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RURAL ARCHITECTURE; 
 
 OR, 
 
 A SERIES OF DESIGNS 
 
 FOR 
 
 ORNAMENTAL COTTAGES. 
 
 IN NINETY-SIX PLATES. 
 
 BY P. F. R 0 B I N S 0 N, 
 
 ARCHITECT, F.S.A. & F.G.S. 
 
 VICE I'RESIDENT OF TUB INSTITUTE OF BIIITISH .ARCHITECTS; 
 AUTHOR OF A WORK ON ORNAMENTAI, VILLAS; AN ATTEMIT TO ASCERTAIN THE AGE OF MICKI.EHA.M 
 I HI'KCH, IN SUHREV ; DESIGNS FOR FARiM HUILDINGS; VILLAGE ARCHITKCTURE ; DESIGNS 
 FOR LODGES AND PARK ENTRANCES; AND THE VITRl'VH^S BRITANNH l'S. 
 
 THE LANDSCAPES DRAWN ON STONE BY J. :D. HARDING. 
 
 FOURTH EDITION, GREATLY IMPROVED. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 HENRY G. BOHN, 4-, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 
 MDCCCXXXVI. 
 
LONDON- : 
 
 r. clay, printer, cread-stueet-hill, 
 doctors' commons. 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 Although various designs for Ornamental Cottages have from 
 time to time been given to the Pubhc, and some ingenuity displayed 
 in making them, much remains to be done on this very interesting 
 subject. In the most beautiful parts of this Country, the scenery is 
 disfigured by the impotent attempts of the Workman, unaided by the 
 pencil of the Artist ; and even among the English and Scotch Lakes, 
 the square spruce brick house, and tiled roof, obtrudes itself at every 
 turn, and carries back the ideas of the wanderer to the Metropolis, 
 and its environs. Cottage Architecture has so material an effect 
 among the features of a country, and occupies so conspicuous a place 
 in the picture, that it is well to consider what forms are most 
 pleasing, and least intrusive. The landscape Draughtsman com- 
 plains, with great reason, that the gabled roof, and ornamental 
 chimney, the mullioned window, and thatched {)enthouse, are daily 
 giving place to the Italian form, and crude verandah ; features incom- 
 patible with the humble and retired residence of the cottager. 
 
 With a view to restore a style i)eculiar perhaps to this country, 
 these designs are now presented to the Public ; many of them have 
 been erected, and the attempt has been to unite economy with 
 elegance, from a persuasion that effect may be produced even from 
 the rudest materials, without increasing the expenditure. 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 
 
 In publishing a Second Edition of my " Rural Architecture," I feel 
 induced to make some observations upon a style which once adorned 
 the fair landscape scenery of my native country, but which has been 
 of late years altogether neglected. The high pointed gable, and 
 enriched chimney stack ; the ornamental barge board, and mullioned 
 window ; the ivy-mantled porch, and lean-to roof, have given place 
 to the spruce square-built house and tiled roof, assuming the fashion 
 of our modern tradesmen's villas, with sashed windows and central 
 door, formality even extending to the outbuildings. The great 
 change which features of this class have produced within the last 
 twenty years is a subject of much regret to the landscape draughts- 
 man, and the true lover of the picturesque ; the scientific eye is 
 offended by this universal attempt to ape gentility, and the efforts of 
 the country carpenter, unassisted by the hand of art, too frequently 
 destroy feelings which exuberant nature, in all her wild luxuriance, 
 would otherwise give birth to. To preserve, in some degree, 
 features which afford so much pleasm*e when an ancient cottage 
 can be found in primitive simplicity, the following Series of Designs 
 have been composed, the rapid sale of the First Edition proving 
 how much the character is still held in esteem. 
 
 B 
 
ii 
 
 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 
 
 The subject, however, involves considerations of far greater 
 moment, and it may be well to reflect upon the advantages arising 
 to the cottager who fortunately possesses a scenic dwelling. Erected 
 with care, and with some attention to form, it becomes an object of 
 interest in the picture ; vistas are opened to admit of occasional 
 peeps from the pleasure ground, and a morning is frequently 
 dedicated to visit the thriving family. The attention of the landlord 
 is met by the assiduity of the tenant, and neatness and even 
 elegance is the result. The woodbine is trained with care round 
 the window, every unseemly object is kept out of sight, and the 
 good wife, anxious to please her benefactress, and grateful for the 
 attention paid, to her, is ever on the watch for the morning visit, 
 and consequently always in order. The rosy-cheeked smiling 
 children, proudly showing the little presents occasionally made to 
 them, for good behaviour, exhibit a marked contrast to the neigh- 
 bouring poor, whose unhealthy countenances betray the neglected 
 state of their habitations ; motives of humanity may induce tempo- 
 rary visits to the one, but we turn away with offended feelings, and 
 reach the favourite cottage, relieved and happy. 
 
 Presuming that many are deterred from studying effect in this 
 humble and neglected species of Architecture, from a fear of being 
 involved in unnecessary expense ; it may not be lost time to show 
 that a scenic dwelling may be erected, by a proper arrangement of 
 the materials, at the same cost with the less attractive structure. 
 Admitting this (and many instances may be adduced to prove it,) 
 few would disregard a subject of some importance to the painter, 
 and more especially to the well-being and happiness of our peasantry. 
 
 The foregoing observations apply particularly to the Gate Lodge, 
 
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 
 
 iii 
 
 the Gamekeeper's and Bailiff's Cottages, for which the First Eight 
 Subjects present Designs. These are all of humble description, and 
 the attempt has been to unite economy with elegance. Plans for 
 connected cottages follow, and these produced Almshouses, a species 
 of dwelling hitherto much neglected. Buildings of this class should 
 be kept particularly neat, and the recent erection near the Highgate 
 Archway will prove the good effect produced by some attention to 
 the comforts of the poor. The Designs XIX. and XX. show the 
 application of the old English style of Architecture to residences. 
 
 I have announced a continuation of the present work as applicable 
 to Farm Buildings of every description, meaning to show that the 
 humblest shed may be erected with some regard to effect. In the 
 course of the work, the Village Church, the Parsonage, and School 
 House, will be introduced. 
 
 P. F. ROBINSON, Architect. 
 
 BROOK STREET, GROSVENOK SQUARE, 
 ylprilO, 182G. 
 
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. 
 
 The extraordinary sale of this little Work, originally published in 
 the year 1822, and now demanding a Third Edition, has certainly 
 far exceeded my expectations ; and I own that the success attending 
 my exertions to restore a species of Architecture, till now sadly 
 neglected and almost forgotten, has been of a most gratifying 
 nature. In reprinting the Work, most of the Plates have been 
 redrawn upon the stone ; and as the art of Lithography has con- 
 siderably improved since the publication of the original Work, 
 I have reason to hope that this new Edition will be at least equal 
 to the first in point of interest. The attention which has been 
 bestowed upon this reprint, has delayed the production of my Work 
 on Farm Buildings ; but as all the subjects are composed, this 
 will now regularly go forward to its completion. 
 
 P. F. ROBINSON, Architect, F.S.A. 
 
 BROOK STREET, GROSVENOR SQUARE, 
 November 1, 1828. 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. 
 
 The very extensive sale of this Work has far exceeded my expec- 
 tations ; and as the demand still continues, or rather increases, a 
 Fourth Edition is now called for. As many of the Plates were 
 nearly worn out, they have been re-drawn at considerable expense ; 
 and I therefore hope this new Edition will be at least equal to 
 the first. 
 
 Having been much engaged in designing Cottages, and in 
 improving the effect of those already built, it is my intention to 
 make a selection from my Sketches, and to publish a Supplement 
 to the present Work. This will be shortly announced ; and as 
 all the subjects will be chosen from buildings actually erected, or 
 in progress, I hope the value will be appreciated accordingly. A 
 book of mere designs certainly does not rank, in the estimation of 
 an Architect, with the practical information to be obtained from 
 those actually carried into effect. 
 
 P. F. ROBINSON, Architect, F.A.S. & F.G.S. 
 
 Vice-President of the Institute of British .Irchilects. 
 
 miOOK STREET, GROSVENOR SQUARE, 
 
 September 21, 1836. 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 LIST OF 
 
 Design, No. I. 
 FOR A GATE LODGE. 
 
 No. 
 
 1. Plan. 
 
 2. Front Elevation. 
 
 3. Side Elevation. 
 
 4. Perspective View. 
 
 Design, No. II. 
 FOR A GATE LODGE. 
 
 5. Plan. 
 
 6. Front Elevation. 
 
 7. Side Elevation. 
 
 8. Perspective View. 
 
 Design, No. III. 
 FOR A GAMEKEEPERS COTTAGE. 
 9. Plan. 
 
 10. Side Elevation. 
 
 1 1 . Front Elevation. 
 
 12. Perspective View. 
 
 THE PLATES. 
 
 Design, No. IV. 
 FOR A BAILIFF S COTTAGE. 
 
 No. 
 
 13. Plan. 
 
 14. Front Elevation. 
 1.5. Side Elevation. 
 16. Perspective View. 
 
 Design, No. V. 
 FOR A FARM HOUSE. 
 
 17. Plan. 
 
 18. Elevation. 
 
 19. Side Elevation. 
 
 20. Perspective View. 
 
 Design, No. VI. 
 FOR A FARM HOUSE. 
 
 21. Plan. 
 
 22. Elevation. 
 
 23. Side Elevation. 
 
 24. Perspective View. 
 
LIST 
 
 Design, No. VII. 
 FOR A GATE COTTAGE. 
 
 No. 
 
 25. Plan. 
 
 26. Front Elevation. 
 
 27. Side Elevation. 
 
 28. Perspective View. 
 
 Design, No. VIII. 
 FOR A SWISS COTTAGE. 
 
 29. Plan. 
 
 30. Elevation. 
 
 31. Side Elevation. 
 
 32. Perspective View. 
 
 Design, No. IX. 
 FOR A FARM HOUSE. 
 
 33. Plan. 
 
 34. Elevation. 
 
 35. Side Elevation. 
 
 36. Perspective View. 
 
 Design, No. X. 
 FOR A PARSONAGE. 
 
 37. Plan. 
 
 38. Elevation. 
 
 39. Side Elet^ation. 
 'to. Perspective View. 
 
 OF PLATES. 
 
 Design, No. XI. 
 FOR A DOUBLE COTTAGE. 
 
 No. 
 
 41. Plan. 
 42^ Elevation. 
 
 43. Side Elevation. 
 
 44. Perspective View. • 
 
 Design, No. XII. 
 - FOR SIX ALMSHOUSES. 
 
 45. Plan. 
 
 46. Elevation. 
 
 47. Side Elevation. 
 
 48. Perspective View. 
 
 Design, No. XIII. 
 FOR FOUR CONNECTED COTTAGES. 
 
 49. Plan. 
 
 50. Elevation. 
 
 .51. Perspective View. 
 
 52. Cottage Door and Window, with 
 details. 
 
 Design, No. XIV. 
 FOR A SWISS FARM HOUSE. 
 
 53. Plan. 
 
 54. Front Elevation. 
 
 55. Side Elevation. 
 
 56. Perspective View'. 
 
LIST or 
 
 l>r,ATF,S. 
 
 Design, No. XV'. 
 FOR A COURT OF ALMSHOUSES. 
 
 No. 
 
 57. Plan of the Quadratiglc. 
 .58. Elevation. 
 
 .59. Elevation f'oi- oiio Side of the Interior 
 Court. 
 
 60. Perspective View. > 
 
 61. Plan of the Chapel. 
 
 62. Elevation of the Chapel. 
 
 63. G<:ometrical Section. 
 
 64-. Interior of the Chapel in Perspective. 
 
 65. Plan of the Entran<'e Gateway. 
 
 66. Perspective View through the Gateway. 
 
 67. Perspective View of tlie Quadrangle. 
 6H. Specimens of Ornamental Chimney 
 
 Stacks. 
 
 Dksign, No. XVI. 
 
 FOR A I50AT HOUSE AND FISHINO 
 COTTAGi:. 
 
 69. Plan. 
 
 70. Elevation towards the Lake. 
 
 71. Side Elevation. 
 
 72. Pers])Octive Viev . 
 
 Desi<;n, No. XVII. 
 FOR A OATE COTTAGE. 
 
 73. Plan. 
 
 74. Front Elevation. 
 
 75. Side Elevation. 
 
 76. Perspective View. 
 
 Design, No. XVIII. 
 FOR A DAIRY. 
 
 No. 
 
 77. Plan. 
 
 78. Elevation. 
 
 79. Side Elevation. 
 bO. Perspective View. 
 
 81. Ornamental Uarge Boards and Pen 
 dants. 
 
 .S2. Ornamental liarge I'.ojird-; and Pen- 
 dants. 
 
 Di;.siG\, No. XIX. 
 FOR A RKSIDIvNCE. 
 
 83, (iroiind Plan. 
 
 84'. Elevation. 
 
 85. Side Elevation. 
 
 86. Side Elevation. 
 
 87. Elevation and Profile of the Porch. 
 
 88. Perspective View of the Ikulding. 
 
 Dksig.v, No. XX. 
 FOR A RESIDENCE. 
 
 89. Plan of llie Porcli. 
 
 <J(). Elevation of tlu- I'in-eli in Persixctive. 
 
 91. Elevation of tiie (Jardener's Kooniaiid 
 
 Sheds. 
 
 92. Elevation of the Dairy. 
 
 93. Ground Plan of the House. 
 
 94. Elevation of the Entrance Front. 
 
 95. Side Elevation. 
 
 96. Perspective View. 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. I. 
 
 The Design, of which Plate No. I. exhibits the Ground Phm, 
 consists of an Entrance Porch, a Parlour, Kitchen, Out-house, 
 and Cellar, with three Rooms above. It has been erected 
 for Sir Robert Vaughan, near Dolgelly, as a Gate Lodge ; and 
 was built of brick, roughcasted, and coloured with stone quoins, 
 and dressings to the Windows and Doorways. The external 
 timbers are painted to resemble oak, and the Roof is thatched 
 with reed. The Gables are enriched with pendants and 
 ornamental barge boards. The Lean-to is supported by rude 
 uprights of oak, placed on stone plinths, having branches in 
 short lengths nailed against them : creepers are trained up 
 these posts. 
 
 The Plates No. II. and III. are geometrical tllevations of 
 two Fronts, and No. IV. a perspective view of this Design. 
 
« 
 
'3 
 
I 
 
 RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. II. 
 
 This Cottage has also been erected for Sir Robert Vaughaii, 
 as a Gate Lodge, and consists of a Porch, Parlour, Kitchen, 
 and Cellar, with three Rooms above. It was built of stone, 
 with squared stones at the angles. The circular shafts of the 
 Chimneys are erected in brick work, and the Ornaments 
 executed in Roman cement. The Roof is covered with stone ; 
 and the Gables finished in the same manner as Design No. I. 
 
 Plate 5. Plan. 
 
 6. Front Elevation. 
 
 7. Side Elevation. 
 
 8. Perspective View. 
 
0 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. III. 
 
 As it is the Author's wish to prove, in the course of the present 
 Work, that the humblest dweUing may be erected, by a proper 
 management of the materials, so as to produce a pleasing 
 effect, and at the same expense as the common-place and 
 ill-shaped structures now so invariably seen in all parts of 
 the country ; he purposes giving designs of the simplest form 
 and construction, thence gradually rising to those of more 
 consequence. In the choice of the materials, the rudest 
 should be selected as best adapted to the means of the 
 Cottager. Thus, unhewn stone, shaped only at the angles 
 with a sparing hand ; pebble fronts, or roughcast, may be 
 properly applied, with oak, formed and fitted to its place by 
 the axe alone. The mere Woodman is the best artificer for 
 the Cottage, and thus expense in wages is saved. External 
 painting should be made to resemble oak, and no other colour 
 used. 
 
 The Design No. III. is one Story only in height. It was 
 erected in Scotland for a Gamekeeper, and contains a Kitchen, 
 Parlour, Bedroom, and Outhouse. It was built of stone, and 
 is covered with a stone roof. 
 
 Plate 9. Plan. 
 
 10. Side Elevation. 
 
 11. Front Elevation. 
 
 12. Perspective View. 
 
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RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. IV. 
 
 This Building was erected for J. H. Vivian, Esq. M.P. near 
 Swansea, for a Bailiff, having a family. It contains a Kitchen, 
 Parlour, Cellar, Outhouse, and Milkhouse, with an entrance 
 Porch on the Ground Floor, and three Chambers above. 
 Although some ornament is applied externally, the whole may 
 be formed by the hand of the Labourer with a little instruction. 
 The awning is covered with split oak shingles, the ends being 
 rounded by the saw, and a mould being j)reviously cut, the 
 workman quickly produces an effect which is very pleasing. 
 An objection may probably be raised to the ornamental shafted 
 Chimney, and it is true that this creates some labour, but a 
 little practice will conquer any difficulty which may at first 
 appear, and the effect will amply pay for this additional labour. 
 Bricks formed in moulds to chfferent patterns are easily a})plied 
 to circular and octangular shafts. 
 
 Plate 13. Plan. 
 
 14. Front Elevation. 
 
 15. Side Elevation. 
 1(). l^erspective View. 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. V. 
 
 This Plan affords accommodation for a family. It was erected 
 for a Farm House, and it contains a Porch, Parlour, Bed 
 Room, Kitchen, Milk House, and Cellar, on the Ground 
 Floor, with three Bed-chambers above. As the Chimney is 
 a feature of considerable importance in cottage architecture, 
 an outline is here given exhibiting its proportions, with a 
 sHght awning or lean-to around its base. The situation of the 
 windows will make this plan equally applicable as a Gate 
 Cottage. 
 
 Plate 17. Plan. 
 
 18. Elevation. 
 
 19. Side Elevation. 
 
 20. Perspective View. 
 
0 
 
 0 
 
 r 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. VI. 
 
 As regularity of design has its advocates, a plan is here 
 given, having a Central Porch, a Parlour on each side, 
 with a Kitchen and Outhouse, in the back front, as lean-to 
 buildings. It was erected as a Farm House, and it contains 
 three Chambers above, one being over the Porch. The 
 Roof is thatched with reed, carefully bound at the ridge 
 and at the eaves, and if this is done by an expert hand, a 
 pleasing effect is produced. The hinges and handle of the 
 door and shutter should be a little in the style of those at 
 lifley Church, hi Oxfordshire ; South Weald Church, Essex ; 
 or Barfreston, in Kent ; so admirably explained in Britton's 
 Architectural Anticjuities. This building was erected for 
 Sir Robert Vaughan, Bart., near Dolgelley. 
 
 Plate 21. Plan. 
 
 22. Elevation. 
 
 23. Side Elevation. 
 
 24. Perspective View. 
 
* 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. VII. 
 
 This Design is of a very humble description, comprehending 
 only a Sitting Room, fifteen feet by twelve, with a Bed-Room 
 over, and a Lean-to, Out-house, or Kitchen. It was built as a 
 Gate Cottage, of brick, roughcasted, with stone quoins and 
 stone dressings to the windows and doors. The Roof is 
 thatched with reed. 
 
 The form and size of the mullion is of considerable 
 importance in giving the Cottage Window its peculiar 
 character : in most modern buildings the moulding is too 
 light, and the sash-frame is upon the same surface with 
 the wall ; the effect is consequently mean, as little or no 
 shadow is projected, and the whole wants depth and solidity. 
 The water table also is in this case wanting, a feature of 
 much value in perfecting the window. 
 
 This building was erected for the late Sir James Mac- 
 donald, Bart., near Liphook. 
 
 Plate 25. Plan. 
 
 26. Front Elevation. 
 
 27. Side Elevation. 
 
 28. Perspective View. 
 
EURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. VIII. 
 
 As the Author has frequently been asked for some designs 
 for Swiss Cottages, he proposes occasionally to introduce them 
 in this work, having studied the buildings of that country, 
 on his return from Italy, in the year 1816. They are built 
 of timber, on a foundation of stone, and fancifully ornamented 
 by colour, the general face of the building being left without 
 any painting. The Roofs frequently project six and even 
 eight feet, supported by ornamental brackets ; they are 
 covered with oak shingles, and are usually loaded with 
 fragments of rock, to prevent the wind from lifting the roof, 
 which might otherwise be the case, in consequence of this 
 great projection. The external stair, or ladder, and the 
 small galleries close under the eaves of the roof, give a 
 particular air, or character, to these Cottages. 
 
 Plate 29. Plan. 
 
 30. Elevation. 
 
 31. Side Elevation. 
 
 32. Perspective View. 
 
4k 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. IX. 
 
 The Farm House, of which a plan is given in Plate No. 33, 
 contains two Parlours, sixteen feet by twelve, a Kitchen, 
 thirteen feet by eight feet six inches, a Scullery, and a Stair- 
 case, with three rooms above. It is built of stone, the quoins 
 being worked, as well as the dressings to the Windows and 
 Doors, the Cornices and Chimney Shafts. A due regard 
 being paid to the proportions of the component parts, this 
 Design produces a pleasing effect, and in a country where 
 the material and labour is cheap, it will not prove by any 
 means an expensive building. 
 
 Plate 33. Plan. 
 
 34. Elevation. 
 
 35. Side Elevation. 
 
 36. Perspective View. 
 
.1 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. X. 
 
 The plan, represented in Plate No. 37, was intended for a 
 Parsonage. It contains two Parlours, communicating by 
 folding doors, fourteen feet by twelve each, and ten feet in 
 height. A Kitchen and Scullery, with a Porch, seven feet 
 by five feet six inches, opening to a Staircase seventeen feet 
 six inches by eight feet, with three rooms above. The 
 building was intended to have been erected in stone, with 
 an ornamental niche and canopy, and enriched chimney 
 stacks, in order to create effect in different points of view. 
 
 Plate 37. Plan. 
 
 38. Elevation, 
 
 39. Side Elevation. 
 
 40. Perspective View. 
 
RUKAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XI. 
 
 As economy is of the first consideration in erecting Cottages ; 
 a considerable advantage arises from building two, or more 
 together. In doing this, care should be taken in arranging 
 the plan, to keep the entrances as far apart as possible, in 
 order to avoid the little quarrels which perpetually ensue, 
 when they are connected. In the plan for the double 
 Cottage, Plate 41, it may be observed this has been attended 
 to, and although connected, each inhabitant is to a certain 
 degree independent of his neighbour. Each dwelling com- 
 prehends a Parlour, Kitchen, Out-house, and Staircase, with 
 three Rooms above, and every regard has been paid to 
 comfort, in the arrangement of the apartments ; another 
 advantage arising from the double Cottage is, that it admits 
 of more features, and consequently more picturesque effect in 
 composing the Elevation than the single one can produce. 
 
 Plate 41. Plan. 
 
 42. Elevation. 
 
 43. Side Elevation. 
 
 44. Perspective View. 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XII. 
 
 The Plan, No. 45, contains six Almshouses attached. The 
 common mode of erecting buildings of this description is to 
 make one line, or row, with the doors connected ; by the plan 
 })roposed, each dwelling has its entrance apart, and as the 
 disposition affords small internal areas or gardens, the turf 
 stacks may there be placed, allowing the space before the 
 Houses to be kept clean and neat. Each dwelling com- 
 I)rehends a Room twelve feet square, and a second twelve by 
 eight, on the Ground floor, with two Rooms above. 
 
 Plate 45. Plan. 
 
 46. Elevation. 
 
 47. Side Elevation. 
 
 48. Perspective View. 
 
f. 
 
\ 
 
 * 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XIII. 
 
 The Plan, No. 49, comprehends four connected Cottages, or 
 Almshouses, each containing a Kitchen, twelve feet by eleven, 
 and a Bed-room twelve feet square, with two Bed-rooms of 
 the same size above. The Chimnies are brought together 
 in the centre. It was erected for Sir Robert Vaughan, near 
 Dolgelly. 
 
 As each front presents the same elevation (exhibited in 
 Plate, No. 50,) a drawing of a Cottage Door and Window 
 to a large scale is given in Plate, No. 51, in order to show 
 the proportions of the component parts. These are figured, 
 and may help the workman in carrying the design into effect. 
 
 Plate 49. Plan. 
 
 50. Elevation. 
 
 51. Perspective View. 
 
 52. Cottage Door and Window, with details. 
 
J3 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XIV. 
 
 The Swiss Farm House frequently contains buildings of every 
 description under the same roof, comprehending even the 
 Stabling, Cart-standings, and Granary ; and it is not unusual 
 to see the Horses and Carts placed in the second story of 
 the building, approached by a bridge, as shown in the 
 Elevations, Nos. 54 and 55. As this bridge gives a peculiar 
 air, or character to the building, it is here introduced as 
 an approach to the principal story of the dwelling ; the lower 
 story contains a Kitchen and Milkhouse or Dairy, with a 
 Parlour and Bedroom above, and two Bedrooms in the roof. 
 The large projecting Roofs and external Galleries are here 
 presented, so characteristic of this peculiar style of building. 
 
 Plate 5»'3. Plan. 
 
 54. Front Elevation. 
 
 55. Side Elevation. 
 5G. Perspective View, 
 
□ □ 
 
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I 
 
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 4 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XV. 
 
 In making provision for the aged and infirm, it is pleasing 
 to render their Cottages, or humble habitations, objects of 
 interest, not only as the dwellings of retired domestics whose 
 faithful services claim an occasional visit, but as picturesque 
 features in the landscape, upon which the eye rests with 
 satisfaction, as the modest gable appears in view. The 
 architectural appearance of the building is no doubt a 
 secondary consideration, but when effect can be produced 
 by simple means, and at a moderate expense, this double 
 interest is created. It is fair also to urge that an Ornamental 
 Cottage is kept with more care and attention ; that all 
 unseemly objects are more studiously put out of sight, and 
 that the habits of the Cottager himself are thus improved 
 and rendered more pleasing than those of his neighbour 
 who resides in the less inviting dwelling ; from the latter 
 we turn with disgust ; the muck heap at the door, and 
 the idle children wallowing in their own filth, are not very 
 tempting objects to the patroness, who delights in decency 
 
and good order. In erecting Almshouses, these feehngs 
 are more particularly excited, as in a congregation of many 
 persons, cleanliness, decency, and good order, must be 
 essential. With few exceptions, buildings of this description 
 are erected without care or attention as far as applies to 
 appearance, yet the foregoing observations have in this case 
 still greater weight, as whatever can add to the comfort of 
 the individuals for whom the building is destined, must be 
 a matter worthy of consideration. If then a good plan be 
 adopted, with an Elevation of some interest in its general 
 outline ; if the whole be constructed with care, consequences 
 the most important to the welfare of the inhabitants will 
 follow. The little gardens will be trimmed with attention, 
 the woodbine and ivy will be trained round the mullioned 
 window, inviting a nearer approach, and the interior will 
 present a well-arranged system of comfort and cleanliness. 
 The pleasure arising from occasional visits to the aged 
 dependant, will be repaid by new attention on her part, and 
 the dwelling will eventually become a little picture of pride 
 and satisfaction to both parties, produced by feelings flowing 
 from different sources. 
 
 The present Number contains a Design for a Court of 
 Almshouses, the plan (Plate 57) showing the proposed outline. 
 It comprehends thirty-four separate dwellings, each consisting 
 of a Kitchen and Parlour, with two Bed-rooms above ; the 
 approach is by a central gateway into an interior Court, 
 
surrounded by an Arcade, or Cloister, affording access to the 
 several apartments. At each angle of the building is a small 
 Court, containing sheds for fuel, and such objects as should 
 be kept out of sight ; the large Area or Court being laid 
 down with grass, intersected by walks, with a fountain in 
 the centre : opposite to the entrance Gateway, a Chapel is 
 planned, with seats sufficient for the whole community. 
 
 Plate 57. Plan of the Quadrangle. 
 
 58. Elevation. 
 
 59. Elevation for one side of the interior Court. 
 
 60. Perspective View. 
 
 61. Plan of the Chapel. 
 
 62. Elevation of the Chapel. 
 
 63. Geometrical Section. 
 
 64. Interior of the Chapel in perspective. 
 
 The Mercers' Alms Houses, near the Highgate Archway, 
 built by George Smith, Esq., were arranged after this design. 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XV. 
 (Continued.) 
 
 The first three Plates of this Number complete the Design 
 for the Court of Almshouses. They are numbered as 
 follow : — 
 
 Plate 65. Plan of the Entrance Gateway. 
 
 66. Perspective View through the Gateway. 
 
 67. Perspective View of the Quadi-angle. 
 
 The fountain in the centre of the Quadrangle, is designed 
 after the font in Walsingham Church, Norfolk, justly cele- 
 brated for its beauty. 
 
 The specimens of ornamental Chimney Stacks, given in 
 Plate 68, are selected from those at St. Cross, near Win- 
 chester, and Hampton Court Palace. The Chimney Stack 
 was originally a feature of considerable importance, and 
 great care was displayed in its construction ; very beautiful 
 specimens may be found at East Barsham Hall, in Norfolk ; 
 at Eton College, in Buckinghamshire ; and at Hengrave Hall, 
 in Suffolk. 
 
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RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XVI. 
 
 A Boat House may, without much difficulty or expense, be 
 rendered a pleasing object in Park scenery. In order to add 
 to its effect, a small building is here proposed to be erected 
 over it, comprehending a Fishing Cottage, with a Gardener's 
 Room and a Rustic Seat ; — a terrace wall bounds the Lake, 
 and from each side of the Boat House steps ascend to the 
 Garden. The design is explained by the following Plates : 
 
 Plate 69. Plan. 
 
 70. Elevation towards the Lake. 
 
 71. Side Elevation. 
 
 72. Perspective View. 
 
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RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XVII. 
 
 The Plate, No, 73, exhibits the plan of a Cottage, erected 
 as a Gate Lodge. It contains a Parlour, fourteen feet square, 
 with a Kitchen, fourteen feet by twelve, a Porch, Dairy, 
 and Woodhouse, with two rooms above. The detail of 
 the ornamental barge boards and pendants, will be given 
 in a subsequent number. 
 
 A very elegant Gate Lodge has recently been erected by 
 the Bishop of London at Fulham Palace. It is the pro- 
 duction of an Amateur, and displays good taste throughout. 
 The Gentleman who composed the design, is entirely 
 unknown to the Author of the present work, and he there- 
 fore more freely offers his meed of praise, in noticing a 
 composition so far superior to similar efforts of the present 
 day. 
 
 Plate 73. Plan. 
 
 74. Front Elevation. 
 
 75. Side Elevation. 
 
 76. Perspective View. 
 
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RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XVIII. 
 
 Many successful attempts have been made in erecting 
 ornamental Dairies, and various places might be named 
 where a walk to the dairy is rendered interesting by the 
 simplicity, or beauty of its architecture. The first-named 
 character is perhaps best suited to a building of this 
 description, and the Design, No. 18, is conceived with this 
 feeling. The windows should be glazed with painted glass, 
 the floor paved with marble, and a shelf of the same material 
 for the milk coolers ; these should be of Wedgewood's 
 ware, and the sides of the room, from the dresser to the 
 cornice, may be finished with small tiles of the same manu- 
 facture, with ornamental borders. In the centre, an anticjue 
 tazza on a pedestal, may be placed with good effect. 
 
 Plate 77. Plan. 
 
 78. Elevation. 
 
 79. Side Elevation. 
 
 80. Perspective View. 
 
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RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XVIII. 
 
 ( Continued.) 
 
 ORNAMENTAL BARGE BOARDS. 
 
 The plates No. 81 and 82 explain the detail of ornamental 
 barge boards, with the pendants and springers. These 
 give a peculiar air of richness to a gable, and as the barge 
 boards are merely cut of a deal two inches in thickness, 
 the expense is not a material consideration, unless the pattern 
 is very intricate. The designs here given are applicable to 
 ornamental dwellings ; for Labourers' Cottages the figure 
 cannot be too simple, examples for which may be seen in 
 Designs No. 1 and 2. 
 
 The pendants are octangular on the plan, and much variety 
 may be introduced in forming them. 
 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XIX. 
 
 In applying Cottage Architecture to a residence, much care 
 is necessary in preserving the simphcity of the component 
 parts, or the idea of the cottage will be lost in the magnitude 
 of the building. The term indeed is barely applicable but 
 to dwellings on a very moderate scale, and any endeavour 
 to apply the character to larger edifices has invariably failed, 
 excepting where the architect has produced the appearance 
 of a cluster of cottages. The Plate No. 83 shews the plan 
 of a House erected a few years since by the Author of the 
 present work, where an attempt was made to create a 
 Gentleman's residence upon a scale sufficiently large to 
 acquire the ordinary conveniences, without allowing the 
 building to assume too much importance. It consists on 
 the ground plan of an entrance Porch and Hall, twelve feet 
 square, an Eating Room, seventeen feet by fourteen feet, 
 exclusive of the bow, and of the recess for the sideboard ; a 
 Drawing Room, eighteen feet by fifteen feet, and Library, 
 seventeen feet by twelve feet, exclusive of the bow in each 
 room ; the upper floor contains four Bed-chuinbers. The 
 Offices (not shewn on the plan) consist of a Kitchen and 
 Scullery, with Larders ; a Servants' Hall, with five Bed-rooms 
 
over. The Plates, 84, 85, and 86, exhibit the Elevation of 
 three Fronts. No. 87 is an Elevation and Profile of the 
 Porch, and No. 88, a perspective View of the Building. 
 
 The Building was erected for John Woodcock, Esq. of 
 Fern Acres, near Bulstrode, Bucks. 
 
 Plate 83. Ground Plan. 
 
 84. Elevation. 
 
 85. Side Elevation. 
 
 86. Side Elevation. 
 
 87. Elevation and Profile of the Porch. 
 
 88. Perspective View of the Building. 
 
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RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 DESIGN, No. XX. 
 
 As a conclusion to the present work, and in order to give 
 another specimen of Rural Architecture applied to a resi- 
 dence, the following eight plates are given. The Design, 
 No. 20, was erected a few years since in Surry, and although 
 the Cottage style has been adopted, or rather that perhaps 
 of the ancient Manor House (for it can hardly from its size 
 be denominated a Cottage), it has internally been arranged 
 with every attention to comfort, and perhaps elegance. 
 The Porch, of which the Plate, No. 89, gives the plan, is 
 eight feet square ; it is groined, or vaulted, and the floor 
 is painted in imitation of an ancient tessellated pavement- 
 The Elevation and Interior of this Porch is explained by 
 the Plate No. 90, with the parts of the building connected. 
 The Hall is twenty-one feet by thirteen feet, and twenty- 
 three feet high, being the whole height of the building ; it 
 is vaulted, with a gallery across the end. The Drawing 
 Room is thirty-seven feet in length by seventeen in width* 
 exclusive of the bay windows ; this room is in two compart- 
 ments ; the bay windows are deeply recessed, being six feet 
 in depth. The Eating Room is twenty-four feet by seventeen 
 feet, the Billiard Room twenty-one by fifteen feet, both 
 exclusive of the bay windows. The Library is octangular, 
 fifteen feet in diameter, with a circular vestibule twelve feet 
 in diameter, opening into a Conservatory thirty feet by fifteen 
 feet ; the Staircase is fifteen feet by thirteen feet. 
 
The Chamber Story contains five rooms, with Dressing 
 Rooms. The Offices consist of a Kitchen and Scullery, 
 Housekeeper's Room, Store Room, Servants' Hall, and 
 Butler's Pantry. The Ground Plan of the House is shewn 
 in Plate, No. 93. . 
 
 The Plates 94 and 95 exhibit the geometrical Elevations ; 
 and 96, the perspective View of the whole. 
 
 It will appear from the foregoing account of the number 
 and size of the apartments, that this building is of some 
 extent. The Elevations will shew the effect it produces ; 
 in some points of view it scarcely assumes more than the 
 appearance of a Cottage. 
 
 The Plate, No. 91, is an Elevation of the Gardener's Room 
 and Sheds. No. 92, that of the Dairy. 
 
 The building was erected for Lieut. Gen. Bayly Wallis, 
 near Leatherhead, in Surrey. 
 
 Plate 89. Plan of the Porch. 
 
 90. Elevation of the Porch in Perspective. 
 
 91. Elevation of the Gardener's Room and Sheds. 
 
 92. Elevation of the Dairy. 
 
 93. Ground Plan of the House. 
 
 94. Elevation of the Entrance Front. 
 
 95. Side Elevation. 
 
 96. Perspective View. 
 
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RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 ESTIMATES. 
 
 As Estimates are frequently enquired for, I annex the 
 following sums for which the different designs may be carried 
 into effect according to the London prices. Estimates, how- 
 ever, are always subject to local circumstances, and must vary 
 considerably, the article of carriage alone being a matter of 
 much consideration. The List may serve as some guide. 
 
 P. F. R. 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 a. 
 
 No. 1. . 
 
 270 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 2. 
 
 . . 300 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 3. . 
 
 220 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4. 
 
 . . 320 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5. . . . 
 
 310 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 
 
 . . 350 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 7. . 
 
 200 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8. 
 
 . . 240 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 9. . 
 
 370 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10. 
 
 . . 430 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 n. . 
 
 620 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 12. 
 
 . . 1200 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 13. . 
 
 . 1000 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 14. 
 
 . . 280 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 15. . 
 
 240 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 16. 
 
 . . 300 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 17. . 
 
 330 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 18. 
 
 . . 380 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 19. . 
 
 . 2000 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 20. 
 
 . . 4500 
 
 0 
 
 0