A 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE ARCHITECTURAL 
 
 SKETCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 <Srace=£19ausoleum, 
 
 IN THE 
 
 QUEENS COUNTY. 
 
 TAKEN FROM TH|S 
 
 STATISTICAL ACCOUNT, 
 
 OR 
 
 PAROCHIAL SURVEY OF IRELAND , 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM SHAW MASON, ESQ. M. R. I. A. 
 SECRETARY TO THE BOARD OF PUBLIC RECORDS. 
 
 
 “ Solatia superstitum 
 
 DUBLIN: 
 
 IprCntetf at fyc ^aulfcim* 
 
 oic,ioccc,xix. 
 
 This impression consists of gQ copies--, 
 
TO 
 
 CHARLES BATHURST 
 
 OF LYDNEY PARK, ESQ. 
 
 THIS PRODUCTION, 
 
 IN TOKEN OF 
 
 fcARLY, AFFECTIONATE, AND UNINTERRUPTED FRIENDSHIP 
 
 IS INSCRIBED 
 
 BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
THE Author of the Statistical Survey has en- 
 deavoured, in the return of each parish, to exhibit not 
 only its actual state, but its progressive and prospective 
 advancement in education, industry and wealth. In illus- 
 tration of these endeavours he has carefully detailed the 
 existing prices of labour, of provisions, of land, and of 
 almost every description of property which the range of a 
 parochial survey could embrace. He has consequently 
 always been desirous, though hitherto unable, to impart 
 minute and authentic information on the local expenses of 
 building ; a subject closely connected with the internal 
 improvement of the country, and strikingly indicative of 
 its permanent prosperity. With a view of filling up this 
 hiatus, he now avails himself of the following architectural 
 sketch, which, though somewhat deviating from the pa- 
 rochial arrangement, heretofore adopted, is nevertheless 
 strictly statistical, and obviously contributes to the design 
 of these volumes by the very circumstantial return ac- 
 companying it, of the price of this description of labour 
 and materials, and of most of the expenses commonly at- 
 tendant on building. 
 
 The local and biographical details necessarily con- 
 nected with the subject of this little sketch, may possibly 
 afford some gratification also to the antiquary and topo- 
 grapher. 
 
A 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE &s architectural 
 
 SKETCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 GRACE-MAUSOLEUM, 
 
 A MELANCHOLY but impressive prbof of a fa. 
 mily’s consecutive descent, is to be found in the re- 
 cord of its deaths ; and as a deposit for these evi- 
 dences, which admit of nothing ulterior, the Mausolea 
 of all ages have been reared and consecrated by the 
 sympathy of the survivors. What has thus univer- 
 sally been the practice, must as universally have 
 been founded in our nature. If a mansion for the 
 accommodation of the living be imperative, so is one 
 for the reception of the dead called for, both by a 
 sense of duty and a feeling of affection : and accord- 
 ingly from the imposing Monument dedicated to the 
 memory of her lord by queen Artemisia, down to 
 the humble Morai of the Society-islands, such proofs 
 of respect and recollection have never been wanting. 
 Let it also not be forgotten, that while the foresight 
 and necessities of communities demand the distribu- 
 tion of its members into orders, the exhibition of 
 evidences, by which these civil relationships are im- 
 plied or preserved, must act impressively upon the* 
 
6 
 
 The Grace 
 
 minds of the population among which they are 
 placed.^ Such are the testimonials afforded by the 
 
 * The parochial place of burial for the population around 
 it through England and Wales, has not unfrequently ope- 
 rated as a cause both of originating and perpetuating evidence 
 to prove a boundary line amidst the numerous disputes, 
 which have so often arisen between contiguous parishes. 
 To “ perambulate the boundaries” is indeed a practice as 
 salutary, as it is ancient ; but it is not always observed, for 
 in too many instances it has been permitted to fall into dis- 
 use. The circumstance however of connection in the me- 
 lancholy act of burial, with a particular church, is so often 
 repeated, as to fix upon the recent recollections of the ex- 
 isting generation, the full knowledge of the fact. And 
 when we reflect that a generation is composed, not merely, 
 of the more adult inhabitants who reside in the parish, but 
 
 of those also “ qui nascuntur ab illis,” 
 
 we at once perceive that the chain of sequency, in this 
 matter of memory, is strongly forged and tenaciously pre- 
 served. In truth, persons living exclusively, or nearly so, 
 in great towns and cities, and trusting, for their power of 
 recalling facts, to an appeal to letters, have but few oppor* 
 tunities of appreciating the prodigious exactness, and in- 
 deed identity of recollection preserved from generation to 
 generation, among the rustic residents of a country parish. 
 It would scarcely be too much to say, that a sort of scale 
 might be formed, in this respect, by which the tradition 
 would be found strong, pretty much in proportion to the 
 seclusion of the place, in which it is preserved. Men full 
 of present cares, whether to tempt ambition or solicit for- 
 tune, are little disposed or well able to look back upon the 
 time that has gone by, when they are every hour of the day 
 w'i'th them, or of the daj^s before them, required to concert 
 a scheme or remove an obstacle. Thev are rowing ad- 
 verso flumine” upon the current of time, and the inter- 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 7 
 
 funereal monuments of every country, with the ex- 
 ception of some few perhaps, from whose contem- 
 plation for that very reason whether as a consequence 
 or a cause both morals and humanity have equally 
 revolted. It will be no matter of surprize therefore, 
 that to the memory of the descendants springing: from 
 an ancient race brought into Ireland by the Anglo- 
 Norman invasion, a tribute of recollection should 
 have been thus paid. 
 
 With these feelings, upon the decay of a former 
 and similar building, has the ‘present Mausoleum 
 of the Grace family been re-erected. It is situ- 
 ated in the village of Arles, the parochial union 
 of Killabin, barony of Slievemarigue, and in the 
 Queen’s county. 1 ^ Arles lies about 38 miles south- 
 west of Dublin, on the road between Carlow and 
 Gracefield, and is distant live miles from the former 
 of these places and two from the latter. This little 
 
 mission of a single stroke, often renders nugatory the pro- 
 gress effected by many a previous one. Not so the happy 
 villager or rustic, whose course gently gliding through the 
 vale of life, allows him long to survey the same objects, and 
 easily to recall them to mind, if any enquiry should be made, 
 or associations of recollections required. 
 
 * The Queen’s county was formed out of the great ter- 
 ritory of Leix, of which the O’Moores were lords, and 
 some smaller districts in 1557 ; but Upper Ossory was not 
 annexed to this county till the year 1600. Slievemarigue 
 or Slieumargie (or as called prior to the English invasion 
 Hy-Mairche) constituted a part of the county of Carlow in 
 1553, as appears by an inquisition of that date, taken to 
 prove the king’s title to the lands of Killishen, &c. situated 
 in the lordship of Slieumargie and county of Carlow; and 
 so continued till the statute 3d and 4th of Philip and Mary, 
 chap. 2. incorporated the Queen’s county. 
 
8 
 
 The Grace 
 
 village* ought perhaps, more properly, to be deno- 
 minated “ Ardglass,” which signifies an high hill. 
 
 * A tile manufactory was established here in the year 
 1811, by an industrious individual of the name of Nowlan. 
 The Arles flooring and roofing tiles are considered to be of 
 excellent materials, as well as of good workmanship. 
 About one hundred thousand flower-pots and one thousand 
 ridge-tiles, are the average weekly produce. They are sent 
 to Dublin as the most -certain market, but there is also a 
 considerable demand for them in Carlow, Atliy, Mary-, 
 borough, Portarlington, and among the resident gentry of 
 this neighbourhood. The manufacture also of yarn and 
 linen still survives, by a precarious existence, at Arles. It 
 is said to have been formerly the primary object of village 
 industry, and though now gradually declining, the produce 
 is stated to occasionally exceed the home consumption. 
 Ihis excess is generally sold at the fairs, as there is no 
 linen or yarn market in this county, and the only bleach- 
 green in it, is that of Lalor’s mill, near Maryborough. The 
 new system of spinning with double wheels, on an improved 
 principle, has this year been introduced with every pros- 
 pect of success in the neighbourhood of Cloughrennan, 
 Cooper-hill, and Gracefield, by the respective proprietors 
 of these three estates. 1 he spinner employs both hands in 
 using this wheel, which is different from the common kind 
 in having two flyers and two bands, and in producing with 
 the same labour or rather industry, a double quantity of 
 yarn. In Ireland nearly an eighth of the population is 
 considered to be without active employment, and destitute 
 of any certain mode of subsistence. If an encreased culti- 
 vation and manufacture of flax merely clothed and fed this 
 wretched portion, a substantial benefit would undoubtedly 
 be achieved. Where the advantageous results to the interest 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 9 
 
 though tradition ascribes the origin of its name to the 
 City of Arles in France* where some of the Ballylinch 
 
 of the landed proprietor are thus certain and obvious, it is 
 hoped that an appeal to his benevolent encouragement will 
 not be useless: for such is the incredible poverty of the 
 lower classes, that even |the purchase of a wheel (half a* 
 guinea) is an insurmountable obstacle to their willing in- 
 dustry. If the poor cottager were furnished with this im- 
 plement, and supplied with a few pottles of flax-seed on 
 credit, till he commenced the manufacture of its produce* 
 he could easily repay the utmost value of both, he could 
 secure ample and certain employment for his family, he 
 could make them useful members of society, and he could 
 abandon the vicious and disgusting, but at present the un- 
 avoidable practice of mendicity. It appears fro n a lute 
 newspaper statement that this country annually expends 
 nearly a million sterling, in the importation of foreign coarse 
 linens to make the finer linens of our northern counties an 
 assorted and marketable cargo for America. The article 
 on which this great sum is thus unprofitably expended, might 
 of all others be the most easily supplied, even from the 
 crude and infant efforts to extend this valuable manufac- 
 ture. Wherever flaxseed lias been sown, the crop has bet n 
 certain and abundant, and might, we will repeat, be made 
 with a very trifling portion of individual exertion, the never- 
 failing source of profitable industry to thousands of every age 
 and sex. A pottle of foreign flaxseed, which is sufficient 
 to sow two perches of ground, was sold this year from Is. 3d. 
 to 2s. Id. while the same quantity of home-saved flaxseed, 
 which is sufficient to sow one perch and a half of ground, 
 was selling at from 4d. to Is. 3d. Connected with the serious 
 evil of an unemployed, starving, and overgrown population 
 
 B 
 
10 
 
 The Grace 
 
 branch of the Grace family are said to have retired 
 from the religious and political feuds that distracted 
 
 is the prevailing spirit of emigration, which, in this neigh- 
 bourhood has in many instances overcome that instinctive 
 attachment to soil, that 
 
 “ Love of a land which gives them nought but life— ”* 
 
 and has burst asunder these local fetters which sometimes 
 bind even men of education to their parent earth in defi- 
 ance of the voice of reason and the positive advantages of a 
 changer f But these useless prejudices (often unsubdued 
 by the most hopeless want and misery) have in the gene- 
 rality of cases alluded to, been abandoned by the indus- 
 trious, the sober, and the comparatively wealthy. The 
 extreme poverty indeed of the still humbler cottager, pre- 
 sents an insuperable obstruction to his movements. Vast 
 numbers of this latter class would gladly bestow on the 
 boundless extent of reclaimable land in the new world, that 
 health and vigour which in the old is, both personally and 
 politically, wholly unprofitable for want of employment; 
 but men of the former description, who alone are able to 
 emigrate, can never be felt as the superfluous population of 
 any country, and whatever place they settle in, must be 
 essentially benefited by their talents and industry. It is to 
 be regretted that the vigilant agents of the United States, 
 induce most of these to become their adopted countrymen 
 
 * Byron’s Childe Harold, canto 1, stanza 85. 
 
 + It is to this instinctive love, so bountifully implanted in our nature 
 by the author of all good, for the endless multiplication of all good pur- 
 posas, that we are indebted— for patriotism, the principle, which ani- 
 mating British bosoms, and nerving British arms, has given us and is 
 giving us, the best parts of the globe. 
 
M.TIEW our the (Gbaceiiafsoi-ieum; 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 11 
 
 their native country. The position of the ground 
 certainly countenances the former of these etymolo- 
 gies ; but the ancient and established opinion of the 
 country almost confirms the latter. Some curious 
 biographical facts mightalso be adduced in illustration 
 of that opinion. It is certain, however, that Arles is 
 at present the only name borne by the village either 
 in maps, or in description, whether written or verbal; 
 and the confirmation of its accuracy or origin is not 
 essential to our subject. 
 
 The Mausoleum is of an oblong form, 21 feet in 
 length by 16 in breadth, with high gables terminat- 
 ing in richly ornamented pinnacles, which exceed 
 31 feet in height from the ground. With reference to 
 its base, this superstructure may perhaps be consi- 
 dered disproportionabiy lofty, hut its general appear- 
 ance is nevertheless by no means inelegant. Four an- 
 
 though the original or unappropriated land there, can only 
 be acquired by purchase from the state, while the Liiti.-h 
 government grants gratuitously twenty-live acres in fee, to 
 every settler in the North 'American provinces, or in the Cape 
 of Good Hope. As the several degrees of official encou- 
 ragement offered to emigration are not generally known in 
 this country, it may perhaps be uselul, as well as interest- 
 ing, to detail them accurately, from a communication had 
 last year, with the Colonial office. To every settler 25 
 acres : to every person who will take out and locate at least 
 ten settlers, 100O acres. A deposit of 10 1 . for every settler 
 must in this latter case be made, which will be returned on 
 his arrival at the colony. No fee of expense is incurred, 
 and tonnage will be found for the conveyance of these 
 
12 
 
 The Grace 
 
 grilar buttresses produce an effect of great apparent 
 solidity, as well as ofmuch positive beauty. Thearchi- 
 tecture is of that plainerorder of religious gothic, pre- 
 valent in the south of England. In Britton’santiquities, 
 the porch of Bishop Canning’s church, in Wiltshire, 
 is represented as somewhat similar in shape and 
 character. A picturesque and striking appearance 
 is happily combined with a sombre cast, strongly 
 indicative of its solemn design. Several venerable 
 ash trees of vast size, reputed to be coeval with the 
 original structure, stretch towards it their withered 
 arms. 
 
 “ all ragged shpv 
 
 “ Long lash’d by the r *dc winds. Some rift half down 
 “ Their branchless trunks ; others so thin at fop, 
 
 “ That scarce two crows can lodge in the same tree.” 
 
 Blair’s Grave „ 
 
 The numerous mementos of mortality, the solitary 
 passenger now and again on the church-yard path, 
 and the noiseless hamlet, also contribute to give a 
 suitable effect to the coup d’oeil. It occupies the site 
 of the south wing of the old church of Arles, a spot on 
 the highest point of an arm or promontory of the 
 Slievemargue hills, which stretches into the spacious 
 vale, and is distinguishable on the north-east from 
 
 settlers, bat not victualed. To every lieutenant colonel 
 v ho becomes a settler, 1200 acres. To every major 1000 
 acres. To captains, 800 acres. To subalterns, 500 acres. 
 To serjeant majors or quarter masters, S00 acres. To ser- 
 jeants, 200 acres. Navy officers of equivalent rank are 
 eutilled to receive similar grants. 
 
the Formes. was pvu.SDV0-vy nrl79S.ANo on the Sits of the Litter the Grace Wavsolevm was Erected aim. 
 
 *.(S. 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 13 
 
 Rathcoole, in the county of Dublin, distant above 
 36 miles ; while on the north, the east and the west 
 sides, a broken succession of hill and mountain forms 
 the remote boundaries of a surrounding amphi- 
 theatre.^ This southern wing,t commonly called 
 
 * The scenery from hence possesses a combination of 
 almost every description of inland rural beauty. Numerous 
 farm houses, with their hay and corn stacks, orchards, cat- 
 tle, and other appendages of rustic wealth and comfort, 
 i re seen dispersed over this great valley at various dis- 
 tances from the declivity of Arles-hill to the base of the 
 Wicklow mountains. Among these the river Barrow 
 bends its course through rich and verdant pastures, dotted 
 with flocks and herds, to the town of Carlow. The eye 
 also surveys in its progress from north to south the im- 
 proved demesnes of Gracefield, Inch, Rahin, Southville, 
 Kellyville, Kilmaroney, Belan, Davidstown, Shrule, Burton- 
 hall, Oak park, Polardton, Browne’s-hill, and Cooper’s- 
 hill. In the same range the towns of Athy, Kilcullen, Ba!- 
 tinglass, Carlow, with the Curragh, several villages, many 
 churches and castle r uins, are likewise conspicuous features 
 in this vast landscape, to which the Bole}’’, Stradbally and 
 Red hills form a variegated and magnificent back ground 
 on the north. Here a chasm in these links of mountain 
 boundary opens to the view an extent of country of above 
 30 miles, reaching almost to Dublin. The chain recom- 
 mences on the east with the black and table mountains, the 
 towering Lugnacullin. 
 
 “ Arrayed in many a dun and piiFple streak,” 
 
 Cadeen, Croghan, and the Curlew mountains ; the Golden 
 hills, Aghoul, and Mount Leinster to the south-west. 
 
 The two following rudely executed inscriptions were 
 formerly on stones or tablets, set in the old walls of Aries 
 
14 
 
 The Grace 
 
 il Grace’s chapel,” was erected in 1687 by Oliver* 
 Graced of Shanganagh, (now Gracefield,) and hisr 
 
 church. On the southern wing, “0. G. ccdif. an. 1587.’’ — 
 on the northern wing, “ built by Madam Scurlog, al. Hart- 
 pole, al. Walsh, 1687.’’ This latter stone has been trans- 
 ferred to the walls of the new building, and it still marks the 
 northern wing as it did formerly. 
 
 * Oliver Grace was chief remembrancer of the Exche- 
 quer of Ireland, (an office now held by the Marquis 
 Wellesley), M. P. for the borough of Ballynakill in the 
 Queen’s county, and a privy councellor to king James II. 
 Tie was eldest son of William Grace of Bally linch castle, 
 county of Kilkenny, and grandson of Gerald Grace of the 
 same, who fell at the battle of Kilrush in the army of his 
 uncle the Lord Mountgarret, on which the commonwealth 
 seized and confiscated the great patrimony of this branch of 
 the Grace family. William Grace of Ballylinch, was the 
 maternal half brother of Pierce Butler, 2d viscount Ikerin, 
 whose son James the 3d viscount, acquired by marriage 
 with the eldest daughter and co-heir of colonel Redman, (a 
 grantee of Cromwell’s) the castle of Ballylinch and a con., 
 siderable part of that estate. Another part of the same 
 property has, through the same channel, descended, 
 by a marriage, to lord Carbery ; and the right honourable 
 sir Hercules Langrishe, bart. M. P. (whose mother was a 
 daughter of Grace of Courtstown) likewise possessed, 
 in right of his wife, the grand daughter and heiress of cap- 
 tain Meihill (a grantee of Cromwell’s) a valuable portion 
 of this forfeited estate. It has thus casually happened that 
 to three near relatives of this family, the greatest part or 
 their Kilkenny estates have fallen by intermarriages. But 
 their extensive possessions in the county of t ipperary, and 
 in the King’s county, are undistinguished from other fof- 
 
Salomon - 
 
 DAVID R P 
 
 ID -MAG 
 
 ILft/STRlSsiMO ExCELLENTISsiMO 
 NECNON VERB PRINCIPI VlRO D" D? 
 
 OjtfV e^0 . C3l0frt<w£ll . . 
 
 SVPREMO EXERCITWM PER ANGLIA 
 
 ScorrAM ET HlBERN -ImPE RATOR I 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 13 
 
 descend ants afterwards retained exclusive possession 
 of it, as well for their particular accommodation 
 during- divine service, as for tlieir place of common 
 interment.^ In the year 1793, Arles church being; 
 then much decayed, and unequal in point of size to 
 the encreased population of the parish, a new and en- 
 larged edifice was erected on another spot. The 
 walls and materials of (he old building were appro- 
 priated to that purpose, excepting only the south 
 wing or Grace’s chapel, which was left standing 
 by itself. In the winter of 1795 the roof of this 
 solitary remnant having fallen in, one of the tomb- 
 stones of the Grace family was thereby broken 
 and another greatly injured. It now rapidly became 
 a ruin. Most of the quoins, or dressed angular 
 stones, were loosened from their places, thrown down 
 
 feitures by any particular incident. These observations are 
 further illustrated, in the case of the present Sir William 
 Grace, hart, and his brothers, who are descended through th# 
 Evans, Freke, and Meade families from the other daughter 
 and co-heir of the above mentioned colonel Redman. It is 
 cu'-ious and at the same time, melancholy to see, how the 
 numerous confiscations in Ireland, by which so much 
 property has been repeatedly unseated and set in mo- 
 tion, have driven the titles of estates across each othe r 
 so as to form a most curious net work of claims, con- 
 nexions and possessions. — The top stone of Oliver Grace’s 
 tomb, formerly inside Grace’s chapel, is one of the four 
 exterior monuments placed on the east and west flanks of 
 the Mausoleum. 
 
 * The cathedral of Kilkenny, and Grace’s chapel in 
 Graces’s parish, county of Kilkenny, were the usual places 
 
16 
 
 The Grace 
 
 and used as head stones for the adjoining graves* * 
 A large brass plate, finely executed at Rouen in 
 France, with the w r ell-known inscription in Latin 
 elegiac verse by Sheffield Grace, ^ to the memory of 
 his wife Frances Bagot of Castle Bagot, who died in 
 1742, was wrenched from the marble, in which it w~as 
 
 ef sepulture of the Courtstown family. Sir Oliver Grace of 
 Ballylinch and Legan castles in the county of Kilkenny, 
 and also of Carney castle in the county of Tipperary, who 
 was a younger son of the baron of Courtstown and founder 
 of the Ballylinch branch, temp. Elizabeth, was interred 
 in Jerpoint abbey, near the castle of Ballylinch. Jerpoint 
 continued afterwards to be the burial place of his descend* 
 ants, till Oliver, the eldest son of William Grace, the last 
 of this line who was denominated of Ballylinch, settled in 
 the Queen’s county, and erected the south wing of Arles 
 church, as in the text. 
 
 * The surname of the ancient earls of Mulgrave, after- 
 wards dukes of Buckingham and Normanby. From the 
 connection between the Grace and Sheffield families, which 
 first took place about the middle of the seventeenth cen- 
 tury, sprang Sheffield Grace, (a younger son of the baron 
 of Courtstown) who married the dowager viconntess Dil- 
 lon, and died in 1684. Oliver Grace of Shanganagh (now 
 Gracefield) had likewise a son, called Sheffield, who died 
 tan married in 1699. The Sheffield Grace mentioned in the 
 text, was the 4th son of Michael Grace, of Gracefield, and 
 died in 1746. Sheffield is also the name of the 2d son of 
 the late Richard Grace of Southville, and appears on the 
 inscription-tablet of this building. The family of Grace 
 (now the sole representative of that of Sheffield) eventually 
 inherited, as heir at law, all the property which remained 
 


 — - 
 
Mausoleum, 
 
 17 
 
 set, and carried away.* The occurrences of these 
 accidents, and the probable prostration at any mo- 
 
 in the counties of Middlesex, Sussex and York, of the un. 4 
 devised real estates of the last duke of Buckingham and 
 Narmanby, in the possession of which they were confirmed 
 by the decree of the lord chancellor Nojthington. Ihis 
 inheritance, which they sold in the 3 'ear 1759-60, to the 
 duke of Bedford, Mr. Nesbit and others, descended to them 
 through the very remote connection already mentioned, 
 derived from Magdalen Sheffield, sister of the 2d earl of 
 Mulgrave. It is somewhat remarkable, that though more 
 than a century intervened between that lady’s birth, and 
 the utter extinction of her name in the male line on the 
 death of duke Edmund in 1735,* no daughter or younger 
 son of her noble house was ever married; no descent can 
 therefore be adduced, or blood connection claimed with the 
 family of Sheffield, during, or within the last two hundred 
 years , excepting through that of Grace. Nearly the whole 
 of the ancient nobility of the kingdom were indeed one 
 way or other allied to the last duke, and, through some of 
 these alliances, very many of them were lineally descended 
 from his immediate family; but as these descents were de- 
 rived from periods and degrees more remote than that al- 
 
 * Francis Grose the antiquary, had fortunately previous 
 to this event, transcribed several of these inscriptions, and 
 the one alluded to, on the stolen brass plate, is now further 
 preserved from oblivion in page 35, of the 2d vol. of his 
 Antiquities of Ireland. 
 
 * In whom a race, for courage fam’d and art, 
 
 Ends in the milder merit of the heart; 
 
 And chiefs or sages long to Britain giv’n. 
 
 Pay the last tribute of a saint to heav’n. 
 
 Pope’s Epitaph on Edmund Sheffield . D. of Buckingham, 
 C 
 
18 
 
 The Grace 
 
 menl of the tottering high walls, evinced the necessity 
 of something being done to preserve the remaining 
 monumentsofthe family from impending destruction. 
 Mrs. Kavanagh of Gracefield,^ Sir William Grace 
 
 ready mentioned through Magdalen Sheffield, they can 
 confer no right to quarter the Sheffield arms, or form any 
 ground to the claim of being the representative of the Shef- 
 field name. The voluminous MS. law pleadings are still 
 extant in the possession of the Grace family respecting the 
 disputed Sheffield estates, between the claimants by inhe- 
 ritance and by will, as well as the decree of chancery in 
 favour of the former Evidence so very notorious, and un- 
 answerable, as what protracted proceedings on important 
 legal questions invariably furnish, and corroborated also 
 by every document on the subject in the college of arms 
 and by Sir William Seagar’s singularly minute, circum- 
 stantial, and copious genealogical details, in his MS. 
 baronage, would totally annihilate, it might be presumed, 
 the idea of such fictitious claims, as soon as conceived, 
 and not leave even a shadow of pretext for controversy. 
 Hut the contemptible, clumsy and laughable attempts at 
 Imposition, the false statements and palpable fabrications, 
 which have been furnished more than once to the respec- 
 table and ingenious editor of the Gentleman’s Magazine, 
 and which he, from being unconscious of their utter want 
 of truth, very injudiciously permitted to appear among his 
 more authentic, valuable, and highly interesting commu- 
 nications, are offered as the apology and the motive for in- 
 troducing the foregoing simple and genuine exposition of 
 a few stubborn facts, with the remarks and conclusions na-., 
 turally arising from them. 
 
 * Alicia, the only child of the 2d Michael Grace of Grace* 
 field, married in 1792to Morgan, 3d son ofThos. Kavanagh, 
 
PERCY GRACE 
 
 . * fw/f . 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 19 
 
 bart., and his brothers Sheffield Grace, Esq., and 
 Captain Percy Grace, R. N.,|| accordingly joined in 
 
 of Borris,* in the county of Carlow, and of lady Susan 
 Butler, sister of John, 16 th earl of Ormonde and Ossory.f 
 
 * Simon Kavanagh of Inch, co. Carlow, a younger branch of this 
 family, married Helena the 2d daughter of the first Michael Grace of 
 Gracefield, and had issue. Sir James Kavanagh, an officer of distin- 
 guished merit in the Austrian service, slain in the French war of 1795. 
 1-Iis son Henry Kavanagh, who possesses a considerable estate in the 
 hereditary dominions of the house of Austria, has been created a baron 
 of the empire, and has been also recently appointed to a high military 
 situation under the imperial government. The foreign rank enjoyed by 
 another descendant of this family may be likewise here noticed. Eliza- 
 beth, the eldest daughter of the above Michael Grace, having married 
 Richard Sliee of Cloran, co. Tipperary, was mother of Edmund Shee, 
 who died without issue ; and also of Robert Shee, who is a count of 
 France, and was constituted in 1814 a senator for life of that kingdom 
 by Lewis XVIII. 
 
 f The successive alliances of the Grace family with that of Butler, 
 during several generations are somewhat remarkable. Oliver Grace of 
 Shanganagh, who founded Grace’s chapel, now replaced by the struc- 
 ture here treated of, was the son of William Grace of Ballylinch castle 
 and of Eleanor sister of Edward Butler second lord viscount Galmoy, 
 who was the son of Gerald Grace and of Ellen eldest daughter and co-heir 
 of Edmund Butler third lord Dunboyne, who was the son of Oliver 
 Grace and of Margaret daughter of Edmund Butler second lord viscount 
 Mountgarret, who was the son of Gerald Grace and of Margaret daughter 
 of sir Robert Hartpole of Shrule castle, who was the son of Sir Oliver 
 Grace of Carney, Legan and Ballylinch castles, and of Mary sister of 
 sir Maurice Fitzgerald created in 1569 lord viscount Dgcies and daugh- 
 ter of sir Gerald Fitz-Gerald of Decies by Ellice fourth daughter of 
 Pierce Butler eighth earl of Ormond ; which sir Oliver Grace was a 
 younger son of baron John Gras Fitz-Oliver of Courtstown by Catharine 
 daughter of Pierce Power lord Power of Curraglnnore, and was brother 
 
 j| For this Note, see succeeding page. 
 
20 
 
 The Grace 
 
 rebuilding the old southern wing of Arles church, or 
 Grace’s chapel, from its foundation. The architec- 
 
 Mrs. Kavanagh took possession in 1817 of a new house, or 
 rather iodge, situated near the old residence of her family. 
 The design was furnished by Mr. Nash of London, and the 
 work was executed by Mr. Robertson of Kilkenny. The 
 charge for the former was 80/. British, and the contract for 
 the latter was 2000/. exclusive of all the serviceable mate- 
 rials in the former mansion. When to this is added the 
 erection of entrance lodges, garden walls, farm offices, and 
 other buildings, 4000/. may be stated as the expense of the 
 whole. Thus become a resident after an absence which 
 commenced with her childhood, and with her father’s death 
 in 1 78.0, Mrs. Kavanagh soon diffused many of those bles- 
 sings which poverty and ignorance may derive from a pos- 
 sessor of property, and active benevolence. The gratuitous 
 distribution of building timber soon improved the appear- 
 ance and internal comfort of the farm-houses and cottages. 
 Forest trees for forming hedge-rows, and flaxseed, and 
 
 11 The three sons of the late Richard Grace of South- 
 ville, M. P. (whose father William was the third son of the 
 flrst Michael Grace of Gracefield)— .viz. 1st. Sir William 
 Grace, who succeeded to the baronetage on the death of his 
 cousin sir Richard Gamon, M. P. for Winchester 2d. Shef- 
 
 field Grace of Lincoln’s Inn, who was formerly a student at 
 Winchester college, and afterwards a gentleman commoner 
 at St. Mary’suhall, Oxford- 3d. Percy, whose professional 
 conduct has been more than once honorably noticed in 
 gazetted despatches, is a captain in the royal navy, as men- 
 tioned in the text. 
 
 nf baron oolin Gras Fitz-John, from whom the succeeding barons of 
 Oourtstown were descended. 
 
■ 
 
VIEW OF STMarVs IaLI,OX¥®ISBi 
 Fomrr>ED by- Kzitg Fbwajuj 11 :nr 1333 . 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 
 tural working plan of a design conceived by Mr. 
 Sheffield Grace for the sepulchral edifice, destined to 
 
 spinning wheels on an improved principle, which manufac- 
 ture a double produce of yarn, have been likewise similarly- 
 disposed of. For encouraging the use of iron axletrees and 
 substantial spoke-wheels, with which a horse can easily bear 
 above half as much more loading, than what he can with 
 the old Irish small block-wheels, large quantities of iron 
 have been procured and distributed on credit at first cost. 
 The superior neatness and industry of some farmers have 
 been rewarded with the presents of iron field-gates, timber, 
 &c., and their efforts at improvement have been promoted 
 by occasional abatements of rent. A new system of agri- 
 culture has likewise been encouraged, and assisted by the 
 experience of a steward from Scotland. The tenants on this 
 estate have been obliged by their new leases, to enclose 
 their farms with white thorn or crab quicks, in addition to 
 the usual dreary and comfortless fence of a deep ditch.. 
 They have also covenanted to plant good oak, ash, beech, 
 or elm trees thereon, at the distance of 25 feet asunder, 
 and to appropriate to an orchard any quantity of ground 
 laid out for that purpose, not exceeding one acre. In less 
 than ten years, the beautiful appearance of tins hilly 
 country, the evident prosperity of the farmer, and the en- 
 creasing value of the estate in timber and fertility, wiii 
 amply remunerate, as well as strikingly testify the care and 
 expenditure of the present day. The intersecting roads 
 also, which in many places were impassible, and utterly 
 useless, have been repaired and rendered permanently ser- 
 viceable. Employment lias been found for numbers of the 
 poorer peasantry, and medicine, wine, food, clothes and 
 money have been distributed with a judicious hand among 
 the sick, the aged and the helpless. The number of 
 public houses have been reduced, and while many people 
 
The Grace 
 
 w 
 
 occupy its site, was furnished by Mr. Thomas Ring: 
 of Dublin ; consisting internally of a lower vaul t 
 formed by a semicircular arch for the repository of 
 the dead ; and of an upper chamber, formed by am 
 high pointed gothic arch for the reception of funeral 
 monuments. The external dimensions of this build- 
 ing are, 21 feet long, 16 wide, and 31 feet 2 inches 
 high, viz : 12 feet 10 inches from the sill of the doorr 
 to the projection of the eave-course ; 1 1 feet 8 inches 
 
 of suspicious or objectionable character have gone else- 
 where, the settlement of strangers has been strictly 
 prohibited. The chapel of ease at Wolfhill, on this 
 estate, has been substantially rebuilt and enlarged, and 
 a school-house for teaching reading, writing and accounts, 
 on the Lancasterian plan, will soon be permanently 
 established. The expenditure of money compared with 
 these advantageous results, has been inconsiderable^ To 
 effectually realize the beneficent and enlightened view’s of 
 a landed proprietor in Ireland, a discerning judgment, a 
 persevering spirit of stern reform, and indefatigable perso- 
 nal activity are and must be for many years the primary, 
 the essential, and most indispensable requisites. It is thus 
 that the condition of the people may be ameliorated. Their 
 failings also may be thus corrected, and their evil habits 
 subdued. With practical philanthropy and common sense, 
 a much less portion of wealth than what the patriotic and 
 noble minded proprietor of Ilolkam in Norfolk often dis- 
 interestedly expends in converting a dreary waste of sterile 
 land, into cheerful fields of fruitful corn, would regenerate 
 the susceptible disposition of thousands, create sources for 
 them of prosperous industry, draw profit from the health 
 and vigour they now so unprofitably possess, and render 
 their habits and feelings subservient to national welfare. 
 
Wy?d 6 " h i ny.r_Lzlhojra.pJiy exe. /O Bays water Ten-cuce., near London.. 
 
Antiquities discovered at graced eld. 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 23 
 
 from thence to the top of the ridge-course, and 6 feet 
 8 inches of pinnacle. To this may be added 1 1 feet 
 6 inches height of wall, forming part of the sides of 
 the lower vault and the foundation, which lie beneath 
 the surface, so that the distance from the foundation 
 to the top of the pinnacle is 42 feet 8 inches. A 
 buttress of 16 inches breadth by 18 inches projection 
 at base, champered off to 9 inches projection at top, 
 springs from each of the four angles. On the north 
 end, between two spike-holes in cut stone, stands a 
 pointed arched entrance 8 feet 6 inches high, and 3 
 feet wide, embellished by a continued architrave, 
 comprising several gothic mouldings in cut-stone.^ 
 This entrance leads by a descending flight of steps to 
 the burial or lower vault, and over it an inscription 
 tablet, with a semi-rectia moulding and crowned by a 
 rich cut-stone labelt, is placed, commemorative of 
 the time and founders of the building. J The north 
 quatrefoil window of the upper chamber is situated 
 above this tablet. On the east and west flanks, a 
 high pointed gothic arched frame of cut-stone to a 
 
 * The several parts or proportions of the mouldings of 
 these gothic door frames are as follows, viz. Impost 8 inches. 
 Fillet joining impost I inch. Small toros I f inch. Ca- 
 vetta c 2% inch. Large toros 1 1 inch. Back fillet 31 inch. 
 Entire projection of toros 2 inches. Projection of back 
 fillet from the face of the wall 1£ inch. 
 
 j- The several parts and proportions of these labels are, 
 viz. Upper toros 13 inch. Fillet k inch. Cavetta II 
 inch. Plain facia 4- inches. Entire projection 41 inches. 
 
 ^ The inscription on this tablet is as follows: — - 
 
The Grace 
 
 21 
 
 blank window 7 feet high and 2 feet wide, with 
 mouldings similar to those already described at the 
 
 OYK-A<DANHETENEH-KPAXEOI-THA’-'lEPON-'YriNON 
 KOIMHNTAI. ©NHXKEIN-MH-AErE-TOYY'ArAQOYE.* 
 Hoc Sepulcrumf 
 
 Alicia Kavanagh filia Michaelis Grace de Gracefield arm. 
 Gulielmus Grace Baronettus, 
 
 * Latin translation of this Grech distich. 
 
 Hie Gracaeorum sacra gens pace quiescunt 
 Nobilis. Hand credas posse perire bonos. 
 
 The reader will find in Dalzell’s Analecta, vol. 2, p. 324, the original 
 distich ascribed to Callimachus, which furnishes a classical illus- 
 tration of that beautiful figure so often used in scripture, of represent- 
 ing death by calling it sleep. A truly Christian sentiment is here ex- 
 pressed in our assurance of a happy immortality beyond the grave, being 
 so strong, that our natural decease is merely, in the beautiful language. 
 »f Milton, 
 
 “ •- a death-like sleep, 
 
 “ A gentle vvaftingto immortal life.” — 
 
 Paradise Lost, B. 12. 
 
 A further, and very beautiful character of a quiet death is given in 
 *< The Birds of Scotland.” A young woman, dying without a struggle, 
 gnd retaining in death the lovely calm of her countenance, is likened 
 to a lake, which in a still night, is arrested and bound up in a cold and 
 solid expanse. 
 
 f Diogenes, when dying, was asked by his friends, in what way he 
 would wish his corpse to be disposed of. “ Throw it into the fields,” 
 was the reply made in perfect consonance with a life so brutishly spent. 
 Much superior, both in natural kindness and pious veneration, was the 
 declaration of the Scythians, who, when taunted for retreating before 
 an invading enemy, could answer “ Let them follow us to the tombs of 
 our ancestors, and they will there find us prepared to repel them, or to 
 die upon the snot, where our forefathers repose.” There is something 
 inexpressibly touching in the farewell of Achilles to his fallen friend, 
 when the fiery warrior melts into all the softness of sorrow, which the 
 

Mausoleum. 
 
 25 
 
 entrance, stands in the centre ; and on each side of 
 these two blank windows a mural monument of black 
 
 et fratres ejus, 
 
 "Sheffieldus, juris consultus, 
 
 Percieus, Regise classis praefectus, 
 
 Poni curaverunt 
 A. D. M,DCCC, XVIII, 
 
 Sibi Posterisque: 
 
 Quo loco fuitolim australis ala aedis Arlesianae 
 Ab Oliverio Grace de Shanganagh, sive Gracefield, armig. 
 Anno salutis M,DC,LXXXVII aedifkata, 
 
 Jamdiu vetustate collapsa, 
 
 Una cum sepulcris familiae Gracefieldianae 
 Ibi extructis. 
 
 Hie, ubi lapsa jacent gentis monumenta vetustae, 
 
 In dominosque ruunt busta caduca snos, 
 Auspiciis faustis et spe meliore, sepulcrum 
 Jam reficit Fratrum eonsociatus amor. 
 
 Sit sacrum pietatis opus ! — servetur et ipsis 
 Morte obita, proavis quam tribuere, quies. 
 
 S. G, 
 
 purest affection, so cruelly wounded, could excite. The gathering of 
 the bones too into the golden vessel prepared for their reception, and 
 thpir placement in the tent, under the decent covering of a linen vest- 
 ment, all shew the masterly acquaintance of the poet with the human 
 heart. In the mummies of the Egyptians, a testimony of the care with 
 which the remains of their friends were preserved, has travelled down 
 even to our own time ; and in the ruins of Herculaneum and Pompeii, 
 so wonderfully overwhelmed and shielded from external injury by the 
 same terrible agent, the religious regard paid to the dead is on every 
 side abundantly proved by tombs, urns, and laerymatory vessels. All 
 the Roman towns had places appointed for the burial of the deceased, 
 which lay near the roads leading to the adjacent country. Thus we 
 find among the ancient sepulchral inscriptions : “ Tu qui via Flaminia 
 transis, resta ac relege,” and there “the passing tribute of a sigh” 
 was implored, with the perfectly appropriate call upon the sympathy 
 of the passenger by the “ Siste viator,” an invitation transferred, with 
 strange incongruity, to the walls of our churches. But the execration 
 prayed for upon all who should violate the sanctity of the aq.-ieqt 
 
 D 
 
26 
 
 The Grace 
 
 marble (formerly inside the old building’, surrounded 
 
 by architraves of cut stone, t The south end cor- 
 
 * These four exterior mural monuments eon^in the follow- 
 ing inscriptions. $ — I. On Oliver Grace of Shanganagh (now 
 Graccfield) eldest son of William Grace of Ballylinch castle, 
 co. Kilkenny, and founder of the south vvir.g of Arles church, 
 commonly called ‘ f Grace’s chapel.” His widow Elizabeth 
 died o:i the 13th of June 1736, having married Edmund 
 13 u tier, 6th lord viscount Mountgarret, and had issue 
 Richard, James and Edmund, successive viscounts Mount- 
 garret, the last of whom was great grandfather to Edmund 
 the 12th viscount, created earl of Kilkenny in 1793. 
 
 Here lyes the body of Oliver Grace,|| late of Shanganagh, esq. who 
 departed this life on the 8th day of June, 1708, and in the 47th 
 year of his age. 
 
 J Infra virtutes, sed supra conspice nomen; 
 
 Concordant blando nomine facta viri. 
 
 Integer atque pius, sponsm sobolique benignus, 
 
 Candidus in cunctos, sponte remotuserat. 
 
 £ 
 
 -j- The several parts and proportions of these architraves 
 are viz. full thickness 4-5 inches — bottom fillet 33 inches — 
 semi-rectia moulding 2 inches— -top fillet 3 inch. 
 
 tomb, has, in course, not been permitted to find a place within a 
 Christian temple or in its neighbourhood. The most profound Greek 
 scholar of the age, thus expresses himself in a letter to the author 
 cm the subject of such maledictory inscriptions. “ These -curses are 
 well enough over a heathen sepulchre- they are most improper and 
 ridiculous in a Christian building of any kind.- Look into FabrottFs 
 inscriptions. There in page 109-110, you will see heathenish and 
 Christian dirciG. Fahrotti ridicules the Christian -IRmsius cciv- 
 
 § For this Note, see page 29. 
 
 || See page 33. I See page 33. 
 

Mausoleum. 
 
 21 
 
 responds with the north, excepting that an armorial 
 tablet,^ with a serni-rectia moulding is placed over a 
 
 * The quarterings, crests, mottos, &c. in bold alto reliero 
 on this tablet, which is 3 feet square, are — 1st. gules, a 
 
 II. On Mary, wife of the 1st Michael Grace of Gracefield, 
 and daughter of John Galway of Lota, co. Cork, and of 
 Elizabeth, sister of sir John Meade, bart. the grandfather 
 of the first earl of Clanwilliam. The letters of this epitaph 
 were originally gilt. 
 
 Here 
 
 Lyeth the body of 
 Mrs. Mary Grace, 
 
 Late wife of 
 Michael Grace, Esq. 
 
 She was 
 
 Religious without ostentation, 
 
 Pious without hypocrisy, 
 
 Friendly without flattery, 
 
 To the Distressed 
 
 s'ures them— I agice with Ileinsius entirely.” It is in course un- 
 necessary to state that the scholar alluded to, is Dr. Parr. The 
 author is also fortunately enabled to add the sentiments of Dr 
 Barret, vice-provost of Trinity College, Dublin, as expressed to himself 
 by that very learned gentleman, who strictly, in this respect, coincides 
 with the opinion as above delivered, and it is verv pleasing to remark 
 this agreement upon a point so honourable at once to the moral feelings 
 and to the critical acumen of scholars so disciplined in the delicacies 
 as well as the depths of literature, with all its opportunities of applica- 
 tion. Mountfaucon has collected and preserved a very considerable 
 number of examples, out of which the following may he given : — 
 
 “Laeseris hunc tumulum si quisquis, in Tartara pergas, 
 
 Atque expers tumuli, laeseris hunc tumulum.” 
 
 “ Si quis hanc aram Izeserit, habeat genium iratum populi Romani 
 «t numinaDivorum.” 
 
 “ Si quis huic lo co manus intulerit, habeat dolorem, meum quem ego 
 habui.” 
 
28 
 
 The Grace 
 
 similar gothic entrance to an ascending flight of steps 
 to the monumental or upper chamber. A richly 
 
 lion rampant per fess argent and or — 2d. gules, a saltire 
 argent between twelve cross croslets or, a mullet for dif- 
 
 A support, 
 
 To the orphans, a mother : 
 
 In her life attended with many blessings. 
 
 Her death with many tears. 
 
 She was 
 
 Faithful to her husband, 
 
 Tender to her children, 
 
 Forgiving to her enemies. 
 
 O passenger ! how soon thou shalt resemble 
 Her, in her mortal parts, 
 
 God knows ! 
 
 Do thou labour to resemble her in that 
 Which is immortal. 
 
 She lived ; she died ; she ran the happy race ; 
 
 She won the glorious prize immortal peace. 
 
 She died 
 
 [November the 28th, A. D. 1736, in the 55th year of her age. 
 
 In perfect accordance with the spirit of this wish, but in terms more 
 becoming the character of Christianity, are the two following lines, 
 which conclude the foregoing inscription : 
 
 Sit sacrum pietatis opus : scrvetur et ipsis, 
 
 Morte obita, proavis quam tribuere, quies. 
 
 The practice of burying within our churches wonld seem to shew 
 that the moderns wished to mark with superior respect the remains of 
 their friends, if we did not at the same time perceive the scandalous 
 state, whether of neglect or of actual abuse, to which, in too many in- 
 stances, throughout this island, they have been exposed. With respect 
 to the gross violation of our churchyards, by the turning in of swine, 
 'cattle, goats, &c. to the prostration or damage of the graves, the In- 
 decent profanation of a place consecrated to such purposes not only 
 calls for the severest moral reprehension, but for the direct and power- 
 ful animadversion of the laws. The traveller who in passing through. 
 North Wales, is delighted with the pious oarc bestowed upon tire 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 29 
 
 carved gothic pinnacle 6 feet 8 inches high termi 
 
 nates the north and south ends of a ridge course in 
 
 ference — 3d. or, a chief indented azure, three escallop 
 shells in bend counterchanged — 4th. argent, a chevron be- 
 
 lli. On Frances, 1st wife of Job ^ her of Oliver 
 
 of Shanganagh, and 3d son of William of Ballylinch castle, 
 county of Kilkenny, who died without issue. By his wife 
 Anne, the only child of John Grace ot Thomastown, he 
 had an only daughter Elizabeth Grace, who marrying 
 Richard Gamon of Datchworthbury, county of Herts, was 
 mother of sir Richard Gamon, bart. and of Anna Eliza, 
 the late duchess of Chandos, whose sole heir, lady Anna 
 Eliza Brydges, having married the present marquis of 
 Buckingham, has an only son Richard earl Temple, married 
 to lady Mary Campbel, daughter of John, 4th earl of Bre- 
 daibane. Sir Richard Gamon, M. P. for Winchester, was 
 created a baronet of England 11th of April 1795, with 
 remainder to Richard Grace, esq. M. P. and married 1st. 
 Grace Jeffreys, half sister of Augustus 3d duke of Grafton, 
 
 graves, always free from weeds, and often bestrewed with flowers, must 
 shrink with disgust and abhorrence from the sight and contemplation 
 of our Golgothas on this side of the channel. Over the filthy pollution, 
 which may be too frequently marked in these scenes of mortality, we 
 may repeat the imprecations which an ancient inscription has been 
 made to utter : 
 
 « Qui hie minxerit aut cacarit, habeat deos superos et inferos iratos. ;7 
 
 The decent obscurity of a learned language, as it has been called, may 
 serve as an apology for the introduction of this maledictory denuncia- 
 tion. 
 
 § See p. 26.- In England and Wales, no stone which covers a grave, but 
 exhibits the name and age of the deceased with many circumstances of 
 relationship and character, of the very highest interest to family his- 
 tory, as well as honourable to the cause of family feelings. No wdl 
 
30 
 
 The Grace 
 
 punched stone, 2 feet 3 inches wide. The base of 
 these two pinnacles forms quadrangles of 1 foot 5 
 
 tween three garbes gules— crests 1st. on a wreath, a demi- 
 lion, rampant, argent — 2d. on a wreath, a boar’s head ; and 
 
 and of Charles 1st loid Southampton, and eldest daughter 
 and co heir of James Jeffreys by his wife Elizabeth, relict 
 of lord Augustus Fitz.-oy, and daughter of col. William 
 Cosby, the son of Alexander, and the brother of Dudley 
 Cosby, both of Stradbally-hall in this county. By this 1st 
 marriage sir Richard Gamon had no surviving issue. By 
 his 2d with lady Amelia Murray,* daughter of John 
 id duke of Athol, he had an only daughter Charlo.tte 
 Amelia Gamon, and dying the 6th of April ISIS, was 
 succeeded in the baronetage by tbe present sir William 
 Grace, the eldest son of the abovementioned Richard 
 Grace, Esq. M. P. 
 
 ordeied nature indeed, can disregard the memory of those, who were 
 once so tenderly beloved, and in the attention thus bestowed upon the 
 departed, the survivor finds his truest consolation. Upon the tablet or 
 the monument, the praise of those whose names it records, ceases to 
 be flattery, or, if it be even so adjudged, it is a flattery which may he 
 pardoned, as it is disinterested, and which may even be entitled to ap- 
 probation, as it is connected with the best sympathies of our nature. 
 In Hervey’s Meditations, the reader may meet much matter for these 
 reflections, and in Gray’s F.legy, the feelings there expressed will 
 find, to use the words of Johnson, “ an echo in every bosom.” In the 
 great collection of ancient inscriptions by Gruter and Montfaucon, the 
 reader will find many epitaphs of which the taste and the feeling are as 
 beautiful as they are pathetic. The following are selected as very 
 touching, though the selection amidst so much similar and nearly equal 
 excellence must he allowed to be difficult. 
 
 For this Note see page 3-5. 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 31 
 
 inches, on each side of which is an angular pediment 
 springing from four carved corbels representing Irish. 
 
 neck, erased, or : mottos, sunk in alto relievo scrolls — over 
 the crests “ en grace affie’’ — under the arms “ concordant 
 
 Here lies the body of Madam Frances Walker, widow of Colonel 
 Thomas Dalzell, and late wife unto John Grace, esq. who departed 
 this life the 2tfth day of July, in the five and thirtieth year ol her age, 
 *nd in the year of our Lord, 1709. 
 
 *Qui vagus obscurum/ tl^idei sectaris, ad urnam 
 Franciscse accedas ; inspice, lumen babes : 
 
 In tuinulo lucet cunetis, quo luxit in orbe 
 Lumen, et mtherea lucet in arce Deo. 
 
 XAIPE'TYXHt TXH‘K.AAHTYXH’0TrATHP. 
 
 Vale Tyche pulcra anivna, Tyche filia. 
 
 Fili, bene quiescas, mater tua rogatte ut me ad te recipias, vale ! 
 
 D. M. Orestilke Julise Dorcadi dulcissiinae, Julia Spurina et Statilia 
 parentes infelicissimi. Vixit annos quatuordecim . 
 
 These are the effusions oftlie heart, and though they want the recom- 
 mendation which more christian-like views would have bestowed, they 
 must still be accepted with approbation. But in connection with these 
 views, we may be allowed to state, the decisive advantage possessed by 
 the modern epitaph, which, while it records the individual, gives one 
 link more to the chain of descent. In family history indeed, whether 
 the claims to property or title be considered, their utility in 
 establishing the rights of the claimant is quite unquestionable ; 
 and in a recent instance, an ancient peerage of high renown in 
 English story has been recovered mainly by the chain of these very 
 evidences. Every reader acquainted with the events which took place 
 tinder the usurpation of the third Richard, must recollect the name of 
 Hastings so cruelly murdered by the tyrant. 
 
 For this Note, see page 36, 
 
The Grace 
 
 32 
 
 kings, mitred bishops, bearded sages, and armed 
 warriors, and crowned at the top with finials. The 
 
 nomine facta” — on the dexter side of the shield in alto 
 relievo work is the letter S with the figures 18 under it, 
 
 IV. On the 2d Oliver Grace of Gracefield, eldest son and 
 heir of the 1st Michael of the same, and on his wife Mary, 
 the daughter of John Dowell of Mantua house, county of 
 Roscommon. John their second son inherited the estates 
 of the Dowell family, and having married Mary, daughter 
 and co heiress of P. Hussey of Ardimore, was succeeded, in 
 April 1811, by his only son Oliver Dowell Grace, of Man- 
 tua, who married 3d of September 18 J 9, Frances, eldest 
 daughter of sir Richard Nagle, bart.* of Jamestown, county 
 of Westmeath. 
 
 “ Here lies the body of Mrs. Mary Graee 
 Late wife of 
 Oliver Grace, Esq. 
 
 Who departed this life 
 
 The 1 4th day of November, 1765, in the 55th year of her age. 
 
 Also the body of 
 Oliver Grace of Gracefield, Esq. 
 
 Who departed this life 
 
 The 24th day of August, 1781, in the 77th year of his age. 
 
 May they rest in peace ! 
 
 Amen. 
 
 [\ See p, 2G.~It maybe noticed that his yost. surviving son Robt. Grace, 
 married Catharine, the only child of Sheffield Grace, of the Courts- 
 town family, by his wife Elizabeth, dowager viscountess Dillon, the 
 eldest daughter of sir John Burke of Derrymaclaghthy and of lady 
 Mary de Burgh, daughter and co-heir of Richard 6th earl of Clan- 
 ricarde, who was son of *ir William de Burgh the 4th son of Ulick the 
 3d earl of Clanricarde, by Margaret, daughter of Richard Fitz-Allan 
 earl of Arundel in England. Robert Grace had issue by this marriage 
 
 * For this Note, see page 37, 
 
DX 
 
to Jx 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 33 
 
 Jfiras of the spiral parts of the pinnacle stands central 
 over each pediment. Twelve carved crockets orna- 
 
 and on the sinister side the letter G. with the figures 18 
 under it, viz. S. G. — 1818. These letters are exact fac- 
 similies ol the capitals used in a copy at Gracefiekl library 
 of the folio edition of Chaucer, “ Imprinted at London by 
 Jhon Kyngston dwellyng in Poules churchyarde, anno 
 1561.” The armorial achievement of the Gracefield fa- 
 mily, as blazoned in the entries of the office of arms, con- 
 sists of thirty-five quarterings ; but in some old book-plates 
 of only four quarterings, and subscribed “ Michael Grace, 
 esq. 171-2,” the sinister supporter, a boar, is erroneously 
 represented by the engraver, as argent, instead of or, as at 
 present borne. Ot the splendor of heraldic emblazonment, 
 
 an only son, sir Edmund Grace, a knight of Malta, living 1778, whose 
 admission to that most illustrious order of knighthood was necessarily 
 accompanied by a genealogical document, exhibiting the thirty-two 
 quarters, and the other usual proofs of noble origin, which are strictly 
 required from all its members. A counterpart of this very curious in- 
 strument, as prepared for sir Edmund Grace’s admission, is still in 
 the possession of the Grace family. 
 
 } Seep.ZG.-Lapidary inscriptions are confessedly the mostdifTicultspecies 
 of composition, and so rarely has complete success crowned the attempt, 
 that the author has seldom seen six lines together, either in position or 
 style, which pleased his ear or satisfied his judgment. The following 
 remarks are merely such as a rapid review of the respective epitaphs 
 suggest.- " Infra virtutes,” viz. in the two last lines, for we must not 
 understand it of the tomb within, though Ben Johnston writes, 
 
 “ Underneath this tomb doth lie 
 
 As much virtue as could die, &c.” 
 
 And as we will subsequently read on the tomb of Frances Grace, 
 
 “ ; ad urnam 
 
 Francises; accedas ; inspice, lumen babes, See." 
 
 The tomb cannot be said to inclose his or her virtues. We are taught 
 by Christianity to know, that the “ divinae particula aurae” soars far 
 
 E 
 
34 
 
 The Grace 
 
 raent this part, which terminates in a large enriched 
 finiaL The roof|| is formed by the high pointed 
 
 it is not necessary to speak : its beauties are so striking, as 
 well as its intimations of family consequence so great, that 
 most men, when they obtain a carriage by their industry, 
 hasten to dignify it with a coat by their usurpation. A more 
 solid proof of its utility (as men called practical may think 
 it) is in the attestation, and a strong one it is, which it lends 
 to the titles of property; for although, since the act of limi- 
 tation has barred the claims of indefinite, or nearly inde- 
 finite antiquity, yet a property in descent, if the term may 
 
 above the narrow precincts of a tomb. But as the mode of expression 
 is sanctioned by authority, it may be thought hypercritical, perhaps, 
 thus narrowly to scrutinize its introduction here.--' “ Concordant blando 
 nomine facta.” These words constitute the motto of the family with 
 the exception ot the epithet “ blando,” and the writer of this epitaph 
 has thus ingeniously contrived to empannel them in his composition — 
 “ Sponte remotus vrat.” In the same spirit as 
 
 summo 
 
 “ Grata Deo summum clauserat ilia diem,” 
 
 On Dame Mary Grace’s Tomb in Jerpoint Abbey, who died in 1605. 
 “ Integer atque pius, Sponsae, & c.” In these few words we are pre- 
 sented with the complete character of the noblest work of God- a good 
 man. “ lie is just ; he is religious ; and to his spouse and offspring 
 he is affectionate. lie is kindly and liberal towards all, and with re- 
 signation he is removed from this life.” Of the kindness and liberality 
 thus mentioned, the following instance may be adduced; Under the 
 short gleam of prosperity enjoyed by king James’s party in Ireland, 
 this gentleman, though siding ivith that unfortunate monarch, and hold- 
 ing the high office of chief remembrancer under him, threw open his 
 house at Shanganagh, as a place of sure refuge to the helpless wives 
 and children of the absent protestants. This service, so valuable at 
 such a season, was gratefully acknowledged in the petition of the pro- 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 35 
 
 gothic arch of the upper chamber, and is covered 
 with a strong dag-stone brought from theBoley quar- 
 
 be allowed, may brave both sir W. Blackstone and an act of 
 parliament. But it may not only protect property in pos- 
 session, it may even sometimes regain it to its rightful 
 owner ; and a single glance at a family escutcheon is said 
 not only to have induced a claim to a considerable estate, 
 but to have established that claim. In a more recent in- 
 stance, a connection of the writer’s had bequeathed to him 
 a landed property of 50001. per ann. on this very account 
 of similarity in the bearings of his shield to the arms of the 
 earls of Desmond, from which unfortunate branch of the 
 noble and ancient house of Fitz-Gerald, the testator claimed 
 his descent. Still higher considerations are involved in the 
 science. The knightly princes, and lords and heroes who 
 
 testant gentry of the Queen’s county to King William, that its bene- 
 ficent author should he exempted from the penalties incurred by his 
 attachment to the fortunes of the fallen prince. It is but just to King 
 William’s memory to add, that with the prayer of this petition, he 
 not only immediately complied, but expressed his satisfaction at being 
 enabled so to do, in favour of conduct so honourable and humane. 
 
 * Seep. 30.— The Rathvilly family of Murray in co. Carlow, (now 
 extinct) was descended from the Elibank branch of this noble house. 
 Sir Patrick Murray, lord Elibank, had issue by his 2d wife (Helen, 
 daughter of sir James Lindsay, knight,) the hon. Walter Murray of 
 Rathvilly, who married Jane, sister of Edward Butler, 2d lord viscount 
 Galmoy, and deceasing in 1695, was succeeded by his son Wiliiam, who 
 married Mary, 3d daughter of Oliver Grace of Shanganagli, but died 
 in 1696 without issue, on which his sister Elizabeth Murray, the wife 
 of Thomas Clarke ofSeskin, county of Kilkenny, became his heir. Her 
 son James Clarke, had issue Thomas Clarke of Landrecy in Flanders, 
 the father of Henry-James-William Clarke duke of Feltre, field mar- 
 shal in the French service, minister at war, &c. &c. to Louis XVIIT, 
 
36 
 
 The Grace 
 
 rieson sir Wrn. Grace’s estate nearly 3 inches thick, 
 and so closely jointed that the whole presents to the 
 eye an even surface like one vast flag, with mock joints 
 
 under the guidance, rather than the command of Godfrey 
 of Bouillon, are for ever commemorated in the pages of 
 Tasso, were known to each other, and to their foes by the 
 bearings upon their shields; and in fact all our modern terms, 
 shields, coats of arms, bearings, &c. are little more than 
 synonymes, expres«ive of the practice. The two roses, 
 the white and the red, so fatal to our Norman lineage, so 
 favorable to English liberty, did indeed mark out the two 
 royal parties in their bloody suit to the crown ; but each 
 individual, noble, knight, gentleman, bore still the pecu- 
 liar impress of his own family upon his shield. If it be 
 Conceded, that the histories of families are illustrated by 
 
 t Seep, 31 .—This epitaph, which is addressed to unbelievers, does not 
 seem to have been written with much perspicuity . — “ Qui vagus ob- 
 scurum fidei.” The obscurity of faith constitutes, in fact, the very 
 merit of its existence ; and if after mentioning the authority of St. Paul, 
 it may be permitted to quote an uninspired, but most admirable author, 
 his words may he adduced : “ The merit of Faith/’ says Dr. Johnson, 
 “ is every thing, for the most licentious profligate would not take the 
 most beautiful woman to his arms within the view of hell’s flames.” — 
 Faith is the substitute for both sight and tact, and in truth supersedes 
 the necessity of either. — “ Quo luxit.” Scilicet lumine ; tbatis,assbe 
 had been so very much distinguished in life for her piety, so is the 
 great example she exhibited, and the recollection of her virtues a sure 
 beacon from the billows of unbelief to the tranquil port of religion. 
 « j n ar ce Deo.” The accuracy of the latin would perhaps be more 
 obvious if the proposition were expressed, cum deo, or simul cum deo. 
 The two last lines of this epitaph remind us of the following distich 
 by Plato on a beautiful girl whom he called Aster. 
 
 A-CTStf 7rpv £A« j U, l 7T£$ gvi tuo'iffl V ill or 
 Nth J'e, 6 avuv. Xxuvei; ecrirtfos b (pGquimj. 
 
 A morning star late Stella shone most bright, 
 
 But Stella now illuminates the night. 
 
Mausoleum, 
 
 37 
 
 or lines, which intersecting each other at right angles 
 form courses of 10 inches by 6. A groove is sunk in 
 
 heraldic evidences, the concession must be equally made, 
 that in a still greater degree, must the illustration be seen 
 in the light lent by them to general history. “ Ilistoria, 
 Genealogia, Hcraldica, testes tervporum et veritatis.*’ Most 
 assuredly the names of Camden, of Dugdale, of Seagar, 
 heralds by profession, stand prominently forward in this 
 respect; and among our statesmen themselves, lord Bur- 
 leigh, “ quern nomino honoris causa’’ as he felt the utility, s© 
 he cultivated the pleasure of a science, rich in its resources, 
 various in its relationships, valuable in its applications. Sir 
 George Carew earl of hotness, sir Henry Spelman, sir 
 
 + Sec p. 32. -The representative of this family at the eventful period of 
 the revolution was sir Richard Nagle, a member of the privy council, at- 
 torney-general, speaker ofthe House ofCommons, and secretary of state 
 for Ireland. The official weight and high talents of this distinguished 
 statesman are well known to have been exerted in combating, and 
 sometimes in curbing and defeating the selfish, narrow, and arbitrary 
 measures which less disinterested and less enlightened advisers hurried 
 their unfortunate master to adopt. That he did occasionally acquiesce 
 in some unjustifiable measures cannot he denied, but this acquiescence 
 has never been so much attributed to the dereliction of just principles 
 as to the deficiency of political or physical firmness ; a virtue which 
 Oliver Grace of Shanganagh, his confidential friend as well as bis col- 
 league in king James’s councils, endeavoured to inspire both by advice 
 and example. Constitutional and humane sentiments were common 
 to both, and both uniformly advocated a system of moderation and of 
 unbiassed justice. This union of feelings was accompanied by a union 
 also of family, Anne, the daughter of Oliver Grace, being married to- 
 Richard, the only son of sir Richard Nagle, after whose death she 
 married, 2ndly, Edmund Butler, Sth lord Dunboyne, and had issue 
 James, the 9th lord, and Pierce the 10th lord Dunboyne, whose only 
 son Pierce, the llth lord, dying unmarried in 17&6, John Butler her 
 3d son, became the 12th and last lord Dunboyne. 
 
the eave-course to receive the lower row of these 
 ponderous flags, which are further secured and sup- 
 
 Edvvard Coke, sir John Selden, Ralph Hollinshed, sir Ro- 
 bert Cotton, John Stowe, sir Thos. Bodley, William Prynne, 
 bishop Burnet, Gregory King,* sir George Mackenzie, 
 Robert Harley the 1st earl of Oxford, bishop Percy, and 
 Edmund Malone, may also be recorded in the list of men 
 thus attached, from conviction of its value, to this science. 
 These men were not solitary dreamers in their closets over 
 their books and parchments, but they were active states- 
 men, warriors, general scholars ; men who entered largely 
 into, as they influenced greatly, the business of life. East 
 Indian princes and their ministers, at the conclusion of their 
 correspondence, whether public or private, do, instead of 
 our European and courtly subscription, ask with great sim- 
 plicity, “ what can I say more?’’ We can say more. 
 Lord Bacon, he who “ instar omnium,” erected himself 
 above bis times, above his race, and pointed out the path- 
 ways to future knowledge, and the steps by which those path- 
 ways were to be trodden: lord Bacon, as he appreciated the 
 
 * This ingenious and modest man, says Chalmers, was horn the 15th* 
 of December, IU4S, in the parish of Stowe, at Litchfield, which was 
 also the birth place of Ashmole and of the father of Camden. He had 
 distinguished himself as a herald under Camden, and the tendency of 
 his genius afterwards led him to political arithmetic in an age when the 
 science of statesmen was brought into repute by men of extraordinary 
 powers. Gregory King produced bis political conclusions in 1 095 
 which he allowed Dr. Davenant, a well-known writer in these times, to 
 peruse and garble. The gratitude of Davenant spoke of Gregory King 
 as a “jewel who was fit for any statesman^ cabinet. ’’'Chalmers observes 
 that as he surpassed Petty as a political calculator, he must be allowed 
 to be a master of political arithmetic, and that as a herald he was ranked 
 next in knowledge to Glover who was deemed the first, and was the in- 
 structor of Camden. He died the 29th of August 1 T 1 2.* 
 
HVHH 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 39 
 
 ported by strong iron cramps and holdfasts, let into 
 the edge of each flag, between the joints. These 
 
 value, so he pursued the examination of this mighty and bril- 
 liant chain by which civilization is bound together. It 
 will be subsequently seen that his opinion respecting the ne- 
 cessary barbarism, so to speak, of every nation, not preserv- 
 ing family registers, nor earing for family descents (stirpes) 
 has been not only expressed, but its solidity established. 
 But a science so connected with baronial pride, so impli., 
 cate ' in family feelings, and so operative upon property, 
 was in this country utterly neglected and absolutely extinct 
 in the very quarter where it should have beeri most culti- 
 vated, (in the Herald’s Office,) until the appointment there of 
 sir William Betham, an Englishman ; in the same manner as 
 general Vallancey, also from England, had previously illus- 
 trated the language and antiquiti es of the island. If we 
 ascend still higher up and then redescend to our own times, 
 we shall find the names of sir Georgs Carew, of Fyncs 
 Morrison, of sir John Davis, of sir William Petty, statesmen 
 as well as antiquaries, of Edmund Spencer, of H’ollinshed, 
 of Campion, of Ware, of Story, of archbishop King, of bishop 
 Nicholson, of Carte, of Lo.lge, of Campbell, of Grose, of 
 Peauford, of Young, of Curwen, of Plowden, of Wakefield, 
 all Englishmen, who either rescued from oblivion their con- 
 temporary transactions, or enriched our sphere of local 
 knowledge with the substance of Irish MSS. and of official 
 records, or penetrated the dark and intricate r ccesses of 
 antiquity, or rectified and enlarged the researches of others. 
 Bishop Percy also, incidentally it is true, has touched upon 
 the subject. But while we thus own with gratitude our 
 obligations to those writers, it may perhaps be prudent not 
 to contrast with it the apathy of our own countrymen. At 
 this very instant, Mr. Brewer, with the pervasive and 
 
40 
 
 The Grace 
 
 unyielding ligaments are consequently wholly imper- 
 ceptible, The stones forming the eave-course are 2 
 
 searching eye of an antiquary, is collecting notitia of Irish 
 monuments, upon which vve patriots idly stare, as we pass 
 them by. It is however by no means here meant to insinuate 
 that latterly we have altogether wanted either amateurs or 
 authors as antiquaries. The late lord Mountmorres, and 
 the present earl of Ross, Mr. C. O’Conor of Ballinagar, and 
 his grandson Dr. C. O’ Conor of Stowe, Messrs. Smith, 
 Simon, Harris, Arehdall, Whitelaw, Ledwich, Cooper 
 Walker, fighe, Monck Mason, Hardiman, and the author 
 of these volumes, have shewn that as they loved, so they 
 understood the subject. But these names are in fact ex., 
 ceptions, and mark still more strongly by contrast, the na- 
 tional indifference t they just peep out, a few stars twink- 
 ling through the general gloom. 
 
 |{ See p. 34<. St. Doulough s church near Swords, in co. 
 Dublin, suggested the idea to Mr. Trench of Heywood, in 
 this county, of recommending the construction of a stone 
 roof. Complete success, as well in regard to appearance 
 as to strength, was the natural result of that exquisite taste 
 and skill for which this accomplished gentleman is distin- 
 guished. His own beautiful demesne of Heywood affords 
 a singularly happy illustration of the rare union of a refined 
 judgment with the soundest experience both in architectural 
 and rural embellishments ; while his society and his house 
 must at the same time evince his love and knowledge of the 
 fine arts in general. The venerable edifice of St. Doulough 
 was founded prior to the invasion of the English under earl 
 Strongbow, in the reign of Henry the 2d. and exhibits a 
 style of architecture wholly different from the most ancient 
 and religious structures now remaining in any of the other 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 41 
 
 feet 8 inches deep by 8 inches thick, and project be. 
 fore the face of the wall 8 inches. Both eave-courses 
 may almost be considered as a single stone, not only 
 from the firm union with iron of the several side divi- 
 sions, but also from the joining of the whole easteave- 
 course to the western with two wrought iron chain 
 bars 3 inches square which pass through the north 
 and south gables. The walls batter on the outside 
 and diminish on the inside from 2 feet 6 inches at the 
 offset to 2 feet3 inches in thiGknessat the eave-course. 
 They are constructed in the best manner throughout, 
 and are faced with punched lime-stone, brought from 
 Skehena quarry, formed into regular courses. 
 
 To these details of the exterior maybe added a 
 short description of the interior ^ppearanpe of 
 the monumental or upper chamber. This apart- 
 ment, which, in reference to the site it occupies, 
 might with some propriety be denominated the 
 chapel , js finished in a chaste and beautiful manner, 
 corresponding in style, with the exterior of the 
 edifice. Its dimensions are 15 feet 2 inches in length, 
 
 western countries of Europe. St. Doulough’s church is 
 remarkably small, and is covered with circular stone arches 
 under a stone pediment roof. This roof may be considered 
 as Still perfect in all material respects; and any injury or 
 defect to be discovered in it l\ as been evidently occasioned, 
 not by the ceaseless effort of time, but solely by the de- 
 structive hand of man. King’s college chapel at Cam- 
 bridge, probably the most beaupful budding of the florid 
 gothic style in the world, has also a stone internal roofing, 
 of which several of the key ^ones are estimated at the 
 enormous weight of five tons. 
 
 F 
 
The Grace 
 
 42 
 
 10 feet S inches in breadth, 8 feet high from the floor 
 fo the impost or springing, and 14 feet y inches to 
 the vertex of the vaulted ceiling. The principal 
 monument which occupies almost the entire of the 
 north end exhibits a very elegant specimen of gothic 
 architecture executed in Kilkenny marble. It con- 
 sist^ of three compartments, each containing an in- 
 scriptipnql tablpt, surrounded by a handsome moulded 
 frame.* The centre compartment is crowned with 
 a label richly decorated with crockets and terminated 
 with a beautiful finial. On the ins^riptional tablet 
 beneath this label an armorial shield in bold alfo re- 
 lievo, bearing five coats with two crests and mottos, 
 further harmonizes with the enriched character of this 
 
 * The epitaphs to the memory of the late Michael Grace 
 of Gracefield, and of his wife Mary Plunket df Dunsoghly 
 castle, are cut on the centre tablet, while the two narrow 
 side tablets receiye brass plates on which other epitaphs 
 are engraved. Qn the centre tablet are also the armorial 
 bearings mepflpned in flie text. They are similar to those 
 already described on the south exterior wall, excepting 
 that the coat of Plunket (viz. sable, a bend argent and in 
 chief a tower of the second) is borne on an escutcheon 
 of pretence, and that the crest belonging to that family 
 (viz. a horse passant argent) appears aS the sinister crest. 
 A well known English architect was of opinion that a cor- 
 responding monument could not be executed in London for 
 less than 150/. This was erected by Mr. Dowling of Kil* 
 kenny, whose demand, together with that for designs, and 
 working plans (exclusive of the brass side tablets) amounted 
 to the moderate sum of 5u/. The following are the epitaphs 
 alluded to, and subjoined are other inscriptions, which also 
 Occupy mural monuments in this chamber. 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 43 
 
 style of architecture. An ornamental buttress stands 
 on each side of the large compartment, and separates 
 
 I. On the 2d Michael Grace of Gracefield, eldest son of 
 the 2d Oliver ofthe same. 
 
 D. O. M. 
 
 Memorise sacrum 
 
 Micliaeiis Grace de Gracefield in hoc comitatu armigeri, 
 Oliverii Grace armigeri filii et haeredis ; 
 
 Qui 
 
 Ob eximium, quo in literis cum veteribus 
 Turn recentioribus, versatus est studium ; 
 
 Mirum animi candorem, 
 
 Singularem tnorum suavitatem, 
 
 Illibatam pectoris integritatem, 
 
 Sinceram erga Deum pietatem 
 Exjtit 
 
 t SpectatiSslmus. 
 
 Non minus dilectus vixit qiiam desideratus decessit. 
 
 Natus est apud Gracefield A. D. MDCCXXXV, 
 Uxoremduxit A, D. MDCCLXV, 
 
 Denatus est apud Eblanam die Aug. XXV; 
 
 Et in hoc sacrario 
 1°. die Sep. A. D. MDCCLXXXV, 
 
 Sepultus est. 
 
 •Desine, me miseris, Conjux, deflere querelis , 
 
 Fatorum leges nil revocare potest : 
 
 Non bona facta, tides, non connubialia jura.— 
 
 Certa manent omnes fata. — “ Memento mori.” 
 Amoris et desiderii perpetuum hoc monumentum amantissima filia 
 unica ac liaeres posuit Alicia. 
 
 • The lines and sentiments of this,tetrastic are simple and unaffected, 
 but they are also extremely pretty and foil of tenderness. Cicero 
 somewhere calls this touching simplicity of style “ Qusedam negligentia 
 diligens.”— “ Desine me miseris, &c.” In composing this and the 
 following tetrastic, which is in answer to it, the writer probably had in 
 view the beautiful elegy of Propertius, one ofthe most pathetic com- 
 positions of all antiquity, beginning 
 
 “ Desine, Paule, meum lacrymis urgere sepulchrum 
 Panditur ad nullas janua nigra preces.” 
 
44 
 
 The Grace 
 
 it from the narrow compartments on the sides.-^- 
 These buttresses are 10 inches in breadth, having a 
 
 Gabriel Altilius commences his elegy on the death of Sannazaro’s 
 mother, in a similar way : 
 
 “ Desinite, ah ! lacrymis tarn sanctos laedCre manes ; 
 
 Vbs vetat Elysiis ilia reeeptachoris.” 
 
 At Clifton in Somersetshire, Sir William Draper has, with a pen 
 still more vigorously wielded than his sword, inscribed upon a ceno- 
 taph, erected by him to the memory of his companions, who fell in the 
 attack upon Manilla, 
 
 “ Parce triumphales lacrymis aspergere lauros.” 
 
 To this line, so round, so beautiful, we may assign the artifice of 
 introducing so repeatedly the liquid letter R, as may be further illus- 
 trated by the line in Virgil’s first Eclogue 
 
 “ Formosam resonare doces Amaryllida sylvas.” 
 
 A line, which Dr. Johnson, speaking “ ex cathedra,” as he wafs wont to 
 do, pronounced the most beautiful ever written. He probably did not im- 
 mediately recal the exquisite verse in the second book of the Iliad, where 
 the bees are described as clustering about the flowers in the genial 
 hours of May ; 
 
 Bor pvS’a* $s irhonTXt tor' apQf<7iv tlxgmoTcrit. 
 
 As bees o’er flowers in spring in clusters fly. 
 
 The reader, it may be presumed, sees, as he reads, the image thus 
 presented. Luciah In his discourse on mourning ( tmSour- ) makes 
 a departed youth thus answer the frantic sorrows of his father 
 “ Unhappy mortal, Why do you thus lament aloud ? why do you cause 
 me so much pain ? cease to tear your hair, I am far more fortunate than 
 yourself— Why then do you misVal me and term me wretched ? “ Non 
 bona facta, Jides.”— As between man arid man the' importance, as well as 
 the necessity of good works, need not be insisted upon, because with- 
 out them, society becomes either a mere rope of sand, or a chain of 
 mutual inflictions; so in our relationships to a higher power, they 
 are valuable, only as they are evidences of our faith. That higher 
 power wants not our assistance : but it exacts our gratitude, founded 
 upon our belief. ‘ Connubialia jura.” When the sacredness of the 
 Connubial pledge, as well as the felicity arising from its observance, is 
 
y&r^T^- 
 
 faSO/Cy 
 
 J~i/y v/ay, o^i/b/?*^ AJcrf^ 
 
 jfl /</ c^a/y^' 4 ^ 
 
 $r~ &yjyz^vfe^ 
 
 fir SaS £a was? Sz£/s* 
 
 /£?(? MJcj^'Zr^cfrftTis^ 
 
 fjU &S> f fjfid fa** 
 
 • 7 a 
 
 ??a 
 
 
 
 aft 
 
 iff- 
 
 ZtrrMnuxt*. rV . Si .Hvlctrc/cfT'C/ . Cn • f 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 45 
 
 moulded water table at about one half theif height* 
 and pannelled from thence upwards. The bottom of 
 
 considered, we see the strongest possible bond, by which rational be- 
 ings are connected together, as from it> life and virtue in the offspring 
 must be the consequence, where the obligations of those laws are duly 
 inculcated. It is true, as is here said, “ Vtrta manent o nines fata 
 “ Omnibus mors communis est>” but for this very and most decisive rea- 
 son, are the laws guarding the matrimonial connection to be most strictly 
 kept, as it is only by their observance in the first instance, that in the 
 second, this gaol, which has and can have no second, can be reached 
 and reached with safety. We may grieve : we may tremble, but thither 
 we must go, for 
 
 “ La Pau vre en sa cabane, ou le ciiaume le couvre* 
 
 Est sujet d ses lois ; 
 
 Et la garde, qui veille aux barrieres du Louvre, 
 
 Ne defend pas nos ifois.” 
 
 In Quarles’ Emblems “ pace Alexandri Pope” there are mdny net 
 merely beautiful, but exquisite passages. In his emblem of Time, rfcs 
 presented by the usual figure with his aecompanyment of a scythe', he 
 is made also to hold a patent frem heaven for the discharge of hi* 
 office, and he thus speaks 
 
 “ Each day, each hour 
 My patent gives me power 
 
 To strike the peasant’s thatch, and shake the princely tower- 
 This is not surely a mere translation of Horace, 
 
 Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernds 
 Regumque turres. 
 
 or it is something better- perhaps a great deal better. 
 
 II. On Mary, wife of the 2d Michael Grace of Grace- 
 castle in the Queen*s county : 
 
 I). O. M. 
 
 Memoriae sacrum 
 
 Mariae Grace filiae et cohaeredis Nicolai Plunket 
 tie castello Dunsoghly in comitatu Eblanensi armigefi, 
 
 For this note, see succeeding page-. 
 
46 
 
 The Grace 
 
 each pannel is adorned with a handsome gothic 
 flower, and the top with a lancet-liead and cusps, (j 
 
 .kt vidua Michaelis Grace de Gracefield in hoc comitatu armigeri j 
 Quae 
 
 Erga egentes maxima charitate, 
 
 Amicos summa probitate, 
 
 Parentes singulari pietate, 
 
 Conjugem fidelissimo amore, 
 
 Deum insigni cultu, 
 
 Extitit 
 
 Spectatissima. 
 
 Sic, fide integra et christianis virtutibus praedita, 
 
 Et, eaelo jam fnatura,' decessit. 
 
 Xata est apud castellum de Dunsoghly, A. D. M,'DCC, XXXIV, 
 Nopta est, A.D. M,DCC,LXV, 
 
 Dcnata est apud Eblanam die Oct. IX, 
 
 Et in hoc sacrario 
 
 XIVo. die Oct. A. D. M,DCC,XCVII, 
 
 Sepulta est. 
 
 i 1 e sequor, O Conjux ! etenim mors janua vitae est ; 
 
 Te sequor, et mortis carpo libenter iter. 
 
 Pax, socialis amor, pietas quoque nostra fuere: 
 
 Sic regna ambobus sint patefaeta Dei. 
 
 Amoris et desiderii perpetuum hoc monumentum, amantissima 
 Filia unica ac haeres posuit Alicia. 
 
 || Hie former of these terms is derived from the resemb- 
 lance of one figure to the top of a surgeon’s lancet, and the 
 latter from the affinity of the other to the horns or points 
 of the moon— they are frequently made use of by Dr. Mil- 
 ner, Francis Grose, and other writers on gothic archi- 
 tecture. 
 
 • See p. 4<5.— The original attested pedigree illumed on vellum, and 
 collected in 1675, by Rich. St. George, Ulster King of Arms ; for this 
 gentleman’s ancestor Nicholas Plunket esq. states, that the Dunsoghly 
 branch of the Plunket family, is descended frsm Sir Rowland Plunket 
 of Dunsoghly castle, the youngest son of sir Christopher Plunket, baron 
 
 t this note, see succeeding page. 
 
Mausoleum , 
 
 47 
 
 forming a kind of trefoil figure. Pediments and 
 pinnacles richly ornamented with crockets and finials 
 
 of Killeen, and lord deputy of Ireland in 1432. Sir Rowland Plunket 
 was appointed chief justice of the court of king’s bench in 1 4 40, and 
 his son sir Thomas Plunketof Dunsoghly castle, who died 10th January, 
 1519, was chief justice of the court of common pleas temp. Henry 
 VIII. Sir John Plunket of Dunsoghly, the grandson of sir Thomas, 
 was also appointed in 15.59, chief justice of the queen’s bench. From 
 him descended in the 7th generation Nicholas Plunket, mentioned in 
 the text, whose estates ultimately devolved upon his three last sur- 
 viving daughters, viz. 1st. Mary, the wife of Michael Grace of Grace- 
 field, and of Dunsoghly castle also, which he acquired by this mar- 
 riage. 2d. Catharine, the wife of Henry Malone of Pallas-park, whose 
 only son Richard, inherited in 1817 the noble seat of Baronstown, with 
 the other estates of his two cousins the right Iron. Richard Malone, 
 Lord Sunderlin and Edmund (Shakespear) Malone, Esq. 3d. Margaret, 
 the wife of Francis Dunne of Brittas, whose eldest son, lieutenant 
 general Edward Dunne, is married to Frances, sister of the right hon. 
 Richard White earl ot Bantry. 
 
 + See p. 46.— The observations on the general character of the fore- 
 going tetrastic are applicable to this, which as an answer, is appropriate 
 and most impressive. To lament over departed happiness is too often 
 the lot of man in Ifis (jomestic relationships, but here the memory of 
 departed virtue is njade, and deservedly made the base, upon which 
 the hope of renewed bliss in a higher state of existence, is erected.— 
 Then in its application also, as a reply, expressive of acquiescence in the 
 request made by the former epitaph, it is not easy to imagine anything 
 more in taste, any thing more touchingly pathetic. In Pope we likewise 
 find a very pretty epitaph on bishop Atterbury which is a dialogue be- 
 tween that distinguished divine and his daughter. “ Te seqtwr O Con - 
 jux\”. Oh yes, beloved spouse, I cease to mourn thee, who art gone to 
 the blissful regions of eternal life ; but I will follow thee, if to follow 
 thee be permitted. -“ Etenim morn janwa vita.” These words are in 
 reply to the last line of the other epitaph, viz. certa manent omnesfata .” 
 And thus speaks Manilius ; 
 
 “ Solvite mortales animos, curamque levate, 
 
 Totque supervacuis vitam deflere querelis ; 
 
 Fata regunt orbem, certa stant omnia lege.” 
 
48 
 
 The Grace 
 
 finish the buttresses at top, and are nearly of the 
 same description as those mentioned on the outside 
 
 To the same purpose is the following distich, cited, I think, in Mis* 
 son’s travels. 
 
 “ Mors mortis morti mortem nisi morti dedisset, 
 
 Altern® vitae janua clausa foret.” 
 
 And this by Pallados, from the Greek Anthologia. 
 
 ESfAa ffiSor uvxyzr), 
 
 K«( iityior Kfartgoiy xa» xtXaaif {Sxffai >uv. 
 
 AM’ oTciv i%r/\Qri rov a-upa. rof, ir awo ^ttr^uv 
 Tov Bxyirov, Qtvyn 'nr dfiava to*. 
 
 The soul’s dark prison is this mortal coil. 
 
 It’s hell, its punishment, its painful toil. 
 
 It’s galling chain, it’s sharp tormenting goad, 
 
 It’s pathless error, and it’s tiresome load : 
 
 But when the soul it’s earthly cell disdains. 
 
 Bursts from the body, as from ruthless chains, 
 
 Death’s gloomy threshold pass’d and worldly strife, 
 
 It soars triumphant to eternal life. 
 
 There is more Christianity here than we usually expect to find in com- 
 positions of heathenish origin. Christianity possesses “the sure and 
 certain hope,” but beyond all doubt every feeling and cultivated mind 
 must, at all times and under all forms of religion, have felt this last, 
 as it is the highest, of impulses. Again, how terse, how forcible, how 
 conclusive is the following brief address recorded in Gruter’s Greek 
 funereal inscriptions. 
 
 NIKH<I>OPE XPH2TE XAIPE. 
 
 Nicephore vir bone, gaude. 
 
 It is predicated that he is virtuous ; the consequence is at hand. There 
 is cause for joy. Te sequor” being repeated in the second line breathe* 
 mnch of the pathetic. “ Pax, socialis amor, pietas, #c.” in reply to 
 the third line of the tetrastic, viz, non bona facta, fides, &c. ’T is 
 true we have past a life of piety and connubial love ; why then should 
 we fear death ? “ mortem timere crudelius est quam mori.” A life of 
 piety and love must be to the happy regions of eternal bliss a passport 
 Which the sting of death itself can never invalidate. A more general or 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 49 
 
 of the building:, except that moulded corbels occupy 
 in the former the same place that the heads of kings, 
 
 indeed a more particular commentary cannot perhaps be found for these 
 two tetrastics than the two following short poems from the fifth hook of 
 the epistles of James de la Croix. 
 
 Prosopopoeia filii defuncti adpatrem. 
 
 “ Ob mea fata, pater, lacrymas r.e funde perennes ; 
 
 Ilis mihl facta quies, crux mea, morsque fuit. 
 
 Corpus in hoc terrce gremio requiescit, Olympum 
 Mens tenet, ettrini gaudet amore Dei, &c.” 
 
 Prosopopoeia patris ad filium defunctuin. 
 
 « Quod lacrymis defuncti meis, tua funera, fili, 
 Prosequoret primi tristia damna tori, 
 
 IIoc musm meruere turn, pietasque, fidesque 
 Atque inculpatae simplicitatis amor, &c.’ 
 
 III. On Frances, wife of Sheffield Grace* son of Michael 
 Grace of Gracefield, and daughter of Jolin Bagot of Castle- 
 
 3Bagot, co. Dublin. 
 
 ■j-Nohilis ingenio, mitis, formosa, pudica, 
 Francesca, exiguo hie cespite tecta jaces , 
 
 Sed non tota:- — Animus cmli loca lmta petivit : 
 Solvere virtutis praemia terra nequit. 
 
 Quicquid amor, sincera fides, pietasque juhehant, 
 Sedula fecisti Filia, Sponsa, Parens. 
 
 ISJon luxus tibi mollis amor, non cura deeoris ; 
 
 Unica cura inopes et Deus unus amor, 
 lleligio flevit, flerunt Virtusque, Pudorque ; 
 
 Matribus exemplum, Virginibusque decus : 
 Sheffieldus flevit, pangens lacrymahile carmen. 
 Quod tibi perpetui pignus amoris erit. 
 iEternum fleret, lucis pertsesus et aurte, 
 
 Flere Deo vivam ni putet esse nefas. 
 Concordes animas Christus revocabit in unum, 
 Pax ubi sancta manet, nec dirimendus amor. 
 
 De Francesca Grace, alias Bagot, uxore ShefHeldi Grace ", 
 obiit die 3 Maii, Anno Domini 1742, rntatis sum 32. 
 
 * t For these two notes, see succeeding page. 
 
 G 
 
50 
 
 The Grace 
 
 &c. do in (he latter. This monument is 10 feet in 
 height from the base of the buttressto the top of the 
 
 * Seep. 49.— Mrs. Sheffield Grace was the daughter of John Bagot of 
 Kilmactalway, now Castle-bagot, in the county of Dublin, by his wife 
 Helen, daughter of William Cooke, and sister of Thomas Cooke, both of 
 of Painstown, in the county Carlow. Thomas Browne, 4tli lord viscount 
 Kenmare, acquired the Painstown estates by his marriage in 1750, with 
 Anne, the only child of this Thomas Cooke. They have been since, 
 purchased hy the late colonel Bruen ; and Painstown must, as Oak 
 Park, be still considered one of the finest demesnes in this country. 
 
 + Seep. 49. —The reader will easilyperceive in these lines many touches 
 of true pathos and affectionate recollections. Upon occasions, at once 
 so lugubrious and so consolatory, the “ solatia superstitum,” the true 
 taste of the composition is to effect it’s purpose, and I know nojjetter 
 way by which that purpose can be effected than by going directly 
 to the heart. The paramount meiit of the epitaph before us by Shef- 
 field Grace on his wife, might, perhaps, be said to consist in it’s un- 
 doubted success with respect to this particular. It has nevertheless, as 
 a whole, been pronounced “ beautiful, highly classical and pathetic, 
 and more evidently the real offspring of a feeling heart than the elegy 
 by Ovid on his wife, which is far from exceedingit in tenderness of ex- 
 pression.” “ Nobilis ingenio, mitis, fyc.” It may not be here improper 
 to cite some lines from the address of Ausonius to his wife Sabina, which 
 seem to bear on the sentiments thus conveyed : 
 
 “ Nobilis a proavis, et origine clara senatus, 
 
 Moribus usque bonis clara Sabina magis.” 
 
 “ Non licet obductum senio sopire dolorem, 
 
 Semper crudescit nam mihi poena reeens.” 
 
 “ Lada, pudica, gravis, genus inclyta et inclyta forma, 
 
 Et dolor atque decus conjugis Ausonii.” 
 
 “ Sed non tota: animus coeli, &c.” The liberation of the spirit, under 
 happy circumstances, from it’s confinement must doubtless be attended 
 with a joy and exultation, such as mere mortals cannot in an adequate, 
 degree at least, anticipate. We may hope indeed that piety may 
 even in the present stage of our existence be permitted to tell, as it must 
 enjov, the consolations derived from a source at once so lofty and so 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 51 
 
 finial, and 9 feet 4 inches in breadth, viz. the large 
 centre compartment 5 feet, and each of those on the 
 
 pure. “ Quicquid amor, & c.” This distich is remarkably compre- 
 hensive, and it might perhaps have been more elegantly arranged if 
 the poet had had the power of reversing the order of the amor, tides, 
 pietas; thus pietas, tides, amor, to correspond with the order of filia, 
 sponsa, parens, to which they refer, in the same manner as we find the 
 epitaph on Matilda, wife of the emperor Henry IV. of Germany, daugh- 
 ter of king Henry I. of England and mother of king Henry II. also of 
 England, which he might possibly have had in view. 
 
 Ortu magna, viro major, sed maxima prole. 
 
 Hie jacet Henrici filia, sponsa, parens. 
 
 He must here doubtless have meant to imply that love affords the dis- 
 position, upon which the sincerity of faith and of piety has founded the 
 character of daughter, spouse, parent. In this short enumeration, he 
 marks all the relationships of life, which can belong to or be embellished 
 by a virtuous female -contrasted with the possession of so much excel- 
 lence is the absence of the opposite faulty qualities, as stated in the 
 next line : neither sensual love, nor regard to personal charms excite in 
 hei any interest, viz.: “ non luorus tibi mollis amor, Sec.” Theelegant 
 
 antithesis in this and the three following lines is very remarkable, but 
 
 particularly in the line 
 
 “ Matribus exemplum, virginibusque decus.” 
 
 “ Pangens lacrymabile carmen, Sec.” In the like manner Martial in on: 
 of his epitaphs, 
 
 “ Accipe, care puer, nostri monumenta doloris, 
 Qui tibi perpetuo carmine vivet honor.” 
 
 ” Aetcrnum Jieret, lucis, See.” Somewhat similar is this 
 Sannazarius, on the tomb of a beloved and beautiful girl 
 calls Laura, ° 
 
 distich of 
 whom he 
 
 Et lacrymas etiam superi tibi, Laura, dedissent, 
 
 Fas etiam superos si lacrymare foret.” 
 
 Intne four concluding lines we are informed that “ her afflicted part- 
 ner would indeed weep for ever over her memory, but that he feels the 
 sin of lamenting her, now alive to God. Souls so congenial, Christ 
 will again unite, where peace, in all her sanctity, and love no more to 
 be divided, inhabit.” Heaven is indeed the true, the only place in 
 
52 
 
 The Grace 
 
 sides 2feet2inches. The eastern and western sides of 
 the chamber are also divided into three compartments, 
 
 which consolation for so irreparable a description of affliction upon the 
 earth, can be looked for, or being looked for, be found. 
 
 IV. On Sheffield Grace, the 4th son of the 1st Michael 
 Grace of Gracelield — This and the foregoing epitaph are 
 engraved on two copper or brass plates, set in the same 
 mural monument: 
 
 D. O. M. 
 
 Ilic in pace requiescit 
 
 Sheffieldus Grace armiger, filius, natu minimus, Micliaelis Grace d'e 
 Gracefield, in hoccomitatu, armigeri, idemqueneposOliverii Grace(primi 
 Rememoratoris Scaccarii in Hibernia, regnante Jacobo II.) proneposque 
 Guillelmi Grace de Ballylinch-castle in agio Ivilkenniensi, armigeri : 
 
 Homo, indole haud vulgari, 
 
 Pi'obitate, Prudentia, Beneficentia, 
 
 Et morum suavitate, 
 
 Enituit : 
 
 Et ob literarum cultum, 
 
 (Ille etenim Musas feliciter excoluit) 
 
 Ingenii acumen, 
 
 Judicii soliditatem, 
 
 Inter spectatissimos sum aetatis viros 
 Habitus est. 
 
 Uxorem duxit, Francescam, filiam Johannis Bagot de Castle-Bagot 
 in comitatu Eblanensi, armigeri, ex qua unum progenuit filium, 
 Raymundum Grace. 
 
 Natus est A. D. M,DCC,X. 
 
 Denatus Eblante V° die Sep. A. D. M,DCC,XLVI. 
 
 Et in hoc Sacrario sepultus est. 
 
 §Qna lacrymas, hospes, stillantia marmora fundunt, 
 
 Et Musse circum frigida busta gemunt, 
 
 Sheffieldus situs est, alto de sanguine Crassi.f 
 Sheffieldus tali stemmate dignus homo. 
 
 Moribus insignis, comis, dilectus amicis, 
 
 Inclytus officiis hospitioque fuit : 
 
 § For this note see next page. 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 53 
 
 each containing’ a mural monument surrounded by 
 a moulded frame similar to those on the north end. 
 
 Tn tenues largus, “ nulli pietate secundus 
 Doctus ; et, O, carus, Fieri blanda, tibi ! 
 
 Ergojaces, Sheffielde, decus, flos, splendor lernes ? 
 
 Ei’go silent doctae fila eanora lyrae ? 
 
 Certum ; etenim Francesca eiet tua : Cliristus in uniun 
 Concordes animas vos super astra voeat. 
 
 Sparge rosas tumulo, nymphae Libethrides ; et vos, 
 
 Bervades,^ O, vati lilia sparge tuo. 
 
 Quisquis es, et lector, die, molliter ossa quiescant, 
 Cingantaetemum hunc laurea serta locum. 
 
 f Scilicet, celeberrimi Raymundi le Gro3, qui inlJiberniam advenit 
 circiter annum M,C,LXX. 
 
 + Anglice, “ the nymphs of the Barrow,” (Berne) cujus aqurecam- 
 pos prope Arles, coemeterium gent is Gracreorum, alluunt. 
 
 - See I’* 52 -~ Although this epitaph on Sheffield Grace may not possess 
 all .the beauties which characterize his own composition upon his wife it 
 is yet by no means wanting in those touches of nature, which consti- 
 tute the chief merit of this species of writing. “ Quc) lacrymas hospez, 
 The author seems here to have had in view a very pretty little 
 epitaph written by Gray, on the death of Mrs. Clarke, beginning 
 
 Lo ! where the silent marble weeps, & c .” 
 
 “ EtMvscecircum, ffc.” This indeed exhibits a very interesting piev 
 ture. The mauls of Castalia, drooping in anguish, around the tomb of 
 the hard they’ adored. “ Alto <le sanguine Crassi, &c.” It is scarcely 
 necessary to observe that the Crassus here mentioned was the re- 
 nowned Raymond Crassus or le Gros, the very “ thew and muscle” 
 of the Anglo-Norman expedition into Ireland. It is very singular, 
 and as delightfully impressive as it is singular, to remark the co-" 
 incidence of character as exhibited in the adventurous warriors led 
 by Strongbow, in the crusading chieftains of Tasso, and in the heroes 
 who live for ever in the pages of Homer. Similar circumstances, if 
 they do not form, will at least bring forward similar characters , 
 though the converse of the proposition may perhaps he more true, when 
 we affirm, that similar characters will produce similar circumstances. 
 * * ra 'l one waf b the Greek and Norman expeditions., the touch 
 
54 
 
 The Grace 
 
 Over these monuments are gothic label mouIdfne'S'. 
 the kneelers of which are continued round the 
 
 which lighted the invaders to their prey ; and the Dervorghal of Der- 
 modwas the Helen of Paris. A quarrel about another lady of a better 
 character occasioned the angry secession of Raymond from the camp of 
 Strongbow; as Achilles had long before retired into his quarter, 
 “ eatm S h,s dea r heart” as Homer tells us, because the fair Briseis 
 had been taken from his arms by the “ king of men.” Lavinia in 
 "V irgil, blushing with equal modesty and beauty at being set up as the 
 prize of the contest, roused Turnus to arms against the pious A2neas. 
 In the “ Jerusalem delivered,” Rinaldo ambitiously drawn by the 
 Italian bard to resemble Achilles, is beguiled away into the enchanted 
 and enchanting gardens of Armida, by the witcheries of their fasci- 
 nating mistress. Thus also Raymond has here been styled the Achilles 
 ot our expedition ; and we may find perhaps for the craftiness and sel- 
 lishness of Ulysses a parallel in the character of Hervey of Mountmorres 
 In all these expeditions the warriors acted rather as allies engaged in 
 a common cause, than as officers in subordination to a commander in 
 chief. We may observe likewise that as the princes under Agamemnon 
 were bound to undertake the war by the oath exacted from them as 
 suitors of Helen by her father Tyndarus, so we see the companions of 
 Strongbow connected in a great measure, by the bond of consan 
 guinitv. “Cams, Fieri blanda, tibi.” Many of his Latin and English 
 poetical compositions are still extant. They prove him to have "been 
 not only a very general and polished scholar, but also a poet of no 
 small taste, and elegance. “ Francesca ciet tua Christu, in unum ” This 
 and the following line allude to the last distich of the preceding epitaph 
 written by Sheffield Grace on his wife Frances, viz. 
 
 Concordes animas Christus revocabit in unum, See.” 
 
 “ Sparge rosas, &c.” Thus Pontanus in his epitaph on Gabriel Altilius, 
 the celebrated poet, and bishop of Bruxentum, now Policastro, which 
 is cut on a superb marble monument in uncial letters • 
 
 Sparge tuos flores, florum foecunda, Patulci, 
 
 Et tu sparge tuas, Antiniana, rosas.” 
 
 Pontanus has been very much blamed for the too frequent introduction 
 of nymphs, Muses, tears, &c. and particularly by Gaddius for this on 
 

 
Mausoleum. 
 
 55 
 
 corbel capitals that support the vaulted ceiling and 
 produce altogether a happy and characteristic ap- 
 
 Altilius. His words are, “ extinctum (Altilium) ornavit carmine, 
 quod pro titulo urns marmoriae incideretur, sane ingeniosoet nobili, sed 
 panirn gravi, minusque congruo Pontifiei sacro, cujus Pontificialem 
 honorem et decus attollere dumvult, elevare videtur levitate. Nomina 
 nympharum, rosarum, & c. mollior et amaenitates ethnicas redolens, 
 Pontanus ad satietatem suis in tuirmlis repetit, nulla fere distinctione 
 personarum.” “ Bervades ” the nymphs of the Barrow, a river wjiich 
 flows not far from the Grace Mausoleum at Arles, in which he is in- 
 terred. This river is called Berva by modern Latin writers. “ Die, 
 molliter ossa quiescent." The ancients thought they could not give a 
 deceased friend a better prayer than, “ sit tibi terra levis,” nor a 
 greater curse to an enemy than to wish him the reverse. 
 
 V. On the 1st Michael Grace of Gracefield, eldest son and 
 he : r of the 1st Oliver of Shanganagh, (now Gracefield) and 
 on bis wife Mary, the daughter of John Galway of Lota, 
 county of Cork, and of Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Win. 
 Meade of Ballintobber, who was son and heir of sir John 
 Meade, by Catherine his wife, daughter of Dominick Sars- 
 field lord viscount Kilmallock. Sir John Meade of'Baliin- 
 tobber, the 4th baronet, was created in 1 77 6, earl of C!an- 
 vvillium. 
 
 Michaeli Grace, viro moribus intaminato, 
 
 Chavitate repleto, pietate eximio, 
 
 Qui vixit annos 78, ob. 1760. 
 
 Et Marine conjugi, marito tideli, 
 
 Natis exeinplari, Deo devotissimse, 
 
 Quae vixit annos 55, oh. 1736. 
 
 Parcntibus bene merentibus Oliverius 
 Filius natu maximus, hoc marmor 
 Posuit. 
 
 VI. On William Grace, Sd son of the 1st Michael of 
 Gracefield, and on his wife Mary, the daughter and heir of 
 
56 
 
 The Grace 
 
 pearance. The south end in some respects resembles 
 the north end, but it is finished in a much plainer 
 
 Richard Hartolil ot A I)ublin, and also on their 2d son John 
 Grace— Engraved on a copper or brass plate, set in a mural 
 monument.* 
 
 Guillelmi Grace, armigeri, tertii filii Michaelis Grace de Grace- 
 field in hoc comitatu, armigeri, qui ex antiqua Gracaeorum gente de 
 Ballylinch castello in agio Kilkenniensi ortus fuit. Apud Londinum 
 XXIIP. die Novembris A. D. M,DCC,LXXVII o I , H t, atque in ceme- 
 terio eeclesias de Sancto XEgid io in campis|| sepultus est. 
 Memoriae quoque dicatum 
 
 iae Grace, filiae natu maxima; et demum haeredis Ricardi Har- 
 
 etiam X c die Aprilis, A.D. M.DCC,XCIX obiit; atque in eodem loco. 
 
 Ricardus Gracet| filius, natu maximus, et haeres, Janam, honorabilis 
 Johannis Evans de Aula-Bulgaden, in comitatu Limericensi, filianr 
 neptemque Georgii baronis Carbery in matrimonium accepit A. D. 
 M,DCG,LXXXI. Johannes Grace, § filius alter, marescallo eomiti 
 eeleberrimo de Lacy, ccgnato suo, castrensis adjutor constitutus, pri - 
 ina, pro Germania; imperatore belligerens, stipendia meruitAmox ipso 
 imperatore Joseplio seenndo nominante, ejus satellitum cohort* prmfectus 
 est: deindc contra Turcas insigni virtute se gessit; et ad Belgradi obsi- 
 dionem, prineipem de Anhalt-Coethen, tanquam ejus castrensis adjutor, 
 eomitatus cst. Ibi XXXI°. die Octobris, A. D. M,DCC,LXXXIX, 
 setatis sute XX^X°. (uxore nunquam ducta) obiit, atque apud Seinlin 
 iiiliumatus est. Clara-Louisa Graced unica filia, Guillelmo Middel- 
 ton de Vivario-Stockeld in comitatu Eboracensi, armigero, nupsit, 
 
 D. O. M. 
 
 Memoriae dicatur# 
 
 de^Elbana/ armigeri, viduae ejusdefn Guillelmi. Apud Londinum ilia 
 
 quorequievit conjux ejus, terra; mandabatur. 
 Duo filii et una filia conjugium hocce beaverunt. 
 
 A.D. M,DCC,LXXXII. 
 
 *’Quis jacet hie? nemo: tumulum sine eorporef cernis ; 
 Herois cineres terra remota tegit. 
 
 lieu ! procul a patria Crassi sunt ossa locata 
 Magnanimi ; at signant laurea serta locum. 
 
 tt § For these notes, see next page. 
 ** p or these notes see page 60. 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 57 
 
 style, and the door-way, which forms a centre com- 
 partment is much lower than the side ones. A square 
 
 Laurea serta locum signant, qua irrupit in hostes, 
 pPannoniamque ferox sanguine tinxit humum. 
 
 JHac tam?.n in terra (si fas, hac sponte jaceret) 
 
 Mnemosyne Heroi surgere bustajubet: 
 
 Qua?, licet externa longe tumulafes in ora, 
 
 Alternant memori carmine facta viri,-ff 
 Ilinc, procul bine, ipsi vitam posuere parentes, 
 
 Quorum relliquias non sua terra tenet. 
 
 Attamen extremas cum mors adduceret horas, 
 
 O, quoties patria? cor cruciavit amor ! 
 
 O, quoties caros exoptavere penates ! 
 
 Aut saltern in ccelo visere posse suos. 
 
 |1 Anglice, “ St. Giles’ in the fields.” 
 f Hoc est, cenotaphium. 
 
 | Anglice, “ Hungary, Servia, &c.” 
 
 J Scilicet in Hibernia. 
 
 e See p. S6.-Mr. Gray of Dublin, an ingenious and skilful artist, is pre- 
 paring to replace this, as well as the lost inscriptions of Sheffield Grace, 
 on 3 brass plates ; and the design for a mural monument to the memory 
 of the late Richard Grace of Southville, has been fixed upon to occupy 
 one of the vacant recesses. 
 
 f! See p. 5t3.-He died at Southville on the 9th Jan. 1801, aged 40 years, 
 .and was interred at Arles, leaving three sons, viz. sir William Grace, 
 hart, with Sheffield and Percy, all unmarried, and two daughters, viz. 
 1st. Jane, married to George F. Brooke, esq. nephew of the right hon. 
 sir Arthur Brooke, hart. M. P. and governor of the county Fermanagh, 
 and youngest son of Francis Brooke of Colebrooke esq. by Hanah, sister 
 of Henry Prittie, lord Dunallv : and 2d. Louisa Caroline. Mrs. Grace 
 died in Dublin on the 24th of April, 1804, and was also interred at 
 Arles. Her brother John, who assumed the surname of Freke, on 
 inheriting the great estates of that family, married lady FJizabeth 
 Gore, eldest daughter of Arthur earl of Arran, and was the father of 
 John, the 6th and present lord Carbery, and of George of Laxton- 
 hall, county of Northampton, and also of Percy of Percy-lodge, county 
 of Wexford. 
 
 § See p.50.-This gentleman, who belonged to the Imperial guards, was a 
 Captain oftlie Carabineers in an Austrian regiment, commanded by the 
 
 H 
 
58 
 
 The Grace 
 
 mural monument occupies the space between the top 
 of this door-way and the bottom of the quatrefoil 
 window. The ceiling has a very striking and pleas- 
 ing effect. It is as original as it is simple and beauti- 
 ful : for, although it only consists of a single vault, 
 
 present emperor (then arch-duke Francis.) When as aid-de-camp he 
 accompanied to England in 1784, the prince of Iteuis, who married a 
 princess of Nassau-Wcilburgh. On being introduced at court, his 
 figure and address attracted very general notice, and when he was pre- 
 sented to the king, his majesty observed, in reference to the very heavy 
 losses sustained by the Grace family in the cause of the house of 
 Stuart, and of which the king stated himself to have been fully in- 
 formed by the duke of Chandos, that “ while he honoured it for the 
 firm adherence to its principles, he must lament, that their main- 
 tenance should have carried him into a foreign service, at so certain a 
 loss of advantage to himself and of service to his country.” It is 
 possible, that his majesty may have had this in his recollection, when 
 he voluntarily offered the duke of Chandos, then lord Steward, to confer 
 a baronetage upon his brother-in-law sir Richard Gamon, M. P. for 
 Winchester, with remainder to the first named gentleman’s elder 
 brother Richard Grace, esq. M. P. an offer afterwards acted upon in 
 the year 1795. We have also the authority of sir Richard Gamon him- 
 self for the fact, that it had been in the contemplation of the duke to 
 request, as a final mark of royal favour on his intended retirement from 
 public life, not a baronetage, but the revival of the ancient barony of 
 Courts town, in sir Richard’s person, with remainder as already men- 
 tioned, and which was alone prevented by the premature death of that 
 accomplished nobleman. The title of baronet was, as is well 
 known, the creation of James I. more indeed as a fiscal measure for the 
 settlement of Ulster upon the final subjugation of that province, than as 
 a military order or as a baronial dignity, such as was that of the ancient 
 knights bannerettes. Upon this subject, we quote, with a melancholy 
 pleasure, the following excerpt from the MS. memoir of his family writ- 
 ten by late sir William flyward de Beauforde, knight Bannerette, “ the 
 last of the title, last of his race.” In the body of this small work the 
 nobility of that race is very fully shewn. Sir William Hyward de Beau- 
 forde of Sheanbach castle (afterwards denominated Hyward or Beau- 
 forde Hall) in the county of Derby, was created a knight bannerette of 
 the palatinate of Lancaster in 1375 by John of Gaunt king of Castile 
 
Mausoleum , 
 
 59 
 
 it assumes, from the unusual manner in which it is 
 managed, all the appearance of a groined ceiling. 
 
 and Loon and duke ofLancaster, whose patent in French is there given 
 in full. He married Blanche a daughter of that prince, who calls him 
 “ his beloved son-in-law” in the above-mentioned patent. The 1 2th 
 bannerette in lineal descent from him was the late sir W. H. de Beauforde, 
 .or as “ more commonly called,” to use his own words “ Hyward Beau- 
 forde, and frequently only Beauforde or Mr. Beauforde,” as the dissipa- 
 tion of the patrimony of his ancestors by his grandfather sir John Beau- 
 forde determined him “ that the knowledge of his title and family should 
 die with him.” The works of this gentleman exhibit a man of general 
 learning as well as a classical scholar and an ingenious antiquary. — 
 His condition of life was most painful, and the circumstances of its latter 
 end happy in nothing but in its termination. He expired a few weeks 
 ago at the age of 84, air inmate of Simpson’s Hospital. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE ORDER OF BANNERETTES. 
 
 “ During the feudal system, all the lesser tenants of the crown, who 
 by their tenures, were obliged to perform military service and whose 
 quota of troops did notamount to the company of a baron, were obliged 
 lo join their companies to those of a baron, viscount or earl, and fight 
 under his banner. Edward III. in 1360 ordained that those gentlemen 
 who possessed more than two knight-fees but not so much as four, in- 
 stead of joining theii companies to those of the barons, should be granted 
 letters patent permitting them to carry a banner of their own at the 
 head of their respective troops, under the titles of knights bannerettes or 
 knights of the little banner. These were of a higher rank than knights 
 bachelors, but not hereditary. But those gentlemen who held under the 
 feudal tenure of knight’s seivice more than four knight’s fees, bore a 
 banner at the head of their troops of their family arms, under the title 
 and rank of knights bannerettes, which title became hereditary in their 
 family in descent of legitimate primogeniture. Those who held more 
 than six knights-fees, but who were neither barons nor viscounts, yet 
 could bring a battalion into the field of from 500 to 1000 men, had a 
 right by their patent, besides their own banner, to bear at the head of 
 their troops the king’s standard or royal banner, and in consequence 
 were denominated knights-bannerettes-royal, and the honour was esteem- 
 ed superior to the other hereditary bannerettes and enjoyed in descent ts 
 jp ^11 hereditary titles of barons. In the counties palatine, the lord 
 
eo 
 
 The Grace 
 
 _At the imposts, stand handsome corbel capitals, an- 
 swering to the piers between the mural monuments, 
 
 palatine created by letters patent a knight bannerette to bear the royal 
 banner at the head of his palatine troops, which patent was confirmed 
 by the king. This title was the most honourable of all the bannerettes- 
 On the decline of the feudal system this ancient hereditary title was 
 discontinued and none created, and the dignity was confined to those 
 families in which it was hereditary by creation of Edward III. The 
 title wasrevivcd in I486 by Henry VII., but few were created which 
 were hereditary, and before the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth 
 most of the bannerettes became extinct. The house of Stuart however, 
 in imitation of this ancient order of knights, formed an order, by knight- 
 ing under the royal standard, and from thence denominated bannerettes’ 
 but these were not hereditary, nor bore any relation to the ancient ban' 
 nerettes. James I. and his successors, in the place of the ancient ban- 
 nerettes, created an order of hereditary knights, under the dignity and 
 title of baronets or lesser barons in 161! , principally with an intent to 
 encourage gentlemen to serve in Ireland against the O’Neals. Under 
 this consideration the order bears, in addition to the family arms in 
 escutcheon, the banner of the O’Neals, the bloody hand. The dignity of 
 baronets by the Englisn monarchs is still continued with encreased 
 numbers, though the cause which gave rise to it no longer exists. But 
 of the ancient bannerettes only one remains, the last of the title, last of 
 his race.” 
 
 *U See p. 36. -She has surviving issue two sons, viz.: Peter Middel-. 
 ton, married to the Hon. Juliana Stourton daughter of Charles Philip 
 J 6th Lord Stourton, and Francis, unmarried— also two daughters, viz. 
 Anne and Barbara, both unmarried. Mr. Middelton, who assumed 
 the surname of Middelton, on inheriting the estates of that family, was 
 the 2d son of William Haggerston, Unstable, and of lady Winifred 
 Maxwell, the sole heiress of William, last earl of Nithsdale in Scot- 
 land, who was the only son of William the 7th earl, and lady Winifred 
 Herbert, daughter of William duke of Powis, by Elizabeth his wife, 
 daughter of Edward Somerset, marquis of Worcester. 
 
 ** See p. 56. -Differing from the two preceding inscriptions is the follow, 
 ing inasmuch as it tells the fact, that although the tomb may record the 
 jnemory, it does not cover the remains of the deceased, whose names 
 
Mausoleum , 
 
 61 
 
 from which’springthe moulded ribs4inches broad that 
 run diagonally on the ceiling, and intersecting in the 
 
 are impressed upon it. This it very fully accomplishes, as by it all 
 the requisite circumstances are distinctly enumerated. Its literary me- 
 rit may be illustrated by the comparison of the instances here selected 
 for that purpose. “ Quis jacet hie? Nemo, &c.” This abrupt be- 
 ginning reminds us of an epitaph written by Johannes Secundus, on sir 
 Thomas More, lord high chancellor of England, in the reign of king 
 Henry VIII ; in that however, the dialogue (hospes et civis interlo- 
 sjuutores) is continued throughout : 
 
 Hasp. — “ Quisjaeet heic truncus ? cujus caput ense recisum est? 
 
 Quec natat in tetro sanguine canicies ? 
 
 Civ. Hie ille est Thomas Morus, &c.” 
 
 In Gruter we find another epitaph of great antiquity, in dialogue be- 
 tween a stranger, and the interred. 
 
 Viator.— “ Partheni have! 
 
 Parth. — Bene valeas, qui me salutas cum Sosia filia mea.” 
 
 Signant laurea, &c. It was anciently the custom to adorn the tombs 
 of heroes and great men, who fell nobly in battle with laurels ; and 
 laurels have often been planted on the very spot where they fell. In 
 the epitaph on the death of Francis Bourbon, duke of Anguienne, the 
 author laments his having fallen in a tournament at home in his own 
 eountry, and not in a foreign land, during his campaign and glorious 
 victory over the Spaniards. 
 
 “ Qui nuper gladios et fortem evaseris hostem. 
 
 Flic, Francisce, jaces, nec sine ense jaces, 
 
 Heu nec in hostili potuisti occumbere campo, 
 
 Nec fortis forti victus ab lmste cadis, 
 
 Sedibus at patriis, &c.” 
 
 Pannoniamque, & c.” The ancient name of Hungary, including 
 Suabia, &c.” “ Hdc tamen in terra, &c.” meaning Ireland, or per- 
 haps the very spot of this cenotaph which memory “ Mnemosyne” 
 has erected to his sacred manes. “ Aeternant memori, &c.” allud- 
 ing to the present inscription. “ Non sua terra, &c.” Scilicet ex- 
 terna, inasmuch as they were interred in London, as mentioned in the 
 beginning of the epitaph above. “ Attaiuen extremas, &c.” Among 
 
62 
 
 The Grace 
 
 centre, are there connected with beautiful boss flowers 
 entwined through the several members of each rib. — 
 
 all nations, not utterly brutish, there has ever prevailed a strong desire 
 to revisit, (though only to die,)their native land, the spot oftheir birth. 
 The. latest thought of the expatriated Greek in \ irgil, as he falls on 
 the field of battle is 
 
 “ Et dulcis moriens reminiscitur Argos.” 
 
 Edmund Waller, the poet and possessor of Beaconfield house, 
 since held by Edmund Burke, when informed of his approach- 
 ing fate by his physician, replied, “ then like the stag, I will bend my 
 way homewards, and die where I was roused.” He did so, and in the 
 church yard of his parish an obelisk of stone marks the place 
 under which his remains repose. The four concluding lines of the 
 epitaph tell the aspirations breathed out by the party dying in a fo- 
 reign land, after the happiness of laying his bones among those of his 
 ancestry. With the pathos and chastened eloquence of this apostrophe 
 may be contrasted the emphatic strength, high imagery and extreme 
 simplicity of a short epitaph, on one of the ancient princes of Leix, 
 which has hitherto been preserved in this neighbourhood solely by the 
 care of tradition : 
 
 ¥ e-4/ftUoj a)\\ 0’VC)0]Ui. 
 
 yAyzA * ll c 5° xit) 
 
 f - 41 W) an ^Oac o neam inp %azy^ 
 
 trtajc na ti^eafi, ir 
 
 This language defies translation : the following is an humble attempt 
 and “ si licet magnisparva componere” is merely its shadow. 
 Henceforth, be thou, O monumental stone, 
 
 Content, till Christ ascends the judgment throne, 
 
 For, (him excepted, sprung of heavenly birth) 
 
 The fairest blossom of the sons of earth 
 The brightest flower of O’More’s high race 
 Beneath, reposes in this sacred place. 
 
 The praise thus bestowed, must be allowed to be of the highest nature, 
 and well accords with the aspiring character of this ancient and noble 
 race, to whose chieftain it is applied. A tomb of curious workmanship, 
 still standing in lord De Vescy’s garden, at Abbeyleix, is reputed by 
 tradition to have been constructed for that chieftain, whose brief mu 
 morial is thus expressed upon it ; 
 

 
 ' 
 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 63 
 
 These boss flowers are 10 inches in diameter, and 
 are different from each other ; a circumstance which, 
 
 “ malacijia^.o.toorfl4a^te.prmccp^rcqui<^at.tn.pace. 
 amen-m^ccc-l^r-vi.” 
 
 The magnificent and oriental colouring of Irish poetry has elicited 
 from lord Byron a burst of admiration, such as the kindred sympathies 
 of his genius could readily conceive and forcibly express. Mr. Moore 
 also has found among the bards of Ireland many a congenial spirit to 
 his own delightful muse. That these precious remains should be for 
 ever fixed beyond the reach of accident in a printed form, must be the 
 wish of every man of taste and feeling ; and if the Iberno-celtic society 
 could effect this very desirable purpose, a great, perhaps the greatest 
 object of its institution, would thus be secured. The origin of this so- 
 ciety in 1818. may be ascribed to the Right Rev. Dr. Murphy, Rev. 
 Robert Walsh, Rev. Paul O’Brien, Sir W. Betham, Mat. O’Connor, 
 I. H. North, Mat. Weld Hartstronge, Edward O’Reily, John D’Alton, 
 W. Monck Mason, W. Shaw Mason, John M'Namara, James Hardiman, 
 and Sheffield Grace, esqrs. An attempt had been previously made in 
 1815, to establish an Archmological society, among whose labours, 
 if it should ever be made operative) would in course be included the 
 ancient literature of the country. Edmund Hyde Hall, esq. was re- 
 quested to act as secretary, and addressed circular sketches on the sub- 
 ject. This desirable institution has been, however, hitherto unproduc- 
 tive of any result. A knowledge of Ireland is still unsought for by 
 her gentry. Mr. Hall’s previous researches, pursued systematically 
 for several years among the numerous Celtic remains of Caernarvon- 
 shire, may be supposed to have eminently qualified him for the situ- 
 ation of secretary. His examination of them has been digested into 
 an ample volume, which only awaits the proper opportunity to be given 
 to the public, and high as the expectations of that public may be from 
 a gentleman so distinguished for profound, exact and diversified know- 
 ledge, and for a peculiar felicity of colloquial powers, they will be 
 more than realized. — The strength and tenacity with which in Ireland 
 the voice of tradition, not loosely repeating the overhearings of former 
 days, but deliberately delivering what it has deliberately received, has 
 been exemplified in the instance of a shepherd from the mountains of 
 Mayo, from whom were taken, as he recited them vi.'a roec, a series 
 of Irish poems. In these occur most of the games which Mr. Mac- 
 pherson has assigned to the muse of Ossian ; but in, fact some of the 
 remains here alluded to, not only contain the whole of their pseudo- 
 Scottish counterparts, but exceed any which have been given by that 
 
64 - 
 
 The Grace 
 
 to those accustomed to view ornaments of the 
 Grecian or Roman orders may perhaps seem strange; 
 
 gentleman, who it is probable, contented himself with making selections 
 from the stores collected in this country. In the Walsh mountains also, 
 in the county of Kilkenny, a tract inhabited exclusively by peasantry, 
 much of the ancient Irish lore, likewise ascribed by him to Ossian, is 
 still upheld by the care of tradition. Upon the character of the lan- 
 guage itself, the following description here given was taken from an 
 ancient Irish MS. whose author was apparently well qualified, and 
 therefore authorised to make this laudatory piece of criticism. 
 
 t)4 £40jt>ejt£e. 
 
 re4t)£4, bjt), bo£, iiii My, ceoltiiujt 4 yed'6 
 £40it>eil£e ; 4C4 y] t)e4jicif)4ft £4i) tfeic 
 eAycAom, A]i%eA]i\\ £4iibejc fcoillejft, 4£Uf 
 lioi)tii4)i £4i) beic i om \\cac, 4U4 y) bin, 
 
 \>e<xcz, bUiubti4)C4|i4C £e4ft, £ 0 t)C 4 , y-dz- 
 
 ttui)t>4, t)i i] I4ipt) 4 nijr)C40jt>e £0 b|i4U, 
 HI yi&)ty Zdpp 4 bpudCdtf (dmip 
 zopd]ydOp C0J1C4C4 jjjl, ) £4i) ni4iue4 y cor> 
 cj oi) 4i) y ujd- 
 
 “ The Irish is a smooth, soft, sweet and harmonious language ; it is 
 nervous without roughness, laconic without obscurity, and copious 
 without redundancy. It is mellifluous, perfectly pleasing and florid.— 
 Its gliding stream never diminishes, and (like the fertilizing waters of 
 the Nile) it never overflows its banks without enriching the soil.” It 
 must be admitted that the English language is every day making inroads 
 upon the native tongue of the country ; and for that reason it becomes 
 imperiously necessary to seize and make sure of what must soon other- 
 wise disappear, while the means of doing it are yet in our power. The 
 first production of the Iberno-Celtic society will this year appear in the 
 “Account of Irish writers,” and the historical portion of the splendid 
 collection oflrish MSS. at Stowe, theseat ofthe marquis ofBuckingham, 
 augmented by accessions from the celebrated Chandos library, is also 
 now in progress towards publication, under the care of Dr. O’Conor. 
 It is interesting as well as remarkable, to observe how the union of the 
 ancient houses of Brydges and Grenville, both distinguished for their 
 literary character, lias taken place by the alliance of the marquis with 
 the heiress of the Chandos name. But noble as is the lineage, magni- 
 ficent as is the character of descent, of these united races, the fame de- 
 rived from such a boast, fades away in comparison with the splendor of 
 
— — — - - — — 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 65 
 
 but it is to be recollected that gothic ornaments^ pos- 
 sess a wildness of form, which admirers of that style 
 
 * According to the hypothesis of Warburton, the first 
 hint of the gothic, in the structure of the roof at least, was 
 taken from the appearance of the ancient avenues leading 
 to the baronial residences of our great forefathers. The 
 resemblance which is indeed very striking, may justify the 
 remark as illustrative, though if this be so, it is quite plain, 
 that we did not derive this style of architecture from the 
 East, through the taste of the Crusaders, and in fact it is 
 asserted, that all buildings remaining there in this style, 
 were introduced from Europe by these very expeditions. 
 Yet in the first book of Kings (c. 7. v. 35.) the spirit of 
 
 Sts patronage extended to literature. Homer, embarked upon the ocean 
 ot time, as long as time itself shall flow, bears along with him the name 
 ol Grenville in the unrivalled edition of him by the three brothers. 
 1 he marquis of Buckingham, the right hon. Thcs. Grenville, and lord 
 Grenville chancellor of Oxford, have thus made, a present to the lite- 
 rary world, which that world repays, and will continue to repay by a 
 never-fading recollection. The scale of political character, great as 
 it has been and continues to be in this family, flies up in the balance 
 when weighed against the impressiveness of their place in the world 
 ef letters, recorded in every royal library and university throughout 
 Europe. Clarendon was undoubtedly a learned judge and a good 
 statesman, but his history and his foundation of the press at Oxford, ob- 
 viously constitute his main passports to the memory of posterity. The 
 earl of Oxford’s name is now but dimly recollected as lord high trea- 
 surer of Great Britain, but to the name of Harley, as the munificent 
 founder of the Harleian collection, every literary association or indi- 
 vidual throughout the globe, immediately re-echoes. Second to Ho- 
 rner, if he be only second, Milton stands prominently out in the ranks 
 of fame i yet Whitelocke, ambassador from the protector Cromwell, to 
 the eccentric queer. Christina of Sweden, and in truth, as Hume observes, 
 of large intellectual powers, condescends to speak of this “ master of 
 song” as “ one Milton, a blind old man.” It is amusing, adds the 
 philosophical historian, to reflect upon this passage, when we recollect 
 bow little known is the statesman, how universally celebrated is the 
 bard. 
 
 I 
 
66 
 
 The Grace 
 
 of architecture esteem beyond any thing to be seen 
 in the most perfect works of Greece or Rome. The 
 windows that light this funereal chapel are of a 
 quatrefoil figure, 2 feet 7inches in diameter, situated 
 within 18 inches of the top of the ceiling, and imme- 
 diately over the centre compartments of the north 
 and south ends. A characteristic appearance is 
 here happily combined with that durability which has 
 constituted the paramount object of consideration in 
 even the most trifling particulars of this structure. 
 Panes of glass, less than three inches on the sides, 
 and in a lozenge form, are set in lead-work, which 
 is enclosed by an iron frame accurately fitted to the 
 cut-stone. Casual accidents as well as the decay of 
 
 hypothesis may discover some intimation of this sort. In 
 the temple of Jerusalem palm trees are mentioned as form- 
 ing part of the tracery. Mr. Swinburne has described both 
 by his pen and his pencil, much of this florid work in the 
 Alhambra at Grenada, But whatever may be its origin, there 
 is no doubt of the excellence of its adaptation to religious 
 purposes. York-minster is of this, unquestionably the finest 
 specimen which the British isles can boast, yet a very ac- 
 complished Englishman, who was too soon taken from this 
 world, has not scrupled to assign to ltheims cathedral the 
 superiority. For the purpose also to which the Mausoleum 
 is dedicated, the gothic style must be allowed to be the 
 most appropriate. With respect to the florid gothic, we may 
 here be permitted to add, that he who wishes to see the most 
 magnificent specimen of it as a residence yet perhaps ex- 
 hibited, will do well to visit Eton, the princely pile -ecently 
 erected by the earl of Grosvenor. In another style, or the 
 Grecian, Stowe may safely challenge competition with any 
 edifice, whichever, or wherever it may be,. 
 
1 ™ ^ 1 1 I IWILMMWBJLBLIWW 
 
idcn.Pttb.Jum iiAS. by WOXtid. MJVUtMl . 
 
TMieten.,. RihFrku/ftp.f'y :J:Ym/fjtJ3mnrt.VJ3liuWr(m‘sfo^kSh(7TMd.ffrrtv.&J<’nrsfttrrn0stffJtov. 
 
LondenAth. Jatb.11818. by JfNeaUj.S.BmneitS^BkM'iars Road,&Shiniood,,Ncd#,!c: fonts. FiUtr/wsbrlbw. 
 
/j/ndimFub. Feb? MS. bv WSBs.fd. M W/ute/uM . 
 
Mausoleum . 
 
 67 
 
 time, are also guarded against by protecting the glass 
 on the outside with a strong iron wire-work. The 
 small dimensions of these windows “ casting a dim 
 religious light,” occasions a gloominess that con- 
 tributes, in no small degree, to inspire those awful 
 and devout sensations which are ever experienced on 
 entering the gothic churches of our pious ancestors. 5 ^ 
 
 * To the spirit and munificence of these pious ancestors, 
 how largely has every succeeding generation, down even to 
 the present day, been indebted. Of their character and con- 
 duct let the pages of history speak. When in the very first 
 heat and contention of the reformation, the mother of Me- 
 lancthon, the friend and fellow labourer of Luther, distracted 
 by the noise of controversy on every side of her, demanded 
 of her son what should be the course to be pursued by her; 
 the answer was conceived in that spirit of meekness and be- 
 nevolence by which that great and good man was ever ac- 
 tuated, “ abide in the old religion, duly observe it, and you 
 will be safe. ’’f In carrying back our views over the long 
 succession of events, marking the history of Christianity, we 
 are at once struck with the services performed to Europe, 
 to civilization, and, consequently to the human race by 
 the professors of this “ old religion.” When with the ruth- 
 less fanaticism, which springing in full strength and ex- 
 panded dimensions from the sands of Arabia, the direful 
 spirit of Mahommedanism rushed upon Syria, upon Palestine, 
 upon Asia Minor, Persia, Egypt, the whole south of the 
 
 f Melancthon, as he was the most learned, so was he also the most 
 tolerant of the first reformers. Tolerance has, in fact, with some few 
 exceptions, been the characteristic of the greatest names, which the 
 long roll of British excellence contains. No eulogy is required beyond 
 the mere enumeration of such men as Hooker, lord Bacon, sir Edward 
 Coke, archbishop Laud, sir Isaac Newton, (omnium facile princeps) 
 Locke and Boyle, with bishops Berkeley, Butler, Dickson and Watson, 
 Swift, Blackstone, doctor Johnson, sir William Jones, and those two great 
 hereditary rivals Charles Fox and William Pitt. 
 
68 
 
 The Grace 
 
 Feelings of this nature must indeed be strongly im- 
 pressed on those who here, not only find themselves 
 
 Mediterranean, and was hanging in menacing attitude over 
 Europe itself from the east, while on the south, Spain was 
 seized and appropriated, and France only rescued by the 
 iron mace of Charles Martel upon her very frontiers — it 
 was then, that the Popes, directing over Europe the influence 
 concentrated upon the Tiara, roused her sons to arms, broke 
 in upon the Saracenic and Turkish usurpations with the 
 chivalry of Christendom, and by confining the combat to 
 the palestra of Syria and Judea, saved the civilized world 
 from that prostrat ion, in which, alas ! the fairest portion of the 
 globe is now condemned to lie. But we will narrow our 
 views of the subject, and limit them in their replications to 
 our own islands. Where is the history of the country to be 
 found but in the chronicles of churchmen, through many a 
 long century ? All the arts which sustain or adorn life found 
 their asylum in the religious houses. The monarch himself 
 was obliged to seek for his counsellors in their cells, and 
 from catholics (and from them exclusively) the land received 
 those princples of law, which, whether guaranteed in the field 
 of Runnymedeby our iron barons, or dispensed from the bench 
 through so many centuries, by them only were they so won 
 and so distributed. What — are we at this time of day, in 
 the splendour of intellectual lustre now abroad, to be called 
 upon to listen to the peevish and selfish railings of men, wh? 
 would be contemptible for their petty malice, i / they were 
 not detestable for the dirty spirit of jobbing and place hunt- 
 ing by which it is dictated Literature had no other place 
 of refuge whatever, but in the monasteries, and without 
 the transcriptions so systematically made by the hands of 
 churchmen in their scriptoriums the treasures of Greek 
 
 f Viz. the corporation spirit characterizing too many towns in tlii^ 
 part ofthe united empire. 
 

Mausoleum . 
 
 69 
 
 to be in the depository of the dead, but to be like- 
 wise among the remains of departed friends In 
 
 and Roman literature must have been for ever lost. In the 
 moral desert of those times the religious houses were 
 found like the few fertile spots, the bubbling Oases which 
 refresh the general sterility of the Lybian desert, and 
 link together the chain of human correspondence. Roger 
 Bacon, a man, with attributes and aspirations so vast, as to 
 be only not incredible, because they existed; this marvellous 
 personage was a monk. Before him St. Dunstan had mainly 
 contributed amidst his violence and usurpations to keep 
 alive the arts of decoration. Whence arose all those sacred 
 build incs which ornament the face of Christendom, and no 
 where more than of England, hue from the munificence of 
 catholics and of a catholic priesthood ?* by whom were the 
 
 * The following quotation from the memoirs of a distinguished digni- 
 tary of the church of England and head of a house at Oxford (for he was 
 principal of St. Mary Hall) will strongly shew a very adequate reason for 
 the munificence of the catholic clergy. “ Bishop Burnet,” says doctor 
 King, “ always declared, that lie should think himself guilty of the 
 greatest crime, if he were to raise fortunes for his children out of the 
 revenues of his bishopric. It was no small misfortune to the cause of 
 Christianity in this kingdom that when we reformed from popery, our 
 clergy were permitted to marry: from that period their only care, 
 (which was natural, and must have been foreseen) was to provide for. 
 their wives and children. This the dignitaries who had ample reve- 
 nues could easily effect, with the loss however, of that respect and ve- 
 neration which they formerly received on account of their hospitality 
 and numerous charities: but the greatest part of the inferior clergy 
 were incapable of making a provision for sons and daughters, and soon. 
 
 left families of beggars in every part of the kingdom Moreover, as 
 
 an academician and friend to the republic of letters, I have often wished 
 that the canons which forbid priests to marry, were still in force. To 
 the celibacy of the bishops we owe almost all those noble foundations 
 which are established in both our universities; hut since the reforma- 
 
70 
 
 The Grace 
 
 Dr. Milner’s letter to Mr. Taylor on the subject of 
 Gothic architecture, the emotions just noticed, as 
 
 numerous colleges and universities founded with a magni- 
 ficence only to be equalled by their utility, but by the mem- 
 bers of that religion, which the bigotry of ignorance dares 
 thus to taunt? will any Alumnus, any son of Oxford or 
 Cambridge, or of the great collegiate schools of England, of 
 Winchester, “ the parent of that of Eton and the model of 
 that of Westminster*’ dare to do this ? neither gratitude nor 
 taste may permit it ; and sure I am, that no man who tells 
 over in his memory the long bead-roll of charitable deeds, 
 daily performed at the gateway of every religious house, can, 
 if blessed with the sympathies of our nature, cease to bless 
 in his turn, the hands, that thus sustained life and miti- 
 gated misery — But 
 
 “ Men’s evil manners live in brass ; their virtues 
 We write in water.” 
 
 Sir Thomas More, among the most amiable as well as 
 learned of men, professed, and professing died a martyr to 
 the religion, of which he had been educated a member; nor 
 will the name of the good bishop Fisher be forgotten in the 
 recollection of the candid and benevolent. Cardinal Pole’s 
 gentleness, charity and candour, were conspicuous amidst 
 the scenes, by which that unfortunate and inglorious period 
 when they happened is disgraced. Gardiner was indeed a 
 catholic, but let it be remembered, that it was not the zealot, 
 but the sufferer under a most scandalous series of ill treat- 
 ment, that drove him to light up the flames of Smithfield. 
 Hispunishment of Cranmer,it must be confessed, went beyond 
 
 tion, we can boast of few of the episcopal order as benefactors to thos«> 
 seats of learning. The munificent donations of Laud and Sheldon, in 
 the last century, will indeed be ever remembered ; but let it likewise; 
 lae remembered, that these two prelates were unmarried.” 
 
i— • i .. -- 
 
EDWARB the (K 
 
 ob . \sas 
 
 from an original Picture . 
 
 Si 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 71 
 
 peculiarly characteristic of that style, are happily 
 marked. “ It is,” says he, “ confessedly true that 
 
 what a fair measure of retaliation might allow, but from a 
 man vrho had himself condemned the unfortunate Lambert and 
 tlie daring Anne Askew to be burnt alive, we may be permitted 
 to withhold our sympathy. Even to the good and gentle Lati- 
 mer, who bowed with age and trembling heretofore with feeble 
 step, stood erect, and with bold trampling advanced to the 
 stake, we may, perhaps we must give our compassion, but as- 
 suredly he only suffered, what in his turn, he was prepared to 
 inflict. They were the sins of the times let us hope, rather 
 than of the men, and dreadful indeed were the times of that 
 iron race, the Tudor family, from among whom I do not 
 even except the youthful king Edward. Nearer our ow r n 
 age, we will venture without scruple to mention the name 
 of Fenelon, of Bossuet, and of “ Marseilles’ good bishop’’ 
 who has not heard ? will any one, can any one speak in other 
 than reverential terms of Cardinal Borromeo ? and even now, 
 while the ink which records the fact, is scarcely dry, the 
 Diocesan of Cadiz has entered through the cordon of troops, 
 drawn around that devoted city to prevent contagion, and 
 has entered it to share, if he cannot beat down, the danger. 
 If w'e pass into the camp or the fortress, no well ordered 
 mind would shrink, it may be presumed, from the compa„ 
 nionship of the black prince, of the Captal* de Buche, of 
 Warwick, Salisbury, Beauchamp, Courtney, Chandov, 
 Audley, Holland, and the other gartered knights upon the 
 
 • This Title remained down to the French revolution in the chief 
 magistrate of Toulouse The Captal mentioned in the text was one of 
 the first knights of the garter, and among other companions of that illus- 
 trious order, never more illustrious than in it origin, he is recorded by 
 the classical pencil of sir Benjamin West, whichcomnemoratesthatgreat 
 event in the annals of chivalry upon the walls of the picture gallery at 
 Windsor. It is a very animating subject, very impressively treated. 
 
72 
 
 The Grace 
 
 “ every man who has an eye to see and a soul to feel, 
 “ on entering- into York -minster and chapter house, 
 
 field ofPoictiers, or would scorn to participate in those he- 
 roic deeds which the beleaguered towns of France will ever 
 commemorate. Alas, alas, that the greatest captain of the 
 age, before whom walls fall and military lines fly, should 
 have forgotten that, the Spanish nation, saved hv hi u was 
 catholic, that the army by which that safety was achieved, 
 contained manyacatholic comrade, and that among the ranks 
 oi his catholic ally, not a single protestant could be found. 
 Be it also remembered, that while some among us, as 
 churchmen have thus spoken of, thus wished to assault the 
 catholics, ourchurch has beetim its turn exposed toa hostility 
 behind it from the preshy terians in England, as both pres- 
 byierians, churchmen and catholics have again to repel the 
 incessant attacks made upon them by Socinians, and by the 
 numberless sects, for which, from their swarmings, even 
 the plasticity or the Greek language has long since ceased to 
 provide appropriate terms. It then the golden precept of 
 “ doing what we would be done by” be indeed to he ob- 
 served, let us, it we cannot command concurrence,* at least 
 exhibit an example of forbearance. 
 
 • Concurrence cannot, in truth be commanded, however silent ac- 
 quiescence may be enforced. The emperor Charles V. has left us an 
 observation, of which it would have been better if he had suffered his 
 subjects to profit, as well as himself. His course between the earlier 
 protestants and the contemporary catholics, had led him to do many 
 things, in the way ot interposition, which his retirement in the mo- 
 nastery of St. Just, rendered of very unpleasant recollection. Among 
 his occupations or amusements there, was the arrangement of various 
 clocks tor the purpose of inducing an exact conformity of rates. In this 
 respect too his Imperial majesty was not more satisfied, than with his 
 experiments, moral, civil, and political upon the human beings sub- 
 jected to his sway at a period so critically important in the annals of 
 
CHARLIES T 
 
 Emperor or GERMANY 
 
 oh. 1558. 
 
YORK MINSTEJR 
 

"WOJ CHE § TER CAT imF.imR; Alt. 
 
 Hunts. 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 73 
 
 “ or into King’s college or Windsor chapels, or into 
 a the cathedrals of Lincoln or Winchester, is irresist- 
 
 modern Europe. He reflected that if these pieces of mechanism, put 
 together by man he thus refractory, what hopes could there be of com- 
 pellmg the very thoughts, the feelings and convictions of our fellow 
 creatures to agree perfectly. Of this moral sentiment however, 
 his eldest son Philip made little use, and by its violation he lost 
 Flanders, among the most fertile tracts in Europe, and threw down 
 the monarchy of Spain into a state, from which it has never since 
 arisen. The persecutions of this sanguinary despot gave to England the 
 possession of the woollen manufacture, as the revocation of the edict of 
 Nantz by Louis XIV. bestowed upon the British islands that of silk, 
 which also, with other arts, through the same cause, were communicated 
 to the north of Germany. The penal laws of Ireland drove many a high 
 spirit and higher talent into the service of foreign states, and it was 
 not until the battle of Fontenoy, upheld against British prowess by the 
 Irish brigade, that a sort of reflection came across our statesmen, that 
 it might be better to have such warriors ranged on our side than op- 
 posed to us. We might have called out with the king of Prussia, when 
 visited by the emperor Joseph, with marshal Laudohn (of Scotch des- 
 cent) in his suite. The marshal was taking his seat opposite to Frederic 
 when invited to change his place and sit by him, “for” added he, “I had 
 always rather have you on my side than opposite to me.” The marshal, 
 be it recollected, had once treated his majesty in a rough way, besides 
 continually harrassing him by his own rapid movements. If at Fon- 
 tenoy, the renowned duke William could have made reflections lika 
 Frederic, he might have given the same invitation to the Irish brigade, 
 and the events of that day are in truth said to have sunk deep into the 
 bosom of the British government. Would to heaven that our repulse at 
 Fontenoy, had been the only mischievous consequence of the penal laws. 
 But their effects at home were still indeed infinitelymorefataltonational 
 grandeur ; nor can a stronger proof be adduced of this than the broad 
 fact, that every relaxation of them has been attended with a prodigious 
 bound in the race of improvement. Spain and France and England 
 could now by no contrivance of policy or suggestion of mercy recall 
 with the descendants of their expelled subjects the prosperity or glory 
 not only actual but prospective, which they lost by their expulsion ; 
 nor would the call be now listened to if it was made. It is sad reflec- 
 tions like these, that shew how deeply, how awfully a nation ought to 
 pause ere it takes the first step in persecution. 
 
 K 
 
74 
 
 The Grace 
 
 il a bly struck with mingled impressions of ewe and 
 “ pleasure, which no other buildings are carable of 
 “ producing ; and, however he may approve of the 
 “ Grecian architecture for the purposes of evil and 
 “ social life, yet he instinctively experience. 1 in the 
 “ former a frame of mind that fits him for prayer 
 “ and contemplation, which all the boasted regula* 
 “ rity and magnificence of sir Cristopher’s end the 
 fi nation’s pride, I mean St. Paul’s cathedral, cannot 
 “ communicate, at least in the same degree” For 
 the taste of invention and felicity of execution, dis- 
 played in the interior of the edifice, it is indebted to 
 the talents of Mr. Byrne, the architect now deserv- 
 edly rising into professional reputation. 
 
 It is scarcely necessary to observe that no wood 
 work is used in any part of the building ex3epting 
 the two doors, which are of black oak, three inches 
 thick, richly ornamented with gothic mouldings, and 
 closely studded with large water headed nails, accu- 
 rately formed and finished with the file. Of these 
 massive doors the locks are constructed upon a prin- 
 ciple, not yet very generally known or alopted, 
 with a double action of the spring, and with :he key 
 revolving upon a circular ward of solid cojper an 
 inch thick. Keys have been severally provided for 
 the rector of the parish^ and for the founders. 
 
 * The reverend Arthur Weldon, of a family long seated in 
 the neighbourhood, of which colonel Steuart Weldon of 
 Kilmaroney is the head. Few' things can perhaps be more 
 
MzXog ’Icoccvvov Vipmog fan ovrog W) <rZ dro^ 
 eig top (p'iXov ItypeiXdov Kgchraov. 
 
 he(/)(j)€i\S , ayaff e£ ayadtuv, it are'ptop ira’tq eadXwp, 
 Oore rroXv^eivov copop eXXaj^eg etryctriTjai, 
 
 Ov Qeptq aapetrai, pvxdratq, iepop para ptjop, 
 
 Xaip dyavo(f>pocrvvr)c epepep, yXvpeptjq r evpotaq 
 Kat <f)iXtaq trradeptjq, fjp epnedov etc epe rrjpetq 
 Tit or op eratpetaq aiblfiop TroXvtjparop rjQoq 
 E£ apyjiq ore irpioTOP epvpcrapep aXXrjXotip. 
 
 Tavra a 'Iwdpprjq dmrd'Copat, ov\ ocrop fjSr) 
 
 MeXXwj/ ePTcXeyaetcrGat eppq aVt) rrarpidoq atrjq 
 Etc X&6pa rrfXefandv, TaXarwp iroXiv aixpr/rdtop 
 Aovrenap 7roXvoXf3or" eyto de ae, pap aVeat tt ep 
 M oppvprj ce pera^v {japvaropoq ’Apcpirpirr], 
 
 Ov Xtjfa t/)iXewp re rcoOibp r elq oiptp Idecrdai 
 <f>tX’ icravQt reap pal (top So'pop kiaatpipdadat 
 Ojq rOTrapoq ppovwv top (top iroXvdeapov ox^ja. 
 
 Xatpe pot, ib Xaptrivp yXvpepop nr 6 pa, pepropt, eidwq 
 AtpvXtotat Xoyourt pepaapepe rrotPtXopvdotq 
 hrroptiop otpop rjpep veov rjfe 7 raXatop 
 Ev etfwq, (juXdjjtfiXe, tvttokti Pexnppeve paXofq, 
 
 Texrtraq cjnXeiop ocrrtq aeo of pop 'Ipprat, 
 
 Otre cnfppetatq crapi fetratp ifutypa^tp' epya 
 XdX airoparrovatp Peyapaypeva re'propeq dpfpeq, 
 QtAdirarop (jnXopprop , ope art dpi (TrrjecriTip, 
 
 XotPorpairei,e peyicrraviop, xpairTpijra 7reptjrwp. 
 
 Xatpe pot, iL <piX' eratpe, pal avrUa Pat pererretra. 
 
 TvpOKivpyGev. — Anglic^, « From Chiswick 
 
Mausoleum 
 
 75 
 
 Skill, care and expence, acting; upon materials very 
 cautiously selected, may here be safely said to have 
 been combined for the appropriate purpose of giv- 
 ing durability to a building, beyond which our earthly 
 remains can require no other abode. 
 
 On Monday the 14th of September, 1818, the 
 work was commenced,^ and on Tuesday the 15th of 
 the following December the exterior was completed ; 
 Mr. Sheffield Grace daily attending its progress. 
 The design and execution were nearly simultaneous. 
 Only two days preceding the commencement of the 
 building, contracts were agreed to for quarrying 
 stone, for supplying sand, lime, &c, and for the 
 ornamental cut-stone frames of doors, wiudows, &c. 
 It is rather remarkable that, during the above period, 
 a single day of frost did not occur, and that the 
 rain occasioned an interruption of only three days. 
 
 grateful to a cultivated mind of sentiment and sensibility 
 than the discharge of those philanthropic duties called for 
 hut too commonly by the circumstances of the peasantry of 
 this country. In every respect such has been the case it* * 
 the instance of the present rector of Killabin. 
 
 * Upon laying the foundation of the building, the various 
 new coins whether in copper or silver, were deposited in 
 the four great angular quoins. There issome thing very awful 
 in this appeal to nameless persons, through nameless ages. 
 Time in his march tramples unconsciously over these tes- 
 timonies, until he has effected his work of ruin, and then 
 .they may be produced to the eye of garish day. 
 
The Grce 
 
 7$ 
 
 As connected with the sbjeet, it may be men- 
 tioned that, in removing tb foundations of the old 
 building, the steps and sid walls of a ruined vault 
 were discovered, with a moth or entrance from the 
 church-yard. According toa popular tradition pre- 
 valent in the neighbourhod, this vault was con- 
 structed by Oliver Grace, te founder of the south 
 wing of Arles church or (race’s chapel as above- 
 mentioned, but the water amually rising and filling 
 it obliged the family, even prviously to its beingused, 
 to abandon it altogether, ad to inter the corpses 
 above it on a higher level, nside the chapel walls. 
 The Mausoleum occupying. as has been already ob- 
 served, the site of Grace’s chpel, now encloses these 
 mortal remains.^ They lieindeed mouldering, and 
 
 * Under the flagged flooringif the lower vault, the re. 
 mains of the following individual appear, among others in 
 the family-registry, to have beer interred, viz. Oliver Grace 
 of Shanganagh (now GracefieL) the founder in 1687 of 
 Graces’ chapel, ob. 1708. Hisvidow (Elizabeth Bryan of 
 Bawnmore) having remarried vith Edmund Butler, 6th 
 lord viscount Mountgarret, diet in London, and was in- 
 terred (1766) in the parish churh of St. Giles in the fields. 
 
 John Grace, the said Oliver", brother, and 3d son of 
 William Grace of Ballylinch-cstle, county of Kilkenny, 
 Frances Walker this John’s 1st vife, and widow of colonel 
 Thomas Dalzell, ob. 1709. Ame Grace of Thomastown 
 this John’s 2d wife survived him, and died in England, leav- 
 ing issue an only f daughter Eizabeth Grace, married to 
 Richard Gamon of Datchworthbiry, by whom she had th$ 
 late sir Richard Gamon, bart. 
 
Aius oleum. 
 
 77 
 
 decay ed, and annihiked beneath the stone floor of 
 this funereal edifice ; at such of the last and solemn 
 
 MicSiael Grace of Gicefiekl, the said Oliver’s eldest 
 son, olb. 1760. Mary Gavay of Lota, this Michael’s wife, 
 ob. 17:36. 
 
 Genald and RayroondGrace, two of the said Oliver’s 
 ynunpi r sons, ob. infan. 1607. 
 
 Sheffield Grace, one f said Oliver’s younger sons, ob. 
 cxrlebs, 1699. 
 
 \\ ililiam Grace, anothe of the said Oliver's younger sons 
 pb. caelebs ante 170S. 
 
 Johm Grace, the said (liver’s second surviving son, ob. 
 1710. Susanna Carroll c’ Burris, this John’s wife, ob. ante 
 1719, . 
 
 Oliwe^, Grace of Grucaeld, the said Michael’s eldest son 
 ©b. 1779. Mary Dowel of Mantua house, this Oliver’s 
 wife, ob. 1765. 
 
 Gerald Grace, one of he said Michael’s younger sons, 
 job. infans 1713. 
 
 # John Grace of Sheffildf the said Michael’s 2d. son, ob 
 Calebs 1780. 
 
 * Thus John Grace of Sheffeld, who never married, had a son James 
 Grace, of Ballylinan, onwhoe death in 1815, his property, amounting 
 to abomt 1 500/. of annual inome, was divided among his three sons 
 John, Michael, and EdmundGrace, of Ballylinan. 
 
 t This place was intended re rely for what in fact it was, the residence 
 of a bachelor and a younger on. The same name has been given to 
 another place, formerly calld “ Capoly,” in the neighbourhood of 
 Maryborough. In noticing tie change of names, it may also be allow- 
 able to notice with extreme arprise, the very cool w r ay with which a 
 claim has been advanced in Debrett’s Peerage, modestly arrogating to 
 a certain family by name Casan, French emigrants by origin, temp, 
 ill. III. and now abiding a this county, a portion of the blood and 
 
78 
 
 The Giacs 
 
 attestations of their living vvcrth^ as have been pre- 
 served, will long, it is hojed, offer some incentive 
 
 Sheffield Grace of Dublin, tie said Michael’s 4th son, oh. 
 1746. Frances Bagot of Casth Bagot, this Sheffield’ s wife, 
 ob. 1742. Their only child, Raymond Grace, died in France, 
 and was interred there. 
 
 Michael Grace of Gracefield, the 2d Oliver’s eldest son, 
 
 ob. 1785. Mary Plunket of Duisoghly Castle, this Michael’s 
 
 wife, ob. 1797. - . . , , 
 
 . fa at 
 
 Richard Grace ofy Southvilb, M r 1 P. ob . 1801, (eldest 
 son of William Grace, who was 3d son of the 1st Michael 
 Grace of Gracefield, and was ( n 1777) with Mary Harford 
 his wife (in 1799) interredin tie parish church of St. Gile’s- 
 in the-fields at London. Jam Evans of Bulgaden-Hall, 
 this Richard’s wife, ob. 1 804. 
 
 “ How opulous ! how vital isthe grave ! 
 
 “ This is creation’s melancholy vault 
 The vale funereal.” 
 
 Young’s Night Thoughts. 
 
 claims which so exclusively + belong t< the family here treated of. It is 
 no such thing, nor can one single tittle of evidence be adduced to 
 substantiate it. In fact, if the assumption of surnames, either under 
 the statute or from any other circumstance is to be admitted as proofs 
 ot relationship and blood, the identity of families may at once be dis- 
 missed.f Such sweeping claims put an md to all these proud distinctions, 
 without which Montesquieu has clearly shewn, that a nation must be 
 barbarised as m fact all such natiois have been and are barbarous. 
 Montesquieu is undoubtedly a high authority : a still higher must be 
 acknowledged in lord Bacon, who hac before not only said but insisted 
 on the same thing, and very apposi.ely quoted the instance of the 
 Turks ; a quotation forcibly true in hb days, and still more so in our 
 own. It is asserted that Mathew Cassan, Esquire , a respectable country 
 solicitor, was the son of a French medical practitioner, (Gentleman’s.' 
 
 * For this note see page 78. 
 t See note* in pages 18 and 17. f See page SI, 
 
llmsoleum , 
 
 79 
 
 to the casual readers virtue, and long remain to 
 excite and to justify tiie pious hope, that the subjects- 
 
 Magazine, vol. 84, p. 643,) who settled at Maryborough, by a lady 
 * hose « surname is thought' to be Sheffield, from her inheriting the 
 property of Joseph Sheffield Esquire, a West Indian trader, and that 
 -With her fortune the dwelling house of Capoly, (now called Sheffield) 
 and some other farms were purchased. With respect to the imputed 
 n ame of Joseph Sheffield, such a pnenomen does not occur in the records 
 of the late Duke of Buckinglana’s family, and its adducement therefore 
 is as unlucky as the whole mdter is groundless. No labour of research 
 has yet ascertained any particulars of this Joseph’s descent, or who he 
 was, beyond what his mercartile pursuits express. Nothing can be dis- 
 covered in the College of Arms, Dugdale’s Baronage, the Biog. Brit, 
 the Stemmata Chicheleana, ffie elaborate compilations of Sir William 
 Scager, or in any other work in print or MS. that can throw even a 
 g limmering ray of light, or ndeed furnish any clue whatever to enquiry 
 about him. The MS. geneabgical works of the last mentioned mdeia- 
 tS <rable antiquary are remaikably copious and exact on the subject of 
 the Sheffield family, and in j articular from the reign of Edward VI. to 
 the death of the late duke eri Buckingham ; during which period the 
 births and issue of every infividwal in it are clearly detailed, and the 
 several male lines followed dovn to their extinction. Neither have the Shef- 
 field MS. papers in the possession of the Grace tamily been more success- 
 fully consulted with a view to liscover who this Joseph Sheffield, Esquire, 
 the Jamaica trader was, as to descent or connection. These papers 
 form the result of a very diligent, general, and singularly minute enquiry 
 respecting the Sheffield farrily, though their chief objects were the 
 genealogical and legal claimsof Michael Grace of Gracefield, who, on 
 the decease of his cousins, Margaret and Magdalen Walsh, inherited 
 landed estates in the countiesof Middlesex, Sussex and York, «» hem at 
 ia „ to the last duke of Buckingham, and which inheritance he sold 
 to the duke of Bedford, M-. Nesbit, and others. But in stating the 
 silence of all printed genealoiical authority about lnm, it was of course 
 with an exception to Mr. Debrett’s Peerage, whicli stands alone upon 
 the occasion. With respect to this publication it may, in kindness to 
 its parent, be suggested, tint in the compilation of the next number 
 the persons employed may be required to give some little proof of com- 
 mon knowledge and commonfairness. We have all of us seen a treatise 
 upon the advantages of an aithor’s knowing something of his subject. 
 
so 
 
 The Grace 
 
 of them have secured the reward of the last and 
 greatest blessing to which human nature can aspire; 
 
 It may as well if to this knowledge were added some little feelings of 
 common caution. At all events let us see the testimony verbatim of 
 the party himself. “ I take the liberty,- ” said Mr. Stephen H. Cassan, 
 on the 15th of January, 181.5, “ of requesting the favour of your stating 
 “ the surname and descent of Elizabeth, I think Sheffield, who married 
 *' Stephen Cassan, Esquire, who settled at the end of the reign of William 
 U and Mary at Sheffield in the Queen’s co., and was great grandfather 
 “ of major Mathew Cassan, the present possessor of that estate. It 
 “ may be right to remark that Elizabeth Cassan above named, became 
 “ entitled to the property of Joseph Sheffield, esq. a West Indian mer- 
 “ chant, but whose son this Joseph was, or how related to the lords 
 “ Sheffield and dukes of Bucks, I cannot discover, as I do not find 
 “ him mentioned in Dugdale,or in theBiog. Brit, or the Stem. Chic.* 
 
 “ or indeed in any author I have consulted.” “ Habes confitenfem 
 “ reum.” To elicit information by means of enquiry is of course 
 wholly unexceptionable, but the context of that enquiry may be gathered 
 from the assertions that preceded and followed it. The very modest 
 and well authenticated paragraph alluded to in Debrett’s Peerage tor 
 1816- IT— 18 and 19, under the titles of Norfolk and Howard of Ef- 
 fingham, is as follows. “ Douglass Howard married John, 2d lord 
 “ Sheffield, and by him had issue Edmund 1st earl of Mulgrave, whose 
 “ line conjoined with that of Howard and Plantagenet, was carried on by 
 “the late Stephen Cassan! ! !” Sheffields, Howards and Plantagenets 
 thus associated ! ! ! Well might Trinculo exclaim upon creeping under 
 Caliban’s gaberdine, “ adversity brings a man acquainted with strange 
 companions.” Why this is the very reverse of the tyrant Mezentius’ 
 cruelty ! Here the cruelty is in tying the mighty dead to such living 
 beings. But let us hear the editor of the European Magazine (Nov. 
 1809, page 356,) who has also given admission to an article stating 
 “ that the countess of Anglesea married John Sheffield, 4th earl of 
 “ Mulgrave, and 1st duke of Buckingham, in whom the title, but not 
 “ the line became extinct, that latter being carried on bv the only 
 “ legitimate branch, viz. the Cassans of Ireland.” It was indeed with 
 
 * T ; 10 Grace family are noticed in this very work as the heirs of the 
 duke of Buckingham ; a tact, t hat was oj course auite inadvertently over 
 looked by Mr. Stephen II. Cassan in IS 1.5. Must not common honesty- 
 otherwise recoil at the assertions contained in the paragraphs fur j 
 in 1816, to Mr. Debrett, and others, as here quoted? ° 
 
*•? 
 

 (3 %c (Pates decree , tHat tie atptignftf (wrov^ 
 (To (V'omen Tqndc.to new e more Greifejfun Tongue 
 
 d$t(T' GlQpirJ'on : ToG'Ti Sta^orX extend’- 
 
 ling* byR.SawyerJ'rorn Ike Original in the Tofrejiion of J. Fetid F.tq ? 
 
 JPuklisked May M/(), byT.RODD* 2, GfJYewJwrt St. Lony Ocre, Condon . 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 81 
 
 The crime of plagiarism will readily be forgiven 
 for borrowing on this occasion the celebrated senti- 
 ment of a well known monument. 
 
 “ — Quorum in hoc mausoleo conduntur ossa, 
 
 Qualea fuerint 
 Ultimo die constabit.” 
 
 no small surprize that the following instance either of gross ignorance, 
 or of still grosser pretension, was seen in so respectable a work as the 
 Gentleman’s Magazine, (Aug. 1809, page 725). “ Edmund duke of 
 “ Bucks died 1735, the last male heir of the house of Sheffield, and in 
 “ consequence of his death, and the previous decease of Joseph Shef- 
 “ field, esquire, descended from the same ancestors, viz. the earls of 
 “ Mulgrave, the honours became extinct ; and the said Joseph Shef- 
 “ field, esquire, had left an only daughter who married Stephen Cassan, 
 “ esquire, of Maryborough in the Queen’s county, representative of a 
 “ long line of ancestors. The issue of this marriage are the only legi- 
 “ timate descendants of the earls of Mulgrave.”— a long line of ances- 
 tors ! ! ! certainly— for even the college of heralds will not dispute the 
 lengthened descent from Adam. The tradition* however among the 
 country people about Maryborough is directly against this long claim, 
 as it tells a very different story, which it corroborates by some highly 
 illusti ative facts. But in short if the claim, as it regards the Sheffield 
 family, had not been made to find a place in Debrett’s peerage, in the 
 European and Gentleman’s Magazines, and in the works probably of 
 many other credulous or obliging compilers, the mere loose talking 
 about the matter would never here have been noticed. For though it 
 is very true this ipse dixit claimf can only be met with in these ephe- 
 meral works, which in course nobody considers as authority, and though 
 the exceeding great absurdity of it is well known and highly amusing in 
 this country, nevertheless a necessity exists of thus noticing it on the 
 present occasion, in order to put it down effectually in the opinion of 
 
 • Vid. et, N. B. Sbakespear’s Romeo and Juliet. Act V. Scene I. 
 lines 37, 38, 39. — “ 1 do remember &c.” 
 
 t Mr Howard, a respectable stone caiver in the neighbouring village 
 of Strad rally, and Mr. Sheffield, an eminent hotel-keeper in the city 
 of London, have not yet assumed, the rank of esquire, or required the 
 public to suppose their respective names to be a sufficient proof of their 
 descent from the houses of Norfolk and Buckingham. 
 
 L 
 
The Grace 
 
 S2 
 
 Of the disclosures on that tlay some will be ter- 
 rible, and all be awful. But many, very many of 
 
 strangers, as well as to prevent time, silence, and undisturbed posses- 
 sion, from giving it any appearance of credibility. 
 
 We will now content ourselves with stating a few plain facts of the 
 ease, as they may be clearly and easily found on official records of the 
 highest authority. 
 
 The undevised Sheffield estates of the last duke of Buckingham, 
 which ultimately descended to the Grace family, were not it is true un- 
 eontended for at law. Lord Fairfax and sir Digbv Legard, claimed the 
 inheritance openly, and at least legally, under the horrible laws then 
 existing ; not indeed as the true representatives, but as the next pro- 
 testnnts in the line of succession. Fortunately, however, for the cause 
 of justice and of feeling, the claim was made in England. In Ireland, 
 the law must have admitted the claim, against which, it is to be hoped, 
 the conviction of the very administrator of such a law would have 
 revolted. A circumstance somewhat illustrative of Mr. Stephen H. 
 Cassan’s sort of assumption may be here quoted. The late reverend 
 
 John B chancellor and prebendary of Chester, had been engaged 
 
 at Cambridge, in an academical contest with Cumberland the dramatist 
 and happy as a fabulist. The honor and the advantages of this were 
 
 won and enjoyed by Mr. B till his marriage. Cumberland in his 
 
 memoirs however described, and described well, and with gooddramatic 
 
 effect, the contest and his own victory. The son of Mr. B very 
 
 naturally wrote an indignant letter of remonstrance. The reply was 
 one of concession, with a strong expression of regret that his memory 
 should have been guilty of such a lapse. Mr. Cumberland’s memory 
 had here the blame r but what is the proper name for a pretension like 
 Mr. Cassan’s, thus for the first time put forth, unsanctioned even by a 
 plea of contest, or indeed by one single tittle of evidence. 
 
 In fact, the gentleman himself has subsequently confessed it to be ft 
 mere assumption in a letter written January 1815 ; where he very dis- 
 tinctly assigns his motives for doing so. “ I will candidly, he says, 
 
 “ state, that my reason is not merely a motive of curiosity, but in order 
 “ to obtain a very considerable and honourable piece of preferment 
 “ which 1 can only be eligible to by stating, (although under private 
 “ authority) certain points of relationship to the Sheffields,” This dis- 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 83 
 
 them, let us humbly trust, will shew to the exulting 
 souls many a mutual virtue that has shrunk in this 
 
 play of candour is whimsical enough. We have all heard of the argu- 
 mentum ad crumenam,* but this argumentum ad stemmata is quite new. 
 Juvenal asks in his eighth satire, by way of commencing his attack upon 
 high birth, disgraced by bad conduct, “ Stemmata quid faciunt?” we 
 have at length an answer to this question, after a lapse of nearly eigh- 
 teen centuries. They help a man to “ a very considerable and honourable 
 piece of preferment.” Upon the present occasion however, the attempt 
 proved, that there was no foundation to build this preferment upon, 
 and thus the very purpose itself for which the claim was made, estab- 
 lishes irrefragably the fact that it was most improperly made, and that 
 it was as unwarranted by even any “ private authority” as in course 
 it must necessarily have been unsupported by any description of public 
 or official evidence whatever. 
 
 Long as this note may already appear, it may not be irrelevant still 
 further to lengthen it by the few following observations as subsequently 
 recollected. Upon the forfeiture of his large possessions in Iceland, 
 Mr. Grace of Courtstown castle repaired to London, with the view of 
 procuring their restoration. The circumstances attending this for- 
 feiture were of a peculiarly harsh nature, and founded upon that last 
 of basenesses, thfe taking advantage of a very slight legal flaw. In fact, 
 it did not occur, until ten years after the close of the contest for the 
 crown between James and William, when the defect was disclosed, by 
 a bill of discovery, as stated in another place. II is claim was warmly 
 encouraged, and would undoubtedly have been successfully advocated 
 by the duke of Buckingham lord president of the council, with whom 
 he resided at Buckingham house, and who in every other respect treated 
 him as his near relative. But the occurrence of a domestic accident, of 
 which it is unnecessary to detail the circumstances, occasioned a revo- 
 lution in the intentions of his grace, and thus, most unfortunately, the 
 claim, after being preferred, was, almost at the very moment of its sup. 
 posed certain accomplishment, abandoned. During however the period 
 of favour, the pedigree, digested by the duke himself in his own hand 
 
 • This is Sterne’s term, in allusion to the offer of a bet respecting a 
 disputed point, when a rich man is arguing with a poor one. Addison 
 mentions another sort of argument or the argumentum baculiuum , such 
 a* schoolmastersoiten use towards their pupils. 
 
84 
 
 The Grace 
 
 world’s commerce from the gaze of mankind. The 
 awakening to a resurrection has been very expres- 
 
 writing, was drawn up, and the relationship therein not only distinctly 
 acknowledged, but the heirship, likewise, after the contingency of a 
 failure of issue in his only son, stated. That only son was duke Ed- 
 mund ; upon whose untimely death, a claim was preferred, as already 
 noticed, to the undevised estates, which after some litigation was mainly 
 determined in favour of the Grace family, by the production of the very 
 pedigree itself, thus sanctioned by the authority of its noble author. 
 The duchess of Buckingham, a daughter of king James II. by the 
 countess of Dorchester, on presenting to them this highly important 
 document, observed “ that the Grace family had already suffered too 
 “ much in her father’s cause not to make it a duty incumbent upon 
 “ her of thus gratefully, and with pleasure, shewing her sense of the 
 “ obligation.” This sense she also, in many other respects, manifested, 
 ftnd in the possession of the family down to the present day, are various 
 pieces of valuable, and in truth, of magnificent plate bearing the ar- 
 morial shield of the duke. The family seal, likewise given by the 
 duchess, of ample size and with a setting in gold, highly ornamented, 
 is yet held by Mr. Sheffield Grace, and it may be added as a circum- 
 stance of some interest, when we call to mind the limited nature and 
 extent of our relationships with Asia at that period, that the stone so 
 sculptured was brought from Mocha in Arabia Felix in that portion of 
 the globe. The Mocha stone, it is scarcely necessary to mention, is of 
 
 the species called Dendrites, and is described by Pliny 37, jj. 
 
 Something of this kind seems to have been the gem worn by king 
 Pyrrhus as his ring, upon which the hand of nature had impressed 
 the figures of the nine muses. Ccrnfcyu.ub af/iaye /&S, 
 
 I 
 
 * See p. 78 — Here also lie uncommemorated, the remain* 
 of one of the most highly gifted and amiable men of his time. 
 
 M To me there need* no stone to tell’* that in few, very 
 few, were combined so great a weight of intrinsic worth with 
 an intellect so noble and improved, manners so polished and 
 fascinating, a penetration so quick and unerring, and ac- 
 complishments both of mind and person so attractive and 
 shining. Local incidents also contributed to the following 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 85 
 
 sively described in the monument of Mrs. Mid- 
 dleton of Chirk-castle, at the beautiful church of 
 
 stanzas, which claim no poetic merit, not even that of 
 chalking out a strong outline of the bright character they 
 would pourtray: but a controlling impulse, a kind of emo- 
 tion to be comprehended rather than expressed, impels their 
 appearance, and seems to hallow while it inscribes them, 
 
 TO THE MEMORY OF THE LATE RICHARD GRACE, ESQ. M. P. 
 “HONCOINO. PLOIRUMK. COSKN ITON'T, R. 
 
 DUONORO. OPTIMO. FOISE. V1RO.”* 
 
 tl Semper eris mecum, memorique heerelis in ort.V 
 
 IF sense or genius, or unblemished worth,. 
 
 If e’er departed virtue claimed a tear ; 
 
 Corn< > , soft-eyed Muse, lead all thy sorrows forth 
 To mourn a father and a friend sincere. 
 
 To mourn a father, fondest, dearest, best, 
 
 To mourn a friend, the firmest could be giv’n, 
 
 A patriot gone, alas ! but gone to rest 
 
 In endless bliss with kindred souls in heav’n. 
 
 Cold are these lips whose energetic strain 
 
 Glow’d strong and fervid in his country’s rau«e : 
 
 Hush’d is that manly tongue that dar’d maintain 
 Depress’d flerne’s rigbtto British laws. 
 
 • A stone with an inscription of six lines, beginning with this dis- 
 tich, was dug up about the year 1015, near the PontaCapena in Rome. 
 Scipio Barbatus, whom it commemorates, was living in the year of 
 Rome 494. The inscription is therefore, in point of antiquity, scarcely 
 inferior to that on the base ofthe eolumna rostrata of Duilius. In p. 
 833, of vol. 0 . ofthe Universal History (7 vol. fol. Dub. 1746) the 
 reader will find a full and clear explanation of this very ancient and 
 very apposite motto. 
 
 t The ancient name by which Ireland is called it Claudian’s and 
 Strabo’s works. 
 
86 
 
 The Grace 
 
 Wrexham in Denbighshire. The angel “ breathe# 
 the blast” through his trumpet ; she hears the call, 
 
 Ye peasants too, ye natives of this place. 
 
 Ye artless heralds of his local fame, 
 
 Whose ev’ry heart reveres the name of Grace — 
 
 So did his worth add lustre to that name ! 
 
 Yes! ye may mourn ; what greater cause of grief ? 
 
 Your benefactor is, alas! no more, 
 
 Whose gen’rous hand has oft supplied relief. 
 
 Nor drove the needy from his friendly door. 
 
 For, oh ! ’twas his to sooth the troubled heart. 
 
 In other’s woe to take a feeling share : 
 
 ’Twas his, compassion’s balsam to impart ; 
 
 ’Twas his to comfort the sad child of care. 
 
 When dread rebellion raised her blood-stain’d arm. 
 And discord ravaged with her pois’nous breath, 
 ’Twas his to shield the neighb’ring poor from harm. 
 The dupes of faction from untimely death.* 
 
 * As popularity was never more justly merited, so was it never more 
 enthusiastically evinced than when he was a candidate on two con- 
 tested elections to represent the Queen’s county in parliament ; on 
 which occasions the present lord Castle-Coote, the right honourable W. 
 Wellesley Pole, the late right honourable sir John Parnell, hart, and 
 John Warburton of Garryhinch, esq. were the other candidates. 
 His zeal to suppress the rebellion of 1 798, both in his military and pri- 
 vate character, though tempered by humanity and governed by law, 
 was perhaps in solid results unequalled. The love and veneration 
 which the whole tenor of his conduct had previously established among 
 a people warm hearted and grateful, when gratitude is deserved, so 
 influenced his exhortations, that he recovered from them seven hun- 
 dred stand of arms in the sincerity of their repentance. This important 
 proof of contrition, strengthened by their subsequent good conduct, 
 enabled him to obtain a full pardon and security for their lives Mfcd 
 property, which their delusions had forfeited. 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 87 
 
 bursts the tomb, and, in an attitude of aspiration, 
 atretches out her arms to the heavens opened to re- 
 
 Greece ne’er to him her copious speech denied. 
 Trained was his tongue to Rome’s "severer tone, 
 
 Th’ Italian called him t Florentine with pride, 
 
 And the gay Frenchman took him for his own. 
 
 Each lib’ral art, each native gift combined, 
 
 Pure science lent her guiding ray to taste, 
 
 Of thought sublime, exalted, and refined, 
 
 Of diction fluent, eloquent, and chaste. 
 
 For him his equals breath’d the sad’ning sigh. 
 
 The man by ev’ry gen’rous heart ador’d. 
 
 Genius bewail’d his fondest friend should die, 
 
 And ev’ry muse her votary deplor’d. 
 
 But greater still the loss did S— ff — d know, 
 
 Torn his lov’d parent from his helpless youth, 
 
 No father’s watchful care did wisdom show. 
 
 Or lead his footsteps thro’ the paths of truth. 
 
 Yet ne’er can he thy tenderness forget, 
 
 Though early doom’d to mourn beside thine urn ; 
 
 Thy bright example shall incite him yet, 
 
 Yet e’er to thee must fond rememb’rance turn. 
 
 Yes! dearest parent, still concentred here, 
 
 Thy sacred image in my bosom lives, 
 
 Long, long as life diffuses ought that’s dear — 
 Nothing more dear to me than thee it gives. 
 
 Oft too yon +hills shall mourn their whilom lord, 
 
 Oft JBarrow’s nymphs shall pour the chrystal tear, 
 
 • The Latin writers say of themselves “ musas colimus iever tores.” 
 
 t The purest Italian is spoken in Florence, 
 
 •1 The Boley hills adjoining the demesne of Gracefield. 
 
 J This river in its course through the Queen’s county to Carlow, 
 intersects the great vale between Arles hill and the Wicklow mountains. 
 
88 
 
 The Grace 
 
 eeive ht*r. Roubiliac, who dramatised in sculpture 
 Mrs. Nightingale’s tomb in Westminster-abbey, was 
 
 And oft shall -f-Leix thy patriot deeds record. 
 
 Thy virtuous actions and thy truth sincere. 
 
 And while yon ^pinnacles that heav'n-wardrise, 
 
 Where cold in death thy silent ashes rest, 
 
 Dim seen afar, can catch my wand’ring eyes, 
 
 Grief ever fresh shall swell within my breast. 
 
 The Barrow, the Nore, and the Suir, are, in the figurative language 
 of Irish poetry, called the Three Sisters. These sister nymnhs rise in 
 the Bladin mountains (Sliev-Blodm) and after running a considerable 
 distance in separate beds, unite in one channel, and descend together 
 into the sea near Hook Tower, in the county of Wexford. Similar in 
 the relationship of proximity at their source in Wales are the Severn, the 
 Wye, and the Ystwith, but there they seperateto meet no more. The 
 poetry of Cambria has personified these “lucid streams,” and tells the 
 story thus— “ Our Three Sisters, under the orders of a supreme authority, 
 were directed as they sprung from their beds to take their way to the 
 sea. The Severn, making an early day ofit, could afford to sweep away 
 her time in many a lazy loitering ; the Wye, though rather more tardy, 
 took however some liberties of excursion too : but the Ystwith being in a 
 sleepy mood, found upon rising that she was forced to run straightfor- 
 ward to her father ocean. Upon the banks of the first we know the 
 muse of Milton to have placed the court of Comus, and adjacent to it 
 is now the mansion of Lydney, which, very unlike that sensual stye, 
 
 stands the abode of every virtue and intellectual accomplishment. 
 
 The writer records, as he must ever recollect, with all the com- 
 placency and pleasure, which the purest friendship can bestow, the 
 traversing of these very scenes, thus touched and gilded by the pencil 
 of poetry, in company with his earliest friend as a Wykehamist, the 
 eldest son of the highly gifted owner of that beautiful seat. Such 
 scenery of nature, so impressively adorned, as it also is by the;. hand of 
 art from the olden time, could only receive one illustration, and it 
 received it from the presence of him, who with ample taste to appre- 
 ciate, possessed the ready ability to point out and describe with full 
 effect all thus presented to the view or offered to the contemplation. 
 
 t 1 he ancient name by which the Queen’s county was called, till 
 changed in the reign of Philip and Mary. 
 
 + The pinnacles of the Grace Mausoleum are faintly seen from the 
 windows of Gracefield, but the body of the Jjujlding is distinctly visible. 
 
FIX II ATE PA ’ APAIIHTON 'PIXAPAON KPAXXON , 
 TALENT A ’EN TO t TON KPAITON KOIMHTHPIfti 
 TO t EN ’ APAEIIN. 
 
 ’/2 (XVT\(X Otp-fcCUOV Kpd(T(T(OV, CD kdlVS TO(xfts, 
 
 'Og fir] cro7g Sakdcxoig brsfis^uo 7rks7crTa xafxovTcov 
 XcofxaT sucov 7rpoyovrou , tcov ocrrsa 7r6BsTai rffir) 
 
 *Av fiofxov sopcosvTa vsxpcov 7v ayaX/xara xsirai, 
 
 ’Akk’ oo tcov 7rpoTspcov <prj[x oofisva Tvjfis xsxpotyQui 
 Kpsicrcrova too ' (xo b 7raTpog d[x6[xovog, ov koxafiavTa 
 TbcTCT OL pOOCOfTTOV OCyOVTU XUTSXTaVS Mdipoc XpOLTOllri, 
 
 NvjkvjS' oofi' ayaQcov : rsp sovtcdv (pslfisTui A7fiag’ 
 
 Og tzots $(Q[xa.T svaisv sbfrrs<pdvco sv 'Ispvy, 
 
 Ev fir](xcp rap 7 rsp liacrikl(r<Tr]g obvo(x sSsvto , 
 
 ZZSivoboy. , soTsp7rrj, xa) 7rokkdxi fiocrxsv d krjrr) 
 
 ' Oo-Tig oi ctItoo xe%pr](xevog sip fiojxov skQoi' 
 
 Toog t atyikoog s(f>iksi 9 xui yslrocriv rjv [xsy ovsiup, 
 
 IldcTl 7TSpiXTiOVS(T(TlV OLTSpTSCL kl(XOV (X [XOVCDV, 
 
 OixoQokat- txyufiog, mcrTog <plkog, scrSkog a xohyg. 
 
 Obfis 7 tot a. pyog sco v crxokiag sfiixa^s Qs[xi<rTug, 
 
 A7\.k * as) fiyplv ts xaxrjv xa) vslxs dtyypsi' 
 
 Kai 7rokkobg 7rpooTps-tysv d(xslvova [xr]Tida<r()ai, 
 
 'Hfir] opivo[xsvoog xai Tsoysa yspcriv 'syovTag, 
 
 H[xuti Tip ore fir] (TTotcng s[X7rs<rs koyp sifioia 
 
 7T0iTptb , SfX(f)OkCDV TS (Xa^CDV xaxog CvpTO xufioifxog . 
 
 Oobs (xiv dipQoyyov fiou7\soTr]V oofi ' smxspfir] 
 
 "Ekka^sv t) Bookr) Uavispvscov, a kk' ayopr]Tr]V 
 EcrSkov, xou <p ikobr/fxov , 'lb s<~o^a (xicroTrovr^pov , 
 
 Icrovo(xov cnrsofiovTa (plkrjv 7rois7crQou ' Ispvr]V . 
 
 Oofi' oy a.7rslpY]Tog croQlrjg' 7rsp ) yap pd (xiv avQog 
 Ilaifislag ykoxspr\g %kospo7g (TTstyavouri TsSrjksi, 
 
 Ocrcru r sTia-Taa-Qai %pr]V so TsOpa(x[xsvov avfipa 
 " H L fissv , akkoQgocov cov i'fifxcvv %%oya ykcocrcrcvv. 
 
 Xa 7$s (X 01 , a> TTaTsp scrSks, xa) slv 'Atfiao fio(xoicri , 
 
 Oofis 7 TOT d(xvr](x(ov <7 so y s<rcro[xai, oofi' sv ovelpco’ 
 2;s<p(psikfiop 7rutficov (xscrarog Tpiarcrwv Tafis <pcovs7. 
 
 'Ev Aovfilvco, st si acox’ 
 
 i ? l 
 

Mausoleum. 
 
 89 
 
 here the artist ; but the idea is said to have been taken 
 from a monument in Switzerland. In the whole 
 circle of political economy, there is certainly no 
 one single point on which a keener interest has 
 always fixed itself for domestic practical purposes, 
 than on a comparative relationship of prices, as 
 
 There, much-lov’d shade thy honour’d bones recline 
 Where fstoried walls thy ancestors enclose, 
 
 There too, thy spouse, within one hallow’d shrine, 
 
 Now mingles with thy dust in calm repose. 
 
 Not long did she survive thy early doom ; 
 
 She wept, she sorrow’d from the world apart — 
 
 A few short years— then sunk into the tomb, 
 
 For ceaseless anguish rent her tender heart. 
 
 Gracefield, 1% 1 9. 
 
 f The numerous monumental tablets that cover the walls of the 
 Mausoleum, fully justify this epithet. 
 
 See p. 8.5, stanza 2, line 3.— The term patriot has undoubtedly been 
 debased in a promiscuous circulation, but be it remembered that wdiile 
 it retains its sterling value, the medal is the proudest, upon which the 
 name of -man can be impressed. Be it likewise remembered, that the 
 same term bears no necessary connection with political interferences, for 
 he is the best of patriots, by whom the brightest example of all the domes- 
 tic virtues is exhibited. In the present instance, the public services of 
 this gentleman at a very disastrous period were of no ordinary kind, 
 and must be regarded with the more complacency, as having been not 
 enforced by violence, but rendered efficacious by the milder influence of 
 an affectionate authority. This influence was the fruit, and justly so, of 
 not only disinterested conduct as a x-epresentative of the people, but of 
 the practice in his domestic circles of an active and well regulated bene- 
 volence. In a season of general dearth but too well remembered 
 through the country, his extensive and (in proporlion to his property) 
 splendid charity was of the most decisive service to a distressed popu- 
 lation. Such are the titles to the character of patriot in a free state 
 like our own, and when they can, in the instance of any other individual 
 be equally well made out, the writer of these pages will be among the 
 most ready to acknowledge their validity. 
 
 M 
 
90 
 
 The Grace 
 
 bearing upon the sales of land at different periods.# 
 A scale of the prices paid for labour likewise. 
 
 * Theorists greatly err, who maintain that in Ireland, as 
 in England, the value of land determines the value of la- 
 bour and of the necessaries of life. If in our country, the 
 peasant’s daily hire be now from ten-pence to a shilling; and if 
 the average price ofbeef and mutton be less than 5d. a pound, 
 what are we to suppose the value of these to have been a 
 eentury ago in this neighbourhood under the following cir- 
 cumstances ? It appears from the original MS. of a rental!, 
 made for Michael Grace of Gracefield, on the death of his 
 father Oliver in 1708, that that part of his estate which lay 
 in the adjoining parish of Rathaspeck, being about 1300 
 acres, distant between 3 and 4 miles to the north west of this 
 church, was let at something less than 3s. 6d. an acre. Most 
 of it did not produce above 2s. 6d. and much of it only 2s. 2d. 
 though, indeed, for part of it the then high rent of 4s. 4d. 
 an acre was paid. The townland of Kilfeakle in particular 
 was held at 2s. 6d. an acre, and it is now let at 2/. an acre. 
 So very great a disproportion between the past and the pre* 
 sent value of land,, is however certainly not universal. The 
 same rentall informs us, that part of that gentleman’s estate 
 in the county of Kilkenny, and not above three miles dis- 
 tant from the populous city of that county, was then let at 
 the acreable rent of 6s. of which 167 acres have been this 
 present year (1819) relet at 1 1 . 1 5s. per acre. From the 
 rentalls at Gracefield, similar comparisons might be made in 
 reference to land within five milesof Dublin, and within three 
 miles of Elphin, in the county of Roscommon, as well as to 
 land in other parts of this county; but they in general almost 
 exclusively tell in favour of the proprietor, and shew the poor 
 man’s labour, and the price of provisions to be in Ireland, 
 very disproportionately influenced by the value of land. 
 The mind, however, can never rest on the accuracy of such 
 
Mausoleum , 
 
 91 
 
 ia all its shapes, as connected with property, is 
 also too desirable to require any apology for giv- 
 
 deductions formed on a large scale, as applicable to the 
 whole of the country, until its actual state and capabilities be 
 more fully developed. But the Parochial Survey of Ireland 
 would, if complete, afford every satisfactory data, as from 
 the minuteness of its subdivisions, it elicits facts from every 
 portion of the territorial surface, and in its comprehension 
 finally includes the whole. It is to be regretted that its 
 completion should require to be spoken of in dubious terms, 
 but on comparing the magnitude of the undertaking with 
 the resources of an individual, however praiseworthy the 
 public spirit that excited the attempt is to be deemed, its 
 continuance, unless aided by means more extensive, is an 
 object rather of desire than of expectation. Scotland has 
 indeed attained this object ; or to borrow a metaphor from 
 its indefatigable and truly patriotic compiler, the capstone 
 has been placed on the summit of the statistical pyramid. 
 For not only has every parish been analyzed and laid before 
 the public, but it’s contents have been digested and com- 
 pressed into county reports, from which has been formed a 
 general report, presenting a summary view of the country, 
 its capabilities, and resources, and exhibiting a proud por- 
 trait of the man by whom, and of the country out of which 
 it was composed. If the labour of compilation be greater 
 with respect to Ireland in consequence of its greater extent, 
 and (it must be added) it’s less perfect civil organization, 
 it is on the other hand lessened by the preceding example 
 of the neighbouring country, animating from its success, 
 and simplifying the process by the lessons of its experience. 
 England likewise, now the great laboratory of literature for 
 the world, is deficient in this respect. Abounding in local 
 history and topography, it is still without the materials for 
 a geneial survey ; a confused apd distorted image might 
 
92 
 
 The Grace 
 
 ing them here. The true justification, we will not 
 say excuse, of such statements, is the earnest wish 
 
 perhaps, be collected from these scattered and imperfect 
 fragments, but the uniform mirror is wanting to exhibit a 
 perfect whole. Yet — to return to our own country — the 
 attempt now making forbids us to despond. In the season of 
 prosperity, when wealth and plenty teemed ^superabundance, 
 such enquiries, though then most easily carried on, were 
 least thought of; no necessity then appeared for searching 
 after new channels of industry, or, for resources hitherto un- 
 touched. But the season of reverse compels the nation to 
 look into itself, to scrutinize every part, in the hope that 
 somewhere will be found those veins of plenty which lay 
 concealed in the season of plethoric health. Where streams 
 of water are copious, we squander that precious element 
 unthinkingly; in the desert we dig for wells. Hence we 
 are led to conclude that a sense ot general want will induce 
 the many to combine their efforts for the completion of a 
 work, which, simple in its detached parts, may be made the 
 great basis of national vigour and prosperity : and what is 
 government but the concentration of individual energies? 
 The progress of our more sedulous continental neighbours 
 should be a further stimulus to exertion in this primary de- 
 partment of political economy. The statistical survey of 
 France according to departments, commenced under Bo- 
 naparte, is continued, though with relaxed energy, by the 
 Bourbons. Nay, this active and inquisitive people have 
 gone still further; not content with analyzing their domestic 
 resources, they have extended their views to Great Britain. 
 An engineer of some note, M. Charles Dupin, who has al- 
 ready gained himself a name as the author of scientific 
 travels through these islands, has announced his intention 
 of publishing a work on our great military, naval, and civil 
 
Mausoleum . 
 
 93 
 
 which most thoughtful readers of history must have 
 experienced, that similar matters of account should 
 
 establishments. A late French work also presents us with 
 the following highly interesting statistical view of Europe, 
 affording a very curious display of the comparative state of 
 its several component parts. 
 
 Europe contains in superficies, 153,529 square geographic miles, 
 of 15 to a degree, or only 1-16 of the continental superfices of the 
 whole earth. Its population is estimated at 180 millions and a 
 half; which gives, one with another, 1177 inhabitants to each 
 square geographic mile. It should always be remembered, that 
 this population is very unequally divided; for if in the Low 
 Countries, for example, we reckon 4550 inhabitants to a square 
 mile, Russia contains but 447 ; Sweden 362; and Norway only 
 118. 
 
 Europe contains 17 nations; 1st, nations speaking the dialects 
 derived from the Latin language, 61 millions ; 2d, Teutonic, 
 nations, 54 millions ; 3d, Sclavonians, 46 millions; 4th, Celts 
 3,720,000; 5th, Tartars, 3,500,000; 6th, Magyans, 3,250,000 
 7th, Greeks, 2,100,000; 8th, Finns, 1,800,000 ; 9tli, Gimme* 
 nians, 1,610,000; 10th, Basques, 630, 000 ; 11th. Arnauts, 330,000 
 12fh, Maltese, 80,000; 13th, Circassians, 8,000 ; 14th, Satnoeides 
 2,100; 15lh. Jews, 2,060,000; 16th. Gipsies, 340,000; and 17th, 
 Armenians, 150,000. 
 
 The Roman Catholics are in number about 100 millions; the 
 Protestants of different Communions, about 42 millions; the 
 schismatic Greeks, 32 millions; the Menonists, 240,000; the 
 Methodists, 190,000; the Unitarians, 50,000; (he Quakers, 
 40,000; the Mahometans, 2,630,000; the Jews, 2,060,000; and 
 the Herrnhutters, 40,000. 
 
 In classing out each state according to its superficies, i/.s po- 
 pulation, its ordinary revenu-es, and (he contributire proportion 
 
$4 
 
 The Grace 
 
 have beeq preserved for their examination. We can- 
 not therefore in consonance with this principle more 
 
 of each individual towards the public burdens, we find that they 
 should occupy the following order : — • 
 
 Superficies. — 1st, Russia ; 2d, Sweden ; 3d, Austria ; 4th, France ; 
 5th, Turkey; 6th, Spain; 7th, Great Britain ; Stli, Prussia; 
 9th, Germany; 10th, Denmark; 11th, the Two Sicilies; 12th, 
 Portugal; 13th, Sardinia; 14th, the Netherlands; I5th, Swit- 
 zerland; 16th, the Ecclesiastical States; and 17th, Tuscany, &c. 
 
 Population. — 1st, Russia; 2d, France; 3d, Austria; 4th, 
 Great Britain; 5th, Germany; 6th, Spain; 7th, Prussia; 8tli, 
 Turkey; 9th, the Two Sicilies; 10th, the Netherlands; 11th, 
 Sardinia; 12th, Portugal; 13th, Sweden; 14th, the Ecclesi- 
 astical States; loth, Switzerland ; 16th, Denmark; I7th, Tus- 
 cany, &c. 
 
 Revenue. — 1st, Great Britain; 2d, France; 3d, Russia; 4th, 
 Austria; 5th, Germany; 6th, the Netherlands; 7th, Prussia; 
 8th, Spain; 9th, Turkey; 10th, Portugal; 11th, the Two 
 Sicilies; 12th, Sardinia ; 13th, Sweden ; 14th, Denmark ; 15th, 
 the Ecclesiastical States; 16th, Tuscany; and 17tb, Switzer- 
 land, he. 
 
 Contributive portion *f each individual towards the public 
 ■charges This last calculation is the most curious. — It demon- 
 strates what each individual pays annually, one with another — 
 namely, in England, 52 francs, 17 cents ; in the Netherlands, 28f. 
 5c. ; in France, 19f. 71c. ; in Germany, 16f. 6c, ; in Russia, 15f. 
 SSc. ; in Denmark, 14f. 60c.; in Portugal, 13f. 58c. ; in Prussia, 
 13f. 14c. ; in Spain, 12f. 60c. ; in Sardinia, 12f, 5c. ; in Austria, 
 Ilf. 68c.; in the Ecclesiastical States, 9f. 49c. ; in Sweden, 9f. 
 31c.; in Tuscany, 9f. 12c.; in Turkey, 9f. 4c.; in the Two 
 Sicilies, 7(. 97c.; and in Switzerland, 5f. 47c. This last Is the 
 weakest of all the European States* 
 
Mausoleum . 
 
 95 
 
 profitably conclude the present sketch, than by de- 
 tailing every particular of work and materials used 
 
 Of all the studies, which treat of human relationships, that of 
 political economy may be deemed among the highest, since in 
 fact it includes, and in truth means the happiness of mankind. 
 To be apolitical economist, H a man must be versed in the civil 
 as well as the natural geography of the country described ; lie 
 must know the extent and state of its agriculture, the bearings of 
 its commerce whether internal or foreign, its manufactures, and pro- 
 portion of its population employed in them; the religion and habits 
 of the people, and the historical causes of their formation, the 
 reasons of the differences, in this respect, between those of the 
 neighbouring countries and the one immediately treated of. 
 But this view of the subject, though strictly practical, is a cold 
 one in comparison of what may be opened upon us. “ Nihil 
 hunianum a me alienum puto” says the philanthropist in Te- 
 rence. The very self same thing may the political economist 
 proclaim. The arts, the sciences, all learning, and knowledge, 
 belong to him. The Bodleian, rich in ancient lore, the British 
 museum, exhibiting a picture of manners from the minutest 
 specimens of art to its strangest extravagances in savage weapons, 
 the laboratory of sir Humphry Davy, the rough miner in the 
 stanneries of Cornwall, the still more rough del ver in the coaleries 
 of Cumberland ; all are his. The French economists have obliged 
 the world by originating, or at least systematising the subject ; 
 and Adam Smith has placed it in the broadest day. In Ger- 
 
 T But if the political economist in the closet be thus valuable, what 
 shall we say of him in the field ? Who is it that “ walks forth to meditate 
 over the expanse’’ of country, which till touched by his beneficent hand, 
 lay in barren sterility ? The industrious peasants, and the flourishing 
 tenantry will all spontaneously turn their faces in gratitude to the man- 
 sion of Ilolkam. If the dictum of Swift be true, that lie who causes 
 two blades of grass to grow, where only one grew before, is of more 
 value than all the politicians of the land, what must he the praise of him 
 who, unlike Prospero’s exhibition of the “ baseless fabric of a vision, 
 has thus placed beyond the reach of accident the solid foundation of a 
 country’s prosperity ? 
 
96 
 
 The Grace 
 
 in the erection of this building’. Such a statement 
 is indeed here given upon a small scale, but it will 
 
 many this study has been carried to almost a pedantic excess, 
 and one consequence is now in operation, as its knowledge has 
 not only made known, but caused to he resented, the scandalous 
 misconduct of their sovereigns aggravated by the basest ingra- 
 titude. The work of Piiter translated by Josiali Dornford, is 
 full of instructive matter on this head. But investigation is the 
 characteristic of the British constitution ; and it has been well 
 observed in the Edinburgh Review, that the government, or in 
 other words, the business of the state is done by the committees 
 of the house of commons. Yes— the people of Great Britain do 
 their own business, while in most other countries the interests 
 of the people are the very last things considered or consulted. 
 Burke has told us (hat the happiness of a people may be pros- 
 trated “ by the thunderbolt of despotism, or subverted by the 
 earthquake of popular commotion. 1 ’ May the ruin* anticipated 
 fi om the popular commotions of Germany now going on, crush 
 no persons, and be stained by no blood ! Investigation, which, 
 there compressed, is producing these terrible explosions, operates 
 with us as (he safety-valve of the political machine. The people, 
 of which the commons-house is the organ, doubtless may and do 
 commit errors, but they are their own errors, and in purity of 
 intentions they are safe or at. least may be trusted, for where, if 
 they be not trust-worthy, are we to look for those on whom we 
 can rely ? No statesman can with us hold his place who has not 
 the confidence of the nation. Our very bayonets think. The 
 grievance of taxation is certainly complained of, but we have 
 bought the world's supremacy by its imposition. Thus it is 
 that the first and (he freest people, (and the first because the 
 freest) as well as the most salient power in the world is precisely 
 the one which most largely contributes to the charges of the 
 slate. In enumerating the riches of old France, Mr. Burke asks, 
 
 whether a system which could have collected and retained' 
 such a flood of wealth, could have been radically bad ?” We need 
 not stop to answer so captious a question, but we may add his 
 
 » See Professor Goerree’ new work suppressed by the Prussian go- 
 vernment. 
 
LondonPvbU^hd 31 'l c Afay ljg y, fry O. Caw thoni^B/iJzs h Zibrayy, J frond. 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 9 ? 
 
 not (he less afford some certain data by which local 
 expenses may hereafter be fairly estimated ; and from 
 which deductions may be drawn of solid utility, as 
 well as matter furnished for retrospective views 
 and curious comparisons. 
 
 of particular parts and specification off [g 0 0 
 
 the work and materials required for the £ 
 Grace-Mausoleum at Arles, ... ...J 
 
 290 barrels of lime delivered at lOd. per? j2 j § 
 barrel — herring-gauge measure, ... y 
 
 1 16 loads of sand from Dublin-hill pits} 
 
 (distance 2 miles) delivered at lOd. per>- 4 16 8 
 
 load, 8 cwt. to the load, ... ...3 
 
 ried at 8 |d. per load— 9 cwt to the load J 
 
 Carriageof3321oadsof Skehenastone(dis- } . „ .. Q 
 lance 2| miles) to Aries at lOd. per load, 3 ^ 8 
 
 540 loads of Ballynegall rubble-stone,} 
 
 quarried and delivered (distance 4 of a > 9 0 0 
 
 mile) at 4d. per load, ... ... \ 
 
 observation, (hat a country might slid be full of resources, al- 
 ii 10 ' 1 ^ 1 it could not endure a comparison with the accumulated 
 and active capita! of Great Biifain. The amount of taxes is no 
 measure of a country’s welfare; that must be looked for in the 
 capacity to pay ; and what one realm might shake “ like a dew- 
 drop from the lion’s mane” may oppress another to destruction 
 or drive to revolution. Montesquieu has observed, that Rome 
 lost her liberty, because she paid no taxes. We at least need 
 entertain no fear of this kind, nor indeed does the philosopher 
 give us his reasons, though we may infer them. Tin key pays 
 no taxis, hut she has never had liberty to lose. The ways and 
 moans of the Turkish court consist in the purses and the beads 
 of the pachas. The pacha squeezes the governed committed to 
 his rapacity, and when in his turn he, is saturated and lit for 
 squeesing, the government makes an item of him in its budget. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Architectural working plans, drawings 
 
 332 loads of Skehena facing-stone, quar- 
 
 N 
 
98 
 
 The Grace 
 
 £. *. d 
 
 200 loads of serviceable rubble-stone from i 
 
 the walls of the old burial place now> 2 10 0 
 
 pulled down worth, 3 d. per load, ...3 
 
 90 square yards of Boley stone-flag 9 beO 
 tween 2 and 3 inches thick, for roofing > 5 5 0 
 
 and flooring, at Is. 2d. per yard, ... 3 
 
 Carriage of 90 yards of Boley stone-flags > 1 10 0 
 
 (distance 4 miles)toArles at 4 d. per yard, y 
 
 21 feet 8 inches of cut-stone door-jambs ^ 
 for the north and south end walls exe-f 
 cuted at Stradbally (distance 10 miles) £ 3 11 6 
 
 and delivered at 3 s. 3 d.’per running foot, 3 
 
 35 feet 6 inches of cut-stone for two } 
 
 gothic door heads (measurement and >428 
 half)delivered at 3 s. 3 d. per runningfoot, 3 
 
 12 feet of cut-stone for sills of 2 gothic > . 
 doors, delivered at 2s. 2d. per foot, ... y 
 
 17 feet 5 inches of cut-stone drapery heads } 
 or dabels for inscription and armorial f g ... Q 
 tablets over the 2 gothic doors, delivered^ 
 at 3 s. 3 d. per runningfoot, ... ...j 
 
 12 .feet of cut-stone for 2 gothic spike-} 
 holes to ventilate lower or burial vault, > 16 0 
 
 delivered at 2s. 2d. per foot, ... 3 
 
 2 cut-stone gothic quatrefoil windows in^ 
 
 gable ends, (viz. north and south') tof ^ g 3 
 light upper or monumental chamber, £ 
 delivered at £1 14 s. lgd. each, ...3 
 
 21 feet 8 inches of cut stone window-^ 
 jambs of blank windows, on the eastf 3 ^ 
 and west flanks, delivered at 3 s. 3 d. perf* 
 running foot, ... ... ...3 
 
 15 feet of cut-stone for two gothic win-} 
 
 dow heads (measurement and half) de-> 2 8 8 
 
 livered at 3 s. 3 d. per runningfoot, 
 
 7 feet of cut-stone for stools of 2 blank 
 gothic windows on flanks, delivered at 
 2s. 2d. per foot, 
 
 0 15 
 
 o 
 
Mausoleum , 
 
 99 
 
 £ 9. d. 
 
 73 feet 6 inches of cut-stone architrave 
 mouldings for 4 old mural monuments 
 of black marble, formerly inside Grace’s 
 chapel, and now on the east and west 
 exterior walls, executed at Carlow (dis- 
 tance 5 miles) and delivered at 2s. 6d. 
 per running foot, ... 
 
 Materials and labour in repairing and> 
 cleaning the four old marble monu-5 
 ments on exterior walls, ... 
 
 2 cut-stone gothic pinnacles, richly oma*. 
 mented with carved work 6 feet 8i 
 inches high, terminating the ridge - } 
 course over the north and south gable-) 
 ends, executed at Kilkenny, ... J 
 
 A cut-stone inscription tablet 3 feet 4 
 inches square with a semi-recta mould- 
 . jng or architrave over north entrance, 
 
 Lettering inscription tablet with 122 Greek 
 and English capitals, at 2d. per letter, 
 
 Lettering do. with 549small English atlf ) 
 
 per letter. .. ... „.i 
 
 1 
 
 cut-stone'armorial tablet 3 feet square 
 with quarterings, crests, &c. and a 
 semi-recta moulding over south en- 
 trance, 
 
 A model of arms in full size for stone > 
 carver to work by, ... ...$ 
 
 Carriage of 2 pinnacles and 2 tablets from } 
 Kilkenny (distance 22 miles) to Arles, $ 
 
 Mason work, iron and lead in erecting) 
 pinnacles and tablets, ... £ 
 
 38 feet of punched-stone eave-course, 8 
 inches thick and 2 feet 8 inches deep, 
 executed at Stradbally (distance 10 
 miles) and delivered at 2s. 6d. per run- 
 ning foot, ... ... ... 
 
 ^939 
 
 - 2 12 6 
 -12 15 0 
 
 - 2 10 0 
 
 10 4 
 S 8 7\ 
 
 7 10 0 
 
 1 2 9 
 
 2 0 0 
 1 12 3r 
 
 4 15. 0- 
 
100 
 
 The Grace 
 
 3 6 6 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 4 large quoins or angular punched stones 1 
 
 of eave-course 8 feet, delivered at 2s- > 1 0 0 
 
 6d. per foot, ... ... •••3 
 
 19 feet of punched stone ridge -course 6 
 inches thick and 2 feet 3 inches wide, 
 delivered at 3s. 6d. per running foot,... > 
 
 The head mason and foreman for 14> jg g 
 weeks attendance, ... ••• S 
 
 Masons and stone cutters at 3s. per day 4 
 
 for 14 weeks, ... ••• ••• S 
 
 Labourers at Is. per day for 14 weeks 17 14 
 
 Smith’s work, iron and lead-Englishiron } 
 
 at 2s. per stone, Swedish at 4s. 4d. per > 12 18 11 z 
 stone, and old lead at 5d. per pound, > 
 
 Pointing outside walls, dressing and > 
 pointing stone roof, ... ... j 
 
 5 stone weight of Roman cement for} 
 
 pointing the joints of stone roof at 2s. V 0 10 
 per stone, ... ... •••3 
 
 Laying Boley-flags on floors of monu- 
 mental chamber and burial vault, and 
 constructing the stone steps down to 
 the latter— labour only, 
 
 33 yards offloatingand coating on walls of 
 monumental chamber markedin courses 
 in imitation of stone at 8d. per yard, 3 
 
 31 yards of do. do. on the gothic arched > j 3 3 
 
 ceiling of do. at Sd. per yard, ... $ 
 
 70 feet of stucco moulding 3 incliesbroad, 
 
 forming the gothic heads over thef j Q 
 square wall pieces in joints resembling! 
 stone fordo, at 6d. per foot. 
 
 81 
 
 5 
 
 3 10 0 
 
 0 
 
 4 0 0 
 
 1 2 0 
 
 77 1 feet of ditto moulding 4 inches^ 
 broad, forming the gothic ribs on the£ 
 arched ceiling of do. marked in the£ 
 same manner at 8d. per foot, ...) 
 
 Extra for eight long mitres on do. at 5s. ... 
 
 5 18 4 
 
 2 0 0 
 
Mausoleum. 101 
 
 £ s d. 
 
 Seven boss flowers 10 inches diameter at } 
 
 the intersections of rib-mouldings of > 1 10 4 
 do. at 4s. 4d. ... ... ...\ 
 
 Twelve corbel capitals 1 foot 6 inches 
 high of do. at 10 s. 
 
 60 yards of gray floating and coating on 
 walls and ceiling of burial vaultmarked 
 in courses resembling stone at lOd. per 
 yard, 
 
 2 10 0 
 
 Travelling ex pences, lodging and subsis-1 
 
 fence at Arles of the Dublin stucco > 5 0 0 
 
 plaisterer. ... ... . 3 
 
 Quarrying, delivering and dressing of> 4 15 q 
 cut-stone stillings for coffins, ... 3 
 
 Iron frame ^vork for hanging the gothic 
 
 doors executed in Dublin at 3£d. perr g >7 q 
 lb. with hinges, bolts and screws, andf 
 smith’s time in putting up do. ... ' 
 
 620 large water-headed nails for the out- } 
 
 side studding of the two doors, at Is, > 3 4 7 
 
 3d. per dozen, ... ... ...3 
 
 Two large spring and tumbler copper - } 0 
 warded box locks with six keys, ... 3 
 
 13 0 
 
 Miscellaneous expences, viz., two gothic 
 oak doors 8 feet 6 inches high, 3 feet 
 wide and 3 inches thick. Nails for do. 
 and for centres of both arches. Two 
 iron frames for quatrefoil windows, 
 leading and glazing do., and strong 
 wire work for the outside of do. Horse- 
 work , conveying scaffolding-timber, 
 linings, and centres of the two arches 
 from and to Gracefield, &c. at 2s. 6 d . 
 a-day for car, horse and man. 
 Ropes for scaffolding. Carpenters’ 
 work on gothic doors, centres of 
 arches, &c. at 2 s. 6 d. a-day. Mes- 
 sengers, refreshment to men, &c. ... 
 
 V22 
 
 13 10 
 
 £353 4 1 £ 
 
102 
 
 The Grace 
 
 All tlie ash and deal limber used in the progress of 
 the building; viz. the centres, planks, cross and 
 upright beams for the arches of both chambers ; the 
 boards and poles for scaffolding, &c. &c. were felled 
 in Gracefield woods, sawed up and prepared there, 
 and are not included in the foregoing account but if 
 
 * The prices given, it may be repeated, are here 
 preserved, as serving to shew the present rates of 
 labour and of materials ; and those who recol- 
 lect the value now attached to such notifica- 
 tions of the former times, will perhaps do more 
 than merely pardon their insertion. The earlier 
 appendices of Hume, the household book of the 
 Northumberland family by bishop Percy, the chapters 
 on such subjects in Dr. Henry’s history, and Grose’s 
 Military Antiquities, are all mines rich in this sort of 
 production. The magnificent economy of the “prince- 
 ly duke of Chandos” at Canons, in the reign of queen 
 Anne has been often mentioned, and always with ap- 
 probation. An ample MS. volume is still extant, in 
 which that system is laid down, and its application 
 marked out to every individual of an establishment 
 exceeding 150 persons. Of all these, the daily allow- 
 ances, the annual salaries, wages, all in fact that 
 can belong to a numerous and well regulated house- 
 hold are there to be found. The proceedings of a 
 weekly audit board that superintended the distribu- 
 tion both as to quantity and quality of every article 
 to every individual are also preserved. A minute 
 detail of the architectural expences attending the 
 re-erection of Canons-house, the most splendid resi- 
 dence at that period of any English subject, is likewise 
 given, together with the estimated value of each pic- 
 ture, of the MS. and printed books, of the gold 
 and silver plate, of the various curiosities and 
 articles of costly furniture, &c. &c. that it contained. 
 This unique volume is yet in the possession of the 
 marchioness of Buckingham, daughter and sole 
 heiress of the last duke. Its publication would con- 
 stitute a present to the world, very valuable to the 
 
M/m 
 
 Sir J.BeynoHs. 
 
 THOMAS PERCY, D.D. 
 
 Bp . of Dromore .178 2 . 
 
 Ibiblished Mayl s . l l818 , by T JlDnDX.GfJsTewport Stceet.Xong Acre . 
 
— 
 
Mausoleum. 
 
 103 
 
 even to these were also added the exterior and inte- 
 rior marblemonumentscontainingtheseveral preced- 
 
 publie, and highly honorable to its noble owner. 
 The political economist, would be among the first to 
 appreciate its utility, nor would the moral philo- 
 sopher fail to discern in its pages much curious 
 matter of reflexion, as bearing upon the history of 
 manners. It would at all events furnish a link be- 
 tween the present period and that in which the 
 Northumberland household book was compiled. — 
 As a precedent has been mentioned, the suggestion 
 of such a measure will at least be pardoned, though 
 it may not be acted upon. 
 
 See page T8, last line.— The present secretary of the court of ex- 
 chequer has ascertained that Mr. Cassan, an attorney of that court, 
 ceased to practice in Dublin before the year 1770: but whether this 
 professional gentleman, the son of the other professiosal gentleman 
 who attended king William’s army into this country, then retired to 
 his ancient family e.sta'e, or died in the middle of Dublin, does not appear. 
 
 It is, however certain that a similarity of name (and that similarity 
 merely conjectural ) constituted the amount of his descendant’s proof of 
 affinity to the Sheffield family in 18 1.5, since aCthat time Mr. Stephen 
 II. Cassan was, as already noticed, endeavouring to discover, to 
 use his own words, “ the surname and descent of Elizabeth I think 
 Sheffield, who married Stephen Cassan, Esquire.” Now, though the 
 one plain broad fact, that the 1st Michael Grace of Gracefield, did inhe- 
 rit, and did possess the undevised real estates of the last duke of Buck- 
 ingham, as his heir at law, must supersede all discussion; it may be 
 mentioned in illustration, that Sheffield Grace, (grandson of Magdalen 
 Sheffield of Mulgrave) who married the dowager viscountess Dillon, 
 (seep. Id.) died in the year 1084, towards the close of king Charles 
 the second’s reign, and therefore considerably previous to the coming 
 into Ireland of king William’s army, which Mr. S. H. Cassan stated in 
 1814 (Gent. Mag. vol. 84. p. 643) that his great grandfather attended 
 as a medical practitioner. The following account, or weight of proof is so 
 circumstantial,* strengthened by dates, and heightened by asseverations, 
 
 * Vid. scene between captain Absolute and Fag in A, 1. S. 1. of the 
 Rivals. 
 
104 
 
 Th° Grace 
 
 mg inscriptions, the gross amount of the whole, com- 
 prising every possible particular of expence, would 
 
 that it would be actually cruel, worse even than child-murder to con- 
 ceal it, though its existence has only just been pointed out to the writer. 
 How it was conceived, and by what sort of midwifery it was brought 
 into the world, as that world can know nothing — for very obvious 
 reasons— it is unnecessary to say any thing. In the Gent. Mag. of July 
 1810, p.3.5, he says, “ his lordship’s (the 1st earl of Mulgrave) eldest 
 44 son dying vita patris, the title went to his grandson Edmund, the 2d 
 “ earl, and the line of all the other sons failed, excepting one, who was 
 “ born 1006, and marrying 1630, had Joseph Sheffield, born 1032, 
 
 “ who married an heiress 1658, had Elizabeth, born 1050, who in 
 “ 1689 (.1st of William and Mary) married Stephen Cassan, Esquire, 
 44 of Maryborough, Queen’s county, who changed the name of his 
 “ antient family estate to Sheffield, &e.” All these very circum- 
 stantial particulars so boldly told in 1810, appear from the necessity of 
 searching after 44 the surname and descent of Elizabeth, I think Sheffield 
 44 who married Stephen Cassan Esquire,” to have been totally for- 
 gotten in 1815. It is also somewhat remarkable, that in this exact enu- 
 meration of dates, births and marriages, no Christian names, and no 
 female names at all, not even that of the heiress, occur. Surely where 
 the catalogue of sequency is thus complete in one respect, it is a great 
 pity, that it lias not been rendered quite so in the other by such an in- 
 troduction, for where the one occurs, the other must, or certainly 
 ought to have been. When the Pope demanded of the Venetians their 
 authority for claiming the, exclusive navigation of the Adriatic, the 
 reply was, “ that the grant was endorsed upon the charter by which 
 Charlemagne conferred upon the Popes their territorial dominions.” 
 Unhappily this most valuable document has been either lost or mis- 
 laid. We make no inferences, for it is a very unnecessary piece of 
 trouble to do, what every body can do for themselves. Again, it is a 
 rare instance of family felicity in a foreigner who attended as an 
 44 employe” an invading army, to find his antient family estate, ready 
 cut and dried in the conquered country. We read of an animal among 
 the sands of Libya, so very agile in his movements, in delving his way 
 under the surface, that travellers tell us, he seems rather to find his 
 way than to make it. Travellers may take large liberties abroad ; how 
 far they may go when at home, there may be some cynical sorts of 
 people anxious to learn, and it is good at least to have made a begining 
 in the reduction of the theory to practice by way of example. With 
 


Mausoleum. 
 
 105 
 
 still very little exceed £600. while it may with con- 
 fidence be asserted, on the authority of an eminent 
 
 respect to the assertion that “ the line of all the other sons failed, ex- 
 cepting one,” it may he simply said, that the proof of the existence of 
 that most fortunate one, who so luckily did survive to flourish as it 
 does in his descendant, is just as strong and of the same nature, as the 
 nan-existence of the other line, which by its sudden disappearance, has 
 thus kindly made way for our present aspirant. Yet, on the other 
 hand, it may with all diffidence be stated, that in the colleges of arms 
 both in England and Ireland, and that by the decree of my lord chan- 
 cellor Northington, it plainly appears, and is at any time proveable by 
 distinct reference, that this most accommodating line has been com- 
 pelled to retain its existence, doubtless for the very uncharitable pur- 
 pose of gainsaying the assertions of Mr. Stephen H. Cassan. By that 
 very decree it will be seen, that the 1st Michael Grace of Gracefield, 
 teas the great grandson and eo-heir of Magdallen Sheffield, who was 
 herself the grand aunt and sole heir of Edmund Sheffield, the last duke 
 pf Buckingham. It may be added also, that she was the only surviving 
 sister of Edmuhd, 2d carl of Mulgrave (whose son John, the 3d earl, 
 was created duke of Buckingham, &c.) and the daughter of the hon. sir 
 John Sheffield, K. B. who was drowned while, crossing the river Humber 
 in the month of December, A. D. 1614. His elder brother Charles 
 died unmarried in his father’s life-time. Of sir John Sheffield who 
 perished thus untimely, Edmund the 1st earl of Mulgrave, K.G. and 
 lord president of the north, was the father ; and from the lady above 
 mentioned at the early period thus stated (nearly a century before the 
 arrival of Stephen Cassan, Esquire, with king William’s army) the 
 family of Grace derived that right by which they eventually inherited 
 the whole of the late duke of Buckingham’s undevised real estates No 
 7 at a11 ac( l uainted with the course of descent under our laws, will 
 after the statement of even this single fact, be able for one moment to 
 doubt how the matter stands ; for in the face of such a fact any claim 
 advanced as this has been, must be recognised, to use the gentlest 
 phrase, as a very singular attempt at a very singular sort of pretension. 
 
 But it may be further stated, that although the devised real estates 
 did under the Duke’s Will take the direction there prescribed, hisomis-’ 
 sion to specifically mention some other parts of his landed property 
 gave that to the Grace family, as already noticed. A similar omission 
 with regard to various royalties, manorial rights, and advowsous, mua 
 
 O 
 
106 
 
 The Grace , i fc. 
 
 architect, that a similar under taking could not be 
 completed in England for even double that sum. 
 
 likewise have given to the same heirs at law the possession of them, but 
 that the neglect on their parts to claim them together with several 
 houses and a small estate in and near the city of York, until a period so 
 long had elapsed, that it was found upon consulting the English crown 
 lawyers of the time by the late Richard Grace of Southville, M. P. to be 
 barred by the statute of limitation, restricting the bringing of even a writ 
 of right after the lapse of sixty years. After all, however, more importance 
 has perhaps been given here to the conjecture of Mr, Stephen H. Cassan 
 than it can or could possibly deserve. But as the snow-ball gathers as 
 it goes, and as we are told of fame, allied to the dreams which issue 
 through the ivory door, as stated by Virgil, that she “ vires acquirit 
 eundo,” this notice has been taken of the thing, in order as already 
 observed, to arrest it at its very commencement ; for it has been shewn 
 that the proojs brought forward and placarded in every periodical 
 work, are as nothing, and would serve equally well to prove an affinity 
 to the house of Otliman as well as to that of Sheffield. “ Sed ohe jam 
 satis est,” for enough has surely been said to publicly and distinctly 
 settle for ever the whole matter. 
 
 In p. 56. 1. 25, -for cohors, read cohorti, 
 
For further particulars, as to Mr. Stephen H. Cassatt, 
 now it seems in Holy Orders, and curate of Frome in 
 Somersetshire, the inquisitive reader is referred to a very 
 curious trial which took place at Taunton Spring Assizes, 
 in the year 1821, before Mr. Justice Burrough and a Spe- 
 cial Jury, a full report of which was soon afterwards printed 
 and published by Richard Cruttwell, at Bath. It was an 
 action brought by said Stephen H. Cassan, complaining of 
 the Rev. John Ireland, for having called him, said Stephen 
 H. Cassan, an infamous villain, and having stated that he, 
 said Stephen H. Cassan, was guilty of forgery and fabri- 
 cation. 
 
 Mr. Ireland by his plea admitted his having used the ex- 
 pressions so imputed to him, but alleged that it was lawful 
 for him so to do, inasmuch as he, said Stephen H. Cassan, 
 was an infamous villain, and he, said Stephen H. Cassan, 
 Was guilty of forgery and fabrication. The special jury it 
 seems disregarding the high descent of the Rev. Plaintiff, 
 though so firmly founded on magazine paragraphs, gave a 
 verdict for Mr. Ireland, the defendant, thereby establishing 
 that, in their opinion at least, said Stephen H. Cassan, the 
 Rev. Plaintiff, was an &c. &c. &c. 
 
 But notwithstanding the display of forensic ingenuity 
 respecting the authenticity of certain letters in the forego- 
 ing trial, the writer believes and affirms and contends in 
 defiance of all legal subtlety in disproof thereof, that he is 
 at this moment in actual possession of a genuine letter of 
 recent date from said Stephen H. Cassan; for, besides 
 professing to come from him, said Stephen H. Cassan, and 
 being addressed to the writer, it bears the strongest internal 
 evidence of authenticity — the tone and language are pre- 
 cisely such as might be expected, and must naturally 
 proceed, from a person capable of deliberately making the 
 assertions and asseverations cited in the preceding notes. 
 
DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING THE PLATES IN THE 
 
 SURVEY OF THE GRACE-MAUSOLEUM. 
 
 Page 
 
 Arms of Sheffield Grace, to fol- 
 low dedication 
 
 Map of the Queen’s County (on 
 
 a guard) 7 
 
 Grace-Mausoleum (lithography) 11 
 
 Arles Church 12 
 
 Edmund and John Sheffield, 1 
 and 2 Lords Sheffield . . .16 
 
 Edmund Sheffield, 1 Earl of Mul- 
 grave 16 
 
 John and Edmund Sheffield, 1 
 and 2 Dukes of Bucks, &c. . 16 
 Sir William Grace, Bart. . . 19 
 
 Arms of Sir William and Percy 
 
 Grace . 19 
 
 Borris House 19 
 
 Arms of the Earl of Ormonde and 
 
 Ossory . 19 
 
 Alicia (Grace) Kavanagh . . 20 
 
 St. Mary’s College, Winchester 20 
 St. Mary’s Hall, Oxford ... 20 
 Gracefield Lodge, S.E. view (li- 
 thography) 22 
 
 Gracefield Antiquities, plates 1 
 
 and 2 22 
 
 Oliver Grace, M.P. (1708) . . 26 
 
 Elizabeth (Bryan) Viscountess 
 Mountgarret 26 
 
 Mary (Galway) Grace ... 28 
 Pinnacle of Grace-Mausoleum . 29 
 Oliver Grace (1781) .... 32 
 
 John Dowell Grace (1811) . .32 
 
 Oliver John Dowell Grace . . 32 
 
 Frances (Nagle) Grace ... 32 
 Arms of Michael Grace (1712) . 33 
 
 Edmund Campion 39 
 
 Interior of Grace-Mausoleum (li- 
 thography) 41 
 
 Arms of Michael Grace (1767) . 43 
 Michael Grace (1785) .... 43 
 
 Page 
 
 Horace ........ 45 
 
 Edmund Malone 47 
 
 Sheffield Grace (1746) ... 52 
 
 Raymond Grace (1763) ... 52 
 
 Virgil 54 
 
 Michael Grace (1760) without 
 
 back-ground 55 
 
 William Grace (1777) ... 56 
 
 Mary (Harford) Grace ... 56 
 
 John Grace (1789) .... 56 
 Arms of Jane Brooke .... 57 
 
 Castle Freke 57 
 
 Arms of Lord Carbery ... 57 
 
 George III 58 
 
 Edmund Waller 62 
 
 Eaton Hall and Stowe House . 66 
 
 Charles Fox 67 
 
 Sir Thomas More 70 
 
 Edward VI 71 
 
 Bishop of Marseilles . . . ' . 71 
 
 Charles V 72 
 
 Lincoln and Winchester Cathed 8 73 
 Sheffield Gr&ce, F.S.A. ... 75 
 Greek verses MeXos 'Iwavvov ll- 
 
 fiwvos &c 75 
 
 Epitaph on John Dowell Grace 77 
 Epitaphs on Richard Grace of 
 Boley, and Jane (Evans) Grace 78 
 Catharine (Darnley) Duchess of 
 
 Bucks 84 
 
 Richard Grace, M. P. (1801) 
 without back-ground ... 85 
 
 Scipio 85 
 
 Greek verses E is Tlartya &c. . 88 
 
 Jane (Evans) Grace .... 89 
 Napoleon Buonaparte ... 92 
 Montesquieu 97 
 
 Thomas Percy, Bp. of Dromore 102 
 Edmund Lord Sheffield, Presi- 
 dent of the North, &c. . .105 
 
 Additional Illustrations. 
 
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 fiUTY CENTER LIBRARY