POi.'JKEI' COMPAT^IO'^ d^icril^ingwliaie'vei'js’K.eniaiikjiblfi ^ lFOJE.A'^Tl. ITHIN ^5MilEsRoxt1|1i Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/ambulatororpockeOOscat OR, A POCKET COMPANION IN A TOUR ROUND LONDON, Within the Circuit of Twenty-five Miles : DESCRIBING Whatever is moft remarkable for Antiquity, Grandeur, Elegance, or Rttral Beauty : INCLUDING NEW CATALOGUES OF PICTURES ; And illuftrated by HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL OBSERVATIONS ; To which are prefixed, A Concife Defcription of the Metropolis, AND A MAP OF THE COUNTRY DESCRIBED. Si te grata qifies Dele£lat : fi te pulvis firepitufque rotarum, Si liedii: caupona ! Ferentinum ire jubcbo* Horat. New fcenes arife, nev/ landfcapes ftrike the eye, And all the enliven'd couiUiy beautify. Thomson. THE ninth edition, AUGMENTED AND IMPROVED. Hendon ; Printed by T. Gillct* Saliibury-Square/ FOR J. SCATCHERD, AVE MARIA-LANE^ 1800 . entered at ^fitationeriS ^alL THE J. PAUL GETTY library PREFACE O N the utility of a work of this nature it is fcarcely ne^* ceffary to expatiate. No part of the kingdom, per- haps, can prefent more attra6live fcenes than the environs of London; in which the man of leifure may find amufe- ment, and the man of bufinefs the mod agreeable relaxation. With refpedl, indeed, to rural fcenery, the country, de- fcribed in the following Tour, does not exhibit Nature in her morefublime and ftupendous views t it prefents no lofty mountains crowned with perennial fnows, no vaft e'xtent of uncultivated wilds, no tremendous cataradls, no won- derful expanfe of waters; but rural elegance and rural beauty appear in their moft fafeinating forms. Royal pa- laces, magnificent feats, and elegant villas interfperfed, af- ford inexhauftible gratifications for curiofity; in foine, the fined collediion of paintings, ineftimable antiques, vene- rable decorations of ancient fplendour, or all the exquifite embellifhments of modern tade. Here, extenlive proipedts charm the eye with undefcribable variety : there, the land- fcape, lefs extenfive, invites the penfive mind to contempla- tion ; or the creative powers of Art exhibit an Eljlium, where Nature once appeared in her ruded tbrm. To affift the inhabitants of the Metro[)oiis, or its occa- fionai vilitors, in the choice of their excuriions, is apiin- cipal object of this publication ; to be an entertaining com- panion in theie excin lions is another. With this view, the Editor' has net oiiiy defenbed whatever he loiind cm ions in the works of Aature or of Art, but where, any place lias been didinguiihed by fome raeinorabie circuniiiance, he has, not forgotten how much the incidental recoileCtion of ^ it may improve the fources of converlation, nor what plea- fure a well cultivated niind may derive from contemplating the favourite retreats of the benefactors and ornaments of mankind; where the datefman mufed, in foiitude, on the welfare of his country, or meditated on the inftability of fublunary grandeur; where the philoiopher enriched the age with his fublime difeovenes ; or the poet “ informed the page with mafic, image, lentiment, and thought;” A 2 where IV PKEFACE. where a Richard Cromwell preferred the fcenes of inno- cence and peace to all the glory of guilty greatnefs ; w here a Lyttletoii received the firfi convictions of religious truth ; or an Addifon exemplified, in a happy death, the pleafures and importance of a virtuous life. It is natural to view fuchfcenes v/ith a degree of enthuhafm, and to conhder the ground we tread as almoil facred. The fiu6tuatIons of property, as was expedled, have ren- dered many alterations indifpenfable in the prefent edition of this work. Of thefe, the Editor has endeavoured to procure the rnoft accurate information. Befide all the cor- rections to the prefent day, the additions and improvements have been fo numerous, that this ninth edition may be al- moft coniidered as a new work; and the Editor flatters himfelf, that in none of the articles will fuch information he fought for in vam, as can reafonabiy be expedled in a work, profelfedly intended as a Pocket Companion. it would be ungrateful not to acknowledge the liberality and urbanity with which the Nobility and Crentry permitted free and unlimitted accefs to their feveral feats within the limits of the Ambulator — and the Editor cannot but len- libly exprefs the greateft obligation of His Grace the Duke of Devonsh ire, for permiffion to defcribe the Angular beau- ties of Chifwick Houfe, which have been fo confiderably enhanced by means of their Graces* recent improvements. He alfo feels him highly honored by the many communi- cations he has already received ; and will conflder himlelf more obliged to the Readers of the Ambulator, if they will be fo good as to note any alterations, &c. within their knowledge, and favor him with the refult of their enquiries^ diredled to him at Mr. Scatcherd’s, Bookfeller, Ave- Maria^Eane. AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY. The prefent Proprietors and Occupiers of the Seats men«^ tioned in this Work. A. ^BDY, Mrs. 26 - Abercorn, Marquis of, 3S Ackland, Mr. 31 Aggatt, Mr. 28 Aguelar, Abraham, Efq. 236 Allanfon, Mrs. 187, 212 Allen, Alexander, Efq. 155 Amherft, Lord, 156, 187 Anderfon, Sir J. W. 155 Andrews, William, Efq. 53 Angell, Mr. 122 Angeritein, John Julius, Efq. 251 Anfpach, Margrave of, 43 Antrobus, Philip, Efq. 54 Apreece, Sir T. H. 70 Archer, Lady, 103 Arden, SirR P. 106 Arrnftrong, Edmund, Efq. 80 Armftrong, James, Efq. ziz Arnold, George, Efq. 102 Afton, Sir Will ughby, 204 Aubert, Alexander, Efq, 123 Auckland, Lord, 34 Aurrere, George, Efq. 55 Auftin, Mr. 137 Aynfeomb, Mifs, 158 Ayfeough, G. M. Efq, 167 B. Bacon John, Efq. 32 Baker, William, Efq. 117 Baker, Samuel, Efq. iiy Baker, John. Efq 149 Baldwin, Chnftoph'er, Efq. 65 Banks, Sir Jofeph, 195 Barclay, George, Efq. 42, 97 Barchard, Mr. 226 Barker, Lady, 172 Barlow, Francis, Efq. 155 Barnard, Frederick, Efq, 76 Barnes, Richard, Efq. 182 Baroneau, Frances, Efq. 161 Barrett, Bryant, Efq. 197 Barwell, Smych, Efq. 203 Earwick, James, Efq. 224 Barwis, Jackfon, Efq. 119 Baynes, William, Efq. 113 Beachcrofr, Samuel, Efq. 71 Beauclerk, Lady Diana, 184 Beaulieu, Earl, 74 Bedford, Duke of, 59, Benfield, Paul, Efq. 230 Bennett, Rev. Mr. 209 Benyon, Richard, Efq. 86 Berkeley, Eari of, 69 Berry, Mifs M. and A. 212 Bertie, Lady Robert, 187 Belborough, Earl of, 187 Bethel, Chriftopner, Efq. 74 Bine, James., Efq. 170 Bitch, Mrs. 151. Blackburne, John, Efq. 48 Biacketr, Sir Edward, 209 Black more, Mr. 117 Blackwood, Mis. 58 Blair, Mr.' 102 Blencowe, H. P. Efq. 208 Blkke, Charles, Efq. 148. 216 Bodham, R. H. Efq.t 80 Bodle, Robert, Efq. 59 Boehm, Mn 203 Bond, John, Efq. 155# A 3 Bonnell^ ALPHABETICAL LIST OF Bonnell, James, Efq. 250 Boone, Charles, Efq. 149 JBofanquct, Mr. 47 Bofanquec^ Samuel, Efq. 152 Bofcawen, Hon. Mrs. 185 Bofton, Lord, 116 Bouchier, Charles, Efq. 190 Boulton, Henry, Efq 149. Bowles, Mrs, 190 Bowles, William, Efq. 136 Bowles, George, Efq. 227 Bowyer, Sir William, 73 Boyd, Sir John, 71 Boyd, Walter, Efq. 178 Bracey, Major, 175 Bradley, Jofeph, Efq. 103 Branfill, Mr 222 BralTey, Nathaniel, Efq. 152 Bray, Counfellor, 236 Briltol, Countefs Dowager of, 236 Brown, Capt. 27, 203 Brown, Major, 290 Brownlow, Lord, 159 Browning, Rev. Dr. 197 Bruhl, Count, 113 Buccleugh, Duke of, 39, 184,202 Buckingham, Marquis of, 231 Buckinghamfhire, Earl of, 103,153 Bucknall, J. A. Efq. 114. Bucknall, Hon. W. 170 Burges, Sir John Smith, 115 Burgh, Mr. 231 Burgoyne, Montague, Efq. 149 Burke, Rt. Hon. Edmund, 49 Burrell, Lady, 73 Bulb, Richard, Efq. 225 Button, Zachariah, Efq. 36 By de, Thomas Hope, Efq. 230 Byng, George, Efq. 252. C. Cadogan, Dr. ^5 Callaway, Mr. 80 Calverr, N. Efq. 120 Calvert, Richard, Efq. 39 Cambridge, R. O. Efq. 212 Camden, Earl, 50, 235# Camelford, Lady, 45. Cameron, Donald, Efq. 215 Campbell, Lord Frederick, 68 Campbell, Col. 233 Canterbury, Abp. of, 65, 145 Carew, Richard Gee, Efq. 34 Carter, Mifs, 230 Carter, Mr. 203 Caftell, Samuel, Efq. 236 Cafwell, T. Efq. 230 Cator, John, Efq. 34 Cavendiih, Lord Frederick, 213 Chabe, Marquis De, 30 Chalmers, Rev. Dr. 53 Chamberlayne, George, Efq. 49 Chandos, Duchefsof, 80, 195 Chauncy, Mrs. 85 Chefterfield, Earl of, 29, 106 Chetwynd, Hon. Mrs 103 Child, Lady Sarah, 170 Child, Robert, Efq. 252 Church, Mr. 177 Clarence, Duke of, 49, 14S Clarendon, Earl of, 96. Clarke, Richard, Efq. 58 Clarke, Rev. Mr. 121 Clay, Mrs. 152 Clayton, Sir Robert, 153 Clayton, Samuel, Efq. 48, 80 Cleves, Mr. 124 Clive, Lady, 124 Coke, Lady Mary, 55 "Colborne, Mrs 124 Cole, Thomas, Efq. 103 Combe, Mr. Alderman, 1 1 5 Conolly, Lady Anne, 212 Conyers, John, Efq. 69 Cooke, Mr. 113 Cornwall, John, Efq. ilS Cornwall, Mrs. 54 CorfcHis, Caefar,Efq. 251 Cotton, Mr. 106 Cotton, John, Efq. 232 Coulfon, Mrs. 231 Cowper, Ear^, 67 Cowper, Henry, Efq. 103 Cranmer, James, Efq. 155 Crawley^ Mrs. 2 70 Cremorne, Vifcount, 55 Crickitc, C. A. Efq. 4^ Crook, Mr. 49. Crofbie, General. 203 Crofier, Mr. 203 Crutchley, Jeremiah, Efq, 203 Currie, Mrs. 225 Currie, John, Efq. 230 Currie, TH15 nobility and GENTBY^ Carrie, Ifaac, Efq. 12 1 Currie, William, Efq. 119 Carrie, Mark, Efc] 86 Curtis, William, El'q. 119, 195 D. Dacre, Lord, 149 Dacre, Lady Dowager, 36 Darner, Hon. Mrs. 202 Daniel, James, Efq. 187 D’Aranda, Mrs. 177 Darell, Sir Lionel, 184 Dartmouth, Earl of, 30 Dafhwood, Sir Henry, 66, 250 Darkin, Capt. 39 Darnley, Earl of, 67 Davidfon, Duncan, Efq. 73 St. David’s, Bifhop of, 103 Dehany, Philip, Efq. 116 Dennis, Mr. 233 Dennifon, Jofeph, Efq. 73 Dent, John, Efq. 65, 170 Derby, Earl of, 167 DeValangiii, Dr. 123 De Vifme, Philip, Efq. 226 De Vifme, Gerard, Efq. 236 Devonfliire, Duke of, 61 Dick, Sir John, 187 Dorrington, Mr. 79 Porfet, Duke of, 137 Dorville, Mr. 185 Dougla-^, William, Efq. 103 Douglas, William, Efq. 204 Douglas, Lady, 103 Down, Richard, Efq. 32 Drake, William, Efq. 189 Drummond, John, Efq. 36 Drummond, A. B. Efq. 177 Duane, Mrs. 214 Duckenfield, Sir Nathaniel, 122 Dundas, Rt.Hon. Henry, 236 Dundas, Mr. 183 Dupre, Mrs. 235 Durand, J. H. Efq. 53 Dyke, Sir John Dixon, 152. i68 Dyfart, Karl of, 104. E. Eade, Jonathan, Efq. r6o Earner, Sir John, 178 Eardley, Lord, 37 Egerton, Col. 203 Eggers, Henry, Efq. 250 Elibank, Lord, 204 Elwes, Mrs. 208 Emmett, Richard, Efq. 1 17 Erlkine, Hon. Thomas, 106 Efdaile, Mr. 223 EfieXjEarl of, 53, 3 35 EfTex, Lady, 113 Evelyn, Sir Frederic, 252 F. Fane, Francis, Efq. 168 Farnaby, John, Efq. 234 FalTett, Thomas, Efq. 136 Finch, Lady Augufta, 113 Finch, Ladies, 323 Filher, Cuthberr, Efq. 77 Fitzgerald, Lord Henry, 207 Fitzherbett, Mrs, 153 Fitzherbert, Thomas, Efq. 188, 192 Firzwilliam, Vifeount, 184 Fletcher, Sir Henry, 225 Forbes, Gen. 103 F('rbes, James, Efq. 195 Ford, Randal, Efq. 232 Fox, Rt. Hon. Charles James, 57 Fraine, Captain Jofeph, 115 Francis, Philip, Efq. 190 Franks, Mr. 158 Franks, William, Efq. 80 Frederick, Sir John, 225 Frilby, Robert, Efq. 53 Fryar, John. Efq 204 Fuhr, Edward, Efq. 136 Fullarton, Colonel, 187 Fuller, Mr. 149 G. Gardiner, Henry, Efq. 22S Garland, Mrs. 103 Garrick, Mrs. 1 12 Gafeoyne,- Bamber, Efq. 30 Geary, Sir William, 42, 176 Gibbons, Sir William, 196 Glennie, George, Efq. 46 Gloucefter, Duke of 69, 1 12 Giyn, Sir George, 84 Goddard^ ALPHABETICAL LIST OP Goddard, John, Efq. 225,250 Godfrey, David, Efq. 122 Godfrey, Ambrofe, Efq 170 Godfrey, William, Efq. 46 Godfall, Philip, Efq. 99 Goodwyn, Henry, Efq. 9c, 226 G' fiing, William, Efq, 188 Goftling, George, Eiq. 233 Gott, Sir Henry Thoma:-., 54 Gower, Sutherland, Earl, 236 Grantham, Lady, 1.77 Grant, James, Efq. 54. Graves, Mr. 155 Gray, Edward, Efq. 119 G:een, Sir William, T14 Grenville, Lord, 45 Griffiths, Henry, Efq. 34, 75 Grimffone, Vifeount, 88 Gundry, Mr. 195 Gwydir, Lord, 34 H. Hahn, Frederick, Efq. 226 Hales, Sir John, 176 Hnmmerfley, Mrs. 250 Hammett, Sir Benjamin, 175 Hamond, W. P. Efq. 102 Hamond, Sir A. S. 85 Han key, Mrs. 84 Harcourt, General, 151 Hardlnge, George, Efq. 178, 21 3 Hardwicke, Earl of, 210 Harence, Benjamin, Efq. 84, 224,1^50 Harrington, Earl of, 46 Hanifon, Benjamin, Efq. 149 Harvey, Sir R. B. 14S EJarvey, Eliab, Efq. 59 Harwood, William, Elq. 113 Hatch, James, Efq. 30 Hatton, Lady, 113 Heath, Mr. Juiiice, 151 Heathcoie, William, Efq. 152 Heathcote, Lady, 166 Heaton, John, Efq. 115 Elerning, George, Efq. 196 Henniker, Sir John, 198 Herfchel, Di. 193 Hervey, xMrs. 80 Hibbert, Thomas, Efq. 53 Hoare, Henry, Efq. 155 Hoare, Henry Hugh, Efq. 73 ^ Koare, Lady, 31 Hoare, Jonathan, Efq. 160 Hodges, Jcrerniah, Efq. 225 Hodgfon, General, 16 1 Hook, Major, 103 Ho'den, Mrs. 153 / Holland^ Loid, 118 Hoilingfworth, William, E(q. 2O9 Hollis, Thomas Brand, Efq, 120 Hooper, Mr. 27 Hotham, Mr. Baron, 20 Hothapn, Sir Richard, 155. Howard, Sir G. 197 Howard, Richard Bagot, Efq. 28. Kowe, Loid, 1 76 Huddlefto.ne, John, Efq 75 Hugford, Mrs. I20 Hughes, A.:miral Sir Richard, 198 Hughes, Lady, 152 Huife, Richard, Efq. 39 Hume, Sir Abraham, 252 Hunter, John, Efq. 87 Hulfey, Capt. 53 J- James, Rice, Efq. 250 James, Lady, 79, 175 James, Thomas, Ffq. 80 Jenkinfon, M.. 155 Jervoife, Jervoife Clerke, Efq. Il6 Jev/dwine, Mr 81 Inchiquin, Earl of, 203 Johnfon, Rev. Mr. 177 Johnfon, Richard, Efq. 12-8 Johnfon, Godfchall, Efq. 234 Jones, Rev. Mr. 54 Jones, xMr. 182 Jones, Richard, Efq. 234 Tones, [. Efq. 234 Irby, Mr. 148 Ilherwood, Elenry, Efq. 250 K. Keene, Whitffied, Efq. 183 Kenwoithy, Mrs. 76. 8i, Keppell, C untefs, 189 Keppel, Mr . 62, 122, 250 Kerr, A R E q. 323 King, Lord, 168 Kings- THE NOBILITY AND OENTRY. Kingfoorougb, Lady, Kingfton, Jofeph, Efq. 32 Kutzieben, Baron, 159, L. Ladbroke, Mifs, 86 Lade, Sir John, 53 Lake, Sir J. W.77 Lafcelles, General, 77 Latham, Mr. 39 Laurel, Mr. 42 Law, James, Efq. 44, 50 Lawfon, Mifs, 120 Leake, WilTum, Efq. 230 Lee, Mr 21 1 Leeds, Duke of, 155 Leiccfter, Earl of, 1S4 Lei tfom, Dr. 97. Lewen, Mr, a 12 Leycefter, Rev, Mr, 234 Ligoniei , Earl, 66 Lintail, Thomas, Efq, 136 Liverpool, Earl of, ai Lock, William, Efq 165 London, Bifhop oL S5 Long, Sir James Tylney, 227 Loiifdale, Ear] of, 144 Loughborough, Lord, 106, 250 Lovibond, Mr. 75 Ludby, Thomas, Efq. 53 Lufhington, William, Efq. 50 Luther, Mrs 99 Lynd, George, Efq 203 M. Manners, Sir William, 175 Maningham, John, Efq. 209 Mansfield, Earl of, 128 Marlborough, Duke of, 191 Mafon, Kender, Efq. 54 Matthias, Thomas, Efq. 77 Mathew, Job, Efq. 250 Mawbey, Sir Joieph, 42 May, Mr. 2 12 Melbourne, Lord, 45 Mellifh, Mrs. 48 Mendlp, Lord, 267, 212 Mcyrick, James, Efq. 177, 236 Milles, Mr. 176 MUlman, Dr, 85 MoUefon, William, Efq. 15I Molloy, Charles, Efq. 54 Moore, Lady, 204 Moore, Peter, Efq. 209 Morley, William, Efq. 89 Morgan, Sjr Charles, 77 Moftyn, Thomas, Efq. 103 Moxton, Mr. 223 Murray, Ladies, ziz Mufgrave, Sir John, 124 Myine, Rob. Efq. 164 N. Neave, Sir Richard, 71 Newnham, Nathaniel, Efq. tOX Korchey, William, Efq, 8i Northampton, Count Dow. of, Korthumbifland, Duke of| 19X O. 0 65 Thornton, Henry, Efq. j Thurlow, Lord, 137 Tibbald, James, Efq. 203 Tooke, John Horne, Efq. 236 Tower, Chriftopher, Efq. 195. Townlhend, Lord John, 177 Townfliend, Rt, Hon. Charles, 38 Trccothick, James, Efq. 21 Turton, Dr. 44 Twycrofs, Mr. 59 Tynte, Mr. 225 Tyrconnel, pari of, 6^ V. Vere, fames, Efq. 137. Vincent, Sir Francis, 198 U. Udny, Robert, fefq. 204 W. Wake, Sir William, 224 Wales, Princefs of, 54 Waldcgrave, Counsefs Dow. 159 Walker, Ifaac, Efq. 195 Walker, Thomas, Efq. 71, iiS Walker, William, Efq. 102 Waller, Edmund, Efq. 102 Wallinger, Mr. 113 Walpok, Hon. Richard, 71 Waliingham, Lord, 250 Walter, John, Efq. 204 Wap: Ott, Mr. 209 Ward, Jonn, Efq- 231 Ward, H. T Efq. 156, 235 Warner, Simeon, Efq. 178 Warren, Sir George, 135, 137 Warwick, Earl of, 122 Watfon, Brooke, Efq. 190 Way, Benjamin, Efq. 73 Way, Mrs. 1S3 Weatherftone, Dalhouhe, Efq. 149 Webber, William, Efq. 90 Webber, Col. 212, 252 Webfter, John, Efq. 226 Welles, John, Efq. 45 Wefton, Mr. 57 Wefton, Henry, Efq. 119 Whately, Rev. J teph, 165 Whitaker, Mifs, 152 Wigflon, John, Efq. 2 12 Wilkinfon, Mr. 202 Willis, Mrs. 32 Wilfon, General SirT. S. 55, 106 Wiifon,, William, Efq. 202 Winchefter, Bp. of, 54 Wood, Thomas, Efq of Ealing, 77 Wood, Thos. Efq. of Littleton, 1 52 Woiiley, Sir Richard, 46 Wright, J[ohn, Efq, 168 Wright, Sir James, 251 Wright, Thomas, Efq. 684. Wroughton, William, Efq. 32 Wyatt, Richard, Efq, II9 Wyatt, Mr. 209 Wynne, Lady, 204 y. York, Duke of, 167 Yorke, Hon. John, 203 Young, Sir William, 124, 222 Young, Lady, 49, 323 ERRATA. Page 27, lin« 5, dele Efq# “ 30, — 7, for Tyron read Tryon. — “ 54, — 11, for Molboy read Molloy. — 103, -—25 from bottom, for Pigow read PigOU. — 22, for Mortyn read Moftyn. — 106, — 3, ybr Pilgram Pilgrim. — 1 17, — 22, after BalTs Park read the feat of Lord Johr Town/hend. ^S 9 > Beuclerk read Beauclerk. A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE METROPOLIS. ORIGIN AND EXTENT. L ondon was certainly a confiderable, opulent, and commercial city in the reign of the Emperor Nero. It is reprefented as fuch by Tacitus ; and Ammianus Marcellinus, who wrote in the reign of Julian the Apodate, calls it “ veturunn oppidiim, an an*. dent city.” Its Roman names v/ere Londinum, or Londinium, and Augufta*. The firft is hill retained in its modern appellation; the laif is the favourite of the poets. Thus Congreve { Rife, fair Augufta, lift thy head ; With golden towers thy front adorn : Thy lovely form, and freflirreviving hate, In cryftal hood of Thames furvey. This metropolis of Great Britain, one of the larged and mod opulent in the world, conhlis of the cities of London and Wdfmin- her, and the borough of Southwark. The two former are fituated on a gentle afcent on the north fide of the Thames j the latter is feated on the oppoiite bank, in a level, and once very mardiy ground. The extent of the whole, from Limehoufe and Deptford to Mil- bank and Vauxhaii, is above feven miles j but the greateft breadth is only three miles. The curious reader, who would contrad the ancient date of London with its pj efent great extent, may find amufement, by confulting Fkz-Stephen’s account of it, in the reign of Henry II. ; the plan of London as it exifted in the time of Q^een Elizabeth ; and Mr. Pennanfs Account of London,” Of this wonderful contraft fome idea may be formed, from an anecdote of the Earl of Burlington ; When tliat Nobleman was alked, why he built his hoiife in Piccadilly, far out of he anfwered, “ becaufe he was determined he would have no building beyond him.” Little more than half a century has fo inclofed Bur- lington Houfe with new dreets, that it is now in the heart of that part of the town. ^ Auguda vzas a name given to feventy cities in the Roma/j pro- vinces, in honour of Augudus, Hende London, as the capital of the Trinobantes, in Britain, was called Auguda Trinobantina. B CPVERN- LON BOX. GOVERNMENT. London, confjdei’ed in this extenfive view, ns the Metropo- lis, con lilts of the City, properiy lb called ; the city of Vvelt- ininfljsr j the fubuibs in the county of Middlefex j dnd the borongh of Southwark. The City, with Southwaik, is divided into twenty-fix wards, each governed by an Aideiman. From the Aldermen, the chief inagillrate, the Loid Mayor, is annually chofen. There are like- wife 236 Common-Council-men, who fit in one court with the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, and thus form, as it were, the city pailia- nient, which enacts the bye-laws and regulations of the corpora- tion. There is likewifea Recorder, a Common Stijeant, two Si^e- riifs (who are alfo Sheriffs of Middlefex), a Chamberlain, Town CLrk, City Remembrancer, Water Bailiff, Common Hunt, and many inferior Ollicers. Westminster, which was once a mile from London, but now united to it, is a diftin 61 city, the government of which, both civil and eccleliaftical, was once veiled in the Abbot and Convent df Wellminfter; but, fmce ihe Reformation, in the Dean and Chapter, the civil part being by them committed to laymen. Of thdt the High Steward, who is generally a Nobleman of rank, has an Under Steward, who ofiiciates for him, and is ccinmoidy Chairman of the Quarter Seflions. Next to the High Steward is the High Bailiff, chofen alfo by the Dean and Chapter. His power refembles that of a Sheriff 5 for by him juries are fummoned, and he makes the re- turn at the eleblion of Members of Parllainent. The Suburbs are under the jiirifdiclron of the Magiflrates of Middlefex, who, befide their County Hall, on Cierkenweli Green, Lave an office in Bow-flreei, long diltingmfhed for public ipirit and a6iivity. But as there were other JuTlices of the Peace who de- giaded the dignity of Magilhacy, by inollituting it to mercenary views, an a6l of Parliament paifed in 1792, by which icven other public offices were eilablilhed, behde tliat in Bow-llreet^. Three Niagiiliates officiate at each of the^'e : and, to deprive them of all temptation to ccrrupt praclices, they are prohibited from taking any fees, in lieu of which they have each an annual falary of 400I. The fees of office, which are paid as ufual, are appropriated to de- fray the expellees of thelenew eilabiifhments. Southwark was long independent of the city of London j but, in confequence of the inconveniences arifmg by the efcape of male- iaclors from the great capital into this place, Edward ill. granted it to the city, in confideration of the annual payment of loi. It was then called the village of Southwark : it was afterwards named the bailiwick, and the corporation of London appointed the Bailiff. ^ Thefe offices are in Q^een- Square, Weftminfterj Great Marl- borough-ftreet j Hatton - ftre^t j Worihip-ftreet, Shoreditch ; Lam- beth ftreet, Whitechapel j High-ftreet, Sh*advvdl j and Union- flreet, Southwark. In LONDON, 5 III tlie reigu of Edward VI. it was formed Into a twenty-fixtli ward, by the Name of Bridge Ward Without. On the death of the Alderman of this ward, he is fiicceedcd by the next in feniority, to whichever ward he may belong j this ward being confidered as a fmecure, and, coniequently, the molt proper for “ The Father of the City.’’ The City has likewife a Higli Bailiff and Steward here* CFIURCHES. To begin with the publicdmildln^rs of the metropolis, the Ca- thedral of St, Pauli as th.e molt conrpiciious, claims our drft atten- tion. This noble fabrick is 3,292 ieet in circumference, and 340 in height to the top of the crols. In the magnificence of exterior nrchite6ture, it is inferior to none in Europe, excejit St. Peter’s at Rome. The infide of this church will one day be diliinguil'hed for a magnificence unknown to our anceflors, and even to the pre- fent ag’e: it is now deitined to be the receptacle of the monuments of fuch illuftrious men as have done honour to their country by their talents and their virtues. T wo are already placed in it , the fil'd, for the g-eat philanthropic Mr. Howard^ and the fecond for the celebrated Tr. Samuel Joivnfon, The Parliament, moreover, has fince voted monuments to be placed in this Temple of the Bri-. tifli Worthies^ to the memory of thofe gallant ofricers, Ear! Howe, Lord Rodney, Captain Robert Faulknor, and General Thomas Dundas, &rc. Westminster Abbey, the collegiate church of St. Peter, is a noble fpecimen of Gothic architev;tiii'e. It is faid to lia've been founded by Sebert, King of the Eail Saxons, in the year 610. Having been ddlroyed by the Danes, i" was rcbuiit by Edwarvi the ConfeObr, in 5066. An abbey,” fays Mr. Pennant, “ is nothing without relics. Here were to he found the veil, and fome of the milk of the Virgin, the bladebone of St. Benedi6f, the finger of St. Alphage, the head of St. Maxilla, and half the jaw-bone of St. Anadafia.” Henry III. pulled down the Saxon pile, and beg:in to build the prefent magnideent Rruclure in 1245. The great work was carried on (lowly by fucceeding princes ; but it can hardly be faid to have been dnilhed before the time of Sir Chriflopher Wb'cn^ who built the two towers at the weft end. This church is 360 feet in length within the walls, at the nave it Is 7a broad, and at the crols 195. Here moft of our mcnarchs have been crowned, and many of them interred. It gives them crowms, and does their aflies keep ; There made like gods, like mortals th.ei'e they ilcep 5 Making the circle, of their reign complete, Thefe funs of empire, where they rile they fet* Waller* This ftruffure contains a great number of monuments of Kino-s, Statefmen, Heroes, Poets, and perlons dillinguirhed by genius, learning and Icience. The chapel of Henry VII, adjoinin'^-, Le- land call's The Wonder of the World.” Nothing, indeed, can B 2 be 4 LONDON’. be more folemn fhatt a folUary walk in this manfion of the lilnf- trloos dead ; nor can any thing be n^ore juil and beautiful than Mr. Addifon’s redeifHons on this fubjeft ; When I look upon the tombs of the great, every emotion of envy dies in me: when I read the epitaphs of the beautiful, every inordinate denre goes out j when I me-t with the grief of parents upon a tomb-llone, my heart melts with ccmpalTion: when I coniider the tombs of the parents themfelves, I confitler the vanity of grieving for thofe whom we mun" quickly follow : when I fee Kings lying by tliofe whodepofed them 5 when I conlider rival wits placed fide by fide, or the holy men that divided the world by their conteOs and difputes 5 I refie!^ with forrow and aftonifhment on the little competitions, fadions, and debates of mankind. When I read the feverai dates of the tombs, of fome that died yederday, and fome fix hundred years ago, I conhder that great day when we fliall all of us be contem- poraries: and make our appearance together.” St. Stephen Walbrook isafmall church, of exquifite beauty, •the mailer-piece of Sir Chriftopher Wren. Perhaps Italy itlclf can produce no modern building that can vie with this in tafte and proportion. There is not a beauty which the plan would adrrdt of, that is not to be found here in the greateft perfeclion ; and fo- reigners very judly call our talle in queftion, for underAanding the graces no better, and rdlowing it no higher degree of fame, Oyer the altar is a beautiful pii 51 ure of the martyrdom of St, Stephen, by Weft. . The chara<^er of the Saint is fully exprefled in his angelic countenance, refigned to his fate, and full of certain hope. Bow Church, in Cheapftde j St* Bride’s, in Fleet-ftreetj St, Dunftan’s in the Eaft, near the Tower ; and St. Martin’s in the Fields 5 are among the other churches moft diftingulflied for fine architedure. Other churches are dlftinguiflied for curious monu- ments j as, St. Andrew Onderdiafr, Leadenhall-ftreet. for that of of Stow the hiftorianj St. Helen, of Sir Thomas Grcfliam j St, Giles, Cripplegate, where Milton, Fox, the martyrologift, and Speed, the hirtorian, were buried. The pariih churches, in what are called the Bills of Mortality, amount to 146 j namely, 97 within the walls, 16 without the walls, 23 out parhhes in Middlefex and Surry, and 10 in the city and liberties of Weftminfter. Bdide thefe churches, that belonging to the Temple, one of our celebrated feats of law, merits particular atteniion- It was founded bv the Knights Templars in the reign of Henry II., upon the model of that of the Holy Sepulchre at Jei ufalem. The reader will find a full deferipiion of this chiuH:h, and its curious ancient monuments, in Mr, Pennant’s Account, Among the illullrious perfons of later d te, interred in this church, were the celebrated lawyer Plowden, Treafurer of the Temple in 1572 (of whom Cam- den fays, that in integrity he was fecond to none of his profeilion) and Selden, the beft fkilied of any man in the Englifh conftitution, and in the various branches of antiquity; but who, towar*d the^ clofe of his life, was fo convinced of the vanity of all human know- 5 LONDO:^* ledge, as to, fay, that the nth, 12th; 13th? Jtnd 14th verfes of the fecond chapter of the Epihle to Eiuis, aifoided him moie coofola- tion than all he had ever read. Sti Catharine, by the lower, is alfo weli woith inlpe6ling : the choir is very curious. There are lik^wil’e a great number ot chapels for the elfabliflied church, foreign proteifant churches, Roman catholic chapels, meet- ings for the diflemers of all periuafions, and three fynagogues for the Jews. PALACES AND PARKS. The magnificence of royalty is not to be found in the palaces of the metropolis. The palace of St. James was originally an hof- pltal for leprous females, dedicated to that Saint. It was furren- dered to Henry VIIL, who ere6led on its fite the prdent palace; of which it has been obferved, that, notwithifanding its mean exterior appearance, it is the molt commodious for the parade of royalty of any in Europe. He likewife laid out a large piece of ground ad- joining into a park, and formed a canal and walks, cailmg it, in conformity to the former name of the contiguous building, St. James’s Park. Charles II. enlarged and improved this fpot, adorning it with plantations of trees; but, a few years ago, it was rendered ilili more beautiful by the genius and tatte ot Biown, the diftinguiflied pupil of the illuftrioiis Kent, who, in the mod hap^py manner, adopted and improved the principles of gardening whicU were laid dovv^n by his predeceflbr. The beauty of this park is heiarhtened by being contiguous to another of iefs extent, called, “• The Green Park.” Here too, on the mod elevated part, is a fine piece of water, which is recruited every tide from the Thames, by the water-works at Chelfea ; and forms a refervoir for the fupply of the houfes in the neighbouring parts. In this park the Deputy Ranger, Lord William Gordon, has a neat lodge, furrounded by a dirubbery, which lias a pleafing rural ede6f, although fo near the houfes in Piccadilly. A fine afeent, called “ Conditution Hill,” from the falubrity of the air, leads to Hyde Park, another royal dcmelhe. This is adorned with a noble piece of water, called The Serpentine River,” and with diverfified plantations of va- rious kinds of trees, which, together with its elevated fituation, commanding extenfive views, render it a captivating feene. Hence it is the place of fafhionable morning refort, for the nobility and gentry, both ^in carriages and on horieback. Near the eaftern edge of this park is a fine bafin of water, fuppli/sd by the Chelfea water- works, from which the houfes in Groveinor-rquare, and its vicinity ^ are provided . The Queen’s Palace (lands in the mod favourable fituation that St. James’s Park could furnifh. It was ere6fed by John Shef- field, Duke of Buckingham, in 1703, and called Buckingham Houfe, until it was purchafed, in 1761, for the royal rdidence; when it acquired its prefent name. In 1775, Parliament fettled this houfe upon the Q^een, In cafe flie fnould furvive his Majelfy, in lieu, •63 of 6 LONDON. of Somerfet Houfe. Here is a fine colle6\Ion of prints, find a great variety of pi^ures by the molt eminent matters. Carlton House, the refidence of the Prince of Wales, the gardens extending to St. James’s Park, is a (lately building, on which va(t Turns have been expended. The Banqueting House, at Whitehall, was begun in 1619, from a defign by Inigo Jones.* It is only a hnali part of the va(t plan of a palace, intended to be worthy of the refidence of the Bri ifh Monarchs, but left incomplete, on account of the unhapi y times that followed. The ceiling of this noble room was pa'nted by Ru- bens, who had 3000I. for his work. The fubject is the Apotheofis of James I. It iorms nine compartments. One of the middle re- prefents our pacific monarch on his earthly throne, turning with horror from Mars and other difeordant deities, and giving himfelf up, as it were, to the amiable goddefs he had always adored, and to ker attendants, Commerce and the fine Arts. A few years ago, this ceiling underwent a repair by the mafterly hand of Cipriani. Little did James tliink, that he was creeling a pile, from which his Ton was to (lep from the throne to the fcafibld! The Banqueting Houfe has been long converted into a chapel j and George the firil granted a falary of 30I. a year to twelve Clergymen (fix from Ox- ford, and fix from Cambridge) who officiate a month each. Befide the Royal Palaces, there are many fine houTcs of the Princes of the Blood, and of the Nobility and Gentry. Of theie we (had only mention the mofi difiingiiifhed, namely, the Eaii of A’dborough’s, Stratford Place ; Earl B.ithurft’s, Hyde Park Corner j Lord Loughborough’s, Southampton Row, Bioomfbury ; the E ud of Cheftci field’s, Audley Street ; the late Duke of Cumberland’s, Pall Mall: the Duke of Devonfhire’s, and the Earl of Egremont’s, Piccadilly^ the Billiop of Ely’s, Dover Street j Foley HoiiTe, near Portland Place 5 the Dukeof Gloucefter’s, Upper Grovelhor Street^ Earl Harcourt’s, Caver.difli Square; the Marquis of Lanfdown’s, Berkeley Square; Manchelter Huuie, the Dukeof Manehefter’s, Manchefier Square; the Duke of Marlborough’s, Pall Mail ; Lord Melbourne’s, Whitehall; tl\e Duke of Norfolk’s, St. James’s Square; the Duke of Northumberiand’s, in the Sr rand ; Burlington Houfe, the Duke of Portland’s, Piccadiiiy; Earl Spencer’s, St* James’s Place; the Earl ot Uxbridge’s, Burlington Street; Lady Charlotte’s Wynne’s, St. James’s Square; the Duke of York’s, Piccadilly; Lord Grenviik’s, in the Green Park, &c. COURTS OF JUSTICE. Westminster Hall, now the feat of Parliament, and of the Courts of Lavv» Ifands on the fite of a Royal Palace built by Edward the ConfeiTor. The flairs to it on the river ftill retain the name of Palace Stairs ; and the two Palace Yards belonged alfo to this ex- * It is remarkable, that this great Archite6f, who was Surveyor of the Works, had only 8s. q-d. per diem, and 46!. per aim. for houfe rent, a ckrk; and incidental cx]>ence§. tenfivc LON » OS, f tenSve pile, ’Many parts of it exift to this clay, appropriated to Other ulesm^ Tne great hall was rebui t in its prelent form by Richard II,, who in i 399> kept his Chrlftrnas in it, with his cha- rafteriftical magnificence j the number of his guefts, each day^, bein:; lo^ooo. This great hall exceeds, in dimenfion, any in Eiw rope, which is notrupported by pillars. Its length is 270 feet ; the breadth 74. j and the height in proportion. Pai iiaments often fat in this Hail j and, in 1397, when it was very luinous Ricliard II,, built a temporary room for his Parliament, formed wuh wood> and covered with tiles^ It was open on all Tides, that the comtituents might lee and hear every thing that pafled ; and, iofecure frtedom of debate^ he funoimded the Hoiife by 40 o Chcfliise archers, with bows bent, and arrows notched, ready to fiioot. This fully an . fwered the intent; for every lacrifice was made to the royal plcafure. The Lords now meet in a room, hung with tapeftry, which records our vi^lory over the Spanifli Aimada; and the Commons affemble in a place,, wfrich was. once a chapel, built by King Stephen ; and dedicated to his namefake, the Protomartyr. Courts of Judice, even in early times, fat in this Hall, w'here our Sovereigns themfelves' once commonly prelided ; for which !eafbn> it was railed Cwia Domini Regis ; and one of the three cou ts now held here is called the Couit of King’s Bench. In this Ha i was held what was called “ The High Court of Juflice,” for the trial of the unfortunate Charles I. Here allb was can ied on the im- peachment againd the arbitrary Mini if er, Thomas Earl of Straff ord^ who had been once the %ealous patriot. Sir Thomas Wentworth. In mentioning this, Mr. Pennant relates an anecdote, to fhew the fmipliciry of one part of the mamitrs of the times. The Com- mons,” lays this entertaining writer, who had an incloled place for ihemrclves, at a certain hour pulled out of their pockets bread and chetie, and bottles of aie; and, after they had eat and drank, turned their backs from the king, and made water, much to the an- noyance of thole who happened to be below. His Lordlhip was brought into the Hall by eight o’clock in the morning.” This hail has lately been made famous by the long and tedious trial of War- ren Halfings, El'q. late Governor ofBeiigai ; a trial which incurred confiderable expence and vexation, without a iingle advantage being gained to the country. The Guildhall of the City, irtiiated at the end of King Street, Cheapfide, was built in the year 1431.*!' Its great Hall is J53 feet long, 50 broad, and 58 high ; in which are placed two tre- mendous wooden giants, the pi61ure3 of feverai of the Kings and Queens of England, with whole lengths of their prelent Majevies by * Mr. Pennant quotes, as his authority, the Letters of Provod Baillie of Scotland, 1641. f Before the year 1711, the Court-hall, or Bury, as it was cal- led, was held at Alderman’s Bury, fo denominated horn the meet- ing of the Aldermen. there. Ramfayj 8 LONDO?^. Ramfay, and tlie Judges -who diftinguiniecLthemfcU^es in deten'oin- * ing the differences between Landlords and Tenants, ormfebuilding the City, after the fire. Here is likewife a fine p 161 u re of the late Lord Chief Judice Pratt, afterwards Eari Camden: j a marble- whole-length liaiiie of Mr. Seckford, who was twice Lord Mayor; and a magnificent cenotaph, to the memory of the Eari of Chatham , both executed by Bacon. The front of this Hall has been lately rebuilt by Mr. Dance. In this Guildhall the Courts of King's Bench anff Common Pleas hold fittings at Nifi Prius ; the City ele6fions are alfo held, and all the bufinefs of the corporation tranf- a6Ied here. The Sessions House, in the old Bailey, in which the criminals both of London and Middiefex are tried, is a large modern ftru6lure. The County Hall for Middiefex was built by Mr. Rogers, on Clerkenwell Green, in 17S1. The front toward the Green is compofed of four columns, three quarters, of the Ionic order, and two piiafters, fupported by a ruftieated bafement. The county arms are placed in the tympanum of the pediment. Under the entab- lature are two medallions, reprefenting Jullice and Mercy. In the centre, is a medallion of his Majefty, decorated with fefioons of laurel and oak leaves ; and, at the extremities, are medallions of Roman fafees nnd f%vord, the embiems of Authority and Puni/h- ment. The execution of thefe defigns, was by themafterly hand of Nollekins. Doctors Commons, or the College of Civilians, is fituated to the fouth of St. Paul’s Cathedra). Here are held the Ecclefialf i- cai Courts, and the Court of Admiralty; but the trial of offences on the high Teas, under the jurifdi6lion of the latter, is commonly transferred to the Old Bailey, MILITARY AND NAVAL OFFICES. The Tower, to the eafi of London Bridge, is furrounded by a wall and ditch, which inclofc feveral ftreets, befide the building pro- perly called the Tower. Here are fome artillery; a magazine of imali arms for 60,000 men, ranged in beautiful order; ahorfe ar- moury, in which, are feen figures of our Kings on horfeback; and Hkewii'ethe crown and other regalia, the Mint, and the Menagerie. The circumference is about a mile. It contains one garrifon church, and is under the command of a Confiable and Lieutenant Governor. The Tower vj 3 .s a palace during 500 years ; but cealed to he fo on the acceffion of Q^een Elizabeth. The mofi: an- cient part, called the White Tower, was founded by William the Conqueror, in 1078. It is vulgarly attributed to Julius Ciefar ; and to this the poet thus alludes : Ye tow^ers of Julius, London’s lalllng fliame. With many a foul and midnight murder fed,^ * Henry VI. George Duke of Clarence, Edward V. his brotlier,&c. ■r ON DON. § Revere his confori’s faith, his fatlier’s fame,f x^nd fpare the meek ufurper's holy head.J Gray The Horse Guards, a Hglit and elegant fmn^nre, was rebuilt in 1754, at the expence of 30,000!. It ftaiids oppohte the Ban- queting Houfc, and contains apartments for tlie Officers and pri- vates of the Liffi Guards, a troop of which conltantly do duty here. The War Office is iji this place, and here courts martial for the Army are occafionally held. The Ordnance Office, for the Military department, is a handfome building in St. Margai ct’s Street, Weltminfler, The Admiralty, rebuilt in the late reign by Ripley, isa large flrufiure, the clumfniefs of which is veiled, in fome degree, by a handfome fcreen defjgned by Adam. Here the higher departments of the.bufinefs of the, Navy are tranfafted, and the Lords of the Admiralty have houfes. On the top of this building a telegraph is creeled, for the fpeedy communication of intelligence between Lon- don, Dover, Foiti’mouth, and Plymouth, &c. OFFICES COMMERCIAL AND FISCx\L. Royal Exchange, the refort of all the nations of the world, rlfes before^ us Vv^ith the full majelly of commerce. Whether vve confider the grandeur of the edifice, or the vail concerns tranf- within its wails, we are equally ftruck with its importance. The original hru^lurewas built, in 1557, by Sir Thomas Gjeffiam, one of the greateft merchants in the world, after the model of that of Antwerp, In 1570, (>ueen EHz^abeth went to the Bourfe, as it was then called, vifited every part, and then, by found of trumpet, proclaimed it the Royal Exchange. Being defiroyed by the great fire in j666, it vvas rebuilt, in its prefent form, for the City and the Company of Mercers, at the expence of 8o,oooL by Sir Chrittopher Wren, and was opened in 1669. In each of the principal fronts is a piazza, and in the centre an area. The height of the building ks 56 feet, and from the centre of the fouth fide rile a lantern and turret 17S feet high, on the top of which is a vane, in the form of agrafT- hopper, the creft of Sir Thomas GreOiam. The infide of the area, which ig 144 feet long, and 117 broad, isTourrounded by piazzas, forming walks, to fiielter the merchants in bad weather. Above the arches of thefe piazzas, is an entablature extending round, and a cornpafs pediment in the middle of each of the four fides. Under that on the north are the king’s arms, on the fouth thofe of the city, on the eafi thofe of Sir Thomas Grelham, and on the weft thofe of the Mercer’s C'ompany. In thefe intercoiumniations are 24. niches, 2ro of 'which are filled with the hatues of the Kinga and Queens of England, in the centre of the area is the Itatue of * Mai garet of Anjou, confort to Henry VI, f Henry V. % Henry VI. Charles LONDON. 10 Charles II., in a Roman habit, encompafild with iroii rails. This new hatue, by Bacon, was placed herein 1792, in the room of another of that King. In this area the merchants meet evuy ilay. Thefe merchants are difpofed in feparate ciafTes, each of which have their pai’ticular ftation, called thetr walk. The Bank of England, a magnificent ftrn£Iiire, is fitiiated in Threadneedle Street. The centre, and the building behind, were ereiSled in 1733. Before that time,- the bufinds was carried on in Grocer’s Hall. The front is a kind of veftibule; the bafe is nil- tic, and the ornamental columns above are Ionic, Within is a court leading to a fecond building, containing the hall, and other offices. Within a few years have been added tyvo wings of nneom- rnon elegance, defigned by the late Sir Robert Taylor. In addition to Sir Robert’s improvements, thofe by Mr. Soane, from the model of the Sybil’s Temple at Tivoli, render the Bank refpe6Iabie in its archite( 5 lure, and commodious for bufinefs. The CusTOsJi House, to the well of the Tower, is a large ir- regular ftru6lure of brick arid ftone, before vv'hich, fliips of 350 tons can lie, and dilcharge their cargoes. It was built in 1718, on the fite of a former Cuftom Houle, deftroyed by fire. In Mr. Pen- nant’s Account of London, are fome curious particulars of the prodiiae of the cuhoms at different times, from the year 1268 (when the half-year’s cuffoms, for foreign merchandife in London, came only to 75]. 6s. lod.) to the quarter ending April 5, 1789, when the produce for the year amounted to 3,711,126!. The Excise Office, in Broad Street, is a building of magni- ficent fimpHcity, ere6fed, in 1768, on the fue of Gi efham College. < The East India House, in Leadenhall Street, was built in 1726. A handfome front has lately been conlirucfled, 190 feet in length from eaft to well 5 the principal flory is plain funk rnltic, with five circular windows in each wing; the portico from a Gre- cian example: upon the centre of the pediment of the portico is a figure of Britannia, fhielded by his prefent Majefty George III. On either fide are emblematical figures in relief, and the whole is covered with handfome balluftrades. The new building contains all the offices neceffary for tranfa6ling the bufinefs of a commercial company. What would be the refle6lions of an old Roman, could he rife from the {lumber of ages, and revifit this ifland, which his compatriots then confidered as beyond the boundaries ot the world, and a voyage of difficulty and danger, ihould he behold this ftruc- ture, and be informed that it was the capital, as it were, of a repub- lic of commercial Sovereigns, who poffeiTed extenfive territories in diftant regions of the globe, maintained valf armies, engaged in bloody and expenfive wars, and now created, now dethroned, and now rehored the mighty chiefs of nations 1 — The fa6l would appear incredible. - The South Sea House is a noble building, with two fpacious rooms for tranfa , a N. W. branch of the Coin, This was once the Metropolis of Britain, and the refidence of Bri- ti(li Princes before the invalion of Julius Cxfar. It was then called Verulamium. When the Romans had achieved their conqueft,they added walls to the ordinary Britifh defence of earth, ramparts and ditches; and erecled Verulam city into a miinicipium, or city en- joying equal privileges with the Roman capital ; which fo attached the Britifh citizens to the Roman Government, that this place con- feqitently felt the vengeance of Queen Boadioea, who deftroyed 70,000 of them in the mod cruel manner. Suetonius Paulinus, the then Governor of Britain, in return for her barbarity, attacked her forces, gained a complete vi 61 ory, and put 80,00 to the fword* Verulam was then rebuilt, and its inhabitants enjoyed their privi- leges till the Dioclefian perfecution, A. D. 304, when the city was again rendered famous for the martyrdom of its citizen St. Alban. When the Saxons gained footing in Britain, Verulam was among their hrll conquefts, being by them denominated Weilamcefter and Watlingaceder, from the famous Roman caufeway on which it dands. Many vaft fragments of the Roman mafonry remain, and the area of the fiation, according to Dr. Stukeley’s meafurement, is 5200 feet in length, and 3000 in breadth. Atprefent it is inciofed in two fields ; but veftiges of the buildings ai'e dill to be traced, particularly at a place cUdlnguifhed by an immenfe fragment of the wall, called Gorhambury Block. After various revciutions, this vad city fell to decay ; and from its ruins rofe the prefent St. Al- ban’s. The latter town is fitiiated on a fpot of ground, fcrmerly a wood, named Holrnhurd, It received its greated p oiperity from the ST, ALBAn’s. fiately Abbey m honor of St. Alban, whofe relics where mlracu- loiifly difcovered by Oifa, King of Mercia, after his unprovoked murder of St .Ethelbert, King of the Eaft Angles, whom he had invited to his court to be his fon-in-lavv. From OiTa’s compunc- tion arofe this magnificent Abbey and Monaftery for Benedi6fine or black monks, whofe abbot was dignified with a mitre, and had precedence of all others in Engiandj who was fubje6f to no other power, but immediately to the popej and who had epifcopai jurlf- -di( 5 Eon over both clergy and laity, in all the pofieflions belonging to the monaftery.” Of this magnificent Abbey, however^ not a veftige is left, except the gateway, a large fquare building, with a fine fpacious pointed arch beneath ; the rapacity of Henry VIII. and the marauding induftry of his reforming commifiioners, foon levelled thefe magnificent buildings, except the abbey church, which, to the Lifting honor of the corporation and inhabitants, was refcued from impending deftru 61 :ion, and purchafed by them of Edward VI. for 400I. This venerable fabrick was then made parochial; and though, during the civil wars, it fuffered all the facriiegious plunder of Cromwell and his rebellious foldiers, ftill at the approach to the town, either from London, Dunilable, or Watford, St. Al- ban’s Abbey arrcfts the traveller’s attention, and he beholds with awe, a building fo ancient, and in fuch prefervation, as not to be equalled in Great Britain. The ftru6fure is cruciform ; 600 feet at the interfe6lion, the tran- fepts I So, the height of the tower 144 feet, of the body 65, and the breadth of the nave 217. Of a pile fo vaft, in which fo many difii- milar parts are united, it is impoftibie, in a work of this nature, to give an archite6liiral defcription. Hov^ever, whatever is ftriking it is our duty to preferve, as a ftimulus for more extenfive enquirers whofe refearches may lead them tofodefireablea fourceof info mation. The Saxon ftyie of archlte6Inre is preferved in many parts of the infide of the church ; but the greateft part has been rebuilt in the different ftyles of the times when repairs became neceflary ; the obje6fs for the ingenuity of the artifts in and about this place are many and various ; and had it not been for the Oiiverian devafta- tions abovementioned, the monuments and braffes v/ould have been a fund of amufement for the antiquary ; but, alas, only one of the brafs monuments has efcaped the general wreck. This is a hand- fome plate, 10 feet by 4, of Abbot de la Mare, who lived in the reign of Edward III. This Abbot, in his robes, curioufty engraved, with appropriate ornaments, affords a capital fpecimen oFfculpture; in that reign, and forms a vaft idea of the grandeur and magnifi- cence which might have been expe 61 ed in this celebrated ftru^fure. , Facing the entrance of the fouth door is the monument of Hum- phry, brother to king Henry V. commonly diftinguilhed by the title of the Good Duke of Gloucefter. It is adorned with a ducal coro- net, and the aims of France and England quartered. In niches on one fide are feventeen Kings ; but in the niches on the other fide there are no ftatues remaining. Before this monument is a ftrong iron grating to prevent the images with which it is adorned from being ST. alban's. , 23 ijelng defaced. The iiirciiptionj in Latin, alludes to the pretended miraculous cure of a blind man dete6fed by the Duke, and may- be thus tranflated ; Sacred to the mefnory of the hed of men* Interred within this confeciated ground. Lies he whom Henry his prote6lor found ; Good Humphry, Giollef’’s Duke, who well could fpy Fraud couch’d within the blind impoftor’s eye. His country’s light, the date’s rever'd fupport. Who peace and rihng learning deign’d to court j Whence his rich library, at Oxford plac’d, Her ample fchools with facred influence grac’d 5 Yet fell beneath an envious woman’s wile, Both to herfelf, her King, and country, vile ; Who fcarce allow’d his bones this foot of land • Yet fpite of envy fnall his glory hand. In the chancel is the vault, difcovered in 1703, at which time the body was intire, and in flrong pickle, the pickle, however, is now dried up, the fiefli waited away, and nothing remains of this great and good Prince but his mere bones. Lnmediately on the left hand is a raifed done covered with black marble; oy the 5 erodes on the top, it is generally fuppofed to be one of the altar-flones with which the churcli formerly abounded. — * In the floor, on the left fide of the vedry-room door, are depoflted the remains of feveral of the Maynard family, forne of whom were titled Barons Udon, of Udon, in Eflex, On a board againd the wall is feme curious poetry to their memory. Tiie flirine of St. Alban dood on the ead part of the church, now the vedry : in the pavement are fix holes, wherein the lupporters of it were fixed i the following infeription is alfo dill to be feen ; St. Albanus Verolameniis, Anglorum Protomartyr, 17 Jimii 293* Near this place, between two pillars, is a recefs built of wood, called The watch room,” in which the monks attended to re- ceive the donations of numerous devotees, as well as to guard the riches of the dtrine. Beneath this building are depofited Ibme an- tiquities, and two done coffins with their lids, one of which was -Found near the pillar, in the great aide, on which is inferibed an account of Sir John Mandeville,* the greated traveller of his time. Here the archdeacon holds his court, being feparated from the * Sir John MandeviUe, a learned phyfician, and great traveller, fpent 34 years in viewing the mod remarkable places of the world, infomueb, that he was grown out of the knowledge of his friends, Ke wrote an itinerary through Africa, and the ead and north parts of Ada, countries then leatt known to the Englifh ; yet it was not fo much yaliied in his own country as it was in foreign parts, be- caufe there were many drange things which have been thought ina. credible. He was born at St. Alban’s, enjoyed a fair elfate, and dying in 1372, was buried at Liege, part ST. ALBAN S. 24 part appropriated for public worfliip by a beautiful (lone ikrcm richly carved ; on the north of this (kreer. is the (lately monument ©f Abbot Ramrydge, v^ho was defied in 14.96. The fi onts are of mod delicate, open Gothic work, with niches above for (tatues j and in many parts are cai-ved two rams, with the word ridge on their collars, in allufon to the Abbot’s name. This magnificent piece of Iculpture, as well as the high altar, is very much admired. Near is the tomb of the liberal \Vheathamftead, who was twice Abbot, and died in 1460. On the oppofite fide, juft before tfte door, are the remains of a brafs plate on a ftcne, In the floor, of the valiant Abbot Frederick,* next heir to the crown after Canute. Clofe by the laft mentioned monument is a brafs plate to the memory of Sir Anthony Grey, of Groby, knighted by Hen. VI. at Colney; but flain next day, near the caftle, at the firft battle of St. Alban’s, 1455. Cuthberi’s fkreen is ftili (landing, and breaks the view in the long aide. Near the weft door, on the wall, is a Latin infeription, fetting forth, that during the peftilence in London, in the reigns of Hen. VIII, and Flizabeth,. the courts of Juftice were held in this abbey. In this ancient edifice is a monument of Offa, who is reprefented feated on his throne, with a Latin inicription, thus tranftated : The (bunder of the church, about the year 793, \Vhoo) you behold ill painted on his throne Sublime, was once for Mercian Offa known. * This great man made the boldeft ftand againft William the Conqueror. The deciiive battle of Haftings was over, Harold was killed in it, and no head made againft his i'ubduing the whole iftand; and he came on, by flow marches, to take pofli.fTion ratlier than to fubdue by force. Having palled JiVie Thames at Wallingford, he refted at Berkhamfted, where Abbot Frederic ftopped him, by cut- ting down trees, and throwing them in the invader’s way. By this tlelay the Abbot gained time to convene the nobility of the country at St. A-lban’s, to coniuk about fome effort to drive the Normans back, and free the coun<:ry from the yoke VN/hich threatened. They, however, found that any attempts to this purpofe wei e vain j and therefore contented themfelves with the Conqueror’s oath, “ To govern them according to the laws of Edward the CorifeiTor 5” and upon this they fwore fealty to him. The Abbot’s refblute anfwer to William is remarkable : Being aiked by him, “ why he felled the trees to impede his progrels ?” boldly replied, that he had done no more than his dutyj and if all the clergy in the realm had done the fame, they might have ftop- ped his progrefs.” This produced a menace from King William, “ that he w’oiild cut their power (horter, and begin with ifim.*’ He accordingly deprived the abbey of fome of its poft'eftions j but did not make general havock of the church till Frederic’s death. Pro- bably the Abbot’s bravery charmed him into a better humour, 01* he ftood in awe of the heroic I'pirit of a man of fuch confequencej and avoided going to extremities with him. ST. ALEAK S. 25 Hot the leaft reftlge remains of OfFa’s magnificent ahbey, except the chui'ch, and the gateway, a large fquare building. A nunder> was the true Iburce of Offa’s Ruinificence : he invited Etbelbert, Prince of the Ealt Angles, to his court, on pretence of marrying him to his daughter, beheaded him, and feized his dominions. The pious Offa had recourfe to the ufual expiation of murder in thofe me- lancholy ages, the founding of a monaltery. To the I'outh of St. Stephen’s church are the remains of the •church and houfe of St. Julian, foiuidtd for lazers by Gaufiidus, Abbot of St. Alban’s. In the church of St. Michael is the moniimpnt of the illuilj ious Vifcount St. Alban (more commonly, but erroneoufly, hyled Lord Bacon) wiiofe effigy is in alabafter, with a Latin infcriptio , by Sir Henry Wotton, of which the following is a tranAation ; Francis Bacon, Baron of Verulam, Vifcount St. Alban’s, or, by more conlpicuous titles, of fciences the light, of eloquence the law, fat thus: who, after all natural wifdom and I'ccrets of civil life he had unfolded, Nature’s law iuiii'.led, ‘ Let compounds be difibivedl in the year gf our Lord 1626, ot his age 66. Of iudi a man, that the memory might remain, Thomas Meautys, living his attendant, dead his admirer, placed this monument. This panegyric, as it refpecls the literary charabler only of this great man, will be univerlally allowed j and the gratitude of the faithful old fervant, thus extended beyond the grave, will be ever pleating to a virtuous mind : but we mu If here lubjoin two poetical chiraders of this pbilofopher, as awful lelTons of inifrudion to all who comemplate fplendid talents, without adverting to the fuperior fplendourof moral excellence. If parts allure thee, think how Bacon fnin’d Th<^ wifdlt, brightcif, nieanelf of mankind, POPE, Thine is a Bacon, haplefs in bis choice. Unfit to if and the civil fforra of hare, And through the rude barbarity of courts. With firm, but pliant virtue, forward Ifiil To urge his courfe ; him for the Ifudious ffiade Kind Nature form’d j deep, comprehenfive, clear, Exadf, and elegant ; in one rich foul, Pla‘o, the Stagyrite, and Tully join’d. The great deliverer he ! who, from the gloom Of c.outer'd monks, and jargon- teaching fchools, Led foi th the true Philofophy, there long Heid in the magic chain of words and forms, And definitions void , he led her forth, Daughter of Heaven ! that, flow- afcending ftlll, Invelfigating fure, the chain of things, With radiant finger points to Heaven again. THOMSON. la QQ a h B In the centre of St. Alhan's hood one of the magnificent crofTes, creRed by E(iward I. in honour of his Q^cen Eleanor, A buijding was ere.6led in its ftead, in 1703, which retains the name of “ The Crofs.” On the river is a curious mill, erc6led for the piirpofe of pobfning diamonds, but now employed in the cotton manufactory of Meffrs. Gill and Maxey. On its banks alfo is Holywell Hcufe, the feat of Coimtefs Dowager Spencer, built by Sarah, Diichefs of Marlbo- rough, who here founded nine almflioufes for thirty-fix perfons. In Holywell Hoiife is preferved the portrait of the Duchefs, in white, exqulfitely handfome. In this," obferves Mr. Pennant, are not the lead: veiliges of her diabolical paflions, the torments of her Q^een, her hiifband,and herfelf," — On afcending into the town, up Fi/hpool Street, is a bottom on the right, which was once a great pool. The Saxon Princes are fuppofed to have-taken great pleafure in navigating on this piece of water. Anchors have been found on the fpot } which occafioned poets to fable that the Thames oi-ce ran this way. Drayton, addrefling the river Ver, fays ; Thou faw’ft great burden'd (hips through thefe thy vallies pafs, Where now the (harp-edged feythe (hears up thy fpringing gsaf's 5 And where the feal and porpoile us’d to play, The grafsh®pper and ant now lord it all the da,y. Near the town is a Roman fortification, fuppofed to have been the camp of Odorlus, the Proprietor j the common people call it The Oylfer Hills," hut Mr. Pennant, who calls this bury or mount, Olferhill, conjeClures it to have been the fite of the Saxon palace at Kingfbury. St. Alban's is famous for the viClory obtained In 14-55, Henry VI. by Richard Duke of York 5 the firlt battle fought in that famous quaiTel, whicli laded thirty years, and is computed to have cod the lives of eighty princes of the blood, and to have anni- hilated, alrnod entirely^ the ancient nobility of Etsg^and. In 1461, a fecond battle wa.vS fought here, in which Q^een Margaret defeated the great Earl of Warwick, The town is governed by a Mayor, Eligh Steward, Recorder, 3 2 Aldermen, &c. and fends t\^o Members to Parliament. It has given the titles of Vifeount, Earl, and Duke, to the families of Bacon, Jtrmyn, and Beaucleik, ALBINS, in the parilh of Stapleford Abbot, in EfTex, 16 miles from London, the feat of the late Rev. Thomas Abdy Abdy, and BOW pOiTeffd by his widow, is aferibed to Inigo Jones: ‘‘ but," fays Mr. Walpole, “ if he had any hand in it, it muft have been during his firft piofcfTion, and before he had feen any good build- ings." The houfe is handfome, has large rooms and rich ceilings, but all entirely of the King James’s Gothic." ALBURY HOUSE, in the parifh of Chefhunt, the feat of John Rufiell, Eifq. part of whofe garden is inclofed by a fragment of the wail which furrounded Theobalds Parki AMWELL, AMWELL. 27 AM WELL, a village near Ware, 21 miles from London, fa- mous for giving rife to the New River, which, proceeding in a di- re61 coiH'fe by the church, receives a fpring which Hows with great abundance. In this village are Amwell Bury, the villa of Captain Brown, Efq. and the hoid’e and gardens of Mr. Hooper. Thefe gar- dens were laid out by the late Mr. Scott, who has rendered the village interefting to the fen imental traveller, by a beautiful poem called Amwell.'” From his epiiile to a friend we extra61 a poetic dcfcription of the curious grotto which he conftru^ed at this place; Where China’s willow hangs Its foliage fair. And Po’s tali poplar waves its top in air. And the dark, maple fpreads its umbrage wide, And the Vv'hite bench adorns the bafon fidej At noon reclin’d, perhaps, he fits to view The bank’s neat flope, the water’s fiiver hue. Where, ’inidft thick oaks, the fubterraneous way To the arch’d grot admits a feeble ray; Where gloHy pebbles' pave the varied floors, And rough flint- walls are deck’d with fheils and ores, And filvery pearls, Ipread o’er the roofs on high, Glimmer like faint Itars in a tw^iliglit fky ; From noon’s fierce glare, perhaps, he pleas’d retires, Indulging miifings which the place infpires. Now where the airy octagon afeends, And wide the profpecl o’er the vale extends, ’Midft evening’s calm, intent perhaps he (lands. And looks o’er all that length ol fun -gilt lands. Of bright green paftures, flretch’d by rivers clear. And willow groves, or ofier iflands near.” BefiJes being the refidence of Mr. Scott, Amwell boafts of having had amongft its inhabitants Mr. Hoole, the tranflator of TafTo. Mr. Walton, the Angler; the feene of his Angler’s dialogues,” is the vale of Lee, between Tottenham and Ware ; he particularly mentions Amwell Hill. In the churchyard, is the following curious epitaph. That which a Being was, what is it ? fhow' ; That Being which it was, it is not now. To bevvhat ’tis, is not to be, you fee; That which now is not, fliall a Being be. Here alfo lies buried William Warner, author of Albion’s Eno*^ land, Argentile and Curan, &c, “ The delightful retreat in this neighbourhood, denominated Langley Bottom^ is adapted to contemplation ; and poHefles fuch ca- pabilities of improvement, that the genius of a Shenftone might eafily convert it to a fecond Leafowes. The tranfition from this folltude to Widbury-Hill, is made in a walk of a few minutes, and D~z the 28 A V £ the profpe6l from that lull, in a fine evening, is beautiful beyond defcriptlon,” ANKYJiWYK.E HOUSK, the that of Lady Klngfborougb, Is fituated i!i tlic p'-^rifn of Wraylbury, Bucks, on the fide of tiie Tiiames oppofne Runny Ivlead. It was formerly a Benedi61iiTe nunnery, btiilt in the reign of Henry II. ANKE.RWYKE FURNISH, delightfully iituated on Coopcr’^s Hill, in the parifn of Egham, Is the feat of Lord Shuldljam, during tite life of his Lady, the widow of Simon Harcourt, Efq. — Near it was the hoiife of Sir John Deiiham, the bard of Cooper’s Hill j but not a trace of it remains, ASCOT HEATH, fix miles from Wind fur, oJ^ the road to Bag- fhot, is a celebrated race ground, on which the King's plate of loo guineas is annually run for, and many other plates and fwetp- {fakes, that ufuaily confHtute li'/c days fport. Thefe races cum- fnence a fortnight after Whitiuntide, and are frequently attended by the Royal Family. Near the coiirfe is the lodge for his Majeffy’s huiitfmen, where the royal (lag-hounds are kept. This fine heath is thus noticed by an ingenious poet : As my devious cou rfe I (leer. Fancy, in fairy vidon clear, Bids, to beguile my ’tranced eyesj Pall joys in fweet iVicceffion rife: Refrelliing airs (he bids me breathe Where, Afcot, thine endianting heath., Impregnated with mild perfume^ Bares its broad boibm’s purple bloomy Gives me to view the fplendid crowd. The high-born racer neighing loud. The manag’d deeds that fide by fide Precede the glittering chariot’s pride. Within whofe filken coverture Some peerlefs Beauty fits (ecure. And, fatal to the foul’s repofe. Around her thrilling glances throws; ASCOT PLACE, on the fite of Afcot Heath, near Winkfield, is a modern w'ell-built edifice, ere6l^d by the late Andrew Linde- green, Efq. and in the poflefTion of Mr. Aggatt. ASHFORD, a village near Staines, in Middlefex, in wliirh is the feat of Mr. Shaw. On Afhford Common are frequent reviews, ohiefiy of cavalry. ASHTED, a village 2 i| miles beyond Epfbm, in which Is the handfome feat and Park of Richard Bagot Howard, Efq. brother to Lord Bagot, who took the name of Howard, alter his marriage with 'the Hon, Mils Howard, filler of Henry the twelfth Earl of SufLdk. AVELEY, a pleafant village in Elfex, near Purfleet^comprifes the BAN *29 the Manors of Alveley, Bel^ouse, Bretts, andBuMPSTED. Alveley church Hands in the middle ot the viiiage, and is a pecuii* ally clean and neat liru^iure. It belonged to the Convent ot Caen in Normandy, afterwards to that of Lefnes. Henry Vlll. gave it to Cardinal Wolfey towards his collegiate foundations j hut upon his difgrace, it was again granted to the Dean and Chapter of St. PaiiPs, London. Tliere are feveral handfome monuments ere6fed to the memory of the Dacre family. In the viiiage Lord Newburgh, in 1639, built a lofty almfhoufe of brick, for 12 families j on the front was in- fcribed, Domum Dei 1639, See Belbouje. B. "OAGNIGGE WELLS, a noted place of public entertainment, lituated in the parilh of Pancras, in the valley between theNew- River-Head, and the Foundling Hofpital, was formerly the refidence of Mrs. Eleanor Gwyn, one of King Charles’s m'ilfrefles, of whom here is a bull. It was opened about the year 1767, in confequence of thedifcovery of two fprings of mineral water j the one chalybeate, the other cathartic. BAILEYS, between Slough and Salt Hill, is a neat mcdern edifice, the refidence of the Earl of Cheiferhcld. The approach to it is by an avenue of Hateiy iirs. BxYNCROF F’s beautitul Aimnioiifes, School, and Chapel, on the N. lide of the Mile>end road, in the pariPn of Stepney, were ereffed in 1735, fuant to the will of Francis Bancroft, who be- queathed 2S000I. for purchahng a lite, and erecfing and endowing the building j a not uncommon expedient this, to compound with Heaven for a life of rapine and extortion. This man was one of the Lord Mayor’s oihccrs, and, as he rofe to be I'enior officer, often fold out, and became “ Y^oung Man,” receiving a gratuity from each for the fake of feniorityj and living to be old, he got a con- fiderable fiim of money by this pra6Hce, by informations, and fum- nioniug the citizens before the Lord Mayor, upon the moft trifling occafions. The almfhoufes are for 24. poor old men, who were allowed by the founders will Si. per ann. and coals j but the improvements in the eifate have allowed the peniions to be augmented to i8i. per ann. The fchool-room is for 100 boys, with dweliing-houfes for two mailers. The boys, who are appointed by the Draper’s com- pany, are cl )thed, and taught reading, writing, and accounts. They are admitted between the age of 7 and 10, and luffered to re- jTjain till 1 5, when they are allowed by the will 4I. for an apprentice fee, or 2I. los. to fit them for fer vice. * In the founder’s will (which, as well as the rules and orders for the penfloners and boys, are in print) is the following linguiar claufe: My body I delire may be embalmed within fix days after my death, and my entrails to be put into a leaden box, and iucioiul D 3 in 30 B A E This {lru6lure occupies three Tides of a Tpaclous quadrangle. On the N. Tide are the chapel, the ichool, and the dwelling-houTes for the mailers } the former having a handfome done portico of the Ionic order. On the E. and W. Tides are the habitations of the penTioners. BANSTED, a village between Dorking and Croydon. Lady Tyron’s Park here was farnous for walnuts, and there are abun- dance of them (till 5 but her Ladydiip has ordered many of the trees to be cut down. Banded is much more celebrated for its downs, one of the mod delightful fpots in England, on account of the plea- fant feats, the profpe6f on both Tides of the Thames ; and the fnenefs of the turf, covered with a Oiort grafs, intermixed with thyme, and other fragrant herbs, that render the mutton of this tra( 5 f, though fmall, remarkable for its fweetnefs ; but the plough has made Tuch encroachments upon it, that the padures and flocks are greatly di- minifiied. Dyer, defcribing the fituation mod proper for fheep, fays ; Such are the downs of Banded, edgM with woods And towery villas. On thefe downs is a four-mile courfe for horfe-races, which is Biuch frequented. See Ihe Oaks. BARKING, a market town in Edex, 7 miles from London, cn the river Roding, and a creek on the Thames, had once a magnifi- cent nunnery,, founded in 675. It dood on the N. fide of the church-yardj and a gateway, and a confiderable part of the wall, are dill vifibie. In this paridi is Biirons, the feat of Bainber GaTcoyrie, Efq. and, in the road to Dagenham, is Eadbury Hoiife, an ancienS ftru< 5 lnre, fuppoled to have been built by Sir W. Denham, to wiicm, Edward VI. graiitedthe cdate. An unfounded tradition prevails in this neighbourhood, that the difcovery of the gunpowder plot was owing to a midake, in delivering a letter which was defigned for Lord Monteagie^ to an inhabitant of this hcufe named Mc?:tagu. In this parifli alibis the celebrated FalrlopOaky audits boundaries include Claybury Hall, the Teat of James Hatch, Efq. near Wood- ford Bridge, and Anbury Hall, the villa of William Raikes, Efq- Bear Barking Side. See Fairlop, BARNES, a village in Suj ry, on the Thames, fix miles from London. On Baines Terrace, Lady Aicher had a villa, noted for ks fine greenhoiifes i it is now the refidence of the Marquis de Chabe, a French emigrant. The church is an ancient Ttru6fure. On the oiitfide of the S. wall is a ftone tablet, inciofed by pales ; and Tome rofe trees are planted on each Tide of the tablet. 1 his is to the memory of Edward Rofei citizen of London, who died in in my coffin, or placed in my vault next the fame, as fliall be moft convenient 5 and that my coffin be made of oak, lined with lead; and that the top or lid thereof be hung with ftrong hinges, neither to be nriled, fcrcwtd, locked down, or faftened any other way, but to open freely, and without any trouble, like to the top of a ti'unk. BATIN ELMS. 31 T653, aiut left 20I. to the poor of Barnes, for the purchafe of an acre of land, on condition that the pales (Itould be kept up, and the i'ofe trees prefervcd. A quarter of a mile from the church, is BARN ELMS, fo called from its majeilic trees, the theme of many a paftoral poet. It confifts of two houles only. The fi(ft is an ancient manfion, called Q^een Elizabeth’s Dairy. In this houfe lived and died Jacob Tonfon, the BookielJer, who built a gallery near it, at the time he was Secretary, tor the occafional accommoda- tion of the meeting of the nobility, gentry, and celebrated wits of the time, known by the appellation of the Kit Kat Club ; I’o deno- minated from Chriftopher Kat, the landlord, at whofe houfe the meetings were generally held. Garth wrote the vtrfes for the toahing glaifes of the club, which, as they are preferved in his works, have immortalized four of the principal beauties at the commencement of this century; Lady Cariifle, Lady Efiex, Lady Hyde, and Lady Wharton. In this gallery, Tonfon placed the portraits of all the membti s of the club, wlvch were painted by Sir Godfrey Kneiier, Thefe have been removed to ' Hertingfordbury, the feat of Samuel Bakei’, Efq. near Hertford ; but the gallery te*- mains, and the houfe is the rehdence of Mr. Ackland. The other houfe, is the Manor houfe. Q^een Elizabeth, who had a leafe of it, granted her ijiterelf in it to Sir Francis Walfingham and his heirs. Here, in i5^^9, that great man entertained the Q^een and her whole court. 'Llie iinfortunate Earl of EOl who married his daughter (the widow of Sir Philip Sydney) relided frequently Barn Ehns.* This houfe is feated in a final} paddock, at fonoe diftance from the Thames. It was purchafed by the late Sir Richard Hoare, Bart, who enlarged and modernized it, adding the two wings ; and it is now the jointure and refidence of Lady Hoare. In the dining pa: lour and drawing 100m are fome good pidfures, par- ticularly two admirable iandfcapes by G. Pouilin. The pleafiire * Miv Heydegger,. Mafter of the. Revels to George II, was, for fome time, the tenant of this houfe. His Majeify gave him notice, that he would I'up with him one evening, anei that he (hould come from Richmond by water. It was Heydegger’s proftilion to invent novel amufements, and he was refolved to iurprile his Majefiy with a fpecimen of his art. The King’s attendants, who were in the fe- cret, contrived that he fliould not arrive at Barn Elms before night, and It was with difficulty that he found his way up the avenue to the lioufe. When he came to the door, all was dark ; and he began to be angry that Heydesger fliould be fo ill-prepared for his reception. Heydegger fiiffered iiis Majdty to vent his anger, and affe<^ed to make fome awkward apolo.'ies, when, in an inlbant, the houfe and avenues were in a blaze of Hght, a great number of lamps having been fo dilpoied, as to communicate with each other, and to be lit at the fame initant. The King laughed heartily at the device, and went away much pleafed with lus entertainment, grounds BAT 32 grounds are laid out with great tafte. At Barn Elms, Cowley, the poet refided, before he went to Chertfey. BARNET, a market town, in Herts, ii miles from London, on the top of a hill, whence it is called High Barnet, and alfo Chipping Barnet, from the privilege granted to the monks of St. Alban’s of holding a market here; the word Cheap being an ancient word for a market. The church has been reported, though erroneoufly, a chapel ofeafe to Ead Barnet, Queen Elizabeth built a free-fchool of brick, which is under the control of 24 governors, who ele6f the rnafter and ufher. Nine children are taught gratis, all the reft in the parKh at 5s. per quarter. In this town is alfo a haiidfome row of almftioufes for widows, who are allowed the apartments, with fur- niture. Barnet is remarkable for the decifive battle fought between the houfes of York andLancafter, in 1471, in which the great Earl of Warwick was {lain. The field of battle is a green fpot, a little before the meeting of the St. Alban’s and Hatfield roads; and here, in 1740,, a ftone column was ere£led by Sir Jeremy Sambrooke, Bart, to commemorate this great event; which Diigdale, and others, however, think was at Friarn Barnet in Middlefex. BARNET EAST, a village in Herts, near Whetftone, formerly much frequented on account of its medicinal fpring, on a neigh- bouring common. Here is Mount Pieafant, the feat of William Wroiighton, Efq. and the villas of Jofeph Kingfton, Efq. and Mr. Tempeft ; the latter the property of Mrs. Willis. ^ BARNET FRIARN, a village of Middldex, between Finchley and Whetftone. This parifii includes the hamlet of Colney Hatch, and half that of Whetftone. The manor houfe, a very ancient ftrucfiu'e, near the church, is held of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s, by John Bacon, Elq. who has fome portraits here of the Bacon familv, among wdnch are the Chancellor, the Lord Keeper, and one fa id to be Roger Bacon. He has alfo the original caft of Roubiliac’s buft of Handel, over which is placed a portrait of diaries Jennings, Efq. who compiled the words of many of his oratorios.-— Haliwick Houle, in this parlfti, is the property of Richard Down, Efq. BATTERSEA, a village in Surry, on the Thames, four miles from London, remarkable as the birth-plac^ ot Henry St. John.Vif- count Bolingbroke, who died here in 1751. The family feat was a Venerable ftriidure, which contained forty rooms on a floor. The manor was purchaied for the prefent Earl Spencer, when a minor, in 1763, and, about 15 years after, the greateft part of the houfe was pulled- down. On the fite of the demplilhed part, are ereded the horizontal air-mill, and malt dlftillery, of Meffrs. Hodglon, Weller, and Allaway. The part left ftanding forms a dwelling- hoiife for Mr. Hodglon, one of whofe parlours, fronting the Thames, is lined with cedar, beautifully inlaid, and was the favou- rite ftudy of Pope, the feeneofmany a literary converfation between him and his friend St. John.. — The air-mill, now ufed for grinding mait for the diltiilery, was built fome years ago, for the grind- B^ATTE^SEA. ^3 iHg of linfeed* The defign was taken from that of another, on li- fmaller fcale, conftru 61 ed at Margate, by Capt. Hooper. Its height, from the foundation, isi^oteet; the diameter of the co- nical part 54- feet at the bafe, and 45 at the top. The outer part conlihs of 96 (butters, 80 feet hi'^^h, and nine inches broad, which, by the pulling of a rope, open and (hut in the manner of Venetian blinds. In the infide, the main draft of the mill is the centre of a large circle formed by the fails, wlfch confid: of 96 double planks, placed perpendicularly, and of the fame height as the planks that form the (hatters. The wind ruOung through the openings of tliefe (liutters, a6fs with great power upon the fails, and, when ft blows fredi, turns the mill with prodigious rapidity; but this may be moderated, in an inifant, by lefTening the apertures between the durters; which is effe6fed, like the entire hopping of the mill, as before obierved, by the pulling of a rope. In this mill are fix pair of (fones, to which two pair more may be added. On the ilte of the garden and terrace, MeiTrs. Hodgfon and Co. have erecfed ex- tenfive bullock houfes, capable of holding 650 bullocks, fed with the grains from the diftdlery, mixed with meal. In the E. end of the church (which was very neatly rebuilt a few years ago) is a window, in which are three portraits; the (inf that of Margaret Beauchamp, ancelfor (by her firft hulband, Sir Oliver St. John) of the St. Johns, and (by her fecond hufband, John Beau- fort, Duke of Somerfet) grandmother to Henry VII ; the fecond the portrait of that Monarch; and the third, that of Queen Elizabeth, which is placed here, becaufe her grandfather, Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltlhire (father of Qiieen Anne Boleyn) was great grand- father of Anne, the daughter of Sir Thomas Leighton, and wife of Sir John St. John, the firlt baronet of the family.- — In this church is a monument, by Roubiliac, to the memory of Vifccimt Bolingbroke, and his fecond wife, a niece of Madame de Mainte- non. A panegyrical epitaph mentions his zeal to maintain the liberty, and relfore the ancient prolperity of Great Britain.'’ The beif comment on this are the words of his great admirer, the Earl of Chehes held : The relative, political, and commercial interefes of every country in Europe, and particularly of his own, are better known to Lord Bolingbroke, than to any man in it ; but honjj fiea^ dily he has purfued the latter m his public coi 7 du 5 i^ his eneiniss of all parties and denQ?ninations tell --with fyd'‘ Another monument, to the memory of Sir Edward Wmter, an Eall India Captain in the reign of Charles II. relates, that being attacked in the woods by a tyger, he placed himfelf on the fide of a pond, and, when the tyger hew at him, he caught him in his arms, fell back with him into the wa- ter, got upon him, and kept him down till he had drowned him. This adventure, as well as another wonderful exploit, is vouched for by the following lines : Alone, mnanuM, a tyger he opprefs'd. And cruhi'd to deatdi the monfter of a bead Thrice 34 BED Thrice twenty mounted Moors he overthrew. Singly on foot, Ibme v^^ounded, fome he flew ; Difperft the reft : What more could Sampfon do ? Batterfea has been long famous for the flneft afparagus. Here Sir Walter St. John founded a free fchool for twenty boys j and here is a bridge over the Thames to Chdfea. BAYS WATER, a fmall hamlet, in the parifli of Paddington, one mile from London, in the road to Uxbridge. The public tea- gardens were, about 25 years ago, the gardens of the late Sir John Hill, who here cultivated hrs medicinal plants, and prepared from them his tin6lures, eflences, See, The refervoir at Bayfwater was intended for the fupply of Kenfington Palace, and the property was granted to the proprietors of the Chelfea water- works, on their engaging to keep the bafln before the palace full. The wheel at Hyde-Park wall, near Knightlbridge chape), was made foi* the conveyance of this water. The conduit at Bayfsvater belongs to the city of London, and fupplies the houfes in and about Bond Street, which ftands upon the city lands. The Queen’s Lying-in Plofpital, inftituted in 1752, for delivering poor women, married oh unmarried, was removed here, in 1791, from its former fituation tiear Cumberland Street. BEACONSFIELD, a market town in Bucks, in the road to Oxford, 23 miles from London, has feveral fine feats in its vicinity. See BulJlroJe^ Butler's Courts Hall Barriy and Wilton Park. BEAUMONT LODGE, the feat of Henry Griffiths, Efq. fituated on an eafy afeent, by the fide of the Thames, at Old Wind- sor, was the feat of the late Duke of Cumberland. It became afterward the property of Thomas Wyatts, Efq. of whom it was purchafed by Governor Haftings, who fold it to Mr. Griffiths. This gentleman has built one entire new wing, with conefpondent additions to the other ; he has iikewife raifed the centre to an equal height. In the front of this is a colonnade, confifting of fix co- lumns and two pilafters, which are raifed from four pedeftals, two fliafts fprlnging out of each bafe. Thefe are from the defign of Mr. En#lyn, according to his new order of archite£liire. Under the colonnade, and even with the firft floor, is a light and elegant balcony, commanding a very pleafing view of the Thames and of the adjacent country. BECKENHAM, a village near Bromley, in Kent. Here is Langley, the feat of Lord Gwyder, and Beckenham Place, belong- ing to John Cator, Efq. At Beckenham alfo is the refidence of Lord .Auckland. BEDDINGTON. a village, two miles Weft of Croydon. Here is the feat of the ancient family of Carew, which deicending to Richard Gee, Ei’q. of Orpington, in Kent, that gentleman, in 1780, took the name and aims of Carew, It was forfeited, in I 539 > the attainder and execution of Sir Nicholas Carew, for a confpiracy. His fon, Sir Francis, having procured the reverfal of BEDDINGTON. 3 S 4he attainder, piuxhafed this eftate of Lord Darcy, to whom It had been granted by Edward VI. He rebuilt the manfion-houle, and planted the gardens with choice fruit trees, in the cultivation of which he took great delight*. The Park isitill famous for walnut- trees. The manor houle, fituated near the church, is built of brick, and occupies three fides of a fquare. It was rebuilt in its prefent form in 1709. The great door of the hall has a curious ancient lock, richly vv^rought : a fhieki with the arms of England, moving in a groove, conceals the key-liole. In this hall is the portrait of a lady, falfely fhewn as Q^een Elizabeth ; a fmall room adjoining to the hall retains the ancient pannels with mantled carvings 5 over the chimney is a fmail portrait of one of the Carews, furrounded by a pedigree. Another room has feveral portraits of the Placket fami- ly, particularly one of Bifhop Racket, by Sir P. Lely. In the parlour at the north end of the hall are fome other family portraits. * Sir Francis fpared no expence in procuring them from foreign countries. The firft orange trees feen in England are faid to have been planted by him. Aubrey fays, they were brought from Italy by Sir Francis Carew. But the editors of the Biographia, fpeak- ing from a tradition prelerved in the family, tell us, they were raifed by Sir Francis Carew from the feeds of the firft oranges which were imported into England by Sir Walter Raleigh, who had married his niece, the daughter of Sir Nicholas Throcicmorton, The trees were planted, in the open ground, and were preLrved in the winter by a mOveable fhed. They flourifhed for about a century and a ha f, being ddiroyed l>y the hard froft in 1739 — 4^ garden was a pleafure' he ufe, on the top of which wa.s painted the SpaniHi Invafion. In Aiigull 1599, Ohyeen Elizabeth paid a viflt to Sir Francis Carew, at Beddington, lor three days, and again in the fame month, the enduing year. The Queen’s oak, and her fa- vourite walk, are dill pointed out. Sir Hugh Platt tells an anec- dote, in his Garden of Eden, relating to one ol thefevifits, which iliews the pains Sir Francis took in the management and cultivation of his fruit trees; Here I will conclude,” lays he, ‘‘ with a con- ceit of tliat delicate Knight, Sir Francis Carew, who, for the better accompiifhment of his royal entertainment of our late Q^een Eliza- beth, of happy memory, at his houle at Beddington, led her ma- jefty to a cherry-tree, whefe fruit he had of purpofe kept back from ripening, at the lead one month after all other cherries had taken their farewei of England. This fecret he performed, by draining a tent, or cover of canvafs, over the whole tree, and wetting the fame now and then with a fcoop or horn, as the heat of the weather required ; and fo, by witholding the fun beams from rede61ing upon the berries, they grew l)oth great, and were very long before they ’had gotten their perfe6l cherry colour 3 and, when he was alTured of her Majedy’s coming, he removed the tent, and a few funny days brought them to their fidi maturity,” Lyfons' En^uirons of London^ VqU I, Fage 56, among BEL a:mong which i-s one of Sir Nicholas Carew, beheaded in tlie reign of Henry VIIL. In the aiflcs of the cliVirch, ^bich is a heatnihrl gothic pilCi are feveral ftalls, after the irianner of cathedrals, hav- ing formerly belong' d to Merton Abbey. See Wellington, ^EECHWOOD, iieai St. Alban’s, the feat ct Sir John Sebright, Baronrt. BELFONT, a vl lagc, 13 miles from London, on the road to Staines. In the ciuirch-yard, two yew trees unite to form an arch over the foot-p3th, and exhibit, in fombre verdure, the date of the year 1704. BELLHOUSE, the feat of the Dowager Lady Dacrc, at Aveley, in EfEx, 20 miles fjom London, in the road to Tilbury, is fituated in a well- wooded paik, and was built in the reign of Henry VIII. The late LokI much impioved this noble msnfionj and to his fkill in architecture, fBeilhciife owes the elegant neatnefs of its decora tions, from defigns made by himfeif, and executed under his own iafpecdion* ** . BELLHOUSE, the feat of the Hon. George Petre, at Hare Street, l5 miles from London, in the road to Chipping Ongar, BSLLMONT, an elegant villa and park, in the paiifh of Great Stanmore j occupied, at prefenr, by John Dj ummond, Eliq. din ing the minority of his nephew. BELMONT CASTLE, 22 miles from London and one from Grays, nioil delighfully fitiiated in the county of Eflex, is the propeity and refidence of Zachariah Button, Efq. who, a few years inKe, hniflied it in a coftly llyle of the })ureh gothic architecture. The budding contains, befides other convenient apartments, a cir- cular neatly finidied room, called the Round Tower, from whence there are the moft delightful profpfCtsct the river Thames, of the flipping, for many miles, and of the rich Kentifh inciofurts, to the hills beyond the great Dover road. An elegant drawing-room, 26 feet by 18, with circular front, highly enriched 5 five a ry, cheerful bed chambers and two dr fling rooms 5 flaircafe, of very hantifome wai]ifcot, with mahogany hand rail j a cheeriul entrance hall, finiflied wiT gothic moldings, niches for figures or lamps, and paved * Weever and Fuller mention a circumftance concerning one of the former pofleflcrs of this rmmlion worth recording. “ I'tomas “ Barryi Squire to Kyng Har 7 j the Syxt, oftentirnes imployed in the French warrys under the command of John Hue of Bedfordy as ‘Aio JohnXFwc of Norjbik, being alway tiew leigman to his Sovereigne Lord the King, havyng taken fanHuaryat Weflmyn- ‘‘ fire to fhon the fury of his and the Kyng’s enemys, was from thence halyd forth, and lamentably hev-.n apeices. Abutwhilke tyme, or a little before, the Lord Scales late in an evening, entry- ing a wherry Bott wyth three perfons, and rowing toowards Welt- “ minftre ther lykwys too i avt takyn fan8uary was deferyed by a ** Woman, when anon the Wherry Man fell on him, murthered him and cafi his manglyd corps alond by St. Mary, Overys,” E^ilLVEBERE HOUSE 3 / v/sth llone, and black marble dots ; a fpacioiis eating room, finlilied with, highly enriched cornice, grey lUicco Tides, and gothic mold- ings, a beaiitiful chimney piece, and wainicot floor j the library is oval lhaped, and very elegantly fitted up ind finiChed, with gothic book-caTes and moldings j from this room a double flight of hand- fome ftone fteps ddcend to the terrace, fronting the great lawn, and in full view oF tlie river. The large and very excellent kitchen gar- den, is encompaifed by lofty walls, cloathed -md planted woh a choice feledion of the beft fruit trees and a capital hot-houfe. Surround- ing the houfe, are the pieafure grounds, which are beautifudy and tadefiilly difpofed, and ornamented with very valuable fored trees, fiirubs, and plants, terminating towards the welt by a gothic temple, and towards the eaft by an orchard and paddock. 'I liere are two approaches to the houfe, the one by the neat brick gothic lodge, through the great fouth lawn, from the road between Welt Thurrock and Grays 5 and the other from the Village of StifFoid, by the north lawn. BELVEDERE HOL^SE, the feat of Lord Eardley, is fituated on the brow of a hill, near Erith, in Kent, and commands a vait ex- tent of country beyond $he Thames, which is a mile and a half dif- tant. The river adds greatly to the beauty of the fctne, which ex- hibits a very pleafing landfcape. The fliips employed in the trade of London are feen failing up and down. On the other fide are profpe6fs not lei’s beautifui, though of another kind. His lordihip has very judicioufly laid out his grounds. The old houfe was but fmall j he, therefore, built a noble manfion, and the only apartment left of the for?ner is an elegant drawing room, built by his father. The colle^lion of pi6ltires contains many capital produclions of the greateft maders. The foilowdng is a catalogue of them; View of Venice, and ditto with the Doge marrying the Sea, its companion j Canalettij Time bringing Triuh to Light, a fketch, Rubens j the Alclvemill, Teniers; Portrait of Sir John Gage, Holbein; a Landfcape, G. PoufTin : Battle of the Amazons, Rottenhamer; the CJnjuff Steward, Quintin Tvlatfys; Noah’s Ark, Velvet Brughel; St. Catherine, Leonardo da Vinci; Van Tromp, Francis Plals 5 Vulcan, or the Element of Fire, Baffan ; Horfes, its companion, Wouvermans; two Inlides of Churches, fmall, De Neef; a Dutch Woman and her three children, More; Rembrandt, painting aa Old Woman, by himfeif; a Courtezan and her Gallant, Giorgione; the Golden Age, Velvet Bnighel ; Snyders, with his Wife and Child, Rubens; Rebecca bringing prefents to Laban, De la Hyre 5 Boors at Cards, Teniei^s; the Element of Earth, Jai. Baffan; Mar- riage in Cana, P. Veronefe; two landfcapes, G. Pouflin ; the Ge- nealogy of Chrifl, Albert Durer ; Beggar Boys at Cards, S. Rcfa; Herod confuiting the Wife Men, Rembrandt ; Marriage of St* Catherine, Old Palma ; the Conception, Rr an altar-piece, Murillo; the Flight into Egypt, its companion, Ditto; Vulcan, Venus, Cu- pid, and fundry figures, an emblematic fubje6>, Tintoret, ; Mars and Venus, P. Veronefe; Chrift among the Do^lors, L, Giordano ; B Duke BET Duke of Buckingham's Mlilrefs, her three children, and a Son of Rubens, by himfelf; a Landfcape, Lorrain j Leopold’s Gallery, Teniers ; Teniers’ own Gallery, Ditto. BENTLEY PRIORY, the magnificent feat of the Marquis of Abercorn, fituate on the fummit of Stanmore Hill, but in the parifii of Harrow. The fite of it is fuppofed to be that of an ancient pi i- ory, which, at the Diflblution, was converted into a private houfc. The houfe, which commands extenfive views, was built from Uie defigns of Mr. Soane, by Mr. James Duberly. Of him it was purchafcd, in 1788, by the Marquis of Abercorn, who has m de very large additions to it, and converted it into a noble manfion. It is furnifned with a valuable colleflion of pi6lures by old mafters, and a few antique bulls : that of Marcus Aurelius is much admired by the connoifleurs. The dining room is 40 feet by 30 j the fa- lcon and mufic-room are each 50 feet by 30. In the latter arede- veral portraits of the Hamilton family. In the falcon is the cele- brated pi 61 ure of St. Jerome’s Dream, by Paniieglano. — The beautiful plantations contain 200 acres. BERTIE PLACE, near Chifiehurfi, in Kent, an ancient man- fion^ long in the pofferfion of the family of Farrington. Thomas Farrington, Efq. bequeathed it to his nephew, the late Lord Robert Bertie, who greatly improved the houfe and grounds. It is now the refidence of the Right Hon. Charles Tcwnfhend. BETCHWORTH, a village in Surry, between Dorking and Reigate, with a cafile of the fame name,. The caftie formerly be- longed to the great Earl Warren^ then to the Fitz Alans, Earls of Arundel 5 from whom, by different defcents, it devolved to Sir Adam Brown, whofe daughter and heir married Mr. Fenwick; whence it came to the late Abraham Tucker, Efq. (author of an excellent work on Metaphyfic.s, under the fignature of Abraham Search, Efq.) He bequeathed this eftate to his daughter, Mrs^ Tucker; and on her deceafe Sir Henry St. John Pawlet Mildmay, Bart, became Lord of the Manor, who has let the cafile to Henry Peters, Efq. A mile from this is Tranquil Dale, the elegant villa of Mr. Petty. The fituatidn of this ch.arming place fcems per- fe 611 y correfpondent to its appellation ; confecrated, as it were, more particularly to the lover of rural quiet and contemplation : Who, when young Spring protudes the hnrfting gems, Marks the firfl bud, and fucks the healthful gale, Into his Ircfiien’d foul ; her genial hours He full enjoys; and not a beauty blows, And not an opening blofibm breathes In vain. Thomson. BETHNAL GREEN, once a hamlet of Stepney, from which it was feparated, in 1743, and formed into a dii’in 61 : parilh, by the name of St. Matthew, Bethnal Green. It is fituated N. W. of the metrop lis, extends over a confiderable part of the luburbs, and contains about 490 acres of land, not built upon. The well-known ballad of the Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green was written in the reign M 3 0 rsign of EUzabetli: the legend is told oF the reign of Henry III; and Henry de Montloid, (fon of theEa'l of Leicelfer) who was fuppofed to have fallen at the battle of Evefham, is the hero*. Though it is probable, that the author might have fixed upon any other fpot with equal propriety, for the refidence of his beggar, the itory, nevu'thelefs, feems^ to have gained much credit in the vil- lage, where it decorates not only the fignpofts of the publicans, but the ftaff of the paridi beadle; and fo convinced are fome of the in- habitants, that they fhew an ancient houfe on the Qreen as the pa- lace of the blind beggarE. BEXLEY^, a village, 12 mi’es from London, to the right of the Dover Road- Bexley Manor was in the poircfTion of the celebrated Camden, who bequeathed it for the endowing of a pofeiroiTmp of Hiliory at Oxford. In this parifh is Hail- Place, the refidence of R i c h a rd C a ! vert , . E fq - and left this feat to his nephew, Sir Gregory Turner, who took the name and arms of Page. — Sir Gregory Page Turner difpofed of the noble colleiflion of paintings by aubfion ; and, by virtue of an A6f of Parliament, the houfe and grounds were fold by au6lion to John Cator, E(q. for 22,550!. This gen- tleman fold it again by au< 5 fion, in 1787, in a very different way § ail the materials, with its magnificent decorations, being fold in fe- parate lots J. * Percy’s Reliques of Ancient Poetry, Vol, II. p. 162. f This old Manfion, nov/ called Bethnal Green houfe, was built in the reign of Elizabeth, by Mr. Kirby, a citizen of London, and is ftill caikd in the writings, Kirby Caltie. It is now the property of James Stratton, Efq. and has been long appropriated for the re- ception of infane perfbns. I This feat, now a melancholy fhell, may remind the reader of E 2, Canons 40 BLACKMOHE. In 1780, a cavern was difcovered, on the fide of the afcent to Biackbeath, in the road to Dover. It confifts of 7 large rooms, from 12 to 36 feet wide each way, which have a communication with each other by arched - avenues. Some of the apartments have large conical domes, 36 feet high, fupported by a column of chalky 43 yards in circumference. The bottom of tite cavern is 50 feet from the entrance 5 at the extremiries 160 feet j and it is defcended Iry a flight of heps. The Tides and roof are rocks of chalk 5 the bottom is a line dry fandj and, syo feet under ground, is a well of very hne water, 27 feet deep. BLACKMORE, a village in EiTex, between Ongar and Tngafe- ■flone, feven miles from Chelmsford. An ancient priory hood near the church. It is reported,” fays Morant, “ to have been one of King Henry the Eighth’s pleafure lioufes, and dilfingui/hed by the name of Jericho j fo that when this lafeivious prince had a mind to repair to his courtezans, the cant word among his courtiers w’as, that he was gone to Jericho.” Here was born his natural fon, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerfet, the friend of the gallant and accomplifhed Earl of Surrey, whofe poetry makes fuch a iiiftinguifhed figure in the literature of the i6th century. This an- cient ftruRure was repaired, and fome additions made to it, about 73 years ago, by Sir Jacob Ackworth, Bart, whofe daughter, Lady Wheate, fold it to the prefent poflefTor, Richard Prelion, Efq, The river Can, which partly furrounds the garden, is ftiii called here Canons, near Edgware, the mice princely palace of the princely Chandos, which rofe and difappeared in lefs than half a century! Similar was the fate of Eahbury, in Dorfet/hire, a magnificent feat, which coft loojoool. It was built by the famous George Biibb Dodington, whom Thomfon celebrates in his “ Summer,” for all the public virtues : whofe own Diary, piiblifhed fince his death, has unmafked the wily courtier and intriguing (iaterman 5 and whole vanity, at the age of fourfeore, Vv'hen he had no heir to inherit his honours, induced him to accept the title of Lord Melcombe Regis. This feat, on his death, devolved on the late Earl Temple, who lent it to his brother, Mr. Henry Grenville, on whole death, the Earl offered to give 2.00]. a year to any gentleman to occupy and keep it up; but the propofal not being accepted, he determined to pu.l it down, and the materials produced little more than the prime coil of the plumber and glazier’s work. Events of this kind lead the mind into awful refle6lions on the inllability of the proud monu- ments of human grandeur ; dire 61 ing our attention to the conlum- fliation of all things, when The cloud-capt towers, the gorgeous palaces, The folemn temples, the great globe itfelf, Yea, all which it inherit, lliall diffolve, And, like the bafelefs fabric of a vifion. Leave not a rack behind. Shakespeare, BLACKWALL. . 41 here the River Jordan » Not far from Jericho is Smyth's Hall, the feat of Charles Alexander Crickitt, Efq. to whom it was left by his uncle, Captain Charles Alexander. Mr. Crickitt has new-fronted this old manhon, in a window of which was fome fine ftained glafs, of great antiquity, reprefenting ancient military figures. Thefe he has carefully preferved, and formed into a beautiful window for the ftaircafe. BLACKWALL, in Middlefex, between Poplar (to which ham- let it belongs) and the mouth of the river Lea, is remarkable for the fliip-yard and wet dock of John Perry, Efq. The dock, which is the moll confiderable private one in Europe, contains, with the water and embankments, nearly 19 acres. It can receive 28 large Eall Indiamen, and from 50 to 60 fliips of fmaller burthen, with room to tranfport them from one part of the dock to any other. On the fpacious fouth quay are ere6fed four cranes, tor the pur- pofe of landing the guns, anchors, quintaledges, and heavy ftores of the fliips. On the eaft quay, provifion is made to land the blubber from the Greenland fliips 5 and, adjoining, are coppers prepared for boiling the fame, with fpacious warehoufes for the reception of the oil and whalebone 5 and ample convenience for ftcwiag and keeping dry the rigging and fails of the fliips. On the weft quay is erefied a building 120 feet in height, for the piirpofe of laying up the fails and rigging of the Indiamen j with complete machinery above, for mafting and difmafting the fliips 5 whereby the former pra6fice of raifnig flieers on the deck, fo inju- rious to the fhips, and extremely dangerous to the men, is entirely avoided. The firft fhip mafted by this machine was the Lord Ma- cartney, on the 25th of October 1791 ; her whole fuit of malts, and bowl'prit, being raifed and fixed in three hours and forty minutes, by half the number of hands ufually employed two days in the fame fervice. On each end of the north bank, are ere6fed houfes for the watch- men, who have the care of the fliips night and day 5 with cook- rooms, in which the failors drefs their provifions, perfe6lly fheltered from the inclemency of the weather. The bafms without the dock gate are fo prepared, that fhips are continually laid 011 the flocks, and their bottoms infpe^led, without the neceffuy of putting them into the dry docks j whereby much time and expence are laved. Toward the end of the year 1789, and in all 1790, people came from far and near to collecl the nuts, and pieces of trees, which were found, in digging this dock, in a found and perfe^l ftate, although they mull have laid here for ages. They feem to have been oveiiet by fome convulfion, or violent impulfe, from the northward, as all their tops lay toward the fouth. Not tar from this dock is a copperas work belonging to Mr. Perry, on the river Lea, near the Thames, in the parifh of St. Leonard, Bromley j the molt complete work of the kind in the kingdom. E 3 BLECH. BOX 42 BLECHINGLY, a fmall borough in Surry, without a market. It is 20 miles from London, and being fituated on a hill on the fide of Holmefdale, affords a fine profpe6l as far as Suflex and the fouth Downs. The Manor of Blechingly, upon the Norman Survey, was held by Richard de Tonebridge, a relation of William the Conqueror} and his freemen pofleffed to the value of 73s. and 4d. The borough confifis of about 60 fmall houfes ; the right of voting is burgage tenure, and the members are fent to Parliament by the borough holders only, without any officer’s return. However this place has fent Members to Parliament from 23d Edward I. Here are the remains of a Cafile, built, it is faid, by Gilbert, Earl of Clare. In the midfl of a coppice, is a view to the weft into Hampffilre, and to the eaft into Kent. BOOK HAM, GREAT, a village near Leatherhead. Here are the fine feat of Sir William Geary, Baronet, and a handfome houfe belonging to Mr. Laurel. The church of this village was built by John deRumerwick, Abbot of Chertfey, in 1340. See Polfeden and Norbury Park, BOTLEYS, near Chertfey, the elegant new-built villa of the late Sir Jofeph Mawbey, Bart. BOW, or STRATFORD BOW, a village in Middlefex, twd rniles to the E. of London, on the great Efffex road. Here is a bridge over the rh^er Lea, faid to have been built by Matilda, Q^een of Henry the Firft, and to be the firft ftone bridge in England*. In common with Stratford, on the oppofite fide of the river, and many other Stratfords in various parts of the kingdom, it takes the name of Stratford from an ancient ford near one of the Roman highways. Its church, built by Henry II. was a chapel of eafe to Stepney 5 but was made parochial in 1740. BOXHILL, near Dorking, in Surry, received its name from the box trees planted on the fouth fide of it, by the Earl of Arundel, in the reign of Charles I. but the north part is covered with yews, Thefe groves are interfperfed with a number of little green fpots and agreeable walks. From the higheft part of this hill, in a clear day, is a prolpe6I over part of Kent and Surry, and the whole of Suftex, quite to the South Downs, near the fea, at the diiiance of 36 miles. The weft and north views overlook a large part of Suny and Middlefex } and advancing to the place called the Quarry, upon the ridge of the hill that runs toward Mickkham, the iublime and beautiful unite in forming a grand and delightful feene : we look down, from a vaft and almoft perpendicular height, upon a well- cultivated vale, laid out in beautiful inclofures, and fee the river Mole winding ciofe to the bottom of the mountain, as if it were di- re6Ily under our feet, though it is at a great diftance. In this charming valley are Burford Lodge, built by Mr. Eckerfall, and the cottage called the Grove, both belonging to George Barclay, Efq. * See»the hiftory of this bridge in Lyfons’s Environs, Vol. III. P* 4^9* BRAN. BRANDENBURG HOUSE. 43 BRANDENBURG HOUSE, a, celebrated villa, feated on the Thames at Hammerfmith*, was originally ere 61 ed about the begin- ning of the reign of Charles I. by Sir Nicholas Crifpe, Bart, a famous merchant, warrior, and royalilf, who is faid to have been the fil'd inventor of the art of making bricks as now pra 61 ifed, and to have built this maiifion with thole materials, at the expence of near 2 3,oooJ. It afterwards became the property of Prince Rupert, who gave it to his beautiful miftrefs, Margaret Hughes, a much adnimed a 61 refs in the reign of Charles II. From her it paflld through feveral hands, till the year 1748, when it was purchafed by George Bubb Dodington, afterward Lord Melcombe Regis, who repaired and modernized the houfe, giving it the name of La Trappe, from the celebrated monadery of that name in France, He iikewife built a magnificent gallery for ftatues and antiques 5 the floor was inlaid with various marbles, and the door- cafe fup- ported by two columns, richly ornamented with lapis lazuli. In the gardens he ere 61 ed an obtdilk to the memory of his lady, which Thomas Wyndham, Efq. (to whom his Lord Hup left this eftate) removed, and it was placed in the Earl of Ayiefbury’s park, at Tottenham, inWiltfhire, in commemoration of his Mnj dy's happy recovery in 1789. It has been fin ce the property of Mrs. Sturt, and was purchafed, in 1792, for 8,500!. by the Margrave of An- fpach, who having abdicated his dominions, in favour of the King of Pruffia, receives from that Monarch a princely revenue. His lerene highnefs married Elizabeth Dowager Lady Craven, and lifter of the Earl of Berkeley, The Margravine’s tafte is confpicuous in the improvements and decorations of the houfe, which are both elegant and magnificent. The ft ate drawing-room, which is 38 feet by 33, and 30 feet in height, is fitted up with whit efattin, and has a broad border of Priiflian blue in a gilt frame. At the upper end is a chair of eftate, over which is placed a pi6i:ure of the late Frederick, King of PriuTia, the Margrave’s uncle j the whole co- yc: ed with a canopy, which is decorated with a very elegant and j;ich cornice. The ceiling of this room was painted for Lord Mel- combe, by whom alfo the very coftly chimney piece, leprefenting, in white marble, the marriage of the Thames and Ifts, was put up. The antichamber contains feveral good pi6lures, and foine very beautiful pieces of needle-work, being copies of paintings by the old mailers, wrought in worfteds, by the Margravine herfelf, in which the fpirit and chara6lor of the originals ate admirably pre- ferved. Under the cornice of this room hangs a deep border of point lace, with which the curtains are alfo decorated. The gal- lery, which is 30 feet high, 20 in width, and 82 in length, remains in the fame ftate as left by Lord Melcombe, exoept that the marble pavement is removed, and the ftaircafe, where the columns flood. * This houfe, although it adjoins to, and is generally efteemed a part of Hammerfmith, is ailually itt the Fulham diVifton of the parifh of Fulham, 111 44 B K E in the room oF the latter, is a chimney-piece. The ceiling of the gallery is of mofaic-work, ornamented with rofes. Two new liaircafes of Hone have been built, and a chapel has been made on the Fite of the old itair-cafe, the walls of which were painted with fcripture fubje6fs. In the hall, on the ground floor, are the follow- ing verfes, wrijtten by Lord Melcombe, and placed under a bull of Com us : While rofy wreaths the goblet deck. Thus Comiisfpake, or leem’d to I’peak; This place, for focial hours defign’d. May care and bufinefs never find. ** Come every mufe without refiraint. Let genius prompt, and fancy paint: Let mirth and wit, with friendly flrife, ‘‘ Chafe the dull gloom that faddens life ; True wTt, that firm to virtue’s caufe, “ Refpe6ls religion and the laws 5 ‘‘ True mirth, that chearfulnefs fupplles. To inodefi ears and decent eyes ; Let thefe imlulge their livelielt Tallies, ‘‘ Both {‘corn the canker’d help of malice, ‘‘ True to their country and their friend, ‘‘ Bothfcornto flatter or offend.” Adjoining to the hall is a library, which opens into the conferva- tory 5 and, on the oppofite fide, is a writing ciofet, where are fome good cabinet pi6lures, particularly a fine head, by Fragonard. Near the water-fide is a fmall theatre, where the Margravine oc- cafionally entertains her friends with dramatic exhibitions, and fometimes gratifies them by exerting her talents, both as a writer and performer, for their amufement. This theatre is conne6led with the dwelling hoiife, by a confervatory of 1 50 feet in length. It is of a curvilinear form, and occupies the fite of a colonnade. See Blackheatb BRASTEx\D PLACE, between Sevenoaks and Weflerham, In Kent, tj^ elegant villa of Dr. Turton. BRAY, a village in Berks, on the Thames, between Maiden- head and Windfor, is noted in a famous fong, for its vicar, who, ac- cording to Fuller, changed his religion four times in the reigns of Henry VIII. and his three fucceflbrs 5 keeping to one principle only, that of living and dying Vicar of Bray. Here is an hofpital founded in 1627, by William Goddard, Efq. for 40 poor perfons, who are each allowed a houfe, and eight fliil- iings a month. At Braywick, are the feats of Thomas Slack, Eiq. Mr. Pepys, and Major Law. See Cannon Hall, BRENTFORD, a market- town in Middlefex, feven miles from London, has its name from a brook, called the Brent, which rifes in the parilfh of Hendon, and here flows into the Thames. In this town the freeholders a Middlefex aflemble to choofe their reprefen- tatives* B R d 45 tatives. That part of the town called Old Brentford, is fituated in the parifh of Great Ealing, and is Oj polite Kew-Green. New Brentford is fituated partly in the parilh of Hanwell, and forms partly a parilli of its own name, which contains not more than 200 acres. This town affords employment to numerous poor 5 having a flour mil!, on the fame conlfrifff ion of the late Albion Mills, ere6led at the foie expence of Meffs. R. W. Johnfon, and Gould j an extenfive pottery, belonging to iMtffrs. 'Turner 3 a con- fulerable- trade in brick and tile making 5 and a very large malt dif- tillery, the property of Meflis. Roberts aiid Co. The chapel of \ Brentford, which (the tower excepted) was rebuilt in 1764, Ls fltuated in the centre of the town, and is an appendage to the church of Great Ealing. It has two charity-fehoois 3 a market, which is kept on Tiiefday, and two fairs for cattle and fwine, on May 18 and September 13, Here, in 1016, King Edmund Ironfide de- feated the Danes with great (laughter 5 and here, in 1642, Charles I. defeated fome regiments of the Parliamentarians. For his fer- vices in this engagement, be created Ratrick Ruthen (Earl of Forth in Scotland) an Englifli Earl, by the title of Earl of Brent- ford. BRENTWOOD, a market town in Effex, on a fine eminence, on the road to Harwich, 18 miles from London, is a hamlet of the parifh of Southweaid, and has a chapel dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket. It is a place of confiderabie antiquity j as a Roman road paffed hence towards Ongar, and the remains of an-®ftiva, or Sum- mer Camp, are very viiible. The chapel is aifo very ancientj iiav'*- ing been ere6led by David, Abbot of St. Ofyth, in the 5th year of Henry III. The perquifites of the chaplain arofe from travel- lers on the road, and fuch as came out of devotion to St. Thomas, to whom the chapel was dedicated; whence a gate upon the mili^' tary way, from Ongar in this parifh, is denominated Pilgrim’s Hatch, Here is a grammar-fchool, founded by Sir Anthony Brown, by royal licence, 4 and 5 Phil, and Mary. Near this town is Warley Common, which commands a beautiful profpe6f, and is famous for its encampments in time of war, BRICKLEY PLACE, the handfome feat and plantations of John Welles, Efq. at Bromley, in Kent, on the left hand of the road from London to Chffiehui if. BRi rWELL HOUSE, near Bumham in Buckinghamfliire, the teat of the late Lady Ravenfworth, upon whofe death it was purchafed by Lord Grenville. It is now the refidence of Lady Camel ford. BROCKET HALL, the magnificent feat of Lord Melbourne, between Hatfield and Welwyn, m Herts, on the file of an ancient edifice, which once belonged to the family of Brocket. Thcraan- flon, begun by Sir Matthew Lamb, was completed by his fon, the prefent proprietor, who made great improvements in the park, and rendered it one of the moff elegantly pifturefque in the kingdom, Mr. Paine was the architedl, who iikevvife executed the beaurfful bridge B I? O 46' bridge over the fpacious fteet of water that enriches the enchanting fcenery. In this feat are many paintings by tlie firfi; mallet Sj par- ticularly a fine pifinre by Teniers, and Sir Joihua Rcynolos’ ex- cellent painting of the Prince of Wales and his horfe. BROCKLEY HILL, a fine eminence between Edgware and Eldree. Here is the handfome feat of William Godfrey, Efq. the views from whofe fummer-houfe are very extenfive. In a handfome drawing-room are fome large picfures iaftened in the pannels, and faid to have been part of King Charles’s colle6f Near or npoii thele hills is faid to have been a Roman town named Sullo- niacae. BROMLEY, a market town in Kent, 9J miles from London, in the road to Tunbridge. The BiOmp of Kcchefter has a palace near the town, where is a mine; al fpring, the water of which has been found to have the fame qualities as that of Tunbridge. King Edgar gave the manor, in the year 700, to the Bifliop of Rocheflerp. and here is alfo a college, eredled by Dr. Warner, Bilhop of that fee, in the reign of Charles II. for ^o poor clergymen’s widows,-, with an aniiuai allowance of 20I. and 50!. a year to the ohaplain» This was the firft endowment of the fort ever eliabliflied in Eng- land, The miiniiicence of the Rev. Mr. Hetherington, who left 2000I to this college, and of Bilhop Pearce, who left 5000I. to it, enabled the tru-ftees to augment the allowance to the widows to 3d. per annum, and that of- the chaplain to 601. Ten additional iicules, handfomely emiowed, for the lame benevolent purpofe, are jult com- pleted, in piirfuance of the will of Mrs. Betenfon, of Beckenham. Near the nine mile ikons, to the right, on a fine commanding fitua- tion, is Clay Hill, the villa of George Glennie, Efq. Sie Brickuy Place and Sundridge Houfe, BROMLEY, a village near Bow, in Middlefex, had once a* Benedi^line nunnery, founded in the reign of William the Con- queror. Its chapel is now the parifh church. BROMPTON-, a hamlet of Kennngton,. adjoining to Knightf. bridge, remarkable for the falubrity of its air. Hale Houfe, an ancient manhon here, commonly called Cromwell Houfe, is faid to have been the refidenee of Oliver Cromwellf . It is now the joint property of the Earl of Harrington and Sir Richard Wordey, Bart, . who married the daughter of the late proprietor, Sir Jphii Fleming, Bart. The late Mr. William Curtis had a botanical garden near the Queen’s Elm Turnpike, one mile and a half from Hyde Park Cor- * x4.mongthefe are a whole length of James I. a portrait, faid to be that of the Spanifh Amballador, Gondamar, twm boys by Mu- rillo. There is hkewife a group of portraits of the family of William Sharp, Elq. who was the proprietor of this houfe 5 and among thei’e is that of the late Rev. Dr. Gregory Sharpe. f It appears from Mr. Lyfons’s accurate Itatement, that there are no grounds for this tradition. VoL III. page 18a. nei’j B XT I. 47 'MSTfOn the Fulham road. Subfcnbers to this garden, atone guinea per annum, are entitled to tiie privilege of v^'ah- ing in ii, impeding the plaints, perilling the books in the botanical library, and exam- ining the extennve colie 61 :ions of drav/ings in Natural Hiitory, with liberty to introduce a friend. A iubfeription of two guineas ent ties 'the fubic: iber to feeds, roots, &c. of a certain value, and gives him the privilege of introduciiig as many of his friends as he plcafes. Non-fubferibers are admitted on the payment of 2s. 6d. BROXBOURN, a frnall, but pleafant village in Hei rfordniire, 15 miles from London, is charmingly fituated on a rifing ground, with meadows down to the river Lea j it is alfo watered by the New River, which paBes near the church towards London^ The church is a handfome ll:ru6dure, and contains many ancient and handlbme monuments. This place forme! ly belonged to the K’nights of St. John of Jerufalera 5 there being between Broxhourn and Hoddefon, v^hich is partly in this parifn, affream called Spiral Stream. BROXBOURNBURY, the ^eat and park of Mr. Bofanquet, is fituated by the village of Broxbourn, near Hoddefdon, in Herts« The houfe is a noble fhudiir.e, in the mid If; of the park j and at a fmall diffance from it are offices, ere6fed in a quadrangle, on the fame plan with . the Royal Mews at Charing Crofs. They are placed behind a iarg^e plantation of trees. BRUCE CASTLE, the feat of Thomas Smith, Efq. at Totten, ham, obtained its name from Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, one of the ancient pofleirors of the manor. Being forfeited to the crown, it had different proprietors, till 1631, when we find it in the poiltilion of Hugh Hare, Lord Coleraine. Henry Hare, the lalf Lord Coleraliie of that family, having been deferted by his wife, the daughter of John Hanger, Efq. and who obftinatdy re. filled, for 20 years, to return to him, formed a connexion with Mifs Rofe Dupleffis, a French lad3^, by whom he had a daughter, born in Italy, whom he named Henrietta Rofa Peregrina, and to whom he left all his ellates. This lady married the late Mr. Al- derman Townfend j but, being an alien, fhe could not take the .eftates, and the v/ill having been legally made, barred the heirs at law 5 fo that the eft ares efeheated to the crown. However, a grant of thefe eftates, confirmed by a6t of Parliament, was made to Mr. Townfend and his lady, whofe fon, Henry Hare Townfend, Efq, in 1792, fold all his eftates here to Mr. Smith. This feat is partly ancient and partly modern. Near the houfe, to the S. W. is a deep well, over which is an ancient brick tower, the upper part of which ferves as a dairy BULSTRODE, the feat of tlie Duke of Portland, four miles from Beaconsfield, is a noble houfe, containing fine apartments, and feme pi^lures by the heft mafters. The park is peculiarly fortunate in fituation, by means of contraft. The country adjoining is very flat, and has few of thofe elegant varieties which are pleaf- ing to the traveller 5 and yet this happy fpot contains not a level acre 5 BUS 4S acre; it is compofed of perpetual {wells and dopes, fet off by fca tered plantations, diipoied in the jufreft taiie, Biilftrode was fo merly the feat of a family of that name, the heirefs of which w: mother of Sir Bulftrode Whitlocke, a celebrated Statelman an Hiftorian. It belonged, afterward, to the infamous Lord Chai cellor Jefferies ; by whofe attainder it fell to the crown, and wj granted by King William to the did Earl of Portland. BURNHAM, a village in Bucks, four miles from Eton, hs once a nunnery, built by Richard, fon of King John. Part of tl building is now a farm-houfe, known by the name of Burnhai Ahhey. See Brltnvell Houfe and Dropmore Hill. BURNHAM, EAST, a village, about a mile from Burnhan Here is the pleafant feat of Captain Popple, now in the occupatic of Mr. Otteley ; and here alfo are the villas of Henry Sayer, Efc and Mr. Steven ion, BUR WOOD, fee iralton. BUSH HILL, a delightful fpot, in the parifh of Edmonton, miles from London. Here was formerly a wooden aquedu6I, c trough, 660 feet in length, for the conveyance of the water of tl New River, by obviating the inequality of the level. It was fuf ported by arches of various dimenficns, and was kept in repair ti 17S4, loon after which it was removed ; a new channel having bee contrived, by raifing the gi’ouiidon the iides, and making fecure err bankmenfs. The file of the wooden trough is within the pleafui grounds of John Blackburne, Efq. to which the new channel is conliderable ornament. Mr. Blackburne’s feat w^as the propert and rdidence of Sir Hugh Middleton, Baronet, the celebrated pre je6Ior of this river, who left it to his fon Simon. On BuOi Hill, adjoining Enfield Park, the feat of Samuel Cla}^ ton, Eiq. (and enclofing a part of his garden) are the remains of circular entrer.citment, by fome antiquaries fuppofed to have been Koman camp, and by others a Britifii entrenchments. BUSH BILL PARK, the feat of Mrs. Catherine Melli/b, : iikewife fitiiated on BuOn Hill, and cemmandsa plcafing profpeft tc ward Epping Foreft. In the hall, is a curious piece of carving i wood, bj the celebrated Gibbons, reprefenting the ftoning of S Stephen*, the archite6f oral parts are particularly fine. The pail which is ornamented by the beautiful windings of the New Rivei exhibits fome very pleafing feenery, and is faid to have beer orig: nally laid out by Le Notre, a celebrated French gardener. Near tl houfe is a fine clump of firs, called “ The Bifhops.” BUSHY, a village near W^arford, in Herts, adjoining to wh:c is a fpacious common, called Bufhy Heath, extending toward Star more. This heath rifes to a confiderable height, and affords a d( lightfui profpecf. On the one hand, is a view of St. Alban’s, an of all the fpace between, which appears like a garden ; the inclofe corn fields feem like one parterre; the thick-planted hedges refemh awildernefs; the villages interfperfed appear at a ditiance like multitude of gentlemen’s feats. To the fouth eaft is feen Wef minll< B Y F 4Q ir/imler AM^ey; to tlie fonth, Hampton-Comt, and on tlie f^uth well, Windfor, with the Thames winding through the moll beauti- ful parts of Middlefex and Surry*. BUSHY GROVE, is the refidence of Mr. Crook. Clay Hill in this parilh Is remarkable for the famous paflage of Edmond Iron- fide, when he routed Canute and the Danes at Brentford, in 1016. Bl/SHY PARK, a royal park, near Ham, ton -Court, well flocked with deer. The Duke of Clarence is iianger. See Hamp^ ton Wick. BUTLER’S Court, formerly called Gregories, the feat of the late Right Hon. Edmund Burke, at Beaconsfield, has great limi- larity in front to the Queen’s Palace, and is fituated in a country, where the profpedts are divcifified by a profufionof beautiful inclo- fures, a continual interchange of hills and vallies, and a number of beech and coppice woods. The apartments contain many excellent piclures, and fome valuable marbles. BYFLEET, a village near Cobham, In Surry, pn a branch of the river Wey. Here is a fine feat, the property of George Cham- berlaine, Efq- and refidence of Lady Young. Near Byfleet is Brook- lands, the I'eat of George Payne, Efq. There was formerly a joyal palace in this place Henry VIII. having been nurfed here. See Walton. * Bufliy feems to have been very unfortunate in its ancient own- ers. Its firll Norman prfieffor, Geolfrey de Mandeviiie, having incurred the Pope’s difpleafure, was obliged to be fufp^nded in lead, on a tree, in the precin6l of the Temple, London, becaufe chrlllian burial was not allowed to perfons undei fu:h circumflances* Edmond, of Woodflock, was beheaded through the vile ma- chinations of Queen liabella and her paramour Mortimer, on a fufpicion of intending to reflore his brother Edward II. to the throne; and fo much was he beloved by the people, and his perfe- cutors detefled, that he flood from one to five in the afternoon before an executioner could be procured, and then an outlaw from theMar- fliaifea performed the detefled duty. Thomas Duke of Surry, was beheaded at Cirencefler, in rebellion againfl Henry IV. Thomas de Montacute, Earl of Salifbury, after obtaining tiie higheft honor in the campaigns in France with Henry V. was killed by the fplinter of a v/indow frame driven into his face by a cannon ball, at the flege of Orleans. Richard, the flout Earl of Warwick, another poflcflbr, was killed at Barnet. George Duke of Clarence, was drowned in a butt of Malmfey. Richard III. was the next pofleL for. Lady Margaret de la Pole was beheaded at the age of 72, by the cruel policy of Henry VlII. in revenge for a fuppofed affront by her fon the cardinal. In this parifh alfo lived the infamous Col. Titus, who adviled Cromwell to deliver the nation from its yoke, in a pamphlet entitled “ Killing no Murder.” . F CAMBER- 50 € A N C. ^ AMBER WELL, in Sr.rry, two miles from London, an exten« ^ five parlflij including Peckham and Dulwich. See Gro^'e HUL CAMDEN PLACE, at Chiflehuril-, the feat of Earl Camden, formerly of Mr. Camden, the celebrated antiquary, who died here. It is now in the occupation of Mr. Alderman Lufliington. Over a well, in the lawm, the late Earl ere6led a celebrated piece of ar- chiteflure, called the Lantern of Demofthenes, on the fame fcale as the original. CAMPDEN HOUSE, a venerable ftru 61 :ure at Kenfington, was built, in 1612, by Sir Baptift Kickes, who had been a mercer in Cheapfide, and was afterward created Vifeount Campden. Here Qiieen Anne, when Princefs of Denmark, refided five years, with her fon the Duke of Gloucefer. The young Prince (whofe puerile amufements and purfuits were of a military calf) formed a regiment of boys, who were on conftantduty at Campden Houfe. This man- iion is the property of Stephen Pitt, Efq. a minor, and is now an eminent ladies boarding- fchool. In the garden is a remarkable caper tree, which has endured the open air of this climate for the greateft part of a century, and, though not within the reach of any artificial heat, produces fruit every year, CANNON HILL, the feat of James Law, Efq. at Braywick, in the parifh of Bray. It was the villa of the late Peter Dehr.e, Efq, Confiderable additions have been made to the houfe and offices by Mr. Law 5 and the grounds have been much enlai’ged, and laid out with great taRe. The views, in general, are rich, and in many parts, truly pi6liirerque, CANONBURY HOUSE, half a mile to the N. E, of Iflington church, is fuppofed to have been a manfion for the Prior of the Canons of St, Bartholomew in WYff Smiihfield, and thence to have received its name of Canonbury, that is Cations' Houfe, as Canons (the next article) had its name from belonging to the Canons of Bentley Priory. The ancient part of Canonbury Houfe is fup- poi'ed to have been built in the reign of Henry VIII. by William Bolton, the laft Priory his device, a bolt and tun, remaining in feveral parts of the garden wall. At the Diffiolution, it was granted to Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Effex*, on whofe attainder it reverted to the crown, and the divorced Queen Anne of C'eve, had an annuity of 20I. from this manor, toward her jointure. Edward YI, granted the manor to John Dudley, Eaii of Warwick, after- ward Duke of Northumberland, whofe ambition involved in ruin his own family, and his daughter in-law the excellent Lady Jane Grey. On his execution, it was granted to Sir John Spencer, Al- derman of London, commonly called “ Rich Spencer j” whofe only child married William fecond Lord Compton, afterward Earl of Noithampton : who appears, in confequence of this vaft acceffion of wealth, to have been in a ilat€ of temporary diflra^lion. In this family CANONS, 5-1 family the manor has continued ever fince. Great part of the old nianfion has been pulled down, and the iite is occupied by modeni houfes.' A brick tower, 17 feet fquare, and 58 high, remains j and the iniide retains great part of its primitive appearance. CANONS, the villa of Patrick 0 ‘Kel!y, Efq, in the parhli of Whitchurch, near Edgware. It is lurniflied with great ta(ie, and contains ibme good pnSures ; among which is an excellent one, By Stubbs, of the celebrated hurle Mafque, at the age ol 20. ;Som2 beautiful paddocks, contiguous to the houfe, are appropriated to the ufe of brood mares and their colts, as well as for the retreat of: forne famous race horfes. On the fite of this villa rofe and vanifhed, in the prefent century,, the palace creeled by tne firif Duke of Chandos, whole princely fpirit was i'uch, that the people in this neighbourhood ffill ftyle him, the Grand Duke.” The fhort time that intervened between the ere6Iion and demolition of this ftru6lure, affords fuch an inftance of the iniiability of human grandeur, that it merits , particular atten- tion. The Duke having accumulated a vaft fortune, as paymafter to the army, in Queen Anne’s reign, formed a plan of living in a ftate of regal fplendour, and, accordingly, ere6led this magnificeidt ffrublure, wliich, with its decoration and furniture, coft 250,090!.. The pillars of. the great hail v^ere of marble 5 as were the fteps of the principal ffaircafe, each flep confiiting of one piece, 22 feet long. The locks and hinges were of lilver or gold. The edablilhment of the houfehoid was not inferior to the fplendour of the habitation, and extended even to the ceremonies of religion. “ The chapel,” fays the author of A Journey through England, has a choir of .vocal and inilrumental muhe, as in the royal chapel; and, when his Grace goes to church, he is attended by his S^i/s guards*^ ranged as the yeomen of the guards ; his mufic alfo play when he is at table; he is ferved by gentlemen in the beft order; and I mud fay, that few German Sovereign Princes live with that magnificence, grandeur, and good order.” The Duke, indeed, had divine fervice performed with ail the aids that could be derived from vocal and inftrumentai mufic* He retained fome of the mod celebrated per- formers, and engaged the greated maders to compofe anthems and fervices, with indrumental accompaniments, after the manner of thofe performed in the churches of Italy. Near 20 of Handel’s anthems were compofed for this chapel ; and the morning and even- ing fervices were principally by Dr. Pepufeh. It is to be lam-ehted that Pope, by his fatire on the odentatloiis, but beneficent Chandos, has fubjefled himfelf to the imputation of This is explained by another padage in the fame work : “ At the end of each of his chief avenues, the Duke hath neat lodgings for eight old ferjeants of the army, whom he took out of Cheliea. College, who guard the whole, and go their rounds at night, and call the hour as the watchmen do at London, to prevent diforders ; and they n.vali upon the Duke to chapel on Sundeysd^ F 2, ingratitude ; 52 CANONS. ingrjttitiide ; if having been faid, that he was under great perfonal ©bligations to this nobleman. Bcfides, the ceniure in this fadre is »ot always founded on faff. For inliance: His gardens next your admiration call. On every fide you look, behold ike who left to his nephew. See Whitchurch. CANT’S HILL, the feat of Sir John Lade, Bart, at Burnham, a little to the N. W. of Britweil Houfe. Mrs. Hodges, the lali •pofiliTor, greatly improved it, which, with the additions made by Sir John, has rendered it a very defirable villa. CARSHALTON, a village in Surry, nine miles from London, lituate among innumerabie fprings, which form a river in the centre of the town, and joining other ftreams from Croydon and Bedding- ton, form the river Wandle. On the banks of this river are edab- lifhed feveral m.mufa 61 ories 5 the principal of which are the two paper mills of Mr. Curtis and Mr. Parch j Mr. Savignac’s mills for preparing leather and parchment 5 Mr. Filby’s for grinding logwood^ Mr. Shipley’s oil mills 5 Mr. Anfeli’s fnuff mills 5 and the bleaching-grounds of Mr. Reynolds and Mr. Cookfon. Here Dr. Ratciiife built a houfe, which afterward belonged to Sir John Fellows, who added gardens and curious water- works. It is now the leat of John Hodfdon Durand, Efq. who has 'another capital manfion in the neighbourhood. Here alfo is the feat of the Scaweii family, which was fold to George Taylor, Efq. for lefs money than was expended' on the brick wall of the park. It is now the pro- perty of William Andrews, Ei’q. CASHiOBURY PARK, near Watford, in Herts, 15 miles from London, is laid to liave been the feat of the Kings of Mercia,, till Ofia gave it to the monailery of St. Alban’s. Henry VIII. bellowed the manor on Richard Morifon, Efq. from whom it palled to Arthur Lord Capel, whole defcendant, the Earl of ElTex, has here a noble feat in the form of an H, with a park adorned with fine woods and walks, planted by Le Notre. The front faces Moor Park. A little below the houfe is a river, which winds through the park, and I’uppiies a magnificent lake. The front and one hde of the houfe are modern 5 the other fides are very ancient. CECIL LODGE, near Abbot’s Langley, one of the feats of the Marquis of Saliibury, purchaled by his iord/liip, for his reridence,^ during the life time of his father. It is now in the occupation of Lady Talbot. . CHALFONT, St. PETER’s, a village in Bucks, 21 miles, from London, in the road to Ayiefbury. Chalfont Houfe is the feat of Thomas Hibbert, Efq. In this paridi are alfo the following re- hdences ; Orchard Hill, Thomas Ludhy, Efq. the Grange, Capt. HuiTcy3 tiie Vicarage, Rev. Dr. Chalmers 3 and 'che feat of Robert Fri-ibys-Elq. CHALFONT, St, GILES’S, two miles farther, was the red', dence of Milton, during the plague in London, in 1665. The dence or Sir Hugh Dalrymple, Bart. Mr. Haliett, it muft be.ob-. ferved, had raifed them a Itory higher, that he might fit them up for gentlemen 5 but neither their lituation nor appearance, at pre-, fcnt; befpeak the habitations of opuienf gentility* 3 houfe^ 54 CHE houfe, in all probability, from its appearance, remains nearly In its original ftate. It was taken for him by Mr. Elwood, the (^aker, who had been recommended to our blind Bard as one that would read Latin to him for the benefit of his converfation. Here Elwood firft faw a complete copy ofParadife Loft, and having perufed it, faid, “ Thou haft faid a great deal on Paradife Loft, but what haft thou to fay to Paradife Found ?” This queftion fiiggefted to Milton the idea of his Paradife Regained. Near this place Sir Henry Tho- mas 6ott has a feat called Newland Park, and the late Admiral Sir Hugh Pallifer, Bart, a feat called the Vatch, now the property of James Grant, Efq. Bell Houfe is the refidence of Kender Mafon, fifq. the Stone Houfe of Charles Molboy, Efq. and the Re6lory of the Rev. Mr. Morgan Jones. CHARLTON, a village in Kent, on the edge of Blackheath, famous for a fair on St. Luke’s day, when the mob wear horns on their heads. It is called Horn Fair, and horn wares of all forts arc fold at it. Tradition fays, that King John, hunting near Charlton, was feparatetl from his attendants, when, entering a cottage, he found the miftrefs alone. Her hufband difeoverd them, and threat- ening to kill them, the King was forced to difeover himfelf, and to purchafe his fafety with gold ; befide which, he gave him all the land thence as far as Cuckoldfs Point,' and eftabliH-ed the fair as the tenure, A fermon is preached on the fair-day, in the church, James I. granted the manor to Sir Adam Newton, Bart, (preceptor to his fon Henry) who built h.re a Gothic Houfe. On the outfide of the wall Is a long row of fome of the oldeft cyprefs trees in Eng- land. Behind the houfe are laige gai dens, and beyond thele a fmiill park, which joins Woolwich Common. It is the feat of General Sir Thomas Spencer Wilfon, Bart. Her Royal Highnefs the Princefs of Wales makes Charlton her conftarxt country refidence. See Morden College. CHART PARK, near Dorking, the beautiful feat and pleafure- grounds of Mrs* Cornwall, CHEAM, a village in Surry, between Sutton and Ewel. The manor-houfe of Eaft Cheam, the feat of Philip Antrobus, Efq. is an ancient ftru 61 itre. In the church, in Lumley’s Chancel, is the monument of Jane Lady Ltimley, who died in 1577. She tranf- lated the Iphigenia of Euripides, and feme of the orations of Ifo- crates, into Englifh, and one' of the latter into Latin. It is remark- able, that of fi3^ fuccefiive Refers of Cheam, between 1581, and 2662, five became Biftiops 5 namely, Anthony Watfon, of Chichefter, Lancelot Andrews, Bilhop of Winchefter, George Mountain, Archbiftiop of York, Richard Senhoufe, Eirhop of Car- lifie, and John Racket, Bifhop of Lichfield and Coventry. See Nonfucb, CHELSEA, a village in Middlefex, fcated on the Thames, two milesftrom London. It extends almoft to Hyde Park Corner,, and includes a confiderable part of Knightfbridge. At the upper end of Cheyne Walk, is the epifeopai palace of Winchefter, pin chafed by CHELSEA. 55 3.61 of PaHiament, In 1664, on the alienation of the demefnes be- joiit^ing to that fee in Southwark and Bid^op’s Waltham, — In the place called the Stable Yard, is a houfe, which was the refidence of Sir Robert Walpole. It is now the property of George Aufrere, Efq. v/ho has here a fine colie^lion of pictures, among which may be particularly noticed the Seven Works ol Mercy, Sebahian Bour- don 5 two landfcapes, G. Pouflin; portrait of a pirate, Gorgione 5 St. Caiharine, Corregioj and a Holy Family, Titian. The gar- dens are very beautiful j and, in an o 61 agon iummer houfe, is Ber- nini’s famous datue of Neptune.— -Lord Cremorne has an elegant villa on the Thames, with a good collection of piClures, among which are feveral pieces by F«-rgj a portrait of Gcilcr, Vandyck 5 and the Earl of Arlington and rl rnily, Netfcher. Here is aifo a beautiful window of ftained glafs by Jarvis. It confiUs of about pieces 5 the fubjeCIs, landfcapes, lea- pieces, Gothic buildings, See. In the latter, the efrecl of the fundi ine through the windows is admirably well managed.— Near Lord Cremorne’s, is the villa of Lady Mary Coke, formerly the property of Dr. lioadley, author of The Sufpicious Hulband. The great Sir Thomas More redded in this paridi, and his man- fton-houfe, which (according to Mr. Lyfons, Vol. II. p. 83.) hood at theN. end of Beaufort Row, Vv^as inhabited afterward by many iiludiious charaCIei s. It is laid, that Sir Thoanas was buried in the church j but this is adifputed faCl, However there is a monument to his memory, and that of his two wives, with a long Latin in- fci iption written by himfelf. In the church-yard is the monument of Sir Hans Sloane, Bart, founder of the Britilh Mufeurn j and on the S. W. corner of the church, is affixed a mural monument to the memory of Dr. Edward Chambeilayne, with a punning Latin epi- taph, which, for its quaintnefs, may detain the reader s attention. In the church is a dill more curious Latin epitaph on his daughter j from which we learn, that on the 30th of June, 1690, die fought. In men’s clothing, fix hours, againd the Frdnch, on board a fire- ihip, under the command of her brother. In 1673, the company of Apothecaries took a piece of ground at Chelfea, by the fide of the Tiiame^, and prepared it as a botani- cal garden. Sir Hans Sioane (who had lludied his favourite fei- ence there, about the time of its fird eltabiiffiment) when he pur- chafed the manor, in 1721, granced the freehold of the premifes to the company, on condition that tiiey Ihouid prefciit annualiy to the Royal Society 50 new plants till the number fhomd amount to 2000. In 1733, company ere6fed a mtuble liatue of tlieir benefador, by Ryfbrack, in the centre of the garden. On the N. fide of the garden is a fpacious greenhoufe, 110 feet long, oyer wl.ich is a li- brary, containing a large collection or botanical works, and numer- ous fpecimens of dried plants. On the S. fide are tw’o cedars of Libanus, of large growth, and very fingtilar form. They weie planted in 1685, being then three feet high j and, in 1793, the girth 56 CHELSEA HOSPITAL. cf the larger, at three feet from the ground, was iz feet i if inches 5 that of the fmailer, iz feet and f of an inch. The Chelfea water- works were conftru6led in 172^, m which year the proprietors were incorporated. A canal was then dug from the Thames, near JRanelagh, to Pimlico, where there is a fteam en- gine to ralfe the-water into pipes, which convey it to Chelfea, die refervoirs in Hyde Park and the Green Park, to Weftminfter, and various parrs of the VV. end of the town. The office of the pro- 'prietors is in Abingdon Street, Weff minder. In Clieyne Walk, is a famous coffee-houfe, firft opened in 1695, by one Salter, a barber, who drew the attention of the public by the eccentricity of his condiitd, and by furniffiing hlshoufe with a large co'icAiion of natural and other curiofities, which (fill remain in the coffee-room, where printed catalogues are fold, with the names of the principal benfa6fors to the coiie6fion. Sir Hans Sloane con. tribufed largely out of the fuperfluities of his own mufeuin. Ad- miral Munden, and other officers, wiio had been much on thecoaits of Spain, enriched it with many curiofities, and gave the owner the name of Don Saltero, by which he is mentioned more than once in the Tatkr, particularly in No. 34. In the hamlet of Little Chelfea, the Earl of Shaftfbury, author of the Chara6teriftics, had a houfe in which he generally refidtd during the fitting of Parliament. It was purchafed, in 1787, by the parifh of Sl George, Hanover Square, as an additional workhojufe^ that parifh extending over great part of Chelfea. On the fte of a once celebrated manufa6fory of porcelain (in an old manfion by the water fde) has been a manufa6lory of ffained paper, ftamued after a peculiar manner, the invention of MefTrs. Eckhardts, who likewife edabliOied at V/hiteiands Houfe, in 1791, a new and beautiful man 11 failure of painted filk, varnithed linen, cloths, paper, icc. Near the King’s Road, is TriquePs manu- fa^^tory of artificial ftone, and that of fire-proof easthen ftoves, kitchen ware, &c. carried on by Johanna Hempel, widow, who is aifo patentee of the artificial filtering flones. See RaneJagb, CHELSEA HOSPITAL, for invalids in the land fervice, was begun by Chailes II. and completed by William III. The firft projeHor of this magnificent itruAure was Sir Stephen Fox, grand- father to the Right Hon. Charles James Fox. “ He could not bear,” he faid, to fee the common foldiers, who had fpent their ftrength in our fervice, reduced to beg and to this ftruHure he contributed 135000I, It was built by Sir Chriftopher ^Vren, on the fite of an old college which had efeheated to the crown.. This royal hofpital Hands at a fmall diilance from the Thames. It is built of brick, except the quoins, cornices, pediments, and columns, which are of free-flone. The principal building confifts of a large quadrangle open on the S. fide 5 in the centre Hands a bronze Hatue of Charles II. in a Pmman habit, wh:ch coH 500I. and was given by Mr. Tobias EuHat* The eaH and weft iides, eacL CHEHTSBY. 57 each 365 feet in length, are principally occupied hy wards for the penlioners , and, at the extremity of the farmer, is the Governor’s houl’e. In the centre of each of thefe wings, and in that of the IsJ. front, are pediments of free-ilone, fupported by columns of the Doric order. In the centre of the S. iront is a portico fupported by firnilar columns j and, on each fide, is a piazza, on the frize of which is this inlcription: “ In fubhdium & levamen emerltoruni ilnio heiloque fra (51 or urn, condidit Carolus Secundus, auxit Jacobus Secundus, prefecere Giilielmus & Maria Rex & Regina, 1690,’’ The internal centre of this building is occupied by a large velti- bule, terminating in a dome. On one fide is the chapel, the altar piece of which, reprefenting the alcenhon of our Saviour, was painted by Sebadian Ricci, The hall, where the penfuniers dine, is lituated on the oppofite fide of the vedibule. It is of the fame dimenfions as the chapel, j 10 feet in length 5 and, at the upper end, is a pi6liire of Charles IL on horfeback, the gift of the Earl of Raneiagh. The whole length of the principal building*, from eafi to wed, is 790 feet ; a wing having been added to each end of the N. dde^of the great quadrangle, which forms part of a fmaller court, Thefe courts are occupied by various, offices, and the infirmaries* The latter are kept remai kably neat, and fupplied with hot, cold, and vapour baths. To the N. of the college is an inclofure of 23 sicres, planted with avenues of limes and hoife-chdhuU 5 and, to- wards the S. are extenfive gardens. The ordinary number of in-penfioners is 336, who are provided with an uniform of red lined with blue, lodging, diet, and eight- pence a v/etk. The various fervants of the hofpital, among whom are 26 nurfes, make the whole number of it's inhabitants 55c, The number of out-penfioners is unlimited ; their allowance is 7!, I2S, 6d. a year '. there are now upward of 21,000, who are dif- perfed all over the three kingdoms, exerciffng their various occupa- tions, but liable to perform garrifon duty, as invalfi companies, in time of war. ^ The annual expence of the houfe effablifhment, in- cluding the falaries of the officers, and all incidental charges, varies from 25,000 to 28,000!. This, with the allowances to the out- penfioners, Is defrayed by a fuin annually voted by Parliament, and which in 1794, was 151,74.2!. 5s. |od, CHERTSEY, a market-town in Surry, 20 miles from London. Here, fays Camden, Julius Cselar crofled theThasres, when he ffr ff; attempted the conqueff ot Britain ; but Mr. Gough, in his addi- tions to the Britannia, has advanced fome arguments againit this opinion. Here was once an abbey, in which was depofited the corpfe of Henry VI. afterward removed to Windfor. Out of the ruins of this abbey, (ail that remains of which is the ou:er wall of tiie cir- cuit) Sir Henry C.u'ew, inaffer of the buck- hounds to Charles II. built a fine houfe, which now belongs to Mr. Weilcn. On the fide of St. Anne's Hill, is the feat of the Right Hon. Charles Jamts Fox, vidth a capital coileCtion of paintings by the ffrfl rnaf- ters^ 'I 58 CMESHUNT. " ; ters, and other well fele< 5 \ed curiofities 5 at the bottom oF the gar-; den, through a romantic avcniie, is the grotto, a neat fti u<5lure, ^ finiflied in 1790. The dairy is lined with white tiles edged with green 5 the dreffers and hands are of rtiashle, liipported by dated ' green and white pillars. The green houle is very handfoine, and fupported alFo by pillars, It is ftored with a fplendid collection of : odoriferous plants and flowers. The lawn, as well as the different parts of the pleafure grounds are pleafingly interfpeiTed v^ith da- tues deferiptive of heathen mythology,, vvhich have a claflic effedl 5 ' in fine, St. Anne’s Hill fonns a completely charming retreat, worthy the refidence of its prefent honounible ov/ner. On this dull, ^ which commands a beautiful profpedl:, is ftill part of the flone wall of a chapel dedicated to St. Anne, Not far from this hill -is Monk’s Grove, near v/hich was difeovered a once celebrated medi- cinal fpring. It was loft for a confaderabk time, but has bCen found , again. The bHdge at Chert fey w^as built in i7S5,byMr. Paine, , It confids of feven arches, each formed of the fegnlent of a circle, and is built of Purbeck done, at the expence* of ^3,dQoI. The ori- ginal contra6I v/as for 7,500!, In 1773, in digging a vault. In the chancel of the church, a leaden coflin was difeovered, containing the body of a woman in very high prefervaticn. The face appeared perfeCdy fj efli, tind the ; lace of tilt linen found. As 'the church was built with the abbey, in the time of the Saxons, it is ruppofed that the body mull haVe been depofited there before the Conquell. ^ To this place Cowley, the po^t, retired ; and h^re he ended nis days, in a houfe called the Porch Houfe, now belonging to Mr. Al- F derman Clark. His fhidy is a clofet in the back part of the houfe, j • toward the garden. In this retreat, as Bp. Sprat exprelTes it, j fome few friends and books, a chearful heart, and an innocent | confcience, were his conilant companions.” j CHESHUNT, a village, once a market -town, 13 miles from London, is iituated in an extenfive paridi and maifor, which were once in the pofl'efiTion of John of Gaunt, fourth fon of Edward III. afterward of Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond, natural fon of Henry VIII. and the prefent proprietor of the grearelt part of the manor is Sir George William Prefcott, Bart. The manor of St. Andrew le Mot was granted by Henry VIII, to Cardinal Wolfey, who is fuppofed to have refided in Chelhiint Houfe, a plain brick hru6lure, a'moll entirely rebuilt fince his time, but dill furreundta by a moat. The people here mention fome cir- j cumilances very unfavourable to the.,chara6ler of his eminence, but which we do not think it right to relate, without belter evidence j than that of village tradition. His boundlels ambition, rapacity, j and oftentation, have fixed an odium on his memory, which it is unnecefiary to heighten by the imputation of infatiable lull and in- human afiafiination. This manor is the property of Sir John Shaw, Bart. See Efier, Cjiclhunt Nunnery, the feat of Mrs, Blackwood, was a nimnery, a final i C H I dQ , fmall part of which remains. The inflJe of it has been modern- zed, and is now ufed for a kitchen : the other parts the houfc lave been built at different times, but the apartments are modern uid elegant. They contain an excellent coileftion of paintings 5 nnong which is a remarkable one by three different mailers j the buildings, by Viviani ^ the figures, by Miel 5 and the back-ground, by Claude. The river Lea forms a canal in the front of the houfe^ and a beautiful vida is terminated by a view of Waltham Abbey, and the woodland hills of Eflex, At Chefliunt, Richard Cromwell, the Prote 61 or, fpent many years of a venerable old age 5 a ftriking leOon, how much obfcurity and peace are to be preferred to the i’plendid infelicities of guilty ambition. He affumed the name of Clark, and firil refided, in 1680, in a hoiife near the church : and here he died, in 1712, in his Soth year 5 enjoying a good flate of health to the laff, and fo hale and hearty, that, at fourfcoi e, he would gallop his horfe for many miles together. Here is ailb a college for qualifying fiudents for the ininiftry, in that dais of cliriftians, denominated Methodifts; See Thechalils, CHEVENING, a village of Kent, 21 miles from London, in I the road to Sevenoaks. Here is the feat of Earl Stanhope, a hand- fbme modern ftrudure, fron'ed with ffiicco. The manor having been in the feveral pofieffon of De Chevening, Ifley, and Lennard, the daughters of Thomas Lord Lacre, Earl of Sudex, who fold the Avhole to the great Earl Stanhope, anceflor of the prefent owner. I , CHEYNEYS, between Flaunden and Rickmanfworth, has been the. feat of the Ruffels, Dukes ot Bedford, above 200 years, and is ffill theii- burying place, adorned with noble monuments. CHIGWELL, a village in EfUx, miles from London, on the road to Ongar, Here is a free-fehooi endowed by Abp. Harf- nett, who had been vicar of this place. He was buried in the church ; and, over his grave, was his figure in brafs, as large as the life, dreffed in his robes, with his mitre and crofier. This, for the better prefervation of it, has fince been ere< 51 ed upon a pedefial in the chancel. Here is Rolls, the feat of Eliab Harvey, Efq. Brownings, belonging to John Sotheby, Efq. and Woolfton-Kall, the refidence of Robert Boclle, Efq. CHINKFORD, a village near Woodford, in Elfex, fo agreeably fituate for retirement, that the mod: remote diftance from the metro- polis can hardly exceed it. CHIPSTEAD-PLACE, two miles from Sevenoaks, the ancient feat of Charles Polhil, Efq. CHISLEHURST, a village near Bromley, in Kent, iij miles from London, was the birth-place of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper, father of the great Viicount St. Alban’s 5 and Sir Francis Waifingham. Here aUb lived and died the great antiquary, Cam- den. In this panfh, near St, Mary’s Cray, is Frognal, the feat of Vifcount Sidneys and, oppahte Bertie Place, are the villa and park of Mr. Twycrofs. See Bertie Place and Camden Place, CHISWICK^ 60 • CHISWICK. CHISWICK, a village in Midcilefex, 6 miles from Lonrlc feated on the Thames, near the road to Hoiinflow. In the churc yard is a monument to the memory of Hogarth j on which are t following lines by Garrick : Farewell, great painter of mankind, Who reach’d the nobleft point of art ; Whole pl6hir’d morals diarm the mind. And through the eye correfl: the heart! r- IF genius fire thee, reader, ftay ; If nature move thee, drop a tear ; If neither toucli thee, turn away 5 For Hogarth’s honour’d duft lies here. Near this is the tomb of Dr, W’illiam Rofe, who died in 178 and was many years a diftinguifhed writer in the Monthly Reviev On this are infcribed the following lines, by Mr. Murphy: Who’er thou art, with filent footfteps tread The hallow’d mould where Rofe reclines his head. Ah ! let not folly one kind tear deny, But penfive pauFe where truth and honour lie. His the gay wit that fond attention drew, Oft iieard, and oft admir’d, yet ever new ; The heart that melted at another’s grief, The hand in fecret that bedow'd relief j Science untincfur’d by the pride of fchools, And native goodnefs free from formal rules, Witl'i zeal, through life, he toil’d in Learning’s caufe. But more, fair Virtue ! to promote thy laws. Kis ev’ry a 61 icn fought the nobleff end; The tender hufband, father, brother, friend. Perhaps, ev'n now, from yonder realms of day. To his lov’d relatives he fends a ray ; Pleas’d to behold affe^lions, like his own, W’lth fliai duty raife this votive ftone. In the church is another epitaph by Mr. Murphy, on John Ayto Thorapfon, a youth of fifteen : If in the morn of life each winning grace, The converfe fweet, the mind- illumined face. The lively wit that charm'd with early art, And mild afFe6Hons ftreaming from the heart ; If thefe, lov’d youth, could check the hand of fate, Thy matchlefs worth had claim’d a longer date. But thou art bleff, while here we heave the figh ; Thy death is virtue wafted to the fky. Yet ftili thy image fond affe6lion keeps, The lire remembers, and the mother weeps ; Still the friend grieves, who faw thy vernal bloom, And here, fad talk ! inicribes it on thy tomb. CHISWICK. 6i , In the cbnrch, in the Earl of Burlington’s vault, is interred the illuftrious Kent, a painter, architect,- and the father of modern gar- \ clening. In 1685, Sir Stephen Fox (grandfather of the Right Honour- able Charles James Fox) built a villa here, with which King Wil- liam was fo pieafed, that he is faid to have exclaimed to the Earl of Portland, on his iirft viiit, This place is perfectly fine: I could live here five days.” This was his ufual expreflion when he was much pieafed with a fituation ; and he is faid never to have paid the fame compliment to any other place in England, except to the Earl of Exeter’s at Burleigh. It is now the property and refidence of Robot Stevenfon, Efq. See Gro^e Houfe, and^urnh 2?n Green^ CHISWICK-HOUSE, a celebrated feat of the Duke of Devon- fhire, built by the great Eari of Burlington, Before the prelent Itrufture was railed, here was a plain, commodious budding, with good offices, but part of this edifice hav ng been deiiroyed by fire, the Earl formed the- plan of the beautiful villa we are defcribing, which, for elegance of tade, is fuppofed to furpafs eVery thing of its kind in England, ICcnt was the aichue^l, under his Lord Hi ip’s im- mediate direHion. This houfe,” fays Mr. Walpole, the idea of Which is bor- rowed from a well-known villa of Palladio, is a model of taffc, though not w^ithout faults, fome of which are occafioned by too ffri6f adherence to rules and fymmetry. Such are too many cor- refponding doors in fpaces fo contra61td ; chimnies between win- dows, and, which is worfe, windows between chimnies j and veffi- biiles, however beautiful, yet little fecured from the damps of this climate. The truffes that fupport the ceiling of the corner draw- ing-room, are beyond meafure maffive j and the ground apartment is rather a diminutive catacomb than a library in a northern lati- tude. Yet thefe blemifhes, and Lord Hervey’s wit, who faid the houfe was too ffnail to inhabit, and too large to hang to one’s v/atch,” cannot depreciate the talfe that reigns throiigliout the whole. The iarga* court, dignified by pi6liirefque cedars, and the clafllc feenery of the Ifnall court that iinues the old and new houfe, are more worth feeirg than many fragments of ancient grandeur, which our travellers vifit under ail the dangers attendant on long voyages.'- The garden is in the Italian tafte, but divdted of conceits, and far preierable to every Eyle that reigned till our late improvements. The buildings are heavy, and not equal to the purity of the houfe. The lavifn quantity of urns and fculp- ture behind the garden front fhould be retrenched.” Such were the ientiments of Mr. Walpole on this celebrated villa, before the noble proprietor attempted the capital improvements which he has completed. Two wings have been added to the houfe, from the tiefigns of Mr. Wyatt. I hefe remuve the ob- jedions that have been made to the houfe as more fanciful and beau- tiful than convenient and habitable. I he Italian garden diipiays the beauties of modern planting ; and Ibme of the fombre yews, with the termini, and other pieces of fculpture, have beeniYmow d. G The CHISWICK. 62 The court in the front, which is of a proportionable fize with the building, is gravelled and kept in the neateft order. The afcent to the houfe is by a gi and double flight of fteps, on one ftde of which is the flatne of Palladio, and on the other, that of Inigo Jones, The portico is fuppoi ted by fix fine fluted columns of the Corinthian order, with a very elegant pediment 5 the cornice, frizes, and architrave, being as rich as pofiible. In fa^ ^ould not be to his executors a cauje of damnation.'''' Such was the folicitude of- this munificent prelate for the fuccefs of his foundation. The manor has belonged, ever fince the Conquelt, to the Abps. of Canterbury ; and here is a venerable palace, in which the firtt prelate that can be traced as refident was Abp. Peckham in 1278, and the lalt, Abp. Hutton in 1757. In 1780, an a(l:l of Parliament was obtained, empowering certain triillees to felltlie old palace, and to build a new one at Park. Hall Farm, half a mile from the town. The old palace was fold, purfuant to the a6I, to the iaie Sir Abraham Pitches, for 2500I. and the premifes are now oc- cupied by a calico-printer, a tanner, and a pelt-monger. What reflc6Iions mult this fuggelt on the viciflitudes of our fublunary fcenel in this palace, now devoted to fuch ignoble ufes, Abp. Par- ker, in 1573, entertained Qiaeen Elizabeth, and all her retinue, con- * General Oglethorpe died here, in 1785, at the very advanced age of 103, after having lived to fee his colony of Georgia, in North America, which he fettled in 1732, ^become independent of the mother country. filling BAR 71 filling of the principal noh*Htv of the kingdom. This magnificent entertainment laited feven days. The parifh church, which is a handfome Gothic dru6lure, contains foine dne momiment^ 5 among which are tliofe of the Arch ifiiops Grindall, Whitgift, an ! Shel- don : the dgure of the laft, in a recumbent pollure, is a very fine piece of fcuipture, in white marble. Here are likewife the tombs of Archbiiliops Wake, Potter and Herring. See Crajfon/, In this parifh, at North End, is Oakfield Place, the leat of Ro- bert Smith, Efq. and near the town are the handfome villas of the Hon. Richard Walpole, Samuel Beachcroft, Efq. and Thomas Walker, Elq. About a mile from the town, in the road to Adding- ton, is a large chalk-pit, which produces a great variety of extra- neous fodiis. See Addifcomhe Place and Haling Houfe^ AGENHAM. a village In ElTex, 9 miles from London, re- markable for the great breach made here by the Thames, in 1703, which laid near 5000 acres of land under water. After many expenfive projeils to ilop this breach, the land owners relin- quiflied the undertaking as impra6licable. In 1714, Parliament interfered, and truftees were appointed, who, the next year, con- tra^ed with Captain John Perry, who had been employed by the C^ar Peter the Great, in his works on the river Don. He accom- pliflied the arduous undertaking in lefs than two years, for 25,000!. the film agreed upon. DAGNAM PARK, in the parifh of Southweald, near Brent- wood, the feat of Sir Richard Neave, Bart. DANSON-HILL, at Bexley, in Kent,* the elegant feat of Sir John Boyd, Bart. The grounds are beautifully difpofed, and adorned with a grand fheet of water, 5 which, with wQods, planta- tions, and agreeable inequalities of furface, compofe a delightful fcene. DARENT, a river in Kent, which rlfes near RIverhead, and falls into the Thames below Hartford. Pope thus celebrates this river : And filent parent, Rained with Danlfh blood, DARENT, pronounced Darne, a village in Kent, miles foiith of Darttbrd. Darent originally belonged to the church of RocheRer, afterward to Canterbury ; Hubert Walter, ArchbiOiop, exchanged it for the manor of Lambeth, and Henry VIIL confirmed it to the newly ere6fed Dean and Chapter of Rociiefter, who are now lords of the manor, impropriators of the re6lory, and patrons of the vicarage. Darent church is of Saxon archite^ure 5 on the front is carved the hiftory of St. Diinflan, a defcription of which, for the fatisfa6Hon of the curious, v^e (hall be particular in. It confifts of eight cornpartments— in the iR is reprefented King Edgar, who raifed DimRan to the Archbifhopric. The 2nd reprdents Satan D under DAT 72 under the fimiHfucjle of a dragon, illuftratlveof one of the Saint’s con- fli6is ; tlie Saint is reprefented playing on a harp, which, as his legenc informs us, had this miraculous power, that when fnfpended or the walls of DuniVan’s ce)I, would, without the impofition of an) vilible hand, pr iir out the moft harmonious founds. The 4th repre- fents a centaur, by wlfich is meant the Evil Spirit, wlien, with his barking dogs, he inren u} ted St. Dunftan, whilft a lad, hahening to a church to return thanks lor a fuppofed miraculous recvveiy, and whom the tripling, by brandifhlng his flick in the face of the op- pofing fpe6lrc, routed with all his pack. The 5th reprcfents the horfe on which tlie Saint rode, miraculoufly ftnick dead wd'jen the voice from heaven informed the Saint, that King Edred, whom he was going to comfort in his laft moments, was dead. The 6th re- prefents the Fox or the Wolf, under which forms it is faid the devil tempted him. The 7th has the human form, with the face of a lion or bear; this denotes the Oiarp encounter the Saint had with the Devil under one of thefe forms, in beating of whom he broke his pafloral flaff. The Sih is faid to apply to an anecdote of the birth of King Etheired II. who having dehied the facred font at baptifm, the S:rint prophetically denounced with an oath, as moft unfortunate through life. DARTFORD, a market-town in Kent, 15 miles from London, on the Parent. Here are the remains of a nunnery, founded by Edward "ill. Bridget, daughter of Edward IV. was priords hese ; and many ladies of noble families were nuns in this houfc. At the difTolutlon, Henry VIII. converted It into a royal manfion, anti granted the ofkce ot keeper of it to Sir Richard Long. On his death, Edward IV^. granted the fame ofHce to Lord Seymour, the unfortunate brother of the unfortunate Duke of Somerfet. It was granted, the next year, to Anne of Cleve, the divorced wile of Henry VIII.; and, on her death, Queen Mary granted it to the Friars Preachers of Langley in Hei ts. Elizabeth kept it in her own hands; but James I. gjanted it to the Earl of Salifbuiy. He conveyed it to Sir Robert Darcy, who gave to it tlie name of Dart- ford Place. What remains of this ininnery is only a fine gateway, ufed as a flable, and a contiguous farm-houfe. Henry Vi. founded an almfhcufe at Dartford for five decrc-pid men. On the river, the hrft paper-mill in England was ere6led by Sir John Spil- man, who obtained a patent, and 2.0c 1 . a year, from Charles I. to enable him to carry on that manufaclure ; and on this river was alio the firil mill for flitting iron bars for making wire. Here is a church, with two churchyards; one round the church, and the other on the top of a hill, inch is fo high that it overlooks the tower ot the church. The rtbeHicn of Wat T)ler began in this town. DAl'GHEiT, a village in Bucks, on the Thames, between Eton and St;, ines, 1 he wooden bridge here is decaying lo tall, that it is intended to build one ot iteme. Below this brid.^e, the banks of the river are mrichtd with bandfome villas, wduch com- mand a hue view of Wmdlor Cable, ^c. See Ditton Pei'>k, DLEPDEN, D E F 73 1 DEEP DEM, near Dorkhig, Is In a valley, furrounded i l)y deep hills. In the lad century, Mr. Charles Howard, who Lj here arnnfed binhelf with cbemilhy and other philofophical ie- ' fearches, planted the level ground aV)oiit the houle with a vaiiery ol: •' exotics. The hills were covered with trees on every hde, excepting t the fouth afpeCt, which was planted with vines , and Ibrne toler- > able good wine was made here, though the hill is ib deep, that it is I difficult to afeend it: but the vineyard is no more. On the fummlt ' of the hill is a fummer houfe, from v?hich, in a clear day, the Tea, ! over the fouth downs, near Arundel, may bedifeerned. This ro- ! I inantic fpot defeended to the late Duke of Norfolk, who pulled down the old houfe, and built a hand feme one in its dead. The >; offices being ccnfiderably lower than the houfe, the communication i I between them is fabterraneous. The late Duchefs was very fond t of the gardens, and formed here a hermitage, with all the humble 1 ' requilites for a holy anchorite. In the gardens, on the fsdes of the 1 I hill, are feveral natural caverns. Thepiefent Duke fold the place, ; i in 1791, to the late Sir William Burrell, Bart, whole lady refides t I here. t I DENBIGHS, near Dorking, was remarkable for Its gardens, ! hid out in a lingular ftyle, by Jonathan Tyers, Efq. the firft propri* , ! etor of Vauxhall, of that name. It is now in the polTcffion of Jofeph Denlfon, Efq. Among other lingularities, Mr. Tyers ; j had contrived ** The Valley of the Shadow of Death.”* The i I view, on a delcent into this gloomy vale, was awful. There was a I I large alcove, divided into two compartments, in one of which the ; ! Unbeliever was reprelented dying in great agony. Near him were i 1 his hooks, v/hich encouraged him in his libertine courle, fuch as s j Hobbes, Tindal, &c. In the other, was the good Chrifeian, calm f and ferene, taking a folemn leave of the world, and anticipating e i the joj's of immortality. r *i DeNHAM, a village.in Bucks, near Uxbridge, in which is the g I feat and park of Benjamin Way, Elq. Here alfo is Denham Court, . ! the property of Sir William Bowyer, Bart, now let to Henry Hugh , I Hoare, Efq. [11 DENMARK HILL, a fine bilinear Camberwell, in the road , from that village to Dulwich. It commands fome pleafing prof- pe 51 s, and, on that account, fome handfome houfes have lately been O ' ereCted on it, b j DEPTFORD, anciently called Weft Greenwich, a large town !, in Kent, divided into Upper and Lower Deptford. It is feated on II I the Thames, 3I miles from London, and is remarkable for its iC noble dock-yard, ^ in which a great number of hands are employed. It lias a wet dock of two acres, and another of an acre and a half, 11 j with quantities of timber, extenfive horehoufes, See, Here the , 1 royal yachts are generally kept 5 and here is the manpr of Say's iC ! Court, the property of Sir Frederic Evelyn, Bart. The manor- i. I houfe was the feat of his anceftor, John Evelyn, Efq. a celebrated I natural philofopher of the laft century, and the refulence alfo of the i, - . H Czar 74 BOW Czar Peter the Qreat, diirir.g the time that he worked as a fhip- wj-ight in the yard. But this houfe (which ftiil exlits in e^very ac- count of Deptford hithei^to piibltfhed) has been demoHdied many years 5 and on its fite now Hands the workhoufe of the parilh of St. N'cholas. In Deptford are the two paj iflies of St. Nicholas and St. Paul, and two hofpitals, one of which Vv^as incorporated by Henry VIII. and is called Trinity Houfe of Deptford Strond : it contains 21 houfes, and is fituated near the church. The other, called Trinity Hofpital, has 38 houfes. Both thefe houfes are for decayed pilots or raafters oi fiiips, or their widows, the men being allowed 20s. and the women 16s. a month. N. W. of the towm is the Red Houfe, a colle^lion of warehoufes and ftorehoufes, built of red bricks, whence it had its name. See Wation* DER HAM PARK, the feat of Clniftopher Bethel, Efq. two miles N. W. of Barnet, in the paritli of Hadley, htiiate on an emi- nence, in a fmali valley, and fuirounded, at a little dlftance, by high hills. At the entrance of the extenfive park is a magnihcent gateway, which cod 2oooi. DITTON PAKK, the feat of Earl Beaulieu, in the parifl] of Datchet, was built by Sir Ralph Winwood, Secretary of State to James I. on the fite of a manfion which had beeti occupied by Cardin?.! Wolfey. It is iuiiouTKied by a moat. The apaitments arefpacious and finely painted j and, in the gallery, is a good col- Icflion of pi'ftures. The park is lamed for its ancient- majcllic oaks. DORKING, a market-town in Surry, 23 miles from London, IS feated on the river Mole, and upon a rock of loft fandy done, iu which deep cellars are dug, that are extremely cold even in the midft of funimer. An incredible qurntity of poultry is fo d in Dorking, which are large and fine, and temnrkable for having five claws. Here are frequently, about Chridmas, capons I’o large, as to weigh between feven and eight pounds, out cl their feathei's. This,,to\vn was defiroyed by the Danes, but rebuilt either by Canute or the Noimans. It is remai kaole, that, according to tiie cuffom of the manor, the youngeit fon or brother of a cutioniary tenant is heir to the ciiftomary edate of the tenant dying initfiate. See Chart Park, Dfcpden , and Denbigh s* DORNEY COURT, near Eton Wick, the feat of Sir Charles Karcourt Palme r, Bart. DOWN HALL, three miles from Sawbridgeworih, Herts, in the road to Hatfield Heath, in Efiex, the feat of the late Thomas Selwyn, Efq. on an eminence that commands a fine profpe6I. This place Prior chofe for retirement, after many years of political in- trigue; and in his works is Down Hall,” a ballad, of which the bed line is, “ I diew’d you Down Hall : did you look for Verfailles ?” Prior, after having filled many public employments with great ability. D U L 75 ability, f>.und hlmfelf, at the age of 53, In danger of poverty. But his frienvis procured a lubi’cription for his Foeins, which amoiimcd to 4.000 guineas 5 and Lord Harley, fon of the Earl of Oxford, to whom he had invariably adhered, added an equal fiini for the purchaie of this place, which our poet was to enjoy during life, and Harley after his deceafe. He had now/’ fays Dr. Johnibn, what wits ‘ and philof-- phers have often wlfhed, the power of pafPing the day in contempla- tive tranquillity. Eiit it Teems, that biify rnen feldorn live long in a ftateof quiet. It is not unlikely that his health d/eclined. He com- plains of deafnefs; for^ (fays he) / took little care of my ears, a.vhile I avas not jure ojjbether my head avas.my oaimd'" — Our poet alliuies here to the terrors of an impeaciiinent which had been impending over liim. He died at Wimpole, in Cambridgelhire, the feat of the Earl of Oxford, 111x721. After his death, the noide proprietor, much improved the grounds, cut villas through an adj ' cent wood, and fometirnes made it the place of his reiidence. The picjent manlion, a handibme ediiice, was rebuilt a few years ago, and is now in the occupation of Mr. Lovibond. DOWN place, the elegant villa of John Kuddledorse, Efq. is fuuated on the Thames, between M:^ndenhead and Windlbr. The noble buildings of Vvhndibr aiud Eton are here feen in a poini: of vdew which is not to be equalled in any other place. DPvOFMORE HILL," the new-built villa of Lord Grenville, at Burnham, in Buckinghanifhlre, feated on the fide of Wooburii Common. Its elevated htuation commands the moil extenfive and varied profpecls. DULWICH, a village, in the parlfn of Cambe-weli, hve miles from London, celebrated a few years ago for us medicinal waters, to which there was fuch a refort of company, that the mafter of the houfe, then called the Green Man, erebfed a handicnie rorni for their accommoda ion. The welis have fince fallen into fiinepute, and the houfe was occupied, for Ibme tune, by Lord I huroo'w. The fine walk oppofite this iioufe, r.hrough the woods, ain." ds from its top a noble profpeCt ; but this is much exceeded l)y o'oo , 00 a hill bdilnd the houfe, under a tree, called The Oak o; ii u v'r, Dulwich is delightlui for its rural iimpiicity, thus cekbrat^e by cue Ailculapian i?ard ; Or iofe the world amid the fylvan wilds Of Duivvich, yet by barbarous arts unlpoird. DULWICH COLLEGE, founded at Dulwich, in 1614, by Mr. Ed ward Alleyn, who named it the Coiieo-e of God’s Gift. This gentleman was an aClor m the reign of Queen Elizaberh, anJ. the prmcipai performer in many of SlnkelpcareE plays. He iounded this college for a Maifer and Wardens, who wei e always to be of the name- of Alleyn or Allen, with four Fel.ows, three of whom v/ei e to be divines, and thejrdrth an organ i tl j ami foiTi < poor mta, as many poor woa.en, and twelve poor boys, to be edu- H 2 cated E A L 76 rated by two of the Fellov/s. When the boys arrive at a proper age, they are fent to the Univerfities, or placed out apprentices. A premium of lol. is given with each of the latter; and, if they be- have well, they are prefented with 5I. at the expiration of their fer- vitude. Mr. Alleyn conllitured for vifitors, the Churchwardens of St. Botoiph, Bldiopfgate ; St. Giles, Cripplegate ; and St. Saviour, Southwark ; who, upon occahon, were to appeal to the Archbllbop of Canterbury, before whom all tlie members were to be fworn at their admiflion. To this college belongs a chapel, in v/nich the founder himfelf is buried. The Maf^er is Lord or the Manor for a confiderable extent, and enjoys the afHuence andeafe of the Prior ®f a monaftery. Both he and the Warden muft continue unmarried, on pain of being excluded the college. The Warden always fucceeds tipon the death of the Mader. The original edifice was after a plan of Inigo Jones, in the old tafte, and contains the chapel, and Mailer’s apartments, in the front, and the lodgings of the other inhabitants in the wings. That on the call fide v/as new-built in 1739. The Mailer’s rooms are adorned with noble old furniture, which he is obliged to purchafe, on his entrance into that llation; and there is a library to which every Mailer generally adds a number of books. An idle tradition, fufficlently refuted in the Biographia Britannica, alTigned as the motive of the founder for this endowment, that once perlonating the devil, he was Co terrified at feeing a real devil, as he imagined, on the llage, that he quitted his profeiLon, and devoted his life to religious exercifes. An idea has alfo prevailed, that the founder excluded all future benefa6lions to this college ; but this is erroneous. In 16S6, Mr. Cartwright, a celebrated comedian and bookfeller, in Holborn, bequeathed to the college his colle6lion of books and piclures, and 400]. in money; and, in 1756, a legacy of 300I. was left to the college, by Lady Falkland ; the interell to be divided among the poor brethren and fillers, according to the will of the donor. DURDANS, near Epfom, was"^ originally built by George firfl F/arl of Berkeley, with the materials brought from Nonfuch, when that celebrated royal refidence was demolifhed. It was dellroyed by fire, many years ago, but was rebuilt by Mr. Daibiac, and is now the feat of Mrs. Kenworthy. E. 'P ALING, a parilh In Middlefex, fituate near the road to Uxbridge, about feven miles from London, One part of it is called Great, and the other Little Ealing. In the former are many hand- fome villas ; among which the molt dillinguifhed are Ealing Houie, the feat of Edward Payne, Efq. Hicks, upon the Heath, the feat of bir William Trumbull (Secretary of State to King William, and the intimate friend of Pope) and now the property of Frederic Barnard, Efq. who has confiderably enlarged and improved the pre- mifesj Ealing Grove, which was fuccefiively the feat ot the Dukes K P F 77 of Marlhoroiigli and Argyle, and lately of Janies BallUe, Efq. cieceafed 5 Rockwork Gate Houle, the refidence ot Thomas iVIat- thias, Elq. and a houfe built by Xhonias Wood, Kiq. on a hib on the riglit hand of the road ironi Aclon to Hanweli. At little Ea- ling are Place Houfe, the feat of Cuthbert FiOier, Efq. and tlie villas of Sir Charles Morgan, Bart, and General Lai’celles. At Caftle Hill, is the eleganr villa of the late Heniy Beautoy, Efq. now Mrs. Fitzherbert’s 5 and, on Cadle Bear Hiil, is the villa of Richard Meux, Efq. . The old church having fallen down, March 27, 1729, a neat new one was ere 61 ed. At Old Brentford, in this parifn, is George Chapel, built in 1770, as a diapel of eafe. The Sunday/ fchools in this paiifli, indltuted in 1786, by the Rev. Charles Sturges, the prefent vscar, have been particulariy dficacious, in coniequence of the perfevenng aueniion of Airs.' Trimmer, fo well known by her ufeful creatnes, tending to increafe the comfo!‘ts, and reform the manners of the poor. About 60 boys, and more than 100 girls are now educating \n theie fchools, which are conduced upon a plan that afflards great encouragement to the meritorious, and is admirabiy calculated to excite a fpint of emulation and improvemenf^. A Ichool of indulBy lor girls has been fome time eftablilhed : at prei'ent, they are 40 in number, and are employed in making coarie fnirts. A fcbool of induliry for boys has alfo been lately opened : hitherto they have been employed only in combing wood but it is in contemplation to find them Ivjme other ccciipation, which may prove of more fervice to them in tu* til re life. See Gim?ierfbury Hoiife. EDGWARE, a market-town, eight miles from London, on the road (the ancient Wading Street) to St. Alban’s. The welt fide or the itreet is in the pariili of YEnitclunch. Sve Brockley HilL EDMONTON, a village in rvliddlefex, 7 nfiies from London, in the road to Ware. Near Tanners End, in this parilh. is The Firs, the leat of Sir James Winter Lake, Bart. See Bujh Hillojid Southgate. EFFINGHAM, a village in Surry, three miles from Leather- head, was once, according to tradition, a populous place, in which were i6 churches. There are ftill proofs of its having been much larger than it is at prefent; for wells, and cavities like cellars, have been frequently found in the fields and woods here; and in the church are feveral old flails and monuments. Here is the feat of Gen. De Lancey. One of the regulations is, that every child who is a con tant at- tendant, and comes to fcbool before nine in the morning, neat in perfon and apparel, on paying a half-penny, fliali receive a penny ticket. The advantages of this regulation proved to be fuch, that gowns were pnrehafed for all the girls who had been three mo .;,hs in the fdiooi, and clothing for the boys according to their refpe.tive merits, H3 EGHAM, 78 E L T EG HAM, a village in Snny, on the Thames, iS miles from London. Here is a neat almfhoufe, founded in 1706, by Mr. Henry Strode, merchant of London, for fix men and fix women. The centre of this building is a good home fora fchool-mader, who has the education of 20 poor boys of Egham. Sir John Denham, Baron of the Exchequer in the reigns of James and Charles I. refided in this parifh, and founded an almfhoiire here, for fix men and fix women. Sir John Denham, his fon, celebrated Cooper's Hill, in a work which will lad longer than even the ap- plaufe of that loyalty for which he facrificed his family eifatesj a loyalty Strong without rage, without o’erflovving full !” Here alfo dwelt the famous Sir John Doddridge, a very able judge and fcholar, whofe memory is kept up by the jury which was impannelled in confequence of his reproof to the Sheriff of Hunting- don, on account of the meannefs of the former jury which had been returned ; the next lift of jurors, liowever, fo far compenfated for thenegleff, that on calling them over in court, the gravity of the bench was invaded by having named Maximilian, King of Tofe- land j Adam, Prince of Godmanchefter j the rt ft were a Duke, Earl, Marquis, Lord, a Bi/hop of Buckden, and other founding names, ending with Knight, Squire, and Yeomen. See Cooper's HiU and Runny Mead, ♦ ELSTKEE, a village in Herts, ii miles from London, in the road from Edgware to St. Alban’s, is thought by Norden to have been the Roman city called Sulloniacie, mentioned by Antoninus j. but Camden and Horfley are of opinion that it was on Brockley Hill, in this neighbourhood j many urns, coins, Roman bricks, ^c. having been dug up there 5 and at Penny. well, near Brockhv Hill, are ftill vifible the foundations of fcveral wails. See Brockley Hill. ELTKAM, a market- town, eight miles from London, on the road to Maidftone. Anthony Beck, Biftiop of Durham, having fraudulently fecured the pofi'eftion of this manor, beautified the capital manfion, and left it to Eleanor, the Queen of Edward I. Edward II. frequently refided here. His Queen was here delivered of a ton, who had the namiC of John of Eltham, PcfTibly, from this circumftance, it is improperly called King John’s Palace j tmlefs it obtained this appellation from the fnmptuous enter- tainment given here by Edward III. to the captive King John of France. Succeeding Princes, and particularly Henry VII. en- larged and improved this palace 5 but it was negle6fed, after Green- wich became the favourite country refidence. Our princes often celebrated their feftivals at Eltham with great pomp. One of the la(t of thefe feafts was held here at Whitfuntide, in 1515, when Henry VIII created Sir Edward Stanley Baron Monteagle, for his ib'vices at Flodden Field. Part of the ftatcly hall which was the fccne of tliolis; feafts, is ftill in good prefervation, and is ufed as a barn. E N F 79 barn. The roof, in particular, is fomewhat like that of Wehrnln- fier Hall. The large moat round the palace, although the greateft part of it is dry, and covered with verdure, has Hill two ftone bridges over it, one of which confids of four arches. The farm- houfe, in the inclofure, though fomewhat modernized, or rather dif- guifed, by plader and white- wafliing, was part of this ancient pa- lace. Elizabeth, who was born at Greenwich, was fre- quently carried thence to Eitham, when an infant, Tor the benefit of the air 5 and this palace file vifited in a fimimer excurfion round the country in 1559. It was granted, with the manor, for a term of years, perpetually renewable, to one of the anceftors of Sir John Shaw, who has here a feat and plantations, called Eltbam Lodge 5 but the trees in the park are the property of the crown, and many of them were marked for fale in the laft furvey. In the handfoine garden of Mr. Dorrington is a green-hoiife, in which were formerly kept the exotics of that eminent botanift, Dr. Sherrard. The Hor-» tus Elthamienfis is^ well known to the curious in botany. On a part of Shooter’s Hill, in this parifii, i^ a lofty tower, ere 61 ed by Lady James, to commemorate the redu 61 ion in 1756, of Severndroog, a Itrong fort, which belonged to Angria, the pirate, on an ifland near Bombay. This ftru6fure, which is called Severndroog Caflle, is creeled from a defign of Mr. Jupp’s, and is of a triangular form, with turrets at each angle. It is feen at a great difiance. See Fairy Hill and Park Farm Place, ' EMBER COURT, at Thames Ditton, between Kingfion and Efiier, was the feat of Arthur Onflow, the celebrated Speaker of the Houfe of Commons. It is now the feat of Colonel Taylor. ENFIELD, a town in Middlefex, 10 miles from London, was famous for its chafe, a large traH of woodland, filled with deer. This was granted, by the Conqueror to an ancefior of the Mande- villes, Earls of EfTex, from whom it came to the Bohims. It was afterward annexed to the Duchy of Lancafier. When King James refided at Theobalds, this chafe was well fiocked with deer 5 but, in the Civil Wars, it was dripped of the game and timber, and let out in farms. At the Reftoration, it was again laid open, v/oods were planted, and the whole chafe was fiocked with deer; but, by an a£l of Parliament, in 1779, it was disforefted. Part of it was allotted to different parifhes, and inclofed, when it was found to contain S349 acres ; and another part, referved to the crown, was fold in eight lots, at the office of the Duchy of Lancaiter. In the town is part of an ancient royal palace, rerpe« 5 Hng the building of which antiquaries are not agreed. It was the manor- houfe of Enneid ; and either in this, or another ancient houfe, called El- fyiige-hall; (now demolifhed) Edward VI. on his acceffion to the throne, kept his court, for five months, before he removed to Lon- don. Mr. Lyfons is of opinion, {FoL II. />. 283) that the palace ** underwent confiderable repairs, or perhaps was wholly rebuilt, in the reign of this Prince, and moft probably upon occafiOH of the manor being granted to the Prince fs Elizabeth,” One E P P 80 One of the rooms ftill remains in its original (fate, with oak pan- nels, anci a richly-ornamented ceili»-g. The chimnev-picce is I’up- ported by columns of the Ionic and Corinthian order, and deco- rated with the cognizances of the role and portcullis, and the arms of France and England quartered, with the garter, and royal fupporters, a lion and a gryphon. Underneath is this motto: Sola fains fir 'V ire Deo,Junt c cetera fraudes—OwY only leciirity is to ferve God : aught elie is vanity.” In the fame room is pre- ferved part of another chimney piece, with nearly the fame orna- ments, and this motto : Ut ros fuper ha'ba'my ejl henenjolentia re- gis — ’Like the dew on the grals is the bounty of the king j” al- luding, it is probable, to the royal grant. Among the coHedf ion of royal letters in the Britilh Mufeum is a Latin one from the Prin- cels Elizabeth, dated'Enfteld ; and in the Bodleian Library is a M. S. copy of a ferraon, tranflated l>y the Princel's, from the Italian of Occhini. It is written on vellum, in her own hand, and was fent, as a new year’s gift to her brother, King Edward. The dedica- tion is dated Enfield, Dec. 30 ; the year not mentioned. When Elizabeth became Queen, ihe frequently vlfited Enfield, and kept her court there in the early part of her reign. The palace was alienated from the crown by Charles I. and has beemevcr fsnce in private hands. In 1670 it was taken by Mr. Uvedale, mailer of the grammar fchool, who being much attached to the fiudy of bo- tany, planted a cedar of Lihanus, now one of the fineit in tlie king- dom, and meafuring, at three feet from the ground (in 1793) twelve feet in girth. The whele building in front, was taken down in 1792 5 and on the fite of it are erecled fome fmall houles. Tiie fmall part left handing behind, (and winch contains the idd rooms) has" een new fronted, and is in the occupation of Mrs. Perry. The whole of this old palace was piirchaied, in 1786, by Mr. .Thomas Callaway, fleward of Guy’s Hoipital, of the reprefentatives of Eilab Breton, Efq- Enfield Park, part of this ancient royal demefne, is the feat of Samuel Clayton, Efq. In this parifh alfo are feverai villas j par- ticularly, Four- tree Hill, the feat of the late Edmund Aimftjong, Efq. faid to have been built by Inigo Jones 5 Eaft Ledge, which had been occaGonally ufed by Charles I. as- a hunting teat j Wefl Lodge, and North Lodge, (all three held by leaie under the crown by the guardians of the Duchefs of Chandos, a lunatic) the latter in the occupation of 'Idiomas James, Efq. ; a large new-built houfe on Beech Hill, the feat of William Franks, Eiq. and the hand- fome villa of Rawfon Hart Boddam, Elq. late Governor of Bom- bay. See Scuihgaie, South Lodg^, and frent Place ENGLEFIELD GREEN, in the parifh of Egham, but in the county of Berks, is delightiiilly fituatcd on the fummit of Cooper’s Hill, in the road that leads through Windibr Great Park to Read- ing. Among fome good houfes here, is the handfome feat of Mrs. Hervey. EFPING, a town in EITex, 16 miles from London, The mar- kets, E S H 61 ItetSs vVhich are on Thurfday for cattlci and on Friday for provi- fions, are kept in Epping-Street, a hamlet about a mile and a half from the church. The butter made in this part of the county, and' known in London by the name of Epping butter, is in particular efteem, and fells at a higher price than any other. See Copped HalL EPPING FOREST, a royal chafe, extending from Epping al- moft to London, was anciently a very extenfive diftri^l, and, under the name of the Forefl of Efiex, included a great part of the county. It had afterward the name of Waltham Fordf, which has long' yielded to its prefent appellation. To this foreii, that of Hainan] t, which I es to the foiith-eall, was once, it is fuppofed, an append- age. Both rhefe forefts are adorned with many feats and villas, A flag is annually turned out on this fordl, on Eafla* Monday, for the amufement of the London fportfmen. See Hainault ForeJI, EPSOM, properly Ebbefltam, a town in Surry, ,i4| miles from I London. Its mineral waters, v^hich iffue from a rifing ground near 1 Aflited, were difeovered in i6i8, and loon became famous j but,- for many years paft, they have been negle6led, and the public rooms are gone to decay. Horfe races are annually held on the neigh.^ bouring downs. The town extends about a mile and a half, in a I femicircle, from the church, to Durdans, the feat of Mrs. Ken- I worthy. There arc many fine feats in the neighbourhoccl, befide Durdans; as a feat on Wood cote Green, belonging to William Northey, Efq. lord of the manor; Woodcote Park, the late Lord Baltimore’s, now the feat of Lewis Tefiiii*, Efq. and Pit Place, lb called ftom its fituation, being in a chalk-pii. It was built by the j late Mr. Belcher, and is a very whimlicai but elegant retirement, !! The laft proprietor, Mr. Fitzherbert, made great improvements in I it; the drawing-room, confervatory, and aviary, in particular, are [I fuppofed to be the moft beautiful of the kind in Surry, It is now II the property of Mr. Jewdwine. I' ERITH, a village in Kent, on the Thames, 14 miles from Lon- ; d6n, in this neighbourhood formerly flood the abbey of Lefnes,. I See Belvedere Heufe, I ESHER, a village on the road to Guilford, 16 miles from Lon* ; don. See Clare?/iont and I' ESHER PLACE, the feat of the late Right Hon. Henry Pel- ' ham, nnd now of his daughter, Mifs Pelham, is a Gothic firuc'* ture of brick, with flone facings to the doors and windows. It was anciently one of the feats of the prelates of Winchefler, was built by Bifhop Wainfleete, and greatly improved by Cardinal Wolfey, when he held that fee in conjunHion v/ith thofe of York and Durham. The whole was rebuilt by Mr, Pelham, in the fame ! llyie as the original, and after the defign of Kent, except the two j towers in the body of the houfe, which belong to the old llru6Iure, i In one of thefe towers is a very curious winding ftaircafe, which ' has excited the admiration of many eminent archite6ls. This noble manfion is fitnated in a low vale, on the banks of the river Mole, which is approached, by a circular fweep, through m \ declining B2 ESHSK PLACE. declining lawn. This river winds plesfantly through the groimdsj and fo-rns a very beautiful piece of water. On the left, "entering the pai k, at fome dldance, the ground takes a ierpentine form, j and the heights being planted with clumps of firs and other trees, have a rich and bold erfecf . On a further advance, to the right, the €ye is attracted by a fine open country. An elegant fummer-horde, fituate on the moil elevated ipot in the park, commands a variety of rich and pleafant profpe6ls. Among the nearer views, are Rich- mond Hill, Hampmn Court, Harrow on the Hill, Windfor Cafile, the windings of the Thames, &c, and, on the other fide, are Clare- mont, and other fine feats.— -Another building, called The Bower, is overhung with ivy, the rnafly foliage of which is at once beauti- ful and pictnreiqiie. AJmeit every ifep affords a new and pleafing object 5 and, to enricli the feene, the river frequently prefents itreff through the trees, or in full view fi’om an open fpacej and it ia agam obfeured'^by tlie intervention of feme objecl, perhaps nM ids plea ling. Thde enchanting feenes are immortalized in tne charming poetry of Thomfon i .. Efher's groves. Where, in the fweetefi foiitude,. embrac’d By the foft windings of the filent Mole, From courts and fenates, Pelham finds repofe. And the unafiuming mufe of Dofidey has feated the Genius of Gardens In the lovely vale Of Efher, where the Mole glides, lingering 5 loth To leave fuch feenes of fw’eet fimplicity. The phllolbpher too will here find fubje6ls of meditation ; efpe- claliy wdien he is diipofed to rcfiefl on the inftability and vanity of all earthly grandeur. To this place (then called Afier') was the magnificent Wolfey commanded to retire, jufl after he had perceiv- ed, for the firil time, that lie had for ever loft the lavour of his lo- vereign j and fine gi eat mafiier of the human heart has made him give utterance to his feelings in this afiedling exclamation : Na)% then, farewell ! I have touch’d the highefi point of all my greatnefs 5 And, from that full meridian of my glory, I hafie now to my letting; I lhali fall Like a bright exhrdation in the evening, And no man fee me more. The world that had paid him fuch abjecl court during bis prof- perity, now deferted him (ail but the iaitliKiI Cromwell) on this fatal reverfe of fortune. He himfelf was much dejected wdth the change, and from the fame turn of mind which had ntade him fa vainly elated with his grandeur, he felt the ftroke of adverfity with double rigour. la E W E 83 In tiill-blowr! dignity fee Wolfey ftand. Law in his voice, and fortune in his hand : To liim the church, the realm, their pow'rs configni, Through him the rays of regal bounty /liine ; Turn’d by his nod the ftream of honour flows ; KIs fmiie alore iecurity beftows. Still to tic. w heights his redlefs wiOics fo'ar; Claim leads to claim, and pow’r advances pow’r| Till conqueft unrefiiled ceas’d to pleale, And rights fubrniited, left him none to feize. At length his fov’reign frowns-— the train of flate Mark the keen glance, and watch the fign to hate^ Where’er he turns, he meets a Granger’s eye; - His fuppliants fcorn him, and his followers fly. ' Now drops at once the pride of awful Hate, Thej^den canopy, the glitt’ring plate. The regal palace, the luxurious hoard. The liveried army, and the menial iord. With age, v«;ith cares, with maladies opprefs'd, He (ecics the rdiigc of monailic reft. Grief aids difeaie, remember’d folly ftings, And his laft fighs reproach the faith or kings. jOHNSO?!,, ETON, a village on the Thames, in Bucks, oppofite Wind for, famous for its royal college and fdioog lOimdeH by Henry VI. in 1440. for the iupport of a pjovedf and feveD LHows, and the edu- cation of leVvntv youths m claflicai learn ; g. It conhfts of two ■quadrangles ^ one aj^prepriated t'..- the ichooi . and the lodi>,ing of the mafters and fcnoi irs ; in the m-oh oi winch is a copper ftaiiie of the founder, on a m irbl-e peddtaf er oded at the expence of Dr. Godolphin. In the other quaclijnp;lc are the apartments of the Provoft ai d Fellows- 'Idle library ic one or the ftneft in England. The chapel is a ftately ftructure, :uppa:eri..iy by the lame hand who ddigned King’s 'd’ollege, Ca nbiidge. At the weft end of this chape! is a marble ilalue, by Bacon, or ti e ilNfaled Kemy.” The ieventv King’s fcholar-, as ihofe ' ;e called who are on the foundation i when properly qnadhed, are v v led^ on the fu'h Tutf- day in Aiigui'r, to King’s Cc h ge in Cair oridge, but are not re- moved till there are vacancies in that coaegt, and then they are c died according tofeniorUy, an-; afier they l ave been three years at Cambridge, they claim a fcilcvvihjp. Befide ihofe on the foun- dation, there are leidom lefs than 300 noVdemeu and gentlemen’s fons, who board at the mafter’s houfes, or within the bounds of the college. The fchooi is divided into up|>er ai d lower, and each of thefe into three ciaflbs. To each fchooi there is a mailer and four aiiiilants. 'Phe revenue of the college amounts to about 5000L a year. • EWEL, a market town in Surry, 13 miles fiom London. Here a fpnng breaks out in different fpots, aixi becomes the head of a fine 84 PRO fine ftream, called Kog's Mill River, that falls into the Thames at ICingfton. Here are the elegant feat and pleafure>grounds of the late Philip Rowden, Ei'q, and the manlion of Sir George Glyn, Bartr F ^x\IRLOP, a celebrated oak, in the pariHi of Barking, and fo- ^ reft of Hainauk, in Eftex, See Hainault forefi. FAIRY HILL, a villa at Mottingham, a hamlet of the city of Rochefter, near Eltham, in Kent, was many years in the occupa- tion of the late Earl Bathurft, who greatly improved the grounds. It is now the refidence of John Randal), Efq. FETCH AM, a village near Leatherhead, in which is the £ne feat of Mrs. Hankey. FINCHLEY, a village in Middlefcx, near a noted common, feven miles from London, in - he road to St. Alban’s. FITZROY FARM, the villa of Lord Southampton, near Highgate. The grounds are kept in the higheft cultivation of the ferme omie, FITZ WALTERS, the feat of Thomas Wright, Efq. at Shen- field, near the 21 ra.i)e done, in the road to Chelmsford. Being of an o£fagon form, it is commonly called the Round Houle. Mr. Wright has formed a fine ferpentine piece of water in the front of the houfe, over which he has built a beautiful little bridge j and, next to the great road, he has erel^ed two lodges for porters. FGOT’S'CKAV PLACE, 32 miles from London, in the road to Maidlione, was built by Bouchier Cleve, Efq. a pewtererof Cheap- £de, after a defign of Palladio’s. It became the property of Sir George Yonge, Bart, who married Mr. Cleve’s daughter, and was fold for lefs than a third part of the original expence, to Benjamin Harcnce, Efq. The hall is o 6 lagonal, and has a gallery round, which leads to the bed chambers. It is enlightened from the top, and is very beaut ifu). The houfe, vv^hich is built of (lone, ftands on a rifmg ground, with a gradual defccnt to the water, which, from the houfe, appears to be a fmall river gliding through the whole length of the ground ^ and in that part of the water oppo- £te to the houfe, is a fine cafeade^ but this water, which appears to be fuch a pretty natural ftream, is an artificial one brought from the river Cray. FROGMORE HOUSE, near Windfor, lately the feat of the Hon. Mrs. Egerton, of whom it was purchafed by Her Majefly, who has made very confiderable additions to the houieand gardens. The houfe adjoining, the refidence of the late Mrs. Macartney, has been' taken down, and its gardens added to thofe of her Majefty. In different parts of the grounds. Gothic temples, rural huts, &c. have been ere 6 fed. Thefe give relief to the gardens, which, from their being a dead flat, would otherwife have too great afamenefs. Nearly adjoining, on the oppofite fide of the road, is a neat ho«fe, GAD the feat of the hte Earl oF Pomfret, as Ranger of the Little Park, within the limits of which it is htuated. Near the houfe is the Queen's dairy* FULHAM, a village of Middlefex, fituated on the Thame?, oppofite Putney, to which it has a wooden bridge. It is four miles from London ; and to tne prelates of that fee the manor belonged a confiderable time before the conqiieft. In the church-yard are the tombs of the Bifhops Compton, Robinfon, Gibfon, Hayter, Ter- rick, and Lowth. The epilcopal palace, on the bank of the Thames, is neither of a very ancient date, nor does it contain any thing re... markable: but the gardens have been very curious. They were firiT noted in the time of Bifhop Grindall, one of the eariieft en* couragers of botany, and the firft who imported the tamarilk-trce into this country, about the year 1 560. Bifliop Compton, who was himfelf an excellent botanift, made them ftill more celebrated by the introdu6Hon of many new plants and foreft' trees, particu- larly from North America, Of thefe, the following only were re- maining, on a furvey of the garden in 1793 ; and thefe may be regarded with fome veneration by the botanift, as the parent ftocks of their refpe6live races in this kingdom. The girths, which were accurately taken at three feet from the ground, are here given, with their computed height : Acer Negundoy Afli-leaved Maple Cuprejjus Semper sd month, but a good jell for ever. Tlie late vSir Francis Head built on the top of the hill, tov^^ards Rochede) , a neat cottage, which he denominated Gad's Hill Cafa ; and, on its heln? licenced for a Fiiblic-houfe, he dire 61 ed that the fign diould have, on one fde, a portrait of Henry V. and on the other, a reprefentation of the fat knight and his affociates, as defcribed by the poet, A 61 II. Scene 4. After the death of Sir Francis, this fign w3s removed, and in . its place a plough was put up, with the motto, God /peed the P/ouj» This change does not feem to have been propitious to mine hoft of the FalftafF 5 for the new fign foon difappeared, and one of the rooms being converted into a feecbfi^op, the motto would be fiar more per- tinent than it was before. It mufi, however, be a fatisra 61 ion to the traveller to fee that the fubje 61 :, which has for centuries i;endered this fpot fo mernorable, is revived on both Tides of the fign before . another public houfe lately ere6Ied. , GATTON, in Surry, 19 miles from London, in the road to Reigate, was formerly a very populous place, but now only a mean village. Ever fince the reign of Henry VI, it has fent mem- bers to Parliament, who are returned by its Cpnftable, annually chofen at the Lord of the Manor's court, by feven eltclors.. At the entrance of this place from London, is Upper Gatton Houfe, the property of Wifiam Petrie, Efq. and reficlerjce of Mark Cur- rie, Efq. This is furrounded by fine plantations, and commands rich and extenfive profpe 61 s. — A mile further is Gatton Park, or Lower Gatton Houie, a new and beautiful firuclure. This' is the manfion-houfe, which carries with it tlie entire property of the bo- rough, and was purchafed by Mr. Petrie of Rol'ert L dbrckejEfq, for^iiojoool.. The approach to this houfe is thouclu to equal any thing of the kind in the kingdom. From tlie lodge, v.diich is on the fummit of. the hill leading to Reigate, the road winds beauti- fully down the park, for a mile, amid woods and groves of fir;, prefenting, here and there, throng;h breaks, fome enchanting views of the country below. From the fouth front of the houfe, the pro- fpe6ls are rich, various, and extenfive. At the foot of the fioping eminence on which it is fituated, is a fine lake of 40 acres, enrich- ed with two beautiful well-planted iflands, the haunts of fwans and other kinds of water- fowl. The adjacent country is finely broken and diverfified by wood crowned hills and luxuriant vales. Farther on is Ladbroke Houfe, the refi lence of Mils Ladbroke. GIDEA HALL, the feat of Richard Benyon, Efq. near Rum- ford, was originally a ‘Venerable manfi^ n, begun in the reign of Edward IV. by Sir Thomas Cocke, whofe fufferings, during the civil wars, obliged him to leave it unfinifiied at bis death, in 1478. Sir Anthony, his grandfon, one of the preceptors of Edward VI. fini(hed it in the reign of Elizabeth; whom he bad the honour of entertaining in 1568* *. Q^een Maiy de.Medicis was lodged here, * Sir Anthony Cooke was particularly fortunate in his four daughters, all eminent for their literary attainments. Mildred, the * eldeft. G O K 87 in 1637. It was purchafed by $’r John Eyles, Bavt. who took it down, aiid built the prdtni ihudure, which he (bid, in 1745, to Governor Benyon, ''i lie hoiiie has been lately railed and enlarged by his ion, Mr. Benyon^ who has much improved the grounds by piautattons, and a fine piece of water, which the great road crolks^ over a brio ge or thi'te elliptic arches, dciigned by Wyatt. GOBiONS, in die paniit of North Mims, Herts, ib named from the Oobions, its anciem. lords, was aderwaid the feat of Lady More, modier-ln-law of' that isliiitiious chaiabter Sir Thomas More 5 on whole execution it was v/re^led from her by the tyrant Heniy, notwithitanding it was her jointure from her firft hulband. This Venerable maniion, once famous lor its fine gardens in the an- -cienrtalle, is now the prmpvrcy of Jobn Hunter, £fq, who here de- voces his attention to uiliigc snd grazing. Kis teams and ploughs .are drawn by oxen, winch is a great iingniarity in this county. GODS.rbNE, a village in Surry, 19 miles from London, in the road to Lewes, has its name from its excellent hone quarries. See MarJai. - GORHAMBURY, near St. Alban’’s, a manor, which belonged to the church of that place, was -granted, at the diffolntion, to Sir Ralpir Rowdet, who Ibid it to Sir Nicholas Bacon, th^ Lord Keeper^ vzho built that magndicciit fpecimen of ancient architeblure now de- niolhlied, and adojned it with very famous gardens. Sir Nicholas elded, wa-s forty-two years the wife of William Lord Burleigh. She was learned m the Greek tongue, and wrote a letter in that ian- 'guage to the Univeriity of Cambridge. She had great political ta- Itnis, was a paironds ot literature, and diftinguidied for her nume» JOU 3 chc.nties. — -Ai nei the i’ceond, was the lecond wife of Sir Ni- cholas Bacon, Lord Keeper, and mother of the great Lord St.' Al- ba;Bs Eminently iKiikd m Greek, Larin/and Italian, fhe had the h.mour of b-eing appoinied Govasitfs to Edward VI. To her in- itrubiions Was ' probably owing the liu'piihng knowledige of that young Fi luce. Her ions, Anthony and Frar.cis, w’erc not a little indebted tor the repiitation they acquired, to the pams taken with thciii, by this -exedient woman, in their tender ^ears. When they grevv tip, liuy iound in' hei' a kvere, but admirable monitor. She traridaicd' Iron’i the Italian, tiie Sermons of Barnardine O.chinij and, Ir. in the Latin, Bifnop Jewcr.s Apology tor the Church of England j both wlu'di -met with the appbuiie.— El.zabeth, the tlurci, was equally hap./y,m improving the advantages conferred upon her; for fuch was her' progreis in the learned languages, that • fhe gained the appiaul'e of the molt eminent Icholars of the age. She was iiril the wde or Sir 'riiumas H^bby, AmbafTador to France ; and, atterwaid, of John Lord Ruffell, ion of Fraticis Earl of Bed- ford. For tile tombs of both her hufbaiids, file wrote epitaphs la Gieek, Latin, anj Engiidi. — Catharine, the fourth., married to Sir Henry Kd! egievv, *was famous for her knowledge in the Hebrew^j, Greek, ;md L-dtiis tongues, and for her ikiil in poetrv. la wa^ G R E 88 was fucceecied by l)is Ton Anthony, at whofe death it devolved on that glory of our country, Francis Vifcount St Alban’s, whofe matclilers talents, deplorable weakneOes, and merited fail, have been the fuhjeft of fomany able pens. Fcrefeeing his fall, he conveyed hisellateto his faithful Secretary, S’r Thomas Meautys, from whofe heirs it palled "by fale into the family of Lord Grimfton, who creeled the prefent ftru 61 :u e. Here, in 1557, C^uecn Elizabeth was entertained by Sir Nicholas Bacon, from Saturday, May 18, to the Wednelday following, at the expence of 577L 6s. 7-Jd. befide 1 5 bucks and two (lags. Among the dainties of the feathered kind, in this entertainment, we ob- i’erve herons, bitterns, godwittes dotterds, fhovelers, curlews, and knots ; and it may not be improper to add, that in Mr. Nichols’ re- lation of her Majeily’s vifit to Cowdry in Suflfex, where (he fpent ibme days, we find the proportion of breakfaft was three, oxen and 140 geefe I” GRAVESEND, in Kent, the firft port in the Thames, 22 miles from London. The parifiies of Gravefend and M.iiton, were in- corporated by Q^een Elizabeth, and are governed by a Mayor, 12 Jurats, and 2,4 Common Cauncilmtrn It has a market every Wed- nefday and Saturday. The manor of Gravefend being in the pof- feilion of the Abbot of St. Mary la Grace, of Tower Hill, he ob- fained of Richard II. a grant to Gravefend and Milton of the ex- clufive privilege of conveying paflengers to London, on condition that they fltould provide boats, and carry all perfons, at two pence a head, or the whole boat’s fare at four (hillings. They ftill enjoy this privilege: but the fare is now ninepence each. The boats de- part on the ringing of a bell a quarter of an hour: they go to Xiondon with every flood, and return from BilUngfgate with every ebb. Coaches attend the arrival of the boats, to convey the paf- ftngers to Rochefler, at is. 6d. each. In 1727, the church and great part of the town were confumed by fire. Soon after, the prefent church was ere6Ied. The town-houle was built in 1764. In 1772, an a6I was obtained for new-paving and lighting the (treets. GRAY’S THURROCK, 25 miles from London, a market- town in E(Tex, The town is fmall, but pleafantly luuated on the fide of a hill. Its market-houle is a good building, on which is a large Seffion-room, where the petty Seflions are held. The church is built in the form of a crofs. Gray’s market is held on Thuii- day. See Belmont CaJUe, GrEENHITHE, in Kent, a hamlet of Swanfeomb, on the Thames, has a horfe-ferry to Weft Thin rock, in Eftex. Great quantities of lime are conveyed hence to London, for building 5 and not only the farmers on the Eftex coaft, but coafting veftels al(b, from different parts of the kingdom, frequently take in here a freight of chalk. Extraneous foflils are often found imbedded hi the chalk. GREENSTED, a village near Chipping Ongar, in Eftex, re- markable 6 K E' 89= tnar's aKlt for its ancunt little church, a plate of which is engraved by the Society ot Antiquaries, Vo). IL Plate VII. Its walls arc- foimed of the lohd ti links of trets placed in iO'a s, and feem calcu- lated to eiidure for ages more, though anterior to the Ccnque(l» Grecnitc.i Hail is the feat of John Redman, Ksq. GREEN S i REET HOUSE, tiie leat of William Morley, Efa. in the pardh of Ealf Ham.. It hands ahou’t a mile N. W. of the church, and is partly ancient, and partly modernized, with an old tower m the gai den, 50 feet high. This houfe is laid to have been built by King Henry VHL for Queen Anne Boieyn. The eftate has been in the family of the Neviis, Earls of Well moriand and LordiS Latimer, fome ot whom are interred in the church. G REEN WICH. a town in Kent, 4 miles fiom London, was the birth' place of Qiieen Mai y and Q^een Elizabeth : and here Edward VL died, /i palace, erciSfed here, by Humphry Duke of Gioucefter, who i ain^d it Placentia, was enlarged by Henry VII. and com- pleted by Henry VIII. hut being alterward fufFered to run to mil};, was pulled down by Charles II. who began a magnificent edifice, and liveii to fee the hi ft wing riniflied. He alfo enlarged the park, wailed it round, plaiited it, and ervcfed a royal obfervatory on the top Vi the hill, for the uie of the celebrated Fiamfteed, whole name the hill retains.' He likewiie furniflied it with mathematical inflru- indKs for aifronomieai obfervatiens, and a deep dry well for obferv- ing the liars in the day time. On the iite ot this ancient palace is ihe l'ianJfome refidence of the Ranger of the park. This park is 'well itceked with deer, and affords as much variety in proportion to its fize, as any in the kingdom j but the views from the Obferva*- tory and the One- tree Hiii are beautiful beyond imagination, par» ticulariy the foimer. The proje6iion of thefe hills is fo bold, that you do not look down upon a gradually falling Aope or flat ir.clO'. lures, but at once upon the tops of branching trees, which grow in knots and clumps out of deep hollows and imbrowning dells. The ‘cattle feeding on the lawns, which appear in breaks among them, feem moving iiia region of fairy land. A thoufand natural open- ings among the branches of the trees break upon little piRurefque views of the fwelling furf, which, when illumined by the fun, have an effect, pkaflng beyond the power of fancy to exhibit. This is the fore ground of the landfcape 5 a little farther the eye falls on the noble hofpital in the midfl of an amphitheatre of wood j then the two reaches of the river make that beautiful feipentine which forn^s the ifle of Dogs, and prefents the floating commerce of the Thames. To the left, appears a fine tra6I of country leading to the capital, which there terminates the piofpe^I. The church, rebuilt by the Comminionci 5 for erefting the fifty new churches, is dedicated to St, Alphage, Abp. of Canterbury, faid to have been (lain by the Danes on that fpot. A college at the end of the town, fronting the Thames (for the maintenance of ao decayed old houfe- keepers, la out of Greenwich, and eight to be altesnately chofenfrom Snottifham and Caflk-Rifing inHoifdlk) go GREENWICH HOSPITAL. is called the Duke of Norfolk’s College, though it was founded, 1613, by Henry Earl of Northampton, brother of Thomas, fourth Duke of Norfolk, and Ton of that illuftrious warrior and poet, Henry Earl of Surry. In 1560, Mr. Lambard, auttsor of the Pe- rambulation of Kent, built an hofpital, called Queen Elizabeth’s College, the firft ere6led by an Englifli Proteilant fui>jecl. At the fummit of Maize Hill are Vanbrugh Fields, in which is a houfe built by the celebrated Sir John Vanbrugh, in imitation, it is fiid, of part of the late Ballile at Pa* is, in which he was certainly confined for fome time. It is the rdidence of William Webber, Efq. Not far from it are fome other hoiifes in the fame ftyle ot building, one of which was the feat of the late Lord Tyrawley, but is now inhabited by Henry Goodwyn, fen, Efq. See Black, heath, Weft comb Park, and Woodland Houfe, - GREENWICH HOSPITAL, was founded in 1694, by King Wiliiain and Q^een Mary, for the ufe of difabled Englifh feamen and their children, and for the widows and children of fuch as were Rain at fea*. It is erected on the fouth fide of the Thames, on a terrace 860 feet in length, and confifts of four diftinft piles of building, called King Charles’s, Queen Anne’s, King William’s, and Q^ecn Mary’s. The interval between the two moft northern buildings. King Charles’s and Queen Anne’s, forms the grand fquare, which is 273 feet w’ide. In the centre of the grand fquare is a fine ftatue of George II. by Rylbrach, fculptured out of a fmgle block of white marble, which weighed ii tons, and was taken from the French by Sir George Rooke. On each of the four Tides is a fuitable infeription in Latin. King Charles’s building is on the weft fide of the great fquare* He refided in the caft part of it, which was ere6fed by Webb, after a defign by Inigo Jones ? it is of Portland ftone, and rufticated. In the middle is a tetraftyle portico of the Corinthian order, crowned with its proper entablature, and a pediment. At eact> end is a pa- Yiliion, formed by four correfponding pilafters of the fame order, with their entablature, and furmc unted by an Attic order, with a. baludrade, pediment, &c. Qiieen Anne’s buildmg oppofite, is in a correfpondent ftyle. in the north front of each or thefe two build- ings, the pediment is fupported by tw^o ranges of coupled Corin- * King William appointed Commiftioners tor the better carrying on his excellent intentions, and deftred the aftlftance ot his good fubje6fs, as the neceftity of his affairs did not permit him to advance fo confiderable a fum toward this work as he defired. In conformity to this requeft, many benefactions were made in that and the fuc- ceeding reigns to this noble charity, which, according to the tablets hung up at the entrance of the hall, amount to 58,209k and after- ward the forfeited eftaie of the Earl of Derwentwater, in 1715, amounting to 6000k per annum;, was given by Parliament to this hofpital, thiaa GREENWICH HOSEITAt. Q 1 thian columns, anil the lame onlcr is continueil in pilafters along the building. The projtclion ot the entabla ures give an agreeable diveiiuy of light and (liade. In the centre of each uait, between thefe ranges of Corimh an columns is rhe door ot the Doric order, adorned above with a tabiet anil p-dmient. Within the hei;^*ht of thefe ictty columns are two iencs ol windows, tniii. htering two floors. The underm »ttj which are the imalle , have rutlic cafes, crowned with pediments j the upper fenea, which are large and lofty, are adorned with the orders, <^nU with upiight pointed pedi- ments. Over thefe is an attic itory ; the entablature ot the Corin- thian columns and pilatters I’upporis a rcHular Attic courfej the pilaltei s of this order, rifing over every column and pilaiier of the Corinthian below, between which the windows are reguiarly dif- pofed ; and the top is covered with a baluitrade. To the fouth of thefe are the other piles of building, with a co- lonnade adjoining to each. Thefe colonnades are 115 teetalunder, and are compofed of 300 duplicated Done columns and pilafters of Portland ftone, 20 feet high, with an entablature and baluftrade^ Each of them is 34.7 feet long, having a return pavillion at the endj 70 feet long. Of the two fouth buildings, that on the eaft fide is Queen Mary’s, In this is the chapel, the interior part and roof of which having been deftroyed by fiie, on the 2d of January 1779, has betn re- Itored in the moft beautifnl ftyle of Grecian archite^lure, from the deftgns of the late Mr. James Stuart, the celebrated publifher of the Antiquities of Athens, commonly called “ Athenian Stuart.” Immediately before the entrance of this chapel, is an o6f angular vcftibule, in which are four niches, containing the flatues of Faith, Hope, Charity, and Meekneis, in Coade’s artiftciai ftone, Irom de- figns by Weft. From this veftibiile we afeend, by a flight of four- teen fteps to the chapel, which is in feet long, and 52 broad, and capable of conveniently accommodating 1000 penfioners, nurfes, and boys, exclufive of pews for the dire6fors, and for the leveral officers, under-officers, &c. Over the portal, or great door of the chapel, is this infeription in letters of gold : Let them give thanks whom the Lord hath redeemed, and de- livered from the hand of the enemy.” Pialm 107.. The portal conflfts of an architrave, frize, and cornice of ftatuary marble, the jambs of which are twelve feet high, in one piece, and enriched with excellent fculpture. The trize Is the work of Bacon, and confifts of the figures of tw'o angels with feftoons, fupporting the facred writings, in the leaves of which is the following inicrip^ tion i The law was given by Mofes t But grace and truth came by Jefus Clirift. The great folding-doors are of mahogany, highly enriched, and the whole compofition of this portal is not to be paralleled in this, or f ^rjiaps in any other country. Within GREEJTWICH HOSPITAL, Within this entrsnce is a portico of fix flut h Wmd, his wings . tiropping watei-, is preiring forth rain from a big, he little {•■oys n ar Idun throwing about •Hutndcr and li -;htnlng. Z-phvnis, thl- Weft \Vind, is rccompa- nied, by Hale Zephyrs, with bifkets 'cf flowers, Tcattei ing. th.m ^around : the figure playing on the Bute denotes the picafure uf the fpring. Boreas the North Wind, ha^ dragonsAvings, denoting his fury; his boidcrous companion flmgiug about hail-itones, ihow, See. Over the three doors are huge uvi\ rabies, with the namc.s, in gold letters, of fiich bcnefailcrs as have given 100;. or upward, to- ward the building; 'among the tuuif coniidei .a’Ac of wiiich were King VVilii'am, w-ho gave 19,500!. Q,^jrc'n Anne, 64.72!. John de la Foiitain, Eln. zoooh Robert Cibuinon, Elq. zo^oool. Sir John Cropiey, GREENWICH irOSPiTAL. 05 Cropley, and Mr. Evelyn, zoooi. each. John Evelyn,. Efq. loooL Each table is attended bv t wo charity boys, as if carved in white inarhie, fitting on- great corbels, pointing up to the hgure of Cha- rity, in a riiche, iiitimatihg that wliat money is given there is for their fupport. Tn is velHbiile leads into tlie faloon or grand hall, on the ceiling of Nvhich area he portraits of King William and Qiyeen Mary, fur- rounded by the caRiinai virtues, &c., The other decorations of this f'aloon are correfpondeni: to the magnificence’af the ceiling.. From this faloon we afcend into the upper hall, the ceiling anti Tides of vvlVich are adorned with different paintings. In the centre of the ceding iC reprefenLed Q^eeii Anne and Prince George of Denmark, with emblematical fioures. In the four corners are the arms of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, between which are the four quarters Of the world j with the emblems and productions of each. On the left hand, as we enter, is a painting in imitation of bafib- relievo, reprefenting the Landing of the Prince of Orange. Over the chimney, is the Landing of George T, at Gree’iwich. At the ' fartiier end are the portraits of George I. and his family, v/ith many emblematical figures yamong vvliich the painter has introduced his own portraitj and, on the right and left of the entrance, are paintings reprefenting die Public Weal and Public Safety, This celebrated work was begun in 1708, and completed in 1727* It cod 6685I. at the rate of 3I. per yard for the ceiling, and il. per yard for. the Tides. Out of all that is given for fliewing the Hall, only three-pence in the pound is allowed to the perfon who Oiews it*, the refi: makes an excellent fund for the maintenance of not Ids than twenty poor boys, the fons of Rain or difabled mariners ; and out of this fund the boys are. entirely provided for, and taught fiich a fliare of ma- thematical learning as may fit them out to the Tea fervice. King ¥/illiam’s Building, and Qn^een Mary’s, are each fur- mounted by a dome, the tambour of which is formed by a circle of columns duplicated, of the Corinthian order, with four proje6fing groups of columns at the quoins. The aHic above is a circle with- out breaks, covered with the dome, and terminated by a turret. In King Chai les’s Building, adjoining to the Governor’s apart- ment, is the councii-room, in wlTich are the following portraits: viz. George II. by Shackleton ; King William, Kneller 5 Queen Mary, ditto; the laie Earl of Sandwich, Gainiboroiigh ; Edward, firft Earl of Sandvvich, Lely; Vifcoimt Torrington, a half length, and another, a whole length, D ivlfon ; Robert Ofbolflon, Efq4 Diigard ; Admiral Sir John Jennings, Richardfon; Captain Cle- ments, Lely ; and the head of a venerable old man, faid to have 5 been the firft perifioner admitted into this hofpital. Near the hofpital are the infirmary and fchools, two commodious 1 brick buildings, defigned by the late Mr. Stuart. I For the better fupport of this hofpital, every Teaman in the royal I i !i I g6 G R o navy> and in the fervice of the merchants, pays fix pence a month. There are near aooo old ordifabled feamen in this hofpltal ; and 100 boys, the Tons of feamen, are inftru6fed in navigation, and bred lip for the fervice of the royal navy: but there are no out-penfion- ers. Each of the mariners has a weekly allowance of feven loaves, weighing i6 ounces each; three pounds of beef, two of mutton, a pintofpeafe, a pound and a quarter of cheefe, two ounces of but- ter, 14 quarts of beer, and is. tobacco money : the tobacco money of the boai'fwains is 2s. 6d. a week each; that of the mates is. 6d. and that of the other officers in proportion to their rank: befide which, each common penfioner receives, once in two years, a fuit of biiip, n hat, three pair of Hockines, two pair of ffioes, five neck- cloths, three fliirts, and two nightcaps. This hofpita! has about 100 Governors, compofed of the nobi- lity, and great officers of (fate. The principal officers of the houfe. with »heir annual falaries, are, th^ Mader, loool. Lieute- nant-Governor, 300I. Treafiirer 200I. three Captains, each 200I. fix Lieutenants, each lool. two Chaplains, each lool. a Phyfician and Surgeon, each 200I. a Clerk of the Checque, lOol. Auditor, loob GROVE, near Watford, the feat of the Earl of Clarendon. The late Earl g eatly improved the houfe and park. GROVE, a curious thatched cottage, the late romantic retreat of J, Socket, Efo. at the foot of Box-hill, near Micklcham fituated in a del!, almolt obfeured from figh' by the luxuriant foliage of the trees which overipread it on eveiy fide. It is much frequented by ftrangers. who admire the talte of Mr. Reeves, the original pro- je6lor. Art has been fuccefsfully employed to improve the natural beauties of this feqiieftered fpot. After vifiting circuitous walks which deceive in their lengtii, the whole being contrived to cover only a fmall piece of ground, the following lines, deferiptive of the place by Mrs. Knowles, reli6f of Dr. Knowles, appear on a feat fuiTounding one of the trees : Come, gentle wanderer ! fit and reff, No more the winding maze purfue: Art thou of folitude in qiieft ? Paufe here — and take a folemnview. Behold this fpirlt-calming vale ; Here ftillnefs reigns— ’tis ftillnefs all; Unlefs is heard fome warbling tale. Or diftant found of water-fall. The letter’d ftone, the Gothic gate, The hermit’s long forfaken cell, Warn thee of thy approaching fate:— Oh 1 fear t« die !— not living well I— But 97 GROVE-HILL. ElU if In virtue thou increafe, Thou’lt bear life's ills, nor fear to die 5 Then ev’ry breeze will waft thee peace, And foretafte fweets of promis’d joys ! M»-K. 1782. The prefent refident at the Grove is George Barclay, Efq. GROVE HILL, the beautifully romantic feat of Dr. Lettfom, at Camberwell. The houfe is a plain ftru 61 :ure — -the front, orna- mented with three emblematical figures, in alto relievo, reprefeniing Flora -holding in each hand a fefloon of flowers, the right refiing on a pedellal. On the outfide wall of the library, which forms the wed wing, are four boys in alto relievo, perfonifying the feafcns, with their appropriate dilHn 61 ions : on the oppofite wing, in the fame workmanfliip, appear the Arts, Commerce, Peace, and Plenty, the Woollen Manufa6fure, the Sovereignty of the Laws, Truth, and Prudence. In the centre of the building is a tablet, on which the great Pyramid of Egypt is fecn at a dillance, and forms the back ground, which is ikirted by a palm. The principal figure the Ifis ot Sais, or Nature, is attended on each fide with a Sphinx, emblematic of Myfiery : under the Ifis is a ferpent, repre- icnting Eternity, In a circular form, including a Greek infcription, iignifying, “ I am whatever is, or has been, and will be j and no mortal has hitherto drawn afide my veil.” The library is divided into 16 compartments, over each of which is a bud of the follow- ing didinguiflied perfonages : John Wcfley, Dryden, Addilbn, Pott, Dr. Stukeley, Hogarth, Sir Ifaac Newton, Locke, Bacon, Voltaire, Milton, Raleigh, Boyle, Franklin, Sydenham, Fother- giii, and Mead. In this fpacious room, which is 4.0 feet in length,, and 20 in breadth, is an original painting of the defeat of the Spa- nlfh Ai'JTiada, which, fince the conflagration of Cowdry Houfe, is fiippofed to be the oniy reprefentation of that intereding event. The cabinets contain various fubjebls of natural hidory, as (hells, infebis, drcdes of various nations, &c. Thefpecimens of wood and of amber are, perhaps, unequalled. The mureum podtdes a coiieblion of medals, coins, ores, and minerals. In an adjoining room are contained petrifablions and fodils, and matchlefs fpecirnens of the coimi ammonis. Behind the dwelling houfe is the garden, and adjoining to the upper dirubbery is a fmall bowling green, terminating with a datue oi Urania fupporting a globe and dial, with this infcription j Pod ed occafio calva. Parallel w^ith this. datue is a group of figures reprefenting the Fates; on the back giound rifes Hygeia, near a column entwintd by a ferpent, emblematic of the healing art; (he days the hand of the Fate Atropos from the divlfion of the thread of life-. Bthind this group appear cedars of Libaniis; near Atropos is the herbs favine and deadly nightdiade, and at tlie feet of Hygeia floundies the arbor vit^. It is to recollebfed, that this givup was erebled on one of theDo( 51 oi’s fons coming of age. At 08 GROVE HILL. At the entrance of the kitchen garden is a ftatue of Flora, on the pcdeital of which are the following inicriptions^ On the front, Non caniniis Surdis, Omnia refpondet Flora. Gn the other fide of the pedeftal is infcribed, Arbitrlum in Dea Floris habe. Through the arbuilum, a walk of confiderable length is carried under the (hade of nearly loo fruit trees. This walk leads to an open portico fupported by eight fmall columns^ in the centre of this building is a fme piece of maihie datuary, reprefenting Cupid afleepj near a refervoir of water, ornamented with weeping wil- lows, fruit trees, and evergreens. From the portico the arbuflum is continued to the Temple of the Sy- bils. The defign v^as hrO: taken from a model in cork, of the Temple at Tivoli. This temple, ^inftead of Corinthian pillars, is fupported on the trunks or fliafts of i8 oak trees, covered with their natural barks, and their branches a little cropped i — round each of thefe truriks, ivy, virgin's bower, honeyfuckle, and vines, entwine their foliage atid flowers in fedcons. The outfide of the bafe is or- namented with bufts, in ftatiiary marble, of Ceres, Pomona, Cleo- patra, Marc Antony, Alexander, and various others. Here Ilkewife are preferved the mechanical inftruments of the Inte Mr, Fergufon, with which he fo clearly explained his in(h'u6tive ledliires. Among thefe are interfperfed many fpecimens of na- unal hiliory, and inflnimcnts of the arts of rude nations} and likewife the following models in cork by Dubourgr Temple of Fortune, Rome 5 Temple of Sybils, Tivoli 5 Tri- umphal Arch of Titus, Rome} Vlrgirs Tomb at Paufdipo, near Naples} Plautius’s Sepulchre, near Tivoli} Sepulchre of the Scipio Fai-iiily} Sepulchre of Horatii and Curia.tii, Rom^ } Temple of Kealtli, Rome. The apiary is utuated near the temple. It conffts of 64 hives, each of which is dihingniflied by the name of feme kingdom or independent nation, beginning wdtb tlie N. of Europe, and includ- ing in the fame manner Aha, Africa, and America; fo that a kind of hillory of the world is exhibited in the habitations of the indul- trious bee. Siiakefpeare’s walk leads from a canal about 2cofeet Icng, fliaded with cedars of Libanus, pines, and ibrubs. -At one e;-:i of the ^anaj is a reeded fhed, I’uppcrted by the trunks ot oaks, Ximilar to^ 'thofe of tile temple: at the oppofte extremity a Irnaii If ream of water falls into the canal through a vale, on wliich leans a Naiad, in ornamental ftone. The oiiginal well, forming this fheet of water, gives the name of Camberwell to the village. At the lower end of the w^alk is a (tatue of Shakcfpeaie, under a thatched died, lup- portvd GUN ported by the trunks of eight oak trees, bearing fefloons of the foliage of climbing Hirubs 5 and facing the iiatue is a fmall pond well Itored with filli. A continuation of Shakefpeare'’s walk leads to the cottage and fountain. The dormer is fupported by the trunks ot 18 oaks, en» twined with climbing evergreens, in the manner of the Sybil’s tem- ple. Within this range or oak columns is the fitting room, which, in confequence of its dimenfions, admits of a walk between it -and liie oaken colonnade; on each fide of the entrance are two grifiins, the fupporters or the city arms, which were removed Inther when Guild- hall was new fronted in 1790. Over the cot doer is a beautiful iculptured tablet, reprefenting Acis and G ea, in alto reiievOi, Fronting the cottage is a Oieet of water or refervoir, fuppUed by pipes under ground from the canal 5 the water pafhng througlvthe centre of abaibn of Portland done, riles in a fountain, which falling again into this refervoir, preferves it in continual agitation. in the front of the cottage, facing the refervoir, is a beautiful daiue, by Locatelii, of Venus rifuig from the Tea. Such are the foft enchanting feenes difplay’d. In all the blended charms of light and ihade,- At Camberwell’s fair grove, and verdant brow, << The lovlidl Surry’s fwdiing lulls can (how.” Maxjiuce. It has been aOerted that on this fpot George Barnwell murdered bis unde, which gave birth to Lillo's famous tragedy. We are indebted for much of the above information totheHev^., Mr. Maurice’s elegant poem called Grove Hill. GROVE HOUSE, the beautiful villa of Mrs. Luther, at Chif^ wick, feated on the Thames, in a very defirable and feqiidkred fpot. The premiies, containing So acres, are inclofed within a brick wail. The paddock abounds with a great number of old walnut-trees, and SpaoiOi chefnuts, the fruit of which has been known to produce Sol. a year. GROVE HOUSE, the feat of Philip Godfall, Efq. on an emi- nence on the verge of Hampifead Heath, with pieaiure-grounds, and a terrace that commands a ddightful f . GROVE HOUSE, the feat of Lady ^er Onflow, at Old Windfor, built by Mr. Bateman, uncle to the prefent Lord Bate- man. This gentleman madeTt a point, in his travels, to take no- tice of ev^ry thing that pieafed him in tlic monaftei ies abroad ; and, cn his return to England, he built this houfe 5 the bed-chambers of which he coiUi ived like the cells of monks,. %vith a refcclory, and every other appendage of a monaliery, even to a cemetery, and a cofiin, inferibed with the name of a fuppofitious ancient biiHop, Some curious Gothic chairs, bought at a faie of the curiohties ia this houfe, are now at Straw'berry Hiii. GUNNERSBURY house,' late a noble feat, in the parifh of Ealing, in Middlefex, was built for the celebrated Serjeant Ma)u K ^ naid H A C 100 rsard*, in 1663, by Webbe, a pupil of Inigo Jones, In 1711, it was purchafed for the late Princel's Amelia, after whofe death it was fold, in 1788. The materials have been fold by auction, and the houfe is about to be pulled down. H OACKNEY, a large and .populous village to the N. E. of Lon- don. The parilb has feveral hamlets, among which are Upper and Lower Clapton on the north j Dorlelton, Shack lewell, and Kingiton, on thewef^; and Homerton on the eaft. The prefent pariOi church is an old Gothic ltru6lure. Adjoining to the church- yafd, a new one, on a larger fcale, was begun, in 1791, in purfu- ance of an a6f of Parliament for that purpofe. It is a fine mo- dern drufture. On the S. hde of the church-yard was an ancient manfion, many years a boarding fchool for young ladies. In one of the windows were the arms of James I. Charles I. the Ele6^or Palatine, and the Duke of Holdeln, brother of Queen Anne of Denmark. Thefe arms, it is ccnjeilured, were placed there, to commemorate fome entertainment given to thefe illulti ioiis perfonages. This houfe be- longed, in the reign of Charles II. to Sir Thomas Vyner, fon of the Sir Robert Vyner, of whofe familiarity with that Monarch, a pleafant ftory is told in the Spe6lator, No. 462. It was entirely demolifhed a few years ago. At that period when the refidences of our Princes and Nobility were fcattered over the metropolis and its environs, Hackney was didinguiflied by capital manhons. At Clapton is Brooke Houfe, formerly the feat of a nobleman of that name, now a receptacle for lunatics. An ancient houfe in Wed- Street, let in tenements to poor people, and called St. John’s Palace, is Aippofed to hav^e been the refidence of the prior of the order of St. John of Jerufalem. A fpacioiis manfion, at the corner of the road leading to Dorle- ffon, and now let as a lodging-houfe, was the property and refidence of John Ward, Efq. M* P. whom Pope has thus “ damned to everlailing fame Riches, in effeol:, No grace of Heaven, or token of th’ ele6I : Given to the fool, the mad, the vain, the evil, To Ward, to Waters, Ch.artres, and the Devil. Hackney was the firft village near London that was accommodated * When this great lawyer fiiTt appeared before King William, after the R volution, being then at a very advanced age, that mo- T^arch obferved to him, that heluppoled he had furvived moftof the great lawyers of his time. “ Yes,” anfwered the Serjeant, “ and if your Majefty had not feafonably come over, I fhould have fur- vived the law itfelf." with ir £ r 101 with carriages for cccaficnal pafTengers j and hence the origin of tbe^ name of Hackney- coaclies. In this pariili, a little to the foutli of Lea-bridge, are jitiiated the Temple Mills, fo called from having once been part of the poflei- fions of the Knights Templars, as they were, afterward, bn the extirpation of that order, of the Knights of St. John. They are now ufed for preparing lead j and, at the Wick, are fome fiik mills* See Ne^ College, HADLEY, a village in Middlefex, near Baniet:, had once an hermitage, called Monkton Hadley. The church is built with ilint; over the wed door is tlie date 14.9s, and the iculpture of a rofe and a wing. On the top’cf the fteepie is an iron pitch pot, intended as a beacon. Hence the view of EiTex, over the trees, is beautiful. At Hadley is the feat of Francis Ruilel, Elq, See Derhani Park, Nefw Ledge, afid Wroth am Park, HAINAULT FOREST, is iituated to tlie S. E. of Epping Foreft, in Eilex. In this fordi, about a mile from Barking Side, ftiiids an oiik, which has been known through many centuries, by the name of Fair’op. ‘‘ The tr.^dition of the country,” lays Mr, Gilpin, in his Remarks on Fored Scenery, “ traces it half way up the Chridian era. It is dill a noble tree, though it has fuffered gi'eatly from the depredations of time. About a yard from tire ground, where its rough fluted dem Is 36 feet in circumference, it ' divides into eleven vad arms, yet not in the horizenta! manner of an oak, but rather in that of a beech. Beneath its fhade, which overlpreads an trea of 300 feet in circuit, an annual fair has long been held on tiie 2d of July ; and no booth is fuffered to be ereded beyond the extent of its boughs. But as their extremities axe now become fapiefs, and age is yearly curtailing their length, the liberties of the fair fvetn to be in a very defponding condition. The lionour, however, is great. But honours are often accompa- nied with inconveniencies , and Fairlop has fuffered from its ho- nourable' ddlindions. in the feading that attends a fair, fires are olten necefijryj and no places feem io proper to make them in, as th^ cavities formed by the decaying roots of the tree. This prac-. tlce has brought a more fpeedy decay on Fairlop than it migiit otherwile have fuffered.” But this tree is now fenced roiind woth' a clofe paling, about five feet high. Almod all the extremities of its branches have been fawed off, and Mr. Foriyth’s compofi- tion applied to them, to predrve them from decays and the injury which the trunk of the tree had fufiained from the lighting of dres in the cavities, has been repaired, as much as po/linlc, by the fame cornpofition. On one of the branches is fixed a board, vy'ith, this infeription: “ All good foreders are requeued not to hurt this old tree, a plader having been lately applied to his wounds.” Many, years ago, Mr. John Day, a worthy, but whimfical charaaer, . in Wappmg, ufed annually to go and dine with his friends, on beans and bacon,- under this tree j from which circumiiance 'ori^d- nated the annual fair now held under it. Mr. Day had his coffin ^3 made 102 , HAL made out of one of tlie large ft arms of this tree, and kept It many years by him. Among the numerous focietles that have been formed, lince the revival of the fafhionable amufement of archery, that of “ The Hainault Forefters” is not the leaft diftinguiflied, as the principal ladies and gentlemen of the county belong to the afifociation, and, at certain times, march in proceflion round this venerable father of the f) 4 van race. They are drefTed in an elegant uniform, and at- tended by a band of mufic, and aii “ quality, piide, pomp, and cir- cuinftance of gloricus archery.’’ HAILEY-BURY, the feat and plantations of William Wal- ker,Tfq. between Hoddefdon and Hertford, 19 miles from London. HALING HOUSE, the ancient feat and fine park of William Parker Hamond, Ei’q. at Croydon. Charles Howard, the cele- brated Lord Admiral, in the reign of Elizabeth, held it by a leafe of the Crown, and died here, in 1624. The fine grove in the park contains a great number of exotics and evergreens ; a circum- ftance which is thus celebrated by the late William Whitehead, in a poem, entitled, “ Anfwcr to an Epiftle from a Grove in Derby- fhire to a Grove in Surry I envy not, I fwcar and vow. The temples or the fliades of Stow ; Nor Java’s groves, whofe arms difplay Their bloiToms to the riling day ; Nor Chili’s woods, whofe fruitage gleams. Ruddy beneath his fettlng beams 5 Nor Teneriffa’s forefts fliaggy, Nor China’s varying Sharawaggi : Nor all that has been fiing or laid Of Pindus, or of Windfor’s fliade. HALL-BARN, at Beaconsfield, Is celebrated as the feat of Waller the Poet. It is remarkable that this great man, who was born at Coiefliill, toward the decline of life bought a fmall houfe, with a little land, on his natal fpot 5 obferving, “ that he fhould be glad to die, like the ftag, where he was roufed.” This, however, did not happen. “ When he was at Beaconsfield,’’ fays Johnfon, he found his kgs grow tumid : he went to Windfor, where Sir Charles Scarborough then attended the King, and requefted him, as both a friend and phyfician, to tell him what that fwelling meant. Sir,” anfwered Scarborough, “ your blood will run no longer.” W. ller rtpeated fome lines of Virgil, and went home to die. As the difeafe increafed upon him., he compofed himfelf for his departure 5 and calling upon Dr. Birch to give him the holy fa- crament, he defired his children to take it with him, and made an earneft declaration of his faith in Christianity. It now appeared what pait of his converfation with the great could be remembered with delight. He related, that being prefent when the Duke of Buckingham talked profanely before King Charles, he faid to him, “ My H A M 103 My Lord, T am a great deal older than your Grace, and have, I believe, heard more arguments for atheifm than ever your Grace did j but I have lived long enough to fee there is nothing in then], and fo I hope your Grace vvili.” This celebrated poet died at Beaconsfield, in 1687, at the age of 82. A handfome monument was ere< 5 led to his memory, by his fon’s executors, in 1700, on the eaft fide of the church-yard, near the family vault, where an old walnut-tree is remaining, at the weft end of the monument, inclofed within the iron rails around the tomb. Part of the branches hanging over the fpiral pillar that rifes from the monument, has a pleafing effe 61 :, and happily illidl trates the rebus alluded to in the family arms, which is a walnut- leaf. The Latin inicription on the monument is by Rymer, and is to be feen in every edition of our poet’s works.' The houfe is the property of Edmund Waller, Efq. one of his defcendants. The gardens were confidered, before the improvements of thefe times, as very magnificent. Mr. Waller has let the houfe to Mr. Blair. HALSTEAD PLACE, the feat and park of George Arnold, Efq. 18 miles from London, on the road to Sevenoaks. HAM COMMON, a village between Peterftiam and Kingfton, to which laft it is a ham'et. Here is the villa of the Earl of Buck- inghamfhire, and in the houfe now the refidence of Lady Douglas, lived the Duchefs of Queenfberry, the celebrated patronefs of Gay. On Ham Common are alfo the refidences of General Forbes, the Bifliop of St. David’s, William Douglas, Efq. Mrs. Garland, Thomas Cole, Efq. Lady Stanley, Fiederic Pigow,jun. Elq. Hon. Mrs. Chetwynd, Lady Archer, &c. And in Ham Lane are the houfes of Ladyjuliana Penn, Major Hook, Jofeph Bradley, Efq, Thomas Mortyn, Efq. and Henry Cowper, Efq. HAM, EAST, a village in Effcx, between Weft Ham and Bark- ing. In this parifh, is a fpring called Miller’s Well, the water of which is efteemed to be exceedingly'* good, and has never been known to be frozen, or to vary in its height. A part of Kent, in the parifti of Woolwich, lies on this fide of the Thames, and di- vides this parifh from that river. See Green Street Houje. HAM FARM, the feat of the Earl of Portmor^, at Wey- b ridge, in Surry, a handfome brick ftru< 51 ure, with a fine lawn be- fore the garden front. The grounds confift of 500 acres, 130 of which are laid out for pleafure, btfidea paddock of 60 acres. Here is a line command of water, there being two navigable rivers 5 the Thames, which comes with a fine bending courfp' by the fide of the terrace \ and ihe Wey, which runs dire 61 iy thK>iigh the grounds, and joins the Thames at the terrace. There is a fwing bridge over the Wey, which may be turned afide at pleafure, to let boats and other vefiels pafs. The Wey is navigable to Guildford. What is called the Virginia Water, runs from Windfor Great Park, and flows hither through Woburn Farm. The terrace next the Thames is beautiful j and there are good views from it, and other parts of the gardens. This place was firlt beautified by the Countefs of Ikjrcheto, miftrefs of James il. HAM H A M 104 HAM HOUSE, tlie feat of the Earl of Dyf-irt, fiuiate on the Thames, near Richmond, bin in the pariui of Kingtion, was bniit in i6io, and was intended, it is laid, for the refidence of Kemy, Prince of Wales. Charles II. granted it to the Duke and Dnehefs of Lauderdale, and to the heirs of the lattei- by her Hrft Imfband, Sir Lionel Toilemache, Bart. * it then underwent conliderablc alie- rations, and now remains a very curious fpecimen of a mannon of that age. The ceilings are painted by Verrlo, and the rooms are ornamented with that maOy magnificence of decoration then in fafiiion. The furniture is very rich 5 and even the bellows and brufhes, in fome of the apartments, are of folid filver, or of filla- gree. In the centre of the houfe is a large h?dl, furrounded by an open gallery. The baiufirades of the grand fiaircafe, which is re- markably fpacious and fubfiantial, are of walnut-tree, and orna- mented with military trophies. On the W. fide of the houfe is a gallery, 92 feet in length, hung with portraits. Kam Houfe con-, tains fome fine pi6lines by the old mailers, among which the works of Vandervelde and Wouvermans are the mofi confpicu. us. The principal portraits are, the Duke of Lauderdale and the Earl of Hamilton, C. Janlien j theDuke andDuchsis of Lauderdale, Lely; the Duke, in his robes of the Order of the Garter, Ditto; Charles II. who fat for this piclure for the Duke; Sir John IVIaitiand, Chancellor of Scotland; Sir Henry Vane; William Murray, firit Earl of Dyfart; Catharine, his wife, a beautiful piiSlure, In water colours, Holkins ; Sir Lionel Toilemache, firll hulband to the Duchefs of Lauderdale; General Toilemache, who was killed in the expedition againll Breu ; James Stuart, Duke of Fliclimond, a very fine pi6lure, by Vandyke; and tlie late Countefs of Dyfart, Reynolds. HAM, WEST, a village in Efiex, one mile S. of Stratford. Near the Abbey Mills, are the fite and remain^ of a monallery, call- ed the i\bbey of Stratford Lanthorne, founded in 1135, the de- rnefne of w'hich, in this parifii, included 1500 acres ; and tl^ey hrd manors in many counties. A gateway of the Abbey is iliil Hand- ing; and, adjoining to the Adam and Eve public iicufe and tea- gardens, is one of the Hone arches of the Abbey-, where the ground has been much raifed. In the kitchen, is a carved grave- Hone, on which were once fome inferiptions cut in brafs. in the garden, is a ftone-cofiin, dug up in 1770; and, in 1792, ftveial urns, with three leaden coffins, an antique feal, and fome old coins, were dug up in a field adjoining t© the Adam and Eve. Mr. Hoibrook, the proprietor of the field, after having built walls with fome of the Itones, fold laige quantities of tiicm to great advantage. In the faiTie field, is one of the chapels nearly entire, and now a ftable. * This lady was one of the two daughters and coheirefies of Will, Murray, Earl of Dyfart; which title was granted to herieit and. htiis, by Charles II. The great John Duke ot Argyle, her grandfon, and his brother and fv.ccefibr, Archibald, w'ere born in this houfe. HAhU HAM 105 HAMMERSMITH, a village in Middlefex, four miles from London, on the great weftern road, which, with Brook. Green, Pal- knfwick or Stanbrook Green, and Shepherds’ Bufli, forms the Hammerfinith divifion, ox fide ^ as it is termed, of the paridi of Ful- ham. Here is a nunneft y, which (according to very refpe^lable in- formation communicated to Mr. Lyfons, Vol. II. p. 420) took its rife from the following circumftance. In 1669, Mrs. Bedingheld and another lady fet up a boarding-fehool at Hammerfmith, for young ladies of the Roman Catholic perfunfion. Soon after its in- Ititution, the governeffes and teachers having voluntarily obliged themfelves to the obfervance of monadic rules, it obtained the name of a nunnery. Its celebrity as a Roman Catholic fchool has con- tinued during the prefent century 5 and moit of the fadiionable fe- males arnong the Roman Catholics have receivM their education there. It has kept up its claim alfo to the title of a nunnery, many devotees having, from time to time, taken the veil, and doomed them- fdves to voluntary ftcluhon. There is a ohapel at the nunnery, and ,.^j^hpr at Brook Green, where, alfo, there is a Roman Catholic water-fide, now occupied as an academy by Catharine, Dowager of Charles II. rcfided for during the fummer fealbn. — In Mr. Cotton’s houfe>alfo oh fide of the Thames, are two remarkably fine catalpa trees, etich^ them five feet in girth. Hammerfmkh has a chapel of eafe, which is a curacj^, in the patronage of the Bifhop of London, and here Mr. Dorville has a handfbme feat. Brandenburg Houfe, HAMPSTEAD, a large and populous village in Middlefex, four mi-es from London. It lies on the declivity of a hill, on the fummit of which is an extenfive heath. The fine views of the me- tropolis, and of the didant country, which are .to be feen from the heath, and from mod parts of the village, are not the only beauties of the feene: the home landfcape, coniiding of broken ground, di- vided into inclofures, and well planted with elms and other trees, is extremely pl6liirefque. On the fide of the hill, to the ead of the town, is a fpring of mineral water, drongly impregnated with iron, which was formerly much frequented. Adjoining to it is a long room, ufed, when the wells were in fadiion, for promenades, public breakfads, &c. It is now converted into a chapel of eafe. In the adjoining walks, feveral Roman fepulchral urns, vafes, earthern lamps, &c. were dug up in 1774. To the S. W. of Hampdead was an ancient maiifion *houfe, call- ed Belfyfe, the feat of many perfons of confequence from the reign of Henry VIII. In 1720, it was converted into a place of public entertainment 5 particularly for mufic, dancing and playj and it was much frequented on account of its vicinity to London. It con- tinued open till the year 1745, when it experienced the caprice of falhion. The old manfion has been pulled down fome years, and on its fite is a modern-built houfe. The edate is held under the dean i 06 HAMPTON. dean and chapter of Weftminfter, by the Earl of Chefterheld, whofe under tenant is Mr. Richardfon, A houfe in Hampltead, now the property of James Pilprain, Efq. is fuppofed to be that in which the ceiebrated Sir Henry Vane redded, at the time of the Redoration. It afterward belonged to • Dr. Jofeph Butler, Bifhop of Durham, Author of the Analogy betvv?een Natural and Revealed Religion. That prelate lived here many years, and ornamented the windows with a conliderabie quan- tity of Rained glafs, (principally fubje( 5 ls^ from Scripture) which ftili remaiiib there. On ihe fide of the hill, is an ancient building called The Chicken Houfe, in a window of which are fmali portraits in Rained glafs of James I. and the Duke of Buckingham. Tradition lays that it was a hunting feat of James II. Sir Richard Pepper Arden has a beautiful villa near the church ; and Lord Chancelior Loughborough, and the Hon. Thomas Eri- kine have alfo villas here. See Gro^ue Houfe, Ken Wood and Fiiz- roj Farm, The cluirch was confidered as a chapel of cafe to Hendotn till 1477, when it became a perpetual curacy, and has Rnce been con- ilantly annexed to the manor, which belongs to General Sir Tho-, mas Spencer Wilfon, Bart. The church was rebuilt in 1747. On a tomb in the church-yard, to the memory of the Hon. Mifs Elizabeth Booth, and of her two brothers, (by whofe death, in 1757, the title of Lord Delaraere became extinH) are the tollow- ing lines, written by Mr. Cooper, Author of the Life of Socrates, and of other ingenious pieces t Heavenward dme6lcd all her days, Her life one a6I of prayer and praife, With every milder grace infpir’d, To make her lov’d, efleem’d, admir’d : Crown’d with a cheerfulnefs that Riow’d, How pure the fource from whence it Row’d i Such was the maid — when in her bloom, Finding the appointed time was come, To Reep Rie limk, without one Rgh — The faint may Reep, but cannot die. KeRrundiRurb’d, ye much-lamented pair, - The fmiling infant, and the riling heir. Ah ! what avails it that the bloRbms Rioot, In early promife of inaturer fruit, If death’s chill hand Rial! nip their infant bloom •, And wither ail their honours in the tomb ? Yet weep not, if in life’s allotted (hare. Swift Red their youth They knew iiot age’s care. HAMPTON, a village of Middlefex, ftuate on the Thames, oppofire the mouth of the river Mole.. It is 14J miles from Lon- don i HAMPTON-COURT. 107 don j and here is a ferry over the Thames to Weft Moulfey, and a bridge to Eaft Moulfey. Adjoining to this village is HAMPTON-COURT, a royal palace, fituate on the north bank of the Thames, two miles from Kingfton. It was magnifi- cemly built with brick, by Cardinal V. obey, who let up 280 fiik beds for ftrangers only, and richly ftoied it with gold and filver plate; but It railed fo much envy ag^inft him, that, to icreen him- feif from its efte regio. The Dra%mng Roomy hung with tapeflry ; the fubje6l, Abrabani fending his fervant to get a wife for Ifaac, and Rebecca opening the trunks of treafure. In this room is a whole length of Charles I. by Vandyckj the Cornaro family, after Titian,, by Old Stone; David with Goliah’s head, Fetti; and the Holy Family, Schidone. - King's State Bed Chambery hung with tapeflry, reprefenting the hillory of Jofhua. The ceiling by Verrio, reprefents Endy- mion and Diana. , On another part of the ceiling is a fine figure of Soninus, With his attendants. The paintings are Jofeph and his Miftreis, Orazio Gentslefchi ; a Flower-piece, Baptift ; ditto. Bog- dane; and Anne, Duchefs of York, Lely . T\\t King' s Drejfing Roof 7 ty the ceiling painted by Verrio; Mars is fieeping in the lap of Venus, while jfosrie Cupids ileal away his armour, and others are binding him with fetters of rofes. This room contains a Flower-piece by Old Baptiil ; Flowers, Wltbaos; Dead Game, Van Aelft; a Saint’s Head, G. Douw| ChriH and St. John, Da Vinci ; Francis L of France, and his Queens jannet : Hefhemeer, Holbein; Angel and St. Peter, Steenv/yck ; Charles I, on horfeback, Vam.yck; the Great Mogul; a Landfoape with figures, P. Brill ; L@t and his Daughters, Podemburg | a Battle, B Wou¥iir'» 110 HAMPTON-COURT. Wouvermans ; Diana and Nymphs bathing, .Podembiirg ; the In-. fide of a Cluirdi, with the Woman taken in Adultery (the figures by Old Franks) Deneef; Henry VIII. Holbein j Erarmus, Ditto.; a Woman finging, and a Man, G. Douw; and a Ffower-piece, Young Baptid, In the King's Writing Clcfet are the Shepherds’ Offering, Old Palma; Quien Henrietta, after Vandyck, Gibfon; Sacharifia, RufTel ; the Centaur cariying away ;the AVife of Hercules, after Julio Romano ; a Flower-piece, Bpgdane; Judith and HolofernrS, P. V^eronefe; a Magdalen's Head, SafTo Feirato; David and Go- iiah j Adminidration of the Sacrament, Eafi’an ; the Judgment of Paris, from Raphael; Nymphs and Satyrs, by Poelemburg; a Land (cape, with Cattle, Vandcrvelde ; the Plead of Cyrus brought to Thomyris, Vincentio Male ; Peter and the Angel, Steenwyck ; a Landfeape, Wouvermans; a Peacock, Bogdane; the Vifuation, Carlo Maratti; Charles I. at Dinner, Baflan; and a Flower-piece, Bogdane. Marys Ck/ei, hung with needle- work, faid to be wrought by herfelf and her maids of honour. The paintings are, the Virgin teaching Chrift to read, Gneremo ; Holy Family, DoITo de Ferrara.; Lord Darnley and bis Brother, Luca de Heere; KIngof.Bohemia at Dinner, Baifm; Charles V. initiated into the Church; Q^een of George I. ; Mofes driking the Rock, Marco Ricci ; St. Jerome, Mieris; Mrs Lemon, Vandyck; George!.; a Landfeape, Dietrice; St. Francis, Teniers; a Madonna and St.John, Guercino; a Lady; Bellini, the Mailer of Titian, by himfelf ; a Bunch of Grapes, Ve- reld ; a Woman, Piombo : the Shepherds’ Offering, Ricci ; a Wo- man milking a Goat, Bergen; a Woman, Rembrandt; the Afecn- fion of the Virgin, Calvert.; and a Landfeapt^, PoufTm. The ^eens Gallery ^ hung with feven piicvs of taptdry, after the famous paintings of Le Brim; x. Alexander’s Triumphal Entry into Babylon; i. his Battle with Perus ; 3. Himftlf and Bucepha- lus; 4.. his Vint to Diogenes; 5. his Confuitation with the Sooth layers ; 6. his Battle with Darius; 7. the Tent of Darius. The ^eens State Bed Chamber ^ the ceiling painted by Thorn- hill; Aurora is lifing out of the ocean, in her chariot, drawn by four horfes. The paintings are, James I. ; Q^een Anne, ids Con- fort, both by Van Tomer ; Henry Prince of Wales, Mj^ens; the Duchefsof Brunfwick, Moreelze; a Landfeape, Zucarelli; and the portraits of George I. George II. Q^een Caroline, and Frederic Prince of Wales;. The fern's Drawing Roonty the ceiling painted by Veirio; m the middle of which is Q^een Anne in the chara6fer of Judice; Meptune and Britannia holding a crown over her head. This room has nine pi£f tires (formerly all in one piece of great length) repre- fenting a triumph of Julius Caefar, in water colours, upon canvafs, by And. Manregna, Over the two doors are Chiidaixi the Wo- tnan of Samaria, and another Scripture piece, by Ricci. The State Audience Room, hung withtapedry, reprefent. ing HAMPTOiV-COUKT. Ill ing Melchifedec giving bread and wine to Abraham. In this are fix pi6tiires, viz. a Lady ; the Countefs of Lenox; Bacchus and Ariadne^ Giro Ferri; Margaret, Q^een of Scots, Mytens j the Duke of BrunlWick, and his Butchefs. The Public Dining Room^ in which the late King ufed to dine In date, is ornamented with the following piAiures ; Charles Ele^lor Palantine; four Ship-pieces, Vanderveide ; Bacchus and Ariadne, after Guido, Komaneiii ; Princefs Elizabeth ;.Chrift in the Houfe ot Lazarus, Ricci; the Pool of Bethefda, ditto; Baccio Bandinelli, Conegio; the woman taken in Adultery, Ricci; Prince Rupert, Mif evelt. In this room is the model oi a palace that was intended for Richmond. The Prince of Wales^s Prefence Chamber^ hung with tapeilry, reprdenting the itory of Tobit. In this room is a portrait of Gon- domar, the Spaniili Ambaff.dor, Blenberg; Guzman, another Spa- nidi AmbalTador ; Qiteen of France, Pourbiis ; Lewis XIII. of Franoe? Beleamp; and Ahafueius and Efther, Tintoret, The Prince of Wales'' s Drawing Room^ hung with tapeftry, re- prefeming Elymas itruck with blmdnefs, taken from one of the cat toons at Wmdfor. Here are the Duke of Wirtemburg, Mark Gerards; the Queen of Philip II, of Spain; Count Mansfcid, My fens. The Prince of Wales'' s Bed Chamber, has the Duke of Lunen- burg, Mytens ; Alexander Duke of Parma; a SpaniOi Nobleman, Pantago; and the Queen of Chriftian IV. of Denmark. In the Private Chapel is the Lord's Supper, by Tintoret. In the Clofet next the Chapel, are George II. ; Q^een Caroline | Jonah under the Gourd, Heemikirk j a Landfcape; a Head, Arte- mifia Gentilefchi. In the Private Dining Room, are eight Ship- pieces, fix of them by Vandervelde, four of which repreient the defeat of the Spanifh Armada ; and over the chimney is the Earl of Nottingham, Zuc- chei o. T\iq Clofet next the Private Dining Room, has the Murder of the Innocents, Brughei ; and the Rape of the Sabines. The King's Private Drefjing Room is hung with tapeftry, repre- fenting the Battle of Solebay; and contains the portraits of Sir John Lawfon, the Duke of Gloucefler, and the Earl of Sandwich. In the King's Private Bed Chamber are a Friar and Nuns at a Banquet, Longepier; and Sufannah and the Elders, P. Veronefe. In the Clofet next the Private Bed Chamber are Jupiter and Eu*. ropa, and two Madonnas. In the Council Chamber, formerly the Cartoon Gallery, are the Duke of Alva, Rubens ; the Deluge, Baflan ; the Judgment of Midas, Schivone; the Mufes in Concert, Tintoret; the Shepherds’ Offering, Old Palma ; Our Saviour and the Woman of Samaria, ditto; Charles I. after Vandyck, Old Stone. In this room is the model of a palace that was intended to be built in Hyde Park. The Dining Room contains the portraits of nine celebrated beau- L a tics, 112 H A M ties, viz. Coimteflls of J^eterboroygh and Ranelagb, Lady Middle^ ton, Mifs Pitt, Dnchefs of St. Alban’s, Countcires of Lff'ex and Dorfet 5 Q^een IMaiy, and the Duchefs of Grafton. V/e come next to the atmrcofey the ceiling painted by Vick,^ Here are Charles II. and his Q^een, with the Duke of Buckingham, reprefenting Science in the habit of Mercury, while Envy is (f ruck down by naked boys. , The palace confifts of three quadrangles : the firft and fecond are Gorhi-c, but in the third are the royal apartments, magnificently biiilt of brick and hone by ICing W^iliiani 111. The gardeiivS aie not in the prefenr dyle, but in that which prevailed fome years ago, ^vhen mathematical figures w^ere preferi’ed to natural fonns. I he celebrated Brown had his prefent Majelly’s permifiion to make whatever improvements in thele gaidens his fine imagination might fuggefi ; but he declared his opinion, that they appeared to the beR advantage in iheir prdent ftate. Their regularity and grandeur are, indeed, more fultable to the magnificence of a royal palace, than the more natural beauties of a private viiia. At the extremity of the. gardens, oppofite Thames Ditton, is the lodge belonging to the Duke of Glouceifer, as Ranger ofHampton- Court Park. It is called the Pavilion, and is a neat little firu^ure# To this palace Charles the Firff was brought by the army in 16475 and here “.he lived for feme time,” fays Hume, with an ap- pearance of dignity and freedom.” From this confinement, how- ever, (for fuck in reality it was) he efcaped in the fame year.' His ferene Highnefs William V. Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of the United Provinces, having been driven from his country, by the iuccefslul termination of the French invafion, at the commencement of the year 1795, has refided in this palace ever- fin ce, with his illuf- irious confort. The apartments alloited to them are thefe called The Prince of Wales’s. HAMPTON HOUSE, the elegant villa of Mrs. Garrick, at Hampton. When the late David Garrick purchafed the houfe, he gave it,, a new front, by Adam 5 and the extenfive grounds were laid out with great tafte, under his pwn direction. Near the Thames he ereCled an elegant temple to Shakefpeare. On a pedefial in this, temple is the flatiie, by Roubiliac, of cur immortal bard. The ** Four Periods of an Eleefion,” by Hogarth, are the molt remark- able among a few good^ pictures in this houfe. HAMPTON WICK, a village in Mkidiefex, at the foot of Kingfton Bridge. A patriot of this place has his memory recorded in a fine print of him, which the neighbours, who are. fond of a walk in Bufiiy Park, muft regard with veneration. It has under it this infeription: “ Timothy Bennet, of Hampton Wick, in Middle- fex. Shoemaker, aged 75, 1752. This true Briton (unwilling to- leave the world worle than he found it) by a vigorous application of the laws of his country in the caufe of liberty, obtained a free pafiage through Bufiiy Park, which had many years been witheld from the people,” HANWELLa H A R 113 HANWELL, a village, eight miles from London, In the road to Uxbridge. Its little church, a neat ftru^ure of brick, was rebuilt in 1782. See B rentford. HANWELL HOUSE, in the parifh of Hanwell, the feat and park of William Harwood, Efq. HAN WORTH PARK, in Mlddlefex, to the weft of Twlcken^ ham, lately the feat of the Duke of St. Alban’s, was a favourite palace of Henry VIII. and here, in 1600, Queen Elizabeth dined and hunted. After having been fold to a carpenter, and let out in lodgings, this fine old houfe was deftroyed by fire in 1796. See Ketnpton Green, HAREFIELD, a village in Mlddlefex, between Rickmanfworth and Uxbridge, 20 miles from London. Here Sir Edward Ander- fon, Lord Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas in the reign of Q^een Elizabeth, had a feat 5 which coming into the poffeffion of the late George Cooke, Efq. that gentleman rebuilt it 5 and it is now the property of his grand fon, and in the joint occupation of three daughters of the late Earl of \Vinchelfea, Lady Efl'ex, Lady Hatton^ and Lady Augufta Finch. The old houfe was famous for the re- fidence of the Countefs of Derby, before whom Milton’s Arcades was there prefehted. “ I viewed this houfe,” fays Mr. Warton, in his edition of Milton’s Juvenile Poems, few years ago, when it was, for the moft part, remaining in its original ftate. Milton, when he wrote Arcades, was ftill living with his father, at Horton, near Colnbrook.” This Lady Derby, Dowager of Ferdinando the fifth Earl, married Lord Chancellor Egerton, for whofe fon, John Earl of Bridgewater, Milton wrote his Comus. Harefield Place, in this parifh, is the ieat of William Baynes, Efq. Near this is a villa, which Count Bruhi purchafedof the.Tieufdale family. His Excellency has made many capital improvements in itj having built, in particular, a fine obfervatory, and furnifhed it with the bdl ma« thematical inftruments. HARE HALL, the elegant feat of T. A. Wallinger, Efq. 13 miles from London, on the right hand of the road to Chelmsford* It confifts of a centre and two wings, built of (tone, by Mr. Paine. HARLOW, a village in Eftex, 23 miles from London, on the road to Stortford. It had once a market, now difeontinued ; but, on a common, two miles from the town, is an annual fair, on the 9th of September, for hories, cattle, &c. which is much reforted to by the neighbouring gentry. It is called Harlow Bulb Fair, See Fijhichury, HARMONDSWORTH, a village in Mlddlefex, tw’o miles from Colnbrook. It has one of the largeft barns in England, whofe fup- porting pillars are of ftone, and fuppofed to be of great antiquity. See Langford. HARROW ON THE HILL, in Mlddlefex, 10 miles from London, cn the higheft hill in the county. This hill, infulated as k were, mi rifmg out of a rich vale, affords a variety of beautiful ^ 3 profpeilsa 114 HAT pro(pe 61 &. The view toward the eaft is terminated by the metropcr- lis5 to the font h by the Surry hills. Toward the north, it is the ieait extenfive, being intercepted by the high ground about Stan- more and Harrow- weald : on this fide, the village of Stanmore,, and Bentley Priory (the Marquis of Abercom’s feat,) are the mod. confplcuous obje6ls. The view toward the weft and fouth-weft, which is very extenfive and beautiful, may be feen to the greateft. advantage from the church-yard, whence the ground declines pre- cipitately to Roxeth Common, where, the fcenery is very pleafing :: the diftant profpeft takes in Windfor Caftle,, and a conftderable' part of Berks and Buckinghamftiire. On the brow of the hill, de- icending to Sudbuiy Common, is, a fmall villa belonging to Sir William Green, Bart, with a beautiful garden and fhrubbery, which commands nearly the fame profpe6l. On the brow of Sud- bury Hill,^ is a villa called the Hermitage,, now in the occupation of Mrs. Roberts. The manor-hoiue of Harrow is the feat of Sir John Ruftiout,=. Bart,. Another manor-houfe,. called Headftone, is the property of John Afgill Bucknail, Riq.j a third, called Wembley, is the property of Richard Page, Efqv whole family have held if ever fuice the year 1544^ aimed the only inftance in Middlefex, ■fays^Mr. I/yfons, of a family now exifting, who have been.refident proprietors for two centuries and. a half. The parifli- church, with its lofty fpire, forms a very confpi- cuous obje6l. But Harrow is chiefly celebrated for its freefchool,, which; now ranks among the £rd public feminaries in the kingdom. It was founded, in the reign of Elizabeth, by John Lyon, a wealthy yeoman of Prefton in this parifti. See Bentley Priory. HATCHLANDS-, the feat of George Sumner, Efq. five miles- from Guilford, on the Epfom road, is a. handfome modern houfe.,. with a fmal! park., HATFIELD, a maidcet-town in Herts, 19I miles from London,, was part of the revenue of the Saxon princes, till it was beftowed^ by Edgar, on. the monadery of Ely, in which it continued till that abbey was converted into a bifhopric in the reign of Henry I, If. then became one of the refidences of the prelates, who had no-^ fewer than ten palaces belonging to the fee 5 and hence it was called Bidiop’s Hatfield, ft was alienated to the crown in the.- reign of Elizabeth,. It had before been an occafional royal rell- dence, notwithdanding it was the property of the church. Wi!^ liam of Hatfield, fecond fon of Edward III, was born here. en Elizabeth refided here many years before fhe came to the crown 5 here, in 1587, lire was vifited by Queen Mary j and hence,, cn the death of Mary, ftie v^^as conduced to afeend the. throne* James I. exchanged this royal demefne for Theobalds, with Sif Robert Cecil, afterwaid Earl of Saiilbury. HATFIELD HOUSE, the magnificent feat of the Marquis of Salilbury, built on the fite of the ancient epifeopah palace at Hatfield IT A ¥ fl’5 Hat^elcf by Robert firfl Earl of Salifbiiry.. The houfe is- Built of brick, in the form of a half H- In the centre is a portico of nins arches, and a lofty tower,: on the front of Which is. the date i6ii. The noble founder inclcfed two parks 5 one for red, and -the- other for failow deer ; and, in the fird, he planted a fine vineyard, which was in exiftence^when Charles L was conveyed hei*e a pri- foner to the army,. James, the dith Earl, fiiffered this palace to fall into decay but the kte Earl rellored it to its priftine magnificence, after the defigns of Mi^> DonoweiL- The park and plantations too, which are watered by the Lea, now exhibit ail the beautiful fcenery of modern gaidening.. In this houfe are feverai fine paintings i among which are a por- trait of Q^een Elia^abeth, having in one hand this flattering motto, ‘‘ Non fme foie iris 5” and a portrait of Petrarch’s Laura,, ©n wiiich is this infcription,: Laura fui r vlridem, Raphael fecit^,. atque Petrarcha.” HAVERING BOWER, village in Effex, three miles- from- Kumford, in the parish of Hornchurch,, and liberty of Haverinej was a feat of feme of our Saxon Kings 3 particularly of f v /. f , ' ; faint, Edward the C.onfdlbr, who took great delight in it, as being woody,- folitaryj and fit for devotion. fo abounded, lays the old legend, ‘‘ with warbling nightingales, that they dif- turbed hina in his^ devotions. He therefore earneilly prayed for their abfence p. fince which time never nightingale was heard to fing in the park, but many without the pales, as in other places.” It was named Bower, from fome fine bower, or fliady walk, like Rofamond’s Bower, at Wooddock. It is a charming fpot, having an extenfive profpe6f over a great part of EOex, Herts, Kenr,. Middiefex, and Surry, and of the Thames, with the fliips failing, tip and down. Here the Confefipr is reported to have built a. pa- lace, fome part of the walls of wdiich are ftill {landing, Bcfides this palace there was another, called Perg©, that fee os to have been always the jointure houfe of a Q^een Confort. Here died Joan, Queen of Henry IV. It was certainly one of the royal feats in the reign of Queen Elizabeth ; for, during her progrefs into- Suffolk in 1570, fhe redded here ferae daiys-. It waS' the feat of t^he late Lord Archer,, and was pulled down in 1 7,70. On the fite of the former is.; the elegant villa of Sir John Smith Burges, Bart; called the Bower Houfe, and near this is Bedford’s, the feat of John Heaton, Efq, HAYES,, a village in Middlefex, 13. miles from London, on the road to Uxbridge, has a large church, the chancel of which is curioiifly ornamented,, and has fome good monuments. In this parifli is Hayes Park, the property of Capt. J.fbph Fraine, of the navy, and the refidence of Mr. Juilice Heath. Here is alfo a fine old manfion; the refidence of Mr* Aidtrman C*,mbe. See Faddmgion-^ HAYES 116 HEN HAYES PLACE, near Bromley, in Kent, the elegant villa of the late Earl of Chatham, who laid out great lums in fine im- provements. It was afterwards the property of Lord Lewifham, who advertifed it for fale. Philip Dehany, Efq. is the prefent, poflefTor. HEARTS, the feat of Jervoife Clerke Jervoife, Efq. at Wood- ford, near nine miles from London, fituate behind feveral rows of elms, whkh form a fine evening walk. It was built by Sir Hum- phrey Handforth, mafter of the robes to James I. That King' was fond of this houfe, and often breakfafted here, when he hunted in Epping Foreft. By marriage it became the property of the Onflows j and the famous fpeaker of the Houfe of Commons was born here. When the Onflows removed into Surry, this eflate was fold, liuce which it has had different proprietors. The laff owner, Richaid Warner, Efq. whole only niece Mr. Jervoife mar- ried, 'was a literary charafter. He left here a colle< 51 :ion of pic- tures, by eminent mailers, and was very curious in the dlfpofition of his garden, in which is a large maze, and .a thatched houfe in the middle, with lines in Latin and Englifli, emblematical of the fituation, but now almofl illegible. BEDS OR LODGE, the elegant feat of Lord Bolton, ftands In a lofty fituation, near Cliefden. The grounds are formed by na- ture into high Hoping hills and deep vallies, with a variety of woods well diifributed. The declivities of the hills, tov^/ards the w’elf, are Heep ; and, in the fouth, near the Thames, is a chalky precipice, whence the ground rifes boldly by the fummit, on which this noble manfion appears conlpicuous.. The txtenfive views from this are enriched by villages, feats, and a variety of rural fcenery. HEMPSTEAD, or HEMEL HEMPSTEAD, a market- town in Herts, 22| miles from London. It Hands among hills, upon the river Gade. It was incorporated by Henry VIII, and is governed by a Bailiff. The market which is Hill a very good one, was formerly efteemed one of the greateft in England for wheat j 20>oool. a week having been often returned only for meaU HENDON, a village in Middlefex, feven miles from London, fituate on a rivulet called the Brent. Hendon Place, a fine feat in this paiilh, is the property of George Snow, Efq. of Langton, in Dorfetlhire, and the refidence of George Peters, Efq. Here was a remarkable cedar tree, which was blown down, Jan. i, 1779- height was 70 feet j the diameter of the horizontal extent of the branches, 100 feet 5 the circumference of the trunk, at feven feet from the ground, 16 feet; at 12 feet from the ground, 20 feet the limbs from fix to 12 feet in girth. The gardener, two )'^ars before it was blown down, made 50I. of the cones. Lyfons^ VoL JIU p, 4. — In Brent Street, not far from the church, is the ancient manfion of the Whichcotes, now the property and refidence of John Corn wall, Efq. HERTFORD K 1 e , HERTFORD, a borough, and the county to\yn of Herts. It is leaded on thejiver Lea^ and Is faid to have been of fome note in the time of the ancient Britons j and it \yas accounted one of the principal cities of the EaO: Saxons, where their Kings often kept their court, and a pariiamepfary council' was held 016/3. To this town the Lea was once naviga'de for fhips. In 879 the Danes ere 61 ed two forts here for the fecurity of their fhipsj. but Alfred turned- the ccurie of the dream, fo that their veileis were Idt oil dry ground 5 which fo terrified them, that they abandoned their forts, and ded. Edward, tlie eldeit fon of Alfred, built a cadky which has been often a royal reddeiice, and is now the property of Sir G. Wf Frdcot, Bart. The town is built in the form -of a Y, wiili the caiile in the irsiddie of the two horns. Here were dve churches.^ which are reduced to two. In that of St, Andrew, there is not only a feat for the Mayor and Aldermen, but another for the Go- vernors of Chrid Hofpital in London, and a gallery, in which 20 gate and Mufnvell HilL HORSELEY, Eafl and Well, two villages, four miles beyond Leatherhead. In the former is a fine feat, the property of William Currie, Efq. in the latter is the handfome houfe of Henry Wef- ton, Efq. HORTONj 125 H Y ' HORTON, a village in Buck inghanrifnire, . near Colnbrookj, ■W’liere Milton, after he had left the unlvejfity, refided five years with. Ills father. The houfe, called the manor-hoiil'e, is now in the occu- pation of Mrs. Hugford. Here his mothei’ died, in 1637, and is buried in the chancel of the church-. Here alfo is the feat of Mil's Taw Ton. HOUNSLOW, a market-town of Middlefex, 9I miles from London. It is a hamlet to two parishes, the fouth fide lying in Ifieworth, and the north fide, with the ckapel, in Hefton. Here was formerly a priory, which belonged to the brethren of the Holy Trinity, whofe peculiar office it was to folicit alms for the redemp- tion of captives-. The fite of the priory, with the manor-houle ad- joining the chapel, is the property of Mr-s. Sophia Bulfirode. Houndow ftands on the edge of the heath of the fame name, on which are fome powder mills on a branch of the river Coin. On this heath James II. formed an encampment, after the fupprefiion of the Duke of MonmouthY rebellion, in order the more effe6tualiy to enfiave the nation 5 and here he firft perceived the little depend- ence that he could have upon his army, by their rejoicings on re- ceiving the news of the acquittal of the leven Bhbops, HONSDON^OUSE, to the N. E. of Hoddefdon, in Herts, was a royal palace, ere< 5 ied by Henry VIIL and was granted to Lord Hunfdon, by Ms fird coiifin, Queen Elizabeth. It is the pro- perty of Mr. CalverU HYDE, THE, the feat of Thomas Brand Hollis, Efq. near Ingatefon, in which is a fine cclleclion of prints, ancient coins and medals, ftatiies, vafes, and other antiques, Ibme of them from Hei'culaneiim, and colie6ied by Mr. Hollis himfelf in Italy. In the hall, in particular, are two fcarcophagi, fuperior to t ho feat WiJton. HYDE HALL, the feat of the Earl of Roden, near Sawbridge- worth, in Herts, 25 miles from London. HYDE PARK, a celebrated park at the vveft extremity of the metropolis, adjoining on the fouth fide to Knightlbridge, and lying between the two roads which lead to Hounfiow and Uxbridge. It is the fite of a manor, which anciently belonged to the church of \Yefi minder, fill it became the property of the crown in the reign of Henry VIII. by exchange for other lands. In 1652, this park, contained 620 acres. During the ufurpation, it was fold in differ- ent lots, and produced 17,068!, 6s. 8J. including the timber and the deer. The crown-lands being i;efumed after the Redoration, it was replenifhed with deer, and furroiinded by a brick wall, having, before that time, been fenced with pales. It has been confiderabiy reduced fince the furvey in 1652, ' partly by buildings between Hyde-Park-Corner and Park Lane, but principally by the making ©f Kenfington Gardens. By a Ibrvey taken in 1790, its prefent extent appears to be 394 A. 2 R. 38 P. In the upper part, ad- joining to Kenfington Gardens, are fome fine trees, and the feenery is very pleafing. The large canal, called the Serpentine River (which 1 S L m (-wlii^ch has fo often proved fatal lo advcntiirons ikakers and tk- fponding filicides) was made by Q^een Caroline in 17305 the wa- ter being fupplied by a fmall ftream which riles at Bayfwater, and fails into the Thames near Randagh, dividing the parilli of Chdfea from that of St. George, Hanover Squai e. Hyde Park has been long a favourite place for taking the air, and exhibiting fine coaches, hne borfes, and expert hoiTemanfliip. Lud- low, in his Memoirs, has the following curious lemark : May t, 1654. This day was more obferved for people going a maying than for divers years paft* Great refort to Hyde Park : many hun- dreds of rich coaches, and gallants in attire, but mod diamefitl powdered hair men, and painte-d fpotted women,"— In Hyde Park alfo, the troops in and about the metropolis; are exercifed and fre-* quently reviewed, I YCKENHAM, a village in Middlefex, two miles from Uxbridge* In this place is Swakdey Houfe, the feat of the Rev. Mr, Clarke. JESSOP’s WELL, a fulphureous fpring, of the fame kind as that of Harrowgate, four miles from Epforn* ILFORD, Great and Little, two villages in Edlx, in the paridi of Barking, fituate on each hde of the rivtr Roding 5 the former miles from London, in the road to Chelmsford. Here is Highland Houfe, the elegant feat of Ifaac Currie, Efq. As it is built of done, it forms a fine termination to a villa from Wanftead Houfe, S'-e Valentine Houfe, ING ATESTON, a market-town, 213 miles from London, on the road to Harwich. Here is the ancient leal of Lord Petre, whofe anceftor, Sir William Petre, founded eight fellowlhips, at Oxford, called the Peirean fellowlhips, and ereded here an almflioiife for twenty poor perfons. Part of the houle is pulled down : the reft Is inhabited by the fteward and fome Roman Catholic families de- J‘)endent upon his loidOiip. The town Confifts of one ftreet, the north fide of which, and lialf of the fouth fide, are in the parifn of Pryerning. In the church are fome llatdy monuments of the Petr^ family. INGRESS PARK, at Swanfeombe, in Kent, 19 miles ft*oin .London, the elegant villa of Mr. Pvoebuck, which commands g fine view of the Thames. ISLE OF DOGS, a part of Poplar Marfli, on the north fide of the Thames, in Middlefex. When our Sovereigns had a palace at Greenwich, they ufed it as a hunting feat, and, it is faid, kept the kennels of their hounds in this marfli. Thefe houndi? frequently making a great noife, the feamen called the place the |fte of Dogs, though it is neither an iftand, nor a peninfula. ISLE WORTH, a village in Middlefex, on the Thames, miles from London, The church is a modern ftruSlurej but it has M a venerable )22 -ISLI-NGT’O-N.. a vei>n-able tower, covered with ivy, which b^;longed to the -former church. Near the grand entrance into Sion Park, is a houle, the ])iopcM ty and refidence of Sir Nathaniel Duckenheld, Bart. Gum- Jey Hoiife, the refideneeof the laft Earl of Bath (and fo called from having been biiilt by John Gumley, Efq. father of hie Coimtefs) beloiigs to Mr. ilngeil, and is on the north fide of the road from Twickenham to London. Fronting the Houndow road, is the hand Tome villa of David Godfrey, Efq. and, by the water fide, a liouie built by -James Lacey, Eiq. now the pronerty of the Hon, Mrs. Keppel, and tl)e relidence of the Earl of Warwick. See Sion ,Hcufe and Sion HiU. ISLINGTON, a conf derab.le village N. of London, to which it is now united. .The parifli contains, beiide the village, the ham- let of Holloway, Kingdand Green, and part of Newington Green. The church, erected ] 01-7-5 4., is a neat brick dru6\ure, with a fpire, quoins, cornices, and architraves of Poitland Hone. Its height, to the top of the vane, is 164 feet. Ls length is 108 feet, and iu Breadth 60. .Its roof is fupported without pillars, and the inhde 5 s adorned with elegant funplicity. -In 1787, it underwent confi- xlerable repairs. The fcaifolding was of wicker-work, framed upon *1 very curious plan round the ftceple, by Mr. Bhxb, a balket maker of St. Alban’s, who liad before contrived a fimilar work for the re- pairs of the Ipire of the abbey church in that town. Ke engaged to ere 61 .this Icaffold for aol. and the piivilege of fliewlng it at fix- 3>cnce each perfon, which amounted to a ccnriderable lum. An old luiilding in Canonhury-Field, is abfurdly called Queen Elizabeth’s Xodge"^. In the Crown Public Honfe, in the Lower Sti eet, among other decorations on painted gials, apparertly of the reign of Henry is an original portrait of Elizabetli, the Qjaeen of that Mo- liarch, fuppofed to have been painted in 1487. in the fields, to the N. W. of the White Cond.yit Houfe and Tea Gardens, is a laig^ inclolure, called the Keed Mote, or Six- acre field, fiippofed to have ;Becn a Roman camp. The White Conduit Houfe takes its name i’rom a conduit near it, which formerly fupplied the Charter Houfe 5 ^ Strype records the following cuiioiis -anecdote: Beyond AI- derfgate Bars, leaving the Charter Houfe on the left hand, Ifi etches .irp toward Ifeldon, commonly called Iflington, a country-town hard b-y 5 which, in the former age, was dteemed to be fo pleafantly ieated, that in 1581, Q^cen Elizabeth, on an evening, rode that way to take the air j where, near the town, Ihe was invironed with a number of begging rogues, which gave the Q^een much difturb- ance. Whereupon Mr. Stone, one of her footmen, came in all haftc to the Lord Mayor, and to Fleetwood, the Recorder, and told them the fame. The fame night did the Recorder fend out war- rants into the fame quarters, and into Weftminfter and the Duchy, and in the morning he went out himfelf, and took that day feven- ty-four rogues, whereof fome were blind, and yet great ufurers, s!iid very rich* They were lent to Bridewell, and pwnifhcd.” iStlJfGTOIvf.- 123 - aticl'a pipe Helongifig to it, is ftili exifHng, and conveys water to Dr. De Valangin’s houfe in 'Pentoiiville. On the S. W. hde of Ifiington, is a fine refervoir, called New River Head, which conhfls ot a large bafin, into which the New River enters : part of the water' is thus conveyed by pipes to Lon- don, while another part is thrown by an engine through other pipes, to a refervoii’i which lies much higher, in order to fupply the higheft parts of London. Near the New River Head, is the well-known place of Fublic amufement, called Sadler’s Wellsj, which takes its name from a fpring of mineral water, now called Mington Spa,^ or New Tunbridge Wells. This fpring was diu covered by one Sadler, in in the garden belonging to a houie» which he had then jidl opened as a imifTC-room. The water re- fembles much" in quality and dfe6l that of Tunbridge V/eils in Kent, Sadler’s mufic-houfe came, after his death, to one Francis Forcer, whole Ton was the Erft that exhibited there the di’veifions of rope-dancing and tumbling, to which have for many years been” added mtificai interludes and pantomimes. At theSir Htigh Mid- dleton’s Head is a very large pidure, containing twenty-eight por- . traits of the Sadler’s Wells Club; it is a ciirioUd reprefentatlon of fonie kii iwn characters 5 among them is Mr. Rofamond, the builder of Refamond’s Row, Clerkenwell. To the N. of Iflrngton, is Highbury Place, which fronts the fine hills of Highgate and Hampftead. Higher ftill is Highbury Ter- race, which commands a beautiful profped. Near this is the neat, villa, paddock, and pleafure grounds of Alexamler Aubert, Efq. who has ere6led near the houi’e, a lofty and fpacious obfervatory, ftirniflied with a complete collection of aftronomicai initrument^. On the lite of thefe premifes was a moated fpot, called Jack Straw’s Caftie, on which flood the manfion of the Priors of the order of SL Jphn of Jerul’alem, which was burnt to the ground by tl\e commons of Eflex, June 13,' 1381, in the infurreClion under Wat Fyler and Jack Straw, Near tjds is a noted tavern and tea-gaidens, called Highbury Barn. At the entrance of the town, but in the parilh of St. James, Clerkenwei}, are almfhoules for ten widows, pf the pari/h of inington> and a fchool for 25 boys of the fame pardh and that of Cierkenweil. They were ereCted by Dame Alice Owen, and are under the government of the Brewers Company 5 front whofe records it appears, that they were founded by her in confe- quence of a providential deliverance from death, in the reign of Q^een Mary, when this part of Ifiington was all open fields. It was then a frequent exercife for the archers td Tnoot with their bows and arrows at butts 5 and this lady walking in the fields with her maid, an arrow pierced the crown of her hat (high crowned hats be- ing then in fa(hion) without the lealt injury. In co nmemoiation of this deliverance, fhe built the fchool and alrnfliouUs, about three years befoi e her death. For many years, an arrow was fixed on the top of thefe houfes, which ftands on the very f^,ot where this acci^ dent happened. M a In K B N i24 In this parifhj in the road from Iflington to Hoxton Town, li the white lead maniifaftory of Samuel Walker and Co. of Maf- borough, bear Rotheram, who ere6fed here, in 1785, a curious ■windmih, for the purpofe of grinding white lead, differing in two remarkable particulars from common wiridmills, viz. id, the brick tower of it is crov^ned with a great wooden top, or cap, to which are affixed on one frde the flyers, and on the other fide a gallery^ which lerves to turn the whole top at pleafiire, fo as to briitg the flyers Into that dIre6tion which is mod: convenient with refpe6f to the wind ; and zdly, inilead of four, the ufiial number of flyers, it is furniihed with five. See Canonburj^ Kingjland^ Ne^ooington- Qreen, and Pentcnuille. IVBR, a village in Bucks, three miles from Uxbridge. Here v/as Delaford, the feat of Sir WilTani Young, Bart, wiiicb was lately pulled down j the extenfrve pleaffii'e grounds being added to thofe of Mr. Cleyes, whofe feat is hear the ehureh. Thefe, with ether additions, and turning the road ort the front, of the Irtnife, has rendered Mr. Cleves’^s a delightful retreat. At Shredding’s Green, in this parifh, is the feat of Mrs, Cob berne, built by Sir John Vanbrugh, for the Dowager of Lord Mohun, who was killed in a duel, that was likewife fatal to his antagonid James Duke of Hamilton, A very confiderahie cotton has lately been ere6led at Iver. ELVEDON HALL, in the parifh of Kelvedon Hatch, in Efiex, near 20 miles from London, on the road to Chipping Ongar, the elegant villa of Lady Clive. It commands a rich and extenfive prafpe^l, in which, on a fine day, a part of London may be feen by the naked eye, KEMPTON PARK, in the parifli of Hanworth, in Middle- fex, formerly,the feat of the famous traveller. Sir John Chardin, and now of Sir John Chardin PvTufgrave, Bart. KENDAL’S HALL, the feat of William Phillimore, Efq. 13 miles from London, in the road from Edgware to St. Alban’s, and in the pariffi of Aldenham, Herts. KENNINGTON, one of the eight precimSfs of Lambeth. Here was a royal palace, which Edward III. made a pait of the Duchy of Cornwall , and here Edward the Black Piince refided.. It was likewife the refidence of Richard II, when Prince of Wales. In 1 396, the young Q^een Ifabella was conveyed, amid a prodi- gious concourfe of people, from Kennington to the Tower ; and it was the occafional refidence of Henry IV, VI, and VII. The manor was firit farmed out by Henry VIII. Camden fays, that in his time there were no traces of this palace. It was probably pulled down, after it ceafed to be an occafional royal refidence, and a manor houfe built on the fite, which was occupied by Charles I, when Prince of Wales. In a fuivey, taken in 1656, this manori houfe KEN 125 hoiife Is fald to be fmall, and an old low timber bi;lldlng, fituate upon part of the foundation of the ancient manfion-houfe of the Black Prince, and other Dukes of Cornwall after him, which was long ago utterly ruined, and nothing thereof remaining but the ftable, I So feet long, built of flint and flone, and now ufed as a barn.” At this time, therefore, not only the manor hoiife, but, what Camden could not find, The Long Barn, (as it was then called) was vifible *, and the latter, in 1709, was one of the re- ceptacles of the poor diftrefled Palatine Protedants. In 1786, in digging near this barn, for a cellar, fome fpacious vaults of ftone were difcovered, the arches of which were cemented by a fubftance harder than ftone itfelf. The manor belongs to the Piince of Wales, as part of the Duchy of Cornwall. The Long Barn w^as pulled down in 1795 5 and on the ftte are creeled fome houfes, which form a continuation of Park Place, Kennington Crofs. The road, by Elizabeth Place, to Lambeth Butts, is ftill called Princes’ Road, and w^as fo denominated in ail ancient waitings; it having been the road by which the Black Prince came to his palace, when he landed at the ftairs at Lambeth. Kennington gave the title of Earl to William Duke of Cumberland, fon of George II. KENNINGTON COMVION, on the road to Clapham, was the common place of execution for Surry. Some of the rebels, who v^ere tried by the fpecial commiffion in Southwark, in 1746, fuffered here. On this common is a bridge formerly called Merton Bridge, becaufe the Canons of Merton Abbey had lands, for the purpofe of repairing it. KENSINGTON, a village in Middlefex, one mile and a half from Hyde Park Corner. It contains the hamlets of Brompton, Earl’s Court, the Gravels, and a part of Little Chelfea 5 but the royal palace, and about 20 other houfes on the north fide of the road, are in the parifh of St. Margaret, Weftminher. At Earl's Court was the villa of the late celebrated John Hunter, who here profecuted his curious and ufeful experiments and difcavei ies, and whofc valuable mufeum was lately purchafed by Parliament. KENSINGTON PALACE, was the feat of Sir Heneage Finch, afterward Earl of Nottingham, and was fold by his ion (Daniel the fecond Earl) to King William, ,who greatly improved it, and caufed a royal park to be made to il:|;,dirough Hyde Park, The gardens were originally only 26 acres Q^een Anne added 30 acres, which were laid out by her gardener, Mr. Wife 5 but the principal addition was made by Qijieen Caroline, who took in near 300 acres from Hyde Park, which were laid out by Bridg- man 5 and they have fince been much improved by Brown. They are 3^ miles in circum.'erence 5 and have, for many years palt, been a very faihionable promenade. The palace is a large irregular edifice of brick, built at various times. The ftate apartments, which are very noble, confiit of a fuit of 12 rooms. We ftrft afcend the great ftaircufe, in which M 3 126 KENSINGTON PALACE. are painted bakonies, with the portraits of particular people, IJT groups 5 as Muftapha the Turk, and Ulrick in a PoIifh drefs, both prges to George 1. 5 Peter the Wild Boy, &c. by Kent.. We then proceed through the apartments in the following order 5 obferving, that all the ceilings ‘in the ftate rooms are painted bjr that artid : Ths Prefence Chamber, in which the p*( 5 lures are the Prlncefs of Wales and her family, Knapton ; three cartoons, by Carla Cignani, namely a Cupid, Jupiter, and Europa, and Jupiter Prince Edward, Coates ; two daughters of Philip II. of Spain, More. The Chamber \ the pi6lures, a German Lady with an Orrery and Dog, Parmegiano 5 an Italian Lawyer, Paris Bour- don 5 St. William, Giorgione; Duchefs of Yalentia, Jannet p Wife Men's Offering, Luca GFordano ; a Man with a Crofs at his Breaft, Giorgione ; a Man Ihewing a Trick, dkto ; an Old Man looking up ; the Duke of Savoy’s Mother ; the late King of PruHia, a whole length ; a Man with a Glafs in his^ hand, Brug- ghin ; an Old Man with a grey Beard, Tintoret ; the Emprefs of .Ruflia, a whole length; the Duchefs of Fortfmouth, Verelft ; her- prefcnt Majefty’s Sifter, Woge. The ^ecfis Dran^mng Room, hung with tapeftry, reprefenting a winter piece in Holland, Vanderhank, has Sir Thomas More, Holbein ; a Man’s head, in a furred gown, Tintoret ; William Duke of Cumberland on Horfeback, Wootton j and a Man’s Head, Giorgione. The ^een's Dining Room has Giorgione’^s Head, by himfeif ^ fames IV. of Scotland, his Brother Alexander, and St. Andrew, Mabiife; Henry V. ; Richard III. ; a Man^s head, Albert Durer;i Henry VL; Edward VI.; a Man’s Head ; Queen of James IV. of Scotland, with St. George, Mabufe ; Baffin’s Head,, by him- feif; Emperor Maximilian T.; Philip the Fair ; Henry VII.; Eli- zabeth his Q^een ; Louis XII. of France; Frincefs^ af Caftile; King of Arragon ; his Q^een 5 Charles IX. of France; St. Mat- thew called from the Receipt of Cuftom, Alb. Durer ; Maximi- lian Archduke of Auftria ; a young Man’s Head; Eh’. Linacie,, Founder of the College of Phyftcians,. Qiiintin Matfys ; Raphael’s Head, by himfeif ; a Virghi and Child, Sabutani; Philip II. of Spain, Jannet ; a Dutch Merchant and his Wife ; John de Bo- logna’s Head. The ^een'*s Drejffmg Room. Judith and Holofernes, Paul Ve- Toneie ; Ruins and Figures, Bamboecicr; Windfor Caftle, Wofter- man ; four Views of Venice, Canaletti ; a Plundering, Wouve'r- mans-; Departure of Charles II. fi'cm Shievling, Lingelbeck ; a Battle, Wouvermans ; Old Hampton Court, Danckers ; a Land- fcape, with Hawking ; three Landfcapes-, namely, Hawking, the managed Horfe, and Fiftierman, Wouvermans ; a Skirmifti, Ber- cham ; a Landfcape, Avont ; an Altarpieee, Alb. Diirer ; Battle of Forty, Sayders j a Landfcape with Ruins, Paul Brill-, KENSINGTON PALACE. 127 ^een’^s Gallery* Henry VIII. j his Qiieen, Catharine of Arragon ; Queen Elizabeth, in a Chinefe drefs, Zucchero , James I. Vandyck 5 hfs Queen, Vanfomerj Charles II, Lely; James II, ditto 5 Kin-g William, Kneller } Q^een Mary, ditto j Q^een Anne, after ditto 5 George I, after ditto 5 George II, Seman 5 Queen Caroline, ditto; the Emperor Charles VI, Kneller ; Philip HI. of Spain, and his Q^een, Valefque. — Kneller was knighted for painting thefe pi6lures of King William and Q^een Mary. The Cube Room* Here are fix Gods and Gcddefies 5 over chimney is Cleopatra, antique ; and above her is a Roman Mar- riage, in marble, by Ryfbrack. Great Drawing Room* Charles I. and his Qneen, Van- dyck ; Jacob's Separation, Baflan ; Audience of Sir Henry Woot- ton, in the Senate Houfe at Venice, Fialletti; Holbein’s Head, in water colours, by himfelf ; Flaying of St. Bartholomew ; Holbein’s Wife’s Head, in water colours, Holbein ; Venus and Cupid, Mich. Angelo; Charles XI. of Sweden, on Horfeback, Wyck ; Duke of Wharton, Rofalba ; a Tyrolefe Girl, ditto; Rofalba’s Htad, by herfelf ; Duke of Buckingham and his Family, Hon- thorft ; a Wild Boar’s Head, Snyders ; the Taking of Tournay, by Marlborough, Wootton j St. Peter and the Angel, Steenwyck ; Sr. John, Leonard Spado; a Naked Venus, Titian 5 a Madonna, with St. Catharine, and St. John with a Lamb, Old Palma ; our Saviour healing the Blind, Verrio ; St. Catherine at the Altar, Veronefe; the Taking of Lille, by Marlborough, Wootton. The King'^s State Bed Chamber* A Man’s Head ; Mary Queen of Scots, Jannet ; four Cartoons, by Carlo Cignani, namely, Pan and Cupid, Bacchus and Ariadne, Apollo and Daphne, and the Tiinmph of Venus ; a Woman's Head. The PriiJJlan Clofei* The Hungarians at Ovid’s Tomb, Schoft- feld ; Lncretia, after Caracci ; Herodias’ Daughter, with the Bsptift’s Head, Da Vinci ; a Doge of Venice, Tintoret. The Green Clofet. A Landfeape, Paul Brill : a Woman afleep, G. Douw ; the Adoration of the Shepherds, Zucchero ; Mars, Venus, and Cupid, Veronefe; an Italian Mufician, Giorgione; fix long narrow flips, with figures and trees, Schiavoni; our Sa- viour and Mary Magdalen at the Tomb, Holbein ; an Altarpiece ; Sophonifba, Gaetano ; Saint Catharine, Da Vinci; a Woman going to llab herfelf, Palaniedes ; Henry VII. and VIII. with their Queens, Reerni ; Francis II. of France, when Dauphin, Jan- net ; Lucretia, Titian; a Witch riding on a Goat, with Boys. EHhiemer ; Nymphs bathing ; Peter and the Angel, Steenwyck ; Venus and Satyrs, with Cupids, Rottenhamer ; Mary Queen of Scots, Jannet; the fecond Earl and Countefs of Clarendon, Lely; Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, grandmother of George I, Cor. Janfl'en ; her feven Children ; her Confort, Cor. JanfTen 5 Arthur, Henry, and Margaret, Children of Henry Vil, Mabufe ; Frobe- nius, Printer to Erafmus, Holbein ; Erafmus, ditto; a fmaii Land- feape, manner of Ferg; the Virgin and Child, with Tobit and the Angela ?!I 8 ^ £•' N Angel, Titian ; Virgin and Child, St. Catherine, and St. Igna- tius, Giorgione; Boys, Pollidore ; a Landfcape, Everdingcn; a China Di/h with Heart Cherries, Daniel Nes ; a Landfcape, Mola ; Niobe’s Children fhot out of the Clouds, Rottenhamer ; St. Joltn, with a Lamb ; Venus and Adonis. This Room was King Wil- Jiam’s writing clofet, in which are his table and efcritor. Hh Majefty's Gallery. Queen Mary, Witling ; Adoration of the Kings, Seb. Ricci ; King William, WiOing ; Henry Som- mers, Jeh^r to Henry VIII, Holbein; Van Cleeve’s Wife, by himfelf; Prince Charles of Mecklenburgh, Zoffani ; Duke of Alva, Titian ; Prince Charles of Mecklenburg’s Wife, Zoffani ; Van Cleeve, by himfelf ; Charles I, on horfeback, Dobfon ; Wil- liam Duke of Gloucefter, a whole length, Claret ; Queen Anne, when Princefs, Knelier ; Inigo Jones, Nogary ; William Duke of Gloucefter, Kneiler ; Henry, Prince of Wales, Ton to James I, Mytens ; Henry IV. of France, Pourbus ; Edward VI, Holbein j Julio Romano ; Catharine of Medicis ; the Nabob of Arcot, tVillifon ; Mary of Medicis, Pourbus; Queen Elizabeth, when ymung ; Paul Veronefe : Princefs Anne, with a Dog; George Prince of Denmark, Dahl ; James I, Vanfomer ; a Man in Black, Tintoret; Q^een Henrietta, Vandyck ; Guercino, by himfelf ; a Lady’s Head, More; Ducbefs of Richmond, in Man’s Apparel, Houfeman; Holbein, a Head; the Q^een, Prince William, and Prince Edward, Ramfey ; Gecrge I, Vanderbank ; Mich. Angelo, a Head ; Edward Duke of York, Batoni ; Charles I, Vandyck ; a Head ; Charles II., Willing; a Man in Armour, Giorgione; Sir Henry Guilford, Holbein : a Portrait with a ruff, Vandyck ; Bifhop of Ofnaburgh, Zoffani; a Dominican Friar; Artemifia Gentilefchi, by herfelf ; Henry VTII, Holbein ; a Portrait, Rem- brandt ; Duchefs of York, Lely ; Duke of York, ditto ; a large drawing of the Transfiguration, after Raphael, Cafanova. We are next condutfled down ffairs to the Guard Chamber, in which is a painting of Q^een Elizabeth’s gigantic porter, by Zuc- chero. This palace was the fj*equent refidence of King William and Queen Mary, Queen Anne, George I, and the late King. Thefe monarchs (George I. excepted, who died at Hanover) all expired within its wails, as did Prince George of Denmark, Queen Anne’s confort, in 1708, During the prefent reign, Kenfington has been entirely forfaken by the royal family. KENTISH TOWN, a village in the parifh of Pancras, be- tween London and Hampftead, containing feveral hand feme houfes, particularly an elegant feat built by the late Gregory Batemans, Efq. as a kind of miniature of Wanfted Houfe. It is the pro- perty of Meffrs. Biddulph, Cocks, Cocks, and Ridge, Bankers, and the refidence of Richard Johnibn, Efq. Here is a handfome chapel of eafe to St. Pancras. KEN WOOD, the beautiful feat of the Earl of Mansfield, fituate in the paridi of Pancras, on a fine eminence between Hamp- fftad KEQTON. lig iiead and Highgate. It was purchafed, In i755> gI Earl of Bute, by the late venerable Earl of Mansfield, then Attorney Ge- neral, who improved the whole, with the utmoft elegance, alter the deligns of the celebrated archite6'ts of the Adel phi. The grand front, which is near the fide of the road leading from Highgate to Hampfiead, is oppofite the wood that gives name to the honfe. The garden front, which is more extenfive than the other, com- mands a fine view of rich meadows, falling in a gentle defcent, and relieved by feme noble pieces of water, that fupply part of the metropolis 5 but this view is terminated by what can add no beauty to rural feenery, the fpires of London, enveloped in fogs and fmoke. The mod: remarkable room in the houfe is the li- brary, a very beautiful ap'utment, 6o feet by 21, defigned by Adam, and ornamented with paintings by Zucchl. in this room is a whole length of the late Earl, by Martin, and a fine buff of him by Nollekens. There is another bud of his Lorddn'p, when young, in the hall j one of Sir Ifaac Newton j and the antique bud of Homer, which was bequeathed to him by Pope. ' fhe paintings in the hall are by Rebecca. In the break fad parlour is a bud of Pope, and a portrait of Sir Chridopher Hatton. In the other rooms are fome portraits well deferving of notice \ particularly thofe of Pope, Garrick, the Duebefs of Queenfberry, and a good head of Betterton, the tragedian, faid to be by Pope, who had been in- dru6\ed in the art of painting by his friend Jarvis. The prefenfc Earl has improved and enlarged this houfe very confiderably 5 Sauii* ders was his archite6f. The pleafure grounds, including the wood which gives name to the place, contain about forty acres. Their fituation is naturally very beautiful j and the hand of art has been fuccel'sfully employed in making them dill more pi6lurefque. On the right of the garden- front of the houfe, is a hanging wood of tall fpreading trees : and,, on the left, the riling hills are planted with clumps that produce a plealing effeH. A fweet dirubbery immediately before this front,- and a Terpentine piece of water, render the whole a very enlivening feene. The cedars of Libaniis, though young, are very fine, and are diot up to a great height with their leaders entire. One of them w'as planted with his own hands by the late Earl. The inclofed fields, adjoining to the pleafure grounds, contain about ihirty acres» Hornfey great woods, held by the Earl of Mansfield under the Bi- fliop of London, join this eftate on the north, and have been lately added to the inciofm es. KESTON, a village in Kent, five miles from Bromley, in the road to Wellerham. At Hoi wood Hill, in this parilli, are the re- mains of a large fortification (probably a Roman one) of an oblong form } the area of which is partly inclofed by rampires and double ditches of great height and depth. It is two miles in circumference, jnclofing near 100 acres of ground. A path defeends from the gamp to tlue Ipring-head of the river Ravenlbourae. Of this fpring K. E vr 130 an excellent cold bath was formed, furrounded by pales and frees ; but thefe have been long neglc6led and dellroyed. This river flows- hence through Bromley and Hayes,, to Beckenham and Lewifham, and crolhiig the great road at Deptford bridge, falls into the Thames^ below. See Hd^ivood Houfe. KEW, a village in Surry, formerly a hamlet of Kingftonj but united to Peterfham, as one vicarage, by aci of Parliament in 1-769, It is feated on the Thames, feven miles fj*om London. Here is a chapel, ere£led at the expenee of the nobility and gentry in the neighbourhood, on a piece of ground given by Queen Anne, Againd the fouth wall is a tablet to the memory of Jeremiah ^Jeyer, a celebrated miniature painter, with verfes by Hayky, In the cemetery adjoining, is interred the celebrated arrilt, Tho- mas Gainfborougb, Aflat Hone jull records his name and the day of his exit from this mortal fcene. The woodlands oF Suftoilc were his firll academy, where Nature herfeif taught him to fketeh 'the rude rural landfcape, between the tender yeai^ of ten and tweive,- His talents, when matured by cultivation, produced the moft ex- quifite approaches to perfection in his art. On Kew Green, on the fite of Mrs. Theobald’s' beautiful gardens, once Hood a houfe, the favourite retirement, in the latter part of his life, of Sir Peter Lely. Here is a Hone bridge,vof feven arches, over the Thames, from defign of Paine>» It was opened in 1709, and is private property.. The width is too contra6led for its length and height ; it has neither' a pavement for foot paHengers, nor recelTes for ihelter in cafe of' clanger. KEW PALACE, now a rpyal palace, was the property of Sa- muel Mol ineux, Efq:* Secretary to George II. when Prince of Walesa The late Frederic Prince of Wales took a long leafe of the houfe; > and it is now held by his MajeHy on the fame tenure. The houfe was improved by Kent, and contains fome pi6lures; among which' are a portrait of Lord Burleigh, and the celebrated pi6liire of the Florence Gallery, byZoftani. In the long room, above Hairs is let of Canaletti’s works. The gardens, which contain 120 acres, were begun by the late Prince of Wales, and finiH^ed by the Prin- cefs Dowager; and of thefe we HiaU give adefcription, in the words- of the late Sir William Chambers. The gardens of Kew are not very large; -nor is their ntuation advantageous^, as it is iow, and commands no profpe6ls. Origi- nally the ground was one continued dead flat ; the foil was in general barren, and without either wood or water. With fo many diiad- vantages, it was not eafy to produce any thing even tolerable in gardening; but princely munifiGenGe overcame ail difficulties. What was once a delert, is now an Eden. On entering the garden from the palace, and turning toward tlie left hand, the firH building which appears is ■ ‘The Orangery or Greenboufe. The delign is mine; and it was built in 1761-, The front extends 14-5 feet; the room is 142 feet long. liEW PALACE. 131 long, 30 feet wide, and 25 high. In the back fliade are two fur- naces to heat flues, laid under the pavement of the orangery, which are found very neceflary in times of hard froft. ^he temple of the^ Sun is fituated in an open grove near the orangery, in the way to the phyfic gardens* Its figure is of the circular peripteros kind., but without an attic; and there is a par- ticularity in the entablature, the hint of v^dlich is taken from one of the temples of Balbec. The order is Corinthian, the columns fluted, and the entablature fully enriched. Over each column, on thefrize, are baffo-relievos, reprefenting lytes and fprigs of laurel ^ and round the upper part of the cell are fufpeiided feftoons of fruits and flowers. The infide of the cell forms a faloon richly finifhed and gilt. In the centre of its cove is reprefented the fun; and on the frize, in twelve compartments, furrounded with branches of laurel, are reprelented the figns of the zodiac in baflb- relievo* This building was ere6fed in 1761. ' The next objeft to which we are condu£led by Sir William Cham- •bers, is ‘The Phyf: or Exotic Garden: but as this was in its infancy in i763,when Sir William publifiied his defcription, we ihall omit bis account of it. ** Contiguons to the Exotic Garden,'*’ proceeds Sir William, is The Flo^ver Garden^ of which the principal entrance, with a fland on each fide of it for rare flowers, forms one end. The two -fides are inclofed with high trees, and the end facing the principal -entrance is occupied by an aviary of a vah depth, in v/hich is kept a numerous colle6lion of birds, both foreign and domeltic. The parterre is divided by walks into a great number of beds, in which all kinds of beautiful flowers are to be feen dtiringrhe greatelt part of the year; and in its centre is a bafon of water, Hocked with gold £lh. From the Flower Garden a fhort winding walk leads to The Me?iagerie. It is of an oval figure; the centre is occup’ed by a large hafon of water, furrounded by a walk ; and the whole is in- clofed by a range of pens, or large cages, in which are kept great numbers of Chinefe and Tartarian pheafjnts, befide many other £bns of large exotic birds. The bafon is Hocked with fuch water, fowl as are too tender to live on the lake ; and in the middle of it Hands a pavilion of an irregular o^dagon plan, defigned by me, in imitation of a Chinefe opening, and executed in 1760. Near the Menagerie Hands ThsTemple of Bellona, defigned and built by mein 1760. It is of theproHyle kind ; the portico tetra- Hyle Doric ; the metopes alternately enriched with lielmets and dag- gers, and vafes and pateras. The cell is re 61 anguiar, and of a fe- quialteral proportion, but clofed with an elliptical dome, from which it receives the light. PaHing from the Menagerie toward the lake, in a folitary walk on the left, is The Temple &f the God Pan, of the monopteros kind, but clofed on the fide toward the thicket, in order to make it ferve for a feat. It is of the Doric order 5 the profile imitated from that of I' 3'2 KEVV PALACE. of the theatre of Marcellus at Rome, and the metopes enriched with OX Iciills and pateras. It was built by me in 1758- Not far from the laft defcribed, on an eminence, ftands TBe temple of Eslusy like that of Pan, of the menopteros figure. The order is a compofite, in which the Doric is predominant. Within the columns is a large femicircular niche, ferving as a feat which revolves on a pivot, and may with great eafe be turned by one hand to any expofition, notwith (landing its fize. The Temple of Solitude is fitiiated very rear the fouth front of the palace. At the head of the lake, and near the Temple of Eolus, (lands a Chlnefe o 61 agon building of two (lories, built, many years ago, fi’®m the defigns of Goupy. It is called T‘he Houfe of Confucius* The lower (lory confills of one room and two clofets j and the upper flory is one little faloon, commanding a very pleafing profpe 61 over the lake and gardens. Its walls and ceiling are painted with gro- tefque ornaments, and little hillorical fubje 61 s relating to Confucius, with leveral tranla 61 ions of the Chridian miffions in China. The fofa and chairs were defigned by Kent, and their feats and backs are covered with tapeftry of the Gobelins. In a thicket, near the Houfe of Confucius, is ere 61 ed the engine which fupplies the lake and bafons in the gardens with water. It was contrived by Mr, Smeaton, and executed in 2761. It anfwers perfe 61 Iy well, raifing, by two horfes, upward of 3600 hogfheads of water in twelve hours. From the Houfe of Confucius, a covered clofe walk leads to a grove, where is placed a femi-o 61 agon feat, defigned by Kent. A >{vlnding walk, on the right of the grove, leads to an open plain, on one fide of which, backed with thickets, on a rifing ground, is placed a Corinthian colonnade, defigned and built by me in 1760, and called The Theatre of Augufta. The Temple of ViSiory is the next obje6l. It (lands on a hill, and was built in commemoration of the vi6lory obtained in 1759, Minden, by Prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick, over Marlhal de ContadeSi “ The figure is the circular peripteros ; theorder Ionic decafiyle, fluted and richly finifhed. 'I'he frize is adorned with foliages; and round the Attic are fufpended feftoons of laurel. The cell which commands a pretty profpe6l towards Richmond, and over Middle- lex, is neatly finiflied with Ihicco ornaments. Thofe in the ceiling reprefent flandards and other French trophies. The whole was de- 'fignedby me, and executed in 1759. “ As you pafs from the Temple of Vi6lory toward the upper part of the gaidens, are feen the ruins of an arch, furrounded by feveral veftiges of other flru6lurcs. Its defeription will be given hereafter. “ The upper part of the garden compofes a large vvildernefs ; on the border of which ftands a More Cque building, commonly called^ The Alhambruy confifting of a faloon, fronted with a portico of coupled columns, and crowned with a lantern. On an open fpace, near the centre of the fame vvildernefs. Is creeled KEW PALACE. 133 crc6led the tower, commonly called T^ke Great Fdgoda* It was be-^ gun in the autumn of the year 1761, and covered in the fpring of the year 1763. The defign is an imitation of the ChineleTAA, The bafe is a regular oftagon, 49 feet in diameter; and the fiiper- llruilure is likewife a regular o6lagon on its plan, and in its eleva- tion compofed of ten priihis, which form the ten dilferent ftories of the building. The lowed of thefe is 26 feet in diamater, excluilve of the portico which furrounds it, and 18 feet high ; the fecond is 25 feet in diameter, and 17 feet high ; and ail the reft dirainifh in diameter and height, in the fame arithmetical proportion, to the ninth dory, wliich is feet in diameter, and ten feet high. The tenth dory is 17 feet in diameier, and, with the coverings 30 feet high; and the Hnifhing on the top is 17 feet high ; fo thst the whole druflure, from the bafe to the top of the fieuron, Is 163 feet. Each dory hniilics with a projefiigg roof, after the Chinefe manner, covered with plates of Yarndlied iron of diderent colours, and round each of them is a gallei y incloied with a ralL All the angles of the roof are adorned with large dragons, 80 in number, covered with 2 kind of thin glafs of various colours, which produces a mod dazzi-- ing redecHon ; and the whole ornament at the top is double gilt* The wails of the building are compofed of very hard bricks ; the OLitfide of well-coloured and well-matched greydocks, neatly laid, and with fuch care, that there is not the lead crack or fra6lure in the whole drii6fure, notwithdanding its great height, and the expedition with which it was built. The daircafe is in the centre of the build- ing. The piofpe6ls open as you advance in height ; and from the top you command a very extenfive view on all fides, and, in feme eli- reclions, upward of 40 miles diftant, over a rich and variegated country. Near the grand Pagoda, on a riling ground, backed with thick- ets, dands The Mo/'que^ which was defigned and built by me in the year 1761. The body of the building coniids of an o£lagon ialcon in the centre, flanked with two cabinets, flnifliing with (Uie large dome and two fmall ones. The large dome is crowned with a cn f- cent, and its upright part cuntains 28 little arches, which give light to the faioon. On the three front Tides of the central o6tagon, are three doors, giving entrance to the building; over each of which there is an Arabic infciiption, in golden chara«Slers, extra< 5 ltd from the Alcoran, by Dr. Moreton, from whom I had the following ex- planation, viz. Ne fit coa£Uo in religione, Noned Deus ullus piaeter Deum« Ne ponatis Deo fimilitudincra. ** The minarets aie placed at each end of the principal building. In my defign of them, as well as in the whole exierior decoration of the building irielf, I have endeavoured to collect the principal par- ticulars of the Turkith arcliite6lure. With regaid to the mterior decoration, 1 have not fo fcrupuloufly adhered to their dyk in build- 134 K£W PALACE. ine? but hsve aimed at fomething uncommon, and at the fame tims pleafing. Tlie walls of the cabinet are painted of^a rich jofe co- lour, andthofe of the falcon are llraw coloured. At the eight of the room are paim- trees modeiled in flucco, painted and var- riifhed with various hues of green, in imitation of nature 5 vvhicb at the top fpread and fuppoj r tlie dome, reprefented as formed oi reeds bouiKi together with ribbons of fiik. The cove is j'uppofed to be perforated, and a biilliant funny ilty appears, finely painted by Mr. Wilfon, the celebratrd landicape painter. In the wav from the Molque, toward the palace, is a Gothic building, the front reprefentmg a cathedrab T he gallery of Antiques was defigped by me, and executed in 1757' ^ / Continuingyoiir way from the lafl rnentioned building, toward the palace, near the banks of the lake, hands The Te?njds of Are- thufa, a fmsli Ionic build mg of fouivcoiumns. It was defigned and built by rne in 1758. “ Near it is a bridge thrown over a narrow channel of water, and leading to the ifiand in the lake. The defign is, in a great meafure, taken from one of Palladio’s wooden bridges. It was trebled in one night. In various parts of the garden, are ere6Ied covered feats, exe- cuted from two defigns compofed by me in 1758. There is alio a Temple, defigned by me, in commemoration of the peace of 3763. The portico is hexaftyle Ionic, the columns -fiuted, the entablature enriched, and the tympan of the pediment adorned with baflb-ivlievos. The cell is in the form of a Latin crofs, the ends of vvhicb are inclofed by femicircuiar fweeps^ wherein are niches to receive ilatues. It is richly furniflied with ilucco ornaments, allufive to the occafion on which It was ere6Ied. The Ruin was defigned and hulk by me in 1759, make a paffage for .carriages and cattle over one of the principal walks of the garden. My intention was to imitate a Roman antiquity, built of brick, with an incruffation of ftone. The defign is a triumphal arch, originally with three apertures, but two of them are now clofed up, and converted into rooms, to which you enter by doors made in the Tides of the principal arch. The fofiit of the principal arch is enriched with coffers and rofes, and both the fronts of the firu 61 ure are ruftic^ The north front is confined between r^cks, overgrown with briars and other wild plants, and topped with thickets, amongft which are feen feveral columns and other frag- ments of buildings 5 and at a little diftance beyond the arch is feen an antique ftatue of a Mufe. The central ftru6lure of the ruins is bounded on each fide by a range of arches. There is a great quan- tity of cornices, and other fragments, fpread over the ground, Lemingly fallen from the building ; and in the thickets on each fide are feen feveral remains of piers, brick walls, &c.” Theft gardens are opened every Monday, from Midfummer to'the end of Autumn. The Exotic Garden, fince Sir William Cham- bers K T T35 ' bers' wrote this account, has been enriclied with a great number of new plants j with feveral, in particular, from New South V/aleso Tiiev were under the care of the late Mr. Alton, celebrated through* out Europe for his excellent work, “ Hortus Kewenfis/’ The old hoiife, oppolite the palace, was taken on a long leafe, by Q^een Caroline of the defcendaiits ol Sir Richard Levett, and has been inhabited by different branches of the royal family. The Prince of Wales was educated there, under the luperintcndence ot the prdent Archbiiliop of York. This houle was bought in 17613. for herMajeliy. Some confiderable alterations being about to take place, by order of his Majefty in Kew Palace, previoufiy to, as has been alTerted, its being a future relidence for the Prince of Wales^ we infert the prefent defeription till fuch alteraiions are completed. KiLBOURN, a village of Middlefcx, in the parifh of Hamp- ffead. It is two miles from London, in the road to Edgware, and is famous for its line Ipring of mineral water, belonging to a tea* drinking lioufe called Kilboum Wells. Near this was once a her* niitage, converted afterward into a nunnery 5 there are now no re* mains of it, KINGSBURY, to the N. of St. Albany's, is the lite of a palace of the Saxon princes, w?ho, by their frequent vifits to the neighbour- ing abbey, became an infupportable burthen, till Abbot Allric pre- vailed on Ethdred II. to diipole of it. KINGSBURY, a village in Middlefex, eight miles- north wed of London. Its name denotes it to have been a royal relidence, perhaps of fome of the Saxon monarchs. KINGSLAND, a hamlet, partly in the parifli of Hackney, and partly in that of Illington, had formerly an ancient hofpital, or hoiife of lepers, called Loques y an obfolete French word, fignifying rags, whence a lock was formeiiy lued as a fynonymoiis term with a lazar, or poor houle ; and hence, in a periodical paper written in its favour, in 1713 (the Tatkr, No. 17) this place is called Lock UofpitaL This hofpital was long an appendage to St. Bartho- lomew’s in London, and was as a kind of outer ward, till 1761,, when all the patients were removed from Kinglland, and the lite of the hofpital was let on a building leafe. The neighboining inha- bitants having petitioned that the chapel might continue, it was re- paired accordingly j the Chaplain being appointed by the Governors of St, Bartholomew’s. KING’S LANGLEY,near Abbot’s Langley, in Herts, received its name from a royal palace built here by Henry lil. the ruins of which are ftill to be feen. Richard IL was buried in its monaitery, but afterward removed to Weltminfter by Henry V. Here was aifo. born and buried Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, fon of Ed- ward III. The palace, park, and manor, were given by James I. to Henry Prince of Wales. The Earl of Elfex, is now Lord of the Manor. KINGSTON HOUSE, the feat of the late celebrated Duchefs of Kingdon, now of Sir George Warren, K. B. fituate on the fuuth N z fide 136 KINGSTOI^ UPON THAMES. fide of Knighffbridge, near Kenfington Gore, but In the parlfii of St. Margaret, Wertmin(fer. KINGSTON UPON THAMES, a market-town in Surry, ii| miles from London, was either a royal rehdence, or a royal deinefhe, fo early as the union of the Saxon heptarchy ; for there is a record ex- tant of a council held there in 83S, at which Egbert, the firif King of all England, and his fon Athelwolf, were prefent ; and in this re- cord it is dyled Kyntngenflun, famofailla locus. Some of our Saxon Kings were aifo crowned here 5 and clofe to the north fide of the church is a large Hone, on which, according to tradition, they were placed during the ceremony. Adjoining to the fame fide, was for- merly a chapel, in which were the figures of fomeof the Saxon Kings that were crowned here, and alfo that of King John, who gave the inhabitants their firft charter, Ofthefe kings Mr. Lyfons gives the following account, on the authority of our ancient hiftorians ; viz, Edward the elder, crowned A. D. 900 j his fon AthelHan, in 9255 Edmund, in 940 j Eidred, or Edred, in 946; Edwy, or Edwin, in 9555 Edward the Martyr, in 975 5 and Ethelred, in 978 j Edgar, who fucceeded to the throne in 959, is faid to have been crowmed either at Kingfion or at Bath. In the inferiptions over thefe figures, fome of them were faid to be crowned in the market-place, and others in the chapel j but no particular fpot is mentioned in the old chronicles. Thefe figures were deftroyed by the fall of the chapel m 17305 at which time Abraham Hammerton, the fexton of this pariib, digging a grave, was buried under the ruins, with anothef perfon, and his daughter Either, The latter, notwithftanding the lay covered feven hours, furvived this misfortune 17 years, and was her father’s fuccetfor. The memory of this event is preferved by a print of this fingular woman, engraved by M‘Ardell. King- ilonfent members to parliament in the reign of the fecond and third Edwards 5 and ceafed to be a borough, in confequence of a petition from the corporation, praying to be relieved from the burden of fending members. Here is a wooden bridge over the Thames, and a free fchool, f >unded by Qu,een Eli?.;ibeth, the fchool-room of which is an ancient chapel, that belonged to the demobthed hofpital of St, Mary Magdalen. Here alfo is an almflioufe, built, in 1668, by Alderman Cleave, for fix men, and as many women. The Lent affizes are held here. In this place is Canbury-Houfe, the feat of John Henry Parker, Ei’q. near which is a fpacious barn, in which twelve teams may unload at once. It has four entrances, four threfhing floors, and is fupported by twelve pillais. In the hamlet of Norb.ton (which is the entrance into the town from London) is Norhitqn Hal), the feat of Thomas Lintail, Efq. Norbiton Place, l>eIonging to John Sherrar, Efq 5 and the handfomc houfe of Wil- liam Bowles, Kfq. At the other extremity of the town, is the hamlet of Surbiton, in which, on the banks of the Tham-s, is the villa of Edward Fahr, Efq. and farther on, in the road to Ewel, is Surbiton Houfe, the feat of Thomas Fafiett, Elq, whofe gardens extend to the Thames. In 1769, an afl of Pailia^ ment K NO 337 ment was obtained, for feparating the psrifli clnirch of Klngfton, and its dq^endent chapeis of Richmond, Moulley, Thames Dit- ton, Peterfharn; and Ke^v, and toiming th« whole panfh into two vicarages and two perpetual curacies. See Comh Ne^zil. ' KINGS WOOD LODGE, the elegant feat of William Smith, Efq. on Cooper’s Hill, in the panfh of Egham. Near the houfe is placed a I’eat, which the lovers of poetry wdll deem facred 5 it being on the very fpot Vv/hence Denham took his view of the rick ' and various Icenery, deferibed in his celebrated poem. From this houfe, which is 19 miles from London, the hour and minute hands of St. Paul’s clock have, by the aid of a tdefcope, been di dingily ieen. KIPPINGTON, near Sevenoaks, in Kent, late the feat of Sir Charles Farnahy Radcliffe, Bart, now belongs to Mr. Auftin* KNIGHTSBRiDGE, the krd village from London, in the great, weftern road, is htuated in the pariOies of Chelfea, St. George Hanover Iquare, and St. Margaret, Well minder, but has a cha- pel independent of thole parifnes. On the fouth fide of KnightD bridge, near Kenfington Gore, but in the parKh of St. Margaret, are Ibme handibme infulated villas, particularly thole of James Vere, Eiq. Sir George Warren, K. B. and the Duke of Rutland * See Kingjion H^uje, Near Hyde Park Corner, on the fouth fide of the road, is SL George’s Horpital for the Tick and lame. The centre part was the feat of James Lane, Vilcount Laneiborough, who died there in 1724, and is recorded by Pope in this memoi able dine ^ Sober Lanefoorough dancing with the gout, KNIGHT’S KILL, the feat of Lord Thurfow, in the ppriih of Lambeth, between Dulwich and Norwood. When bis Loid- Hiip pui chafed this eftate of the Duke of St. Alban’s, a few ymi'S ago, there was only a farm-houfe upon it, which be r.e'w- fronted 5 building, at the Dme time, fome additional apartments. But he afterward took the whole down,- and erebled tire prefent manfion, in a plain and fimple ftyle, under the- dire< 5 fion of Mr, Holland> This hoiile is the firli that wbS ever finilbed throughout with the new invented cone fioo; ing. From the-, upper Ivories are delightful views over Kent, Surry, and the metropolis 3 and ihe Thames is difcernible, in various parts, from Cheitca to Gravelend, His Lordfhip, during the building of this houfe, refided in a fmaller one in the neighbourhood., KNOLS, the feat of the Duke of Dorlet, near Seven- oaks, m Kent, one of . the moft magnificent ancient manfions in the.king- dom, was pGlLffed, in the time of King John, by Baldwin de Bethun. From him, through-tlre.Marefchals Earls of Pembroke^ and the Bigods, Earls of Norfolk, it dcfcended to Ot'ho de Gfan» difon,who held it in the reign of Edward I* Sir Thomas Grand!- fon> in the. lime of Richard IJf conveyed it to Geoffrey de Say> ' ' whof® KNOLE. 138 whofe daughter transferred it to Sir William Fiennes, and Si^ William’s Ton to Archbid^op Boiicbier, by whom confiderable ad- ditions were made to the edifice, and who bequeathed it by will to the lee of Canterbury. Archbifhop Moreton IrVewife added to the building ; and Cranmer obl’erving, that the grandeur of t 4 te‘ ftru( 51 ;ure excited the invidious remarks of the laity, exchanged it for lands with the crown. It continued a royal domain till the reign of Edward VI. who granted it to his uncle the Duke of So- merlet. John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, obtained pof- fellion, on Somerfet’s convi6lion, Northumberland’s execution again transferred it to the crown ; and Cardinal Pole procured it of Queen Mary for his life. On its lapfing a third time, Eli- zabeth prefented it to her favourite the Earl of Leicefter, who re- figncd it. The Qu^een then conferred it on Thomas Sackvillc,, ^Earl of Dorfet, who (with the exceptions of its being feized on in the time of the ufurpation, and of an alienation, by Richard, the third Earl, to Henj'v Smith, Efq. Alderman of London, which, was redeemed by the Lordfhip’s nephew)' tranfmitted uninter- rupted pofTcflion to his defcendants. Scarce any of the ancient manfions of our nobility can imprefs us more with the ideas of feudal magnificence than this dcjes.. Its lite, “ embofomed high in tufted trees j” the fpace it occupies, upward of five acres j its towers and battlements : all concur in recalling to recollection the days of chivalry and romance. The entrance into the houfe is through a great tower portal, which leada into a large quadrangular court, with a grafs plat on each fide, in one of which is a gladiator, and iu the other, Venus orta Mari. From this court is an entrance, through a large tower in the centre, into another court,, with a portico in front, fup- ported by eight Ionic columns j over which is an open gallery,, with a baluilrade, for walking. In \dfi ting the apartments, in the order in which they are fhown„ we iiifl enter l^he Halt In this room are, the horns of an eik, feven feet two inches front tip to tip, and we* hing 56 pounds j the horns of of a rhinoceros 5 the horns of an antelope y a Caribbean canoe 5 a line marble flatue of Demofthenes, purchafed in Italy, by the prefent Duke, for 700! , a marble flatue of E^eria ; and a grand mufic gallery, with a foreen of curious old carving. T he antique windows are of* flained glafs^ Ihe Bro^n Gallery . The piClures are, a Mlfer, Qu^intin MatfyS} George Villiers fidl Duke of Buckingham j. Abp. Bancroft 5, Cromwell’s Barber, afterward .General Davis, Dobfon p a Sileiius, Rubens i two Landlcapes* Claude Lorrain; Sir Henry Neville^ Holbein} his Lady, Daughter of the firft Earl of Dorfet, ditto : Lord Hunfdon and his Son, ditto;, SirKenelm Digbys, a copy, by Gouge ; a Nun ; Edward fourth Earl of Dorfet j a Lady ; Charles I. and his Queen, Vandyck ; Lionel firft Earl of Middlefex, and his daughter, Frances, wife of Richard, fifth Earl of Dorfet 3 Charles IL KNOLE. 139 General Monk; a SpaniOi Lady ; Betterton, the A6lor ; two Dutch pieces; Ditto, by Heemfkirlc ; James fecond Eari of Mid. dlefex. The Horn Gallery, The pi61ures are, Luther, Melan6fhon, Erafimis, Pomeranius, each of them by Holbein ; of various illuL trious perfons in the time of Henry Vill, and the three fucceed- ing reigns ; tw^o Heads of Anne Boleyn ; Edward VL; Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia ; VVickliff. Lady Beitj Germatne' s Bed Chamber. In this room are Van. dyck, and his father-in-law, the unfortunate Earl of G )wry, irit gold tapellry : the principal pictures are, Judith with the Head of Hdofernes ; the Lady of Sir Walter Raleigh ; St. Francis; and a Holy Family. The Dr effing Room, In this are, Edward fourth Earl of Dorfet, Vandyck ; the Duke's, Arms, cut in paper, by Mrs. Robinfon ; Richard fifth Earl of Dorfet ; two of Charles fixth Earl of Dorfet,. when a Child ; Drawings by Polidore, Titian, Michael An- gelo, See, The Spangled Red Room, The pi6lures, James Duke of Mon- mouth, and Mrs. Sackviiie, Lely. Here is a tiate-bed, prefented: by James I, to Lionel Earl of Middiefex, Lord Treafurer, and a. curious large ebony cabinet*. The Drejfmg Room. The piflures^ the Hiftory of the Macca- bees, Vandyck j Medea and Jafon, Titian.; Abraham entertaining the Angels, Guercino ; a Sybil, a copy, by Old Stone, at Rome Francis I. af France, Holbein ; his C^een, ditto; PeafantSj Te. niers ; Dryden ; Charles V,. Holbein ; Angel and St. Peter; Anne Dudicfs of York, Mother of Queen Mary and Queen Anne, Lely;. Countefs of Shrewfbiiry, ditto Duchefs of Richmond a Satyr difeovering a fieeping Venus, Correggio ; Sir Theodore Mayerne,. Phyfjcian to James 1, Vandyck a Dutch Piece, Heemikirk ; Van- dyck and Lord Gowiy, Vandyck y a Landficape, Siivator, Rofa ; Frank Hals, by himfeit ; a Nativity, Baflan ; Holy Family, Titian*. The Billiard Room. The pi 6 fures., Oliver Cromwell,, Walker; Democritus, Mignard ; Heraclitus, ditto; the Story of Adeon,. Titian; the Story of Calilto, ditto; James Cranfieid. and his Sifter, Vandyck; Edward fourth Earl of Dorfet, ditto the Salu- tation, Rembrandt; Prince Palatine of the Rhine and his two Daughters, Lucas de Heere ; George HI, Ramfay ; Q^een Char- lotte, ditto; Philip II. of Spain, Sir A. More ; his Qi^eeiii ditto 5 Lady Martha Cranfield ; Sir Ralph Bofweli ; Holy Family ; Lionel Duke of Dorfet, and liis Sifter, when Children ; Countefs of Bed- ford, Lely ; Arts and Sciences, Vafari ; Anthony and Cieopatr^, Dance; James Marq^uis of Hamilton, Vandyck; James I, Mytens; Henry Prince of Wales, his Son;, Lord Somers, Kneller; Robert fecond Earl of Dorfet ; Duke d’^El’pernon ; a Venetian Ambaflfador^ G. Janflen. . On a window is painted a man in armour, with this infeription : “ Hermannus de Sacville,, praepotens Normannus, in- travlt Angliam Cgn here reds at laft.” Ano- ther monument, recounting the demolition of his tomb, and the treatment of his body, was fet up, by the fame prelate, in the fouthwelt corner of this chapel. The Gateway: The archives of the fee are kept in a room over tho gateway, called the record-room. This gateway, and the ad- joining tower, which are of brick, were built by Abp. Morton, about the year 1490. The Ne^ Buildings: A houfe on the right liand of the iirit court, l)uilt by Abps. Sancroft and Tiilotlbn, is thus called. The Great Hall : The dimenfions of this hall are 93 feet by 38. It has a gothic root of wood. The Guard Chamber: anciently ufed as fuch, is ^6 feet by 27I, and is luppofed to have been built before the year 1424. It is roofed like the hall. Adjoining to this are a drawing room and drefiing room, built by Abp, Cornwallis. The Prefence Chamber has three windows adorned with painted glafs, reprefenting St. Jerome and St. Gregory, with old Englifli verfes beneath them. The middle window has a painted fun-dial, with a view of the theatre at Oxford, and the arms of the See, and of Abp. Sheldon., at whofe expence it was done. LAMBETH PALACE. 147 'I he Lobby ; In this room is the portrait of Henry Prince of Wales, fon to James 1. ‘The Long Gallery, built by tl>e mild and amiable Cardinal Polej^ is 90 feet by 16. The wainfcot remains in its original Itate, being, all of mantled carving. In the v/mdows are coats or arms of dif- ferent Prelates of this See, It is filled with portraits, chiefly pre- lates, among v/hich are Abps. Warham and Parker, by Holbein 5, another of the laft prelate, by Lyne 5 and Bp. Hoadly, by his fe- cond wife. The prefent Abp. has made a very handfome bow window, in tha modern tafie, from the ceiling to the fioor. This affords a fine idew of the lawn and plantations; and, in the latter, openings have been made, through which Weitminller .Abbey, the Bridge, the Pafent Shot Manufa 61 :ory 3 St. Paul’s, and the Monument, are feea to great advantage, and produce a fine effe6f . The Great Dining Room has all the Abps. from Laud to Corn- wallis. That of Laud is by Vandyck ; Juxon, from a good origi- nal, at Longleate; Tenifon, by Dubois; Herring, by Hogarth Hutton, by Hudfon; Seeker, by Reynolds; and Comwaliis, by Dance. In thefe portraits may be oblerved the gradual change of the clerical drefs, in the articles of bands and w igs, A large rufF anciently fupplied the place of the former. Abp. Tiilotfon was the firft prelate that wore a wig, which was then not unlike the na- tural hair, and vrorn without powder. The Lollards To^er : At the top of this tower is the room irr which the Lollards were confined. It is only feet Iqng am! nine broad. In the wainfcot, which is of oak, are fafiened eight irom rings ; and there are many half fentences, with names and letters, cut with a knife, as is fuppofed, by the perfons confined here. It is here to be obferved, that the Archbifimps, before the Reforma- tion, had prifons for the punifhment of ecclefiaftical offenders, Q^een Elizabeth frequently made this palace a prifon ; not only committing the two Fopifn Prelates, Tunfiall and Thirleby, to the cuftody of the Archbilhop, but other perfons of rank ; here the Earl of Effex was confined before he was fent to the Tower. It was ufual for them to be kept in feparate apartments, and to eat at the Archbifliop’s table. The Library was founded by Abp. Bancroft, in i6io. HisTuc- cefibr, Abbot, took great pains to fecure the books to the See, and, at his death, much increafed them. During the civil war, they were depofited at Cambridge, at the fuggeftion of the celebrated Selden, that Trinity College, in that univerfity, had a reverfionary riglit to them, on the abolition of the hierarchy. Here they re- mained till the redoration, when they were returned to Abp. Sci- don, who made a confiderable addition to them. Abp. Tennifon allb bequeathed a part of Ids books to this library, as did Abp. Seeker; many valuable books have been added by Abp. Cornwallis; and the number of them amounts to 25,000 volumes. On the liorth eaff window is painted in glal's, the portrait of St. Auguffine, O z wi-tb- L A T 148 with old Englifli verfcs beneath it j and near it is a figure of Abp, Chichele, with the motto of Abp, Stafford, put here by the mif- take of a glazier. This library is adorned with a fine pi6fure of Canterbury Cathedral, and prints of all the Archbifiiops from Warham to the prefent lime. Here alio Archbifncp Cornwallis placed fome fmall prints, framed, of the principal reformers from popery, and of the moft eminent noncoaformift minifters of the la(t and prefent century. The fliell of a tortolfe is fhewn, to which a, label is affixed, importing, tiiat- this tortoife was put in the garden, by Abp. Laud, 1663, and killed in 1757, by the negligence of a gardener. This library (lands over the cloiiters, and forms a narrow gallery, Which occupies the four fquares of a quadrangle. Among the books, is an o6lavo edition of the Li- turgy of the Church of England, ti'anilated into the Mohawk lan- guage by the famous Indian Chief, Colonel Brandt. ne 'library of MSS, hands ove*' part of the lafr, and contains shout 11,000 MSS. many of which are very curious. The prefent Abp. has given a confiderabie (urn for the fitting up of a proper re- pofitory for this colie6fion. LAMBETH, SOUTH, between Stockwell and Vauxhall, was thought fo agreeable a fitiiation, by Sir Noel Caron (who was, for 33 years, ArahafTador to this country from the United Provinces) that he erected here a handfome palace with two wings. On the front was written, Omnejolum forti patria. What remains of it is an academy, called Caron Houfe 5 and on a fpot, which was part of his park, is Caron Park, the handfome villa of Charles Blicke, Efq. Oppoiite to this is a new chapel of eafe, built by a fubfcription of the inhabitants. LANGLEY BROOM, a fc altered village in Bucklnghamlhlre, 18 miles from London, to the right of the road to Coinbrook. The parifia confifts of three difiri6ly, called Wefimore Green, Horfemore Green, and Southern or Middle Green ; in the lafi: of which is the elegant feat of Mr. Irby, and a neat hcufe, built by Mr. Webb, and the rtfidence of Robert Spragge, Efq. ' LANGLEY PARK, near CoInbrook, the feat of Sir Robert Batefon Harvey, Bart, is a handfome (lone building, ereHed by the late Duke of Marlborough. It is in the centre of a fine park, abounding with a variety of fine timber. A piece of water runs along the foiith front of the houfe, at the foot of a fioping lawn, on which aia? fcattered fome beautiful clumps of trees, and other woodland fcenery. A rifmg ground, at rlie weft extremity of the paik, leads to an extenfive inclofure, called the Black Park, en- tirely covered by firs, except where fome roads are cut. In the centre is fine lake. There is fomething of Alpine fcenery in this fequeftered fpot, the idea of which is the more forcibly imprerfid by the fiuToimding fombre woods of deep-tinted firs. LATTON PRIORY, three miles Ibuth of the church of Lat- ton, aiid half a mile weft of the road from Epping to Harlowe. The priory church, now ufed as a barn, confifts of a nave and a crofs aide 5 Z E" E 149 '^ aide ; and the tnfide of the building is of the lighter (Tyle of Gothic^ with the pointed arch. The materials of which it is compofed are Hint, ftoiies, mortar, and the old fiat bricks called Roman j and what appears to have been the fite of the priory is funounded by a moat, without which, fouth of the prefent buildings, human bones- are frequently found j which circumilance points out the ancient burial-place. Eail: of the church, withoir. the moat, appears a fmall riling, with a hollow without it, like the remains of an in-^ trenchment. The interval between this rife and the moat, the in- habitants, from its appearance, call the Monks’ Bowling Greeno The Canons of this priory were Augudine. At the difTolution, it was granted to Sir Henry Parker. It was purchafed, in 156s by James Altham, Efq. whofe defcendanf, Sir William Altham,. fold It to William Lulhiiigton, Efq. with the fine manor and man- fion of Marks Hall, in this pariih. Mr, Lufliington rebuilt the houfe in the modern ftyle, and fold it to Montague Burgoyne, Efq. LAVER, the name of three parifhes weft of Ongar/ in ElTtx, diftinguillied by the appellations of Mighy Magdalen, and Little. In the parilli of High Laver is Otes, the feat of Sir Fran- cis Marfham, M.P. for Eilex, from 1690 to 1708. That iliuf- trious philofopher, John Locke, fpent much of his time, in the laft ten years of his life, at Otes, where he w'is treated with the ufmoft fi'iendfhip by Sir Francis and his excellent Lady, Damaris, who confoled his lail moments, by her kind offices, and by reading to him the Plalms, and other portions of Scripture. Here he died, in 1704, and was buried in the fouth fide of the church -yard, under a black marble grave-ftone, incl »fed by iron rails ; and, cn the wail of the church above, is his epitaph) printed in his works* This tomb and monument were repaired about twelve years ago*. Ores continued in this family till the death of the laft Lord fham, in 1776. It is now the feat of John Baker, Efq. LAYTONSrONE. See Louo Layton. LEA, a river of Herts, which rifes out of Leagrave Mar/li m the fouth of Bedfordfhire, and flowing obliquely to the eaftern fde- of the county, waflies the towns of Hertford and Ware, from the laft of which it is navigable to the Thames. It collets, in iis courfe, all the ftreams of the northern and eaftern parts of the county, divides part of it from EfLx, and is. the boundary between, that county and Middlefex. LEATHERHEAD,. a village in Suny, four miles S, W, of Epfom, had formerly market.. Here is a neat bridge of leveral arches over the river Mole,. In its vicinity are fome handfome. villas 5 particularly Thorncroft, the feat of Henry Boulton, Efq*. Lord of the Manor ; Ran dall Houfe, the feat oF Dainoufie Weal tberftone,. Efq. and Gfvon’s Grove, the refidence qf Mr. Fuller, LEE, a village in Kent, fix miles from London,, on the fouth* fide of Blackheath, and on the road to Maidifone, contains Lee^ Place, the handfome feat of Lord Dacre. Here is likewife the an^ dent family feat of Charles Boone, Efq, occupied by Benjamin ^ ^ Harrifon^ LEITH-HILL. 150 Harriron, Efq. On the fummit of the hill, next the heath, ftands the ancient church of Lee, in a lituation particularly rural and pic- rarefque. In the churchyard are two tine monuments ; the one of the Boone, and the other of the Fludyer family. The great affro- nomer-royal. Or. Edmund Halley, is interred here, under a plain tomb, with a Latin infcription, which is printed wdth his life. It is to be regretted that the iliuftrious Halley had not the Icien- tific and munificeiit Patron. of a Herfchel. LEITH-HILL, five miles W. by S. of Dorking, in Surry, is admired for one of -the noblefi: profpe8:s in Europe, of which Mr. Dennis has given the following defcription in his Familiar Letters. In a late journey I took through Surry, I pafled over a hill which ihewed me a more tranfporting fight than ever the country Lad fiiewn me before, either in England or Italy. The proj'pe^ls which in Italy pleafed me the moft, were, the Valdarno from the Appennines j Rome and the Mediterranean from the mountains of Viterbo, the former at forty and the latter at fifty miles ddfance ; and the Campagne of Rome from Tivoli and ^ Frefcati : from which places you fee every foot of that famous Champagne, even from the bottom of the Tivoli and Frefcati to the very foot of the mountains of Viterbo, without any thing to intercept your fight. But from a hill I pafied in my late journey, I had a profpe^l more extenfive than any of thefe, and which furpaffed them at once in rural charms, pomp, and magnificence-— the hill which I fpea*c of is called Leith Hill,, ^ind is fituated about fix miles fouth of Dork- ing, It juts out about two miles beyond that range of hills vy’hicli terminate the north Downs on the foiuh. When I faw from one of thofe hills, at about two miles diitance, that fide of Leith Hill v.^hich faces the Downs, it appeare'd the moft beautiful profpe6l I bad ever feen. But, after we had conquered the hill itfelf, I faw a fight that would tranfport a fioic *, a fight that looked like enchant- ment and vifion ! .Beneath us lay open to ©ur view all the wilds of Surrey and Sufiex, and a great part of thofe of Kent, admirably diverfified in every part of them with woods, and fields of corn and padure, and every where adorned with liateiy rows of trees# 'rhis beautiful vale is about thirty miles in breadth, and about fixty in lengrhj and is terminated to the fouth by the majefiic range of the fouthein hills and the Tea, and it is no eafy matter to decide wlietber the hills, which appear thirty, forty, or filty, miles didance, with their tops in the fky, feem more awful and vene- rable, or the deLcioiis vale between you and them more inviting. About noon, on a ferene day, you may, at thirty miles didance, fee the water of the fea through a chafm of the mountain ; and that above all v/hich makes It a noble and wonderful prorpe6f is, that at the very time thar, at thirty miles diitance, you behold the very water of the Tea, at the fame time you behold to the fouth- ward the mod delicious rural profpeH in the world. At the fame time, by a little turn of your head towards the north, you look full over Box HiiK and fee the country beyond it between that and London | L I M 151 London ; and, over the very i^omacher's qf it, fee St. Paul’s at twenty- five miles diftance, and London beneath it, and Hampftead and Highgate beyond it.” It commands a view of the county of Surrey, part of Hampfiiire, Berkfhire, and Nettlebed in Oxford- (hire, (bine parts of Bucks, Hertfordfiiire, Middlelex, Kent, and Efiex j and, by the lielp of giafies, Wiltfiiire. The whole cir- cumference of the extent of villa is at leafi: 200 miles, which far exceeds that of the Keep and Terrace at Windfor Cafile, oyer which you may fee as far as the eye, unarmed with art, is able to dillinguilh land from Iky. At the top of one part of the bill a fijiiare tower has been ere 61 ed, with an infeription importing, that Mr. Hull, after having ferved in feveral parliaments, retired from public biilinefs to the exercife of the private virtues, and having cholen thivS deiightfuL fpot for the depofitory of his bones, is here interred. Leith-Hili Tower is a very confpiciious obje6l, and it is much to be lamented that Mr. Hull did not, by his will, oblige his heirs (who came into the pofieflion of a large efiate) to keep it in repair, St= LEONARD’S HILL, a fine eminence in Windfor Fored, beautifully clothed with venerable oaks and majdVic beeches. On the fummit is a noble feat, built by Maria Countefs Dowager Waldegrave, and having been greatly improved by the Duke of Gloiicelter, on his marriage with that lady, it received the name of Gloucefier Lodge. This elegant villa, with the pleafure grounds, lawns, and meadows, confiding of about 75 acres, were fold by aublicn, in 1781, to Mr. Macnamara, f)r 7100 guineas. Of him it was purchafed by General Harcourt for io,oool. The principal elevation of the building is regular, and the apartments are fpacious and elegant. In the fouth front, adjoining the hall, is a Gothic room, called the Saloon, where the plate-glafs in the compartments on one fide, and the large convex mirrors on the other, reiterate the ohjebls, and produce a very pieafing effcbl. It is now the feat of Mrs. Birch. LEWISHAM, a village in Kent, si rniles from London, in the road to Bromley. In this pariih is a hill, with an oak upon it, called the Oak of Honour, becaufe Qu^ten Elizabeth is , faid to have dined under it. Tlie original tree, which ferved for a canopy to this illufirlous Princefs, is long ago perifhrd ; but care has been taken to plant an oak on the fpot, that this traditional anec- dote may not be forgotten. The church is an elegant modern edifice, w’hich contains elegant monuments by Mtffrs. Banks and Flaxman. A branch of the river Ravenlbourn runs through the ftreet of this village, and is a great addition to its b- aiity. LIMEHOUSE, ST. ANNE’S, at the eaftern extremity of the metropolis, is a parifii taken from that of Stepney. The church, a mafiy inelegant ftrii6lure, is one of the 50 new churches built in the reign ol Q^een Anne. A new cut, from the river Lea, enters the Thames at this place, and faves th« circuitous navigation round the Me of Dogs, It was made about the year 1767. LIM£% LUX 152 LIMEU 0 U 3 E HOLE, part of the hamlet of Poplar, has two confiderable yards for fhip-building ; one belonging to Mr. Bat-* fon, and the other to Mdlis. Hill and Mellifh. LINGFIELD, in Surry, on the borders of Kent and SufTex, has a fine fpring on the cominon, paled in, and of the fame virtue with that of Tunbridge. LITTLE rON, a villao-e, near Laleham. Here is the handfome feat of Thomas Wood, Efq. LONG I>ITTON, a village in Surry, two miles from King- fton. It has a neat and even elegant new church. " LONGFORD, a hamlet of Karmondfworth, 15 miles from London, in the road to Bath, Is watered by the river Coin, which- crofles the road here in four branches. It is frequented by the lovers of angling. LOUGHTON, a village, ii miles from London, in the road to Epping. Louwhton Hall is the feat of Mifs Whitaker, and Golden Hi!l, in the fame parifh of Mrs. Clay. Here alio is an- ancient building, called Qu^een Elizabeth’s Lodge, faid to h*ave been a hunting feat of that Princefs. It is the property of Wil- liam Heathcote, Efq. and is occupied by his gamekeeper. LOW LAYTON, a village in Eflex (which, with that of Laytonilone, forms but one parifh) on the fkirts of Epping Foreh, 5I miles from London. Here are fome fine feats j particularly the Foreft Houfe, fronting the foreff, ihe property of the late Sa- muel Bolanquet, Efq.^ the beautiful manfion of Thomas Oliver, Efq.; and the Manor Houfe, once the feat of that great lawyer. Sir John Sf range, and now of Nathaniel Brafley, Efq. Here was a Roman ftationj feveral foundations, with Roman bricks and coin?^. having been found near the Manor Houfe; and fome urns, with albes in them, have been dug up in the church-yard and ctlier parts. LULLINGS'T'ON PLACE, the fine fea' and park of Sir John Dixon Dyke, Bart. 18 miles from London, on the right of the road to Maidftone. LUXBOKOUGH, the elegantvilla of the late Admiral Sir Ed- ward Hughes, K. B and now of Lady Hughes, is htuated in the parifh of Chigwell, near Woodford Bridge, Effex, and was built by Lord Luxborough. in the year 174.Z. it afterward became the property of Sir Edward Walpole,. who having in vain' endeavoured to drain effeflualiy the furrounding land, which was occafioitally flooded, difpofed of it to Mr. Samuel Feach,who pnrehafed it on fpeculation ; and by him it was again fold, in 1782, to Lady, Hughes, who, during the abfence of the Admiral, in the Eafl In- dies, dire6Ied all the improv-ements in the houfe and gardens. In. thefe fhe has (hewn a fine tahe, with indefatigable perfeverance.- She contrived, moreover, the mod efFe6lual prefervation againlt any future encroachments of the river Roding, which now adorns the. fertile grounds it had been accuilomed to disfigure^ MADAM’S M A R L53 M ADAM’S COURT HILL, a hill in Kent, 19 miles from Lon- don, in the road to Sevenoaks. It commands a very rich and extenfive profpe6i:. MALDEN, a village in Surry, about three miles from King- iione, has a powder-mill, on a itream that runs from Ewell to that town. MARBLE HILL, the villa of the late Earl of Buckingham- fhire, at Twickenham, fstuate oi>afine green lawn, open to the Thames, and adorned on each fide by a beautiful grove of horfe- chefnut trees. The houfe is a fmail white building, without wings, but of a plcahng appearance. It was built by George II. for the Countefs of Suffolk, Miftrefs of the Robes to Q^een Caroline. Henry Earl of Pembroke was the archite61 , and the gardens were laid out by Pope, They are very pleafant, and have a beautiful grotto, to which you are condu6Ied by a winding alky of flowering fiirubs. This houfe was lately in the occupation of Mrs. Fitz- herbert. M ARDEN, near Godftone, in Surry, the fine feat and park of Sir Robert Clayton, Bart. MARGARETTING (pronounced a village In Eflex, 25 miles from London, in the road to Chelmsford, on the left hand of which’ is Coptford Hall, the handfome feat of Mrs. Holden, MARYBONE, or ST. Mx\RY-LE-BONE, once a country village to the north- w^eft of London. It was anciently called Ty- burn, from its fituation near a fmail bourne or rivulet (formerly called Aye Brook, or Eye Brook, and now Tyburn Brook) which runs from the fouth fide of Hampftead, by Belfyfe, and,afrer a fuh- terranean courfe through different parts of Marybone, Oxford Street, St. James’s Park, &c. flows through Tothill Fields into the Thames. Hence it is conje^Iuied ( See Lyfons^ VqL III. page 2^2) that when the fite of the church was altered to another Ipot near the fame brook, it was called St. Mary the bourn, now corrupied to St. M.?ivy-le-bone, or Mary-/^ was entire. At prefent, there is no other veltige of the ab- bey, but the eafl window of the chapel, which appears, from the Ryle of its architedure, to have been built in tbe 15th centui} ,,. The walls which I’urround the premifes, including about 60 acres, are nearly entire, being built of flints. On the fite of the abbey (which, after the diflblution, palled into various hands) a manuiac- toiy for printing calicoes was ettabliihed in 17245 it is now occu- pied by'Meff. Newton, Plodgibn, and Leach. Another calico rna- nufadory, edabliflied within thefe walls, in 1752, is now can ied on by Mr. Half hide 5 and, at the north- weft corner of the premifes, is a copper-mill, in the occupation of Mr. Thoytts. Upon a mode- rate commutation, a tliouland peiTons are now employed in the dif- ferent manufadories within the walls 5 a pleafing contiaft to thq monaltic indolence which reigned here in the gloomy ages of fuftr- flition. MIT 155 iHtioe. The parlfli church was built of fiints, early in the 12th century, by the founder of the abbey. From the ftyle of architec- ture^ there can be little doubt that the prelent church was the origi- nal ftriuflure. It has been lately neatly pladered on the outfide, and beautified in other refpefts. The bridge over the river, built in 1633, is remarkable for its arch, which is turned with tiles, infiead of brick or fione 5 and It is the boundary of the three pariflies of Mitcham, Wimbledon, and Merton.-— In this parilh are Cannon Hill, the feat of William Mollefon, Efq. and the villa of Mr. Graves, purchafed of the late Sir Richard Hotham. Farther on, in the road to Kingfton, Sir Richard ert6led another villa, in a whim- fical Ityle. MICKLEHAM, a village, at the foot of Box Hill, between Leatherhead and Dorking. It is 2o| miles from London, and is watered by the Mole, Here Sir Charles Talbot, Bart, has a feat; and, adjoining the Downs, is Juniper Hill, a handfome houfe, with curious plantations, late Sir Cecil Bifnop’s, and Mr. Jenkinfon of Charing Crofs, but at prelesit untenanted. MILL GREEN HOUSE, the feat of Alexander Allen, Efq. In theparifhof Fryerning, two miles from Ingateffone, may jufily be Ilyled a palace in miniature, being fitted up with uncommon ele- gance. The windows of the drawing-room, which front the eafi, command a beautiful profpe6f. The extenfive pleafurc grounds are planted with exquifite talte; and great judgment is vifible in the garden, which has a capital green-houfe, iiot-houfe, grapery, &c. MILL HILL, a village in Middlefex, in the parifn of Hendon, 9J miles from London, has tlie handfome feat of Sir J. W. Ander- Ibn, which commands a beautiful profpe6f. MIMS, NORTH, a village in Hertfordfhire, two miles from Hatfield. In its neiglibourhood was the feat of Sir Jofeph Jekyll, Mafier of the Rolls, in right of his lady, heirefs to her brother the great Lord Somers.’ The body of that nobleman is interred in the chancel of the church, without any infcription. Flere is Mims Place, the fine feat of the Duke of Leeds. MIMS, SOUTH, a village of Middlefex, 15 miles from Lon- don, in the road to St. Alban’s. The tower of the chinch, which Hands by the road fide, is fo entirely mantled with ivy, as to form a very pi6Iurefque obje6f . See Gabions^ MITCHAM, a village in Surry, eight miles from London, on the road to Reigate. Mitcham Grove is the handfome feat of Henry Hoare, Efq. The river Wandle, which is an excellent trout ftream, winds through the plantations, and adds greatly to their beauty. On this river is erected a fmall wheel, by which the water is conveyed in pipes to the highefi part of the houfe. In this parifh alfo are Collier’s Wood Houfe, the feat of Francis Barlow, Efq. Ravenlbury, the feat of the late Admiral Arbuthnot ; and the villas of Mr. Bond and Mr. Crahmer. On the river are feme fnufF-miils, and the calico manufactories of Mr. Rucker and Mr. Fenning, The latter has an engine, in cafe of fire, the pumps of which are worked v/orked by the fame vvh’el that is iifed In the biifincfs. In th^ chancel of the church is a moniunent to the memory of Sir Ambroli Crovrley, an Alderman of London, who died in 1713, and is ce- lebrated in the Taller, No. 73, under the name of Sir Humphre) Green hat. MOLE, a river, in Surry, which rifes in the foiith part of tht county, runs north to Dorking, and palling beneath Box Hill, is generally believed to difappear in its vicinity, and to rife again near Leatherhead. Hence Pope calls it. The fullen Mole that hides his diving flood. But the fa£l is, that a tra6l of foft ground, near two miles in length, called the Swallows, in very dry feafons, abfoibs the waile water in caverns in the Tides of the banks ; but not fo as to prevent a conftant dream from taking its courfe in an open channel above ' ground, winding round in the vallies from Dorking to Leatherhead j though not of that breadth as when it croiTes the road at Mickie- ham 5 beyond which, at Burford-bridge, its channel, in very iiot ) feafons, is fometimes dry. This river, proceeding from Leatherhead to Cobham, enters the 1 hames at Ead Mouifey, on the fouth dde of Hampton-bridge. MONKEY- ISLAND, in the centre of the Thames, between Maidenhead and Windfor, and in the parifh of Bray. On this idand, which contains three acres, is a neat hoiife, 'with convenient oHices, built by the late Duke of Mailbcrough. On the ceiling of the room called Monkey Hall, is painted a variety of fuch flowers as grow by the v.?ater fide. Here are alfo reprefented feveral monkies, feme fifldng, feme fhooting, and one fitting in a boat fmoking, while a female is rowing him over a river. In the temple, the in- fideof the faloon is enriched by ducco modelling, reprelenting mer- maids, dolphins, fea-lions, and a variety of flfb and fliells richly gilt. The edablifhing of this delightful retreat cod the Duke 105000 guineas. The leafe oi it, for thirty years, at 25]. a year, was fold by Au( 51 ion, in July 1787, for 24.0 guineas, to Henry Towniey Ward, Efq. who .has a feat in the neighbourhood. See ^he W'lllouos* MONTREAL, the hand fome feat of Lord Amherd, fituate in the valley of Holmeldale, at Riverhead, near Sevenoaks. In the park is a column ere6fed to perpetuate the happy meeting of this noble lord- and his brother, who, after having been engaged on dif- ferent iirvices, in didantparts of the globe, during the lad war but one, and gained honour both to themlelves and then* country, v;erc permitted, by the favour of Heaven, to embrace each other on their native fpot. MOOR PARK, near Rickmanfworth, in Herts, the feat of the late Lord Anfon, and now of Thomas Bates Rous, Eiq. The park is extenfive and beautiful. The houlc was t riginally built by Car- dinal Wolfey, and was afterward in the poITefllon ol the unfortunate Duke of Monmouth, Then it came into the hands of Mr. Styles, who MORDEN COLLEGE. 157 who enlarged and beautified it, under the dire^^ion' oF Sir James Thornhill. From the foiuh, or principal front, he mude- a viila thi'oiigh the hill, that once ob(trii6fevi its view toward Uxbi’idge. He ere 61 ed aifo a north front, and cnt through the hiil toward Watlord, for a villa. This circumltance did not ei'cape the ccmuro cf Pope : Or cut wide views through mountains to the plain, Yoiril wifli your hill or flielter’d feat again. This he thus explrdns in a note: This was dbite in Hert!•ord.. ‘^bireJ by a wealthy citizen, at the expence of above 50G6I. by which means (merely to overlook a dead plain) he let in the-riorth wind upon his houie and parterre, which were before adorned and de- fended by beautiful woods." The houfe is built of (tone, of the Corinthian order. The principal front has a portico and pediment of four coluirms. The oiiices are joined to the houfe by a beaiiti- tul circular ccdonnade cf the Ionic order. Great improvements were made in the houfe and gardens by George Adams, E(q. to whom the united fortunes of his uncles devolving, lie airumcd the name of Anfon. The carriage of the done from London alone cofl 10, cool. Mr. Anfon foon alter fold it, for 20,000!. to the late- Sir Lawrence Dnndas^ Bart, whofe fun, Sir Thomas, completed the improvements. This noble feat was fold by au6f ion to Mr. Rous, in 1787. MORDEN COLLEGE, on the call fide of BlackheRh, in tlie paridi of Charlton, for the fupport of decayed merchants, was ere8ed by Sir John Mordcn, Bart, a Turkey merchant, feverai years before his death, winch haj^pened in the year 1708. it con- fiiifs of a large brick building, with two wings. ‘ The principal entrance is decorated with Doric columns, fedoons, and a pediment on (he top, over which rifes a turret, with a dial j and from the dome rife a ball and vane. To this entrance there is an afcent by a flight of circular fieps 5 and having palled through this part of the building, we enter into an inner fquare, furroimded hv piazzas. The chapel has a cofily altar-piece. * ; . This Ib ubture Sir John Morden eretded at a fmail difiance from his own habitation, and endowed it, after Ins Lady’s deteafe, with his whole efiate, to the value of about 1300I, per annum. He placed in this horpira) twelve decayed rurkey merchants in his life- time j bin Lady Morden, finding that the fhare, allotted her by Sir John’s will, was infufiicient for her decent fupport, was obliged to reduce the number to four. Upon her death, the number was /m- crealed ; there are now thirty-five; and the number being unlimit- ed, is to be increafed as the eitate will afford ; for the building will conveniently hold forty. The treaturer has 40]. a year; and the chapiain, who reads prayers twice a day, andaprcach.es twice every Sunday, had at firfi a ialary of 30I. per annum, which Lady Morden- doubled at her death. She- was-> in other refpe^Is, a benefa< 5 liers of the colletre, P and. Jvl o u 158 and, ns up berhnfbancrs datiie inn niche over the gate, the ti’ulites -put.up hcr'*5 in a niche adjoining. The p^nfioners have each 2ol.. a y:ear, and, at fn h, wore a gown with the founder’s hadyCj hut this has been long difiifed. They have a common table in the hall to eat and dnnk together at meals j and each has two convenient rooms, with a cellar. The trerdurer, chaplain, and penfioners, are obliged to rehde in fbe college j and, except in cafe of licknefs, no other perfbns a e to rdkle or lodge tliere. No perfon can be admitted as a peiihoncr tinder fi 5 tt y, years! ot age. Seven nierchams have the dlre6^ion of this liohiital, and the no- mination pf the perfons to be admitted into it. To them the irea- iurer is accountable j and vidicn any of thefe die, the iiirviving •trnhecs choofe othei's in their room. hlORDEN PARK, the elegant vil'a of Edward Polhill, Efq. is fituateci at Mo:den, j.o miles fiom London, in the road to Ep> iom, on an eminence, happily formed by nature, and embellilh.etl by art. The extenfive pleafure grounds are agreeably divcrlificd •by plantations, two fine Iheets of water, an elegant temple, tea- rowm, &c. MORTLAKE, a village of Surry, on the Thames, about levcn miles from London. Gr^ at part of this pai ifli is incl. fed in Rich- mond Park. The (lone lodge, upon the hill, was built after a de- fign of Henry Earl of Pembroke’s, and was intended by George I. as a })lace of refredmient after the fatigues of hunting 5 but it was not finifned till the late Pi incefs Amelia became Rangei' of the Park. Great quantites of afparagus are raifed in this parifli; and, at the extremity of the parifh, toward Richmond, his Majefiy has a farm cf about hty acres, in his own occupation. The manor, which is included in that of Wimbledon, belonged once to the See of Can- terbury 5 and the manor houle at Mortlake was occaficnahy the re- lidence oF the arch' -ifhops, from \nfclm, who celebrated the feaft of Whitfu-ntide here in 1099, to Warham, who was tlie lalt, and whofe fuccelT 1*, Ci anmer, alienated the manor to Henry VIII. in exchange for other lands. This monarch, at the dlAb.ution, gave the manor to hi^< new ei\6led Dean and Chapter of Worcelftr, v/ith the great tithes of the church at Wimbledon, on condition of their appointing three pei pe.ual curares, to I'erve the church there, and the two chapels of Mortlake nd Puiney. At Mortlake are thAiand- fbme houfe and gaidens of Mr. Fianksj and there is an ancient houfe, let to Mils Aynfeomb, which is laid to have been the reli- dence of Oliver Cromwell j but which was certainly the refidence, in the prefeiit century, of that excellent man, Edward Colilon,E:q, the great benefablor of the city of Bi iftol, wiio, in his life-time, ex- pended moi t than 70 cool in charita ie imtitutions. MOULSKY, two towns, fo denominated from the river IVToIe, whicli fl vvs between them to the Thames. Eait Moull’ey is fi.uated oppoFre H smpton Court, and cv:-:s granted by Charles II. to Sir jhuncs Clarke, grandtather to the late Lord of the Manor, who had the N E W 159 I the ferry thence to Hampton Court, in the room of which he ere 61 ed- a handfome bridge, where a high toll s tiik.tii ot all pailengci:}, carriages, Szc. It is now the properly of Lord Brownlow.^ Vvtil Moulley, has a feny to Hampton Town, wiuch belongs to the dame nobleman. MUSWELL HILL, a village in MiddlelVx, sf miies/rcm Lon- don, in the parilh of Honiley. It derives its n une from^ a mous well on the hill, wlitre loimerly tlie fraternity ol St. jonn (d Jernfaiem in Clerkenwell had iheiidaiiy, v^lih a large iann adja- cent. Here they built a chapel tor the benefit of iome tnins, m which they fixed the image of our Lady of Muiwe'd. 1 heie nu'-\s had the Idle managenKnt of the da ry ^ and it is Imgidar, that the faid well and farm do, at this time, biel(i)= g to the panOi of St. James, Cierkenweil. The water of tins ipring was then deemed a miiacuious cure for fcrophulous and cutaiieous diioiders. that reafon, it w'as much rdbrted to j and, as tradition lays, a iLmig of Scotland made a pilgrinvage hither, and v,nis perfecViy cured. There is not vrithm one handl ed nuLs of London a vdiage mere rui’al and plcafant, or that can boaii more various and cxtcnlive prorpe 6 fs. Baron Kutzleben has a pitafant villa at the bottom ot the niil ; an i an enciianting recreat, nearihe top, wrth fxteen acres of g;arden and pieafure gioimds, laid out in the Eneli talte by the late Mr. Topham Bcuciei k, belongs to John Porker, Eiq. N N ASING, a village In Efex, between V/altham Abbey and Koydon, thus noticed by the poet of Amweiij Delightful habitations! o’er the land Difpers’d around, from Waltham’s oiier'd ifies- Towhei'e black Naiing’s lonely tow’r o'erlooks Her verdant feids. Scott. NAVESTOCK, a village, 19 miles from London, near K a re Street, in the road to Ongar. Here is Navdicck Hall, the ieat of Countefs Dowager Waldegrave. NET FESW'ELL, a village near Harlow. In this parifli a fchool was built, purfuant to the will of William Marten, Eiq. for poor children of this and two adjoining parilheS. In the chancti is a monument to the memory of this gentleman, with a L .tin inferip- tion. There is another monument ere 6 fcd by the widow of iVIr. Marten, to the memory of her brother and nephevv t on a pyramid riling from an elevated bafe are the medalllcns of both : (he is re- prdented below, as large as life, in a mourning ])of ure, looking up earneftly at both the medallions. NEW COLLEGE, at Hackney, ftuated not far from the cluirch is the name of a new academical inilitution among the Pro- teilaiit Diilenters. The original building, which npw confiitutes K E W only the central part of the colle.'^e., was creeled by Stamp Brookl- t-Hriks Eiq. in the reign of George I. On Mr. Brookfbank’s death, the prernifes (which included eighteen acres of land, iur- i’ounded by a wall) were fold, with (ome padures adjoining, to Jolin Hopkins, Efq. of Brittons, in Efilx, who, loon after, con- iigned it to his fon-in-l'aw, Benjamin Bond, Efq. fre.m whom it came to his Ton, Ben] nnin Bond Hopkins, Efq, This gentleman parted Vv?ith the imufe and lands to Samuel Stratton, Efp. who, re- lerving the palhires to himlelf, fold the houfe to Mr. Hubbard, of whom it was piirchafed by the Governors of the New Academical liulitutiofi for 54c ol. They added two wings to the buildings arid gave it the name of the New College, Hackney. NEWINGTON BETTS, a village in Surry, extending from the end of Soiuhwark to KLennington Corniiion, is find to have received the name or Butts from the exercife of fliotting at .anciently much p:a 61 ifed here^ and in other towns- of England, to iu men toTerve as archers. In this village are tlie nlmshoufes of tlie Ivifiimonger’s Company; the molt ancient of which is St* Eeter’s Hofpitai, eieHed in 1618, for 22 of tiieir poor members. Bo the foiuhof this hofpital is another, founded in 1719, by Mr. Hulbert, whofe llatue ftands upon a pedellal. This is for 20 poor men and;Women. 'l^'he church was rebuilt, on a larger fcale, but on tlie fa^ie inconvenient fpot, by the fide of a great road, in 3793. NEWINGTON GREEN, a village between IHington and Stoke Newington, ccniiiling of a handlome fqiiare, partly in the pai'ifn. of Xfiing'ton; and partly in that oi Newington. On one fide of it is a meeting-houfe, of which tb.e late celebrated Dr, Price was MinifEr for many years. An old houle, In the centre oi the fouth fide, is laid to have been the rdidenee of Henry VIII, and a Eotpath in tlie neighbourhood retains the name of King Harry’s Walk. On the ceiling of the principal room of this houfe are the arms and initials of James I. Over the fire place are the arms of Lord Compton. This houfe is now divided. NEWINGTON, or STOKE-NEWINGTON, a village in Middlefex, 2f miles from London, in the road to Edmonton. Be- hind the church is a pleafant grove of tall trees, known by the name of Queen Elizabeth’s Walk, In the manor-houfe, then the feat of Sir Thomas Abney, the excellent Dr. Watts was treated, ibr 36 years, with all the kindnefs that friendflrip and refpeH could '. In the third year of James J, an a6f of Parliament was ob— taiueci, whereby the City was envpow^ered to bring water from the fprings of Chadweil a:-id AmweU j but the' city not attempting it, the arduous undertaking was begun by Mr. Hugh Middleton, ci- tizen and goldl’mith, who, in the coiirle of the work, luet with great difhculties and other obhru6fions, and when he had fur- nvounted theft, and brought the water into the neighbourhood of Hnfield, was fo impoverifhtd by the expence, that he was- obliged to apply to the city to afTilf him. On their refufa’, he applied whh more fuceefs. to the King, who, in confideration of one moiety of the undtrtakir.g,. agreed to -pay half the expence. It then went on with vigour, and, cn Michaelmas day, 1613, tlie water was brought into the bafin, called the New-River- Head, at Hlingtou,, in .prefence of Mr. Middleton's brother, Sir Thomas- Middkton, Loid Mayor Eie6f, and Sir John Swinnerton, Lord Mayor, attended by many of the Aldermen, See. w'hen about fixty labourers wit ii green caps, carrying fpades, S:c. preceded by drums and trumpets, marched thrice round the bafm, and (lopping before the Lord Mayor, &c. feattd upon an eminence, one ot them fpoke tome verfes in prai-fe of this great undertaking 3 and then, the liuices being opened, the dream rudied into the bafin, under the found- o-f drums and trumpets, the difeharge o( cannon, and ac- clamations- of the people.. The pmperry of this water was di- vided . into 29 (Ira.res, and the proprietoi's were incorporated by the name of the New River Company, in- s6i9>3 but though King James was. a proprietor of one half of the whole woi k, Mr. Mid- inftead ol a third divi- dend, a call being expefled, Charles I. refolv-ed to get rid oi fuch an hazardous affair ; and therefoi e propofed to Sir Hugh Middle- ton, now created a Baronet, that if he would fecure to him and' his fuceeffors, a clear annual rent of 500I. out of the prohts, h.e would reconvey to him all his right in the New River : which pro- pofal being accep'ed, the royal aioicty was reconveyed to SiiTiughy who divided it ijUo 36 (hares, to equal the (liares of the other moiety, . called the Adventurei's, now divided into 36 fnares alio 3 and he not only burtliened them with the faid rent of 500!. but hkev\ife iubjecied two of the Adventurei's’ (hares to the payment of it. From this time there were 72 (hares, one half of which are vaik'd the Advent urers’, the other the King’s. The f-roprletors- ol the form r, as above-mentioned, being originally 29 in num- ber, the govermne t of the cerr-pany was lodged in their hands, j NEW RIVER. 163 and, by this preclufion of the holders of the King’s (hares from the government, their (hares, exclufive of being fiibje6\; to the faid annuity, are not quite fo valuable as thofe of the Adventurers’* This corporation conhlls of a Governor, Deputy Governor, Trea- furer, ^6 Dire61ors 5 a Clerk and his Afiiilant ; a Surveyor and his Deputy 5 14 Colie6fors, who, after dtdu6fing five per cent, for collc6ling the rents, pay the money every Tuefday to the Trea- furer j 14 Walkfmen, who have their feveral walks.along the river, to prevent the throwing of filth into the fame 5 16 Turncocks 5 12 Paviers ; 20 Pipe- borers, &c. By an exa6l meafiirement of this river, it appears to be 38I: miles and 16 poles long. It has 43 fluices and 215 bridges ; over and under it, a great number of brooks and water courfes have their paflage j and as, in fome places, it is carried over vales, in others it forces its way through ilibterraneous paflages, and arriving at the bafn, near Iflington, it is ingulfed by 58 main pipes of a bore of feven inches ; by which it is conveyed into all parts of the metrop>olis, to the great convenience of the inhabitants, who, by leaden pipes, of a half inch bore, have the vrater brought into their houfes, to the amount of near 40,000. The fliares, in confequence, are of confiderable^. value. By means alfo of one water and two fieam engines, the water is raifed to a higher level, and fuppiies the inhabitants of Penton- ville, Tottenham Court Road, and great part of Marybone and its vicinity. We cannot better conclude our account of the New River, than in the words of its own poet, Scott i — — From Chadwell’s pool To London’s plains, the Cambrian artift brought His ample aqueducf 5 fuppos’d a work Of matchlefs fkill, by thofe who ne’er had heard How, from Prenede’s heights and Anios banks,^ By Tivoii, to Rome's imperial walls, On marble arches came the limped liore. And out of jaiper rocks in bright cafcades With never- ceafmg murmur gudied 3 or how. To Lufitanian Ulyfippo’s towers-* The filver current o’er Aicant’ra’s vale Roil’d high in air, as ancient poets feign’d Er id anus to roll thro’ heaven 5 to thefe Not iordkl lucre, but the honed wiQi Of future fame, or care for public weal, Exidence gave : and uncpndn’d, as dew Falls from the hand of evening on the fields. They (low’d for ail. Our mercenary dream, No graiivleur boading, here obfeureiy glides O'er graffy lav./ns or willow (liades. As through the human form, arterial tubes ♦ The ancient name of Lilbon, Branch’d NON 164 Branch'd every way, minute and more minute, The circulating fanguine fluid extend ; So, pipes innumerable to peopled ftreets Tran im it the purchafed wave. Old Lea, meanwhile. Beneath his mofly grot o’erhung with hows Of poplar, quivering in the breeze, furveys With eye indignant his diminiOied tide That leaves yon ancient priory’s wall, and fhows In iis clear mirror Ware’s inverted roofs. The furveyor, Robert Mylne, Elq. refldes at the New River Head 5 but the bufinefs of the company is tranfi\61ed at a handfome houfe in Dorfet Street, Salifbury Square. NONSUCH, the name of a magnificent palace begun by Henry VIII, in a village called Codinton, or Cudington, which no longer exifls, but which was then contiguous to the parifn of Cheam, near Epfoni. It obtained its name from its unparalleled beauty. Hentzner fays, that “ it was choien for his pleafure and retire- ment, and built with an excels of magnificence. One would ima- gine very thing that archite61ure can perform to have been em- ployed in this one work ; there are every where fo many ftatues that feem to breathe, lb many miracles of confummate art, fo many caffs that rival even the perfeblion of Roman antiquity, that it may well claim its name of Nonfuch. It is fo e'-compafled with parks full of deer, delightful gardens, groves ornamented with treilis-work, cabinets of verdure, and walks fo embrowned by trees, that it feems to be a place pitched upon by Pleafuie herfelf to dwell along with Health. In the pleafure and artificial gardens are many columns and pyramids of marble, two foun- tains that fpoiit water one round the other, like a‘ pyramid, upon which are perched fmali birds that flream water out oi their bills. In the grove of Diana is a very agreeable fountain, with Abteon turned into a flag, as he was Iprinkled by the goddefs and her nymphs, with infci iptiens ; and there is another pyramid of mar- ble full of concealed pipes, which fpirt upon all who come within their reach.” Such were the palace and gardens when Heiuzner wrote ; and on this defeription, Mr. Walpole has made the fol- lowing obfervations : ‘‘ VVe are apt to think, that Sir William Temple and King William were, in a manner, the introducers of gardening into England ; hut, by the defeription of Lord Bur- leigh’s gardens at Lheobalds, and of thofe at Nonfuch, we find that the magnificent, though Life tade, was knowai here as early as the reigns or Henry VIII. and his daughter. There is fcarce an unnatural and fumptuous impropriety at Verfailies, which we do not find in Hentzner’s defeription of thefe gardens.” Henry only began the palace of Noniuch 5 but Henry Earl of Arundel, “ for the love and honour he bare to his olde maifler,” purchafed it of Clneeii Mary, and completely flnifhtd it, according to the inten- tions of the royal founder, lie kit this houfe to his poflerity 5 NONSUCH. t6.9 but Lord Liimiey, who had married his daughters reconveyed it to the crown in 1591. It afterward became a favourite reiidence of Elizabeth, and it was here that the Earl of EfTex firft experi- pericncv d her difpleafure. It was fettled upon Anne, Qiaeen of James I, and, in the following reign, upon Queen Henrietta Maria. Charles II. g;ranted it to the Duchefs of Cleveland, who pulled down the houfe, fold the materials, and difparked the landa Her grandion, Charles Duke of Grafton, fold tlie eltate, in 1730, to Jofeph Thompfon, Ei’q^ uncle to the prefent proprietor, the Rev, Jofeph Wha ely, who has a neat villa at tome diitance from the fite of the old palace. See Durd ns. NOKBURY PARK, in the parifh ©f Mickleham, near Lether- head. is the feat of William Lock, Ei'q. This etfate was many J^ears pofieffed by the ancient fanniy of Stydolte, a name very con- fiderahle in this and the aiijolning counties ever fince the Conqueif, (In an old regider, from 154.9 to is a very curious- Heence granted 1632 by Mofes Wall, fsaribn of Mickleham, upon Te cer- tiHrate of Lawrence Wright, M, D. to the worfhipful Lady Fran- ces Stydolfe, to eat fledi during Lent, and on dl fifh days, on ac- count of her ill health, fhe paying all dues for this indulgence. The next year the whole family were t^ken ill, and had the lame licence on the fame conditions-.) This ai cient family declining in a female, the Tryons came into pofUflion : fiom tiiem it pafi'ed to Mr. Chapman, of whom the prefent proprietor piirchafed the effate, with ail its maneriel appendages. The old manfion noufe flood on the lower fide of the pirk, near the road 5 but beingmuch decayed and ruinous, Mr. Lock pulled down the greated part of it, revi v- ing the north end for his farm, and ere6Ied, upon a well chosen* eminence on the oppofite fide of the park, one of s the mod elegant and beautiful feats in the county. From the church-yard, the rif- ' ing dopes of Norbury Park, beautifully variegated with dateiy trees, appear to the greated advantage: the park itfelf is very ex- • tenfive and well ciiverfided : it is alTerted that, when Sir Richard Stydeife, was owner, it was famed for containing 40,000 walnut trees. The extent and richnefs of profpedl from the houfe fill the be- holder with admiration. To the north a large expanfe of country difplays a varied and magnificent feene. The fouth prefents a pl6hne equally ftriking : elegant villas and plantations on each dde^ Deepden, late the Duke of Norfolk’s, but now belonging to Lady Bin rell, raajedically doling the view. The hanging hills, adorned with dateiy beech on the right, contraft with the fine downs covered with evergveens, and the chalky crags of Box hill, on the left. Beneath is a fertile vale through which the river Mole filently piirfiies its courle, and then links imperceptibly from the fight. The banks of Arno cannot excel this Icene. Mr. Lock’s faloon unites this grand amphitheatre of nature with the mod excellent produdion of the late Barrett’s inimitable pencil: an attempt un-- precedented. The magnificent feenery with which he has embel-' Idhed N O K j66 lifhed the walls being aitfully managed to appear as a ccntinuatioii of the view, introducing in the wehern compai tment an afiemblage of the lakes and moiimains in Cumberland and VVcftmortland, blended together, to form a landicape expreflive of the moft ma- jedic idea of rural grandeur. The rude crags and diifant fummit of Skiddaw, are contraded with the placid ineer below, which feems genially heated by the warm rays of a fummer’s fetting fun, rendered more brilliant by the tints of a retiring dorm, fhadowing the mountain’s fide. The fecond compartment prefents a neai-er view of immenfe rocks in the dreary complexion of thofe liupen- dous deferts : the fun here fcarcely affords a ray to cheer the gloomy fceiie. The fire place forms'the third : here the ch mney glafs is fo let into the wall, that were it not for the real appearai-rce of the hearth, imaginaiion would fuggeif the entrance ot an elegant ar- bour. In the fourth compartment the fcene is continued, but with the placid effc ‘51 of evening ferenity : here the diepnerd tells his amorous tale to the attentive fair. The figures ai'c happily intro- duced. This fcene open'- to an organ, with a ffgure of St. Cec.lia, by Cipriani, who painted the landicape ffgures-- as did Gilpin the cattle. The ocean, bounded on one hand by hills and rocks, with a variety of char-ufferiftic accompaniments, complete the fifth fcene. The ceiling reprefents a coirefpondent fky, feen through a circular treiiliage, by Faftorlni; the carpet relembles a mown lawn. The whole is admirably conneffed with the view from the windows, and adapted to convey a claffical idea of a perfe6l land. fcape.-^Tlie water to fupply the houfe is raifed by an engine, from a depth of 361 feet. — At Norbury many Roman coins have been found, MORTHEND, a village in the parifli of Fulham, between Ham- merimith and Parfon’s Green. Here is Browne’s Houfe, thehand- fome villa of the Dowager Lady Heathcote, the gardens of which are finely difpofed. NORTHFLEET, a village in Kent, zi miles from London, The church is uncommonly large j and, on the north wall, is a beautiful alabaffer monumet^t to the memory of Dr. Edwaid Browne, who refided at Ingrefs. He was phyfician to Charles II. and eminent for his fkill in natural hiffory, as appears from his Travels, publifhed in 1685. The fteeple commands a beautifully divejfified piofpe^f. Valf quamities of lime are buint here. The grounds having been cut away, in different dire( 5 lions, for this pur- pofe, a fcene is exhibited perfe6f)y romantic- Extraneous foffils have alfo been dug up. But the circumitance moff worthy ot obier- vation is, that in the flint ftones (of which there are frequent ffrata, and which are wrought up into flints for guns) complete cockle- fnelis filled with chalk are found, and fbmetimes of fo large a iize, as to be eifeemed a great curiofity, NORWOOD, a village in Surry, fcattered round a large wild common, five miles from London, in the pariflies of Croydon, Sti\atham, Lambeth, and Camberwell. It bears no marks of its vicinity OAT ibT vicinity to the capital j andthofe who love an occafional contempla- tion of unimproved nature, v%dli find great fatisfa^lion in a viht to tins place. It was, foine years ago, a principal haunt of the giphes. NORWOOD, a village of Middlefex, ii miles from London, between the roads to Uxbridge and Hoiindow. Dorman 's Well, near Southall, in this parifh (formerly the feat of Lord Dacre, and defcnhed by Norden, as furrounded by a park and pale) is now the propatyot George Merick Ayfcous.h, Efq. The little chapel of Norwood is only an appendage to Hayes, O /^AKS, the villa of the Earl of Derby, on Banded Downs, was built by a ibclety of gervlemen, called the Hun'ers' Club, to Vv'hom the land was leafed, by Mr. Lambert. Mr, Sunmons was the fii'lt occupier of the hoiiie, which was intended as a place 0 \ fef. tivity in the luinting i'eai'bn. Sir Thomas Colling aherward occu- pied it for a llioi t time. Genera] Burgoyne then purchafed the ieafe, and built a dining room 42 feet by 21, with an arched roof, elegantly hnifned j 28 fmall cafed pillars of fine workmanfnip. and a concave mirror at each end. The dining tvible is of plain deal boards, in conformity to the Ifyle of a hunting feat. The red hall entrance is fin dl, but elegant : it contains two landfcapes and a few other pi6Uires. The drawing room, on the hril: floor, is an o6lagon, ornamented witti a variety of fmali pi6fi)i'es. It com- maiids a proi'peH of Norwood, Shooter’s Hill, many cluirches in Lon- don and its environs, Hampftead. Hitjhgate, &c. Lord Derby having acquired a fee fimple in the effate, added, at the wed end, a large bnek bui'ding, vvith four towers--^ each Cvirner j and there is a fimiiar erc^Lon at the e dt end, which renders the Iiru6iure uni- form, and gives it an elegant Gothic app?arance. In the pleafure grounds ai ea number of ancient beeches. In one tree, in particu- lar, it IS faid, there is a fpring j becaufe It always contains water, although the well at the houle is 300 feet deep. Lord Derby, who is remaikahle for his liofpitaiity to the gentlemen hunt rs, can ac- commodate his gueils v/ith upward of fifty bed chambers. OAFLANDS, adjoining t- > Weybi idge, m burry, the feat of the Duke of York, who pinchafed it ot the Duke of Newcaille. The park is four miles round. Tlte houfe is htuated about the midd e of the terrace, whole majeftic grandeur, and the beautiful hndlcapes it commands, cannot be ddcribed by words. The Ibr- pentiuc river, when fee 0 from the terrace, though aj tificial, appears as beaijtitiil as it it v/tre natural ; and a Hranger, w'ho did not know the place, would conclude it to be the Thames ; in which opinion he would be confirm. d by the view of Waiion Bridge over that river, which, by a happy contr vance, is made to look like a bridge over the ferpentine river, and gives a pleaimg finifii to this delight- ful pi ol'pe6t. The grotto,, which is uncommonly beaufifuJ and ro- mantic. O R P 168 .mantic, was conflm^^ed and finiTned by three perfons, a father anc ,his two fgns, and is reported to have coft near 12,000!. Agate ere( 5 led from adefign ot Inigo Jones, has been removed a fmall dif- ta nee from its original firiiation, and repaired, with the addition o ail infeription. by the Duke of NewcalHe. OCKHAM, four miles from-Woking, where Lord King has t fear and park. The churdi ftands aimoft oppofite to the houfe 5 and in the church-yard is a (lone over the grave of John Spong, a car* ptnter, on which is this punning epitaph : Who many a durdy oak had laid along, Feird by Death's furer hatchet, here lies Sponge Pods oft he n.ade, yet ne'er a place could get 5 And liv'd by railing, thougli he was no wit j ' *Old faw’s he had, although no antiquarian^^ And ifyles corre6fed, yet was no grammarian. OLDFORD, in the par iih of Stratford Bow, and on the river Lea; over which, in tliis place, paiFd a Roman military way. Here u an ancient gateway, hill tntiie, fuppoCed to be the remains of s royal palace, vulgarly called King John's palace. ONGAR, the name of two adjoining pariflies in ElTex, called Chipping Ongar and High Ongar. Chipping Ongar is a market town, 21 miles from London, iuppoi'ed to have been a Roman da- tion, becaufe the church has many Roman bricks in the walls. It was the manor of Richard Lacy, who, being pr; te6for of England, while Henry il. was in Normandy, built the church. He alio built a c.dtic , which was ficuated on the top of an artificial mount, .and furrounded by a large moat; but this caftle gro'.'ing ruinoiis, was taken down in the reign of Qu^een Elizabeth, and a brick Hruc- ture ere6fed on its fite. This v/as demohfhed in 1745, by Edward Alexander, Efq. who ereCted, in dead of it, a handlbme lummer- houfe, furrounded by a moat, and afeended by a (teep winding walk, arched over, the greateft part of the w'ay, by tiees and fhiubs. From the embattled top is a beautiful prOi’pe6l. Neai Ongar is the fear of John Wriglu, Efq. and Mylefs, the fe.'.t o; the late John Luther, Efq. who ;eft it to FianclsFane, Efq. It ie no'w in the occupruion of Duncan Davidfon, Ei'q. See Kel^edot Hall and Gree?ijled Hall, ORPINGTON, a village in Kent, on the river Cray, betweer Toots Cray and Farnborough. Henry VIII. granted the manor t( 'Sir Percivai Hart, who built a feat here, in which be magniflcentl) entertained Queen Elizabeth, July 2z, 157^ > who on her receptmr here, received,” fays Philipot (Hili. oi Kent, p. 259) “ tliedrf cartil'es of a rymph who perfonated the eenius of the houfe: ther the fccne v/as (bitted, and, from feveral chambers, which, as the) , were contrived, reprefented a (hip, a fea confliH was oti'ered up tc the pcdlaiors’ view, which fo much obliged the eyes of this Pi incef with the charms of delight, that, upon her departure, die left iipcr this houfe (to commemorate the memory both of the author and th,< artifice] OSTERLEY PARK. I 8() artifice) the name and appellation of Bank Heart,'*'* By which it is dill called. It belongs to Sir John Dixon Dyke, Bart. OSTERLEY PARK, in the parifli of Helton, the feat of the late Robert Child, El’q. nine miles from London. It belonged to the convent of Sion, on the I’upprdlion of which it was granted to Henry Marquis of Exeter j and, reverting to the crown on his at» tairuier, Edward Vi. granted it to the Duke of Somerfet. Being again forfeited by his attainder, it was granted, in 1557* to AiiguE tine Tiiaier. Between this period and 1570, it came into the pof- feflion of Sir Thomas Grelham, by whom a noble edifice was ereded. Here this great merchant magnificently entertained Q^een Eliza- beth*. This manlion afterward pafied into feveral hands, and w-as the feat of Sir William Waller, the celebrated Parliamentary Ge- neral. In the beginning of this century, it was pqrchafed by Sir Francis Child. We enter the park by a on each fide of which is a hand- fome lodge. The park, finely wooded, is fix miles in circumfer- ence. The hoiife (the Iheli of which was completely rebuilt by Trancis Child, Efq. in 1760) is a magnificent Ihu^fure, extending 140 feet from E. to W. and 117 fom N. to S, At each angle is a turret j and to the eafi front is a fine portico of the Ionic order, which is afeended by a grand flight of Ifeps, and profufely adorned by antiques, &c. The apartments are fpacious, and are magnifi- cently fitted up with the richeif hangings of filk, velvet, and gobelin tapelfry, elegantly fculptured marbles, highly enriched entablatures of moiaic work, &C., The decorations of the apartments difplay the great talents of the late Mr. Robert Adam, ihe arebiteft, and of Signior Zucchl, the painter; and they were all fitted up by the late Robert Child, Efq. who fucceeded his brother Francis in 1763. From the lodges at the entrance of the park, we defeend .a fpa- cious road, between two fine Iheets of water, which being on dif» ferent levels, may be termed the upper and lower. The firft is oppofite the ead front, and in view of the houfeo Though not * Of this vifit the following anecdote is recorded, in Mr, Ni- chols’ Progreffes of that (^een : “ Her Majeiiy found fault with the court of this houfe, affirming it would appear more handfome, Gf divided with a court in the middle. What does Sir ThomaSs but in the night time fends for workmen to London, who fo fpee- diiy and filently apply their bufinefs, that the next morning dilco- vered the court double, which the night had left fingle before. It is queftionable whether the Q^een, next day, was more contented with the conformity to her fancy, or moie pleaied with the furprife and fudden performance thereof. Her courtiers difported them- felves with their feveral expreffions ; fome avowing it was no wonder he could fo foon change a building, who could build a change; others, refle6Ung on fome known differences in the Knight's- family^ affirmed, that a houfe is eafier divided and united.” 0^ large. 570 PAD large, it gives beauty and variety to this part of the park. Thi lower water is of much greater extent, and partly inclofed woods, through which it makes a noble fweep. On the nortf fhore of this lake, is a menagerie, containing a fine colleifior of exotic birds. Here the lake bends to the N. W, and, at fom( diftance, has a bridge of Ifone; beyond this it begins to contra6f; and is foon loft to the eye. Mr. Child’s only daughter having married the Earl of Weft- moreland, he left this dlate to the fecond fon of that nobleman, or in default of a fecond fon, to any daughter who fliould firft attair the age of 21 ; and. In either cafe, the faid fon or daughter tc afi'ume the name of Child. In conlequence of this, the edate is now veiled in the hands of Robert Dent, El'q. and others, in trufl i’or Lady Sarah Child, the only daughter of the late Countefs. OXFORD, a village, three miles N. of Sevenoaks, where Offa, King of Mercia, defeated Lothaire, King of Kent. Offa, the treacherous murderer of Etheibert, to atone for the blood he had ihed in this battle, gave Otford to Chrilf Church, Canterbury, in fafciia for corum (a« the deed fays) for pajiure for the Archbijhop' s hogs. Such were the a8s of piety, ib much elhemed in that lu- perllitious age, that Malmtibury, one of the bell of the old Eng- lifli hiftorians, declares himfelf at a lois to determine, whether the merits or crimes of this prince preponderated. Otford continued in the fee of Canterbury, till exchanged with Henry Vlil. for ©ther lands. OXTERSHAW, the feat, with a fine park and gardens, of James Bine, Efq. four miles fouth-weii of Clieitfey. OXHEY PLACE, iu Hertfordfliirey the feat of the Hon. Wil- liam Bucknall, three miles fouth of Watford. P. “pADDINGTON, a village N. W. of London. The church, ^ a beautiful ftrublure, ereCed in 1790, near the fue of the old church, is feated on an eminence, finely embofomed among vene- rable elms. Its figure is compofed of a fqnaje about 50 feet. The centres on each fide of the fquare are prbje'bf ing paralieiograms, which give recedes for an altar, a vedry, and two Ifaircafes, The roof terminates with a cupola and vane, and the whole does the higheft credit to the tafte and Ikiil of the archite 61 , Mr. John Flaw. Although Paddington is now contiguous to the metropolis, there are many rural fpots in the pai ifh, which appear as retired as if at a didance of many miles. Fiom this place a canal is making, which is to join the Grand Jurblion Canal at or near Hayes. Little Shaftefbuiy Houfe, in this parilh (near Kenfington Gravel Pits) is the feat of Ambr. fe Gcdirey, Elq. and is faid to have been built by the Earl of Shafifbury, author of the Chara^feridics, or by his grandfather, the Lord Chancellor. See Eayf^ater, "Ty- hurn^ and Wejibourn Place. PAINe’s-HILL. 171 PAINE’S HILL, the elegant feat and celebrated gardens of the late Benjamin Bond Hopkins, Elq. 20 miles from London, near the village of Cobham, but in the parifli of Walton upon Tharnes, The gardens are formed on the Verge of a moor, which rifes above a fertile plain watered by the river Mole. Large vallles, defeend- ing in ditferent dire6fions toward the river, break , the brow into feparate eminences j and the gardens are extended along the edge, in a femicircular form, between the winding river which deferihes their outward boundary, and the park which fills up the cavity of the crcfcent. The moor lies behind the place, and lometimes ap- pears too confpicuoufly 5 but the views on the other Tides, into the cultivated country, are agreeable, Paine’s Hill, however, is little benefited by external circumltances ; bur the feenes, within it (elf, are grand and beautiful; and the difpofition of the gardens affords frequent opportunities of feeing the feveral parts, the one from the I other, acrols the park, in a variety of advantageous fituations, j The hv life ftands on a hill, in the centre of the crel’cent. The I views are charming, and in the adjacent thicket is a parterre, and ! an orangery, where the exotic plants are inteimixed, during the ! fummer, with common fhrubs, and a conffant fucceffion of flowers, i The hill is divided from another much larger by a final] valley; I and, from a feat placed on the top of the fccond eminence, a I'cene I totally different appears. The general profpe£f, though be;uiUtui, i is the leafi engaging circumfiance ; the attention is immediately at- I trailed from the cultivated plain to the point of a hanging wood at I a diftance, but (fill within the place. Oppofite to the hill thus i covered is another in the country, of a fimliar fliape, but bare and I barren; and beyond the opening between them, the moor, falling I back into a wide concave, clofes the interval. Had all thele heights I belonged to the fame proprietor, and been planted in the fame manner, they would have cornpofed as great, as romantic a feene, as any of thofe we rarely fee, but always behold with admiration, which are the work of nature alone, matured by the growth of ages* But Paine’s Hill is all a new creation ; and a bolc^nefs of defign, and a happlnefs of execution, attend the wonderful efforts which art has there made made to rival nature. Another point of the fame eminence exhibits a landfcape, difiinguiflied from the laft in every particular, except in the sera of its exigence: it is entirely Vv^itbiu the place, and commanded from an open Gothic building, on the very edge of a high fieep, which rifes immediately above an arti- ficial lake in the bottom. The whole of this lake is never feen at once ; but by its form, by the difpofidon of fome Ifiands, and by the trees in them and on the banks, it always feems to be larger than it is. On the left are continued plantations, to exclude the country; on the right, all the p.uk opens ; and, in front, beyond the wate>, is the hanging wood, the point of which appeared be- fore; but here it ftretches quite acrofs the view, and difplays ail iu extent and varieties. A river, iffuing from the lake, pafies under a bridge of five arches near the outlet, dire6ls its couri'e ro- Q z ward 172 1-aine’s-hill. ward rhe wood, and flows underneath it. On the flde of the' hill is couched a low hermitage, encompaffed with thickets, and over- hung with fnade 5 and, far to the right, on the utmofl fummit, rifes a lofty tower, eminent above all the trees. About the heimi- tage, the clofefl covert and darkeft greens fpread their gloom ; in other places the tints are mixed 5 and in one a little glimmering light marks an operdng in tlie wood, and divei lihes its uniformity, without diminifhing its greatnefs, Througliout the illuftrious ictne confiftency is preferved in the midfl of variety 5 all tlie parts unite eafily % the plantations in the bottom join to the wood which hangs on tliehill; tlioi'e on the upper grounds of the park break into grovps, which afterward divide into clumps, and in the end taper into Tingle trees. The ground is very various j but it points from ail Tides toward the lake, and, flackening its deTcent as it ap- proaches, Hides, at laft, gently into the water. The groves and lawns on the declivities are elegant and rich j the expanTe of the lake, enlivened by plantations on the banks, and the reflc6Hon of the bridge on the Tuiface, animate tlte iandfeape j while the extent and height or rhe hanging wood give an air of grandeur to the vvlxole. An cafy wdnding defccnt leads from the Gothic building to the lake, anc! a broad walk is afterward continued along the banks, and acroTs an ifland, clofe to the water on one hand, and fkirted by v.'ood on the other. The fpot is perfe6fly retired, but the retire- ment: is cheerful j the lake is cairn, but it is full to the brim, and Bever darkened with fltadow; the walk is fmooth and almoft levels and touches the very margin of the water ; the wood, which fe- cludes all view into the country, is compofed of the moft elegant trees, full of the lighted greens, and bordered with fiuu' s and flowers j and though the place is almofl furrounded with planta- tions., yet within itfelf it is open and airy. It is emheilifhcd with three bi'idges, a ruined arch, and a grotto 5 and the Gothic build- ing, ftill very near, and impending dire6Ily over the lake, belongs to the place j but thefe obje6ls are nevtr vifible all together j they appear in fbcceflion as the walk proceeds ; and their number does not crowd the feene, which is enriched by their frequency. The tranfition is very fudden, almoft immediate, from this po- liflied flaot, to another of the mod uncultivated natui e ; not dreary, not romantic, but rude : it is a wood, which overfpreads a large tra6I of very uneven ground. The glades through it are fome- times clofed on both iides with thick'crs ; at other times they are only cut through the fern in the openings ; and even the larches and firs, which are mixed wiih beech on the lide of the princ pal glade, are left in fuch a date of apparent negle6f-, that they feem to be the producl of the wild, not decorations of the walk. This is the hanging wood, which before was fo noble an obje6I, and is now fuch a didant retiaat. Near the tower it is thin, but about the hermitage it is thickenei with trees of the dark> ft greens. A narrow gloomy path, overhung with Scotch and fpruce firs, leads to PAINeVhILL, 173 the cell, compofed of logs and roots. The defign is as /imple as the materials, and the furniture within old and uncouth. All the circumftances which belong to the character are retained in the utmoft purity, but in the approach and entrance 5 in the fecond room they are fuddenly changed for a view of the gardens and the country, which is rich with every appearance of iiibabitants and cultivation. From the tower, on the top of the hill, is another profpe6V, much more extenfive, but not more beautiful : the ob- je61s are not fo well felebled, nor feen to fo great advantage ; fome of them are too di if ant 5 fome too much below the eye.* and large portion ®f the heath intervenes, which cads a cloud over the view. Not far from the tower is a feene poliflied to the bigheif degree of improvement, in which (lands a large Doric building, called the Temple of Bacchus, with a fine portico in th^ ironr, a rich alto- relievo in the pediment, an i on each fide a range of pilafters j within, it is decorated with many antique buffs, and a beautiful antique coloflal ffatue of the god in the centre : the room has no- thing of that folemnity which is often affebfedly aferibed to the chara6fer, but, without being gaudy, is full of light, ornament, and fplendour. The fituation is on a brow, which commands an agreeable profpebl ; but the top of the hill is almod a hat, diver- fified, however,' by feveral thickets, and broad walks winding be- tween tlietn. Thefe walks run into each other fo frequently, their relation is>lb apparent, that the idea of the v/hole is never lolt in the divifions ; and the parts are, like the whole, large. They agree a!fo in ffyie i the interruptions, therefore, never deltroy the appearance of extent^ they only change the boundaries, and mu U tipiy the figures. To the grandeur which the fpot receives from fuch dimenlions, is added all the richnefs of which plantations are capable; the thickets are of flowering (hrubs ; and the openings embeilifhed witli little airy groups of the moft elegant trees, fkirt- ing or crofTing the glades ; but nothing is minute or unworthy of the environs of the temple. The gardens end here : this is one of the extremities of the crefeent, and hence, to the houfe in the other extremity, is an open walk through the park. In the way, a tent is pitched, upon a fine fwell, juff above the water, which is ken to greater advan- tage from this point than from any other. Its broadelf expanfe is at the foot of the hill ; from that it Ipseads in feveral direblions, fometimes under the plantations, fometimes into the mid it of them, and at other times winding behind them. The principal bridge of five arches is juit below. At a diilance, deep in th^ wood, is another, a fingle arch, thrown over a ftream winch is lofl a little beyvind it. The pofirion of the latter is directly athwart that of the former ; the eye paffes along the one an . under Uie other ; and the greater is of (lone, the fmaller of wood. No t ' o obje<5fs bearing tne fame name can be more different in figure a id xiCu^tion. The banks aifo of the lake are infinitely diverfined ; 0^3 they 1 74 PANCRAS. they are open In one place, and in another covered with plantations, which fometimes come down to the brink of the water, and fome- times leave room for a walk. The glades are either conducted along the Tides, or open into the thickeft of the wood 5 and now and then they Teem to turn round it toward the country, which ap- pears in the offskip, riling above this piflurefque and various fcene, through a wide opening between the hanging wood on one band, and the eminence crowned with the Gothic tower on the other. This place is to be Teen only on Mondays, Wednefdays, and Fridays. The hoiife was built by Mr. Hopkins, but the en- chanting Tcenes we have been delcribing were created by Mr, Charles Hamilton. The premifes, which confifi of 9R acres and tiiree roods, are fituated in the p.riflies of Cobham, Walton, and Wifley. They were veiled, by the laft will of Mr. Hopkins, in truft, in Geoi’ge Chamberlaine, Efq. George Bond, Efq. and Sir Samuel Hayes, - Bart, by whom the whole, under certain proviTiens, was to be fold. This eilate, however, cu-nlifting pu tly of freehold land, and partly of detached parcels iield by leafe under the crown, and the b;ounda- ries of which could not be afcertained, the truftees obtained an of parliament in 17955 to enable his Majeity to grant to them all the laid parcels of leafehold ground in fee. PANCRAS, an extenfive parilh of Middlefex, Tituate N. of London, one mile from Holborn Bars. It not only includes cne third of the hamlet of Highgate, but the hamlets of Kcntifli-town, Battle-bridge, Camden -town, and Somers- town, as v./ell as all Tottenham court Road, and all the ftreets to the weft, as far as Cleveland -llreet and Rathbone phsce. The church and church- yard, dedicated to St, Pancras, have been long noted as the burial place for fuch Roman Catholics as die in London and its vicinity j almoft everv ftone exhibiting a ciofs, and the initials R. I. P. ( Re- quiefcat in Race — May he reft in peace) wliich initials are always ufed by the Catholics on their Tepulchral monuments. I liave beard it afligned,” fays Mr. Lylbns, by fome rerfons of that perfualion, as a reafon for this preference to Pancras as a burial- place, that before the late convullions in that country, maffes were laid in a church in the fouth of France, dedicated to the fame Saint, for the fouls of the deceafed interred at St. Pancras in Eng- land.'’ The churchyard was enlarged in 1793, addition of a large piece of ground to the fouth-caft. In this parifh are like- v/ife leveral chapels of eafe, and the cemeteries belonging to the parifhes of St, James, Weftminfter 5 St. Andrew's, Holborn j St. George the Martyr; and Sr. George, Bloomlbury. The Found- ling Hofpital, at the end of Lamb’s Conduit- ft reet, is in this pa- rifti ; in which alfo is the Hofpital for Inoculation, to which a building was added, in 1795, for the Hofpital for the reception of patients with the natural fmail-pox, then removed from the fite in Cold -bath Fields, In Gray’sTnn Lane, is the WeHh Chanty School, FIN 175 School, built in 1771. In a houfe, near the church-yard, Is a mi- neral fpring, formerly called Pancras Wells, in great efteem fome years ago 5 and near Pattlebridge is another called St. Chad s* Se 0 Hi^hgate. Kenwood, Kentijh-tc^n^ and Veterinary College* PARK FAi e faid to have brought him hither after he had been murdered near Somenet Houfe. But Mr. Hume, while he confiders this tragical affair as not to be iiCCv.unted for, choofes to fuipe< 51 , however unreafonable, conftdering Sir Edmund’s u T 17 7 Ediiiiimi’s clrira 61 er, that that magiiirate had murdered himfelfi Hume Fol Fill. p. 77 • PROSPECT PLACE, the villa of James Meyrick, Efq. on an emiiience, ill the road from Wimbledon toKingiton. The grounds are well laid out, and commands a l ich view. PURFLEE F, in Effcx, 19 miles horn London, on the Thames, has a public magazine for gunpowder, which is depofited in de- tached buildings, that arc all bomb- proof j fo that, in cafe an ac- cident lliould happen to one, it would not afFc6b the others. Each= of thefe buildings has a condu 61 or. This place has alfo fome ex » ten five lime- works. PURLEY, in the pariHi of Sanderfted, two miles beyond Croy- don, lately the delightful refidence of John Home Tooke, Ei'q. whence an ingenious philological work, by that gentleman, derived the fingular title of “ The Diverfions of Purley.'’’' This houfe was the feat of BradHiaw, prefident of the court at the trial of Kiing Charles I. a circumftance to which Mr, Tooke humoroiiily alludes in his introdu6lion to the above mentioned work. It is now occupied by the Rev. Mr. Johnfon from Bengal. PUTNEY, a village m Surry, on the Thames, five miles from London, the birth place of the unfortunate Thomas Cromwed, Earl of EU'ex, whole father was a blackfmith here. It gave birth alfo to Nicholas Well, Bifnop of Ely, an eminent Itatefnian of the fame reign, whole father was a baker. In 164.7, quarters of the army of the Parliament were at Putney. Genera! Fairfax was then quartered at the ancient houfe of Mrs. I> Aranda. Ireton was quartered in a houfe which is now a fchool beionging to the Rev. Mr. Adams. An obe’ifk was ere6>ed, in 1786, on Putney Common, on the fide of which, toward the road, is an in- fcription, importing, that it was ere6fed no years after the fire of London, on the anniverfary of that dreadful event, in memory of an invention for fecuring buildings againft fire ; an infcnption to- ward Putney records a refolution of the Houfe of Commons, in 1774, granting 2500!. to David Hartley, Efq. for this invention j on the fide toward London, is a reloliUton of a Court of Common Council, granting the freedom of the city to Mr. Hartley, in cpn- fideration of the advantages likely to accme to the public, from this invention 5 and, on the fide toward Kenfington, is their refolu- tion, ordering this obelilk to be cre6led. Near it, is a houfe three ffories high, and » wo rooms on a door, built by Mr. Hartley, with fire plates between the ceilings and floors, in order to try his expe- riments, of which no lefs than fix were made in this hoiii'e, in 1776; one, in particular, when th ir Majefties, and lome of the Royal Family, were iti a room over the ground floor, while the room undsT tliem was Ivirioufly burning. On Putney Common, in the road to Roehampton, are the agree- able villas of Lady Annabeila Polw'arth, Lady Grantham,, the Right Hon. Thomas Steele, Andrew Berkley Drummond, Efq. Beiil>y Thoinfon, Efq. and Mr. Churcho On the fide of the Thames^ 178 K A K Thames, is Copt Hill, the late refidence of the Countefs Dowager of Lincoln, - and a hoiife the property of Simeon Warner, Efq* Between the roads which lead to Wand fworth and Wimbledon, i« the late villa of Mrs. Wood, widow of the late Robert Wood, Efq. fo well known to the public as a fcientific and a ciaf- fieal traveller. The farm and pleafure grounds, which adjoin the houfe, are very fpacioiis, and command a beautiful profpe^f of London and the adjacent country. Mr. Wood purchafed it of the executors of Edward Gibbon, Elq. whofe fon, the celebrated hilio- rian, was born there. It is now empty, and is to be fold. In Putney Lane (leading to Putney Common) are the villas of God- fchail Johnfon, Efq. Lady Barker, Waiter Boyd, Efq. and Sir John Earner. The parifh church of Putney, which is a perpetual curacy, is fltuated by the water fide, and is very fimilarto the oppofite one at Fulham. In the road from Wandfworth to Richmond, is anew cemetery, the ground for which was given to the parifh, in 1763, by the Rev. Roger Pettiward, D. D. R T) AGMAN’s CASTLE, a pretty box on the banks of the Thames, at Twickenham, fo named from a cottage that once ilood there, built by a dealer in rags. It is fo hid by trees as hardly to be feen, and is the property of George Kardinge, Efq. RAINHAM, a village in Efi'ex, 15 miles from London, and one from the Thames, where there is a ferry to Ei ith. The road hence to Piirfleet commands an extenfive view ( t the Thames and the Marfhes, which are here uncommonly > fine, and are covered with prodigious numbers of cattle. RANELAGH, a celebrated rotundo, fituate on the Thames, on the fourh fide of Chelf a Hofpital. It is in high efteem, as weii for beauty and elegance, as for being the fafliionable p ace of relort, in the fpring and part of the fummer evenings, for the moft polite company. It is opened on Ealfer Moiiday, and continues open every Monday, Wednefday, and Friday evening, till about the beginning of July, when it is opened on Friday only j and the feafon clofes after the Prince of Wales’ birth-day. Parties that choofe to go by water will find^ convenient landin^^ place at the bottom of the garden. There are two ways for car- riages ; namely, fiom Hyde Paik Corner, and Buckingham Gate. For thofe who choofe to walk, the beif way is through St. James’s Park to Buckingham Gate, from which Ranelagh is about three quarters of a mile diftant. Tlie road is lighted ail the way. The admiflion money is 2s. 61 . which is paid to a perion attend- ing at the front of Ranelagh Houfe. Then, proceeding forward, you pafs through the dwelling- houfe, and, defeending a flight of ileps, enter the gai'den j but, in. bad weather, the company turn cn the RANELAGH. 179 the left hand, go through the hoiife, and, defcejidlng a flight of fteps, enter a matted avenue, which leads to the rotundo* Ranelagh was the feat of an Irifh Earl of that title, in whole time the gardens were extenfive. On his death theeftate was fold, and the principal part of the gardens was converted into fields | but the houfe remained unaltered. Part of the gardens was like- wife permitted to remain. Some gentlemen and builders having become purchalers of thefe, a refolution was taken to convert them into a place of entertainment. Accordingly, Mr, William Jones, architect to the Eaft India Company, drew the plan of the prefent rotundp, which is an illuftrious monument of his genius and fancy. It being confidered that the building of fuch a ftruflure with ftone would amount to an immenfe expence, the proprietors refolved to eie6l it with wood. This ftruflure was accordingly ereded in >174.0 It is a noble edifice, fomewhat refembling the Pantheon at Rome, The external diameter is 185 feet, the internal 150. The entrances are by four Doric porticos oppofite each other, and the firft ftory is rullic. Round the whole, on the outfide, is an arcade, and over it a gallery, the (fairs to which are at the porticos ; and over head is a dated covering, which proje6ls from the body of the rotundo. Over the gallery are the windows, fixty in number j and over them the dated roof. The fird; obje6f that ftrikes the fpeffator, in the infide, is what was formerly the orcheitra, but is now called the fire place, erected in the middle of the rotundo, reaching to the ceiling, and fupport- ing the roof 5 hut It being found too high to give the company the full entertainment of the mufic, the performers were removed into another crcheifra, ere6fed in the fpace of one of the porticos. The former, however, dill remains. It is a beautifui dru 61 ure, formed by four triumphal arches of the Doric order, divided from ea'ch other by proper intervals, which, with the arches, form an oclagon- The pillars are divided into two dories. The fird are painted in imitation of marble: the fecond are painted white, and flutedj and the bafe of each is lined veith looking-glafs, againd which are placed the patent lamps. The pillars are furmounted by termini of plader of Paris. The infide of the four arches is decorated with malks, mufical indruments, &c. painted in pannels, on ailcy-blue ground. The eight compartments which are made by the termini, and were formerly open, are decorated with paintmgs of niches, with vafes. Two of the compartments over the arches are orna- mented with figures painted in done colour 5 in a third, is a clocks and, in the fourth, a wind-dial. The pillars, v/hich form the four triumphal arches, are the principal fupport of the roof, which, for fize and manner of condi u6Iion, is not to be equalled in Europe, The adonifhing genius of the archite6f is here concealed from our view by the ceiling ; but it may be eafiiy conceived, that fuch a roof could not be iupported by any of the ordinary methods} and if 180 RANELAGH. if the timber-works above were, laid open, they would hrike the fpe 6 lator with amazement. The fpace on which this ftrudure ftands, is inclofed by a baliN flrade 5 and, in the centre oF it, is one of the mod cu ions contri- vances that ever the judgment of man could form. It confihs of .a fircrplace that cannot fmoke,or become offenfive. In cold weather it renders the rotundo warm and comfortable. The chimney has four faces, and by tins over each of them, which are taken off at pleafure, the'heat is increafed or diminiflted ; but the chief merit confifts in having furmounted the many difficulties, and almoll im- poffibilities, in ere<5fing and fixing this fire-place, which every ar- chite 6 I, on the fiightefi examination, will inftantly perceive. The faces arc formed by four ftone arches, and over each of them is a ifone pediment. The corners of the four faces are fupported by eight pieces of cannon, with iron fplkes driven into them, and filled up with lead. Thefe have the appearance of black marble pillars. In the fixing of thefe, for the fupport of the whole chimney, feveral ineffe 6 \ual attempts wu'e made before the pte!ent durable pofition was hit on. On the pediments, and in the fpace between each of them, are eight flower-branches of Imall glafs lamps, which, when lighted, look extremely brilliant, and have a pleafing effect. Above the pediments are four niches in wood, in each of which is a painting j and over them is a dome, which terminates this inner ftru 6 hire. The chimney, which proceeds to the top of the rotundo, is of brick. The band of mufic confills of a fele61 number cf performers, vocal and inflrurnental, accompanied by an organ. The concert begins about feven o’clock, and after finging ieveral fongs, and playing feverai pieces of mufic, at proper intervals, the entertain- ment clofes about ten. Round the rotundo are 47 boxes for the accommodation of the company, with a table and cloth Ipread in each. In thefe they are regaled, without any further expence, with tea or coffee. In each of thefe boxes is a painting of fome droll figure j and between each box liangs a large bell lamp with one candle in it. The boxes are divided from each other by wainl’coting and fquare pil- lars. The latter are in fjont, and being each of them main tim- bers, are part of the fupport ot the roof. Each pillar is cafed 5 and the front of every other pillar is oinamented, from top to bot- tom, with an oblong fquare looking- glais in a gilt frame, high aho e which is an oval looking-glais in a gilt frame ; the inter- vening pillars being each ornamented with a painting of a vafe with iowers, lurmounted by an oval iooking-glafs in a gilt t:aine: and over each box is a painted imitation of a red curtain fringed with grid. Before the droll paintings above-mentioned were put up, the backs of the boxes were all blinds that could be taken down at pleafure. But it being apprehended, that many perfons might catch cold by others indifcreetly moving them at improper times, it RANELA0H. ISl k was rcfolvcd to put up paintings, and to fix them. Theie paint- ings were made for blinds to the w'nidows at the time or the fa- mous mafqueracies ; the figures, at that diifance, looked very well, and Teemed to be the fize of real life y but now, being brought toa near to view, they look prepoderous.. At the back of each box was formerly a pair of t'oiding-doors, which opened into the gar dens, and were defigned for the conveniency of going in and com* ing out of them, without being obliged to go to the grand en- trances. Each of thefe boxes will commodioufly hold eight per- Ions. Over the boxes is a gallery, fronted with abaludrade, and pillars painted in the refemblance of marble encircled with feftoons of liowers in a fpiral form, and furmounted by termini of plaPccr of Paris. This gallery contains the like number of boxes, with a lamp in the front of each. At the diftance of 12 boxes from the orcbeflra, on the right hand, is the Prince’s box, for the reception of any of tlie Royal Family. It is hung with paper, and ornamented in the front with -th'i Prince of Wales’s creif. Round the fire-place are a nnraber of tables, and benches covered with led baizec, their backs painted with feffoons of fiow'ers on a iky -blue ground. The furface of the floor is plalfer of Paris, over which is a mat, to prevent the company from catching cold by walking u.pon The mat anfvvers another ufeful purpofe ; tor, if the company were to walk on boards, the noife made by their heels would be fo great, that it would be impoilible to hear any thing eile. The ceiling is a It one-coloured ground, on which, at proper in- tervals, are oval panneis, each of which has a painting of a beau- tiful ce'eftial figure on a iky-biue ground. Feltoons of flowers, and other ornaments, conne6f thefe oval panneis with each other, and with fome fmaller fquare panneis, on which are Arabefque or- naments in done colour, on a dark brown ground. From tlie ceil- ing defcend 28 chandeliers, in two circles .* each chandelier is or- namented with a gilt coronet, and the candles are contained in 17 bell lamps. Twenty chandeliers are in the externai circle, and eight in the internal. When all thefe lamps are lighted, it may be imagined that the fight mud be very glorious; no words can ‘cxprds its grandeur ; and then do the raaderiy difpofition of the architedf, the proportion of the parts, and the harmonious diftinc- tion of the feveral pieces, appear to the greatelf advantage 5 the mod minute part, by this effulgence, lying open to infpedlion. The propriety and artful arrangement of the feveral objecls are ex- prelSve of the intention of this edifice 5 and this, indeed, may be faid of Ranelagli, that it is one of thofe public places of enter- tainment, that for beauty, elegance, and grandeur, are not to be equalled in Europe. Formerly this rotundo was a place for public breakfafting: but that .cufloin being regarded as detrimental to focicty, by introduc- 182 R I C Ing a new fpecies of luxury, was (iippreiTed hy a6l of parliament in all places of entertainment, Ranelagh was not a place of note, till it was honoured, in the late reign, with the famous mafque- rades, which brought it into vogue; and it has ever fince retained the favour of the public. But thefe mafquerades being thought tp have a pernicious tendency, have been long difeontinued ; although that entertainment has been fometintes revived on very extraordi- nary occafions. Fireworks, of late years, have been often exhi- bited in the gardens, in a magnificent fiyle, accompanied by a re- prefentation of an eruption of Mount ^'na, ^zc, -During the leafon, the rotundo and gardens are open in the day-time, when the price of admittance is one /hilling each perfon. The gardens are ornamented with avenues of trees, a grove, canal, &c. No li- .quors are fold in the gardens, either in the day time, or in the evening. To prevent the admittance of fervants, the proprietors have ereSled a convenient amphitheatre, with good £eats, for their re- ception only : it is fituated in the coach way ieaJing to Ranel.igh -Hoiife, and at fuch a fmall diftance, that the fervants can anfwer the inftant they are called. RANMER common, a very elevated and extenfive common, one mile from Dorking, commanding feme fh>e views, in which St. PaiiTs Cathedral; VVefiminller Abbey, and Windlbr Cable, are dill;in6fly feen. REIGATE, a borougli in Surry, in the valley of Holmefclale, miles from London. It had a cable, built by the Saxons, on the eab fide of the town, fonie ruins of wdneh are bill to be leen ; particularly a long vault, with a room at tlie eiid, huge enough to hold 500 perfons ; where the Barons, who took up arms agair.ft John, are laid to have had their private meetings. Its market- hoiife was once a chapel. The neighbourhood abounds with iuller's earth and medicinal plants. On the fouth fide of the town is a large houfe formerly a priory. It belongs to Mi\ Jones, is beau* tified with plantations and a large piece of water, and is fiinounded by hills, which render the profpebl very romantic. In this town the Earl of Shaftefbury, aiubor of The Charac- teriftics, had a houfe, to v/hich he retired to feclude himfeH from company. It came afterward into the pobuHon of a gentleman, who planted a fmall fpat of ground in lb rnaity parrs, as to com- prife v/hatever can be fuppoled in the mob noble leats. It tnay^ properly be deemed a model, and is called, by the inhabitants of Reigate, “ The world in one acre.” It is now the feat of Richard Barnes, Efq. RICHING PARK, near Colnbrook, in Bucks, a new feat, erected by John Sullivan, Efq. It bands on the fite of Percy Lodge, the relidence of Frances Ccuntefs of Hertford, afterward Duchefs of Somerfet, the Cleora of Mrs. Rowe, and the Parronefs, whom Thompfon invokes in his Spring.” ‘ It was her prac- tice,” fays Dr. Johnfon, to invite, every fummer, fonie poet into RICHMOND. 183 into the country, to hear her verfes, and aHift her (ludies. ThU honour was owe rummer conierrcd on J homlbnj who took more delight in caroufing with Loid Hanford and iiis triends, than af- fifting her LadyflupN poetical operations, and theretore never I'e- ceived another inmnioiis.” But whatever were the merits oi this- exceiient lady’s poetry, Ibme of her letters, which have been pub- Jiihcd, evmce, in the opinion of Shenitorie, a perrebt reblitude of heart, delicacy of fentiment, and a tiuly c allic eale and elegance of fiyle.” inSuny, 8 f miles from London, the fineft vil- lage in theBritifh domirdons, was ancsemiy called Sheen^ which, in theSixon Longue, hgmfies 'rejplendcnt . Fiom the nnguiar beauty of its fituation, it has beea termed the Freicati ot Engrand, Here Rood a royal palace, in which Edw^ard I. and IL redded, and in which Edward ill,, died of grief, for the lofs or his heroic fon the Black Prince, Here alfo^dicd Anne, Qn^een of Richard II. who fird tanglu the Englifa ladies the ufe of the hJe laddie : for, be- fore her time, they rode aftri^ie. Richard was fo . ahlibied at her death, that he dsferted and defaced the fine palace, but it' was re- paired by Henry V. wiio founded three religious houfes near it. in 1497, it was deitroyed by liiej but Henry VII. rebuilt it, and commanded that the village thould be called Richmond : he hav- ing borne the title of Earl of Richmond before he obtaiired the crown j and here he died, Qiyeen Elizabeth was a priibner in this palace, for a (liort time, du' ing tiie reig-ti of her fiiLr. When (he‘ became Queen, it was one or her favourite places of rehdcnce 5 and here fhe clofed her iliuhrious career. It was afterward the 3'e- fidence of Henry Prince of Wa'es 5 and Bp. Duppa is faid to have educated Charles II, here. It is not now eafy to afcertairi v/hen this royal palace abfolMiely ceafed to be fuch. Some parts of it appear to have been repaired by Janies il. whofe fon, the Pretender, it is faid, was nurfed here. [See Bp, Burnet^ Vol. L 753*] it is not totally demolilhed. I'lie houfes now let on leafe to Wil- liam Robert fon and Matthew Skinner, El'quires, as well as that in the occupation of Mr. Dundas, which adjoins the gateway, are parts of the old palace, and are deferibed ip the furvey taken by the order of Parliament in 16495 and, in Mr. Skinner’s garden. Hill exifts the old yew-tree, mentioned in that furvey. [See Lyfons^ FoL L p. 44r.J On the (ite of this palace alio is Choimondeley Houfe, built by George third Earl of C holmcnJeley, who adorned the noble gallery with his fine coHebfion of piclures. It is now the property of the Duke of O^eenibu y, who transferred hither the piclures and furniture from Ins feat at Ambitfoury. The tapeury, which hung behind the Earl of Clarendon, in the Court of Cnancery, no'vv decorates the liall of this houle. A large houie, the property of Mrs. Saj-ah Way, and the relidei ce of herfeif and her filter, the Countefs Dowager of Norrhainpton, is alio on the fite of this pa.-, lace, as is the elegant villa of Vv^hitflicd Keene, Efq. built by the late Sir Charles Algill, Bart, from a defign of Sir Robert Taylor’s, There was ionnerly a park adjoining Richmond Green, called R z thi? •3 J 84 RICHIV^ONB. the Old, or Little Park, to diftinguifh it from the extenflve onCr made by Charles I. and called the New Park. In this Old Park was a lodge, the leafe of which was granted, in 1707, for 99 years, to James Duke of Ormond, wlio rehiiik the hoiife, and refidtd there till his impeachment in 1715, when he retired to Paris. Net far from the fite ot the lodge, ftands the obfervatory, built by Sir William Chambers, in 1769. Among a very fine fet of inftru- ments, are particularly to be noticed a mural arch of 140 degrees, and eight feet radius 5 a zenith feftor of 12 feet, tranlit inftru- ment of S feet ^ and a 10 feet refle^lor by Herfchei. On the top of the building is a moveable dome, which contains an equatorial inkruraeiit. The obfervatory contains alfo a colle6lion of fubje< 5 ts in natural hiflory, well preferved 5 an excellent apparatus for phi« lofophical experiments, fome models, and a colleftion of ores from his Majedy’s mines in the foreft of Hartz in Germany. A part of Old Park is now a dairy and grazing farm in his Majefly's own hands. The remainder conftitutes the royal gardens, w'hich Were altered to their prelent form by the exquHite tafte of Browne. Indead of the trim formality of the ancient- ftyle, we now fee irregular groups of trees adorning beautiful fwclling lawns, inter- i'perfed with fliriibberies, broken clumps, and folemn woods j through the recefTes of which are walks, that lead to various parts of thefe delightful gardens. The banks, along the margin of the Thames, are judicioufy varied, forming a noble terrace, which extends the whole length of the gardens ; in the S. E. quarter of which, a road leads to a lequeftered fpot, in which is a cottage, that exhibits the nioft elegant fimpHcity. Here is a colle^lion of curious foreign and domeftic beafts, as well as of many rare and exotic birds. Being a favourite retreat of her Majefty's, this cot- tage is kept in great neatnefs. The gardens are open to the pub- lic, every Sunday, from Midiummer till toward the eu.i ol Autumn.. At the foot of Richmond Hill, on the Thames, is the villa of the Duke of Buccleugb. From the lawn there is a fubterraneous communication with the picafure giounds on the oppofite bile of the road, which extends almoft to the fummit of the hill. Near this ia the charming refidence of Lady Diana Beauclerk, who has herfelf decorated one of the rooms with liiachs and other Bowers, in the fame manner as at her former lelkience at Twickenham. Here likewife are the villas of the Duke of Clarence, the Earl of Lei- cefter, Sir Lionel Darell, Bart. &c. On Richmond Green is a houfe belonging to Vifeount Fitzwil- liam, whofe maternal grandfather, Sir Matthew Decker, Bart, an eminent Dutch merchant, built a room here for the rec.ptlon of George I. In this houfe is an ancient painting of Richmond Pa- lace by Vinkeboom ; and there is another, faid to be the work of one of Rubens’ fcbolars, and fiippoftd to reprefent the Lodge in the Old Park, before it was pulled down by the Duke of Onu.ond. The Green is funounded fy lofty elms, and, at one corner of it, is a theatre, i]i whicli, during the fuinmer feal'on, dramatic enter- tainments are performed. The RICHMOND. 185 The town rims up the hill, above a mile, from Eaft Sheen to the New Park, with the Royal Gardens floping ail the way to the Thames. Here are four alms-houfes ; one of them built by bifhop Duppa, in the reign of Charles II. for ten poor widows, puriuant to a vow he made during that Prince’s exile. An elegant done bridge, of five femi-circular arches, from a dcfign by Paine, was ereiSfed here in 1777. The fummlt of Richmond Hill commands a luxuriant prdfpe6f, which Thom Ton, who refided in this beautiful place, has thus cele- brated in his Seafons : Say, fliall we afccnd Thy hill, delightful Shten ? Here let us fweep The bound lefs landscape : now the raptured eye, Exulting fwift, to huge Augulfa fend 5 Now to the fifter-hiils* that fkirt her plain^ To lofty Hanpw now, and now to Vv^here Maje/tic Windfor lifts his princely brow. In lovely contraft to this glorious view. Calmly magnificent, then will we turn To where the filver Thames fird rural grows. There let the feaded eye unwearied dray. Luxurious, there, rove thro’ the pendent woods, That nodding hang o’er Harrlngion’.s retreat P-f And dooping thence to Ham’s embowering walks, J Here let us tiace the matchlefs vale of Thames j Far- winding up to where the mufes haunt In Twit’nam bow’rs ; to foyal Hampton’s pile. To Claremont’s tenafs’d heiglu, and Ether’s groves; Enchanting vale 1 beyond whate’er the mufe Has of Achaia, or Hefperia fungi O vale of blifs ! O foftly-fwelling hills ! On which the Power- of Cultivation lies, And joys to fee the wonder of his toil, Heav’ns ! what a goodly profpe <51 fpreads around, OF hills and dales, and woods, and lawns, and Ipires, And glitt’ring towns, and gilded dreams, till all The dretching iandfcape into fmoke decays. Thomfon’s refidence was at Rofsdale Houfe, now in the podldlon of the Hon. Mrs. Bofcawen, in Kew-foot Lane. It was purchaf'ed, after his death, by George Rofs, Efq. who, out of veneration to his memory, forbore to puli it down, but enlarged and improved it at the ex pence of 9000I. Mrs. Bofeawtn has repaired the poet’s fa- vourite feat in the garden, and placed in it the tab.e on which he wTote his verfes. Over the entrance is infbribed : ‘ Here Thomfon fung the Seafons and their Change.’ The infide is adorned with fuitable quotations from authors who * Highgate and Hampdead. J Ham Houfe. f Feterdiam Lodge, R ? have 186 ' RICHMOND PARK. h;ive paid due compliments to his talents ; and in the centre appears the following infeription ; Within this pleafing retirement, al- ly led by tlie mulic of the nightingale, which warbled in foft unifon to the melody of his foul, in unaffc6fed cheerfulnefs, and genial though iimple elegance, lived James Thomfon. Senlibly alive to all the beauties of Nature, he pa'nted their images as they rofe in review, and poured the whole profufion of them into his inimitable Seafons* Warmed with intenfe devotion to the Sovereign of the XJniverfe, its dame glowing through all his compofitions j animated with unbounded benevolence, with the tendereft focial fenfibdlty, he never gave one moment’^s pain to any of his fellow creatures, lave only by his death, which happened at this place, on the 2 2d of Augufl, 174.8. ” — Thomfon was buried at the weft end of the north aide of Richmond church. There was nothing to point out the fpot of his interment, dll a brafs tablet, with the following infeription, was lately put up by the Earl of Buchan i ‘ In the earth below this tablet are the remains of James Thomfon, anth- r of the beautiful poems entitled, The Seafons, The Calile of Indo- lence, &c. who died at Richmond on the 22d of Auguft, and was buried there on the 29th O. S. 1748. The Earl of Buchan, un- willing that fo good a man and Iweet a poet ftrould be without a memorial, has denoted the place of his interment for the latisfac- tion of his admirers, in the year of our Lord 1792.’ Underneath, h this quotation from his “ Winter;"* Father of Light and Life, Thou God Supreme I O, teach me what is good ! teach me Tbyfedf ! Save me from folly, vanity, and vice, From tvt^y low purfuit! and feed my foul With knowledge, coofeious peace, and virtue pure Sacred, fiibftantial, never fadingblifs. RICHMOND PARK, formerly called the Great or the New Pajk, to diftinguifti it from that which was near the Green, was made by Charles I. Sir Robert Walpole (afterward Earl of Or- ford) w^as fond of hunting in this Park, and his fon, Flobert Lord Walpole, being the Ranger, he built the Great Lodge for him, and thus paid nobly for his amufement. This is an elegant (tone edi- £ce, with wings on each ftJe of brick. It ftands on a rifing ground, and commands a very good profpedl of the park, efpecially of the fine piece of v^ater. When Lord Walpole, afterward fecond Earl of Orford, died, the Princefs Amelia was appointed Ranger, While it was in her hands, the public right to a foot-way through the park, -was eftablifhed by the iftiie of a trial at law, in 1758, at Kingdon aflizes, in coniequence of which decifion, ladder gates were put up at fome of the entrances. Here alfo is another Lodge, called the done Ledge. See Mortlake, This park is eight miles in circumference, and coma. ns 2253 acres, of which not quite 100 are in Richmond parilh; there are 650 acres in Mortlake, 265 in Feterlham, 230 m Putney, and about xcoo inKingfton. His Ma- ROE 187 Jefty, who, fince the death of the laft JRanger, the Earl of Bute, hag taken the Park into his own hands, is now making feveral improve- ments, whicli promife to make it one of the molt beautiful parks in the kingdom. RICHMONDS HOUSE, a handfome villa, on the banks of the Thames, at Twickenham. In the laft century, it was the feat of the Earl of Bradford, a diltinguiibed chara&er in the reigns of Charles and James II. and an active promoter of the Revolution. Since his death it has belonged to different proprietors, and is now the feat of Mrs. Ailanfon. RICKMANSWORTH, a market- town in Herts, i8j miles from London, fuuate on the Coin, In the neighbourhood is a warren-hill, where the found of the trumpet is repeated twelve times by the echo. In this place is Bury Park,' the feat of Wii- Ham Field, Efq. RIPLEY, 2 miles from London, in the road to PortfiTioullt, has a chapel of eafe to the paridi of Send. It is one of the pret- tidf villages in the county, and was formerly famous for cricket- players. A handfome houfe, on the beautiful green, belongs to the Onflow family, RIVERHEAD, a village, near Sevenoaks, in Kent, fo called from the Darent having its fource in this parifh. It is fituated in the celebrated valley of Holmef'dale, which gives the title of Baron H. ’hneldale to Lord Arnherff, See Monirsal. RODING, the name of eight parifhes in the weft of EfTex, dif- tlnguillied by the appellations of Abbots, Berners, Beauchamp, Eyihorp, High, Leaden, Margaret, and White. They take their name from the river, which flowing through them, from Canfield, fails into the Thames, below Barking. Koding Berners is lup- pofed to be the birth place of Juliana Berners, daughter of Sir James Berners, of that parifti, who was beheaded in the reign of Richard II. This lady, who was Prioiefs of Sopewell Nunnery, was one of the eaiiieit female writers in England. She was beau- tiful, of great fpirit, and fond of hav/king, hunting, &c. In thefe fports file was fo thoroughly ikilied, that fiie wrote treatifes of hunting, hawking, and heraldry, From an abbefs difpofed to turn author/’ fays Mr, Warton, we might reafonably have ex- pe6fed a manual of meditations for the dofet, or feied rules for making falves, or diltiiling (trong wateis. But the diverfions of the field were not thought inconfiitent with the charader of a reli- gious lady of this eminent rank, who lefembled an abbot in refpe6l of exerciling an extenfive maneriai jurifdi£tion, and who hawked and hunted with other ladies of diftindion. ROE HAMPTON, a hamlet to Putney, at the weft: extremity of Putney Heath. Here are many handfome villas 5 among which are Mount Clare, Sir John Dick’s j and thehoufes belonging to the Earl of Befborougb, Lady Robert Bertie, Richard G. Temple, Efq. John Thompion, Efq. and Colonel Fiillarton, the latter in Roehampton Lane j and Herbert Lodge, the villa of James Daniel, 188 ROEHAMPTON GROVE. Efq. fitiiate in Putney Park Lane. Mount Clare was built, in the Italian llyle, by the late George Clive, Efq. Sir William Cham* bers was the archite 61 of the Earl of Belborough’s. In this houfe are fome valuable antiques ; particularly, the celebrated trunk of a Venus, from the coilc6tion of Baron Stofch j and there is a buft of Demolihenes, bv Benvenuto Cellini j with fome good pi6Iiires, among which are, the Interment of a Cardinal, by John ab Eyck, the firft painter in oil colours ; Sir Theodore Mayerne, Phylician to James I by Rubens j and Bp. Gardiner, by Holbein. In this hamlet is a neat c’lapel, over the altar of v.^hich is the Laft Supper, by Zncchero. See Roehampion G roue and Roeh:mpany with the Q^cen Dowager, and the royal fa- in ly, with whom Ihe enjoyed a great intimacy till her death in vated EYE i&g vated country, adorned with villages and feats, idfes to Harrow and the adjacent elevated parts of Middlefex. ROEHAMPTON HOUSE, the feat of William Drake, Efq., at Roehampton, was built in the year 1710. The ceiling of the faloon, which was painted by Thornhill, reprelents the Feails o£ the Gods. ROMFORD, a town in Ehex, iif raises from London, in the road to Harwich, is governed by a bailiff and wardens, who, by patent, were once empowered to hold a weekly court lor the trial of -trcafons, felonies, debts, &c. and to execute offenders. It has a market on Monday and Tuefday for hogs and calves, and on Wedndday for corn. Its church was a chapel of eafe to Horn- church. RUNNY MEAD, near Eghain, in Surry, is Celebrated as the fpot where King John, in 1215, was compelled to fign Magna. Charta aiid Charta de Forelia. It is true, that here his confent was extorted j but thele charters were figned, it is laid, in an ifland between Runny Mead and Ankerwyke Houfe. This ifland, itill called Charter Ifland, is in the parifh of Wiayfbury, in Bucks. In King John's time, and that of his fon, Henry III. the rigours of the feudal tenures and Ibrell laws were lb warmly kept up, that they occafioned many infurre 61 ions of the barons or principal feuda- tories j which at lad had this effed, that firil King John, and after- ward his Ion, confented to the two famous charters of EngUlli liberties, Magna Charta and Charta de Forefia, On Runny Mead are .annual horlc-iaces, which are attended by their MajelUes and the royal family. RUSSEL FARM, the handiome feat of the Countefs Keppel, in a beautiful fituation near Watford, RYE-HOUSE, an ancient h life. In the parilh of St an decT Ab- bot, in the road from Hoddeldon to Ware, was built by Andrew Ogard, in the reign of Henry VI. that m-onarch having granted him a licence to build a caftle on his manor of Rye. It came after- ward into the family of the late Paul Field, Eiq. Part of the biii’ding (which now fcrves as a work-houie to the parifh) has both battlements and loopholes, and was probably the ga>e of the cable, which Andrew Ogaid had liberty to erefl: % and if fb, it is among the earlieft of thole brick buildings, raifed alter the form of bricks was changed, from the ancient flat and broad, to the modern fliape. But what- has rendered this place particuiariy imereliing, is its being the fpot laid to have been intended for the afiaflination of Charles II. in 1683. The houfe was then tenanted by Rumhold, who had ferved in the army of Ciomweli. ^ee Hume^ FoL Xllh chap. 5. SALTHILL, IQO S H E S C/VLTHILL, In Bucksj 2iJ miles from London, on the Bath ^ road, is remarkable for its fine (iMiation and elegant inn. It is alfo famous as t;eing the I'pot to which the fcholai s of Eton make their triennial' proccfTion j when a public colle< 5 lion is made from the companvj b^r the benefit of tlie Capttiin of the School, who is generally eie 61 ed a member of King’s College, Cambridge. L his Golie6iion, in ibrne years, amounts to near loool. SANDERSTED, in Surry, near Croydon, has a delightful prGfpecf on the N. to Croydon, and on t)ie N. W. to Harrow on the Hill, fome parts of Bucks, Berks, HampOiire, and over all Ban- fled Downs. Sfe Purify. SANDRIDGE, a village in Hertfordfhire, three miles N. by E, of St. Alban’s. Here is the elegant featof Charles Bouchier, Efq. who has lately made great improvements in the ho'iie and grounds, SEVENOAKS, a market-town in Kent, near the nver Darent, miles from London, in the road to Tunbridge, obtained irs name from feven large oaks which grew near it, when it was hrll built. Here is an hofpkai and fchool, for the maintenance of aged people, and the inflru< 5 lion of youth, firfl ere6lecl by Sir William Sevenoaks, Lord Mayor of London, 1418, who is faid to have been a foundling, educated at the expence of a perfon of this town, whence he took his name. Queen Elizabeth having greatly aug- mented the revenue of this fchool, it was called Queen Elizabeth’s Free-School. It was re-built in 1727 Near this town, in 1450, the royal army, commanded by Sir Humphrey Stafford, was de- feated by the rebels beaded by John Cade. See KippiJigion and Knole, SKEEN, EAST, a hamlet to Mortlake, on the Thames. Here are feveral villas j particularly that of Lord Palmerllon, a defen- dant from Sir John Temple, brother of the celebrated Sir William Temple ; the feat of Mrs. Bowles, built by the late Charles Bowles, Efq. after a defign by Meflrs. Carr and Morris j and the houfea of Philip Francis, Efq. and Mr. Alderman Watfon. SHEEN, WEST, the name of a hamlet to Richmond, v/hich once flood a quarter of a mile to the N. W. of the Old Palace of Richmond. Here Henry V. is- 1414. founded a convent of Car- thufians, in the walls of which Perkin Waibeck fought an afylum. An ancient gatew^ay, the lail remains of this priory, was taken down in 1770. The whole hamlet, confiding of 18 houfes, was at the fame time, amvili dated, and the fite, which was made into a lawn, added to the King’s incloures. Sir Wdliam d'emple had a leafe of the fire aiivi premifes of the priory ; ami Weft Sheen was his favourite refidence till his removal to Moor Park, near Farn- ham. King. Willijm. frequently vifited him at tliis place. When his patron waS' la-me with the gout, Swift ufualiy attended his Ma- jefty in his walk round the gardens, and here he became acquainted with s I o igi -with the beautiful and accompliOied Stella, who was born at this place, and wiiofe father was Sir William’s Steward. SHENLEY, a village of Hertfordfhire, two miles N. by W of Chipping Barnet. Here is High Canons, a handfouie feat, lately purchafed by Thomas Fitzherbert, Efq. who has made many ele- gant improvements ; particularly two fine pieces of water in the park, which, (loping from thehoufe, terminate, at fome di dance, in a delightful wood. SHEPPERTON, a village in Middlefex, on the Thames, i 9f miles from London. It is much refortcd to by the lovers of ang- ling. Hence is a bridge to Walton. SHOOTER’S HILL, eight miles from London, in the road to Dover, from the fummit of which is a fine view of London, and into EfTex, Surry, and even part of Sufiex. The Thames alfo ex- hibits a magnificent appearance. There is a handfome inn and gardens, for the entertainment of thofe who vifit this delightful (pot. See E It ham. SHORNE, a village three miles and a half S. E. of Gravefend, containing a romantic variety of landfcape. The hiils are wide, deep, and almoli covered with Vv^ood ; rifing into bold variations, between the breaks of which vad profpe:ts ot the valley beiieath, and the Thames winding through it, are feen, and tiom the tops of fome of them very extenfive profpeids of the country at large. SION HILL, in the parilh of Ifleworth, the elegant viiia of the Duke of Marl' orough. The grounds, which were planted by Broa/n, fail with a gentle dcfcent from the houfe to the great road to Hounflow. SION HILL, near the lad mentioned, the feat of John Robln- fon, Efq. a neat villa, w th extenfive offices, pleafantly fituate in a final! paddock. This eftare is a manor, called Wyke; it anciently belonged to the convent of Sion ; and, among its vaiious pro- prietors fince the diffoiutiun, we find the name of Sir Thomas Gre- ffiam. SION HOUSE, in the pai iffi of Ifleworth, a feat of the Duke of Northumberland’s, on he Thames, opr^fite Richmond Gardens, is called Sion, from a nunnery of Bridgetines, of the fame name, originally founded at Twickenham, by Henry V. in 1414, and re- moved to this f*pot in 1432. After tile diirolution of this convent in 153?-, it continued in the crown, during the remainder of our eighth Henry’s reign. His unfortunate Qiaecn, Catharine Howard, was confined here, from Nov. 14, 1541? to Feb. 10, 1542; being three days befoi'e her exe- cution Edward VI. graf ted it to his uncle the Duke of Somer- fet, who, in 1547, began to build this magnificent iiruiSlure, and fmifhtd the fnell of it nearly as it now remains. The houfe is a majeftic edifice, of white done : the roof is flat, and embattled. Upon each of the four outward angles, is a fquare turret ; flat- roofed and embattled. The gardens were incloied by high walls before the eafl and weft fronts, and were laid out in a very grand mannerj IQ 2 -SION* HOUSE. manner.} but being made at a time when extenfive views wer^ deemed inconfiftent with the (lately privacy affe6ied by the giea^, they we«e fo fitiiated as to deprive the houfe of all profpe 61 . To remedy that inconvenience, the Protc 61 or built a high triangular terrace in the angle between the walls of the two gardens j and this it was that his enemies afterward did not fcruple to call a foi tifica- tion, and to inlinuate that it was one proof, among others, of his having formed a defign dangerous to the liberties of the king and people, after his execution, in 1552, Sion was forfeited } and the houfe, which was given to John Duke of Northumberland, then became the refidence of his fon. Lord Guildford Dudley, and of his daughter-in-law, the unfortunate Lady Jane Grey, who was at this place, when the Dukes of Northumberland and Suffolk, and her hufband, came to prevail upon her to accept the fatal prefent of the crown } and hence fhe was condu6fed, as then ufual on the ac- ctflion of the fovereign, to reiide for fome time in the Tower. The Duke being bdaeaded in 1553, ^ion Houfe reverted to the Crown. Queen Mary reftored it to the Bridgetines, who pofleflld it till they were expelled by Elizabeth. In 1604, Sion Houle was granted to Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland, in confide- ratiori of his eminent fervices. His fl.)n Algernon employed Inigo Jones to new face the inner court, and to finifli the great hall in the manner in which it now appears. In 1682, Charles Duke of Somerfet, having married the only child of Jofceline Earl of Northumberland, Sion Houfe became his property. He lent this houfe to the Princefs Anne, who refided here during the miiunderffanding between her and Q^een Mary. Upon the Duke’s death, in 1748, his fon Algernon gave Sion Houfe to Sir Hugh and Lady Elizabeth Smithfon, his fon-in law, and daughter, afterward Duke and Duchds of Northumberland, who made the fine improvements. Tli€,mo(t beautiful feenery imaginable is formed before two of the principal fronts 5 for even the Thames itfclf feems to belong to the gardens, which are feparated into two parts by a new ferpentine river, which communicates with the Thames. Two bridges form a communication between the two gardens, and is a Itately Doi ic column, on the top of which is a finely proportioned itatue of Flora. The gnenhoufe has a Gothic front, in fo light a ftyle, as to be greatly admired. The back and end walls of it are the only re- mains of the old monaftery. Thefe beautiful gardens are (fored with a great many curious exotics, and were principally laid 'out by Brown. The entrance to the manfion, from the great road, is through a beautiful gateway, adorned on erch fide with an open colonnade. The vifitor afeends the houfe, by a flight of fieps which leads into ^he Great Hally a noble oblong room, 66 feet by 31, and 34 in height. It is paved with white and black marble, and is orna- mented with antique marble colofial ftatues, and particularly, with a caft of the dying gladiator in bronze, by Valadier. Adjoining SLOUGH, 193 Adjoining to the Hall, is a md.gm^cQTit Vejiibule, in a very un- common fiyle 5 the floor of fcagUola, and the wails in fine relief^ with gilt trophies, &c. It is adorned with 12 large Ionic columns and 16 piiaflers of ^erde a?ttique^ purchafed at an immenfe expenfe, being a greater quantity of this Icarce marble than is now perhaps to be found in any one building in the v/orld : on the columns are 12 gilt flatues. This leads to 7 ’he Dinmg Room, which is orna- mented with marble llatues, and paintings in chiaro ofeuro, after the antique. At each end is a circular recel’s feparated by columns, and the ceiling is in flucco gilt. ^he Drauoing Room has a coved ceiling, divided into two fmall compartments richly gilt, and exhibiting defigns of all the antique paintings that have been found in Europe, executed by the belt Italian artifts. The Tides are hung with a rich three- cole ned filk. damafk, the firft of the kind ever executed in England. The tables are two noble pieces of antique mofaic, found ih the Baths of Ti- tus, and purchafed from Abbate Furietti’s colle6lion at Rome. The glafles are 108 inches by 65, being two of the iargefl: ever feen in England. The chimney-piece is of the fineit ftatuaiy marblei^ inlaid and ornamented with 07' moulu, ^he Great Gallery^ which alfo ferves for the library and mufeiim, is 133I feet by 14. The bookcafes are formed in recefl'es in the wall, and receive the books fo as to make them part of the general finifhing of the room. The chimney-pieces are adorned with me- dallions, &c. The whole is after the moil beautiful ftyle of the antique, and gave the flrft inflance of flucco- work Aniflied in Eng- land, after the findl remains of antiquity. Below the ceiling, which is richly adorned with paintings and ornaments, runs a feries of large medallion paintings, exhibiting the portraits of all the Earls of Northumberland in fuccefTion, and other principal perfons .of the houfes of Percy and Seymour} ail taken from originals.. At the end of this room is a pair of folding doors into the garden, which iinifoi mity required fliould reprdent a book- cafe, to anfwer the Ollier end of the library. Here, by a happy thought, are ex- hibited the titles of the loft Greek and Roman authors, fo as to form a pieafing deception, and to give, at the fame time, a curious catalogue of th^ authores deperdiit. At each. end, is a little pavi- lion, flniftied in the molt exqiiifite taflc} as is alfo a beautiful clofet in one of the fquare turr:;ts riling above the roof, which com- mands an enchanting profped. From the eaft end of the gallery are a fiiit of private apartments, that are very convenient and elegant, and lead us back to the great hail by which we entered. All thefe improvements were begun in 1762, by the late Duke, under the' direction of Robert Adam, E!q. SLOUGH, a “village, 2of miles from London, and two from Windfor. Part of it is in the parifti of Stoke, the other in that of Upton. Here the celebrated Dr. Heri’chel purfues his altronomical relearches, aflTifted by a royal pennon. His forty feet telefcope is a S prodigious s o u 194 prodigious Inftriimettt, The length of the tube Is 39 feet 4. Inches^ it meafures 4. feet lO inches in diameter; and every part of it is of rolled or flieet iron, which has been joined together, without rivets, hy a kind of feaming, well known to thofe who make iron funnels ■for ftoves. The concave face of the great mirror is 48 inches of poliOied fiirface in diametei% The thicknefs, which is equal in every part of it, is about three inches and a half ; and its weight, when it came from the cad, was 2ii'8 pounds, of which it mnlt have loft a fmali part in poliftiing. The method of obfeiving by this telefcope, is by what Dr, Herfchel calls the front view ; the ■obferver being placed in a feat, fufpended at the end of it, with his back toward the obje6l he views. There is no fmaii fpeculum, but the magnifiers are applied immediately to the firft local image. From the opening of the telefcope, near the place of the eyc-glals, a fpeakiiig-pipe runs down to the bottom of the tube, where it goes into a turning joint ; and, after feveral other inflexions, it at length divides into two branches, one going into tlie obfci vatory, and the other into the vroi k-room ; and thus the communications ■of the obferver are conveyed to the afliftant in the obfervatory, and the workman is dire 61 ;ed to perform the required motions. The foundation of the apparatus by which the telefcope is fufpended and moved, confifts of tv/o concentric ciscular brick walls, the oiitennoft of which is 22 feet in diameter, and the infide one 21 feet^ They are two feet fix inches deep under ground, two feet three inches broad at the bottom, and one foot two Here is a neat chapel of eafe, to which Apb. Seeker contributed, 500I. On the fite of the ancient manor- houfe, a hand feme villa has been ere6led by Bryant Barrett, Efq. one of the proprietors of Vauxhail Gardens. Part of the ancient offices are flill flandingj, but Mr. Lyfohs fays, that the tradition of its having been the: property of Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Effex, is without founda-. tipn, as, in his time, it belonged to Sir John Leigh, the younger*. STOKE, a village in Backs, 21 miles from London, called alfo Stoke Poges, from its ancient lords> named Poges. Edward Lord Loughborough founded here an hofpitaC with a chapel in which he hirnfelf waS' interred. Henry, third Earl of Huntingdon, is,fup« pofed to have erefled the manfion in Stoke Park, afterward the feat of Lord Chancellor Hatton*. Sir Edv/ard Coke next refided herca and was vifited, in 1601, by Queen Elizabeth, whom he i’umptu - eiifly entertained, prei'enting her with jewels, &c. to the value of loooi. and here, in 1634, he died. It became afterward the feat of Anne Vifeountefs Cobbam, on whole death it was purchafed by Mr. Penn, one of the bte proprietors of PeanCyivania. John Penn,. Efq. his reprefentative, took- down the ancient manfion, and has erected a noble feat, in a more elevated fituation. He has likewife, rebuiSt Lord Lou ghb. trough’s hofpital, on a more convenient fpot* In Lady Cobham’s time, Mr. Gray, whofe aunt refided in the vil- lage: oTten vifited Stoke Park, and, in 1747, it was the feene of his poem called, A Long Story j in which the ftyie pf building in Elizabeth’s reign is admirably deferibeJ,. and the fantaflic manners of her time delineated with equal u iuh and humour. The chiirch yard mull ever be interdllng, as the feene of our poet’s celebrated elegy j and, at the eafi end of it, he is interred | but Without even a (tone to record his exit,- And te^ch the ruilic moral id to die.” In this panfh is tlie handfome 'eat of the late Field Marlha! Sir George Ho A. ard, K. B. ^ the end ot tne village, the neat reiidence of tst K v ;i>ow liio-. STOKE D^ABEk::L..^N, on the river Mole, . . o > near IgS s T H near Cobham. Here Is a fpacioirs manfion, the property of Sir Francis Vincent, a minoi% and refidence of Admiral Sir Richard Hua:hes, Bart. In this parifli is a mineral fpring. See JeJop's Weil, STRATFORD, 3I miles from London, thefirft village in EfTex, ©n crolling the Lea, at Bow Bridge, is in the parifli of Wefl: Ham. At Maryland Point, in this hamlet, is Stratford Houfe, where Sir John Henniker, Bart, has extenflve gardens,, though the houfe it- ieif makes no figure. STRATFORD BOW. See BOW. STRAWBERRY HILL, near Twickenham, the villa of the late Earl of Orford (better known in the literary world, and often quoted in this work, as Mr. Horace Walpole) is fituated on an eminence near the Thames. It was originally a fmall tenement, built, in 169.8, by the Earl of Bradford’s coachman, and let as a lodging-houle. Colley Cibber was one of its firft tenants, and there v/rote his comedy, called The Refufal. It was afterw'ard taken by the Marquis of Carnarvon, and other perfons of confe- quence, as an occafional fummer relidence. In 1747, it was pur- chafed by Mr. Walpole, by v/hom this beautiful itru^ure, formed from.fele£l parts of Gothic architecture in cathedrals, &c. was v/holly built, at different times. Great tafle is diiblayed in the elegant embellifhments of the edifice, and in the choice coIieCrion of pic- tures, fculptures, antiquities, and curiofities that adorn it j many of which have been purchaled from fome of the firfl: cabinets in .Europe,. The approach to the houfe, through a grove of lofty trees 5, the embattled wall, overgrown with ivy. 5 the fpiry pinna- cles, and gloomy caft of the buildings 5 give it the air of an an- cient abbey, and fill the beholder with avs?e, efpecially on. entering the gate, where a fmall oratory, inclofed with iron rails, and a cloiffer behind it, appear in the fore court. On entering the houfe, we are led through a hall and paflage, ^ith painted glafs windows, into the Great Parlour, in which aie the portiaits of Sir Robert Walpole, hrs two wives and children, and other family piCfuresp one of which, by Reynolds, contains- the portraits of the three Ladies Waldegrave, daughters of the Duchefs of Gloucefler. Here is likewife a converfation in fmall life,, by Reynolds, one of his early productions j, it reprefents Richard fecund Lord Edgcumbe, G. A. Selwyn, and G. J, Wil- liams, Efq. The window has many pieces of itained glafs, as- .have ail the windows in every roonn Thefe add a richnefs to the rooms, which, particularly on a bright day, have a very good effeCl, The Gothic foreens, niches, or chimney piecesr with which each room is likewife adorned,, were defigned, for the moft part, by Walpole hindelf, oi' Mr, Bentley, and adapted with great tafte to their ferpeCUve 11 tuat ions',. To enter into a minute defcriptlon of the valuable colleClion in shis^villa, would muck exceed our limits. Seme of the molt va- luable. STRAWEEREY HILL. 1 QQ iuable articles we ihall endeavour to point out, in tlie order in which they are ihewn. "The Little Parlour, The chimney-piece is taken from the tomb of Bifiiop Ruthall in Wedminder Abbey. In this room is Mrs. Damer’s much admired model of two dogs in terra coit'a a draw- ing in water colours, by Mils Agnes Berry, from Mr. William Lock’s Death of Woliey ; and a landicape v/ith gipfies,. by Lady Diana Beauclerk. The chairs are of ebony, as are feveral others in the houie. Tlhe Blue Brealifafting Room contains feveral exqiiiiite miniatures of the Digby family, by Ilaac and Peter Oliver, and others by Pe- titot, &c. Two other pidtures here deferve attention; one repre- fents Charles II. in a garden, and his gardener on his knee, prefent- ing the firll pine-apple railed in England 5. the other, a charming portrait of Cowley, when young, as a fnepherd, by Lely. In a clofef, among other pidlufes, are a portrait by Hogarth, of Sarah- Malcolm, in Newgate 5 and a good view, by Scott, of the Thames at Twickenham. In this clofet are two kittens, by Mrs. Darner, in white marble. In a niche on the flairs, is the rich and valuable armour of Fran- cis I. of France. It is of (feel, gilt 5 and near it is an ancient pldlure, on board, of Henry V. and. his family. The Library, The chimney-piece is taken from the tomb of John Earl of Cornwall in Wedminfter Abbey 5 the (lone work from that of Tiioiiias Duke of Clarence at Canterbury. The books, of which there is a very valuable coiledHon, are ranged within Gothic arches of pierced wood,. Among the mod remark- able objedls, are an ancient painting reprefenting the marriage of Henry VI. a clock of filver, gilt, a prefent from Henry Vlil, to Anne Boleyn 5 a fcreen of the (ir(i tapeftrymade in England, beinp* a map of Surry and Middiefex; a curfew,., or coverhre 5 and an . ofsprey eagle in terra cotta^ by Mrs. Darner., The Star Chamber^ ahnall anti-room, leading to the Holbein room and great gallery, contains- the famous bull of Henry VII. done for his tomb by Torregiano. This room has its name from the ceiling being (tudded with liars in Mofaic. The- Holbein: Chamber is adorned with pidlures, chiefly by and after Holbein j particularly, the Triumph- of Riches and Poverty,, by Zucchero ; and Holbein’s defign for a magnihcent chimney-piece for one of Henry Vlllth’s palaces. There is a curious picture of the Duchefs of Suffolk, and her hufband Adrian Stokes,, by Lucus de Heere. The chimney-piece is taken chiefly from the tomb of Apb. Warh^m at Canterbury. Part of this room is feparated by a fcreen, behind which (lands a bed, the canopy of which is crowned with a plume of red and white oftrich feathers. By the fide of the bed hangs the red hat of Cardinal Wolfey. The Gallery is 56 feet long, 17 high> and 13 wide. As we enter it out of the gloomy paflage, which leads from the Holbein Chaim- ber, the efFc 61 , particularly on a bright day, is veryHlriking. The ceiling 200 STRAWBERRY HILL* ceiling is copied from one of the fide aides in Henry VIPs chrtpely ornamented with fret-work, and gilt. The moft remarkable pic- tures are Henry VII. Mabeufe; Sir Francis Walfinghani, Zuc- chero; Admiral Montague, Earl of Sandwich, Lely j Sir George Villiers, Janifen ; George Viliiers Duke of Buckingham, Reubensj, Sophia Countefs of Granville, Rofalba 5 Men at Cards, Miel ; a Landfcape, PoulTin ; Anne Duchefs of York, by Mrs. Beale j the Wife of Alderman Le Neve, Lely ; Henry Jermyn Earl of St. Alban’s 5 James fecond Earl Waldegrave, Reynolds 5 the Bafhaw Bonneval, Liotard 5 Henry Lord Holland, Ditto-, Alderman Le Neve, fine, Lely 5 John Lord Sheffield, More 5 Virgin and Child^ by John Davis, Eiq. Mr. Le Neve, Jandenj Margaret of Valois- DucheL of Savoy, More 5 Maria Countefs Waldegrave, Reynolds; Mr. Law, Rofalba; Earl of Hertford, Dittos Frances Countefs of Exeter, Vandyck ; Sir Godfrey Knelier, by himfed ; Catharine Sedley Countefs of Dcrchefter, Dahl ; Madame de Sevigne; Girl icowering Pots, Watteau; Sevonyans, the Painter, by himfelf; Mary Q^een of France and Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk ; To- bit burying the Dead, fme. Caftiglione; Catharine de Medicis and her Children, Janet; Griffiere, the Painter, Zouiif ; a Portrait, Giorgione; a Flower-piece, Old Baptift ; Anne Countefs of Dorfet and Pembroke ; Thomas Duke of Norfolk, More; Henry Carey Lord Falkland, whole length, Vanfomer; Frances Duchefs of Richmond, ditto, Mark Girrard ; Ludowic Stuart Duxe of Rich- mond, whole length; Thomas Lord Howard of Bindon, Ditto; feveral Landfeapes and Sea-^ pieces, by Scott» In one of the re- ceffes, on an antique pedelial, is a noble bull of Vefpafi-an, in bafal- tes. In the other recefs, on an antique pedettal, adorned with fatyrs’ heads, and foliage, in relief, (lands the famous Eagles, of Greek workmanffilp, one of the fxneft pieces of fculpture known : it was found in the heaths of Caracalla, at Rome, On, and under the tallies, are' ot^ er pieces of ancient fculpture, in bulls and urns* On the japan cabinets are choice fpecimens ot Roman earthen ware, finely painted and well preferved. In the windows, and other parts- of the room, are feme good bronzes, The Roupd Roomi a circular drawing-room at the end of the Gal- lery, the chimney-piece of which was defigned Irt-m the tomb of Edward the ConfeiTor in Web minder Abbey. This room, which, is lighted by a bow window oi line painted glafs, is richly orna- inented, and has a beautiful chimney piece, of marble, gilt, and in- laid with fcagiiola. In tliis room is the valuable antique bud, in bafaltes, of Jupiter Serapis, from the late Duchefs of Portland’s colle6lion. The p^Hures are, Mrs. Lemo; , the midrefs of Van- dyck, by hindA’U; tlie Educarioii of Jiipuei , N. Pouffin y Bianca Capclla, Vafan ; Jacob leaving L ban. S.Rofa; a Landfeape, with Rocks , Gobi'O Caracci ; the Counttdes of Leiceder and Carlide^ Vandyck; a charming Landfeape, F, irBrill. The Tribune or C ah inci. T-.us is a AiiaU f ^uare room, with a feniicircuiai receis in the m.ddle of each fide. It is bey ond con- , ceptioa STliAWBEKRY HILL. 201 ceprlon fplendki an.i enchanting. Entire windows of painted glafs, in which are large heads of Chrlsl and the Apodles, llirrounded with beautiful Modiics ; a large ftar of yellow ftainrd glafs in the centre of the dome, the carpetj mutating the Moiaic of the win- dows and the liar in the ceiling; and the gilt mouldings and orna- ments ; all confpii'e to throw fuch a golden gloom over the whole- room, as to gi'/e it the folemn air of a Romiih Chapel; efpeciaUy when Hr il viewed through tiie grated door. In this room is the cabinet of enamels and miniatures, containing a greater number of valuable portraits, by Petitot, Zincke, and Oliver, than are to be found in any other coHe^lion. Among the mod beautiful are Cow- ley, by Zincke; the Countefs d’Oloime, Petitot; and Ifaac Oliver, by himfelf. Catharine of Arragon and Catharine Parr, by Hol- bein, are very valuable. In the glafs cafes on each Hde of the ca- binet are fome exquilite fpecimens of art ; particularly a fmall bronze bud of Caligula, with diver eyes, found at Herculaneum j a magnidcent miffal with miniatures, by Raphael and his fcholars; and a fmall f.lver bell, of the mod exquifite workmandiip, covered oyer with lizards, grafshoppers, &c. in the highed relief (fo -as to bear the mod minute infpedlion) by Benvenuto Cellini. Among the pictures , are the Countefs of Somerfet, Ifaae Oliver; and a beautiful piclure of Cornelius Polenburg, by himfelf. In T'he Great or North Bedchamber are a date bed of French ta- pedry, and a chimney-piece of Portland done, gilt, dedgned by Mr. Walpole, from the tomb of Bifliop Dudley, in Wedminder Abbey. Here are allb a glafs clofet, fumiflied with many curiod., ties and antiquities ; and a beautiful ebony cabinet, inlaid with po- li/hed done, and medallions, and embeiliOied with charming draw- ings by Lady Diana Beauclerk, of fome of the mod intereding fcenes in Mr. Walpole’s tragedy of the Myderious Mother. The chief pifliires in this room are, Philip Earl of Pembroke, whole length; Henry VIIL and his Children, on board; Margaret Snfiith, whole length, Vandyck ; the original portrait of Catharine of Bra- ganza, Pent to England previoudy to her marriage with Charles II, Henry VII. a dne portrait, on board ; Rehearfai of an Opera^ Marco Ricci ; OglcIPy, the Poet, in his Shirt; Sketch of the Beg- gar’s Opera, Hogarth ; Prelentation in the Temple, Rembrandt ; Countefs of Grammont, after Lely; Duchefs de Mazarine ; Ninon PEucios, original ; Richard L Prifoner to the Archduke of Aiidria, M ieris; Duchefs de la Valiere; Madam de Maintenon; Frances Duchefs of Tyrconnei: a Landfcape and Cattle, G. Poudin ; tv/o Views of Venice, Maneiki. Library over the Circular Dravotng Room, In this is a prodle of Mrs, Bany, the celebrated addrefs in the reign ,of George I. Kneller ; and Mrs. Clive, Davifon. This library contains a valu- able and extenfive colieftion of prints ; aniong which are a feries of Englini engraved Portraits, bound in volumes. The piers of the Garden gate are copied from the tomb of Blfhop s u' n William de Luda, in Ely cathedral. The garden itfelf iS' laid out in the modern ftyle 5 and, in tiie encircling wood, is a neat Gothic Chapel, eredtcd on purpofe to contain a cin ions molaic Ihrine, (i’enf from Rome) the work of Peter Cavalini, who made the tomb of Edward the Confeffor in Wedminfter Abbey. In this chapel are four pannels of wood from the abbey of St. Edmnndibury, with the portraits of Cardinal Bcaiifoit, Humphrey Duke of Gloucefter, and ArchbiOiop Kemp. 'Phe vv^indow in this chapel was brought from Bexhill in Suffex : the principal figures are Henry IM. and hiS’ :be late Lord’s vdll this manfion is appointed to be the refi- nence of the Hon. Mrs, Darner, the prefent pofTeflbr. STREATHAM, a village, five miles from London, in the road to Croydon. The Duke of Bedford is Lord of the Manor, and his feat here is the refidence of Lord William RiifTeli. Here alfo is the villa of Gabriel Piozzi, Efq. who married the widow of Mr. Thrale. In the libraryv are^the portraits of Lord Sandys, Lord Weftcote, Sir Jofluia Reynolds, Dr, Johnfon, Mr. Burke, Mr. Gjrrick, Dr. Goldfmith, Dr. Burney, Sir Robert Chambers, and Mr. Baretti, who all fpent many focial hours in the room where their portraits now hang, and which -were painted for Mr. Thrale by Reynolds. During the lifetime of Mr. Thrale, Dr. Johnfon frequently refided here, and experienced that Sincere refpedl to which his virtues and talents v/ere entitled, and thofe foothing attentions which his ill- health and* melancholy demanded. On the Common, are the hand- fome villas of Mr. Alderman Newnhamand Mr. Wilkinfon. A mi- neral watei*, of a cathartic quality, was drfcovered in this parifli, in 1660, which is ftiilheld in confiderable efteem j and the water is fent in quantities to fome of the hofpitals in London. In the chancel of the church is an epitaph on Rebecca, the wifeof William Lyne, who died in 1653 ; it was written by her hufband, who, after enumerat- ing her various virtues, thus concludes On the fouth wail is a monument to a woman of equal excel- lence : Elizabeth, wife of Major General Hamilton, who was married near 4.7 years, and never did one thing to difobiige her hufband* She died m 17461. SUD BROOK, the feat and fine park of the late Lady Green- wlcii, now the refidence of the Du> e of Buccleugh, between Rich- mond and Kingdom The park extends to the Thames. SU.'JBRIDGE, a village in Kent, between Wdlerha n, and Se- venoaks. Comhank,- SUNBRIDG £ HOUSE, late the elegant feat, beautiful park, and extenfive pleafure-groundsof William Wiilon, Elq,. at Bromley, in Should T ten thoiifand years enjoy my life, I could not praife enough fogood a wife. Kent. TAP 203 Kent. This eflate, incluJing the manor, ant! a pretty villa in the occupation of Mr. Pinchbeck, is now the property of George Tynd. Efq. SUNBURY,, a village in Middlefex, on the Thames, i6| miles from London contains the fine feat of the late Earl of Pomfret, n )w of William Thomas St. Qjyintin, Efq. This Teems to be an epitome of facade to Hamptori*Court, and has often borne the ap- pellation of that palace in miniature. Here alfo are the villas of Mr, Boehm, Mr. Parker, and Mr. Crofier. SUNNING HILL, a viliape in ¥/indio.r Foreff, in the road to Reading, is noted for its fine fituation, and its medicinal wells, which are efHcacious in paralytic cafes. Near the church is the feat of the Hon, John Yorke, In the neighbourhood, is the feat of James Tibbald, Efq, on Beggar's-Bufli Heath ; on the fide of the heath, is Col. Egerton^s j at Bucket’s HdJ, is that of Smith Barwell, Efq. at Titnell Wood, is General Crofby’s ; at Sunning-Hil! Park, or, as it is fometimes called, Beaver Park, is that of Jeremiah Crutchley, Efq. and near the New Mile Courfe, is that of Carter. S WANSCOMBE, a village, two miles from Gravefend, has the remains of a camp, fuppofed to be Danifh, This is faid to be the place where the Kentifh men, with boughs in their hands, like a •moving wood, fiirprifed William the Conqueror, and, throwing down their Houghs, threatened battle, if they had not their ancient ■cuftoms and franchifes granted to them ; to which he immediately confented. But the fa^fl,” fays Dr. Aikin, is doub:ed ; though it is certain that many peculiar cudoms (liil remain in Kent, one of the mod remarkable of which is that of gavelkind.’' See Ingrefs Park. SWINLEY LODGE, on the fouthwed fide of Sunning Hill, th^e refidence of the Earl of Sandwich, Mailer of the Buck Hounds, , Plere is always a number of deer kept for the royal chafe, under his • "e and direct]' n : he appoints tlie days of hunting, takes care of the foreft deer, and his Majdty’s (tag and buck hounds; -and, for this piirpofe, has many interior officers under him, who fuperintend the feveral parts of the fordt, divided into different walks or ap»» pointments. SYDENHAM, a village in Kent, on the declivity of a ffne hill^ eight miles from London, famous for its medicinal wells. T. ^^ADWORTH COURT, the feat of Mr, Brown, on Walton ^near Gatton. TAPLOE5 a village near Maidenhead, in Buckinghamffiire, 25 miles from London. It is finely elevated above the Thames, is^ diftinguiffied by its noble woodlands and piblurefque appearance, and is adorned with many handfome houfes. Taploe Houfe, the ancient feat of the Earl of Inchiquin, Bands on the funimit of the 204 TEDDINTON. the hill. On a fine eminence in the park, is an cak, faid to have been planted by Qiieen Elizabeth, when in confinement here. But I fays Mr. Ireland, that ii miift at that period have beer, of (ufficient growth to afford ample fliade to her majefty, which could not have been the cafe had fhe planted it herielf. It is the noble rem. ' a s of a very aged tree, Whofe antique root peeps out ^ riae biook that brawls along the wood.” This (h h - h-, ' . fc is adorned with many handfome hoiifes ; i ■, hv ' . -S of Lady Moore, Lord Elibank, Lady M yrmc, bi. ’ a Irby Aftun, and the Rev. Mr. Packlione, Taploe Locigr, . n Common'^ by the fide of Cliefden Gar- dens, the leal of John Fiyaiy Biq. was lately the property of Sir John Lade. Bart, who much improved it, and fold it to Mr, Fryar, for 7000!. Mr. Fryar has made great additions to the houfe and gardens. TEDDINGTON,a village in Middlefex, feated on the Thames, 12 miles from London, S' me have fiippoled i-:s n?me to denote the ending of the tide, which does not flow above this village — Tide- end-town, or, in the Saxon, Tyd-end-ton. Mr. Lyfons obferves, that there can be no other objection to this etymology than that the place is calied "Totypgton in all records, for feveral centuries after its name hrii: occiiis. On the banks of the Thames, are feveral good hollies ; particularly the Manor Houfe, built by the celebrated Loid Buckh'iird, in i6 02. It is the property of George Peters, El’q. and in the occupation of Captain Smith and his Lady, the Dowager Lady Dudley and Ward. In one of the bed-chambers is a ftate- bed, given by the Emperor Charles VI to Sir George Rooke, and two portraits of that gallant Admiral ; the one taken when he was a young man, the other aber he became an admiral. Near Loid Orford’s, is the handfome feat of John Walter, Elq. built about 30 years ago, by the late Mofes Franks, Efq. after a defign by Sir Wil- liam Chambers, who likewife laid cut the grounds wirli great tade. The houfe has a fine lawn in front, at an agreeable diitance from the road, under which is a fubterranean grotto, communicating with the Thames, and with a charming terrace, which has a fine view of the moll pleafmg objects along and acrofs the river. Mr. Walter, who purchafed this feat of the reprefentatives of the late Mr. Franks, has made confiderabie improvements. The feat of Robert Udney, Efq. has a large and valuable ccile6fion of pic- tures, by the old mafters, chiefly of the Italian fehooK In this pa- rifn is aifo a houie, built and fitted up at a great expence, toward the dole of the lalf century, by Sir Charles Duncombe, Lord Mayor ©f London, in 1709. The cielings were painted by Verrio, and the carvings executed by Gibbons. Two rooms thus ornamented flili remain : and the houfe is now the rcfidence of William Douglas, Efq. The church is a perpetual curacy, which was enjoyed 51 years THAMES, ao5 by that good mati and great philofopher. Dr. Stephen Hales, who lies buried under the tower of the church, which he had erected at his own expence. THAMES, the fined river in Great Britain, which takes i"s rife from a copious fpring, called Thames Head, two miles S. W. of Cirenceder. Under the name of Thames,” fays Dr. Aiken, is included its principal branch, the Ifts ; for, in faff, the belt: writers affert, that liis is a mere poetical name, not known by the inhabitants of its hanks, who uniformly call the principal river the Thames, quite up to its head. Ids is the ancient name Ou e, common to fo many rivers, latinized. The Tame, commonly fup- pofed to give name to the Thames, is an inconfiderable rivulet, which, flowing by the town of Tame, bends round to meet the ima- ginary Ids above Wallingford.” About a mile below the fource of the river, is the did corn-mill, which is called. Kemble Mill. Here the river may properly be faid to form a condant current 5 which, though not more than nine feet wide in fummer, yet, in winter, be- comes fuch a torrent, as to overflow the meadow's for many miles around. But, in fummer, the Thames Head is fo dry, as to appear nothing but a large dell, iiiterfperfed with dones and weeds. From Somerford the dream winds to Cricklade, where it unites with many other rivulets. Approaching Kemsford, it again enters- its native county, dividing it from Bcrkdiire and Inglefhein. It wddens con- dderably in its way to Leclviade 5 and, being there joined by the Lcch and Coin, at the didance of 138 miles from London, it be- comes navigable for veffels of 90 tons. At Enfham, in its courfe N. E. to Oxford, is the did bridge of done j a handfome one, of three arches, built by the Earl of Abingdon. Pading by tlie ruins of Goddow Nunnery, the river reaches Oxford, in whofe academic groves, its poetical name of Ifis has been fo often invoked. Being there joined by the Charwell, it proceeds S. E. to Abingdon, and thence to Dorcheder, where it receives the Thame. Continuing its courfe S. E. by Wallingford to Reading, and forming a boundary to the counties of Berks, Bucks, Surry, Middlefex, Effex, and Kent, it wadits the towns of Henley, Marlow', Maidenhead, Windfor, Eton, Eghani, Staines, Laleham, Chertfey, Weybridge, Shepperton, Walton, Sunbury, Ead and Wed Moulfey, Hampton, Thames Ditton, Kingdon, Teddington,Twickenham, Richmond, Ifleworth, Brentford, Kew, Mortlake, Barnes, Cldfwick, Hammerfmith, Ful- ham, Putney, Wandfworth, BatUrfea, Chelfea, and Lambeth. Then, on the north banker the river, are Wedminder and London, and, on the oppofte fide, Southwark 5 terming together one conti- nued city, extending to Limehoufe and Deptford 5 and hence the ri- ver proceeds to Greenwich, Eriih. Greenhithe, Gray’s Thin rock, Gravefend, and Leigh, into the ocean. Iti^ceives in its courfe from Dorcheder, the rivers Kennet, Loddon, Coin,Wey, Mole,Wandle, Lea, Roding, and Darent. It is impofiible to deferibe the beauties which the banks of this noble river difplay from Windfor to London ; the numerous villages THAMES. 206 on each fide, being adorned with magnificent feafs, elegant villas, e^xtenfive pleafure-grounxis, and beaiidf’ui gaidens. Ncr can any thing be more pleafingly pi6iurefqiie than the great nu:nber, of l')arges and boats, both for pleafure anri burden, which are conti- nually pafling and I'epailing, above Wefimir-ftcr Bridge 5 and, be- low London Bridge, what an idea mull a foreigner conceive of the commerce and opulence of the Metropolis, when he beholds the in- numerable malls, which extend, like a forell, to Deptiord and Limehoufe ! The Lord Mayor’s jurifdifHon over the Thames extends from Coin Ditch, a little to the weft of Staines, to Yendal or Yenleet, to the eaft, including part of the rivers Medway and Lea ; and he has a deputy, named the Y/ater Bailiff, who is to feaich for, and pu- nifti, all offenders againll the laws for the prefervation of the river and its ftlh. Eight times a year the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, hold courts of confervancy for the four counties of SuiTy, Middle - fex, Eftl'X, and Kent. Thougli the Thames is faid to be navigable 138 miles above bridge, yet there are ip many fiats, that, in fummer, the naviga- tion weftward would be entirely ftopped, when the fprings -ai’e low, v/ere it not for a number of locks. But thefe are attended with con- fiderable expence 5 for a barge from Lechlade to London pays for paffing through them, 13I. 15s. 6d. and from Oxford to London 12I. 8,s. This charge, however, is in liimmer only, when the wa- ter is low; and there is no lock from London Bridge to Bolter’s Lock; that is, for 5 if miles above bridge. The plan of new cuts has been adopted in feme places, to fiiorten and facilitate the navi- gation. There is one near Lechlade, which runs nearly parallel to the old river, and contiguous to St> John’s Bridge; and there is another, a mile from Abingdon, which has lendeied the old Itream, toward Cnlham Bridge, ufelefs. ■ Some of our poets liave been fend to imagine (what perhaps they confidered as merely imaginary) a jun 61 ion between the Thames and the Severn, Pope I’uggefted the idea in a letter to Mr. Digby, dated in 1722. And thus the Poet of the Fleece ; Trent and Severn’s wave By plains alone difpai ted, woo to join Majefiic Thamis. With their filver urns The nimble- footed NaVds of the fprings Await, upon the dew^y lawn, to I’peed And celebrate the union. Dyer. This poetical vitlon has been realized. A canal has been made, by virtue ofan ablof parliament, In 1730, from the Severn to Wall Bridge, near Stroud, A new canal alcends by Stroud, through the vale of Chalford, to the height of 343 feet, by means of 28 locks, and thence to the entrance of a tunnel near Sapperton, a diilance of near eight miles. This canal is 4.2 feet in width at top, and 30 at tii2 bottom^ The tunnel (which is extended under Sapperton Hill, THE 207 and under that part of Earl Bathurlt’s grounds, called Haley Wood^ making a dillance cd tv^o miles and three furlongs) is near .15 feet in width, and can navigate barges of 70 tons. The canal, descending hence 134, feet, by 14 locks, joins the Thames at Leclilade, a dif- tance of 20-4; miles. In the Cw'iu'fe of this vad undertaking, the canal, from the Severn at Froomiade, to ingleiham, where it joins the Thames, is a dif- tance of more than 30 miles . The expence of it exceeded the fuin of aoojoool. of Widen 3000!. is faid to have been expended in gun- powder alone, ufed for the blowing up of the rock. This work was completed in 1789, in Ids than feven years from its commencement, A communication, not only with the Trent, but wdth the Merfey, has likewife been tffeded, by a canal Ironi Oxford to Coventry 5 and a conhde' able progrd’s is "made in another canal from this, at B;aiinUon, to the Thames at BrentfoRl. Tlfis is called the Grand JundlirOn Canai. On liie extenfiye :-;d vantages refukirsg from thtfe navigable coinrnumcations iromi tiie Metropolis with the ports of Bnftbl, I.ivcrpool, Hull, and the pdncipal maniifaduring towns in the iiiiand parts of the kingdom, it is imedicfs to ex-* patiate. Tne tide fiows up the Thames as high as Richmond, which, fol- lowing tlie winding of the river, is 70 miles from the ocean ; a greater diltance tiian tlie tide is carried by any other river in Eu- rope, The water is edeemed extremely whokforne, and fit for ufe in very long voyages, during which it will work itlelf perfeCtiy fine. To compaie the Thames with the principal rivers of the Eu- ropean continent, or, in the tumid language of Thomfon, to call it King oi Floods," is only to injure it by a paraikl, which it were abfurd to fuppofe it could fufiain 5 yet, independently of the great- iiefs It acq>ares by affociadon, it has intrinfic merits, which muft ever fecure to it a refpectable rank. Few of the moit ceielu'ated ri- vers of Eur pe afford a length of navigation for large fliips equal to that of the riianics in point of fafety, eafe, and regularity : and certainly no European metropolis is fo much benefited by its river as London by its Thames. THAMES DIT TON, a village in Surry, befw^een Kingfion and E'lser. Here are Boyle Farm, the villa of Lord Henry Fitzge- rald, and the feat of Richard Jofeph Sullivan, Efq. S^s Ember Court, THEOBALDS, a hamlet on the New River, in the parlfli of Chefnunt, Herts. Here the great Lord Burleigh built a feat, and adorned it with magnificent gardens, in which he feems to have an- ticipated all the abfurdities ihat are commonly aferibed to a taffe, fuppoled to have been long after imported from Holland, The garden," fays Hentzner, is enconipafied by a ditch filled with wa- ter, and large enough to have the pleafure of rowing in a boat be- tween the fhrubs j it was adorned with a great variety of trees and T z piarus,, T H O 208 ])lantSj labyrinths made with much Jabour, a jet d’eau with its ba- ton of white marble, and with columns and pyramids.” But let it be remembered to the honour of Lord Burleigh j that Botany, then in an infant ftate, was much indebted to him. He pa- tronized that celebrated botanift John Gerard j and his garden contained the bed coile 61 ion of plants of any nobleman in the king- dom. Q^een Elizabeth was entertained in this houfe no lefs than twelve times 5 and each time it cod Binieigh 2000I. or 3000I. her majefty being there fometirms three weeks, a month, or even ilx weeks to- getiier. He gave this feat to his youngerfon, Sir Robert Ceci', (af- terward Earl of Salifbury) in whcfe time Jam-"S I, haying there for one night, in his way to take pofTelTion or the crown, was ib delig’hted with the place, that he gave him the manor of Hathdd in exchange for Theobalds, and afterwards enlarged t’r.e park, and encompalTed it with a wall ten miles round. This palace he often vifited, in or- der to enjoy the pleafure of hunting in Enheid Chafe and Epping Fored j and here he died. In the civil war, it was plundered and defaced 5 it being the place whence Charles I fet out to eie6f his ilandard at Nottingham. Charles II granted the manor to George Monk, Duke of Aibemarie 5 but' it reverting to tlie Crown, for want of heirs male, King William gave it to William Earl of Portland, from whom it defeended to the prefent Duke, who fold it to George Prefcott, Efq. The park has been converted into farms* The fmall remains of Theobalds, (fitch as the room where King James died) were demolilhed, in 1765, by Mr. Prefcott, whq leafed cut the fire of it to a builder, and erefltd a handfome houfe tor him- felfj about a mile to the fouth of it. It is now the feat of Sir George Wiiilam Prefcott, Bart, THEYDON BUIS, a village in Eflex, 14 miles from London, to the ieffof the road to Chipping Gngar. Theydon Hall is the feat of Mr. Eiwes. THEYDON GERNON, between Theydon Bois and Theydon Mount, is frequently called Ccoperfale, from a capital feat of that name, two miles N. of the church. This, and fome of the neigh - b )uring pariflies, may be called The Garden of Eflex,” from the pieafmg variety of hills and vales, the fertility of the foil, the num- ber of villas interfpe! fed, and thedivtrfity of beautiful prufpe 61 s. THEYDON MOUNT, near 16 miles from London, on the left of the road to Chipping Ongar. The church, which had been burnt by lightning, was rebuilt by Sir Wi iiain Smith, Bait. In it are fo ne monunieius, the moil ancient of which is that of Sir Thomas bmyth, an able ftatefman, one of tlie moft learned men of his age, and a great uromoter of the fludy of the Greek, language. See Hill EalL THGBY PRIORY, fb called from Tobias, the firft Abbot, is fituated in theparifh of MountnefTing, 22 miles from London, on the road to Chelmsford. It was founded in the reign of Stephen, and was T 1 Z was granted, by Henry VIII, to Cardinal Wolfey. It is now the property of Henry Prefcott Blencowe, Efq. and in the occupation of Peter Moore, Efq. The houfe, though ftill a fpacious edifice, has been confiderably reduced, within a century paft. Some arches are ftill ftanding, as monuments of its original deftination. THORNDON, or HORNDON, EAST and WEST, two pa* rlOies between Brentwood and Hordon-on-the-Hill. The churches oF Weft Thorndon and Ingrave being both ruinous, the two parities were united by a6l of parliament, and a new church was built, in 1734., by the father of the prefent Lord Petre. THORNDON HALL, the magnificent feat of Lord Petre, in the parlfh of Weft Thorndon, EfTex. The houfe, built by Paine, is fituated on a fine eminence, at the termination of ah avenue from Brentwood, two miles long. It is built of white brick, and confifts of a centre and two wings, conne^led by circular corridors ► The approach from Brentwood is to the weft front, which is not adorned with any portico or columns j but the eaft front has a noble portico^ with fix fluted pillars of the Corinthian order. The lawn falls hence in a gentle dope 5 and the profpe6l over the Thames into Kc-nt is very fine. The Hall is a noble room, 40 feet fqiiare; richly ftuc- coed, ornamented with fine marble, and containing a great number of portraits. The drawing-room, 38 feet by 26, is hung with green damafk. Adjoining to this, is the library over one of the corri- dors j and this is terminated by the gallery in which the family fit^ when attending divine fervice in the elegant chapel which occupies the right wing. The nobleft apartment, whenever it is finifhed, will be the grand I’aloon, which is in the weft front, and is 60 feet by 30^ Among the paintings at Thorndon Hail, are Lewis Cornaro and his family, and Sir Thomas More and his family 5 the firlt fa'd to be by Titian, and the fecond by Holbein ; but the originality of the latter is difputed. See Walpole's Anecd, of Fainting^ Vol. I p. 143. The park is extend ve, finely timbered, ?ind very beautiful. The woods are large, and, for variety as well as rarity of trees, are fup- pofed to be unequalled. The menagerie is a charming fpot. THORPE, a village in Surry, betwetn Chertfey and Egham. At Ambrole’s Barn, in this parifh, refides Mr. Wadipot, a farmer, whofe anceftors liave lived on the fame fpot ever dnee the time of Al- fred, by whom the farm was granted to Reginald Wafhpot. Not- withftanding the antiquity of this family (and can tiie Howards or Percys afeend higher ?) their fituation in life has never been elevated or depreded by any viciffitude of fortur:e. In this parifh are the fea^s of Sir Edward Blacket, Bart. JohnManmngham,Eiq. and the Rev. Mr. Bennett 5 and, at Thorpe Lea, is tiie villa of Mr. Wvatt. THUNDRIDGE, a village of Herts, two miles north taft of Ware, and on the fouth fuleof the river Rib. At Tlumdridgebury is the leat ot Widiam Holllngfworth, Efq. ^ TILBURY ^ EAST, on the Thamies, below Tilbury Fort, In this paiifii,’’ fays Morant, was the ancient ferry over -the Thames. The ivimous Higham Caufeway from Rochefitr by Higham, yet 3 Vidble, 210 TOT vifible, points out the place of the old ferry j and this is fiippofed to be the place where the Emperor Claudius crolTed the Thames, in piirfuit ot the Britons, as related by Dion CalTius, i. 6o.” In this parilh is a field called, Cave Field, in which is an horizontal pafiage to one of the fpacious caverns in the neighbouring pariHi of Chad- welL Of tiiefe Camden has given a fketch in his Britannia j and he defcribes them as in a chalky cliff, built very artificially of ftor.e to the height of ten fathoms. Dr. Dciham meafured three of the moil confiderable of them, and found the depth of one of them to be 50 feet, of another 70 feet, and of the third 80 feet. Their origin is too remote for invelfigation. TILBURY, WEST, an ancient town in Eflex, near the mouth of the Thames. Here the four Roman proconfular w'ays crofled each, other, and, in the year 630, this was the fee of Bifliop Ce- adda, or St. Chad, wdio converted the Eall Saxons. It is iituated by the marfkes, which are rented by the farmers ard grazing butch- ers of London, who generally flock them with Lincolnfhire and Leiceiferlhire wethers, which are fent hither from Smithfield in September and October, and fed here till Chriftmas or Candlemas j and this is what the butchers call right marfh mutton. In this pa- ri fli is a celebrated fpring of alterative water, difcovered in 1717. When the Spanifh armada was in the Channel, in 1588, Queen Elizabeth had i camp here, which was where the windmill now ilands 5 and fome traces of it are vifible. TILBURY FOR E, in the panlh of Weft Tilbury, oppofite Gravefend, is a regular fortification, and may be termed the key to London. The plan was laid by Sir Martin Beckman, chief engi- neer to Charles II, It has a double moat, the innermoft of which is 180 feet broad 5 with a good counterfcarp, a covered way, rave- lins, and tenails. Its chief ftrength on the land fide confifts in its being able to lay the whole level under water. On the fide next the river is a ftrong curtain, with a noble gate, called the Watergate, in the middle; and the ditch is palifaded. Before this curtain is a platform in the place of a counterfcarp, on which are planted 106 guns, from 24 to 46 pounders each, befide fmaller ones planted be- tween them; and the baftions and curtains are alfo planted with guns. Here is likewife a high tower, called the Block-houfe, faid to have been built in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. ^ TITTENHANGER HOUSE, near St. Alban’s, a feat of the Earl of Hardwicke’s, the refidence of Mrs. Crawley. TOOTING, UPPER, a hamlet in the parifh ofStreatham, and in the road to Reigate, 5^ nules from London. Here is Grove Houfe, the feat of Mr. Powell. TOOTING, LOWER, fix miles from London, on the fame road, has aifb many g cd houfes. The tower of the church is re- markable for being of a circular form, with a low fpire. TOTTENHAM a village, 4^ miles from London, in the road to Ware. In this parifh is an ancient manor-lioufe, called Bruce Caflie, lately fold by Thomas Smith, El<^. to Mr. Ayton, the Banker, T R E an Banker, of 'whom It was pnrchafcd by his partner Mr. Lee. Here alio is the elegant relidence called Mount Pieai'ant, or Rowland Stephenibn, Efq. Grove Houfe, the feat of Thomas Smith, Efq. Lord of the Manor, was leveral years the refidence of that upright and excellent judge, Sir Michael Former. The church is htiiated on an eminence, aimoil furrounded by the Mofel, a rivulet, which rifes on Mufweil Hill. Over the porch is an apartment in which theparifh bufinefs was formerly tranfa6led. The veitry was erected in 1697, by Lord Coleraine, who made a vault in it for hhnfelf and his family. It has, indeed, the appear- ance of amaufoieum, having a dome leaded, and crowned with an obelifk. At the end of Page Green, (lands a remarkable circular clump of elms, called the Seven Siiters. In a field on the weft fide of the road, is St. Loy’s well, which is faid to be always full, and never to run over j and, in a field oppofite the Vicarage Houfe, rifes a fpring, called Bilhop’s Weil, of which the common people report many ft range cures. In the town, has been a crofs, from time immemorial. It was formerly a column of wood, raifed upon a little hillock ; whence the village took the name of High Crofs. It was taken down about 200 years ago, and the prefent llru^lure erected, in its ftead, by Dean Wood, In this parifti are three aims-houfes. Of one of them, for eight poor people, it is remarkable, that it was erefled by Balthazar Zancha, a Spaniard, who was confeblioner to Philip II. of Spain, with whom he came over to England, and was the firft that exer- cifed that art in this country. He became a Proteftant, and died in 1602. It is faid that he lived in the houfe, now the George and Vulture Inn j at the entrance of which are fixed the arms of Eng- land, within a garter, fupported by a lion and grifnn, and with the initials E. K. over another door is 1587. Here alfois a free fchool, of which, at the end of the laft century, that celebrated fcholar and antiquary, Mr. Vv'iliiam Baxter, was mafter. There is a Quaker’s Meeting at Tottenham : on which account, many families of that perfuafion have their country houfes here. TOTTERIDGE, a village of Hertfordfiiire, near Barnet, ten miles from London. Among many other handfome houfes, is the feat, with a fine park, of Mrs. Lee, TRENT PLACE, a beatiful villa on Enfield Chafe. When that part of the Chafe, which was referved to the Crown, in con- iequence of the a6l for disforefting it, was fold by auilion in the duchy court of Lancafter, two of the lots were bought by Dr, Richard Jebb, who had fuccefsfully attended the Duke of Giou- ceiler, when dangeioufty ill, at Trent, in the Tirol. Dr. Jebb converted his purchafe into a delightful park, and ere6led this ele- gant villa, in imitation of an Italian loggia, with a mulic-room, &c. His Majefty, on conferring the dignity of Baronet on Dr. Jebb, gave the name of Trent Place to this villa, in grateful commemo- ration 212 T w r ration of the medical fkll by which the Duke’s life had been pre- ferved. After the death of Sir Richard, the Fyarl of Cholmondeley purchafed this place j but it is now the property of John Wigfton, Efq. TITRNH AM GREEN, a village, five miles from London, in the parifh of ChifwicK.. Here is the villa of the late Lord Heathfield j and near this is the new-built hoiife of James Armltrong, Efq, TWICKENHAM, a village of Middlefex, loj n.iles from London, htuate on the Thames, and adorned with many handfome feats. Proceeding along the river from Teddington, is a delightful cottage, the retreat of the late Mrs. Clive, which Mr. Walpole gave to her for her life j ai?.d in the gardens of which he has placed an urn, with this infcription : Ye Smiles and Jeffs, ffill hover round j This is Mirth’s confecrated ground; Here liv’d the laughter-loving Dame, A matchlefs A6frefs, Cli'Z>e her name. The Comic Mufe with her retir’d. And fhed a tear when fhe expir’d. H. W. This boufe adjoins the wood belonging to Strawberry Hill, and is now the reiidence of Mifs Mary and Mifs Agnes Berry. Next to Strawberry Hill is the houfe lately the property of Sir fh ancis BalTet, Bart, nowin the occupation of the Lad.es Murray. Below this, is Mr. May’s beautiful little lioufe, built by Mr. Hudfon, the painter, the malier of Sir jofluia Reynolds j oppolite tue back of which is a fmall houfe, with an elegant Gothic front, the property of Mr. Levven. Next is the celebrated villa of Pope, now of Lord Mendip ; adjoining to whofe gardens Is Colonel Crofby’s. Near this is the feat of Countefs Do.vager Poidet. Farther down is Richmonds Houfe, the feat of Mis. Allanfon. All thefe houfes enjoy a pleafing profpe6f up and down the river, perpetually enlivened by the weff-country navigation, and other moving pictures on the furnace of the water. Below the chinch is Yoi ke Houfe, the feat of Colonel Webber. On the fiie of the late Earl of Stafford’s houfe, Lady Anne Conolly has erc6fed a noble feat. Next to this is the houfe of George Pocock, Efq. (fon of the late Admiral Sir George Pocock, K. B.) the additional o6Iagon room to which was built, to entert.dn Qiaeen Caroline at dinner, by the then proprietor James Johniione, Elq. In 1694, it was lent (by the then proprietor, Mrs. Davies) to the Princefs Anne of Denmark: change of air bein thought nectffary for the Duke of Gloucelier j and the Duke brought with him his regiment of boys, [6’r^ Campden Houfe.'] which he uied to exercife on the oppofite ayie. Below this is Mr. Harding’s pretty box, called Ragman’s Callle. Near this are Marble Hiii and Spencer Grove j below which is the feat of Richard Owen Cambridge, Efq. who has a good colle«ffion of pi6Iures by the old raaiiers, and ibme valuable portraits j particularly, a fine portrait of Secretary Thurloe, by Dobfon 5 Mary Davis, a cele . bra ted TWICKENHAM. 213 brated a^lrefs in the lail century j Angelica Kauffman, by herfelf j and a large group of the late Nabob of Arcot and his family. Kettle* The view of Richmond Hill, by Tiliemans, is particu- larly interefling, fo near the fpot whence it was taken. Next this is Twickenham Park, the feat of Lord Frederick Cavendnli. Here the great Sir Francis Bacon (whom Voltaire calls the father of experimental philofophy) fpent much of the early part of his life, in ftudious retirement j and here he entertained Queen Eliza- beth, to whom he then prefen ted a fonnet in praife of the Earl of Effex. In this hoiife are two fine portraits, fald to be of General Monk and Genei ai Lambert 5 Edward Earl of Orford, and two other Admirals, in a converfation piece 5 a frame, with (ketches or lix heads, in Lely’s manner 5 a SpaniOi bull-hglft, &c. Thefe, with all the furniture, were left as heirlooms by the Countefs of Mountrath, from whom Lord Frederick inherits the eftate. Part of the houfe is in the p'^rifli of Ifleworth, Lithe meadows between this houfe and the river, was originaliy the iite of Sion nunnery. We now return to Pope’s houfe and gardens. In his life-time, the houfe was humble and confined. Veneration for his memory has fince enlarged its dimenfions. The centre building only was the refidence of Pope. Sir William Stanhope, who purchafed it on his death, added the two wings, and enlarged the gardens. Over an arched way, leading to the new gardens, is a bud: of Pope in white marble, under which are thefe lines by Earl Nugent : The humble roof, the garden’s fcanty line, 111 fuit the genius of the bard divine : But fancy now difplays a fairer fcope, And Stanhope’s plans unfold the foul of Pope* Lord Mendip, who married the daughter of Sir William Stan- hope, ftuccoed the front of the houfe, and adorned it in an elegant ftyle. The lawn was enlarged 5 and, toward the margin of the river, propped with uncommon care, hand the two weeping willows planted by Pope himfelf. They who can cherifli each memorial upon ciaffic ground, will rejoice to find tiiat thefe trees (one of which, is one of the fined of its kind, a vegetable curiofity) are as fiouriflhng as ever. Not only the prefent proprietor preferves in- violate the memc ry of Pope, but flips of this tree are annually tranfmitted to different parts 5 and, in 17B9, the late Emprefs of Kuflia had fome planted in her own garden at Peteifburgh. The once celebrated grotto is no longer remarkable but for hav- ing been ereCled under the immediate direblion of our bard. The dilapidations of time, and the pious thefts of vif]t®rs, who leie« 5 V the fpars, ores, and even the common hints, as fo many facred relics^ have almod brought it to ruin. It no longer forms a camera obfeura nor does “ the thin alabaftcr lamp of an orbicular form” now irradiate the ftar of looking- glafs” placed in the centre of it. Even the perpetual i ili that echc-ed through the cavern, day and 214 TWICKENHAM. night,” is no longer in exilience. See Pope's Letter to E» Blomit, Efq > June 2,1725. In two adjoining apertures in the rock are placed a Ceres and a Bacchus, an excellent bull of Pope, and ibme other iigures. In the right cavity, wdiich opens to the river, by a fmail Vv/indow latticed v/ith iron bars^ our bard fat, it is laid, when he^compofed fome of his happieft vciles. At the extremity next the garden, is tliis in- fcription, from Horace, on white marbie : Secretum iter & failentis femita vitae. In an<^ther grotto, wh’ch paffes under a road to the dables, and conne6Is the pieaiure-gioun.ls, are two bulls, in Italian marble, of Sir Wiiiiam Stanhope and the Earl of Chefterfieid. In a niche, oppofite each, is a Roman urn of exquifire workmanlliip. Maffes of done are icattered round, in imitation of rocks 5 and wild plants and hardy foreit trees are planted on each lide, to give a fvlvan nule- nefs to the Icene. From this Ipot, alter vihring m. orangeiy, A'c. you are led to a fmail obelilk, ere the place of execution for London and Middlefex. I V. TrALENTINE HOUSE, late the feat of Donald Cameron, ’ Efq, at Ilford, in Edex. In a hotdioufe, here, is a vine, ai- med; incredibly produ6live. The following acccount of which is taken from Mr. Gilpin’s RedeOlions on Foreft Scenery : This vine was planted, a cuttim:, m 175S, of the black Hamburgh fort \ and as this ipecies will not eadly bear the open air, it was planted in the hot-hoiifej thorn? h without any prepaiation of foil, which in thofe grounds is a difF loam, or rather day. The hot-houfe is 70 feet in the front j and the vine, which is not pruned in the com- mon way, extends 200 feet, part of it running along the fouth wall on the out fide of the hot- houfe. In the common mode of pruning, this fpecies of vine is no great be'.rer j but managed as it is, it produces wonderfully. Sir Charles Raymond, on the death of his lady, in 1781, left Valentine- Houle 5 at which time the gardener had the profits of the vine, it annually produces about 400 weight of grapes 5 wliich ufed formerly (when the hot-hnufe, I fuppofe, was kept warmer) to ripen in March 5 though lately they have not ripened till June, when they fell at 4s. a pound, which produces about Sol. ^ This account I had from Mr. Eden hlmfelf, the gardener, who planted the vine. With regard to the profits of it, i think it probable, from the accounts I have had from other hands, that when the grapes ripened earlier, they produced much more than Sol. A gentleman of character informed me, that he had it from Sir Charles Raymond himfelf, that, after iiqiplying his own table, he made 120I. a year of the grapes 5 and the fame gentle- man, who was curious, enquired of the fruit-dealers, who told him, that in fome years, they fuppofed the profits have not amounted to iefs than 300L This does not contradiH Mr. Eden’s account, who faid, that the iitmoft he ever made of it (that is, I fuppofe, vv^hen the grapes foid for 4s. per pound in June) was 84], The ftem of this vine was, in 1789, 13 inches in circumfei ence. VAUXHALL, one of the fix precinHs of the parifii of Lam- beth. There is a tradition that Guy Faukes rcfided in the manor 21 6 A AUXHALL-GARDENS. manor-houfe of Vau:xhali or Fanxball, the fite of which is now occcupled by Marble Ha li and the Gumberland Tea Gardens. But there appears no ground for this tradition, except the coincidence of names. Here is an almlhoufe for feven poor women, founded in 1612, by Sir Noel Caron, who was Ambaflador from Holland to this country. Over the gate is a Latin infciiption, importing, that it was founded in the 32nd year of his embaily, “as an iniig- nificent monument of what he owed to the glory of God, in grati- tude to the nation, and in munificence to the poor.” The piefent income of thefe houfes Is 2 81 . per annum, payable out of Caron Park, the villa of Charles Blicke, Elq. (exclufive of a legacy of j, 1 00I. bequeathed to the alms-people, in 1773, by the Dowager Countefs Gower. Thefe women mull be parifhioners of Lambeth, and upward of 60 years old. They are allowed to get an addi- tion to their income, by the exertions of indufiry. On the right hand of the road to VVandlworth, is a fine fpring called Vauxhali Well 5 which, in the hardeft winter, is never known to freeze. See Lambeth y South, VAUXHALL GARDENS, the mofi celebrated public gar- dens in Europe, fituate near the Thames, in the parifli of L:m- beth. The time when this enchanting place was firlf opened for the entertainment of the public is not eafy to be afeertaintd. In the reign of Q^een Anne, it appears to have been a place of gi eat public refort 5 for in the Spe 61 ator, No. 383, dated May 20, 1712, Mr, Addiion has introduced his favourite chara^ler, Sir Roger de Coverley, as accompanying him in a voyage from tiie 1 cinple Stairs to Vauxhali. Long after we find in the Connoifieiir, No. 68, a very humorous defeription of the behaviour of an old citizen, who, notwithilanding his penurious diipofiriou, had treated his family here with a handlbme fupper. The gardens appear to have been originally planted with trees, and laid out into walks, for the pleahire of a private gentleman.* Mr. Jonathan Tyers having taken a leafe of the premil'es in 1730, opened Vauxhali (then called Spring Gardens) with an advertifement of a Ridotto al Frefco, The novelty of this term attracted great numbers 5 and Mr. Tyers was fo fuccefsful in occafional repetitions of the fame entertain- ments, as to be induced to open the gardens every evening during the fummer. To this end, he was at a great expence in decorat- ing the gaidens with paintings, in which he was afiifted by the hu- mourous pencil of Hogarth. He likewife ert6fed an creheftra, en- gaged a band of mufic, and placed a fine (latue of Handed, by Roubiliac, in a confpicuous part or the gardens. The feafon for opening the gardens commences fome time in May, and continues till tow'ard the end of Augufi. Every even- ing (Sunday and Friday excepted) they are opened at hall pad fix. * Sir Samuel Morlnnd, Knight, who difplayed in his houfe and gardens many whimlical proofs of his Ikili in mechanics. On VAUXHALL-GAKDEXS. 217 Oil entering tlie gresst gate, to which you are condu^fed by a (liort avt nue fiom the road, you pay two iliiiHngs for admittance* Tiie hrtt fcene that faiutes the eye, is a noble gravel w’alk, 90 ^ feet long, planted on each Hde with a row of lately elms, which form a hue vifta, terminated by the reprefentatlon ot a temple, in which is a traiifparency, emblematic ot giatitude to the public. Advancing a few fteps, we behold, to the right, a quadrangle, called the Grove. In the centre, is a magnificent Gothic orchef- tra, ornamented with carvings, niches, See. i he ornaments are plaftic, a compolition fomething like pialter of Paris, but knowa only to the ingenious architect who defi^ned this beaiuiful obje 6 le In fine weather the mufical entertainments are performed here by a band of vocal and inftrumentai performers. At tic upper extre- I miiy of this orcheftra, is a fine organ ^ and, at the foot of it, are I the feats anddefks for the muficlans, placed in a femi»circiilar form, I leaving a vacancy at the front for the vocal performers. The I conceit is opened wdth inftrumentai niufic at eight o^ciock, after I which the company are entenalned with a fong 5 and in this nian- ! ner other fongs ate pjerformed, wiih concertos between each, till ! the clofe of the entertainment, v,/hich is at eleven. I In the front of a large timber building, which you approach j from the middle of the gieat room, is a painted landfcape, called I the Day Scene, At the end of the fiifl a61, this is drawn up, to I exhibit the fcene of a cafeade, with a very muural reprefentation of ' n water-mill, and a bridge, with a mail coach, a Greenwich long I Sec. In ten minutes, it is down again, and the company I return to hear the remaining part of the concert. A glee and I catch, in three or four parts, are performed in the middle and at j tile end of the muhcai bill of fare, which always conlilfs of lix- i teen pieces. j In the grove, fronting the orchedra, tables and benches are I placed for the CGinpany, and, itill further from the orcheifra, is a pavi ion of the Compofite order, built for the late Prince of Wales. The afeent is by a double-fiight of Heps, Behind it i-s a drawing-room j to whicii is an entrance, from the outfide of the gardens, for the admittance of any of the royal family. The grove is illuminated by about, acoo glafs lamps, and a great number of variegated lamps are inteicperfed, which produce j a fine tffc(5l. I In cold or rainy weather the muhcal performance is in a rotundo. i This is 70 feet in diameter, and nearly oppofite the grand orclief- tra. Along the front, next the grove, is a colonnade, formed by a j range of pillars, under which is the entrance from the grove# Within this room, is the little orchdlra, la the centre of the rotundo hangs a glais chandelier. The roof is a dome, flated on ! the outfide. It is lb contrived, that founds never vibrate under it 5 I and thus the mufic Is heard to the greateft advantage. It is now j niide to reprefent a magnificent tent, the roof of which is of blue I and yellow filk in alternate (tripes : it feems to be fupported by zo U pillars J 21 S VxVUXHALL GARDENS. pillars, reprefentlng Roman fafces glit, and bound together by deep rofe-coloiired ribbands, with military trophies in the interval?'. The (ides of the tent being drawn up, and hanging in the form of fedoons, the rotundo has the beautiful appearance of a [lower gar* den 5 the upper part being painted all round like a fl Bagpipes and hautboys, ; 4. A bondre a? Charing Crofs, the Salitbury dage overturned, &c,; 5. Blindmaifs buff; 6. Leap fi og ; 7. I'he Wapping landlady, and the tars jud come adiore ; Skitdes. Proceeding forward we fee another range of prvilions, In a dif- ferent ityie, adorned with paintings, and forming an.>ther hde of the quadrangle. Theie are, i. The taking of P u'to Bello; 2. Mademoifeile Catherine, the dwarf ; 3, Ladies angling ; 4. Bird^- nediog; 5. The play at bobcr.erry ; 6. Faldafi’s cowairdice de~ tetded , 7. The b.id. family ; 8. The good family 3 9. The taking ct a Spa ifh regider-Ofip, in 3742. Next is a femlcircie of pavilions, with a temple and dome at each end. In liiecen re, is tlie entiance of an anti-room, leading to the Pdi'ct's Gallery, whicli was built in 1791, and is opened on mal- querade and gala nights only. It is near 400 leec long, and is D z adorned 2 . 2 ® VAUXHALL GARDENS. adorned, on each fide, by landfcapes in compartments, between paintings of double columns, encircled in a fpiral form by feftoens of flowers. At one end, is a fine tranfparency, reprefenting the Prince of Wales in armour, leaning againft his horfe, which is held by Britannia, while Minerva is holding the helmet, and Pru- dence fixing the fpurs 5 and Fame appears above, with her trum- pet, and a wreath of laurel. The anti-room, ere 5 fed in 1792, is fitted up all round with arabefque ornaments, on pannels of a white ground, between fluted pilafters, The remainder of the paintings in this range are, i. Bird- catching; 2. See-faw; 3. Fairies dancing by moonlight j 4. The milk maid’s garland ; 5, The kifs Ifolen. Here ends the boundary of the grove on this fide ; but, turning on the left, we come to a walk that runs along the bottom of the gardens ; on each fide of this walk are pavilions, and thofe on the left hand are decorated with the following paintings: i, A prince and princefs in a traineau ; 2. Hot cockles ; 3^ A gypf/ telling fortunes by the coffee-cups ; 4. A Chriftmas gambol; 5. Cricket. On the oppofite fide is a row of pavilions ; and, at the extremity of this walk, is another entrance, into the gardens immediately from the great road. At the other end of the walk, adjoining to the Prince’s pavilion, is a femicircle of pavilions ornamented with three Gothic temples. From the upper end of this walk, where we concluded ihe lift of the paintings, is a narrow vifta that runs to the top of the gardens: this is called the Druid’s or Lover’s Walk: on both Tides of it are rows of lofty trees, which, meeting at the top, and interchanging their boughs, form a fine verdant canopy. In thefe trees build a number of nightingales, blackbirds, thrulhes, &c. Vvdiofe fweet har- niony adds to the peculiar pleafure which thefe ihadcs sfiord. The anti-room runs acrofs one part of this walk. Returning to the loot where once ftood the ftarue of Handel, we may, by looking up the garden, behold a noble vifta, which is called the grand fouth walk, of the fame fize as that fe n at our firft en- trance, and parallel with it. It is terminated by a Gothic temple, which is opened on gala nights, and exhibits four illumin ued ver- tical columns, in motion, and, in the centre, an artificial loim-am : all which is eff'eiffed by veiy ingenious machinery. In the centre of the crofs gi'avel walk is a temple, the largeft of the kind in England, built in 1786, by Mr. Smith of Knigh.tibridge and brought irere in three pieces only, though the diameter is 44 feet, and the dome is fupported by eight lofty pillai s. On the right this walk is terminated by a fine Jtatue of Apollo; and, at the extremity on the left, is a painting of a ttonequany in the vicinity of Briftol. Prom our fituation to view this painting is another gravel walk that leads up the gardens, formed on the right fide by a wildcrncls, and on the left by rural downs, as they are termed, in the form of z Jong fquare, fenced by a net, with Utile eminences in it alter the manner VAUXHxVLL GARDENS. 221 manner of a Roman camp. There are likewiie feveral biifhes, from under which, a few years ago, fui 5 terraneous mafical founds were heard, called by fome the fairy mufic j which put many people in mind of the vocal foreif, or tliat imaginary being called the genius of the wood 5 but the damp of the eartii being found prejudicial to the indruments, this romantic entertainment cealed. The downs are covered with turf, and interfperfed with cyprefs, hr, yew, cedar, and tulip trees. On one of the eminences, is a iiatue of Milton, caft in lead by Rouhifac, but painted of a (tone colour. He is. fcated on a rock, idlening to fubterraneous harmony. Sweet mufiC breathe Above, around, or underneath, Sent by fome fpirit to mortals good Or th’ unfeen genius of the wood. Il P£NS 0 ?. 0 S 0 * Mod- of the walks fi om the boundaries of wildernehes compofed of trees which (lioot to a great height, and are all incioied by a rude, but fuitable fence, fomewhat in the Chinefe talte. A few years ago, a colonnade, which forms a fquare, was erefled In the walks round the orchedra. It is an admirable (helter from a fliowcr of rain. It coft 2000I. the expence of which was defrayed by aRidottoai Frefco. The roof, See, are richly illuminated, par«- ticularly on a gala night, when vipward of 14,000 lamps have been ufed in the gardens at one time. In a dark night tb,e illuminarlons are very beautiful, and cannot fail to pieafe every fufcepuble fpcflat-or ; hut in a moon-light night there is fomethmg which fo ftrongly afiefts the imagination, that any one who has read tlie Arabian Nights’ Entertainment, can. hardly fail to recollecl the magic repicfentations in that book. When the muhe is finidied, numbers of the company retire to the pavilions to lupper. To detain their vliitors, the proprietors have engaged a band of wind mirfic to continue playing in the grand orchdla, wrule, at intervals, a band of Savoyards, in a nnali move- able orciiedra, contribute aifo to enliven the feene. Not one of thde performers is permitted to take money, or any rcfrefhment, from^ the company. On gala nights, the band of the Duke of York’s regiment of guard s, dre(Ied in full utuform, adds, to the fpiendour o£ the gardens by the magnihcy James nr(f Duke of Chandos. The churcli, which is an elegant little fvruc- tiire, contains all that now remains of the magnificence of Canons. The body of it was built by the Duke, who would have ereCted a new tower alfo j but the parifibeners iiaving fold their bdis, in ex- pe8ation that this munificent nobleman would provide a new iet, his Grace took fiicli offence at this circiimftance, that he would proceed no farther in his defign than decorating the infide. 'I'he organ is placed at the eaft end of the clmrch, in a rccels behind the altar, and not much elevated above it ; it is viewed through an arch, I’upportcd by Corinthian columns, and forming an opening ever the communion table, which produces a fine efTe<5(. The ceding and walls are painted, by Laguerre, with various iitbjeHs fii^m the Old w H I- 233 and New Ti(l?.ment ; the Nativity, and a Dead Chrld:, on each fide of the altar, are by Belluchi 5 and, at the weft end of the chapel, is a gallery, which was erected tor the life of the Duke and his family. There is likewife an elegant chamber, comaining monuments of the Brydges family. PaOing through an antichamber, vyhich commu- nicates immediately with the church, it is approached by a Sight ot fteps, and immediately in view, at the entrance, appears the coiWy monument of The Grand Duke” and his firll two wives. Ss 0 Canons. WHITTON, a hamlet of the parifh of Twickenham, adjoining toHounflow Heath. Here Sir Godfrey Kneller, the celebrated painter, built a handfome lioufe, adorned with extensive plantations, which have been much enlarged and improved by tlie prefent pro- prietor, Samuel Prime, Efq-. In this Houfe Sir Godfrey a 61 ed as a Juftice of the Peace ; and here he died in 1717. The (fair- cafe was painted by Sir Godfrey himfelf, aifiided by Laguerre. In this ham- let are the villas of Col. William Campbell, Mr. Dermis, and George Goftling, Efq. refpe 61 ively called, Whitton Dean, Whittoa Farm, and Whitton Houfe. See the next Article. WHITTON PLACE, the feat of the late Sir William Cham- bers, Knight of the SwediOi Order of the Polar Star, was built by Arciubakl third Duke of Argyle. The fpot now occupied by ths pleafure* grounds confided partly of corn-deids, and partly of land taken from Hoimilow Heath. To this nobleman, we are princi- pally indebted for the introduclion of foreign trees and plants, that contribute fo eiTentially to the richnefs of colouring fo peculiar to our modern -landfcape j and, iu forming his plantations at Wliitton, he difplayed great elegance of tade, although the modem art of gar- dening was, at that time, in a date of infancy. He planted a great number of cedars, drs, and other evergreens, which now make a majedic and venerable appearance, and are feme of the fsned to be found in this country. Many of the cedars are In Mr. Goftling’a grounds, as well as die tower built by the Duke, which commands a profpefl of great extent. The cedars were planted in i7z.i., Ths girth of the larged is 10 feet 6 inches. He likewife built a noble confervatory, in which he formed one of the bed colleblions of ex- otics in England. Thefe are no longer to be feen j but of theP number and valucj fome idea may be conceived, v.?hen it is confidered that this very confervatory was fufFiClemiy large to be converted into an elegant villa, now the property of Mr. Golding. After the death of the Duke, this place had many proprietors. At lad it came into thepofieffion of Mr. Godling’s father, who converted the confervatory into a villa for himfelfj and h wing divided the plea- fure-grounds into two parts, fold the principal houfe, with the grounds allotted to it, to Sir William Chambers. In his improvements of this delightful fpot. Sir William appears to have had in view the decorations of an Italian villa. Temples^ datues, ruins, and antiques, are imerfperfed^ In one part appears the imitation of an ancient Roman bath 5 and^ in another, a modem X 3 temple 234 w I B temple of ^fculapiu?, ercfled in compliment to the Rev. Dr. WIN lis, to whofe Ikill, under the Divine BlefBng, we are indebted for the happy reitoration of our beloved Sov§reign, in 17S9. Over the door is tiie following infcription : J^ifcvlapio falv. avg. reftitvit Dcr. MDCCLXXXIX, WHITE PLACE, near Cookhani, in Berks, the feat of the Rev. Mr. Leyceder, is fituated ®n the fide of the Thames, commanding the moft pi£furefque views of woodland fcenery, along the oppolite fide of the river; enriched with the noble feats of Tapioe and H.d- Ibr. This houfe is finguiarly built of chalk, dug near the fpot ; not a fngle brick having been ufed in the whole ftru^Iure, except in the chimnies. It has been built more than eighteen years, during which time the various changes of weather do not appear to have af- fc61ed it in any material degree. WICKHAM, WEST, a parifh in Kent, between Croydoa and Bromley, containing two villages : the one, at a fmall diitance after Iiaving pafTed Wickham Green from Beckenham and the other, 5ibout a mile farther to the fouth. In the former is the feat of Richard Jones, Efq. In the latter are the church, and the ancient manor- licufe, called Weft Wickham Court, the property cf John Farnaby, Etq. In this houfe lived the celebrated Gilbert Weft, author of Obfervations on the RefiuTeCtion of Chrilt.” Here he devoted liimfelf to learning and piety;, and, heie,” fays Dr. Jobnion, he was very often vlfued by Lyitleton and Pitt, who, wiien they were weasy of faCtion and debates, ufed, at Wickham, to find bc>ok5 and quiet, a decent table,, and Uteiary couverration.''’ There is at Wickham a walk made by Flrt : and witat is cf more importance, at Wickham, Lyltletort received that convl6lion, that produced ins Diftertaticn on the Converfion and Apoftieiliip of Sr. Paul.” In a fummer-houfe, Mr. Well pHced the following infcription, in imi- tation of Aufonius “ Ad Viliam Not wrapt in fmoky London’s fulphurous clouds. And not far diltant, ftands my rural cot f Neither obnoxious to intruding crowds, Nor for the good and friendly too remote. A- d when too much repofe brings on the fpleen,- Or the gay city’s idle pleafures cloy ; Swift as my changing wifti, I change the feene, And now the country, now the town enjoy. WICKHAM, EAST, a village in Kent, ten miles from Lon- don, to the left of the road to Dover. Here is the handfome feat of J. Jones, Efq. WIDBURY HILL, near Ware, celebrated by Mr. Scott, for the profpe6l it commands. See AMWELL. WIDFORD, a' village in Herts, near Hoddefdon. In this parifli, on a iilil to theweft of the river Lea, are two burrows, fuppofed to kave been thrown up by Danes, in memory of fome battle. WILDER- w I M 235 WILDERNESS, near Sevenoaks, the fma!! feat and park of Earl Camden. WILLINGALE DOE and WILLINGALE SPAIN, two parifnes in Effex, between Chelmsford and Fineld j of which it is remarkable, that they have each a church, almofl clofe together, in one church-yard. WILLOWS, THE, in the hamlet of Dedworth, in the panfh of Windfor, the feat of Henry Townley Ward, Efq. on the fide of the Thames, two miles from Windfor, in the road to Maidenhead. It was built by Mr. Kimberley, by whom it is let to Mr, Ward, wlio has the eption to purchafe it, at a given price, at any time within his term. The hciife is fmall, and has but little ground attached to it j but it has been very much improved by Mr. Ward. What was formerly a moorilh iwamp, or offer beds, now forms a beautiful lawn. At a fmall diftance from this, is Bullock’s Hatch, another feat, the property of Mr. Ward, with a fmail farm which is conu iiected with the pleafure-grounds belonging to the Willows,, by a fubterraneoiis palTage under the high road. WTLTON PARK, the elegant feat of Mrs. Dupre, near-Bea» consfield in Bucks. It is built of Portland ftone, in a very beautL ful Gtuation. WIPvIBLEDON, a village in Surry, cn a fine heath, feven miles S. W. of London. The manor here, wdilch included that of Mort- lake, belonged formerly to the fee of Canterbury, and was exchanged by Abp. Cranmer, for other lands, with Henry Vill. We find it afterward fiiccdTively, by grant, fettkment, porcha%, or inheritance, the property or rehdence of Thorrsas Cromwel! Sarj of EiTex, Queen Catharine Farr, Sir Chriftopher Hatton, Sir Thomas Cecil, after- waid Earl of Exeter, of his father, the Great Lord Burleigh, when Sir William Cecil; Edward Cecil, Yifeount Wimbledon, Queen Henrietta Maria 3 General Lambert, the bunous parliamentary Ge- neral 5 Queen Elenrietta Maria, after the Rtftorarion ; George Digby Earl of Briffol ; the Duke of Leeds ; Sir Theodore janffen, Bart, and Sarah Diichefs of Marlborough. Her Grace pulled down the old manfion houfe (a magnificent ancient edifice, built in 15S8, by Sir Thomas Cecil), and rebiult it on the old iite, after a defign of the Earl of Pembroke’s. She left it to her grandfon John Spencer, Efq. wliofe fbn. the late Earl Spencer, formed here one of the finefl parks in Englar.d. It contains 1,200 acres, and is adorned with fine plmtatioiis, beautiful declivities, and a flieet of water, containing 50 acres. The eminences in this park prefent many varied and de- lightful poim:s of view— •Harrow-on-the-Hill, Highgate, the Me- tropolis (in v^h’ch may be dihinguiihed his Lordfhip’s houfe in the Green Park), Norwood, and Epiom Downs. No lefs than nineteen churches may be counted in this profpeci, exciuEve of thofe of Lon- don and Wdfminder. The houfe was burnt down in 1785; but fome of the offices, that were at a diltance from the houfe, ferve for the occafional refidence of his Lordfhip. On the eait fide of Wimbledon Gommonj is a feat, lately the pro- perty WIN 0,36 perty of M. de Calonne, Comptroller General of the Finances of France, before the Revolution in 17S9. The plantations, which contain upward cf 70 acres, join Lord Spencer’s 5 and M. de Ca- lonne, v/hen he pui chafed this place cf Benjamin Bond Hopkins, • Ffq. laid the foundation of a ball room and two tea rooms j hut he fold the ellate, in September, 1792, for 1 5,000!. to Eari Gower Sutherland. Near the church, is the elegant villa of William Beaumaris Ru/h, Efq. which has iikewife fine pleafure-grounds, commanding fome extenfive views. On the foiith fide of the Common, is a neat villa, the lefidence of the Countefs Dowager of Briftol ; and, next to this, is Wimbleton Lodge, a new?’ and elegant houfe, built by Gerard de Vifme, Efq. On the weft fide, are two good houfes, both in the oc- cupation of the Right Hon. Henry Dundas, and the pretty villa of Abraham Aguelar, E'q. In the lane leading to Kingfton is Prof- pe6l Place, the feat ot James Meyrick, Efq. adjoining to which is the handfoine villa of Samuel Cafteil, E'q. Both thefe have beautifiii pleafure-grounds, commanding delightful views of Epfom Downs- and all the country adjacent. There are feveral other good hcufss on the Common , particularly, thofe of John Horne Tocke, Elq. and Counfeliov Bray. The church was rebuilt (rbe chancd excepted), in 178S, and £tted up in the Grecian ftyle. The contr ibutions of the inhabitants, on this occafion, were fo bb' :ral, that the whole was completed, without the neceftity of recurring to Parliament, or to a brief j and it ought to be r;ecorded, to his hcnour, that Mr, Levi, the Jew, then of Profpe 61 Place, was one of the moft confidei able fubfcribers.^ At one corner of the church-yard, is a fepulchre of brick and Itone, for the family of Benjamin Bond Hopkins, Efq. The entrance, which is on the outfide of the church-yard, is by a flight of fteps into a funk area, fenced in by iron rails. We then enter an apartment, illumi- nated by the door, and a fmall w?indow on each fide, which are all grated j and oppofite rhe door are four rows of horizcmal niches, above each otlier, being 16 niches in the whole. Five ot tliefe are filled with each a relation cf Mr. Hopkins’ 5 and the entrance, ot courfe, is clofed up with marble, on which is infcrif'ed the name, &c. In the church-yard is the tomb of Jc hn Hopkins, Efq. cele- brated by Pope as ’Vulture Hcpkins : he died in 1732. At the S. W. angle cf Wimbledon Common, is a circular en- campment with a Tingle ditch, including a furtace of feven acres 5 the trench very deep and perfe6t. Camden is of opinion, that this was the file of a battle, in 568, between Ceaulin, King of the Weft Saxons, and Ethelbert, King of Kent, in which the latter was de- feated. On the fame common, near the village, is a well, the wa- ter of which is never known to freeze. At Wimbledon are the copper-mines of MefiT. Kenckell, Mr. Coleman’s calico printing manufa£lory, and Meffrs. Wall’s manu- faffory of japan ware. WINDSOR, NEW, a borough and market- town, iu Berks, 22 miles W I N 237 miles from London, utoate on the Tljames. In the grant of it to the monks of Wdlminfter, by Edward the Conlclfor, it is called Windieihora, which hgnifies a winding fiiorej and hence the deri=> vation of its prefent name. The Abbot of Weilminfter exchanged it with William I. for other lands, Edward L in 1276, made it a free borough, and rdiJcd here. Windfor foon became a place of great reOrt. The corporation coniists of a Mayor and 30 Brethren, 13 of whom are ftyled Benchers 5 and 10 of iheie Benchers have the title of Aldermen, out of whom the Mayor is annually chofen. The town is well paved and lighted, an a6l of Parliament, for that pur« pofe, having been obtained in 1769, Tae Guildhall is a brick ilrudure, with arcades of Portland ftone, eredted in 2686, In a niche, is the ilatue of Queen Anne, with an adulatory Latin inicrip- lion, in which the iculptor is told, that a refembiance of Anna is not to be given by his art 5 and that if he would exhibit her like- nefs, he muff attempt a goddefs^ In another mciie, is a flatue of her confort, Fnnce George ot Denmcirk, wuh a Latin infeription, in which he is ftyled a hero, whom future ages mull revere.’' The parifh church is a large ancient ftrudure. WINDSOR CASTLE, the moft delightful palace of our So- vereigns, was built by William the Conqueror, on account of its pleafant fituation, and as a place of fecumy. It was enlarged by Henry I. Our fucceeding monarchs refided in the fame caftle, till Edward TIL who was born in it, caufed the ancient building to be taken down (except the three towers at the weif end of the lower ward), ere< 5 led the prefent hately caftie, and Sr. George’s chapel 5 incloied the whole with a rampart of fton 5 and inftiiuted the Order of the Garter. The rebuilding of the caftle was principally under the dire^licn of William of Wykeham, afterward Bp. of Winchef- ter. Great additions were made to it by Edward IV, Henry VII, Henry VIII, Elizabeth, and Charles II. The laft entirely changed the face ot the upper courts enlarged the windows, and made them legular , richly furniflied the royal apartments 5 decorated them with paintings 5 and ere6fed a magazine of arms. He likewife en- larged the terrace walk, made by Qu^een Elizabeth on the north fide ofthecaiile, and carried another terrace round the eaft and fouth Tides of the upper courts. His prefent Majefty alfo has made many fine improvements. This caftle is divided into two courts or wards, with a large round tower between them, called the middle ward 5 the vv^hok containing about twelve acres of land ; and it has many towers and batteries. It is fiiuated upon a high hill, which rifes by a gentle afeent. On the declivity of this hill is the fine terrace, faced with a rampart of free-ftene, 1870 feet in length. It is one of the nobiefl walks in Europe, wdth refpeef to ftrength and grandeur, and the extenfive profpeil of the Thames and the adjacent countiy, eniiched with a variety of beautiful viUas. From the ten ace we enter the Little Park Windfor Little Park), adjoining which, and oppofite the fouth-eaft Tide of the Caftie, 238 wiNDScn castle. Caftle, are two neat modern-biiilt manfions ; the one named The Queen's Lodge," which is the royal rehdence 5 the other called The Lower Lodge," for the accommodation of the younger branches of the royal family. Beth thefe buildings are of brick faced with ftucco, with an einbattied coping. The garden is ele- gant. But to return to the Gaftle. The upper court is a fpaclous qua- drangle, containing, on the north fide, the royal apartments, and St.- George’s chapel and hall ; on the fouth and eaft iides, are the royal apartments, thofe of the Prince of Wales, and the great officers of ftate : and, in the centre of the area, is the datue of Charles If. with an infeription, celebrating as the beft of KingSy the tyrant in whofe reign a Ruifd and a Sidney fuffiered! Ihe Romid which forms the wed lide of this upper court, contains the Governor’s apartments. It is built on the highed part of the mount,, and there is an afeent to it by a flight of done deps. This mount is neatly laid out in doping walks round the hill, co- vered with verdure, and planted with fhrubs. The apartments command an extenflve view to London, and into the counties of Middlefex, Eflex, Herts, Bucks, Beiks, Oxfordfhire, Wilts, Hants, Surry, Sudex, Kent, and Bedfordfliire. In the guard-chamber is iiewn the coats of mad of King John of France and David King of Scotland, both pril'oners here at the fame timej and here is the foom in which Maiflial deBelleifle refided, when a prifoner, in 1744. The lower court is larger than the other, and is, in a manner, di- vided into two parts, by St. George’s Chapel, which Hands in the centre. On the north or inner fide, are the houfes and apartments of the Dean and Canons of St. George's Chapel, with thofe of the Minor Canons, Clerks, and other officers ; and, on the fouth and weft fldes of the outer part, are the houles of the Poor Kmghts of Windfor. In this court are alfo feveral towers belonging to the officers of the Crown, when the Court is at Windfor, and to the of- flcei s of the Order of the Garter. The royal apartments are on the north fide of the upper court, and are termed the Star building, from a ftar and gaiter in the mid- dle of the ftru6lure, on the ouifide next the terrace. The entrance into the apartments is through a veftibule, fupported by Ionic columns, with fome antique buftos in niches, to the great ftair-cafe, finely painted by ThornhiU with fu''je6is from Ovid. In the dome. Phaeton is reprefented defiring Apollo to grant Inm leave £0 drive the chariot of the fun. In large compai tmems, on the ftair- cafe, are the transformation of Phaeton's filters into poplars, and of Cycnus into a fwan. In feveral parts of the ceding are the flgns of the zodiac fupported by the winds, with balkets cf flowers beauti- fifliy difpofed : at the corners aie the four elements, each expreffid by a variety of figures. Auroia is reprefented wdth her nymphs in waiting, giving water to her horfes. In ieveivd parts of the ftair- cafe are the figures of Mufic, Pamting, and other fciences. The whole is beautifully difpofed, .and heightened with gold j a^nd from ymiysoTx castle. 23Q -'tills ftair-cafe Is a view of the back-ftairs, painted with the ftory of Meleager and Atalanta. We proceed through the aparments in the following order : Tbe ^eerCs Guard Chamber, furniflied with guns, piftols, beautifully difpofed in various f^orms. On the ceiling is Britannia in the perfbn of Catharine, confort to Charles II. feated on a globe, bearing the arms of England and Portugal, with Europe, Aha, Africa, and America, attended by deities, making their reipeblive offerings. On the outer part of this group ate the figns of the zo- diac ; and, in different parts of the ceiling, are Minerva, Mars, Venus, &c. Over the chimney is a portrait of Prince George of Denmark, on horfeback, by Dahl 5 with a view of (liipping, by Vandervelde. "The ^ee^t's Prefence Chafuber. Here Queen Catharine is repre- fented attended by Religion, Prudence, Fortitude, and other vir- tues: fhe is under a curtain fpread by Time, and fupported by Zephyrs, while Fame founds the happinefs of Britain : below, Juf- tice is driving away Envy, Sedition, Scc^ The room is hung with tapeffry, reprefenting the beheading of St. Paul, and the perfecution of the primitive Chriftians ; and it is adorned with the pi61ures of Edward III. and the Black Prince, both by Belcamp ; and of James I. by Vandyck. In tiiis room alfo are three of the cartoons of Raphael. Give me, fair Fancy, to pervade Chambers in pi61iir’d pomp array’d I Peopling whole dately wails I view The godlike forms that Rafiaele drew 5 I feeni to fee his magic hand Wield the wond’rous pencil-wand, Whofe touches animation give, And bid th’ infenfate canvafs live 5 . Glowdng with many a deed divine ' Atchiev’d in holy Paieftine, The Paflions feel its potent charm. And round the mighty mailer fwarm.” The hrft of thefe celebrated cartoons in the Sacrifice to Paul and Barnabas, at Lyllra 5 the fecond, the Miraculous draught of hlhes 5 the third, the Healing of the Cripple at the beautiful Gate of the Temple. The 0^ee?t"s Audience Chamber. The celling is painted with Bri- tannia in the perion of Q^een Cathaiine, in a car drawn by fwans to the temple of Virtue, attended by Flora, Ceres, &c. The canopy is of fine Englifli velvet, let up by Q^een Annej and the tapedry w'as made at Coblerstz, and preiented to Henry VIII. The pi 6 lures are, V/illiam and Frederic Henry, Princes of Orange, Honthorll j and the Queen of James I. Vanfomer. The Ball Room. On the ceiling Charles II. is reprefenred freedom to Europe^ by the figures of Perleus and Andromeda ; on the 240 WINDSOR CASTLE. the fhielcl of PeiTeiis is infcribed Perfeus Brtla^micuSi and over the head of Andromeda is written Eiiropa L 'lheratal Mars, attended by the ceitfttal deities, cffeis the olive branch. The tapeftry, which was made at Brufiels, and fet up by Charles II. repreferlts the twelve months of the year ; and the room is adorned with the following pi6lures r William Eari of Pembroke, Vanfomer ; St. John, after Corregio j Countefs of Dorfet, after Vandyck 5 Duchels of Rich- mond, Vandyckj a Madonna 5 and the Duchefs of Hamilton, Hanneman. l^he S^eerCs 'Dran.ving Room, On the ceiling is painted the Af- fernbiy ot the gods and goddefles. The room is hung with tapeftty, leprefenting the feafons of the year: and adorned with the pi6Iures of Judith and Holofernes, Guido; a Magdalen, Lely ; Henrietta, Duchefs of Orleans, in the chara6ler of Minerva; Lady Digby, wife of Sir Kenelm Digby, Vandyck; De Bray and his family, by himfelf ; Killegrew and Carew, Vandyck. In this room is a beau- tiful -clock by Vulliamy: the cafe, and iigures of Time clipping Cupid’s wings, are in an elegant-tafle. TPe s Bedchamber , The bed of (late indhls room was put up the Q^een : the infide, counterpane, and curtains, are of white fatin, embroidered with flowers, in the mofl exquiiite tafle, by Mrs. Wright and her alf.flants. It is laid to have coft 14,000!. The ceiling is painted with the flory of Diana and Endymion ; and the room is adorned with the piflure of her Majefty at full length, with ail her children in miniature, Weft; fix landlcapes, Zucca- relli ; and two Flower-Pieces. The Room of Beauties, fo named from the original portraits of fourteen of the moft celebrated beauties in the reign of Charles IF. ; viz. Mrs. Knot and Mrs. Lawfon, Willing; Lsdy Sunderland, Lady Rochefter, Lady Denham and her fdler, and Mrs. Middleton, Lely ; Lady Byron, Houfeman ; Dirchefs of Ricbinond, Counieis of Northumberland, Lady Gramont, Duchefs of Cleveland, and Duchefs of SomeiTet, Lely; and Lady Oflbry, Wifling ; with thir- teen portraits of ladies, after Vandyck, by Ruftel, The ^eens Th''effmg Room, Here is Anne, Queen to James I. ; and, in a clofet, is the banner of France, annually delivered on tiie lecond of Auguft by the Duke oi M'arlboiough ; the tenure by which he holds Blenheim Houfe. Epueen Elizabeth'' s, or the Pidure Gallery^ is adorned with the fol- lowing paintings: James I. Vanfomer; the Holy Family, after Raphael; Charles V. after Titian ; the OflFcrlng of the Wile Men, Paul Veronefe; the Mifers, Q^intin Matfys ; Perfeus and Andro- meda, Schlavone : Titian and a Senator of Venice, by Titian; Henry VIII. Holbein ; the Battle of Spurs ; two Italian Markets, Bomboccio ; a Converfation, Teniers ; Sir John Lawfon, Sir Chril‘- topher Minnas, Earl or Sandwich, Sir Thomas Allen, Sir William Penn, Si? George A - 1 oogh, Sir Thomas Tiddyman, Anne Duch- efs of York, Prince Rupert, Sir Jeremiah Smith, Sir Jofeph Jordan, Sir William Berkeley, Duke of Aibemaile, and Sir John Harman, WlNDSOTv CASTLE, 241 liely ; a Boy with Puppies, Murillo; our Saviour and St. Jolin,. Vandyck; Expedition of Henry VIII, to Boulogne ; St. Jofeph, Fetti ; a Man’s Head, Carlo Cignani j a Boy paring Fruit, Michael Angelo ; Men playing at Bowls, Teniers ; Afcenfion oi the Virgi?T, B^dfan ; Boors drinking, Tenters-; St. Charles de Borromeo, Fetti ; Angel and Shepherds, N. Pouflin ; Interview between Henry VIII. and Francis I. ; our Savioytr in the Garden, N. Pouflin ; Em- manuel Phiilibert Duke of Savoy, More ; Angel and St. Peter, Sreenwyck ; In ban Market, Pod; Marquis del Guafto and~Fa- rnily, after Titian ; and Rinaldo and Armida, Romanelli., iF>ueen Caroline' s China Clofet, filled with a great variety of curious china, elegantly difpoied ; and the whole room finely gilt and or- namented ; the piflures are, Prince Arthur, and his two Sillers, Children of Henry VII.' Mabufe; a Woman with a Kitten; and a Woman fquee^ing Blood out of a Sponge. In this clofet is alfo a fine amber cabinet, prelenied to Q^een Anne by Dr. Robiiifon, Bp. of London. The King's Chfet. The ceiling is painted with the dory of Ju- •piter and Leda. The pi6tures are, Anne Duchefs of York, the Princefs Mary, andjvdary Duchefs of York, Lely; a Man’s Head, Raphael ; St. Catharine, Guido; a Woman’s Head, Parmegiano ; two Landfcapes, Brueglrd ; a Landfcape, Teniers ; Thomas third Duke of Norfolk, Holbein ; Holy Family, Vaniideri^; Luther, HaL bein ; Eralmus, Fens j Queen Henrietta, Vandyck ; the Creation, Brueghel. The. King's Drejfing Room. On the ceiling is the (lory of Jtipiter and Danae. The piflures are Prince Geo'ge of Denmark, KneU ler; a Masdcilen, Dole! ; two Views of Wsndfor Callle, Wofter- man ; a Man’s Flead, Da Vinci ; a Landfcape, Wouvermar-s; Nero depofiting the aflirs of Britannicus, Le Suer ; Countefs of DeL mond, who lived 150 years, wanting 3. ftw days, Rembrandt ; a Fairiei’s Shop, Wouvermans ; a Youth’s Head, Holbein; Charles H. RulTel ; Herod'.as’ Daughter, Dolci ; an Old Man’s H-ad, HcL bein ; James Duke of York, Kiiflcl ; Qmeen of Charles II. Lely, The King's Bed Chafnber is hung with tapellry, reprefenting t|ie (lory of Hero and Leander : the (fate- bed is of rich flowered velvet, made in Spitalbelds, by order of Q^een Anne; and, on the ceiling, Charles II. is reprefented in the r‘obes of the Garter, under a canopy fupported by Time, Jupiter, and Neptune, with a wreath of laurel over his head; and attended by Eiii-ope, Aha, Africa, and Ame- rica. The paintings are Charles II. when a boy, in armour, Van- d^ck ; and Henry Duke of Gloucefler. The King's Dra^jwg Room. The ceiling Is painted wkh Charles II. riding in a triumphal car-, drawm by the horfes of the Sun. at«. tended by Fame, Peace, and the polite arts ; Hercules ds ivLng away Rebellion, Sedition, and Ignorance; Britannia and Neptune payijii obedience to the Monarch as he paffes. In the other parf^ tf the ceiling are painted the Labours of Hercules, The pi^h.ues are, a converted Chinefe, Kneller ; a Magdalen, Young Pabna g thf Ro, 242 WINDSOR CASTLE, man Charity; St. John; St. Stephen fioned ; St. Peter, St. James^ and St. John, Michael Angelo Caravage ; Cupid and Pi’yche, Dahl j Endymion and Diana, Genario j Harveft, BafTan ; our Saviour be- fore Pilate, Schiavone; Martha and Mary, from BatTan ; a Shepherd and Shepherdefs, Genario; Danae, Ditto; and Vtnus turned Pain, ter, a Copy. The King''! Public Dining Room. The ceiling reprefents the Ban. quet of the Gods. The pi6Iures are, Hercules and Omphale, Ce. phalus and Procris, the Birth of Venus, and Venus and Adonis, Genario; a Naral Triumph of Charles II, Verrio; theMarriage of St. Catharine, Danckers; Nymiphs and Satyrs, by Rubens and Snyders; Hunting the Wild Boar, Snyders; Still Life, Kalf ; the Taking of Bears, Baffan ; a Bohemian Family, by Purdicni ; Di- vine Love, Bagl oni ; Lacy, a Comedian, in three Charaffers, Wright ; a Sea Piece ; Diana; a Family Singing by candle-light^ Honthorif ; a Japan Peacock ; the Cocoa Tree; Archite6fure and Figures. The beautiful carving of this chamber is by Gibbons. The King's Audience Chamber. On the ceiling is reprefented the re-eftabliihment of the Church of England at the Reftorailon, in the chara6lers of England, Scotland, and Ireland, attended by Faith, Hope, Charity, and the Cardinal virtues; Religion triumphiRg over Superftition and Hypocrify, who are driven by Cupids from before the church. This room is decorated by the mafterjy hand of Weft. The pi6lure, over The door, is the Surrender of Calais. The companion to this is the Entertainment given by Edward to his Piifoners, in which the brave Euftaoe de Ribaiimont, who en- gaged the King, unknown, in Tingle combat, during the fiege of Calais, is introduced. The King makes himfelf known, and is in the ail of nobly rewarding the valour of his enemy with a crow-n of pearls, and, at the fame inftant, granting him his liberty. Under this piilure is the third, repreftnting the palfage of the Somme, near Abbeville, in which Edward is oppofed by Godemax de Faye, General of King Philip. The fourth is the Interview between the King and his viilorious Son, the Black Prince, after the battle of Crefty. The monarch is tenderly embracing his fon, who looks with attention on the flain King of Bohemia, lying at his feet. The condu6l of this monarch (who was ahnoft blind with age) and of his noble attendants, was truly heroic. They agreed, to prevent being ftparaied, to tie their horfes’ bridles together, and to conquer or die; and, in this fitua- tion, the attendants were found, the next morning, near the body of their brave old King. The fifth is the vi6lory of Poitiers, in which the Black Prince is repiefented receiving as c^tives the French King John, and his youngell Ton Philip. The fixth is the firft Inftallation of the Garter, in St. Georges’s Chapel. The Bps. of Winchefter and Salifbury are performing the fervice, and the King, Queen, and Knights, kneeling round the altar. In the gallery appear the King’s children, the captive Kii^ WINDS'OR CASTLE. 243 cf Scotland^ the Bp. of St. Andrew’s, French prlfoners and fpe6la« tors. In the foie ground aie two of the Poor Knights of Wind- for, kneeling; behind them two Foreign AmbalLdors ; and, be- hind thefe, is the portrait of Mr. Weft himfclf, &c. The I’eventh, over the other door, is the battle of NevIPs Crcfs, near Durham, where Queen Philippa, in the abfence of theKmg, takes the command of the army, and defeats, and makes priioner^ David King of Scotland. Over the chimney is the hidory of St. George. The King's prafence Chamber IS hwng with tapeftry, containing the Hiltory of Q^een A'haliah. On the ceiling, Meicnry is re- prefented with' anorig nal portrait of Charles II. which he Ihews to the four quarters of the world, introduced by Neptune; Fame declaring the glory of that Prince, and I'lme driving away Re- bellion, Sedition, Over the canopy is Jidfice, Ihewing the arms of Britain to Thames and the river nymphs^ At the lower end Is Venus in a marine car, drawn by tritons and fca-nymphs* The paintings are,. Duns Scotus, Spagnolet j, Peter I, of RulTia^ Knelier; Prometheus, Young Panna and the other four Car- toons of Raphael. The hi it h the death of Ananias ; the fecond, St* Paul preaching totheAthenians ; thethird, Chriil deliveringtheKeyj to Peter ; the fourth, Elymas, the Sorcerer, itruck with Hiindnefs. Thefe Inellimahle cartoons had remained in Flanders, from rl.e time that Pope Leo fent them thither to be copied in tapedi y | the money for the tapeilry having never been paid. They were purchafed by Charles I. at the recommendation of Rubens. At the fale of the Royal pi< 5 lures, in 1653, they were purchafed forr ^ool. by Cromwell, againft whom no one would bid. He pawned them to the Dutch Court for upward of 50,000]. j and, alter ^be revolution,^ King William brought them again to England,, and built a gallery for their reception in Hampton Court. ^he King's Guard Cha/nber 3 a noble room, in which are thoufands of pikes, pidols,, guns,, bayonets, &c. difpofed in colonnades, pil- lars, and other devices, by Mr. Harris, then mafter- gunner of this caftie ; the perfon who invented this beautiful arrangement of arms, and placed ihofe in the armory in the Tower: of London. The ceiling is finely painted in water colours i in one circle is Mars and Minerva, and in the other Peace and Plenty. In the dome is alfo a reprefentation of Mars. The pictures are,. Charles XI. of. Sweden, on hoiTeback, Wyck ; and eight paintings of battles and fjeges, Rugendas. At an inltalhtion, the Knights of the Garter^ dine here in great ftate, in the abfence of the Sovereign. St. George's Hall is fet apart to the honour of the Order ofthcr Garter, and is one of the nohleft rooms in Europe. In the ceiling, Charles IT. is reprefented in the habit of the, Order, attended by En- gland, Scotland, and Ireland ; Religion and Plenty hold the crown over his head ; Mars and Mercury, with the emblems of war and peace, hand on each hde. Regal Goveinment is upheld by Reli-. gion and Eternity, with Judice attended - by^F.ortitude, ,Tempe-- *244 WINDSOR CASTLE. ranee, and Prudence, beating down Rebellion and Fa£llon, To- ward the throne is reprefented, in an o61agon, St. George's Crols, tncircled with the Garter, vvithin a glory fupported by Cupids, with the motto, Honi foit qui maly penfe'y the Mules attending in full conceit. On the back of the throne is a large drapery, on which is painted Sr. George and the dragon, as large as the life; and on the lower border of the drapery is inferibed J/’eniendo rejlltuit remy in allufion to William III, who is pain’ed in the habit of the Order, fitting wilder a royal canopy, by Kneller. To the throne is an afeent of five marble fteps, to which the painter has added five more, done with fuch perfc<5Iion as to deceive the fight. This noble room is io2 feet long ; and the whole north fide is taken up with the triumph of Edward the Black Prince, after the manner of the Romans. At the upper part of the hall is Edward HI, the founder of the Order, feated on a throne, receiving the Kings of France and Scotland prifoners : the Black Prince is feated in the middle of the procefiion, crowned with laurel, and carried by iiaves, preceded by captives, and attended by the emblems of Vic- tory, Liberty, and other infignia of the Romans, with the banners of France and Scotland difplayed. The painter has indulged his fancy, by clofing the procefiion with the fiction of the Gountefs of iiai ibury, in the perfon of a fine lady making garlands for the Prince, and the reprefentation of the Merry Wives of Windfor,— In this lad, he has humoroufiy introduced hinnfelf in a black hood and fearlet cloak. At the lower end of the hall is a noble mufic-gallery, fupported by fiaves larger than the life, in proper attitudes, faid to reprefent a father and his three Tons, taken prifoners by the Black Prince. Over this gallery, on the lower compartment of the ceiling, is the Collar of the Order of the Garter .fully difplayed. The painting of (his room was by Verrio. St. Gforge^Sf or the King's Chafely On the celling is reprefented the Afceniion ; and the altar-piece is adorned with a painting of the Lafi: Supper. On the north fide of the chapel is the reprefentation of the Kefuneflion of Lazarus, and other miracles, by Verrio; and in a group of fpciflators, the painter has introduced his own effigy, vvith tl)ofe of Sir Godfrey Kneller, and Mr. Cooper, who affilted him in thefe paintings. Tlie eaft end of the chapel is taken up With the clofets belongingto his Majefty and the Royal Family. The carved work is done by Gibbons, in lime-tree. From this chapel we are condu6Ied to the tween's Guard Cham^ hery the fiifi room we entered ; for th s is the lait of the liaie apn t- ments at prefent ffiewn to the piihlic, the others being only opened when the court refides at Windfor. They cunfifi of many beauti- ful chambers adorned vvith paintings by the greateft mailers. • In paffing hence, we look into the inner or horn couit, lb called from a pair of ftags horns of a very exti aordinary fize, taken in the fordf, an,d fet up in that court, which is painted in biO!#e and ilone clsTtsr. 245- ffdne colour. On one fiJe is reprefented a Roman battle, and on the oppoliie fide a fea-figlit, with the images of Jupiter, Neptune, Mercury, and Pallas j and in the gallery is a reprel’entation ©t Da- V'id playing before the ark. From this court a flight of ftepa leads to the King's Guard Cham^ - and, in the cavity under tbefe fteps, and fronting this court, is a figure of Hercules alfo in a ftone colour. On a dome over the fteps is painted the battle of the Gods ; and, on the Tides of the flair-cafe, is a reprefen cation of the Four Ages of the World, and two Battles of the Greeks and Romans in frefco. Stu Oeurge's Cbapeh or the Collegiate Clmrcby already mentioned as fituate in the middle of the loWer court of the Caflle, mult not be confounded with St, George'* or the King'^s Chapd, in the Caflle. It is a beautiful ftru6lure, in the purefl ftyie of Gothic archite6fure, and was firfl erected, by Edward III, in 1377, for the honour of the Order of the Garter. But however noble the firfl defign, Ed« w^rd IV^ not finding it entirely completed, dehgned and under- took the prefent flruclure, The work was carried on by Henry VII. who finiflied the body of the chapel j and Sir Reginald Bray, K» G. afiifled in ornamenting tlie chapel and completing the roof. The archite6lure of the infide has ever been efteemed for its great beauty j and, in particular, the ftone roof is reckoned ■ an excellent piece of wovknvanfhip. It is an ellipTis fupported by Gothic pillars^ whofe ribs and groins fuftain the whole roof, every part of which has fome different device well finifhed, as the arms- of feveral of our kings,. great families, &c. On each fide of the choir, are the flails of the Sovereign and Knights of the Gai ter, with the helmet, mantling,, creft, and fword of each Knight, fet up over his flail, on a canopy of ancient carving curioufly wrought. Over the canopy is affixed the banner of each Knight blazoned on fiik, and on the back of the ftails are the titles of the Knights, with thsir arms neatly engraved and blazoned on copper. The Sovereign’s flail, on tne right hand of the entrance into the choir, is diflinguiihed by rich ornaments. The Prince’s ftrdl is on the left,, and has no diflrii6lion from rhofe of the reft of the Knights 5 the whole lociety, according ro the ftatutes of the inftitution, being companions, equal in honour and power. In aA'auit under this choir are interred Henry VIII, his Qmeen Jane Seymour, Charles I, and a daughter of Q^een Anne. In the’ S. aide, near the door of the choir, is buried Hanry VI 5 and Ed-» ward IV is interred in- the N. aifle^ Let fofter ftrains ill-fated Henry mourn, And pabns eternal fldurifh round his urn. Here o’er the martyr-king the marble weeps> - And, ^afl befide him, once- fear'd Edward deeps. Whom not extended Albion could contaiijy From old Bdcrium to the northern unain, Y 3 TMc 246 WINDSOR CASTLE. The grave unites ; where cv’n the Great find reft, And blended lie th’ oppreflor and th’ oppreih P0PE» In 1789, the workmen employed in repairing the church, difeo- vered the vault of King Edward. The body, inclofed in a leaden and wooden coffin, meafuting fix feet three inches in length, ap- peared reduced to a fkeieton. The bottom of the coffin was co- vered with a muddy liquor, about three inches deep, of a ftrong faline tafte. Near this was a wooden coffin Ibppofed to have con- tained the body of his Q^etn, who died three years after the K'ng, iii confinement, at Bermondfey Abbey, and is fuppofed to have been fecretly interred. On the fides of this vault weie inferibed, in' chara and many pleafant villages. The town, named Okingham, or Wo- kingham., is nine miles from Windior. Among the villages are Eait Hamiled, the birth. place of Fenton, the poet, celebrated as a valuable coadjutor of Pope’s, in his trandation of Homer. Near this, is a Roman camp, called Csefar’s Camp, Eafl of this is Sun- ning Hill, noted for its mineral waters. But the glory of Windfor Foreft is Birsfield, near Okingham, where Pope fpent his youth! ul days, and vi^here he compoled his Windfor Forest. Oa one of the trees, in a wood, in this paiidi, is cut this infeription HERE POPE SUNG. Although much of the foil in Windfor Fo»"en; is barren and un% cultivated, it is finely divei {ihed with hills, vales, and woods, inter- ipe.rled with channing feats and elegant villas; and it may be truly laid 250 w o o faid to poffefs thofe fylvan beauties which in\riud Pope to make it the rubje6l of his youthful niufe. Sse St, Leonard's HiU, Ne-vj Lodge ^ and Siophla Farm, WINDSOR, OLD, a village on the Xhames, between N- Windlor and Eghaiu, adorned with feveral handlbme Villas 5 paiti- cularl) Lord Walfinghani’s, at the foot oF Prieii’s Hill j The White HouFe, the propejty of W'dliam Pitt,-Erq. of Eton,, and refidence of Rice James, Efq. ; Pelling Place, the feat of James Bonnel, Elq. 5 ihe elegant honfe and grounds of Mrs. Hammeriley ; Crawley Houle, the feat of Henry lilierwool, Efq. 5 and Clay Hall, the neat cot- tage of Mrs. Keppel, and rehdence of Sir Henry W. Dalhwood, Baj t. See Beaumont Lodge and Gronje Houfe, WOBURN FARM, the feat and beautifully ornamented farm of the Hon. Mr. Petse, near Weybridge in Surry, was lately in the occupation of Lord Loughborough- It contains 1 50 acres, of which 35 are adorned to the higlieit degree ^ of the reft, two. thirds are in paiture, and the remainder in tillage. The decorations are communicared, however, to every part 5 for they are difpoftd along the fides of a walk, which, with its appendages, forms a broad belt round the grazing grounds, and is continued, though on a more contra< 5 Ied fcale, through the arable. This walk is properly a gar- den} all within it is a farm. Thefe enchanting feenes were formed by the late Philip Southcote, Efq. and exhibit a beautiful Ipecimen of the ferme ornee., of which he was the introducer, or rather ini*^ ventor 5 and him, theiefore, the Poetical Preceptor of Erglifh Gar* dening thus apoftrophizes ; On thee too, Southcote, fhall the Mufe beftow No vulgar praife ; for thou to humbleft things Coiilft give ennobling beauties : deck’d by thee,. The ftmple farm eclips’d the garden’s pride, -Ev’n as the virgin blufh.of innocence The harlotry of art., Mas^qW*. WGGDGOTE,^ now only a ftngle farm-houfe, in the parifh of Beddington, is fuppole^d to have been a Reman ftation, from many remains of antiquity found here. Camden, and other antiquaries, contend, that this was the city of Noviomagus, mentioned by Pto- lemy } which others maintain to have been in Kent. WOODFORD, a village, eiglvi milesTrom London,. in the road to Epping, has fome agreeable villas on each fide of the road, wdiich command fine profpe6ls over a beautiful country. The moft worthy of notice are, Woodford Hall,, clofe to the church, the feat of John Goddard, Elq. } Prof}>e6f Houfe, the property of J. Pro6Ior, Elq. and the houfes of Job Mathew, and Robert Prefton, Efqrs. Higham Hall, the elegant feat, late of Governor Hornby, but now of John Harman, Efq. is fituatcd between Woodford Hall and Prolpe6l Houfe, but is in the parifh of Walthamftow. A mineral Ipring, which rifes in the foreft, at a little diftance from the Horfe and Groom, was formerly in great repute, and much company relorted o O' 251 to ^rmk tke waters, at a hoiife of public entertainment called Wood^ ford Wells j but the waters have have long loft their reputation 5 Tmd the houfe, converted into a private one, is now the property ot Henry EggerSj Efq. » In the church yard is an elegant monument to the memory of fome "of the family of Sir Eduuindtbury Gedfrcy, whofe murder excited fuch agitation in the reign of Charles II. (See Primrofe Hill) and of whom it ought to be recorded, that in the great plague, in 1665, be endangered his life for the good of his fellow-citizens, by re- maining in Eoudon, and faithfully difeharging his duty a»a magif» tiate. This monument was defigned by Sir Robert Taylor, ^ It is a Corinthian column : the Oiaft, of coloured maible, was brought from Italy j the bale and capital are of white marble ; and the whole coil 1500I. in the church-yard is a yew-tree, fuppofed to be the iineft in England, See Metis, WOGDFORD-BRIDGE, a village in the fame parlfh, nine, Wrles from London, in the road to Chipping Gngar, is fituated on an eminence, forming a pl6lurefque appearance^ Near the bridge, over the Roding, is a pump of excellent water, brought hither, in 1776, at a great expence, by the proprietor of the eftate, for the ac- commodation of the poor inhabitants 5 and not far from this is a manufa^loi'y of artificial ftone. In this village is Ray Houfe, the feat of Sir James Wright, Bai t, and a pretty villa, built by Cselar ^Corfellis, Efq, WOGDLAND HOUSE, the villa of John Julius Angerftein, Efq. on the north fide of Blackheath, toward Charlton, It is faced with a beautiful ftucco. The front, which has a handfome portico, is enriched by a niche on each fide, containing elegant ftatues, re- prefenting the young Apollo and the Dancing Fa^yn, Immediately over each niche is a circular ha fib- relievo, with a femicircuiar win- dow in the centre. The gardens communicate with a paddock, and command the fame beautiful profpe6l as Weftcomb Park, of Shooter’s Hill and the Thames. WOOLWICH, a market-town in Kent, nine miles from Lon- don, is fituated on the Thames, and is famous for its fine dock^ and yards, (where men of war are built, and the largeft have, at all times, itifiicient depth of water) as aUb for its vaft magazines of guns, mortars, bombs, cannon-balls, and other military ftores. In the lower part of the town, is the Warren, where upward of 70C0 pieces cf ordnance have been laid up at one time. Here alfo is the houfe where bombs, carcafes, and grenades are prepared. In this town Is a royal military academy, in which young officers, called Cadets, are inftru6led in fortification. The church was rebuilt in the reign of Qiieen Anne, as one of the 50 new churches. For fome years paft, two or three hulks have been moored offi this town, for the reception of convi6ls, to the number, fometimes, of -400. It is remarkable, that part of this parifh is cn the Efiex fide of the Thames (where there was once a cliapel, and where now ftands '^52 Y 6 V ftands a houfe called “ The Devil's Houfe,”) and is included m Kent. WORMLE^" BURY, the feat of Sir Abraham Hume, Bart, in the pariOi of Wormley, near Chelliunt. WOTTON, a village in Surry, to the S. W. of Dorking. Here is the feat of the family of Evelyn, ever fince the reign of Elizabeth. It was the favourite retreat of that great philofopher John Evelyn, Efq. till he went to Says Court, in Deptford. Ii is now the feat of his great great-grandfon, Sir Frederick Evelyn, Bart. VVRAYSBURY, a village of Buckinghamniire, fituated on the Thames, oppofite Egham. In this p'arifli is Charter Iflaiui, in which Magna Charta was figned. Anker--Wjkxi Houfe and Runny Mead. WROTH AM, a market-town in Kent, 24I miles from Lon- don, has a large church, in which are 16 Italls, fiippofed to have been made for the clergy, who attended the Archbiihops of Canter- bury, to whom the manor formerly belonged, and who had a palace here,^till Abp. Klip, in the fonrttenth century, puUed it down, at.d built another at Maidftone. Several pieces of antiquity have been dug'up here, particularly fome military weapons. WROTHAM PARK, in the pariHi of KadleN^ in Mlddlefex, the magnificent feat of George Byng, Efq. was built by his great tmcle, Admiral John Byng. The views fi om the houfe and park are very fine. Theeflate probably took its name from the town of Wrotham, in Kent, where the family had been fettled upward of soo years, before John Byng, Efq. father of George fiifl Vifcount Torriiigton, difpofed of the family eftale in that place. Y, Y ORKE ROUSE, the feat of Lieut. CoL Webber, at Tw^cken- ham. It was for many years the property and fummer refidence of Lord Chancellor Clarendon. YOUNGSBURY, the feat, late of David Barclay, Efq. and now of Robert Child, El^. near Wade's Mill, to the north of Warct THE END. T. GlUet, Printer, Salifbury-fquare. iiiiiiiMtiiiti ' s ' ’ ■ ;-/.ec;if#'w '■.'’V'-V.'' c pec^icAX.