Fsj -n lyjr e«Cw 4 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/deliciaebritanniOObick DelicijE Britan Nic^Ej OR, THE CURIOSITIES O F Hampton-Court and Windfor-Caftie, DELINEATED; WITH OCCASIONAL REFLECTIONS; And embellifh’d with Copp er-Plat es of the Two Palaces, B Y GEORGE BICKHAMj jun. The Whole attempted with a View, not only to en- gage the Attention of the Curious $ but to inform the J udgments of thofe, who have but the leaft Tafte for the Art of Painting. Utile dulci. — — Hor. He , and He only aims aright , mo joins Injiruftion with Delight . LONDON: Printed, and Sold by T. Cooper, at the Globe in Pater-No- Jler-Rom G* Bickham, jun. in U y Buildings, Bedford - Court , Covent-Garden i ana by molt. bookleileis in London and Weftmmfler : As alfo, at the Mcufe, rear Hampton- Court , and at (he Royal - Standard, near Winder - CajUe. Price bound is. 6 d. M # D.CC,XL11. v 3 3 I Z Z A T I il H a ■ . a ' ■ T ■ o V t 4 i • : f ; \ ! 4 , j fc v. ■# *• -4» ••«*■•■’ % <> • - . ' :• :■( ■ ■ ■ .. .. A ■ ,11- -- !. ';J\ 3L' i * , THE PREFACE S the principal Defign of the following Treatife is to fet the beji Pieces of the bcfi Pain- ters in the faireft and molt advantageous Point of Eight, We flatter ourfelves, that fome few previous RefleBious on the Nature and Beauty of that Art, in which they fo happily excell’d, will be thought no im- proper, or difagreeable Amufement. Among all the curious and delightful Arts, that of Painting ( fays Monjkur de Files, who was a Ccmoijjeur, and a famous French Writer) has always met with the moil Admirers; iufomuch, that the Num- A 2 ber iv Jhe PREFACE. bcr of them almolt includes all Mankind. And among!! thefe, there are Multitudes daily found, who value themfelves on the Knowledge of it either, becaufe they frequently are admitted into the Converfa- tion of fome of the bell Painters, who have expatiated on the Beauties of their Pro- leilion ; or, becaufe they have had an Op- portunity of feeing fome of the moll accu- rate Performances in that Way ; or lailly, becaufe their Talle is by Nature good. That Knowledge of theirs, however, (if it may with Propriety be fo call’d) is fo very fuperhcial, and fo ill-grounded, that they are altogether incapable of giving any tolerable Defcription of thofe particular Touches, wherein the Beauty of thofe Works, with which they arefo highly trans- ported, principally conlilts ; or to account for the Errors and Imperfections of the greater Part of thofe, which they too par- tially cenfure and condemn. The Art of Painting has likewife been difplay’d, in a very pompous Manner, by one Bellori, an ingenious Italian Writer, and an accurate Judge, but as he who reads his Dilfertation, with any Degree of Plea- fure, mull have a Tafte for the Philofo- The PREFACE. v phy of ?lato, we fhall purpofely wave it, as being agreeable, comparatively fpeak- ing, but to a very few. Without having Recourfe, however, to any fuch abltrufe Speculations, we may en- tertain a juft Idea enough of the Perfec- tions of Painting, not only from thofe nu- merous Qualifications, which are abfolutely necefl'ary to form a skilful Profeflbr, but from the uncommon Honours that have been paid to the Art , by the greateft Mo- narchs in all Ages. The Accomplifhments then, which are properly requir’d, are thefe that follow. ift, A good 'Judgment, that he may do nothing againtf Reafon, and Veriiimility, or a Conformity to Truth. adly, A double Mind, that he may pro- fit by Intfrudfions, and receive, without Arrogance, the Opinion of every one, and principally of knowing Men. 3dly, A noble Heart, that he may propofe Glory to hnnielf, and Reputation, rather than Riches. A 3 4thly VI The PREFACE. 4thly, A Sublimity , and Reach of Thought , to conceive readily, to produce beautiful Ideas ; and to work on their Subjefls nobly, and after a lofty Manner, wherein we may obferve fomewhat, that is delicate, ingenious and uncommon. Jthly, A warm and 'vigorous Fancy, to ar- rive, at lealt, to fome Degree of Perfec- tion, without being tir’d with the Pains and Study, which are requir’d in Pain- ting. dthly. Health , to refill the Diffipation of Spirits, which are apt to be con fum’d by unwearied Diligence, and conftant Appli- cation. ythly, Youth, becaufe Painting requires a great Experience, and a long Practice. 8thly, Beauty, or Handfomcncfs, becaufe a Painter delineates himfelf in all his Pic- tures; and Nature loves to produce her own JLikenefs. pthly, A convenient Fortune, that he may give his whole Time to Study, and may work chearfully, without being haunted with the The PREFACE. vii the dreadful Image of Poverty, ever prefent to his Mind. iothly, Labour, becaufe the Speculation is Nothing without the Practice. i ithly, A love for his Art. We Puffer no- thing in the Labour, which is pleafing to us : Or if it happen that we fufter, we are pleas’d with the Pain. And Laftly, To be under the Difcipline of a know- ing Mafter, &c. becaufe all depends on the Beginnings ; and becaufe, commonly the Scholar takes the Manner of his Mafter, and is form’d according to his Guflo. If then, fo many noble Qualities, as are here enumerated, are requilite for the At- tainment of this Angle Art, Purely he mult be infenfible, that is not touch’d with its Beauties. The Charms of Painting will further ap- pear, if we coniider the Advantage it has over all other Arts, and the Honours that have in ail Ages been paid to the Profef- iors of it. Tho 5 viii ^PREFACE. Tho’ Poetry, ’tis true, is her Sifter-Art, yet even She, with all her Allurements, can- not ftand in Competition with her. For herein, her Superiority conlifts, that a- mongft io great a Diverfity of Languages, fhe makes herfelf underftood by all the Na- tions of the World • and, that ihe is necef- fary to all other Arts, becaufe f the need which they have of demonfttative Figures, which often give more Lignt to the Under- ftanding, than the cleareft Difcourles we cau make : Horace , in his Art of Poetry, fays. Hearing excites the Mind by flow Degrees ; Ihe Man is warm’d at once by what he fees . This Art, moreover, by its Altar-pieces, and other beautiful Decorations, has been very ferviceable to Religion iti'elf, and has made ftronger Impreffions on the Mind, than the moft elaborate Difcourles. Gre- gory of Nice, alter having made a long, and beautiful Dcfcription of Abraham’s Obla- tion of his Son Ifaac, concludes in the fol- lowing Terms. “ I haw eften cafl my Eyes “ upon a Picture, which nprefnts this moving “ ObjeB, and could never withdraw them with- “ out Tcqrs. So well did tlx picture reprejent “ the The PREFACE. k “ the Thin? itself, even as if the Action were “ then pajjtng before my Sight. We lhall now conclude with Hie wing what Teftimonies ot Re! peed and E dee in were paid the ancient Painters, by Perlons t>l the higheit Diftin&ion. The greateft Lords, whole Cities, and their Magiltrates ol old, (lays Pliny) took it for an Honour to obtain a Picture from the Hands of the antient Painters. And in the ioth Chap of his 35 th Book, he informs us, that it was by the Authority ol Alexander himfelf, that the young Gentlemen at Sicy- cn, and afterwards throughout all Greece , learnt, before all other Things, to Defign upon Tables of Boxen-wood ; and that the firlt Place among all the liberal Arts was given to Painting. Demetrius gave inconteftable Proofs of his uncommon Regard for the Profeffors of Pain- ting, even when he was beiieging the City oi Rhodes : For he was pleas’d to employ fome Part of that Time, which he ow’d to the Care of his Arms, in vifiting Protogenes , who was then drawing the Picture of falyfus. This July fus (as Pliny allures us) hindred De- metrius mtrius from taking Rhodes , for fear he fhould burn the Pi&ures; and not being able to take the Town on any other Side, he was pleas’d to fpare the Painting, rather than take the Vi£k>ry, which was already in his Hands. Alexander had no greater Pleafure, than when he was in the Painting- room of Apelles, where he commonly was found. And that Painter once receiv’d a fenfible Tefli- mony of the great Elteem and Regard which that Monarch had for him ; for hav- ing caus’d him to paint Campafpe , one of his favourite Concubines, quite naked, on Ac- count of her incomparable Beauty, and per- ceiving that Apelles was fmitten with her Charms, he generoufly made him a prefent of the dear Obje6t of his Wifhes. But to come nearer to our ownTimes. Fran- cis the Firft, King of France , was fo charm’d with Painting, that he allur’d out of Italy all the beft Matters ; and amongft others, Leonardo de Vinci, who after having continu- ed with him for fome Tithe, dy’d at Fontain- hleau, in the Arms of that great Monarch, who could not behold his Death without Ihedding Tears over him. . Charles The PREFACE. xi Charles the Fifth, has adorn’d Spain with the nobleft Pidtures that arc now remaining in the World. That Emperor one Day took up a Pencil, which fell from the Hand of Titian, who was then drawing his Picture, and upon Titian's paying him a Compliment on that Occafion, he made him this imme- diate Reply, Titian has merited the Service of Catfar. And the Author of the Life of Titian affures us, that Emperor valu’d him- felf more on his being made thrice Immor- tal by the Pencil of that inimitable Artift, than in fubduing whole Kingdoms. In fliort, that Monarch had fuch a Re- gard for Titian , that he loaded him with Riches. And whenever he fent him any Money, which for the Generality, was a confiderable Sum, he always did it with this obliging Testimony, that his Defign was not to pay him the Value of his Pictures, becaufe they were above any Price ; in Imi- tation of the Worthies ©f Antiquity, who bought the rareft Pidtures with.Bulhels of Gold ; without weighing it, or counting the Number of the Pieces therein contain’d. I fhall mention but one Inftance more, and fq conclude : Lewis the XIVth, of France , fhow’d xii The PREFACE. fhow’d as much Love for Painting at Home, as he did for Courage Abroad, and teftify’d his Taiie for it by the vaft Encouragement he gave, and the valuable Prefents which he made to Le Brim , who was his favourite Painter. He founded likewife an Academy for bringing the Art of Painting to its ut- moft Pitch and Perie£tion. And Monfieur Colbert , who was prime Miniller, honour’d it, not only with his Favour and Protection, but his frequent Vilits. As to thofe Teftimonies of Love and Efteem, which have been paid to the Pro- feflors of this Art in our own Nation, they are fufficiently demonllrated in the enfuing Difcourfe. Delicije D ELICIT BrITANNIC.E. BOOK 1 . THE ROYAL PALACE O F HAMPTON COVRT HIS Magnificent Structure (we may venture to affert) is more agreeably fituated ( fVindfor only excepted, of which we propole to give a particular Ac- count hereafter) than any other of his Majefties Rural ReceJJes : It lievS on the North- Bank of the River Thames, about two imali Miles from the Antient Town of Kingfton , and on the High-Road from Stains to London . Notwithftanding it lies ibclole to the River- B fide 14 7£e ROYAL PALACE fide, yet it is never in the leaft incommoded by the Rile of the Waters, which, in other Places, is too often occafion’d by luddenF foods, or inordinate Tetrjefls • and tho’ not far from the Reflux of the Tides, yet ’tis at inch a con- venient Diftance, as never to be influenc’d by any of thole Impurities, which the Flowing of the Tides are too apt ro create : Neither were the Gardens, tho’ they extend aJmoft to the very Margin of the River, ever known to be overflow’d : And what ftill renders its Situa- tion more agreeable, there are no Marlh- G rounds, bn either Side the River, to make the Waters ftagnate, or the Air, upon that Account, cither foggy or unhealthful. The River here is high enough to be navi- gable, and low enough to be agreeably rapid $ lb that, tho’ the Stream moves but gently on, yet it does not fleep, or leem to ftand Hill, like a Pond. * This eafy Movement keeps the Water* for- ever clear and clean. In fhort, the Bottom is always in View, the wanton Filh are always vifible, and nothing is wanting, that can ren- der a River always entertaining. Having thus given the Reader a tranfient Idea of the Situation of this beautiful Palace, I fhall proceed in the next Place to fpeak of its antient, and illuftrious Founder. It was firft rais’d from the Ground by that great Statelman,and Favourite of King Henry VIII. Cardinal W'oolfey, and devolv’d on the Crown, in the Forfieture of his Eminence, when Of H A M P T O N C O U R T.^iy when his then Majefty leiz’d his Effects and Eftate, by which Hidden Turn of Fortune, this Rural Seat, and tiiat of White hall (ano- ther magnificent Manfion Houle of the Cardi- nal’s Erection at his own Expence) was at his Majefty’s Dilpofal at the lame Time. Two fucu fine Palaces as the above mention’d, built at the foie Charge of one private SubjeCl, will ever be lafting Monuments of the Pride and Ambition, as well as the almoft inexhaultible Treafures of that imperious Prelate, who knew no Bounds to his Avarice, till he was overthrown at once, by incurring the Dilplea- l'ure of his Royal, and Munificent Benefactor. Tho’ Hampton Court was (as before has been obferv’d) a Recefs in every RefpeCl fit for a Prince, even in Ring Henry VIII’s Time, yet it never appear’d in irs full Glory, till the latter End of King William III. who greatly admiring the Situation, added l’everai very ele- gant and pompous Apartments to it, caufing the great Stair-Cafe, and iome of the Ceilings to be painted by Signior Ferric , a very carious Art iff, tho’ much inferior to fome of the great Mailers, of whofe Works we (hall give a De- icnption hereafter 3 for here are not only many Pieces of the moft able Hands, but Hampton Courtis Mr. Rickardftv obierves in his Effay on the Theory of Painting, is the great School of Rafaello, the moft celebrated or them all. But before we enter upon the Subject pro- pos’d, in order to render this new JDefign as uicful, and rational an Amufement as pouibly B % * we i .6 The ROYAL P A L A C E we can, we fha!l from Time to Time have Re- courfe, not only to ModernHiftory, as Occafion /hall require, but to the juftly admir’d Doctor Kin*y Abbe le Plucbe , and Mr. Baniere, as the heft, and moft artful Expofitors of the My- thology of the Antients : For there are dif- ferent Species of Books expofed to Public View, Inch as Pi&ures, Prints, Tapeftryand Statues. Theieare lo many Riddles to thofe W'hoare ignorant of Fabulous Hiftory, to which we muft be oblig’d very often to apply, for their better Illuftration. Without making therefore any further Apo- logy for, or Introduction to our prefent Un- dertaking, we will begin with the Entrance into this Palace, at the Gates of which there are four large Brick Piers $ the two Inward, which form a Gate-way, are adorn’d with the Tion and Unicorn, the Royal Supporters, holding each of them a Shield, whereon arc the Arms of Great Britain : On the two Out- ward are feveralTrophies of War, well carv’d, in Stone $ with two fmall Portals on each Side. Having pafs’d through the long Court- yard, on each Side of which are Stabling for the Officers of his Majefty’s Ho u /ho Id, we { >roceed to the firft Portal, which is a beauti- ul Piece of Brick-work, embellifh’d with four Heads of the Roman Cafars^ two on each Side, with their ref peCtive Names under them: The firft is Trajan , the fecond Adrian , the third Tiberius a and the laft Vitellius. For what O r FI A. M P T O N C O IT R T. 17 xvlnt Reaibn the Gird 1 nil fhould chafe the Erfigies of rheie four Emperors, of iuch dif- ferent Char acters, to .decor ite this Part of the Building, is not eafy to coriieftcre. IVoolfey ’tis true, was a great Scholar, and a Patron of Men of Learning; fo were Trajan and Adrian^ and both Men of unble nifh’d Character', and on that Account might claim his Efteem j but then Tiberius tho’ a learned, was a very wicked Prince^ one of his great eft Foibles how- ever was, what the Cardinal could not fairly con- demn, 1 mean his iupporting and faltering him- felf to be man ig’d at VV ill by his overgrown Fa- vourite Sejanu r . - ItelTrus had indeed no one good Quality to recommend hem; but, liketheCar- dinal, was notorious for his difTolute and luxu- rious Courfeoi Life. Prom this Portal lpread two Wings, built in the fame Tafte, and a large Pavement, of a femi-circular Form in Front. Thro 5 the Portal adorn’d (as juft mention’d) with the four Heads, we pals into a large Qua- drangle, remarkable for nothing curious, ex-^ cept its Spacioufnefs and Uniformity : This leads to a lecond Quadrangle, where, over the Portal, is a beautiful Agronomical Clock, the Workmanfhip and Contrivance of the late celebrated Tompion , on which are curioufly reprefented the Pvifing and Setting of the Sun, his gradual Progreffion thro’ the twelve Signs of the Zodiack % the various Phafesof the Moon, and other fuch emblematical Amufements, as juftly make it the Objefl of utiverfal Ad- B 3 mira- 1 8 , The ROYAL PAL ACL miration. And here, in order to inftrufh as well as entertain our Readers, we fhall give them, in this Place, Abbe le P luche's Hiftori- cal Account of the Origin of the Zodiack, and his agreeable Explication of its relpeCiive H ieroglyphicks. Theold Egyptians, fays he, having firft ob- ferv’d the four natural divilions oftheYear, per- ceiv’d that the Sun, in each of thefe Seafons, was plac’d fucceflively under diftinfl Stars. In order, therefore, to be as exaft as poffibly they could, and to parcel out the Year in inch a Manner, as fhould be commodious and unal- terable, they divided each of the fourSealons into three Cantons of different Stars, and the whole Year into twelve Houles, or Stations of the Sun, to which they gave the Names of twelve different Animals, mat had Relation to what was tranlafted upon Earth, in each of thole Divilions of the Year. The Sun, in Spring, covers the Earth with a vaft Variety of liieftimable Bleflings. Thole which the Antients were peculiarly fond of, and valu’d molt, were Sheep, Kine, and Goats. Jn order to adumbrate, therefore, thofe number- lels Benefits, and that Fecundity which was re- ftor’d to them by the Spring, they gave to the three Conftellations, thro’ which the Sun pafles in the Spring, the Names of thole three different Creatures. The firft Conftellation under which the Sun is found when the Winter is with- drawn, and the Days and Nights are equal, wasdiftinguifh’d by the Name of the firft Ani- mal . Of H A f P T O N C O u il T. i ) imal that is ufually brought forth at that par- 7 ticular Period, that is to lay, the Lamb, or its * Parent, the Ram. The feconi bore the Title of the Bull : And, as the Goats, v who are hot in November, and pregnant for five Months, bring forth two young Onesoftner than one, at the Expiration of that Term, the third Con- ftellation of the Spring bore the Denomination of the Twins, or Kids.* When the Sun vis arriv’d at the Summer So] dice, he advances no farther towards the Pole, but returns with abundance of Gravity and Precaution, as it were, to the Equator 5 for which reaion, the Egyptian* thought pro per to affign rhe Name of the Crab to thole Stars under which he then appears* The Manner in which this Animal marches is well known, and nothing could more aptly adum- brate the Retrogradafion of the Sun. The ex- ceifive Heats which next come on, and the full Luftre in which that glorious Luminary then appears, induc’d them to give the Conftella- tion under which he then moves, the Name of the Lion, the King and Terror of all the ter- reidrial Animals. The Harveft, which imme- diately fucceeds, inclin’d them to delineate thefixth Conftellation,by theFigureof a young Female Reaper, bearing an Ear of Corn. The Emblem^orAllufion, is taken from thole young * The Greeks fubfiituted in their Room, tho y without any Foundation , the two Brothers , Caftor and Pollux. Vir- to Tt ROYAL P A L ACE Virgins, who gain’d their Livelihood by glean* ing after the Reapers^ and nothing could be a more lively Reprefentation of that Sealon of the Year,when Providence is lavilh, as it were, ot her Favours, and lupplies both rich and poor with Plenty of Provtfions. ’Twould beimpoliible toexprefs that which the Equinox falls under, and equals Day and Night by any better Symbol, than that of a Ballance inMquitibrio. The various Di {tem- pers occafion’d by the Sun in his Retreat, or which break out in the middle of Autumn, made them give the next Set of Stars the Ti- tle of the Scorpion $ becauie that Animal car- ries not only a Sting, but a Bag of Poifon in his Tail, and makes uie of both, as he finds Gccafion. The Sagittary, or Archer * who follows that deftrufhve Animal, has a vifible Relation to the Chace, or the Diverfion of Hunting, which is principally follow’d after the Fall of the Leaf. As the Crab, that crawls with a retrograde Motion, was made the Symbol of the Summer Sol dice, after which the Sun always returns to the Equator $ io on the other Hand, in order to delineate the Win- ter Solftjce, after which the Sun ri fes, and continues his progreffive Motion to the other Tropick, the Name of Capricorn, or the Goat was chofen* becaufe thole Animals moft com- monly climb as they browze, and continue af- *Tbe Greeks, injlead of a Hunter, have ful - &tuted ike Fabulous Idea of a Centaur. cending O/H AMPT OM COURT. 21 tending, and feeding, till they have reach'd the Summit of the Rocks and Mountains. The Water-Pot is a lively Image of the Hail, Rain and Snow, that fall in the dark, Winter Sea- Ion. And laltlv, the two Fiih, which are link’d together by a Fillet or Bandage, feem to have Reference ro the Generation of thole Ani- mals, who make their Appearance about the Cloie of Winter, at which Period Angling be- gins to come in Season. But to return to our Quadrangle On rhe left Hand is the old great Hall, m which, by his late Majefty’s Command, was erected a Theatre, wherein, as Mr. Cibber the Comedian, in his Apology for his own Lire, Page 447. allures us, it was intended that two Plays fhould have been acted every Week, during the Time of the Court’s Continuance there $ however, ieven Plays only, it ieems, were perform’d in it, by the Comedians from Dr:/- ry-Lane , that very Summer it was erected $ and one afterwards, in the Year 1731. for the Entertainment of the Duke of Lorrain , now Grand Duke of Tufc/zny. In the Front is a Brick Portal, adorn’d with four CeefaDs Heads, but whole ju particular, we are at a Lol's to determine ^ this Part of the Building was repair’d in his prelent Ma- jefty's Reign, as appears by u Key-Stone over the Gate, on which are the Letters G. R, and the Year of our Lord Mdccxxxii, On the Right Hand of this Quadr ngle there is a Stone G lonade f coniiiting or fourteen Pillars, 2 2 The R O Y A L P A L A C E P'llars, and two Pilafters of the Ionic Order wun an Entablature and BaJluldrade at Top ecorated in the Middle with two large, carv\ ales This leads to the great Stair-Gale ? n , '™ h are painted, at the Top, on th< jfr r C ’ as you come in , Apollo and the Mufes i reprelcmtuig a fine Concept of Mufick, at whole Feet fits the God Pan, , with his une- Qua! Keedsj and a little below them, the God- dels Ceres, holding a Wheat-Sheaf in her left 3 el an< l porting to feveral Loaves of Bread with her Right 5 in whicn Hie ds a Chap- let ot Flowers 5 near her are the River , \ Z ha T 6 , and ^ f > wifh their Urns , and behind them, two River Nymphs .’ A large Table is plac’d in the Middle with a large Quantify of rich gilt Plate upon it, a- dorn d with Flowers. This Part of the Paint-" Jng is a lively Reprelhntation of the Marriage . Thame and lfts h alluding to the Palace be- ing erected on the River, which takes its Name from the Union of their Streams. Jfiolloznd the Mufes are introduc’d into the Piece, as being the Deities who prefidod over all facred mnqneiS’ and were as much the Protestors of Mirfh and Fejtivity , as of °oetrv and MvficK inn and Ceres have Allufion to the Fields and Meadows about Hampton Court , and Flora to fne Gardens. On the Cicling are painted Juts, ter and with the flaming Sword and Bridle in the Hand of her Genius, leems an Allufion to the Revolution, atwhich Time, had it not been for the Afliflance of our great and glorious Deliverer, King Wil- liam Of HAMPTON CO URT. 2? ■Uam III. the Britijh Nation had felt again the Weight of the Romijh Yoke. In another Pannel is Julian the Apoftatc, writing at a Table, with Mercury, the God of Eloquence attending on him, in Allufion to the fine Writings of that wicked Emperor* who was an inveterate Enemy to the Chriftian Religion, notwithftanding his Education in it, and his Service at the Altar. He was the Son of Confiantius , Brother of Conftantine the Great, His Mother’s Name was Bajilina. His firft Tutor in Grimmer was one Mardonius , an Heathen Eunuch, who refided at Confiantinople , Ecebolius, one that waver’d in the Faith, was the next that in- ftrufied him in the Art of Rhetorick, at A7- comsdia, to which Place he was lent by the Emperor, in order that Eufebius, v/ho was Bilhop of that Place, and his Kinfman, might improve him in Virtue and good Manners $ but he was fhamefully corrupted by one Max- imus, who was not only a Pniloiopher, but a Magician. His Coufin Confiantius, being in- form’d of his diffolute Courfe of Life, and Julian dreading his Refentment, made himfelf a Monk : But tho’ he behav’d in that Capa- city to all outward Appearanceas a good Chri- ftian, he was a very Heathen in private. Be- fore this Time, both he and his Brother GalJus were conftituted Clerks, and difeharg’d the Office of Public Readers in the Church- Aftem- blies. The latter was a Zealot, and was very fknguine in the Ereftion of a Church, in Ho* C nouf Tie R O Y A L P A L ACE siom* to Mammas the Martyr; the other, indeed, join’d with him in the Undertaking, but was perfectly remils, and regardlefs of performing his proportionable Part. In Proceis of Time, Conjiantius , at the earned: Sol lit it at ion of his ■Royal Confbrt Eufebia , declar’d him Gcefar : And in the Year 335, he married Helena^ the Emperor’s Sifter. He had formerly been lent into Gaul , where he overcame the Barbarians * •and by vanquishing feven German Kings, re- stor’d Peace to thole Provinces. His Deport- ment was fo exemplary, and feemingly virtu- ous, that it gain’d him the univerfal Affection and Efteem of the Roman Legions ; infomuch •that in the Year 36, foon after the Death of Conjl antius, he was eltabli fil’d on his r Ph rone. The Mask thereupon was immediately thrown -oft, and he caus’d the Idol-Temples of the Heathens publickly to be open’d ; and not only reftor’d their Worfh ip, but affum’d the Office himlelf of their High-Prieft: In fhort, he religioufly obferv’d all their Rites and Ce- remonies, and endeavour’d, by the Blood of Sacrifices, toefface the Character ofhisChrift- 2 an Baptii'm. He recall’d all thole Hereticks who had heenbanifh’d by his Predeceffor, and -reftor’d the Donatifls to their relpefti ve Polls or Employments in Africa , and embrac’d every 'Opportunity that offer’d >to injure or dpprels the Chriltians, whom (by way of Ignominy and Reproach) he branded with the Title of 1 Galileans : And lb far did he carry his impla- caLle Malice and Averficn towards them, that he Of HA M P TONCOURT. 27 Le did not fcruple to put the King of Perjia' s Embafladors to Death, tor no other Realbn, than that they profeis'd themlelves Chriftians. In the Dilpolal of all Places he prefrr’d fuch as were ftrenuous Advocates for Idol-Worfhip; and punift^d all Qiriitians who prefam’d to open any Seminaries, or Schools for the Edu- cation of Youth, and us’d, in lliort, his ut- moft Endeavours to extirpate the Gatholick Faith. For which Reaion he gave extraordi- nary Encouragement to Pagan Tutors ; and introduc’d the Religious Guftom of tinging alternately in the Idol - Temples, together with the Diftinftion of Places, the Forms of Pravers, and ibme faint Reiemblance of Pub- lic Penance by way of Atonement for enormous Crimes. He propos’d to have built ieveral Public Hofpitals, for the Reception of fuch as were tick and poor; as alio Monaitcries, for the Education ofyoungY^irginSjbut did not live to fee thole laud ible Intentions accomplifh’d. But above all, he tried ail the Means in his Power to prevail on his Soldiers in general, but more particularly the Pr&torian Guard, to renounce the Chriftian Religion; thegreatefl Part of them however delpis’d and abhorr’d the impious Proportion, and chofe rather to abandon their Polls, and forfeit his Favour and Protection, than to turn Apoftates. Maris, Bi/hop of Cba/cedon , having publickly repri- manded him for his wicked Proceedings, he antwer’d him without any Warm th or Emotion, That his Galitean,. notwithstanding all his C 2 Zeal as the ROYAL P A L A C E Zeal, would never cure him of his Blindnefs. To which impious Reflection Maris reply ’d, I blefs my Saviour, that being blind, 1 need not pollute my Eyes with beholding luch a fhameful Apoftate as you are. This like wife the Emperor bore with all the Calmnefs ima- ginable, as thinking luch a Reply not worthy of his Regard or Refentment. He very much affected all fuch A£ts of Clemency and Moderation, with a View to gain by that Means the greater Credit toll 13- wicked and villainous Defigns. Pie gave free Leave to the Jews to rebuild the Temple of Jerufalem, and finding himfelf indiipen- fibly oblig’d to make War upon the Per pans , he breath’d nothing but Vengeance and Be- itru&ionon the Church, as loon as he re turn’d 5 but rafhly engaging with the Enemy with his Coat of Mail, he receiv’d an accidental Wound, whereof he died. Finding himfelf in a defperate Condition, he took a Handful of his Blood (according to Theodor et ) and calling it up to Heaven, laid, Vkifii Gaiilae , that is, 0 Chrijl , then haft overcome W'\ and inllantly expir’d, on the twentieth Day of June , in the feventh Year of his Reign, in the thirty firft Year of his Age. Tho’ lo wicked a Man, it is allow’d on all Hands, that his acquir’d Parts were extraor- dinary, and that his Works are the jult Ob- jects of univerfal Admiration. As to his Perfon, he had fparkling Eyes, a Hern, wandering Countenance, a lira it Nofe, his Of H A M PTONCOURT. 29 his Mouth lomewhat of the Liggeft, a Slit in his Under-Lip, a thick Beard, which he wore picked, his Shoulders large and moving, his Head h inging down, which he always turn’d on one Side and t’other $ he walk’d very faff, altho’ he was but little, and made a great Noife when he laugh’d. Amongft the many Pieces which lie wrote, there was a Satirical Letter, that hecall’dthe MtfopogQti, or Beard-hater, as a Teftimony of his Contempt of the People of Antioch , who had endeavour’d to make him appear ridicu- lous. Over the Door, at the Head of the Stairs, is a Pyra, or Funeral Pyle, done in Stone- Colour : Under the Paintings, before men- tion’d, are thirty fix Pannels, reprefenting Trophies of War, and other Decorations in the fame Colour, The Paintings on this Stair-Gale are all the Works of Signior Verrio , an ingenious Italian , who laid out fever al Gardens, and painted leveral other Pieces here, as well as> at JVindfor^ and at the Seats of many of the Nobility.. As w 7 e propole to give a fuccinfi Account of the leveral Painters and Sculptors undei their Capital Performances $ and as This is far from being his Mafter-piece, we /hall introduce the Hiftory of that juftly admir’d Artiil in another Place. A large Glafs Lanthorn, with fixteen Noz- zles in it, and an Imperial Crown at Top, G 3 hangs 30 The ROYAL PALACE hangs from the Cieling, by a ftrong Bra is. Chain doubly gilt. The Guard-Chamber. From the Stair -Cafe, we pafs into the Guard - Chamber, which contains Arms for five thoufand Men, artfully difpos’d in various Forms. Fronting the Door are three Trophies of Drums, hanging in an uniform Manner un- der the Windows, five in each Trophy. There are Pilafters of Pikes, Bayonets, and Bandaleers, on each Side fixteen Pannels, which go round the Room, with a great Variety of Decora- tions and Figures, as Mufquets in Chequer- Work, Stars made of Bayonets, Swords, ftfr. alfc Circles, Ovals, Hexagons, and Odla- gons ; in the Centers of lome are the fam’d Me du fa's Head, of others Jupiter's Thunder, and other Devices carv’d upon a Shield : The Sides are garnifh’d with Bandaleers. The Arms were thus difpos’d by Mr.. Har- ris, who was the Perfbn that firft contriv’d to place the Arms in the lame beautiful Or- der in the fmall Armoury in the Tower of London , which is univerfally admir’d, by People of all Nations, who have the Curiofity to furvey them. This Man was originally a common Gun-fmith, but after he had given fuch publick Proof of his luperior Genius, lie was allow’d a Penfion from the Crown for his Ingenuity. Over the Chimney are the Arms of Eng - Im&y &&. with the Garter, and Motto round them, Of HAMPTON COURT.}! them 5 and underneath is a neat Cypher of a W, and over it the Royal Crown, curioufly carv’d in Walnut-tree. . On the Right Hand of the Door as we en- ter, are the Halberts for the Yeomen of the Guard, eighteen in Number, and a little far- ther, fix large Carbines, regularly plac’d on a Table. The Room is very large and fpacious, of an oblong Form, above fixty Feet long, and forty Feet wide. The Arms here are all taken down to be clean’d, and are replac’d once every Year in the Spring. TAKING’S Presence Chamber, On the Left Hand of the Entrance, be- hind tfteDoor, is a fine Picture, about eighteen Feet by fifteen, of King * William III. in Ar-V mour, with his Truncheon in his Hand, mounted on a ftately Horfe, with along Tail, trampling on Trophies of War, by which lies a flaming Torch. Mercury and ^eace are over Head, in a Cloud fupporting the King’s Helmet, decorated with Laurel ^ and a Cupid holds a Scroll, which at prelent is not legi- ble. In the Bottom Part of the Pifture, is Neptune with his Attendants, by the Side of a Rock, who feems to welcome the Hero on Shore : There is a Prol'pefl of Ships Fkewiie at a Distance : And a ferene, blue Sky, with- * N. B, All Pitfuresmark' d throughout the Work with this Afierifm , are Capital Ones> and defer ve the Spectators particular Attention . out The ROYAL PALACE out a Cloud, except that whieh Mercury ^and Peace fit on. In the Front Ground is Plenty with her Cornucopia, offering a Branch of Oli ves, and Flora prelenting Flowers. The Room is hung with rich oldTapeltry* that has no particular Story wrought in it $ but Landlcape - Work, with the Fi- gures of Nymphs, Fawns, Satyrs, Nereides, &c. In the Front, are the Canopy and Chair of State, which are of Crimlon Damask, as are alio the Stools : On the Back-part of the Ca- nopy are the King’s Arms, and round the Vallance the Crown and Cypher embroider’d in Gold. This Room, tho’ called the fecond, is the firlt Preicnce Chamber of the King’s A- partment. The Ceiling is vaulted, from the Center of: which hangs a fine Lultre of nineteen Bran- ches. This Picture which was painted by the late ce- lebrated Sir Godfrey Kneller , is one of his Malt- er-pieces, and a glorious Proof of his extraor- dinary Genius. The Drawing is good, and the Colouring beautiful $ the Lights and Sha- dows are difpos’d in the molt artful Manner : Each Figure is beautifully bold, and the In- vention truly noble 5 for as it is well known, his Majelty landed in the Welt of Engla?id y the Sails of the Ships at a Dillanceare fwel- led with the Ealt Wind, and the Hair of the Figure of Plenty is ruffled, and blows the lame Way. This Of HAMPTON COURT. 3? This juftly admir’d Painter was born at Lttbeck , in the Lower Saxcny\ in the Year 1646, ini was a Pupil of Rembrandt. He triiveird to Rome , and drew after the antique Statues and Buffs, whereby he attain’d to the moll beautiful and graceful manner of drawing a Likenefs that any Painter was ever Matter of : He was not fb ex aft a Copyer of Nature in the minute Parts as Van Dyck , but what he added to her made ample Amends for what he neglefted ; for he gave a peculiar Grace and Dignity wherever the Character requVd it ; upon which Account, a noble Duke, who made no mean Figure, w ? as once pleas’d to fay to him, “ Sir Godfrey , every Body tells me, u the Picture you have drawn for me is ex- “ tremely like, and yet, methinks, when I “ view myfelf and that together in the Glafa, “ I appear like a meer oiProon to it. He was fo far from taking the Advantage of little Marks and Defeats for a Likenefs, in all his Pieces, that he left them quite out, and painted from thofe Parts that could make the Picture ffrike the Eye in the moff agreeable Manner. As the mean, hard Likenefs is the prefent Faihion, Kneller's great Abilities arc not fo much regarded at prefent, as they will doubtlefs be admir’d by Pofterity, Tho’ he has drawn a great many flight Pic- tures, aflifted by meaner Painters, from his want of Time and Multiplicity of Bu fine Is ; yet we have this to fay in his Favour, thathis beft Piff ures, fuch as the Dutchels of Grafton , ^ in 14 The RO Y AL PALACE in the Room, of which we are now fpeaking > the Chinefe at tVindfor, thePiflureof Grinlia Gibbons at Nought on-hall, Archtifhop Tillot- fon, a Half-length Lady at Mr. Baron is crape's and leveral others, are equal atleaft, if not fu~ perior in Grace, to any Portraits in the World. This great Mailer died in the Tear 1723, and lies buried at Twickenham, near Whitton j where he had a good Ellate, and a fine Seat j but there is a handlome Monument let up for- him at the lower End of the North Hie in fNeHminfter- h bby, which was defign’d by himfelf, and executed by our prelent great Sculptor Mr. Rysbrack, on which is the fol- lowing Inlcription: M. S. GODEFREDI KNELLER EQU 1 TIS ROM. IMP. ET ANGLIC BARONETTI PICTORIS REGIBUS C AROLO II. J ACOBO II. GULIELMO 1 IL ANNjE REGINjE. GEORGIO. QUl OBI1T XXVI OCT. ANN. Mt)CCXXlII. JETAT. LXXVII. Kneller by Heav’n, and not a Mailer, taught, Whole Art was Nature , and whole Pictures Thought, When now two Ages he had lnatch’d from Fate, Wliate’er was beauteous, and whate’er was greats Crown O/HAMPTON COURT. 35 Crowned with Princes Honours, Poets Lays, Due to his Merit and brave Thirfl of Praife 5 Living, great Nature fear’d he might out-vie Her Works 5 and dying, fears herfelf may die. A. P. The Mention made hy Mr. Pope , in thefe Lines, of Princes Honours , Poets Lays , alludes to bis having been made a Knight of the Ro- man Empire, to his having been knighted by King JVilUam III. and made a Baronet by King George\. and to the many Compliments paid him by the Englijh Poets, among which, thole publifh’d by the late ingenious Mr. Con- greve, and the inimitable Mr. Addifon , are al- low’d to be touch’d up with the greateft Ele- gance 5 for which Reafon we fhall take the Liberty to tranlcribe them ; and as there are particular Beauties in both, w*e fhall leave our Readers themfelves to give the Preference to which they pleafe. To 36 The ROYAL PALACE T O Sir GODFREY KNELLER. By Mr. Con gre ve. T Yield, O Kneller, to fuperior Skill, Thy Pencil triumphs o’er the Poet’s Quill*. If yet my vanquilh’d Mufeexertjs her Lays, It is no more to rival thee, but praile. Oft have I try’d, with unavailing Care, To trace Ibme Imagefromthemuch-lov’dFaif$ But ftillmy Numbers uneffeftual prov’d, And rather fhew’d how much, than whom, I lov’d : But thy unerring Hand, with matchlefs Art, Has Ihewn my Eyes th 5 Imprcfliois in my Heart $ The bright Idea both exilts and lives, Such vital Heat thy genial Pencil gives: W hole daring Point, not to the Face confin’d Can penetrate the Heart, and paint the Mind. Others 0/ HAMPTON CO URT. 37 Others fbme faint Rcfemblance may exprefs. Which, as ’tis drawn by Chance, we find by Guefs. Thy Pictures raife no Doubts, when brought to View, At once they’re known, and feem to know us too. T ranfeendent A rtift ! How r compleat thy Skill! Thy Pow’r to aft, is equal to thy Will. Nature and Art, in Thee, alike contend, Not to oppole each other, but befriend : For what thy Fancy has with Fire defign’d. Is by thy Skill both temper’d and refin’d. As in thy Pictures, Light confents with Shade? And each to other is fubfervient made, Judgment and Genius fo concur in Thee, And both unite in perfect Harmony. But after Days, my Friend, muft do thee Rights And fet thy Virtues in unenvy’d Light. Fame due to vaft Defert is kept in Store, Unpay’d, till the Deferver is no more. Yet, Thou, inprefent, the belt Part haft gain’d* And from the chofen Few Applaufe obtain’d - JEv’11 He, who beft could judge, and belt could praile, 3 8 The ROYAL PALACE Has high extolPd thee in hisdeathlefs Lays $ Ev’n Dry den has immortaliz’d thy Name 3 Let that alone fuffice thee; think That, Fame. Unfit I follow, where he led the Wa^, And court Applaufe, by what 1 feem to pay. Ivlyleif I praile, while I thy Praile intend, For ’tis iome Virtue, Virtue to commend : And next toDeeds, which our own Honourxaift, Is to diftinguilh Them, who merit Praiie. T O OfHAMPTON COURT. 39 T O Sir GODFREY KNELLER, KING GEORGE I. NELLE R, with Silence and Surprize, We fee Britannia's Monarch rile, A Godlike Form, by Thee dilplay’d In all the Force of Light and Shade 5 And, aw’d by thy d-elufive Hand, As in the Prefence-Chamber ftand. The Magick of thy Art calls forth Hisfecrct Soul, and hidden Worth, His Probity and Mildncfs fhows, His Care of Friends, and Scorn of Fo«s ; On His Picture of D 2 In 40 Tot ROYAL PALACE In ev’ry Stroke, in ev’ry Line, I'oes iome exa J ted Virtue ih i ne, And Alpjon s Happinefs vve trace inro’aJi the Features of his Face, O! may I live to hail the Day, Vhen the glad Nation ill all furiey J ne, r Sovereign, thro’ his wide Command, i ailing m Progrefs o’er the Land ! Lach Heart /hall bend, and ev’ry Voice In Jotid applauding Shouts rejoice; htlft all his gracious Afpeft praife, •And Crowds grow loyal as they gaze. Thh Image, on the Medal plac’d, ltb,ts br ight Round of Titles grac’d, And ftampt on Rritijh Coins ihall live; 1 o richefr Ores /hall Value give ; wrought within the curious Mould, 6ha P e and adorn the running Gold. To bear this Form, the genial Sun Has daityj fince his Cour/c begun, Rejoic’d the Metal to refine. And ripen’d the Peruvian Mine. Thou, Kneller , long with noble Pride, The foremoft of thy Art, haft vy’d With OfH AMPT ON COURT. 41 With Nature in a generous Strife, ( And touch’d the Canvas into Life. Thy Pencil has, by Monarchs lought, From Reign to Reign in Ermine wrought, And, in their Robes of State array’d, The King! of half an Age difplay’d e Here fwarthy Charles appears, and there His Brother, with dejected Air : Triumphant NaJJau here wc find, And with him bright Maria join’d 5 There Anna , great, as when Ihe fent Her Army through the Continent, E’re yet her Hero was difgrac’d 5 ■ O, may fam’d Brunfwick be the I aft, (Tho’ Heav’n fhould with my Wifh agree, And long preferve thy Art in Thee) The kft, the happieft BritiJhlLing* Whom thou Ihalt paint, or 1 Ihall fing ! Wife Phidias , thus his Skill to prove, Thro’ many a God advanc’d to Jove, And taught thepolifh’d Rocks to fhine, With Airs and Lineaments divine 5 •Till Greece amaz’d, and half afraid, Th’ affembled Deities furvcyU D 3 Great 4* ROYAL PALACE Great Pan, who wont to chafe the Fair, And lov’d the fpreading Oak , was therej Old Saturn too, with up-caft Eyes, -Beheld his abdicated Skies ; And mighty Mars, for War renown’d,. In Adamantine Armour frown’d t By him the Childlefs Goddefs rofe, ■Minerva, fludious to compofe Her twilled Threads 5 the Web fhe ftrung. And o’er a Loom of Marble hung j Thetis , the troubled Ocean’s Queen, Match’d with a Mortal, next was leen, Reclining on a Funeral Urn, Her Ihort liv’d darling Son to mourn^ The laffc was he, whole Thunder flew The Titan Race, a rebel Crew, That, from an hundred Hills ally’d. In impious Leagues their King defy’d. This Wonder of the Sculptor’s Hand Produc’d, his Art was at a Stand : For who wou’d hope new Fame to raife, Or rifque his well-dlablifu’d Praile, That his high Genius to approve, Had drawn a Gionsi, «r carv’d a Jo v 1 0/HAMPTON COURT. +? We fhall now proceed to give a fhort Ac- count of the remaining Curiofities* in the Se- cond Room, which we left unfiniih’d. Over the Chimney is a whole Length of the Marquis of Hamilton , Lord Steward of the Houmold to King Charles I. painted by Van Scmer . Over the Doors are two Pieces of Architec- ture, beautifully painted by Rojfc , an Artift of great Refutation, fome of whole belt Works are in the Galleries of the French King’s Pa- lace of Fontainbleau. He was a great Archi- te£t, as well as Painter, and lo highly efleerxfd by Francis I. that he made him Super-inten- da?tt General of all his Buildings, Pictures, &c. gave him a considerable Penlion, and al- low’d him fuch Opportunities of making his Fortune, that he liv’d for a confidcrableTime, in fuch Affluence and Splendor, that few Prin- ces made a greater Figure. However, as the End. of this Painter was dbmewhat extraordinary, we prefume a Ihort Relation of i t will be thought no dilagrceable Amufement. RO S 8 O , after he was grown immenfely rich, was robb’d of a large Sum of Money, and as he unfortunately imagin’d, by one Fran- eifeo Pe'egrino, a Florentine , who was one of his mod intimate Friends, as well as his Coun- tryman. Upon which Suspicion, he procur’d an Order for his Impriionment, and caus’d him to be put to the Torture * which he un- f 4ccwent with fuch Refolutioa and Courage, and 44 ROYAL PALACE and Averted his Innocence, in the Height of the nioft agonizing Pains, with fuch Conftancy, tfeat he was honourably acquitted. Our unhappy Painter, partly out of Re- morfe for this inhuman Treatment of his in- jur’d Friend, and partly out of Fear of the fa- tal Conlequences of his mold juft Relentment, dil'patch’d himlelf by Poifon, in 1541, and in the forty fifth Year of his Age. The Sec ond Presence-Chamber. Over the Chimney is a whole Length of Chriftian TV. King of Denmark, by Van Sorrier . This Picture, as moft of the large ones are, is decorated round the Frame on the Outfide with Feftoonsof Fruits and Flowers, beauti- fully carv’d in High-reliefs in Lime Wood. Over all the Doors are Pieces of Ruins and Landlcapes by RoJJ'o. The Hangings of this Room are very an- ti ent Tapeftry, but very rich, the Lights be- ing all Gold, and the Shadows Silk 5 the Sub- ject of thofe on the Left is Hercules and the Hydra 4 and thofe on the Right is Midas with, his A lies Ears. The Room is fpacious, with a vaulted Ceiling, from the Center of which hangs a gilt Chandelier of twelve Branches. Ihe Chair of State and Stools are of Crimfon Da- mask, fring’d with the fame Colour. Here are two Tables of fine Marble, which have Pierj 0/HAMPTONCOURT. 45 Pier-Glaffes over them, with gilt Stands on each Side. The Audience-Room. Over the Chimney is a whole Length of Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia , who was his prelent Majefties Great Grand-mother, and the Daughter of King James I. Her Hus- band Frederick V. Prince Elector Palatine of the Rbine y and herfelf likewife, were drove cut of their Kingdom, for Want of the leafon- able Support of her Father. She came over into England the Year after the Reftoration of her Nephew, King Charles II. and died a- bout nine Months after that in London , at the Lord Craven's in Drury-Lane y in the Year 1 66 1. Over each of the Doors in this Room, is a Madonna , by Domenico Petti , who, by Undy- ing the Works of Giulio Romano at Mantua , became an excellent Imitator of that great Mailer. He died in the Year 1 in the 35th Year of his Age. The Tapeltry is fine; the Subje£l on one Side Abraham and Lot dividing their Lands 3 and on the other, God appears to Abraham in the Front, and Abraham is purchafing a Piece of Ground for a Burying-place. The Room is lofty : In the Middle hangs a beautiful Chandelier of Silver chas’d, with fixtccu Branches. Between the Windows are Glaffes* 46 the ROYAL PALACE GJaflfes $ and under them Tables, finely carv’dV *nd gilt Stands on each Side. Here is a fine Canopy of State, with Win- dow-Curtains, Chair and Stools of richCrim- fon Damask, lac’d, and fring’d with Gold. The Drawing-Room. Over the Chimney-Piece is a whole Length of King * Charles 1 . which is univerfally al- low’d to he the fineft Reprefentation of him that ever was painted, and one of theMafter- pieces of that great Artift Sir Anthony Van Dyck. Tho’ his Majcfty is dreft indeed in his Royal Robes, yet he is drawn in a dejeft- ed Pofture, and with an Air of Sorrow in his Countenance, to intimate to the Spectator r that he was juft entring into his Troubles at the Time when he fat for his Picture : And tho* the Piece in general be dark, yet there is a peculiar Brightncfs in the Face and Hands. We fhall here give our Readers the Charac- ter and Hiftory of this great Mafter, extraft- ed from Mr. Graham's fhort Account of the Painters, Sir Anthony Van Dyck (fays our Author) was born at Antwerp , in the Year 15 99 $ and gave fuch early Teftimonies of his moft ex- cellent Endowments, that Rubens , his Mafter, jealous of his being foon as univerfally ap- prov’S of as himlelf, in order to divert him from Hiftory-Pieces, would frequently com- mend his peculiar Talent in painting after the Life, Of HAMPTON CO U R T. 47 Life, and took fuch Care to keep him con- flantly employ’d in that particular Branch, that hedetermin’d at laft to make it his prin- cipal Study 3 and for his further Improvement travell’d to Venice , where he attain’d the beautiful Colouring of Titian, Paolo Veronefe^ &c. And after a few Years fpent in Rome , Genoa , and Sicily , he return’d Home to Flan - ders , with a Manner of Painting fo noble, natural and' eafy, that Titian himfelf was hardly his Superior $ and no other Mafter in the World equal to him for Portraits. He came into England foon after Rubens left it, and was retain’d in the Service of King Charles I. who conceiv’d a very high Efteem for all his Works, honour’d him with Knight- hood, made him a Prelent of his own Picture, let round with Diamonds, lettled on him a confiderable Penfion, lat very often to h im for his Portrait 5 as did moft of the Nobility and principal Gentry of the Kingdom after him. Tho’ he was a Perlbn of but a low Stature, yet he was well proportion’d $ and tho’ very handfome, was modeft, affable and courteous: He waslikewifea great Encouragerof all thofe who exceli’d in any Art or Science whatfo- ever, and generous to the laft Degree. He married one of the moft beautiful Ladies of the Englijh Court, the Daughter of Lord Ru~ then , Earl of Cowry> and liv’d in State and Grandeur anfwerable to her Birth. As to his Drefs, it was generally very rich, his Coaches and Equipage were very magnificent, his Re- tinue <8 7k ROYAL PALACE tinuc numerous and gay : His Table was fo fplendid, and fo much frequented by Peo- ple of the beft Quality of both Sexes, that his Apartments were more like the Court of a Prince, than the Lodgings of an Artificer. Towards the latter End of his Life, he grew weary of the conftant Fatigue of Face- Painting $ and being ambitious of immorta- lizing his Name by lome more bold and ardu- ous Undertaking, went to Paris> with a View of being employ’d in the Service of the French King, but not meeting with that Encourage- ment he expected, he return’d to London $ and being introduc’d at Court by his Friend Sir Kc* nelmDigly , he propos’d to make Car tones for the Banqueting- Heufe at Whitehall: The Sub- ject of which was intended to have been the Infti- tution of the Order of the Garter , the Procef- fion of the Knights in their Habits* w r ith the Ceremony of their Inftallment at St. George' s Feaft. But as his Demands at firft of Four - fcore Thoufand Pounds were thought very un- realonable, whilfl the King was treating with him for a more moderate Sum, the Gout and o- ther Diftempers put an End to his Life, in the Year 1641, in the 4^d Year of his Age: And his Body was interr’d in St. PauVi Cathe- dral. DUFRESmr y fpeaking of Rubens, fays, his School was full of admirable Difciples, a- mongft whom, Van Dyck was the Man, that beft comprehended all the Rules and general Maxims of his Maftcr; and even excell’d him in the Delicacy of his Colouring, and in his Cabinet- Of H A M P T ON COURT. 49 Cabinet Pieces $ hi$ Tafte however, in regard to the Defigning Part, was nothing fuperior he ow r ns, to that of R-ubens . In the fame Room where this fine Picture of King Charles I. is, there are two capital Pictures over the Doors.* The SubjeCl or the Firfl is, the Scripture-Hiftory of David cut- ting off Goliath's Head. The Former is here represented as a very little Perfbn. The Head of the Latter is very large, and of a fine dead Colour. T he Sword likewise, with which n was cut off,, is very large. This beautiful Piece was painted by Petti, of whom we have ^ already given a fhort Account. The Other, which is a Reprefientatjon of the * Holy Family ^ was painted by Correggio , of whom Du Prep- noy gives this Account, that he painted at Part?ia two large Cupola’s in Freico, and lome Altar-Pieces. This Artift found out certain natural and unaffected Graces, Fays he, for his Madonna's, his Saints, and little Child- ren, which wwre peculiar to him. Tho’ his Maimer is exceeding great, yet neither the Defign, nor theWork is perfectly correct. His Pencil w r as both ealy and delightful, and it muff be acknowledg’d that he painted with great Strength, gt^eat Heigh tiling, great Sweet- nefs, and Li velineis of Colours, in which none excell’d him. He had Fuch a Manner of diffributing his Lights, as was peculiar to himfelf 5 which gave * great Force and Roundnefs to his Fi- gures He would extend a large Light, and E then jo Tte ROYAL PAL ACE then make it lofe itlelf infeniibly in the Dark Shadowing, which he plac’d out of the Mal- les w T ith liirpriiing Art. And thole give them that Round nels, without our being capable of perceiving from whence fuch Force, and fuch an agreeable Amufement to the Eye ariles. In all Probability, continues Du Frefnoy, the reft of the Lombard School copied him in this Particular. He was not, however, over-curi- ous in his Choice of the moft graceful Atti- tudes, neither had he the Talent of letting a Group of Figures in the moft advantageous Tight : Kis Defigns are frequently imperfect, and the Pofitions in them not duly obferv’d. Tho’ the Afpefis of his Figures are too often dilagreeable to the Eye } yet his Manner of defigning Heads, Hands, Feet, and other Parts, is very great, and juftly deferves our Imitation. His Art was moft conlpicuous in conducing his Pictures, and knowing when to leave off} for there was futh an Union in his Painting, that his greateft Works leem’d to have been the Performance only of a Day $ and appear as if we law them from a Looking - Glafs . ~ His Landlcapes are no lefs beautiful than his Figures, and the juft Objects of our Admiration. Mr. Richardfon gives an Inftance of this Painter’s Fancy, in & Danae of wherein he has finely exprels’d the Senle of that Storys for upon the Dei cent of the Golden Shower, Cu- pid draws off her Linen, and twoLoves are trying a Dart tipp’d with Gold upon a Touch-ftone. This Of HAMPTON COUR T. 5 1 This ANTONIO A LIE GRI y generally call’d Correggio , from the Place where he was born, in the Dukedom of Modena , was a Man of i'uch natural Parts, that nothing but his unhappy Education, which gave him no Op- portunities of fludying Abroad, or of consult- ing the Antients, in order to perfect himieJf in Defign, prevented him from being the moil confpicuous Painter in the World. He had a Gem us however fo fublime, and was Matter of a Pencil fo inexpreffibly loft, tender, and beautiful, that Gmlio Romano y on feeing a Leda and a naked Venus y which he painted for Frederick Duke of Modena y as Prefents for the Emperor, was pleas’d to declare, that it was impoffible, in nis Opinion, for any Thing of Colours to go beyond them. His chief Works are at Modena wA Parma y at which laft Place he fpent the greateft Part of his Life in Ob- fcunty, and work’d hard to maintain his'Fa- mily, which was fomewhat large, without meeting with that Encouragement which was due to his Merit. He was extremely humble and inodefl in his Deportment : He led a very religious Life, and was much lamented at his Death, which hap- pen’d in the Fortieth Year of his Age (m i 534) by drinking Igme cold Water, when he was over hot, and over fatigu’d with carrying home lome Copper Money y to the Value of a- bout fixty Crowns, which he had receiv’d for )ne of his Pieces. E a The 5 2, Tfe ROYAL PALACE The other Furniture of this Room confifls of a rich Chair of State and Stools, two large Marble Tables between the Windows, with Pier-Glafles up to the Ceiling, and two Pair of fine gilt Stands: The Window-Curtains arc Tiflue, with a Silver Ground. There are lix Silver Sconces on the Tapeftry, which is rich- ly woven in with Gold, but, is very ancient - y tne Subject, the Scripture-Story of Abraham lending his Servants to get a W ife for Ifaac . The State-Bed-Chamber, Over the Doors are two * Pieces of Flowers beautifully painted by Baptift . Over the Chimney is a whole Length of the Dutchefs of fork ( Daughter of the Lord Chancellor Hyde, and Mother to Queen Mary and Queen Anne) painted by Van S ornery un- der which, and over the two Doors is a large Collection of China y plac’d there by Queen Mary y who was peculiarly fond of that Sort of Ware. The Tapeftry is the Hiftory of JoJhua y all round the Room, which is very fpacious. The Ceiling was painted by Verrio. The Subject of one Part of it is Bndymion and the Moon : Endymion is lying with his Head in M*r-phei‘f s Lap, and Diana , in her Crefcenf, viewing him with the utmoft Attention as he flee js . The 0/HAMPTON CO URT. j* The Story is this. Endymion, who was a peculiar Favourite of the Moon, was the Son of Mthltus , and Grand fon of Jupiter , who took him up into Heaven, where he attempted to violate the Chaftity of Juno , u- pon which Jupiter caft him into a perpetual Sleep : Diana hid him from the Sight of Ju- piter, in a Cave on Mount Latmos , where fhe had fifty Daughters by him, and amongft o- thers a Son, called A'.tolus , from whom the Country of Hyanthis took the Name of J£- tolia , ENDDMION , in reality, was a good and juft King of Elis , and an Aftronomer, who ffudy’d tne Motions of the Moon, and for that Realbn would frequently pafs whole Nights in the moft retir’d Places, in order to make his Oblervations on her without Interruption. On another Part of the Cieling is a fine Fi- gure of Somnus, or Sleep, with his Attendants. In the Border are four Landfcapes, and four Boys, with Baskets ofFlowers, intermix’d with PoVmics. Tne Bed is of Crimfon Velvet, lac’d with Gold, and adorn’d with white Plumes of Fea- thers on the Top. There are likewile in this Room eight Silver Sconces chas’d, with the Judgment of Solomon upon them; a fine black and Gold India Screen; a large Pier Glafs, or- namented with Glafs, that is cut and ting’d with blue; a Marble Table, and two gilt Stand*: And in one Corner, an eight-Day Clock in a Walnut-tree Cale, 54 Thi ROYAL PALACE The ICING ’s Drissing-Room, Over the Doors are fine Flower-Pieces by BaptiJJ . The Cieling is painted by Verrio , the Sub- je£l, Mars and Venus . Mars is fleeping in Venus * s Lap* leveral Cupids are Healing away his Armour* lome his Coat, others his Shield, Helmet, Sword and Spear* while others are binding him about the Legs and Arms with. Fettersof Roles. The Border is embelliih’d with JeflTamin, Orange Trees in Pots, and feveral Sorts of Birds. The Room is about twelve Feet long, and fix wide * and in it arc two Windows, with rich Window Curtains, a neat Table between them, on which Hands a Clock* and on the right Hand is a curious Weather-Glafs. The Hangings areof Straw-colour’d India Damask* the Chair, and Screen are of the fame. The KING’S Writing-Closet. Over each Door is a Piece of Flowers by Baptifty in a contrail: Tafte * and over the Chimney is a fine Picture by Bougdane of all Sorts of*Birds* the Peacock in Front, and the principal Figure, In Of HAMPTON COURT, yy In the left Hand Corner is a curious Wea- ther-Glafs $ and in another Part of the Room, an Indian Cabinet, fill’d at top with fine China* plac’d there by the late Queen Mary . This Clofet is of a Triangular Form, and has two Windows. The Hangings and Stools are of a Pea-Green India Damask $ there is a fine CoMeflion of China over the Chimney, and a Glafs there fo plac’d, as to fhew all the Rooms that are on that Side of the Building at once. QUEEN MARTs Closet. Over the Chimney is an ancient Painting, faid to be Rafaelle's, but if lb, it muft cer- tainly have been in his younger Days : ’Tis a Reprefentation of Jupiter's Throne, by which is the Thunder, and his Eagle in the Clouds, with fome Figures in the Pofture of Suppliants, notwithftandingJ^/V^r is ablent. The Hangings are all Needlework, wrought by the Queen’s own Hand : Here are likewife an Eafy-Chair, four others, and a Screen, all faid to be the Work likewife of that pious Queen, whole Beauty, good Senfe, and other fine Accomplifhments made her univerfally belov’d, and rever’d by all that knew her. The Work we are now fpeaking of muft be allow’d to be extremely neat 5 and in par- < tvt\\Ur, the Figures, which are chiefly Flow- ers, The ROYALPAL AC E ers, are all well fhadowM, perhaps equal to the beft Tapeftry, and ihew great Judgment in the Drawing. In this Clolet, which is but fmall, arethrec Windows. Here is a fine Pier-Glals, with a blue Border; a large Table and pair of Standsr of Lead, inlaid with Brafs, and a curious Par- cel of China over the Chimney 5 a gilt Tea? Table, and a writingDesk. The En® of the K I N G 5 s A p a r t m e n .t. THE j 2_£7 E E N’s APARTMENT. 7 he QUEEN’S Galley. H I S is likewife call’d the Tapejlry Gal - and is about feventy Feet long, and twenty-five Feet wide $ where hang the feven fine Pieces of Tapeftry, which contain the Hif- tory of Alexander the Great , done after the famous Painting! of Le Bran, an Account of whofe Life we lhall give our Readers in this Place. CHARLES LE BRUN was born at Paris > in 161c, and came info the World v h air the happy Difpofitions requifite to form a great Matter. 58 The ROYAL PALACE Mafter. He began his Studies under the Di- rection of Simon Vcuet , and finiih’d them at Rcme y by the Indulgence of Monjieur the Chancellor Seguier , who firft took Notice of him, by feeing him one Day with his Father, who was a common Carver, that was employ’d in the Gardens of the Hotel Seguier , and fre- quently brought his Son with him, in order to make him copy fome Defigns after him. Monfieur Seguier , one Day walking in his Gardens, faw the Lad Dejigning , and obferv’d that he did it in a very pretty Tafte, and with fuch Eale, for one of his Years, as gave juft Hopes of a rifing Genius 5 he recommended him therefore to Vcuet , who was at that time painting the Library of the Hotel Seguier . LE BRUN y when but fifteen Years of Age, drew two Piftures, that furpriz’d the Paint- ers of thofe Times : The firft was the Portrait of his Grandfather $ and the other was a Re- prefen tat ion of Hercules knocking down Lif- tnedes’s Horles. The Chancellor Seguier , forne Time after, perceiving by Le Brun% Ambition to learn, and the Progrefs he had made in his Art, that he u'aa well qualify’d for travelling, fent him into Italy % in 1639,. where for three Years fucceflively he allow’d him a very handfome Penfion. The firft Tcftimonies of his more than com- mon Abilities, after his Return Home, were the Brize Piflures y which he painted two Years together for the Church of Notre Dame. The 0/HAMPTON C O IT R T. 59 The firft Tear he painted the Martyrdom of St. Peter $ and the fecond, that of St. Ste- phen. His Reputation was now lb well effabli fh’d, that Monneur Foucquyt, Superintendant of the Finances, employ’d him to paint his fineHoufe at Faux le Vicomte, and in order to engage him wholly in his Service, not only paid him for his Work, but allow’d him a Penfion of twelve Thou land Livres a Year befidcs. After Mr. Foncquet fell into Difgrace, his Pencil had obtain’d fuch a Chara£ler, that the King, on the Recommendation of Monfieur Colbert , made him his principal Painter, and ennobled him, and honour’d him with the Order of St . MichaeL His Genius was lively, penetrating, and e- qual to whatever he undertook. His Inven- tion was eafy, and his Talent univerfal, Land- scapes only excepted. His Colouring, indeed was not lb much admir’d ; nor was the Di- ilribution of his Lights and Shadows fo art- ful, as could have been wifh’d $ but his Tafte for Defigning, his fine Choice of Attitudes, the agreeable Manner in which hedilpos’d his Draperies, the Juftnefis of his Exprelfion, and, in a Word, his ftrifl Regard for the De- corum, mull ever be approv’d of, and be ad- mir’d by the nicefl J udges. His capital Works are the Ceilings of the Gallery, and grand Stair-Cafe of Ver failles $ and his large Pieces contain the Hiftory of A- lexander the Great : The Tapeftry at Hamp- ton tfo The ROYAL PALACE ton Court , and the Prints likewife which are done from them, are fufficient of them lei vea to render his Name immortal. He feem’d to have a peculiar Regard for the Roman School , in poinr of Defign, but as to Style and Taftc, he inclin’d to imitate that of Bologna, and particularly follow’d the Manner of that grea t Mafter Annibale Car acci. BE BRUN publifh’d two Differtations $ one of Phyjicgnomy, and the other of the Pal- lions. He procur’d feveral very valuable Ad- vantages for the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, in Paris $ laid the Plan of a new One for the Students of his own Nation, in Rome 5 and there was nothing of any Im- portance done for the Advancement of the li- beral Arts, before Le Brun was confulted. He was constituted Superintendant of the Manufactures, at the Gobelines : And having govern’d, for leveral Years, all the King’s Ar- tificers there, like the Father of a Family, he died among them, univerfally belov’d, and much lamented, in the feventieth Year of his Age, in his Lodgings at the Gobelines, in the Year 1690. His Tomb is in a Chapel, w 7 hich he purchas’d in the Church of St. Nicholas die Chardcnnet , where there is a magnificent Maufoleum ereCted to his Memory, by his Widow. 7’he fine Pieces of Tapeftry we are now fpeaking of, are not difpos’d in the Gallery according to the Rules of Chronology, but ac- cording to the Uniformity of their Sizes 5 for lome Of H A M P T O N COU R T. 61 feme of the lull AClions of Alexander Life ffand firft. There are leven diltmcl Hilaries therein reprefen ted, of which weihall takedue Notice in their proper Places. There have been many Prints of thele tine Pieces of Tapeftry publi fil’d by very good Hands} but the moil curious are thole, engrav’d by Gerard Audran 9 of which there were but a few Sets work’d off, and the Copper Plates were afterwards gilt with Gold, and lodg’d in the French King’s Clofet. What Sets are new to be had, iell at a very extravagant Price. We fhall here amufe our Readers with the Character of Alexander , ext racted from Frein- Jljemius . ALEXANDER improv’d lb much under the wile Directions of his great Mailer Jriffo- tie , that he was enabled thereby to put in Execution the great Things which he af- terwards undertook. In his younger Years, however, Leonidas , a Relation of his Mother Olympias , and Lyjimachus of Arcanania were his Governors and Preceptors. A Phyfician Jikewile, whofe Name was Philips was plac’d near him, and a N urle, one Hellanica , was found out for him, who was both temperate and dii- creet. She was the Daughter of Dropis , and of one of the bell Families in all Mace den. This Care in his Education had lb good an EffeCt, that, evenwhillla Child, he gave large F Pro £2 ROYAL PALACE Promifes of being that great Prince, which af- terwards he appear’d to be. He was remark- able in his Infancy for an extraordinary Strength of Body, and he dilcover’d betimes an Hero- ick Genius, far beyond what could be realon- ably expected at his Age. Tho’ he was agree- able and handiome, yet he defpis’d all Orna- ments made ufe of to let off his Perlon, lay- ing, That the Care cf fuch Trifles belong'd on- ly to Pi omen , who could gain Efteem by no great- er Advantages 5 but that he Jhould think him- felf handfome enough , fo he was but pojjefs'd of Virtue. His Limbs were well proportion’d, and his Joints well knit and ftrong $ and as he was but of a moderate Stature, he was much Itron- ger than he feem’d to be. He had a white Skin, tho’ his Checks and Bread were ffain’d with an agreeable Red. His Hair was of a Gold Colour, and fell down in Ringlets $ his Nole was aquiline, and what was lomewhat particular, his Eyes were of different Colours^ the Left being blue, and the Right of a per- fect black. There was in them however luch a fecret Virtue, that no one could behold him without Fear and Veneration. He was fo ve- ry affive and nimble, that he would frequent- ly run for a Prize with the Iwifteft about him. He endur’d Fatigue with a Patience that was almoffc incredible ; and often-times, by the Practice of this Virtue, he prefer v’d his Ar- my in Times of the greateft Diftrefs. By Of HAMPTON COURT. ^ ...By h is repeated Exercifes, and the natural Warmth of his Conftitution, he fo purg’d off all bad Humours, that not only his Breath, but his Body diffus’d fuch an agreeable Odour, as even perfum’d his Cloaths : And there are fome who imagine, that his too great Affec- tion for Wine, and his exceffive Indulgence of his other Paflions were principally owing to this Heat of Blood. In the Time of Quintus Curtius there were Pictures and Statues of him to be feen, of the mod: excellent Workrnanfhip 5 for that his Perfon might not Puffer under the Hands of any unskilful Painters or Sculptors, he pub- lickly declar’d, that whoever prelam’d either to paint his Picture, or carve his Bufb, with- out his free Permiffion, fhould feel the Weight of his Relentment. Tho’ there were leveral good Workmen at that Time, y zt Apelles was the only Man that had his Conlent, and painted his Picture to pleale him • tyrgo teles grav’d him on preci- ous Stones, and Lyfrttpus and PolycJetus repre- lented him on Medals. His Governor, Leonidas , being apt to walk too faff, Alexander caught the Imperfection from him, and was never able to correct that confirm’d Habit afterwards. It muft be al low’d indeed, that the Force of Education is very prevalent, but it is moft probable, that this was to be imputed to this Prince’s natural Temper, rather than to the Example of his Tutor 5 for it is in lome Mealurc requisite, F 2 that 6i 7&ROYAL P A L A C E that the Motions of the Body Zhou Id follow the impetuous Ardour of the Spirits. But his SucccfTors were io far from reckoning this Impetuofity as an Imperfection, that' they were fond of imitating him in it, as they did likewile in his wry Neck, his fledfaft Look, and elevated Voice, tho’ they were incapable of imitating him in his Courage and Virtue. r f here were many of them in haft, v. hole long Lives had nothing in them comparable to his Childhood. He never fa id any Thing that was mean ; but all his Words and Actions furpafs’d his fortune : For tho’ he was fond of Applaufe, yet he was ambitious of having it proceed from 1 uch Things as were the moft laudable. IV-ai.lt* arifing from mean Things, in his Opi- nion, was inglorious, and he always look’d upon a Victory as the more valuable, the more the Enemy he vanqui/h’d was valu’d and ef- teem’d. for which Rcafon, when he was ] reis’d by fome F riends to enter himfelf among the Competitors at the Olympic k Games, and told, that by his Dexterity and Addrefs he might gain the Efteem of all Greece ^ he an- fwer’d, Had I Kings to contend with } I would hearken to your P repo fa Is . Whenever his Father Philip either gain’d any remarkable Vtflory, or took a Fort of a- ny Importance, he could not forbear /hewing /bine Concern for his Succefs, as thinking that his Father would lea ve nothing for him to de> when he was able to hear Arms. He lock’d upon Of HAMPTON COUR T. 65 upon all his Father’s Acquifitions as Diminu- tions of his Glory, and the Love of Fame was his darling Paftion. Tho’ Nature requires Reft lometimes, yet he indulg’d himlelf that Way as little as poftible. If any thing of Importance happen’d, that demanded a more than ordinary Attention, he would uie Arts to prevent his fleeping, tho’ it was never fo late. And for that Rea- fon, when in Bed, he would hold a filver Ball in his Hand over a Bafon, that the Nolle of it, when it fell, might immediately awake him. From his Infancy he had a religious Regard for the Gods, and gave early Teftimonics of his uncommon Courage and enterprizing Ge- nius. As foon as kisMind was fit for lerious Studies, Ariftotle was lent for, andconftantjy at- tended him, ’till, upon the Death of his Father, he came to the Crown, and undertook an Ex- pedition into AJia 5 during whichTime, he learnt every Thing that fo great a Mafter, and fo famous a Philofopher, could poffibly teach him. He ftudy’d the Art of Elocution Jikewife, under Anaximenes of Lampfacum , which preierv’d that City, when he had determin’d to demoliih it for having lided with the Per- Jtans . ALEXANDER fticw’d a greater Venera- tion for the Works of Hvmer , than for all the Mon.uments of Antiquity, and was of Opini- ^3 on 66 The ROYAL PALACE on that no One had defcrib’d tha' ’* 1 that Perfection that he had. He carry’ d his Works always about him, and when a- bed, he laidThat, and his Sword together under his Pillow, calling them his Military Art , and the befi Provifion for the IVar. He envy’d Achilles for having lb divine a Poet to cele- brate his Virtues. We come now to amufe our Readers with a i'uccindt Account of thole particular Actions which are fo beautifully delineated on the le- verai Pieces of Tapcflry, which render this Gallery lb juftly the Object of Admiration, and ffrike the Eye w ith fuch an agreeable Surpriie. , The First Story, in order of Time, tho’ the third in point of Pofition, is that of Alexander and his Horfe Bucephalus. He fhew’dbis undaunted Courage as well as extraordinary Dexterity, to the Alloniih- ment of his Father, and every one elle, in his Management of the Horfe Buchephalusf fo call’d, becaufe he was mark’d with an Ox’s Head. Tho’ TkeJJaly w r as in great Reputation for its Hordes, yet Bucephalus was ftronger, and more beautiful than all the Reft $ for which Reafon, Philonicus of Pharfaha , think- ing him fit only for a great Prince, brought him to Philip , and offer’d to fell him for fix- teen Talents 5 but upon Tryal, in an open Wildom by which Governments Field, Of HAMPTON CO U R T. 67 Field, notone among the King’s beft Equer- ries, or any of his Retinue could manage him^ he role with fuch Fury, that he threw every one that attempted to mount him, lo that they look’d upon him with an Eye of Contempt, as a Horie that was untraffable and ulelels. Whereupon Alexander faid with fome Con- cern, What a fine Horfie thefie People lofe^ thro ’ their Ignorance and Want of Courage ! Having repeated this Exprefiion feveral Times, his Father reprimanded him forfinding Fault with the beft and moll experienc’d Horfemen, and talking as if he imagin’d, that he could ma- nage luch an ungovernable Creature better than they : Alexander upon this, offer’d to make the Attempt, with his Father’s Permil- fion. But, faid Philips What mill you forfeit , if you cannot accomplifh what you pretend to ? *The Price of the Horfe y faid Alexander . At this every one ftnil’d, and it was agreed una- nimoufly, that in Cajehe won, his Father Jhould pay for the Horfe : if not , he (hould depoftte the Money himfelf Upon this, Alexander , laying hold of the Horle’s Bridle, turn’d him towards the Sun, in fuch a Manner, that his Shadow Itiould not ftartle him , for he had oblerv’d, that the Sight of it made him more untra£labJe : But finding him ftill hot and fiery, he gently ftrok’d him, and laying hold of a favourable Opportunity, leap’d at once upon his Back, notwithftanding he was ftill in his Fury. Bucephalus , at this, unus’d to a Rider, flung 68 The ROYAL PALACE his Heels and his Head about ; and drain- ing the Curb and Bridle, ran away full Speed. He was at that Time in a fpacious Plain, that was fit for riding in : So Alexander gave him the Rein, fet his Spurs to his Sides, and made him run with all the Vigour and Fury that he could : Nay, when he perceiv'd that he began to tire, and ieem’d willing to flop, he Hi 11 fpurr’d him on till he was quite fpent, and having thus tam'd him, he brought him back to his Father, as gentle as could be wilh’d, and very fit for future Service. PHIL I , upon Alexander* s demounting; embrac’d him, and with Tears of Joy cried out, Macedonia will be too narrow an Empire for tbs %reat Spirit . BUCEPHALUS tho’ thus tam’d by Alex- ander, maintain’d his Original Fiercenefs, and would fubmit to nobody elfe. And after he h?d ferv’d him in leveral fucceisful En- gagements, and help’d him out of many Dan- gers, he was kill’d at laft in a Battle againft Fonts . The greateft Artifts have thought this Sto- ry a Subject worthy of their Pencils, and ca- pable of tranfmi tting their N ames to lateft Pc fie- ri ty. There are two Statues of Alexander taming this Bucephalus , which were carv’d by rax - itiles and Phidias , as a Piece of Rivalfhip, and a Difplay of their utmoft Art. The Of HAMPTON COU Pv T. 6 9 The Second Story is the Vifit of Alex- an ler to Diogenes, The next Part of Alexander' s.Story, in Or- der ot Time, is in that Piece of the Tapeflry which is over.the Chimney, where he is rep re- tented as paying a Vifit to Diogenes, the Cy- nick Philoiopher, who had made Choice of a voluntary Poverty, and preferr’d Liberty and Retirement from the World to all other lub- 1 u na r y E i ljo y men t s . At that Time he liv’d in the Craneum , which was the Suburb of Cor/ nth, and where there was a lolitary Grove of Cyprefs. Alex- ander, having the Curiofity to ice him, went to this Receis, where he found him walking, and aiTur’d him, let him ask for whatever Fa- vours he thought proper, that they Ihould im- mediately be granted him. The Philoiopher then requefted Alexander to {land a little on one Si.de, that he might not keep the Sun from him, which was a more valuable Bleffing than any other he could pol- fibly confer on him. The King was io agreeably furpris’d at this unexpended Anfiwer of Diogenes, (whom he found he had it not in his Power, even in the Height of his good Fortune to oblige ) that he declar’d, If he was not Alexander, he could wifh to he Diogenes. This Prince’s Greatnefs of Soul, which made him view, as from an Eminence, moft of thoic Things Of HAMPTONCOURT. 70 Things which attract the Generality of Man- kind, and make them run headlong, as it were, into unavoidable Deftrufti on, had not fb much undeceiv’d him, but that, blinded with Ambition, and an mfatiablc Thirft after Glory, he could not fee how much happier it was to want nothing, than to be poffds’d of all the Superfluities that the World could pofii- bly afford him. The Third Story is the Paflacrc of Alex - o ander over the Granicus . When Alexander came with his Army into the Plains of Adrafiea , through which the Granicus ran with great Rapidjty, a Party of thole who were lent before, with Hegelochus , to reconnoitre the Enemy, brought Word, that the Per (tans were drawn up in Battalia on the other Side of the River. W hereupon he halt- ed for fome Time, and call’d all his Generals together, to confult with them about his Pai- fage over the River. Moll of them were of O- pinion, that it was a ralh and imprafticable Attempt to Item the Current of that River, in full View of fo many thoufand Horfe and Foot, that were drawn upon the other Side $ efpecially as the Bank itfelf was very fieep, and of difficult Accefs. Others luggefted, that it was then the Month Jdejius , (anlwering to our June ) which the Macedonians were too lenflble was very fatal to them. Tho* Of H AMFTON COUR T. 71 Tho’ ALEXANDER , regarded not the Dan- ger, yet he did not delpife the Superftition^ as he knew very well what Force a Scr 11 pie of Re- ligion always had over the narrow Conceptions of the V ulgar. He order’d therefore, that this dangerous Month fliould be call’d Arte « mifius , which was the Name of the preceding Month : And, the better to compofe the Minds of thole who were alarm’d at this Alteration, he caus’d Arifiander , who was appointed to make Oblations for their fafe Paflagc, to be fecretly inftrudied to write with an artificial Ink, on that Hand which was to receive the Entrails, and to invert the CLara&ers, fo that the Liver when impos’d upon it, might at- tract the lame, by its Heat, and exprefs the Words in a proper Manner $ which were, That the Gods had given the Fitfory to Alexander. This Miracle being artfully fpread abroad, infpir’d every one with fuch mighty Hopes, that they unanimoufly declar’d, in loud Accla- mations, That after fuch Tokens of the Favour of Heaven, there was no Room tp doubt of the defir' d Succefis . Parmenio , however, endeavour’d to prevail on the King to flay ’till the next Day, at lealt, before he engag’d the Enemy, becaufc the greateftPart of that Day was lpent 5 but Alexander, thinking it moreadvifeable to make Ufc of that Dilpofition of Mind which his Men were at that Juncture in, led them on forth- with ; and laid to Parmenio , by way of Rail- lery, That the Helclpont would have Reafon to 7 2 The ROYALPALAC K / againft King James , only bare Sulpi- cions and naked Conje&ures, which probably were but Fruits of the blacked Malice. Ci- thers are contented with accufing the Vifcount Rochejler of this Crime, but without any man- ner of Proof. Some flight Prefumptions may have help’d to breed this Supicion, which in- deed was fpread immediately after the Prince’s Death: Wherefore his Head and Body were order’d to be laid open, in the Prefence of many Phyficians and Surgeons, who gave their Q- pinion upon Oath, that no Marks of Poifon appear’d. But what reflected moft u- pon the King, was his commanding, that no Perlon fhould appear at Court in Mourning $ whether he was willing to remove all melan- colic Obje£ls from his Sight, that might con- ftantly renew his Concern, or did not think proper to interrupt theDiverfions prepar’d for his Daughter’s Marriage. Decency oblig’d him, however, to defer the Nuptials a tew Weeks, as the Prince’s Funeral could not be perform’d till the 7 th of the next Month ( De- cember .) The Prince died on the tfth of No- vember, 1612 . Among the Perfons of Worth and Honour, who fhar’d this Prince's Eftecm, Sir Waiter Ralegh was not the leaft confiderable, for whom he had fuch a Regard, that he would fay S 4 The ROYAL PALACE fay, “ fure no King but my Father would u keepfuch a Bird in a Cage. He kept a conftant Correfpondence with that great Man by Letters and Meffages, and often, though unfucccfsfully, folicited. nis Father for his Liberty. In the Princess laft lllnefs, the Queen fent to Sir Walter Raleigh For fome of his Cordial, which flie herfelf had taken in a Fever, fome Time before, with remarkable Succefs. Ra- leigh lent it, together with a Letter to the Queen, wherein he exprefs’d a tender Concern for the Prince $ and, boafting of his Medicine, Humbled unluckily upon an Expreffionto this Purpofe; That it would certainly cure him^or any other , of a Fever , except in Cafes of Pci* fon. The Prince dying, though he took the Me- dicine, the Queen, in the Agony of her Grief, .fhew’d Raleigh's Letter, and laid lo much Weight on the Expreflion about Poifon, that, to her Dying-Day, fhe could not be perl'uaded, but that her beloved Son had foul Play fhewn him. If this be true, might not there be a Strefs too confidently laid on this Medicine, .infup- pofing, that nothing but Poilbn could refill the Power of it? and perhaps there was lame Inad- vertency in ftarting fuch a Sufpicion in a fond Mother. TheCeiling of this Bed-chamber was paint- ed by thelateSir JamesThornhilL The Subject is, Aurora riling out of the Ocean in her golden Chariot, Of HAMPTON COURT. 8y Chariot, drawn by four White Horfes. In the Cornice are four Pourtraits, one on every Side. I. His late Majefty King George I. H. His preient Majefty. 111. Her late Majefty Queen Caroline . IV. His Royal Highnels the Prince of Wales. In this Chamber there is likewise a fine Bed of Crimion Damask, two Indian Sconces, and a Glals Luftre with Silver Nozzles. Tit QJJ EEN’s Dr awing-Room. The Ceiling here was painted by Signior Verrio , in the Middle of which, is the Figure of the late Queen Anne , * repreienting Juftice, with the Scales in one Hand, and the Sword in the other : She is dreft in a purple Robe, lin’d with Ermine j and Neptune and Britannia are holding a Crown over her Head. On the Sides of the Room are feveral other Paintings of Verrio , reprefenting the Britifh Fleet 5 Prince George ol Denmark pointing to it 5 and the four Parts of the World ihewnby four Figures j but thele were thought fo bad- ly executed, that they are now quite conceal’d, and cover’d over with green Damask Hang- ings, upon which are plac’d nine Pictures, three on each Side the Length of the Room, and three at the End $ thele Pieces were for- merly all in one, and of a prodigious Length, as may be dilcern’d by fome Parts of the Fi- ll gures $6 The ROYAL PALACE f jures, which have been cut afunderj and feme n one Place, and lome in another. The Vv hole Js a Triumph of ‘Julius Ctcjar, confifhng of a long Procdfion of Soldiers, Priefts, Offi- cers ot State, at the End of which, that Emperor appears in his triumphant Chariot, with Victory over his Head, crowning him with Laurel. It is painted in Water-Colours upon Canvas, by Andrea Mantegna , who was a JDilciple of Jacobo Squar done . With Rdpcft to this Painter, Mr. Graham allures us, that he was very correct in his De- figns^c urious in forejhortening his Figures, well skill’d in Perfpeffive , and familiarly acquain- ted with the Antiquities , by his conftant Ap- plication to the Statues , bajo Relievo's , &c. His Negleft, however, of leadening his Studies after the Antique , with the living Beauties of Nature , has made his Pencil 1'omewhat hard, and dry : His Drapery likewile is for the molt part too ftiff, according to the Mode of thofe Times, and too perplex’d with little Lolds. He was feveral Times employ’d by Pope Innocent the Eighth, and by other Princes of the highefl Diftinction: But the very belt of all his Works is this Triumph of Julius Ccefar y for which he receiv’d the Honour of Knight- hood, from the Marquifs Ludovico Gonzaga of Mantua * He was one of the firft that practis’d the Art of Engraving in Italy , which was then but Of H VMPTON COURT. 87 but lately found out by one Mafo Finiguerra , a Goldlmith of Florence . He died in the Year 15.17. The QJJ EEN’s State Audience- Room. There are five whole Length Pictures in this Room, all painted by Holbein . The Firfl reprefents the Dutchefs of Brunfiuick . The Second the Duke of Brunfiuick . The Third the Marchionefs of Rrunfwick , their Daugh- ter. The Fourth the Dutchefs of Lenox , and the Laft, the Queen of Scots. The Canopy of State is here very rich ; as arc alio the Tapeftry Hangings, the Story of which is the Children of Ifrael carrying the twelve Stones to the River Jordan , as related in the 4th Chapter of the Book of Jojhua . Hans Holbetn , born at Bajil in Switzerland , in the Year 1498, was educated under his Fa- ther $ by whofe Afliftance, and his own In- duftry and Application, he made a fpeedy Pro- grefs in the Art of Painting, ana acquir’d f’uch a Reputation by his Piece,entitled Death's Dance , which w*as hung up in the Town-hall of Bafif that the celebrated Erafmus , after he had oblig’d him to draw his Pidlure, fent him with it into England , and gave him Let- ters of Recommendation to Sir Thomas Moore , then Lord High-Chancellor , who entertain’d H 2 him 88 The ROYAL PALACE him with all the Refpefl imaginable, and em- ploy’d. him in making not only the Portrait of himfelf, but all his Family the Sight of which lb charm’d King Henry V 1 IL that he took him direftly into his Service, and by the many lignal Te ft i monies which he gave him of his Royal Bounty and Benevolence, made him highly refpecfted by all the Gentry and Nobility throughout the Kingdom. One of his heft Pieces was that of the faid King and his Queen, &c. at Whitehall $ which with leveral other curious Portraits , feme as big, and others lefs than the Life 5 and as well in Water-Colours , as in Frefco and 0/7, may chal- lenge a Place among thole of the moft celebra- ted Italian Mailers. Fie was confpicuous likewile for his pecu- culiar Talent of Invention , and forming new Leligns for Engravers , Sculptors , Jewellers , &c and was very remarkable for performing alibis Pieces with his left bland. Du Frefnoy , fpeaking of the German Paint- ers, fays, that Albert Durer and Holbein were wonderfully knowing, and had they tra veil’d into Italy , had certainly been of the firft Form of Painters. For nothing can be al- ledg’d again!! them, but that they had a Go - thic[ue Tafte. As for Holbein , continues he, he perform’d even better than Rafaelle 5 and 1 have feen a Portrait of his painting, that might Hand in Competition with moft of 77- tian’s , This Of HAMPTON COURT. 89 This great Artiftdied in London , of the Pkgue, in the Year 1554. \ The Dining-Room and Ball -R oom, Which is about fifty Feet Jong, and thirty wide. There are no Paintings in this Room 5 but ’t is embcllifh’d with a fine Marble Chimney- Piece, three Marble Door-Cates 5 and icveral large Mahogony Tables. The Presence-Chamber belonging to the Prince ^ WALES, Over one of the Doors is Guzman , over a~ not her Gundamor , two Spanijh EmbafTadors $ over the third is Madame Chatillon , the fa- ^ mous French Admiral’s Lady 3 and over the Chimney, Lewis XIII. of France , with a Walking-Stick in his Hand, and a Dog by his Side: All four Pictures painted by Hol- bein. The Tapeftry Hangings are of green Da- mask, wherein is curioufly wrought the Hif- tory of Tobit and Tobias. Here are two fine gilt Stands in the Form of Termini , and a Canopy of State, 90 The ROYAL PALACE The Drawing-Room belonging to the Prince of WALES. This Chamber is hung with Tapeftry, on which is wrought the Scripture-Hiftory of Elymas the Sorcerer ftruck blind, as related in the 13th Chapter of the^^r of the Apoftlesj this is taken from one of the Cartons , which we ihall Ipeak of in their proper Place. Over one of the Doors is a whole Length of Count Mansfield y that famous General of the Spaniards in the Low-Countries . Over a- nother is a whole Length of the Queen of Spahiy Wife to i hilip II. and over the Chim- ney, the Duke of JVirtembourg : All painted by Holbein . The Bed-ChAmeer belonging to the Prince WALES, Over one of the Doors, is a whole Length of the Prince of Parmay Governor of the Ne- therlands , over the Chimney-piece, a whole Length of the D.ke of Lunenbourgy Great Grand-father to his prefent Majefly 5 over a- nether Door, • hilip II. King of Spaing and over a third j the Queen of Denmark , Confort of Of H AM P T O N C O U R T. 91 of ChriJHan IV. Thefe are likewife painted by Holbein . The Bed is of green Damask. The Private Chapel. Here is nothing but a few Chairs, and an Octagonal Cupola at Top. The Private Bathing-Room. In this Room there is no Furniture worthy of Notice. The Private Dining-Room. Here are four Pictures of the Spanijh Arma- da, painted by Vande Velde ; and over the Chimney, a very fine one, by Van Dyck , of the Lord Effingham Howard , the Lord High Ad- miral of England . We fhall here * give our Readers a Jfhort Account of the Event of that important Enter- prize, extracted from Rapin . Philip of Spain y ever intent upon his Pro» je£t of invading England , prepar’d in Portu- gal, at Naples, and in Sicily, a Fleet, call’d the Invincible Armada . It confided of an Hundred and Fifty great Ships, in which were pi The ROYAL PALACE were embark’d nineteen Thoufand Men, and two Thoufand fix Hundred and Thirty Pieces of Cannon. It was to have been commanded by the Marquifs De Santa Cruz , but that Admiral dying whilfl the Fleet was equip- ping, the Duke De Medinu-celi was appoint- ed in his Room. On the other Hand, the Duke of Parma had caus’d an Army of thirty Thouland Men to advance towards the Coafts of the Low-Ccun- tries, and prepar’d a great Number of Vef- fels to tranfport them, in order to join the Spanifh Fleet, and land in England . The Project was to flation the Fleet at the Mouth of the Thames ) to affift the Troops who were to march dire&ly to London . Queen Elizabeth , w T ho wanted not good Spies, having timely Notice of thele great Preparations, provided for the Defence of her Kingdom with great Care and Diligence. She fitted out a confiderable Fleet, which however was inferior to that of Spain , both in the Number, and the Largenelsof the Ships* and gave the Command of it to Charles Lord Howard of Effingham , High Admiral of England, who was very expert in Sea- Affairs. He had for Vice-Admirals, Drake , Hawkins , and Forbi (her , three of the beft Sea-Offieers in the World. On Of H AMP T ON C O U R T. 93 On the other Hand, Henry Seymour , fecond Son of the late Duke of Scmerfet , lay upon the Coaft of Flanders, with forty Sail, Eng - lijh and Dutch, to hinder the Prince of Parma, from joining the S pant fa Fleet. Moreover, Elizabeth had in England an Army of forty Thoufand Men, whereof three Thoufand un- der the Command of the Earl of Leicefier , were ported near the Thames Mouth. The reft were near the Queen’s Perfon, ready to march where it rtiould be thought neceffary. Befides this, there was in each County a Body of Militia well arm’d, under Leaders, who had Orders to join one another, as Occafion ihould require. It is certain, that there arc no Train’d- Bands in the World more proper for a bold Aclion, than thofe of the Englifh : So in cafe the Spaniards had landed, they would have met with their Match. The Sea-Ports were fortify’d,as much as the Time w'ould permit, and Signals were every where appointed, to fhew the Places where the Troops were to march. In fhort, it was re- lolv’d, that if the Spaniards made a Defcent, the Country round about them Ihould be laid wafte, that they might have nothing to lub- fift upon but what they brought from the Fleet. This was the Courfe taken by Francis I. in Provence againft Charles V. with Succefs that anfwer’d his Expectations. Theft Meafures being 6 7 he ROY AL PAL ACE lijh, made it eafy for thcfe laft to Hand oft' or on, as they law fit, and fo to balance the Supe- riority of their Enemies. The Tryal the Spa- niards made, on this Qccafion, of the Engliflj Valour and Skill in Sea-Engagements, began, doubtlcfs, to give them quite another Notion of their Enterprize, from what they had hither- to conceiv’d. • In the mean while, the Duke de Medina - celt lent daily MefTengers to prefs the Duke of Parma to put to Sea with his Army. But that was not practicable, by reafon of the Engltfh and Dutch Ships, being polled advanta- gioufly to hinder the J unflion. It was neceffary for the Spaniards to approach the Coaft of Flanders , to compel them to retire. But the 27th, in the Evening, they were no farther off then Calais , where they came to an Anchor, being ftill follow’d by the Englijh , who lay within Shot. Here the Englifh Fleet was join’d by a good Number of Ships, not only of the Queen’s, but divers private Per foils, who had fitted out leveral at their own Ex- , pence. And now the Fleet confided of an hundred and forty Ships of War* lmall indeed in Companion of the Spanijh , but however with the Advantage of moving more cafily, and retiring into the Ports of England in Cafe of Neceflity. The Duke of arma , who was to fail from Dunkirk and Newport , was ftill earneftly fblicited by the Duke de Medi- na-celi to put to Sea, and make a Defcent in Eng - • Of HAMPTON COURT. 97 England , as it had been refolv’d. But, be- fides that the Ships which expeffed him were not yet withdrawn, notwithftanding the Neigh- bourhood of the Spanijh Armada , many of his Mariners had deferted, and his Fleet was ill provided with Vidluals. In fhor t, he could not, or would not embark. Whilft the Spaniards lay before Calais , the Englijh Admiral lent, in the Night, eight Fire-Ships among their Fleet. This Sight ftruckthem with fuch a Terror, that inftant- ly cutting their Cables, they put to Sea to a- void impending Danger. In this Confufion the Admiral-Galeafs, commanded by Hugo de Moncada , having loft her Rudder, floated up and down till the next Day, when /he was ta- ken by the Englijh , after a /harp Engagement, wherein Moncada was flain. Though the Spanijh Admiral had order’d every Ship tore- turn to her Station as foon as the Danger was paft, and made a Signal for thatPurpole, there were but few that endeavour’d to obey. So the Fleet? remain’d difpers’d, fbme of the Ships being driven to the North, and others upon the Shallows of Flanders , where they were in great Danger. They had not only to guard againft the Sands , but alfb againft the Eng- lijhy who fo play’d upon them with their Can- non, that leveral Spaniflj Ships were that Day dilabled, and the Galeons, call’d St. Philip and St. Matthew , fell into the Hands of the Zealanders » I At 5>S 7& R O Y A L PALACE At laft, a North- Weft Wind driving the Fleet upon the Coaft of Zealand , where they were like to be loft, the Englifh gave over the Chace, for fear of being expos’d to the fame Danger. Happily for the Spaniards , the Wind turn’d to the South- Weft very leafona- bly, and freed them from their Diftrefs. But now, perceiving the Impofftbility of executing their Project, they relolv’d to return Home, by failing round Scotland and Ireland , and the rather, as lbme of their Ships had already fleer’d that Courfe. The Englijh Admiral feeing them ftand to the Northward, left Part of his Fleet to have an Eye upon the Coaft of Flanders , and gave them Chace, though at a little Diftance, till they were paft Edinbourg-Fnth . The Courfe they fleer’d gave lbme Sufpicion, that they were fure of a Retreat in the Ports of Scot - land . Whereupon the Englifh^ Ambaffador at King James's Court, made him large Offers, and even lbme Promifes, which he had not Power to make, and which were never per- form’d In the mean Time, the Spanifh Fleet, con- tinuing their Courfe, fuftain’d lbme farther Damage by contrary Winds, which caus’d fe- veral of their Ships to be loft on the Coaft of Scotland and Ireland . Seven Hundred Sol- diers and Mariners, who efcap’d to Land in the King of Scotland's Dominion, were fent to Of H AM P T ON COURT. 99 to the Duke of Parma with Queen Elizabeth's Con lent. But thofe who were /hipwreck’d in Ireland , and call a (bore, were all put to the Sword, or perifh’d by the Hands of the Ex- ecutioner $ the Lord-Deputy, by whofe Order it was done, fearing they would join with the Rebels. Philip II. receiv’d the News of the ill Sue- cels of his Fleet, with an heroic Patience. He had fpent three Years in preparing this Arma- da, with an incredible Expence, and, when he heard of the Defeat, fo contrary to his Ex- pectations, thank’d God it was no greater. This is as fome fay ; but it was reported by others, that the King being at Mals, when the News was brougnt him, as loon as high Mals was over, he fwore that he would wafte and confume his Crown, even to the Value of a Candleftick, but he would utterly ruin the Queen and the Englifh Nation, or ellehimfelf and all Spain ihould be tributary to her. Upon the Retreat of this lo formidable a Fleet, England was fill’d with univerfal Joy. Elizabeth order’d a publick Thanklgiving for this Deliverance, to be made in all the Churches in the Kingdom, and went herlelf to St. Paul's , in great Solemnity, to perform the fame Duty. After which, fhe conferr’d on the Lord Admiral a Yearly Revenue, in I ^ Recon- TOO ^royalpalace Reccmpenceof his great Service to his Coun- try, and bellow’d Penfions on the Wounded. TAKING’S Private Bed-Chamber. The Bed is of Crimlon Damask, and the Bed - Chamber is hung with fine Tapllery, which reprelents the remarkable Engagement at Solbay. This memorable Battle was fought in the Year itf/2. The two Fleets of England and France join’d the Beginning of May $ the firlt confilling of forty, and the laft, of an hundred Men of War. That of the States had feventy two large Ships, and forty Frigats and Fire- ihips, and confequently was very much infe- rior in Number to the combin’d Fleet of Eng- land and France . It was commanded by the famous de Ruyter y affifted by Cornelius de Hlt y the Penfionary’s Brother, as Deputy from the States. De Ruyter, having put to Sea before the Enemies Fleets were join’d, had endeavour’d to prevent their Junction ; but not fucceeding, and being in- form’d that the two Fleets lay at Anchor at ticutbwGld* or Solbay. in Suffolk , he rdolv’d to attack them. He 0/ HAMPTON COURT, ioi He had like to have lurpriz’d them, but being disappointed, prepar’d for Battle. The two Fleets of England and France , now com- pofing but one, were rang’d in three Squadrons. The Duke of Fork , High Admiral of Engl and , commanded the Red-Squadron ; the Count d'Etrees the White; and the Earl of Sand- wich , the Blue. The Fleet of the States was likewil'e divided in the fame Manner ; de Ruy- ter , was oppos’d to the Duke of Fork, Bank - ert to Count d 'Etrees, and Van Ghent to the Earl of Sandwich . The Battle was fought on the 28th of May, both Sides difplay’d all the Art and Skill which Experience had taught the Commanders and Officers 5 they fought with equal Bravery, with almoft equal Lofs, and both Sides chal- leng’d the Victory. The Admiral-Ship of the Englifh being difi- abled, the Duke of Fork was oblig’d to hoift his Flag in the London . The Royal James, commanded by the Earl of Sandwich , not be- ing able to difengage from a Fireftiip, after fhe had funk two, was blown up, with the Earl, and her whole Crew. The Engli/h loft two Ships more, the Hollanders three, and Van Ghent was kiii’d. The Hiftorians of the two Parties equally •pretend, that their Fleets chac’d that of the Enemy 5 but both fpeak of it very faintly. I 3 For 102 The ROYAL PALACE For it is not entirely the fame with Engage- ments at Sea, as with thofe at Lancia where commonly he who remains Mailer of the Field of Battle, jultly affumes the Honour of the Victory $ whereas, in Naval Engagements, a Fog, a Calm, a Wind, either contrary or tem- peftuous, may oblige the vidlorious Fleet to retire fir 11. Be this as it may, Rejoicings were equally made at London and the Hague , for the Sue* cefs of this Battle, though, with very little Reafon. The Engjijh complain’d, that the French did not dilcharge their Duty, and only fought at a Diftance, after having leperated from the Fleet. This Conduct is afbrib’d to fecret Orders given to Count d 'Etrees, not to ex- { >ofe too much his Mailer’s Ships, but to eave the Engltjh and Butch Ships to deltroy one another. The KING’S Dressing-Room. There are no Paintings here • the Room is hung with red Damask, but there is no Furni- ture that is any thing curious. The 0/HAMPTON COURT. 103 T^Great Council-Chamber, We are now come to the Carton Gallery, in which are feven Paintings by Rafaelle, which are univerfally admir’d, and of ineftimable Value. RafAelle da Urbino (according to the Account which Graham gives of him) was one of the handlomeft, and beft temper’d Men living, and, by the general Confent of Mankind, acknowledg’d to have been the Prince of Modern Painters $ and is often ftil’d the Divine Rafaelle, for the inimita- ble Graces of his Pencil, and for the Excel- lence of his Genius, which leem’d to have lbmething more than Human in its Compofi- tion : He was belov’d in the higheft Degree by the Popes Julius II. and Leo X. He was admir’d and courted by all the Princes and States of Europe ; and particularly by Henry VIII. who would fain have oblig’d him to have come over into England . His Perlon was the Wonder and Delight of Rome , as his Works are now the Glory of it: He liv’d in the greateft State and Splendor imaginable, moft of the eminent Mailers in his Time be- ing ambitious of working under him 5 and he never went abroad, without a Crowd of Ar- tijls y and others who attended and follow’d io 4 7k ROYAL PALACE him purely out of Refpedt : He declin’d Mar- riage, tho’ very ad vantagious Offers had been made him, in hopes of a Cardinal's Cap, which he expefled $ but falling into a Fever in the mean Time, and concealing the true Caufe of his Diftemper from his Phylicians, Death dis- appointed him of the Reward due to his moft extraordinary Merits. Rafaelle was born on Good-Friday , in the Year 1483, and died on Good-Friday 1 52c : So that he liv’d only Thirty-leven I ears com- plete.^ Du Fresnoy affures UvS, that hcfurpafs’d all modern Painters, becauSe he poflcls’d more of the excellent Parts of Painting than any o- ther 3 and it is believ’d, that he equall’d the Antients, excepting only, that he delign’d not naked Bodies with fo much Judgment as Mi- chael Angelo : But his Guflo of Dcfign is purer and much better. He painted not with fogood, fo full, and fo graceful a Manner as Correggio; Nor has he any thing of the Contrail of the Lights and Shadows, or fo llrong, and free a Colouring as Titian ; But he had a better Dif- polition in his Pieces without Companion, than either Titian , Correggio r Michael Angelo , or all the reft of the Succeeding Painters to our Days. His Choice of Attitudes, of Heads, of Ornaments, the Suitablenefs of his Drape- ry, his Manner of Defigning, his Varieties, his Contrails, his Expreffioas* were beauti- r 0/HAMPTONCOURT. 105 ful in Perfection ; but above all, he poflefs’d the Graces, in fo advantagious a Manner, that he has never fince been equall’d by any other. There are Portraits, or fingle Figures of his, which are finiih’d Pieces. He was an admi- rable Architect ; handlome, well made, and tall of Stature ^ civil, and well-natur’d ^never to teach another what he knew him- He had many Difciples 5 among others, Gi- ulio Romano , olydore , Gaudenzio, Giovanni d’Udine , and Michael Coxis. The Pictures, which we are now fpeaking of, call’d Cartons , from their being painted on Paper, were originally ddign’d only for Pat- terns of Tapeftry, and were fent for that pur- poft, by Leo X. to Arras, in Flanders , a Place famous for that curious Work ^ but his Koli- nefs dying loon after, as well as Rafaelle , and the Perfons who were employ’d not being paid for their Tapeftry, theft Patterns were never return’d, but lay for a long Time at Arras , till King James purchas’d them, but at what Price we cannot determine. We have heard, however, that they were valu’d at an hundred thoufand Pounds a-piece. After the Death of King Charles I. Crom - well was too much a ConnoifTeur in Painting to part with theft ineftimable Pieces 5 but they were carefully prelerv’d in large Deal Boxes, in the Banquetting-Houfe at White- hall 5 borne of them, being in four, and others in refufing jo6 The R© YAL PALACE in five Pieces, and there they remain’d till af- ter the Revolution , when King William re- built Vampton-Courty and the Gallery, in which they are now hung up, which was built Onpurpole for them. The Story of the firft Carton is the Death of Ananias , as related in the vth Chapter of the Ads of the Apojlles . The Story of the fecond Carton is E/ymas the Sorcerer, ftruck with Blirdnefs, as re- lated in the xiiith Chapter of the Ads of the Apr files. The next is the Lame Man heal’d by Peter and John> Ads iii. The Fourth, which is over the Chimney, is the miraculous Draughtof Fifties, Luke v. Here is in this Pi£lure a Fault which is fb vifibJe, that almoll every body takes Notice of it and therefore we mull not pals it over, without giving our Readers the Opinion of the ingenious Mr. Richardfon y who is univer- fally allow’d to be a compleat Judge of the Cartons. Rafael le, fays he, in this Carton , has made a Boat too little to hold the Figures he has plac’d in it $ and this is fo vilibie, that feme arc apt to triumph over that great Man, as OfHAMPTON COURT. 107 as having nodded on that Occalion ; which others have pretended to excuie, by laying, it was done to make the Miracle appear the greater $ but the Truth is, had he made the Boat large enough for thole Figures, his Picture would have been all Boat, which would have had a dilagreeable Efte£l $ and to have made his Figures lmall enough for a Veflel of that Size, would have render’d them unfui table to the reft of the Set, and have made thofe Fi- gures appear lefs conliderable } there would have been too much Boat, and too little Fi- gure. It is amifs as it ii, but would have been worfe any other Way, as it frequently happens in other Cafes. Rafaellet herefore wilely cnofe this lefs Inconvenience, this feeming Error 3 which he was fenfible the J udicious would know was none^ and for the reft, he was above being io- licitous for his Reputation with them. So that upon the whole, this is lo far from being a Fault, that it is an Inftanceof the great Judg- ment of that incomparable Man, which he learn’d in his great School the Antique.) where this Liberty is commonly taken. The Story of the Fifth is v aul and Bar- nabas at Lyfira , where the Prieft of Jupiter is going to facrificeanOx to them, taking them for Gods, as related in the xivth Chapter of the Acts of the Apotfles, That io8 Tfje ROYAL PALACE That of the Sixth is Paul preaching at A • thenSy an Account whereof we have" in the xviith Chapter of the fame Book. The Story of the Seventh and laft is Chrift's Charge to St. Peter commonly call’d The giving the Keys. According to the Evangelift St. John % Chap. xxi. In this Carton Mr. Richardjon hasobferv’d how Rafael le has improv’d the Story $ to be able to do which, he tells us, is one of the Ex- cellencies of a Painter. Our Lord, fays he, by the Relation of the Evangelifty feems (at leaft a Roman Cathohck % as Rafaelle was, muft be fuppos’d to under- ftand it fo ) to commit the Care of his Church to that Apoftle, preferably to the reft, upon the Suppofition of his loving him better than any of them: Now though theHiftory isfilent, it is highly probable, that St. John , as he was the beiov’d Dilciple, would have expell- ed this Honour, and be piq’d at his being thought to love his Mafter lefsthanSt. Peter: Rafaelle therefore, in this Carton , makes him addrefs himfelf to our Lord with extreme Ar- dour, as if he was intreating him to believe he lov’d him no lefs than St. r ‘etery or any of the other Apoftles. And this puts one upon imagining icme fine Speeches, that it may be fuppos’d, were made on this Occafion, whereby Rafaelle has given a Hint for every Man Of HAMPTON COURT. 10? Man to make a farther Improvement to himfelf of this Story. Notwithftanding the numberlefs Beauties in thele ineftimablc Paintings, as no Work of human Art was ever brought to Perfection, it mud be allow’d, they have their Faults 9 and that tho’ the Cartons of Rafaelle arc lome of his laft Works, yet the Colouring of them is not equal to the Drawing ; but at the fame Time, as the ingenious Gentleman we have fo often quoted upon this Subject, obferves, it cannot be deny’d, but that he who painted thofe, could colour well, and would have co- lour’d better. It is to be conlider’d, they were made for Patterns for Tapeftry, not profels’d Pictures; and painted, not in Oil, but in Dtfiemper : If therefore one lees not the Warmth, the Mel- lownefs, and Delicacy of Colouring, which is to be found in Correggio , Titian, or Rubens , it may fairly be imputed, in a great Meafure, to thele Caul'es. A judicious Painter has other Confiderati- ons relating to the Colouring, when he makes Patterns for Tapeftry to be heighten’d with Gold and Silver, than when he paints a Pic- ture without any fuch View 5 nor can a Sort of Drynels and Harlhnefs be avoided in Jjif- temper , upon Paper : Time moreover has ap~ parently chang’d ibme of the Colours. In a & Word* 1IO 72* ROYAL PALACE Word, the Tout-Enfemble of the Colours is agreeable and noble, and the Parts of it are in general extremely, but not fuperlatively, good. There are fine Cravings of thcfe Pifluresfrom Draughts taken at leveraJ Times; firft by Mr. Grib elm, then by Sir Nicholas Dorigny^andaf * terwards bySiry^ei "Thornhill . Over the Fire-Place in this Gallery, is a fine Bas- Relieve of Venus, drawn in her Chariot, attended bv leveral Cupids, in white Marble. There is likewiie a very fine Pair of gilt Andirons in the Chimney, one with the Figure of Mars upon it, and the other of Hercules. The Admiral’s Ga lllry, r In this Room are the Pictures of the fol- lowing renown’d Ad- mirals : 1. Sir George Rook. II. Sir CAoudjley Shovel . III. Sir John Leake . IV. Lord Tor - rin^ton. V. Admiral Churchill. N\. Sir Staf- ford Fair borne. VII. 'Sir John Jennings » VIII. Sir Thomas Hop- fon. IX. Admiral Beaumo7it . X. Sir Tho- mas Dilks. XI. Admi- ral Bembo . XII. Ad- miral TVhetftone. XIIL Admiral Wijhart. XIV Admiral Gradon . And X V . AdmirzlMunden . All Of H AM PTONCOURT, n * All painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller , and Mr. Dahl . The QJJEEN ’s Stair -Case. On the left Hand as you go up is a large Picture, in a Gold Frame, painted by Viek , of King Charles II. and Katharine his Queen. The Duke of Buckingham is therein reprelcnt- ed as Science , in the Habit of a Mercury , and Envy is ftruck down by naked Boys. There are additional Ornaments, in the Mo- faic Tafte, on each Side of the Stair-Cafe as well as the Ceiling, by Mr. Kent . The New (Quadrangle, In the Center of this Square is a round Ba- fon, and four large Lamps onPedeftals of Iron- Work 5 and on the right Hand, over the Win- dows, are the twelve Labours of Hercules done in Frefco . Hercules is fuppos’d to have been born at Thebes , and to have been the Son of Alcmena , the Wife of Amphytrion , the Theban , by Ju- piter, who paid her a Vifit, and deceiv’d her, under the Shape of her Husband, whilft he was gone to the War againft the Teleboans , a People of Mtolia . Some fay, that the N tght, in which the amorous Deity affum’d the Hero’s Form, was extended as long as K 2 three, 1 12 The ROY AL PALACE three, and others as nine, and thrown all into one. Archippe , the Wife of Sthenelus, who was King of Mycane, being with Child at the fame Time as Ale menu was, Jupiter foretold, that of two Princes, the firft that came into the World fhould have an uncontroulable Power over the other. Whereupon Juno haften’d the Pains of Euryftens's Mother, and retard- ed, as much as in her lay, the Birth of Her- cules : By which Means Euryfteus was born firft, and had full Power to impofe what Task, how' difficult or unreafonable foever, he thought proper upon Hercules , and to treat him as his Slave. Some however aflert, that it was the Ora- cle of Delphos , that made him fubjeft to this Prince, for having, in his Madnefs, murder’d his own Children. But be that as it may, we fhall without any farther Introduction pro- ceed to the Hiftory of his Twelve Labours, which he undertook in Obedience to the In- junctions of his Lord and Mafter. I. The Lion of the Foreft of Heme a ra- vag’d the Country in a dreadful Manner. Some Authors will have it, that he fell from the Region of the Moon, and that his Hide was lb tough, that neither Dart nor Javelin could penetrate into it. Hercules hunted him, and having run him into a Cave, out of which Of HAMPTON C O U R T. 1 13 he could not efcape, he there dr angled him* Ever after, he wore the Skin of that An'mal, as a Publick • Tedimony of that Heroic Ex- ploit. Which Fiilion, in diort, is no more than this, that Hercules hunted, and kill’d a Lion of an extraordinary Size. II. His Second Exploit was the Defeat of the Hydra. This terrible Dragon haunted the Marfh of Lerna, and infeded all the ad- jacent Country. He never left his Den with- out committing the molt horrible Ravages. The tearful Husbandman left his Field un- cultivated, and the bolded Traveller trembled as he pafs’d by the Monder’s Den. He had the Shape of a Serpent, and the Feet of a Dra- gon; his Back was cover’d with Scales- he had feven Heads, feme lay nine, and others fifty, that vomited out Fire and Brimdone. Hercules undertook to rid the World of this* Monder. Arm’d only with his Club, and accompany’d by his Brother Jolaus, who was his Twin-Brother, he goes and attacks the Serpent in his very Den. The Hydra , feein« him approach, rulhes furioufly u Don fr: 3 covers him with a Cloud oh flaming Smoke The undaunted Hero lifts up his Club i at the fird Stroke knocks off one of his Heads But ftrait a new one fprung up j n - fs p,^ and the Blood that lfl'ued from the Wo. .ml fell to the Earth, and there engender’d Scor pions and Serpents. Hercules beheld with Intrepidity this amazing Sigh,- . Jle mIouLJftI 3 his 1 14 The ROY A. L PALACE his Blows ; but they ferv’d only to exafpe- rate the furious Manlier. No looner is one of his Heads knock’d off than others ariie ; and the Wounds that ought to have deftroy’d him fervc only to give him new Strength and Vi- gour. 'The invincible Son of Jove had infal- libly fail’d in his Enterprize, had he not been affined by his faithful Companion. The only 'Way to hinder this new Projection was to flop the Blood, that flow’d from the Wounds. This J claus fucceeded in, by feering them with a burning Brand. The Monfter finks under the force of Hercules's Arm, and at laid ex- pires at the Victor’s Feet. This Fidtion has been explain’d fevcral Ways. Some lay, that the Marfh of Lerna y being infefted with Serpents, which multi- ply’d, notwithftanding all the Pains that were taken to deftroy them, Hercules , with the Affiftance of his Friend, fet Fire to the Reeds, with which the Marfh was cover’d, and thus extirpated them. Others will have it, that he only drain’d the Marfh, that us’d to overflow the Country. And laftly, lome infill:, that it was a Nell: of Robbers; and not- withftanding Hercules kill’d feveral of them, yet their Number increas’d, till at lalb he broke into their Lurking-holes, and deltroy’d she whole Gang by Fire, HI, la Of HAMPTON COURT, ny III. In another Chafe (which wa t his third Labour) he kill'd a terrible wild Boar, that had his Haunt in the Foreft of Erymanthus . In Order to embelliili this Part of his Story, it was feign’d, that he bound him, and brought him on his Shoulders alive to Euryftheus . , who had like to have fainted away at the Sight of lo Blocking a Beaft. IV. His next Task was to hunt down & Hind on the Mountains of Mcnalus , and bring it to Euryftheus alive. As this fprightly Creature was facred to Diana , he was twelve Months in the Purfuit of her. She had bra- zen Feet given her by the Poets, to denote her Swiftnefs. However, he caught her at laft by meer Speed in Running. V. He drove away the Birds that infefted the Lake Stymphalus and Arcadia , in fuch prodigious Flocks, that they darken’d theSum They us’d to carry off Men and devour therm The Meaning of this is, that a Gang of Robbers, which kept near this Lake, and murder’d Travellers, was at laft deftroy’d, or put to Flight, by Hercules and his Compa- nions. VI. Hercules , being order’d by Euryftheus to go and bring away the Girdle of Hipolyta , Queen of th g Amazons > that is,, to make War 115 The ROYAL PALACE on thole Heroines, and rifle their Treafures, embark’d on the Euxtne Sea, and landing oil the Banks of the Thermodoon y he gave them Battle, routed them, brought away the Gir- dle, took the Queen herielf Priioner, and gave her in Marriage to Thefeus. VII. King Augias's Stables had not been clean’d for thirty Years. The Dung was heap’d up in luch Quantities, that there was no Room for the Cattle. Hercules , with the Help of his Soldiers, cleans’d them, by bring- ing the River of Alpheus through them. VIII. The Ifland of Crete was laid wafte by a furious Bull, that brought Ruin and De- ft ru £1 ion with him wherever he went $ he was fent thither by Neptune , to revenge the Infult he had receiv’d from the Inhabitants. Hercu- les vanquish ’d him, and brought him to Eu - ryfiheus 5 that is to fay, Euryfiheus order’d him to go to that Ifland, and fetch a Bull from thence to breed by, which he executed accordingly. IX. Diomedes , Tyrant of Thrace , madehfs Mares devour all the Strangers that came into his Dominions. Hercules vaftquifh’d him, and made the Tyrant himfelf undergo the Tame Fate. The Meaning of this is, that Euryfiheus , having commanded Hercules to go, and carry off Of H AMPTONCOUR T. 117 off iome of Diomedes's tlorfes, who had a very fine Breed of them, this Prince made Refiftance, and was kill’d in the Battle. He had fo far ruin’d himielf with keeping Horf- es, that he was forc’d to fell his very Slaves to fupport the Expence. Hence it was laid, that Horfes fed upon human Flefh. X. In the Ifland of Erythia reign’d a King call’d Geryon , who had three Bodies. This Prince had a Herd of Oxen, which devour’d Strangers, and were guarded by a Dog with two Heads, and a Dragon- with feven. Her - rules defeated him, kill’d the Dog and the Dragon, and carry’d away his Herds. Gery- oPs three Heads denote his reigning over three Iflands, viz. Majorca , Minorca , and Ebufa , or Tvica. Some fay, they were three Brothers, that liv’d together in fo dole a Friendfhip, that they feem’d to have but one Inclination. Others pretend, that this Fable owes its Rife to the Phoenicians) and explain it in the fol- lowing Manner. Hercules having made a Defcent in the I- fland Erythia , the Inhabitants march’d out a- gainft him in three different Bodies, but were defeated : This the Phoenicians in their Lan- guage expreft byWords, importing, that he de- feated the three Heads of their Inhabitants. The Name Gargitius , which the Mytholo- gy fts give to Geryon' s Dog, is compounded of two n8 The ROYAL PALACE two Phoenician Words, which lignify The Ter- ror of Strangers . XI. Bufirts , King of Egypt , lent feme Pi- rates to carry off the Hefperides , Neices to Atlas, King of Mauritania ^ Hercules repuls’d them, deliver J d the Princeffes, and purfuing his Vjitory, kill’d Bujiris . Atlas , to reward the Hero, made him a Pre- fent of feme of the fined: Sheep of his Coun- try. As the Beauty of their Fleeces had got them the Name of golden Sheep, and the Greek Word for a Sheep, fignifies likewife an Apple, the Story was told, that the Hero had brought golden Apples from the Gardens of the Hef perides. Some Authors however pretend, that thole Apples were nothing elle but the Oranges and Lemons, that grew in great Abundance, in the Gardens of Mauritania $ and that the Dragon which Hercules flew, to make way for his carrying off his precious Fruit, was a great Dog, that watch’d one of thofe Gardens. Others, in fine, imagine, that this Fable hints at the Riches which Atlas, or fome other Prince, had hoarded up 5 becaule the Word Malon O/HAMPTON COURT. 119 Malon.> or Melon , in the Arabic Tongue figni- lies Riches, and in the Greek an Apple, or Sheep, as before has been oblerv’d. XII. The lafl: Commands that Euryftheus laid on Hercules were to go down into Hell, and bring up the Dog Cerberus . This the Hero executed, and at the lame Time deliver’d < Thefeus, who had gone down thither to keep Pirithous Company. The Delign which thele two Friends form’d to carry off the Daughter of Aidoneus , King of the Moloffians , is what gave Rile to this Fiction. That Prince, having had timely Notice of their Delign, caus’d Pirithous to be torn in Pieces by a Dog, call’d Cerberus , and detain’d 'Thefeus Priloner 5 but he releas’d him loon af- ter, at the Requeft of Hercules . As Aidoneus us’d to fend his Priloners to work in the Mines, and as, to go into his Country, you mull crols the River Acheron 5 he has from hence been confounded with Pluto y and Hercules's Journey has been look’d upon as a Dclcent into Hell. And as the Hero had at the fameT ime kill ’d a Serpent, whofe Den was in the Cave of TenauruSy which was taken to be the Entry to the Kingdom of the Dead, and had brought lomc great Dog with him out of the Empire, he was faid to have chain’d Cer- berus. Theft i2o The ROYAL PALACE Thefe are the twelve Labours of Hercules y which are lb much talk’d of by the Poets : And in Order to make our fhort Account of them, not only entertaining but inftru&ive, we thought proper to introduce the Hiftorical Explications thereof along with them. And for the further Amufement of our learned Readers, we lhall here give them an Ab ftrafi, or Recapitulation of the foregoing Stories, fumm’d up in the following Verfes, by the Poet Aufonius , as he tranflated them from the Greek of Quintus Smyrntzus. Prima Cleonei. tolerata iErumna Leonis. Proxima Lerna:am ferro & face contudit Hydram. Mox Erymantheum Vis tertia perculit Aprum. -Eripidis quarto tulit aurea Cornua Cervi. Stymphalidas pepulit Volucres difcriminc quinto. Threiciam lexto fpoliavit Amazona baltheo. Septima in AugeisStabuhsimpenfa laboris. Oftavo expulfo numeratur adorca Tauro. In Diomedeis Victoria Nona Quadrigis. Geryonc extinilodecimam dat Iberia Palmam. Undecimo Mala Hefperidum diftracta Tri- umpho. Cerberus extremi Suprema ell Meta La- boris. The 0/ HAMPTON COURT. i*i' The Room ^/Beauties. The firft is the La- dy Peterborow . 2d. Lady Ranelagh. $d. Lady Middleton. 4th. Mils Pitt. 5th. Dut- chefs of St. Alban's. 6 th. Lady EJfex. 7th. Lady Dorfet. 8th. Queen Mary. 9 th. The Dutchefs of Graf- t ton. Qja efn MARY was painted by TVif fingy and all the Reft by Sir Godfrey Kneh > kr. The Gardens. We come next to the Gardens, which, with the Park and Ground on which the Palace ftands, are about Three Miles in Circumference. I11 the pitch’d Pediment on the Front of the Palace this Way, is a Bas-Relief of Hercules' s Triumphs over En- vy 5 and facing this, a large Oval Bafon, in the Middle, and anfwering to the Form of this Part of the Gardens, which is a large Oval, divided into Gravel Walks and Parterres, laid out in a very elegant Manner, by thole two great Gardeners, Mcflieurs Lon- don and fVife % I At 122 The ROYAL PALACE At the Entrance on the Grand Walk, are two large Marble Urns, on Pedeftals, the Urns beautifully carv’d with Bas-Re- lieves : That on the Firft, on the Right Hand, reprefents the Triumphs of Bacchus ; that on the Other, on the Left, Amphi- trite and the Nereides : At the Bottom of this Walk, which faces a long Canal running into the Park, are two other large Marble Yafes : The Bas-Relief on One, reprefents the Judgment of Paris $ and on the Other, Meleager , hunting the Wild- Boar. In four of the Parterres are four fine Brafs Statues. The firft is the Gladiator, which formerly ftood on the Parade in St. James ' * Park, at the Foot of the Canal, and was re- mov’d hither in the Reign of Queen Anne. The Original is the wonderful Work of Aga- fias Defethtus of Ephefus, and is in the Burg- hefan Palace at Rome. The fecond is a young Apollo $ the third a Diana , and the fourth Sa- turn going to fwallow one of his Children. All after fine Originals. On the South Side of the Palace is the Privy-Garden, which was funk ten Feet to give a View from the Apartments to the River ’Thames : In this Garden there is a fine Foun- tain, and two grand Terrace Walk*. Of HAMPTON COURT. 123 On the North Side of the Palace is a Tennis - Court , and beyond that, a Gate, that leads into the Wildernefs : Farther on, is the great Gate of the Gardens, on the Sides of which arc large Stone Piers, with the Lion and Unicorn couchant, carv’d in Stone. Dixie 1 . D E L I c I JE Br ITANNIC/E. BOOK II. THE ROYAL palace, O R CASTLE of WINDSOR . HIS Caftle, and Palace is the moll beautiful, (and as we have C T |gjl hinted before) the molt pleafantly fixated Royal Recefs throughout :*i the whole Ifland of Great Britain : And the Compliment that was once paid to M the n6 The ROYAL P AIACE the Earl of Nottingham's Houfe, at Burleigh on the Hill , in Rutlandfhire , may with more Juftice be apply’d to this magnificent Seat we are now fpeaking of, and will give the Read- er an adequate Idea of its uncommon Beauties* The Lines are as follow. Hail, happy Fabrick ! whole Majeftic View Firlt lees the Sun, and bids him laft Adieu $ Seated in Majefty l r our Eye commands A Royal Ftofipccl of the richeft Lands. The under-lying Vale Ihews with Delight A thoufand Beauties at one charming Sight. No Pencil’s Art can fuch a Landfcape feign, And Nature’s felf fcarce yields the like again : Few Situations may with this compare, A fertile Soil, and a lalubrious Air, William the Conqueror, was the firft Eng ~ HJh Monarch, that made Windfor his Rural Seat. As Hunting was that Prince’s favour- ite Amufement, and as the Situation of the Parts adjacent were commodious for that Pur- pole, and fitted for the Entertainment of Kings, he agreed with the Abbot of Weft- minfter , whole Seat it then was, for an Ex- change, and took Poffeflion of it, in Purfuanee of his Contra#. Here he ere#ed likewile a ftrong Callle, and built leveral little Lodges, or Hunting- Houfes, in the Foreft adjoining, Of WINDSOR. 1 27 and for the Conveniency of his Sport, lay fre- quently in a Houle, which the Monks had be- fore enjoy’d, and was either actually in, or at lcall near the Town of Windfor : For the Town is much more antient than the prelent Cattle, and was an eminent Pafs upon the Thames in the Reign of the Saxon Kings. After him, King Edward III. took a pecu- liar Delight in the Place, on Account of its plealing Profpe£f, as well as beautiful Situa- tion, and propos’d accordingly to make it his Place of Reiidence every Summer. Being thus determin’d, he Laid out himfelf the Plan of that rich and magnificent Palace, which, in regard to its external Form and Building, we now fee there •, for notwithftanding there have been great Alterations and Improvements made within, no material Additions have been made to the Building itfelf, the noble Terrace only excepted, which runs under the North Front. The Houfe itfelf indeed was a Palace, but without any Appearance of a Fortrefs$ but when the Building was once brought to the Slope of the Hill, on the Town Side, his Majefty then added Ditches, Ramparts, the Round Tower, and divers other Places of great Strength, from whence it deriv’d its De- nomination of a Cattle. And filch a Pride did his Majefty take in this Building, that William of Wickham , then M z Bifliop 128 The ROY AL PALACE Bi/hop of Winchefier^ and highly in lvis Fa- vour, had like to have been dilcarded, for fug gelling (as the X ing was pri vatcly inform’d) that he was the Founder. The Prelate how- ever dilavow’d the Allegation, and clear’d himlelf with Honour, by artfully averting, thatail he pretended to, was a Publick Ac- knowledgment, that whatever Money he had amafs’d, or Reputation he had gain’d, thro’ his Ere&ion of that Caftle for his Majefly, had been the Maying of him. For he had caus’d, it feems, theie Words, This made Wickham, but not fVickham made This , to be cut on a Stone in the Inner Wall of the little Tower, which from him is diftinguifh’d, at this very Day, by the Name of J'Vinchefler Tower. At that Time, tho* this Wickham was a Lay- man, and but meanly educated, yet having a good Genius, and a Tafte for Architecture, he apply’d his Mind fo clofe to that Art, that he was conflitutcd Mailer-Builder of the Court: Nor does the Building fail to do the Architefl, as well as the Royal Projector of it, Abundance of Credit; for in all the Decorations which have been fince made by the Succefiors of that Prince, who have delighted in Hind for mcfl, no one has thought fit to make the leaffc Alte- ration in the Front, or to pull down any old Buildings, and iublljtute new ones in their Room , Of WINDSOR. lip .Room, except lome few Improvements of no great Moment at the Entrance to the great Stair-Cale, the Kitchen, and other out-Offi- ces, and the like $ but the Great North and Eaft Fronts, the Square of the Inner Court, the Great Gates at the Entrance from the Town, with the Round Tower, and the Walls annex’d, are all now Handing in the felf lame Form in which they were left by King Ed- ward III. The only Addition, in the Infide, is a fine Equejlrian Statue, which was erefled to the Memory of King Charles. II even in his Life Time, by one of his grateful Domefticks, Queen Elizabeth indeed made the Addi- tion of the Terrace on the Outfide $ where ihe walk’d for the generality, near an Hour every Day before Dinner, if not prevented by Windy Weather, to which Ihe had a pe- culiar Averfion. Wet Weather was no mari- ner of Interruption to her Amufement there $ for Ihe took great Delight in walking Abroad (when the Rain was only mild and calm) with an Umbrella over her Head. This Walk of hers muft be acknowledg’d to be a magnificent Work, and no inconfider- able Improvement ; for as it is rais’d on the Side of a fteep Declivity of the Hill ; that Hill muft of neceflity be cut down a prodigi- ous Depth, to bring the Foundation to a Flat i3o T& ROYAL PALACE equal to the Breadth that was to be form’d a bove. It was rais’d from the Foundation by fubftantial Stone-work of a prodigious Thick- * ncfs, with crois Walls of Stone, in order to band the lAont, and prevent any Preffure frcm the Weight of Earth within. After that, this Work was to be all fill’d up again within, _wben what was firft taken out, was thrown down the Front of the Hill, that the Preci- pice might be pufh’d out flill farther, in or- der that there might be the lame Slope from the Terrace, as there was before from the Foot of the Caftle. This Noble Walk is cover’d with fine Gra- vel, and has Cavities, with proper Drains, in order to carry off, the Rain, fo that let it fall never fo heavy, none of it will lie upon the Terrace ^ by w'hich means it is dry, hard, and fit for walking on, as foon as ever the Storm is over. This Walk is very broad as well as long on the North Side $ on the other Sides, indeed much narrower, and not fb extenfive. But we fhall take Occafion to fpeak more fully of it in another Place. Having thus given our Readers a eurfory View of Wind for and its Caftle , in their antient State, we fhall now proceed to our intended Defcription of the various Curiofities with which the latter is at prefent enrich’d, «md which ftrike the Eyes of all Beholders with the moft agreeable Surprife. Front- 0/ WINDSOR. 13 1 Fronting the Town of fVindfor and the Market-Place is the Town-Gate, leading to the Park 5 but leaving that fome (mall Mat * ter on the Left, you come by an eafy Afcent to another Portal, call’d the Caftle-Goal 5 -which as loon as you have pafs’d thro’, on the Left, you lee the poor Knight’s Apartment, built in the lonick Order, and in a Modern Tafte. Oppofite to the lad: mention’d Portal Hands St. George's Chappel, which King Edward III. acknowleg’d was begun by his Anceftors, andlome imagine, that the Foundation was laid by Edward I. This is a mod: beautiful and magnificent Building, and fhews the Great- nel's not only of the Court in thole Days, but the Spirit and Genius of the Founder. The Chappel is not only fine within, but the Work- manship without is very curious. There is nothing now to be feen of equal Anti- quity, that can Hand in Competition with i for its extraordinary Beauties. King’s C^ lege Chappel at Cambridge y eredted by Henry VI. and Henry VHth’s Chappel in IVeftmijiJler Abbey are fine Buildings, but modern, howe- ver, in Companion to This, which was begun, as appears by an Infcription on the Walls, in the Year of our Lord M.c c c.xxx vi 1. The Coats of Arms, and the various Ima- gery, and other Decorations both within and without, are beautifully finilh’d, and the Work *32 The ROYAL PALACE Work has flood out the Injury of Time to Admiration. The Beauty of the Building re- mains without any Improvements, and in a Yv ord, requires none. The Eflahlifhment for theChappel was very considerable, by the Donation of divers Sub- jects, before it was let apart to be the Chappel of the Order 5 the Duke of Suffolk in parti- cular, gave near three Thoufand Acres of Land, nineteen Mannors, one hundred andfe- venty Meffuages and Tofts, and leveral Ad- vowlons of Churches to it, which with other fubfequent Gifts, made the Revenue thereof amount to about one Thoufand Pounds a Year, which was look’d upon as a prodigious Annu- al Income in thole Days. In the Choir are the Stalls for the Knights of the Order, with a Throne for the Sove- reign : Alio Stalls in the Middle of it for the poor Knights Penfioners. Here are to be feen the Banners of the Knights, who now enjoy the Honour of the Garter : When any of them die, thofe Bam ners are taken down, and the Coat of Arms of the deceas’d Knight is let up in the Place appointed for thofe Arms over the fame Stall 5 By which Difpofition, thofe Coats are, as it were, a living Hiftory, or more properly fpeaking, a publick Record of all the Knights that ever have been, fince the firft Inftitution Of WINDSOR. 133 of the Order, and of their Succeffion one to another 5 by which it appears, that Kings, Emperors, and Sovereign Princes have not thought it beneath them to accept of the Ho- nour of being Knights Companions of this Order $ whilft, at the fame Time, to the Ho- nour of the Englijh Crown be it fpoken, our Kings have never thought proper to accept of any of their Orders Abroad, of what Kind fo- ever $ whereas there is an Account in the Re- giftry of the Order, that there are reckon’d up of their mofl noble Company Eight Emperors of Germany. Three Kings of Sweden. Five Kings of Denmark. Two Kings of Prufiia. Three Kings of Spain. Six Princes of Orange. Five Kings of France. Four Dukes-Peers of France. Two Noblemen of the Houfe of Duras, in France, viz . Galliard de Duras, and Lewis de Duras, Earl of Feverfham. One King of Scotland, bejides James VI, who became Sovereign of the Order . Five Kings 0^ Portugal. One King of Poland. Two Kings of Naples. One King of Aragon. N Three i34 ^ ROYAL PAL ACE Three Infants of Portugal. One Prince of the Houfe Palatine, viz . Prince Rupert. One Prince of Denmark >viz. Prince George- One Bifiiop of Ofnaburg. Five Princes of Brandenburg, Seven Electors Palatine. Two Electors of Saxony. Two Dukes of Lorrain. Three Dukes of Wirtemberg. Two Dukes of Holilein. Two Grandees of Spain. Two Dukes d’Urbino in Italy ♦ One Duke of Savoy. Four Princes of England, not Kings , viz - Edward the Black Prince, the Duke of Gloucefter, Prince Frederick, and the Duke of Cumberland. Several Kings, and Perfons of thchigheft Diftinflion have been interr’d likewile in this Chapel^ as for Inftance, Edward IV. and Charles 1 . Here is alfo the Family Burying- Place of the Dukes of Beauford , who are a natural Branch of the Royal Family of Lan - cafter . Befules the Foreign Princes, Companions ol this celebrated Order, there is a little Galaxy ol Of WIN DSOR. 135 of Eng lift* Nobility, the Flower of lo many Courts, and fo many Ages $ to whole Fami- lies the Enfigns of the Order have been an Honour, and who are not the leaft Glory this Order has to boaftof. The Prefent Knights are FI is Majesty King GEORGE 1L His Royal Highnefs Frederick, Prince of Wales. His Royal High nefts William, Duke of Cum- berland. His Jerene Highnefs , the Prince of Orange, Charles, Duke of Somerfet. John, Duke of Argyll. Henry, Duke of Kent. John, Earl fl/Taulet. Thomas, Earl of Stafford. Lionel, Duke of Dorfet. John, Duke of Montagu. Thomas, Duke of Newcaftlc, Charles, Duke of Bolton. Charles, Duke of G rafton, John, Duke of Rutland. John, Duke of Roxburg. Richard, Earl of Scarborough. N z Charles *3.6 7bt ROYAL PALACE Charley, Vifccunt Townfhend. Charles, Duke of Richmond. Robert, Earl of Orfor d. Philip, Earl of Chefterfield. Richard, Earl of Burlington. William, Duke of Devon/hire. Spencer, Earl ^Wilmington. - — — — Earl of Peterborough. Earl of Berkley. Having thus given our Readers a tranfient Idea of the Antiquity of this Order, and a Lift of the illuftrious Members that at prelent fill it up, we fhall lay no more about it, but refer thole who fhall think our Detail too deficient, to Mr. Afhmole's Hiftory thereof, wherein no Circumifance is omitted, that is worth the Notice of the moll curious. Contiguous to this Royal Chapel is the Tomb-Houfe, which was fir 11 erected by Car- dinal Wool fey , and at that Time intended by him, as a Dormitory only for himfelf and his Family. In King James II’s Time indeed, it was made ule of as a Chapel 5 but at prelent it lies in a very ruinous Condition. In a fhort Time however, as we are credibly inform’d, it will be Of WINDSOR. 137 be converted into a Free-School 5 and it’s now repairing for that Pur pole. At fome fmall Di fiance from the Tomb- Houfe is a large Guard-Chamber, capable of receiving Three Hundred Men, and contiguous to it is an Out-Office, which at prefent is con- verted into a Publick Houfe $ well known by the Name of the Royal Standard. On the Right Hand, as you go thro’ the Caftle-Gate, there is a Tower, which is the feparate Apartment of the Captain of the Gen- tlemen Penfioners. The next Tower is the feparate Apartment of the Lieutenant of the Gentlemen Penfioners^ and between that and the Devil's Tower , which Hands at fome fmall Diftance, is another Range of private Lodgings for the Accomodation of other Penfioners- 4 The Reafon why this laft Tower has for a long Time been fo diftinguifh’d, was a re- ceiv’d Notion, as we are inform’d, that for- merly it was haunted by evil Spirits : For many Years however, it has been inhabited, with- out the lead Interruption or Diflurbance, as we can find, from fuch aerial Vifitors. Of all the Towers, however, that adorn this Royal Palace, that which is call’d the Round-Tower^ (and is the Refidence or Apart- N 3 men t i 3 8 The ROYAL PALACE ment of his Grace the Duke of St. Alban s, who is Governor of the Caftle) is the moll confpicuous. "When you are at the Royal Standard, be- foremention ’d, you advance about one Hun- dred Yards (leaving JVinchefter Caftle on your left) to the King’s Gate $ at the Entrance whereof is planted a fmall Piece of Canon $ and on the right, there is a Door-Way, and a Stair-Cafe, which conlills of one Hundred and forty leven Steps of Furbeck Stone. At the Top of the Steps is a fmall Piece of Canon, which is direfied downwards, and appears from a fmall Port-Hole that commands the Stair-Cafe. From thence you pals through a Court- yard $ in the Middle whereof Hands a large Ciftern, which was firft ereffed by King Charles II. in order to receive the Drains from off the Roof of the Out-Offices 5 all round which are hung Buckets, and other convenient Veffels for holding Water, either for the Ser- vice of the Offices beforemention’d, or for ready Help in Cafe of Fire. From this Court -Yard you proceed to Of WINDSO R. *19 Tbe Guard Room. Over the Chimney is a Star and Garter oT an Oval Form, furrounded with Piftols and Bayonets ; the Wainfcotting is embelliih’d all round with Carbines, Match -locks and Car- tridges, upon Whole pikes, Half pikes, and Quarter pikes, with Bandaleers, in various Figures. Round the Corni/h are hung a great Number of Breaft-plates, with Helmets over them: There are likewiie fifteen Drums, dif- pos’d in proper Places, and Bandaleers in A- bundance round them. Over the Door-Way, going to the Dining- Room are two Coats of Mail, belonging for- merly to two Warlike Princes, (but to whom in particular we cannot lay) inlaid with G0M5 with Horfe-Armour, Gantlets, and other A~ coutrements complete. On the Stair -Cafe going to the great Dining-Room, on the left Hand is planted a 'Yeoman of the Guard, painted on a Board, dreft in all his Habiliments, as an Officer in Waiting. Here are four Pilafters of Pikes, decorated with Bandaleers, Carbines, and Matchlocks, upon Half-pikes. In the Center there is a large Horfe-Shield, furrounded with Bayonets, ^ j i4o The ROYAL PALACE Tk Great Dining-Room. There is Nothing here but a fmall Quanti- ty of common Furniture, that dderves no par- ticular Defcription. The Wi i r h d r iwi n g-Room. This is furnifh’d no better at prefent than the Dining Room, neither has the Clofet, which is on the Right Hand, any Thing curi- ous m it. The Bed-Chamber. The Bed, and the Hangings are of yellow Damask. There are twelve Chairs likewife cover’d with the lame. The Little Dining-Room. From the Window you have a full View of Wi nchefter Tower, and on the W eft a Prolpeft of the River Thames. The Of WINDSOR. 141 The Dr f ss in g-Ro o m. Has nothing in it but common Furniture. The Curtain. Round it are feventeen Port-Holes, with Guns, to defend the Caftle. The Leads. On the Weft-part is erefted the Royal Stan- dard, which is painted as ufual 5 and as to its Dimenfions, it is twelve Foot by eight: Here is alfb the Union Flag, but this is leffer, and but eight Foot by fix. If you turn North- Eaft, you have the Pro- fpecl of Harrow on the Hill. Eaft and by North, of Hampflead and Highgate . Eaft, of St. Paul's Cathedral $ as alfb of Shooter's and Duhuich Hills . South Eaft, of MadafcGt's Hills by Sevenoake, in Kent. South,. of Box- hill, in Surry , and Hind-Head in Sujfex . Weft, of the Lord' Cadogan's fine Seat at Caffom, in Berks . North Weft, of Net tided Windmill, Pen- i 4 2 The ROYALPALACE Pen-wood and Pen-hills $ as alio of Eaton College , and Winchefier Cajlie , which lie as it were under you. In your Return from thefe Leads, you come to the King’s Gate, and then delcend by feven Flights of v Wooden Steps (five in a Flight) to the Terrace, beforementjon’d to beereffedhy Queen Elizabeth , which is about eight Yards broad $ and fromEaft to Weft about 300 Yards long. The Length of the two Sides is about' 100 Yards each. There is no Walk at all on th e other Side 3 its Form being only three fourths of a Square. At the Eaft End of the Terrace there is a Bowling Green, and a Draw-Bridge at the Bottom. On the Weft, there is a very curious Sun-Dial, erefted on a Pedeftal, by the Ord- er of King Charles II. which was made by one Henry Wynne, whereon all the Points of the Compafs are particularly delineated, at which Place a Centinel always ftands, and when any unguarded Spectator claps his Hand upon it, he claims, by Dint of Cuftom, Six- pence as a Forfeit. As loon, as you are come down from the Round Tower, you turn on the Right, and go thrfc’ a narrow Paflage, that leads direflly into a lpacious Square, or Quadrangle, on the North Side whereof is a wrought Iron Gate, or Portal, that leads to the Royal A- part- Of W I N D S O R. 143 partments. As foon as you arc admitted in the Entry, before you come to the Stair-Cafe, is a Colonade of eight Pillars, of the Ionic Or* der, with three Niches on every Side, and in each an antient Buft. The Pilafters too are all of the fame Order. The Pavement is of free Stone. At the Foot of the Stair-Cafe is a fmall Landing Place, confifting of three Stone Ar- ches, with a Nichon each Side; on the Right, is a Brafs Bufto of a Roman Veflal ; and on the Left, a Roman Slave, in the Aftion of pick- ing a Thorn out of his Foot. From thence you go up the Stair-Cafe, which confifts of three Flights of Stone Steps, twelve in a Flight, with twifted Iron Rails, or BaT laflers, on the Right, The Dome. On the Ceiling, is Apollo in the Front, with a Variety of other Figures, attending him, which reprefent the united Charms of Poetry and Mufick, 1 44 7& ROYAL PALACE The Ceiling under the Dome. At the four Cornets are the four Elements. Fire is reprefentcd ih One, as a Woman with a Cenler, flaming in Her Hand, and is feated on a Reman Pile, and By her a Phtznix 7 and a Salamander . Earth is reprefented in another, by a Nymph, or other Attendant of Ceres , with a Chaplet of Corn round her Head, a Wheat-Sheaf in her Left Hand, and in her Right a Cornuco- pia 5 on one Side of which there are twoflittle Boys, with Plumbs and Cherries in their Hands. Underneath her Feet are flrew’d Mufmelons , Peaches , Cabbages , Carrots , Cucumbers , and Abundance of other Fruits and Herbs. J/r is reprefented in the Third, by a Wo- man fitting, with her Left Hand on a Pea- cock's Back $ the Tail whereof is extended, and fhewn in all its Pride and Glory. On the fore- Finger of her Right Hand is perch’d a King's-Fijher . Six naked Cupids , represent- ing Zephyrs , are playing over her Head, with a Variety of Birds. There is likewife a Pa- roquet , in a flying Pofture, by the Side of J:he Peacock . And H ater is reprefented in the Lafl: by a Nereid 7 holding one of her favourite Fifties in her Lap, Of WINDSOR. 14? Lap, and pointing to the Eve of it with her Right Hand. Round about her are little Cupids , with their Wings all dropping wet : Each of them is in a different Attitude, and has a Fifh of the fame Species, as it were, to play with. Under her Feet are the Dolphin , the Cod, the Eel, and a vaft Variety of other Filhes. Above the Four Elements, And all round the Ceiling, which is un- derneath the Dome, are the Winds fupporting the Clouds. In the Front is Aurora , leated in her Chariot, with her Nymphs in waiting, and giving Water to her Horfes out of fine ca- pacious Bafons. Underneath her, in the Cornifh on the Left, are leated the two Signs of th zZodtack, Can- cer and Aquarius, fupporting a Golden Urn, full of Flowers. On the Right is Aries , or the Ram , and one of the Winds fupporting a Golden Urn likewile, full of Flowers. Over the Door, thro’ which you enter into the Lodgings, are two Figures 5 one with Wings, reprefenting Time 5 the other an Old Man, with a Lion's Skin over his Shoulders, a Ball in* his Right Hand, and in his Left, a O Lamb . 146 Tie ROYAL PALACE Lamb . His Feet are fetter’d, as it were, with a Circleof Stars, and fupport a Golden Urn, as the others do, full of Flowers. Over the Urn is a third Figure, with Wings on his Should- ers, a Celeftial Crown on his Head, and a Scepter in his Right Hand. On the Left Hand of the Stair-Cafe fits L/‘- bra , or the Ballance , with a Band of Stars round his Body, and in his Right Hand, a Pair of Scales $ his Left leans on a Variety of Fruit. By him is another Figure with Wings , whofe Right Hand is laid on a Branch of Herbs, fupporting another Urn, that’s full of Flowers. Below the Cornifh, arc twelve painted Pilaf- ters, in the Corinthian Order, between each of which is a Nich. In the Firft in Front is the Figure of Geogra- phy^ with a Compafs in her Left Hand, and a Globe in her Right. In the Second Nich in the Front, is a Figure, reprelenting Comedy , with a Mask in her Right Hand, and a Mufical Inftrument in her Left. In the firft Nich on the Right, is a Figure, reprefenting Tragedy , with a Cup in her Right Hand, and a Laurel, and Palm-Branch in her Left, Of WINDSO R. 147 Left, with a Snake twilling round her Arm. I11 the Second Nich, on the Right, is a Fi- gure, reprefenting Epic Poetry, with a Scroll in her Right Hand, and a Trumpet in her Left. She has Wings likewifeto her Head, that are faften’d with a Bandage or Fillet. Over the Door, going into the Lodgings, is a Bull of Venus in Black Marble. In the Firft Nich, on one Side, is a Figure reprelenting Sculpture , with a Mall, or Mal- let, in her Right Hand, and a Bull of anOld Man in her Left. In the Nich on the other, is a Figure, re- prefenting 'dinting, with a Palate in one Hand, and a Mask in the other. In the Firft Nich, on the Left Hand, is the Figure of Mujick , playing on a Violin. In the Second, is a Figure, that reprefen ts Mathematicks. Her Right Hand grafps a Square, and her Left is laid gently on her Breaft. All the Figures in general, being painted in Umber, and heightned with Gold, appear to the Eye like Brafs Statues. O z In i 4 8 The ROYAL PALACE. In the fquarc Niches, on the Right and the Left, are two Fabulous Stories from Ovid's Met amor phefes $ one of which reprefents the Transformation of Phaeton's Sifters into Trees , and the other, that of Cycnus Into a Swan. In the Front fquareNich, is an open Oval Hole, which looks into a Back Stair-Cafe, where you fee a curious Hunting-piece in Stone- Colour, wherein Meleager kills the wild Boar of Aitolia, and gives the Head ot It to his Miftiefs, the fair Atalanta. Ihere are two Pillars of the Ionic Order, painted on each Side the Hunting- piece. The whole Stair- Cafe was defign’d and ex- ecuted, as we are inform’d, by Sir James Thorn- hill, in the Reign of his late Majefly King George I. Having thus given our Readers a fatisfaft- ory Account, as^we humbly conceive, of the molt remarkable Beauties ot the Stair-Cafe, we ihall next conduct them into the Royal A- partments. On your firft AdmhTxon you are /hewn The QJJ EEN’s Guard -Chamber, The Ceiling of this Room, which was painted by Ferrio 7 (as indeed all the other Ceilings are in general throughout the whole Palace) reprelents Britannia , in all her Glo- ry, ieatcd on a Globe $ and Europe , A A- frica , and America , paying their Court to her. We fhall here, for the Amufement of our Readers, introduce a fhort Defcription of the Emblematic Figures, in which tnelefour Parrs of the Globe are generally represented by the rood accurate Painters, among ft the An- tients ; with a fnort Explication of the In- flr actions they imply. Europe then, in the firfl' Place,, is delinea- ted, as a Lady , in a very rich Habit, of divers Colours, fitting between two croft Cornucopias , th 3 one, full of all 4 Sorts of Grain, and the o ther of black and white Grapes: She holds a Temple in her Right Hand, and points with the fore- Finger of her Left to Scepters and Crowns ^ a Horie amongft Trophies of Arms, a Book alio, with an C'-wI perching upon it • -a Variety of Mufical frftruments that He by her, and a Pallet tor a Limner with Pencils. By all which Emblems they denct*, that this Part of the dole, is the principal, and 130 Tie ROY AL P AL ACE m oft confpicuous for 'Religion, Arts, and Arms. Ajla is reprefented as another Lady, wear- ing a Garland of various Flowers and Fruits, and clad in a rich embroider’d Veftment, hold - ing divers Branches in her Right Hand, with Roots of Cafpa, Pepper , and Olives ^ and in her Left Hand, a ftnoaking Cenfer, and on one Side of her, a Camel on its Knees. By the Garland, with which her Head is lo adorn’d, they would intimate, that Apia produces every thing that is not only delight- ful to the Eye, but whatever is requilite for the comfortable Support of humane Life : By her rich Garment, they intimate, that there is great Plenty of thole rich Materials 5 by the Bundle of Spices, that fhe diftributes her Fa- vours all over the habitable World. The Cenler denotes the odoriferous Gums, and o- ther fragrant Spices it produces, and the Ca- me /, is a Beafl proper to this Quarter of the World. Africa is reprefented by a Blackmoor Wo- man almoft naked, having frizzled Hair, an Elephant's Head for a Creft, a Necklace of Coral , and Pendants of the fame $ at her Ear a Scorpion , holding in her Right Hand a Cornucopia , with Ears of Corn in her Left Hind $ a fierce Lien by her on one Side, and a Viper and a Serpent on the other. By her being 0/ WINDSOR. 151 being reprefented almoft naked, they intimate that thofe Parts abound not with Materials for cloathing 5 the Elephant is an Animal pe- culiar to that Country, and Vipers and Ser- pents likewife are more numerous there, than in any other Place. America is likewife reprefented by a Woman almoft naked, with a tann’d, or tawny Af- peth. Page of your Account of the Royal Palace of Hampton Court , to which we /hail refer the Reader to avoid Repetitions. There are a Variety like wife of other Fi- gures, luch as Zephyrs, Cupids , See. all ma- king their Court to Britannia , by way of fur- ther Decoration. Over the Chimney is a beautiful * Portrait of Prince George df Denmark , all in Armour, with a ioofe Coat thrown over it, riding on a /lately Hcrie, like Alexander' s Bucephalus 3 with a martial Truncheon in his Hand and underneath the Coat is plainly to be di/cern’d his blue Garter. On the Right Side of him is a diftant Prolpeft of a ftrong Fort, and of a Fleet at iome cOn/iderable Di/rance likewiie on the Left. This beautiful Piece was paint- ed by Mr. Dahl. The whole Apartment is embelli/h’d with Whole pikes, Half pikes, and Quarter pikes ; and upon them are Carbines, bayonets, Can- da leers, Match-boxes, &T. all dilpol’d in va- 4 nous Of W I N DSOR. I rious Forms ; in which arc carv’d Garter^ and Crowns in Lime- wood, with the Cypher of C. R. i.e. Carolus Rex % or King Charles , in the Middle: Befides thefe warlike Decora- tions, there are rich Tables, Stools, and other Houfhold Furniture, in feme Mealure Ratable to the Grandeur of the Room. From this Chamber you go into The KIN G’s Ch a p f e t, . The Ceiling reprefents, in the moft lively Manner, the glorious Afcen/ion of our Bleffed Saviour into Heaven, who Hands in all his Glory in the Center, with a numerous Train of Angels waiting round him. On the Weft Side is delineated the Tomb, or Sepulchre, from whence he arofe with fuch Pomp and Magnificence $ and all round the Cornifti are the Soldiers, that werefet over him as aWatch 3 all faft afleep. Tho* this be a Scripture-Hiftory,anddoubt~ lefs very well known 5 yet we flatter ourfelves that a ihort Narrative of fb remarkable a Paf- lage, recorded in Sacred Writ, will be look’d upon as no difagreeable Amulement to any one, much lefs to fuch Reader*, as may be fe- rioufiy inclin’d. With- 154 V* ROYAL PALACE Without making therefore any Apology, we fhall venture to introduce the Story. Our blefled Lord and Saviour having ac- complijfh’d his Sacrifice on theCrofs, and con- tinu’d obedient unto Death, there happen’d a Variety of fuch extraordinary Circumftances, as difeover’d beyond all Contradiction who he was, and made the Jews themfelves consci- ous of the enormous Crime they had commit- ted. The Heavens were overfpread with thick Clouds of Darknefs during the Space of three whole Hours 3 the Veil of the Temple was rent from Top to Bottom 3 the Earth quak’d, the Rocks iplit 3 the Graves were open’d 5 the dead Bodies of many Saints, which flcpt, arofe, and not only left their refpeCtive Tombs, but appear’d to divers Pcrlons in Jerufalem . So many extraordinary Signs or Tokens of the Dignity of him, whom the Jews had fb unjuftly, as well as inhumanly crucified, made the Centurion (who commanded the Soldiers ) and they that were with him to watch our bleffed Saviour, fay, that doubtlefs this Man was the Son of God . The Reft, aftonifh’d at thefe unexpected Prodigies, fpake to the lame Purpofe 3 and this great AfTembly of the Peo- ple, which came to this Spectacle, beholding fuch ftrange Things, chang’d their Inlults in- to Of WINDSOR. iyj to Sighs^ and return’d back with the utmofl Compunflion and Grief of Heart. In the mean Time, the Jews , not being ve- ry willing that the dead Bodies of our Saviour and the two Thieves, who were crucified with him, Ihould remain on the Crofs, during the Time of their Paffover, made their earned: Applications to Pilate , that the Thighs of thele Criminals (as they took them to be) Iliould be broken, and their Bodies be after- wards taken down from the Crofs, to which Pilate very readily contented. The Soldiers, having found the two Thieves as yet alive, broke their Legs, as they were wder’d $ but as our bleffed Lord was actually dead, one amongft them only pierc’d his Side with a Lance, from whence iffued out a Pro- fufion of Water and Blood. At Night, one of our Saviour's Difciples, tho’ unknown, named Jofeph , of the City of Arimathea , who was a good Man, and no Ways concern’d in the Death of the bleffed Jefus , came boldly to Pilate , to beg our Sa- viour’s Body, w’hich Pilate granted without the leaft Hefitation. Whereupon Jofeph , to- gether with a Friend of his, one Nicodemus 9 took the Body of our Lord, and embalming it with precious Spices, and fhrouding it in a line Linnen Cloth, buried it in a New Pomb^ or Sepulchre , which he had hewn out of a Rock 5 i ><* Tk ROY A L PALACE Rock, and he roll’d a great Stone to the Door of the Sepulchre, and departed. And there was Mary Magdalen , and Mary , the Mother of James and Jcfes , fitting over againft the Se- pulchre. Notwithftanding our bleffed Lord lay thus buried in the Sepulchre , yet this did not alto- fher fatisfy the Jews 5 for they were apprehen- sive, left it fhould be publifh’d, that he was Rifcn 5 for which Reafon, they went in a Bo- dy to Pilate , telling him, that this Impofior had faid, when he was living, that he would rife again after his Death $ and entreated him to fet a Watch by the Sepulchre , left his Difi- ciples Ihould fteal away his Body, and after- wards publickly aflfert, that he was actually rifen. Thus they blinded themfelves with their own Wildom } for by endeavouring to prevent beforehand (as much as in them lay) the Re- furreffion of our Saviour , they confirm’d the Belief of the Fa£t by fuch particular Proofs, as were too ftrong to be contefted. For the Sepulchre being fo ftrongly guarded, and the Stone which fecur’d it fo lately leal’d, there immediately arole a great Earthquake : Th t Angel of the Lord , delcending from Heaven, roll’d away the Stone which lay before the Sepulchre, and lat thereon: His Eyes ihin’d like 0/ WINDSOR- . 15 7 ] ike Lightning , and his Garments were as white as Snow . The Guards that lay near the Sepulchre , were ftruck with Terror, and became as dead Men ^ wherefore they haften’d to Jerufalem , and told the Priefts, what ftrange Things has happen’d. Whereupon they immediately ai- lembled, to conlult together what Method, were beft to be taken in an Affair of iuch Mo- ment and Importance. They could not find out (with all their Cun- ning) a better Expedient, againit a Fadl, that was lb fell-evident, than to corrupt thele Sol- diers with a confiderable Sum of Money 5 in Return for which they were peremptorily to maintain and aflert, that whilfi they flept y our Saviour’/ Difciples came and fiole his Body away . In the mean Time, Mary Magdalen y and fome other Holy Women , whole Love was the fame to Jefus y both living and dead, being come early to the Sepulchre , in order to per- fume his Body with Spices, confulted amongft themfelves, who fhould roll away the Stone, that obltruSfcd their Paflage to the Sepulchre: But they were greatly iurpm’d, as they drew near to it, to lee it open 5 and yet more fo, when they enter’d in, and could not find the dear Body of him, whom they thus devoutly fearch’d for. P Mary i>8 The ROYAL PALACE Mary Magdalen ran immediately to give Notice of this to the Apoftles, and St. eter being come to the Sepulchre with St. John , faw the Linnen-Cloaths wherewith the Body of Jefus Chrift was wrapp’d. But they going away in an Aftonifhment, Mary Magdalen tarried behind, ihedding Tears in the Sepul- chre , when two Angels, c loath’d in white Rayment, one of which flood at the Head, and the other at the Foot of the Place where the Body of Jefus Chrift lay, ask’d her, why fhewept? To which Ihe aniwer’d $ That the Body of our Lord was taken away ,, and Jhe knew not where it was laid . And the Angel laid, “ Fear not , I know that you feek Jesus, oor Hermit, St. George ask’d him, where he plight have a Lodging for himlelf and his Horfe ? Of W I N DS O R. 1 53 Horfe ? Alas ! Sir, faid the Hermit, you feem to be a Stranger in this Country, and it is very unhappy for you that you are. come in- to it - y for the whole Country is almoft de- ftroy’d by a terrible Dragon , who devours e- very Day a young Virgin, infomuch that he hath now deilroy’d all the Virgins in the Kingdom, except the King’s Daughter, and ilic is to be lent To-morrow Morning to be de- vour’d by him. St. George , hearing this, was determin’d to deliver the King’s Daughter from the Jaws of the Dragon, ortolofe his Life in the Attempt. He flay’d all Night in the Hermit’s Cave, and riling early the next Morning, he buckled his Armour on, and mounting his Horfe, rode towards the Place where the Hermit told him the Dragon was. He had not gone far before he overtook them, leading the King’s beautiful Daughter to the Place where fhe was to be devour’d, and addrei- fing himfelf to the Princeis, Fair Lady , faid he, it were Pity that fo much Beauty fhould be- come a Prey to the yaws of a mercilefs Dra- gon, I therefore beg that you will go back to your Father's Palace $ for I am determin'd ei- ther to kill this Dragon , or to lofe my Life . Sir, Knight , anfwer’d the Princefs, 1 am fur- friz' d that a Stranger Jhould fo generoufly ha- zard his Life for my Sake 5 but if you are re- i at the Battle of Peiftiers, in which their then Royal Commander, King John y and a great Number of other Perfons of high Rank and Diftinflion were taken Priloners. At the Upper End, King Edward his Father is leated on i pompous Throne, and the young Prince his Son, cloath’d as a Ccrfa^ with a Crown of Laurel on his Head, i« repreiented as Of WINDSOR. 169 as approaching him in a triumphal Car, fup- ported on the Shoulders of leveral Slaves. There is a numerous Train of Attendants, gayly dreft,that wait on their victorious Mailer, together with a ielefl Number of Captives, that dole the Proceffion $ the Repreientation whereof is lo very grand, and the Figures fo large, that the whole Performance takes up the greater Part of that Side of the Hall. As this Part of the Hall principally ftrikes the Eye, and excites the Curioiity of almoffc every Beholder, we fhall here for the Readers further Amufement, as well as Jnftruftion, give him a compendious fliftorical Account both of King Edward the- Father, and Ed- ward the Son, who were, when living, the Pride and Glory of the Englijh Nation. Edward III. King of England , corn- monly call’d, from his Birth-Place, Edward of fVindfor , lucceeded his Father King Ed- ward II. upon his Refignation of the Crown in 1327. whofe Reign prov’d a Bleiling to England , and a Scourge to France and Scot- land . At Home he clear’d the Kingdom of Mortimer, Earl of March , an obnoxious Per- fon upon leveral Accounts. From the Scots he recover’d Berwick ; and Robert Bruce be- ing dead, he forc’d upon them Edward Paliol for their King, from whom he receiv’d Ho- mage. And to iupport him in his Throne, he CC ’ went i 7 o The ROYAL PALACE went no lefs than four Times to Scotland. To France he laid Claim, as next Heir by his Mother’s Side, upon the Death ot her Brother Charles IV. King of France, the youngeft Son of hilipW . wno died without lffue: Which occafion’d our famous Wars in France , againft Philip, firnamed Valois , who had ieiz’d upon the Kingdom, under Colour of a SaUque Law, which excluded Women from all Right or Title to the Crown. And fuch was our Suc- cefs mtheleWars, that King Edward march’d up to the very Heart of France , making great Dcvaftations along the River Seine, almoft to the Gates of tar is. In thel'c Wars were fought the two famous Battles of CrefJ'y and oidtiers , where the King’s eldeft Son, Edward the Black Prince, with a final! Body of Englifh , defeat^ ed a numerous Army of French , whole pom- pous Triumph, on that remarkable Conqueft, is the Subje6t of the beautiful Paintings, which we have above deferib’d. The Battle at Crejfey was fought in the Reign of King Philip $ and that of Poiftiers, in the Reign of King John , who was his im- mediate Succeflor, and was taken Priloner with Philip, his youngeft Son. When the News of this furprizing Victory was related to King Edward, with all the Circumftances of his Son’s generous Deport- ment to his Royal Captives, it is laid, the Fa- ther ©/ WINDSOR. 171 ther was more tranfported with that Part of the Narrative, than with all the reft. In fhort, Hiftorians afTert, that two fuch Princes were never known to have 10 univerfal a good Character, at the lame Time, as this our Edward, and his Heroic Son. About this Time David Bruce , Son of Ro- bert) Kin£ of Scotland, had, by the Favour of a ftrong Party, aflifted by the French , depos’d King Baliol , and rais’d himfelf upon the Throne of Scotland . Being a profeft Enemy to the Englifb, he was ealily prompted to at- tempt a War with England , and he took his Time for it, when King Edward wa* taken up with the long Seige of Calais. But at Ne+ viTs Crofs, near Durham, his Army was en- tirely routed, and himfelf taken Prifoner 5 Queen F, hi 1 1 bp a , the Wife of King Edward t being herfelf in the Field : So that England had then the Glory of having, at one and the fame Time, two Foreign Kings Priioners, viz. John, King of France , and David , King of Scotland, two noble Subjects of Triumph. Here was alfo, at the fame Time, a King of Cyprus ; and thole three Kings, together with King Edward, one Henry icard, then Lord Mayor, had the Honour to feaft together at his own Expence. ’Twas in this Reign, that the Title of the Duke of Ccrnwal was firft conferr’d on the 2, vifta- 172 Tb$ ROYAL PALACE victorious Edvjard , the Black Prince, which has been continu’d ever lince, as a Birth-right to the El deft Son of England . And his pre- sent Royal Highnefs Frederick , Prince of Wales , having erected at the lower Part of his Cardens at Carlton - H ufe , adjoining to St. James's Park, a fine Bathing Ro&™, or Grotto, over which is a Dining Room, richly adorn’d both within and without, has thought fit to commemorate his great and glorious Predecef- for, in that Place. Amongft many other Decorations there, which are foreign to our Purpofe, and not pro- per here to enumerate, are two curious Bufto’s on each Side of the Door* one reprel'enting the renown’d King Alfred , and the other Ea- ward the Black Prince, who are both record- ed in our Englijh Annals, with all the Enco- miums due to their uncommon Merit. Under the Firft is the following Infcription, in Gold Characters. Alfredo Magno Anglorum Reipublicae Libertatis Fundafori $ Jufto, forti, bono, Legiflatori, Duci, Regi 5 Artium Mufarumque Fautoin eruditiffimo 5 Patrix Cf WIN DSOR. 173 Patrice Patri $ Pofuit. F. W. P. Mdccxxxv, Which in Englijb runs thus. To ALFRED the GaEir, Founder of the F.nglijh Commonwealth and Liberty, the Juft Law-giver, the brave Leader, and good King $ the moft learned Patron of Arts and Sciences 3 and the Father of his Country. Frederick , Prince of JVales, rais’d this Baft, in the Year 1735. Under the Other, E DW ARDO, Edwardi Tertii Regis Filio, Optimo, piiftimo, Gallise Debellatori 5 Qui Partis ftrenue Viflorus Modefte et clementer Ufus, Laudem 0.5 Animt i 7 4 Tfo ROYAL PALACE Animi Alti, bcnevoli, Verecundi, Lauru omni Triumphali Potiorcm honeflioremque Mcrito fibi vindicavit$ Principi prseclarifiimo, Anteceflori et Exemplari luo $ Poiuii F. W. P. Mr c cxxx v. In Englijh th us. In Honour of the moll renown’d Prince Ed- ward, Son of King Edward III. his Predc- ceffor and Pattern, the moll excellent and pious Conqueror of France, who ufing the Victories gain’d by his Valour with Mode* ration and Clemency, jultly challeng’d the Glory of a fublime ? benevolent, and con- ddeending Spirit 3 as being more defirable and honourable, than all the Ornaments of Triumph* Frederick , Prince of Wales , rais’d this Bult ? in the Year 1735. But to return to our Hiltory. This Reign of Edward III. is memorable befldcs for the Initiation of the moil noble Order 0/ WINDSOR. 1 175 Order of the Garter, for the Removal of the Staple of Englijh Wool out of Flanders , where it was formerly fettled into England $ and for the Conqueft of the Ijle of Man from the S cots. In this Reign alfo died the Hopes of the EngliJJj Nation, the incomparable Edward , the Black Prince, whole Death haften’d that of his Royal Father : For not long after, he died at Shene in Surry , and was buried at Wefiminfier $ having liv’d to the Age of 6 5 Years, and reign’d fomething above 50. By Philippa his Wife beformention’d, who was the Daughter of the Earl of Hainbault> he had 7 Sons and 5 Daughters. Two of his Sons died in their Infancy, viz. William of Hatfield , and William of Wind for , the other five were Edward , the Black Prince, his Eld- eft (whofe Son Richard fucceeded next to the Crown) Lionel Duke of Clarence , John of Guanty Duke of Lancafier y Edmund , Duke of Tork y and Thomas Duke of Gloucefter . His Daughters were Ifahel y Joan r Blanche , Mary^ and Margaret . Amongft which, Blanche died young. Such of our Readers as fhall be defirous of being farther inform’d of the Reign of this King, and the noble Exploits of our Black Prince, (who, on Account of his Warlike Deeds i 7 6 The ROYAL PALACE Deeds and not on Account of his Colour, was fo diftinguiih’d) may confult St>?ed> and the Life of Edward III. written by Dr. Barnes . This Story (as we arc credibly inform’d) was painted, in another Manner, by the lame Hand, viz. Mr. jr errio , in the Beginning of King William's Reign, and lb remain’d, it leems, for feveral Years : For as foon as it was fini fil’d, the then Earl of Exeter , who was a great Admirer of all Arts, but particularly of fine Painting, employ’d him for twelve Years fucccfltvely at his Country Scat, call’d Bur - lei^h Houle, near Stamford , where he allow’d him a Coach and Horfes, an Equipage, a Ta- ble, and feveral Servants, and a very confider- able Pcnfion. After the Expiration of fa many Years, King William entertain’d him again : And, as the Connoiffeurs in Painting had found fomc Faults with his Capital Performance of the Triumph beforemention’d, direfted him to cancel the Former, and make a Second At- tempt, which Orders he accordingly obey’d, and threw it into the" advantageous Light it now ftands in, and which, ’tis prelum’d, will admit of no future Improvements. Tho’ we might very naturally, after this Account, introduce fom? Memoirs of this cele- brated Painter : yet as he was good for little cite 5 and as his Condu£t was togenerous, not to Of WIN D S O R. 177 lay difhoneft, towards all with whom he had to do, we fhall throw a Veil over him, and refer thole, who are more curious and inquifi- tive than ordinary, to the Inhabitants of Stam- ford aforefaid, where he refided for lb many Years, for a Character of him, with Regard to his Deportment in private Life* But to return to the Hall. We have but one Piece more which deferves the Reader’s Attention, and that is a fine Portrait (which is depofited over the Door, in a Corner juft by the Gallery) of the Lady, who loft her Garter at an AfTemhly, which was taken up by King Edward , and was (as feme will have it) the Original Caule of the Jnfti- tution of that antient and honourable Order. Whether this Story be grounded on Fa£l or not, we fhall not prefume to determine $ fincc leveral Hiftorians, of good Repute, are divi- ded in their Opinion- , with Rdpe£t to the Rife and Origin of that antient and illuftri- o.us Society. Some conjefture, that it arofe from a Battle wherein Edward came oft vic- torious, and wherein the Private Signal , or Jd r atck-J / Vbrd > that was then given, was the Garter . Camden aflerts, that Edward III. was the Founder of it, with no other View, than to do juft Honours to all Heroic Atchievements, and ryS The ROYAL PALACE and to encourage all thofe who were diftin- guiih’d by their Birth, to diftinguilh them' ielves by their uncommon Merit. The Original Book of the Inftitntion as- cribes the Invention of it to King 'Richard I. but acknowledges indeed, that King F -/ward very much adorn’d it, and made it mine in its full Luftre. The common receiv’d Notion, however, is this, that the Garter of 1< ing Edward's Coniort, or (as icme imagine) of Joan, then Count eft of Salisbury, flipping off in a Dance, the King ftocp’d himlelf, and took it up. Some Noblemen, upon this Condefcenfion of his Majefty, imiling at it, as a Mark of Royal Gallantry, he allur’d them with an Air of Gravity, that it Ihould not be long before public k Honours fhould be done to that Gart - er-j whereupon afterwards, he added th z French Motto to it, which the Arms of the Crown ft : ill bear, viz. Honi foit qui mal y pen fe, or Evil be to him that Evil thinks , as a gentle Repri- mand to thofe, who put fuch a loole Conftruc- tion on his innocent Intentions. Having detain’d our Readers, we fear, fome- what too long in this Hall (tho’ doubtlefs a very delightful one) wc fhali -now conduit them into Of WINDSOR, * 79 The KING’* Guard-Chamber. In the Center of the Ceiling there is a Dome, on the Top whereof are Jupiter and Juno, feated on a Celeftial Throne $ with Mercury , the Meflenger of Heaven, in Waiting, under- neath them. The Ceiling below the Dome is likewife gayly decorated. On one Side of it, is the Goddels Iris, richly array’d, and feated in all her Grandeur on her Bow, which ftrikes the Eye, in the moft agreeable Manner, with its variegated Colours , on the other Side of the Dome are Mars , and Bellcna , the God and Gcddefs of /^r, with other fuitable Decorations. Over the Chimney is a * Picture of that ce- lebrated Hero, Charles the Xllth, late King of Sweden, mounted on a lecond Bucepha- lus , in a warlike Habit, with a Truncheon in his Hand, and a Plume of Feathers in his Hat. This Piece is executed in a fine Tafte, by the famous Vandyke % moft of whofe Per- formances are juft Objects of univerial Admi- ration. The Room is decorated all round with a vaft Number of Pikes, Carbines, and other Implc menu of War, particularly five Pieces of Ar- mour i8o The ROYAL PALACE mour compleate, and difpos’d at equal Di- flances : There -arc befides Brea ft- Plates and Helmets, Three in a Row, and two Drums, alternately rang’d, all round the Cornifh. The RING’s Presence-Chambr. On the Ceiling is Mercury , the Meflenger of the Gods, with the Portrait of King Charles the lid, in his Hands, fhewing it, with Tran- sport, as it were, to the View of the four Quarters of the World, with a vaft Variety of other Emblematical Figures, all beautifully diiplay’d, in their proper Places. The Room is hung with rich Tapeftry Hangings, which are the Representation of lome antient Roman Story, but what in parti- cular, we are at a Lois to determine. As the Lights are Gold, however, they have a very good Effect, and are no dii agreeable Decora- tion. Over the Chimney is the Portrait of the late Countefs of Dorfet , drawn by Sir Peter Lilly, Over one Door is a Madcna , and over ano- ther, the Portrait of Father anl. The Ca- nopy is a rich flower’d Scarlet Velvet. The Curtains, Chairs, and Stools are cover’d with Velvet Of WINDSOR. 1 8 1 Velvet likewile, and of the fame Colour. Un- der a fine Pier-Glals there is a large Silver Table, beautifully engraved $ as all'o two Sil- ver Stands, neatly engraved, but by what Hand in particular, we cannot prefume to lay. The Audience Room. On the Ceiling is depicted Britannia^ tread- ing, in a triumphant Manner, on the Head of a Lion, with a vaft Variety of other Emble- matic Figures round about her. Over one of the Doors is a half Length Portrait of St. Peter , with his Fi/h $ and James and John behind him, drawn, in an elegant Manner, by Lucas Jordaine . Over the Chimney is the Protrait of the late Dutcheis of Salisbury , by Sir Peter Lilly . Over another Door is a beautiful * Hiftory- piece, by Vandyke , in which our Blefled Sa- viour is reprefented as Handing, like a Crimi- nal, before Pontius Pilate , who, notwithftand- ing his private Conviction of our Lord’s being a juft Perfon, and altogether innocent of the Fails, whereof he was accus’d $ and notwith- ftanding he was willing indeed, if poflible, to lave him from the Fury of the People, and wafti’d his Hands publickly before them, as a Teftimony that he was not guilty ot his Blood, R yet 182 r&ROYALPALACE yet being a worldly-minded Man, and afraid of giving Diftafte at Court, without the lead: Regard either to Juftice or Humanity, not only condemn’d him at that time to be Scourg’d, hut afterwards pronounc’d Sentence of Death upon him, which was executed accordingly. Over the Door, leading to the next Room, is another Hiftory-piece, wherein the Apoftles are reprefented, as looking into our Saviour’s Sepulchre after his miraculous Afcention. The Room is hung all round with rich, but very antique Tapeftry, reprelenting fome re- ligious Rites and Ceremonies of the Jews. The Canopy, Chair, and Stools are all co- ver’d with rich Velvet, trimm’d with Silver. The Drawing-Room. On the Ceiling is beautifully reprelented his late Majefty King Charles the lid, riding in a triumphant Car, and trampling under his Feet the Figures of Envy and Ignorance . Over the Chimney is the Protrait of a celebrated Philofopher, in a Chinefe Drefs, with a Cru- cifix in his Hand, painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller . On one Side is a Magdalen , in a fine Tafte $ and on the other Venus and Adonis , by Rubens . Over the Door is the Head of John the Bajotijiy in a Charger* The Of WINDSO R. 183 The KING’s Eed'Cii ameer. On the Cieling is delineated King Charles the lid, feated on his Throne in his Robes ot State, with a Figure, dreft in a Mantle, em- broider’d with Flower-de-luces , reprefenting France , as an humble Supplicant, kneeling at his Feet. Over one Door is a Hiftory-piece of one of St. Paul's Persecutions $ and over another, the Portrait of King Charles the lid, / when but a Youth, by Vandyke . The Bed and Curtains are all of blue Damask, richly trimm’d with Gold Fringe. There are Silver Sconces regularly difpos’d all round the Room. Over the Chimney are plac’d three curious Marble- Bufts 5 and the Tapeftry Hangings are a Re~ prefentation of the well-known Story of Hero , and Leander. The Lover is in the Aftion of Swimming over the HelefpGnt, and his Miftrefs is waiting, with Concern for his fafe Arrival, on the Shore. The KING’s Dressing-Room, On the Cieling is reprefented the Fabulous Hiftory of Jupiter , defending into the Lap of the beauteous JDanae , in a Golden Shower. Over one Door is a naked Venus, by Rubens ; R 2 and iS 4 The ROYAL PALACE and over another, a gay Bacchanal , by Jor daine . The KING’S Closet. On the Cieling is beautifully reprefented the Fabulous Hiltory of Jupiter's Amour with Leda , under the Transformation of a Swan. On the Left Hand as you enter, is a large Fieceof Needle-work, ina fine Frame, wrought, as we are inform’d, by Mary , Queen of Scots. The Story is a Confeflion, and the Figures that are introduc’d into it, are near four Foot high. Over the Chimney are plac’d three Marble Bulls. Over one Doer is a Magdalen 5 over another, a fleeping Cupid , by Titian $ and over a third, a Bfyc%e> the young and beauteous Miftrels of Cupid . The KING’S Drawing-Room. On the Cieling is reprefented the Pantheon , or an Affembly of all the Gods. Over the Chimney is the Portrait of the Lady D/ghy> by Vandyke . The Room is hung all round with rich Tapeftry. Of WINDSOR. 185 The QO EEN’s Bed -Chamber. On the Cieling is reprefented Morpheus , the God of Sleep, indulging himfelf in Indolence and Eale, with his Head reclin’d in the Lap of a venerable old Man, who has W mgs upon his Shoulders. Over the Chimney is the Holy Family, by Rafaelle . The Bed, being of a rich Velvet, made in En- gland , the Ground whereof is White, embof- fed with a great Variety of blue and lcarlet Flowers, is cover’d with a Yellow Silk. The Curtains to the Windows are of the fame Silk as the Cover. The Skreen, Chairs, and Stools are made up of the fame wrought Vel- vet as the Bed. The Beauty-Room. This Room is furniih’d with fourteen le- veral Portraits of the reigning Beauties 5 all Half-Lengths, and painted by Sir Peter Lilly . R 5 The i86 Twe ROYAL PALACE The Names of thefe celebrated Ladies are as follow, viz. 3 Mrs. Knott. ~ Mrs. Law f on. 3 Lady Sunderland. 4 Laly Rochefter. 5 Lady Denham. 6 The Sifter of tie faid Lady Denham. 7 Mrs. Middleton. 8 Lady Byrom. N. B. This Piece ftands over the Chimney. 9 The Dutch efts of Richmond. 3o The Count efs of North umber land, 1 1 Lady Gramont. 32 Dutch efs of Cleveland. 13 Dut chefs of Somerfet. And 14 Lady Oflery, Mother of the late Duke of Ormond. The QJJEEN’s Dressing-Room,. In the Clofet, upon a Stool, is depofited an Enfign, or Standard, of white Sarcenet, near a Foot fquare, on which are three Flower-de- luces 1 Of WINDSOR. 1S7 luces , neatly work’d $ by this the Charter of Blenheim is held. In the lame Clofet is a Por- trait of her late Majefty Queen Caroline , with- out a Frame, and not put up. Here are like- wile the Portraits of feveral Poets, Painters, and Philolbphers. Over the Chimney are the Portraits of King Charles the Firft’s Queen, King Charles the Second’s Queen, and Queen Mary , w'hen young, all in one Piece, by Van- dyke. Over the Door is a Portrait of the Mo- ther of her late Majefty Queen Anne , by Sir Peter Lilly . Queen Elizabeth ’s-G allery, now calVd the Picture, -Gallery. Over the Door, is the well-known Story of Judith , and Holofernes , as recorded in the Vllth Chapter of the Book of Judith. On one Side of which, is the Portrait of King James the Firft, and on the other, the Por- trait of his Royal Confort. There is a Dutch Family Piece on the Right, and Romein Flames on the Left, but by what Hand, we cannot abfolutely determine. \ The 188 The ROYAL PALACE The Furniture on the Left Side. i. A Magdalen . i. The Holy Family. 3. The Portrait of the lateEmperor of Ger- many , in his Royal Robes. (A whole- Length.) 4. A Magdalen . (A Night-Piece) by Skalkin . 5. The Adoration of j the Magi t or Wife- [ ,who, being di- rected by a Star to the Houfe where our BleJJ'ed Saviour lay in his Mother’s Lap, not only fell down proftrate at his Feet and wor- fhipp’d him, but offer’d him, not- withftanding the outward Poverty in which they both appear’d, the myf* terious Prefents of Gold , Myrrh , and Frankincenfe . This Piece was perform- ed, by Paul Fero- nefe . 6 . The Converfion of St. Pauly as the Sto- ry is related in the XXII. Chapter of the Atfs of the Apo- files . 7. The Story of the Sick Man, at the Pool of Bethefda , as the Story is related in the Vth Chapter of the Gofpel of St. John . This Piece was painted by Ra - faelle . 8. The Fabulous Sto- ry of PerfeuSy and Andromeda . 9. A Of WINDSOR. 9 - A Converfation- Picce between Ara - tene , and Titian , by Titian . ic. * Two Miiers, beautifully painted, by a Blacldmith. One is reprefented as weighing of Gold, 1 8 9 which lies in Heaps upon a Table $ wnilft the other is look i ng w i fhfu 1 1 y at the Scales, overhis Shoulders. Above, is a little Shelf, with a Candle upon it, juft extinguifh- ed. At the upper End of the Room, is a curi- ous Amber Cabinet, and other valuable Fur- niture. The Furniture on the Right Side. j. The Portrait of the young Duke of Glou- cefier , by Dahl . 2. The Portrait of his Royal Highnefs P. George of Denmark , ( a whole-Length, ) by the fame Hand. 3. The Portrait of K. Henry the VIHth, by Hans Holbein . 4. The Portrait of one ^ Vandanelli , an Ita- lian Statuary, by Rembrant . 5. F if teeafeveral Por- traits, all in a Row 7 , of Roman Catholick Priefts, of different Orders. 6 . A Piece of Fowls, by Sneider . 7. A large Rural Piece, in low Life, by Baf- fan . 8. A ipo 77 j« ROYAL PALACE 8. A Reprefentation of the famous Bat- / tie of the Spurs . Over which is in- fcrib’d, in Capitals, Tervaine. 9 . Two Views of TVindfor-CaJile , by Wajierman . 10. Two Italian Mar- kets, by Michael Angelo . The QUEEN’s Drawing-Room. Over the Door is the Story of Lot, and his two Daughters. Over another is a Dutch Fa- mily-Piece. The Room is hung with Tape- ftry, reprelenting a great Variety of Rural Amufements. The Canopy is of rich flower- ed Velvet. Here are leveral Chairs, and Stools, likewife, cover’d with the fame. The Dining-Room. In the Paflage to it, is a fine Hunting-Piece, Six Yards by Eight, painted by Sneider . In the Front, is the Fabulous Stury of Hercules at the Diftaff, with his Miftrefs Omphale , beau- tifully painted, by Titian . Here is likewife a curious Night-Piece, lb artfully difpos’d in a dark Place, as to have a very agreeable Ef- fect, by Skalkin. The Of WINDSOR, ipi The B a l L'Room. On the Cieling is reprefented Britannia , with various Emblematic Figures, denoting the Li- berty of Europe . In the Cornifhes are the Four Seafons , and the Twelve Signs of the Zo- diac!?, Over the Door is the Portrait of the famous J'Dunfeftus. Over another, a Roman Charity , by Guido , In this Room, there are likewife two Chimneys $ over the one is a beautiful Repre- fentationof the Arts and Sciences, And over the other, the Figure of Fame, Here are likewife a Holy Family-Piece, and a Satyr addreffing Venus , dilpos'd in proper Places, both well executed. The Room is hung with BruJJefs Tapeftry. Here is a larj>e Pier-Glals, with a Silver Frame, a Silver Table underneath it, with the King’s Arms, neatly engrav’d upon it, and a large Silver Stand on each Side. TfoQJJEEN’s Audience-Room* On the Cieling is reprefented Queen Catha - rine> leated in a triumphal Chariot, with other lui table Decorations. Over the Door, on the Left Hand, is the Story of St, Stephen fton’d I 9 z 7^ ROYAL PALACE fton’d, as recorded in the Vllth Chapter of the Jffs of the Apoftles . Over the Chimney is a Magdalen ^ juft expiring, beautifully perform’d by Caraccio. Over another Door is the Hiftory of Judith and Hoi of ernes. Here is a Magnificent Throne with a Canopy, on which are two Plumes of fine Feathers. The Room is hung with rich Tapeftry, and furnifh’d with a Chair likewife, and two Stools, which are cover’d with rich. Velvet. The QU EEN’s Presenc e-Ch amber. On the Ceiling is delineated Queen Catba- rine , iurrounded like Venus , by the Graces. At one End of it is a Figure, reprelenting Fi- delity 5 and at the other, the Symbol of Se- crecy , with other Decorations. Here is a fine v Magdalen , with her Eyes fix’d fteadfaft on a Crucifix, by Sir Peter Lilly . Over the Chim- ney is the Story of Judith , and Holofernes , by Guido . The Room is hung with rich Tape- ftry, reprelenting the various Perfecutions of the Chriftians. And over the Door, is the Fabulous Story of °rometheus y ftruck dead by Jupiter , for prefumptuoufly ftealing away his Celeftial Fire, Having 0/ WINDSOR. 19 } Having thus given our Readers a curfbry View of all the principal Beauties of the Roy- al Apartments, wc fhall conduft them , in the next Place, into the Inner Court, which lies on the Left Hand of the Grand-Stair-Cafe, as they come down, notwithftanding the Curiolx- ties there, as we are inform’d, are never ex- pos’d to publick View, that Paffage being free and open to none but the Royal Family. Under the Piazza, on the Weft Side, which is pav’d with Stone, and lupported by Stone arch’d Colonades, are two Wooden Benches, or Seats, Icarce worth the mentioning 3 over the firft, however, is hung up a very remark- able Pair of StagVHorns, which are at leaft four Yards wide. Over the Colonades is a Stone Gallery, and over the Door of the Entrance into it, on the Left, is a whole-Length Portrait of the Do- nor of the Equeftrian Statue, which Hands in the Quadrangle, and of which we fhall give a particular Account in its proper Place, drawn in a modern Drefs, by Sir Godfrey Knell er. In the Front is King Davids playing on his Harp, with a Variety of other Mu Asians, who join in Concert with him. There are fix Pila- fters on each Side, painted in the Ionic Order, between which are four Statues 3 the Firft with a burning Heart in one Hand, and the other leaning on a Pillow, being a lively Pvc- S pre- 194 ROYAL PALACE prelentation of Cbrifiian Fortitude $ the Se- cond with a Bandage, or Fillet, over her Eyes, and her Hands refting on two Tables, to de- note the Fervency of Devotion : The Th ird, with a Flame on her Head, and her Hands on her Breafts, as an Emblem of divine Medita- tion j the laft with a Flame on her Head, a Book in her Hand, and a Flame on the Book, to intimate, that the facred Scriptures were written by divine Inspiration. Over the Door on the Right Hand, is a Female Figure, with a Caduceus in her Hand, and a Star on her Head, which are the Em- blems of Pbilofophy. On the Cieling is delineated two Female Figures in a triumphal Car, with two Swans in Front. Jupiter's Eagle flies before them, and there are two little Cupids , as Attendants, with Doves in their Hands. On the North Side of the Inner Court, Are four Figures in arch’d Niches, repre- fenting Mars , the God of War, Juno , the Queen of Heaven, Jupiter , the God of Gods, and Neptune, the God of the wide Ocean. In the Front on the fame Side, in a Square Ni.ch, Is the Reprelentation of a Roman Naval Engagement. In the Front on the South Side, in a Square Nich, Are fix Pilafters, carv’d in Stone, of the Compofite Order. Between the Pilafters, Are 17?, The Story of Alexander, and Dio- genes in his Tub, which has been before re- lated at large, in our Account of Hampton - Court. 2. Alexander taking up the Pencil of Zeuxes, one of the moft celebrated Painters amongft the Ancients. 3. Alexander, at the Head of his Army. And 4. A Roman Sacrifice. _ Obferve, all thefe four laft Pieces are per- form’d in Stone-Colour. S 2 Under T/j€ royal palace Under thefe curious Pieces, there is a Flight of feven Stone Steps, which goes up to the Queen’s Stair-Cafe 3 on the Dome, whereof is repreftnted the Battle of the Giants. In the Front, under the Stairs, is Hercules painted, in Imitation of a Brafs Statue. There are two Flights of ten Stone Steps each, with wrought Iron Balluftrades, which lead to the Door of the Queen’s Apartments. On the Left Hand Side, Vulcan is repreftnted with his Attendants, very intent on forging the Armour of Achilles. On the Left, in Front, Is an Engagement between the Greeks and the Trojans . On the Right, Is repreftnted, He&or flain, by the Hand of Achilles , and on the Left, Achilles himfelf, kill’d by Paris y who by Accident flruck him with an Arrow in his Heel, in which Place alone, he was capable of being wounded. Of WINDSOR. 197 On the Weft Side, over the Door, as you come in, are two Pieces of the fame Size, with thofe above-mention’d. One whereof, is the Reprelentation of the Trojan Fleet, and the other of the Grecian Fleet 5 all painted in Freico on the Wall. There being nothing further worth Oblerv- ing in this Inner - Court, the Spectator re- turns to the great Gate, fronting the Grand Stair-Cafe, before deferib’d, which leads di- rectly into the Quadrangle, or large Square 3 in the Center whereof, is the fine Brafs Statue before-mention’d of King C bar /es the id, on Horle-back, erefted on a large Square Pedeftal, with Stone Steps $ the Front of which, is embelliih’d with the Cypher, ( C. R, ) or ( Charles Rex . ) furrounded with a Garter. On the Top are a Palm- Branch, a Crown of Laurel, a Scepter, and a Sword. The Royal Motto, Honi foit qui mat y fienfe, i. e. Evil be to him that EviT thinks , is dilpos’d in a Scroll, contriv’d for that Purpofe. The South Side is embellifh’d with an a- greeable Variety of emblematic Figures, exr preflive of the Art of Navigation. On the Weft Side, Is a Latin Infcription, within a Curtain, adorn’d with Flowers, the Purport whereof is, S 3 that 1 98 Tlx ROYAL PALACE that Tobias Rest at, who was an Inhabi- tant of fVindfor , and one of his Majefty’s Do- meftick Servants, erefled that Monument, in the Year of our Lord, 1680, in order to per- petuate the Memory of his Royal Mafter, and to teftify to the World, his grateful Acknow- ledgments of all the Favours, which from Time to Time had been conferr’d upon him. The North Side of the Pedeital is em bel- li ih’d with a vaft Variety of Fruits, Gfc. The whole is enclos’d with Iron Balluftrades, in a Square Form, with Lamp-Irons at each .Angle. And Underneath it, is a curious Water-Engine, or Machine, for fupplying the Royal Palace with Water, as Occalion ihall require. As there is nothing more Material to be view’d in this Quadrangle, we Ihall now con- duct our Readers into the Park, which lies, contiguous, and is kept aa finooth as a Carpet : At the Entrance whereof is erefted a large Seat, with a high Back and Cover for the Head, which turns io eafily, the whole being fix'd on an Iron or Brafs Pin for that Pur- pole, that whoever fits in it, may turn it irom the-iWind, or the Sun, in Cafe either fhould prove incommodious, and may enjoy, even in a Storm, a perfeft Calm. The Inven- tion of this agreeable Machine is afcrib’d to Queen Elizabeth , wdio, tho’ fhe took great Delight in being out in the Air, and even in Of W1NDSO R. ipp the Rain, if not too violent, yet could not en- dure (as we have before oblerv’d) ro be ruf- fled by the Wind. To conclude, all the Parks about Wind for are very agreeable and fpacicus. Even the Little Park (as it is generally call’d) is at leaft three Miles in Circumference : The great one Fourteen, and the Foreft above Thirty. The firffc is peculiar to the Court ; theothers are open and free for Riding, Hunting, or tak- ing the Air, according as the Gentlemen, or Ladies who relide in the Parts adjacent, are refpe&ively difpos’d. In a Word, the Lodges in thefe Parks, which have been beautified by their refpe£live Rangers, might, with Propriety enough, be call’d Palaces, were not their Glory eclips’d by the Palace itfelf, to which they belong. Having thus taken a general Survey of all the moll material Curiofities of this Royal Pa- lace ; at leaft, of tliofe, which are daily ex- pos’d to publick View, we imagine, a fuccindl Account of Eton College, ( as it is lb antient, and fo ftately a Building, and lies, as it were juft underneath it, ) will be thought no dis- agreeable An&ufement, nor look’d upon as a forc’d, or an unnatural Conclufion of this our prelent Undertaking. Iho’ 200 The ROYAL PALACE Tho’ Eton is not in the lame County as fVindfor , yet nothing parts them but a Wooden Bridge, that crofles the Thames ; and the firft Thing that ftrikes the Eye, is the College we Ipeak of, which is allow’d on all Hands to be the fineft School, or Seminary, for what is generally call’d Grammar Learning, that is to be met with, not only throughout the King- dom of Great-Britain, but poflibly through- out all Europe . This Building, (the great School-Room on- ly excepted) is very antient, and the Chappel is truly Gothic: Within thefe few If ears, however, the Whole has been repair’d and beautify’d, at a very large Expence, out of the College-Stock, and a noble Library for the Reception of a vaft Number of Books, has been added to it. There is a fine Statue likewife erefted in the great Court, in Commemoration of the Founder, by one Dr. Godolphin , who had been Dean of St. Paul's, and Provoft of this Col- lege. This College was founded by King Henry the VI th, who was a very munificent Prince, and a great Encourager of Learning in general, as is evident from his Founding King's - College in Cambridge, as well as This, to which thofe, Of WINDSOR. 202 who nr e brought up at Eton School, arc year- ly remov’d. There is an annual Revenue, or Income, of about five thouland Pounds, fettled upon this College, which maintains a Provoft, a Vice- Pro vofl, fix Fellows, {event y Scholars, feveral Chorifters, and other inferior Officers and Servants. There are two Schools here, the Upper and the Lower, and each of them is divided into three diftinfl: Gaffes. r There is oi& Mailer, and four AfufUnts, to each School, In the latter, the Children are admitted very Young, and arc there initiated into all School- Learning. Whenever a Scholar is taken into the former, he mufl be able to make Latin Vcrles, and have likewife fome Idea of the Greek Lan- guage. There are a great Number of Children, for the moft Part, of the belt Families in England , and of Perfons of the higheft Rank and Di- ftin£tion, who board with the Mailers, and refide within the College, befidcs the levcnty, who are upon the Foundation. The 2oi The ROYAL PALACE The Number of Scholars inftrufled here, are for the Generality, between four and five Hun- dred. The firft Tuesday in Auguft , is Annually fet a-part for elcfting of Scholars, in order for their Removal to the Univerfity. At this Time, the Provoft of King’s- College\ one fenior, and one junior Pofer , who are Fellows, together with the Provoft, the V ice-Provoll, and the Head Mafter of Eton College, call the Scholars of the upper Claft before them, and after a due Examination of them in the fcveral Branches of their Learn- ing, feledl Twelve, fuch as they judge bell qualified, and enter their Names into a Roll, according to their Standing. Notwithftanding fuch Inrollment, they are not diredlly remov’d from the School, but are oblig’d to wait till there are Vacancies fall in Ktng's-College $ and whenever any fuch hap- pen, they are gradually remov’d. A Scholar, thus ele&ed, is receiv’d on the Foundation of King* ^-College , at his firft Ar- rival there 5 where he purfues his Studies for three Tears fucceffivcly $ after which he is en- titl’d to a Fellowfhip, unlefs he forfeits his Right and Intereft therein, either by Marriage, Of WINDSOR 203 Ecclcfiaftical Preferment, ftfr. either of which is a fufficient Bar by the Statutes. The Provoft has a noble Houtc and Garden for his own private Ule, befides the free Ufe at Plealure of the College-Gardens, which ex- tend almoft to the Thames Side, are well plant- ed, and ftrike the Eye in a very agreeable Manner. FINIS. ' ^CihL