vX 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE- ANTIQ VITIES • OF 
 
 ATHENS 
 
 MEASVRED • AND • DELINEATED 
 BY • JAMES • STVART • F.R.S. AND • F.S.A. 
 AND • NICHOLAS • REVETT. 
 PAINTERS • AND • ARCHITECTS. 
 
 VOLVME • THE • THIRD. 
 
 LONDON 
 
 PRINTED • BY • JOHN • NICHOLS • MDCCXCIV. 
 
[ Mi ] 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 H AVING been requefted by Mrs. Stuart, on the death of Mr. Newton, to fuper- 
 intend the publication of the prefent work, it will not, perhaps, be improper to 
 give a ftiort account of the manner in which this volume has been put into its prefent 
 form* it being unfortunately deprived of the advantage of making its appearance under 
 the direction of its original author. 
 
 AVhen the materials were firft delivered to me, feveral chapters were fairly tranferibed; 
 to moft of them, however, additions have been made, and other chapters have been fince 
 entirely collected from loofe papers. Of the former defcription are chapters, the firft, 
 third, fourth, fifth, and ninth; and of the latter, are the fecond, fixth, feventh, eighth, 
 tenth, eleventh, and twelfth, together with the addition of feveral plates, and all the 
 maps. 
 
 As from this defcription the reader may apprehend that he has before him rather a 
 production of mine than an original work of Mr. Stuart’s, it is proper to mention, that 
 the firft ftep taken, and indeed the only one that could render Mr. Stuart’s materials 
 (confifting of numerous memorandum books and loofe papers) intelligible, was, to form 
 a general index to the whole ; and, with this afliftance, no difficulty was found in corm 
 pletely collecting Mr. Stuart’s opinions on each fubjeCt. I hope, therefore, it will ap¬ 
 pear, that I have {pared no pains to do juftice to the fubfcribers, and fupporters, of this 
 invaluable work-; as well as to the ability of its ingenious and accurate author. 
 
 The few obfervations of my own, which I have ventured to add, are, page 5, notes 
 {a) and (^); page 6, note ( a ); page 14 notes, ( a ) (^) ( c ) (d); page 15, defcription of 
 plate 1 ft and note ( b ); page 16, defcription of plate 2d, and note ( a ) ; page 22, notes 
 (e) and (f ); page 28, note ( a); page 36, note (a); page 41, note (a) (b ); page 42., 
 
 b notes 
 
[ iv ] 
 
 notes (a) (ft); page 43, defcription of the head and tail piece; page 47, note (a ); page 
 48, defcription of plate 2d and note (a); page 57, notes (a) (ft); page 58, note (c ); 
 page 64, note (a). The view of the Stadium, plate 3d of the 7 th chapter is the only 
 original drawing of mine. The other plates that have my name to them, are fuch as I 
 have drawn out from Mr. Stuart’s and Mr. Revett’s defigns in the various Iketch-books. 
 
 The map of Greece, in general, will be found much more accurate than any yet pub- 
 lifhed of that country; as it has Mr. Stuart’s furveys in Attica, and other parts which 
 he vifited. The Morea is alfo laid down from a manufcript map never before publilhed. 
 The map of Attica, though imperfea, is yet by much the moft accurate furvey that 
 has been made of this province; however, having nothing laid down but from authority, 
 it appears unfinilhed; as it was not thought proper to complete it farther than the au¬ 
 thorities warranted. The chart of the ports of Athens is entirely from Mr. Stuart’s 
 furvey; but, as he had left no fcale upon the drawing, one has been obtained in the fol¬ 
 lowing manner, by Mr. Arrowfmith. 
 
 From 
 
[ v ] 
 
 From the bridge at Cephifus the bearing is 85.30 EN to the center of the tenlple of 
 Minerva in the Acropolis, and from Portus Phalerus the bearing is 69.45 EN to the center 
 of the temple of Minerva in the Acropolis. The bearing likewife from Portus Phalerus to 
 Hymettus is 8 r .00 EN.; and laftly, the bearing of the temple of Minerva to Hymettus is 
 56.30 ES; which gives, by interfe£lion, the fummit of Hymettus; the diftance between 
 the temple of Minerva and Hymettus being 31,000 feet, that is, within 680 feet of 
 6 Britifti ftatute-miles. Whence the diftance, between Portus Phalerus and the 
 bridge at Cephifus, was the inferred ftation, laid down by Mr. Stuart without a fcale. 
 The bearings were protra&ed upon a fcale as large again as that on the map. Mr. Re- 
 vett lays, that the ruins of the Middle or Maritime wall, (alfo called the third wall, 
 as uniting with the two long walls) might be clearly traced: it was ten feet thick, and 
 flanked with fquare towers, and joined to the long walls at the Ports Piraeus and Pha¬ 
 lerus (a). The map of Delos is done from a Iketch of Mr. Stuart’s, wherein the anti¬ 
 quities were drawn evidently with great accuracy; but the coaft was, to all appearance, 
 nothing more than a fketch of the forms by the eye. 
 
 In the firft chapter fome of the baflo relievos are fo much ruined as to be in- 
 ferted only to fhew the fubje&s they reprefented. It does not appear certain that 
 Mr. Stuart intended to have introduced the fecond chapter; he might perhaps have 
 fuppofed what he had faid on this temple in the chapter on the Parthenon 
 to have been fufficient; for, though part of this chapter was fairly copied 
 out under its prefent title, yet it was extremely fhort, and no reference made to 
 any plates. I, however, have determined to omit nothing, efpecially on the fubjeft 
 of a temple fo large and magnificent; and have therefore collected the whole of the 
 materials together. The plate of it given in the chapter on the Parthenon being 
 erroneous, it has been engraved over again from drawings made out from the origi¬ 
 nal Iketches, which appeared neceflary to corre£f the opinion before given on the length 
 of this temple. 
 
 The firft plate of this chapter is engraved from an original drawing in the pofleflion 
 of the Delettanti fociety, and moft obligingly lent by them for that purpofe. 
 
 I have, perhaps, faid more on the fubjedf of this temple than may appear neceflary, 
 on account of the difcuflions to which it leads, on the length and breadth of temples 
 in general, and of this temple in particular; as Mr. Stuart and Mr. Revett differed on 
 
 (a) See Meursii Athens Attics, Lib. III. cap. XI. 
 
 the 
 

 
 [ vi ] 
 
 the fubje£l: and if the reafonings in this chapter are juft, they prove that this is one 
 of feveral examples, wherein the lengths and breadths, of Greek temples, are not found 
 to agree with the rules formerly fuppofed to be general. Many inftances of this varia¬ 
 tion might be pointed out, but do not come within the limits of the fubje£l which it is 
 my office to confider. 
 
 There being no delign of the capital, or even of the column in this temple, I fhaft 
 venture to infert a defcription of them, having had occafion to examine them, in drawing 
 a view of this fuperb ruin. The columns diminifh from the bottom, by a beautiful 
 curved line, and are evidently lefs than ten diameters in height. The capital has the 
 appearance of being fhorter, than the ufual proportion (feventy minutes). The Abacus 
 is pointed at the angles, with a rofe of a circular outline in each face, much like the 
 fame parts in the Poikile. The general outline of the leaves of this capital is tapering 
 more than ufually upwards in a parabolick form ; the upper range is much taller than 
 the lower, and both lean forwards confiderably. The leaves of the upper range 
 are divided into feven general mafles; that is, three on each fide the ftalk, and the 
 center or top which proje£ls forward: thofe of the lower range are divided into five 
 only. The foliage bears a ftrong refemblance to that of a capital in the laft plate of 
 the Ionian antiquities. The fmall volutes are much like thofe in the Poikile; but do 
 not lie fo flat upon the bell. 
 
 The arch of Hadrian, though fo entirely adapted for a gate, has not been thought 
 fit for that purpofe by the modern Athenians, who, when they furrounded their city 
 by the wall lately ere£led, carried it acrofs the opening of this arch, and feem to have 
 had no other idea, than that of faving fo much wall, as the two piers ferve to contribute, 
 by joining their modern performance on to each flank of this antiquity. The ftrong 
 marks of the Roman chara£ler, in the monument of Philopappus, induce me to fuppofe 
 that it was ere£led by fome foreign artift, for neither its mouldings nor its fculpture are 
 like any other fpecimen at Athens; and the contrail will appear on comparing it with 
 the arch of Hadrian, which muft have been erefled foon after it, which, although 
 it poflefles many indications of the decline of good tafte, has, altogether, an Athenian 
 charafler. The Doric Portico or Agora is another inftance, that the Athenian man¬ 
 ner was not difficult to trace in the age of Auguftus; and, probably, the charac- 
 teriftic manner of the Greeks was not departed from but by flow degrees. In the 
 fame way the ftyle of the Romans may be very eafily traced; and the ornamental 
 parts of their early buildings have unequivocal features of the Grecian tafte. 
 
 The 
 
The fubje6I of the fixth chapter is evidently of a very high antiquity, and becomes 
 extremely curious by the coincidence of its chara£Ier, with the temples of Pefto or Pof- 
 fidonia, in the kingdom of Naples; which clearly indicates that the latter are the works 
 of Grecian archite&s. 
 
 In the Incantada at Salonicha, the pedeftals are of the fame chara&er as thofe in 
 the Poikile, and in an example in the Ionian antiquities. As we fee no inftance of 
 this in the monument of Philopappus, the arch of Hadrian, nor in any Roman work, 
 that I recoiled!, we are, I think, juftified in regarding this as an original pra&ice of the 
 Greeks, and we may thence conclude, that no building, wherein we fee this kind of pe- 
 deftal, can be of fo late a date as the reign of Hadrian: I Ihould indeed efteem them of 
 a much earlier age. This ruin appears to be rather of a later time than the Poikile, by 
 the comparifon of many parts in the detail of each. 
 
 In the eleventh chapter, the volute, drawn out at large by the rule therein defcribed, 
 does not correfpond to the figuring. This appeared to me not to be a fufficient reafon 
 for omitting either the figuring or the fcheme of drawing it out, as the former is probably 
 the corredl copy of the capital in queftion, and the latter is a practical method worthy 
 of communication. Mr. Stuart has left no memorandum on the fubjedl of this 
 dilagreement (a). 
 
 I fihall add a few remarks on the conftrudlion of the buildings of Athens, which 
 have not been mentioned in this work. The temple of Minerva is an example of 
 this important part of their architedlure. The columns are all conftrudled of fingle blocks 
 in diameter, and in courfes of more than a diameter in height: the wall, enclofing the 
 cell of the temple, is formed of a fingle courfe of marble blocks in thicknefs, fhewing 
 a face, infide and outfide, the verticle joints correfponding over each other, and in fe- 
 venteen horizontal courfes, reckoning from the bottom of the architrave to the top of 
 the upper ftep, riling to an height of thirty-three feet. The capitals confift each of one 
 fingle block a..9.9 high, and the architrave lies upon them, without any other pre¬ 
 caution being taken to relieve the weight from the proje&ing edges of the abacus, than 
 the moll; extreme accuracy in the two furfaces of the underface or foffit of the 
 architrave, and the tops of the abacufes, to render them perfedtly parallel, which is 
 poflibly the caufe why fome of the capitals have large pieces Iplit off (i >): the archi¬ 
 ng) Mr. Revctt lias fince favoured me with a remark upon it tures, for it appears more probably the effedt of the fhock whjah 
 which is among the additional obfervations. this temple mull have received when it was blown up by the Vene¬ 
 
 tians. The broken capitals are that of the South-Eafiern corner of 
 (b) I am by no means decided that this is the caufe of the frac- the temple, and five of thofe in the Weftern front. The upright 
 
 c traves 
 
[ viii ] 
 
 traves are compofed of three blocks from face to back, each extending from center to cen¬ 
 ter of the columns; and each block alfo the whole height of the frieze, and of equal 
 thicknefs. The frieze is in two courfes in height, and each courfe wants fo much of 
 being the whole thicknefs of the frieze, as allows the metope, with the fculpture, which 
 is cut on a thin flab, to lie againft it. The triglyph tails in, in one height, but does 
 not go through (a). The cornice is in blocks, which are the width of one mutule and 
 one fpace; their ends forming a complete courfe on the infide. The tympanum of the 
 pediment is compofed of one courfe of upright flabs, in the outfide face, with horizon¬ 
 tal courfes behind them. The pavement, of which great part remains, is in fquares of 
 equal fize, large and thick (b) ; the joints, as is the univerfal pradHce at Athens, are 
 cut with the moft mathematical precifion, and are extremely difficult to difcover in thofe 
 parts which have taken a dark tint. The Turks have, from time to time, removed 
 forne of the blocks of this temple, for the purpofe of burning them into lime, but the 
 ruins on the ground, till very lately, would have nearly reftored it, to its original form, 
 with the trouble only of replacing them. 
 
 According to Monfieur Le Roi, there is a block in the Propylea, which he meafured, 
 and found above twenty-two Paris feet long, which he calls the lintel of the great 
 Eaftern door. This mu ft be a miftake ; for, the lintel certainly does not exceed in length 
 the meafure of the central intercolumniation, which is feventeen feet, nine inches, Eng- 
 lifh, reckoning from center to center of the columns, as I obferved it to extend beyond 
 the opening, no more than is neceflary for its fupport. Perhaps, therefore, Monf. Le 
 Roi means one of the marble beams, fupported by the Ionic columns in the great hall, 
 which extended from the columns towards each flank wall, as thefe may have meafured 
 nearly what he defcribes to be the dimenfions of the lintel (c). 
 
 The temple of Thefeus appears to have received fome confiderable fhock ; the corners 
 of the blocks in the entablature being in general broken, as if it had been fhaken ; 
 
 joints of the architrave in this front have their edges Ihivered off, without taking off the cornice, and confequently both pediments 
 which is a very ftrong indication of this part of the temple having I am farther confirmed in this opinion by that of the late Hon. Capt. 
 been violently fhaken. Seymour Finch, who obferved that the metopes had to him the ap¬ 
 
 pearance of having been flid into a focket or groove. 
 
 (a) I obferved, that a triglyph lying among the ruins was fo 
 
 formed, that the back of the block was confiderably narrower where ( b ) I did not meafure the fize, but believe they were between 
 it went into the frieze than the breadth of the triglyph, fo that each three and four feet on each fide; and, I guefs, about eighteen inches 
 extremity of the triglyph projected on to the face of the flab of thick; this, however, is given from recolledlion only, 
 the metope feveral inches, thus forming a rebate which inclofed 
 
 the metope. This circumftance proves that the metopes cannot (c) Had any of thei'e been found by Meff. Stuart and Revett, 
 have been changed fince the original conftruftion of the temple, they would have delineated them. 
 
 and 
 
C >* ] 
 
 and fome of the columns on the South fide have their courfes diflocated, though fid 
 part is beat off or thrown down. 
 
 When travellers have defcribed the ftone in the Propylea to be the largeft now at 
 Athens, they feem to have overlooked entirely, the temple of Jupiter Olympius, for 
 the architraves of this temple are formed of two blocks only in thicknefs, and one in 
 height, fo that the angular block muft meafure nearly twenty-one feet fix inches long* 
 about three feet thick, and not lefs than fix feet fix inches high, as I guefs by its ap¬ 
 pearing to me to be at leaft one diameter of the column in height. It muft, therefore* 
 in its cubical dimenfions, exceed any ftone in the Propylea; the fhafts of the columns 
 appeared to me to have courfes of more than two diameters in height. 
 
 - The perfeft ftate in which thole monuments remain, which have not. been deftroyed 
 by violence, is one proof of the judgement with which they were conftru&ed. The 
 temple of Minerva would have been entire, except its timber roof («), at this day, if a 
 bomb had not been thrown into it by the Venetians, when it was ufed as the powdet 
 magazine of the Turks. 
 
 ! <.A » 
 
 The Propylea, applied to the fame purpofe, was ft ruck by lightning and blown up* 
 The fmall temple of Thefeus is almoft as entire as when it was firft ere&ed. Even fo fmall 
 a temple as the Choragic monument of Lyficrates is now entire, a circumftance arifing 
 chiefly from the great judgement Ihewn in its conftru&ion, by ere&ing it with large 
 blocks, and confolidating the whole with a roof wifely made of one Angle piece of 
 marble. 
 
 The core of rubble work now remaining in parts of the Stadium is almoft impenetrable 
 to a tool. The Athenians likewife Ihewed great judgement in their manner of co¬ 
 vering the porticos.round their temples with marble, as may be feen in the temples of 
 Thefeus and in the Parthenon. The flat cieling of the Propylea was alfo of marble* 
 
 (a) The foffits of Ihe porticos were of marble, as were probably iticived which had previoufly covered the eaftern end of the cell of 
 thofe of the internal Hypetral galleries, and as the temples of the temple of Minerva. By which means he difcovered that the 
 Pefto fhew the vacancies or beds in which the ends of the beams of galleries coritinued on and finifhed againd the eaflern end, in dead of 
 timber were laid, which formed their roofs, it is mod likely that making a return as before fuppofed, and confequently drawn iri 
 the opidhodomus of the temple of Minerva 'was covered by means the plan of this temple, in the fecond volume. He found the circle 
 of timber; however, there is nothing in the ruins that authorifes or for the. two lad columns one on each fide traced on the pavement,- 
 contradidts this opinion. I fliall here alfo mention, that Mr. Revett, which was his authority for this Opinion, 
 on his fecond journey to Athens, found that the ruins had been re¬ 
 ft 
 
 though 
 
[ X ] 
 
 though no part of it now remains, and muft have been a very bold and mafterly per¬ 
 formance, when its long bearings are conlidered, and alfo that the principle of arching 
 was not employed in it. 
 
 I cannot conclude, without publicly acknowledging the liberality, with which fe¬ 
 deral gentlemen, of diftinguifhed knowledge in the fine arts, have contributed their af- 
 fiftance to this work, but am only permitted to name two among the number, Mr. 
 Revett, to whom I owe, as is feen in the courle of the work, numerous important 
 points of information (ct); and Dr. Chandler, who has kindly undertaken to give his 
 afliftance in the infcriptions; and thole which have not appeared in other parts will be 
 given in the concluding volume of this work. 
 
 Though I can add nothing to the high reputation of Grecian art, it feems incumbent 
 upon me, as having fuperintended the publication of the prelent work, not to pals, wholly 
 unnoticed, the obfervations which have been lately given to the world by Sir William 
 Chambers upon this fubjeft (b); obfervations which have fo little foundation in real facts, 
 or in juft tafte, as muft detraft greatly from his weight and confequence as an author, and 
 produce a general regret, among thofe belt acquainted with the fubje£fc, that a work of fuch 
 real merit Ihould labour under fo unfavourable a prejudice. What, indeed, but the moft 
 determined antipathy, could have led him to the extremity of attempting utterly to ex¬ 
 clude the archite&ural produ&ions of the Grecians from the ftudies of the artift (r) ? Thus 
 it is that men are ever prone to undervalue the advantages they do not poflefs ; and it is 
 with equal propriety that other artifts might reprefent travelling itfelf as wholly unneceflary, 
 and maintain, that prints (d) and defcriptions convey as complete a knowledge of the 
 moft celebrated buildings of antiquity as a£tual infpe&ion. Crude and incoherent attempts 
 at execution would then bring the art itfelf into contempt. 
 
 The reafonings of Sir William Chambers, if they can deferve the name, will be feen 
 by archite&s of real knowledge in their true light. It is only neceflary to caution ftudents 
 
 (a) Here I muft, in juftice to him, acknowledge a miftake com¬ 
 mitted in feveral of the architedtural plates in this work, by infert- 
 ing Mr. Stuart’s name as draughtfman, inftead of Mr. Revett’s, 
 who drew them. This fadt was not known to me till very lately. 
 
 (£) See his treatife on the Decorative part of civil architedlure, 
 third edition, 1791. 
 
 (c) “ Since, therefore, the Grecian ftrudtures are neither the moft 
 confiderable, moft varied, nor moft perfedt, it follows, that our 
 knowledge ought not to be colledted from themj but from fome 
 purer, more abundant fource; which, in whatever relates to the 
 ornamental part of the art, can be no other than the Roman an¬ 
 tiquity yet remaining, in Italy, France, or elfewherc.” Page 21. 
 
 ( d) See note (a) in the next page. 
 
 againft 
 
againft his opinions, and to recommend to them to conduct their enquiries by the eWfih 
 lent plan of education he delineates (a), inftead of adopting his crude and injudicious 
 decifions upon this queftion. 
 
 The talk of replying to the arguments and infmuations of this author would no doubt 
 have been performed by Mr. Stuart, had they been publifhed in his life-time, as Sir 
 William feems to have firft intended {i). But they were kept back from the public till 
 the death of that indefatigable and valuable traveller. I feel it therefore incumbent upon 
 me to defend him againft (his pofthumous attack. 
 
 Sir William has committed a miftake, in his ftriaures upon Grecian art, which is 
 frequently to be found among thofe who engage in the fupport of a falfe hypothefis. He 
 undertakes to affign reafons for the inferiority of the Greeks in this refpeft, inftead of 
 proving, which it was his bufinefs to have done, that that inferiority had any exiftence 
 but in his own imagination. He tells us, that “ Greece, a country fmall in it&Jf, was 
 “ divided into a number of little ftates, none of them very powerful, populous, or rich; 
 “ fo that they could attempt no very confiderable works in architefture; having neither 
 “ fpace, the hands, nor the treafures, that would have been neceflary (c).” This 
 may be very ingenious, but unfortunately the faft exprefsly oontradias Sir William 
 Chambers’ conclufion. To Ihew this, it would only be neceflary to ftate the dimenfions 
 of fome of their moft celebrated produHions in building. But thefe may readily be found 
 in writers both ancient and modern, and are therefore unneceflary to be enumerated here. 
 Sir William has taken his notions on Grecian architecture from “ books and prints " 
 only, exprefsly contrary to his own advice to ftudents((/); and has been guided by the 
 imperfect Ipecimens of Le Roi (c); who, though an ingenious author, is well known to 
 have vifited Greece in the moft rapid and curfory manner, and has therefore fallen, as 
 might be expefted, into the moft glaring errors. A flagrant inftance of Sir William’s 
 inaccuracy occurs, where he fpeaks of the Lantern of Demofthenes, and the Parthe¬ 
 non^); which, by mentioning together, he treats as if they were fimilar, and refpec- 
 
 (a) “ It feems almoft fuperfluous to obferve, that an architect 
 “ cannot afpire to fuperiority in his profeffion, without having tra- 
 ** veiled j for, it mull be obvious, that an art founded upon reafon- 
 “ ing and much obfervation is not to be learnt without it ; books 
 “cannot avail; deferiptions, even drawings or prints, are but 
 “ weak fubftitutes for realities,” &c. &c. Page 14. 
 
 (c) Page 19. 
 
 (d) See note (a). 
 
 (e) The firfi volume only of the prefent work being then pub¬ 
 
 lished. 
 
 if) “ Indeed, none of the few things now exifiing in Greece, 
 
 “ though fo pompoufly deferibed, and neatly reprefented in vari- 
 (b) “ And thefe obfcrvations (on Grecian architecture), intended “ ous publications of our lime, feem to deferve great notice; either 
 “ for the fecond edition of this work, were then. fupprdTed.” Page 26. “ for dimenfion, grandeur of ilyle, rich fancy, or elegant tafte of 
 
 d ting 
 
ting which he affirms, m direCk contradiction to the faCt, that the Parthenon is not lo 
 conliderable as the church of Saint Martin in the fields. The comparative dimenfions 
 of each are as follows : 
 
 St. Martin’s. Parthenon. Excefs in favor of the Parthenon. 
 
 Length, ] 
 
 [61. 
 
 ■ 9 
 
 227.. 
 
 ■7 
 
 65- 
 
 10 
 
 Breadth, 
 
 80. 
 
 • 9 
 
 IOI .. 
 
 . 1 
 
 20.. 
 
 4 
 
 Height of columns, 
 
 33- 
 
 • 4 
 
 34 - 
 
 .2.8 
 
 O.. 
 
 10. 
 
 Diameter of ditto, 
 
 3- 
 
 • 4 
 
 6.. 
 
 ,1.8 
 
 2 .. 
 
 9 - 
 
 Number of ditto, 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 58 
 
 
 Height of the entabla¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ture fuppofed two- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ninths of the co¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 lumn, 
 
 7- 
 
 ■ 4 
 
 11.. 
 
 , 2.8 
 
 about 3.. 
 
 10 
 
 Height of the whole 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 order, 
 
 40.. 
 
 , 8 
 
 45 - 
 
 S -<5 
 
 5 " 
 
 9. 
 
 Breadth of portico, 
 
 66 .. 
 
 .10 
 
 IOI .. 
 
 1.0 
 
 34 - 
 
 3 
 
 The meafures of both are taken on the upper Hep. Artifts who ever faw an antique 
 temple, or ever read Vitruvius, know, that Saint Martin’s church, though one of the 
 bell in London, is no more than a very inferior imitation of the Greek Proftyle temple, 
 and will not enter into the flighted: degree of comparifon with the chafte grandeur, the 
 dignified fimplicity, and fublime effeCt of the Parthenon. Sir William feems to infi- 
 nuate in his opinion upon the fubjeCf:, that the Parthenon would gain confiderably with 
 relpeCt to beauty by the addition of a fteeple. A judicious obferver of the fine arts 
 would fcarcely be more furprized were he to propofe to effeft this improvement by 
 adding to it a Chinefe pagoda. Very different were the fentiments of Inigo Jones on this 
 fubjeCt, as we may colled: from the church of St. Paul Covent Garden, one of the 
 fineft productions of the age, and which exhibits the grand and impreffive effeCt of an 
 ancient temple. With a judgement, polfefled by few, but admired by all, he thought 
 proper to place the turret, which circumftances obliged him to add, at the fartheft ex- 
 
 « defign j nor do they feem calculated to throw new light upon the " the church of St. Martin, in St. Martin’s lane, exclufive of its 
 « art, or to contribute towards its advancement; not even thofe “ elegant fpire, had, for its architects, Phidias, Callicrates, and Ic- 
 “ erected by Pericles or Alexander; while the Grecian arts flou- “ tinus, was the boaft of Athens, and excited the envy and mur- 
 “ rithed mofi; neither the famous Lantern of Demofthenes, nor the “ murs of all Greece.” Page 1 9 . 
 
 “ more famous Parthenon ; which, though not fo confiderable as 
 
 tremity 
 
[ xili ] 
 
 tremity from the admirable front, and keep it as low as pcffible(a), aware that it could 
 only deftroy the unity of one of the moll perfeft forms with which we are acquainted. 
 
 Sir William, though extremely polidve in his decilions upon Grecian architecture, 
 which he had never an opportunity to examine, but in books and prints, is equally 
 fparing of fpecific objection and argument. It is no eafy matter to refute a difquifition 
 which confifts entirely in aflertion. In one paflage, however, he alludes as it were Lie!, 
 dentally, as deformities obfervable in Grecian buildings, to what he calls “their gouty 
 “ columns, their narrow intercolumniations, their difproportionate architraves, their hyper 
 “ Aral temples, which they knew not how to cover; and their temples with a range 
 “ °f columns running in the center(A), to fupport the roof; contrary to every rule, 
 “ either of beauty or convenience(r)." It may be worth while to conlider a little dif- 
 tinCUy thefe different infinuations. 
 
 There is a mafeuline boldnefs and dignity in the Grecian Doric, the grandeur of 
 whofe effeCl, as Sir William juftly obferves of the Roman antiquities, can fcarcely be 
 underftood by thofe who have never feen it in execution; and which, if underftood 
 would certainly fupercede a whole magazine of fuch objections as the above. The column 
 has no bafe, becaufe its great breadth at the bottom of the fhaft is fufficient to overcome 
 the idea of its finking into its fupporting bed. The general bafement is compofed of three 
 fteps; not proportioned to the human ftep, but to the diameter of the columns it fup- 
 ports, and forms one Angle feature extending through die whole length of the temple, 
 and of ftrength and confequence fufficient to give {lability and breadth to the mafs above it. 
 The columns rife with confiderable diminution in the moll graceful, fweeping lines, and, 
 from the top of the fhaft, projects a capital of a ftyle at once bold, maffive, and fimple. 
 
 (а) This defeription alludes to the turret originally erefted, but 
 now taken away, and another raifed confiderably higher in its 
 place, 
 
 (б) Of this I believe there is but one inftance in all the antiquities 
 now remaining, which is a temple at Pefto. This edifice, by the pro¬ 
 portions of its order, appears to be of the higheft antiquity. It has 
 nine columns in front and eighteen in flank, including thofe of the 
 angles in both numbers. It can be no proof of general ignorance in 
 the Greeks, that one temple of this kind has been built in one of 
 their difiant colonies; for, as the time of its ereftioa is unknown. 
 
 it can only imply that there was once a time when either the Greek 
 colonifts were fo ignorant of trufling a roof, of 3? feet, € fpati (a), 
 as to be unable to fupport it without an additional row of columns 
 or that the timber then in ufe would not afford length fufficient to 
 effedt it: two circumftanees very different, and both equally poffible. 
 As we have no accounts in any authors of this fpecies of temple, this 
 molt likely is the only one ever built, though Sir William finds it 
 convenient to reprefent this as' one only of a number of the lame 
 defeription. 
 
 (c) See page 2S. 
 
 (a) That i; the meafure of the part which required this additional afliftance. 
 
 The 
 
The entablature is ponderous, and its decorations few in number, and of a ftrong 
 character. 
 
 The awful dignity and grandeur in this kind of temple, arifing from the perfect 
 agreement of its various parts, ftrikes the beholder with a fenfation, which he may look 
 for in vain in buildings of any other defcription. A flight change in the order, or even 
 in the proportions of a building, will always be found to introduce a very different cha¬ 
 racter, even though the general form fhould be preferved. In the fpecies of temple we 
 are here confidering, the caufes of the fublime may eafily be perceived. The fimplicity 
 ofthebafement, the fweeping lines of the flutings, the different proportions and yet con- 
 trafted figure of the outline of the column, and that of the intercolumniation, and the 
 grand ftraiglit lines of the entablature crofling in their directions the graceful ones of the 
 flutings, together with the gently-inclined pediment, all contribute to this ftriking effect. 
 The column and intercolumniation approach each other more nearly in apparent fuperficial 
 quantity, while they contrail more decidedly in form than in any other order. There is 
 a certain appearance of eternal duration in this Ipecies of edifice, that gives a folemn and 
 maieftic feeling, while' every part is perceived to contribute its lhare to this character of 
 durability. From this rapid fketch it will readily be feen, that no other intercolumnia¬ 
 tion than that of the monotriglyph can fucceed in this dignified order. The Propylaea, 
 indeed, as well as the temple of Auguftus or Agora, has one interval of the (pace of two 
 tryglyphs; but it is eafy to perceive that this deviation from the general principle was 
 merely an accommodation to circumlfances; both of thefe buildings requiring a wide 
 paflage in the middle of the front. Accordingly, thefe two are the only inftances of 
 this deviation to be found in Athens. The fmall temples, which on each fide form the 
 wings of the Propylaea, polfibly contributed to render the centre part more folid, by the 
 appearance of a lateral fupport, and were perhaps added for that purpole: while in 
 every other refpect they muff have increalcd the general dignity of the whole, and, by 
 the fmaller dimenfions of their parts of the fame order, have added to the confequence 
 of the central range of columns. The magnificence of this entrance to the Acropolis 
 muff have been extreme when in its original perfection. 
 
 Thefe confiderations will convince us that no material change can be made in the 
 proportions of the genuine Grecian Doric, without deftroying its particular character. 
 Let us fuppofe, for inftance, that, along with the fteps, or fome other means of forming 
 a general bafement, there had been bafes to each column, as in the Dorics which 
 have been called Roman. This muff have produced in the firft place a much more 
 
 confuted 
 
[ xv ] 
 
 eonfufed aflemblage of parts: it would alfo have been neceflary to change the interco- 
 lumniation from monotriglyph to ditriglyph, which would deftroy the proportions of the 
 whole mafs, increafe its entire extent of one half, and change its appearance of ftrength 
 into extreme weakness. 
 
 Sir William obferves, that the ditriglyph is the only interval that fucceeds in the Doric 
 order, which, though utterly falfe if applied to the Grecian Doric, is fufficiently true if 
 he means to fpeak of the Doric as exhibited in his own Treatife. It maybe obferved by 
 the way, that the defign he has given is nearly copied from Vignola. Now what is this 
 but acknowledging, that Rome could not produce one fpecimen of this order which he 
 found good enough to be inferted in his work. 
 
 The Grecian Doric is by many indifcriminately cenfured for clumfinefs. But thofe 
 Who are fo ready to Condemn it Ihould firft recoiled!, that it was applied Only where the 
 greateft dignity and ftrength were required. It happens in this, as well as in every other 
 part of ornamental architecture, that the judicious application makes all the difference 
 between the cenfure or praife it deferves. To omit the bales of (lender Dorics, as is 
 done in the theatre of Marcellus at Rome, feems to be as erroneous a practice as to add 
 them to the mafly ones. Let thofe who prefer the later Doric indifcriminately, and entirely 
 rejeft the Grecian, try whether they can, with their flender order, produce the chafte 
 and folid grandeur of the Parthenon, Or the ftill more mafculine character of the great 
 temple of Pefto. They will no doubt produce, with their fmaller proportions, pleafing 
 effects, but of a character lighter and lefs impreffive than in the structures above-mentioned. 
 
 The two examples of the Doric order now exifting at Rome are fo void of genuine cha- 
 rafter, that the modern writers have endeavoured to compofe a Doric of their own; 
 and it is certainly better than the models upon which it is formed. That order in the 
 theatre of Marcellus, fuppofing a bafe to have been added to the column, is eight dia¬ 
 meters and one third in height. Can any thing be more contrary to the apparent rules 
 of folidity than, in a building of at leaft three orders in height, to ufe for the lowed 
 of thefe a (lender Doric without a bafe? The Doric order of the Colifeum is even more 
 void of charafler and ftrength, not only being deprived, as in the former inftances of 
 its mutules, but alfo of its triglyphs and metopes; add to which the extravagance of 
 its proportions, the height of the column being equal to nine diameters and a half. 
 The Ionic and Corinthian orders over it are also confiderably fhorter in their propor¬ 
 tions than their fupporting Doric; another flagrant deviation from the principles of a 
 found and diferiminating tafte. Yet fuch are the only ancient fpecimens of this order 
 which Sir William will allow ftudents to examine and confider. 
 
 The 
 
t xv! ] 
 
 The few fpecimens of the Ionic order now remaining at Rome are of fo little merit, that 
 Palladio, Vignola, and other modern authors, have been chiefly reforted to as ftandards in 
 this order as well as the Doric, till the difcovery of the antiquities of Greece by Meflieurs 
 Stuart and Revet, brought into notice the admirable fpecimens of Ionic architecture, which 
 have ever flnce met with fo much attention from the beft informed architects as well as 
 connoifleurs. The only work recommended by Sir William as a proper guide in the 
 comparifon of Greek and Roman architecture is Piranefi’s Magnificenza d’ Romani (a), 
 a book, which, notwithftanding its great merit, particularly in the engravings, is to be 
 efteemed in any other light rather than as a juft delineation of Grecian architecture, of 
 which, in the firft place, the author has chofen to put all he thinks proper to exhibit into 
 a Angle plate, and, in the next, has taken his information from the incompetent fpecimens 
 of Le Rbi. Yet, after the beautiful Ionic capital of the temple of Erectheus, as well as that 
 found at Eleufls, have been thus fcandalouAy treated, they even there fhine with a decided 
 fuperiority over all the Roman Ionics, as he miftakenly calls them, they being very clearly 
 the defendants from the Grecian. Rome had once no doubt better fpecimens, but they are 
 unfortunately loft, which is the ftrongeft reafon for ftudying the incomparable remains 
 which Greece ftill affords of that order. Sir William’s complaint of the difproportionate 
 architraves in the Grecian architecture is ridiculous. No other would fuit the character 
 of the Done order to which they belong, and, though a flender wooden beam might 
 be ufed in theTufcan temples as deferibed by Vitruvius, nothing could be more abfurd 
 than to imitate this inferior mode of conftruCtion in erecting temples with marble. 
 
 The charge of leaving open the antient Hypetral temples from ignorance how to 
 cover them is fo extraordinary as fcarcely to deferve an anfwer. To cover the Hypetral 
 opening could be no greater difficulty than to cover the Opifthodomus, which Was 
 always roofed^ It would have been juft as reafonable to fuppofe that the Romans left 
 the circular opening in the dome of the Pantheon from Amilar ignorance. 
 
 I have thus attempted to fhew, that among the antiquities of Rome, fo much boafted 
 of by Sir William, to the total exclufion of thofe of Greece, and which he ridiculouAy calls 
 the only fource(^) of ornamental architecture (in direCt oppofition to the opinion of Vitru¬ 
 vius), there are no fine fpecimens of either the Doric or Ionic order. Vitruvius exprefsly 
 attributes almoft every architectural invention to the Greeks (r), and if authorities were 
 neceflary to be quoted, in a cafe where they are fo numerous, that of Vitruvius would 
 
 00 “ The Iaft of Ihofe. here mentioned'’ (Piranefi) “ has pub- 
 “ liflied a parallel between the faireft monuments of Greece and 
 “ Rome; which -is recommended to the infpec c tion and perufal of 
 “ thofe who have not yet feen it." Page ig. 
 
 (£•) See note (c) in p. x. 
 
 (C) “ Vitruvius, the only remaining ancient writer on the decora- 
 “ t* ve P art °f architecture, aferibes almoft every invention in that 
 “ art to the Grceksj as if till the time of Dorus it had remained in 
 “ its infant ftate; and nothing had till then appeared worth notice. 
 “ And moft if not all the modern authors have echoed the fame 
 “ dodtrine." Page 1 7. 
 
 be 
 
[ xvii ] 
 
 be entitled to particular refpeft, as; in this conceffion he can by no means be fuppofed to 
 have ftudied the gratification of a Roman Emperor, to whom his works are dedicated. 
 
 The Corinthian order may be feen in great perfection in what remains to us of the 
 antiquities both of Greece and Rome. 
 
 The compofite is peculiar to Italy, and thofe who admire this order will be much gra¬ 
 tified among the remains of art in that country. Perhaps it will be found to have no 
 great claim to the partiality of the genuine connoifleur. 
 
 Of theTufcan order there is no antient fpecimen, unlefs a fmall tomb, near the Trajan 
 column at Rome is to be fo confidered. But it by no means anfwers to the defcriptions 
 that have been handed down to us of that order. 
 
 Nothing is more worthy to be remarked than the very contemptuous manner in which 
 Sir William treats all the admirers of Grecian art, including among the reft the Dilettanti 
 lociety; a iociety that can certainly boaft of containing in its body all that is molt pro¬ 
 found and penetrating in art in this country, and to which the public is indebted, in 
 their publication of the Ionian Antiquities, for a few, indeed, but precious additions to the 
 ftock of genuine Grecian architetture. They are all cenfured without diftinaion in our 
 author’s obliging caution to ftragglers (a). This decifive mode of expreffion might be 
 deemed deferving of fevere reprehenfion ; but the popularity into which Grecian princi¬ 
 ples are daily growing, in fpite of the feeble attempts that have been made to decry 
 them, is- the beft anfwer to fuch undiftinguilhing aflailants. Sir William, not contented 
 with the enterprifing attack he has made upon Grecian architefture in general, has thought 
 proper to extend his hoftilities ftill farther, and to reprefent the antients univerfally as 
 novices in the “conftruftive part of architecture ( 4 ).” When he publilhed the Treatife 
 in queftion, he promifed a fecond part upon the fubjeCt of conftruCtion. If this had ever 
 appeared, we Ihould have then known better, perhaps, how to compare the principles of 
 the Surveyor-General of his Majesty’s works with thofe that have flood the teft of ages. 
 
 To anfwer fully this unlimited cenfure it would be neceflary to enumerate the variety 
 of buildings of the antients, many of which are only known to us by the admiration 
 they excited in the writers whole works are handed down to us, and every one of which 
 would contribute to refcue thefe celebrated mailers from the difgraceful accufation that 
 is advanced againft them. Sir William Chambers, as has already been feen, had no op¬ 
 portunity of being acquainted with the conftru&ion of the Greeks; his cenfure, therefore, 
 
 (a) “ But latterly, the Gufto Greco, has again ventured to peep 
 “ forth, and once more threaten an invafion. What, therefore, was 
 « omitted in the fecond edition, it has been judged neceflary to in- 
 <C f ert in this, as a caution to ftragglers." Page 2 6. 
 
 ( b ) “ In the conftrudtive part of architecture the antients do not 
 “ fcem to have been great proficients. I am inclined to believe, 
 « that many of the deformities obfervable in the Grecian buildings 
 “ mull be afcribed to their deficiency in that particular." Page 23. 
 
 mull 
 
muft principally be confidered as applying to the pradfice of the Romans; and, indeed, 
 nothing can be more wonderful than that a man, who had feen the noble remains of Rome, 
 could advance a charge fo little fupported by fact and reality. It is perhaps necefl'ary 
 here to proteft againft a mifconftrudfion to which the above ftriftures may be liable. 
 
 No one ever denied, that Rome, in her fplendour, expended greater fums in erecting 
 public buildings than the Greeks at any period; nor can any one regret, more fmcerely than 
 I do, the ruined and imperfect ftate in which their remains have come down to us. But I 
 regret equally the fame cataftrophe that has happened to the Greeks. What I have 
 had principally in view is to deprecate the exclufion of any of the means of fcience from 
 the attention of the lludent. Various knowledge is the true fource of excellence, and 
 he that is imprefled with a genuine ambition ought to embrace every opportunity that 
 can poflibly be held out to him. I am far from conceiving any apology to be neceflary, 
 or from attempting any thing of the kind in behalf of Grecian architedfure. Nothing 
 can plead fo fuccefsfully on the part of that wonderful people, as their own intrinfic merit, 
 and their productions need only to be feen in order to their being admired. At the lame 
 time I am happy to fee fo large a collection of the productions of Greece as are contained 
 in the prefent work, and I flatter myfelf that very little injury will be done to this 
 interefting queftion, either by the attack of Sir William upon the tafte of the Grecians, 
 or upon the conftrudtions of the ancients in general. Let us, by allowing all the merit 
 due to the exertions of both people (for, as the fcience of the one fprang out of the other, 
 it would be very ftrange if either Ihould deferve entire annihilation), extend the bounds of a 
 profeffion acknowledged to be “ too much circumfcribed by rules (a),” endeavour at leaft 
 to equal our predeceflors in imitation of the Romans, while we profit of our additional 
 advantages in an acquaintance with Greece; and, banilhing the diftindtions of ftyle, 
 manner and climate, throw open a grand field for the difplay of genius. 
 
 Willey Reveley. 
 
 September, 1794. 
 
 Description of the Vignette, in the Title-Page, by Mr. Revett. 
 
 The earthen difh that is reprefented at top, upon a bowl of the fame materials, with glals 
 vials, two earthen Penates, or houfehold gods, and a fepulchral infeription on marble, is again fhewn 
 below, with garlands of earthen vafes, lamps, &c. They were all found in the ancient fepulchres at 
 Megara. 
 
 (a) Sec the fecond edition of Sir William's Treatife. 
 
VeWice 
 
 
 
 Tdm»i 
 
 Ionian 
 
 J-EI‘ANTO' ai 
 f Coi 7 fl K> Gulf c 
 
 X Greece,'.'', 
 
 Archipelago 
 
 Sapienza” 
 
 AND 
 
 Part opAnadoli. 
 
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 London. 
 
 AgYjiMisll.A for Wnx! 1 Fadkw, 
 GeographertoihcK ing. — 
 
 January 4I 
 
 Forth, Ibmtry rmm,/ Athens.orAnc 
 the Ttaermojyks Volk. 
 
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 by the Venetians 
 
 
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 Ajpn?nm 
 
 
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 Scale. 
 
 English Statute Miles about Cg-V to a Degree.. 
 
 pC ARFATHO 
 
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 - S.John 
 
 •nphn’ed in TUrkg-rated at j Stadia, SC about By to allege 
 
 eh equal to 4. Greeian bliles 
 
On the Plan of Athens *. 
 
 OF the various evils which accompanied the decline of Roman greatnefs, and which continued to 
 diffufe their baleful influence long after its deftru&ion, no one appears to have been more feverely felt 
 than the univerfal torpor, which at this period poflefled the minds of men; infomuch that, for fome 
 centuries, the exertions of virtue and genius feemed to have ceafed. Upon the diflolution and ruin of 
 this mighty empire, the imperial city was more than once a prey to Barbarians: the ftately monuments 
 of public magnificence, or private luxury, were now demoliflied ; thofe beautiful forms and proportions 
 which had excited the admiration of ages, became mutilated and defaced; the arts themfelves, from 
 which the moft marvellous effe&s had arifen, were for a time extinguifhed. It was long before the 
 nobler faculties of the mind were re-animated, and began to aflume their proper force and diredtion, but 
 as knowledge advanced, and emulation was excited, the enthufiafm fpread over Europe, and with no 
 fmall degree of fervour ftrove to retrieve the hiftory of thofe atchievements, and to inveftigate the fyftem 
 of that policy, which, from beginnings by no means fplendid, had raifed fo ftupendous a fuperftrudture. 
 Rome became again the refort of the learned; the venerable ruiiis of the city forcibly attracted the 
 attention of the curious, who were eager to examine the remains of her ancient fplendour; to thefe 
 refearches, painting, fculpture, and architefture, the arts which had formerly contributed to adorn her, 
 
 * This chapter was left in an imperfeft ftate by Mr. Stuart. The firft I of the manufeript, and has diftated the arrangement of thofe fcattcred 
 and greater part of that which is here printed is given nearly in the words | materials which conftitute the remainder. 
 
 VOL. II. a 
 
 owe 
 
j j On the Plan of Athens . 
 
 owe their revival. The ancient topography of Rome was at this time with great diligence and accuracy 
 afcertained ; and many interefting points of ancient hiftory again were brought into view, and received a 
 fati.sfa&ory illuftration. 
 
 But Athens, that once celebrated feat of learning, whence the arts were derived, although long for- 
 faken, and laftly fubdued by the Barbarians, under whofe tyranny fhe ftill languifhes, has feldom been 
 vifited by perfons of erudition, leifure, and curiofity; and, at fuch times, thefe vifits have been cafual 
 and tranfitory. The Marquis de Nointel, who was there in 1674, was the firft traveller of any confe- 
 quence. Mr. Vernon, who arrived there in the year 1675, feems to have been the moil earneft and 
 diligent enquirer during his ihort refidence; as Sir George Wheler, who came thither with Dr. Spoil in 
 the year 1676, and remained there fome months, feems to have been the moft perfevering; yet, not- 
 withftanding the pains thefe gentlemen have employed to afcertain the ancient topography of Athens, I 
 am perfuaded they have been but too frequently miftaken ; their authority, however, is fo great, that the 
 errors they committed have generally milled fucceeding travellers. The far greater part of the buildings 
 which once adorned this celebrated place, are annihilated ; thofe few which remain are extremely muti- 
 lated. The tradition of the prefent inhabitants is for the moft part falfe. We may add, that the obfer- 
 vations of the ancients which have come down to us are dire&ed more to grammatical niceties, ortho¬ 
 graphy, or hiftorical narration, than to archite&ure, or topography. There are fome places and build¬ 
 ings, of the identity of which we cannot doubt; thefe we may ufe as data to afcertain thofe which unfor¬ 
 tunately no longer exift. One principal feature cannot be miftaken; I mean an infulated rock, the fite 
 of the Acropolis. This rock I fuppofe to be about 150 feet in height, and from 900 to 1000 in 
 length, upon its furface, which is nearly level; whilft its Tides are every where a precipice, the Weftern 
 extremity alone excepted, where with no fmall labour and diligence the entrance has been conftrudted. 
 
 On this eminence was built the original city, which grew to be fo populous (a) as not to afford fufficient 
 room for the numbers who reforted to it, fo that it became neceflary to ere£t, on the plain below, additional 
 dwellings for the inhabitants, and the frequent acceffion of new-comers. In a place deftitute of good 
 water, as thefe low grounds are, the defire of obtaining a ready and conftant fupply of that neceffary article 
 of life would moft probably have induced a number to fettle near the Iliffus, and the fountain Callirhoe; 
 whence indeed they feem to have procured it in the earlieft times (b). In this vicinity, Cecrops, the 
 founder of Athens, is faid to have built the Temple of Saturn and Ops (c); and, here alfo, we are told 
 by Paufanias, that Deucalion ereded the moft ancient Temple of Jupiter Olympius; near to which was 
 the Pythium and the Delphinium, both places of great antiquity ; whence we may fairly infer, that this 
 part eaftvvard of the Acropolis was among the firft feleded for the new habitations [d). To this advantage 
 of a permanent fpring, others might prefer a fituation at the weftern end ; which, in cafe of a fudden 
 alarm, would fecure to them a retreat to the Acropolis, as to a place of fecurity, and the refidence of 
 government; with which it would afford them an immediate communication. Thefe are motives that 
 probably induced them to ered their dwellings near the only entrance, although, by this fituation, they 
 were placed at a greater diftance from good water. Near this part likewife flood many ancient temples 
 and public buildings ( e ); which indicates its being, in early times, chofen as a defirable fituation on 
 which to fix their new habitations. Thus much may be faid for the general idea of the fituation of 
 
 (a) The moft powerful of thofe, who were driven from the other parts (d) Before the time of Thefeus, that part which is now the citadel, and 
 
 of Greece by war or fedition, betook thcmfclves to the Athenians for fecure that which lies on the fouth lide of the citadel, conftituted the whole of 
 refuge, and as they obtained the privileges of citizens have conftantly, from the city. The temples, built either within the citadel or without, fuf- 
 the remoteft time, continued to enlarge that city with frelh acceflions of ficiently Ihew it,' for, in the fouthern part of the city particularly, ftand the 
 inhabitants, inforauch, &c. Thucydides LI. Templf of the Olympian Jove, of the Pythian Apollo, of Terra, and of 
 
 (b) The Athenians affirm, that they (the Pelafgians) were juftly ejefled Bacchus in Limne, in honour of whom the old Bacchanalian feafts are 
 
 on account of the injuries they had done; for, the former fay that, while celebrated, icc. Near it alfo is the fountain, now called the Enneakrounos, 
 the Pelafgians continued to inhabit under mount Hymettus, they frequently or Nine Pipes, from the manner in which it was cmbelliffied by the 
 left their habitations, and, in contempt of the Athenians, offered violence to tyrants; but formerly, when all the fpiings were open, it was called 
 their fons and daughters, who were fent for water to the place called Nine Callirhoe, which, as being near at hand, they preferred on the moft folcmn 
 Fountains. Herodotus LII. occafions. Thucyd L. II. 
 
 (c) Philochorus Saturno et Opi primum in Attica ftatuiffe aram (r) The Areopagus—The Prytaneum—The Temple of Bacchus in 
 
 Cecropem dicit. Macrobius Sat. Lib. I. c. x. Limne. 
 
 Athens, 
 
On the Plan of Athens. iii 
 
 Athens, and of the manhet in which it appears to have been gradually augmented. To what extent it 
 was afterwards continued can be afcertained even at this time from the veftiges of the ancient city walls, 
 which may be traced, with little intermiffion, throughout their whole circuit; their meafures agree 
 minutely with the dimenfions affigned to them by Thucydides. The foundations of the ancient gates 
 may, for the moft part, be diftinguiffied; of thefe the Dypylon particularly claims our attention. 
 Arriving from the Piraeus, you pafs through the outer Ceramicus before you come to the foundations of 
 this gate, which ftill remain; paffing on, you enter the Ceramicus* within the city ; proceeding toward 
 the Acropolis, you fee feveral fragments of ruined walls, and a mofaic pavement, which appears to have 
 been elegantly defigned, and wrought with diligence. Although the walls which inclofed it are entirely 
 demoliffied, and expofed to every injury, perhaps it is the remains of the Pompeum ; but the whole is 
 in fo ruinous a ftate, that I did not attempt to make a drawing from it* Advancing farther on, towards 
 the inhabited part of the city, you pafs by feveral ffiapelefs fragments, and arrive at the Temple of 
 Thefeus, now the church of St. George: beyond this, you fee a very extenfive ruin, it remains on the 
 right hand, very much encumbered with modern dwellings. The plan and fituation prove it to be the 
 remains of the Gymnafium of Ptolemy. Farther on is a magnificent building, formerly the portico, 
 called Poikile, in which the ftoic fedt was inftituted. This, I have no doubt, has been repaired by Hadrian, 
 or, perhaps, Antoninus Pius, the ftoic. At a fmall diftance weftward is a ruin, called, by Wheler and 
 Spon, the Temple of Rome and Auguftus, which I havefuppofed to be the entrance to the Agora: it now 
 leads to the Bazar, or market-place, and the principal mofchea j near to this is the Tower^of the Winds, 
 and an ancient building, inhabited by a Turkiffi widow. 
 
 Proceeding on, through the inhabited part of the city, and ftill keeping to the north of the Acro¬ 
 polis, you pafs by the Panagia Vlaftice, or Vlaftorea, or the Blefled Lady of Germination, probably 
 built on the ruins of the Eleufinium ; farther on is a church and monaftery of nuns, called *Agta Kyra; 
 and the Choragic monument of Lyficrates, ufually called the Lantern of Demofthenes. You then come 
 in fight of the magnificent ruins of the Temple of Jupiter Olympius, and the gate of Hadrian, in the 
 way to which you pafs two ruins, perhaps the Pytheum and the Delphinium; immediately beyond the 
 Olympieum, is the Ilifliis, with the fpring Callirhoe, and the gate Diocharis. Thus have I endeavoured 
 to conduit the reader from the Dypylon, paffing on the northern fide of the Acropolis, quite through the 
 city, to the Iliflus and the Callirhoe. 
 
 1 have already fuggefted the probability, that fome of the firft additions to the original city were made 
 in the vicinity of the only entrance to it. The fituation of the Temple of Bacchus, in Limne, of that of 
 Aolaurus, the Anaceum, the Prytaneum, and of feveral other buildings in this part of great antiquity, 
 render fuch an opinion very plaufible ; and it is farther ftrengthened by the pofition of the Areopagus, 
 the antiquity of which appears from its having been the tribunal at which Oreftes was tried for the murder 
 of Clytemneftra, and Cephalus for the death of Procris: near this was the place wherein the Ihip was kept 
 which made fo fplendid a part of the Panathenaic proceffion. It appears to have fet out from the repofitory 
 on the Areopagus, and thence to have proceeded to the Ceramicus and Eleufinium, where having 
 been marched round, it advanced to the Pythium, and thence returned to this place, whence it was 
 carried up to the Temple of Minerva Polias, in the Acropolis (a). 
 
 (b) The ruins of a great number of ancient edifices, both near the entrance to the Acropolis,'and imme¬ 
 diately under its fouthern flope, confirm and illuftrate our hiftorical knowledge of this part of the 
 Topography of Athens. But, as each building has a feparate place in this work, it is ynnecefiary here to 
 deduce the feveral proofs of their identity, or to mention more than is fufficient to give the reader an idea 
 of their relative fituation. 
 
 (a) With the Athenians, the Peplus Is the fail of the Panathenaic ihip, (l>) This and the two next paragraphs arc fupplied by the Editors, 
 which every fourth year they prepare for Minerva, conducing it through 
 the Ceramicus to the Eleufinium. Suidas. 
 
* v On the Plan of Athens. 
 
 The firft ruin which occurs in advancing from the Olympieum towards the Acropolis, is the Odeum of 
 Pericles, the only traces of which are, a femicircular excavation in the dope of the Acropolis. Above 
 this is the C.horagic monument of Thraficles, now the chapel of our Lady of the Grotto. Beyond are the 
 remains of an ancient portico («), probably part of the Peribolus of the Temple of Bacchus; it is alfo 
 probable, that they are the remains of the Portico of Eumenes, (mentioned by Vitruvius,) not Eumenidum 
 (i) as fome writers call it. Farther on Weftward is the Theatre of Bacchus, which, with the preceding 
 building, forms a kind of outwork on the South fide of the Acropolis. 
 
 On the fummit of the rocky knoll, on the right, the monument of Philopappus forms a confpicuoua 
 objea ; here may be traced the fartheft extent of the ancient walls on the South-Weft. The little 
 hollow on the North of this hill is, probably, the fituation of the Pyraan Gate. A little farther to 
 the Weft of the Theatre of Bacchus are the remains of the Theatre of Regilla (c). The hollow which 
 divides this from the hill of the Areopagus is, probably, the fpot called Coele by Paufanias, or the 
 hollow way. The hill of the Areopagus is, properly, the weftern continuation of the Hope of the 
 Acropolis. r 
 
 flvXxi Qoixam (d) 
 HvXou I letgxt'xxi, 
 lnm$£(, 
 
 Hg'lXly 
 
 legixi, 
 
 Aiyeuc TVuXxi) 
 Lioytx^c TnvXcci, 
 
 TlCtel 
 A lopeixi, 
 
 TLvXxt ©(sxxixi 
 TLvXxi It avixi 
 Tlfaxi Xxxioti 
 AfytxvS vrvXxij 
 
 The Gates of Athens, enumerated by Potter, are; 
 
 Afterwards named AncvXov, Dypylon Porta. 
 Porta Pirai’ca $ 
 
 Porta Equeftris; 
 
 Porta Sepulchralis j 
 Porta Sacra} 
 
 Porta Aegei; 
 
 Porta Diocharis} 
 
 Porta Acharnica ; 
 
 Porta Dlomeica; 
 
 Porta Thracica; 
 
 Porta Itonica $ 
 
 Porta Scaica; 
 
 Porta Hadriani ( e ) ; 
 
 Of theft gates, the Pinean Gate is evident, being almoft in a right line between the Acropolis and the 
 Pyrreus, ‘ “ ^ ^ S “ le Pr °P^ ,eum ’ is ,he way from the fortrefs to the 
 
 (0 Or the Odeum of Herodcs Atticus. See Paufanias, on Achaia - 
 wliere, deferring the edifices at Patrafs, he fays, “ on one fide of the 
 “ an A P o| l° worth obierving, &c. this is 
 the nobleft and moil adorned of any Odeum in Greece, except that of 
 Athens, which excels it in fize, and in every other refpeft. It has been 
 built in my time by Herodcs, the Athenian. In my treatife of Attica, I 
 have omitted to deferibe it, becaufe I had finilhed writing before the 
 ui mg was completed.” Dr. Chandler afligns ftrong reafons for regard¬ 
 ing this as the Pnyx. Editor’s note. B 
 
 (<0 Livy, L. 31. c. 24. fays of this gate : “ Porta ea velut in ore urbis 
 pofita, major at,quanto, patentiorque, quam cietera; et intra earn, extraque 
 
 (r) Lycurgus, in his oration againft Leocrates, mentions a fmall gate on 
 the lide of the IlilTus, without afligning its name. 
 
Ot: the Vlan of Athens . 
 
 v 
 
 The Dypylon is to the north weft, and is the fame as the Thriafian (a). The Equeftrian I ftiould 
 fulpeQ: to be to the fouth-eaft under the mufeum. The Itonian the next eaftward. 
 
 Diocbaris, ftill more eaftward; the ruins of which are feen near Callirhoe. After this I ftiould place 
 the Diom6ian towards Cynofarges, and the Acharnian (the ruins of which are vifible) on the north of 
 the city. The iEgean was perhaps not a gate of the city; “ the Mercury of Aigeus’s gate (which 
 is the expreflion of Plutarch) rather implying the Hermes before the door of his palace.” The Terai is, 
 perhaps, the fame as Hgiai. Of the remainder I ftiould obferve, that the arch of Hadrian did not lead to 
 the town, and that the Scaian being only mentioned in a Monkilh legend ( b ), we may reafonably doubt 
 whether it ever exifted. The feems only an erroneous reading for Q/siowm. And the H giut may 
 
 pofllbly be only a poetical epithet given to one of the other gates above mentioned, and which, from thq 
 great number of fepulchres in that part, I ftiould fufpedt to be the Hypades. 
 
 On the lliflus was the country called Agra, and the temple dedicated to Diana, Agrasa, or Agrotera, 
 the village called Ardettos, the Lyceum, the Stadium Panathenaicum, the fountain Callirhoe, the gate 
 Diocharis, the temple of Ceres in Agra (c), the temple of the mufes Iliffiades, and of Boreas. 
 
 On the fouthern bank of the lliflus, at prefent are the following ancient edifices and ruins; Magrati (a?), 
 Stauromenos Petros (e), Agios Nicolaus, Panagia, &c. the bridge over the lliflus and Stadium Panathenai¬ 
 cum. Petri, which is generally called the Temple of the Lefler Myfteries by the travellers fince Guil- 
 letiere. The ruins of the foundations of a gate, and a church, called, Hagia Maria. The fite of 
 thefe I conceive to be the diftridt of Agra above mentioned. 
 
 There are two natural fountains in the city 6F Athens, one oF which, from a double fource, fur- 
 niflies water enough to form a little ftream; this rifes under the rock of the Acropolis, on the north 
 fide of the Propyleum; the other rifes under the rock of the Areopagus, in a grotto, on the north eaft 
 end ; they are both brackifti, particularly the firft, which probably will fhew the fituation of the tem¬ 
 ple of Efculapius (/). 
 
 The plan which accompanies this defcription, is engraved from an accurate drawing left by Mr. Stu¬ 
 art, and is intended to ftiow the antiquities only. A map of the ftreets of the modern city would be too 
 uninterefting to prefent to our readers; a finall part, however, is exprefled near the Acropolis; it ex¬ 
 tends from the temple of Thefeus, and the Areopagus weftward, to the gate of Hadrian eaftward, and 
 forms a kind of oval, which is continued northward beyond the church of Georgio Pico. 
 
 Some years ago the city of Athens was Tacked and plundered by a finall body of Albanians, immedi¬ 
 ately after which it was thought expedient by the governor and magiftrates to eredt a wall for the de- 
 
 (o) Paufanias mentions the wuXai ftixihfc, or Melitifian gate, near which 
 were the monuments of Cymon; confequently the gate' inuft have been 
 near Pnyx. 
 
 ( b ) The life of St. Dennis the Areopagitc. 
 
 (r) Suidas in Aypst. 
 
 [d) Diftant about aftone’s caft from the river. 
 
 (e) Called alfo 0/*»ypaA by the Albanians, perhaps from Aplifus a,yfolr,pa. 
 It, is a little more diftant from the river ffidii'the preceding There is a 
 great deal of rubbifli on this fpot, and five ruined churches. 
 
 (/) For a circumftantial illuftration of this part of the topography of 
 Athens, fee voL II. p. 3—8. 
 
 Thucydides enumerating fome temples, Stc. fituated to the fouthward of 
 thecaftle, mentions likewife the fountain Enneacrune, fo called in the 
 time of the tyrants, that is of Pififtratus, and feems to fay that it was before 
 called Callirhoe, from fome beautiful fprings that formed it. Strabo fays, 
 that there was without the gate of Diocharis, near the Lyceum, fome 
 fprings of (Tvect and limpid water, which formerly had been very copious, 
 and were adorned with fumptuous buildings, but that, in his time, thefe 
 fprings were much diminitlied. This muft be what Thucydides has before 
 related, and which Strabo has again noticed, when he deferibes the courfe 
 of the lliflus, which pafies by Agra, the Lyceum, and that fountain which 
 Plato has praifed in his dialogue, intituled, “ Phcdrus.” But how to 
 
 make thefe authors accord with Paufanias, who places it near the Odeum, 
 feems difficult; although, if we grant the building, which Wheler fufpeOs 
 to be the Odeum, to be that of Herodias, there is a grot near it, which 
 is pierced in fome places, as if for the admiffion of a current of water, and 
 corrcfponds with the defcription of Enneacrune, given by Paufanias; over 
 this are fome confiderable foundations, and near is the Piraan gate; fo 
 that if we fuppofe tliofe foundations to lie the fituation of the temple of 
 Ceres, it exaftly anfwers to what this author fays of the entrance into the 
 city by that gate, and it will follow, that the temple of Ceres, he there de¬ 
 feribes as near the Pompeon, is the fame with this, from the entire de¬ 
 fcription of which he is deterred by a dream. It ftiould be remembered, 
 that the Athenians had no aquedufts before the time of the Romans, of 
 confequence they had no artificial fountains ; but, after Hadrian’s aqueduft 
 was finifhed, it is more than probable, that they alfo had fome, or at 
 leaft one fountain, and no place could fo properly receive this ornament 
 as the Ceramic fquare, which feems to have been the nobleft and beft fre¬ 
 quented part of the city ; and Paufanias perhaps means, by faying the only 
 fountain, not only fpring, for there are now three in Athens, but the 
 only artificial fountain, like thofe of Rome, &c. Be it as it will, there is 
 a manifeft blunder in Paufanias, nor do 1 believe it the only one. Of this 
 fountain fee the quotations, page 8 and 38, vol. I. Pliny makes two 
 fountains of Callirhoe and Enneacrune, as does Solinus. 
 
 b 
 
 fence 
 
*LU 
 
 Vi Oft the Plan of Athcft 
 
 fehSfe of the city againft any future furprife of this nature; the inhabitants concurred with zeal in th6 
 undertaking, and a flight irregular wall, pierced with loop-holes for the difcharge of mufquetry, was car¬ 
 ried round the city, in a fpace of time remarkably flrort for a work of fuch extent. 
 
 The head-piece is two Ionic capitals cut out of one block of marble, and an imperfect infcription 
 ■on a very fine piece of marble, which feems to have been the upper moulding of a pedeftal; both 
 found in a ruined church on the road of Menidi, about three miles and a half from Athens, before you 
 crofs the Cephiflus. 
 
 The tail-piece is a baflo relievo ih the church of Grofoliotiflk. 
 
Ztelena Sam-fit fjKnita/u 
 
 A// & 
 
 Jimmi/i 
 
 Porta_J>ipy' 
 
 Templum These! 
 
 QJiidronici Cvnvhfrtis 
 
 C rypfce 
 
( vii ) 
 
 Of the Map of Attica. 
 
 *■ 
 
 Introduction to the Lift of Modern Names of Towns , Villages, MonaJlerm\ Farms , &c. with their 
 
 Ancient Names. 
 
 IT appears (a) from Euftathius, that the number of the Attic Demoi was 174 , many of which are now 
 utterly deftroyed, and not only the names, but even the ruins fcarcely remain. I have endeavoured 
 to trace the original names of the modern villages, or, which is the fame thing, the fituation of the 
 ancient Demoi. But while I am intent on this work, it occurs to me that even the beft writers who 
 have treated of the ancient Demoi may be ignorant of the names of fome of them, as the manner in 
 which they pretend to fill up this number of 174 makes me fufpedf; for inftance, Stephanus of By¬ 
 zantium reckons Cecropia among the Tricomoi; and yet I do not remember to have met with it in any 
 lift of Demoi that has come to my hands. If the Acropolis was called by this name, the city could 
 only be com poled of two Comoi or Demoi, whofe names I fhall not pretend to determine, but how can 
 it be fuppoied that ArTIA . APEIOSllArOX . IINIS . KOAONOSArOPAlbS, &c. which were parts of the 
 city, fhould be Demoi ? and, if you take thefe away from the Catalogue, which to me appear pure fhifts, 
 to make up the number of Euftathius, they muft leave a chafm difficult to fill, and which will be 
 confiderably augmented, if you ftill continue to cancel thofe Iflands, Rocks, Promontories, Hills, &c. 
 which probably have no title to this name; as ZQ2THP. TAPOT2A . 3>APMAKOY2Al . YITTAAIA . 
 3>PITTIOI, &c. I have added every name I could pick up, of what fort foever, Mountains, Promonto¬ 
 ries, Ports, &c. both becaufe as a Geographer thefe too fall within my notice, and becaufe fome of them 
 Hand a better chance, in my opinion, to have been Demoi, than many that are ufually inferted in the 
 catalogues, inftances of which may be given in KHIIOI . Kf2P£2NElATETPAFIOAI2 . TETPAKOM02 • 
 KTXPEI02 . EIIAK.PIA, &c. 
 
 I would likewife fuppofe, that not only the Eleufinian Demoi were reckoned in the number of Attic 
 Boroughs, but likewife thofe of Salamis, if not Megara, though it feems as if Megara was excepted. 
 
 Modern Names of Towns, Villages , Monafteries , Farms , &"c. with their Ancient Names , 
 
 Modern Names. 
 
 Ancient Names. 
 
 Illuftrations and Remarks. 
 
 ABPinKASTPO OPIQ- 
 KA2TPO or 
 2TAYPOKA2TPO. 
 
 PAMNOT2. 
 
 As the lituation, the remains of the temple of Nemefis, and an 
 infeription, demonftrate. 
 
 Perhaps from Paavo;, the name of a plant mentioned by Diofcorides. 
 lies 62° W. of N. and faces 28° W. S. 
 
 The ancient walls of this Demos, borough, or town, remain almoft 
 entire. It is on the fea fhore. At a little diftance from it, inland, 
 are the ruins of a Doric Temple, which is no other probably 
 than that dedicated to Nemefis. 
 
 ANAMSO. 
 
 ANA<MY2T02. 
 
 Signifies furfum ferveo. 
 
 I find it 60 ftadia from Thoricus. Xenoph. De/u agotrofw. 
 
 Nowa Metochi belonging to the convent of Cyriani. There is a 
 port, with the remains of fome antiquities, and a church dedi¬ 
 cated to to alio; |ufa\of* xai iffpalixo; wzvhwy.mof. 
 
 (a) The whole of tills lift appears to hayc been left in a very unfinifhed manner by Mr. Stuart, and as fuch it is given to the publick. 
 
 Modem 
 
 
Modern Names of Towns, Villages, Momfteries, Farms , &>c. 
 
 Modem Names. 
 
 Artcient Names. 
 
 illuftrations and Remarks. 
 
 ArTPA. 
 
 ANArTPOTS. 
 
 Vide Suidan Strabon. 
 
 Perhaps from Avayup.t called Anagyris foetida by Linnsus. This 
 town, according to Strabo, is on the fea fide between Aexonc 
 and Thors, which places could not be far from Haffani and Vari, 
 between which villages is a place called Agyra. I ihould add 
 that off the Promontory, between Agyra and Vari, and which I 
 fuppofe to be Zofter, is the Ifland called Phlega. 
 
 AAlOnHKH. 
 
 AAailEKH or AAOnE. 
 
 From AxoSri£, Vulpis. 
 
 The country of Socrates. 
 
 Perhaps the village now called Aliopeci, fituftte on the eaftern fide 
 of Hymettus. 
 
 ■K«. Ayx‘P^' s «■" ’’of A th; AtW AXuwtxrff. ayxji t* HpaxXiiix *x i» 
 ICuvso-apyiV. Herodot. v. 64. 
 
 XI or XII ftadia from Athens. Efchines in Timarchum. 
 
 AMRO no^oAdpflfldV 
 
 AAmIIPA vxmfav )cxi 
 •zzra^aA/of. 
 
 The neareft fea-port town to Lambrica> from which it is diftant 
 about one hour’s ride. 
 
 AMn"AOKHnOZ. 
 
 AITEAAKI. 
 
 A2ANH. 
 
 KtfflOI. 
 
 ArrEAH. 
 
 Perhaps AISONH 
 or AlsnNlA, 
 
 From K*iirof, Hortus. 
 
 Perhaps from AfyMu, Nuncio. In the neighbourhood of K«yr.<k. 
 
 Near the fea, famous for Mullets. 
 
 ASOMATOS, 
 
 ArXESIMOS. 
 
 From Apxnot, Vicinus, Propinquus. 
 
 Seems to be that clutter of hills lying N. E. of the City. 
 
 ZABANAKONAA, or ZANAKOTTA, is one part of this clutter nearer 
 the city; and TxpxoEs.a, that farther off towards Cephifia. On 
 the Weft of TxpxoSxwt is a village called ¥i%W. Z^*^* is 
 called likewife IltMxxJa, 
 
 ASOMATOt. 
 
 
 On Corydallus. 
 
 A2TEPI and 21THPI. 
 
 £TEPlA or XTElPlA. 
 
 Paufenias. 
 
 ATAHTOni. 
 
 YAcWAAI. 
 
 
 ahaona. 
 
 AISONH. 
 
 Near the City. 
 
 AriOS K 02 MA. 
 
 Ari02MEPK0TPT02. 
 
 An A I mi xupcmoltz. 
 
 AriOS I-C1ANNH2 I1P0A- 
 PflMOS. 
 
 AFIOS Imms fleoAoyofi 
 
 AITOX A0ANA21OS. 
 
 Anos snipmN. 
 
 AHA TPIAAAt TPIKOPTN0O2 and 
 
 TPIKOPT0ON. 
 
 SA®I* 
 
 Modern 
 
with their Ancient Names. 
 
 IX 
 
 Modern Names. Ancient Names. 
 
 BAPH. ©OPAI. 
 
 BEPXAMI orMTIEPXAMI. EXEAIAA1. 
 
 BA0H. Perhaps BATH. 
 
 BAAA. 
 
 BAPJBOBI. 
 
 BAI. 
 
 BAPNABA or $YPNABA. OYPN. 
 
 B1XIEPA. Perhaps IKAPIA. 
 
 BPANA. BEPENIKIAAL 
 
 BTrAATOTPPH mi 0>TAH. 
 
 OTAATOTPPH. 
 
 BPH2A. 
 
 BPAHNA. Forte BPATPHN. 
 
 BTA. 
 
 BAPBAPA ATIA or 
 KArNAPI. 
 
 BH22A. BHS2A. 
 
 Illuftrations and Remarks. 
 
 Strabo. Between Larabra and Anagyrus. 
 
 Affto; ri-5 ’AtJixm; ctvro E%fKx Rices' bto; it axo stat tom, ptlaj-v Solos Ts 
 lUifaitus, xa) m Ttipuxopx Hpoxteis, tv u tbs yupvixx; xya.tx; el'iOeirav toi; 
 IlavaOn vaiois- Stephanus. Bizant. 
 
 See Hefychius. 
 
 The word fignifies, Tribus, ClaJJis. 
 
 ®TAAKA2TPON on the road from Athens to Thebes on Mount Parnes. 
 A very ftrong fituation, about 5 or 6 miles from Xatrla. 
 
 Ton-os t^s At 7 /k>|s tv 5 t a Aiovuma fyovlo, &c. Vide Paufanias. 
 
 Ayx,ixtov Bpaupwra. Mari Adjacentem. Nonnus Dionyfiac. XIII. 
 v. 186. 
 
 Populus ifte medius inter Anaphlyftum Thoricumque fuit. 
 
 Xenoph. tjfji s-po eoSm. 
 
 BAPIMnOMTII. 
 
 BASlAEOnTroX. 
 
 BOTPBAS. 
 
 TTOTOKASTPO. 
 
 TETAAH or TEPAAH. 
 TPAMMATIK02. APMA. 
 
 nornH. iAms. 
 
 TTPI2MQ2. HAIKH. 
 
 Tozos T»s AtIixbs. Suidas. Kai xsxpaoi[Ma ojav it ap/talos turlpcufa aula; 
 ruv %povm yevoptvuiV w71 xai m AtIhmS wifi mv $uA»n> xxXsuvw uxsp%x 
 it STOS Jfpws i%wo fpspiov o%upov o[*ogov, fart, tij rataypixj. Steph. 
 T>;v AtW « aril wipt 4 >uZw Atw AtJimk 0|*0fo» tt, Tavayp*. Strabo 
 & Plutarch in Parall. 
 
 The modern Greeks for rpapcptolsus fay rpax/xxhxo:, and I am apt to 
 imagine that A Pf *a 1 tus may have fuffered the fame change, and be 
 the place now called rpotpu*a 7 ixe or“Apf*oJixoV. 
 
 Perhaps a falfe reading in Strabo. See Chylander’s Strabo. Per¬ 
 haps fr6m“Ex>g vortex. Gyrus. 
 
 Modern 
 
X 
 
 Modern Names of Towns, Villages , Monadaries. Farms , 
 
 Modem Names. Ancient Names. 
 
 riAAor. 
 
 TIANOTAH. 
 
 TH2 TPAI2 
 TOnHAHMA. 
 
 AArAAA. 
 
 AA$NH. K0PTAAAA02. 
 
 AAOT2. 
 
 AIONT2. AIONT2IA. 
 
 AEPBENH. 
 
 AEPBHSArOTS. 
 
 APAKONA or 
 TPAKONI2. 
 
 AHAH2H and AXPAAOT2. 
 
 KAPAAHAH2H. 
 
 APAniTZONA or 
 TPAIII20NA. 
 
 EAAAA. 
 
 EAIA2 AITQ2 or 
 HAIA2 ATI02. 
 
 EAIM02 or EAIMB02. EPM02. 
 
 EAIOT2A and AI02A. 
 
 ENNEAIITProi. 
 
 EAET2INA. EAET2I2. 
 
 EMIIAI or MTIAI. 
 
 EPAKAH and IEPAKH. APXIAAIA. 
 
 ZA3>HPI. 
 
 ZEfcHPI. 
 
 ©EPIKO or ©0PIK02. ©0P1K02. 
 
 Illuftrations and Remarks, 
 
 Signifies an aquedudt. 
 
 Half way between Caraia arjd Athens, in the diftrift of Agra. 
 
 Between Stamiti and Cephifia. 
 
 A Metochi of Cyriani on the foot of Pentelicus near Stamati. 
 v JE0ej ro~f AtIixmc X£i£iv tx th xai rov vxtpttxlnlx xpiQjiw avo rm Aiovui r/uv. 
 
 Suidas. 
 
 1 a 
 
 A pafs guarded. 
 
 Trakonis are four villages on a hilly fituation, about fix miles from 
 Athens. The Phaleric rnarfh extends this way. 
 
 Perhaps from A^par, Pyrus communis. Linn. Varietas Sylveftris. 
 A ruined Demos paft CaJanjQ in the way to Marcopolis. 
 
 A mountain neat Lcgrana. 
 
 A mountain near Anaphlyftos. 
 
 This may poffibly be the place now called EAIM02 or EA1.V1GOS. 
 The mutation of an P into an A being very frequent, and the in- 
 terpofition of an I Ihort between two cpnfonants extremely 
 natural. 
 
 Signifying nine Towers. 
 
 In it there are many ruins. 
 
 On the Gephiffus, 
 
 The fituation of this place is very evident, and its name ftill re¬ 
 mains entire. Here are great ruins, among which that of a 
 Theatre is very eafily diftinguifhed. The port on which it 
 ftands is now called Porto Mandri, and may probably foe the fame 
 with the IWo (xafyo of Ptolomy. I could difeover no infeription, 
 though I ufed much diligence. 
 
 Modern 
 
with their Ancient Names. 
 
 Modern Names. Ancient Names. 
 
 Illuftrations and Remarks. 
 
 IEPOSAKOYAA 
 
 IEP02AKOYAH. 
 
 1 
 
 IANYAI. 
 
 < 
 
 IEPAKA. 
 
 
 IA<DOTIA. 
 
 
 IAAOT. AiriAlA. 
 
 Perhaps from AiyiXo; berba capris grata. 
 
 Meurfius confounds the mountain by which the Spartans entered 
 
 Attica from Eleufis; with the town placed by Strabo between 
 
 Anaphlyftus and Lambra. 
 
 IEPO 2AKYAOMAINON 
 
 3 
 
 or MNEMON. 
 
 
 KANriA. AEYKONION. 
 
 Where Meton the Mathematician was born. 
 
 KAAAMO. 
 
 Reefls. 
 
 KA1NOYPIA OSniTIA. 
 
 Signifies new Houfes. 
 
 KAAENrH or 
 
 KAAENTZH. 
 
 | 
 
 KAAANAPI. 
 
 ] 
 
 KAKH2KAAH. 
 
 Rupes Scironides. 
 
 KAA0KAMB02. 
 
 A monaftery near Calamo.' 
 
 ICAAH2A. EKAAH. 
 
 Aijxos nit Auflltos ?vA« oJ>j[ior>j{ ixoAioj to rorrixa txa\ i9tv* txaXxtfc ixaKwi.' 
 
 kaakotkh. 
 
 KAAKOMATAAE2. 
 
 Brazier. M 
 
 1 
 
 KAKHSOTrAH. 
 
 A fmall rugged mountain near Daphne. It is ifolated all round. 
 
 KAAENXI. 
 
 KArNAPA. 
 
 
 KAMnOKOIAH. 
 
 Hollow field. 
 
 ICAriANAPITH. 
 
 KAMArH. 
 
 A round fmall hill in the Eleufinian plain. 
 
 KABOKOAONNA2. SOYNION. 
 
 Diflant from the Pirieum 330 ftadia. Strabo. 4a Roman miles. Pliny. 
 
 KPESm. 
 
 KAPEAA. 
 
 
 KAPAAH. ArPATAH mi ArPYAH. 
 
 i 
 
 Plutarch in Alcibiade. 
 
 Perhaps from Aygauxiu. Ruri pernoElo. 
 
 Tirtp to raSi ov re n«v«6»iwt7xc» vrpot to Ar!(*w to avtttpQtv AypvX’i. Harpocrates. 
 
 Modern 
 
xii Modern Names of Towns, Villages, Mon afteries, Farms , & c. 
 
 Modern Names. Ancient Names. Illuftrations and Remarks, 
 
 KAPEIA and r, IK API A n KafftX&c. A monaftery at the foot of Hymettus. 
 
 KOYPIAAE2. 
 
 KAP1TOS Me] oyj ., 
 
 KATA&HKAI or $HrAIA. 
 
 KATAOYKE. 
 
 KH<3?I2lA. KH<I>I2IA. The bcft villa g e in th <? Attic Territory, 
 
 KII. 
 
 KEPAKTrNH. 
 
 KEPAMIAAI. KEPAME1K02. 
 
 KTNErOS. 
 
 KEIPATIA. 
 
 KIOTPKA. 
 
 KITAI or srrAI. 
 
 KOKAAA. 
 
 komappea. 
 
 KPIBAKOAI. 
 
 KONAOTPA. 
 
 KOPOPO. 
 
 KPOT2AAAAE2 and KPfiniA orKTPTlAAAI. 
 
 KOYPT2AKAAAI, or 
 KPY2AAA or KPnniA. 
 
 kopaiaia nTPros. 
 
 KOPOYrNH. KOPHNEIA and 
 
 XEPONH202. 
 
 KOPIOKAEIAIA. AEKEAEIA. 
 
 KOYBAPA2. 
 
 A creek not far from the Pireum. 
 
 T OTTO! T»IS At1ix>S« 
 
 A place near Athens, where they made bricks and tiles. 
 
 The ancient Ceramicus ega lis uoMut rauft have been hereabouts. 
 Signifies Flglina, 
 
 A fruit. 
 
 Derived from a fort of Ihoes of that name, 
 
 Perhaps from Kpuwiov falx. 
 
 The village called Crufalades by the Greeks is by the Albanefe 
 called KpuTna. The fame people call a neighbouring fituation 
 Old Curtfalades. There are ruins which may, perhaps, be the 
 remains of KupWai. Note. I here, that is in Cropia, found an 
 infeription with the name Kpimiu on it, but loft it by the care- 
 lefsnefs of a fervant. 
 
 A large and ftrong town quite ruined Kopwvua m xai XipmutK wpos 
 AtIixiik. Near Prafla is a promontory making one fide of the 
 entrance of Porto Raphti ; it is now called Corugni, or Kopxyw. 
 
 Decelia is 120 ftadia, or 15 miles from Athens, and as much from 
 Boeotia. Thucyd. Lib. VII. It might be feen from Athens, 
 p. 348, on the road from Oropus to Athens, p. 353. See 
 likewife Plutarch in Alcibiades. Now the ihorteft road from 
 Oropus to Athens paffes by a place called 'Ay‘a M.pfcsp.xs and 
 Kcpio KW. a , which laft feems to anfwer the fituation and de- 
 feriptioq. 
 
 KEIPIAAAI perhaps Fafcia. 
 
 Forte KYKAAA, Bones. 
 
 Modern 
 
with their Ancient Karnes. 
 
 Modern Names. 
 
 KOYKOYBANE 2 xxi 
 KOYKOYBAQNE 2 . 
 
 KOYTAAA. 
 
 AAMBPIKA. 
 
 AIBAAH. 
 
 AIONH or TPAKONH 
 
 Porto. 
 
 AI¥OKOTAAIA or rj 
 ’fITTAAlA. 
 
 AEKKONOPAI Me]oyi 
 A fegiojtx. 
 
 AErPINA and 
 AArPIONA. 
 
 MAN API TloQo. 
 MAPA0ONA. 
 
 MAPKOIIOAI 2 etslov 
 Evgmov. 
 
 MAPKOEIOAIS £15 tut 
 Meuoynx. 
 
 MAPOY 2 IA. 
 
 MArPATH. 
 
 xiii 
 
 Ancient Names. 
 
 Ill illations and Remarks. 
 
 AAMIIPA mb'JICefalt. Here are feveral ruins though without form, and fome tolerable 
 
 fculpture, fome fepulchral inferiptions with Lamptreus on them, 
 and another infeription on which is Aa^wga. It is about 3 or 3$ 
 miles from the fea Ihore. 
 
 TEAAAI mi YBA. A meadow. 
 
 IIEIPAI 02 . 
 
 ¥ITTAAIA. Perhaps from cito. 
 
 An ifland uninhabited. 
 
 AEKKON. Asxko» epof, a Metochi of Atxxoir, 
 
 AAYPION. Perhaps Aavpio*, the u is frequently changed into y, for in (lance, 
 
 "Eypnro? from ’’livpmi,- and the termination a. added ; for, the mo¬ 
 dern Greeks never finilh a word with a confonant. 
 
 Thucyd. L. II. and VI. Plutarc. 
 
 Aiyptvx and Aaypwm, near KuGoxohowx, and another part near PSph, is 
 called Mauporspiis and Aavpmopr,;. There is a rugged mountainous 
 tradt full of exhaufted mines and fcoria, extending from Potto 
 Pafu to Legrina; at Porto Rafti it forms a promontory called 
 Mauron orife, perhaps a corruption of Laurion oros. 
 
 IIANTOMATPIO. 
 
 MAPA 0 HN. Anethum feniculum Linn. 
 
 Templum Herculis. Herodot. VI. 116. 
 
 Aberat Athenis millia paffuum, five ftadia oftaginta. C. Nepos in 
 Miltiad. 
 
 Equally diftant from Caryto in Eubtea and Athens. Pauf. 
 
 TETPAHOAI2* T ’ 1 '' AtW <h:«S xxi xaoUxf t ir’lxpx( OiMifi, npog«tuv9(i», TpixcpvGov, 
 
 MagaQwa. And Strabo, in his enumeration of the twelve cities 
 of Cecrops. See m Aixlia;, in the feparate lift of ancient 
 names. 
 
 AMAPY 2 IA. A village, called, perhaps, from the temple of Diana, Amaryfia, 
 
 which was in the Demos A 0 f urn. We difeovered a fubterranean 
 aquedudt near this village ; and an infeription. 
 
 It was in Athmonia. See Pauf. Attica. 
 
 ArPA XXI ArPAI. From Aypx, Venatio. 
 
 Etri y.ca t*jj At7ik« ago n;; -jroAsio;, h 5 rx pixpx pucrtpitt «riforn.) Mipijaa 
 tu> ■stp'l t'ov Aiomo-m h 2 pjyxm xa'l ro> Hpxx>lx f*igi,v’itr8xi. Step. Biz. 
 
 Aypx Atytilgo; ispov iftn tik uoXims apo; tot iXurtror. Suidas. Strabo in the 
 9th Book. Qelius, L. XX. C. 7. and Lib. VIII. C. 7. 
 
 There is a place near Athens, perhaps 2 miles acrofs the IlyfTus, 
 called Hypiulo vrifepui perhaps Aypx 1 It was ceftainly a 
 
 fuburb of Athens, acrofs the IlylTus. And it is probable, that 
 the country between the IlylTus and the foot of Hymettus was 
 •likewife called Aypx. In this diftrkl, about 2 and f miles from 
 Athens, is a village of feven or eight houfes, called Kapx i and, 
 pall: the Stadium Panathenaicum, is a church dedicated to St. 
 Peter, in a diftridl: called ; it is on the Ilyfius, a little more 
 
 diftant from which are many rui,,s, and among diem tome wells 
 and five churches. , 
 
 d 
 
 Modem 
 

 xlv Modern Names of Towns, Villages, Monafaries, Farms, Hflc. 
 
 Modem Names. 
 
 Ancient Names. 
 
 Illuftrations and Remarks. 
 
 MAPMAPA. 
 
 
 A large church near Marufia, perhaps the fituation of the Temple 
 of Diana Amaryfia of the Atlimonians. 
 
 MirAl02I. 
 
 
 
 MATPOBOTNA. 
 
 
 A mountain contiguous to the South of Hymettus. 
 
 MATPONOPH2E. 
 
 
 A mountain over Rafti to the South. 
 
 MAHIABOTA xxi 
 
 AMA^lAnOTA. 
 
 
 
 MA2I. 
 
 
 
 MErPA. 
 
 MErAPA. 
 
 
 MENIAH; 
 
 nAlONlAAI. 
 
 
 MEAITAI. 
 
 MEAITH xxi meaiton. 
 
 Perhaps a pAi, Melle. 
 
 Ayopxvopovvlov avlov r£ Aioiium MapaOuviou xca Koivloa Pups, MiAtfeoi;. 
 
 ME22IA. 
 
 
 Perhaps; Mefliah. 
 
 MEZOKOTAAIA. 
 
 
 
 MENAEAH. 
 
 IIENTEAH. 
 
 Mountain. 
 
 MTPPENAA. 
 
 MTPPINOT2. 
 
 
 MTPPHNH. 
 
 
 Mountain near Megra. 
 
 METPOI1H2H. 
 
 AMS>ITPOIIH. 
 
 See Efchines’s Oration on Timarchus, as cited by Meurfius. 
 
 METPOI1HEH. The initial vowel being loft, and the Mi> making a 
 found in the modern Greek approaching that of an M, the accent 
 on the laft fyllable in the ancient name may have occafioned the 
 increafe of a fyllable in the modern name. It Hands'at the di- 
 vifion of the great road going to Sunium from Athens. The left 
 hand leads by Thoricus, and the right by Anaplyftus. 
 
 MTPTEPOPI: NearMegra. 
 
 MNEMON. 
 
 MONOMATI. 
 
 MlKPHSriATA. 
 
 MY 2 TA XXI MY 22 IA. AA 1 MOT 2 * The Ba y near Phaleros, on which Tpi; znypot mvh xa. rpmxovlcc j -itm rx 
 
 «rsos a-Kixoflas. Demoft. in Eubulide. 
 
 Perhaps at prefent MTESIA and Tpi; Ilupyoi. Strabo places Axi/xou? 
 after the QxTjpc;; and this place may be about 3 or 4 miles from 
 it on the fea-lhore, and nearly from the city. 
 
 N 02 EA. ANAKAIA. A»*x«iw, incendo, is a mountain, and is a part of Varus. There 
 
 is a great quantity of charcoal made, and fires are frequent on it. 
 
 OPOri02 xai OPOII02. 
 
 IIAAEOKA 2 TPO. Several ruins have this name, one under Mauro Vouni near Cropia. 
 
 ITAAEOEriATA. nP02IlAATA. 
 
 Modern 
 

 with their Ancient Names. xv 
 
 Modern Names. 
 
 Ancient Names. Illuftrations and Remarks. 
 
 JXANI Mons. 
 
 The mountain of Ceratia. 
 
 IIATJ 22 A. 
 
 A village near Athens. 
 
 HEAHKA 2 - 
 
 EHAEKE 2 . A village and monaftery near Maryfia. 
 
 IIEPAMO. 
 
 nEPONAI. 
 
 
 nETPAKH. 
 
 The convent near Anchelinus. 
 
 niKEPMH. 
 
 EniElKIAAI. 
 
 mrAAiA. 
 
 FIPA 22 A. 
 
 IIPA 2 IA. Totally ruined on Port Rafti. 
 
 nENITO BAPBAPO. 
 
 IITNTO BAPBAPO. 
 
 See BouJwpw, and the note in the lift of ancient names, to which no 
 modern names are afligned. 
 
 PAIIHNT 02 A. 
 
 A mountain, part of Pentelicus. 
 
 PA3>HNA. 
 
 APA$HN. On the Ihore of Attica, not far from Port Raphti. Near it is 
 
 Brauona, diftinct from the Brauna of Spon, which is nearer 
 Marathon. 
 
 PA$TI IIo^o. 
 
 A large harbour named from h^nv. 
 
 PARANA. 
 
 A mountain, where is the Grot of Pan near Vari. 
 
 2 A ANAKOTAA mi 
 IIENAKOYAA. 
 
 
 2 AAE 2 I. 
 
 EISAAA 2 AIMNH. Stephanus 
 
 2KAPAMArrA Mons. 
 
 See ©f/«, in the fcparate lift of ancient names. 
 
 2 KAPI 1 A. 
 
 2KOTIIEPI. 
 
 
 2ENAEPINA. 
 
 AZHNIA. 
 
 2 EnOAlA. 
 
 STrETH and TPOIAI. Near Athens. 
 
 2EPAKK0. 
 
 
 2A0HPI. 2ATPIPI . 
 TEOHPI or ZE'iHPI. 
 
 Near Marathon. 
 
 20YAH. 
 
 
 20 $PnNH. 
 
 BOpON a.,., was. fea-port near the Pireus. Sea Strabo. 
 
 Quere, if the port and town were near each other ? 
 
 Modern 
 
[ xvii ] 
 
 ABAZKANTOZ. 
 
 ArNOYS. 
 
 ArriA. 
 
 AZHNIA. 
 
 A0HNAL 
 
 A0MONON. 
 
 AIHAAOZ. 
 
 AI0AAIAAI. 
 
 AITIONA. 
 
 AKA AH MIA. 
 
 AAAI ’Al-YiNlAEZ. 
 AAAI APA$HNIAEZ. 
 
 AAOIIH. 
 
 AMAZONION. 
 
 AMASANTEIA. 
 
 AMS’IAAH. 
 
 AM$lAAOZ AKPA. 
 AMOMMAAOZ KOAIIOZ. 
 ANTIOXEIA. 
 AnOAAaNlEIS. 
 apahttoz. 
 
 APElOZnATOZ. 
 
 AZTTIIAAAIA. 
 
 ATAAANTH. 
 
 Lift of Ancient Names. 
 
 T»7ro{ AiXiva t>|v tv tv etoXei mvfivhv oSoy HpaxXtwv St o TXaSxmos capa' to aitnru qntrir. 
 
 A face t»k TLtxfm'Sot puXXf. 
 
 In this Demos was the temple of Diana Amarufia, whence Marufia, the modern village, has its 
 name, and was probably the Old Athmonum. See Marufia. 
 
 A mountain. Exa6i£i7o O Stp%>K fv t u AiyiaXiu opu tv{ Arlans Seupuy t>]v » ZosXapwvi mufucyjov. 
 
 Thucyd. Lib. VIII. P. 429. 
 
 Sexilla a Dipylo ftadia in academiam confecimus. Cic. Vide F. Junii Academiam, c. 1 and 2. 
 
 AXai ApafipiStt xai aXai ai^mlSis A|*oi, &C. Eei Si o Sipes r*it ApxifnmSas f«7a£u fnryias ts srpo; MxpxOun 
 Pposupwvof osi ^ Ai£wviJe{ ifyvs th agios' ejt xai Xipwi a QxXacnrr,;. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of Marathon many Demoi were lituated. 
 
 Step. Biz. 
 
 To7iof £v ArliXJi ivfi* Sstriuj twv Apia^ovMv ixpxlwiy ala ixxXuto xxi xvpwi tv »? «i A/*a£ovi( Sxxr. Steph. 
 
 Strabo. 
 Ptolomy. • 
 
 Toiro; htiv aOnWiv sv a) enxv/es ’AQxvaioi SrQustsla, wpivuov tov opxov tov iiXiaxrixov* Toirot A0 »!»*!tiv unlg to rclSiov t# 
 IIava 0 >sva 7 xov. Harpoc. Tojros wipi tov IXhtitov tyfuf tb n«v«0>i, &C. 
 
 Aixayiipiov oOxvjitiv. Suidas. Pliny, L, VII. C. 55. 
 
 A Promontory paft the Thorai. See Strabo and Stephanus Bizantinus, neither of whom call it a Demos. 
 Perhaps the fame with fnlxXiu. 
 
 An ifland, in which neither Strabo, nor Stephanus, nor Paufanias, mention a Demos; where it exifted 
 is to me inconceivable. For between Salamis and the Pyreum is only one ifland, called 
 Lipfocotalia. 
 
 ATHNH. 
 
Lift of Ancient Names. 
 
 xix 
 
 EffiKH$H2IA. 
 
 EPETPIA. 
 
 Oi h am rn; AO'imcnv Eptlpia; »j inn sen ayopa. Strabo. Forte KoAwm; Ayofuiot. 
 
 EPEXQIA. 
 
 Birth-place of Ifocrates; 
 
 EIPIKEIA. 
 
 * 
 
 EIP12IAAI. 
 
 EPOIAAAI. 
 
 
 EPXEIAAI. 
 
 Country of Xenophon; 
 
 EPXEIA. 
 
 EYKON0EI2. 
 
 
 EYJTTPIAAI. 
 
 Tpixwpiw it tx'-tx; ExaXan 0izvp!Sa{. xtxpuirlia(. sm'Xwo;. Step. 
 
 ETONTMOS. 
 
 ZH2THP. 
 
 Tt|{ Arl.xr? i3|*0f utb ?>a<r» mv A>il« Xu<r«i «|» Ztfep. xaSiicrav tv rn \s<r*<r9ai hlccvia Sumv AMfic \rfa. xal 
 
 ApIspciJi, xai AvoKhovi Zofiifia. 
 
 In the promontory near Vari, which I take to be the promontory of Zofter, is a fmall round lake 
 encompafied on one fide by precipices; and on the other of no eafy accefs, it is now called Voliafmene, 
 or Chavalhi. The water is fait, and in fome parts fo deep as to be fuppofed unfathomable. 
 
 HETiaNElA.. 
 
 / 
 
 H$A12TIAAAI. 
 
 Vide Diog. Laert. in Platone. Lib. Ill. C. XLI. Meurfius, D. A. 
 
 ©HBH. 
 
 &c. still sv *m Afl.x?. Steph. de urbibus. On the road to Daphne, in the fituation where I 
 fuppofe Lacidai may have been, is a fepulchral infeription. AJixMik Avo^So^m $uyukp 0>£*«*• 
 
 ©HMAX02, 
 
 ©PIA. 
 
 Strabo IX. Plutarch in Pericle. 
 
 This muR be near Eleufis, as the Thrafian Plain received its name from it; and Strabo fays it is on the 
 Ihore near the promontory Amphialus. There are (till fome rains in this place called, Scaramanga. 
 Quere, if Skiron was Scaramanga. 
 
 ©piaN. 
 
 0TMO1TAAAI. 
 
 A lea port, or near one. 
 
 See Suidas and Plutarch in Tliefeus. 
 
 Pollux, Lib. IV. Cap. XIV. 
 
 ©TPrONIAAI, 
 
 
 1KAP102. 
 
 Opo{. Plinius, where Comedy was invented. 
 
 IAI2202. 
 
 nit «'iM h ! np-fc “ «• S “P- de Pahaps ” wfor 
 
 llinoTAMAAAI. 
 
 Callirrhoe. Modern name. 
 
 I2TIAIA. 
 
 ITEA. 
 
 Salix. The places where willows grow are fcarce in Attica, which is a dry foil, and has fcarcely a 
 perennial brook in it. However on the Cephiffus, near a place called Dervifagu, there are 
 many. 
 
 IONIAAI. 
 
 KAAH. 
 
XX 
 
 Lift of Ancient Names. ^ 
 
 KAAH. 
 
 On the fea Ihore, where the Orator Cecilius was born. 
 
 KEICPOniA, 
 
 1 do not remember to have met with this in any lift of Attic Demoi; yet Stcph. Biz. reckons it among 
 •the T (iv.oy.o<. See Ev P m P ,Sm, &c. and Thucydides fays, i v&fa *XfiM ™ ops in Ktxpmxs m 
 
 KfixmU £5 A%apWt! %u P M piywv. Lib. 11. p. 9 S' 
 
 KEfcAAH. 
 
 KHAA1. 
 
 f 
 
 KHTTOI. 
 
 The country of Eubulus. Comic poet. 
 
 KIKTNA. 
 
 KO©nKlAAI. 
 
 The birth-place of Efchines orator. 
 
 K0AATT02. 
 
 . Birth-place of Plato, and Timon the Mifanthrope. 
 
 Strabo, Book I. as ColyttuS and Melita, although feparated by ditches and land-marks, who will re¬ 
 count us their precife limits. 
 
 koahnoz inmos. 
 
 Collis. Montium faftigium. Locus editus. tow yns *v«ff** vj^xos.—Suidas. vonsiOu 
 
 TV ft tov KO.MV (e v. h .rpow) nocni*vo< f£» woXios W> »•«*»** **“• Thucyd. 
 
 Sexilla a Dipylo ftadia in academiam confecimus me ipfum hue modo vementem convertebat ad 
 fefe Coloneus, ille locus cujus mcefta incola Sophocles ob oculos verfebatur. 
 
 Cicero. De finibus, L. V. C. x. 
 
 Sometimes imagined part of the city; if fo, they muft be between the Pyraic gate and that of the 
 Ceramicus or Dypylon, though I ihould rather fuppofe them without the city walls, and between 
 the long walls where there are places whofe fituation may agree with this epithet. 
 
 KOAflNOS ArOPAlOS* 
 
 
 KOAGNOS MI20IO2. 
 
 From Merces. Salarium, Stipendium militum, pretium habitationis. 
 
 KONATAH. 
 
 Suidas. 
 
 KPANAAI. 
 
 KPIQA. 
 
 
 KTAA0HNAION- 
 
 Birth-place of Andocides, orator. 
 
 KTAANTIAAI. 
 
 KT0IIPON. 
 
 
 KTNOSAPrES. 
 
 Toirot ti; ten maf* «9W*{ £ *£pov >l P an\tS(.— Suida3. 
 
 KTN020TP02. 
 
 HefychillS. 'JuX'l Xaxonxx xai axp* ts MapaStOKot s» EuSoiat Tilpauivx. 
 
 KTXPEU12. 
 
 KQATCEs. 
 
 
 aakiaaal 
 
 Country of Miltiades and Cimon. . 
 
 So entirely ruined, and even the ruins are without a name, and fcarce difcernible; it muft be on the 
 road to tleutis. It was the fecond Demos on the facred road. 
 
 aapine. 
 
 Plinius. Fons. 
 
 AAPI22A. 
 
 . Step, in voce Larifla, xxi tv ~x Afjixx »i Mptnrx. 
 
 AOPI22A. 
 
 A&'PYAPION. 
 
 Hefychius Xu;m7i. 
 
 AETKOnTPA. 
 
Lift of Ancient Names. 
 
 AETKompA. 
 
 AHNAION. 
 
 KcuSupK, or Kouipupa, near 2 miles from Ceratia. On the road to Marcopolis it bears 51* 50' E. of S. 
 from Lambria. 
 
 A hill near the town. 
 R. A. 36. 
 
 Nrtro{ pulagu AiJ-iwif xai ArliMf. 
 
 AIMN AI. From A/f/v&S Aia t» r«o ap^aiuJoL tipa t6u Aiovura tv Aipvtuf trwav. Demoft. Orat. in Near, and tv Afowif 
 
 Paluftris. ’ ^ &c ‘ Hefychius - 
 
 AOTSIA. 
 
 ATKABETTOS. 
 
 MAKAPIA. 
 
 MHAAINAI. 
 
 ME0OTPIA. 
 
 MEIAHTON mi MIAHTON. 
 
 OA. 
 
 OH. 
 
 OION . AEKEAIKON. 
 
 OION KEPAMEIKON. 
 
 OINAI. 
 
 OINOH ms AIANTIAOS. Ad-Marthonem. Strabo, »■<*'““ ad Etotkerw. Strabo, Thucydides. 
 
 OINOH w; mnoeOQN. 
 
 TIAOS. 
 
 OTPTNEIS or Otrynen- 
 fes. 
 
 nAIANIA KABinEP- 
 0EN- 
 
 nAIANIA mENEPOEN. Deruorthenes. 
 
 nAAAHNH. 
 
 nAMBOTttAAAI. 
 
 nANAKTOS. 
 
 nANTO MATPIO. 
 
 nANnPMos. 
 
 nAPNES. 
 
 nEprASH. 
 nEPSETS. otA‘5- 
 
 Herodot. L. I. 63. 
 
XXII 
 
 Uft of Ancient IV antes. 
 
 nEPieoiAAi. 
 
 IIEPPIAAI. 
 
 meos. 
 
 ETAQOEIA. 
 
 nNis. 
 
 Whence the gallery in Pnix was turned (placed, looking) towards the fea, but in the time of the 
 
 thirty tyrants it was changed and placed on the fide of the country. 
 
 tv -ni ExxAwna e8dm. Avon [* in Meurfio de Archon, 98. 
 
 nOIKIAOS OPOS. Ilaiitravixi. xccld re vroix!\ov xaAo'j/xtvov Zfoc. 
 
 nopos. 
 
 nOTAMOS. 
 
 EIPOBAAIN0O2. 
 
 ITTEAIA. 
 
 PAPION. 
 
 2HMAXIAAI. 
 
 ZAAAMI2. 
 
 2KAMBONIAAI. On the way to Eleufis. Pauf. L. I. Alcibiades. 
 
 Situated on a torrent. 
 
 2KIPA2. Strabo xtu ZKIPA. 
 
 2KIP0N. 
 
 The firft Demos on the facred road was called Skiron; it 
 rifes in Aneehfmus ; and joins the Cephifus, there are 1 
 Exafa/txvyx. 
 
 ■ was fituate on a torrent, probably that which 
 : now no remains of it; perhaps the same with 
 
 inopriAos. 
 
 2TBPIAAI. 
 
 2TIIAAHTT02. 
 
 SIIENAAAH and Ed>2N 
 AAAH. 
 
 2<J>ETT02. 
 
 It is curious, that Sphettos fhould have the same relation to Sphetteros, thine or yours, that Hymet- 
 tos has to Hymetteros, mine or ours. 
 
 TETPAK0M02 HPAK- 
 AE02. 
 
 TI0PA2. 
 
 TITAKIAAI. 
 
 TPINEMEI2. 
 
 TPOIA. 
 
Lift of Ancient Names. 
 
 TPOIA. 
 
 TTPMIAAI. 
 
 TAKIN0O2. 
 
 TAPOT2A. 
 
 T2IAI. 
 
 I$0PM02. 
 
 <DAPMAKOT2AI. 
 
 $ATPA. 
 
 4>EAAET2. 
 
 <I>HrAIA AAPIANIAI2 
 KAI AirEIA02. 
 
 OHrAIA IIANAI0NIA02. 
 
 OHrOT2. 
 
 Effi xei aAAcei Tpo'ai ev AtIixh xuptn ij ri{ vuv Burrell Stpoi xseAfilai. Steph. 
 
 IUtyu u7rfp tuv XlpfvJov/av. Suidas. 
 
 An ifland, and may poffibly be calied Talipotum; it lay off the Axonians. 
 O iviAu ai'ptWij Tinas, iepovsTm/s etr%uliis tvs At7iX«, Herodot, 5. 74. 
 
 Are two iflands in the Straights of Salamis, 
 
 An uninhabited ifland near Aftypalea. 
 
 “Opes Tii; Arlixw. 
 
 $ny£U5 tx ZTfo; MapaOavi. 
 
 Kai iv cJu ti) ix zrtpsuus eif mviov fpwyvtsn. Suidas. 
 
 4>ATA. 
 
 t&OPMI2IOI. 
 
 SPEAPPOI. 
 
 <DPiriA. 
 
 4>PITTIOI. 
 
 xitqnh. 
 
 X0AAAPr02. 
 
 XOAAIAAI. 
 
 XPT2A. 
 
 QPTXION. 
 
 QPQn02. 
 
 c 2 rxriA. 
 
 Birth-place of Themiftocles. 
 
 E<ri xKt t« $p'Jj/i* vStltpos vinos pulccgu Beiuha; xat Arlixtif. 
 
 Tines tx5 AtIixSc to rorixov, Eupopiav AioiuVu, 
 
 Ij^vof l« TJgi%i'oiint ?jx£fii' oxAacaililo. Step, de Urb. 
 
 Exe'yflo x«i * AtJixh maaa Oyvyix. Step. 
 
 xxiii 
 
 Modern 
 
[ xxiv ] 
 
 Modern Names of the Villages in the Megarefe Territory. 
 
 BIZKIA. 
 
 AEANAP02. 
 
 AEPBENH. 
 
 MAZAI. 
 
 AOAEKA EKKAE2IA. 
 
 MErAPA or MErPA. 
 
 KAKI2KAAH. 
 
 nEPAXOPA. 
 
 KONAOTPA- 
 
 2QT2AKH. 
 
 To thefe we may add fome Villages in the Megaran Tract. 
 
 ArXOH. 
 
 NI2AIA. 
 
 AirEfPOT2A • mu AirEIP02. 
 
 nHTAI. 
 
 AirO20ENA. 
 
 2IAOT2. 
 
 EAI22ANTH. 
 
 2KIP02. 
 
 KPQMION. 
 
 TPin0Al2K02. Tpwreilw Tpiirofto-xiov Xsydlai xa9 o x nt 
 
 cvycfst Meyetfim xtihxi. Strabo, p. 604. 
 
 MErARA. 
 
 
 Modem Names in the Order they occurred failing from Schiathos to Negropont. 
 
 nONTIKONHSI. 
 
 AAIBEPI. 
 
 EAAENIK02. 
 
 nPO0IMO2. 
 
 2TPOXOPH- 
 
 B0T$AA02. 
 
 OPEOT2. 
 
 APMIPO nOTAMO. 
 
 AHA. 
 
 KAMA BArNH. 
 
 AI0AAA. 
 
 2TOTPA, in which bay are 
 
 IAATPA. 
 
 HAri02, rEQPri02, AHAI2I, &c. and feveral iflands. 
 
 AT*02. 
 
 EMnOPION. 
 
 POTBIAI2. 
 
 KABO MAPMAPION. 
 
 ATMNH* 
 
 I1ETAA0T2, five iflands. 
 
 TPAIAZ 2IIHAIAI2. 
 
 TATKOPEMATA. 
 
 nOAITIKA. 
 
 KAPI2T02. 
 
 Eipinos. 
 
 KA2TPI, ruins. 
 
 I1AAAIO KA2TPI. . 
 
 KAB0A0P02. 
 
 BA0IA2. 
 
 
 Shores 
 
[ XXV ] 
 
 Shores, Ports , and Promontories, beginning at Cenchrea, and proceeding to Sunium, 
 
 KHTKPEIA. 
 
 sotsaki. 
 
 KAKI2 KAAH- 
 TPAniZONA. 
 
 APAKO- 
 
 2TPATI0TIKH. 
 
 (&ANAPH nOPTO. 
 
 MTSIA. 
 
 tpis niproi. 
 
 AriOS K02MA. 
 
 AriPA. 
 
 XABOSKH and BOIAIA2MENH. 
 BAPH. 
 
 AOMIIAPAH, or AAIKO. 
 ANACISTO. Anaphlyitus. 
 
 AHTPANA. 
 
 XAPAXA. 
 
 KABO ICOAONNA. 
 
 TA mrAAIA TOT TIASKIA. 
 nANOPMOS, or Agio Nicola. 
 nOPTOMANAPI. 
 
 0OPIKOS. Th0 
 
 TOTKO AIMNIONA. 
 
 AAS KAAIO. 
 
 KAKI ©AAASSA. 
 
 KOPOTrNH- 
 riOPTO PA<t>TH. 
 
 Between Trapizona and Draco are fome creeks! and on the promontory which projects mod is a 
 ruin of a round building, probably a temple. 
 
 Pyreum. For a particular defcription of this, fee the Chart. 
 
 Munychia. 
 
 The ancient Phalerum. 
 
 Alimusi 
 
 Patrocli Charax. 
 Sunium. 
 
 An ifland with fome ruins, formerly a monaftery. 
 
 
 g 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[ 1 ] 
 
 Of the \Temple of 'Thefeus. 
 
 T HE Travellers who have vifited the City of Athens, and the Authors who have defcribed its Anti¬ 
 quities, all agree, that this Doric Temple, one of the nobleft remains of its antient magnificence, 
 and at prefent the moft entire, was built in honour of Thefeus. This opinion is abundantly juftified by the 
 fculptures in fome of the metopes, for, mutilated as they are, it is evident feveral of the exploits of that 
 hero are there reprefented (a). 
 
 Nor can it be doubted, that this is the Temple which both Plutarch and Paufanias place near the 
 Gymnafium of Ptolemy (b ); great remains of that Gymnafium are yet {landing, and their fituation in 
 regard of this Temple agrees exadly with the information thofe authors have left us. 
 
 On what occafion Thefeus was thus honored, > we are taught by the above-mentioned authors. Plu¬ 
 tarch particularly, after recounting his heroic deeds, and the ingratitude of the fadious Athenians to¬ 
 wards him, with his banifliment and death, fays, “ In after-times, feveral motives concurring, the Athe- 
 “ nians honored him as a hero. Many of thofe who fought againft the Medes at Marathon imagined 
 “ they faw his apparition in complete armour, rufhing before them on the enemy. After the con- 
 “ clufion of the Median war, Ph$don being Archon, the Athenians confulting the Oracle, the Pythian 
 
 (a) We may therefore aflume this temple as a fixt and certain point, which 
 will determine the fituation not only of the Gymnafium of Ptolemy, but 
 alfo of the Poikile, and of the Agora; as I have remarked in the firft vo¬ 
 lume of this work, page 40, and attempted to illuflrate by a plan inferted 
 in the tail-piece of the laft chapter of that volume. 
 
 ( b ) Ka! K!~T«I i» jxfcrj tooXii to >S» yv^ibam, Plut. in Vit. Thefei. 
 And he lies interred in the middle of the city, near.the prefent Gymnafium. 
 
 ’Ey le 7 m yvji yafflw rri< xycfx; brtxpilt 00 tboXv, rtroXi^aioy Ja aaro too xalioxioao^iya xe.- 
 to/tirv, Xi'Ooi rt limn ‘EytxT, Stitt “1 •>’«“> nToZi^ia xal 0 ti AlSos ’ls£aj 
 
 iilaoda KtTrat . . . M tm 5*^vowl» ©a«*s ir» Paufan. Attic. C. xvii. p. 39. 
 Not far from the Agora is the Gymnafium, called from its founder the 
 Ptolemajum } in this arc placed Hermai of ftone, which deferve our no¬ 
 tice; here is alfo the brazen ftatue of Ptolemy, and that of Juba the Ly- 
 bian, &c. Near the Gymnafium is the Temple of Thefeus. 
 
 The following infeription found among the ruins of this Gymnafium, 
 feems to relate to thi^ ftatue of Ptolemy. 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 OAHMOS 
 
 BA2IAEAI1TOAEMAION BAZrAEfiSIOYBA 
 YION BAEIAES2EIITOAEMAIOY EKTONON 
 APETHE ENEKEN KAI EYNOIAS THE EAT 
 TOT. 
 
 The people 
 
 Have erefted this ftatue of king Ptolemy, 
 
 The fon of king Juba, the nephew of king 
 Ptolemy, on account of his virtues and 
 His good will towards them. 
 
 This Ptolemy was the fon of Juba the younger, and Cleopatra Selene, 
 a daughter of Anthony and Cleopatra. He could not be founder of the 
 Ptolemteum, becaufe it is mentioned by Cicero long before the birth of 
 Ptolemy the Lybian. See his treatife de fatbits, (Lib. v. j.) A Ptolemaio 
 Logi filio Conditum : Paufanias in Atticis (Nota) Ed. Olivet. 
 
 Prieftefs 
 
g Of the ‘Temple of Thefeus. 
 
 « Priefte’fs antWefed, that they fliould bring back the bones of Thefeus, depofit them honourably in 
 “ their city, and with a religious obfervance keep them there (a).” 
 
 This was accompliflied when Cymon the fon of Miltiades had conquered Scyros; there, after a di¬ 
 ligent fearch, he difcovered the venerable remains of the Hero, of fuperior ftature, with the brazen point 
 of a fpear, and a fword lying by him (thefe weapons in the heroic age were of brafs) ; and having em¬ 
 barked them on board his fhip, he carried them to Athens, where they were received by the citizens 
 with fplendid proceffions and facrifices, as if the Hero himfelf had returned to vifit them. His re¬ 
 mains were depofited in the middle of the city, near the prefent Gymnafium. 
 
 Nor was this all; feftivals were inftituted, and games celebrated, in honour of the event; and on 
 this occafion, as it has been generally fuppofed, happened that famous conteft between iEfchylus and So¬ 
 phocles, two competitors for dramatic glory, who fince that time, if we except Euripides, have hardly 
 either of them had a rival: the vidtory was adjudged to Sophocles, and his high-fpirited antagonift, un¬ 
 able to fupport the difgrace, or fubmit to the decifion of his Judges, left his country, and patted into 
 Sicily a voluntary exile. This was tranfaded, we are told by Plutarch, in the year that Aphepfion was 
 Archon (b), which the befl: authorities place in the fourth year of the feventy-feventh Olympiad, 467 
 before Chrift; that is, exadtly forty years before the death of Pericles, or precifely at the time when he 
 began to acquire popularity and power in Athens: fo that this Temple may well be accounted a work of 
 the age of Pericles. 
 
 It is built of Pentelic marble, and, in the language of Vitruvius, is a Peripteros, as will be particu¬ 
 larly explained in the remarks on Plate II. The principal front faces the Eaft; and the pediment of 
 that front appears to have been adorned, like thofe of the Parthenon, with figures of entire relief, fixed 
 in their places by cramps of metal; for on the face of this pediment remain feveral holes, in which the 
 ends of thofe cramps have been inferted, though the figures they fupported are all of them dellroyed. 
 
 On the metopes in this Eaftern front, are reprefented ten of the labours of Hercules; and on the four 
 metopes next that front, both on the Northern and Southern fides, are eight of the atchievements of 
 Thefeus. It will appear the lefs extraordinary, that the labours of Hercules fliould make fo confiderable 
 a part of the ornaments of this Temple, when we recoiled the refped and gratitude which Thefeus pro- 
 fefled to that Hero, who was his kinfman, had delivered him from a tedious captivity, and had reftored 
 him to his country ; on his return to which, he confecrated to Hercules all the places that the gratitude 
 of his citizens had formerly dedicated to himfelf, four only excepted ; and changed their names from 
 Thefea to Herculea (c). Nor could it be efteemed a flight compliment to Thefeus, when on building 
 
 this 
 
 (*) Plutarch, in the Life of Thefeus. 
 
 (b) Plutarch, Life of Cymon. 
 
 (c) Euy X w%iffcti)o< 31 t 3 Al'h/h's, Xt/8il,- o Bnmv; SvarfaSl fill ti( ris ’A;r,>K;, ySfav wot,- 
 
 Virnai TUT fi\ut it/13 xixfxhplrvt. ora npii* wfoTifo, abru tSj nlXioi; ijiTiBini;, 
 
 itra»1« KaOi/putri) 'H(okAu, ^ tofoinyojit/aio o iili 0iwi.'w>* 'H}xnAt~a, arXr>, T<arap»,. Plut. 
 in Vit. Thef. 
 
 Aidoneus granting the rcqucfl of Hercules, Thefeus was releafed from 
 prifon. He returned to Athens, where his friends (till retained fome au¬ 
 thority ; and there, whatever facred places the citizens had before alligned 
 him, he confecrated to Hercules all, except four, changing their names 
 from Thefea to Herculea. Plutarch in the Life of Thefeus. Euripides alfo, 
 in the tragedy of Hercules, relates this inftance of the gratitude of The¬ 
 feus ; he there introduces that hero addreffing Hercules in the following 
 manner: 
 
 V. 1322. &WCCS f*l» an fnXire-i, t 3 «o^s Xaji, 
 
 "£*•« S' eof*' opuV OTfo; sroAi fffia naTAaSoj. 
 
 Ao'fUif TI Sana/, Tt/iSt/llftf 
 
 *A S'ixmXili, S3f i X a, aiiaxj, VfHf 
 Alt S*1i Taagoi Kyitrra, raWW,. 
 
 So! toStcc Sira- w*,l* x 3 Si poi 
 TiyJin SiSasai* tuut iiro/roptra/hva 
 J'iSi, to Atlsrsi it 0/ilSi nixXorilai, 
 
 Z 3 » 1 oj* Sawilo; S’ iSr ccr (i; aStr 
 
 Qvmxitn, XaholTl T ifyxvpKtrt, 
 
 Obedient to the law, retire from Thebes, 
 
 And to the city patroniz’d by Pallas 
 Proceed with me; thy blood-polluted bands 
 There duly purified, thou (halt receive 
 From me a manfion, and fhalt (hare my wealth; 
 The gifts my country erft bellow’d on me. 
 
 For tnat in Crete, twice feven Athenian youths, 
 Death-doom’d, I fav’d, and flew the Minotaur, 
 Be thine s to me whatever facred and apart 
 The land contains, henceforth to thee be facred. 
 And bear thy name thou living ; but when dead. 
 And to the (hades below thou fhalt defeend. 
 With facrifice, and marbles high imboft 
 With coftly fculpture, all th’ Athenian State 
 Shall celebrate thy virtues, &c. 
 
 V. 1336. K iyx x i(„ troi t 5 i if*;,- ralifla; 
 
 To, S' ijliJira. 
 
 And I for my deliverance wrought by thee 
 Will thus my debt of gratitude repay. 
 
 
Of the Temple of Thefeus. j 
 
 this Temple to his honour, their labours were thus placed together. The remainder of the metopes, 
 and the pediment of the pofticus, or Weftern front, have never been adorned with fculptures. 
 
 It is now a church dedicated to St. George, for whom the prefent Athenians have as high a vene¬ 
 ration as their anceftors had for Thefeus; and to this we probably owe that it is not in a more ruinous 
 condition. It feems fcarcely worth mentioning, that Mr. Vernon, who vifited Athens in the year 1675 ( a ), 
 
 and 
 
 I apprehend that I may he thought to have mifinterpreted Euripides, 
 when I tranilated founm r'iloyinw^iby fculptured marbles ; I ihall endeavour 
 to apologize for my miftake, if it is one, by relating what occafioncd it. 
 
 In the ION Euripides takes notice of fome fculptures that adorned the front 
 of the Temple at Delphi, among others the battle of the Gods and Giants 
 is faid to be on ftone walls i* nfjpn Wimi. Thefe mult have been figures 
 in relievo, for of ftatues it cannot be faid they arc fculptured on ftone 
 walls, \ximei r ittyxipam, ftones fwelling or prominent might, I imagined, 
 by a metaphor, be employed to fignify alio relievos, fuch .as we fee in the 
 metopes of the Temple of Thefeus, reprefenting the labours of Hercules, 
 and to thefe I imagined the expselfion alluded. 
 
 This Temple was finifhed in the time of Euripides, when I fuppofe 
 him at leaft 16 years old ; for he was born the firft year of the 75th Olym¬ 
 piad ; and we cannot allow lefs than 5 years for the ere&ing this building, 
 and finilhing the paintings and fculptures which adorned it. Euripides, we 
 are told, began at a very early age to write tragedy ; thefe fculptures were 
 then new, and probably the beft that had been feen at that time} they 
 were doubtlefs univerfally admired by the Athenians, whofe vanity would 
 eagerly apply the flighteft fuggeftion that Ihould do honour to themfelves 
 and their Hero. The words in queftion, underftood as I have tranilated 
 them, would, I thought, make him a prophet, whofe promife they had 
 juft then compleatly fulfilled. The Hercules furens of Euripides, like the 
 fculpture of the Temple of Thefeus, celebrates unitedly the virtues of the 
 two Heroes. 
 
 (a) The following letter from Mr. Francis Vemon was written to the 
 publilhcr of the Philofophical Tranfaflions, giving a fhort account of fome 
 of his obfervations in his travels from Venice through Iftria, Dalmatia, 
 Greece, and the Archipelago, to Smyrna, from whence this letter was 
 dated January 10, 167J. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 I muft beg your excufe for not having written to you in fo long a fpace: 
 the little reft I have had, and the great unfettlednefs of my condition, is 
 the rcafon : neither have I now any great curiofities to impart to you; only 
 fome fmall circumftances of my journey I will run over. 
 
 From Venice I fet out with thofe gallies which carried their ambaffadour 
 that went for the Porte. We touched at moft of the confiderable towns of 
 Iftria and Dalmatia, by the way. In Iftria we faw Pola, an antient repub- 
 lick. There remains yet an Amphitheatre entire; it is of two orders of 
 Tufcan pillars, placed one over another, and the lower pillars Hand on pe- 
 dellals, which is not ordinary ; for commonly they have nothing but their 
 bafes to fupport them. There is likewife a Temple dedicated to Rome 
 and Auguftus ; a triumphal arch built by a lady of the family of the Sergii 
 in honor of fome of her kindred, which commanded in thefe countries; 
 befides fevcral inferiptions and ancient monuments which are in divers parts 
 of the town. 
 
 Four miles from Spalatro is Salona, which lhews the ruins of a great 
 town. About as much farther from Salona ftands Clifla, upon a rocky hill, 
 an eminent fortrefs of the Venetians, which is here the frontier againft the 
 Turk: from whence they repulfed him in their late wars with great ho¬ 
 nour. I was at Lefina, where is nothing very remarkable; but Biondi, who 
 has written our Englilh hiftory, was of it. Trau is ancient, and hath 
 good marks of its being fo. Here I fpoke with Dodtor Stafileo, who put 
 out that fragment of Petronius Arbiter ; and I faw his mahufeript. 
 
 I was in the harbour of Ragufi, but not in the town, becaufe we made 
 no flay there. From hence we paffed the gulf of Budua, and faw the moun¬ 
 tains of Antivari, the plain of Durazzo, and Apollonia, and came to 
 Saflino, a fmall ifland, from whence we could fee the town of Valona, and 
 the mountains Acroceraunii, which are very near, and are now called 
 mountains of Chimasra. I ftaid a fortnight in Corfu, and had time to 
 view all that was confiderable in the ifland, particularly the gardens of Al- 
 cinous, that is the place where they are fuppofed to have been, now called 
 Chryfida, a moft delicious fituation: the ancient port now called N<«fo- 
 SxXaQea, and fcveral foundations of antient fabricks. In Zante I was like¬ 
 wife a fortnight, where I faw but little of antiquity; what is modern is 
 very flourilhing, and the ifland rich and plentiful. 
 
 I went from Zante to Patrafs, a town in Achaia of good note among the 
 ancients. Near it is a great mountain, mentioned by Homer by the name 
 of Petra Olenia. In the town are fevcral maflive ruins, which few there 
 know how to give any account of. There are the remains of a large church, 
 dedicated to St. Andrea, who they fay was martyred there This is the firft 
 town I faw on the continent of Greece. The plain about it is very fruit¬ 
 ful, full of fprings and rivulets; finely wooded with olive trees, cyprefles, 
 orange and lemon trees. The citrons here are counted among the beft of 
 the Turkilh empire, and are fent for prefents to Conftant'mople. So are 
 all their fruit in very good efteem. 
 
 In Athens I have fpent two months. Next to Rome I judge it the moft 
 worthy to be feen for antiquities of any I have yet been at. The Temple 
 of Minerva is as entire as the Rotunda. I was three times in it, and took 
 all the dimenfions, with what exa&nefs I could ; but it is difficult, be¬ 
 caufe the caftle of Athens, in which it ftands, is agzrrifon, and the Turks 
 are jealous, and brutifhly barbarous, if they take notice that any mcafure it. 
 The length of the cella, or body of the Temple without fide is 1681 feet 
 The breadth 71J Englilh. 
 Thefe meafures you may rely on as exa£t to 4 a foot. 
 
 The portico of the Dorique order, which runs round it, hath 8 pillars in 
 front, and 17 on thefides; the length of the portico is 230 feet Englilh. 
 I have taken all the dimenfions within, with thofe of the <*{«*>{ and por¬ 
 ticos ; but they are too long for a letter. The fufie or Ihaft of the pillars 
 is 19 4 feet in circumference. The intercolumnium 14 of the diameter 
 of the pillars. 
 
 In Dalmatia I faw Zahara, which is now the metropolis of the country. 
 
 ' It was anciently called Jadera. It is now very well fortified, being cn- 
 compaffed on three fides with the fea, and that part which is towards the 
 land extremely advantaged by all the contrivances of art, having a caftle 
 and a rampart of very lofty baftions to guard it. I found here fevcral antient 
 inferiptions by me copied, which will not find room in the corapafs of a 
 letter. We paffed in fight of Zebenico, and faw three forts, which belong 
 to the town, St. Nichola, St. Gioanni, and la Tortezza Vcccliia, but we went 
 not alhore. That which is worth feeing in Dalmatia, is Spalatro; where 
 is Diodefian’s Palace, a vaft and ftupendous fkbrick, in which he made his 
 refidencc when he retreated from the empire. It is as big as the whole 
 town: for the whole town is indeed patched up out of its rums, and is 
 
 Paid by feme to take it. » from it. Th= building . .bum .. 
 
 „i,l,ta it m entire Temple of Jupiter, etgl.t fquate, w.th noble Porphyne 
 pillars and eornice, worth an, bod,’, admiration. There ,s a court before 
 L adorned with /Egyptian pillars of that done died Pyroporerlo , and a 
 Temple under it, now dedicated to S». Luc, , and up and down the town 
 fcveral fragments of annuity, will, infer.ptrons and other things, worth 
 taking notice of. 
 
 The Temple of Thefeus is likewife entire; but Vis much lefs, though 
 built after the fame model: the length of its cella is but 73 feet, the breadth 
 26. The whole length of the portico which goes round it, 123 feet. ’Tis 
 a Dorique building, as is that of the Minerva. Both of them are of white 
 marble. About the cornice on the outfide of the Temple of Minerva is a 
 bajp releivo of men on horfeback, others in chariots ; and a whole pro- 
 ceffion of people going to a facrifice, of a very curious fculpture. On the 
 front is a hiftory of the birth of Minerva. 
 
 In the Temple of Thefeus on the front within fide the portico , at the 
 Weft end, is the battle of the Centauri; and at the Ealt end feems to be 
 a continuation of that hiftory ; but there are fcveral figures of women, 
 which feem to be Pirithous’s bride ; at thofe other, ladies which were at 
 the wedding. On the outfide the portico, in the fpaces between the Trig- 
 lyphi are feveral of the proweffes of Thefeus, moft in wreftling with fe- 
 veral ’perfons, in which he excelled : all his pollutes and looks are expreffed 
 with great art. Others are monfters, which he is made encountering with, 
 as the bull of Marathon, the boar of Calydon, &c. 
 
 There 
 
 1 
 
4 Of the Temple of ThefeuS. 
 
 and Dr. Spon, with Sir George Wheler, who came there early in the following year, hate written 
 
 their 
 
 There i> > Tenple of Hereele., s round fkbriek; only fin feet diameter, a very fcong eafile, fortified by the Turta, and ia the belt port in all the 
 neat areh,tea«re. The pillar, are of the Corinthian order, which fop- More,. Alpha* ia much the bell river, and the deepe* and with great 
 porta an architrave and Mae, wherein are done in rale™ the Ubonra of reafon extolled by all the ancient poet., and ehofen for the feat of the 
 o.,.u .....v .a Olympick gamea; for it is very pleafant. The plains of Elis arc very goodly 
 
 Hercules. • The top is but one ftone, wrought like a (hield, with a flower 
 on the outfide, which rifeth like a plume of feathers. 
 
 and large, fit to breed liorfes in, and for hunting ; but not fo fruitful as 
 Argos and Meflene, which are all riches. The belt woods I faw in Pelo- 
 ponnefus, are thofe of Achaia, abounding with pints and wild pear, the 
 Ilex and Efculus trees ; and where there runs water, with plane trees. 
 
 There is yet Handing the tower of Andronicus Cyrrhcftes, which is an 
 oilogon, with the figures of 8 winds, which are large and of good work- 
 manfhip, and the names of the winds remain legible in fair Greek cha¬ 
 rters (where a houfe, which is built againft it on one fide, does not Arcadia is a very goodly champain, and full of cattle, but is all eti- 
 htnder) as •«<*•*« Ofct, &<(•.. Ofe* each wind placed againft its compafled with hills, which are very good and unhewn. Lcpanto is very 
 quarter in the heavens; and the roof is made of little planks of marble, pleafantly fituated on the gulf, which runs up as far as Corinth; and 
 it bottom, and which all meet in a point at top, and make an obtufe without the town is one of the fineft fountains 1 faw it 
 
 
 pyramid of fome 32 or 36 fides. 
 
 There is a delicate Temple of the Ionique order in the caftle ; whether 
 of Pandrofus, or of whom, I cannot tell; but the work was moft fine, 
 and all the ornaments moft accurately engraven; the length of this Tempi, 
 was 67 
 
 Breadth 
 
 67) 
 I138 J 
 
 feet 
 
 Thefe pillars which remain of a portico of the Emperor Adrian, are very 
 flately and noble; they are of the Corinthian order, and above 52 feet in 
 height, and igi in circumference; they are canellate ; and there are now 
 Handing feventeen of them, with part of their cornice on the top. The 
 building to which they belonged, I meafured the area of, as near as I could 
 conjcfture, and found it near a thoufand feet in length; and about fix hun¬ 
 dred and eighty in breadth. 
 
 Without the town, the bridge over the Iliflus hath three arches, of folid 
 ftone work: the middlemoft is near 20 feet broad. There is the Jladium 
 yet to be feen, whofe length I meafured, and found it 630 feet, near to 
 what the precife meafure of a ftadium ought to be, viz. 625. 
 
 Towards the fouthern wall of the caftle there 
 theatre of Bacchus, with die portico of Eumenes, which h 
 femi-diametcr, which is the right fine of the demi-circle which make's the 
 theatre, is about 150 feet. The whole body of the feene, 256. Monf. 
 De la GuillMere, in that book he hath written of Athens, hath made a 
 cut of a theatre, which he calls that of Bacchus, which is a mere fancy 
 and invention of his own, nothing like the natural one; which, by the plan 
 he has drawn of the town, I judge he did not know. I give you this one 
 point, that you may not be deceived by that book, which is wide from 
 truth ; as will appear to any body who ftes the reality, though to one who 
 hath not feen it, it feems plaufibly written. I have dwelt long on Athens, 
 but yet have faid nothing. This town deferves a whole book to difeourfe 
 of it well, which now I have neither time nor room to do; but I have 
 memorials by me of all I faw; which one day, if it pleafe God, I may 
 
 it the town is one of the fineft fountains 1 faw in Greece, very rich 
 is of water, and (haded with huge plane trees ; not inferior in any 
 thing to the fpring of Caftalia on Mount Parnaflus, which runs through 
 Delphos, excepting this, that one was ehofen by the Mufcs, and the other 
 not; and poetical fancies have given immortality to the one, and never 
 mentioned the other. 
 
 Delphos itfclf is very ftrangcly fituated on a rugged hill, to which you 
 have an afeent of fome two or three leagues; and yet that is not a quarter 
 of the way to come up to the pique of Parnaflus, on the fide of which hill 
 it Hands. It feems very barren to the eye, but the fruits are very good 
 where there are any. The wines are excellent, and the plants and fimples 
 which are found there, very fragrant, and of great efficacy. 
 
 About Lcbadia, and all through Bceotia, the plains are very fertile, and 
 make amends for the barrennefs of the hills which encompafs them j but 
 in winter they are apt to be overflown for that reafon, and to be turned 
 into lakes ; which renders the Boeotian air very thick, and fo were their 
 (kulls too, if the ancients may be believed concerning them; though Pin¬ 
 dar, who was one that fublimated poetry to its higheft exaltation, and is 
 much fancied and imitated in our age, as he was admired in his own, was 
 the remains of the born there: and Amphion, who was faid to be fo divine in his mufic 
 that he raviffied the very (tones, had (kill enough to entice them to make 
 up the walls of Thebes; fo that not every thing that is born in a dull air 
 is dull. 
 
 
 Thebes ii 
 
 t large t 
 
 m, but I found few antiquities in it, excepting 
 
 Thefe vales I found much planted with cotton, and fefamum, and cummin, of 
 which they make a great profit and a great trade at Thebes and Lcbadia. I 
 went from Thebes into the ifland of Eubcea, or Negroponte, and faw the 
 Euripus, which ebbs and flows much after the nature of our tides ; only the 
 moon, and fometimes the winds, make it irregular. The channel, which runs 
 between the town and a caftle, which (lands in an ifland over againft it, is 
 fome fifty feet broad ; and there are three mills on it, which fliew all 'the 
 changes and varieties that happen in the current. Near the Euripus, and 
 oppofite to the town, they (hew a port which they fay was Aulis, and it 
 is not improbable, for it mud be thereabouts. Between Negroponte and 
 Athens is a high hill called , formerly very dangerous, but 
 
 guarded by Albanefes: it is part of Mount Parnafie; and 1 
 
 fome inferiptions and fragments of an old wall, and one gate, which'they tiic left l,and lies M ° u «t Pentelicus, from whence the Athenians anciently 
 fay was left by Alexander, when he demolilhed the reft. It is about fome fetched *eir (lone, and now there is a convent of Caloieris there, one of the 
 
 fifty miles diftant from Athens, as I judge. 
 
 Corinth is two days diftant: the caftle of’A.fox^t j s (landing, which 
 is very large. The main of the town is demolilhed ; and the houfes, which 
 now are, fcattered and a great diftance from one another. 
 
 So is Argos, which to go round would be fome four or five miles, as the 
 houfes now Hand ; but if they Hood together, they would fcarcely exceed a 
 good village. Napolo della Rumilia is a large town, and full of inhabi¬ 
 tants, and the Baflia of the Morea refidcs there; it is but very few leagues 
 diftant from Argos. 
 
 Sparta is quite forfaken ; Meftra is the town which is inhabited, four 
 miles diftant from it. But one fees great ruins thereabouts; almoft all the 
 walls, feveral towers, and foundations of temples, with pillars and chapitres, 
 demplilhed : a theatre pretty entire. It might have been anciently fome 
 five miles in compafs : and about a quarter of a mile diftant from the river 
 Eurotus. The plain of Sparta and Laconia is very fruitful, and long, and 
 well watered. It will be about eighty miles in length, as I judge. The 
 mountains on the Weft fide of it are very high, the higheft I have yet 
 feen in Greece ; the Maniotcs inhabit them. But the plain of Calamatta, 
 which anciently was that of Meflene, feems rather richer. Coronc is very 
 abundant in olives. Navarino, which is efteemed the ancient Pylos, hath 
 
 richeft in all Greece. 
 
 In going from Athens byfea, I embarked in a port which lies juft by 
 Munich ia : that which they call Porto Pyrseo lies behind it a mile diftant, 
 which is a large port, able to contain 500 veflels. There are the ruins of 
 the town yet remaining, and of the walls, which joined it to the city of 
 Athens. I failed by Porto Phalero, the ancient haven of Athens, which . 
 is rather a road than a port. I faw an ifland called px.C-t, where the Athe¬ 
 nians had anciently mines. I went afhorc on the promontory of Suniura 
 to view the remains of the temple of Minerva, which is on it. Hence I 
 failed among the Hies of the Archipelago, Macronefia, Thermia, Ser- 
 phanto, Syphanto, till I came to Melo. From Melo I failed through the 
 Cycladis to come hither. I palled by Andros, Tenos, Mycone, Delos • 
 Naxia and Paros I faw at a diftance. We failed near the Northern cape 
 of Sio, and the Southern of Mytelene or Lelbos, and fo came into the 
 Gulph of Smyrna. Within this Gulph (lands Burla, near fome fmall 
 1 (lands, which is judged to be the ancient Clazomeme ; Foja, which is the 
 fame with the ancient Phoccea : near this the river Hernius difeharges it- 
 felf into this Gulph. 
 
 In this my journey I had fome mifadventures. My companion Sir Giles 
 Eaftcourt died by the way. At fea I was plundered by .he Scrphiotes, 
 where I loft all my letters, and yours among the reft, which you fent to 
 
Of the Temple of Thefeut. 
 
 their names on the wall within this Temple j their example has been followed by feveral other travel¬ 
 lers of diftinSion (<j). 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 A View of the Temple of Thefeus■. 
 
 On the foreground are Albanian hufbandmen winnowing corn, which is done by lightly tolling Up 
 the grain, when the Etefian wind blows away the chaff. A Turkifh fervant, accompanied by his maf- 
 ter’s fon, is giving orders to them. The kind of temporary Ihed, under which an Albanian with his 
 wife and children are fitting, continues to be called by its ancient name a half be. Thefe Albanians 
 are the hufbandmen of Greece; are generally Chriftians of the Greek ritual; and fpeak a peculiar lan¬ 
 guage. The ground on the northern fide of the temple has been wafhed away, and a confiderable part 
 of the foundation appears. The more diftant mountain on the right hand is the Eaftern extremity of 
 Hymettus, that part of it is now called Lecon-oros and Kfnegos. The fharp-pointed conical hill near 
 the temple is Anchefmus. On the left is a mountainous tratft, riling to no great height, nearly in the 
 middle of the Meflogeia, or plain that furrounds Athens; it is now called Turco-bouno, and was per¬ 
 haps the Brilelfus of the ancients. At the foot of this, towards the North, the river Cephilfus runs 
 through a very pleafant village, called Patilfa; this was formerly, if we may believe the tradition of the 
 country, the fituation of the ancient academy: the two diftant cyprefs trees, which are feen between 
 the poles of the kaly be, grow in this village, and mark its fituation. On the left is part of Mount 
 Parnes, now called Chalha, near the eaftern extremity of which is Chorio Eledio, anciently Decelia (b)> 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 The Plan of ibis Temple. 
 
 The Vitruvian defcription of a Peripteros is here fully exemplified (c) j it has a portico of fix co¬ 
 lumns in each front, and on each fide a range of eleven columns, exclufive indeed of the columns on 
 the angles, a particular in which, it has been before obferved, the Greeks differed from the Romans, 
 who, as Vitruvius dire&s, included the columns on the angles in the number eleven. The diftance 
 of thefe lateral columns from the wall of the cell, is here fomewhat more than the fpace of one in- 
 tercolumniation; they conned the two porticos, and, by that means, complete a covered walk quite 
 round the cell of the temple. 
 
 A A. The porticos. 
 
 B. The pronaos, or anti-temple; 
 
 my Lord Ambafladour at Conftantinople, and Conful Rycaut, whom I 
 find here a very civil and knowing gentleman ; and I am much obliged to 
 him for his favours. I have been as curious as I could in taking the lati¬ 
 tudes of fomc remarkable places : as I find them I fhall give them you : 
 
 Athens, 38 $ 
 Corinth, 38 14. 
 Sparta, 37 10 
 Corane, 37 2 
 
 Patras, 38 40 
 
 Delpho*, 38 50 
 
 Thebes, 38 22 
 
 Ncgroponte, or Chalcis, 38 31 
 
 I defire you to prefent my humble fervices to the Gentlemen of the Royal 
 Society. I am, &c. 
 
 (a) The prefent (late of this temple is as follows The cell is enclofed 
 at the Eaftern end by a modern wall, as exprefled by the dotted lines, 
 within which is the altar. The Weft door is walled up, and the prefent 
 entrance is through a very fmall modern door. (Sec the plan, letter H, 
 on the South fide of the cell). The roof is a femicircular vault, in which 
 fmall openings are left for light; this is probably of the fame date as the 
 enclofure of the Eaftern end. The fitc of the wall c c is very apparent, 
 and fome ftones projeft from the fide walls, which formed part of it. 
 
 Mr. Stuart has, in a memorandum, alluded to the above ftate of the 
 temple, as follows in a defcription of the column, with inferiptions, in 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 the temple of Thefeus, now the church of St. George, in Athens. The 
 inferiptions may be feen in the fecond part of the work publilhed by Dr, 
 Chandler, p. 60, 61, 62, 63. 
 
 The door belonging to the poftlcus, dr weft end of the ancicrif temple, 
 is flopped up with dirt and fragments of marble ; among them was the co¬ 
 lumn on which the above referred-to inferiptions are engraved, one only 
 was then vifible; but, about ten years ago, a Turk broke through this 
 door in order to rob the church; among other ftones which he difplaccd, 
 was the marble inqueftion, all the inferiptions of which arc noW accefliblej 
 by Wheeler’s account, it feems, in his time, td have fupported the tra- 
 pezon, or altar, fituated in the tribune at the Eaft end of the aforefaid 
 church. There are four inferiptions on this column, one of which is fo 
 ruined as not to be legible. 
 
 ( 6 ) Since the defcription of Plate I. was written by Mr. Stuart, a flight 
 wall, about eight feet high, has been built entirely round the city; this 
 wall, in the prefent view, palles between the group of figures with the 
 kaly'be and the temple, fo as to obftruft the view of it from the fpot from 
 whence he drew it. The door ferving for the entrance of the temple, at 
 prefent marked H in Plate 11. is fecit clearly in this view. 
 
 (e) Peripteros autem erit. See Gallianis Vitruvius. Vitruv. Lib. III. 
 Ch. I. p. 100. 
 
 C a a. 
 
6 
 
 a a. 
 
 The anta*. 
 
 Of the Temple of Thefeus . 
 
 b b. The columns that feparated the portico from the pronaos. Thefe have been demoliftted, 
 but the circles marked in the pavement determine their lituation and fize. 
 
 c c. The wall which feparated the pronaos from the cell of the temple. See Note (a), p. 5. 
 
 C. The cell or naos of the temple. 
 
 D. The pofticum. 
 
 E E. The pteromata, or wings. 
 
 This temple Hands nearly Eaft and Weft, and on the pavement of the portico a line is cut, which 
 feems to have been intended for a meridian. I difcovered it too late, being obliged to quit Athens 
 before I could make the neceflary obfervations for determining the degree of accuracy with which it 
 is drawn. In the plan I have inferted it partly from recolledion, that fuch future travellers as may 
 wifh to beftow fome diligence on this fubjedt, may be able the more readily to find it (a). 
 
 PLATE III* 
 
 The elevation of the eaftern front. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 Tranfverfe fedion of the Eaftern portico. Here the front columns are removed to fhew the anta! 
 and columns of the pronaos with its frize, the diftribution of the beams of the cielings of the La- 
 cunaria. 
 
 The fculpture on the frize over the anta: of the pronaos. Here we fee reprefented a battle and a 
 vidory. It feems an adion of great importance, for it is honoured with the prefence of fix divinities, 
 three of whom, though fomewhat defaced, are yet to be diftinguifhed for Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. 
 It is not eafy to decide who are the divinities reprefented in the other groupe ; amongft the combatants^ 
 there is one of fuperior dignity, more vigorous exertion, and more ample ftature; a robe trails behind 
 him ; he hurls a ftone of prodigious fize at his adverfaries. May it not reprefent the phantom of The¬ 
 feus, rulhing impetuoufly on the Perfians at the battle of Marathon ? His miraculous apparition there 
 was firmly believed by the Athenians, and was one inducement to their building this temple. The 
 vidory of Marathon was certainly one of the moft glorious atchievements of the Athenians; and there 
 is a fort of modefty and piety in their attributing, as here they appear to do, this amazing vidlory rather 
 to the protedion of the gods, and the afliftance of their hero, than to their own valour. The laft figure 
 has evidently been employed in erediing a trophy. 
 
 The fculpture on the frize over the ante of the pofticus. This reprefents the battle of the Centaurs 
 and Lapiths. Amongft the combatants, one hero alone has thrown a centaur to the ground, and is in 
 the ad of killing him. This hero I fuppofe to be Thefeus. In the middle of this piece of fculpture 
 is Caneus, who, invulnerable by weapons, is overwhelmed by a huge piece of rock, with which two 
 Centaurs are about to crulh him. This circumftance is introduced by Ovid, in the defcription he makes 
 Neftor give of the Centaurs and Lapithae. Metam. L. XII. & 506. 
 
 [a) This line is diftinguilhed by the letters F. G. alio be fohigh as to caufe the lhadow of the entablature to cover the greateft 
 
 part of it. 
 
 Mr. Revett agrees with Mr. Reveley in thinking that this could not pof- Mr. Reveley has added this line from the defcription given him by 
 fibly be a meridian line, becaufe the fun never could fhine on the fpot Mr. Revolt: for though Mr. Stuart had written the above defcription, the 
 where it is, being in the lhadow of the columns : the fun at noon would i; nc was neither exprelTed in the drawing, nor on the plate. 
 
 PLATE 
 
Of the Temple of Thefeus. 
 
 7 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 Longitudinal fedtion of the Eaftem portico and pronaos. 
 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 Fig. i. The capital and entablature of the columns of the portico, with the metope of the North 
 Eaft angle. 
 
 Fig. 2. The foffit of the corona, and of the mutules, with the diftribution of their gutfce. The 
 
 j. - Inch ' Feet Inch ' 
 
 diameters of the columns vary from 3 : 3 : 35, to 3 : 3 : 65. 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 The capital and bale of one of the ants; feflion of the entablature over the Columns and ante of 
 the pronaos and pofticum, and the feet ion of the cornice of the pediment. 
 
 A. Capital of the antze on a larger feale. 
 
 B. Sedtion of the cornice of the pediment. 
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 Fig. i. The fedtion of the entablature and lacunaria, with the mouldings, and part of the baffo re¬ 
 lievo on the front of the pronaos. 
 
 Fig. 2. The plan of the foffit and lacunaria. 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 A. Profile of the capital on a large feale. 
 
 B. Profile of the annulets full fize. 
 
 C. The flutings of the columns full fize, with the manner of deferibing them, viz. divide the chord 
 a b into five parts; from the chord fet off the depth of the fluting inward 0:1:1, as at d; eredt a 
 perpendicular on the center of the chord, on which fet off the diftance 6 : £ from k to e ; from e draw 
 the lines e f and e g, which are the boundaries of the central fegment f d g drawn with the radius 
 e k; divide the lines e f and e g into three parts each, and from the centers h and i fo found, com- 
 pleat the curve by drawing the fegments a f and g b. 
 
 D and E. The ornaments painted in the foffit of the lacunaria. 
 
 F. The manner of deferibing the ornament marked E. The diftance between the circles is found 
 by the angles of the bafe of an ifofceles triangle at the center of one circle, and at the point of bi- 
 fedtion at the periphery of the other. 
 
 Operation. 
 
 DA. The diameter of the circle. 
 
 A B. Ditto. 
 
 D. The central point. 
 
 
8 
 
 8 Of the Temple of Thefeus. 
 
 B. The point in the periphery from which are defcribed with the circles diameters, the arcs inter¬ 
 fering each other in tire parallel lines. 
 
 PLATE X. 
 
 Half the flank, and half the longitudinal fe&ion of the temple. 
 
 PLATE XI. 
 
 Six of the metopes in the Eaftern front, Fig. i. being in Southern angle, the reft follow in their pro¬ 
 per order. 
 
 Fig. i. Hercules and the Nemean lion. 
 
 Fig. 2. Hercules and Iolaus deftroying the hydra. 
 
 Fig. 3. Hercules and the Arcadian flag. 
 
 Fig. 4. Hercules taming the Cretan bull. 
 
 Fig. 5. Hercules with the horfe of Diomede. 
 
 Fig. 6. Hercules with Cerberus. 
 
 PLATE XII. 
 
 Four of the metopes on the South fide; Fig. 7 being that in the Eaftern angle, the reft follow in 
 their proper order. 
 
 Fig. 7. Thefeus deftroying the minotaur. 
 
 Fig. 8. Thefeus with the bull of Marathon (a). 
 
 Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. Thefe, as well as thofe which follow, of which no defcriptions are given, is 
 too much ruined to difcover what the fubjedts are. 
 
 PLATE XIII. 
 
 Poor of the metopes on the North fide, Fig. n being that in the Eaftern angle, the reft follow 
 according to their numbers. 
 
 Fig. ix. Thefeus kills Creon, king of Thebes. 
 
 Fig. 12. Hercules kills Antheus. 
 
 Fiw. 13. Thefeus overcoming Skiron (b). 
 
 Fig. 14. Thefeus killing the Crommian fow, 
 
 PLATE XIV. 
 
 Four of the metopes in the Eaftern front, fucceeding in proper order thofe in Plate io, that numbered 
 18 being in the Northern angle. 
 
 Fig. 15. Ruined baflo relievo. 
 
 (a) After his arrival at Athens he took the bull of Marathon and drove {l) He threw the robber Skiron headlong from the rock into the fca. 
 him into the city. p* 
 
 3 
 
Of the Temple of Thefeus. 
 
 Fig. 16. Hercules with the girdle of Hippolita. 
 
 Fig. 17. 
 
 Fig. 18. Hercules taking the golden apples from the garden of the Hefperides. 
 
 PLATES XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX. 
 
 The fculpture in the frieze of the pronaos j here we fee reprefented a battle and a victory. It feems 
 an action of great importance, for it is honoured with the prefence of fix Divinities, three of whom, 
 though fomewhat defaced, are yet to be diftinguilhed for Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva ; it is not fo 
 eafy to decide who are the Divinities in the other groupe. Amongft the combatants, there is one of 
 fuperior dignity, more vigorous exertion, and more ample ftature; a robe trails behind him ; he hurls a 
 ftone of prodigious fize at his adverfaries. May it not reprefent the phantom of Thefeus, rufhing impe- 
 tuoufly upon the Perfians at the battle of Marathon ? His miraculous apparition, on that memorable 
 occaficm, was firmly believed by the Athenians, and was one inducement to their building this Temple. 
 The vidtory at Marathon was certainly one of their moft glorious atchievements ; and there is a kind of 
 modefty and piety in attributing (as here they appear to do) this amazing vidtory to the prote&ion of 
 the gods, and the afliftance of their hero, rather than to their own valour. The laft figure has evi¬ 
 dently been employed in eredting a trophy. 
 
 It may be proper to obferve, that the fculpture on this temple is very fine and much relieved, the 
 limbs being in many places entirely detached, which is perhaps one reafon that they are fo much da¬ 
 maged. 
 
 PLATES XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV. 
 
 The fculpture on the frieze of the pofticus, reprefenting the battle of the Centaurs and Lapithai. 
 Among the combatants one hero only has thrown a Centaur on the ground, and is in the adt of killing 
 him. This hero I fuppofe to be Thefeus. In the center of this frieze is Cameus, who, being in¬ 
 vulnerable by weapons, is overwhelmed by a huge piece of rock, with which two Centaurs are about to 
 crufli him ; this circumftance is introduced by Ovid in the defcription which he makes Neftor give of 
 the battle of the Centaurs and Lapithae. 
 
 Vol. III. 
 
 D 
 
 The 
 


VoUir.CkatJ.FlV 
 



C ONCERNING this antiquity, I have already twice on different occafions offered fome re¬ 
 marks; once in the fifth chapter of the firft volume; where it appeared neceffary to refute an 
 opinion advanced-by Wheler and Spon, who, conceiving the Temple of Jupiter Olympius flood 
 northward of the Acropolis, have miilaken the ruin of a building, which they found in that fitua- 
 tion, for the remains of that once moil magnificent temple. 
 
 Some remarks on it again occur in the firft chapter of the fecond volume, intended to Correa a 
 miftake I had made in the aforementioned fifth chapter; where, m common with other com¬ 
 mentators on Vitruvius, I had fuppofed the Odtaftyle Hyptethros temple of Jupiter Olympius, 
 mentioned in the obfcure paffage there quoted from him (a), refers to the Olymp.um at Athens: 
 thus Barbara, Perrault, and even Galliani, with others, have tranflated this paffage; nor indeed 
 do I remember to have feen it any where underftood in the fenfe I have ventured to aflign it, by 
 fuppofing the Odtaftyle Hypmthros of Jupiter Olympius, he there inftances, to relate, not to any 
 temple in Athens, but to the celebrated temple of Jupiter at Olympia in the territory of Elis; a 
 temple, which, from the dimenfions Paufanias has given of it, appears evidently to have had no 
 mote than eight columns in front, and to have been precifely of the fame afpefl with the Parthenon 
 in the Acropolis of Athens. As I have not yet perhaps produced fufficient authorities in fupport of 
 this opinion, I may remark that the Parthenon at Athens, and the Olympic temple in Elis, are 
 dercribed the firft by Wheler, and the fecond by Paufanias, with a more ample enumerat.on of 
 particulars than is ufual with thofe writers. Wheler’s account has been already given in 
 he firft chapter of the fecond volume; and fince, as I have been told, that there is not an 
 Englifh translation of Paufanias, I fhall give an abftraft of that author s defcript.on of the Olympic 
 temple ; that the reader may the better compare the relations, and judge of the fimilanty which p- 
 
 W H >P =e,b,o, « ^ “ 
 
 am tub,. diptero ,, fed mtertore pi “ h „ fcrai „ p afr. E = I0U „d the temple, n in tb. portico 
 
 pliers, . PM. Id circuitio,™, ***£r£Z T^lZ b. "be middle i s£5 » *d *. - -= *— 
 
 dium autem tub divo eft fine tedto: aditutjoe ,jlrarnm q P i, by door, in each front. Of thi, fpeeie. of temple ibere s no 
 
 pronao et portico. Hujus autem exemplar Roms non , . ^ Rome . bul lhere is at Athens an oflaftyle, and in the temple of 
 
 odlaftyies, « in «n, P lo J.vi, Olympia Vi,. L. III. c. >. 
 
 The Hyprethror i, decaltylo in the pronao, ud in the poBien,, (there 
 being ten column, in each front); in all other particulars ,1the fame 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
12 
 
 Of the Temple of Jupiter Olympius. 
 
 pofe fubfifted in the aipefils of thefe two temples. Paufanias (a) begins by informing us, that “ The 
 “ expence of erecting the temple and ftatue of Jupiter was defrayed by the ipoils which were taken 
 41 at the time the Eleans deftroyed Pifa, and the neighbouring places confederated in their revolt. 
 *" * hat Phidias was the art iff who made the ftatue, the infcription at the feet of Jupiter teflifies in 
 “ thef e words: PHIDIAS, THE SON OF CHARMiDES, AN ATHENIAN, MADE ME. The 
 “ temple is of Doric architecture; on the outfide it is a periftyle, or encompalfed about with co- 
 44 lumns; it is built of the Hone of the country; the height to the pediment is 68 feet, its breadth 
 * * s 95 > and its length 230; it is not covered with tiles of baked earth, but with Pentelic marble, 
 “ cut fo as t0 referable tiles. On each extremity of the roof is placed a gilt vafe; on the point of 
 44 the pediment Rands a figure of Victory, which is likewise gilt; and beneath it is a golden Ihield, 
 44 on which is reprefented Medufa the Gorgon; the infcription on it fhews who they were that 
 44 made this offering, and on what occalion it was made. 
 
 “ The fculpture in the front pediment reprefents Pelops, about to contend with rEnomaus in the 
 44 chariot race, and the neceffary preparations for it are making by both parties; in the middle is 
 44 the figure of Jupiter; on the right of Jupiter is placed rEnomaus with a helmet on his head; 
 “ hlm ftands h,s Wlfe Sterope, one of the daughters of Atlas; Myrtilus, who condufled the cha- 
 “ riot of rEnomaus, fits before the horfes, which are four in number; near them are two men, 
 44 whole names are not infcribed there; they feem to be two grooms belonging to kEnomaus: near 
 “ thefe bes aIon f> in the an g ,e °f the pediment the river Cladeus, which, next after the Alpheus 
 44 the Eleans have in the highefl veneration. On the left of Jupiter are Pelops and Hippodamia,’ 
 44 and the charioteer of Pelops, and the horfes, with two men, the grooms of Pelops; the pedi- 
 “ ™™‘ then contrai!!s towards the angle into a narrower fpace, and in this fpace is figured the 
 Alpheus. The fculpture in the front pediment is the work of Pceonius of Mende, a city of Thrace. 
 44 That of the back front is the work of Alcamenes, a fculptor, and contemporary with Phidias 
 and inferior to h,m alone in the excellency of his art. In this pediment is reprefented the cony 
 44 bat of the Lapithas with the Centaurs, at the nuptials of Perithous; in the middle of the pedi- 
 * ls Perithous; next him on one fide is Eurytion the Centaur, who has carried off the bride 
 44 and Oaeneus affifling Perithous. Thefeus on the other fide is, with a pole-ax, dealing deftruSion 
 among!! the Centaurs, one of whom has feized a lovely virgin, and another a beautiful youth. 
 
 Many of the labours of Hercules are reprefented here. Upon (i) the gates, through 
 ^ which you enter the temple, are wrought, rft, his chafing the Erymanthian boar; ad 
 „ hl !, C . 0mbat Wllh D,omedc ° f Thrace, and 3 d, in the ifland Erythma with Gerion . 
 „ 4 . ’ re f Ce ' Vlng burthen from A,las; and 5th, his cleanfing the Augean liable, (upon 
 the gates of the op^hodomos^ we fee him feizing the Amazonian girdle); ;th, the ftorie s 
 4 .kewifeof the Arcadian flag; 8th, of the Gnolfian bull, are reprefented there, with thole of, 
 9 1, the Hydra of Lerna; .0, of te Stymphalian birds; and 11, of the Nemean lion. 
 
 f Me ™ g the bra f n S ates is the ftatue ° f W Iphhus crowned by Ececheira. Within the 
 temple are erefted columns and lofty galleries, by which you are conduced to the flame. There 
 • is alfo a winding fta.r-cafe leading to the top of the roof. The god is feated on a throne: he is 
 
 (a) Pauf.EIiac. 1 . x. c. XXI. p. 397. 
 
 (b) Over the gates of the temple are wrought, &c. Over the gates of the 
 opifthodomos, &c. At firft view this expreflion feems to imply, that the 
 labours of Hercules were fculptured on the wall of the temple, immediately 
 over the gates; but on refleftion I am inclined to fuppofe thefe gates, like 
 thofe of St. Peter’s at Rome, the doom at Pifa, or the Baptiftery at Florence, 
 were furnifhed with folding doors, plated over with brafs, and the different 
 fubjefts reprefented there were diftributed in pannels, wrought in baffo relievo. 
 The pannels, we may fuppofe, were ranged one above the other, three on 
 each valve of the double doors. 
 
 It is remarkable, however, that no more than eleven of thefe labours 
 are here mentioned by Paufanias, although twelve is the number conftantly 
 afcnbed to Hercules; we may therefore conclude that one, perhaps the 
 dragging Cerberus from the infernal regions, has been omitted, or more 
 probably effaced in the raanufcript from whence the printed copies are 
 taken. 
 
 (c) \l appears by what Lucian fays, that at the time when all Greece was 
 affembled, to celebrate the Olympic games, Herodotus recited his hiftory to 
 a mod refpeflable audience in the opiflhodomos of this temple. 
 
 Lucian’s Herodotus. 
 
 WTien the principal perfonages from every part of Greece were affembled 
 together (on occafion of the great Olympic games), Herodotus coming into 
 the Opifthodomus produced bimfelf before them, not as a fpeflator, but as a 
 competitor in the games, reciting his hiftory, &c. 
 
 (d) Iphitus, when he re-eftablifhed the Olympic games, ordained that a 
 general armiftice, or ceffation of arms, fhould be religioufly obferved 
 during their celebration : the figure of Ececheira, here mentioned, was 
 evidently an allegorical perfonification of that armiftice; and her being 
 reprefented m the adl of crowning Iphitus conveys an idea, that no part of 
 his inftitution did him greater honour with his countrymen, or was more 
 ’X blC t0 them ’ tha “ the pr0CUrin S t,lis ' thou S h but a temporary tran- 
 
r 3 
 
 Of the ’Temple of Jupiter Olympias. 
 
 “ made of g° ,d a,ld :rar y. &c ” By the defcription this ftatue appears to have been of amazing fplen- 
 dont and magnificence t bet, as it is not to out prelent putpofe, I (ball omit the account he gij of it • 
 and for the eafe of my reader, I ihall here colled in one point of view the particulars in which the re- 
 lemblance ot the temples here under diicuffion conlifted. 
 
 There were both Doric ftrndures, and both appear to have been Hyptethral temples; the imavc of 
 the God which in both was of gold and ivory, and of a coloffal fize, was in each approached under 
 lofty galleries, eteded within the cell of the temple; they had equally an opifthodomos, and a door into 
 the pofticus, as well as into the front; on their outfides the front and back pediment were adorned 
 with fculpture; they were both Odaftyles, that is, they had porticos of eight columns in their fronts, 
 and we mull fuppofe that, according to the Grecian mode of conttruding temples, the columns on the 
 flank of the Olympic temple like (a) to the plans of thefe temples, though thofe of the Parthenon were 
 feventeen in number. Vitruvius, after defining what he efleems the complete and perfeft idea of the 
 Hypasrhros, that it was a decaflyle and a dipteros, does with great propriety produce thefe two fimilar 
 inftances of the odoftyle Hypaithros, which were fplendid exceptions to the definition he had before given. 
 
 Thus much it has appeared neceffary to fay, in explanation and vindication of our venerable mailer; 
 and for the refiifying a miftake fo general amongft his tranflators and commentators, a miftake which 
 more efpecially claims my notice in this place, becaufe it has fo egregioully milled the general opinion 
 concerning thefe columns of Hadrian, and has been produced as an incontellible argument to prove that 
 they could not be, what I fuppofe them, the remains of the Olympicum of Athens; becaufe, fay they 
 Vitruvius informs us that that temple was an oflaflyle. But Vitruvius himfelf will refute their opinion] 
 for, fpeakmg exprdly of the Athenian temple, he tells ns it was a dipteros, that is, it had a double range 
 of columns encompaffing the cell, whence we mull conclude, that it had ten columns in front; for, had 
 it been an Oftaftyle and at the fame time a Dipteros (J), the breadth of the cell would have been contraded 
 
 fo 
 
 (a) Thefe premifes being allowed, it muft of neceffity follow, that the 
 length of the Olympic temple had the fame ratio to its breadth, that the 
 length and breadth of the Parthenon were found, by aftual meafurement, 
 to have to each other; and, as they were both Doric buildings, that the 
 fame analogy in fome meafure fubfifted between their refpeftive heights. 
 It is by this obvious analogy I have attempted to examine the mcafures 
 afligned by Paufanias to the Olympic temple ; and from the refult I cannot 
 but conclude that the numbers, as they (land in the printed copies, are in- 
 correft : we are there told its height was 68 feet, its breadth 95 feet, and 
 its length 23O. And we have fecn (Vol. II. page 8) that the breadth of 
 the Parthenon is 100 Attic feet, and its length 225. If therefore the 
 breadth of the Olympic temple was no more than 95, its length, according 
 to the propofed analogy, would not have been 230 feet, it would have been 
 no more than 213 feet 9 inches : fo that one if not both thefe meafures, as 
 they (land in the printed copies, mufl be erroneous ; I fay if not both, 
 becaufe the height Paufanias afligns to this temple does not correfpond 
 better, either with the length or breadth he gives it, than his length and 
 breadth do with each other; to which I may add, that the height to be 
 deduced from either of them, by the fame analogy, would not have admitted 
 the ftatue of Jupiter to be placed in it under cover, fince that, as Hyginus 
 informs us, fab. 223d. was 60 feet in height. I fliall therefore rejeft 
 both thefe meafures. But the height to the pediment, which Paufanias 
 makes 68 feet, feems to be a genuine meafure ; for, the ftatue of Jupiter 
 being placed in fuch a temple mufl have had exaftly the appearance, 
 which Strabo has remarked, in the defcription he has given of it, Lib. viii. 
 P a g e 353 > lle there obferves that the ftatue of the God made by Phidias 
 was of fuch a magnitude, that although reprefented fitting, and although 
 the temple was of the greateft dimenfion, it almoft touched the roof; I 
 lhali therefore alfume 68 feet as the true meafure of its height, and, com¬ 
 paring it with the height of the Parthenon, deduce from thence the pro¬ 
 bable length and breadth of the Olympic temple. 
 
 The height of the Parthenon meafures 59 Attic feet, 1 inch, and as this 
 height is to its breadth 100 feet, fo is 68 feet, the height of the Olympic, 
 to 115 feet, i inch ; difregarding the odd inch, I fliall propofe to alter 
 the text of the printed copies from 95 broad to 115 feet broad. To obtain 
 the length of the Olympic temple we may fay ; as the breadth of the 
 Parthenon 100 is to its length 225, fo is 113, the breadth of the Olympic 
 
 cl warning 15 incnes; 
 
 temple, to its length 258,9, c 
 
 another alteration neeeffary in the printed copies. Adventurous a 
 attempt to reftorc this paffage may appear, I am tempted to produce, by 
 Way of illuftratiotl, a fuppofirion that the diameters of the columns of the 
 Olympic temple meafured at lcaft 7 feet, and the intercolumner fpaces 
 9 feet > that the columns on the angles had their diameters augmented 
 3 inches, and the intercolumniations next to thofe columns diminiflied 
 2 feet 6 inches, nearly in the manner praftifed in the Parthenon. The 
 following feheme will explain my meaning, and fliew how thefe particular 
 dimenfions will correfpond with the general meafure I have propofed. 
 
 For the length of the Olympicum. For the breadth of the Olympicum. 
 
 7 X 1 5— 10 5 general diameter of the columns 7X6 =42 
 
 9X14=126 general intercolumniation 9x5 =45 
 
 7 - 3 X* = i 4 -f> columns on the angles 7.3X2 = 14.6 
 
 6.9X2=13.6 intercolumns next thofe columns 6.9X2 = 13.6 
 
 62= 
 
 260.0 Entire length. 
 
 The greatnefs of thefe dimenfions cannot be reafonably urged again!* 
 their probability : there remain at prefent, in Sicily, ruined temples, the 
 columns of which are much larger; thofe, for inftance, of the temple of 
 Jupiter Olympius at Gergeti, the ancient Agrigentum, are Doric columns 
 of more than 12 feet diameter ; and the diameter of thole remaining at 
 Sclinus meafures, I am told, cxadlly 10 feet. 
 
 (i) Namque Athenis, Antiftates, et Callefchros, et Antimachides, et 
 Porinos, architcfti, Pififtrato redem Jovi Olympio facienti, fundamenta 
 conftituerunt; poll mortem autem ejus, propter interpellationem reipublic*, 
 incepta reliquerunt: itaque circiter annis ducentis poll, Antiochus rex, 
 cum in id opus impenfam eflet pollicitus, cells; magnitudinem, et colum- 
 narum circa dipteron collocationem, cpiftyliorum et catcrorum ornamen- 
 torum ad fymmetriarum diftributionem, magna folertia feientiaque fumma 
 civis Romanus Cofliitius nobiliter eft architeSatus, &c. InAfty vero Jcvem 
 Olympium amplo modulorum comparatu, Corinthius fymmetriis et oro- 
 portionibus, uti fupra feriptum eft, architeftandum Coffutius fufeepiffe me- 
 moratur, &c, Vit. in proemio, Lib. Vil. 
 
 Foi 
 
Of the Temple of Jupiter Olympius . 
 
 fo &s not to have admitted the internal periflyle, with the galleries round the infide of the cell; belide 
 which, the aperture of the uncovered part, which conftituted it an Hypasthros, would then fcarcely 
 have been wider than one intercolumniation of the external portico; whereas we have feen the Hyptethral 
 aperture* in the roof of the Parthenon, was equal in width to three intercolumniations, and twice the 
 diameter of a column. After this tedious, but I imagine neceflary, difquifition, I (hall proceed to deferibe 
 thefe magnificent ruins. They confift of 17 Corinthian columns, each 6 feet 4 or 6 inches in diameter, 
 and near 60 feet in height; the difpofition of their plan evidently proves them to be the remains of a 
 temple which had ten columns in front, and (a) 21 in flank ; and that it had two ranges of columns on 
 each fide: the extent of the front has been 171 feet, and the length of the flank more than (b) 400 
 feet; fo that, to deferibe this building in the language of Vitruvius, we muftfay, it has been Decaftyle, 
 Peripteros, and Hypasthros, of great dimenfions, or a compleat example of the molt fumptuous and 
 ftately of all the afpefls of temples, which in the firft chapter of his third book he has enumerated 
 and defined. 
 
 It flood within a fpacious area, which was enclofed by a peribolus, or furrounding wall, at prefent in 
 great part demolifhed, but not fo entirely as to prevent the meafure of its fides (that facing the South) from 
 being perfectly afeertained. 
 
 We accordingly found it meafure in length 680 io T 5 , (c) from Eaft to Wefl, which is confiderably more 
 than a ftadium, (</) and renders it probable that the whole inclofure, furrounding this area, meafured 
 
 four 
 
 For at Athens When Pififtratus fet about building the temple of Jupiter 
 Olympius, the Architefls Antiftates andCallefchros, and Antimachides, and 
 Porinos, laid the foundation; after the death of Pififtratus, becaufe of the 
 unfettled ftate of the republic, the profecution of this work was difeon- 
 tinued; infomuch that it was about 200 (400) years afterwards, when 
 King Antiochus {*) having engaged to defray the expence of the ftru£turc, 
 that it was magnificently erefted by Coffutius a Roman citizen, who de¬ 
 termined the magnitude of the cells, and adjufted the arrangement of the 
 columns about the Dipteros, and the difpofition of the architraves and the 
 other ornaments with great fkilland fupreme fcience, &c. &c. Again. It is 
 recounted that the temple of Jupiter Olympius in Athens was built, as be¬ 
 fore mentioned, by Coffutius, on a fcale of ample dimenfions, and with 
 Corinthian proportions and ornaments, &c. 
 
 Vit. Ptoemc to his ytli Book. 
 
 This ftruflure indeed is not fpoken of with common praife, it is araongft 
 the few moft renowned for their magnificence; for in four places only are 
 feen facred edifices, adorned with marble, which are thus celebrated. The 
 
 excellence and fagacious contrivance of which have been approved in the 
 
 affembly of the gods. 
 
 * Antiochus Epiphanes, who engascJ to finilh the temple of Jupiter Olympius at Athens, bejan his 
 reign the 4th year ofthe :61ft olympiad, died the 4th year of the 153d. Scylla took Athens id of 
 
 temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, Pliny 6th of book 36th. Vitruvius could not write before the battle 
 of Aflnim, the id of the 187th olympiad; fo that the temple mull have been in as unhnilhed Hate 
 when Vitruvius wrote. 
 
 (a) Mr. Revett affures Mr. Reveley, that Mr. Stuart retired from Athens 
 without having examined the remains of this temple with a view to dif- 
 cover whether it had 21 or only 20 columns in flank; which circumftance 
 was not afeertained till Mr. Revett, after Mr. Stuart’s departure, particularly 
 meafured the ruins, and determined this queftion, contrary to what Mr. 
 
 Stuart has written on the fubjeft viz. that it had only 20 columns in 
 flank, which he affures Mr. Reveley he pofitively determined ; for, the re¬ 
 maining column neareft to the Arcopolis, which was the twentieth, had 
 the fame bafe as the outer range of columns on the flank, which differs 
 from the inner bafes, and which bafe he meafured for this purpofe, this 
 bafe alfo had the continued plinth and two fellets under it, which is under 
 the outer row in flank. Mr. Reveley, having had much converfation with 
 Mr. Revett on the fubjefl, does not hefitate to fay that he is convinced of 
 the accuracy of Mr. Revctt’s opinion in preference to that of Mr. Stuart, 
 and confequently that this temple had only 20 columns in flank. As there 
 can be no ftronger proof of this fa£t, it has been thought neceflary to en¬ 
 grave the plan over again, in order to give it as clearly and circumftantially 
 as poflible. 
 
 As a farther proof of the truth of this opinion, the following fentence is 
 copied from Mr. Stuart’s original papers, viz. “ The weftem end is fo 
 ruined that there are not fuflicient remains to prove that there have been 
 more than 20 columns in its flank; but it is moft probable it had 2i,fincc 
 the other Grecian temples we have feen had conftantly an odd number on 
 their flank, that is, one column more than twice the number of columns in 
 front. The above is written in Mr. Stuart’s hand-writing. Mr. Stuart 
 gives the fame opinion in a letter to the late Mr. Newton, who particu¬ 
 larly wrote to him, to know whether there were 20 or 21 columns in the 
 flank of the temple of Jupiter Olympius at Athens, when engaged in his 
 excellent tranflation of Vitruvius. 
 
 Some difference having arifen between Mr. Stuart and Mr. Revett, it 
 was at length agreed that Mr. Revett fhould give up the whole of the 
 papers in his hands, on terms agreed upon, to Mr. Stuart; which he 
 accordingly did, and had after that no concern in this publication, which 
 was carried on by Mr. Stuart alone. 
 
 This accounts for Mr. Stuart’s not being in poffeflion of Mr. Revett’s 
 opinion on the fubjeft, as he only received the drawings, among which 
 the plan of this temple, drawn in ink with twenty columns by Mr. Revett, 
 is one to which Mr. Stuart has, with red chalk, added a row of columns ; 
 in which ftate it now remains; and, from the whole of his memorandums 
 on the fubjett, he appears to have Confidered this rule as fo general, that 
 it did not even admit of a more particular enquiry. 
 
 (4) This is incorreft, it ihould be 354.27. 
 
 (e) The extreme length, from outfide to outfide of the buttrefs, is 
 feet inches 
 
 688 6A». 
 
 (d) Length of the peribolus including the walls 68o.iO.-Ar. 
 
 Breadth of ditto ■ - ■ ditto - - —463. 5.87. 
 
 Each of thefe dimenfions being doubled will make the entire circuit of 
 the peribolus, which will be 2288. 8. 74. On Mr. Stuart's calculation of 
 the Greek foot being equal to 12.0928 Englilh inches, and 600 Greek feet 
 making one ftadium (equal to 604.6.4 Englilh), the whole circuit of this 
 peribolus will want 129.8.86 of four ftadia. 
 
 This is perhaps near enough to anfwer to the defeription of Paufanias, 
 and if any portico or portal prejeQed from the peribolus, which is the cafe 
 in the Stoa or Poikile, it would bring the circuit (till nearer to the four 
 ftadia. In the above calculation, the length of the peribolus is taken from 
 the aftual meafures, and the breadth is found; by fuppofing the fpace, from 
 the flank to the North wall, equal to that on the South fide, which is 
 moft probable. 
 
 As 
 
Of the Temple of Jupiter Olympius . 
 
 four ftadias affigned by Paufanias to the peribolus of the Athenian temple of Jupiter Olympius, and 
 with the other particulars there recited, perfuade me, that thefe columns of Hadrian are adually the 
 
 temple, Snd ° f confe< l uence that k ftood Sout ^ of the Acropolis, on the Northern bank 
 °r the Iliilus, near the fountain Callirhoe (a). 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 View of the temple of Jupiter Olympius, taken from the Ionic temple (b) on the Ilyffus, on the 
 South-Eaft fide of the Acropolis: the building on the foreground is part of the latter temple. The 
 mountains in the diftance were called anciently Coryddalus, but at prefent Daphne : they form the 
 Weftern boundary of the plain of Athens. In the center of the view is the Acropolis; and below it 
 part of the modern city is feen {fetching towards Mount Anchefmus, in a North-Eaftern diredfion. 
 Some Greek churches appear, and may be known by a fmall cupola over each j but no Turkifti mofque 
 
 The temple of Jupiter Olympius, with the remains of its peribolus, form the moft confiderable ruin 
 in this view. It will not perhaps be improper to remark, that this view was taken by Mr. Pars, who 
 accompanied Mr. Revett on his fecond journey to Athens in the years 1765 and 1766 : the column re¬ 
 maining in the Weftern front, when Meflrs. Stuart and Revett were there the firft time, had been 
 thrown down in the interval by the Waiwode, to make lime of the marble. If it had remained, its 
 fituation would be behind the three columns which ftand detached from the larger groupe. 
 
 The South-Eaftern angle of the peribolus is very vifible; but of the North-Eaftern angle there are 
 no remains. The South fide may be diftinguilhed by the Hope of the ground ; and three ftones of 
 the South-Weftern angle may be perceived, near which is a circle ufed to tread the corn upon, for 
 which purpofe a horfe is tied with a long rope to a port in the center, and driven round. The arch 
 of Hadrian or Thefeus is feen between the two groupes of columns. In the Acropolis are the ruins of the 
 temple of Minerva Parthenon, divided by a Turkifti mofque, which has been eredted on the ruins of 
 the central part of the temple, under the Eaftern end of which is the monument of Thrafyllus, with 
 the two columns over it. This monument would have been invifible, had the Odeum of Pericles re¬ 
 mained, as it flood immediately before, and clofe to, the former. This is given on the authorities of 
 Dr. Chandler and Mr. Revett, as the foundations were dug up before Mr. Reveley was there, and em¬ 
 ployed to build the modern wall of the city, mentioned in the firft chapter of this volume. 
 
 In this view, the theatre of Bacchus, which is vifible on the Weftern edge of the hill, was united by 
 
 the portico of Eumenes, on which a modern wall is eredted to the Odeum. The Mufeum Hill finilhes 
 
 the view to the Weft, and on its fummit is the monument of Philopappus. The Ilyflus runs behind the 
 figures, and has, excepting in the rainy feafon, fcarcely water enough to wet the pebbles that form its bed. 
 
 The figures reprefent a groupe of women, who never appear in the city unveiled, but are repre- 
 
 fented fo here, as being out of the way of paflengers: three of them are dancing a flow dance, very 
 
 common in Athens, wherein the leader holds out a handkerchief, and is fuppofed to reprefent Ariadne. 
 
 Mr. Stuart appears to have taken very great pains to difcover the true This laft meafure Mr. Reveley has added, Mr. Stuart not having taken 
 
 length of the Greek foot, from different meafures of the temple of Minerva notice of it, as the ingenious Monfieur le Roy has fuppofed and give.i 
 
 Parthenon, which, from its name Hecatompedon, was fuppofed to contain fome reafon why the length of the architrave might probably be one hun- 
 
 a meafure of one hundred feet in 
 
 dred feet. The meafure is found by deducing twice the difference between 
 the extremity of the architrave and that of the bottom of the lhaft of the 
 angular columns : this will be liable to no other inaccuracy than the irre¬ 
 gularity (which is not probable) in the architrave not projecting fo far be- 
 
 As his calculations would be ufclefs to the publick, Mr. Reveley has 
 publilhed only the refult of his enquiries, which arc as follows : 
 
 The difference of the foot, taken from various parts of the temple, is as yond the center of one angular column as beyond that of the other. 
 
 follows : 
 
 (a) Tarentinus relates, that when the Athenians were about to build th: 
 
 Length of the upper ftep in the front of the temple give for one foot .^.1390 tt „ ple .f j opiBr , foe fount™ Enne.cr.ne, they, bye public de- 
 From nubble to outfide of the ungul.r column. - is.ogj m coIIM dl ths fo^ght-dtle of Attic, into the city, 
 
 From center to center of the front columns — — 
 
 From the Roman foot by my meafure (Mr. Stuart’s) of the 
 
 (i) This temple is treated of in the fecond chapter of the firft volum: 
 
 obelilk of Sefoftris, 
 Length of the architrave 
 
 of this work, but was totally deftroyed in the year 1785, when Mr. Reveley 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 F 
 
 PLATE 
 
i6 
 
 Of the Temple of Jupiter Olympius. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 Plan of the temple of Jupiter Olympius, in which thofe parts only are flraded which remain. 
 
 A. Is the South-Eaft angle of the peribolus: the whole of the Southern fide has been evidently 
 brought to a level by means of the wall, ftrengthened on the outfide by buttrefles, as is clearly feen 
 3 n the view; this wall is now nearly level with the ground within the Peribolus. 
 
 B. Is the South-Weftern angle. 
 
 C. Remains of the Weft end, forming a part of the modern wall of Athens, which, in its courfe, 
 here joins to the arch of Hadrian. 
 
 D. The arch of Hadrian. 
 
 E. The column, whofe bafe, being fimilar to thofe in the external row at the South-Eaft angle, 
 proves it to have been one of the external range, and, confequently, that this temple had twenty (a) 
 columns only in flank. 
 
 That part of the peribolus neareft to the arch of Hadrian now fupports part of the lately-eredcd wall round 
 the city. It is highly probable that a colonade adorned the entire inward circuit of this peribolus, though 
 no remains of it now appear; and alfo that there were ftaircafes leading to the top of the temple, 
 which are not inferted in the plan, from the doubt in what part they might have been. 
 
 The line on the North fide is fuppofed to have been equally diftant from the temple with that on 
 the South, but there were no vifible remains of it. Mr. Reveley has not found among Mr. Stuart’s 
 papers any authority whatever for the defcription in Chap. I. Vol. II. p. 14, viz. “ Three other co- 
 “ lumns, belonging to the inner row of the Southern flank of the temple, were ftanding at fome dif- 
 “ tance from thofe above-mentioned; and there remained one, marked F. in this plan, which originally 
 
 flood in the Weftern portico. The laft-mentioned column proves, that, when this temple was entire, 
 “ it had one and twenty columns on its flank ; for, if aright line is drawn from Eaft to Weft, through 
 * e the centers of the outward columns, it will be cut exadtly in the center of the twentieth column of 
 ** that row, by another line drawn at right angles to it from the center of the column F. the bafe of 
 “ which proves it was net in the front of the portico, but had another row of columns ftanding be- 
 “ fore it, &c.” 
 
 Where any difference appears between the parts of this temple given in Plate XXXI. of the firft 
 chapter in the fecond volume, and thofe of the prefent chapter, the latter only are to be efteemed 
 accurate. 
 
 P L A 
 
 A. The bafe of the external columns, and of 
 an external column ( [b ). 
 
 (a) Another proof of Mr. Rcvett’s attention in meafuring this temple 
 may be feen in the Ionian Antiquities, Chap. I. p. 9 : 
 
 “ But a different fyrametry is obferved in the bafes of the temple of 
 “ Jupiter Olympius (at Athens); for, the external bafes have plinths, and 
 “ are in height the femidiameter of their columns ; but the internal have 
 “ none, and are placed upon a flep, which raifed the pavement, within the 
 “ internal range of the dipteros, its whole height above that within the 
 “ external, on which account the internal columns are lefs in altitude than 
 “ the external by the height of the flep, as well as lefs in diameters. The 
 “ mouldings alfo of the internal bafes are much higher than thofe of the 
 
 T E III. 
 
 that marked F. in Plate II. proving it to have been 
 
 “ external; nor have they any connexion with each other, except in the 
 “ diameter of their lower torus ; but the mouldings of the internal, being 
 “ higher, have a greater projedlure, which (as the diameter of the lower 
 “ torus is the fame in both) contrails the upper torus, and makes it lefs 
 “ than in the external bafes.” 
 
 (b) It is an unfortunate circumflance that modern Athens did not afford 
 ladders of fufficient height, or other means of arriving at the capital ar¬ 
 chitrave and frieze of this temple, which, for that rcafon, could not be 
 meafured. 
 
 B. The 
 
Of the Temple of Jupiter Olympius. 
 
 ,1 “ " r *“ *■>•*« 
 
 C. » .ns. ,, „ r * ** j ,1, 4 .„ ^ ^ hw 
 
 D. Plan of a column, with its flutings. 
 
 height ° fthCintemaI StCh;traVeS and:ntemd ° f ** archive, being the fime 
 
 F. Profile of the external face of the external architrave; 
 
 G. Part of the wall of the peribolus on the South fide, (hewing the angular buttrefs. 
 
 H. Seflion of the fame, ihewing Its inclination, with a buttrefs in profile. 
 
 The Head-Piece to this Chapter is a fragment in the wall of the church at Vari bv the fide of th 
 church-door j on the other fide of which is another almoft fimilar to it. 5 ° f 
 
 The Tail-Piece is another fragment on the outfide of the church of St. Georgio Pico (called the IT r 
 mala, from being the refidence of the Bilhop) at Athens. ° ( d h V ^' 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
agMMw i 
 
[ r 9 ] 
 
 Of the Arch of Thefeus, or of Hadrian. 
 
 THIS arch (lands nearly N. E. and S. W. and is about a quarter of a mile South-Eallward from 
 the Acropolis, the front facing which has the following ancient infcription on it: 
 
 A1AE15 A0HNAI 0HZEHS HIIPINIIOAIS (a). 
 
 And on that next the Iliffus, the channel of which lies South of it, at lefs than a quarter of a mile 
 diftance, is infcribed : 
 
 AIAEIS APIANOY KAI OY XI SHJEQX IIOAE ( b). 
 
 Both fronts are adorned with Corinthian columns, and are, in all parts, perfedtly fimilar. From the 
 above-cited infcriptions it has mod probably received its prefent names, being indifferently called the 
 arch of Hadrian or of Thefeus. It is of Pentetic marble, and, like the other ancient edifices of Athens, 
 
 (a) This is Athens, formerly the city of Thefeus. 
 
 (b) This is the city of Hadrian, and not of Thefeus. 
 
 I found Hadrian to 
 founder of Athens. 
 
 ZUTHPI KAI KTISTH 
 
 ATTOKPATOPI 
 
 AAPIANM 
 
 OATMIIini. 
 
 have been frequently < 
 
 ZfiTHPI 
 
 KAI KTICTH 
 
 ATTOKPATOPI 
 
 AAPIANO 
 
 OATMmn. 
 
 romplimented as the fecond 
 
 ZCTHPI KAI KTISTH 
 
 ATTOKPATOPI 
 
 AAPlANH OATMIUS1. 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 G 
 
 
 is 
 
,0 
 
 Of the Arch of Thefeus, or of Hadrian. 
 
 is built without mortar or cement of any kind, the blocks of marble being connefled by cramps of 
 
 metal. The furface of the ground is here raifed more than 3 feet above the original level on which it 
 was erefled; and to this depth it was cleared away, to obtain all the rrieafures, and other particulars 
 requiiite for the completion of the drawings. It is alfo neceffary here to remark, that this arch ap¬ 
 pears evidently not to have been connedted with, or to have made a part of, any other building, but to 
 
 have been originally intended to remain entirely infulated. And what appears indeed extraordinary is, 
 it hands fo near, and is feated fo obliquely to, what remains of the Peribolus, or wall, which encom- 
 
 paffed the temple, fuppofed by me to have been the Olympieum, that it is difficult to reconcile its fitu- 
 
 ation to any idea of beauty or convenience, or, to conceive the motive, we can hardly fuppofe it a flight 
 one, that induced the Athenians to place it thus. 
 
 (a) Wheler and Spon, and all thole who, fince their time, have treated on the antiquities of Athens, 
 
 have mentioned this arch ; but I do not recolledt any one who has endeavoured to trace its origin, and 
 date its antiquity, or account for the obliquity of its pofition. As fome difcuffion of thefe particu¬ 
 lars, notwithftanding the difficulties that perplex the enquiry, may furniffi fome clearer and more cir- 
 
 cumliantial ideas of the topography of Athens than thofe we are at prefent in poffeffion of, and may 
 therefore be not unacceptable to the reader, I fhall venture to offer what has occurred to me on thefe 
 queftions, premiftng fome obfervations neceffary to apologize for my opinions, and to render what I 
 have to fay intelligible. 
 
 I ffiall firft obferve, that the Iliffus runs on the Southern fide of Athens, which confequently muff be 
 
 conceived its lowed: part. I am therefore perfuaded, that when Paufanias, having defcribed the Pry- 
 taneum, proceeds thence to the lower part of the city, he approaches the Iliffus; in his way to 
 which he fees the temple of Serapis, that of Lucina, the Olympieum, the Pythium, and the Delphi¬ 
 nium ; then, keeping the channel of the river at a fmall diftance on his right hand, he advances to¬ 
 
 wards its fource, and its junftion with the Eridanus, as far as to the gardens and the temple of Her¬ 
 
 cules, called Cynofages, fituated probably where we now fee the convent of Hagio Afomato, at the foot 
 of Mount Anchefmus, between that hill and the river. Returning thence, he defcends along the 
 banks of the Iliffus to the Lyceum ; and, in that ftage of his progrefs, particularly mentions the river 
 Iliffus, and the altar of Boreas, ere&ed on the fpot whence it was reported he carried off Orithyia, 
 the daughter of Ere&heus, as ffie was diverting herfelf on the margin of that river. The Iliffus he 
 proceeds to tell us, was accounted facred not only to other divinities, but alfo to the Mufes; and that 
 the altar of the Mufes Ilijftades was on its banks. He theta conduits us acrofs it, into the country of 
 Ague, where he fees the temple of Diana Agrotera, and concludes this perambulation with an account 
 of the ftadium of Herodes Atticus, built of white marble, again ft a hill, and extending to the fide of 
 the Iliffus; fo that this river, and what he fees on its borders, occupy the greateft part of this nar¬ 
 ration. 
 
 It is to be remarked, that Paufanias having finiffied this tour, in which I have endeavoured to ac¬ 
 company him, immediately commences his account of another tour, on which he proceeds, as on the 
 former, from the Prytaneum. 
 
 In this I ffiall be better enabled to follow him fome part of the way, becaufe there ftill remain leveral 
 unequivocal veftiges of the antiquities he then vifits; particularly of the place called the Tripods (£), 
 the theatre of Bacchus (c), and the Odeum (d) of Pericles; between which two laft-mentioned antiqui¬ 
 
 ties 
 
 (a) Wheler has obferved, that this arch looks awry towards the plane (J) “Em ii ro n Upv T S 
 (plan) of the pillars (of Hadrian) without any right angle in refpea of the «n* If/J/nm r» f 2 lp £o» ada«. 
 wall, although it feeras to lead towards it, p. 373. 
 
 Aicnlmo *«1 tS Sia Iga xcclmrutuurfut 
 ■ Pauf. Att. chap. xx. p. 46. 
 
 ( 6 ) “Em ii cJoff, a <70 tS 11filial. 
 
 
 From the Prytaneum there is a ftreet called the tripods, &c. 
 
 The molt ancient temple of Bacchus is near the theatre; within the 
 peribolus a;e two temples, &c. 
 
 Near 
 
21 
 
 Of the Arch of Thefeus, or of Hadrian. 
 
 15 3 ra "S e ° f fmaI1 arches > r “PP°fed ^ Wheler and Spon to have belonged to ,6e portico of Eu- 
 menes or Eumenicus, but which more probably are the remains of that ample peribolus mentioned by 
 Hefychrus enc’ofrngthetemp'eof Bacchus, in which, before the theatre was built, the Lenasa were 
 celebrated (a). To this Paufamas evidently refers, when he fays, “ near the theatre is a moll ancient 
 temple of Bacchus ; within the peribolus are two temples, and two ftatues of Bacchus, made of gold 
 and ivory, &c. ’ Near the temple of Bacchus and the theatre is an edifice, faid to be made in imi¬ 
 tation of the pavilion of Xerxes. Thefe veftiges have been inferred in' a plate containing a plan of the 
 Acropolis, given in the fecond volume, to which I mult beg leave to refer the reader. 
 
 The theatre of Bacchus, the Tripods, the odeum of Pericles, and what I fuppofe to have been part of 
 the peribolus of the Lenseum, are all South of the Acropolis; and that the Lensum was the temple in 
 Limne, is clear from Hefychius, who tells us, Limue was a place in Athens, facred to Bacchus,, where 
 the Lemea were celebrated ( b).• 
 
 This tedious difquifition on fituation is here introduced, becaufe it appears neceflary, before we pro- 
 ceed farther in our enquiry, to afcertain the true reading of a paffage in Thucydides, fince, by a mif. 
 take of Valla, who inftead of v-ri; mov (f), has read, vry> ctgiTou. 
 
 Some of the principal buildings of Athens, amongft others the Olympieum, are placed on the North, 
 although they adually are on the South fide of the Acropolis: and, confeqtiently, not only the fituation 
 of thofe moll ancient edifices, inftancedby Thucydides in the paffage referred to, are entirely changed; 
 but ofthofe alfo, which, by their proximity to them, we might, but for this miftake, have been enabled 
 to afcertain ; a miftake the more important, fince fuch refpeflable authors as Palmcrius and Hudfon had 
 a furmife in its favour; and as it has evidently led thofe learned and diligent travellers, Wheler and 
 Spon, into an error; for, they have fuppofed a ruin, which ftands northward of the Acropolis, to have 
 been the Olympieum (d); alleding the above-mentioned corrupted paflage of Thucydides as fufficient 
 authority for the opinion they advance; when, in all probability, that ruin is no other than the re- 
 mains of the Pockyle. 
 
 In juftice however to Mr. Wheler, it ffiould be obferved, that, when he is defcribing the pillars of 
 Hadrian, he feems to find it difficult to determine whether they were not the remains of the Olym¬ 
 pieum. 
 
 From what has been here advanced, it ffiould feem, that, notwithftanding the claim fet up in behalf 
 of the Emperor Hadrian, by the infcription on this arch, as the founder of at leaft this Southern part of 
 
 Near the temple of Bacchus, and the theatre, is an edifice, faid to have 
 been built in imitation of Xerxes’ tent, &c. 
 
 The inftances which Vitruvius, when treating of porticos behind the 
 fccnes, &c. has produced of edifices near the theatre in Athens, may ferve 
 as a comment on what has been cited from Faufanias ; in both authors 
 they clearly relate to the fame buildings, and thefe arranged nearly in the 
 fame order. Poll feenam porticus funt conftituendte, &c. uti funt porticus 
 Pompeianaj; itemque Athenis porticus Eumsnici, patrifque liberi fanum, 
 et exeuntibus e theatro, finiftra parte Odeum, quod Athenis Pericles co- 
 lumnis lapideis difpofuit, naviumque malis et antennis e fpoliis Perficis 
 pertexit. L. v. c. 9. 
 
 Behind the feenes porticos are to be erefted, &c. as are the Pompeian 
 porticos ; alfo at Athens the portico of Eumenes (or Eumenides) and the 
 fane of father Bacchus ; and, to the left of thofe who iffue from the theatre, 
 the odeum which Pericles erefted at Athens, adorned with marble columns, 
 and covered with mafts and yards of the lliips taken from the Perfians. 
 
 Vitr. book v. ch. 9. 
 
 AmirU iijov ■> u iwiilXSilo oi aySus Ahrjralui <rgir To 9la1(0» oitoSo/irhUm. 
 
 The games in the Linaum. The Linseum is in the city, having an 
 ample peribolus, and in it the temple of Bacchus Lenseus, in which the 
 Athenians celebrated the games in honour of Bacchus before they had 
 built the theatre. Hefychius. 
 
 (h) Aifirai i» ASivals Ton;, <t>axiipi»; t S Aatirv, ha ri Asucic fure. 
 
 Limne, in Athens, a place facred to Bacchus, where the Lcnasa were ce¬ 
 lebrated. 
 
 (f) To 31 «{o. Tirra, i ixjoltoki; i iii am, 3>, ») To m aomi iotoi ,u«Xiros 
 
 rttfttpphwt xuqiiyiw Si ri ya? ii{i n auri in axjoiroku aXXai Sii» in ioJ ra if» rafo; 
 Tlho to pips T«; veXfa; paXAov if'.l&i, to T[ t S Aw; tS Oki/fiirla, >tl to tluQioi to tS; 
 xj to i» Aifoai; Aiifutb.— ij/iolai Si x) cMm Ufx ifxcdci Taolu, x} tS *{«», xlhnutin 
 
 iDoaxpoio;, Thucydides Dukeri, p. 108, 12. c. 
 
 Before this time, that which is now the citadel was all the city. The 
 temples, built either within the citadel, or without, fufficiently Ihew it; 
 for, in the South part of the city, particularly, ftand the temples of Olym¬ 
 pian Jove, of the Pythian Apollo, the earth, and of Bacchus in Limne, 
 and all the other ancient temples are fcated in the fame quarter; near it alfo 
 is the fountain now called Enneacrunos. 
 
 (d) It is hard to determine whether the temple of Jupiter Olympius was 
 here or not. Wheler, p. 372. 
 
 Befides, it is here in the lower parts of the town, as Paufanias clearly 
 feems to infinuate, which lay on the North fide of the caftle, as Thucy¬ 
 dides placeth it. Wheler, p. 392. 
 
 A quoi il faut ajouter, qu'il eft au Nord de la citadelle, comme Thucy- 
 dide a remarque. Spon, vol. II. p. 1S8. 
 
 "Erl Si hfxzTx II tS Ziv; *a\«Sf, «J iaoi Kgoio ^ 'Piai, xj ti/xhoi mi iwixXwi, 
 
 ’OXt/pTlaf. Pauf. AM. p. 43. 
 
 Athens, 
 
Of the Arch of Thefeus, or of Hadrian. 
 
 Athen., it is rather a complimentary effufion of Athenian gratitude to fo liberal a benefadlor than an 
 abfolute truth or the record of an hiftorical faft: for this part proves to have been one of the earheft 
 additions to the original city, as appears by what has been cited from Thucydides, which is confirmed, 
 and, infome fort, illuftrated, by the account Paufanias has given of the antiquities contained within the 
 peribolus of the Olympieum. The moll ancient temple of Jupiter Olympius was erefled there by 
 Deucalion (a), and within the fame place were the temples of Saturn and of Rhea, probably the work 
 of Cecrops (b). Here alfo was the facred grove of Olympia, which feems to have been an appellation 
 of Rhea, and this grove moft probably was the feat of her temple, near which was the monument of 
 Antiope the Amazon (c). All thefe were of great antiquity, as was alfo the Pythtum, a temple of 
 Apollo near the Olympieum, in which were dedicated the Tripods, obtained by the Choragi, to whom 
 the prize was adjudged in the chorufes performed at the celebration of the Thargelta; and here the 
 Panathenaic proceffion paffed in its march round the Acropolis. Near the Olympieum hkewife was 
 the Delphinium, another temple of Apollo, and the habitation of rEgeus, both of them built before 
 the arrival of Thefeus in Athens. 
 
 Plutarch, who was living in the time of Hadrian, fpeaks of the Delphinium (d) and the Mercury 
 which Hood Eaft of that temple, and was called the Mercury at the arch of rEgeus, as remaining at 
 the time he wrote. 
 
 The fituation of this arch of fEgeus and that of Hadrian, both near the Olympieum, appearing to 
 coincide, induces me to entertain an opinion that the laft-mentioned arch, the (object of this chapter, is 
 in faft no other than the arch of rEgeus, probably rebuilt by Hadrian, with a kind of religious ob- 
 fervance, on the identical fpot on which the former, venerable for its great antiquity, had flood; and 
 that the North-Weftern angle of the peribolus of the Olympieum has been cut off by a wall parallel 
 to this arch (e), which, by that means, became an additional ornament to the faid enclofure, in which 
 not only the magnificent temple of Jupiter Olympius built by Hadrian, but many other monuments, 
 mentioned by Paufanias, of much higher antiquity than the time of Hadrian, were contained : and this 
 opinion is rendered more probable by the unconneaed Hate of this arch, and the obliquity of its po- 
 fition, which were particularly noticed in the beginning of this chapter. 
 
 Hence it appeals that the Delphinium, and, confequently, the arch of rEgeus (as this of Hadrian now 
 is) were near the Olympieum. Neither the prefent gate, nor that of aEgeus, could ever have been a 
 gate of Athens. The ancient walls may be traced with great certainty, almoft throughout their whole 
 extent, and agree fo exaflly with the meafures given of them by Thucydides, that no doubt can re¬ 
 main of their identity, being the very walls which he deferibes, and whatever was within thefe walls was 
 faid to be in the city (f). 
 
 Pauf. Att.p,43. 'On-Itr* y (5 A?piav»o() Silt Irji ti f*!v aiKoJJfiwii If ™ V oiirixwuwn 
 
 itaiipaat, x) xslovxuai) vj Jwgia; vj&Asvtv jjwxtx 'Ebbxvurt, rat ci x) rut Ba7o~? fstidii- 
 
 The moft ancient temple of Jupiter Olympius, they fay, was built by <r», .n»« ««> 1 * yty^/Am ‘Ahnrn i> t2 ri, e.i, UpS. Paul) Att. p. 5. Ed. Xyl. 
 
 The temples, which Adrian either erefted from the foundations, or 
 adorned with ornaments, for the Greeks or Barbarians, arc recorded at 
 Athens in the temple common to all the Gods. 
 
 et Opi, primum inftituifle aram Cecropem 
 Macrob. Sat. lib. I. chap. x. 
 
 (<) As it may be obferved, in the plan of the temple of Jupiter Olympius, 
 
 (c) "Evwi it tp*n ftdi ©mriMf (zaxo(iM». (t.» Ailifem) -atn't ;x> ifyum,, iiv'o MoX- that this arch ftands on the outlide of the Northern wall of the peribolus, 
 ixodi Sum,, xal T>i» ritju rn> aagz ri tSj, ySj tbc 'OAc/xxi'a; iTpov, ixl tauh which is there fuppofed equally diftant from the body of the temple with 
 
 the Southern wall; a circumftance highly probable, though not verified by 
 the remains, which, on the Northern fide, are totally deftroyed. 
 
 Some fay that (Antiope), lighting near Thefeus, was fla 
 with an arrow by Molpadia, and the pillar near the tempi 
 pian earth is placed over her. 
 
 The deformity occafioned by a building of fuch a form as this arch be¬ 
 ing introduced into an angle, not even forming a diagonal to the fquare, 
 is vety great; it would caufe much irregularity in the porticos alfo, which. 
 
 Aifipi.lu to <ot{i * n g lan d an edifice, would be a material fault* Then the doors of en- 
 ,gS, ix’AfyiKj trance would all be irregular, none correfponding both within and with* 
 
 
 (d) Atytlttt 7x; xoXixo; m 
 tpi'xtlmru. yetp S Aiytu 
 
 mitot*. Plut. in vit. Thefei. 
 
 out the peribolus, by removing this Northern wall farther from the temple 
 than the Southern wall; not to mention the difficulty of doing it at all. 
 
 It is faid, that, when the cup fell, the poifon was fpilt, where now is jf this vva n was part|y built before Hadrian began his part of the work, 
 the inclofure in the Delphinium, for there iEgeus dwelt; and the Hermes, All thefe circumftanccs incline Mr. Reveley to fuppofe that this gate flood 
 to the Eaft of the temple, they call the Hermes at the gate of iEgeus. j„ tbc po fiiion as belt uniting two ftreets, one of which palled by the fide 
 
 of the Northern wall, and the other, Weftward of it, taking a North- 
 weftern direftion from the arch, which the prefent ftreet aftually docs. 
 
 (/) This is one of the remarkable monuments omitted by Paufanias, of 
 
 Near the temple of Jupiter Olympius is the ftatue of Apollo Pytliius. whofe works, it is Mr. Stuart’s opinion, parts are loft; which is alfo the 
 There is alfo another temple of Apollo, furnamed Delphinium. Pauf. Att. 6. rcafon of the want of conne&iou in many of his deferiptions. 
 
 7 
 
 PLATE 
 
Of the Arch of Thefeus, or of Hadrian. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 A view of the arch of Hadrian. The Corinthian columns feen through the arch, and thofe to the 
 left of it, although ufually called the- pjllars of Hadrian, are by me fuppofed to be the remains of the 
 temple of Jupiter Olympius; the ruined low wall, to the right of the arch, is a part of the Weftern 
 end of the peribolus, ftill remaining, that englpfed the facred ground in which that temple flood. When 
 we had paffed thefe columns, and the Eaftern end of the peribolus, of which we found more than 
 230 feet not utterly demolifhed, we arrived immediately at the veftiges of the city wall, and of one 
 of its gates, probably that called Diocharis. We were now on the fide of the Ilyffus; hence we de¬ 
 fended to a copious and beautiful fpring, at prefent called Caliirhoe, flowing into the channel of the 
 river ; this channel we here croffed to arrive at the little temple on the other fide, which, in this plate, 
 appears between the arch and the groupe of Corinthian columns to. the left of it. 
 
 The diftant mountain is the higheft part of Hymettus. The figures on the fore-ground reprefent Al- 
 banefe fhepherds driving their flocks to pafture : of thefe people I have already fpoken in the firft chap¬ 
 ter of this volume. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 The ground plan of the arch. 
 
 This edifice is compofed of two orders, both Corinthian, and placed one over the other. The 
 plan reprefented here is that of the firft order. The pedeftals unfhaded with the columns they fup- 
 ported, as alfo the columns .in the oppofite front of this order were taken away. 
 
 PLATE III 
 
 Plan of the fecond order. 
 
 It is evident, from the ruin itfelf, that the columns unfhaded had a place there, though removed. 
 The partition between the niches in the centre of this order (alfo unfhaded) is perforated as high as 
 the bottom of the capitals of the half columns? It was only three inches ^ thick, and was probably 
 of one piece. 
 
 P L A T 5 IV. 
 
 Elevation of the front facing the South-Eaft. 
 
 The cornice of the pedeftals is reftored, being chipt off,, except the aftragal and fillet. (See Pi. 6. Fig. I.) 
 Alfo the columns in the firft order, with thofe over them in the fecond, are fupplied; the latter from 
 the half columns belonging to the niches. 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 Fig. 1. Se£tion through the centre of the arch, and of the niches. 
 
 Fig. 2. Elevation of one end of the arch, fhewing the connection of the columns in the fecond 
 order, with the fquare or Attic column in the centre between them; alfo the roof of the pediment, 
 which is cut in imitation of tiles. 
 
 
 
 Vol. III. 
 
 H 
 
 Ac- 
 
Of the Arch of Thefeus , or of Hadrian. 
 
 According to the meafurements, the height of the arch from its bafes, or capitals of the ante, is 
 only nine feet eleven inches A, which is lefs than its femi-diameter by four inches 
 
 The lacunaria in the foffit of the niches confift of twelve compartments in the breadth of each nidi. 
 
 Fig. I. Capital and bafe of the ante at each extremity of the arch, with the entablature of the 
 lower order ot the building, as feen on each front. 
 
 Fig. 2. A fedion through the front face of the capital. 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 Fig. i. Half the front of the pedeftals in the lower order. 
 
 Fig. 2. Half the front of the capital of the ants on the flank of the arch. 
 
 Fig. 3. A fedion through the front of the capital. 
 
 Fig. 4. The plan of half the front face, and half the flank face of the capital. 
 
 Fig. 1. The front of the capital, and bafe of the ants that fupport the arch, with the profile 
 mouldings of the archivolt. 
 
 Fig. 2: The fedion through the front of the capital. 
 
 Fig. 3. Half the lateral face of the capital. 
 
 Fig. 4. The fedion of the lateral face of the capital. 
 
 PLATE 
 
 Fig. t . The capital and bafe of the half columns in the upper order of the arch, with the entabla¬ 
 ture they fupport. 
 
 Fig. 2. Sedion through the capital. 
 
 Fig. 3. Curve of the abacus of the capital, taken on its liftel. 
 
 PLATE 
 
 Fig. 1. The capital and bafe of the Attic fquare columns in the upper order. 
 
 Fig. 2. A fedion through the capital. 
 
 Fig. 3. The curve of the abacus j of the capital taken upon the liftel under the ovolo. 
 
I 
 
 Of the Arch of 'Thefeus, or of Hadrian* ± $ 
 
 Fig. 4. A fe&ioii of the architrave, and iacunaria, in the foffit of the niches, with the partition 
 between them, which ftill remains as low as to the bottom of the capitals* 
 
 Fig. 5. Half the flower upon the apex of the pediment, in its prefent ftate* 
 
 The Head-Piece to this chapter reprefents two ancient chairs, one of which is in the Metoxi of St. 
 Cyriani, near the Vefcovato, or refidence of the bifhop. Of thefe there are feveral at Athens, fome 
 plain, and others adorned with fculpture, and fome at no great diftance from this arch; whether they 
 have been feats for a magiftrate in a court of judicature, or of officers in a gymnafium, is not eafily 
 determined from their fituation; for, the Dephinium, a tribunal, and the Lyceum, a gymnafium, were 
 both in the neighbourhood of this arch. 
 
 The Tail-Piece reprefents an antique altar at the door of the church of St. Andrea in Athens, 
 
== *"— 
 
RIlHMMMnWNHI 
 
— ^ 
 
Ay 7 
 
 Voim.c^My. 
 
 
 .// / 
 

~~—-- 
 
[ *7 ] 
 
 Of tbe AqueduSi of Hadrian. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE city of Athens was ill provided with water even in the mod flourilhing times of the Repub* 
 lie ( a ), infomuch fo that the inhabitants were obliged to fink wells, to fupply themfelves with that 
 neceffary of life. 
 
 Thefe we muft conclude were numerous, finefe, by a law of Solon, thofe only who lived in the neigh¬ 
 bourhood of a well could avail themfelves of its water. This defe&, fo far at leaft as related to new Athens, 
 was at length remedied by the munificence of the Emperors Adrian and Antoninus Pius. For this pur- 
 pofe a refervoir was dug at the foot of mount Anchefmus, which was adorned with the Ionic frontifpiece, 
 the fubjeft of the prefent chapter* 
 
 This refervoir appears evidently to have been fupplied with water by an AqUeduft of no mean length, 
 for, we palled fome ruined arches of it in feveral places, at a confiderable diftance from each other, in our‘ 
 way to Cephiffia, a delightful village, abounding with the mofl copious fprings I have any where feen 
 in the Attic territory: it is between fix and feven miles diftant from Athens, and the Aquedudt apparently 
 led from that place. 
 
 Of this frontifpiece only two columns were Handing; on digging, we difeovered the veftiges of the 
 other two, and were able to determine its entire extent. Wheler and Spon faw it in 1676, exa&ly in 
 
 (o) EmuQfr !i s to t«i ASniZim ithtif Zru. His J1 Him ym/ytifu'in vrira, typox propter earn caufam, fed lavationibus ct reliquis rebus utuntur: bibunt 
 SJ-.i p.*<w9 { «r. f- « )i ™ autem ex p Utc ] Sj et i ta v i tant corum v j t i a . 
 
 Dicatarchus in deferip. Gracise. Vitr. L. VIII. C. 3. 
 
 Hence you proceed to the city of the Athenians : the way is pleafant, the There is a kind of water, which, not rifing from very tranfparent fources, 
 
 land all cultivated, and chearful in its appearance , but the city is dry and calls up a fciim that floats on its furface like purplifh glafs ; this is particu- 
 barren, neither is it well fupplied with water. larly obferved at Athens ; for, the water from fuch kind of fprings is con¬ 
 
 duced to fountains, as well in the city as in the Pireus, but no one drinks 
 Aqua; autem fpecics eft, qua: cum habeat non fatis perlucidas venas, ofthem, for the caufes I have related; they are ufed for walking and 
 fpuma uti flos natat in fummo, colore limilis vitri purpurei. Htec other matters; but the mifehief they would occalion is avoided by drink* 
 maxi me conliderantur Athenis, ibi enim ex ejufmodi locis ct fontibus, et j n g water from the wells, 
 in Ally, et ad portuin PirsUm, dudli funt falientes, e quibus bibit nemo 
 
 1 
 
 the 
 
2.8 
 
 Of the AqucduEi of Hadrian. 
 
 the ftate we found it; two of the columns were wanting, and only one half of the infcription remained ; 
 this Spon fortunately fupplied, from an ancient manufcript Ihewn to him at Zara. 
 
 The part remaining. 
 
 IMP. CAESAR. T. iELlVS 
 
 AUG. PIUS. COS. III. TRIB. POT. II. P. P. AQUJEDUCTUM. IN. NOVIS. 
 CONSUMMAV1T. 
 
 The part fupplied by Spon. 
 HADRIANUS ANTONINUS. 
 
 ATHENIS. COEPTUM. A. DIVO. HADRIANO. PATRE. SUO. 
 DEDICAVITQUE. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 A view of this antiquity in the ftate we faw it (*). On the top of Anchefmus, is a little church 
 dedicated to St. George; it feems to ftand in the fituation formerly occupied by the temple of Jupiter 
 Anchefmus, and enjoys a very extenfive profpedt. The figures reprefent an Albanefe mandra, or dairy. 
 The woman is milking a goat, and making kaimac, a fort of clouted cream, or milk thickened by eva¬ 
 poration, fome of which the man leading a horfe is come to purchafe. The Albanefe, who is leaning 
 againft one of the columns, appeared to be the mafter of the little family we fee here, which he chears 
 with the mufic of his fyrinx, compofed of feven reeds. 
 
 On the nearer ground, a calorgero is driving an afs, loaded with wine and olives, from the convent of 
 Hagio Afomato, part of which is feen at a fmall diftance, to the city refidence of thofe monks. The 
 diftant mountain is part of Hymettus, and a little building on its fide is the convent of St. Cyriani. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 The plan, elevation, and fe&ion of this frontifpiece. Thofe who have been accuftomed to fee what 
 are commonly called Venetian windows refembling this form, but with the arch fpringing from thecyma- 
 tium of the cornice, will look on this example as a deviation from the approved pradlice; but, if we 
 allow, that the mouldings of the cornice reprefent the timbers of the roof, as our mafter Vitruvius (b) 
 teaches, the cymatium, or upper moulding, muft reprefent the gutter; as thofe, who ftiall prefer, as a 
 more rational practice, the fpringing the arch from the architrave the moft firm and folid part of the 
 entablature, may think this example a fufficient authority. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 The bafe, capital, and entablature of this building. 
 
 They refemble the ancient Ionic examples Hill remaining at Rome, rather than thofe of the beft 
 age of Greece; the mouldings in general, it muft be allowed, are fimple, and in good tafte, though 
 not finiftied with that delicacy we have admired in the Eretftheum and the temple of Minerva Polias; 
 it is perhaps to be accounted a more complete fpecimen of this kind of the Ionic than any which 
 Rome can at prefent furnifli. 
 
 (a) This edifice is now entirely dcftroyed, and even the fcite of it 
 is not difcernibie; but the architrave with the infcription now forms 
 the lintel, or top of one of the gates, leading towards its ancient fitua¬ 
 tion in the prefent wall of the city, mentioned in the firft chapter of 
 this volume. 
 
 (i) Vitruvius, having enumerated the timbers ufed in the framing a roof, 
 adds :—E quibus rebus, et a materiatura fabri, in lapideis ct marmoreis 
 
 atdium facrarum redificationibus artifices difpofitiones eorum fculpturis funt 
 imitatl, et eas inventiones perfequendas putaverunt. 
 
 Vitruv. Lib. IV. C. 2 . 
 
 See Mr. Newton’s excellent tranflation of this author. 
 
 The remaining part of the chapter is employed in a fpccification of the 
 particulars imitated. 
 
 2 
 
 PLATE 
 
Of the Aqueduct of Hadrian * 
 PLATE IV, 
 
 *9 
 
 Fig* i. The capital r ever fed. 
 
 Fig. 2. The fide of the capital. 
 
 Fig- 3 - The fe&ion through the front of the capital. 
 
 Fig. 4. The fe&ion through the fide of the capital. 
 
 Fig- 5 - The mouldings of the architrave and of the arch. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of this aquedudt, was the Gymnafium called Cynofarges; and not far from it, 
 but nearer the City, another called the Lyceum; neither of them far from the Ilyffus: in thefe fchools, 
 among other manly exercifes, we may fuppofe, the youth were taught the ufe of miflive weapons; in the 
 channel of the Ilyffus we found feveral of the leaden bullets (a) they ufed to caft from their flings, and fome 
 brazen points of darts. The leaden bullets are lhaped like almonds, fome of them weigh upwards of 
 three ounces, others only an once and half. They have on one fide a thunderbolt, and on the other 
 the word AESA 2 . The points of the arrows were of different forms, fome having two, others, three 
 faces. 
 
 This head-piece is compofed from thefe ancient bullets and darts. 
 
 The vignette at the end reprefents a cathedra, perhaps the feat of the Gymnafiarch; of thefe there are 
 feveral at Athens, fome enriched with fculpture; others plain, but all of marble. 
 
 (a) See Xenophon’s retreat of the ten thoufand, the eicpedition of Cyrus, Book III. where he fays the flings of the Rhodians, with leaden bullets 
 carried twice as far as thofe of the Perfians that threw Hones. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 v • : : . . . ' , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' i 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 ■, . . 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[ 35 ] 
 
 Of the Monument of Philopappus. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 THIS building is called by the prefent Athenians To Seggio. . Paufanias barely mentions it; for, after 
 telling us, that “ there is a hill (a) oppofite to the Acropolis called the Mufeum, from Mufeus, a poet, 
 “ who ufed to recite his verfes there, and who, dying of extreme old age, was there buried,” he only 
 adds, “ here afterwards was ereded the monument of a certain Syrian nor does he fo far indulge our 
 curiofity as to give us his name. On the authority of the infcriptions ftill remaining, the travellers, who 
 have vifited Athens, have however generally called it the Monument of Philopappus. The view, the 
 plan, and the elevation, of this building, at Plate I. II. and III. of this chapter, render a minute verbal 
 defcription of it unneceflary. It is evident, there have been three niches in it, although only two re¬ 
 main ; in each of thefe is a fitting figure; under that facing the left hand of the fpedator, who ap¬ 
 proaches it, is this infcription, BA2IAEY2 ANTI0X02 BA2IAE02 ANTIOXOY, that is, king Antiochus , 
 Jon of king Antiochus. Under the figure, fitting in what has been the middle niche, is this infcription, 
 ^tXozontxos E7n<pANOY2 BH2AIEY2, that is, Philopappus the Jon of Ephiphanes of Befa , or a Bejaian. 
 Between thefe niches is a pilafter, on which is the following infcription: C.IFLIFS. CF. FABIA' 
 ANTIOCHFS • PHILOPAPPFS • COS • PRATER • AR FALIS • ALLECTFS ■ INTER • PR AL¬ 
 TO RIOS. AB. IMP. CAES ARE. NER FA.TRAIANO • OPTIMO • AFGFSTO ■ GERMANICO • 
 DACICO • In Englifh thus: Caius Julius , fon of Caius, of the tribe Fabia. Antiochus Philopappus , 
 Prater arvalis , ele&ed among the Pratorians by the mof excellent 'and auguft emperor Cafar New a Traja- 
 nus , who triumphed over the Germans and the Dacians (b). By this infcription we learn, that Caius Ju¬ 
 lius Antiochus Philopappus arrived at diftinguifhed honours at Rome. It likewife fettles the date of 
 the building; for, Trajan was faluted with the title OPTFMFS, or moft excellent, in the year 109 ; 
 and with DACICFS at the conclufion of the Dacian war, which happened before that time. In his 
 
 (a) This hill was fortified by Demetrius, the fou of Antigonus, who (J) Spon has imagined this infcription to be imperfeff, and that half of 
 put a garrifon of Macedonians into it: they were afterwards driven out by it was continued on the other pilafter, which is at prefent wanting, 
 the Athenians. See Voyage de Spon, T. II, p. 206- 
 
 See Paul. Attic, cap. xxv. p. 61. Edit. Khunii. 
 
 On this I muft obferve, that the infcription does not occupy half the 
 It is within the circuit of the ancient walls of the city, which may be fpace on the pilafter. Had it been twice as long as it is, there was ample 
 here clearly traced. room for it. 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 K 
 
 fecond 
 
3 6 
 
 fecond expedition to the Eaft, 
 iii, he was faluted with the 
 may therefore fairly conclude 
 
 Of the Monument of Philopappus. 
 
 after he had expelled Cohoes from the kingdom of Farthia, in the year 
 title PAKIH 1 CVS, a title not given him in this infcripuon, which we 
 was made before the laft of thefe acclamations. 
 
 At the bottom of the hill on which this monument is built, at the part neareft the temple of Jupiter 
 Olympius, I faw, lying on the ground, two ftatucs (a) : they have flood erefl, are in Roman habits, and 
 are^exadtly in the fame ftyle of workmanlhip with the fculptu.es ftill remaining on the monument, 
 whence they feem to have been rolled down to their prefent Gtuation ; one of thefe I can 
 bear fuppofing flood originally over the pilafter on which we fee the Latin infcr.ption; and he other 
 over its correfponding pilafter, which, with the part that faced the right hand, has been utterly - 
 lifhed. The part of this building already deferibed Hands on a bafement, which has been divided into 
 three compartments, adorned with fculptures. In that under the middle niche is a perfon, fuppo e 
 the emperor Trajan, feated in a triumphal chariot, drawn by four horfes; they are led by a youth, and 
 immediately preceded by a perfon on foot; the chariot is followed by a captive; in the compartment 
 under the niche, where king Antiochus is fitting, are five perfons, attendants on the triumph , they 
 each hold fume enfign of dignity, but they are fo mutilated as not to be d.ftinaly particularized. The 
 compartment which is deftroyed was probably filled with other captives who followed the triumphal 
 
 Wheler and Spon have fuppofed the Philopappus, to whom they attribute this monument, to have 
 been a defeendant from the kings of Syria. Perhaps, if we examine the fubjeft more attentively, we 
 fhall find reafon to conclude, that it was not the monument of a Angle perfon, but that it was eredted 
 in honour of the laft king of Commagene, and more than one of his defeendants. A flight Iketch of 
 h ; (lory will, I apprehend, render what I have to fay on this fubjeft intelligible. Commagene was that 
 Northern part of Syria laft fubdued by the Romans, at which time Antiochus, furnamed Afiaticus, and 
 Commagenus, the fucceflbr of Tigranes, was deprived of the kingdom of Syria by Pompey, 6 3 years 
 before the Chriftian sera : he feems notwithftanding to have ftill preferved feme authority in Commagene, 
 and to have retained the title of king ; for, Cicero, who about lo years afterwards went as governor 
 into Cilicia, fays, “ Antiochus, king of Commagene, fent meffengers to inform him, that the Par- 
 “ thians had begun to pafs the Euphrates with a great army, in order to invade the Roman tern- 
 “ tory ( b.y 
 
 This kingdom, with ftiort intervals, and of interrupted fucceflions, was continued in his family till 
 the year of Chrift 72 or 73; when Antiochus IV. was deprived of it by Vcfpafian (c), who commanded 
 him to come to Rome; where he and his family feem to have lived in affluence, and to have been 
 treated with refpea. Commagene then became a Roman province, and ceafed to be a kingdom. 
 
 Antiochus IV. married Jotape ; by whom he had two fons, Epiphanes and Kallinicus; the laft-men- 
 tioned was probably adopted into a Roman family ; and Epiphanes, the eldeft, feems to have become a 
 citizen of Athens, and to have had his name enrolled with the Demotai, or corporation of Eefa, a De¬ 
 mos, or townlhip, belonging to the tribe Antiochis, fo named in honour of Antiochus, a fon of Her¬ 
 cules : it was likewife the name of feveral kings of Syria, fome of whom had been benefaflors to the 
 Athenians. I fuppofe a fon of Epiphanes was reprefented by the ftatue feated in the middle niche, with 
 his grandfather Antiochus IV. on one fide, and perhaps Epiphanes, the fon of Antiochus, and father of 
 Philopappus, on the other; and that the ftatue of a. fon of Kallinicus, a Roman by adoption, was placed 
 over the pilafler on which we read the Latin infeription; while a ftatue of fome other diftinguifhed per¬ 
 fon of the family flood over the pilafter which is now wanting. 
 
 („) Thefe ft.tuei were not there in the year 17S5. W Suiton. in Vef r »f vil. eip.*. 
 
 (i) Regis Antiochi Commagene legati primi mihi nunc nundarant 
 Parthorum magnas copias Euphratem tranfire ccepifle. 
 
 Cic. Epift. fain. Lib. l. -Epiil. 15. 
 
 PLATE 
 
Of the Monument of Philopappus . 37 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 A view of this monument in its prefent ftate. On the foreground Mr. Revett and myfelf are introduced 
 with our friends Mr. James Dawkins and Mr. Robert Wood ; the laft of whom is occupied in copying the 
 infcription on the pilafter. Our Janizary is making coffee, which we drank here; the boy, fitting down 
 with his hand in a bafket, attends with our cups and faucers. A goatherd with his goats and dogs are 
 alfo reprefented. In the diftance is feen part cf the gulph of Athens, anciently the Gnus Saronicus; on the 
 neareft fhore is feen the harbour of Phalerus, and to the right of it Munychia ; the Pireus lies ftill far¬ 
 ther to the right, fo as not to be brought into this view. The mountain feen over Munychia is part 
 of Salamis, and the lower ridge on the left is part of ALgina j at the greateft diftance is a mountain in the 
 Peloponnefus, not far from Argos. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 Fig. 1. Plan of the bafement. 
 
 Fig. 2. Plan of the part decorated with pilafters and niches. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 The elevation of the front, reftored fo far as the authorities found will juftify. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 A tranfverfe fedlion through the middle of the monument. 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 The mouldings of the bafement, with the bafe of the Corinthian pilafters: 
 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 Fig. 1. The bafe, capital, and architrave of the pilafter, in the back front. 
 
 Fig. a. The plan of the capital reverfed. 
 
 Fig. 3. The profile of the capital. 
 
 Fig. 4. The mouldings of the niches in the curved front. 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 Fig. 1: The capital and entablature of the curved or principal front. 
 
 Fig. a. Se&ion of the capital. 
 
 PLATE 
 
3 ^ 
 
 Of the Monument of Philopappus. 
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 The central part of the baflo relievo under the middle niche, fuppofed to reprefent the triumph of the 
 emperor Trajan, in which are feen the figure of the emperor and that of the leader of the car. 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 Reprefents two figures, which, added to the above, complete the central baflo relievo. 
 
 A. is the perfon who precedes the car on foot. 
 
 B. is the captive who follows it. 
 
 PLATE X. 
 
 Is the baflb relievo reprefenting the five attendants who precede the triumph. 
 
 PLATE XI. 
 
 The two figures, in the niches of which 
 
 C. reprefents the ftatue of Philopappus in the central niche. 
 
 D. that of king Antiochus on the right hand of the above. 
 
 Xh= 
 
Of the Monument of Philopappus. 
 
 39 
 
 f two meda, %° f .^ ra “ a ^-«-*.«** is a „ an¬ 
 ils BASI/EQS TIOT nr'tlf L' ’ f cornucopia, fimflung with an infant's head; the legend 
 
 r.s tassr*—■ ■ ™- 
 
 Tl, .ti r:,- l two ytttog , o O o htohlutfc, with tho afctption t. rtot T]0 , : , 
 
 pored to be Epiphanes and Call™, the two fons of A„ rio chu S h Fotrth The t 7 ^ 
 
 
 (a) The medals from which thefe drawings 
 jpurpofe. 
 
 » the colleftioa of Richeri P„„e Kni E h,, Ef,. .ho obli E l„gl, Uu lhcm for , h , 
 
 Vot.. Ill 
 
 CHAPTER 
 


WH 
 
Voun.a>VFLXi. 
 
 u L-y 
 

Era 
 
 
 
 Of the Temple at Corinth. 
 
 AFTER we left Venice, the firft place in Greece, where we found any remains of ancient buildings 
 worth our notice, was at Corinth. Here are the remains of a Doric temple, apparently of great an¬ 
 tiquity, and built before arclmeaure had received the improvements it afterwards did in the time of 
 Pericles. 
 
 The part where five columns are feen has the appearance of having been the front («); probably 
 the Angle column was in the internal portico, with ante at the extremities of each wall; in which 
 cafe this temple muft have been undoubtedly peripteros, and therefore probably had not more than fix 
 columns in front, and, in its general difpofition, not unlike the temple of Thefeus. The columns have 
 twenty (lutings, which terminate under the liftels of the capital, and are fegments of circles (A) The 
 gutta: are round, and detached from the architrave. The material is a rough porous Hone, the ihafts 
 of the columns are each of one block only, and the whole has been covered with ftucco. The dimi- 
 nution of the fhafts begins from the bottom. 
 
 The architraves are of one (lone each from center to center of the columns. 
 
 („) Tlw f.bjc& of .hi, chapter wete drawn free, .he original %u,=d rhe material, made 1=6 accuracy necelTary than in ,he nrm, of A.lcna, 
 Ocetohe, made by Mcffr,. Stuart and Revet, no inithed drawing having which „c of the -I cotteri workmanlhip of white marble, 
 been made. I he meafures of this antiquity are taken in inches of eighths 
 
 inftead of decimals, as in the other examples ; probably the roughnefs of W ’The.depths were fo uncertainly figured as not to warrant the in. 
 
 fertion of them in the plate. 
 
 PLATE 
 
42 
 
 Of the 'Temple at Corinth. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 View of the ruins of the temple at Corinth (a). 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 Fig. i. Elevation of what is fuppofed to have been the flank of the temple. The modern wall 
 between the columns is inferted in this elevation j no meafures of the column which formed a part of 
 the pronaos have b-en found. 
 
 Fig. 2. Plan of the temple. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 Fig. 1. Capital and architrave of the columns with the ftep. There were fix drops under each 
 triglyph, but all of them broke off, for which reafon they could not be meafured nor drawn. 
 
 Fig. 2. Annulets, or Mels, under the ovolo, full fize. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 View of the Acro-Corinthos, or Acropolis of Corinth ( 'b ). 
 
 (a) Mr. Stuart has not left any defcription of this view. 
 
 (£' This plate is engraved from a drawing of Mr. Cozens, made from 
 an original unfiniflied, drawn by Mr. Stuart. It is taken from the Northern 
 fubuibot Corinth, from which the Acro-Corinthos bears about South- 
 Eaft, and is about a mile and a half diftant. The Northern alpcct of the 
 
 Acro-Corinthos is much more linking than that which is here reprelented, 
 the fummit of the mountain being more conical, and the fides (ailing more 
 precipitately : this mountain is nearly infular, and its fortified fummit may 
 be regarded as a more impregnable military pofition than Guallior in Hin. 
 dollan. 
 
 The 
 
Of the Temple at Corinth. 
 
 43 
 

Of the Bridge over the HyJJus, and the Stadium Panathenaicum. 
 
 THIS bridge is very much ruined (a), no part of the outer face remaining, except five or fix ftones 
 at the fpringing of the arch, marked A. The arches are femicircular; the pier is about five-twelfths 
 of the arch. The breadth of the bridge could not be meafured to any certainty, but it mull have been 
 at lead above feventy feet. The fituation accounts for its extraordinary breadth, which is diredly front¬ 
 ing the Stadium Panathenaicum, and over it palled thofe who attended the games. There are at prefent 
 no remains of any ornamental architedure either about the bridge or dadium. 
 
 PLATE 
 
 I. 
 
 A view of the channel of the IlifTus, and of the bridge, now partly ruined, but which formerly led 
 to the Stadium Panathenaicum, and to the country of Agra. This channel is generally dettitute of wa¬ 
 ter, except in the rainy feafon, when it imbibes fufficient moifture to produce fome herbage even in 
 the dog-days, during which feafon the air is fo heated as to raife the mercury in Fahrenheit’s thermo¬ 
 meter, though placed in the lhade, to 96% and fometimes to upwards of 99 0 . At this time the open 
 country is then entirely parched up, and all appearance of verdure for feveral weeks utterly deftroyed. 
 
 (a) It was deftroyed as low as the bed of the ri 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 The 
 
 J 
 
 KWfc.- 
 
 
48 
 
 Of the Bridge over the Ilyjjus , 
 
 The figures and animals are, I believe, part of the fame family and flock, introduced in the view of 
 the arch of Hadrian; the female vifitors are relations to the men, and aflift them in gathering and 
 conducing homeward the flock, which is lodged for the night under the fame roof with the reft of 
 the family, the number of wolves in this country rendering fuch precaution neceflary. The mufic, 
 with which thefe female vifitors are entertained, is produced by a kind of flagelet and a. guittar, 
 played on with a bow, as if it were a violin. Through the middle arch of the bridge is feen at a 
 diftance the little Ionic temple, given in the fecond Chapter of Vol. I. On the right hand appear 
 fome of the columns of Hadrian. The channel of Hadrian lies between the two laft-mentioned anti- 
 quities, and forms a kind of dell, in which the fountain Callirhoe gufhes out from among fome rocks. 
 On the diftant hill, formerly called the Mufeum, ftands the monument of Philopappus. Over the 
 two goats on the left hand is the Weftern extremity of the Stadium, now entirely defpoiled of the 
 furprifing quantity of marble with which it was fo magnificently adorned by Herodes Atticus. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 Plan of the bridge, with the elevation of it next to the South Weft. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 View of the Stadium Panathenaicum, taken as ftanding upon the elevated part of the circular end, 
 which is next to the South, and looking down upon it. The ruins on each fide in the foreground 
 are the fhapelefs mafles of rubble, defpoiled of the marble with which the whole was once covered. 
 The general lines, where the marble feats once were, are here diftinguifhed along the fide, though none 
 now remain. On each extremity, next to the Ilyfliis, the fame fort of rubble-work remains, and may 
 be perceived in this view ; as alfo the piers of the bridge over the Ilyflus, which, though pulled down 
 too low to be perceived from this fituation when this view was drawn (a), were the only mean? by 
 which the river could be indicated, as it does not rife high enough in its bed to be feen at any time 
 from hence, though the bridge certainly would have been, had it exifted. Over the hill, on the right, 
 is the top of mount Anchefmus. On the left is feen a part of the modern wall of the city ; and, in 
 the middle of the view, is the plain of Athens, North of the city, with the hills called Corydallus, an¬ 
 ciently, but now Daphne, in the diftance. 
 
 The Head-Piece to this chapter is a fragment in the wall of a fmall old church on the left hand 
 going from the Temple of Thefeus to the Poikile, nearly oppofite to the Gymnafium. The three 
 fpears, with thongs or loops, feem to deferve our notice, as it, in fome degree, explains the manner in 
 
 (a) In 1785, and is here inferted as an addition, Mr. Stuart not having drawn any view of it, nor any other plan than what is in the map of 
 the city. 
 
 which 
 
which the ancient horfemen, 
 Xenophon. 
 
 and the Stadium Panathenaicum. _ 
 
 4 ? 
 
 by the aid of their fpears, vaulted on to their horfes backs, as related by 
 
 The Tail-Piece is copied from a baffo relievo, 
 antagonift, and is anointing himfelf. I could not 
 to find his hair and beard un£horn. 
 
 reprefentrng an athleta, preparing to encounter his 
 diicover any infcription on it, and thought it ftrange 
 
 CHAPTER 
 
i- - 
 
-fit- 
 
mmksss 
 
C 5 1 ] 
 
 CHAPTER VIIP 
 
 Of the Odeum of Regilla , 
 
 THIS rum is too refpeStable, on account of its extent, to be pafled over Unnoticed; but it is fo hi 
 demohrtied, that nothing more than the general form of its plan can poffibly be afcertainedj the prefent 
 Athenians call it the Areopagus, and Spon has adopted this opinion, but Wheeler has fome doubts whe¬ 
 ther it is really the ruin of that famous tribunal, or the Odeum. Dr. Chandler (*) has fuppofed it to 
 have been the Pnyx, To this opinion I can have little objection, except that I do not fee how the ac¬ 
 count which Plutarch has given of this place, in his life of Themiftocles, can be here verified, that Uj 
 how the Suggeftum, or pulpit, could be faid to look towards the Tea, until it was by the thirty tyrants 
 turned fo that it looked towards the country, or how juftice, when feated on that part of the hfll Areo¬ 
 pagus which faced the ruin, fhould have feen Pan coming towards her from his grotto under the Acro¬ 
 polis, fince her back would have been turned to him. I, however, think it is the Odeum built by Atti- 
 cus Herodes in honour of his wife Regilla. It appears to me that Paufanias ( 6 ) fpeaks of it, where, de- 
 fcribing the buildings of Patrafs* he fays, “ on one fide of the Forum is the Odeum, where is ah Apollo 
 “ worthy of obfervation, &c.” and continues to obferve, “ this is the n'obleft and moll adorned of any 
 " Odeum in Greece, except that of Athens, which, for fize, and in every refpedl, excels, built by ah 
 ,c Athenian named Herodes. In my treatife of Attica I omitted the defcription of this theatre, bgcaufe Jf 
 , “ had finished writing before the building was completed.” 
 
 This Odeum appears to me to be diftindt from that built by Pericles. No hint is given in any an-' 
 cient author, who has mentioned the Odeum of Pericles, that it was repaired by Herodes, but, on thd 
 contrary, he is faid to have built his Odeum in honour of Regilla, not to have repaired an old one. 
 Indeed that theatre having been repaired by Ariobarzanes, King of Cappadocia, about the time of Au~ 
 guftus, would render another repair in the time of Trajan or Hadrian rather improbable. 
 
 (a) See Chandler's Travels in Greece. (t) In his Achaia. 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 o 
 
 P L A T £ 
 
Of the Odeum rf Regilldh 
 
 5 * 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 This Flate contains, Fig. I. the plan of the remains of the theatre,* which are fcarcely more than thfc 
 tock on which it flood; the front which looks towards the city is raifed by a fort of irregular ruftic wall, 
 and the back line, in an obtufe angle, is formed by the natural rock, which is a dark-coloured hard 
 ftone, being cut down to the level. Almofl the whole of the prefent remains are cut in the rock. A are 
 fome fteps which lead from the theatre to the level above it, B is a rock cut in the manner of a wall. 
 
 Fig. i. The pulpitum, drawn by a larger fcale. 
 
 Fig. 3. Profile of the pulpitum* 
 
 The Head-Piece to this chapter is part of the capital of a pilafter* 
 
 The Tail-Piece is an ornament found in the convent of Daphne* 
 
 CHAPTER 
 
C 53 ] 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 WE {hall now take 
 the chief of the black 
 the Greek, who was 
 
 leaft a renewal of that with which Sir James Porter had furnifhed us. To folicit this, I fet out for 
 Conftantinople; but an untoward circumftance obliged me to flop by the way, and retire to Theflalonica, 
 where it was my good fortune to find Mr. Paradife, our conful, who received me with the moft cordial 
 hofpitality ; I (hall always remember, with pleafure and gratitude, the many kind offices for which I am 
 indebted to him. 
 
 Hence it became unfafe to proceed farther, on account of the plague, which had broken out in 
 feveral places through which 1 muft have pafled had 1 continued my journey. Mr. Revet, whom I 
 had left at Athens, joined me at Theflalonica; and, foon after his arrival, the plague manifefted itfelf. 
 The contagion fpread with dreadful rapidity, and raged for fome time with unremitted violence, 
 infomuch that, in the fpace of a few months, near 30,000 people are faid to have perifhed. Thefe 
 circumftances put an effectual flop to my intended expedition to Conftantinople. 
 
 Frefh obftacles arifing, we thought it prudent to relinquilh all farther purfuits, and return home with 
 what we had already obtained: we therefore agreed to go to Smyrna, where we had fome friends, and 
 where we fhould probably find an early opportunity of procuring a fafe and fpeedy paflage to England. 
 
 We had vifited fuch objedts of curiofity as our enquiries could difeover at Theflalonica before we left 
 it; but, although it is a large and populous city, faid at that time to contain 100,000 inhabitants, we 
 found the remains of only one building, the defeription of which we could flatter ourfelves would interefl: 
 the lovers of ancient art. 
 
 This is fituated in the Jews quarter; five Corinthian columns on their pedeftals fupport an entablature^ 
 over which is an Attic adorned with figures in alto relievo; on the fide next the ftreet are a Victory s 
 a Medea, perhaps, or a Helen, with a diadem and feepter, a Telephus, and a Ganymede; and, next the 
 court-yard of the Jews-houfe, a Bacchante dancing and playing on the flute, a Bacchus, a Bacchante 
 crowned with vine leaves, and a Leda. It feems difficult, if not impoflible, to afeertain the fpecies of 
 
 Vol. HI. P building 
 
 Of a Ruin at Salonicha , called the Incantada, 
 
 our leave of Athens, where the turbulencies which arofe on the death of Bekir, 
 eunuchs, occafioned fome obftrudtion to our purfuits; and the infolent rapacity of 
 our conful there, rendered it neceflary for us to procure better prote&ion, or at 
 
54 Qf a Ruin at Sa/onicha , 
 
 building of which this ruin once made a part; for, though the figures I have fpecified would feem to be 
 proper decorations for a theatre, no traces were difcovered that might confirm the opinion thefe figures 
 fuggefted; nor does the vulgar tradition of the place afford any light, that may affift our enquiries. I 
 will, however, relate the account they give, juft as I received it, fince it will give the reader fome idea 
 of the prefent Greeks, fhew their propensity for the marvellous, and the facility with which, from a few 
 given circumftances, they can make out a wonderful ftory. 
 
 This building they call Goetria the Incantada, and affirm it to have been the work of magic art- 
 On being afked when, and on what occafion, this extraordinary fadt Was performed, they anfwered, the 
 fadl was undoubted; every body knew that their great King Alexander conquered Perfiar when he was 
 preparing to invade that empire, he follicited the affiftance of a King of Thrace, who accordingly united 
 his forces to thofe of his Macedonian neighbour, attending in perfon, with his family, at the court of 
 Alexander, where they were royally entertained, and lodged in a fumptuous palace near his own, com¬ 
 municating with it by means of a magnificent gallery, of which thefe columns are the remains. The 
 Thracian Queen, a lady of tranfcendent beauty, accompanied her hufband on this vifit. Alexander, 
 young, and unaccuftomed to controul his paffions, ardent in the purfuits of love as of glory, dazzled 
 with fuch excefs of charms, determined to violate the rights of hofpitality, and feduce the Queen of 
 Thrace. He contrived, by means of this gallery, to pay her frequent vifits, though not fo privily as 
 to efcape the notice of her hufband, who, having verified his fufpicions, refolved to take a dreadful 
 revenge on the deluder. He had in his train a fkilful necromancer from Pontus, who, difcovering by 
 his art the inftant that Alexander was to pafs to the Queen’s apartment, fcattered his fpells and charms 
 throughout this gallery; they were of fuch marvellous power, that whoever fhould, at a certain hour, 
 attempt to pafs, would inevitably be converted into ftone. Ariftotle, a conjurer attached to Alexander, 
 and of fkill greatly fuperior to the man of Pontus, difcovered his danger time enough to prevent it: by 
 his advice and entreaties, Alexander was prevailed on to forbear for once his appointed vifit. The im¬ 
 patient Queen, tired with expectation, fent one of her confidential fervants to fee if her lover was 
 coming, and fhe herfelf foon follow'ed. At this inftant, the King, fuppofing the magic had worked all 
 its effe£t, iffued forth, attended by his conjurer, to feaft his eyes with a fight of the revenge he had 
 taken; when, ftrange to relate, both companies, thofe with the King, as well as thofe with the Queen, 
 were inftantly changed to ftone, and remain to this hour a monument of vengeance on a jealous 
 hufband and an unfaithful wife. 
 
 Several churches are to be feen in Theffalonica, which were built by the Conftantinopolitan Emperors, 
 now converted into Mofcheas by the Turks. Thefe churches, and a triumphal arch ftill remaining, are 
 laid to have been ereCled in honour of Theodofius, A. D. 390, and prove, that the decay of empire 
 and of arts kept a pretty equal pace with each other. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 A view of the Incantada, taken in the court-yard of a Jew merchant, on whofe premifes it ftands. 
 The figures reprefent an interview between Conful Paradife and the Jew. The Conful had, with great 
 good-nature, infilled on attending us to the Jew’s houfe, the more effectually and more readily to obtain 
 permiffion for us to meafure and defign whatever we might find there worthy our notice; and, as the 
 columns were buried to a confiderable depth, to dig where we thought proper. The Jew received us at 
 the door of his court-yard; he was attended by a boy with coffee, which, with great refpeCt, he imme¬ 
 diately offered to the Conful; his wife, from a kind of gallery, gently reprehended her hufband for a 
 breach of decorum, by offering his coffee before he had defired the Conful to fit down; two young 
 women, her daughters, were with her; their curiofity had prompted them to venture thus far, to take 
 a view of their father s vifitors. An old woman, who was fpinning, approached us with a greater 
 appearance of confidence. The figures, which are feen at a little diltance, are Mr. Revett and myfelf, 
 with my excellent friend young Mr. Paradife, then about 10 years old, attended by a Greek, who was 
 Dragoman to the Conful. 
 
 PLATE 
 
PLATE II. 
 
 The plan3 elevation, and fe&ion, of the Incantada. 
 
 The capital and entablature. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 Fedeftal, bafe, and plan reverled of the capital. 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 Moulding of the Attic, and two Macedonian medals of the fame device; one barbarous, the other 
 elegant work. 
 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 A figure reprefenting Vi&ory. 
 
 plate vii, 
 
 A royal lady; perhaps Helen, the fubjed of a tragedy of Euripides. 
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 Telephus. Euripides has written a tragedy with this title, of which only a fragment remains. 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 Ganymedes. See the Trojans of Euripides. 
 
 PLATE X. 
 
 PLATE XI. 
 
 Bacchante with a Thyrfus. 
 
 PLATE XII 
 
 Bacchus with a Tiger. See the Bacchae of Euripides. 
 
 PLATE 
 
c6 
 
 Of a Ruin at Salonicha, called the Incantada. 
 
 PLATE XIII- 
 
 A Bacchante dancing and playing on a flute. 
 
 The headpiece of this chapter may ferve to confirm what has been ftggefted in the defcription of 
 Plate V. concerning the medals of Macedon; the fir" medal being a moft uncouth attempt to exprefs 
 the head of Jupiter, and the horfeman; both of which we fee : ecuted With fuperror art and elegance 
 in the fecund. P This will furprize no one who has feen the core antrent Tctradrachms, the woikms- 
 fhip of which do not furpafs that of thefe barbarous IU * coins, introduced here only to combat 
 
 an opinion that calls them barbarous Celtic. 
 
 The ufe of them is obvious, as they mark the fl 
 the medals of Macedon have frequently the portrait, 
 reign they were ftruck, they may be confidered as i . 
 
 re exactly than the Athenian; for, as 
 .ally the name, of the King in whofe 
 ces of the Hate of the arts in each reign. 
 
 The tail-piece is a baflb relievo in the fchool near the lia Panagia; elegantly wrought, but very 
 ill prefeived. 
 
 POMAME0HAIKIAIOMOHAIK 02. HAH 
 ANN2A2 FKTM AX BAAX TfTN T MAFIA Al 
 NrETONAElAI/AEAPlXTOKAHZ HEIPAI 
 E YS flAlXAF 
 
 CHAPTER 
 
 
 
ns 
 

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[ 57 ] 
 
 OAfKTON©Of/“M ~f\ k P1 ft i K h I T O i ( Pt hi ^ 
 
 ,'aOPONZHNlWO 
 ylONEAEni>\EAHTI1 
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 ' H NAIfiN KAI POA'Ain 
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 ; nTOIKOYnTEXKAI^-J 
 
 . PEPIAHA\OY TE- f 
 
 I? ENAHAJ!IAPETH£ "jS 
 
 lENEKENKAIAlKAIOtYNP-: 
 
 IANE^HKAN 
 
 H£ EICEAYTON 
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 AYTO K PATOPAKAIIAPAOf. OY J 
 
 YIONAPmPlOE I 
 
 ,1 AHTON ' 
 
 
 
 ^/VAllOTArOAAn 
 
 CHAPTER X; 
 
 Of the lfland of Delos . 
 
 THE lfland of Delos has been fo well defcribed by Wheler and Spon, Tournefort, and others, that 
 few particulars remain unnoticed by them; and many things they favv are now deftroyed. What Teemed 
 chiefly to deferve our notice, were the Temple of Apollo, and the Portico of Philip, King of Macedon, 
 than which laft I have not any where feen a more elegant Doric example, nor any more fitted for the ufe 
 of profane or private edifices. 
 
 This ifland, once fo celebrated, the refort of multitudes, the feat of religion, religious ceremonies, 
 and pompous proceflions, is now an uninhabited defert, every where ftrewed with ruins, fo various, and 
 fo well wrought, as to evince its once populous and flourifhing condition. The only animals we faw 
 here, beflde rabbets and fnakes, were a few fheep brought occafionally from Mycone, a neighbouring 
 ifland, to crop the fcanty herbage which the ruins will permit to grow. Travellers, who have vifited this 
 place, have been diftreft for water; I have, therefore, given a map of the ifland, in which, among 
 other particulars, the fituation of an excellent well is marked. The number of curious marbles here is 
 continually diminifhing (a), onaccountof a cuflom, the Turks have, of placing, at the heads of the grav/s 
 of their deceafed friends, a marble column ; and the miferable fculptors of that nation come here every 
 year, and work up the fragments for that purpofe, carving the figure of a turban on the top of the monu¬ 
 mental {tone. Other pieces they carry off for lintels and window cills; fo that, in a few years, it 
 may be as naked as when it firft made its appearance above the furface of the fea. The defcription and 
 map of this ifland, given by Monf. Tournefort, are both very exadt (b ): it was our misfortune not to 
 have his book with us, or to have read it, before our return to England. Here are two examples of the 
 Doric order, both excellent in their kind; one of which belongs to, what I imagine to have been, the 
 
 (a) In the year 1785, there were no remains but one tingle altar of (b) Mr. Reveley, who had Tourncfort’s voyage, found his defcriptions 
 marble, broken into pieces, with heaps of ruins of buildings, but not even in general very true ; but, a great part of the antiquities being either carried 
 a ftone of any regular form, or any ornamental fragments. 1 The antiquities, away, deftroyed, or burnt into lime, the iflands are. now lefs interefting, 
 defcribed in this • chapter, are laid to have been taken away by a Ruffian have both fewer inhabitants and arc lefs cultivated, lome of them without 
 fleet, in the laft war againft the Turks. any inhabitants at all, and entirely bare, as is the cafe in this ifland. 
 
 Temple 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 0 
 
^ 8 Of the IJland of Delos\ 
 
 Temple of Apollo; the other to the portico of Philip ( c ) ; the latter, on account of the lightnefs of its 
 proportions differs from all the other examples we have given, and is more fuitable for common ufe. We 
 found it impoffible to make out the extent or plans of either of the above buildings. We have, therefore, 
 given only defigns of the fragments now remaining. 
 
 PLATE L 
 
 The plan and elevation of two Doric columns of the Temple of Apollo at Delos; the fhafts are 
 fluted at their upper and lower extremities, but the intermediate part is plain. It is poflible, that on 
 folemn occafions the plain part was covered with tapeftry. We could not form any opinion on the dimen- 
 fions of this Temple. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 Shaft, capital, and entablature, of the columns. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 Plan and elevation of the portico of Philip King of Macedon. The extent of it we could not 
 determine. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 The fliaft, capital, and entablature, of the columns. The infcription is given by Tournefort, who 
 'vifited Delos in the year 1770. 
 
 The head-piece to this chapter exhibits feveral fragments, and infcriptions, which I know not where to 
 introduce with more propriety. Thofe at the top and bottom are oppoflte fides of the fame ftone, which is 
 nineteen feet long. The infcription is entire, and fays, that the pedeftal and ftatue are of the fame piece 
 of marble; but it feems to be a flab, fawed out of a much larger block. The infcription at the bottom ex- 
 preffes, that it is a gift of the Naxians to Apollo ; and the chara&ers are of a later age. 
 
 The two extreme pieces of fculpture, which are two feet fix inches fquare each, are remaining parts of a 
 trophy eredted near the portico of Philip, which have fuffered much from violence. One probably is a 
 Macedonian fhield, and poflibly has had a head of Perfeus upon it. 
 
 The other fhield is probably Theban. 
 
 (c) The following conjeflure of Mr. Stuart, written in a fketch-book, “ Is it not probable, that this portico was erefted by Philip, after the 
 is here inferred. It appears, however, uncertain, whether he intended facred war ; and that thefe ruined trophies are of liimfelf, and his allies the 
 it Ihould be publiflied or not, viz.. Bcetians i” 
 
 On 
 
:_4bopp<! 
 

3 
 
 [ <51 
 
 At 4 TE 
 N1K0AN/VIOY 
 AiriAlEiT-i 
 
 nEiiikPATEiA 
 KAAAKpONTOS 
 TAPTHTTIOV 
 01TAT H P 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Of an Ionic Colonade near the Lantern of Demojlhenes. 
 
 NEAR the lantein-of Demoilhenes are the remains of an Ionic colonade, now part of an oil-mill; 
 they confift of three columns ereft, of which two, with their architrave, are in their original fituation. 
 
 The workmanfliip is very rude and unfinifhed, from which circumftances they were, probably, never 
 intended to be mucl expofed to fight. The columns are of a greyilh marble, and the {hafts each of one 
 niece The bales hive no plinths, and the intercolumniation is three diameters and half. We obferved 
 in the capitals, font, remarkable Angularities. Though it is not poflible to difcover what this building 
 was, it is undoubteoly a part of a confiderable edifice. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 Fig. i. Elevation of the Columns. 
 
 Fig. a. Plan of ditto. 
 
 Fig. 3. Plan of the capital. 
 
 -J 
 
 , 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Fig. 4 . 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
6z 
 
 Of an Ionic Colonade near the Lantern of Detnofthenes. 
 
 l\ ' 
 
 Fig. 4. Flank of the capital. 
 
 Fig. 5. Sedlion through the front of ditto. 
 
 Fig. 6. Sedtion through the flank of ditto. 
 
 Fig. 7. The fpiral line of the volute, by a larger fcale. 
 
 Fig. 8, The fedtion of the volute and abacus, which, by a raiftake, has been put upfide down. 
 
 Fig. 9. Eye of the volute. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 Fig. 1. The bafe, capital, architrave, and frieze; 
 
 Fig. 2. Profile of the internal face of the architrave. 
 
 The Head-Piece is a baflo relievo, of very ordinary workmanlhip, in the wall of the fchool, near Megalia 
 Panagia, at Athens. 
 
 The Tail-Piece is a baflo relievo, of very mafterly ftyle, but flightly finilhed, over the door of a church 
 near Maioufi. 
 
 CHAP- 
 
Offome Antiquities , which) from their ruined State , are more inconfiderable. 
 
 BESIDES the ruins already defcribed in this volume, feveral lefs confiderable remains are to be feen 
 in different parts of Athens. 
 
 Of thefe the Gymnafium of Ptolemy- occupies by much the largeft fpace; detached fragments of its 
 ruined walls remain in that part of the city near the Bafar, and are there intermixed with a number of 
 habitations, many of them the refidence of Turkilh families, amongft whom an extreme regard for the 
 honour of their women renders accefs difficult, and a diligent refearch impracticable. 
 
 This was, however, lefs to be regretted, fince, from the fulleft information we could, after the ftrideft 
 enquiry, obtain, we were affured, that not any fragment of fculpture or architectural ornament was to 
 be found there. I have, therefore, contented myfelf with marking its iituation in the map of Athens 
 in this volume, and therein expreffing the form of its outward Walls. 
 
 There is likewife a building near the Tower of the Winds, that attracted our notice: it is of un¬ 
 doubted antiquity, and not void of elegance; but, as it was inhabited by a Turkiffi lady, a widow, re- 
 fpeCted for her exemplary life, her auftere manners, and extenfive bounty, we did not prefs with un¬ 
 becoming folicitation for admiffion into her houfe ; for, had ffie complied, it would have been efteemed 
 a high breach of Turkiffi decorum ; this, together with her moft religious deteftation of all Who were 
 not true believers, effectually excluded us, and difappointed our curiofity. We, however, meafured and 
 made drawings of the external face next to the ftreet, but have not been able to form fo much as a guefa 
 at its original name or deftination; but the fragment of an infcription on its frieze proves it to have 
 been a public edifice, and its form ffiews that it was not a temple. 
 
 It faces the Eaft, and lies due South of the Temple of the Winds* 
 
 The whole is contained in one plate. 
 
 Fig. i. Elevation of the part remaining, which (hews that there Were not fewer than three arche), 
 
 Fig. 2. Plan of ditto. 
 
 Fig. 3. Capitals of the pilafters, with the profile of the archivolt; the fpandrd, on which is a rofe, 
 proieds equal to the upper facia of the archivolt, as (hewn upon the right hand fide, where the profile of 
 the archivolt is given; but the projedion of the central fillet is (hewn on the left from the flat furfaee of 
 the fpandrel. 
 
 Fig. 4. Is the profile of the impoft mouldings. 
 
 Fig. 5. Sedion through the entablature, which is probably incomplete. 
 
64 
 
 Fig. 6. 
 
 Of fome Antiquities which are more ittconftderable. 
 
 Spandrel with the rofe. 
 
 Fig. 7. Profile in the center between the two capitals of the pilafters, {hewing the manner in which 
 the mouldings finifh againft the back ground. 
 
 Proceeding towards the arch of Hadrian, and not far from it, there remains, in a yard belonging to 
 the habitation of an Albanefe, part of a bafement, near feven feet high, and about nineteen feet in length ; 
 in the fame place, and in all appearance part of the fame building, lie many marble fragments; amongft 
 them is a large piece of cornice, which appears to have been part of an Ionic entablature: from all which 
 I concluded, that a building of no mean extent and elegance formerly adorned this place (a). 
 
 Two folitary columns alfo remain in the deferted parts of the city, and at a great diftance from each 
 other, one being North of the acropolis, near the traces of the ancient city-walls, and the other South of 
 it, both in their original fituations; they are no doubt the remains of fome {lately buildings, of which 
 at prefent no other remains appear. 
 
 (a) Of the above ruin Mr. Stuart has left no drawings. 
 
I ^ .fiB 
 

errata and additional observations. 
 
 Page 4 fecond column of note, line 45, fupply Ay.ooxxSp,. 
 
 Page 5. The column mentioned in the hit line of the firft colur.... 
 
 Wn *n i Va i Cd ’ 3 r nd Mr ' Revett thinks !t m ay poffibly'have 
 p a „ e , At b " * \ ^ m , ca r rure > P erha P s ‘hat called Mcdimnus. X 
 
 Page 7. At the end of the dcfcription of plate VI. infert, 
 r ,^',3; Plan °f the Angular Trirlyph. 
 read ' Ptl0n ° f P ' ate VIf ' delc down 10 "><= pediment, and 
 The capital and bafe of one of the ante ; fiaion of the entablature 
 
 TacumrZ Umm ° fP °J licum > w “ h < h ' 
 
 In defeription of plate VIII. dele the whole, and read 
 tig. 1. Sea,on of the entablature, over the column ef the portico 
 and lacunarm, with the mouldings, and part of the ba(fo relievo on 
 the front of the Pronaos. 
 
 Plire 9 Tn & 2 ‘ • P,an °f the .fof‘t of the Architrave and lacunaria. 
 e 8 - 
 
 line so, for is read are. 
 
 line 29, for plate 10 read plate XI. 
 
 Page 10, line 2d, Mr. Revett fays, that the ornament, faid to be painted in 
 dark ochre, was only fcratched upon the marble, probably as an 
 outline to paint upon. 1 
 
 line 3, after fide read is. 
 
 P II 37 ,' I l 1 ft"*** »f P'»=. VI. and VII. and raad Plata VI. 
 
 , • pf-’ y; l ’ and l ar i h ' t,a vc of the pilajlir , in the baek front. 
 
 Fig. 2. Plan of the capital of the mferibedpilajler in the curved^front, with 
 „ p rfjT ° dhe . nrcb frave over the central niche. 
 
 J')S- 3- Profile of the capital ,n the bach front. 
 i'lg. 4. The mouldings of the niches in the curvedfront. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 Plate VII. 
 
 The capital of the pi/afier bearing the infeription, with thee1 
 lure of the curved or principal front. 
 
 Seaton of the capital. 
 
 Chapter V. Plate XI. 
 
 Chapter I. Plate VII. 
 
 The lower plinth, 3.45 high, in the bafe of the anta;, fliould be fhaded 
 as a ledtion, as it forms a Rep in the Pronaos and Porticos. The baiTo re¬ 
 lievos of the Pronaos and Pofticus are deferibed in page 6, and again in page q 
 s owing to the drawings of plates 15 to 24 not being found when 
 is printed. 
 
 the chapter 
 
 Chapter I. Plate IX. 
 
 Fig. C, dotted line radius e Ihould have at the upper end k. 
 
 Page 13, line 5, for There were read They were. 
 
 Page 14, line 11, for Peripleros read Dipteros. 
 
 Note (a), line 10, Mr. Revett defires that the words and which 
 bafe he mcaji,red for this purpofe, may be taken out; for, though 
 he examined this bafe for the purpofe, he took his meafures of 
 the bafe of the outward range, from one of the columns of the 
 flank. 
 
 Page 14. Note (a), for dreopolis read Acropolis. 
 
 Page 15, firft line, (orfladias read Jladia. 
 
 Page 16, line ir, for E The column, 8cc. read F The column. 
 
 Page 17. For head-piece read tail-piece, and vice verfa. 
 
 Page 19, line 4, for HITPINIIOAIS read H IIPIN IIOAI2. 
 line 7, for OT XI read OTXI. 
 line 10, for Pcntetic read Pente/ic. 
 line 25, for Cynofagcs read Cvnofarges. 
 line 23, for Pockyle read Poikile. 
 
 Two laft lines of the note fliould be placed in note (b) in the 
 following page 22. 
 
 Note (e) fupprefs the firft word As. 
 
 By Mr. Revett, line 3d, after O/ympius add, the 
 
 wifl^drapery 1 ° figUre half uncovered - alld D under that covered 
 
 Page 41, line 5, before front ( a ) infert weflern. 
 
 Add a remark by Mr. Revett, viz. 
 
 We always found the principal fronts of temples facing the Eaft, 
 where the fituation would admit of it. 
 line 6, for internal portico read pojlicum. 
 
 Note (a) for inches of eighths read inches and eighths. 
 
 1 age 42. Defeription of plate I. fupphed by Mr. Revett. 
 
 The figures in the foreground are, two Turks on horfeback; two ladies, 
 with a child and black fervant returning from the bath, and Zantiot ma- 
 riners playmg at cards. On the right hand of the temple appears part of the 
 city (for it confifts of four or five groups of buildings not united together), 
 and beyond it is the Gulph of Corinth with fome part of the lfthmus. 
 T he distant mountains are in the territory of Megara. On the left hand, 
 between the trees, are feen the Mounts ParnafTus and Helicon, or mountains 
 near them. 
 
 Page 47, line 2, after A add in Plate II. 
 
 Page 48, line 8, for Hadrian read IlyJJus. 
 
 Page 52, line 6, after wall Mr. Revett adds as follows: 
 
 Suidas explaining the word (feene) fays, that in the orchef- 
 tra is the altar of Bacchus, which is called the Thymcle: 
 Ejtpsrx Try Btupj tvj AtOnnj, o; xaXeirai Qvo.iXr.. 
 
 Ana in another place he fays, that the Thymele was an'altar fo 
 called, from the verb 6011 v, to facrificc. On the Thymele, 
 in the front of the pulpitum, or logeum, were feated the 
 muficians and chorifters, as may be conjectured from fome re¬ 
 mains of feats cut out of the rock, at the back of the Thymele, 
 lee hg. 2d. Thcfe muficians were called Thymelici, from the 
 Thymcle on which they were feated or flood when they per- 
 Thymelici erant mufici 
 
 formed their mufical operations. 
 
 
 qui in organ is c 
 
 mu • To-;:" " f Cltharis ptiecinebant, et difti 
 
 I hymelici quod ohm in orcheftra ftantes cantabant fuper pul- 
 pitum quod Thymcle vocabatur. Ifidorus, lib. 18, chap. 47. 
 See alfo Montenari del Teatro Olympico. 
 
 Page 52, line 7, fig. 2, for The Pulpitum read Plan of the Thymele. 
 
 line 8, fig. 3, for Pulpitum read Thymele. 
 
 Page 56, line 6, for antient read ancient. 
 
 Page 58, line 6, for two read three. 
 
 To defeription of Plate I. Mr. Revett adds: 
 
 1 he afpe£l of it, as may be conjectured from the quan¬ 
 tity of pieces of columns Hill remaining, was mod: 
 likely the peripteros, and the fize according to the 
 diameter of the columns near to that of the temple 
 Thefeus. 
 
 To Plate 11. after columns add,with a profile of the capital upon 
 a larger fcale, and a feciion of the entablatur" 
 
 Page 58. In defeription of Plate IV. after coluni: 
 
 cornice, and profile of the capital, 0 
 1770 rea&Jrom 1700 to 1702. 
 
 After defeription of plate IV. add, 
 
 Plate V. 
 
 Fig. I. Capital of the ante, with afeaion through the entablature. 
 
 1' ig. 2. Profile of the capital upon a larger fcale. 
 
 Fig. 3. Cornices and mouldings of pcdejlals. 
 
 Page 62, after Fig. 9, eye of the volute add this fcheme of tracing the volute 
 Mr. Revett di[covered by fome marks of the compafs in the eye of 
 the volute of the original capital. 
 
 Page 63, 8th line from the bottom, after remaining add above giound. 
 
 Chapter XII. Plate I. 
 
 Fig. 7, the ovolo fliould not have been lhadc-d as a Teflion, as the mould¬ 
 ing profiles, and dies againft the back ground. 
 
 Page 
 
 Page 
 
 Page 22. 
 Page 23. 
 
 u that in the IVcJlern front of the temple 
 
 ejl pillar feen 
 
 through the 
 defrayed. 
 
 Defeription of Plate III. Mr. Revett thinks that the flatues of 
 Hadrian and Thefeus were placed in the niches over their re- 
 fpe&ive inferiptions. Mr. Revett, however, faw no remains or 
 mark on the bottom of the niches of any flatues having been 
 there. 
 
 In defeription of Plate IV. for PI. 6, fig. I. read PI. VII. fig. I. 
 Page 25, line 4, for Metoxi read Mctochi. 
 
 line 8, for Dephinium read Delphinium. 
 
 Mr. Revett fays, that the chair mentioned in this page from its 
 form, wider at the back than in front, fliews, that it was the 
 outer chair of a circular exhasdra: one fide is as here ieprc- 
 fented, but the oppolite one is plain, and it was evidently 
 joined by others, which, from their fituation, muft have had 
 both their fides the fame, that is, plain. Vitruvius, treating 
 of the Palellra, fays, Conftituuntur autem in trihus porti- 
 cibus Exhsedra: fpatiofie habentes fedes, in quibus pllilofophi, 
 rhetorcs, reliquique, qui ftudiis deleclantur, fedentes difputare 
 poflint. Gnlliani Vitruv. lib. 5. chap. XI. 
 
 Chapter III. Plate X. 
 
 Fig. 5, muft be fupplied to the flower. 
 
 Page 35, line 13, for FABIA read FAB. 
 
 14, for ALLECTVS read AILLE.CTVS, forfeit is in the 
 marble, though it ought to be ELECTVS. 
 
 15, for OPTIMO read OPTVMO. 
 
 Page 37, line 7, Phalerus, and to the right of the Munyehia, this muft be un- 
 derftood on the left of a perfon viewing the print. 
 
 , add, with the foffil of the 
 n a larger fcale. And for