The City and C o u n t r y 
 
 BUILDERS and If OR KM A N's 
 T R E A S*U R Y of D E S I G N S : 
 
 Or the ART of 
 
 DRAWING and WORKING 
 
 The Ornamental PARTS of 
 
 A R CHITECTURE. 
 
 Illuftrated by upwards of Four Hundred grand Defigns, neatly engraved on 
 One Hundred and Eighty-fix COPPERPLATES, for 
 
 Piersy 
 
 Gates, 
 
 Doors J 
 
 Windows^ 
 
 Niches, 
 
 Buffets, 
 
 Cijierns, 
 
 Chimney Pieces, 
 
 Tabernacle Frames, 
 
 Pavements^ 
 
 Frets, 
 
 Gulochi's, 
 
 Pulpits, 
 
 Types, 
 
 Altar Pieces^ 
 Monuments, 
 Fonts, 
 Obelifques, 
 
 Pedefials, for 
 Sun-Di^ls, 
 Bujlo's, and 
 Stone Tables, 
 Book-Cafes, 
 Cielings, and 
 Iron Works, 
 
 Proportioned by ALIQUOT PARTS. 
 
 With an APPENDIX of Fourteen PLATES of Trujfes for Gh'ders and Beams, different 
 
 Sorts of Rafters, and a Variety of Roofs, &c. 
 
 To which are prefix'd, 
 
 The Five Orders of Columns, according to Andrea Palladio ; whofe Members arc 
 proportioned by aliquot Parts, in a more eafy Manner than has yet been done. 
 
 •The WHOLE interfperfed 
 
 With fure RULES for working all the Varieties of Raking Members in Pediments, Modilions, &c. 
 The like, for the immediate Ufe of WORK ME N, never publifhed before, in any Language.' 
 
 By B. L. 
 
 LONDON, Primed for and Sold by S. Harding on tlie Pavment in St. Mariin's Laite, 1745. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 H E great Pleafure that Builders and Wprkmen of all Kinds have of late Years taken in 
 the Study of Architedure ; and the great Advantages that have accrued to thofe, 
 for whom they have been employed ; by having their Works executed in a much 
 neater and more magnificent Manner than was ever done in this Kingdom before has 
 been the real Motive that induced me, to the compiling of ^ this Work, for their fiirthcr 
 
 Improvement. 
 
 Befides, as the Study of Architeflure is really delightful in all its Procefs its Praftice is evidently 
 of the greateft Importance to Artificers in general ; and its Rules fo eafy, as to be acquired at leifure 
 Imes, when the Bufinefs of Days is over, by Way of Diverfion : 'Tis a Matter of very great Sur- 
 prize to me ; how any Perfon dare prefume to difcourage others from the Study thereof, and thereby 
 render them very often lefs ferviceable to the Publick than fo many Brutes. 
 
 But to prevent this Infeflion from diffufing its poifonous EfHuvia's any further and in Confidera- 
 tion that amongft: all Sorts of People, there are fome, in whom Nature has implanted that noble 
 Faculty of the Soul, called Reason, whereby we judge of "things : I have therefore, at a very great 
 Expence, compiled this Work for the common Good of all Men of Reafony whofe BufinelTes require 
 the Knowledge of this Art, and who defire to become Proficients therein. 
 
 The firft Work to be done in order thereto, is perfeftly to underftand the Five Orders of Columns, 
 which here I have placed precedent to the Defigns for that Purpofe ; and which I peremptorily admonilh, 
 be well underftood, before any Proceeding be made to attempt the Art of Defigning. 
 
 - The Five Orders of Columns have their Members fo eafily adjufted, that the Reader, after having 
 once read their Explanations, need never read them a fecond Time. Nor will their general Proportions 
 efcape his Memory, after having praftifed them about half a Dozen Times. 
 
 The Defigns contained herein, and the Orders preceding them, are in general adjufled by Aliquot 
 Parts i fo that when the Height of any Work to be made, is known, (which in all Cafes muft firfl be 
 given) and divided into fomc certain Number of equal Parts, as affixed to every Defign-, the Heights 
 and Projeftions of its Members are thereby determined. And, that young Students may not be at a 
 Lofs herein, I have, for their further Inftruftions, fhewn their particular Members, with their Meafures at 
 large which the Defigns of Inigo Jones^ and all other Mafters to this Time, are defedive in, and 
 confequently are of no more Ufe to W orkmen, thdn fo many |*i6lures to gaze at not fo many 
 Rules, or Examples to work by, or after unlcfs to fuch, who underftand the Architedure thereof, as 
 well as their Authors, who defigned them. 
 
 I fhall now proceed to explain the Orders in the moft familiar Manner •, which will render the Un- 
 derftanding of all the following Defigns confpicuous to every Capacity. 
 
 B. LANGLEY. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Of the Fourteen Plates of ROOFS, i^c. which arc added to the Work. 
 
 with an open Gutter, and double hip'd at the other End) iV 
 Ledgement. Plate VII. A hip'd Roof in Ledgement having 
 one End fquare, and the other End bevel with a cambred 
 Flat for a Balcony on its Top. Plate IX. An irregular 
 double Roof in Ledgnrent. Plate X. Two Varieties of framing, 
 irregular fingle Roofs whieh are hip'd at one End, and gabled at 
 the other, Plate XI. Two Examples of irregular Roofs in 
 Ledgement. Plate XII. Eight Examples of TrulTes for prin- 
 cipal Rafters true pitch, Plate XIII. Ten Examples for truf- 
 fed Roofs. Plate XIV. Sedions of truffed Roofs, with the 
 Roofs of the Churches of St. Paul Covent Garden, and Green- 
 vjicb, with Remarks. 
 
 Plate I. The fpliceirg or lengthening of Beams explained j a 
 Beam Camber, with an Inch and quarter Spring, to 25 Feet 
 extent } dilierent TrulTes for Girders and Beams, different Scarf- 
 ings for Wall-plates, Raifmgs, i^c. Plate II. Requifites for 
 fquare Roofs explained. Plate III. A fecond Methodfor fpliceing 
 and lengthening of Beams. The Lengths and Angles of the Backs 
 of Hip-Rafters in irregular Roofs explained. The Lengths 
 and Angles of the Backs of Hip- Rafters in polygonal Roofs 
 explained. Plate IV. Circular, Elliptical, ^c. Hip-Rafters to 
 oftangular and fpheroidical Roofs explained. Plate V. To lay 
 out a fquare Roof in. Ledgement. Plate VI. A fquare double 
 Roof ("commonly called an iV/ Roof) in Ledgement. Plate VII. 
 An oblong double Roof (returned with fingle Hips at one End, 
 
THE 
 
 ART of DESIGNING and WORKING 
 
 THE 
 
 ORNAMENTAL PARTS BUILDINGS. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of the Manner of Proportioning the Five Orders of Columns in Architedurc 
 
 by Aliquot Parts. 
 
 I, O/r/?;^ TUSCAN ORDER. 
 
 PR OB. II. To proportion the Heights of the prin- 
 cipd Parts of the Tukm Order, Fig. I. Plate I. 
 
 R A CT I C E. Divide a o 2i given 
 Height into 5 equal Parts, the low- 
 er I Part k 0 IS the Height of the 
 Pedeftal. Divide a k the remain- 
 ing 4 Parts into 5 equal Parts, the 
 , upper I Part a d, is the Height of 
 the Entablature, and d k, the lower 4, of the 
 Column. 
 
 P R O B. II. "To proportion the Heights of the Princi- 
 pal Parts of the Tufcan Pedeftal^ Fig. II. 
 
 Divide i; w, a given Height into 4 Parts, the 
 
 lower I, is the Height of the Plinth, | of the 
 next I, of the Mouldings on the Plinth, and half 
 the upper i of the Cornice. 
 
 P R O B. III. TiO proportion the Heights of the Mem- 
 bers on the Plinth and of the Cornice of the 
 Tufcan Pedeftal. 
 
 If the Mouldings on the Plinth be an Inverted 
 Cima re^ta between two Fillets, divide the Height 
 in 6, give i to each Fillet, and 4 to the Cima ; 
 but if the Mouldings are a Caveto on a Fillet, 
 give 4 to the Caveto and 2 to the Fillet. Di- 
 
 vide the Height of the Cornice in 6, give the 
 upper I to the Regula E, the next 3 to the/Faf- 
 cia F, and the remaining 2 to a Cima reverfa, 
 or a Caveto with its Fillet, whofe Height is half one 
 Part. 
 
 PROB. 
 
2 Of the TUSC 
 
 P R O B. IV. 'to determine the Troje^ions of the 
 Dado^ Bafe and Cornice of the Tufcan Pedefial.- 
 Fig. II. Plate I. 
 
 (i.) Divide C^N, equal to the Height of the 
 Bafe in 5 Parts, and the upper i in 7 Parts 
 Make z O the Proje6tion of the Dado, equal to 
 4 Parts and f. (2.) The Projeaion of the 
 Plinth (q p) is equal to (r q) the Height of the 
 Mouldings on the Plinth, as alfo is the Projedion 
 of the Cornice, from the Upright of the Dado, 
 in every Order. Draw x y 2it Pleafure, at any 
 Part againft the Dado, which divide in 6 Parts, 
 and terminate the Members in the Bafe and Cor- 
 nice, as is exprelfed by the dotted Lines proceed- 
 ing upward and downward from them. 
 
 Fig. G. exhibits the Manner of defcribing a 
 Cima reverfa at large, whofe Projeftion is | of 
 its Height. 
 
 P R O B. V. To proportion the Heights of the prin- 
 cipal Parts of the Tufcan Column^ Fig. I. PI. II. 
 
 (i.) Divide the given Height in 7 equal Parts, 
 and take i for the Diameter of the Column at its 
 Bafe ; therefore note, that the Height of the Co- 
 lumn is 7 Diameters. (2.) The Height of the 
 Bafe, and of the Capital, are each half a Dia- 
 meter. 
 
 PR OB. VI. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Bafe of the Tufcan Column. 
 
 Divide s t the Height of the Bafe in 2 Parts, aS 
 the Bafe on the Pedeftal, Fig. II. Plate I. the low- 
 er I is the Height of the Phnth D, and the upper 
 I of its Torus C, with the Cindure B, which is 
 a fourth Part thereof. 
 
 PR OB. VII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Tufcan Capital. 
 
 Divide, the Height of the Capital M R, into 3 
 Parts, as in Fig. II. Plate II. give the upper i to its 
 Abacus M N, the Middle i to the Ovolo O with 
 its Fillet P, which is a fixth Part, and the lower 
 I to Q^the Neck of the Capital. The Height of 
 the Aftragal R S, is equal to Half the Height of 
 the Neck, which divide in 3 : Give 2 to the 
 Aftragal R, and i to the Fillet S. Note, The 
 Aftragal in every Order is a Part of the Shaft, 
 not of the Capital 
 
 AN ORDER. 
 
 P R O B. VIII. To diminifh the Shaft of the Tufcan, 
 cr any other Column, Fig. I. Plate II. 
 
 (i.) Divide the given Height of the Shaft be- 
 tween the Cindure B, and the Aftragal A, into 3 
 equal Parts, and draw the Line n x y, through 
 the firft Part, parallel to the Cinfture 4, 5 make 
 B 4, B 5, and x n, x y, each equal to Half a 
 Diameter, and draw the Lines 4 n^ ^y\ make 
 A b, and A c, each equal to ;| or f of n x, ac- 
 cording to what Quantity you have a Mind to di- 
 minifti the Shaft ; fome making the Diminution 
 ~ or f , as in this Example. (2.) On x defcribe 
 the Semicircle n r i jy, and draw the Lines b r, 
 and c I, from the Points b c, parallel to the cen- 
 tral Line A B. Divide the Arches n r and i y, 
 each into any Number of like equal Parts, fup- 
 pofe four, as at 0 p and 2, 3, 2, and draw 
 the Ordinates q 2, ^3, and 0 z. (3. Divide A a; 
 into the fame Number of equal Parts as in n r, 
 or I y, as at Ih d, and draw the Lines, e f equal 
 X.0 q2\ g i equal to ^ 3, and k m equal to 0 z. 
 (4.5 From n, through the Points k g e, draw the 
 curved Line n k g e b, and from y through the 
 Points m i /, the curved Linejy m if, which com- 
 pletes the Diminution of the Shaft as required. 
 
 PR OB. IX. To determine the ProjeSiions of the 
 Members in the Bafe of the Tufcan Column, 
 Fig. I. Plate L 
 
 (i.) Divide the Semidiameter in 3 Parts, and 
 turn I Part out for the Proje6lion of the Plinth, 
 which in every Order, ftands exadly over the 
 Dado of the Pedeftal. (2.) The Projedion of 
 the Torus is always the fame as of the Phnth. 
 (3.) Divide the Projeftion of the Plinth before the 
 Upright of the Shaft into 4 Parts, and the third 
 Part into 4, then the firft i Part terminates the 
 Projedion of the Cindure B. 
 
 PR OB. X. To determine the PrcjeUions of the 
 Members in the Tufcan Capital, Fig. II. PI. II. 
 
 Divide the Semidiameter of the Shaft continued 
 to the Abacus into 2 Parts, as at /, and make 
 the Projedion of the Abacus, equal to i of thofe 
 Parts, when the Abacus is finifhed with a Fillet, 
 and to I of i Part, when without a Fillet. The 
 Projedion of the Fillet under the Aftragal is e- 
 qual to twice its own Height, and the Pallet un- 
 der the Ovoio, to its Height. 
 
 PR OB. 
 
0} the DORI 
 
 P R O B. XI. To prof onion the Heights of the prin- 
 cipd Parts of the Tufcan Entablature, Fig. II. 
 Plate II. 
 
 Divide A M th^ given Height, into 7 equal 
 Parts i give 2 to the Architrave, .2 to the Freeze, 
 and 3 to the Cornice. 
 
 PR OB. XII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Tufcan Architrave. 
 
 If the Architrave is to confift but of i Fafcia, 
 divide its Height in 7 Parts, and give i and f to 
 the Height of the Tenia I, and the Remainder to 
 the Fafcia K •, but if of two Fafcia's, give the low- 
 er 2 to the fmall Fafcia, the next 4 to the great 
 Fafcia, and the upper i to the Tenia. 
 
 PRO B. XIII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Tufcan Cornice. 
 
 The Height of the Cornice confifting of 3 Parts 
 divide the upper i Part in 4, and when this En- 
 tablature is finifhed with a Cima reda, give the up- 
 per I to its Fillet but when with an Ovolo, give 
 the lower i to its Aftragal. The middle i Part 
 of the Cornice being divided in 6 Parts, give the 
 upper I to the Fillet C, and the other 5 to the Co- 
 rona i). The lower i Part of the Cornice, di- 
 vided in 2 Parts, give the upper i to the Ovolo 
 E, and the other i to its Caveto G, and Fillet E, 
 which is % Part thereof. 
 
 P R O B. XIV. T 0 determine the Proje^iures of the 
 Members in the Tufcan Architrave and Cornice. 
 Fig. II. Plate II. 
 
 (i.) The Projcflion of the lower Fafcia of the 
 Architrave, and of the Freeze, in every Order, is 
 always the fame from the central Line of the Co- 
 lumn as the Upright of the Column, at its Aftra- 
 gal •, and therefore are all direftly over each o- 
 ther. It is from the upright Line of the Face of 
 the Freeze, that thor Projeftions of all the Mem- 
 l^rs in every Architrave and Cornice of each Or- 
 jder, is accounted. (2.) The Projeftion of the 
 Tenia I is equal to its Height, and the upper 
 Fafcia, when the Architrave has two, proje6ls f 
 thereof. (3.) The Projeftion of the Cornice, is 
 (as 'tis in all the other Orders, the Dorick only ex- 
 cepted) equal to its own Height, Draw b f, e- 
 qual to the whole Projedion, which divide in 3 
 
 CKORDER. 3 
 
 equal Parts •, then i the firfl Part, terminates the 
 Fillet F, of the Caveto G. The firft Part termi- 
 nates the Ovolo E, the fecond Part the Corona D, 
 and the firft fixth Part of the laft Part, the Fillet C. 
 And thus this Order is compleated, and which be* 
 ing prafliced about half a dozen Times, will render 
 the underftanding of this and the following Order, 
 eafy and delightful. 
 
 II. 0/ D O R I C K O R D E R. 
 
 P R O B. I. To proportion the Heights of the princi- 
 pal Parts of the Dorick Order, Fig. I. PI. III. 
 
 Practice. Divide a k z given Height, in- 
 to 5 Parts (as before in the Tufcan) the lower i 
 Part i k, is the Height of the Pedeftal. Divide 
 ^ 2 the remaining 4 Parts in 5 Parts, the upper 
 I Part af IS the Entablature, and the lower 
 4 Parts, of the Column. Here you fee that the 
 Manner of proportioning the principal Parts of 
 the Tufcan and Dorick Orders, is the fame. 
 
 P R O B. II. To proportion the Heights of the princi- 
 pal Parts of the Dorick Pedeftal. Fig. II. PI. III. 
 
 Divide the Height in 4 Parts, give i and f to 
 the Bafe j \ the upper i to the Cornice, and the 
 Remains to the Dado. 
 
 PROB. III. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members on the Plinth, and of the Cornice of the 
 Dorick Pedeftal, Fig. II. Plate III. 
 
 (i.) Divide 0 q the Height of the Mouldings 
 on the Plinth, hi 8 Parts, give the lower i Part to 
 the Fillet K, the next 4 to the Cima I, and the upper 
 3, to an Aftragal H, and Fillet G ; or to a Fillet 
 and Caveto. (2.) Divide the Height of thq 
 Cornice in 2 Parts, ~ of the upper i, is the 
 Height of the Regula A and the Remainder, of 
 the Fafcia B. The upper Half of the lower i, is 
 the Height of the Ovolo C, and the lower Half 
 divided ing, give the upper i to the Fillet D, 
 and lower 2 to a Cima Inverfa, or Caveto E. 
 
 P R O B. I V. To determine the Projediions of the 
 Dado, Bafe, and Cornice of the Dorick Pedeftal : 
 Fig. II. Plate III. 
 
 Make u w the Projeaion of the Dado, equal 
 to i^y, which is the Height of the Plinth divided 
 
 in 
 
4 0/ //^^ D O R I 
 
 in ^ Parts, and \ of the upper Part divided in 3, 
 turned up. The Projeaion of the Pbnth and Cor- 
 nice before the Upright of the Dado, is (as be> 
 fore obferved in the 'Tufcan Order) always equal to 
 the Height of the Mouldings on the Plinth, which 
 here at m n, being divided in 4 Parts, the Pro- 
 icdions of the Members in the Cornice, and Bafe 
 are determined, as exhibited by the perpendicular 
 dotted Lines. 
 
 P R O B. V. To proporlion the Heights of the prin- 
 cipal Parts of the Dorick Column, Fig. I. PI. HI. 
 
 (i) Divide // the Height of the Column into 
 « Parts, and take i Part, for the Diameter of the 
 Column at its Bafe : Therefore note, that the 
 Height of the Borick Column is 8 Diameters. 
 (2.) The Height of the Dorick Bafe and Capital are 
 each Half a Diameter, as thofe of the Tufcan. 
 
 PR O B. VI. To proportion the Heights of the Bafe 
 of the Dovick Column. 
 
 Divide fh. Fig. II. Plate III. in 3 P^^s, the 
 lower I Part is the Height of the Plinth T, and 
 -5- of the Middle i, of the lower Torus S. Halt 
 t1ie upper I Part, is the Height of the upper To- 
 rus O, and the Remains between the two Torus s 
 being divided in 6 Parts, give the upper and lower, 
 to the two Fillets P and R, and the Middle 4 to 
 the Scotia a The Height of the Cincture N is 
 half of the Height if the upper Torus. 
 
 P R O B. VH. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Dorick Capital. 
 
 Divide a h the Height of the Capital, Fig. II. 
 Plate III. into 3 Parts, and \ the upper i, into 3 ; 
 g-ive the upper i to the Fillet A, the other 2 
 to the Cima reverfa B, and the other \ Part to 
 tlite Abacus C. Divide the Middle Part in 3, give 
 the upper 2 to the Ovolo D, and the other i to 
 an Aftragal and Fillet, or Fillet and Caveto or 
 Cima reverfa, or to three Annulets, at Pleafure. 
 The Height of the Hypotrachelium G, or r^eclv 
 of the Capital, is the lower i Part, and the Height 
 of the Aftragal t thereof, as before in the Tufcan. 
 The Shaft of this Column is diminiflied j at its 
 Aftragal in Manner aforefaid. 
 
 PR OB. VIII. To determine the Proje£lions of the 
 the Mmhersofthe Bafe of the Dontk Column. 
 
 CK ORDER. 
 
 (i.) Divide the Semidiameter / 3, in 3 Parts, 
 and turn out i Part from i to for the Projedion 
 of the Plinth, before the Upright of the Column. 
 (2) Divide the Projeftion k /, in 4 Parts, the firft 
 one and a half, terminates the Projeflion of the 
 Fillet R ; and 2 Parts and half, the Centre of the 
 upper Torus O, and Cindure M. 
 
 PR OB. IX. To defer ik the Scotia Q^at large, 
 as at g \ Plate III. 
 
 Divide its Height in 3 Parts, and fet one Part, 
 from the fecond Part towards the Right Hand j 
 then the Points * * are the Centers on which the 
 Scotia may be defcribed as required. 
 
 P R O B. X. To determine the Proje5lions of the Mem- 
 hers of the Dorick Gapital. Fig. II. Plate III. 
 
 Divide the Semidiameter of the Column at its 
 Aftragal on its Abacus, into 2 Parts, and turn 
 out I Part for the Projedion of the Abacus ; 
 which divide in 4 Parts, and terminate the Projec- 
 tions of the Members, as exhibited by the dotted 
 perpendicular Lines. The Projedion of the 
 Aftragal H I, is determined the fame, as that of 
 the Tufcan Order. 
 
 PROB. XT. To proportion the Heights of the 
 principal Parts of the Dorick EntaMature, Plate 
 IV. 
 
 Divide a h, the given Height into 8 equal 
 Parts, give 2 to the Architrave M N O P, 3 to 
 the Freeze L, and 3 to the Cornice. 
 
 PROB. XII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Memhen of the Dorick Jrchitrave. 
 
 Divide the upper one Part of the Architrave in 
 3, the upper i, is die Height of the Tenia M, 
 and the lower 2 Parts, divided in 3 Parts, the 
 upper I Part is the Height of the Fillet N, and the 
 next 3 Parts of the Gutta's or Drops O. 
 
 PROB. XIII. 7<? proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Dorick Cornice. 
 
 Divide the two upper Parts of the Height of 
 the Cornice into 3 Parts, and the upper i, in 4 
 Parts •, give the upper i to the Regula A, and 
 the other 3 tp the Caveto or Cima reda B. Di- 
 . vide 
 
Of the DORI 
 
 vide the hext Part in 3, give half the upper i to 
 the Fillet C, and the Remains to the Corona D. 
 Divide the third Part in 3, and the upper i thereof, 
 in 3 i of which, give the upper i to the Fillet E, 
 the other 2 to the Cima reverfa F and the Re- 
 fidue of this Part to G, the Fafcia of the Mutule 
 E F G. Divide the lower third Part of the Height 
 of the whole Cornice into 3 Parts, and give the 
 lower I to K, the Capping of the Triglyphs ; di- 
 vide the next 2, each into 3 •, give the lower i to 
 the Fillet I, and the next 4, to the Cvolo H, or to 
 Cvolo, with its Aftragal on the Fillet I. The 
 Height of the Freeze being in 3, divide the up- 
 per in 3, and the fecond will terminate the 
 Heights of the Channels in the Triglyphs ; as half 
 the middle i, doth, that of the Coffer or hollow 
 Pannel, in the Metope Q. 
 
 P R O B, XIV. 7<? determine the ProjeElures of the 
 Members^ in the Dorick Entablature. Plate IV. 
 
 (i.) As the Projeftion of the Cornice is equal 
 to half the Height of the whole Entablature, 
 therefore draw a Line from any Part of the Freeze, 
 sis c equal thereto, which divide in 4 Parts, and 
 the firft, third and laft, each into 3 Parts, from 
 whence determine the Projedion of every Mem- 
 ber as exprelTed by the perpendicular dotted Lines 
 which pafs through them from the Profile to the 
 Plan. 
 
 P R O B. XV. 7" 0 proportion a ^riglyphy and 
 Metope. 
 
 The Breadth of each Triglyph is always equal 
 to half the Diameter of the Column at its Bafe-, and 
 the Metope or Diftance between them, fnould al- 
 ways be equal to the Height of the Freeze. The 
 Breadth of each Triglyph being divided into 12 
 Parts, and Lines drawn, as the dotted Lines i, 2, 
 3, l^c. will form the Limits of the Channellings, 
 and fix Gutta's, or Drops, under them. As by 
 the Mutule S, 'tis evident, that the Projedion 
 is very confiderable, I have therefore added the 
 Plan of the Planceer of the Cornice, wherein V V V 
 reprefents the under Surface of the Mutules, as 
 they are generally enriched with their 36 Drops, 
 commonly called Bells, and XX are hollow Pan- 
 nels, or Coffers, enriched with Rofes By the 
 perpendicular dotted Lines, 'tis evident, that the 
 Diftances of the Members in the Plan, are equal 
 to their refpedive Projedions in the Profile. 
 
 CK ORDER. 5 
 
 Fig. W exhibits two Methods for fluting the 
 Shafts of Dorick Columns «, that on the Right 
 hand has no Fillets, as was anciently pradiced, 
 and which contain 20 in Number ; the Flutings 
 on the Left, are after the modern Manner, and 
 contain 24 in Number. 
 
 PRQB. XVL ro divide the Flutes of the Tionck 
 Shafts after the antient Manner. 
 
 Divide the Circumference of the Column into 
 20 equal Parts, and draw the Chord Line of each 
 Part, on every of which, complete an equilateral 
 Triangle ; then on the Out-Angle of every Tri- 
 angle, with the Radius of one Side, delcribe t'..c 
 Curve of each Flute. 
 
 P R O B. XVII. To divide the Flutes and Fillets of 
 the Dorick Shaft after the modern Manner. 
 
 (i.) Divide the Circumference of the Column 
 into 20, but by fome 'tis divided into 24 Parts. 
 {^) Divide any one Part into 6 Parts, and with a 
 Radius of 3 of thofe Parts, on every of the 20, 
 or 24 Points defcribe the Flutes, which will leave 
 between them the Fillets required. 
 
 m. Of the IONIC ORDER. 
 
 P R O B. I. To proportion the Heights of the princi- 
 pal Parts of the lonick Order ^ Fig. I. Plate V. 
 
 Practice, (i.) Divide ^ /, a given Height, 
 into 5 Parts, and give the lower i, to the Pedeftal, 
 , as in the preceding Orders. (2.) Divide ag the 
 Remainder, into 6 Parts, the upper \ Part ad \% 
 the Height of the Entablature, and dg the lower 
 5 Parts, of the Column. 
 
 P R O B. II. To proportion the Heights of the prin- 
 cipal Farts of the lonick Pedejialy Fig. II. Plate V , 
 
 Divide the given Height in 4 equal Parts, giva 
 the lower i to the Phnth N one third of the next 
 to the Mouldings on the Plinth, including the 
 Hollow on the Aflragal, when ufed inilead o^ 
 a Caveto, (as is fometimes done) ; half the upper 
 I to the Cornice y a, and the Remains to the 
 Dado ab. 
 
 C PROS. 
 
Of the I O N I C K O R D E R. 
 
 P R O B. III. To prof onion the Heights of the 
 Members on the Plinth ; and of the Cornice of the 
 lomzk Pedejlal, Fig. II. Plate V. 
 
 (0 Divide the Height of the Mouldings on 
 the Bafe into 8 Parts give the lower i to the Fillet 
 M, the next 4 to the Cima redla L the next i and 
 a half, to the Aftragal K ; half the next i to the 
 Fillet I, and the remaining i and a half to a Cave- 
 to, or Hollow as H. (2.) Divide y a, the Height 
 of the Cornice into 3 Parts, and each Part into 4 
 Parts, then the Whole is in 12 Parts ; give the 
 upper I to the Regiila A the next 2 to the Ca- 
 veto, or Cima reverfa B the next 3 Parts to the 
 Fafcia or Platband C the next 3 to the Cima 
 refta D, (whic|i is often made an Ovolo,) ; the 
 next I to the Aftragal E, and the remaining 2 to 
 a Caveto, or Cima reverfa, as F. 
 
 PR OB. IV. To determine the VrojeBions of the 
 Dado, Bafe and Cornice of the lonick Pedeflal, 
 Fig. II. Plate V. 
 
 (i.) Divide the Height of the Plinth into three 
 Parts, the upper i into 9, and the upper i of the 
 9 into 3 •, from the firft of which draw the Line 
 /f, cutting the central Line in c ; make xd 
 the Projeftion of the Dado, equal to c z. (2.) 
 Make g f equal to one third of the Plinth's Height, 
 for the Projeflion of the Plinth and Cornice before 
 the Dado. (3.) In any Place againft the Dado, 
 as at J, draw the Line r j, equal to f g -y which 
 divide in 4 Parts ; fubdivide them again as by In- 
 fpedlion is fhewn, and terminate every Member as 
 exprefTed by the perpendicular dotted Lines pro- 
 ceeding from thence. 
 
 F R O B. V. To proportion the Heights of the prin- 
 cipal Parts of the lonick Column. 
 
 Divide dg. Fig. L Plate V. into 9 Parts, and 
 take I Part for the Diameter of the Column at its 
 Bafe. The Height of the Bafe is half a Diameter, 
 as alfo is the Height of the Capital, including the 
 Height of its Volute. 
 
 P R O B. VI. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Bafe of the lonick Column: 
 
 Divide op, the ^ven Height (Fig. II. PI. V.) 
 in 3 Parts i the lower is the Height of tlie 
 
 Plinth S. Divide the upper 2 Parts in 9, the 
 firfl 3 Pares is the Height of the lower Torus R j 
 two thirds -'of the next Part, of the Fillet Q^; 
 the upperftioft two and half, of the upper Torus 
 N ; which is made with a Bead under it, the half 
 Part is given to the Bead, and but 2 to the To- 
 rus. The remaining half Part is given to the Fillet 
 O. The-* Height of the Aflragal with its Fillet, 
 when ufed on the upper Torus, is equal to half 
 the Height of the upper Torus, but when a Cinc- 
 ture only is placed there, its Height is two fifths 
 of the upper Torus. 
 
 PR OB. VII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the lonick Capital, Fig. II. Plate V. 
 
 (i) Difide v the given Height into three 
 Parts, an^ihalf the upper i into 4 Parts, then the 
 upper 3 Parts, is the Height of the Ovolo A, of 
 the Abacus ; and the lower i of the Fillet -B. 
 (2.) Divide w w, equal to f of v, in 8 Parts ^ 
 give the upper i and a half to the Caveto C the 
 next half to the Fillet D ; the next 2 to the Ovo- 
 lo E ; the next i to the Aflragal F, and the next 
 half to its Fillet G then the remaining two 
 halfs will be tht Dispth that the Volutes will dc- 
 fcend. The Shaft of this Column is diminifhed 
 at its Aflragal, one fixth of its Diameter at the 
 Bafe. 
 
 PROB. VIII. To determine the Proje5lures of the 
 Members of the Bdfe of the lonick Capital, Fig. II. 
 Plate V. \ 
 
 (i.) Divide the Semidiameter 1 jy in 3 Parts, 
 and turn out i Part, for the Prqjeflion of the 
 Phnth S, and Torus R. (2.) Divide the Projec- 
 tion of the Plinth before the Upright of the Co- 
 lumh into three Parts,, the firfl i terminates the Cen- 
 tre of the lower Torus, and the fecond of the 
 Cindlure L, divide the middle Part in 4, half the 
 firfl I terminates the Fillet Qj^ and half the lafl, 
 the Fillet O. The Scotia P is defcribed at large„ 
 as in Fig. III. 
 
 P R O B. IX. To determine the Prcje5lures of the 
 Members of /^^ lonick Capital, Fig. II. PI. VI. 
 
 Place the Diameter of the Column at its Bafe 
 divided into 60 Minutes, as is done between 
 F and E, and continue it 1 5 Minutes both ways 
 ta Y aad Z. This done,,. Jet 45 Minutes oa 
 
 - eacli 
 
Of . the I O N I C K ORDER. 7 
 
 each Side the central Line which terminates the O- ing their Breadths forefhorten'd by being ieen in an 
 
 voto A, in Plate V". Alfo fet 40, Minutes on each obhqne View-, and therefore when we make a 
 
 Side for the PFojeftion of the Fillet B ; 38 for the Drawing of this Capital, the Volutes muft be made 
 
 Projedion of theCaveto C, and 35 for the Ovolo elliptical, as in Fig. 11. Plate VIII. 
 E. The Prqjedion of the Fillet G, is its own 
 
 Height and t wo thirds thereof, ovei" which the A- P R O B. XI. Tt? divide the Flutes and Fillets of a 
 ftragal projects half its own Height; The next round or Jquare lomck. Column^ Fig. III. Plate- 
 Thing in order to complete this Capital,, is to de- VIII. 
 fcribe its Volutes as following. 
 
 Firft, Of a round Column, as the Quarter Part 
 M K I ; divide the Circumference of the Pillar into 
 
 P R O B. To defcribe the lonick Volute, 24 equal Parts, and each Part into 8 Parts ; with 
 
 Plate VII. the Radius of 3 of thofe 8 Parts, on every of the 
 
 , 24 Parts, defcribe the Flutes, as before done in 
 
 (i.) Divide ^ X, a given Height of a Capital the Dorick Ordtv. 
 
 into 3 Parts, and the upper i Part in 2 Parts at r. Secondly, Of a fquare Column, as the Quarter 
 
 and proceed to complete all the Members as Part K A L ; divide each Semidiameter, or each 
 
 taught in the laft Problem. (2 J On p the Cen- 5idc of the Column, into 31 Parts, give 6 to each 
 
 tcr of the Aftragal defcribe the Circle r 0 x ^ for Flute, 2, to each Fillet and Bead at the Angle?, 
 
 the Eye of the Volute, through whofe Cenjjer p, when the Semidiameters are divided into 3 1 Parts ; 
 
 draw the perpendicular Line n ap-q.^^ alfo the and 3 to eachFlute, and i to each Fillet, and Bead, 
 
 horizontal Line r p s, at right Angles thereto ; at the Angles, when a Side of the Column is di- 
 
 and complete the Geometrical, Sqtiares . r i? ;^ ^ ; vided in the fame Number of Parts. On the 
 
 whofe Sides divide each in two* equal Parts at Right Hand, at the lower Angle of Plate VIII, 
 
 the Points 2, tV%, 4, and draw the Dianieters 2, 4; I have defcribed the Bead A at large, by which 
 
 and 1,3-, (3.) Divide each Semidiameter into 3 the young Student may fee that 'tis no more, 
 
 equal Parts, at the Po;nts,6, 10 •, 5, 9 *, u, 7 •, than three fourths of a Circle infcribed in a geome- 
 
 and 12, 8-, then the Poiftts"' :i;.2^3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 trical Square. 
 
 11 12, are 12 Centei-s on which -the Out-line of As the Ovolo of this Capital is generally enrich^ 
 the Volute is defcribed 1; for the Point i is the ed with Eggs and Darts, commonly called Anchors^, 
 Center of the Arch n'M^t\i^ Point 2, of the Arch 1 fliall therefore fhew at Urge, the manner of de- 
 he-, the Point 3, of t|e Arch^^ i the Point 4 of fcribing them. 
 
 the Arch g h the Foint 5, ;pf the Arch h &c. 
 
 (3.) Divide W Z in 4 Parts ^''the upper i equal P R O B. XII. To dtfcrihe Eggs and Darts' for thf 
 
 to na, is the Breadth of the Lift ; which divide in Enrichment of an Ovolo, Fig. I. Plate VllL 
 
 12 Parts, of which make b e equal to 11 ; e d 
 
 equal to 10 g f equal to 9 h i equal to 8 •, >^ / Firft, To proportion their Difiances. 
 
 equal to 7, i^c. ftill diminifhing i at every Qiiar- Divide the Height into 9 Parts, and at the Di- 
 
 ter. This done divide the Diftance between every ftancc of 7 of thpfe Parts, draw the central Lines 
 
 two Centers, as betv/een 2 and 6 i and 5, i^c. of the Eggs and Darts. 
 
 into 5 Parts, and the 12 outermoft^ ones will be the Secondly, To defcribe an Egg, as Fig, B.. 
 12 Centers, on which the inward Line of tlie .Lift • The Height of the central Line being divided 
 may be defcribed, which from the Point ,a will in p Parts, with a Radius equal to 3 Parts, on tlie 
 pafs through the Vomts. -c d f i I, &c. and com^ Point 6, the third Part from the Top, defcribe 
 plete the Volute as required. a Semicircle. On tile Point 3, the third Point 
 To make the lonick Volute well underftood, I. from the Bottom, with a Radius of 2 Parts, de- 
 have given the Plan of a Quarter Part of its "Capi- fcribe an entire Circle. Draw down> the Lines 
 tal. Fig, III. Plate VIII. wherein obferve ; that 4. a, ^ a, each equal to 3 Parts, and througli the 
 as the Volutes are placed anglewife, or rather dia- Point 3, draw the Lines a b and a c. On. the 
 gonally therefore when we ftand direftly before Points a a, with the Radius n b, defcribe die Side 
 a Co'umrj, though they are really- circular, as in Curves, wliieli will complete die Egg, as requi-> 
 Fkte VII,. yet diey will appear elliptical j as hav- red,. 
 
 Thirdly?. 
 
8 Of the IONIC 
 
 Thirdly, "to defcribe the inward Curve of the 
 Husk^ Fig. C. 
 
 Draw the Lines 4 4 ^ as before, but make 
 each equal to 2 Parts. Through the Point d^ 
 which is the Midft between the Points 3 and 4, 
 draw the Lines a b and ^ <r of Length at Flea- 
 fure. On d with the Radius of 3 Parts defcribe 
 the Arch b c, and on the Points a with the 
 Radius a b, defcribe the Arches b a ^ and c a /[^ 
 which compleats the inward Line as required. 
 
 Fourthly, defcribe the cutward Line of the 
 Hush., Fig. D. 
 
 Draw 3 ^, 3 ^ each i Part in Length, and 
 through the Point ^, which is the Midft between 
 the Points 4 and 5, draw the Lines ab and 
 ab of Length at Pleafure. On the Point b 
 with a Radius equal to 4 Parts and an half de- 
 fcribe the Arch c d. On the Points a with the 
 Radius a c, defcribe the upper Side Curves, which 
 completes the Out-curve as required. 
 
 Fifthly, f 0 defcribe a Dart. 
 
 Divide one Part on each Side its central Line in 
 2 Parts, and from the angular Point of the Dart, 
 draw the interior Lines ; let 2 Parts up from the 
 angular Point, and from that Point, draw Lines 
 to 14 Parts Diftance on the Top Line alfo from 
 the angular Point draw Lines up to 7 Parts on 
 each Side its central Line. Then draw Lines 
 from the angular Point to i Part on each Side its 
 central Line, will complete a Dart as required. 
 Fig. A reprefents the Lines of all thefe laft Four 
 Operations, compriz'd in one. 
 
 PROB. XIII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 principal Parts of the lonick Entablature, Plate 
 VI. 
 
 Divide the Height a e into 10 Parts, give 3 to 
 the Architrave, 3 to the Freeze, and 4 to the 
 Cornice. 
 
 PROB. XIV. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the lonick Architrave, Plate VI. 
 
 Divide df the Height, in 4 Parts •, the firft 
 one is the Height of the lower Fafcia R, and one 
 third of the next Part of the Cima reverfa Q. ; 
 divide the upper Part in 3, give the upper third 
 Part to the Tenia N, and the other 2 Parts to the 
 Cima reverfa, or Caveto O. The remaining one 
 Part and two thirds is the Height of the upper 
 Fafcia P. 
 
 K O R D E R. 
 
 PROB, XV. To proper t ion the Heights of the 
 Members in the lonick Cornice, Plate VI. 
 
 (i.) The Heig^it being in 4 Parts, divide the 
 upper I in 4, and when the Cima reda B, has no 
 Aftragal under it, give the upper i to the Re- 
 gula A, and % and two thirds to the Cima ; but 
 if an Aftragal be introduced under the Cima, then 
 give half the upper i to the Regula A •, the next 
 2 and an half to the Cima re6la B, and remaining 
 two thirds of i to the Aftragal on the Fillet C. 
 (2.) Divide the fecond i Part in 4 •, give the up- 
 per I to the Cima reverfa D, and the lower 3 to 
 the Corona E. (3.) Divide the third i, from 
 the Top in 4, and the upper i thereof in 4 ; of 
 which give the upper i to the Fillet F, and the 
 other 3 to the Cima reverfa G. The Depth of 
 the Face of the Modillion is two Parts and an half. 
 (4.) Divide the lower fourth Part in 2 Parts, and 
 give the upper i to the Ovolo I : And the lower i 
 divided in 5, give the upper i to the Fillet K, and 
 other 4 ta a Caveto or Cima reverfa, L. 
 
 PROB. XVI. To determine the Proje5lions of the 
 Members of the lonick Architrave and Freeze. 
 
 (i.) The Projedion of the Tenia is equal to 
 one fourth of the Height of the whole Archi- 
 trave ; and the great Fafcia P, to one third there • 
 of (2.) The Projedion of the Freeze is equal ot 
 that of the Architrave. 
 
 PROB. XVII. To determine the Projections of the 
 Members of the lonick Cornice. 
 
 The ProjecT:'on of the whole Cornice is always 
 equal to its whole Height, and its particular Mem- 
 bers have their Projeftions determined as follows, 
 viz. draw a Line as iv x, equal to the Projeaion 
 of the whole Cornice, which divide in 4 Parts 
 fubdivide them again, and terminate each Mem- 
 ber as exhibited by the dotted perpendicular Lines, 
 which pafs through the Divifions from the Profile 
 to the Plan, or Planceer of the Cornice. 
 
 PROB. XVIII. To defcribe the under Curvature 
 of an lonick Modillion at large. Fig. V. Plate 
 XII. 
 
 The Projedion being found, as in the laft Pro- 
 blem, which fuppofe to be r», or x 6 i divide it 
 
 in 
 
Of the CORINT 
 
 HI 6 Parts. On the Point erea the Perpen- 
 dicular w V, equal to i Part, and on the Point 
 2, defcribe the Arch i v on the Point 5, ered 
 the Perpendicular 5 s, equal to 2 Parts and an 
 half; make v z equal to 5 s, and draw the 
 Line s z. On the Points s and z, with the Di- 
 ftance s 5, defcribe the compound Curve v 5, 
 which completes the Curve of its Planceer. The 
 Breadth of the Face of a Modillion, is 10 Mi- 
 nutes, or one fixth Part of the Diameter of the 
 Column at its Bafe. The Interval or Diftance 
 between them in a Cornice over Columns, is 25 
 Minutes, or | of a Semidiameter : But in a Cor- 
 nice over Pillafters, which are not diminilhed, the 
 Interval muft be 30 Minutes or a Semidiame- 
 ter, precifely. In the Plan of the Cornice 
 Plate VI. S S, &c. reprefents the Planceers of 
 the Modillions and T T, ^c. the Coffers or 
 hollow Pannels enriched with Rofcs in the In- 
 tervals. 
 
 IV. Of the CORINTHIAN ORDER. 
 
 P R O B. I. To proportion the Heights of the prin- 
 cipal Parts of the Corindiian Order. Fig. I. 
 Plate IX. 
 
 Practice, (r.) Divide the given Height as 
 ck in 5 Parts ; and give the lower i Part i k, 
 to the Height of the Pedeftal. (2.) Divide c i, 
 the remaining 4 Parts, in 6 Parts •, the upper i 
 cd, is the Height of the Entablature, and/i the 
 lower 5> of the Column. 
 
 PR OB. II. To proportion the Heights of the 
 principal Parts of the Corinthian Pedejlal. Fi- 
 gure II. Plate IX. 
 
 Divide 0 t the given Height in 4 Parts ; give 
 the lower i to the Height of the Plinth •, one third 
 of the next Part to the Height of the Members on 
 the Plinth and half the upper i, to the Height 
 of the Cornice. 
 
 PR OB. III. ^fe proportion the Height of^ the 
 Members on the Plinth^ and of the Cornice of 
 the Corinthian Pedeftal Fig. II. Plate IX. 
 
 (I.) Divide rs the Height in tv/o Parts, and 
 the two upper halves of each, in 3 Parts give 
 the lower half of the firft i Part to the Height 
 
 HIANORDER. 9 
 
 of the Torus O, and one third of the next half 
 to the Fillet N •, give the upper two thirds of the 
 upper half, of the upper Part, to the Caveto K, 
 and the other third Part, being divided in three 
 Parts, give i to the Fillet, and 2 to the Aftra- 
 gal L. (2) Divide d e the Height of the Cor- 
 nice in 3 Parts, and the upper i in 6 Parts ; of 
 which, give the upper i and one third, to the 
 Height of the Regula A ; the next two Parts 
 and two thirds to the Height of the Cima re- 
 verfa B, and the next i Part to the Height of 
 the Aftragal C ; divide the Middle Part in 2, 
 and give the upper i to the Height of the Fafcia 
 or Platband D \ and the lower i thereof divided 
 in 3, give the upper i to the Fillet E. Di-- 
 vide the lower i Part into 2 Parts, and the lower 
 I Part thereof in 3 Parts j of which give the up- 
 per I, to the Height of the Aftragal G •, half the 
 next Part, to its Fillet j and die Remainder to the 
 Caveto H. 
 
 PROB. IV. To determine the ProjeSfions of the 
 Dado, Bafe and Cornice of the Coi inthiaa ■Ptf- 
 dejlal. Fig. II. Plate IX. 
 
 (i.) Divide st the Height of the Plinth in 
 nine Parts, and make b a the Projedion of 
 the Dado, equal to eight Parts. (2,) Make y w 
 the Projefbion of the Plinth, and of the Cornice^ 
 equal to ;^ ^ the Height of the Members on the 
 Plinth ; and at any Place againft the Dado, as 
 at draw the Lines p q, equal to wy i which 
 divide in 4 Parts, and fubdivide them again, in 
 thirds, as exhibited •, from whence determine the 
 Projections of the Members on the Plinth, and 
 of the Cornice, as by Infpedion is (hewn, by the 
 perpendicular dotted Lines proceeding from 
 thence. 
 
 PROB. V. To proportion the Heights of the 
 principal Parts of the Corinthian Column. Fi- 
 gure I. Plate IX. 
 
 Divide di the given Height, into 10 Parts, 
 and take i, for the Diameter of the Column at 
 its Bafe. The Height of the Bafe hi, is [alfa 
 Diameter ; and of the Capital df, one Diameter 
 and one fixth 
 
 E PRQB. 
 
Of the CORINTHIAN ORDER. 
 
 10 
 
 P ROB. VI. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Bafe^ of the Corinthian Column. 
 Fig. II. Plate IX. 
 
 Height 
 
 (..) 
 
 Parts, 
 
 Divide m n 
 the lower 
 
 I IS 
 
 the given Hei^ in three 
 the Height of ^l>e Phnch. 
 (2.) Divide the Middle i, in 5 Parts, and the 
 fourth Part thereof, in 3 Parts ; give the upper i 
 Part thereof, to the Height of the Fillet F, the 
 other two Parts, to the Aftragal G ; and the Re- 
 mains of the Middle 'Part, to the Heiglit of the 
 lower Torus, H. (3.) Divide the upper i Part 
 in 5 i and the fecond and third Parts thereof, 
 each in 3 Parts ; give the upper third Part, of 
 the fecond fifth Part, to the Fillet under the A- 
 ftragal D ; the next two Parts to the Aftragal D, 
 and the Remains upward, to the Torus C. The 
 Height of the Aftragal B and Cinfture A, is e- 
 qual to half the Height of the upper Torus, which 
 divide in 3, and give i to the Cinfture and 2 to 
 tlie Aftragal. The Scotia E is defcribed at large. 
 Fig. III. as. follows. Divide the Height a f in 
 y Parts, through the third Part, draw dh-, make 
 7 h, ' equal tO fg, and b c equal to b g; and 
 from f, to the Point 7, draw the Line eye. On 
 the Point 7, defcribe the Arch a d e \ and on the 
 Point r, the Arch e g^ which completes the Scotia. 
 
 Note^ The Scotia of the 7(?»/V/^' Bafe, is beft de- 
 fcribed by this Method. 
 
 P R O B. VII. To determine the Projections of the 
 Members' of the Bafe of the Corinthian Column. 
 Fig. 11. Plate IX. 
 
 (i.) Divide the Semidiameter in 3 Parts, and 
 turn out I Part, for the Proje(5tion of the Plinth 
 and lower Torus. (2.) Divide the Projedion of 
 the Plinth before the Upright of the Shaft, into 
 5 Parts • then one Part' and an half terminates 
 the Projedion of the Aftragal G, and f of the 
 next \ of the Fillet F. The 3d Part terminates 
 the Fillet under the Aftragal D, and the Aftragal B 
 and 3 Parts and an half, terminates the Cindure A. 
 
 PR OB. VIII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Qannti-iim. Capital. Plate X. 
 
 Divide a h, the given PI eight into 7 Parts 
 or 70 Minutes, ('each Part being fuppofed to be di- 
 vided in 10 Parts, which are Minutes. Then, 
 to the Height of the firft Range of Leaves, give 
 20 Minutes, to the fecond^ 40 .Minutes to 
 tlie thirds 50 Minutes and up to die Abacus 
 
 of the Abacus 
 to the Caveto g^ 
 
 60 Minutes. Divide the 
 in 2 Parts give the lower i 
 one fixth of the upper half to the Fillet e j and the 
 Remains is the Height of the Ovolo d. The 
 Height of the Aftragal h k, is 5 Minutes, which 
 divide in 3, give 1 to the Fillet b, and 2 to the 
 Aftragal a. 
 
 P RO B. IX. To determine the Proje^ions of the 
 Members of the Corinthian Capital. Plate X. 
 
 The better to explain this Capital, I have gi- 
 ven a Quarter Part of its Plan, in two different 
 Manners ; as I have already done, of the lonick 
 Capital, viz. the one, of the fourth Part of a 
 round Column ; the other, of the like Part of a 
 fquare Column ; By which the Manner and 
 Reafons of determining the Projedions of the 
 Members in the Profile, may the better be un- 
 derftood. To effed which, draw the Diameter 
 of the Column at its Bafe, equally on each Side the 
 central Line of the Capital ; divide it in 60 Mi- 
 nutes, aEid continue out the fame, 1 5 Mimites 
 on each Side, as before done in the lonick Order. 
 As the Shaft of this Column is diminiftied one 
 fixth of its Diameter at its Bafe, therefore from the 
 fifth, and fifty-fifth Minutes in the Diameter, draw 
 the Out-lines of the upper Part of the Shaft next 
 the Aftragal, and complete • the Projedion of the 
 Aftragal, which is 5 Minutes, and its Fillet 
 two thirds thereof. On any Part of the central 
 Line as at A, with a Radius equal to 25 Mi- 
 nutes, defcribe a Quadrarrf, which divide in 4. 
 equal Parts, and from the three inward Divi- 
 fions, draw Lines parallel to the central Line, 
 as thofe dotted Lines on the Left Hand Side,, 
 which are the central Lines of the Leaves. Now 
 the Diftances and Heights of the Leaves being 
 thus determined proceed next to determine the 
 Projedion of the Abacus, as follows, wz. Make 
 the Projedion of its Ovolo J, equal to 45 Minutes, 
 its Fillet ^, 42 Minutes and an half, and its Ca- 
 veto /, 40 Mjnutes. Laftly, From the Extrcam 
 of the Abacus, to a the Extream of tlie Aftragal 
 draw a Line : as that dotted, which terminates, 
 the Proje-dion of tlie Leaves^ in tire Middle. 
 Range and make tliQ Projedions of every o- 
 ther particular Part, as exprcfied by the dotted 
 Parallels, proceeding from both ProfBes, through 
 the Scale of Minutes to the two Plans - whkrli 
 being very plain to Infpedion need no fur^ 
 thei: Explanation-. The. is' umber of Flutes and. 
 
 Fillets, 
 
0/ C O R I N T I 
 
 Fillets in the Shaft of this Column, are the fame 
 as thofe in the lonkk. 
 
 P R O B. X. To proportm the Heights of the 
 principal Parts of the Corinthian Entablature. 
 Plate XI. 
 
 Divide the Height ah, in lo Parts, give 3 to 
 ihe Architrave ; 3 to the Freeze •, and 4 to the 
 Cornice. 
 
 P R O B. XI. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Corinthian Architrave. PI. XI. 
 
 Divide e f the given Height in 5 Parts, and 
 the lower i in 4 ; of which give the lower 3 to 
 the firfl: Fafcia, and the upper one, to its Bead . 
 The fecond Part of the Architrave's Height, is 
 the Height of the fecond Fafcia, and one fourth 
 of the third Part, is the Height of its Cinia. 
 The remaining three fourths of the third Part, 
 and three fourths of the fourth Part, is the Height 
 of the upper Fafcia •, and the next one fourth 
 Part of its Bead. The fifth or upper Part be- 
 ing divided in 4 Parts, and the third Part up- 
 wards thereof divided in 3, give the upper 4th 
 Part, and one third of the next, to the Height 
 of the Tenia ; and the remaining two thirds and 
 2 Parts, to the Height of the Cima revci la. 
 
 PR OB. XII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Corinthian Cornice. Plate XL 
 
 (i.) Divide cd the given Height in 5 Parts, 
 and the upper i Part in 4, of which give the 
 upper I to the Regula : one third of the Jower i 
 to the Fillet under the Cima refta, and the Re- 
 mains, to the Cima recla. (2.) Divide the 4th 
 Part in 4 ; give the upper i to the Cima i-cver- 
 fli •, and the lower 3 to the Corona. (3.} Di- 
 vide the third Part in 4, and its upper i in 4 ; 
 of which give the upper i to the Fillet,, and the 
 lower 3, to the Cima reverfa, v/hich make the 
 Capping of the Modilhons, whofe Depth termi- 
 nates at half the firft Part. (4.) Divide the fe- 
 cund Part in 3, and the Middle i thereof in 3 ; 
 of which give the firft Pait to the Fillet over the 
 Dcntulcs, and the remaining Part upwards to the 
 Cvolo, under the Modillions. (^.) Give half 
 the lower i in the fecond Part, to the tieight of 
 the Fillet, on which the Dentules are placed : 
 l^aftly. The fiiff Part cfivided in 3 > the upper i 
 
 IIAN ORDER. II 
 
 terminates the Depth of the Dentules the next 
 one third, of the Middle third Part, the Depth 
 of the Denticule j and the remaining i Part and 
 two thircls is the Height of the Cima reverfa, of 
 the Bed Mould. 
 
 PR OB. XIII. To determine the Proje^ions of 
 the Members in the Corinthian Architrave. PI, 
 XI. 
 
 The Proje6lion of the Tenia, is equal to i fifth 
 and one fourth of a fifth of the Architrave's 
 whole Height. The Projeftion of the Tenia, 
 divided in 5, the firft 2, terminates the Pro^ 
 jeftion of the upper Fafcia and three fourths of 
 the firft Part terminates the Prcije6lion of the fe- 
 cond Fafcia. 
 
 PROB. XIV. lo determine the Proje^ions cf ths: 
 Members in the Corinthian Cornice. Plate XI. 
 
 The Projedion of the entire Cornice, is equal 
 to the whole Height, a$ exprefied by ■ the Arch 
 g k. At any Place againft the Freeze, as at -/, 
 draw a right Line, as / m, equal to i the 
 whole Projedion. Divide I m m 4. Parts, fubdi- 
 vidc them again, and terminate each^Memba-, 
 as exhibited by the dotted perpendicular Lines^ 
 which pals through the Divilions from the Pro- 
 file to the Plan, or Planceer of the Cornice- 
 
 PROB. XV. To defcrihe the Connt\\mn Modil- 
 lion nt large. Fig. I. Plate XII. 
 
 The Breadth of a Modiliion is equal to one 
 fixth of the Diameter., or 10 Minutes, and the 
 Interval or Dilbince between tliem in a Cornice 
 over Columns is 25 Minutes-, but in a Cornice 
 over Pilafters, undiniiniflied, .t;he Interval is 30 
 Minutes : And ther^.iore the Diftance between the*- 
 central Lines of Modillions in the firft, rauft be. 
 35 Minutes, and jLp Minutes in the lafl. 
 
 As the Breadth of a Modillion in Front, .^3 
 Fig. A. Plate XIT, is thus determined \ and a3 
 the Height and Projedure of its Profile, is de- 
 termined in trie laft Problem, it therefore now 
 only remains to fiiew. How to prc>|ooition' ths 
 Parts into which they are divided, as follows : 
 
 L Te proportion the Parts in the Front of /?• Co- 
 rinthian Mcdiliion. Fig. A. 
 
 Divide the Breadth of the F;ont ia S, Parts, 
 
12 Of the CORlNTt 
 
 and give the outer i Parts» to the Fillets as 
 C B, i^c. Divide the laft half of the fourth 
 Part, and firft half of the fifth Part, each into 
 4 Parts give the two outer i Parts thereof to 
 the Fillets, and the Middle 6 Parts, to the A- 
 ftragal A. 
 
 n. I'd proportion the Parts in the Profile of the 
 Corinthian Modillion. Fig. I. Plate XII. 
 
 Divide its Height in 8 Parts, and fet feven of 
 thofe Parts from y to p. From the third Part 
 from /), draw the perpendicular Line c e^ which 
 interfed by a horizontal Line, drawn from 4 Parts 
 and an half, reckoned upwards in the Height of 
 the Modillion and the Point of Interfeftion is the 
 Center of the Eye of the Volute, whofe Diame- 
 ter is equal to i Part. Within the Circle of the 
 Eye, infcribe a geometrical Square as in Fig, II, 
 and therein j infcribe another, as 4, 3, i, 2, 
 whofe Diagonals divide in 4 Parts at the Points 
 8, 7, 5, 6. Then the Points i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 
 8, are the Centers on which the large Volute is 
 defcribed. The Height k i of the fmall Volute 
 
 is equal to half the Height of the Modillion 
 which divide in 8 Parts ; and then fetting 7 of 
 thofc Parrs from k to /, proceed in every Refpe£l: 
 to defcribe that Volute, as you did the other. 
 
 To join thefe Volutes, draw the Line a c \ bi- 
 fe£t it in h ; and again at h and d •, on which 
 Points erefl the Perpendiculars, h f and d e cut- 
 ting the Perpendiculars e f and c e m the Points 
 / and ^, which are the Centers, on which the 
 Curve ab c \s defcribed. In the fame Manner 
 the Under-curve is defcribed, whofe Center is 
 the Pointy-. 
 
 Fig. III. repfefents the Planceer of the Mo- 
 dillion ; whofe Breadth is equal to that, in Front, 
 Fig. A, and Length to the Profile, Fig. I. 
 
 Divide the Side e 5, Fig. III. in 5 Parts 
 then I Part, is the Breadth of the Margin, about 
 the Coffer Fig. IV •, and half of i Part, equal to 
 I h. Fig. IV ; is the Projeftion of the Ovolo with 
 its Fillet, that encompafles the Coffer. Make / m 
 equal to / /, and draw m n, which determines 
 the Diameter of the central Enrichment ; which 
 may be, any Kind of circular Flower at Plea- 
 fure. 
 
 PR OB. XVI. To defcribe the Dentules at large, 
 as in the lower left Angle <?/ Plate XI. 
 
 Divide the Height of the Denticule (which is 
 
 uaN order. 
 
 the Surface againft which the Dentules are f?xM, 
 when made in Wood) in 8 Parts, and give i to 
 the Fillet, and 6 to the Depth of the Dentules j 
 which laft divide in 3 Parts and give 2 to the 
 Breadth of a Dentule, and i to the Breadth of 
 an Interval. The Depth of the Fillet, or Eyc- 
 Dentule between, is one fourth of the Depth of 
 a Dentule. 
 
 By the fcveral dotted, parallel Lines, proceeding 
 from the Profile, to the Plan, the Conftrudion 
 of the Plan, is plain •, and what has been faid be- 
 fore, concerning the Planceer of the Modillion, and 
 Coffer in Plate XII, is herein further exemplified, by 
 the fevcral Planccers, and Coffers between them ; 
 of the Modillions and their Intervals in the Profile 
 above. 
 
 V. Of the COMPOSITE ORDER. 
 
 PROB. I. To proportion the Heights of the prin- 
 cipal Parts of the Compofite Order, Fig. I. 
 Plate XIII. 
 
 (i.) Divide b the given Height in five 
 Parts, and give the lower i, h m-, to the Height 
 of the Pcdeftal. 
 
 (2.) Divide b h, the remaining 4 Parts, into 
 5 Parts V give b e the upper i, to the Height 
 of the Entablature •, and e h, the lower 4, to the 
 Height of the Column. 
 
 P R O B. II. To proportion the Heights of the prin- 
 cipal Parts of the Compofite Pedejlal. Fig. IL 
 Plate XIII. 
 
 Divide the given Height r q into 4 Parts ; give 
 the lower i, to the Height of the PHnth •, one third 
 of the fecond, to the Height of theMouldings on the 
 Plinth ; and half the upper i, to the Height of the 
 Cornice. 
 
 PROB. III. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members on the Plinth^ and of the Ccrnice^ of the 
 Compofite Pedeftal Fig. II. Plate XIII. 
 
 (i.) Divide e /, the Height of the Mould- 
 ings on the Bafe, into 4 Parts : Give the low- 
 er I to the Torus N, and one third of the next, 
 to the Fillet M divide the upper i in 3 ; give 
 the upper 2 thereof, to the Caveto I ; and the 
 ether I, to the Fillet K. The remaining one 
 
 fourth 
 
Of the COMPOS 
 
 foiirtH Part and two thirds is the Height of the 
 inverted' Cima rcda L. 
 
 (2.) Divide c Sir the Height of the Cornice in 
 6 Parts ; give the lower i divided in 3, ta the 
 Caveto G and Fillet F ; give the 2 next Parts to 
 the Cima refta E and Fillet D,. making the Fillet 
 one fixth of the Whole give the fourth Part 
 and half the fifth Part, to the Fafcia, or Platband 
 C and the remaining i Part and half, to the 
 Cima reverfa B, and its Fillet A, making the Fil- 
 let one third of the Whole. 
 
 PR OB. IV. ^Ti? determine the 'Projeolmn of the 
 Dado^ Bafe^ and Cornice of the Compofite Pedefial 
 Fig. II. Plate XIII. 
 
 The Projedions of this Dado, Bafe, and Cornice, 
 are found in the fame Manner as thofe of the Co- 
 rinthian Pedeftal, in Prob. IV. of the Corinthim 
 Order. 
 
 PROB. V. ^T^? proportion the Heights of the 
 principal Parts of the Compofite Column, 
 
 The Proportions of thefe Parts are the very- 
 fame as thofe of the Corinthian Column, in Pro- 
 blem V. of the Corinthian Order. 
 
 PROB, VI. 21; proportion the Heights of the 
 Memhers of the Bafe of the Compofite Column, 
 Fig. II. Plate XIII. 
 
 (i.) Divide np the ^ven Height in 3 Parts ; 
 the lower i, is the Height of the Plinth I. . 
 
 (2.) Divide the fecond Part in 5 give the firft 
 3, to the Torus H ; the next i,. to the Aftragal 
 G; and half the next to its Fillet F.. _ 
 " (3 .) Divide the upper Part in 5 ; give the up- 
 per 2 and an half, to the Torus C, and the next 
 half to the Fillet D and the Remains, is the 
 Scotia E. The Height of the Aftragal B, and 
 CindhireA, is i Part and an half, turned up, as 
 fignified by the dotted Semicircle, divided in 3, 
 of which, the Aftragal is 2, and the Cinc- 
 ture I. 
 
 PROB. VII. 1*0 determine the Proje5lions of the 
 Members of the Bafe of the Compofite Column. 
 Fig. II. Plate XIII. 
 
 (i.) Divide h c^ the Semidiameter of the Co- 
 lumn in 3 Parts, and give i Part to the Projec- 
 
 ITE ORDER. 13 
 
 tion of the Plinth, and Torus H. (2.) Divide 
 the Projection of the Plinth before riie Upright 
 of the Column, into 5 Parts j the firft i and an 
 half, terminates the Aftragal G ; and the next 
 half, the Fillet F. (3,) The third Part terminates 
 the Fillet D, and Aftragal B \ and 3 Parts and an 
 an half, the Cincture A. 
 
 The Scotia at laj^ge, is defcribed by the fame 
 Rule, as the Scotia of the Corinthian Bafe, in 
 Prob. VI. of the Corinthian Order. 
 
 PROB. VIII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Memhers of the Compofite Capital. Plate 
 XIV. 
 
 The Heights of the Aftragal, Leaves, and of 
 the Abacus,, are the fame here, as before in the 
 Corinthian Capital. The Height of the Volute 
 V d^ equal to 2 Parts and an half, divided in 8 •, 
 give the upper half to the third Part, from i;, to 
 the Fillet; the fourth Part to the Aftragal en- 
 riched wirii Pearls and Beads \ and the next up- 
 per 2 to the. Ovolo, enriched with Eggs and 
 Darts* 
 
 P R O B. IX. To determine the Projections of the 
 Members of the Compofite Capital. Plate 
 XIV. 
 
 The Projedions of the feveral Members of this- 
 Capital, are the fame, as thofe of the Corinthian 
 as alfo is the Diminution of the Shaft and the Pro- 
 portion of its Flutes and Fillets. • ^ 
 
 This Capital is compofed of the lonick and 
 Corinthian Capitals; for-the Abacus, OvolOj Aftra- 
 gal, Fillet, and Volutes, are the very Members 
 that compofe the lonick Capital ; and the two 
 Heights of Leaves, and Aftragal on which they 
 ftand, are the very fame as thofe in the Corinthian 
 Capital. 
 
 P R O B. X. To proportion the Heights of the 
 principal Parts of the Compofite Entablature. 
 Plate XV. 
 
 Divide the Height af in 10 Parts give 3, 
 to the Architrave ; 3 to the Freeze and 4 to 
 the Cornice. 
 
 F PROB. 
 
14 
 
 Of the COMPOSITE ORDER. 
 
 P R O B. ' XI. ^0 proportion the Heights tf the 
 Members of the Compofite Architrave, Plate 
 XV. 
 
 Divide e g m 4. Parts, the lower i, is the 
 Height of the lower Fafcia •, and one third of 
 the next i, of its Cima reverfa. Divide the up- 
 per I, in 4 •, give the upper i thereof, to the 
 Height of the Fillet on the Tenia j the next 2 to 
 the Ovolo ; one third of the next i to the Fillet ; 
 the remaining two thirds to the Caveto, and the 
 intermediate i Part and two thirds is the Height 
 of the Fafcia next under it. 
 
 PROB. XII. To proportion the Heights of the 
 Members of the Compofite Cornice, Plate XV. 
 
 (i.) Divide be the Height in 4 Parts, and 
 the upper i Part in 4 Parts ; of which give its 
 upper I to the Regula E the lower third Part 
 of the lower i to the Fillet, and the intermediate 
 Space to the Cima refta, between them. 
 
 (2.) Divide the third Part in 4 ; give the upper 
 1 to the Cima reverfa j and the lower 4 to the 
 Corona. 
 
 (3.) Divide the fecond Part, in 3, and its up- 
 per I in 4 i give the upper 2, to the Ovolo, and 
 the next i, to the Fillet, which caps the Mo- 
 dillion^. 
 
 Half the lower third Part, is the Height of 
 the Cima reverfa, between the upper and lower 
 Modillions. 
 
 (4.) Divide the lowcft fourth P^t of the 
 Height, in 4 ; give the lower half to the Cima 
 reverfa C ; and the other half being divided 
 irr 2, give the upper i and two thirds of the 
 next, to the Height of the lower Modillion^ 
 
 The Height of the Aftragal c d is equal to 
 half the Height of the Cima, over them which 
 divide in 3 j give 2 to the Aftragal, and i to 
 tiic Fillet. 
 
 PROB. XIII. I'd determine the ProjeSfions of 
 the Members of the Compofite Architrave PI, 
 XV. 
 
 The Proje6lion of the Tenia, before the Up- 
 right of the Freeze, which ftands over the Up- 
 right of the upper Part of the Shaft of the Co- 
 lumn, is equal to one fourth of the Height of 
 the whole Architrave. Divide 0 p the Projedlion 
 of the Tenia, in 3 Parts, give the firft one to the 
 Projedion of the upper Fafcia and three fourths 
 of the next i, to the Projedion of the Fillet over 
 the Caveto, 
 
 PROB. XIV. To determine the Proje5fions of the 
 Members of the Compofite Cornice, Plate 
 XV. 
 
 The Projedion D E of the whole Cornice, is 
 equal to D C its entire Height. Againft any 
 Part of the Freeze, as at w, draw a Line m 
 equal to D E, which divide in 4 Parts ; fubdi- 
 vide them again, and terminate each Member, as 
 exhibited by dotted perpendicular Lines which 
 pafs through the Divifions from the Profile to the 
 Plan, or Flanceer of the Cornice. 
 
 The Breadth of the upper Modillions is. ©ne fixth 
 of the Diameter of the Column, ati£s= Bafe or 10 
 Minutes, and the Interval between them being 
 twice their Breath, or 2?o IVBnutes \ therefore the 
 central Lines, of every 2 Modillions is half a Dia- 
 meter, or 30 Minutes ; as the Modillions are 
 in the lonick Cornice. 
 
 When the young Student hath pafled through 
 all the preceding Operations, he will be enabled 
 not only to underftand every Part of an Order, 
 by Infpedlion, without having any Recourfe to this 
 explanatory Part again : But will alfo underftand 
 the Proportions of all the following Defigns by 
 Infpedion, the very Inftant tliat he cafts his Eye qr: 
 th^ra.. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
Of INTERCOLUMNATIONS. 
 
 »5 
 
 CHAP. ir. 
 
 Of the Intercolumnation or proper Diftance that the Columns of every Or- 
 der are to be placed at, in the forming of Defigns, for Frontifpieces, 
 Doors, Windows, 
 
 Note^ That herein I account the Diftance or Intercolumnation, from the central Line 
 of one Cokimn, to the central Line of the other ; and not from the Outfide of the 
 one, to the Outfide of the other, as many Perfons have done. 
 
 III. The Diftance of Columns in the lonkk Or- 
 der is regulated by the Number of Modillions, 
 which are placed over Columns, the fame as the 
 Triglyphs in the 'Dorick Order. And as the 
 Diftance of the central Lines of lonkk Modilli- 
 ons, in a Cornice over Columns has been ftiewn 
 to be 30 Minutes or half a Diameter, therefore 
 the Diftance between Columns in this Order to 
 have two Modillions between, which is the leaft 
 that can be \ to have the Columns clear of each 
 other, muft be i Diameter and an half ; to 
 have 3 Modillions between, 2 Diameters and an 
 half •, to have 5 Modillions between, 3 Diameters ; 
 which iaft being doubled, is ufed in Arcades •, 
 and that of 2 Diameters and an half doubled, 
 for Doors, i^c. 
 
 The Diftance of lonlck Pilafters not diminifticd, 
 muft be greater than of Columns, becaufe the 
 central Lines of their Modillions, are at 35 
 Minutes Diftance \ and therefore it foilows, that 
 to have two Modillions, between, the Diftance 
 muft be I Diameter 45 Minutes j to have three 
 Modillions between, two Diameters and 20 Mi- 
 nutes •, to have four Modillions between, two 
 Diameters 55 Minutes \ and to have five Modil- 
 Hons between, 3- Diameters 30 Minutes,, i^e. 
 
 IV. The Diftance of Columns in the Ccrinthi- 
 an Order, is alfo regulated by the Number of 
 Modillions between them \ and as in Prob. XV, 
 of the Corinihiayi Order,, she Diftance ©f their 
 central Lines are 3,5 Minutes, whieli is the fame 
 
 Diftance,, 
 
 H E Diftance of ufcan Co- 
 lumns in Pairs is one Diameter 
 45 Minutes ; but when fingle, 
 in Frontifpieces, 4 Diameters ; 
 and in Arcades, they may ex- 
 tend from 5 to 7 Diameters, 
 where NecefTity requires it, mak- 
 ing the Arch a Semi-Ellipfis, inftead of a Semi- 
 circle ; but 6 Diameters is the ufual and proper 
 Diftance for an Arcade. 
 
 II. The Diftance of Columns in the Dorkk 
 Order, is regulated by the Number of Triglyphs 
 that is to be between them. For as the Breadth 
 of a Triglyph is 30 Minutes, and the Breadth 
 of a Metope, or Diftance between two Triglyphs 
 is 45 Minutes, and as a Triglyph is always pla- 
 ced over the central Line of every Column : 
 Therefore it follows, that to have i Triglyph 
 between thofe over two Columns, the Diftance 
 muft be 2 Diameters, 30 Minutes-, that is, 60 Mi- 
 nutes, or I Diameter, for the two half Triglyphs 
 over each Column, and the whole Triglyph be- 
 tween them ; and 90 Minutes or i Diameter and 
 an half, for twice 45 Minutes, the Breadths of 
 the two Metopes. So in hke Manner to have 
 two Triglyphs betv/een the Diftance muft be 
 3 Diameters, 45 Minutes ; to have 3 Triglyphs 
 ^ Diameters, which Vitruvius calls Arfeoftyle ; 
 and to have 4 Triglyphs, 6 Diameters, 15 
 Minutes, which laft i& ufed in Colonadts, and 
 Arcades y and that of 5 DiamiCtera for Doors,, ^s'c^ 
 
i6 Of PIERS ft 
 
 Diftance, as the Modillions in the lonkk Cornice 
 over Pilafters therefore the Diftances of Corin- 
 thim Columns, miift be the fame, as. oi Irnkk 
 Pilafters. Ajid as the Diftance of the- central 
 L-ines of Corinthian Modillions, in a Cornice o- 
 ver undiminiflied Pilafters, is alfo fhewn in Pro- 
 blem XV. of the Corinthian Order, to be 40 
 Minutes therefore it follows ; That to have 2 
 Modillions between, the Diftance muft be two 
 Diameters to have three Modillions between, 
 two.Diametei^ 40 Minutes •, to have four Modil- 
 lions between, three Diameters, twenty Minutes, 
 
 V. The Diftance of Compofite Modillions in a Cor- 
 nice over Columns, is the fame as in the lonick 
 Order \ therefore the Diftance of Compofite Co- 
 lumns and Pilafters are the fame, as of loni.ck Co- 
 lumns and Pilafters. 
 
 The Manner of proportioning the fever al Or- 
 ders, and determining the proper Diftances they 
 are to be pUced at, being, thus explained •, I ftiaU 
 now proceed to give fuch Explanation of the fol- 
 lowing Plates, as will render the Bufinefs of eve- 
 ry Defign eafy and delightful to every one, who 
 has made himfeif a Mafter of the Precedent Or- 
 ders. 
 
 Plate XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX. 
 
 0/ P I E R S >r G A T E S . 
 
 To make thefe, and all other Defigns contain- 
 ed in this Work, eafy to the Underftanding of all 
 Capacities, and to enable fuch, to work them, 
 of any Magnitude required ; I have to every De- 
 fign affixed Scales of Aliquot Parts, (which never 
 was done before by any Mafter) whereby, having 
 only, the Height of any Work to be made 
 (which in all Cafes muft be given) the Whoh 
 may be performed with the utmoft Exa6tnefs as 
 required. 
 
 As for Example ; Let it be required to proportion 
 the Pier G, Plate XVI. to any given Height. 
 
 Divide the given Height ('fuppofe ten Feet) 
 into four equal Parts (as fignified by the Scale on 
 its Left Side) give two thirds of the loweft i 
 Part to the Height of th^ Subplinth G and two 
 
 r GATES. 
 
 thirds of the other third Part, to the Height of 
 the Plinth, Torus, and Fillet. Divide the upper 
 fourth Part, in 3 Parts i and the upper i Part 
 thereof in 3 Parts ; of which, give the upper 
 2 Parts to the Height of the Capital whofe 
 Members are above defcribed at large by Fig. B. 
 By the dotted Arch of a Quadrant in the Sub- 
 plinth G, it is evident, that the Breadth of the 
 middle projeding Part of the Pier, is equal to 
 the Height of the Subplinth, which Breadth di- 
 vide in 4 ; and give i to the Projedion of each 
 Side. 
 
 The Height of the Subplinth of the Pine Ap- 
 ple on the Capital, is one Part, and one third, as 
 fignified by the dotted Semicircle : And the 
 Height of the Pine Apple and its Pedeftal, is de- 
 termined by the Interfedion of Arches defcribed 
 on the extream Points of the Capital's Projec- 
 tion, and which being divided in 3 Parts ; and 
 the lower i in 3, ^c. give to every particular 
 Member, its refpedive Height, as exhibited. The 
 Projedion of the Plinth to the Pedeftal of the Pine 
 Apple, is. two.tliards of the Projedion of the Mid- 
 dle Part of the Pier. 
 
 Now the young Student is to obferve, that as 
 the conftituent Parts of all the Defigns in this 
 Work, are adjufted in the very fame Manner, as thofe 
 of the above Example which it is manifeft are no 
 fooner feen,. but underftood it is therefore evident, 
 that to fay any Thing further relating thereto, is . 
 needlefs. 
 
 Thefe five Plates contain eighteen Defigns of 
 Piers for Gates at Entrances into Gardens, Ave- 
 nues, Courts, Palaces, which may be built 
 either of Stone or Brick, or of both, intermix' d,. 
 at the Pleafure of thofe for whom they may be 
 ereded. 
 
 Plate XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV. 
 
 GATES for Entrances into Palaces^ &cc. 
 
 Five Defigns for Gates, of which the firft, 
 fecond,, third, and fourth, are according to the 
 Tufcan^ Dorick, lonick and Corinthian Orders ; 
 whofe rcfpedive Impofts and Architraves of 
 their Arches are defcribed at large, and propor- 
 tioned by Aliquot Parts, at the Bottom of each, 
 Defign i as likewife is, the Impoft and Archi- 
 trave to the Gat.% Plate XXV. made for an Ente- 
 rance to tlie Houfe of a private Gentleman, i^c. 
 
 Plate 
 
Of FRONTISPIECES for DOORS to Manfon Houfes. 
 
 Plate XXVI, XXVII, XXVIH, XXIX, XXX, 
 XXXT, XXXII, XXXIII, XXXiV, XXXV, 
 XXXVI. 
 
 Frontispieces for Doors 
 Houses, i^c. 
 
 to Mansion- 
 
 Thefe Eleven Plates contain twenty-two De- 
 figns of Frontifpieces for Doors, of which the 
 firft two, Plate XXVI, are compofed of Cham- 
 pher'd Rufticks ; and proper for Entrances into 
 Buildings that have Porticoes before them, to 
 carry off the Rains, which themfelves cannot do. 
 The next two Defigns Plate XXV^II, are alio ru- 
 fticated the one B, as the preceding ; the other 
 with fquare Rufticks, and being both crowned 
 with Pediments are thereby made fit to adorn 
 the Entrance of any Building without a Por- 
 tico ; As alfo, are all the Defigns with Pediments 
 in the following Plates. And when it happens, 
 for Want of a proper Height, that a Pediment 
 cannot be made ; then in all fuch Cafes the Cor- 
 nice mufl break forward, and be fupported by 
 TrufTes, as A, Plate XXVIII, XXXI, XXXII, 
 to carry off the Rains. It alfo very often hap- 
 pens, that even when Frontifpieces may be finilh- 
 ed with Pediments, that the Proje6lion of the 
 Pediment will not be fufficient to proted the En- 
 trance from the Infults of Rains ; therefore in 
 fuch Cafes, the Pediments muft advance for- 
 ward, and be fuftained either by Trulfes, as ex- 
 hibited in Plate XXX, XXXI, or by Pilafters, 
 or Columns, as in Plate XXXHI, XXXIV, 
 XXXV, XXXVI. 
 
 As I have finiflied the greateft Part of thefe 
 Defigns with Pediments of all the Varieties of the 
 Orders, I fliall in the next Place fhew 
 
 How to find the different Curvatures of Raking 
 Mouldings of Pediments, and Modillions. Plate 
 XXXVII. 
 
 ' (i.) Let 1 1, V be the upper Fillet or Re- 
 gula, and w x o^ the lower Fillet, of a level 
 Cima Re6ta of a Cornice, alfo k I, g b be the 
 Raking Regula or upper Fillet ; and / c, m z the 
 lower Fillet of the Raking Cima Refta, and let 
 a b be the Level Cima R.e6la given, whofe 
 Heights is a c, and Projedion a h. Divide a c in- 
 to any Number of equal Parts, fuppofe 8, and 
 draw the Ordinates i 2 ^, 3 ^, iic. 
 
 I 7 
 
 (2.) On any Part of g as at raife a Per- 
 pendicular as ef to the Height of the Raking 
 Cima, which divide in the fame N^umber of equal 
 Parts as a as at the Points i, 2, 3, (^c. from 
 which draw Ordinates i ^, 2 3 ^, i^c. each 
 "refpedively equal to the Ordinates in the Cima A, 
 and then tracing the Curve d p p, ^c. f it will 
 be the true Curve of the Raking Cima. 
 
 (3.) Suppofe the Point g Fig. C, to be the ut- 
 mofi Point of Projection, in the Return of the Raking 
 Cima, in an open Pediment. 
 
 Draw g h parallel to w c, and from h draw 
 the Perpendicular h i, which divide in eight e- 
 qual Parts at the Points 123, from whence 
 draw the Ordinates i p, 2 p, 3 i^c. equal to 
 the Ordinates 1 p, 2 p-, ^ p^ ^c. in Fig. A. 
 From the Point g, through the Points p p p, (jfc. 
 trace the Curve g p p^ &c. i, which is the true 
 Curve of the returned Cima, as required. 
 
 Fig. D E F is a fecond Example of an Ovo- 
 lo, wherein the three feveral Heights are all e- 
 qually divided into the fame Number of Parts, 
 and the Ordinates of every one are refpedtively 
 equal. 
 
 Now what is here faid with Refped to the 
 Raking Members of a Pediment, is to be alfo 
 underftood of the Members of Raking Modil- 
 lions. For if Fig. E, or Fig. B, be confider'd as 
 the Front Moulding, then the Figures F and D, 
 or C and A, are the Moulds or Curvatures of 
 the two returned Mouldings. 
 
 For this excellent Method I am greatly oblig- 
 ed to the ingenious Mr. Robert Hartwell, 
 at the Tower of London, Carpenter. 
 
 Plate XXXVIII. 
 
 To defcrihe the Curvature of a l^rufs, for the Support 
 of a Cornice, &c. 
 
 (i.) Divide the given Height into eleven equal 
 Parts ; divide the upper three Parts in fcven Parts, 
 and make n e the perpendicular Line of the Pro- 
 jeftion of the upper Volute to eight of thofe Parts : 
 Alfo, divide the third and fourth Parts of its 
 Height in feven Parts ; and make the Projeftioa 
 of the lower Volute equal to eight of thofe Parts. 
 
 (2.) This done proceed in evefy Particular to 
 defcribe the two Volutes, and the Curve e eg, 
 as direded in Se£b. II. Prob. XV. of the Corin- 
 thian Order, to delcribe the Volutes or Scrolls of 
 G the 
 
i8 0/ W I N 
 
 the Corinthian Modillion. Fig. B reprefents the 
 Eye of a Volute, with its Centers at large j and 
 Fig. A, the Face or Front of a Trufs which 
 divide in eight Parts, give the outer ones to the 
 two Fillets ; the middle one, to the Aftragal, and 
 its Fillets and the Remainders on each Side, to 
 the two Cima Reda's. 
 
 Plate XXXIX, XL. 
 
 Of Attick Windows, whofe Diameter and Heights 
 are equal. 
 
 Thefe two Plates contain ten Windows, for 
 Jttick Stories, which are differently adorned, the 
 firft two having Window Stools, the one with 
 plain Brick Work, the other with an Architrave 
 expreffed at large, by Fig. G, whofe Breadth is 
 equal to one fixth of the Window. The other 
 eight, are alfo adorned with Architraves, fquare 
 and knee'd, entire and broken, or interfperfed 
 with Ruftick Blocks, on Stools, fupported by 
 TrulTes, of which Fig. C, D, E, F are four 
 "Varieties, 
 
 Plate XLI. 
 
 Of Windows whofe Heights are equal to the Dia- 
 gonal of a geometrical Square^ whofe Side is equal 
 to the Diameter of the Window. 
 
 This Plate contains four Defigns, viz. two 
 fquare-headed, proper for an Attick Story, alfo one 
 femi-circular, and one femi-elliptical headed, for 
 Chambers next under them. 
 
 Plate XLIT, XLIII, XLIV, XLV, XLVI, 
 XLVII, XLVIII, XLIX, L, LI, LII, LIII. 
 
 Of Windows for State Rooms, and their Enrich- 
 ments. 
 
 As thefe Sort of Windows are fometimes en- 
 riched with an Entablature, and plain Archi- 
 trave only, as thofe in Plate XLV, XLVI or 
 have their Architraves interfperfed with Rufticks 
 as A, Plate XLIV, l^e. I have therefore pre- 
 cedent to them, given three Varieties of Eiita- 
 blatures, fit to be placed over Windows, viz. 
 Fig. A, B, Plate XLII, and B, Plate XLIII, as 
 • alfo for Variety fake the Block Cornice A, which 
 when pradifed, muft^ be placed on Champhered 
 
 D O W S. 
 
 Rufticks, as in B, Plate XLVI. Plate XLVII 
 contains a Dorick and Tufcan Window, the firft 
 with Columns, the other with Pilafters, (whofe 
 Flutings I fhall prefently fhew. How to defcribe.) 
 Plate XLIX contains an lonick and Corinthian ; 
 and Plate L, two Compofite Windows, which fix 
 laft are of all others the moft magnificent that can 
 be made, except thofe which are called Venetian 
 Windows, of which I have given three Varieties, 
 viz. 2" ufcan, Dorick and lonick., in Plate LI, LII, 
 LIII, and which are m.oft proper for a grand Stair- 
 Cafe, Saloon, Library, Chancel of a Church, i^c, 
 where much Light is required or for a Dining 
 Room, l^c. whence fine Views may be feen. 
 
 Plate LIV. 
 
 Of circular and elliptical Windows. 
 
 This Plate contains five Varieties of circular - 
 Windows, and one ovalar, differently adorned 
 with Architraves and Rufticks ; which are pro- 
 per for Attick Stories, or in Tympanums of Pe- 
 diments, i^c. 
 
 lo defcribe an Oval Window of any Breadth and 
 Height, this is the Rule. 
 
 Draw the two Diameters at right Angles, each 
 of their alTigned Length. Set half the Ihort Dia- 
 meter from / the End of the long Diameter 
 to k, and divide the Remains of the Center h, in 
 three equal Parts, and fet one Part from k to i. 
 Make h g equal to h /, and complete the tv/o 
 equilateral Triangles g a z, and g n i. On the 
 Centers^ and z, with the Opening //, defcribe 
 the Arches d fm and ley, and on the Centers 
 a n with the Opening a m, defcribe the Arches 
 m ol, and and y b dy which completes the Oval., 
 as required. 
 
 Plate XLVIII. 
 
 To defcribe the Flutes and Fillets of Pilafters, and 
 to reprefent the ferfpe£iive Appearances of Flutes 
 and Fillets of Columns. 
 
 Example I.. I'o divide the Flutes and Fillets of 
 any Pilafter, Fig. A. 
 
 Draw a Line at Pleafure, as h I, and therein 
 fet 29 equal Parts of any Magnitude at Pleafure, 
 
 and 
 
Of N 
 
 and complete the eqllateral Triangle ^'V hi, fet 
 the o-iven Breadth of the Pilafter, fuppofe / 
 froni A, to i, and from A. to then drawing 
 Lines from A to the firft one, the next_ three, 
 the next one, the next three, ^c. in the Line h /, 
 they will divide the Line i k into its Flutes and 
 Fillets, as required. 
 
 ExAMP. II. 'I'o divide the Flutes and Fillets with 
 Beads at the Angles, of any Pilafter, as Fig. B. 
 
 Draw a Line as m p at Pleafure, and therein 
 fet 3 1 Parts as before, and then completing the 
 equilateral Triangle B m proceed in every Re- 
 fpea, as in the preceding Example. And here 
 note,' That when the Lines reprefenting the Flutes 
 and 'Fillets of a Pilafter are thus drawn, on a 
 Drauo-ht Board, i^c from thofe Lines, the Flutes 
 and Fillets of all other Pilafters of greater Dia- 
 meter may be readily found. As for Example : 
 Suppofe the Lines bf and ad. Fig. A were the 
 Diameters of two other Pilafters. On any Point, 
 in any Side, fuppofe on b, with an Opening equal 
 to b /, defcribe the Arch g e, cutting the Side of 
 the Pilafter in /; then drawing the Line b f, the 
 feveral Flutes and Fillets firft drawn, will divide 
 that Line in the fame Proportion ; and fo the Line 
 u d the Diameter of the lefler Pilafter. 
 
 The Lines r ? and q s, Fig. B, exprefs the 
 fame, in that Pilafter which hath Beads at its 
 Angles. 
 
 To reprefent the perfpeSfive Appearances of Flutes and 
 Fillets in the Shafts of Columns, Fig. C, D. 
 
 By Prob. XI. of the Icnic Order, defcribe the 
 Flutes and Fillets in each Semicircle age, and 
 c b d, from whence draw perpendicular Lines, 
 which terminate with Arches, as x x ^c, and the 
 Whole will be completed, as required. 
 
 Plate LV, LVI, LVII. 
 
 0/ N I C H E S . 
 
 Thefe three Plates contain fix grand Dcfigns for 
 Niches, of the Tufcan, Borick, F^nick, Corinthian 
 and Comtofite Orders, whofe Cavities, though 
 here represented femicircular, may be made femi- 
 elliptical at Pleafuie, when required ; and as the 
 working, of the Heads of Niches,, femicii-cuiar^ 
 
 I C H E S. 19 
 
 femi-elliptical, may be performed two different 
 Ways, which are very curious, I ftiall therefore 
 now explain thofe Operations as follows : 
 
 Plate LVIII, Fig. K. 
 
 To form the Head of a femicircular and femlellipttcal 
 Nich, hy divers Thicknejfes of Plank, &c. glew'd 
 together. 
 
 (i) On the Surface of aflat Pannel, &c. large 
 enough to contain fomething more than the Plan 
 of the Nich, defcribe a Semicircle, as i 2 3, &c. 
 14, 5 i Fig. K, of the fame Diameter, as that 
 of the Nich. Take the Thicknefs of your Plank, 
 &c. in your Compaffes ; and fet that Diftance on 
 the Semidiameter a a, from a to c, from c to e, 
 &c. and through the Points c e g i, &c. draw 
 Lines parallel to the Diameter 1 a d. Take a 
 Piece of Plank, as Fig, A, and with a Square, 
 applied to its Edge about the Middle of its 
 Length, as at a draw a Line, from the under 
 to the upper Surface ; the Extreams of which, are 
 two Centers ; on which you are to defcribe two 
 Semicircles ; the under one with the Radius a i ; 
 the upper one with the Radius c 2. With a turn- 
 ing Saw cut obliquely through the two Semicir- 
 cles and then you will have done the firft Thiclc- 
 nefs. Take a fecond Piece of Plank, as Fig. B ; 
 drav/ a Line on its Edge near its Middle, fquare to 
 both Surfaces-, whofe Extreams are two Cen- 
 ters as before. On the under Center thereof, 
 with the (laft) Radius, c 2, defcribe a Semicir- 
 cle equal to the laft (becaufe the under Surface of 
 this fecond Piece, is to be glev/'d on the upper Sur- 
 face of the firft) and on its upper Center,, with the 
 Radius e 3, defcribe a Semicircle on the upper Sur- 
 face ; then cutting through both Pieces as before ; 
 the fecond Piece is done. 
 
 (2.) Proceed in like Manner until the Whole 
 is complete tlie Operations of which are exprefled 
 by the feveral Semicircles 3, 3 : 4, 4: 5* 5 * 
 in the Figures C, D, E, F, G, H, 1, K, L, M, 
 N, O, wliich reprefent the feveral Pieces of Plank 
 as their refpeftive Heights above tlie Bafe i a d 
 approach the Zenith of the Nich. 
 
 (3.) Glew all thefe Thicknefles, one on the o- 
 ther i and with a Compafs, fmoothing Plain, whofe 
 Arch is fomething quicker than diat of the Nich,, 
 clear off and finifb the Infide. 
 
 (4.) An 
 
TO Of n I 
 
 (4.) An elliptical headed Nich may be form- 
 ed in the fame Manner, as the preceding if Semi- 
 EllipfilTes are . defcribed on the Surfaces of the 
 ThicknelTes as the Semicircles aforefaid. 
 
 To find the long Diameter cf the fever al Semi-El- 
 lipjtjfes. 
 
 As they diminifh from the Bafe of the Nich 
 to its Zenith defcribe an Ellipfis equal to the 
 Plan, or Face of the Nich •, divide its Height into 
 ThicknelTes, and drawing Lines through the feve- 
 ral Points of Divifions, parallel to its longeft Dia- 
 meter, until they meet the Curve of the Front, in 
 the fame Manner, as in the preceding Fig. K ; they 
 will be the long Diameters required. 
 
 To find their refpefiive femi-Jhort Diameters, 
 
 Defcribe a Quadrant, whofe Radius is equal to 
 the Height of the femi-elliptical Head of the 
 Nich. Divide one of its Sides, into the fame 
 Number of Parts, as the Number of ThicknelTes 
 in the Height. From thofe Parts or Divifions, 
 draw Ordinates to the Limb ; which are the femi- 
 fhort Diameters, refpeitively proportionate to the 
 long Diameters before found. 
 
 The Heads of Niches are fometimes formed 
 by Ribs, as Fig. IV, where A is the Plan, and B 
 the Elevation, of the Ribs, for a femi-circular head- 
 ed Nich. 
 
 The Mould, by which thefe Ribs are made, 
 is the Arch of a Qiiadrant, a b. Fig. Ill •, or 
 the Arch a the half Front of Fig. B. When 
 the Heads of Niches are thus formed, they are 
 either lathed or plaiftered within Side, or lined 
 with thin Deal or Wainfcot which laft, if perform- 
 ed in a neat Manner, has a very good Effed, and 
 may be thus performed. 
 
 To cut out the Linings for the Head of a femidrailar 
 Nich. Fig. I. Plate LVIII. 
 
 Let the Semicircle 4 8, reprefent the Plan of 
 the Head of a femicircular headed Nich, which 
 divide in 16 Parts, and through every other Part 
 draw the Lines A 2;, B z, C z, &c. making 
 their Lengths B a, &c. equal to the Length of 
 the Arch 4 ; or half the Circumference of the 
 Nich's Head. 
 
 Complete the Circle i 6 ^, 4 and draw the 
 Diameter 4 16, at right Angles to the Diameter 
 
 C H E S. 
 
 hz'^. Divide the Semidiameter 2:16, in eight 
 Parts, and through them draw the Lines h / 
 k r, &:c. and on the Points 9, 10, 11, &c. with 
 the Radius g p \ 10 q ; 11 r &c. defcribe Semi- 
 circles, as og 10 nfzv. Sec. and divide a 
 fourth Part of each, as ^ 10 ; f z, Sec. into 4 
 equal Parts. On the Point G, with a Radius 
 equal to the Length of the Arch 0 16, or 16 w, 
 defcribe the Arch a ly b., alfo with Radius's 
 the Lengths of the Arches 16 n 16 m 16 I ; 
 16 k ; 16/; 16 h ; defcribe the Arches d iS c 
 e ig f i h 20 g ; k 21 i, Sec. On the Arches 
 a b, d c, ef &c. fet off one fourth Part of the 
 Arches^ 10, / 2;, &c. from the Points 17, 18, 
 19, &c. to the Points a b d c ; e f ; h g\ki \ 
 &c. through which. Lines being traced, from the 
 Point G, to the Points 6 and 7 the Part G 6 7. 
 will be an eighth Part compleated. In the fame 
 Manner complete the other 7 Parts, ABC, &c. 
 and when bent into their Places, they will exaftly 
 complete the Lining of the Head of the Nich, as 
 required. 
 
 Notey In very large Niches, the Number of 
 Parts may be encreafed from 8 to 12, 16, 20, 
 &c. at Pleafure. 
 
 Fig. II. is the Plan of the Head of a femi-el- 
 liptical Nich, compofed of Ribs for Lath and 
 Plaiiler, whofe Bafes are reprefented by abed 
 e f. The Front of this Nich, is the very fame 
 Semi-Ellipfis, as the Plan a f g. But the feve- 
 ral Ribs, which fland on tlie Plan to form the 
 Head, are different, as being all Quarter Parts of 
 EUipfifTes whofe longeft Diameters are lefs ; ex- 
 cepting the Front Rib, that flands over the Bafe 
 f h^ which is the fourth Part of a Circle, whofe 
 Radius \^fh. 
 
 To form the Curves of the Ribs, to fland on 
 the Parts b c d e^ confider their Bafes bh., c dh., 
 and e h, as half the long Diameters of fo many 
 Ovals, and f h\s half the fhort Diameter to every 
 one of them in general. Then by the Rule gi- 
 ven in Plate LIV, to defcribe an ovalar Win- 
 dow of any Breadth and Height ; defcribe the 
 Curves for the feveral Ribs required ; which are 
 no more than the Quarter Parts of fo many com- 
 plete Ovals. 
 
 Plate LIX, LX. 
 
 Eight Defigns for Marble Cifterns, for Buffets, 
 Side Board Tables, &c. 
 
 ' Plate 
 
Of Chimney Pieces, Pavemetits^ 
 
 Plate LXI, LXII, LXIII, LXIV, LXV, LXVI, 
 LXVII, LXVIII,LXIX, LXX, LXXI,LXXII, 
 LXXIII, LXXIV, LXXV, LXXVI, LXXVII, 
 LXXVIII, LXXIX, LXXX, LXXXI,LXXXII, 
 LXXXIII, LXXXIV, LXXXV, I.XXXVI, 
 LXXXVII, LXXXVIII, LXXXIX, XC, XCI, 
 XCII, XCIII. 
 
 Of Chimney Pieces, and their Enrichments^ 
 In thefe thirty-three Plates, there are fixty-three of 
 the beft Defigns for Chimney Pieces, and their Orna- 
 ments (containing greatVariety of Tabernacle Fra,mes, 
 Shields, Feftoons, ^^c.) that have been yet pubHfhed 
 by any one Mafter in Europe^ if not in the whole 
 World. 
 
 Plate XCI V, XCV, XCVI, XCVIJ, XCVIII, 
 
 xcix, c, CI, cii, cm, CIV, cv. 
 
 0/ Pavements, Frets, and Gulochi's. 
 Twenty-levenX)efigns of Marble Pavements, for 
 Halls, Baths, the laft nine of which, are inviron'd 
 with tliirty-fix Varieties of Frets, Gulochi's and Bor- 
 ders, which in general may be as well apphed for 
 Borders to Pavements, as to enrich the Planceers of 
 Architraves, or other Ornamental Parts of Archi- 
 tefture, wherein fhey are commonly introduced,, and 
 more particularly fuch that may be view*d from a 
 Gallery. 
 
 Pi.ATE cvi, cvii, cvm, cix, cx,cxi. 
 
 Of Akar Pieces. 
 Six Altar Pieces, of which the firft two are for 
 Chapels, and the others for Churches. 
 Plate CXIl, CXIII, CXIV, CXV, CXVI, CXVn. 
 Of Pulpits. 
 
 ^ix Defigns for Pulpits, which in general have their 
 Plans, Types and Members reprefented at large ; 
 which the ingenious Workman may perform with 
 Pleafure. 
 
 Plate CXVIII, CXIX, CXX, CXXI, CXXII.. 
 Tables /d7r Monumental Infcriptions. 
 Twenty-two Defigns for Tables of Renown, for 
 perpetuating to Pofterity, the Memoirs of worthy 
 Pcrfons deceafed. 
 
 Plate CXXIII, CXXIV, CXXV, CXXVI 
 
 cxxvii, cxxviii, cxxix, cxxx,, exxxi' 
 CXXXII, CXXXIII, cxxxiv, cxxxv 
 . CXXXVI. ^^^v. 
 
 Of Monuments. 
 Twenty-one Defigns for Monuments, enrklited 
 with Vafes, Bafs-Relievo's, Bufto^'s, (^c. from which 
 the ingenious Workman may receive fuch Hints as 
 to invent others innumerable. 
 
 Altar Pieces y Pulpits, Tombs, Sec, 21 
 Plate CXXXVII Of Tombs. 
 Here, for Variety fake, I have given a Plan, and 
 two Elevations, by which 'tis evident, that thcfe- 
 Kinds of Tombs are nothing more than regular Pe- 
 deftals, crowned with large Tables for Infcriptions. 
 
 To make thefe Tombs truly grand, they fhould 
 be afcended by three Steps, giving to the upper Step 
 a Breadth at leaft double that of the others. 
 
 In Plate CXXXII is fhewn, how much an Object 
 appears lefs, as 'tis elevated above the Eye. Suppofe 
 the Objeft D, whofe lower Part is level with the Eye 
 k, be raifed from ^ to c ; then its real Height c d, will 
 appear to the Eye at^, to be no higher than/^-, be- 
 caufe kg and k a are equal ; and/^ is feen. under the* 
 fame Angles as d c. 
 
 To make a Monument, ti'c. placed on the Points,, 
 appear of equal Height, with a Monument view'd 
 level with the Eye as D ; draw the Lines 10 k 
 5 k ', andc k. On the Point with any Radius, de'- 
 fcribe an Arch as x x z 2; at Pleafure. Make the Arch. 
 X z, equal to the Arch z z, and from k through the 
 upper X, draw the Line kxbe-, then the Height e c^. 
 equal to eight Feet is the Height required, at fifteen^ 
 Feet above the Eye that fhall appear equal to five 
 Feet, view'd level with the Eye. For as the Angle 
 ekc,'is equal to the Angle 10^ 5 ; and as e c is per- 
 pendicular over a b, therefore the Height e c, though 
 three Feet more than ab, will appear to the Eye at k 
 to be but of the fame Height of a viz.. five Feet. 
 
 As very often it is required to ered Monuirtents in' 
 Churches, at fome confiderable Heights above the 
 Eye ; I therefore, for the fake of Majons, thought it 
 neceffary to demonftrate the preceding, that they 
 migiit avoid Errors in. proportioning fuch Works* 
 for the future. 
 
 Plate CXXXVIII. Of Obelifques. 
 Here I have given four Varieties of ObelifqueSj 
 viz. Fig. A. whofe Bafe is a geometrical Square 
 Fig. B. an equilateral Triangle Fig. Can Odagonj 
 and Fig. D . a Circle. 
 
 Plate CXXXIX, CXL. Of Time Pieces. 
 Two Time Pieces for the Infide of Churches ; as^ 
 againft a Gallery, ^c. 
 
 Plate CXLI, CXLII, CXLIII, CXLIV, CXLV, 
 CXLVI, CXLVII. 
 
 Frames Marble Tables in Rooms of Slate, Sec. 
 Ten Defigns for the Feet and Frames of Marble 
 Tables, after the French Manner. 
 
 Plate CXLVm, CXLIX. 
 Of Ma.rhk and Stone Tables /^?r Grotto's and Ai^ors-^ 
 iir Gardens... 
 
 Here are four Varieties of Tables,^ and as many-'of " 
 
 their: 
 
Of Obeli fques, Time Pieces, Fo?2ts, Cielings, &c. 
 
 25 
 
 their Pedeftals, whofe Plans explain the Figures to 
 he circular, odangular, hexangular and fquare. 
 
 Plate CL. 
 
 O/Chriftening Fonts for Churches, and their Pedeftals. 
 
 Four Fonts for the Bap tifm of Children inChurches, 
 ^hich to be grand, fliould be ereded on a fpacious 
 Aicent of three Steps, that thereby, during the Per- 
 formance of Baptifm, the Prieft may be elevated a- 
 bove the Congregation. 
 
 Plate CLI,CLII. 
 Pedeftals for Sun-Dials, and Bufto's. 
 The firft fix Pedeftals are defigned for Horizontal 
 Sun-Dials, which, when erefted, fhould be elevated 
 ab-out three Steps from the Ground ; whereby they 
 v/ill be lefs liable to be difplaced by Accident, and 
 thereby rendered ufelefs. The laft four Pedeftals are 
 defigned for Bufto's, placed in Buildings or Gardens. 
 
 Plate CLIII, CUV, CLV, CLVI. 
 
 A Cheft of £)raws, a Medal Cafe, a Cabinet of 
 Draws, and a DrefTmg Table enriched after the 
 French Manner. 
 
 P^ate clvii, CLVITI, clix, clx, clxi, 
 
 CLXII, CLXIII, CLXIV. 
 
 Eight Defigns for Book Cafes. 
 
 Plate CLXV, CLXVI, CLXVII, CLXVIII, 
 CLXIX, CLXX,CLXXI, CLXXII, CLXXIII, 
 CLXXIV, CLXXV, CLXXVI, CLXXVII, 
 CLXXVIII. 
 
 Fourteen Defigns for Ceilings, with great Variety 
 of Enrichments-, wherein is contained, for the Ufe 
 of Carpenters, the Manner of forming Angle Brack- 
 ets, for a Plaifter Cove of a Cornice, as follows ; 
 
 I. 'To form the Curve of the Angle Bracket A, for a 
 Plaijler Coi;^, Plate CLXV. 
 
 Let B be a front Bracket, ftanding at the Angle 
 a, whofe Proje6lion is equal to a c ; and when up in its 
 Place will ftand over the Line a c for which Reafon 
 I call it, the Bafe of that Bracket. Draw a the 
 Bafe of the A ngle Bracket, and divide a c and a 
 the two Bafes, each in the fam.e Number of equal 
 Parts, fuppofe, 6, 8, lo, ^c. as at the Points i, c?, 
 5^ iSc. From the Points i, 3, 5, ^c. draw Ordi- 
 nAtes, perpendicular to the two Bafes, as <: / ; 1,2; 
 
 3, 4 •, 5, 6 tffc. and make the Ordlnates i, 2 ; 3, 
 4', 5, 6 i ^c. on a b the Bafe of the Angle Bracket, 
 equal to the Ordinates i, 2 3, 4 *, 5, 6 on 
 a r, the Bafe of the front Bracket. Then fixing Nails 
 in the Points ^246, i^c. to a bend a thin Lath 
 of equal thicknefs to them, and trace the Curve g 1 
 4 6, ^C: a, which is the Curve of the Angle Brack- 
 et, for the Cove as required. 
 
 II. To form an Angle Bracket for a Plaijler Cornice 
 Fig. A. Plate CLXVIII. 
 Let h f h a,ht 2L front Bracket, d a its Height; d b 
 its Projedion, and the Line e a its Bafe, when eredl- 
 ed in its Place, at the Angle a. Draw n a, the Bafe 
 of the Angle Bracket, and raife the Perpendiculars a^ 
 s i and r ; each equal to d a the Height of the 
 front Bracket. From the Points / and b, draw down 
 the Lines / /, i> k, and continue them to m /. Draw 
 m and / <?, parallel to n r. Make / 0, equal tokh 
 and m q equal to if. Then drawing the Lines a -0^ 
 op, p q, and q r, the Angle Bracket will be finiftied, 
 as required. 
 
 Note, That a Bracket for an external Angle has 
 no Difference from a Bracket for an internal Angle, 
 the Backing only excepted •, the Back of the former 
 having its Angle convex and the latter (if ftriftly 
 performed, which is feldom done) concave to its 
 central Line. And what is here faid for finding the 
 Curve or Form of a Bracket at a right Angle ; is 
 to be alfo obferved and pradifed for finding the 
 Curve or Form of a Bracket at any acute or obtufe 
 Angle whatfoever, after having found the Bafe Lines 
 of the Front and Angle, over which the two Brackets 
 are to ftand, when in their Places, as e a, and n a, in 
 the laft Example. 
 
 Plate CLXXIX, CLXXX, CLXXXI, CLXXXII, 
 CLXXXIII, CLXXXIV, CLXXXV, CLXXXVI. 
 
 Twenty-two Defigns for Iron Works of the moft 
 exquifite Tafte, from which many curious Enrich- 
 ments may be compofed, for the Embellifhments of 
 Cabinet Works, Ceilings, (^c. 
 
 In Plate CLXXIX, Fig. A contains four Varie- 
 ties of Pannelling for Balconies ; and Figures B and 
 C are two Varieties for fquare Pannels to Gates, i^c. 
 
 In Plate CLXXX is four Varieties of Raking Pan- 
 nels for Stair Cafes •, and in Plate CLXXXII is three 
 other Varieties for the fame Ule. 
 
 Plate CLXXXI,contains fiveVarieties of pannelling 
 for Iron Gates; and Plates CLXXXIII, CLXXXIV, 
 CLXXXV, CLXXXVI, four grand Defigns, for 
 Iron Piers, with their Gates and Ornaments, 
 
 ADDENDA, of Fourteen Plates of ROOFS, ^c. 
 
 F I N I S. 
 
^ef(rf'^ l/ie yozi^ J'tiu/e^nt ca^n ^rrrceed to (AeAxt of making" DefigTlS of i/te Omame/^^a/ ^o/rttf of ^ui/Ji'/i^.f . 
 J"^ muift u/n^/ericfta/nd,J{h7ir do Projoortum. l/ie^fvve <7r<:/enf of CT/ti/m/rU; a^nti mat c/uJ ffor^ mm/ fzctr t:^efye'n{:la/nt on 
 a^m^ ot/t^^ ^fn' tAat Pur^cdc-t^ ^/uz/^ fAer^ore y-vKft <(^tK^/a^n.,t/ie- ??iaMne^ of Pro^ortionmj/ //te^ at la^ty^ /ry 
 e^ua/ Pa/K&/ t'n a ?n/rr)e Grru^fe, ^ut fuf^ and eAa^n- AaJ ^ee^ yet doTte. 
 
 "I- 
 
 I d-i-lU 
 
 1^ - Lari^/i^ ^-n/iAent / 
 
 Plate I. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 /' 'r 'i 
 
 \ i\. 2^ 3 
 
 V I ll iiiiiiiiiiiiiii ' iiiiiiiiiiiiiililillilli'''^ 
 
 V 
 
 TT^-^ £an^/e^ J) elm. Tcit'/p. 
 
T/ie I>aricL li'fUizJ^ialu^e and F/anceeT cf Comcce at /ar^e. r/ate 
 
T/ie P/an cr^ one ^uar-ter of a Cap/'fu/ tv a Co^mn 
 
 T/w^ Z^m^/e^' Delia . <^ Ja///o. 
 
I 
 
.1? Jjun^j'/^ ^ni'-^rvt 3(;Z>e^/i/z. i^Ji? 
 
I 
 
VeneCian Window ^ lAe Z>ar-tck Or^e^ /i^AaJe. ^emAe^j 
 a/re e^c/crc/^e'd at /a^ije 
 
 -P/at^ LE. 
 
Venedan Window^ 
 
 a/re de</crt//^d <it /i 
 
 4 Vta/m. 
 
 ^ ^ nlam. ^ 
 
Circular Elliptical IVtn^d^rtiA/, 
 
fUu lx. ' 
 
rlaie Lxxxnr. 
 
P^ate liXXXVHl . 
 
J\ ^1 3\ 4\ S\ 6\ 
 
 7 1 J?' 3' 4' S':6' 7' 
 
 2\ i9l ^' 2^7 
 
I"/^ xcvm. 
 
 J/. 
 
rlalz^ CI, 
 
Gruilochl'^ /vT <^€V7^aUn^,Zcra^^ii^ ^/a^^ J^ii-^//?^ T^mmej <S^c.-P^^ CiV: 
 
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 a// f^/H7ici^:><il eazA , e^iuzl tt7 £ A, or A^. 
 
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 re^tci/red: n'AuA ttm/A 
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 6 
 
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 ^l a/7i£^ I o. Ae^^^ £^tH^6:A e^ualtv or ?-/n 
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l\.e(jtii Sites ^Pr 
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 eA.A ^^^ai/Ti^ ■ 
 
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 Xxample ILa^c^ tAeyi/t^m 
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 /^/z^^jsw^, /ai</ Old. rr^c 
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 leration 
 
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 ^a/m/^^c 
 ^ ^ aa/ Are A ^/ 
 /C?n ^a^ii/ i/, mt/A n/^ 
 
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 yX^nui) {7j^yXejcA/^i4!>nt nfymrei/ 
 
 \zo {7rja!^det, /J<fmuJ€ Me 
 \Cielling Joist ;^ tAa/ a/re 
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 On y fhtytiii e^r <k' ant/ ^fSr. nniA fAe ' 
 ij .AclumJJjl'c ay7u/ rv/v^viA^n 
 
 "/htjTn a Ae n/AuA 
 floAfcn^, n/Ae'Ti ^Ae 
 
 t>n t£fyfAu-/' 
 
SE C TIONS ^Trufs'd Roofs Ji^marAj 
 
 ^ ^£ru/^ n//l^n lA^ 
 
 nn ^ra£^ n>AtcA jA/mld 
 
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 ^ Greenwich Church ih A/i^ {^^Tim/z^ 
 
 Kent 6a;/^72^ .fiat 
 
 Beam lir^yrAvent J'c^in^ //t^ 
 
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