. 
 
 The first story is designed to be clapboarded and the second story shingled. Cost, $1,300. (See Plate 
 1 for Perspective View.) 
 
 LiVid c i^nouf 
 
 F^DON] 
 
 ffS-o* i&o 
 
 J/^LL 
 
 Nijol E.rJ 
 
 10 <r*rz ' /" 
 
 
 Jo ’a’x/J Z' 
 
 WaLL 
 
 COTTAGE AT SCOOBA, MISS. 
 
 In a Southern climate the requirements for houses, either great 
 or small, are very different from what they are at the North. 
 
 Special attention must be paid to keeping cool in summer rather 
 than warm in winter ; therefore the rooms must be large and the 
 ceilings high. Cellars are not among the requisites. Neither is it 
 necessary in some parts to build solid foundations, there being no 
 frosts to get clear of ; and in some instances houses are set on logs 
 stood on the ground. In this case the frame is supported on brick 
 piers, and a large open space is left under the floor, which is properly 
 prepared so as to keep down damp. 
 
 It will be observed there is no kitchen provided, the cooking 
 being done in a small out-house provided for that purpose, so as to 
 keep the heat out of the house as far as possible. It is, however, 
 necessary at some seasons of the year to have a fire, and for this pur- 
 pose a large open fire-place is provided in the parlor. This fire-place 
 is built of brick, with' an arch turned in it, and the brick breast con- 
 tinued up ; the brick being left exposed in the room, and in this fire- 
 place it is intended to burn large logs on the hearth. The second 
 story or loft is merely a lumber room and air space between the roof 
 and rooms below. 
 
 The arrangement of the windows is one of the principal features 
 in the design. The lower sashes are arranged to slide into the walls 
 and the transom sash to swing. In this way the whole of the windows 
 can be opened instead of half, as is usually the case. The rooms 
 are well supplied with windows, and from their arrangement, if there 
 is a breeze, a good draft will be obtained. The front porch is ar- 
 ranged with a seat on each side, so that one may sit out of doors, 
 and yet be in the shade, which is a very desirable feature. This 
 cottage was designed for the residence of a laborer on the estate of 
 J. A. Minniece, Esq., at Scooba, Miss., to be built of yellow pine 
 throughout. Cost, about $500. We also give on this page 
 
 A COTTAGE AT BIRMINGHAM, CONN., 
 
 designed for a workingman of large family, and is a neat little cot- 
 tage, and well adapted for the purposes intended and the require- 
 ments of its occupants. The first floor contains living-room, 
 kitchen and bed-room, and on the second floor four bed-rooms, 
 with the necessary closet room. There is a cellar under the whole. 
 Interior finished in a plain manner, and painted in tints. Color on 
 exterior are : clapboards, light slate ; trimmings, light brown, and 
 trimmed up with red ; blinds, olive green. Cost, $900. 
 
DESIGN 23. 
 
 29 
 
 Plate 13 
 
 PANTFY- 
 
 - PQRCH 
 
 faALCDNV 
 
 _______ __________ _ — — 
 
 I Copyright, 1888, by PaUiser, Palliser & Co., Architeots, New York. 
 
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PLATE 14. 
 
 Design 24 — Gives plans, elevations, details, and perspective view of a comfortable, convenient cottage 
 home of six rooms, with tower which is designed to command a view of the surrounding country where 
 erected. Cost, $1,700. 
 
 We have always maintained, and shall continue to do 
 so unto the end, that any structure, no matter how in- 
 expensive, intended as a dwelling place for civilized 
 people, should be designed by a skilled man, and should 
 bear the marks of good design. Good design in archi- 
 tecture, as well as elsewhere, costs no more than bad 
 in the construction. . . 
 
 COTTAGE FOR A MILL HAND AT CHELSEA, 
 MASS. 
 
 Tips is a very attractive design, and intended to give 
 ample accomodation at a low cost for an ordinary family. 
 
 The cellar is placed under the kitchen and hall, which 
 was thought in this instance to be sufficient to meet all 
 requirements, though it is generally considered, in the 
 Eastern States at least, to be poor economy not to have 
 a cellar under the whole house, as it only requires about 
 one foot in depth of additional stone work to secure a 
 cellar, it being necessary to put down the stone work in 
 any case, so that it will be beyond the reach of frost. 
 
 The kitchen is without a fire-place, the cooking to be 
 done by a stove, which, if properly contrived, is a very 
 effective ventilator, and preferred by many housekeepers 
 for all kitchen purposes. 
 
 The parlor and dining-room or general living-room 
 are provided with the healthy luxury of an open fire- 
 place, and we know of no more elegant, cleanly and 
 effective contrivance for this purpose than the one adopted 
 in this instance ; they are built of buff brick, with molded 
 jambs and segment arch, and in which a basket-grate or 
 fire-dogs can be placed for the desired fire, and in this 
 way large rooms are kept perfectly comfortable in cold 
 weather without heat from any other source. These fire 
 places are also provided with neat mantels constructed of 
 ash, and which are elegant compared with the marbleized 
 slate mantel, which is a sham, and repulsive to an 
 educated taste. 
 
 On entering nearly every house in the land we find 
 the same turned walnut post at the bottom of the stairs 
 with tapering walnut sticks all the way up, surmounted 
 with a flattened walnut rail having a shepherd’s crook at 
 the top ; however, in this instance, it is not so, but the 
 staircase is surmounted with an ash rail, balusters and 
 newel of simple, though unique design ; and now that 
 people are giving more attention to this important piece 
 of furniture, we may look for a change in this respect. 
 
 The house is supplied with a cistern constructed 
 with great care, the kitchen sink being supplied with 
 water by a pump, and there is no more easy method of 
 procuring good water for all purposes of the household. 
 
 For a compact, convenient cottage with every facility 
 for doing the work with the least number of steps, for a 
 low-priced elegant cottage, we do not know of anything 
 that surpasses this. Cost, $1,200. 
 
 Mr. A. E. Jones, of Newport, Ohio, is also erecting this cot- 
 tage with the necessary changes to suit points of compass. Such a 
 house as this if tastefully furnished, and embellished with suitable 
 
 surroundings, as neat and well-kept grounds, flowers, etc., will always 
 attract more attention than the uninviting, ill-designed buildings, no 
 matter how much money may have been expended on them. 
 
31 
 
 DESIGN 24. 
 
 PLATE 14. 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 Copyright. 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York, 
 
PLATE 15. 
 
 Design 25 — Shows plans, elevations, and perspective view of a neat cottage house, of six rooms, suit- 
 able for erection in the suburbs, or country. The interior is designed to be finished in pine, in a pleasing 
 manner and finished in natural color of wood — no paint. Mantels in parlor and dining-room to be of black 
 walnut. The roofs to be slated; clapboards painted Venetian red; casings, cornerboards and bands, Indian 
 red ; the chamfers and cut work black. Cost, $1,600. 
 
 COTTAGE AT WEST STRATFORD, CONN. 
 
 This handsome little house is near completion for E. R. 
 Tomlinson, and for a compact arrangement of plan cannot 
 be beat. There is a splendid cellar under the whole house, 
 arranged for the storage of fuel and other purposes; a well 
 has also been put down in the cellar, which with the cistern 
 supplies an unlimited amount of water at the kitchen sink 
 through the aid of a pump. The attic is very spacious, and 
 will be found very useful as a place for drying clothes, or 
 should it be found necessary at some future time two rooms 
 could be finished off, which would be almost as good sleeping 
 rooms as any in the house. 
 
 There is but one chimney, which is so placed that it can be 
 used from all the rooms on first floor; the stair-case is also 
 placed in a position to be easy of access from all parts of the 
 house; two doors are placed between the hall and kitchen, a 
 feature which cannot fail to commend itself. 
 
 The windows in the hall and stair-case are filled entirely 
 with ornamental and stained glass, as are also those in the 
 attic ; the other windows in the house have the lower sash 
 glazed in two lights of ordinary glass, while the upper sash has 
 a white light in center and small colored lights on each side. 
 The interior is finished in a very pleasing, yet economical man- 
 ner, the casings of doors and windows are trimmed with a back 
 mold, though they are not mitred at the angles as is usually 
 done, but a square block, ornamented with sunk work to be 
 picked out in color is placed in the corner, and the molding cut 
 square against it ; this is a decided improvement on the 
 monotonous mitred back mold which we see in nearly every 
 house. The rooms are all of ample accommodation to meet the 
 requirements, and each chamber is supplied with a good closet. 
 
 The exterior is very striking, the front gable is very hand- 
 some, and is a free rendering of what is known as the Queen 
 Anne style of architecture; the front veranda and especially the 
 hood over entrance is very pretty — in fact this is one of the 
 prettily designed cottages which will always attract attention. 
 
 An architect designs a building with special reference 
 to the colors to be used in painting, and as color is the life 
 of design, his instructions in this respect should be minutely 
 followed if the desired result is to be arrived at. This cot- 
 tage is painted Venetian red, trimmed with Indian red, the 
 chamfers, cut and sunk work being picked out in black, mak- 
 ing it very effective and showing the detail boldly. The cost is 
 $1,460, and we doubt if there is anyone who can show a prettier 
 house, either in arrangement or appearance for the same price. 
 
 Blessed are they who have homes ! 
 
 Let every man strive to own a home. 
 
 Mr. Tomlinson has sold this cottage to good advantage 
 and built larger from our plans. 
 
Design 25 
 
 33 
 
 Plate 15 
 
 - gin F ; ’ C -'E1 LELVAT 1 D Nl 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
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 PLATE i 6 . 
 
 Design 26 — Illustrates a seven-room house, furnished with all necessary conveniences. First floor, 
 main part finished in hard-wood, with hard-wood floor in hall, hard-wood mantels in parlor and dining-room. 
 The small panes in top sashes are filled with plain stained glass, the center light with ornamental ground 
 glass ; bottom sash, which is the only ones accessible for view, being of plain glass, and furnished with inside 
 blinds. Cost, $2,000. 
 
 COTTAGE AT LITCHFIELD, CONN. 
 
 This is a neat seven-room cottage, designed to fill a 
 narrow lot at a small cost. The house was designed to 
 face the West, and the South side was made more at- 
 tractive ; the front veranda is one of the features of the 
 exterior, and is very simple and chaste, yet elegant. 
 
 Besides the two floors in the main house, there is 
 an attic over the kitchen extension which may be used as 
 a stow-away. There is also a good attic over the main 
 house, and a ceilar under the whole house. 
 
 The room marked parlor is to be used as a general 
 living-room, hence it is provided with an open fire-place 
 and a neat hardwood mantel, and the interior throughout 
 is finished in a plain neat manner. 
 
 The wants of people are so unequal, and their opinions 
 so varied by the circumstances under which they are 
 formed, that it is the most natural thing in the world 
 for anyone to take up a plan and suggest innumerable 
 changes and additions, always forgetting the unalterable 
 condition of price, situation and object which restrained 
 the architect while working it np. To prepare a design 
 regardless of expense is an easy matter compared with 
 that of devising one that gives the largest amount, of ac- 
 commodation within a fixed limit of cost, and in all our 
 long experience we have never found a design that would 
 meet the requirements of different individuals without 
 some changes. 
 
 Two of these cottages are erected at Litchfield, 
 Conn., by Messrs. Devoe and Hills. Cost, about $1,650. 
 
 The cost of a house depends in a great measure on 
 a properly studied design, which does not consist alone 
 in the arrangement of rooms, etc., but involves a careful 
 study of construction ; a saving can be made by a proper 
 distribution of timbers as well as by the most economical 
 arrangement 01 rooms — in fact, good or bad management 
 produces the same results in building operations as in 
 any other pursuit. 
 
 People will take up a work of architecture, ajid 
 select a house that comes about their wants, which the 
 book says costs $2,000, and that is just the amount they 
 can command for building. The house is ordered, the 
 alterations named, and put in the bauds of the best me- 
 chanic. to execute it, and he goes ahead ; he is not re- 
 stricted except by the book, and the author of it is a 
 man of reputation. The builder has not any specifica- 
 tions or details of execution to be governed by, and there- 
 fore piles on the agony, as it is not considered good policy 
 for him to make suggestions so as tc decrease the work, 
 and when the $2,000 is expended you find the building 
 half done, and an additional $2,000 necessary to com- 
 plete it. 
 
 This is not the proper way to conduct one’s building 
 affairs, but to get the plans and details properly prepared, 
 and then ascertain what it is to cost before going ahead- 
 then the result will be satisfactory. 
 
Design 26 
 
 35 
 
 Plate 16. | 
 
 
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 i 
 
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 Copyright, 18S8, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
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 36 
 
 \ 
 
 PLATE i 7. 
 
 Design 27 — Shows plans, elevations, details, and perspective view of a two-story house, arranged for 
 two families, with front and backstairs, bath-rooms, etc., and is just such a house as every mechanic of small 
 family should own, as it will give him the required amount of room on first floor, and the second floor will 
 rent for almost enough to pay the interest on the whole outlay. Cost, $2,500. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF R. R. HENRY, TAZEWELL, VA. 
 
 There are many things to be taken into consideration 
 in the designing of houses for different parts of the 
 country. This Cottage is of a form that is compact and 
 in every way available, the rooms are large, have high 
 ceilings and at the same time afford every convenience in 
 their arrangement, making them desirable for a family of 
 refined tastes and moderate means. It is built ol wood, 
 though in favorable localities it would be better still of 
 stone or brick, and if suitably surrounded with tasteful 
 landscape embellishments, will make a snug, pretty, and 
 attractive home. One can, by the exercise of appropriate 
 taste, produce the right kind of an impression in a house 
 of this character. It should become a part of and be- 
 long to the acres which surround it ; it should be an indis- 
 pensable accessory to the place itself, and the grounds 
 should be laid out and embellished in such a manner that 
 the whole combination impresses one with harmonious 
 beauty, and not, as is too often the case, seek to make 
 up for the deficiencies in the grounds by elaborate 
 expenditure and display about the house. 
 
 A true appreciation of a country or suburban home 
 will not tolerate slovenly, ill-kept grounds, and no house 
 exhibits its true value unless there is a harmony in its 
 surroundings. If this be attended to, a high degree of 
 effect can be produced in houses of very moderate cost ; 
 houses that should be roomy, warm, substantial and in 
 every way agreeable to their occupants. 
 
 The glass throughout is common sheet without 
 color, but the dividing up of the upper sashes gives char- 
 acter to the whole ; the plain treatment of the exterior 
 is more than made up by the beauty of the internal ar- 
 rangements, which the plans fully explain. 
 
 Architecture is young in this country, and we have 
 to look to the mother country for many of our ideas ; but 
 because we do this we need not follow their custom in 
 building our small houses, but we must meet the require- 
 ments of climate and habits ^therefore the arrangements 
 of rooms is entirely different, and we add verandas, 
 which are valuable appendages on account of it being 
 pleasant to sit out of doors. 
 
 This house is substantially built and contains the 
 modern conveniences ; there is no water closet, but an 
 earth closet is provided in connection with bath-room, 
 which is preferable. Cost about $1,900. 
 
DESIGN 27. 
 
 37 
 
 PLATE 17. 
 
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 Copyright, r8S8, by Pailiser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE i 8 . 
 
 Design 28 — Illustrates an attractive pair of cottages, with good accommodations and the required con- 
 veniences. It is becoming quite a common practice to erect houses in pairs, which is a very economical way 
 to build, and if the design is treated right they can be made very effective. Cost, $1,850 each side. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF ALBERT TRINLER, NEW 
 ALBANY, IND. 
 
 The plan of this handsome cottage with tower 
 is taken from a little book published years ago, with 
 the addition of another room on each floor and another 
 bay window and a change in the details on the exterior 
 — in fact, there is scarcely anything left to remind 
 one of the other design ; and it is often the case that 
 people will examine a plan and will say that it is just 
 what they want, with such and . such changes, and when 
 the necessary changes are made to suit their ideas there 
 is nothing left by which one can recognize anything of 
 the first plan. 
 
 The roofs are all slated, which is decidedly the 
 best and cheapest — when we take everything into 
 account — method of roofing besides being elegant ; 
 and in favorable localities can be laid for $8.00 per 
 100 square feet of surface. 
 
 For a person of moderate means, wishing an ele- 
 gant home with the interior comforts and convenience 
 it contains, we can with confidence recommend this 
 design. It is suitable for any part of the country except 
 the extreme South, and the owner of such a house will 
 find that its money value is far above that of a square 
 box of the same capacity, and it costs but a trifle 
 more than the ugly packing boxes that some people 
 seem bound to erect in opposition to all artistic ideas, 
 which are constantly developing in this country. In 
 some instances we have known houses of nice design, 
 properly managed, erected for less money than these 
 square boxes giving but the same amount of accom- 
 modation, and which a great many people seem to 
 think it is necessary to build if they would do so cheaply. 
 
 Usually too little attention has been paid to roofs 
 and chimneys of houses, and they appear to have been 
 treated as necessary evils, instead of their being made, 
 as they should be, both useful and ornamental. A flat 
 roof for this climate can hardly be called useful, as 
 the action of the heat and cold on it will be more than 
 likely to open the seams of the flat roof, and the force 
 of a sudden shower will find its way through, sadly to 
 the detriment of the interior decoration, as well as to 
 the comfort and the commendable equability of temper 
 of the inmates. In our northern climate we should 
 have steep roofs, so as to readily shed the heavy rains 
 and snows, and we think this cottage is well protected 
 in this respect — -the floor plans, we think, need very 
 little explanation, as they fully explain themselves. 
 Cost about $2,200. 
 
 Simple things become beautiful and attractive by 
 an art inspiration. Interiors and exteriors retain their 
 old forms substantially, but they put on new faces 
 when touched by the real artist, who sees his work 
 completed in his mind when he begins to plan, and 
 so is enabled to produce a harmony throughout. 
 
 
Design 28 
 
 39 
 
 Plate 18 
 
 
 
 p EIR'SpeC jiVe n/ieW 
 
 
 ft 
 
 I 
 
 Copyright, 1888, by Palliaer, Palliser & Co., Architects. New . ork. 
 
 HBBi 
 
PLATE 19. 
 
 Design 29 — Shows plans, elevations and perspective view of a tasty little cottage of six rooms, with 
 necessary conveniences to make a comfortable and attractive home. The first floor is finished in ash ; 
 mantels and side-board are executed in ash ; floor in dining-room laid with yellow pine and black walnut. 
 Second floor finished in white pine ; all interior wood-work filled, and the chamfers and cut work picked out 
 in black. Roof slated. Cost, $2,300. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF DWIGHT HOTCHKISS, 
 
 SHARON, CONN. 
 
 This is a large, convenient and plain house ana 
 well adapted to the requirements of a farm residence, 
 and yet in a farm house it would seem as though of 
 all places this is the one where we should find large 
 fire-places. These could have been added with very 
 little additional expense, but instead we have what the 
 owner desired, a single flue and the walls furred out to 
 make a show of a breast — what we should call a sham. 
 
 Mr. Hotchkiss is undoubtedly a modest man, as 
 when he erected his house he left off the front gable 
 and kept the front of the building unbroken, as he was 
 afraid his neighbors would talk if he built something 
 different from what they had. By doing this Mr. 
 
 Hotchkiss undoubtedly ruined the design and de- 
 creased the value of the building at least $500.00, 
 spending his money to please his neighbors. 
 
 We have no doubt but what the house will be 
 painted white, although we did not in our specifications 
 call for it to be so, yet it is in keeping with the style of 
 painting in the same locality, and if there is anything 
 to mar the landscape it is this white abomination. 
 
 We regret to say these things, but feel as though to be 
 perfectly fair to our readers we should state some of 
 the faults in our designs, and give our experiences, so 
 that people who intend to build may avoid falling into 
 these faults. 
 
 The veranda is a pleasant feature, and is very 
 useful besides being ornamental ; the sitting-room is 
 the finest room in the house, both on account of its 
 size and the view that is obtained from it ; the milk 
 room and wood shed, which are necessary appendages 
 to a house of this kind, are located in the rear and 
 are convenient of access from the kitchen and exterior, 
 and are covered with a separate roof, being only one 
 story in height. There is a cellar under the whole 
 house built of stone found on the ground. Cost 
 $2,900. 
 
 Some people will procure plans and specifications 
 and then set their builder to work, being too parsi- 
 monious to furnish him with details of construction to 
 enable him to properly carryout the design, and which 
 is a very important matter, as what is the use of getting 
 a good design if it is not to be carried out. Several 
 such cases have come under our notice, and in some 
 instances the builders have obtained details and paid 
 for them, but it is generally the other kind of builders 
 who get such work, and they are apt to estimate with 
 much more liberal figures when they can carry out the 
 designs as they please. One case of this kind in 
 particular came under our notice, and after the build- 
 ing was completed it did not represent the drawings in any particular 
 except the general form, the design being fearfully butchered and 
 the detail all changed by the builder, who in some instances got 
 the owner’s sanction to dtaugg, persuading him that what he was 
 
 going to do would be better and would cost him, the builder, 
 more, but that he would make no charge to the owner. The house 
 which cost him $1,800, would have been worth $500 more had the 
 design been properly executed. 
 
■r^aix v oraWeas 
 
 Design 29 
 
 41 
 
 PLATE i9. \ 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York, 
 
PLATE 20. ’ 
 
 Design 30 — Is a pair of six-room cottages, designed for a workingman having a lot in the city and wish- 
 ing to put up a house suitable for himself and another member of his family, at a reasonable expense. Cost, 
 $1,350 a side. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF N. CARPENTER, STERLING, 
 
 ILL. 
 
 The rear extension of this house was the previous 
 residence of Mr. Carpenter, containing but two rooms, 
 and was put in the present position to answer the purpose 
 of kitchen and pantries — the roof, etc., being entirely 
 new to correspond with the new house. 
 
 The rooms on the first floor have all open fire-places, 
 each being provided with a neat ash mantel. The library 
 is an excellent room, with good front and side views, and 
 the veranda is reached in an easy manner by windows from 
 this room, making it a pleasant retreat in hot weather. 
 
 There is a variety of outline in the exterior of this 
 house, which cannot fail to give a picturesque and' pleas- 
 ing appearance to the whole. The chamber above library 
 projects slightly beyond the face of the octagon bay, and 
 the peculiar manner in which the sides are supported is 
 odd, but gives the appearance of stability and firmness, 
 the construction being perfectly sound. 
 
 The upper sashes are filled with stained glass, all 
 round the sash being very small lights of different colored 
 glass, and the center light has the figure of a flower in 
 white on blue ground. This manner of treating windows 
 must be seen to be appreciated ; and no blinds are used 
 except on the lower sash, and when the blinds are closed 
 it gives a mellow tone to the light of the interior. 
 
 The back hall is reached by side porch, and the bath- 
 room is placed so that anyone coming into the house 
 can step into bath-room, and prepare their toilet before 
 entering the main house ; the second story rooms are full 
 height; and there is a well-lighted attic above. A laundry 
 is provided in the cellar ; also provision is made for the 
 storage of fuel, etc. Cost, $2,500. 
 
 There are no blinds on this house, and we should 
 like to know of what use they are. To our mind, they are 
 neither useful or ornamental. They are forever rattling 
 on the outside, and always in the way of curtains on the 
 inside, and where we have mullion windows, they must be 
 kept closed or they are in the way; and if we use outside 
 blinds, they are forever in the way of adding a bit of 
 detail here, and a hood or a balcony there, which would 
 add greatly to the effect of the whole. The only blinds 
 that are fit for use are rolling Venetian blinds ; they slide 
 up and down, and are out of the way, and will cover the 
 whole or a part of the window, as required ; but these are 
 a little more expensive, you say, than ordinary inside 
 blmds, but we can find a substitute which is equally as 
 good — we can make a shade of heavy cloth, to roll up by 
 pulling a cord — or, better still, slide it with rings on a bar. 
 
 These shades should fit the window, and hang' flat and 
 straight, or nearly so. The material may be cheap and 
 coarse, and offers an excellent opportunity for embroidery, 
 where it would show to good advantage. Rich browns are the most 
 available colors, which might be either coarse jute cloth or burlaps. 
 Then there is an endless variety of materials which ma\r be used, ac- 
 
 cording to taste and depth of pocket. Blinds can be better left off, 
 and replaced by something which will be far more pleasing to the eye, 
 and serve the same purpose. 
 
1 Design 80. 
 
 43 
 
 Plate 20 
 
 Copyright, 18S8, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
44 
 
 PLATE 21. 
 
 Design 31 — Shows plans, elevations, and perspective view of a neat, square cottage house, of eight 
 rooms, suitable for erection in almost any location, and makes a very attractive house with a good amount 
 of room and conveniences. Cost, $1,950. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF W. COE, STRATFORD, CONN. 
 
 
 In the plans of almost every house there is more or 
 less to commend or condemn. Some of course are much 
 nearer perfection than others. When a plan takes such a 
 form that it will answer in many places for exactly the 
 same purpose, we may with truth call it a model ; and in 
 this case we think we may be justified in calling this a 
 model farm house. The rooms are all of good capacity 
 and conveniently arranged, and the principal rooms have 
 ah open fire-place ; sliding doors are placed so that the 
 parlor, sitting-room and hall can be thrown together on 
 special occasions, a feature which is always appreciated. 
 
 The dining-room is reached from kitchen through 
 lobby, which is fitted up with press and drawers. In this 
 way two doors are between kitchen and dining-room and 
 hall, so that the fumes of the kitchen are kept out of the 
 main house. 
 
 The hall is wide and spacious, and gives a stranger 
 on entering an idea of hospitality ; the spacious veranda 
 gives ample space for the occupants to enjoy nature, and 
 at the same time be suitably protected from the glare of 
 the sun. 
 
 The main house has two full and high stories, and a 
 high attic, in which good rooms can be obtained should 
 it be necessary. This house has the conveniences that 
 are usually to be had in the country ; the bay window is a 
 nice feature.. In fact, it is a model home for the farmer, 
 and a splendid house for the amount of money expend- 
 ed, viz., $2,406, for everything complete except cellar 
 walls, which were built by owner with stone on the ground. 
 
 In looking over this design, it will seem hard to be- 
 lieve the fact that we had great difficulty in persuading 
 our client not to alter the exterior design. He wanted 
 a flatter roof and box cornice ; in fact, a house just after 
 the same idea as others in his locality. We asked him 
 to investigate, and see for himself how houses were being 
 built, and see what they looked like ; and we requested 
 him to examine a house recently built, no larger than his 
 which cost nearly $10,000, which in some respects was 
 treated similar to his. After he had examined and 
 studied the work that was being done, he was convinced 
 that we were right, and that his objections were the re- 
 sult of ignorance on the subject. It is just this want of 
 knowledge that we have to contend with every day. 
 
 Having occasion to be in Stratford a few days ago, 
 we observed that this house was being painted entirely 
 different from what we specified it to be. The prevailing 
 color was white, with dark trimmings, chamfered work in 
 gables, etc. , being white; and, in fact, the whole effect 
 was spoiled. The colors specified were : for clap- 
 
 boards, light sage; corner-boards, bands, etc., buff; 
 chamfers and cut work, black ; but were entirely disregarded, 
 is what we call consulting a physician, and then taking our 
 some one else’s physic. 
 
I 
 
 | DESIGN 31. 
 
 45 
 
 Plate 21* | 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE 22. 
 
 Design 32 — Is illustrated by plans, elevations, and perspective view. This design is a very handsome 
 cottage of seven rooms, with the necessary conveniences, the interior to be finished in good style. The 
 walls, up to first story window-sills, are of brick, faced with North Haven brick of even color, relieved with 
 bands of black brick — the red brick laid in red mortar, and the black brick in black mortar ; roofs slated, 
 ridge of terra cotta. Cost, $2,900. 
 
 FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 
 
 SECOND FLOOR PLAN. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF F. EGGE, SEASIDE PARK, BRIDGE- 
 PORT, CONN. 
 
 1 
 
 This is the most charming cottage we have ever seen, and a 
 great many people have said this ; it is also our model six-room cot- 
 tage. Contains all the modern improvements and conveniences, at 
 a moderate price. 
 
 The underpinning is laid with red brick of even color, and trim- 
 med with bands of black brick and tile. These brick are laid in red 
 and black mortar. It will also be seen that the underpinning extends 
 up to first story window-sill and the window-sill and water-table are 
 one, which is thought by some to be an odd feature. The roofs 
 are slated with the best black slate, with chipped corners, making a 
 very handsome roof. 
 
 The interior is the main object of consideration, and is simply 
 elegant, and it is in correct keeping with, a greater refinement of taste 
 and a higher degree of aesthetic culture, than anything we know of 
 in this part ; and while it requires a boldness to assert an honest pref- 
 erence for pine or ash, finished in their natural colors, over the 
 futile attempts of imitating walnut — as the crowning boast has been 
 all black walnut — in this case the whole of the inside work is finished 
 in natural wood, being filled. The pine is equal to maple, and black 
 walnut is cheap in comparison with it. There are no mouldings or 
 paint, on the interior, the doors and architraves are finished as shown 
 in view of living-room, the chamfers, sunk work, etc., being picked 
 out in black. The mantles are of ash, also the side-board, with 
 black chamfers, etc , the fire-places being built of buff brick, with 
 moulded jambs. The toilet and bath-rooms are finished in ash. 
 
 The stained-glass work introduced in all the windows above the 
 
 transom is a new feature for this part, and one which is to become 
 very popular in all domestic buildings from this time forward. 
 
 Such houses, erected in the suburbs of our cities, would add very 
 much to the value of the ground they stand on, and pay a handsome 
 rate of interest on their cost, better than any other class of building 
 investments, as the supply falls far short of the demand. Business 
 men -and others wishing to reside out of the city need just such 
 a home as this, and we wonder capitalists and real estate owners do 
 not make money for themselves and others by erecting such tasteful, 
 yet inexpensive, suburban homes. 
 
 In former times a house like this would be painted white, but we 
 are glad to say that much improvement has of late been made in this 
 respect ; but unfortunately this taste for white, to a certain extent, 
 still exists. It requires a nice and cultivated eye to determine the 
 colors most appropriate and effective for the exterior of a house, 
 and depends entirely on its size, form, style, etc. A good design 
 may be entirely spoiled by the colors used in painting, and the beauty 
 of the landscape is often marred by a white house ivith green blinds. 
 This cottage is painted a warm red, the trimmings being darker than 
 the ground work, and the chamfers and sunk work are picked out in 
 black ; the sashes are painted a dark yellow, giving the whole a most 
 striking and effective appearance. 
 
 The story of the beauty of this cottage has been noised far and 
 wide, and hundreds of peonle have visited it — some who were in- 
 tending to build have come a hundred miles to see it and consult us. 
 Such cottages as this are the stimuli that is to work a revolution in 
 domestic architecture, and sweep away everything that is ugly and 
 pernicious to the eye of the cultivated. 
 
 A builder, who came from the country about one hundred miles, 
 was incredulous when told the interior of the wood-work was pine, 
 
47 
 
 Plate 22 
 
 I DESIGN 32. 
 
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 L. 
 
48 
 
 PLATE 2 3 . 
 
 Design 33 — Gives plans, elevations and perspective view of a Southern cottage of eight rooms, which, 
 with some slight changes, is suitable for erection in almost any part of the country, and is a very attractive 
 and convenient house at a very reasonable price. Cost, $1,500. 
 
 VIEW OF F. EGGE’S COTTAGE. 
 
 LIVING-ROOM. 
 
 and he immediately bet a hat it was maple, and left it to us 
 to decide, and lost. 
 
 An Englishman on first seeing it exclaimed : “It’s a nice 
 ’ouse ! It would make a nice ’ome for hany man.” 
 
 It is the cottage par-excellence, and possesses a beauty 
 far beyond the houses generally seen belonging to persons much 
 higher in the social scale, and has been coveted by those who 
 could purchase it fifty times over. 
 
 The whole of the work and materials are first-class in 
 every respect. Cost $2,775. 
 
 When this cottage was being designed the owner did not 
 dictate to us how we should place the rooms, or how the exte- 
 rior or interior should be, but left it entirely to us — and, there- 
 fore, he has something to his and everyone’s liking. 
 
 A house of effective design and convenient and artistic 
 interior will add, independently of its cost, to the value of the 
 property which surrounds it, and is often what secures the pur- 
 chaser. And it is the same with houses to rent. We have 
 known houses of the same cost have a difference in rental of 
 fifty per cent, simply because one was built without regard to 
 taste, comfort and convenience, and the other thoroughly de- 
 signed by an experienced architect. 
 
 A thing of beauty is a joy forever. 
 
 Mr. Egge sold this cottage at a very handsome profit 
 and we have planned him a larger house which he has built 
 on Park ave., Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 
 
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 Design 33. 
 
 Plate 23. 
 
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 Copyright, i888, by Paliiser, Pa.'liser & Co., Architects, New York, 
 
PLATE 24 
 
 Design 34 — Shows plans and elevations of a handsome cottage. The rooms are large, well lighted, 
 and conveniently arranged. The mantels, sideboard, and book-case are designed to be of ash ; all interior 
 finish of white pine — no mouldings — finished in natural color. The piazza is very spacious, and is an attrac- 
 tive feature in the design. Cost, $3,000. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF REV. DR. MARBLE, NEW- 
 TOWN, CONN. 
 
 This house commands a particularly fine view 
 from both sides and the front, and is situated in one 
 of the pleasantest country towns in New England, the 
 hotels of this town being crowded during the summer 
 months with people from the cities. 
 
 The. exterior design is plain, yet picturesque, 
 and at once gives one an idea of ease and comfort. 
 The roofing over the hall and sitting room is a 
 particularly fine feature, and the elevation of the 
 rear is very striking, the roof over porch being a part 
 of the main roof. 
 
 The interior arrangements are very nice, the 
 hall being spacious, and in it we have an easy and 
 handsome staircase of plain design, constructed of 
 Georgia pine; the newel extends up to ceiling of first 
 floor, while the other two posts extend up to ceiling 
 of second floor. In all country houses one of the 
 first things to be aimed at is to secure ample stair- 
 cases, and until a man can afford space for an easy 
 ascent to a second floor he should stay below ; and 
 to-day we find in houses where there is no necessity 
 for it, stairs that are little better than step-ladders, 
 making a pretence of breadth at the bottom with 
 swelled steps, and winding the steps on approaching 
 the floor above thus making a trap for the old and 
 for the children. 
 
 The corner fire-place between parlor and din- 
 ing-room, is a feature we indulge in to a great extent 
 in these days of economy, sliding-doors and fire- 
 places, although we sometimes have clients who ob- 
 ject to this, thinking it would not look as well as 
 when placed in center of side wall ; but when they 
 are asked how this and that can be provided for 
 with the best and most economical results, they 
 readily give in. 
 
 There is no water-closet in the house, but an 
 earth-closet is provided in the rear hall, which is 
 thoroughly ventilated. 
 
 The dining-room is a very cheerful room, and 
 the kitchen is reached through a passage also con- 
 necting with side veranda. The pantry is lighted 
 with a window placed above press ; each fire-place is 
 furnished with a neat hard-wood mantel, and the 
 hall is finished in Georgia pine, the floor being laid 
 with this material, and finished in natural color. 
 
 The exterior is painted as follows : Ground, 
 
 light slate ; trimmings, buff ; and chamfers, black. 
 Cost, $2,925. 
 
 The sight of this house in the locality in which 
 it is built is very refreshing, and is greatly in ad- 
 vance of the old styles of rural box architecture to 
 be found there. When people see beautiful things 
 they very naturally covet them, and they grow dis- 
 contented in the possession of ugliness. Handsome 
 houses, other things equal, are always the most 
 valuable. They sell the quickest and for the most 
 money. Builders who feign a blindness to beauty 
 must come to grief. 
 
 t 
 
I DESTGN 34. 
 
 Plate 24. 1 
 
 — r RnivJT e.Le.n/aj.io^- 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Falliser, Palliser & Co,, Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE 
 
 2 5 - 
 
 Design 35 — Is a comfortable cottage of nine rooms, with modern conveniences, and adapted to the re- 
 quirements of a suburban residence. First floor to be finished in hard-wood. Cost, $2,800. 
 
 1 
 
 _ 
 
 RESIDENCE OF W. W. WOODRUFF, MOUNT 
 CARMEL, CONN. 
 
 This design was carried out by the owner, Mr. Wood- 
 ruff, and is a very neat and attractive home, and as it was 
 necessary in the arranging of this plan to obtain the re- 
 quired amount of room and conveniences at a given cost, 
 the exterior had to be very plain and simple to allow it. 
 
 The front faces the west. Thus we have a south view 
 from four rooms on first floor, and a front view from 
 dining-room. The veranda is wide, and arranged so that 
 a group can sit out upon it with ease ; the hall is eight 
 feet wide, with an easy flight of platform stairs leading up 
 to floor above, the platform or landing being on a level 
 with floor over kitchen wing, making two risers more up 
 to floor in main house. There is a cellar under whole 
 house, the laundry being under kitchen. The stairs to 
 cella r are placed under main stairs, and reached directly 
 from the kitchen. The wood-shed is a convenient fea- 
 ture to 'all country houses, and should always be con- 
 nected with kitchen ; the refrigerator is built in the pantry, 
 with an opening into wood-shed, through which to put the 
 ice into tank ; the connection from kitchen to dining-room 
 is through the large china closet, which is fitted up with 
 shelves, press, table, etc., and makes a perfect butler’s 
 pantry. The parlor and dining-room are connected by 
 sliding doors ; the dining and sitting-rooms have open 
 fire-places, with hard-wood mantels ; the sitting-room has 
 a hard-wood book-case built into recess to right of mantel, 
 and the bed-room connected with sitting-room is a good 
 room, and provided with two closets and stationary wash- 
 bowl. 
 
 The second story contains four large chambers, with 
 an abundance of closet room, a good servant’s bed-room 
 over kitchen, and a bath-room ; hot and cold water is 
 supplied to all wash-bowls, sink and bath. There is also 
 a large attic over the second floor, capable of being 
 finished off into two or three rooms if desired, and yet 
 have enough for storage. The roof is shingled, and the 
 exterior walls clapboarded ; the interior finished in pine, 
 which is filled with Crockett’s Preservative, the cut and 
 incised work being picked out in black. The estimated 
 cost of this house is $3,000, and is a good example of 
 what can be done for that sum, as the general arrange- 
 ment is such as to show considerable variety on the exte- 
 rior, producing an architectural effect only obtained by the 
 natural combinations and workings of the constructive 
 part of the structure with the least expenditure of labor 
 and detail in design. This is one of the most attractive 
 homes for the amount expended, and for the country is all 
 that is desirable in every respect. 
 
Design 35. 
 
 53 
 
 Plate 25. [ 
 
 
 - SECGhld f Lqo^ ■ 
 
 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
 
PLATE 26. 
 
 Design 36 — Shows plans, elevations, and perspective view of a sea-side cottage, and it will be seen by 
 a careful perusal and study of the plans and design, that it is well adapted for a summer residence, and, by 
 some slight changes in plan, could be made to suit a Southern clime. Cost, $2,600 
 
 RESIDENCE OF SILAS W. GARDINER, LYONS, 
 IOWA. 
 
 The simplicity of plan, and the simple manner in 
 which the design expresses it, is fairly shown in the 
 picturesque exterior here illustrated ; its constructive 
 features are fully represented in the gables, cresting, 
 finials, chimneys and porches. The house stands on a 
 brick underpinning, and is a good example of one of the 
 half-timber and tile designs of the Jacobite period, 
 though, unlike its prototype, shingles cut to a pattern are 
 substituted for tiles from the second story up. The first 
 story shows what has the appearance of a- timber con- 
 struction, although it is only formed in the ordinary 
 manner of finishing frame buildings, by continuing the 
 belts through and connecting them with angle-boards, 
 being clapboarded with narrow clapboards between, in 
 the customary manner -on frame buildings, the frame 
 being first sheathed, then covered with waterproof paper. 
 The second story is arranged so as to form a hood over 
 the first, being furred out by a moulded cornice about 
 eight inches, at which the shingles are curved outwards. 
 There is also a similar cornice and curve at the head of 
 the second story window casings, coming out flush with 
 the window casings, which project six inches, thereby 
 giving a deep recessed window on the inside. The first 
 story windows have stained glass transom lights, which 
 are filled with foliated centers and gothic borders in leaded 
 frames, which lend a charm to the interior not otherwise 
 obtainable. The floors in vestibule, conservatory, bath- 
 room and dining-room are of ash and walnut ; the doors 
 have pine styles and rails with butternut panels; architraves 
 of butternut, with pine door- stops and jambs, architraves 
 having cut-work, picked out in color ; inside blinds of 
 butternut ; trimmings of real bronze. The work on 
 second story all pine ; and the whole of the wood-work 
 throughout, including hard-wood floors, finished in natural 
 color of the wood with Crockett’s Preservative. The man- 
 tels are of hard wood, in design corresponding with the 
 interior finish. The plant cabinet is placed on the south 
 side, and connecting as it does with both sitting-room and 
 dining-room, makes it very desirable, and renders it an 
 easy matter to keep it warm. 
 
 The general plan suggests itself as being very eco- 
 nomical, there being no waste of room, as everything is 
 fully taken up and used to the best advantage. The 
 attic room over kitchen and scullery, will be found useful 
 for storage. The roofs are shingled and painted black. 
 The exterior walls are painted — body of the work Venetian 
 red and trimmed with Indian red, and cut-work in black 
 in with yellow ; panels under veranda floors yellow, 
 of this house as built was only $3,000, and certainly is a 
 
 
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 neatness, and a great change from the stereotyped style of the 
 buildings generally erected in Western towns. 
 
 
 If a private house is built without the services of an architect, 
 it is the general and candid acknowledgment afterwards, that a 
 great mistake had been made, and how many things could have been 
 improved by the employment of a skilled man. 
 
Rj^LcDI\Iy 
 
 55 
 
 Design 36. 
 
 Plate 26, , 
 
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 Copyright, x888, by Palliscr, Palliser & Co., Architects, New \ ork. 
 
PLATE 
 
 Design 37 — Shows a barn and stable remodeled and made into a handsome residence, the parlor, toilet- 
 room and piazzas being added. First floor is finished in yellow pine and ash ; floors of hard-wood ; mantels 
 in parlor and dining-room of a neat design, executed in ash. Cost, $3,500. 
 
 PAIR OP HOUSES NEAR NEW HAVEN, 
 CONN. 
 
 Timev. places and circumstances nave at all 
 periods been found to be good governors of 
 parries who have, or may have had, real estate 
 that they vmrehto improve, and among the many 
 wavs "hat aave yet been devised to produce a 
 large amount of ro< m at a small cost, giving the 
 necessary accommodations to separate families, 
 the double house undoubted!" stands ahead as 
 far as economy is concerned ; one let is thus 
 made to do the duty of two, one chimney, one 
 wall and one roof doing likewise : and while we 
 have not fully made up our minds to accept the 
 double-house system as a sure indication of the 
 near approach of the millerium, yet we are will- 
 ing to accept it as a nearer approach to the 
 attainment oi a home — even though it man seem 
 to be only half a home — than that svstem. so 
 prevalent in our conrtrr at the present dav, of 
 purring one family on a floor director over an- 
 other, the beauties of which is a theme poets 
 never sing about ; and while the double house 
 has its many drawbacks, such as the owner of 
 one-half painting the exterior white, and the other 
 brown, as is frequently the case, plentv of proof 
 of which can be seen in this locality ; or one 
 adding a bay-window and enlarging, while the 
 other is anxious to sell out on account of his 
 neighbor's disposition to be always making im- 
 provements, with which his pocketbook will not 
 allow him to keep pace, and plenty of like trouble 
 in the same spirit that we could enumerate, all of 
 which we know from actual observation and ex- 
 perience. The double-house should be rite pro- 
 perty of one man, as then be can live in one-half, 
 and either rent the other or let it stand empty to 
 suit his pleasure : can paint, tear down and build 
 up when it suits his fancy, or can make both 
 sides into one should his family wants demand it, 
 and thus eventually convert :: into a home : for 
 we must say that the half double-house never yet 
 associated itself in our minds other than as a 
 mere stopping place, wherein we are waiting for 
 the home that is to be, and sometimes never 
 comes. 
 
 The design here illustrated shows a neat and 
 attractive front, and which cannot fail to 
 please even the most fastidious double-house 
 critic, and if they are as numerous all over our 
 country as here, they are legion. The halls are 
 in the center of the building, stairs being placed 
 back from front poors, which gives a room? 
 entrance — the stairs :: cellar . g meet main 
 stairs, ana reached from the kitchen. Each naif 
 
 contains six good rooms, with bath-room, dress- 
 ing-room, pantry, closets, etc., with a large attic over the whole, 
 which is divided by cente- wall running up to roof. The frame is a 
 balloon, sheathed and dapboarded ; roof, shingled on lath ; under- 
 pinning c: brick ; inside blinds to bay-windows, outside blinds else- 
 
 where. except cellar and dormer. That it is accomplishing consider- 
 able for a small equivalent is fully seen, when such a house as this is 
 erected in a first-class manner, with all the improvements, for the 
 sum of $3,000. 
 
-PTR5T. , FLOOR — 
 
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 Design 37. 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser &. Co., Architects, New York. 
 
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 58 
 
 IDE 
 
 PLATE 28. 
 
 Design 38 — Shows plans and view in elevation of a block of four brick and bay window houses, of nine 
 rooms each, in Queen Anne style of architecture. Cost, $2,400 each. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF A COUNTRY PHYSICIAN. 
 
 Within a radius of fifty miles from this point, taking 
 as a center the present position of the pen, there lives a 
 doctor, one of those men who it is necessary to call in at 
 stated times to help us gather our scattered roses ; or 
 when, at certain periods, it is strictly necessary to have 
 him to stand by as a good friend, tried and true, one who 
 never looks into the regions of grim despair, but is ever 
 ready to lift us up into the light of restoring hope ; in fact, 
 one of Nature’s noblemen, who we learn to look up to in 
 our childish faith when the aches and pains are racking 
 our weary heads. Such an one was our doctor. He owned 
 a lot ; it was a good large one, not the city lot, 25x100 — 
 which is hardly large enough to breathe in — but a two-acre 
 lot. This had a frontage of 150 feet on the south, there- 
 by giving ample room for the well-kept lawn, whereon the 
 doctor intended to take some muscular exercise during 
 the spring and summer months in toying with the lawn 
 mower. The doctor did not want a large house, but a 
 good, plain, country house wherein his family could live 
 and he could pursue his daily avocation, as far as his 
 business went, without interfering with the privacy of his 
 home. He must have the following rooms on first floor : 
 parlor, sitting-room, dining-room and kitchen, with all nec- 
 essary closets and other conveniences, front and back 
 stairs, a reception-room for patients, a consultation-room 
 and a laboratory ; a drive porch for every-day use, and 
 a spacious front porch and front veranda if it could be 
 done. He must be able to pass in at any door and out 
 at the other without disturbing any part of the house. All 
 rooms on first floor to have open fire-places, and as many 
 on the second floor as possible ; five good bed-rooms, 
 bath-room, plenty of closets. Cellar under the whole 
 house and laundry under kitchen. The matter of drain- 
 age to be properly arranged, and there being a running 
 stream in the rear of lot, the doctor congratulated him- 
 self that he would not live on sewer gas. Yet the drains 
 must be well ventilated and a trap placed in main pipe 
 just clear of the house. This, the doctor said, if good 
 for nothing else, would keep the rats from entering the 
 house by the drains. The house to be heated by steam 
 heater placed in the cellar, the necessary provisions for 
 which were to be made, together with store and vege- 
 table cellars, coal and wood and a water-closet, which 
 must be ventilated into one of the chimney flues, and also 
 have an outside window. All the above are embodied in 
 the design with the exception of sitting-room, which, at 
 the specified price, could not be done, so we made the 
 front hall into a sitting-room, which the doctor says is 
 truly beautiful, and the best and most useful room in the 
 house. Here is the open fire-place wherein the wood fire 
 glows cheerfully upon the hearth, and round which it is 
 so pleasant to gather. The mantel is built of wood, 
 
 with a large hood over it and a clock built in it. The 
 walls are wainscoted, ceiling finished in wood, giving an old-time wel- 
 come and an hospitable appearance to those coming in to visit the 
 family, and that which should be felt on entering any house no matter 
 how humble it may be. The staircase is of ash, and well-lighted 
 from above through a stained-glass window in roof, which gives a 
 mellow light to the rear of hall. The entire finish of hall, parlor and 
 dining-room is in ash, the balance being in pine, and all finished in 
 its natural color and beauty. The doctor said he wanted no paint, 
 no graining, but his pine was to be pine— his ash, ash. No deception 
 was to be put in this house and he has got none. Here our doctor 
 

 Design 38. 
 
 59 
 
 Plate 28. | 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architect, New York. 
 
PLATE 29. 
 
 Design 39 — Illustrates a pair of compact and convenient Cottages, of seven rooms each, suitable for 
 either city or country ; would make a splendid country farmhouse, for a farmer and his son to reside to- 
 gether, and yet have separate homes. Cost, $1,200 each. 
 
 PAIR OF HOUSES AT BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 
 
 These houses are built on an odd-shaped lot, 
 thus giving us an opportunity to design two houses 
 adjoining and yet independent and separate from each 
 other. The entrances are entirely separate from each 
 other, while they occupy the same relative position to 
 each house. Under each front porch there is an 
 entrance into basement, which in the rear is entirely 
 out of ground. In this basement, on the front, is a 
 large dining-room and on the rear a kitchen, with pantry 
 and china closet between. There is a cellar under 
 basement for heating purposes, fuel, etc. 
 
 By a careful study it will be seen that these houses 
 are extremely simple in the arrangement of the rooms. 
 In fact, it bears out this idea of simplicity all through. 
 The rooms on the first floor are large, and arranged to 
 make a good disposition of furniture. On the second 
 floor the dressing-room over hall can be used as a 
 child’s bed-room in connection with the family chamber, 
 being connected with each other by means of a sliding- 
 door. A room is provided in attic for servant. 
 
 The interior, finished throughout, is in a plain, 
 neat style ; mantels of hard-wood ; and altogether 
 they are very desirable dwellings, which cannot fail to 
 rent readily, and pay agood interest on the outlay. 
 
 The whole effect of the building is very happy. 
 The shadows, which go far to produce a fine effect, in 
 this case lend themselves to the whole in a pleasing 
 manner. Cost $3,350. 
 
 It is astonishing what a number of people will 
 commence building, and plan their houses as the work 
 progresses, which is probably one of the worst ways 
 of conducting one’s building affairs ; and a case came 
 to our notice a short time ago which illustrates some 
 of the disadvantages of building in this way. A gentle- 
 man, two thousand miles from us, went to work to build 
 his house ; got the cellar up and ready for frame, but 
 when he came to plan the first floor, there were many 
 things he did not know how to arrange so as to have 
 them satisfactory. There were fire-places to get in, 
 sliding-doors, stairs, etc., which puzzled his brain no 
 small amount, and he finally gave it up, after spending 
 considerable time and study on it ; sent on to us for 
 full drawings, details and specifications — sending his 
 sketches, and informing us what he wanted. We com- 
 prehended his w r ants in a few moments, and by our long 
 practice were enabled to make the desired arrangement 
 which the amateur could not find by long study. This 
 gentleman says if he had cairied on his building with- 
 out our assistance, he would have made a bungling 
 mess of it, but now he has the most picturesque and 
 convenient home in the town, and that he is not an 
 architect, and never could be. 
 
61 
 
 Plate 29. 
 
 [ Design 39. 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE 
 
 30 . 
 
 Design 40 — Shows plans, elevations and perspective view of a country House, containing eleven rooms, 
 large attic, cellar under whole house, having laundry, etc., designed to be finished in a plain manner. Cost, 
 $3,200. (See specifications, latter part of book.) 
 
 3 
 
 RESIDENCE OF FRANK H. UNDERWOOD, 
 TOLLAND, CONN. 
 
 This country residence embraces many novel and good 
 features of exterior variety and interior compactness and 
 convenience. The workmanship and material throughout 
 have been of the best description, the materials being pur- 
 chased by the owner and the work done by the day, and no 
 pains have been spared to make it first-class in every respect. 
 
 The interlbr arrangement is very complete and unique, 
 the hall being finished in oak, parlor in maple, library and 
 dining-room in ash, all the fire-places having hard-wood 
 mantels of handsome design. The conservatory is a pleas- 
 ing feature of the first floor plan, and is accessible from the 
 dining-room through a casement window ; access is also 
 obtained in like manner to porch in rear of dining-room. 
 A clothes-shute is arranged from second floor to soiled 
 clothes-closet in laundry, an arrangement that is appre- 
 ciated by every housekeeper. 
 
 Stained glass is used in all the windows above transoms. 
 Roofs are slated and ridges covered with red terra-cotta 
 cresting. The interior wood-work is filled with Crockett’s 
 Preservative. The heating is done by indirect radiation, 
 steam being brought into cellar from the Underwood Belting 
 Company’s factory. Cost about $4,500. 
 
 The cost of a house is the one thing desirable. Every 
 one asks what this and that will cost, and a great many people 
 who have started out to build without first ascertaining what 
 their building would cost, have been very much deceived 
 when all the bills have been received and the amount 
 aggregated. We know of one instance where a gentleman, 
 some years ago, was erecting a large residence by the day, 
 and did not have any idea when he commenced what it was 
 likely to cost; and long before the structure was completed 
 he had paid out over $30,000, and was so disgusted with 
 it that he would not keep any further account ; and to-day 
 this house which cost so much money could be duplicated 
 for $10,000. This is what we call bad management. How- 
 ever, as times are at present there is likely to be but very 
 little of such. 
 
 It is reasonable to suppose that anyone without build- 
 ing experience, who undertakes the erection of a building 
 in this way — unless there are special circumstances governing 
 the case — will have to pay for the knowledge he will gain. 
 A business man wants to know, after his ideas are put into a 
 tangible form, how much all this will cost in dollars and 
 cents, without any extras or additional charges whatsoever, 
 and it is right and proper that everyone should look 
 through all the links and complications that require the ex- 
 penditure of a considerable sum of money. And no one 
 who starts out with the intention of spending $4,000 in the 
 erection of a dwelling, and winds up with three times that 
 amount, will be likely to think they have used much judg- 
 ment, and will try and shift the blame on some one else. 
 But it is one of those things that time will place where it be- 
 longs. A building will vary in cost of construction accord- 
 ing to locality, and will also depend greatly on the business 
 management. 
 
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63 
 
 _L. ESIGN 40. 
 
 Plate 30. 
 
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64 
 
 PLATE 31. 
 
 Design 41 — Illustrates a cottage house, of seven rooms, designed for erection in the country. We give 
 elevations in two different styles of architecture, suited to entirely different locations ; in this we wish to show 
 how different designs can be adapted to the same plan in a satisfactory manner, and they are intended to be- 
 come a part of, and be in harmony with the acres that surround them. 
 
 The rooms are conveniently arranged, but could be differently disposed to suit anyone’s ideas, and still 
 the same or either of the designs carried out, as could also any of the plans given in this work, and the site 
 has much to do with the arrangement of rooms, which we can readily adapted to different requirements. Cost, 
 $3,100. 
 
 
 
 Where parties have their work executed by the day instead of by 
 contract they will evidently save money, provided they are good man- 
 agers, and have some one on the works to drive the men that are en- 
 gaged, as it is well known by those familiar wiith workmen, that when 
 they know the work is being done by the day, it is impossible to get 
 them to do as much work unless they are drove. Some mechanics 
 will tell you this is nonsense, but we know from experience it is not. 
 A man may say that he will do just as big a day’s work no matter 
 which way he may be employed, but he will do the most when work- 
 ing by the job. Any master mechanic of experience will tell you 
 the same, as he knows very well that if he does not keep his men to 
 work, but allow them to do about as they please in this respect, 
 that he will be unable to stand it and compete with others. Several 
 of the large manufacturers contract the whole of their works in the 
 shops, simply because they can get so much more work done for the 
 money by contract than they can to hire the men by the day. 
 
 Some say that work is better executed when done by the day. 
 It may and it may not. In some cases we have known it done badly, 
 and the owner, rather than go to the expense of having it changed 
 and made right, has said let it go ; and some mechanics are liable to 
 do things wrong, especially when they have no one to look after 
 them, as a contractor, whose interest it is to have the work done right 
 the first time, as otherwise he will have to be at the expense of mak- 
 ing it right. 
 
 A first-class builder of some years ago, now retired, in a conver- 
 sation recently informed us that his opinion was that half the builders 
 of the present day did not know how to estimate on work, as when he 
 built his residence he could not get a reasonable estimate ; therefore 
 
 went to work and had it done by the day, superintending the work 
 himself, and in this way his house cost him $4,500 less than the low- 
 est estimate he received. 
 
 A case or two in the last few weeks came to our notice, whic 
 convinced us that this is true to a certain extent at least. We pre- 
 pared drawings, etc., for a public building for a country town, to 
 come within a certain appropriation, but when estimates were handed 
 in from local builders they all exceeded the amount considerable ; 
 therefore, builders from the city, a few miles distant, were allowed to 
 estimate, and their bids all came within the amount appropriated. 
 There being considerable art work in the design, the local builders 
 did not know its worth and did not take the trouble to find out ; and 
 as one of these builders was on the committee, new plans were 
 ordered and made so that the local builders could do it. 
 
 Another similar case, that of a party in a village, secured from 
 us a design not to exceed a certain sum in execution ; but his village 
 builders did not seem to understand the design, and when they had 
 estimated he found he would have to modify it. But the idea struck 
 him to send to a city, one hundred miles away, and get a couple of 
 first-class builders to estimate, men of standing, and who were known 
 to do good work ; and in less than two weeks one of them had the 
 building under way, and the local builders were very mad at losing 
 the work. 
 
 When estimates on a building run from $28,000 to $15,000, and 
 the lowest does the work and makes money, somebody don’t know 
 their business, and on all work there is a vast difference between the 
 highest and lowest bid. 
 
Design 41. 
 
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 Plate 31 
 
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 Copyright 1888, by Palliser, Palliser 4 Co., Architects, New Yoric, 
 
66 
 
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 PLATE 32. 
 
 Design 42 — Gives plans, elevation and perspective view of a conveniently arranged cottage home of six 
 rooms, with all modern conveniences, and was designed for erection on a corner lot. The interior to be fin- 
 ished in a neat manner - first floor in hardwood. Cost, $2,500. 
 
 FARM BARN AND HENNERY. 
 
 This illustration gives a correct idea of a country 
 farm barn, which will interest those who are agricul- 
 turally inclined. To the farmer it is one of the most im- 
 portant things how he shall house his stock, and provide 
 storage for his grain, fodder, etc., and yet do it in an 
 economical manner ; and the many farm barns that are to 
 be seen, with their chopped up and checkered appearance, 
 indicate that this matter has not had a proper amount of 
 study and forethought. The farmer goes on and builds 
 a little at a time, never thinking or looking far enough 
 ahead to know what his wants really may be when his 
 farm is being worked to its proper capacity. If you own 
 a farm, and intend to be a good farmer, start out with a 
 determination to have only suitable farm buildings, such 
 as will look well from your neighbor’s house. Let your 
 barns look like barns, your houses like houses. We would 
 not for anything have your barns be mistaken for houses 
 or your houses for barns ; for such things we have seen, 
 and it makes us feel as if there was a screw loose some- 
 where. Barns should not be built for show. They should, 
 of course, be made to look well, and be pleasant spots in 
 the landscape, and built in the most substantial manner 
 possible — -should be arranged to save as much labor as 
 possible in the care of the animals that are to be housed 
 and fed in them. Let them be well ventilated and lighted, 
 properly floored ; the stonework of the foundation 
 thoroughly built, i not dry, but laid up in good cement 
 mortar. Don’t invite the rats, as they will come without. 
 
 And it has al ways been a mystery to us why the farmers 
 have not, in a general way, been wide awake enough to 
 their own interests to properly house their fowls, instead 
 of letting them run wild over the whole place, and roost 
 on wagons, carts and agricultural implements when not 
 in use and stored ; to let them lay their eggs where they 
 please, and then have the pleasure of hunting for them, 
 and often finding them at a late day — such certainly 
 must be the case, else why so many bad eggs amongst 
 those “nice fresh country eggs.” Chickens are one of 
 the most profitable adjuncts to any farm, and it is a very 
 easy matter to keep them where therearea number of cat- 
 tle to feed. 
 
 The hennery here shown was carried out as an ad- 
 dition to barn at hill-side farm, New Milford, Conn., 
 owned by Egbert Marsh, Esq., and shows Mr. Marsh’s 
 ideas of what a well regulated hennery should be to make 
 it both a pleasure and a profit. As the shed below is a 
 necessity in connection with barn, and a roof indispensa- 
 ble, the only additional expense is the floor, one side and 
 ends, with the interior fittings, to make a hennery which 
 will accommodate easily one hundred to two hundred. 
 
 The floor should be tightly boarded, then covered with 
 a coat of boiled pitch and tar, on which spread soil two 
 to three inches in depth. This will give an elegant scratching and 
 wallowing ground. The windows all arranged to slide sideways, the 
 openings on outside being covered with wire netting ; the feed-bin 
 built so as to hold several bushels, and arranged to take care of itself, 
 by constructing the bottom so as to empty into a small trough into hen- 
 
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 Design 42. 
 
 Plate 32. 
 
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 Copyright 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE 33. 
 
 Design 43 — Shows plans and elevations of a plain country house, with drive porch. On examination of 
 the plan it will be seen that a large amount of accommodation is given in a compact form and a minute de- 
 scription is not necessary as the plans sufficiently explain themselves. Cost, $3,300. 
 
 The fattening room is arranged so as to be darker, and 
 will be found desirable for fattening poultry for market 
 or home consumption. A running stream of water 
 should be so arranged as to always supply fresh water 
 in hennery, and which should be had in barn for cat- 
 tle. This could, as in this case, be brought in a pipe 
 from a spring in the hill-side, a short distance above 
 the barn, and which not only supplies the barn, but 
 the house with a never-failing supply of clear spring 
 water. The run from hennery is so arranged that fowls 
 can be either let into shed or directly out of doors. 
 This run being hinged on top, and operated by weights 
 and a cord, is controlled from feed room thus com- 
 pletely shutting off the hennery from floor below, when 
 required. The arrangement of stalls, as here shown, is 
 convenient, and cannot fail but be suggestive for 
 those interested in such matters, while the con- 
 veniences above cannot fail to please, as the facilities 
 for driving right in with a load from either side is what 
 should always be had in a barn of this class. This 
 barn is, of course, capable of many changes to suit 
 individual wants, circumstances and locations, and is 
 far from costly ; and there are farmers who could with 
 very little trouble, put up their own barns, if they 
 only wake up to the full realization of their own capa- 
 bilities. 
 
 STABLE AND CARRIAGE HOUSE. 
 
 This design was prepared for erection in connec- 
 tion with the proposed residence of Mr. E. G. Burham, 
 at Sea Side Park, Bridgeport, Conn., and is arranged 
 to suit the requirements of individual wants, as well 
 as the peculiarities of the site. There is a cellar built 
 under carriage house, which will be found useful for 
 storage of vegetables, roots, etc., and the carriage 
 house being arranged to drive through, makes it very 
 convenient for every-day use, as well as utilizing the 
 room. The shed is designed as a shelter for horse and 
 carriage, so that the horse can be fed noon times 
 without unhitching — a very convenient arrangement 
 for a business man, who has little time to spare in the 
 middle of the day. The two stalls and box-stall give 
 ample room for two or three horses, while there is room 
 enough for three carriages. On second story is provided 
 a man’s chamber, hay-loft and feed room — the feed 
 bins being built into position, and having shutes down 
 to stable below., 
 
 The building is of wood, frame, sheathed, and 
 lower or first story clapboarded and shingled above, 
 roof slated. The ventilator is connected with stable 
 below by means of wooden vent pipes, and thoroughly 
 ventilates the whole building. Harness room has an open fire-place, 
 the chimney running up through man’s room on second floor. The hay- 
 racks, mangers and stable fixtures are of iron. Water is supplied on 
 first floor, and the manure is dropped through the trap, as indicated 
 on plan, into a pit built for that purpose, and which is accessible from 
 exterior. The carriage house is ceiled on sides with Georgia pine ; 
 
 the timbers overhead dressed and chamfered. The harness room is 
 fitted up with necessary hooks, pins, etc., for hanging and storing 
 harness. The whole built in a first-class manner at a cost of $850, 
 and makes a neat building for the purpose, and one which is in har- 
 mony with its surroundings. 
 
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Design 43 
 
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 Plate 33. ! 
 
 Copyright 1888, by Paliiser, Paliiser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
 
1 
 
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 PLATE 34. 
 
 Design 44 — Gives plans and elevations of a neat every-day house, which, with its large projecting roof, 
 and spacious verandas, makes a perfect gem of a house, and one that is well adapted for erection in suburbs 
 village or country. As will be seen by the plans, the rooms are conveniently arranged — there is no waste 
 room — and the necessary conveniences are provided to make it a comfortable home* Cost, $3,000. 
 
 DESIGN FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDING. 
 
 The above shows a design for a good, solid, plain public school 
 building, designed for the town of Milan, Mo. That it is somewhat 
 out of the ordinary run of the every-day French roof architecture we 
 are fully aware ; and in drawing the plans for this building we have 
 had quite a difficult problem to solve. The general dimensions are 
 55 by 70 feet ; first and second stories having each 14-feet ceilings, 
 while the assembly room on third floor has a ceiling 16 feet 6 inches 
 in height. The materials are hard-burned brick, relieved with bands 
 of black brick ; window-sills, lintels, water-table and underpinning of 
 stone ; the roofs all being slated, floors all lined and deadened, walls 
 built hollow with two inches air space. 
 
 The design is very simple, and thoroughly constructive in all its 
 parts ; the cornices consisting of brick brackets, and surmounted 
 with a wooden gutter, lined with metal. The school-rooms are ar- 
 ranged so they have an abundance of light, are well ventilated and 
 easy of access, and though all are in close proximity to, yet are in a 
 measure isolated from, each other ; being divided by brick partition 
 walls, the transmission of sound from one room to another is effectu- 
 ally prevented. 
 
 The entrances are placed in front and rear, and consist of 
 spacious stone steps, with brick porch on front and slated hood on 
 rear ; the vestibules opening into a hall 16 feet wide, which contains 
 a wide and easy stair-case, leading up to floors above. This hall is 
 convenient to all rooms, and the advantages it possesses, running as 
 it does through the building, are at once obvious, as the unequaled 
 ventilating facilities it affords renders it one of the best features of 
 
 the plan. The basement is reached by stairs under the main stairs, 
 and is used for heating and play-room purposes, which is well lighted, 
 ventilated, etc. 
 
 The vestibules on front and rear are easy of access, passing 
 through which we reach the main hall, from which the three school 
 rooms open, also the hat and cloak rooms for each. The sides of 
 the school rooms are wainscoted to the height of window sills, above 
 which are placed black-boards. A teacher’s room is placed between 
 the two smaller school rooms, and a class room is provided in con- 
 nection with the larger room, also a teacher’s room, which is reached 
 from the rear vestibule. Ventilating flues are carried up in the four 
 chimneys, and as these run up above the roof, superior draughts are 
 obtained. Ascending to the second floor by the spacious and easy 
 stairs, we have a large lecture room, two school rooms, hat and cloak 
 rooms, a teacher’s room and apparatus room, all connected with the 
 hall. On third floor is a room 27x42 feet, with a ceiling 16 feet 6 
 inches high, well lighted and ventilated, which at times would be 
 found indispensable for exhibition purposes, as it is admirably situated, 
 and easy of access from all parts of the building ; and the four walls 
 of this room being required for a support to roof, it will be seen no 
 extra expense is added in getting this room, while the space around it 
 serves as storage and for ventilating purposes. The bell tower speaks 
 for itself, and is not only useful, but gives a greater prominence to 
 the building. This is a common sense school building, and one that 
 gives all that it is possible to do for the amount of money expended, 
 as the whole of the detail is simple, everything being honest, prac- 
 tical and substantial. Cost $8,000. 
 
 '■ " 
 
71 
 
 
 Design 44. 
 
 Plate 34- j 
 
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PLATE 35 
 
 Design 45 — Illustrates a very attractive summer residence. The design was prepared foi; a particular 
 site, and gives considerable variety in outline and also an impression of solidity and breadth which should be 
 prominent characteristics in a house of this kind. The roof presents an overshadowing, sheltering effect, 
 which is very desirable in a summer house. Cost, $3,325. 
 
 MASONIC ASSOCIATION BUILDING. 
 
 This design was prepared for erection at Mil- 
 ford, Conn., for the Masonic Lodge at that town, 
 and is a well arranged building for the purposes 
 for which it is intended. The ground floor makes 
 a very large and commodious store, being well 
 lighted, ventilated, etc. The front platform and 
 show windows are covered with a slated hood, 
 serving as a protection to the goods displayed 
 from the weather, as well as sheltering the en- 
 trances and show windows to the store from the 
 heat and storm. The side front door is arranged 
 so as to divide the store in two if required, as it 
 was considered an excellent place in which to ar- 
 range the post-office on the right hand side of 
 center entrance. There is a cellar under the 
 whole building, with a stairway from store placed 
 under main stairs, and also an outside entrance 
 on the rear, which, as the building stands upon a 
 corner lot, is very convenient and easy of access. 
 
 The entrance to lodge rooms is placed on 
 the side front, and is thus isolated from the store. 
 
 The entrance is protected by a cosy porch, over 
 which the second story is extended, making the 
 necessary recess for organ in lodge room. The 
 lodge room, with its ante-rooms, closets, etc., will 
 at once be seen, by those who are initiated in 
 the mysteries of Masonry, to be all that is desir- 
 able, and arranged to suit the requirements of a 
 l'egularly constituted lodge of A. F. and A. M. 
 
 The east end of the lodge room is very neat and 
 effective, the recess behind the W. M. having a 
 circle head, with the round stained glass window 
 placed in the upper part, in which is worked the 
 all-seeing eye, and other appropriate emblems. 
 
 The other windows have transom lights, filled with 
 stained glass, in which is worked such designs as 
 are emblematical of Masonry. The wood-work 
 is all in pine, finished with Crockett’s Preservative, 
 chamfers and cut-work black. The lodge room 
 ceiling is 16 feet high, the two sides being cut 
 off with the slope of the roof, which forms an ex- 
 cellent surface for the brethren artistically inclined 
 to show what they know about fresco work suited 
 to such a place. The stairs leading from tiler’s 
 lobby extend up to a large room over the ante- 
 room and preparation room, whose ceilings are xo 
 feet 6 inches high, arranged for storage purposes, 
 and which will be found useful to accommodate 
 the paraphernalia required in working the degrees 
 of a chapter. Some of your Masonic friends may 
 say there is something wanting, which always 
 goes with a lodge room for a chapter. To which 
 we would say: be not alarmed; all this has been 
 thought about and provided for ; and we would 
 say to those requiring such plans that there is 
 here room for everything required in working every 
 degree known to Masonry in a manner suited to 
 the requirements of a lodge of this kind — and we speak understand- 
 ing^ and from experience. 
 
 The construction throughout is of wood, built in the most thor- 
 ough manner ; hard pine floor in store ; lodge room floors double and 
 thoroughly deadened ; frame sheathed and covered with heavy felt 
 paper, and the roof is of black slate, with ridges of terra cotta ; tower 
 
 
 
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 finial of iron. The cost of this building complete is $3,000 ; and we 
 think that no country town having a lodge of Masons can afford to 
 be without such a building as this, as by owning such a building, 
 they are fulfilling one of the tenets of Masonry, besides being a mon- 
 ument of the taste, spirit and liberality of its founders. 
 
Design 45, Plate 35. ^ 
 
 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York 
 
PLATE 36. 
 
 Design 46 — Shows plans, elevations and perspective view of a two-family house, with the desired con- 
 veniences to make a house of this kind what it should be. The rooms are compact and well arranged, and a 
 large amount of room is given, and is calculated to be a good investment. Cost, $3,750. 
 
 DESIGN FOR A COUNTRY BANK AND LIBRARY. 
 
 This design shows a good study for a bank and 
 library, suited to the requirements of a small country 
 town. The first or ground floor contains the Banking- 
 room, which is large and spacious, and adapted to the 
 wants and requirements of both national and savings 
 bank. The business room is reached by a separate en- 
 trance through a tiled vestibule. The vault is very large, 
 and should be built upon a solid granite foundation, 
 interior lined with a steel case one inch thick, next to 
 which should be granite stones one foot thick, doweled 
 together with steel dowels, then outside of this one foot 
 thick with best hard brick, laid in Portland cement ; 
 the doors to be double, with heavy iron vestibules, grouted 
 in with Portland cement, the top covered with railroad 
 iron, on which place a floor of granite thoroughly grouted, 
 etc. A guard room could be here placed between the 
 bank-vault and the library-vault. This room could be 
 reached from lavatory and by having an opening over 
 vault door, the guard could control the entrance. 
 
 The private office would be found very useful for 
 directors’ meetings and private business generally. The 
 cellar contains the necessary room for heating apparatus, 
 fuel, etc., and is reached by a stairway from directors’ 
 room, having no outside entrance. The side-wall desk, 
 in business-room, is an indispensable feature in all banks 
 and the settees placed each side of front windows would 
 be found very convenient during business hours. The 
 bank counters, fittings and finish on this floor to be of 
 ash, filled. Floors of hard-wood with a neat border. 
 
 The second floor contains library, reading-room, 
 etc., and is reached by a separate entrance and an easy 
 staircase. The delivery-desk being placed in the position 
 shown, renders it easy for those requiring books, etc., to 
 get them without entering reading-room, and the librarian 
 can thus see all who come and go as well as see into the 
 reading-room. The work-room is required for unpacking, 
 covering and labeling books, etc., while the vault makes an 
 excellent fire-proof room in which to store valuable papers, 
 or to be used for town records, etc. The reading-room is 
 a pleasant room, and with its open fire-place, in which 
 a wood fire can be burnt, would be a pleasant place to 
 while away an evening in reading. The book-room is 
 neatly arranged so as to store about seven thousand 
 volumes, the alcoves containing the books being well- 
 lighted. This floor throughout to be finished in pine in 
 the natural color, with cut and incised work picked out in 
 color. The stairs of hard-wood. The floor of hard-wood. 
 The first story is brick and stone construction, the upper 
 story being shingled ; roof covered with black slate. 
 Such a building as this is an ornament to any town, and 
 certainly is a paying investment as it is by no means 
 expensive, the whole of the work to be done in a sub 
 stantial manner at a cost of $6,000. 
 
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PLATE 37. 
 
 Design 47 — Illustrates a handsome brick and timber cottage, the plan of which is very compact and con- 
 venient. The laundry is located under kitchen. The first story is faced with select North Haven brick of 
 even color. The second story is of timber construction, and painted a warm red color, trimmed with black. 
 Cost, $4,000. 
 
 TOWN HALL. 
 
 Here is a study for a small town ha'l, suited to 
 the requirements of a country town of from four to 
 five thousand inhabitants. It has often seemed to us, 
 in our professional journeys through numerous country 
 towns in different parts of the country, that there was 
 a lack of interest on the part of the inhabitants in 
 those things which so often tend toward the public 
 good — morally, intellectually and otherwise. There 
 should be in every town the public building, in which 
 all should take equal delight and pride. This building 
 should not be a wooden, tumble-down, flat or mansard- 
 roofed dry goods box, neither need it be an attic in 
 some building, the lower part of which is used as a 
 store-room for kerosene or any other equally com- 
 bustible material, but should be a real solid, sub- 
 stantial brick building, which should be built in a 
 proper manner, the floors fire-proof — not built in that 
 slip-slop fashion that old fogies always prefer, the 
 wooden beams and floors forming beautiful flues for 
 the devouring flames to creep through, thereby at all 
 times rendering such buildings perfect man-traps. 
 
 The roof should be a feature of the building, and not, 
 as many suppose, be made to appear as small as pos- 
 sible, as if it was something to keep out of sight. In 
 the design here illustrated it has not been the aim to 
 produce anything but a good, plain, honest building, 
 suited to the requirements of a country town. The 
 basement is reached by front entrance directly under 
 main entrance, and the floor of porch above forms a 
 covered porch for basement entrance. The hall is 
 large and spacious, and communicates with court- 
 room, neater-room and firemen’s sitting-room, also 
 hall of first floor by a flight of easy stairs. The fire- 
 engine room is large, and has two large doors suitable 
 for running in engine and hose wagon, and connecting 
 as it does with sitting-room, makes a convenient ar- 
 rangement. The chief’s office is connected with 
 court-room and has an outside door. Four cells are 
 provided, in which to stow away at times the refractory 
 individuals who insist on being in hot water. The 
 room connected with chief’s office is arranged for the 
 reception of lady and aristocratic prisoners, as de- 
 linquent bank presidents and cashiers, insurance 
 officers, etc. The first floor contains court-room 
 with judges’ and jury-room, town clerk’s office, 
 with a large fire-proof vault in which to stow away 
 the town records, two good offices which should 
 hold lawyers enough to do what legal business is 
 necessary to be done in a town of this size. The 
 hall is spacious and communicates directly with 
 offices and court-room, and has a broad and easy staircase ascend- 
 ing to the large, high hall above, the whole of which is in one 
 room for assembly purposes. Such a hall as this is capable of being 
 fitted up and answering for everything required in a country town, as 
 a caucus meeting, or theatrical performance, for private parties and 
 public balls, church fairs or even ministers’ donation parties. This 
 hall would be a source of revenue that would almost run the entire 
 building, ar.d would be a source of continual enjoyment to the citizens 
 
 of the town. The building is thoroughly ventilated throughout. 
 The outer walls built of good, honest red brick in colored mortar, 
 with stone basement, water-table, sills, steps, etc. The roof slated. 
 The first and second floors of rolled wrought iron beams and corrugated 
 iron arches, filled in with cement concrete, on which is bedded the 
 sleepers the hard pine floors are laid on. The interior finish to be of 
 hard-wood, in a plain and suitable manner. Cost, $12,000. 
 
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 Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
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PLATE 38. 
 
 Design 48 — Shows plans and elevations of a country house of nine rooms, to be finished in a very plain 
 manner. Cost, $2,600. 
 
 EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 This church is erected at Stafford Springs, Conn., and is built on 
 one of the most peculiar sites imaginable, being on a triangular cor- 
 ner lot, situated on a side of a hill, which brings the whole of one side 
 of basement out of ground and the opposite side, where drive porch 
 is, on a level with the church floor. The basement is built of Mon- 
 son granite laid in irregular courses, with cut sills, lintels, etc., the 
 area copings and steps being of cut granite. The basement gives 
 good Sunday-School rooms, with a ceiling of eleven feet, and is so 
 arranged as to be thrown into one room by means of sliding doors. 
 The stairs from basement to floor above are convenient and easy of 
 ascent, and gives room underneath for a water-closet, and the room 
 under tower is used for fuel. The windows in basement are filled 
 with diamond glass with stained borders, set in leaded frame-work. 
 The ground floor or auditorium is 31 x 53^ feet in size, and will seat 
 225 comfortably. The ceiling is finished with open timber and 
 plastered panels ; the windows are filled with rolled Scotch cathedral 
 glass of handsome design, the chancel windows and rose window in 
 front being very handsome. The fittings are all of pine — seats finished 
 in natural wood and have black walnut rolls on backs. The chancel 
 is of good size, having robing-room connected, which is reached 
 from outside, and contains wardrobe, etc., the organ being placed on 
 the opposite side. 
 
 The construction throughout above basement is of wood — roof 
 slated with black slate and cut bands — and the whole exterior of wood- 
 work is painted, the body Venetian red, and trimmings Indian red, 
 with the cut-work, battens, etc., black. These colors, with the pic- 
 
 turesque surroundings, form a pleasing picture to the eye, and one 
 which should be seen to be appreciated. The cross section gives an 
 
 idea of the interior at chancel. This Church cost $4,500 complete, 
 and is one of the neatest church buildings for the money that it is 
 possible to get up. 
 
79 
 
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 DESIGN 48. 
 
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PLATE 39. 
 
 Design 49 — Illustrates a pair of brick houses, of large accommodation, with convenient and compact plan 
 giving twelve rooms each with conveniences. The underpinning of Longmeadow brown stone, also water- 
 table and window sills ; the exterior walls faced with North Haven selected brick, of even color, laid in red 
 mortar, and finished with a black joint ; slopes of roof slated ; exterior wood-work painted a warm red color 
 and trimmed with black ; interior finished in a neat manner and painted. Cost, $3,100 each. 
 
 CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 This design is suited to the requirements of a country parish, 
 and is designed to accommodate 300. 
 
 In preparing this design it was necessary to produce a building 
 which could be erected at small expense, and in a country town where 
 only certain building materials were to be had at reasonable prices. 
 The walls are of brick, laid up fourteen inches thick, with a two-inch 
 air space ; the stone trimmings to be of granite found in the neigh- 
 borhood. The walls are kept low as possible, and are pierced with 
 wide windows, filled with stained glass in leaded frames. The roof is 
 open-timbered, giving plenty of height and ventilation. The gallery 
 is placed over the front end, which is reached by means of stairs 
 from vestibule, gives ample room for organ and choir, and is well 
 lighted by rose window, while the tower is arranged to contain bell, 
 or even a peal of bells if desired, which can be rung from gallery 
 floor below. 
 
 The side porches to auditorium, also to vestry room, make these 
 entrances desirable, as they are protected from the weather. The 
 lower part of these porches are of stone and brick construction, while 
 the upper portion is of wood ; the roofs are all slated with Bangor, 
 Pa., slate ; the brickwork laid up with red mortar, with belts, arches, 
 etc., in black mortar, and the joints ot stone-work finished in black. 
 The interior fittings all of pine, filled and finished in natural wood, 
 and cut-work picked out in color ; walls wainscoted four feet high, on 
 a level with window sills, and the ceiling panels tinted an ultramarine 
 
 blue, with stencilled stars in chrome yellow ; the side walls a light 
 drab, with a foliated stencil border over wainscot ; the altar rail of 
 ash ; and the entire building finished in a good and first-class manner. 
 Cost $7,000. 
 
 We are aware of the custom that is prevalent to those building 
 Catholic churches to copy from what they have seen elsewhere, and 
 this must be the reason for erecting so many country churches of 
 poor design ; and we would say that in preparing this design it was 
 our aim to give something entirely different from the every-day 
 Catholic church, yet such that would meet all the requirements of 
 the Catholic service ; and though the Catholic church to day has the 
 same requirements as it had five hundred years ago, it is no reason 
 why the problem cannot be solved by the architect, and all the tradi- 
 tions of the great days of the church still be preserved without turn- 
 ing to his books and copying something to resemble its predecessors 
 of years ago ; but he must work with the materials at his command, 
 combining them so as to form a harmonious whole, and suited to the 
 requirements of the form of worship ; and to do this, and obtain real 
 progress, it is necessary to work out new ideas to suit each separate 
 case, and the various materials employed should be treated without 
 any show of deceit, but let wood be wood, brick, brick and plaster, 
 plaster. Let the construction be visible and sound, and the decora- 
 tion employed be guided by the simple desire of avoiding all shams, 
 which will increase the beauty and effect of the edifice, and fill the 
 souls worshipping therein with religious emotion. 
 
Design 49 
 
 81 
 
 Plate 39. t 
 
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 Copyright, i88S, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
PLATE 40. 
 
 Design 50 — Gives plans, elevations, and perspective view of a nine-room compact cottage, designed for a 
 summer residence by the sea-side. Cost, $3,500. 
 
 The plates in this work are all very plain and are intended to tell their own story, therefore but little ex- 
 planation is necessary to make them so anyone can understand all their parts. In the matter of cost, locali- 
 ties will have much to do with it, and the business management is a very important part and will affect the 
 cost more or less. The designs have all been carefully studied, with the view to get the greatest amount of 
 room at as small an expense as possible, which is a very different matter from designing houses regardless 
 of cost. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 
 
 This design was prepared with a view of erection on a peculiar site 
 in a prosperous and growing country town, site being somewhat long 
 and narrow, one corner of which rounded off to a sharp point on the 
 rear portion of the church, and the peculiar lay-out of the plan was 
 deemed necessary to carry out the problem and to suit the site. The 
 building is unique in design and finish, and successfully fills the de- 
 mand of the modern ecclesiastical structure suited to the form of Con- 
 gregational worship. The plan is very compact, and so arranged that 
 by rolling Venetian blinds to close the openings, the auditorium, or 
 church proper, and the chapel can be thrown together, and the 
 chapel and parlor, being connected with sliding doors, can be thus 
 opened into and used as one ; and the' kitchen in connection with par- 
 lor makes a desirable feature, and one which cannot fail to be appre- 
 ciated by all Congregationalists. The auditorium proper is an octa- 
 gon with two long sides, the organ being placed behind the pulpit, 
 and all seats radiating from the pulpit give each and everyone an 
 equal opportunity to see and hear ; the doors on either side of the 
 pulpit lead to choir and minister’s room, both of which are connected 
 
 with a hallway having an outside entrance ; here also is provided a 
 toilet-room, containing closet and bowl. The main entrance is placed 
 in the angle of auditorium and chapel, and connects with each, while 
 the circular apse contains the stairway up to bell chamber above. 
 Over this entrance the tower rises to a height of ninety feet, and is 
 arranged so as to hold a peal of bells, if desired. At either flank 
 of the octagon the walls are pierced with doors or windows, and the 
 windows are filled with stained glass ; and as the outside walls are kept 
 low, the principal light comes from the clerestory windows, and with 
 the open-timber roof and stained glass the interior effect is very 
 striking, adding much to the apparent height of the interior. The 
 interior finish of ash ; the walls above wainscoting to have a dark tint, 
 and above a lighter shade. The church body to be built out of a 
 dark granite, found in the immediate neighborhood, laid in irregular 
 courses, level beds and plumb joints ; the belts, sills, etc., of light 
 granite, with drafted margins ; roofs covered with black slate. Cost 
 about $10,000, in favorable locality ; accommodation, 500. 
 
 The octagon must become in time both common and popular ; 
 for when it is properly treated, it can be made to satisfy all the laws 
 of good taste and the requirements of a Church, which will make 
 those who worship there feel that they are really in the house of God. 
 
 ■ ■iiMirmi 
 
Copyright, 1888, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
MODERN COTTAGE 
 
 With four rooms on each floor, also showing how it can be built with only three rooms on a 
 floor and with or without tower. Cost six-room cottage, $i,Soo to $2,100, and of eight rooms, $2,650 to $3,500. 
 
 SPECIFICATIONS 
 
 Of the works and materials required in the 
 panying design, as shown by the different drawings 
 
 Dimensions . — The drawings mnst be accurately followed accord- 
 ing to their scale, and in all cases preference given to figures over 
 scale. The building to be in size as shown and figured on drawings, 
 divided, subdivided and built in exact accordance with plans and 
 specifications, and the work executed in the best, most substantial 
 and workmanlike manner and according to the true meaning and in- 
 tent of these particulars and the drawings referred to, and which are 
 intended to include everything requisite and necessary to the proper 
 and entire finishing of the work, even though every item involved 
 by the work is not particularly mentioned, and the work to be deliv- 
 ered up when finished in a perfect and undamaged state without ex- 
 ception, and at completion all rubbish, surplus and waste materials 
 shall be removed from the premises, scrub the floors, wash the win- 
 dows, and leave the building fit and readv for occupation. 
 
 MASON WORK 
 
 Excavation . — Excavate in depth for all cellar and foundations, 
 and for footings of all walls and chimneys, also for drains, cistern, 
 and cess-pools; dig trenches for footings of walls 4 inches below fin- 
 ished level of cellar bottom, fill in and pack around walls when mor- 
 tar is dry: grade the excavated earth around the premises as may be 
 required and directed, lay aside the top soil at commencement and 
 replace over the graded surface at completion. 
 
 Stem Work. — Build foundation walls of good fiat building stone, 
 of flat bed and firm build, laid in clean, sharp sand, lime and cement 
 mortar, in equal parts lime and cement: lay both sides by and full 
 to a line and point the inner face at completion. Lay down sub- 
 stantial foundations under chimney and piers in cellar; put down, 
 clear of frost, foundations under piers supporting veranda, also under 
 all exterior steps ; area steps and coping to be of good blue stone 
 properly walled in, etc. 
 
 Underpin ni r.g . — Build the underpinning walls 16 inches thick from 
 grade level, with good quality quarry stone, laid (rock face) level 
 beds and plumb joints on such portions as show, and neatly pointed 
 and penciled at completion, parts under verandas to be good stone 
 walls, same as cellar walls. Window sills to be of blue stone. Leave 
 all openings in stone work as required for drains and other pipes. 
 
 Cistern . — To be built as shown, the walls of brick laid in cement 
 and smoothly coated on the inside with cement, and the bottom 
 paved with brick and coated same as sides. 
 
 Cess-pools . — Stone up one cess-pool for overflow from cistern as 
 shown, one for wash-tray waste as shown, also main cess-pool placed 
 50 ft. from house and to be 5 ft. diameter, and 7 ft. deep in the clear, 
 stoned up in good shape, drawn in on top, and to have manhole 
 18 inches under ground covered over with flagstone. 
 
 Drains . — To be laid as shown, and to be of best quality Akron 
 sewer pipe salt-glazed and laid on a proper grade, joints made tight 
 with cement, and to be trapped as shown. 
 
 Brisk 7 Cork . — To be laid up with best quality hard-burned brick 
 and clean, sharp sand and lime mortar. 
 
 Piers . — Build all piers as shown in cellar, and cap same with a flat 
 stone size of piers, also build piers supporting verandas as shown. 
 
 Chimneys. — Build the chimneys as shown on plans. Carry up the 
 flues of uniform size, well pargeted, and to have the required stove 
 collars and ventilating covers inserted where required; turn arches to 
 all fire-places and trimmer arches under hearths. Top out above the 
 roof with selected brick, trimmed, etc., as shown by the drawings, 
 laid up in red mortar and cap with a stone 5 inches to 8 inches thick. 
 The chimney tops above roof to be laid up with 8 inch walls for ex- 
 terior and 4 inch partitions between flues. Arrange ash-pit in cellar 
 as shown and place a small iron door in bottom, and dumps m hearths 
 of parlor and dining-room fire-places. Face the throat, breast and 
 jambs of kitchen fire-place with good selected red brick in red mor- 
 tar, and place a 5x10 inch cut-stone lintel or shelf over same. Face 
 the other fire-places with good quality bun brick laid in mortar col- 
 ored to match, and pave backs of fire-places with fire brick, the 
 hearths to be of slate, in style, etc., as shown, and firmly bedded on 
 mortar, and laid about 3-16 of an inch above finished floor adjoining. 
 
 Lathing. — Lath all walls and ceilings of first and second floors, 
 also tower room, with sound, well-seasoned lath, joints broken every 
 ter rii course, securely nailed to studs. 
 
 Plastering. — .Li walls and ceilings that are lathed on 1st, 2d,and 3d 
 floors to be plastered with one good coat of brown, well-haired mortar, 
 axd fir.lsh wi ithone good coat of white sand or hard finish. All angles 
 to be maintained sharpand regular in form, walls finished straight and 
 plumb, and in all cases plastering to extend clear down to the floor. 
 
 Centers . — Furnish and put up three neat and appropriate center 
 pieces of such pattern as selected by owner. 
 
 Arches . — The arch beams to be molded on angles with rule joint 
 molding and to be finished at ends with suitable and appronriate corbels. 
 
 erection, construction and completion of the accom- 
 and as herein specified. 
 
 Cellar. — Level off and settle the cellar bottom and cover it flush 
 and smooth throughout with cement concrete in 3 parts of clean, 
 coarse gravel and one of cement, 2 inches deep and finished with a 
 true and even surface. 
 
 Final . — Whitewash twice the walls in cellar and laundry, also 
 all brickwork in samp ) and joist overhead. Do all necessary patch- 
 ing and mending of walls after other workmen, and leave the whole 
 in a complete and perfect state of completion. 
 
 CARPENTER WORK. 
 
 Timber. — The whole of the timber used in and throughout the work to be 
 the best of their several kinds, well seasoned and free from sap, shakes or 
 other imperfections impairing its durability or strength: timber not exposed 
 to be of spruce, pine or clean hemlock, and where exposed to view to be of 
 good quality pine. 
 
 Framing . — The frame to be a balloon frame, properly halved and spiked 
 together, the girts to be notched into and well spiked to studs. Do all the 
 necessary framing around stairways and chimneys, all properly mortised and 
 tenoned together, all to be done in a workmanlike and substantial manner. 
 
 Frame Timber . — Girders, 6x8 inches ; sills. 4x6 inches ; posts, 4x6 inches ; 
 girts, 1x4 inches; plates, 2x4 inches, double and well spiked tocether 
 and on to studs : first and second floor joists 2x9 inches — 16-inch 
 centers ; attic, 2x7 inches — 16-inch centers; header and trimmer beams 
 double; roof rafters, 2x6 inches — 2 ft. centers; hip and valley rafters, 
 2x8 inches. Door and window studs. 3x4 inches ; intermediate studding, 
 2x4 inches — 16 in. centers; main partitions to be set as the frame is 
 raised, and to foot on the girders below, having 3x4 inch plates on 
 which to foot second story partitions and carry floor joists. All 
 angles to be formed solid and all partitions to be bridged once in their 
 height ; veranda sills, 4x7 inches ; floor joist, 2x7 inches — 20 inch centers ; 
 rafters, 2x5 inches ; plates, columns, balusters, etc., as shown by the design ; 
 also furnish any other timber as required by the design. 
 
 Bridging . — All floor timbers to be bridged every five feet with 1x2 inch 
 cross bridging well nailed. 
 
 Furring . — Do all necessary furring as required for stairs, closets, arch 
 beams, etc. 
 
 Sheathing . — Cover the entire frame on exterior with tongued and grooved 
 boards not to exceed 8 inches in width, placed diagonally and well nailed 
 with lod. nails. 
 
 Lumber . — The lumber to be of white pine unless otherwise specified, well 
 seasoned and dry ; the clapboards to be perfectly clear, as also the sashes 
 and panel work throughout. 
 
 Comer Boards.- -Casings, bands, etc., to be one and a quarter inches 
 thick, 6 inches face ; bands rabbeted top and bottom for clapboarding, etc., 
 water-table to be formed as shown, furred off from frame and to have rab- 
 beted beveling cap to receive clapboards . 
 
 Clapboarding . — The sides of first story and rear wing, as shown, to be 
 covered with 5 inch clapboards hating one and a quarter inch lap and nailed 
 with 8 d. box naik ; these, as also all other exterior finish, to be underlaid 
 
 with brand rosin-sized waterproof sheathing felt, properly stretched, 
 
 lapped and tacked on so as to make a tight job. 
 
 Shingle Work . — Side walls of second story, tower, etc., as shown, to be 
 covered with shingles 6 inches wide and 6 inches to weather, laid in style as 
 per drawing, and properly flashed at all comers and connections so as to in- 
 sure a perfectly tight job. 
 
 Cornices. — The comice to eaves to be formed with 2x5 inch dressed rafter 
 feet and plancier of narrow matched boards face down on rafter feet. The 
 raking eaves and cornices to be formed as shown, with 2 inch barge boards, 
 soffits, etc., as per plans, and all other cornices, caps and exterior finish to 
 be executed in accordance with the drawings for same. 
 
 Roofing . — The whole of the main and veranda roofs to be covered with 
 best quality 1 8 inch pine shingle, laid on one and one-eighth ‘by two inch 
 strips and five and one-half inch to the weather, put on in best manner, 
 properly laid, joints broken and each shingle nailed with two 4 d. nails, the 
 valleys to be properly lined with tin 20 inches wide ; also do the necessary 
 tin work behind tower as required to throw the water out to the front, as 
 shown by plan. Balcony over front bay to be covered with tin in the ordi- 
 dary manner. 
 
 Gutters . — To be lined with tin throughout, and to have galvanized 
 
 iron conductor pipes from same to convey the water 
 
 from gutter' to cistern or drain, as shown by the drawings ; these conduc- 
 tors to be secured with galvanized iron hold fasts and to have proper curves 
 and bends as required. 
 
 Finial . — On tower, as shown, to be of wrought iron, vane to work on 
 a pivot, to have galvanized iron cover for top of roof at base, and to be prop- 
 erly secured inside in the best manner possible, finial to be painted, gilded 
 and finished up in a complete manner. 
 
 IV indaws . — Cellar frames to be of 2x6 inch plank rabbeted to receive 
 sash ; sash hinged to top and to have suitable fasteners to keep either open 
 or shut — other frames to be made for double hung sash as shown ; 1 inch 
 pulley styles, 2 inch sills, and seven-eighth inch counter sills ; sash to be one 
 
 and one-half inch thick hung with sash cord ; one and three- 
 
 quarter inch enameled face pulleys and cast iron weights, secured with 
 
 sash locks placed on the meeting rails; glazed with second quality 21 oz. 
 sheet glass < except staircase and toilet room window, which are to be glazed 
 with Scotch cathedral giass in different tints). Window from dining room to 
 rear veranda to be a French window with sliding head. Bay windows to be 
 finished, built, etc., in strict accordance with the drawings for same. 
 
 Blinds . — All the windows in parlor, sitting room and dining room of 
 
85 
 
 MODERN COTTAGE 
 
 With four rooms on each floor, also showing how it can be built with only three rooms on a 
 floor and with or without tower. Cost of six-room cottage, complete, $i,8oo to $2,100, and of the 
 eight-room cottage, $2,650 to $3,500. The eight-room cottage has been built for $2,350, and with rooms 
 two feet larger each way. 
 
 1 l p>n shewing. 
 
 PLA_N\ 
 
first floor, and the second floor, to have patent inside window blinds, 
 
 maple slats with red trimmings, etc., and fit up complete ready for use. 
 
 Door Frames. — Outside door frames to have plank jambs rabbeted for 
 doors ; casings as before specified and hardwood door sills. 
 
 Verandas. — To be constructed as shown ; floors laid with one and one- 
 eighth by four inch pine plank, paint joints and well nailed to bearings ; 
 steps, one and one-quarter inches thick, risers seven-eighth inches with 
 coves under nosings and enclosed below floor to grade level with panels, 
 facia, etc., as shown. Columns, plates, rails, balusters, etc., to be as shown, 
 the ceiling to, be formed by laying narrow matched and beaded boards face 
 down on the dressed and chamfered rafters similar to main roof eave finish, 
 and the cornices, gutters, etc., formed as shown by the drawings. 
 
 Floors. — Lay the kitchen, pantry, sink room and passage or back hall 
 floors with yellow pine flooring not to exceed 3 inches widq, and blind nailed, 
 All other floors lay with seven-eighth by five and one-half inch matched 
 flooring well nailed, and selecting the best for first and second floors, and 
 using only sound flooring in attic ; all spaces to be closed up completely 
 around outer walls and partitions. 
 
 Casing.— The three main rooms and front hall of first floor to have 
 doors and windows cased with seven-eighth by five inch casings, the win- 
 dows to be cased to floor, having finish of narrow matched ceiling under sill 
 and base board continued across same as on plastered walls, and the sill fin- 
 ished to match casings. Door jambs to be rabbeted to receive doors and 
 beaded on the edges ; the above work all to be finished up in a neat manner 
 for natural wood finish, all inside work to be hand-smoothed and properly 
 sandpapered with the grain of the wood. All other parts to be cased with 
 four and one-half inch casings and finished with two and one-quarter inch 
 back mold, the windows having rabbeted nosing stools and neat molded aprons. 
 
 Saddles. — All doors to have hardwood saddles one-half inch thick, and 
 in width to be on a line with base boards both sides of partitions. 
 
 Base . — Base on first floor to be seven-eighths by eight inches, with one 
 and three-quarter inch mold on top, and elsewhere eight inch plain beveled. 
 
 Wainscot.— Walls of kitchen to be wainscoted 3 feet high with one-half 
 inch narrow beaded battens and cap with a neat rabbeted and molded cap. 
 
 Doors. — To be in size, etc., as marked on plans. Those on first floor 
 main rooms and halls to be two panels wide and three high, with molded 
 rails and chamfered styles and muntins. Front doors make as shown by 
 drawings. All other doors to be good stock molded, doors of size and 
 thickness as marked on plans ; sliding doors to be hung overhead with .... 
 
 . . . .patent adjustable hangers on hardwood tracks securely bolted to timber 
 work, and to have the necessary guides as required, to have astragal joint 
 up center, and flush bronze furniture. 
 
 Flinges. — Doors on first floor main to be hung with three and one- 
 half by three and one-half inch black japanned loose pin butts, and 
 elsewhere with three and one-half inch plain loose pin butts. All doors 
 over 7 feet high to have three butts to each. 
 
 Locks . — Secure all doors with a three and one-half inch brass front 
 mortise lock, except front door, which is to have a 5 inch lock with night- 
 latch combined. (All locks to be of Company's make throughout.) 
 
 Knobs. — Front outside door to have bronze knob and escutcheons. 
 First floor main rooms, etc,, to have knobs of Eastlake pattern, 
 
 elsewhere plain, and suitable escutcheons to all. 
 
 Bolts . — The double doors to have brass face flush bolts of suitable size ; 
 also put six patent door bolts on rear outside and dining room front 
 
 door, and on such other doors as directed. 
 
 Stops . — Put rubber-tipped door stops in base boards where required. 
 
 Stairs . — Cellar stairs to be plank stairs (no risers), and slat rail down 
 one side. Back and attic stairs to be box stairs, as shown, put tfp in good 
 style and a rail placed up one side of each, and rail around the top of attic 
 stairs at floor level, as requit ed. Build main staircase as shown, one and 
 one-eighth inch tread and strings, seven-eighth inch risers, molded nosings, 
 and the whole put together and supported in the best manner ; to have 7 
 inch turned newel at start, 4x4 inch posts with turned caps, two and one- 
 quarter by three inch molded rail and one and three-quarter inch turned 
 balusters. Rail, newels, posts and balusters to be of ash. 
 
 Bath Room .— To be fit up in good style, the water-closet seats and lid 
 and bath tub top to be of hard wood, other fittings of pine. The walls over 
 tub to be ceiled up 2 feet high with one-half inch beaded battens and neatly 
 capped ; fit up drawers as shown at head of bath tub, and enclose under 
 washbowls and doors properly hung and secured. Put up one dozen hooks 
 in bath and toilet rooms as directed. 
 
 Closets . — All closets to be properly fit up with shelves and wardrobe 
 hooks, 8 inches apart, passed all around on neat molded strips. Linen closet 
 to have shelves placed in same 11 inches apart up to ceiling ; other closets fit 
 up as directed. 
 
 Passage . — Fit up presses in passage way from dining room to kitchen 
 as shown ; to have hinged doors, six drawers under counter shelf and small 
 closets, all fit up in complete order with pulls, catches, locks, etc., as required. 
 
 Sink Room . — To be fit up in good style, the counter-shelf at sink level 
 to go on three sides as shown, and two sides to be enclosed under with nar- 
 row beaded lumber and to have doors properly hung and secured. Fit up 
 shelves above the sink on one side up to ceiling and 16 inches apart, and put 
 up one dozen hooks on neat strips as directed. 
 
 Pantry . — To have counter shelf and four shelves above ; closet under 
 counter shelf for barrel of flour, with lid to take out flour, and three drawers 
 properly fitted, etc. 
 
 Bell . — Front door to have bell-pull, etc., to match other finish, and swing 
 bell in kitchen properly connected with same. 
 
 Wash Tubs . — Construct wash tubs in laundry as shown, to be con- 
 structed out of 2 inch plank and to be 14 inches deep, having hinged plank 
 lids on top, to be properly set up and finished complete. 
 
 Tank . — Construct a tank in attic as shown, 3 feet deep, made out of 2 
 inch plank, properly supported, braced, etc., and to have a hinged cover over 
 same to keep out dust, etc. The floor under tank arranged as a tray, with 
 drip and pipe running outside upon roof, properly tinned and arranged to 
 carry away any leakage that might occur. 
 
 Cellar Partitions . — To be constructed with matched and dressed 
 boards, secured to the requisite frame-work, and the doors to be good 
 battened doors, properly hung and secured. Place outside slanting doors 
 
 over the outside cellar steps, and put up a double swing shelf as shown in 
 store cellar, and 30 feet of other shelving, as directed. 
 
 Coal Bins . — To be built up in good manner, as shown, to be boarded 
 up 5 feet high with matched boards, and to have the necessary slides, etc., as 
 required for taking out coal. 
 
 Cold Air Inlet.— Frame to be put in as shown, to have wire netting 
 over outside, and a sash hinged on inside, same as the other cellar windows. 
 
 Mantels . — Construct and set two ash mantel pieces in parlor and 
 dining room, as shown by the design for same, the tile in frieze of mantels 
 to be fables for parlor and rural scenes for dining room ; the mantel in room 
 of second floor to be of pine, as shown by drawings, and the whole to be 
 secured and put together in best manner possible. 
 
 PLUMBER’S WORK. 
 
 Iron Soil Pipe . — Furnish and put up, properly connecting with drain at 
 outside cellar walls, a 4 inch cast iron soil pipe, extend up and connect with 
 water closet in bath room with 6 lb. lead Strap soil pipe to extend up 
 
 through roof and be there capped with a ventilator; soil pipe to be 
 
 properly secured, tar-coated both inside and out, and joints caulked with lead. 
 Run a 2-inch cast-iron waste pipe, properly hung from cellar ceiling and con- 
 nected to 4-inch pipe, for waste of washbowl in toilet room, and run lines of 
 i -inch or iron pipe from top of all traps in the building, and carry up and 
 connect into the 4-inch soil vent at a point not less than 2 feet above highest 
 waste connection. Put in a 3 inch fresh air inlet pipe, as shown, on outside, 
 with opening 2 feet above ground, and with a screen over to exclude dirt and 
 filling up. 
 
 Supply from boiler to be a five-eighth inch A pipe connected with tank 
 in attic and boiler in kitchen, and to such other parts as required. 
 
 Boiler to be a 35-gallon patent copper boiler, set on a 
 
 single legged cast iron stand, connected to water-back of range through 
 double A pipe and brass couplings. 
 
 Range to be a single oven No. o, set up with all the con- 
 
 nections complete ready for use. 
 
 Pump . — Put in a brass lift and combination force pump, connect with 
 cistern through one and one-quarter inch B lead pipe, and connect with 
 tank in attic through one inch B lead pipe. Place a stop-cock on pipe, so 
 cold water can be drawn direct at sink, and run a one-half inch tell-tale 
 pipe back to sink from tank. 
 
 Sink to be of cast iron, 20 inches by 34 inches by 6 inches in size, gal- 
 vanized, and to have hot water through five-eighth inch A pipe, five-eighth 
 inch brass draw-cock, 2 inch lead waste, properly trapped and connected 
 to main 4 inch soil, as required. 
 
 Wash Tubs to have hot and cold water through five-eighth inch A 
 pipe and brass thimble-tray draw-cocks ; 2 inch main waste and one and 
 one-half inches branch wastes from each tray, properly trapped and con- 
 nected with drain to cess-pool at outside cellar wall, to have brass plugs, 
 chain, etc., complete to tubs. 
 
 Wash Bowls to be of ware, to have marble countersink tops, 
 
 surbases 10 inches high, to be supplied with hot and cold water through one- 
 half inch Alead pipe and compression nickelplated cocks, plated plugs and 
 chains; inch heavy lead wastes, properly trapped and connected. Place lead 
 pans under each with three-fourth inch drip pipe connected and running to cel- 
 lar ceiling and there left open. Overflow pipes from basins and bath to be 
 branched into dips of traps to each. 
 
 Water Closet . — To be a Sanitary Closet, all earthenware, 
 
 supplied with water through five-eighth inch A pipe, and having a stop-cock 
 to regulate the flow of water to bowl, and to be fit up in a complete and per- 
 fect manner without exception ; lead pan to be placed under water closet 
 same as wash bowls. 
 
 Bath Tub . — To be 14 oz. sheet copper well tinned and planished ; sup- 
 plied with hot and cold water through five-eighth inch A pipe, five-eighth 
 inch double hot and cold bath bibb, plated plug and chain, rubber hose 
 shower attachment ; waste, one and one-half inch, with running trap prop- 
 erly connected to Y branch of iron soil pipe. 
 
 Tank . — To be lined with 4 lb. sheet lead ; wipe the seams, dot the 
 sides and leave lead smooth all around, only copper nails to be used ; place 
 a stop-cock on supply under tank to shut water off from house ; provide 
 overflow near top of tank, run to outside of house or into gutter. All 
 lead waste connections to iron to be made through brass ferrules soldered 
 to lead and caulked into the iron. 
 
 Circulation . — A one-half inch AA lead pipe to be connected to hot 
 water pipes at highest points, and to run down and connect to sediment 
 pipe below boiler inside sediment cock, to keep up a continued circulation of 
 hot water, and a one-half inch pipe run from top of hot water pipe and up 
 3 inches above tank, turned over into same for steam escape, having end 
 left open. 
 
 Cocks. — Put in the necessary stop-cocks over the boiler, to shut the 
 water off from upper part of the house, also put a branch and stop-cock 
 connected with drain for emptying the boiler, and all other stop or draw- 
 cocks as may be necessary to make a complete and first-class job. All 
 
 cocks to be of the best quality of make. All pipes to be 
 
 so graded that they drain dry when water is shut off, and the whole of the 
 work delivered up in a complete and perfect state without exception. 
 
 PAINTER’S WORK. 
 
 Properly stop and otherwise prepare for and paint all wood work that 
 is customary and usual to paint, both interior and exterior, two good coats 
 of the best lead and oil paint, the exterior work in the following colors, 
 
 which are taken from card of pure tinted gloss paints, 
 
 Body of the work, as clapboards, No ; trim- 
 ming colors, as casings, water table, corner boards, belts, veranda columns, 
 
 frame work, barges, etc., No Shingle work of second story side w’alls. 
 
 No ; veranda ceilings, planciers, panels of gables, etc., No ; sash, 
 
 No. ... ; exterior doors trimmed with Nos. ... and ... ; veranda floors, 
 No. . . . ; finial to be painted with No. . . . and glided with gold leaf, etc. 
 The inside work of three main rooms and front hall, first floor, mantels and 
 
 main stairs and door saddles to be filled with filler, properly 
 
 applied and finished with one good coat of preservative. The 
 
 balance of inside work to be painted in tints as may be directed, except 
 kitchen part, which is to be grained oak and varnished. Hard pine floors to 
 have two good coats linseed oil, rubbed in. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
87 
 
 MODERN COTTAGE 
 
 With four rooms on each floor, also showing how it can be built with only three rooms on a 
 floor and with or without tower. Cost of six-room cottage, complete, $1,800 to $2,100, and of the 
 eight-room cottage, $2,650 to $3,500. The eight-room cottage has been built for $2,350, with rooms 
 two feet larger each way. 
 
 /& IN* I foot: B 
 
 5 ELLON □ FLDDFl PLAN. 
 

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 SIDE ELEVATION FRONT ELEVATION 
 
89 
 
 SIDE ELEVATION 
 
SPECIFICATIONS 
 
 t 
 
 Of the work and materials required in the erection , construction and completion of Design 
 
 No. 2, Plate 2. 
 
 Dimensions. — The drawings and details must be accurately followed according to their scale, and 
 in all cases preference must be given to figured dimensions over scale. The building to be in size as 
 shown on plans (figured on drawings). Cellar, six feet six inches ; first floor, nine feet in the clear, 
 divided, subdivided, and built in exact accordance with plans and specifications. 
 
 MASON WORK. 
 
 Excavating. — Do all necessary excavating required for cellar, 
 area and all foundations, to firm and solid ground, and all to be in 
 depth so that foundations will be clear of frost. 
 
 Stone Work. — Build the foundation walls of good, flat building 
 stone, of firm bed, well bonded through the wall, laid up in clean, 
 sharp sand-lime and cement mortar, in parts of one of cement to two 
 of lime, laid by and full to a line on the inner face, and flushed 
 and pointed at completion. These walls to be i foot 4 inches thick. 
 Put down in like manner foundations under all piers, chimney and 
 exterior steps, all to be clear of frost. 
 
 Drains.— All drain pipes to be of the first quality cement drain pipe, 
 in sizes as marked on plan, and to be connected with sewer in street. 
 These pipes to be properly graded, trapped and the joints cemented tight. 
 
 Underpinning. — From the top of stone wall, at grade level, extend 
 up two feet in height with 8 inch brick wall, laid up with best hard- 
 burned brick, and clean, sharp sand lime mortar; face walls with 
 selected brick of even color, laid in red mortar, close joints, jointed, 
 properly cleaned down at completion, and finished with black joints. 
 Window sills Of blue stone. 
 
 Piers. — Build piers in cellar, as shown, of best hard-burned brick, 
 laid in clean, sharp sand lime mortar, and cap with flat stone size of 
 piers. 
 
 Chimney. — Build chimney as shown, plastered on the inside and 
 outside, furnished with proper stove collars and ventilating covers 
 where required; turn arch to fire-place and turn trimmer arch under 
 hearth. Hearth to be of slate properly bedded in cement. Top out 
 the chimney above the roof, as shown, with selected brick in like 
 manner to underpinning. 
 
 Lathing. — All stud partitions, ceilings and work that is furred off 
 on first and second floors, to be lathed with sound spruce lath and 
 joints broken every tenth lath. 
 
 Plastering.— All walls, partitions and ceilings, throughout first and 
 second floors, to be plastered one good coat of brown, well-haired 
 mortar, and finish with a good coat of white hard finish. All walls 
 to be finished straight and plumb; all angles to be maintained sharp 
 and regular in form, and the plastering, in all cases, to extend clear 
 down to the floor. 
 
 CARPENTER. 
 
 Timber. — All timber not otherwise specified to be of good sea- 
 soned spruce, and put together in the most substantial and thorough- 
 ly workmanlike manner known to the trade. 
 
 Framing. — The frame to be what is known as a balloon frame, 
 well nailed together, second floor girts to be notched into and well 
 spiked to studs. Do all necessary framing around stairways and 
 chimneys, properly mortised and tenoned together. 
 
 Frame Timber .—Girders, 4x5 inches; sills, 3x7 inches; posts, 4x5 
 inches; girts of yellow pine, 1 1-4x6 inches; plates, 2x4 inches, 
 doubled and well spiked into ends of studding. First floor timbers, 
 2x8 inches; second floor, 2x6 inches — 16 inch centers; header and 
 trimmer beams, 3 inches thick; roof rafters, 2x5 inches — 2 feet cen- 
 ters; door and window studs, 3x4 inches; intermediate studding, 
 2x4 inches — 16 inch centers; studding in partitions, 2x3 inches — 16 
 inch centers. Veranda sills and cross sills, 3x6 inches; floor tim- 
 bers, 2x6 inches — 20 inch centers; plates, 4x5. 
 
 Bridging . — Bridge the floor timbers with 1x2 inch cross-bridging, 
 properly cut in between timbers, and nailed at each end with two rod. 
 nails. 
 
 Furring. — Furr overhead on rafters, etc., for rooms on second 
 floor, and do any other furring required; also furnish any other 
 timber, as required by the design, of the requisite sizes and quality. 
 
 Sheathing . — Cover all sides of frame with tongued and grooved 
 boards, not to exceed 6 inches in width, nailed through each edge to 
 every stud with rod. nails. 
 
 Lumber . — The lumber to be of white pine, unless otherwise speci- 
 fied, free from knots, shakes and other imperfections impairing its 
 durability and strength. 
 
 Water Table to be seven-eighth inch thick, furred off 1 inch, and 
 capped with a beveled and rabbeted cap for clapboards to lap. 
 
 Corner Boards, casings and bands to be one and one-fourth by 6 
 inches; bands to be rabbeted top and bottom for clapboards and bev- 
 eled on top. 
 
 Clapboarding. — Cover all sides with clear pine clapboards, four 
 and one-half inches wide, put on with 8 d. box nails, to have not less 
 than one and one-fourth inches lap, and underlaid with rosin-sized 
 waterproof shcathing-felt, which also place under all casings, water- 
 table, etc., so as to lap and make tight job. 
 
 Cornices to be formed, as shown, on 3x5 inch rafter feet, spiked on 
 
 to rafters at plate; gutter formed on same, and lined with tin, so as 
 to shed water to points indicated on plan; the plancier to be formed 
 by laying narrow pine matched boards face down on ‘.after feet; 
 barge boards 2 inches thick as shown, and all as per detail drawings. 
 
 Window Frames to be made as shown; cellar frames of 2 inch 
 plank rabbeted for sash; sash hinged to top, and to have suitable 
 fasteners to keep open or shut; all other sashes to be double hung 
 with hemp cords and cast iron weights, and to be glazed with best 
 American sheet glass; all sashes one and three-eighths inches thick, 
 of seasoned pine, window sills 2 inches thick. 
 
 Blinds . — Outside blinds to all windows, except cellar, hung in two 
 folds, properly secured and painted two good coats of dark green paint. 
 
 Door Frames . — Outside door frames of plank, rabbeted, and to 
 have 2 inch oak sills. 
 
 Porches to be constructed as shown by the detail drawings; steps 
 one and one-eighth inches thick, seven-eighth-inch risers, to have 
 cove under nosings; lay floors with one and one-eighth by four inch 
 flooring, blind nailed to beams, and to have white lead joints; ceiling 
 ceiled with narrow beaded battens of even width and molded in an- 
 gles. Columns, rails, newels, panels, etc., all as per detail drawings. 
 
 Roofing.— All roofs to be covered with 18 inch sawed pine shin- 
 gles, laid on 1x2 inch strips, nailed to rafters with rod. nails, each 
 shingle to be nailed with two white metal nails, to be well laid, joints 
 properly broken, and made tight. 
 
 Floors . — Lay the floors throughout with seven-eighth inch flooring, not 
 to exceed 6 inches in width; to be well laid, joints broken, and well nailed to 
 every timber, the best to be selected and laid on first floor. 
 
 Partitions. —Set partitions, as marked on plans, to foot on girders, and to 
 have 3x3 inch plates to carry second floor ; all angles to be formed solid ; all 
 partitions to be bridged once in their height. 
 
 Grounds. — Put up all necessary grounds to skreed plaster to, to be seven- 
 eighth inch thick and left on. 
 
 Wainscotings . — Wainscot walls of kitchen and living room 3 feet high, 
 with beaded battens 3 inches wide, and cap with molded and beveled cap. 
 
 Casings in front hall and living room to be cut and stop chamfered, as 
 shown, one and one-fourth by six inches ; all doors and windows elsewhere 
 to be cased before plastering with seven-eighth inch casings, and finish 
 with a seven-eighth by one and three-fourth inch band mold ; put down 
 seven-inch beveled base in front hall and bed-rooms after plastering ; door 
 jambs to be seven-eighth inch thick, and rabbeted for doors and beaded on 
 edges ; windows to be finished with neat stool and apron finish. 
 
 Doors to be made in size as shown ; outside doors to be sash doors, as 
 shown ; all other doors six panel, ogee molded solid. 
 
 Saddles. — Put down neat hard pine saddles to all doors. 
 
 Stairs. — -Cellar stairs to be of plank, no risers ; stairs to second floor as 
 shown, one and one-fourth inch treads, seven-eighth inch risers, properly 
 put together and supported. 
 
 Sink. — Ceil up under sink with narrow beaded battens, to match wain- 
 scoting ; hang door to form closet under ; ceil up splash back 16 inches high ; 
 also place drip board complete. 
 
 Pantry to have counter shelf and four shelves above, also put up one 
 dozen pot hooks. 
 
 Closets to be fitted up with shelves and double wardrobe hooks, 9 inches 
 apart, on neat molded strips. 
 
 Furniture to front door pattern, elsewhere 
 
 plain. 
 
 Locks to all doors to be mortise locks, brass fronts and keys ; outside 
 doors to be secured with suitable shove bolts. 
 
 Stops . — Insert hard wood door stops in base, where requisite. 
 
 Hinging. — Hang all doors with loose joint buffs of appropriate size. 
 
 Mantel to be constructed, as shown, of ash. 
 
 Cellar . — Partitions in cellar to be boarded with match boards; coal bin 
 to be boarded up 4 ft. high, to have slides complete. 
 
 Final . — Also do any other carpenter work as shown by and as required 
 to carry out the design. 
 
 PAINTING. 
 
 All wood-work, both on interior and exterior, unless otherwise specified, 
 to be painted two good coats of best white lead and raw linseed oil paint. 
 Paint clapboards Venetian red ; casings, etc., Indian red, using black for 
 all chamfers and cut work. Grain wood-work in kitchen in oak ; bedrooms 
 paint in one color ; wood-work in hall and living room to be properly filled 
 
 with patent wood filler and finished with one coat of 
 
 in a first-class, workmanlike manner ; chamfers and cut 
 
 work pick out in black ; paint roots dark slate color, tin work Indian red. 
 Also, do any other painter's work as required by the design. 
 
 TINNING AND PLUMBING. 
 
 Tinning. — Line the gutters with tin, well soldered in rosin ; furnish and 
 put up the necessary number of tin leaders to convey the water from gutters 
 to grade level, and there connect with drains. These leaders to be firmly 
 secured to building, and to be graded in size to suit amount of service re- 
 quired. 
 
 Sink to be a 20x30x6 inch, cast iron, supplied with water through five-eighth 
 inch lead pipe and five-eighth inch brass draw-cock, to have 2 inch cast-iron 
 waste, properly caulked at joints, trapped and connected closely to drain. 
 Extend waste pipe above roof for vent. 
 
 t 
 
SPECIFICATIONS 
 
 Of the works and materials reqinred in the erection, construction, and completion of Design 40, Plate 30. 
 
 Dimensions. — The drawings must be accurately followed according to their scale, and preference 
 given to figured dimensions over scale. Detail drawings will be furnished, any work constructed with- 
 out such drawings must be removed if required, and work replaced at contractor’s expense. The 
 building to be in size as^ shown and figured on drawings. Cellar, six feet nine inches ; first floor, 
 nine feet; kitchen, eight feet three inches; second floor, nine feet; over kitchen, eight feet; all in 
 the rear, divided, subdivided, and built in exact accordance with plans and specifications. 
 
 MASON WORK. 
 
 Excavation . — Excavate in depth for the cellar, area, foundations 
 and footings of all the walls and cnimneys, also for all drains, cistern 
 and cess-pools. Dig trenches for footings of all walls 8 inches below 
 level of cellar bottom; fill in around walls as laid; grade the exca- 
 vated earth around the building as may be directed. Lay aside the 
 top soil at commencement, and replace over the graded surface at 
 completion. 
 
 Stone Work . — Build foundation walls of good building stone, of 
 flat bed and firm build, laid in clean, sharp sand, lime and cement 
 mortar, in parts of one of cement and two of lime. Lay down foot- 
 ings under all the walls of the building of flat stones, not less than 
 20 inches long and 6 inches thick, bedded crosswise of the walls on 
 the natural, undisturbed earth; build the walls from thence to grade 
 level, by and full to a line on the inner face, and flush and point at 
 completion. These walls to average 1 foot 6 inches in thickness, 
 the greater breadth at the base. Lay down substantial foundations 
 under chimneys and piers in cellar; put down clear of frost, solid 
 foundations under piers supporting porches and verandas, also under 
 all exterior steps. Area copings and steps to be of blue stone, steps 
 properly walled in on each end. 
 
 Underpinning . — Build the underpinning walls 16 inches thick from 
 grade level, and extend up 2 feet 4 inches in height, with good 
 underpinning stone, level beds, plumb joints; all angles and jambs 
 to have chisel draft on edges, also on top to receive woodwork, and 
 to be properly pointed and penciled with a white joint at completion. 
 Window sills to be of blue stone; such portions of wall as are cov- 
 ered up with veranda to be rough work. 
 
 Cess-Pool.— Stone up cess-pool 3 feet in diameter and 8 feet deep, 
 covered with rough flag provided with manhole, etc., complete; 
 make the necessary connections with the cistern to receive the over- 
 flow through cement pipe of the required size. Also stone up, in like 
 manner, cess-pool to receive wastes from house, and connect with 
 6 inch cement drain pipe. 
 
 Brick Work . — To be laid up with best quality hard-burned brick 
 and clean, sharp sand, lime mortar. 
 
 Piers . — Build piers in cellar 16 inches square, as shown, and cap 
 with flat stone, size of piers; piers supporting porches and verandas 
 12 inches square. 
 
 Chimneys . — Build the chimneys- as shown on plans; carry up the 
 flues of uniform size, to be well plastered, furnished with proper 
 stove collars and ventilating flues where required; turn arches to all 
 fire-places, and turn trimmer arches under all hearths; top out above 
 the roof, as per detail drawings, with selected brick laid in black 
 mortar, close joints, jointed and cleaned down. Face the throat, 
 breast and jambs of kitchen, fire-place of selected brick laid in black 
 mortar provided with slate shelf, to have blue stone hearth as shown 
 on plans. Build fire-place in hall with buff brick, laid in red mortar, 
 angles molded and as per details ; also furnish the necessary brick, 
 mortar and plaster for setting the mantels and range. 
 
 Cistern . — Build a cistern where directed, 10 ft. diameter and 10 ft. 
 deep, with 8 inch walls laid in and smoothly coated on the inside 
 with cement; cover manhole in neck with flag-stone, connect the 
 leaders with 4 and 6 inch vitrified pipe. 
 
 Lathing . — Lath all walls, ceilings, and work that is furred off, 
 throughout first and second floors, with sound, seasoned lath, securely 
 nailed to each stud, and joints, broken every tenth lath. 
 
 Plastering . — All walls and ceilings throughout first and second 
 floors plaster with one good coat of brown, well-haired mortar, and 
 finish with one coat of white hard finish. All angles to be sharp and 
 regular in form, walls to be straight and plumb, and in all cases to 
 extend clear down to floors. 
 
 Cornices . — -Run stucco cornices, as shown by the details, in hall, 
 parlor, library and dining-room of first floor. 
 
 Centers . — Put up four neat and appropriate centers, of such pattern 
 as selected by owner. 
 
 Arches . — Finish and mold the arches in hall as shown by the de- 
 tail drawings. 
 
 Final. — Whitewash walls in laundry, and do all necessary mend- 
 ing of walls after other craftsmen, and deliver the mason work up in 
 thoroughly good order at completion; make the floors broom-clean 
 from time to time as required; also remove all mason’s waste mate- 
 rials and rubbish accumulated during the progress of the works, from 
 
 off the premises, and leave everything in a perfect, complete and sat- 
 isfactory state. 
 
 CARPENTER. 
 
 Ti?nber . — The whole of the timber used in and throughout this 
 building to be the best of their several kinds, well seasoned and free 
 from sap, shakes and other imperfections impairing its durability and 
 strength. 
 
 Frami>ig. — The frame to be what is known as half-balloon, the 
 studs to be tenoned into sills and plates, to be braced with long angle 
 braces cut in barefoot and well spiked. The girts to be of yellow 
 pine, notched into and well spiked to studs. Do all necessary fram- 
 ing around stairways and chimneys, all properly mortised and tenoned 
 together, and all to be done in a thoroughly workmanlike and sub- 
 stantial manner. 
 
 Frame Timber . — Sills and girders, 6x6 inches; posts, 6x6 inches 
 with inside angle cut out to make them 4 inches from faces ; girts, 
 1 1-4x4 inches; plates, 4x5 inches; first floor timbers, 2x10 inches; 
 second floor, 2x8 inches; attic, 2x6 inches — all 16 inch centers; 
 header and trimmer beams, 3 inches thick; all floor timbers under 
 partitions running same way to be 4 inches thick; roof rafters, 2x6 
 inches — 2 foot centers; hip and valley rafters, 3x8 inches. Door and 
 window studs, 3x4 inches; intermediate studding, 2x4 inches — 16 
 inch centers; long braces, 2x4 inches. All main partitions to be set 
 with 2x4 inch studding — 16 inch centers, to be set as the frame is 
 raised, and foot on girders, to have 3x4 inch plates on which to foot 
 second story partitions and carry floor timbers; other partitions set 
 with 2x3 inch studs — 16 inch centers, and all partitions that are 
 directly over each other to be set in like manner to above, all to be 
 well braced and spiked; all angles to be formed solid, and all parti- 
 tions to be bridged once in their height. Porch and veranda sills, 
 4x6 inches; floor timbers, 2x6 inches — 16 inch centers; plates, 4x5 
 inches; rafters, 3x5 inches — 2 foot centers. 
 
 Bridging . — All the floor timbers to be bridged through centers 
 with 2x2 inch cross-bridging, properly cut in between timbers and 
 nailed with two sod. nails at each end; also furnish any other timber 
 of the required size and necessary to fully complete the works. 
 
 Furring. — Properly support and furr under stairs, furr for arches, 
 and do any other furring required by the design. 
 
 Sheathing . — Cover the entire frame with tongued and grooved 
 boards, not to exceed 6 inches in width, nailed through each edge to 
 every stud with \od. nails; this includes all roofs. 
 
 Lumber. — The lumber to be of white pine, unless otherwise speci- 
 fied, well seasoned and dry, and free from shakes, loose knots and 
 other imperfections. Sashes and panel work to be of perfectly clear 
 lumber. 
 
 Clapboarding . — Cover all sides with clear pine clapboards, put on 
 with 8 d. box nails, with not less than 1 1-4 inch lap. These boards to 
 
 be underlaid with brand, rosin-sized, waterproof sheathing felt, 
 
 which also place under cornei boards, casings, etc., so as to lap and 
 make a tight job. 
 
 Corner Boards, casings, and bands, 1 1-4x7 inches; bands to be 
 rabbeted top and bottom for clapboards. 
 
 Water Table.— To be furred off from frame, and to have beveled 
 cap t 1-2 inches thick. 
 
 Cornices.— To be formed on 3x5 inch rafter feet, cut as shown, and 
 spiked on to rafters at plate; the plancier to be formed by laying 
 narrow pine matched boards face down on rafter feet; barge boards 
 and gable staffs to be 2 1-2 inches thick and as shown. Brackets, as 
 shown, and all as per details. Gutters to be of galvanized iron, 
 graded to shed water to points indicated on plan. 
 
 Leaders . — Furnish all the required leaders of sufficient size to con- 
 vey the water from the gutters to the cistern and the tank in attic; 
 said leaders to be firmly secured to building. 
 
 Finial. — To be of wrought iron, as per details, to have galvanized 
 iron cover to base. 
 
 Window Frames. — To be made in the ordinary manner; cellar 
 frames to be made out of 2 inch plank, rabbeted for sash; sash 
 hinged to top and to have suitable fasteners to keep open or shut; all 
 sash to be of seasoned pine, 1 1-2 inches thick, and double hung with 
 best hemp cords, iron weights, and 1 3-4 inch sham axle pulleys, and 
 to be glazed with English sheet glass, all to be well bedded, bradded 
 and puttied; window in dining-room, on to veranda, to be hinged; 
 window sills 2 1-2 inches thick. 
 
Fzkttj. — 7 : hare counter-shelf and fear shelves above: c 7 set for 
 bame o: near. t 7 71 in ai:tt7--f£f n 7 o gut In twc dove-taned 
 drawers. and pur up one doze* pot hocks. 
 
 Fz::zn. — 7: imve table mm c c set under, and fires dove-railed 
 drawers, =7.3 shelves as shorn. 
 
 7 — 7: have ire."-: :r net: ::r:: nud dottle wardrobe 
 
 i :ocr 5 In-one; no-um. on rear melded strips. 
 
 Fmr m it m re . — To font doors to be Tucker bronze; other doors, 
 r - - : r err. : er r : . rr: : - rr . : : e : . . . r _ 
 
 ' Lades . — All doors t hro u gho ut to be sc a rre d with mortise lodes, 
 of leer out make. bras; from. ixis and key; outside c ocr; to have 
 
 7 ;: — r :: rr ober-tigned ds»T i*'pe la base where required. 
 Hiagiag . — Hang aH doers with loose 'joint both, of approfmme 
 =ae. all 1 oor; ov-r - :'~r. a aches nigh to bare three butts each, 
 a . mu r ear; : rar. rr mass rrar •. ar c parent o * : heaves. 
 
 B'.-.—i racsr rear ac have fell connected — fa ketchen, wi m pall 
 ecu., complete. 
 
 7if> aa front fa;:, combined satis lock. and suppned with 
 
 two keys. 
 
 C -r. 7. m and gam : .a* u r. cedau. aa be boarded up wuti marched 
 bear 7 a; known: .rare :a at Tar to i<e batten doors. 
 
 3fjrJe7s. — Consmact raaarel in hall of ash. as per details; furnish 
 and pat ap foar slate —ar tels: all hearths of slate, to have summer 
 fronts. eta., cctaplete. and to cost $icc and be selectee by owner: 
 
 at artels la bedroom on hast door, and two chambers, to be neat 
 
 wotden mar tel a 
 
 Foou.". — Any other work that Is shown ty the drawing’s, and neces- 
 sary ;o fa 7 y complete the work, to inky complete the same to the 
 rrae intent ana meaning of these particulars, rs to be done without 
 extra charge. 
 
 SLATER. 
 
 Caver all roofs with best black slate, of small size, 
 
 lata with a lap of at least 3 Inches of the third over the hrst; each 
 
 slate to be nailed with two galvanized iron nails; lay under slate 
 heavy tarred felt rarer: cover the ridges mob zinc, also fash valleys 
 ana chimneys mlfh heavy zinc, and secure with slater’s cement. To 
 be a fir so-c lass job, and warranted tight for two years. 
 
 PLUMBER. 
 
 IrzK S::.'-r:re. — Famish, and connect with drain, a 4 inch cast-iron 
 sod -pipe, extend up and connect with water-closet in bath-room 
 through 61 b. lead trap: soil-pipe to he properly secured and the joints 
 caulked trght -safe lead, and extend up above roof and cap with ven- 
 tilator. A 7 traps in plum ring to have 1 inch vent pipes of lead ran 
 up to attic ana connected with soil or outlet pipe up above roof. 
 
 7 r rr. r. rr. — Famish a three- quarter arch B lead pipe, connect 
 wff the amic tank, and ran to and connect with boner in kitchen; 
 ta nk to he lined wlm alb. lead, and to have two inch overnow ran 
 through outside wall 
 
 Bader . — To be a 35 -gallon, galvanized iron, of the best construc- 
 7 : a. connected to water back of range through double A lead pipe 
 ana brass couplings: these pipes to be left ready for connection. 
 
 Si mi . — To be 20x30x6 inch cast-iron, galvanized, supplied with 
 hot and cold warer through fire-eighths inch E lead pipe, five-eighths 
 inch brass craw c-orks, to have 2 inch waste, properly trapped and 
 connected. 
 
 Pump . — Par in a combination lift and force pomp, to cost $12; 
 connect the same oh cistern anc we 7 through one and one-quarter 
 inch B lead pipes, provided with step cocks one on each pipe, placed 
 beneath the pump, connect with tank and attic through 1 inch B 
 lead pipe and ran tell -tale hack from tank to sink. 
 
 "77 7 7 — Supply the m; wash rad; m lurry — a :.:: rr f 
 cold water, through five-eighths inch B lead p : pe and brass thimble 
 tray firaw cocks, to have 2 men main waste and one and one-half inch 
 branch wastes, properly trapped and connected. 
 
 Wmshkaasls . — To be of ware, and to have marble coun- 
 
 ter sank tops and -arrases, supplied with hot and cold water through 
 cue-half inch B lead pip>e and compression double ruckle-plated draw- 
 cocks. and plated plug and chair; to have 1 inch lead wastes, proper- 
 ly mapped and connected: lead pans to each with one-half inch lead 
 waste ran down to underside cellar ceiling. 
 
 Wnter-daset to be a best closet, with patent drip tray; 
 
 aisc paten: shut-off cock to regulate Sow of water to bowl; to be set 
 aad fit ap in a perfect, tight and complete manner. 
 
 Both Tab . — To be a 12-oz. sheet-copper tab, well turned and plan- 
 ished. supplied wlm hot and cold water through five -eighths Inch B 
 lead pipe ana ruckle-plated craw-cocks: also to have plated plug and 
 chain: also rather nose shower-bath attachment; waste, one and one- 
 half inch lea fi. properly trapped and connected. 
 
 Cocks. — Pot in the necessary stop-cocks over the boiler to shot the 
 warer on from me upper part of the house: also pat in a lead branch 
 ermened with drain with stop-cock for emptying the boiler: also pat 
 in one draw-cock in cellar and ail other stop and draw-cocks neces- 
 sary to make a complete and first-class job; all pipes to be graded, 
 so that ;f the water 7 shat on they will Grain dry. and the whole of 
 the work to be done In the very best and workmanlike manner, and 
 delivered ap in a complete and ptntct state at completion. 
 
 PAINTER. 
 
 Properly stop and otherwise prepare for aad paint ail wood work 
 that :s customary aad usual to paint, both on the interior and exte- 
 nt-. w: good coats of the best white lead and raw linseed oil paint. 
 
 Paint final invisible green, and gUd the tips with gold leaf. 
 
 Gram the wood work in kitchen and back hail iightoak; grain din- 
 ing-room and library walnut and maple; paint parlor and hail in tints; 
 
 elsewhere paint in one color. 
 
 Ail hard wood to be properly filled with patent filler and 
 
 finished with two coats of properly ap- 
 
 ph.ed and rubbed down smooth: all grained work to be vanished. 
 
 F.i the front doors with filler and finish with two coats of 
 
 and rub down. 
 
 Pa.nt clapboards light dive crab; paint corner board, casings, etc., 
 Indian red: pick oat all chamfers and cut work in black, paint sash 
 Venetian, red: veranda ceilings ultramarine bine, with rafters Indian 
 red: and do any other painting as required by the design, and neces- 
 sary to fully complete the same. 
 
Conn 
 
 
 Estatolislicd. 1877, at Bridgeport, 
 
 FAmSERTPMliSER 4 
 
 ARCHITECTS, 
 
 BETWEEN MADISON AND FIFTH AVENUES, 
 
 SECOND BLOCK WEST OF GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Prepare Designs, Drawings and Specifications for Every Description of Buildings for Erection in any part of the 
 World. Also give special attention to the Remodeling of Existing Structures and the designing of 
 
 FURNITURE, INTERI OR DECORATIO NS AND MONUMENTS. 
 
 Consultations on a. 11 matters pertaining to Building, Drainage, Sanitary Works, 
 
 "Ventilation, Machinery, Valuations, Etc., Etc. 
 
 We render Special Services in the designing of Public Works, as Churches, Schools, Court Houses, 
 State, County and City Buildings. We can refer to many such erected all over the United States and 
 Canadas ; several by the Brazilian Government. 
 
 Upwards of Two Thousand public and private buildings erected in all parts of the Western World 
 from Special Plans, etc., to meet the requirements of each case. 
 
 If any one wishes to employ us, we shall be pleased to hear from them, and 
 will undertake to serve them in the best, most careful and faithful manner; 
 but it is usually expected that inquiries will be accompanied with stamp for 
 reply. During the past two or three years we answered at considerable cost in 
 time, postage, etc., several thousand letters of inquiry from people everywhere, 
 who omitted to inclose stamp; and, in a great many instances, these inquiries 
 were of little account. We have no desire to he troubled for nothing; though, 
 as a matter of courtesy, we answer all letters promptly, and shall continue to 
 do so. 
 
 It matters not whether our clients reside in the States of Connecticut, Mas- 
 sachusetts or New York, near to us or 3,000 miles away — Distance is no Ob- 
 stacle — we can serve them equally as well, as upwards of two thousand of our 
 clients residing in every State and Territory in the Union, Canada, Nova Sco- 
 tia and the Brazils can testify; and wherever our designs are carried out clients 
 are pleased, press and public extol on the art and conveniences, being the won- 
 der and admiration of everyone; and builders everywhere are unanimous in 
 their statements that they are the best that they were ever engaged to execute, 
 and that the drawings, specifications and all the instruments of service are ren- 
 dered in the most thorough, complete and practical manner for them to work 
 from, and to enable them to put the work together without the slightest error; 
 and every one may certainly rest assured that we shall not, at this stage of our 
 practice, do a service in any manner that will not give the fullest satisfaction. 
 Our study is faithful service for our clients’ best interests. 
 
 “ Palliser, Palliser & Co. came to this country some few years ago, 
 and were the first to introduce this modern taste into our domestic architecture, 
 striking at everything in the shape of ugliness and putting forth instead sound 
 and economical construction combined with good taste in design. They are 
 gentlemen who have had a thorough practical training, are able mechanics and 
 constructors, and their artistic ability is seen in everything that comes from 
 their hands; in fact, there is nothing that can compare with it. They have 
 earned a national reputation.” — American Builder. 
 
 “Their beautiful designs mark them as public benefactors, for any man is 
 such who adds to the comfort and beauty of the homes of the nation.” — Chicago 
 Inter- Ocean. 
 
 “ In their work they combine consummate art with' economy and agree- 
 ment of estimate with cost.” — The South. 
 
 “ These gentlemen are evidently thoroughly practical and accomplished 
 architects, with the comparatively rare gift of common sense.” — Iron Age. 
 
 “ Their designs, even for the cheapest dwellings, are tasteful, picturesque 
 and elegant.” — Scientific American. 
 
 “Palliser, Palliser& Co. have been successful in many important com- 
 petitions for every description of public buildings in which they were inviied 
 
 to take part, both in this country and Canada. Among the most recent may 
 be mentioned the Escambia County Court House at Pensacola, Florida, being 
 limited and paid, and the great School House competition open to the whole 
 country and instituted by the Board of Education of Cleveland, Ohio, with a 
 view to providing healthier and more convenient school houses for their pro- 
 gressive and beautiful city; a premium of $500 being offered in addition to the 
 work of making full plans, details and specifications at regular architect’s 
 charges. Twenty-four architects competed under motto, the palm being car- 
 ried off by Palliser, Palliser & Co. 
 
 “ Later, at Elizabeth, N. J., the School Board advertised for designs for 
 Model School House, to accommodate 600 scholars, and also to provide large 
 Assembly Room in which to bring the school together, and the entire cost not 
 to exceed $20,000, offering a prize of $150, and the work of making full work- 
 ing plans and superintending the erection of the building at a per cent, on cost 
 of same to the author of the best design. Seventeen architects sent in designs, 
 the one by the Messrs. Palliser being adjudged the best and most practical. 
 
 “There is probably no architect, or firm of architects, in this country, who 
 have taken part successfully in so large a number of architectural competitions 
 as Palliser, Palliser & Co., of this city, whose latest success has been 
 achieved in British Columbia, in presenting the best design for Prison build- 
 ings, to be erected by that government, and thus securing the first prize of $500 
 over all local and foreign competitors. They also recently won the great Court 
 House competition for Knox County, Tennessee, competing with all the lead- 
 ing Southern architects.” — Daily Paper. 
 
 Their success in business may be attributed to the fact that they are thor- 
 oughly trained and practical architects, and design thefinest buildings and have 
 them erected at the least cost, scrupulously saving every possible dollar. 
 
 Thousands of houses have beeu built from Palliser, Palliser & Co.’s 
 popular books of cottage plans, details and specifications. In fact there is not 
 a city, town or village of consequence in the country but what contains from 
 two to twenty buildings so erected. 
 
 Aiken; S. C. f March 28, ’88. 
 Messrs. Pailiser, Palliser & Co. 
 
 Gentlemen:— The plans were received safely and 
 both Mr. Croft and myself were much pleased with 
 them. They are entirely to our satisfaction. 
 
 Very respectfulSy, Mrs. Geo. Croft. 
 
 The above is a sample of letters we receive daily from people eyerywhere 
 that we furnish with specially prepared plans, etc., to meet all their wants and 
 requirements. 
 
 PALLISER, PALLISER & CO., Architects, 24 East 42d St., New York, are prepared to receive a limited 
 number of suitable young men as students in Practical Architecture. Send Stamp for full particulars. 
 
 Address all communications plainly to PALLISER, PALLISER & CO., and to address given above. 
 
 (93.) 
 
AGREEMENT FOR BUILDING. 
 
 LfCopyright the property of Paeliser, Palliser & Co., New York.] 
 
 In some States, according to law, it is important that within forty-eight hours after a Contract is made for building, it is put on file or 
 record at the Town Clerk’s Office by the party of the second part, for his proper and legal protection. Several cases might be quoted where 
 Proprietors had to pay money twice over, to the amount of several hundred dollars, on account of omission to put on record the contract. 
 
 ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT, made and entered into this 
 
 day of in the year One 
 
 Thousand, Eight Hundred and 
 
 By and Between of the 
 
 of County of and 
 
 State of as the part of the first part, 
 
 hereinafter called the Contractor : 
 
 And .of the of 
 
 County of and State of as the part. . 
 
 of the second part, hereinafter called the Proprietor: 
 
 Witnesseth, First. — T he said part of the first part do. . 
 
 hereby, for heirs, executors, administrators or 
 
 assigns, covenant, promise and agree to with the said part.. 
 
 of the second part, heirs, executors, administrators, 
 
 or assigns, that the said part of the first part, 
 
 heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, shall and 
 
 will, for the consideration hereinafter mentioned, on or before the 
 
 day of , in the year One Thousand, Eight 
 
 Hundred and well and sufficiently erect, finish and 
 
 deliver in a true, perfect and thoroughly workmanlike manner, the 
 
 work required in the erection and completion of 
 
 for the part of the second part, on ground 
 
 situated in the of 
 
 County of ..and State of , agreeably 
 
 to the Plans, Drawings and Specifications prepared for the said works 
 
 by Architect , to the satisfaction and under 
 
 the direction and personal supervision of 
 
 Architect , and will find and provide such good, proper and suffi- 
 cient materials, of all kinds whatsoever, as shall be proper and suffi- 
 cient for the completing and finishing all the 
 
 and other works of said building mentioned in the .. 
 
 Specifications, and signed by the said parties, within the 
 
 time aforesaid, for the sum of Dollars. 
 
 Second. — T he said part of the second part do 
 
 hereby for heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, 
 
 covenant, promise and agree to and with the said part 
 
 of the first part, heirs, executors, administrators, or as- 
 signs, that the said part of the second part 
 
 heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, will and 
 
 shall, in consideration of the covenants and agreements being strictly 
 
 executed, kept and performed by the said part of the 
 
 first part, as specified, will well and truly pay, or cause to be paid, 
 
 unto the part of the first part, or unto heirs, 
 
 executors, administrators, or assigns, the sum of 
 
 Dollars, lawful money of the United States of America, in manner 
 following: 
 
 First payment of $ 
 
 Second payment of $ 
 
 Third payment of $ 
 
 Fourth payment of $ 
 
 Fifth payment of $ 
 
 Sixth payment of $ 
 
 when the building is all complete, and after the expiration 
 
 of days, and when all the Drawings and Specifications 
 
 have been returned to Architect . 
 
 Provided, That in each case of the said payments, a certificate 
 
 shall be obtained from and signed by Architect 
 
 to the effect that the work is done in strict accordance with Drawings 
 and Specifications, and that he. considers the pay- 
 
 ment properly due; said certificate, however, in no way lessening the 
 total and final responsibility of the Contractor ; neither shall it 
 exempt the Contractor from liability to replace work, if it be after- 
 wards discovered to have been done ill, or not according to the 
 Drawings and Specifications, either in execution or materials: and 
 Provided further , that in each case a certificate shall be obtained by 
 the Contractor , from the clerk of the office where liens are recorded, 
 and signed and sealed by said clerk, that he has carefully examined 
 the records and finds no liens or claims recorded against said works, 
 or on account of the said Contractor ; neither shall there be any 
 legal or lawful claims against the Contractor , in any manner, from 
 any source whatever, for work or materials furnished on said works. 
 And it is hereby further agreed , by and between the said parties : 
 
 First. — T hat the Specifications and Drawings are intended to co- 
 operate, so that any works exhibited in the Drawings, and not men- 
 tioned in the Specifications, or vice versa , are to be executed the same 
 as if mentioned in the Specifications and set forth in the Drawings, 
 to the true intent and meaning of the said Drawings and Specifi- 
 cations. 
 
 Second. — T he Contractor , at his own proper cost 
 
 and charges, is to provide all manner of labor, ma- 
 
 terials, apparatus, scaffolding, utensils and cartage of every descrip- 
 tion, needful for the due performance of the several works; must 
 produce, whenever required by Superintendent or Proprietor , all 
 vouchers showing the quality of goods and materials used; and 
 render all due and sufficient facilities to the Architect , Superinten- 
 dent or Clerk of Works, for the ‘proper inspection of the works 
 and materials, and which are to be under their control; and they 
 may require the Contractor to dismiss any workman or workmen 
 who they may think incompetent or improper to be employed; the 
 workmen and Contractor being only admitted to the ground, for the 
 purpose of the proper execution of the works, and have no tenancy. 
 The Contractor shall deliver up the works to the Proprietor in 
 perfect repair, clean and in good condition, when complete. The 
 Contractor shall not sub-let the works, or any part thereof, without 
 consent in writing of the Proprietor. 
 
 Third. — S hould the Proprietor , at any time during the progress 
 of the said works, require any alterations of, deviations from, addi- 
 tions to, or omissions in the said Contract, Specifications or Plans, 
 
 he shall have the right and power to make such change 
 
 or changes, and the same shall in no way injuriously affect or make 
 void the Contract; but the difference for work omitted shall be de- 
 ducted from the amount of the Contract, by a fair and reasonable 
 valuation ; and for additional work required in alterations, the 
 amount based upon same prices at which contract is taken shall be 
 agreed upon before commencing additions, as provided, and herein- 
 after set forth in Article No. 6; and such agreement shall state also 
 the extension of time (if any) which is to be granted by reason there- 
 of. 
 
 Fourth. — S hould the Contractor at any time during the pro- 
 gress of said works, become bankrupt, refuse or neglect to supply a 
 sufficiency of material or of workmen, or cause any unreasonable 
 neglect or suspension of work, or fail or refuse to follow the Draw- 
 ings and Specifications, or comply with any of the Articles of Agree- 
 ment, the Proprietor or his Agent, shall have the 
 
 right and power to enter upon and take possession of the premises, 
 and may at once terminate the Contract, whereupon all claim of the 
 
 Contractor , his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall 
 
 cease; and the Proprietor may provide materials and workmen suf- 
 ficient to complete the said works, after giving forty-eight hours’ 
 notice, in writing, directed and delivered to the Contractor , or at 
 
 his .residence or place of business; and the expense of 
 
 the notice and the completing of the various works, will be deducted 
 from the amount of the Contract, or any part of it due, or to become 
 due, to the Contractor ; and in such case no scaffolding or fixed 
 tackle of any kind, belonging to such Contractor , shall be removed, 
 so long as the same is wanted for the work . But if any balance 
 
95 
 
 on the amount of this Contract remains after completion in respect of 
 work done during the time of the defaulting Contractor , the same 
 
 shall belong to the persons legally representing him 
 
 but the Proprietor shall not be liable or accountable to them in any 
 
 way for the manner in which he may have gotten 
 
 the work completed. 
 
 Fifth. — Should any dispute arise respecting the true construction 
 or meaning of the Drawings or Specifications, or as to what is extra 
 
 work outside of Contract, the same shall be decided by 
 
 Architect , and his decision shall be final and con- 
 clusive; or in the event of his death or unwillingness 
 
 to act, then of some other known capable Architect, or a Fellow of 
 the American Institute of Architects, to be appointed by the Pro- 
 prietor ; but should any dispute arise respecting the true value of 
 
 any works omitted by the Contractor , the same 
 
 shall be valued by two competent persons, one employed by the Pro- 
 prietor , and the other by the Contractor , and these two shall 
 have power to name an umpire, whose decision shall be binding on 
 all parties. 
 
 Sixth. — No new work of any description done on the premises, or 
 any work of any kind whatsoever, shall be considered as extra unless 
 a separate estimate in writing for the same, before its commence- 
 ment, shall have been submitted by the Contractor to the Superin- 
 tendent and the Proprietor , and their signatures obtained thereto, 
 and the Contractor shall demand payment for such work imme- 
 diately it is done. In case of day’s work, statement of the same 
 must be delivered to the Proprietor at latest during the week fol- 
 lowing that in which the work may have been done, and only such 
 day’s work and extra work will be paid for as such as agreed on 
 and authorized in writing. 
 
 Seventh. — The Proprietor will not, in any manner, be answerable 
 or accountable for any loss or damage that shall or may happen to 
 the said works, or any part or parts thereof respectively or for any of 
 the materials or other things used and employed in finishing and com- 
 pleting the said works; or for injury to any person or persons, either 
 workmen or the public, or for damage to adjoining property, from 
 any cause which might have been prevented by the Contractor or 
 
 his workmen, or any one employed by him 
 
 against all which injuries and damages to persons and property, the 
 
 Contractor having control over such work must properly guard 
 against, and must make good all damage from whatever cause, being 
 strictly responsible for the same. Where there are different Con- 
 tractors employed on the works, each shall be responsible to the other 
 for all damage to work, to persons or property, or for loss caused by 
 neglect, by failure to finish work at proper time and preventing each 
 portion of the works being finished by the several Contractors at 
 date named in this Contract for completion, or from any other cause, 
 and any Contractor suffering damage shall call the attention of the 
 Proprietor or Superintendent to the same, for action as laid down 
 in Article No. 4. 
 
 Eighth. — The Contractor will insure the building to cover his 
 
 interest in the same from time to time, as required; 
 
 and for any loss of the Contractor by fire the owner will not, under 
 any circumstances, be answerable or accountable; but the Proprietor 
 
 shall protect himself by insurance to cover his 
 
 interest when payments have been made to Con- 
 tractor . 
 
 Ninth. — All work and materials, as delivered on the premises to 
 form part of the works, are to be considered the property of the 
 
 Proprietor , and are not to be removed without his 
 
 consent; but the Contractor shall have the right to remove all sur- 
 plus materials after his completing the works. 
 
 Tenth. — Should the Contractor fail to finish the work at or be- 
 fore the time agreed upon, shall pay to or allow 
 
 the Proprietor , by way of liquidated damages, the sum of 
 
 dollars per diem, for each and every day thereafter the said works 
 remain incomplete. 
 
 Eleventh. — 
 
 In Witness Whereof, the said parties to these presents have here- 
 unto set their hands and seals the day and year above written. 
 
 Signed and Sealed in the presence of 
 
 Witnesses. \ d art of the \ seal. 
 
 f First part, f seal. 
 
 Witnesses. Part of the\ seal. 
 
 f Second Part. (_ seal. 
 
 Be sure and have a right Contract before going ahead, as by so doing you may save an endless amount of trouble and, it may be, some money. A 
 poor contract has often cost $500 to $1,000. 
 
 PALLISER BUILDING CONTRACT FORMS, with Bond, price 5 cents each, 40 cents per dozen. They are indorsed by Architects, Builders 
 and Lawyers throughout the United States and Canada, 
 
 PALLISER’S USEFUL DETAILS 
 
 (RECENTLY PUBLISHED) 
 
 An Entirely New, Original and Practical Work — See Full Description and List of Contents on 
 
 Pages 98 and 99 of this Work, 
 
 Is readily bought and greatly appreciated by all practical workmen and every one in want of ideas on design 
 and construction of every description of Modern Architectural Detail. 
 
 Igp® We will send it to any address, securely packed and postage paid, on receipt of $2.00, which is only 
 five cents for each plate, 20x26 inches in size. All building mechanics, etc., who know this will, we are certain, 
 immediately send for the work, as they all want it, and they know full well that he who exhibits the most knowl- 
 edge and skill has the best work to do and the best prices for doing it. 
 
 The leading Architectural Journal in America says about “ Useful 
 Details ” : — 
 
 “ We have often wondered that some American publishers did not 
 undertake to produce such a book, for it has been evident that a large 
 sale could be found for a work showing American constructive details 
 of a good character ; but at length has appeared just the work, and 
 which has about it the indications of a useful and successful 
 undertaking —Useful to those who subscribe for it and successful 
 as a business venture for the author publishers. Grouped upon 
 single folio sheets are a multitude of details, well arranged and pro- 
 perly co-ordinated, of such constructive features as must be wrought 
 into the small houses, stables, shops, etc., in whose construction 
 nine-tenths of the mechanics and a large proportion of the Architects 
 of this country find occupation. ‘ Useful ’ Details they are pro- 
 perly called. 
 
 “When one sees the prodigality with which the authors have made 
 public their ideas, one can but smile afresh at the remark of an 
 English Architect, ‘ D’ye know, I wouldn’t be doing that, ye know. 
 When I got an idea I wouldn’t be giving it to the other fellows. I’d 
 
 be keeping it for my own work, ye know ’ ” — From the American 
 Architect and Building IVews. 
 
 B. F. Carpenter, a Builder at Glenville, Ohio, writes, “I have your 
 Useful Detads and think thev ought to be in the hands of every 
 Builder and Mechanic in the country. I would not take for mine 
 five times what it cost if I could not get another.” 
 
 Messrs. Fuller & Wheeler, Contractors and Builders; Lansing, 
 Mich., say : “We have used several of the Useful Details and the 
 work always looks fine and tasteful. Every Builder and Mechanic 
 should have them.” 
 
 All who get a copy say the same as above, and are generally sorry 
 they did not have it a few weeks before when they had use for it 
 on such and such work. 
 
 We could print, had we the space, thousands of the most flattering 
 letters received from people everywhere who have procured Useful 
 Details the past few months; in fact words will not express their 
 great satisfaction at the reasonable price for such an immense work. 
 Many say oftentimes one design or one idea is worth the price to 
 them. 
 
 Every Architect, Carpenter, Builder, Woodworker, Stair-Builder, Sash, Blind and Door Maker, Cabinet 
 Maker, Mason and Plasterer, should get a copy of this valuable work. 
 
 Ideas are just as necessary to the mechanic as his tools. This book contains nearly eleven hundred valu- 
 able ideas. 
 
A NEW AND IMPORTANT WORK 
 
 JUST ISSUED. 
 
 PALLISER’S NEW COTTAGE HOMES. 
 
 . . . . . l . . • » » « • ♦ « » »' . : . v 
 
 WITH DETAIL DRAWINGS. 
 
 The Best, the Largest, the Finest, Most Practical and Complete Work ever issued on Plans of 
 
 Medium and Low Cost Houses, 
 
 = ~ . ^ - v CON TAI NIN G -— ~ ~ ~ 
 
 One Hundred and Sixty New and Original Designs for Cottages and Villas, 
 
 Including everjr description of Modern Dwelling for the Seaside, the South, Winter and Summer Resorts, etc.. Double Houses, 
 Country Houses, Farm Houses, and City. Suburban, Village and Town Residences of every kind and variety in every 
 conceivable combination of stone, brick, timber, plaster and frame, costing from $75 to $7,500, giving all the 
 comforts and conveniences, and suited to everjr taste, location, want, etc. 
 
 ALSO FIFTY NEW DESIGNS FOR CITY BRICK BLOCK HOUSES. 
 
 The whole affording the largest field of selection from the most approved and latest prevailing styles of domestic architecture. 
 ~ - ^ILLUSTRATED BY^^= 
 
 PLANS, ELEVATIONS AND PERSPECTIVE VIEWS 
 
 Worn practical working drawings to a uniform scale, and not like the impractical sketch views which fill so many cheap Architec- 
 tural books that are in reality issued only as catalogues and price lists of printed plans. 
 
 1,500 DETAIL DRAWINGS, 
 
 Covering the whole range of interior finishing and exterior construction and ornamentation of the plans in this work, and all to a 
 
 uniform large scale. 
 
 Cabinetwork of every description, Mantels, Sideboards, Book Cases, Cabinets, Dressers, etc., etc., in almost endless numbers and 
 
 variety. 
 
 Stairs, Hand. Railings, Newels, and Balusters. 
 
 Details will be found to cover every question that can arise in constructing dwellings of every kind. 
 
 FENCES, SUMMER HOUSES, PAVILIONS, CONSERVATORIES, ARBORS, WELL CURBS, OUTBUILDINGS, Etc, Etc. 
 
 TWELVE NEW DESIGNS FOR STABLES & CARRIAGE HOUSES. 
 
 Descriptive Letter Press, giving practical suggestions, cost, etc,, which would alone fill an 
 
 ordinary book of 1 50 pages. 
 
 Details of Furniture of every description, so plain that any good mechanic can understand and 
 
 execute the same. 
 
 Perspective Views of Four houses printed in colors, showing howto paint. 
 
 Specifications and Form of Building Contract, Etc., Etc. 
 
 One large (11x14 inches) volume, printed on heavy cream plate paper, handsomely hound in boards and leather, price FOTJ R 
 DOLLARS. Sent securely packed in box, by express, prepaid, to any address, on receipt of price. 
 
 To all Builders and people who design erecting buildings, or making improvements of any kind, this book is worth many times 
 its cost. Any one renting a house or about to purchase should study this book and see what perfect houses are like. 
 
 Remit by bank cashier’s draft on New York or Chicago, or by post office 
 or express money order, or in registered letter. Never send money in letter 
 without registering. When registered it is perfectly safe, as your postmaster 
 ■will give receipt, and will also secure and give you receipt signed by us, 
 showing that we received it just the same as if you brought it to us and took a 
 receipt yourself. Full list of hooks on Architecture, Building, Carpentry, 
 Drawing, Painting, Decoration, Plumbing, etc., mailed free on application. 
 
 Please call the attention of builders, mechanics and people intending to 
 build, and others to this. 
 
 If you wili be good enough to send us names of any builders and bund- 
 ing mechanics, or people intending to build, we shall be much obliged, and 
 so will the persons whose names you send us. 
 

 
 4 
 
 (Reduced from half plate of large Scale Exterior Details in Palliser’s New Cottage Homes.) 
 
 ome§ 
 
 
 (Reduction of large 
 
 The value of this work to Builders cannot be estimated, as it contains 
 Plans and Details for just such houses as they are called on to build 
 every day in the week. There is not a Contractor and Builder the 
 country who can afford to neglect this book. Building Me- 
 chanics Should all possess it. No matter what kind of a job they 
 are called on to do, here are the ideas to help them out. Ideas are as 
 necessary as tools, and this work contains thousands of practical ideas. 
 
 It is the educated Mechanic who goes to the front every time. 
 
 □ QQ 
 D|S 
 DND 
 
 □ io 
 
 □ If O 
 
 □ □□ 
 
 Miniature Elevations and Views of a few of the Designs which are 
 fully illustrated by Plans, Elevations, Perspective Views, Details, 
 
 Etc., in PALLISER’S NEW COTTAGE HOMES. 
 
 Remember that Palliser’s New Cottage Homes is uot a catalogue 
 of plans, neither does it contain old illustrations used in any other work. It 
 
 is a complete Library of Modern Architectural Plans and 
 Details, all of new and original design. 
 
 Those contemplating the erection of a house cannot afford to be without this 
 book, and who does not intend building some time in their life? Hundreds of 
 thousands of our popular books of plans, details and specifications have been sent 
 to all parts the past ten years, and thousands of houses have been built from them ; 
 in fact, there is not a city, town or village of consequence in the United States but 
 what contains one or more buildings so erected, and some places have as many as twenty. 
 
 We are glad to note that customers have ordered book after book from us, and 
 that many have six or eight of our publications, all of a 1’ich goes to show that our 
 efforts are appreciated. 
 
 5ggr Do not fail to send for Palliser’s N&w Cottage Homes. Se 
 curely packed in a box and sent by express to any address prepaid on receipt of 
 
 $4.00. 
 
 REDUCED TOOK LASGS 8CALS DETAIL DRAWINGS IN PALLISER’S NEW COTTAGE HOMES. 
 
 J. S. OG1LVIE PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 p. o. Box, 2767. 57 Rose Street, New York, 
 
PALLISE R’S USEFUL DETAILS, 
 
 AN IMMENSE PRACTICAL WORK ON EYER Y DESCRIP TION OP MODERN ARCHITECTURAL RETAIL. 
 
 FORTY PLATES, size of each 20x26 inches. 
 
 The cost of Drawing each Plate for Engraving is $35, and the Price for the whole Forty 
 
 Plates published is put at the nominal sum of $2. 
 
 A few specimens of exterior details from these Plates are given below, reduced to one-sixth the size as given on Plates. 
 
 ^ ^ 350211 . ^- ac h Plate is engraved and printed on 
 
 tinted plate paper, so as not to soil by hand- 
 ling, and is a fac-simile of original Drawing 
 without reduction, therefore just the same 
 as if drawn by hand for placing in the hands 
 of the mechanic for execution. They are 
 given at a very large scale, none being 
 smaller than ^ inch to foot, and many lar- 
 ger and up to half full size ; in fact, they are 
 so plain that every mechanic and apprentice 
 can readily understand them. That they are 
 practical designs is evident, all the drawings 
 having been built from, many of them du- 
 plicated several times over, and the thou- 
 sands of letters received from mechanics 
 the past two years have convinced the au- 
 thors that this is the work they need. 
 
 PALLISER’S 7SEFUL DETAILS are published tor 
 the benefit of the builder, mechanic, and all 
 people interested in the Building Arts. They 
 embrace a variety of constructional Draw- 
 ings for all classes of work — exterior and 
 interior — pertaining to the erection of build- 
 ings of every description, and such as never 
 before published. The designs shown are 
 a free adaptation of the so-called Queen 
 Anne and all other new and popular styles. 
 
 Each plate is worth ten times the price 
 charged for the whole to any one requiring 
 any ideas for the new, artistic, and useful, be 
 it ever so little. If you wish to build a fence, 
 a door, a mantel-piece, book-case, or any 
 special features for outside or inside work, 
 as gable finish, a porch, veranda, cornices, bay-window, or to finish up a dining-room or hall in any special style or manner, here are the ideas which will give 
 the key to enable you to work out your problems ; and. furtnermore, it has been the aim of the author to fully prove to the mechanic that these new styles of 
 exterior and interior construction and ornamentation, when properly understood, are no more expensive or difficult to execute than the ordinary jig-sawed, gin- 
 ger-bread, box-like work that have had their day ; to prove to the masses that the false ideas of ornamentation without constructional qualifications are as vulgar 
 to the true mechanic as brass compared with gold to the goldsmith ; to help those who are seeking to help themselves, and to promote a higher artistic feeling 
 in connection with the every-day work of the mechanic, and to do the same without any more cost than if the old rates were followed. 
 
 Among the details given are for brick and stone work, water-tables, sills, belt courses, steps, window and door openings, cornices, chimneys, panels and 
 other miscellaneous brick and stone work, including terra-cotta work of a large variety. 
 
 For exterior wood work ; framing, giving plans, elevations or sections of same ; water-tables, belts, gables, brackets, balconies, verandas, porches, door and 
 window frames ; towers, cupolas, ventilators, roofs, store fronts, steps and buttresses ; balustrades for all kinds of balcony and veranda finish ; wood fences in 
 such style and variety never before dreamt of, but all very practical*and elegant in their simplicity ; barge boards, rafter feet and cornice in endless variety ; 
 overhanging projections, combinations of brick, stone and wood finish ; dormer windows of different styles and finish, adapted to modern work ; crestings, 
 finials, front and outside doors, conservatories, plant cabinets, drive porches, finish for barns, out-houses, well-houses, summer-houses, grape arbor and other 
 detail, too numerous to mention. For interior work will be found different styles of finish for every part, and which includes doors of almost every kind and finish ; 
 window finish, casings and architraves, , 
 
 base boards, chair boards, wainscoting, JO - —— — - ■<? 4 E - tL KfT 
 
 sideboards, side tables, hall stands, ' ’’ “ ° -*'■ ■ p 
 
 book-cases, tables, chairs, benches, 
 pews and seats for churches ; stands, 
 drawers, wardrobes —all easy practical 
 designs, such as the master mechanic 
 can readily execute. Staircases, newels, 
 rails, balusters, mantel-pieces, picture 
 molding, wood and plastercornices, cen- 
 terpieces, brackets, beam and arch finish, 
 wooden ceilings, wood finish for side 
 walls, inlaid floors, bank counters, desks' 
 and office fittings ; grocery, dry goods 
 and drug store fittings. Also, a new, 
 full and comprehensive method of 
 
 Slair Building and Hand Hailing, 
 
 prepared expressly for this work. The 
 easiest and simplest yet devised, having 
 few lines and complications, hence can 
 be readily understood. Every one of 
 these stair problems is drawn to a scale 
 of i '/t inches to the foot, and are such 
 as the carpenter has to encounter in his 
 every-day work, hence their useful- 
 ness. 
 
 Above are given a few examples, reduced to one-fourth the size, as given on Plates of interior details. 
 
 Pal User's Useful Details is the first work of its kind ever published in this country and meets a real demand never before supplied. It is to the 
 intelligent mechanic what the encyclopaedia is to the student and journalist. Every Builder and Mechanic should possess it. 
 
 Palliser s Useful Details is the best work of its kind ever issued, and at one-quarter the price of any previous attempt, and also contains twice as 
 much material. 
 
 The ideas or designs need not be used as a whole. The parts being complete in themselves, they can be combined so as to produce different results. No 
 matter what kind of a job you are called on to do, here are the ideas to help you out. 
 
 Mechanics, as a rule, say they cannot afford to be without this Book of Drawings, rather than they cannot afford to buy it, and all wish they had got it sooner. 
 
 When you look at the contents in detail, you will be surprised that so much can be given at so low a price. Only $3,00 for these 40plat.es — only 5 cults 
 which furnish the mechanic nearly eleven hundred ideas, and practical ideas that you want every day. 
 
PMkkISSffi 
 
 An Immense Work. 
 
 New Edition in Paper Portfolio, size 14 x 22 inches. Price, postpaid, only $2.00. Now Ready. 
 Address J. S. OGILVIE, 57 ROSE STREET, NEW YORK. 
 
 - 
 
 Plate 1 — Ground floor plan of gate, lodge and entrance gates. Second floor 
 plan of lodge. Elevations of wrought-iron entrance gates, stone posts 
 and fence walls. 3 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 2 — 17 gates, fences and posts in wood. 34 Drawings. 
 
 Piate 3 — 21 inside doors with casings on each. 
 
 Plate 4 — 12 wood mantels, with sections and plans. 30 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 5 — 8 book-cases, elevations and sections. Writing-desk and book- 
 case. Hanging shelf, 2 hanging book-cases. 7 full-size sections of shelf 
 edges. 22 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 6 — 10 gables, hood in gable, with brackets, cresting, etc. 21 Draw- 
 ings. 
 
 Plate 7 — Plan of large dry goods store, showing position of shelving, 
 counters, etc. Elevations and sections of store shelving, counter, office 
 front and desks, cutting table, store tables. Elevation in detail of store 
 fronts. | lull-size two-angle sash bars. 15 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 8 — Two Jacobean Gables, one with oriel bay window, and one with 
 chimney outside. 7 Drawings. 
 
 Plate V — 2 front porches, 5 verandas, 2 window or door hoods, step but- 
 tress, 2 veranda rails. 18 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 10 — 9 gables, 4 brackets, 2 barge ends, 1 cornice. 1G Drawings. 
 
 Plate 11 — 7 sideboards, elevations, plans and sections. 1 side table. 19 
 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 12 — 6 gables, 1 ridge crest, 2 cornices, 2 brackets, 1 barge foot. 
 18 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 13 — Back porch and entrance door. Brick and stone recessed 
 porch and front doors. Front and end view of veranda, and section of 
 cornice and roof. Recessed balcony over front door. Balcony ceiling. 
 Stone steps, buttress and section. Porch roof section. 11 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 14— 7 gables and barge finish. 2 gables, with balcony in same. 
 Ventilator gable. Dormer gable. 17 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 15 — 12 gabFs and barge board finish. 6 gable and cornice brackets. 
 4 eave cornices. 32 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 16 — 5 verandas and porch finish. Balcony over brick projection. 
 Hanging balcony hood. Second story balcony. 15 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 17—2 porches, dormer, 4 hoods, veranda newel, step buttress, 15 
 veranda brackets. 29 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 18 — 3 gables, timber and brick work, and cornice. 8 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 19 — Finish for 14 staircases. Plan of staircase with hall settee. 
 Motto in art g'lass. Wood beam finish, etc. 17 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 20 — Finish for 11 gables with brackets, and sections. 24 Draw- 
 ings. 
 
 Plate 21 — 13 wood mantel-pieces, sections, plans, elevations. 32 Draw- 
 ings. 
 
 Plate 22 — 8 sideboards. Sideboard and book-case combined, plans, 
 sections, elevations, etc. 22 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 23 — 2 ridge crests. 7 gables. Staircase dormer. 2 balcony hoods. 
 Roof ventilator. 21 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 24 — 8 wood mantels, elevations, plans and sections. 24 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 25 — 15 figures hand-railing problems, with instructions for work- 
 ing. 
 
 Plate 26 — 5 figures hand-railing problems, with instructions for working. 
 
 Plate 27 — Plan of bank, showing location of counters, desk, vault, stairs, 
 and lavatory. Elevations and sections of bank counters. Elevation 
 of partition across bank. Elevation, section and plan of counter for bank 
 and insurance office. 2 side wall desks. Wainscot and door casing, with 
 sections. 3 wainscot caps. 22 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 28 — Elevation and section of brick and stone bank front, with plan 
 of front. 7 brick cornices and sections. 16 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 29 — Cellar window and section. Attic casement. 3 bay windows 
 and sections of jambs, cornices, transom, and sills. 2 sections of water 
 tables. Belt course. Window frame for brick. Door frame to brick wall. 
 Elevations of casement window, and 2 dormer windows, with sections. 
 29 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 30 — 13 plaster cornices, £ full size. 5 arch and angle molds, 4 full 
 size. 5 panel molds, | full size. 7 center-pieces, suitable for either wood 
 or plaster. 11 brackets. 2 niches. 2 belt courses, with sections. 65 Draw- 
 ings. 
 
 Plate 31—7 iron finials and crests. 5 terra-cotta finials and ridge crests. 
 6 wood finials. 5 ridge crests in wood. 3 cornices and sections, 2 gables. 
 Plan and elevation of area cover. 36 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 32— Ornamental front brick work, with terra-cotta name tablet, 
 frieze, belts and panels; niche in brick work for statue. One story of 
 house in brick, with tile and ornamental brick, and brick cornice. Cornice 
 and pediment for half of 25 ft. front. Brick bracket and stone corbel. 
 Cornice in terra-cotta or galvanized iron. 5 chimney tops with plans. 22 
 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 33— Fire screen frame, dining room extension table, picture stand, 
 library table, hall stand, hall chair, 2 dining room chairs, hanging toilet 
 stand, side table, sideboard, couch, seat, wardrobe and bachelor’s dressing 
 case, stand and wardrobe. 36 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 34 — 13 \ full size sections of base. 7 door and window finish. 6 
 chair boards. 7 door stops. Staircase window. 9 hall and staircase 
 windows. 51 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 35 — 17 front outside doors, with 4 full size section of rails, molds, 
 panels, etc. 63 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 33—4 staircases, with plans and sections of rails, newels, wainscot, 
 strings, and facias. 5 newel posts, with stair finish. 3 newel posts. 17 
 balusters. 13 picture moldings. 44 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 37 — Octagon conservatory, with plan. Conservatory and plan, 
 with 4 full-size sections. 2 grape arbors. Summer house. 2 well curbs. 
 Balcony. Cupola. Barn finish, showing bay loft door, stable door, and 
 i elevation of shed. Barn doors, gable, bay window, plant cabinet, truss 
 for church roof. Church and spire frame, with plan. 41 Drawings 
 
 Plate 38 — 2 store fronts, with large details. Plan of confectionery store, 
 showing location of countei’s, shelving-, mirrors, dumb waiter, stairs to 
 basement, toilet closet, and screen dividing store and ice cream saloon; 
 full details given for all fittings for store and saloon. 2 bins with shelv- 
 ing around columns in grocery store. Broom rack. Store shelving and 
 drawers. Bar counter. Drug store shelving. Grocery store shelving and 
 bins. 4 store counters. 40 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 39 — 8 floor Iwders. Side wall finish in wood. 3 ceilings. Hall 
 arch finish. 5 beam and post finish. 6 wood cornices, \ full size. 6 church 
 pews and seats, wkii 4 full-size detail. 2 library book cases. Kitche^ 
 dresser. 2 book stands. Library mantel and book case. 76 Drawings. 
 
 Plate 40 — 3 towers, 3 cupolas, 6 chimneys. 4 drive porches. 31 Draw- 
 ings. 
 
 YYliat the “Builder and Woodworker” 
 says of this book : 
 
 These detai Is are, withou t exception , the 
 best and cheapestlot of working drawings 
 that have been offered to the workman. 
 The whole series of forty- plates contain 
 something like eleven hundred separate 
 designs. Each plate is a fac-simile of the 
 original drawing, without reduction, 
 therefore just the same as if drawn by- 
 hand for placing in the hauds of the me- 
 chanic for execution, and are so plain that 
 every mechanic and apprentice can read- 
 ily understand them. 
 
 ‘‘Carpentry and Building” says of it: 
 
 The plates are large and withal are 
 crowded, as though space were valuable. 
 This is in one sense an advantage, since 
 so many more designs are obtained for 
 the money expended. They are from the 
 best examples of the popular modern 
 styles which they represent, and the scales 
 to which the drawings are made are unu- 
 sually large ones for the purpose, none of 
 them being less than % inch to the foot, 
 and many of the shapes being half full 
 size, a feature which will he appreciated. 
 
 PALLISER’S USEFUL DETAILS. 
 
 New edition just published in paper portfolio, 14 x 22, good paper and good prints. 
 
 An Entirely Original and Practical Work. Examine carefully the Full Description and List of Contents of this Work. 
 
 t§p”We will send it to any address, securely packed and postage paid, on receipt of $2.00, which is only five cents for each 
 plate, 20 x 26 inches in size. All building mechanics, etc., who know this will, we are certain, immediately send for this work, 
 as they all want it, and they know full well that he who exhibits the most knowledge and skill has the best work and the best 
 prices for doing it. 
 
 Tbs leading Architectural Journal in America says about “ Useful Details”: 
 ‘‘We have often wondered that some American publishers did not under- 
 take to produce such a book, for it has been evident that a large sale could be 
 found for a work showing American constructive details of a good character; 
 but at length has appeared just the work, and which has about it the indica- 
 tions of a useful and successful undertaking — Useful to those who subscribe 
 for it aud successful as a business venture for the author publishers. Grouped 
 upon single folio sheets are a multitude of details, well arranged and properly 
 co-ordinated, of such constructive features as must be wrought into the small 
 bouses, stables, shops, etc., iD whose construction nine-tenths of the mechanics 
 and a large proportion of the Architects of this country find occupation 
 ‘ Useful ’ Details they are properly called. 
 
 When one sees the prodigality with which the authors have made public 
 their ideas, one can but smile afresh at the remark of an English Architect: — 
 ‘D’ye know, I wouldn’t be doing that, ye know. When I got an idea 1 
 
 wouldn’t be giving it to the other fellows. I’d be keeping it for my own 
 work, ye kuow.’” From the American Architect and Building News. 
 
 B. F. Carpenter, a Builder at Glenville, Ohio, writes : “I have your Useful 
 Details ami think they ought to be in the bands of every Builder and Mechan- 
 ic in the country. I would not take for mine five times what it cost me if I 
 could not get another.” 
 
 Messrs. Fuller & Wheeler, Contractors and Builders, LansiDg, Mich., say : 
 “ We have used several of Uie Useful Details and the work always looks fine 
 and tasteful. Every Builder auu Mechanic should have them.” 
 
 We could print, had we the space, thousands of the most flattering letters 
 received from people everywhere who have procured Useful Details the past 
 few mouths; in fact words will not express their great satisfaction at the rea- 
 sonable price for such an immense work. .Many say oftentimes one design or 
 one idea is worth the price to them. 
 
 Every Carpenter, Builder, Wood-worker, Stair-Builder, Sash, Blind and Door Maker, Cabinet Maker, Mason and Plasterer 
 should get a copy of this valuable work. Ideas are just as necessary to the Mechanic as his tools. This book contains nearly 
 
 eleven hundred valuable ideas. PALLISER, PALUSER & CQ. S 24 East 42d Street, New York. 
 
OF FICE OF 
 
 HEPst XXi®o:r dte 
 
 ARCHITECTS, 
 
 £4 East 42 d St., between Madison and 5th Avenues , 
 
 NEM YORK. 
 
 ESTHBLiISfiED 1877 
 HT B^IDGEPOfpT, CONN- 
 
 Dear Sir, — I f you have selected a desigu from some book or other publication that about meets your wants, we shall be pleased to 
 furnish you for a reasonable compensation working plans and specifications for the same with any changes desired, but if you wish a specially 
 prepared design and plans to meet your requirements vve would refer you to the following : 
 
 It is desirable for parties who contemplate building to obtain the greatest 
 amount of room, with the best architectural effect, for the amount of money 
 expended, and to accomplish this they should secure the services of a compe- 
 tent architect, one who has made such things a study and pursuit for years, 
 and has used every means to become familiar with it in all iis detail. The parties 
 for whom the building is to be erected should carefully study their wants, and 
 give their ideas to the architect, to be worked out by him; he can then prepare a 
 complete set of drawings, details and specifications. The proprietor knows just 
 what he is going to have before the building is commenced, and he feels the 
 assurance that there can be no misunderstanding with his contractor, as the 
 architect’s drawings and specifications serve as a mediator between the owner 
 and coni factor, to”remind the former what to require, and the latter what his 
 agreement is to perform. 
 
 Care, should be taken by clients not to place too many restrictions on the 
 architect — how he shall do this or that, and make a mere draughtsman of him; 
 but after staling the price, it would be well to say what room is required, and 
 give him your ideas on the matter; and you may be sure that everything will 
 be added to the building which can be, internally and externally, that will en- 
 hance its beauty and usefulness. 
 
 Wheu parties communicate with us with a view to obtain our services in 
 preparing plans, etc., they will please give the following particulars, and any 
 and all the ideas they have on the subject which they may deem of importance. 
 
 1. The amount you will expeud on the building to make it complete in 
 every particular. Do not state an amount less than you really intend to spend, 
 as by so doing you may be disappointed, as some of our clients have been here- 
 tofore on account of their understating the amount they were willing to expend, 
 with the idea that it was sure-to ruu up above the amount they named. Alady 
 client of ours instructed us that her house and barn must not exceed $10,000 in 
 cost, and the actual cost by contract was $9,500, and she was disappointed and 
 would have been glad to have had it better finished and more elaborate work 
 and would willingly have paid $15,000. and believed at the start that it would 
 ruu up to that figure before it was finished, her friends having informed her 
 that architects’ estimates were always increased in actual execution by about 
 one-half. 
 
 2. Prices of Tabor and material in your locality for cash; also state liow 
 you intend to have your work done, by contract or how, or would you give it 
 proper personal attention yourself, and sharp business management in buying 
 the material and getting the work done acceding to advice and suggestions 
 that we could give as to purchase of some of tne materials and doing the work; 
 give character and ability of contractors in your locality that you are likely to 
 employ; are they mechanics and workers, thorough, pushing, wide-awake 
 business men and close buyers for cash, or are they bound to buy in the local 
 market and pay whatever some one chooses to ask, who gives them credit, and 
 are unable to buy elsewhere? 
 
 3. Nature of ground, size and shape of lot, grade of ground and in which 
 direction the building will front, also principal side. The best way is to send 
 a rough draft of the lot, with points of compass, and indicate roughly where 
 building is to be placed, something like this: 
 
 if” 
 
 4. What material will be used in construction? Wood, brick or stone? 
 Give full particulars where material can be obtained, and state which can be 
 had most conveniently and economically for the several purposes. What is 
 your preference for foundations and also for underpinning? 
 
 5. Particulars of other buildings near it, if any. 
 
 6. Number and what rooms arc inquired on each floor; heights of ceilings 
 and number of floors; also give particulars of any special disposition to be 
 made of any of the rooms on account of scenery, views, or otherwise. 
 
 7. What the building and rooms are to be used for. 
 
 8. From which direction are your most severe winds and storms. 
 
 9. Give particulars of locality and character of the grounds and surround- 
 ings, and any special circumstances to be considered in the design, and in the 
 location and arrangement of rooms. 
 
 10. What improvements are required, such as heating, hot and cold water, 
 bath, gas, water closets, etc. 
 
 11. Outside finish — porches, tower, bay-window, verandas, etc., etc. 
 
 12. Have you any public water works? Do you require cisterns to receive 
 water from roof, or what provision must be made for water service? Also 
 give full particulars of drainage. Can yours connect with a sewer in the street 
 or must a cesspool be provided, and state whether the ground has a bottom of 
 sand, gravel, hard-pan or clay. 
 
 13. What fence and outbuildings are required? 
 
 14. Name any work and materials you wish to do or supply, so that they 
 may he mentioned in specifications. 
 
 Write your name and address legibly, giving your post-office, county and 
 State, and write your own name at the bottom of vour letters. 
 
 After receiving particulars, anything that will interfere with the proper 
 
 arrangement of the rooms, and the carrying out of a suitable design, will be 
 brought to your notice, and we shall correspond with you until everything will 
 harmonize. We do not wish to send out designs when we think they will not 
 give satisfaction. 
 
 Correspondence invited from those who contemplate building, which will 
 always receive our prompt and careful attention. 
 
 When we are employed by parties at a distance we make preliminary 
 sketches of floor plans, and usually with this we send a small free hand sketch 
 of the elevations. These we send to the client, and they are returned with 
 whatever alterations, corrections and suggestions he makes. Then we make 
 the changes suggested as far as proper and send again to the client for final ap 
 proval if necessary, and when our sketches show just what is wanted by our 
 client to meet his necessities and desires, we make the working plans, detail 
 drawings and specifications, etc., as required for the builders to work from. 
 Parties who wish to employ us should not wait until the last moment, but 
 should open correspondence with us two or three months, or even more, before 
 they wish to commence building. 
 
 Our charges for services are for full working plans, all detail drawings for 
 exterior and interior work and fii lings, specifications and forms of contract, 
 two and a half per cent on cost of erecting and completing building, and, where 
 parties are unknown to us, one-quarter of said charges usually accompanying 
 the order for preliminary sketches, and as a guarantee of good faith. 
 
 In addition to above rates, one per cent is charged when elaborate sketches 
 and perspective in line or color are required to be made previous to making 
 full working plans; also one per cent additional when there is a large amount 
 and variety of elaborate interior wood work and fittings to design in detail for 
 first-class dwellings, mansions, etc. 
 
 For preparing complete bills of quantities of materials, a charge of three- 
 quarters per cent is made. 
 
 For superintendence, one and one-half to three per cent, according to the 
 requirements, or by the visit by special agreement for inspecting the work to 
 see whether contractor’s payments are due or not, and that he is fulfilling the 
 conditions of the contract. 
 
 When required, we furnish our client with a competent and reliable clerk 
 of works to be constantly on the ground superintending the construction, and 
 which is very necessary in the case of large or intricate buildings. 
 
 For designs in detail of Furniture and Interior Decorations, ten per cent 
 on cost. 
 
 For buying material and appliances required in building and furnishing, 
 such goods in all cases being bought at the best wholesale trade rates, a charge 
 of five per cent is made. 
 
 For appraising and valuing, charges are made according to time occupied 
 and circumstances. 
 
 Traveling expenses and surveying in all cases are charged in addition to 
 above rates. 
 
 Charges are based on the total cost of actual execution and payment of full 
 value, but previous to ability to arrive at the proper and full cost, the approxi- 
 mate intended cost is used as the base on which to reckon charges. 
 
 It is our constant aim to please our clients, and we usually succeed. Our 
 long practice has convinced us that it is quite as easy to satisfy parties with 
 our designs when we never see them, as in any other way. When parties cor- 
 respond with us in regard to procuring designs, V'e are always prompt in an- 
 swering their inquiries: but ofttimes people have written us simply to get our 
 ideas and not pay for them. To all such we would say that our time is valua- 
 ble, and we sincerely wish they would not trouble us. We mention this fact 
 because we have received scores of letters, and answered them, when the par- 
 ties really never intended to employ us, but simply steal our ideas. Now our 
 ideas are for sale, and by this means we live, and it is a pleasure as well as a 
 livelihood to assist people to build artistic, convenient and comfortable homes. 
 Perhaps if architects were rich — they seldom are — it would be sufficient com- 
 pensation to them to assist people as far as possible with ideas; but as they are 
 not, they are obliged to combine pleasure and profit in a way it is seldom done 
 except in architecture. 
 
 Wheu you want a lawyer, do yon ask all the attorneys you know to make a 
 “bid,” and then employ the cheapest? Do you not rather look for the attor- 
 ney whose skill, knowledge of the law and personal character insure thorough 
 and honest effort in your interest? Level-headed business men seek the best 
 legal talent; in their judgment the best is the cheapest, and it should be just 
 the same in regard to the employment of architects, yet many think that the 
 least they can get a design for is so much made. This is a great mistake, and 
 is admitted by all intelligent men. It is impossible to get anything for less 
 than its value, and at the same time have it prove satisfactory. It is hut a very 
 small design that will occupy a week’s time in its study, and the proper prepa- 
 ration of the drawings aud specifications. 
 
 We shall be very glad to hear from all persons who intend to build, and 
 wish our services, and we will serve them faithfully. 
 
 Our aim is to please our clients, aud to give just as much for their money 
 as possible. 
 
 It may seem a curious fact, but to design a small cottage, and get the most 
 for a limited cost, is a much harder study than to design a house to contain so 
 many rooms, and have this and that, where we are not limited to cost. 
 
 Our drawings are made on vellum, so that they will stand wear and tear; 
 are thoroughly lettered, figured, and made plain as daylight. Also, any one 
 can understand our full-size working drawings. The specifications are always 
 made complete in every particular, and are furnished in duplicate, for builder 
 aud proprietor, as are also our forms of contract; and all instructions are given 
 our clients in the most complete way to enable them to have the design proper- 
 ly executed, and their building affairs satisfactorily conducted. 
 
 To those who need our services, we would say that our aim at all times is 
 to produce what will in every way give satisfaction, and our services, advice, 
 etc., are rendered in full confidence that they will do so. 
 
 You will do us a favor by showing this book, or speaking of it to your 
 ffiends aud any one in your locality who intends to build or is otherwise in- 
 terested. We have the honor to be yours most respectfully, 
 
 PALLISER, PALLISER & CO., 
 
 Architects. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE PRICE-LIST 
 
 For Full Working Plans, Detail Drawings and Specifications with any and all changes and alterations made t© 
 suit individual requirements for each and every one of the popular designs contained and illustrated in Palliser’s 
 American Architecture ; or, Every Man a Complete Builder. Specifications are furnished in duplicate and 
 properly arranged for owner and builder. A full supply of Palliser’s Contract Blanks with Bond, so as to fill 
 out and make proper agreement with builder, is furnished free. Colors for painting are furnished. 
 
 DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION OP DESIGN. 
 
 Prices of 
 Plans, Etc. 
 
 DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION OP DESIGN. 
 
 Prices of 
 Plans, Etc. 
 
 Page 5. Large house, on title page, at Seaside Park, 
 
 of brick and timber $75 00 
 
 Page 5. The above, entirely of frame, with Tower 
 left off, and detail modified to a $4,750 or 
 
 $5,000 house 55 00 
 
 Page 7. Design 1, Plate 2 25 00 
 
 “ 2, “ 2 15 00 
 
 “ 3, “ 2 15 00 
 
 Page 9. “ 4, “ 3 15 00 
 
 “ 5, “ 3 20 Oo 
 
 “ 6, “ 3 10 00 
 
 Page 11. “ 7, " 4 .. 20 00 
 
 “ 8, “ 4 20 00 
 
 Page 13. “ 9, “ 5 25 00 
 
 “ 10, “ 5 15 00 
 
 Page 15. “ 11, “ 6 17 50 
 
 “ 12, “ 6 10 00 
 
 Page 17. “ 13, “ 7 17 50 
 
 “ 14, “ 7 25 00 
 
 “ 15, “ 7 30 00 
 
 Page 19. “ 16, “ 8 17 50 
 
 “ 17, “ 8 17 50 
 
 Page 21. “ 18, “ 9 25 00 
 
 Page 23 “ 19, “ 10 30 00 
 
 Page 25. “ 20, “ 11 30 00 
 
 “ 21, “ 11 27 50 
 
 Page 27. “ 22, “ 12 30 00 
 
 Page 28. Scooba Cottage 10 00 
 
 Birmingham Cottage 15 00 
 
 Page 29. Design 23, Plate 13 25 00 
 
 Page 30. Chelsea Cottage 15 00 
 
 Page 31. Design 24, Plate 14 30 00 
 
 Page 32. Tomlinson Cottage 25 00 
 
 Page 33. Design 25, Plate 15 30 00 
 
 Page 34. Litchfield Cottage 27 50 
 
 Page 35. Design 26, Plate 16. 35 00 
 
 Page 36. Tazewell Residence 27 50 
 
 Page 37. Design 27, Plate 17 35 00 
 
 Page 38. Trinler Cottage 35 00 
 
 Page 39. Design 28, Plate 18 55 00 
 
 Page 40. Hotchkiss Residence 45 00 
 
 Page 41. Design 29, Plate 19 35 00 
 
 Page 42. Carpenter Residence 45 00 
 
 Anyone about to build can get fitted with suitable 
 
 Page 43. Design 30, Plate 20 37 50 
 
 Page 44. Coe Residence 45 00 
 
 Page 45. Design 31, Plate 21 27 50 
 
 Page 46 and 48. Egge Cottage 45 00 
 
 Page 47. Design 32, Plate 22 45 00 
 
 Page 49. “ 33, “ 23 27 50 
 
 Page 50. Marble Cottage 45 00 
 
 Page 51. Design 34, Plate 24 37 50 
 
 Page 52. Woodruff Residence 45 00 
 
 Page 53. Design 35, Plate 25 45 00 
 
 Page 54. Gardiner Residence 45 00 
 
 Page 55. Design 36, Plate 26 40 00 
 
 Page 56. Pair Houses 45 00 
 
 Page 57. Design 37, Plate 27 45 00 
 
 Page 58. Physician’s Residence 50 00 
 
 Page 59. Design 38, Plate 28 . 60 00 
 
 Page 60. Double House 45 00 
 
 Page 61. Design 39, Plate 29 30 00 
 
 Page 62 and 64. Underwood Residence 55 00 
 
 Page 63. Design 40, Plate 30 60 00 
 
 Page 65. “ 41, “ 31 37 50 
 
 Page 66. Farm Barn and Hennery 45 00 
 
 Page 67. Design 42, Plate 32 35 00 
 
 Page 68. Stable and Carriage House .'. 17 50 
 
 Page 69. Design 43, Plate 33 45 00 
 
 Page 70. School House 100 00 
 
 Page 71. Design 44, Plate 34 45 00 
 
 Page 72. Masonic Building 55 00 
 
 Page 73. Design 45, Plate 35 45 00 
 
 Page 74. Bank and Library 80 00 
 
 Page 75. Design 46, Plate 36 45 00 
 
 Page 76. Town Hall 100 00 
 
 Page 77. Design 47, Plate 37. 45 00 
 
 Page 78. Episcopal Church 45 00 
 
 Page 79. Design 48, Plate 38 45 00 
 
 Page 80. Catholic Church 65 00 
 
 Page 81. Design 49, Plate 39 55 00 
 
 Page 82. Presbyterian or Congregational Church . . 100 00 
 
 Page 83. Design 50, Plate 40 45 00 
 
 Page 84 to 89. Modern Cottage, 4 rooms on a floor, 
 
 with or without Tower 45 00 
 
 Modern Cottage, 3 rooms on a floor, and with 
 or without Tower 27 50 
 
 plans, etc., from the above, and all changes are made to suit 
 
 their wants and requirements without extra cost. Address all orders to 
 
 <X_ S. OGILVIE, ZP-CTBLISIEriEilE?. 
 
 57 Rose Street;. USTe-w "STcarHs:. 
 
A New and Important Work Just Issued. 
 
 THE FINEST AND BEST PUBLICATION 
 
 Public Buildings of Every Description. 
 
 Palliser’s Court Houses, 
 
 CITY HALLS, JAILS, Etc., Etc, 
 
 By the Celebrated Architects, 
 
 PALLISER, PALLISER & CO. 
 
 There is not an Architect, Public Official, Mason Con- 
 tractor or prominent Builder, or anyone interested that can 
 afford to be without it. It is a practical work. 
 
 The latest, cheapest and most popular work issued on 
 Public Buildings. Three hundred and fifty drawings. 
 
 A $10 BOOK IN SIZE AND STYLE. 
 
 This book is 11x14 inches in size and consists of 85 large 
 9x12 plates, giving plans, elevations, perspective views and 
 Detail Drawings, actual cost of construction and instructions 
 how to build public buildings of every description for Vil- 
 lages, Towns, Cities, Counties, States, and costing from 
 $600 to $195,000, together with specifications, etc., etc. 
 
 16 plates of details on the practical construction of Court 
 Houses and Jails. A supplement giving a double plate page 
 of a large Court House printed in colors and two plates of 
 Heliotype prints of Court Houses taken from nature. 
 
 Miniature view of Knox County Court House, erected at Knoxville, 
 Tenn., the finest Court House in the Southern States, is fully illustrated in this 
 work. Erected from working plans and specifications prepared by 
 
 PALLISER, PALLISER & CO., 
 
 AEOHITEOTS, 
 
 EsTe-w "STorte. 
 
 Full List of Illustrations Contained in this Work are Given Below . 
 
 » a 
 
 Frontispiece. — Old Court House, New 
 Jersey, erected 1796. 
 
 “ Manor Hall, erected 1682, now 
 the City Hail, Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 Page 7. — Set of preliminary sketches for Plates 
 
 the Escambia County Court 
 House, Pensacola, Fla., which 1 
 
 were successful in an invited to 
 
 and paid competition. 4 
 
 Page 11. — Specifications, working plans, 
 details and bill of material for 
 the Escambia County Court 
 House, erected at Pensacola, 
 
 Fla. Cost $43,000. Plans and 
 elevations from working draw- 5 
 
 ings and the details reproduced 
 from full size and H inch to 
 
 scale drawings. At the time of 
 its erection this building was 29 
 said to be the finest in the State 
 of Florida. (See supplement for 
 view printed from nature.) 
 
 Page 39. — A Pa. County Record Office, 
 cost $8,000. 
 
 — A Court House of frame with 30 
 
 fire proof vaults for small county 
 in a Western State, cost $5,500. 
 
 Page 40. — Full plans, sections and eleva- 
 tions of the Knox County Court 
 House, erected at Knoxville, 
 
 Tenn., with fire-proof floors, 
 cost $87,000, submitted in a 
 limited competition with 11 
 architects, of Atlanta, Ga., and 
 Knoxville, Tenn. Tliis build- 31 
 
 ing is said by lawyers and judges 
 to be the finest and mostconve- to 
 nient Court House in the South- 
 ern States, aud this design was 36 
 unanimously adopted by the 
 committee and out of 16 on the 
 first ballot 13 voted for its adop- 
 tion. It was said that some of 
 the designs submitted had from 
 10 to 15 freaks or tin towers on 
 the roof, and that a disappointed 
 architect commenced a suit 
 against the county for $15,000 
 damages. (See supplement for 
 perspective view from nature.) 
 
 Page 46. — An Indiana County Court 
 
 House, Stone with fire-proof 37 
 
 construction. Cost $165,000. to 
 
 (See supplement for perspective 42 
 
 view printed in colors.) 
 
 Pla'es 
 
 Page 52. — Design for Fairfield County, 43 to 
 . Conn. .Court House, cost $90,000 45 
 
 Page 55. — A Pa. County Court House, . 
 built of stone, with all fire-proof 
 floors, cost $70,000. 8 
 
 Page 58. — Design for Fort Bend County, 49 and 
 Texas, Court House, cost $25,000 50 
 
 Page 60. — Design for Morton County, ri ■> 
 Dakota, Court House and Jaii, 0 - 0 
 cost $30,000. ^ 
 
 Page 62. — Floyd County Court House, 
 
 now in course of erection at 53 
 
 Prestonsburg, Ky., cost $15,000. 
 
 Page 63. — Full plans aud details of Pri- 
 son Buildings, erected for the 
 government of British Columbia 
 at Victoria and New Westmin- 
 ster, B. C. , cost $38,000. 54 
 
 A premium of $500 was of- 
 fered architects and the work of to 
 preparing plans, etc., at regular 
 rates for the best design «ub- 56 
 mitted. This design received 
 the premium over a dozen 
 designs sent in by Canadian 
 Architects. 
 
 Page 66.— Design for Taylor County, -- 
 
 Texas, Jail. Cost $14,000. 
 
 Page 67. — A small Village Hall, cost $600 
 
 — A Model Village Hall, cost 58 
 $4,000. 
 
 Page 68. — Madison Hall for the Turn- 
 ers and Concordia Societies and 59 
 
 for the general use of the people and 
 of Bridgeport, Conn., cost $18,- 60 
 
 000 . 
 
 Page 70. — Design for Dallas, Texas, 61 and 
 City Hall, cost $50,000, 62 
 
 Page 72. — Design for Naugatuck, Conn., 63 and 
 Town Hall, cost $25,000. 64 
 
 Page 74. — City Hall now in course of 
 
 erection at Watertown, Dakota, 65 
 
 cost $20,000. 
 
 Page 75. — Public Hall at Norfolk, 
 
 Conn., built by a corporation, 66 to 
 
 Plates 
 
 composed of the townspeople, 
 cost $6,500, perspective view, 
 print from nature. 
 
 Page 78. — Design for Town Hall, Utica, 
 Ohio, cost $12,000. 
 
 Page 79. — Design for Town Hall, Still 
 Pond, Md., cost $4,500. 
 
 Page 80. — Public Exhibition Hall and 
 Rink, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, 
 cost $10,000. 
 
 Page 81. — A Village Hook and Ladder 
 and Trustees’ Offices, cost $3,- 
 000 . 
 
 — Two sets of floor plans for 
 small Town or Village Offices, 
 cost $5,000 to $6,000. 
 
 Page 82.— Design for the Southwestern 
 Lunatic Asylum, Va., cost 
 $ 100 , 000 . 
 
 Page 84. — Design and specifications for 
 the Territorial Capitol Build- 
 ing, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 
 cost $195,000. 
 
 Page 92. — Ocean Grove and Asbury 
 Park, N. J., Library Hall, cost 
 $ 12 , 000 . 
 
 68 
 
 i 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 and 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 to 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 Page 93. — Floor plans of Armory, C. N. 
 
 -G., Bridgeport, Conn., cost 82 
 
 $ 20 , 000 . 
 
 Page 94. — Design for Armory, C. N. G., 83 
 
 New Haven, Conn., cost and 
 
 $37,225. 84 
 
 Page 96. — Plans and Details of Iron 
 Band Stand erected in Wash- 
 ington Park, Bridgeport, Conn., 85 
 
 cost $1,200. 
 
 A number of foreign examples of public build- 
 ings, as an English Town Hall; a Workmen’s 
 Institute and Recreation Hall; Infirmary; Mar- 
 ket Hall; Public Library; Public Baths and a 
 Cottage Hospital. 
 
 A Swiss Town Hall; a Viennese Museum, all 
 of which are good examples that may be profit- 
 ably followed. 
 
 Also a number of Texas public buildings that 
 are not considered models. 
 
 This book of 108 pages, as described above, will be sent by mail, postpaid, to any address on 
 receipt of price. Price, heavy paper cover, TWO DOLLARS; bound in cloth, THREE 
 DOLLARS. Address 
 
 J. S. OGIiVIE, Publisher, 57 Rose St., New York. 
 
PRICE IN PAPER COVER, $2.00; BOUND IN CLOTH, $3.00. 
 
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 Copyright, 1889, by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, 24 East 42d St., New York. 
 
 The above shows the front cover page, and is full size of plates and printed pages in Palliser’s Court Houses. City Halls, Jails 
 and other Public Buildings, a full description of which is given on the next page. 
 
JTTST PUBLISHED. 
 
 PALLISEE’S 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS 
 
 Architectural Designs & Details, 
 
 Miniature cut of Stable and Carriage House, 
 by Palliser, Palliser & Co., Architects, New York. 
 
 j For Carpenters and Builders, Mechanics and All 
 People Intending to Build. 
 
 BY THE MOST POPULAR ARCHITECTS, 
 
 PALLISER, PALLISER & CO. 
 
 This work contains 100 pages, mostly all plates 11 x 14 in size, nearly 1,000 drawings and illustrations, 
 giving plans, elevations and perspective views of Barns, Stables and Carriage House, Greenhouse, Summer 
 House, a Model Poultry House, Outhouses, Bath Houses and Pavilion, 3 Designs for Cottages of moderate 
 cost, 3 Frame Double Houses, 3 Southern Houses, 2 Villas — with Details, 11 City Brick Fronts— with Details, 
 4 Frame Low-Cost Tenement Houses — with Details. 
 
 Also Details of Brick, Terra Cotta and Wooden Mantels in great variety, Stairs, Newels, Posts, Rails and 
 Balusters, Fences, Gateways, Railings, etc., Elevation and Section of Brick and Stone Bank Front — with Plan 
 of Front, Brick Cornices and Sections, 9 Iron Finials and Crests, 5 Terra Cotta Finials and Ridge Crests, 
 6 Wood Finials and 5 Ridge Crests in Wood, Cornices and Sections, Gabels, Plan and Elevation of Area 
 Cover, Ornamental Front Brick Work — with Terra Cotta Name Tablet, Frieze Belts and Panels, Niche in brick 
 work for Statue, One Story of House in Brick — with tile and ornamental brick and brick cornice, Cornice and 
 Pediment for half of 25-foot Front, Brick Bracket and Stone Corbel, Cornice in Terra Cotta or Galvanized 
 Iron, 5 Chimney Tops— with plans, Bay Window, Piazza and Exterior Cottage Details, Fire Screen, Frames, 
 Dining Room Extension Table, Picture Stand, Library Table, Hall Stand, Hall Chair, Dining Room Chairs, 
 Hanging Toilet Stand, Side Tables, Side Boards, Couch, Seats, Wardrobe and Bachelor’s Dressing Case, Stand 
 and Wardrobe, II Front Outside Doors — with Section of Rails, Moulds anci Panels, Interior Door Trim, Wains- 
 cotting, Paneled Ceiling, etc., etc , plainly drawn so as to be easily understood and appreciated by the practical 
 man; also Form of Building Contract and a complete illustrated list of the best publications issued on the 
 subject of building, compiled as a valuable adviser for students of architecture, carpenters, builders and me- 
 chanics, as well as the public in general. 
 
 “ Every man has at some time in his life a personal interest in architecture. He has influence on the 
 design of some public building or he has to buy or build or alter his own houses. It signifies less whether 
 the knowledge of other art be general or not. Men may live without buying pictures or statues, but in archi- 
 tecture all must in some way commit themselves ; they must do mischief and waste their money, if they do 
 not know how to turn it to accouut. Churches and shops and warehouses and cottages, and small row or place, 
 and terrace bouses must be built and lived in, however joyless or inconvenient, and it is assuredly intended 
 that all of us should have knowledge in matters in which we are daily concerned, and not to be left to the 
 caprice of architects.” — Buskin. 
 
 This book bound in paper cover will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of $1.00. Address all orders to 
 
 J. S. OGILVIE, Publisher, 
 
 57 ROSE STREET, NEW YORK 
 

 
GETTY CENTER LIBRARY 
 
# O.