Sold by ^S~1 UJfWALKE R I'lil f/iri/wS^'lenirnfr Oiurrli SrrarwlZ ON. THE REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND: CONTAINING THE REPRESENTATIONS OF ALL THE ENGLISH MONARCHS, FROM EDWARD THE CONFESSOR TO HENRY THE EIGHTH; TOGETHER WITH Many of the Great Perfons that were eminent under their feveral Reigns; ON SIXTY COPPER PLATES, ENGRAVED BY THE AUTHOR. THE WHOLE CAREFULLY COLLECTED FROM ANCIENT ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS. Br JOSEPH SfRl/rr. A NEW EDITION, TO WHICH IS NOW ADDED A SUPPLEMENT, CONTAINING TWELVE PLATES. LONDON: PRINTED FOR BENJAMIN AND JOHN WHITE, FLEET-STREET, 1793- Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/regalecclesiastiOOstru TO THE READER,, Th e work now offered to the public will (the author hopes) prove in fome meafure ufeful to the artifts, as well as pleafing to the curious:— ufe- ful, becaufe thofe who have occafion to reprefent Tcenes from the Englifh hiftory, may find the drefs and character of the ancient times ; — and pleafing to the curious, becaufe thefe pictures are the mod likely to contain the exact reprefentation of the- cuftoms and manners of the earlier aera of our an- ceftors. Hitherto our artifts have been extremely deficient in their delineations - of the early hiftory.— The Saxons are frequently drawn in the habit of the figures on the Trajan and Antonine columns ; and the Normans are put into the drefTes and armour worn in Edward the Fourth's time, and indeed are often made ftill more modern. It may be faid, perhaps, in the defence of the artift, that models, fuffici- ently authentic for his purpofe, are very much wanted. — Our monuments, and ftatues, are exceedingly difficult to afcertain ; and, even of thefe, there are few of any note, of earlier date than Henry the Seventh. And our coins are ftill of lefs ufe, being fo miferably executed as fcarce to bear the. refemblance of any thing. — From thefe imperfect lights, it was not poflible for artifts to come at the truth of antiquity, fo that they were obliged to fupply from their own fancy whatever they thought deficient ; by which means errors were frequently made, even when corrections were intended. From the ftatues and bas-reliefs of the Greeks and Romans, the character, drefs and cuftoms of thofe nations are become perfectly clear and intelligible to us;, but with refpect to the antiquities of this country the cafe is very 8 different;,. TO THE READER. different, for there is fcarcely any one able to determine the fort of habit worn in the time of Edward the Firft. Nevertheless, though we cannot come at fuch complete and excellent remains of our earlier time as are left by the Greeks and Romans, the au- thor hopes that the following work (which contains the moft ancient national materials that remain) will be thought capable of removing, in a confider- able degree, the former obfcurity, efpecially with refpect to fuch circum- ftances as the drefs and perfonal appearance of our monarchs. From Edward the ConfefTor, the feries is perfectly complete, and inter- fperfed with various paflages of hiftory ; fo that it is not only a view of the kings of England, but a reprefentation of part of their tranfa&ions, and the portraits of many of the great and remarkable perfonages living under their reign. — And the authority is undoubted, (ince the illuminations were made in, or foon after, the reign of each particular monarch. As no work of this kind (viz. in a regular feries) has been yet attempted in this kingdom, the author humbly hopes that the indulgent public will excufe whatever they may find amifs or defective ; and he, on his part, begs leave to aflure them, that he has done, and will always do, the utmoft in his power to render the work a perfect copy of the valuable originals : and the more fo, as many of the figures are undoubtedly adlual portraits of the kings, &c. reprefented. REGAL REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES, &c. A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. No. I. KING EDGAR. This engraving is taken from a curious and ancient illumination found in a book of grants*, given by king Edgar himfelf to Winchefter Cathedral. It is dated A. D. 966, and is written entirely in letters of gold, in the old Saxon character. Edgar is here delineated as pioufly adoring our bleffed Saviour, who ap- pears above feated on a globe, to fhew his empire, and fupported by four angels, emblems of the four gofpels ; under his feet are two folding doors, intended perhaps to reprefent the entrance into the bottomlefs pit, which is fo placed to convey the idea of his triumph over Death and Hell; in his left, hand he holds the book of judgment, which is to be opened in the laft day. The figure on the right hand of the king, I fancy, may be done for Cuthbert, the faint of Durham, whofe holy life is recorded by the venerable Bede. The woman, not unlikely, is the famous Etheldrida, abbefs of Ely, who, though me were twice married, yet lived and died a pure virgin. We mall not wonder at feeing Edgar, who was indeed a man of loofe character, reprefented as a particular favorite of Chrift and the departed faints, when we recollect that he did greater things for the clergy in general, and built more monaileries and religious houfes, than any of his predecef- * The firft fifteen plates of this colle&ion are taken from the illuminations of antient MSS. in the Cottonian library, at the Briufh Mufeum; and this book of grants is mark'd Vefpafianus, A. VIII. B fors ; 2 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL fors ; therefore the leaft which the monks of that day could do, was to pay him this pleating compliment. For the fame caufe may thofe two faints be portrayed befide him, as being the moft famous for their holinefs, and love of a monadic life, of any recorded in the Saxon annals. On the oppofite page is written, in capital letters of gold, Sic celj-o nepfcer Soho qui conbroir Aprna, Rex venejians 6at>gaja prtonus afconat eum. " Thus fits that god alone, who made the heavens, whilft humbly Edgar the king pays his adoration.'* As there has been extraordinary pains taken in the writing and ornaments of this book, and as it was written (which appears by the date) in the very time of Edgar, it is more than barely probable that this is not only an exact delineation of the habit of that monarch, but alfo (to the beft of the illu- minator's power) a true portrait of him. Becaufe fome of the purchafers may choofe to amufe themfelves in colouring of the plates, the author has carefully defcribed the colours of the original.—- The garment of our Saviour is a dark blue, and the lighter robe is gold ; fo alfo is the oval he fits in, the book he holds, and the doors under his feet. The angels are dreffed in white, and the fhadowed part is gold, as well on the habit as on the wings. The king's cloak is a dark blue, edged with gold; his coat a deepiih crimfon, and his hofe a dark brown; his book and crown are gold. The faints, on each fide of him, are in blue, and the lighter coloured part of their garments is gold, as well as the ornaments they hold, and the glory over their heads. TEN M ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. ^pEN of the following plates are taken from a curious MS.* written in the time of Edward the Firft, and illuminated with great care. The author has written a fhort account in old French of each illumination, under it, al- ternately in blue and gold letters. He has placed this fhort prelude over the firft illumination: 3Jcp funt less IRopss tie (£nglete?e, tiel m\$ fepnt (fctrtoajtie le dDonfeffor, jegUe al tens le vop (fctrtoajtie filS ^euvji le ^pe*5* " Here are [portrayed] the kings of England, from the time of faint Edward the ConfefTor, to the time of king Edward, the fon of Henry the Third." No. II. EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. The character of Edward the Confeffor is fufficiently known, and the title of faint, which was given to him, rather for the protection of the clergy, and hisauftere conduct in the outward forms of religion, than his actual holinefs ; for his behaviour as a king, as a hufband, and as a man, is often very exception- able ; and the caufelefs ill-treatment of his virtuous queen, Edgitha, who is here reprefented fitting at his right hand, is a conftant blot upon his character. His only excufe is, that (he was the daughter of Goodwin, earl of Kent, a man who had rendered himfelf odious to the king. Yet furely the innocent ought not to fuffer for the guilty; but fuch was Edward's difpofition, that what he did not dare to revenge upon the father, he repayed to the daughter. The ftory here reprefented, is an event of a moft extraordinary nature. — Edward, with his queen and Goodwin, are at a banquet which the king gave on Eafter day. Whilft they were at meat, the king accufed Goodwin of being acceflary to the murder of his brother, which he pofitively denied, folemnly wifhing that the morfel of meat which he then put into his mouth might fuddenly ftrangle him, if he was not perfectly innocent. This egregious untruth drew down upon him the jult judgment of God ; for in attempting to fwallow the meat, he was really choaked, and fell down dead that very inftant. * Vitellius, A. XIII. B 2 The REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL. The author gives this account of his picture : g>epnt d;otoa?oe, pat la gjace SDeii, t>i£ le iour ire naifce al manger; leg vii oo?man5 turner lur oeltje tones fur lut fencftie en gje* cfc tet jour (Saotopne Conte oe Bent mnuift a la table, entangle oe un mojfel* $$>u\t gjant mpjocleg fut oeu nai htp en fa ote e aujeg* He an oel incarnation nolt?e §>eignn? M.LXVI. e oe foen veaume xxiiii. tenant fa mojt otDtfa fepnt Cotoajoe le reaume oe (fcngelteie a uailliam Baffa^oe foen neoou a Otinfce oe j^ojmunope* (fc nui# mojutt fepnt (fcotoajoe, e gift enfejtet a Meftmutfe?. Which is in Englifti as follows : " As faint Edward (by the grace of God) was fitting at meat on Eafter day, the Seven Sleepers turned from their right fide to the left of their own accord. And that very day Goodwyne earl of Kent died at the table, ftrangled by a morfel of meat. Many great miracles did God work by him (that is king Edward) in his life-time and afterwards. " The year of the incarnation of our Lord 1066, and of his reign the 24th, king Edward, before his death, gave the kingdom of England to William the Baftard, his nephew, at that time duke of Normandy. After this died faint Edward, and lies buried at Weftminfter." The popular ftory of the Seven Sleepers is often alluded to in ancient books, but fo imperfectly, that all which I can gather concerning them is, that they were feven travellers, who being weary, laid themfelves down in a cave to fleep, and by fome fupernatural means they continued fleeping for an amazing fpace of time. The ten illuminations copied from this MS. are very fimple in point of colouring, being fcarcely more than three, or four colours at moll:. All the garments are either dark, or light browns ; the crowns, fceptres, and other ornaments, are gold ; the faces, linen, and infide of the cloaks, are exprefTed by the vellum itfelf, (lightly (haded, and left clear for the lights. The light back grounds are gold; and the dark ones blue, with gold (tars. No. Ill, ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 5 No. III. HAROLD AND WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. Aft er the death of Edward, Harold, notwithstanding his oath and en- gagements to be affifting in placing the duke of Normandy on the throne, caufed himfelf to be crowned king. But he did not long enjoy the fruits of his perjury; for William, hearing of the death of the Confeflbr, came over into England with a great army, and landed at Haftings, where he was met by Harold, and a bloody battle enfued. But the end proved un- fortunate to Harold and his party ; for he being flain by an arrow which {truck him in the eye, the field was loft, and the Englim were put to flight. The prefent plate reprefents that fatal adtion. On the right we fee the Conqueror mounted on his horfe, trapped with his arms; whilft, on the other fide, the unfortunate Harold is falling from his horfe, having juft received his death's wound. The illuminator, who lived in the reign of Edward the Firft, has not attended to the drefs and cuftoms of the times which he means to reprefent ; for the armour, crofs bows, banners, &c. which are delineated in this piece, were ufed in the aera in which he lived, but not at the time of the Conqueft. . This important battle was fought about nine miles from Haftings, in SufTex, upon the 14th day of October, being Saturday, the year of our Lord 1066. Take the following homely verfes from Stow, on this occafion ; A thoufand fix and fixty years It was, as we do read, When that a comet did appear, And Englilhmen lay dead ; Of Normandy duke William then To England ward did fail, Who conquered Harold with his men, And brought the land to bayle. 4 Under REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL Under Harold is written, #$>?e0 fepnt d;trt»aiiie regna ^a?alti, It 65 dSofcetopu count tie lent, Z forj ca to?t ix £popg* SDunfee fceent Mill. 3I5aflra?tie f e le tolufi; la ijpe, e le vegne, e ronguiif la teje*— l^ajaltie gift a 3MtJjame t Which may be thus tranflated : " After faint Edward reigned Harold, the foil of Goodwyn earl of Kent, for the fpace of nine months, when William the Baftard came [into England] and deprived him at once of his life and the kingdom, and conquered the land. Harold lies [buried] at Waltham." Under William is written, ^uig regna WdlU 515alfaji>e xx am puis inojulr ; t gift a lame en jftojmuniipe* " After him reigned William the Baftard twenty years, when he died, and lies [buried] at Caen in Normandy." This illumination is found in the fame MS. with the former No. II. and the colours are there defcribed. No. IV. JV ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 7 No. IV. WILLIAM RUFUS. Willi am Rufus was the fecond fon of the Conqueror. The illuminator has here reprefented him in his robes of (late. Under this king is written, 0p?c0 Baffa?t! regna Wtilh It lUcttg fun fij. 311 futt bejge en la ^oOcle fo.ttt. jDmsf moiuff, egitf a 5SBIpn«ffje» 3H ntf fm la g^aiitic Cale lie u^clfmaf^ ter, e jcgna xii aunj* '* After William the Bafterd reigned William Rufus [or the Red] his fon. He was flairi in the New Foreft. Being dead, he was buried at Winchefter. He caufed the great hall of Weftminfter to be made, and reigned twelve years." King William (fays Stow) on the morrowe after Lammas daye, hunting in the New Forreft of Hampfhire, in a place called Chorengham, where fince a chapel was builded, Sir Walter Tirell mooting at a deer, unawares hit the king in the bread:, that he fell downe ftark dead, and never fpake word more. His men (efpecially that knight who had wounded him) gat away ; but fome came back again, and laid his body upon a colliai's cart, which one feelie leane beafte did drawe unto the city of Winchefter, where he was buried on the morrow after his death. At whofe burial men could not weep for joy. Before we conclude with this prince, we will fet before the reader the following anecdote concerning him, as given by the old poetic hiftorian Robert of Glocefter, which plainly denotes his pride. The verfes, diverted of their obfolete orthography, run as follows : As his chamberlein him brought as he arofe one day, The morrow for to wear, a pair of hofe of fey, He afk'd what they coft him. Three {hillings, the other faid. Fy a dibles ! quoth the king. Who lays fo vile a deed ? A king wear any cloth, but what fhould coft much more ; Buy a pair of a mark, or you fhall rue it fore ! 5 A worfe REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL A worfe pair full enough the other fith him brought, And faid they coft a mark, and therefore fo were bought. A bel amy, quoth the king, thefe are now well bought ; In this manner ferve thou me, or thou {halt ferve me not.' This plate is from the fame MS. with the former, and coloured as defcribed page 4. No. V. • t * ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 9 No. V. HENRY THE FIRST, Is alfo drawn in his robes of (late, and of him the author fays, fl»?eg Mi\h Ic lllous, regnaln primer ^eujw, fun fteie, xxxv. auuy 311 fit leg hones lop0 oe <£ng(rrcr, ft legf cn te?a» 31 gill a rabbape lie liledunjjeg*— £>on tojg leu a fcpnt ^ftomafl tie te?e, e le mull feebuuu; Ic \juut auter* " After William Rufus, reigned the firft Henry, his brother, thirty-five years. He made the good laws of England, which he caufed to be enrolled. He lies buried at the Abbey of Reading.— His body was taken from the earth by faint Thomas, and placed before the high altar." Henry the Fir/1 was furnamcd Beauclcrc. This appellation was beftowed upon him for his learning (which was very uncommon in thofe days, except amongft the clergy). This prince modnted the throne the fecond day of Auguft 1100, and was much beloved by his people. He made (according to the French author) the good laws of England ; but the truth is, he abo- lifhed the hard and rigorous flatutes which had been eftablifhed by his father and brother, and reftored thofe by much more equal, and fuited to the tempers of the people, which were in force in the days of the Confeflbr. The worft action of Henry was the cruel treatment of his brother Robert ; for he not only caufed him to be clofely kept in prifon, but, becaufe he attempted to efcape, deprived him of his eye-fight. — As the circumftances concerning the death of this Robert are rather extraordinary, they are here fet down, as related by Holingfhed. " It is fayde that on a feftival d?y king Henrie put on a robe of fcarlet, the cape whereof being ftrayte, hee rente it in ftryving to put it over hys heade ; and percevving it would not ferve him, he layd it afide, and fayde, Let my brother Robert have this garment, who hath a fharper head than I have. The which, when it was brought to duke Robert, the rent place being not fewed up, he difcovered it, and alked whether any man had worne it before. The meftenger tolde the whole matter, how it happened. Here- with duke Robert tooke iuch a griefeforthe fcornefull mocke of his brother, C that ig REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL that he waxed wearie of his life, and fayde, Nowe I perceyve I have lived too long, that my brother fhall clothe me like his almes-man, with his cafl rent garments. And thus curfing the time of his nativity, refufed from thenceforth to eate or drink, and fo pined away, and was buryed at Gloucefter*." This plate is from the fame MS. and coloured as the former. • Holing. Chron. Vol. 2, fol. 363. No. VI. A N T I QIJ I T I E S OF ENGLAND. No. VI. STEPHEN. Tins king is here reprefented in the common robes ufually worn by the nobility, and not in the robes of ftate. On his finger he carries a hawk ; an emblem of his being nobly born, though not the immediate fon of a king.— He was third fon to Stephen earl of Blois, by Alice, fourth daughter of the Conqueror. Of this prince the French author fays, 2l$lt$ l^cmp, regna (tffefcen, fon ncUott, xix atye, t xnoiuft* (t gp£ a JFata?* 16am* " After Henry, reigned Stephen, his nephew, 19 years, and died. He lies [buried] at Feverfiham." Stephen (fays Stow) was a man of parting comely features and perfonage; he alfo excelled in martial policy, gentlenefs and liberality towards all men ; and though his reign was difturbed by continual wars, yet did he never burden his commons with any heavy exactions : fo that he only wanted a juft title to the crown, to fecure him the character of an excellent and worthy king. His wars were chiefly againft Matilda, the daughter of the deceafed king Henry. She was married to the emperor Henry the Fourth, whom flie furvived, and after the death of her father came over into England, and being a woman of great courage, afierted boldly her right to the crown againft Stephen, who, contrary to a folemn oath which he had taken, had afcended the throne himfelf. The caprice of the people prevailed upon them to abandon Stephen, and attend to the caufc of the injured Matilda ; fo that he lort: a decifive battle, and was taken prifoner. But Matilda foon after difcovered a tyran- nical difpofition, which was difpleafmg to the nobility; wherefore, refcuing Stephen from his confinement, they reinftated him in the throne, and Matilda, in her turn, experienced the fudden change of inconftant fortune. Flying from the forces of Stephen, fhe was driven to fuch {traits, that to prevent her being difcovered, fhe was conveyed through Glocefter in a litter like a dead corpfe ; and, after (hutting herfelf up in the caftle of Oxford, which was girt C 2 round 12 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL round with a clofe {lege by her enemies, her dangerous fituation caufed her to put the following extraordinary fcheme in execution, in order to effect her efcape : — It being mid- winter, and the ground covered with fnow, lhe habited herfelf and Tome few attendants in white garments, and in rhe middle of the ni^h tfled filently out of an obfeure poftern : (he palled unfeen by her enemies; and, eroding the Thames, purlued her journey on foot to Wallingford, and from thence lb me time after departed into Normandy. His next troubles arole from Henry, the fon of Matilda ; but, after fome difcord, the matter was amicably fettled, and Henry ordained to inherit the crown, upon the death of Stephen. • No. VII. ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. »3 No. VII. HENRY THE SECOND. H ere we have exhibited king Henry the Second in his coronation habit. The author thus writes of him : •ap.etf (fctttbtn, wgna le fecund I^emu. fi5 tJC la fowut (fcmvmitc ; Ie quele tytniv loj0 cflfapt tmUe tic j&srtminDpe* C£n fun terns fu repute Chomag maj* tpjije, e regna xxvi ou xxxv aim3* puts mo?uft, e gilt a Jfjunt C&a.o* " After Stephen, reigned the fecond Henry, fon of the emprefs; which Henry was duke of Normandy. In his time was faint Thomas martyred. He reigned 26 or 35 years. After dying, he was buried at Front Euard." According to the agreement made between Stephen and prince Henry, the fon of Matilda the emprefs, after the death of the former, Henry came into England, and was accordingly crowned king of England. One of the mod remarkable anecdotes relative to this king, is his love to Rofamunda, the fair daughter of Walter lord Clifford; for whom (fays Stow) he made a houfe of wonderful working, fo that no perfon could come to her, unlefs he were inft rucled by the king, or fuch as were acquainted with the fecret. This houfe, after feen, was named Labyrinthus, or Dedalus Work, which was thought to be conftructed like unto a knot in a garden called a maze. It is laid that the queen, her profefled enemy, gained ad- mifiion by a clue of thread or (ilk, and either by poifon, or fome other fatal method, caufed her death. Henry was greatly affected with her lofs, and cauied her to be honourably interred at Godftow, near Oxford, in a houfe of nuns, and thefe verfes were put upon her tomb : Hie jacet in tumba, Rofa Mundi, non rofa munda Non redoiei, fed olet, quae recolere folet. Which 14 1 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL Which we find in Fabian thus tranflated, or rather paraphrafed : The rofe of the world, but not the cleane flowre, Is now here graven, to whom beaute was lent. In this grave full darke now is her bowre, That by her life was fweete and rodolent, But now that flhe is from this life bent, Though (lie were fweete, now foully doth me ftinke ; A mirrour good for all men that on her thinke. There is yet to be feen at Godftow, the chapel where it is faid that fhe was buried ; and thefe verfes are wrote upon the wall in the infide of the fame. This illumination is taken alfo from the fame MS. as the former, and is coloured in like manner. No. VIII. V ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. No. VIII*. HENRY THE SECOND AND THOMAS BECKET. This illumination reprefents one of the moft important paffages of Henry's life, the difpute between him and the proud prelate Thomas Becket, archbifliop of Canterbury. The king, in his royal robes, is feated on his throne, and iurrounded by his guard ; before him (lands Becket, attired in his pontifical habit, holding the crofs in his hand. The arrogance of Becket is well exprefled in this little delineation, as well in his face as his attitude ; as is alio the anger of the king. The whole circumftance at large is as follows: Whilft the difpute ran high between the king and Becket, " divers accu- fations (fays Speed) were laid againft him, as of contempt towards the king, in denying to come into his prefence, being thereto commanded by him, and many other matters; whereto though he made excufes (reafonable enough, if true) yet the peers and bifhops condemned all his moveables to the king's mercy : and the prelates, perceiving the king's difpleafure to tend yet to fome farther feverity, premonifhed him to fubmit himfelf, for that otherwife the king's court intended to adjudge him a perjured perfon, and alfo a tiaytor, for not yielding temporal allegiance to his temporal fovereign, as himfelf had fworn to do; and accordingly the prelates themfelves, by joint confent, adjudged him of perjury, and by the mouth of the bifhop of Chichefrer, difclaimed thenceforward all obedience unto him as their archbifliop. The next day, whilft the biihops and peers were confulting of fome further courfe with him, Becket, not as yet daunted, caufed to be fung before him at the altar this pfalm : " The princes fit and fpeak againft me, and the ungodly perfecute me, &c." * This is from Claudius, D. 2. a MS. in the Cotton library. In the MS. there is a duplicate of this illumination; the fubjecT: is exaclly the fame; and the only difference is in the figure behind Becket, who bears'his fvvord on his fnoulder, inftead of holding it in his hand. — The variation being fo trivial, and the point of time and perfons j aft the fame, I by no means thought it neceffary to engrave more than one of thefe pictures. 5 And 1 6 REGAL, AND ECCLESIASTICAL And forthwith taking his filver crofs in his own hands (a thing ftrange and unheard-of before) enters armed therewith into the king's prefence, though earneftly dirluaded by all that wiflied him well. Wherewith the king en- raged, commanded his peers to fit in judgment on him, as on a traytor and perjured perfon; and accordingly they adjudged him to be apprehended and cart into prifon. The earls of Cornwall and LeicefTer, who fat as judges, citing him forthwith to hear his fentence pronounced, he immediately appealed to the See of Rome, as holding them no judges competent: whereupon all reviling him with the name of traytor and the like, he replied, that, were it not for his function, he would enter the duel or combat with them in the field, to acquit himfelf both of treafon and perjury. This faid, he left the court, and went without delay into Flanders, difguifed, under the name of Dereman." Over this illumination, in the original, is written this verfe : ^eniuiis, natug ^atiltitg, IRegna tenefeat* faub quo fanmiss Cliomag mucjoue tatstbatt " Henry, born of Matilda, held the kingdom. In whofe reign faint Thomas was flain with the fword." The king's robe is blue, lined with light red; his under garment is a deep red: the robe of Becket is a light pink, the darker colour under it is a deep red, and under that is linen : the firft lbldier is in blue, and his fword is red ; the other is a light red ; and their armours are a kind of light lead colour, with a gold back ground. No IX. IX 3 JcruM: ur zurfi- A N T I Q_U I T I E S OF ENGLAND. 17 No. IX. THE MURDER OF THOMAS BECKET. Th e arrogance of Becket, however, coft him his life ; for Hetiry was at laft fo highly provoked at his proceeding, that he let fall fome words, publicly, which mewed his difcontent that he was {till living to offend him. Thefe fpeeches being overheard by four knights, named Sir Hugh Moreville, Sir William Tracy, Sir Richard Britaigne, and Sir Reginald Fitz Urfe, they fet out with a determination to put an end to his life. — The manner of his death is thus related by Hollingfhed : " At lengthe the knights, with their fervauntes, having fought the palace, came rufhing into the churche by the cloyfl'er dore, with their fwordes drawen, fome of them alkynge for the traytor, and fome of them for the archbymoppe, who came and mette them, faying, Here am I, no traytor, but the archebyfhoppe. The formoft of the knightes fayde unto him, Flee ! thou art but deade. To whome the archbifliop faide, 1 will not flee. The knight ftepte to hym, taking him by the fleeve, and with his fworde can 1 his cappe befides hys heade, and fayde, Come hither, for thou art a prifoner. I will not, fayde the archebihhope ; doe with me here what thou wilt ; and plucked his fleeve with a mighty ftrength out of the knight's hand, wherewith the knight flepped back two or three paces. Then the archebifliope, turning to one of the knights, fayde unto him, What meanethe this, Reygnolde ? I have done unto thee many hygh pleafures, and comeft thou now unto me into the church armed! Unto whom the knyght anfwer'd and fayde, Thou flialt know anone what is ment : thou art but deade: it is not poflyble for thee to longer live. Unto whom the archbifhoppe fayde, And I am redy to dye for my God, and for the defence of his juflice and the lybertye of the churche: gladdely do I imbrace death, fo that the churche may purchafe peace and lybertye in the fhedding of my bloode. And herewith takyngon other of the knights by the habergeon, he flung him from him with fuch violence, that he hadde almofte throwne him downe to the grounde. Thys was Syr Wylliam Tracye, as he himfelfe did after confefle. After this the archbifhoppe inclyned his heade after the manner of one that fhoulde pray, pronouncing thefe his lafte wordes : Unto God and to laint Marye, and to the iaintes that are patrons of this churche, and to faint Denife, I commende my felfe and the churches D caufe, lS REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL caufe. — Therewyth Sir Reignalde Fytze Urfe ftrykynge a full blowe at his heade, chaunced to light upon the arme of a clerke named Edwarde of Cambridge, who cafte up hys arme to fave the archbyihoppe ; but when he was not able to beare the weight of the blowe, he plucked his arme backe, and fo the flroke flayed upon the archbyftioppe's head, in fuch wyfe that the bloude ran downe hys face : and then they ftroke at hym one after another, and thoughe he fell to the grounde at the feconde blow, they left hym not till they had cutte and tourned out his braines, and ftrowed them about the churche pavement ; which done, they went to the ryfiing of his houfe, ipoyled all his goods, and tooke them to their own ufes, fuppofing it lawfull for them fo to doe, being the kinges fervauntes." The original of this plate is a frontifpiece to the Life of Becket. The book is very old, and was moft probably written foon after his death*. The robe of the archbifhop is blue, with a red crofs and lining ; the bottom, being linen, is white. The man with the fword is in a light pink, lined with white ; his fleeves are black, and the cap on his head is red : the other man is in green, with red ftockings. The front of the altar-piece is blue, the curtains are green, both ornamented with gold flowers; and the back ground is blue and gold fquares. * See the Cottonian Catalogue, in which the author is faid to have been either William Fitz Stephen or John Carnotcnfem. This MS, contains feveral other Traits, and is marked Julius A XL No. X. X ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. *9 No. X. RICHARD THE FIRST. TPh e illuminator has here given us two portraits of this valiant prince ; and thehiftory relative to them he has written underneath as follows : flpjeg ^cn?p le fecund, regna liltcfiajti fun Fij, x. aims t ticmp* 31 enjepapranti tie la te?e fepnt, fuitf p^ijs tiel tiufce lie ajffjifj, par ep tiel IRou ^Bpltppe tie j^auuee, , 21 No. XL JOHN, I n his robes of ftate, receiving a cup (fuppofed to contain poifon) from a monk. Under him is this writing : £p?eg UUtDajo, rcgna 3on fun fmt ; en Up ttw (fcngleteje futlf entjeopt vi M1115, e iii cuiajtejsf, e i mop0, par la $ape Innocent, pur metfje Cfte en tie 3Langenton, fte la IRop ne feont recepfere a d^tefeelie oe liiauntejbp?0* &i etfopt bunUe Ie g?ant gueje entje Ip e leg Bajong nojjapss : Hunt fceent £>ir JLotopss, 65 Ie IRop pjjpUppc tie jHaunte, en Cngleteje* \t 3Rop 3on rcgna xvii amt5 e tit p, puis ueent a ^topncfijeuttie, e fuff empopfone par une fteje De la mefon, ft tome fu tilt ; e Ie mo?ut a jfrctoejfte, e fun to?g fuff ente?e a Mpjceffje,. " After Richard, reigned John his brother ; in whofe time England was excom- n.jnicated [the fpace of] fix years, three quarters, and one month, by Pope Inno- cent, in the caufe of mailer Stephen Langeton, whom the king would not receive as archbifliop of Canterbury. Then was the great war between him [the king] and the barons : then alfo came Sir Lewis, the fon of Philip king of France, into England. — King John reigned feventeen years and a half, when coming to Swin- Ihed, he was poifoned by a brother of that houfe, as it was reported ; and he died at Newark, and his body was buried at Worcefter." Thus far our French author, who wrote in the reign of Edward the Firil: : and at that time we find the ftory of the poifoning of king John was believed indeed, but only confirmed by popular report. However, the ftory itfelf is fet down more at large in Grafton (copied from Caxton's book intituled Frudtus Temporum, and the Polychronicon) as follows : " In the felf-fame yere [viz. 1 215] king John came to Swineftede abbey, not farre from Lyncolne ; he refted there two dayes, where he was moft trayteroufly poyfoned by a monke of the fame abbey, being of the order of St. Barnard, called Simon Swynefted. This monke hearyng the king upon an occalion to talke of breade, and fay, that if he lived a yere longer he would make that lofe of breade, beyng then of the value of one halfepeny, woorth twelve pence ; meayning that he woulde fo perfecute his rebellious people, 23 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL people, that he would not leave one of them to be the owner of a plough. The monke hearyng the king thus fpeake, conceived a bad opinion of him, and goyng forthwith to his abbot, (hewed him the whole matter, and what he was mynded to do. He alleged for himfelfe the prophecie of Cayphas, faiyng, It is better that one man dye, then all the people fhould periihe. I am well content, fayth he, to die and to become a martyr, fo that I may utterly deftroy this tyrant. With that the abbot wept for gladnefs, and much commended his fervent zeale, as he took it. — The monke beyng then abfolved by his abbot, before-hand, for the doing of this ad"l, went fecretly into the gardeyne upon the backefyde of the abbey, and findynge there a moft venemous toade, he fo pricked him and prefl'ed him with his penne knyfe, that he made him vomit all the poifon that was within him. This done, he conveyed it into a cup of wine, and with a fmyling countenance brought it to the kynge, faying, " If it mall lyke your princely majeftie, here is a cup of fuch excellent wine as ye never dranke before in all your life-time. The kynge than bid him drink firft* which he chearfully did a large draught ; and the kynge alfo drank of the wine. — The monk anone after went to the farmory, and there died, his bowels burfting from his belly ; and he had continually from thence three monkes to ring mafTes for his foule, confirmed by their general chapter. — The king within fhorte ipace after feeling great griefe in hys body, alked for Simon the monke, and aunfwere was made, that he was departed this lyfe : Then God have mercy upon me ! (faid the king) I fufpected as muche. — With that he commaunded his chariot to be brought, for he was not able to ride on horfe- back j fo he went from thence to Slaford caftell, and from thence again to Newarke upon Trent, where in lefs than three days he died, and was ho- nourably buried at Worcefter, with all his armed men attendyng upon his buryall." This is from the fame MS. and coloured in the fame manner as the former. No. XII. xn A N T I Q.U I T 1 E S OF ENGLAND. No. XII. HENRY THE THIRD. The coronation of Henry the Third. The king is reprefented as hold- ing in his hand a model of Weftminfter Abbey, which he enlarged, laying the firft ftone himfelf ; and caufed to be there erected the magnificent monument of Edward the Confeflbr. It was very common with the old illuminators, to make the principal figure holding a model of the abbey, or monaftery, they were benefactors to. This prince was crowned the 28th of October, by Peter bifhop of Winchefter, and Joceline biftiop of Bath. The author gives this hiftory of him : Slpjtg 3Jon regna ^tnip It fun fis, 56 aiut5 ; it fuift De i» aunj be age quant Iaff cojone, it en fun tens fuft la uataplle tie Cfcfcefljame , ou fuft occps fpr &pmunti tit ipunfo?t, t fun fij l^enjp ; t fp?e i£ugS U 2Defpenfetr, e mu5 H5a- roufe m CfieDalejsJ De cNgleteje,— puis majutt tpl l£en?p te 1&op, e gift a WRtftmnfau " After John, reigned Henry the Third, his fon, 56 years; and he was but nine years of age when he was crowned. In his time was the battle of Eveiham, where was flain Sir Simon de Mountfort, and his fon Henry ; and Sir Hugh le Defpenfer, and many barons and knights of England. — After died this Henry the king, and lies [buried] at Weftminfter." This dreadful battle between the barons and Edward prince of Wales, fon of Henry the Third, is thus more fully defcribed by Holingmed : " The laft day of July, A. D. 1265, P r i nce Edwarde with his hoft came to Kenelworth aforefayd, and there fighting with the fayde Simon de Mount- forde and his army, with little flaughter difcomfitted the fame, and tooke prifoners the earle of Oxford, the lords William de Mount Cheney, Adam de Newmarche, Baldwine Wake, and Hugh Neviil, withe divers other : the lorde Simon himfelfe fledde into the caftell, and fo efcaped. In this mean while, the earle of Leicefter havyng raifed his power, came to the caftell of Munrnouth, which the earle of Gloucefter had lately taken and fortified : but they that were within it beeing driven to yielde, it was now rafed down to the ground. This done, the earle of Leicefter entring into Glamorgan- mire, and joyning his power withe the prince of Wales, wafted and brent the lands of the fayde earle of Gloucefter : but hearing that his adverfaries wente 24 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL wente about in other places, he returned from thence, and came forwarde towards the faide prince Edwarde, who likewife made towards him, and at Evefham they met the lixth daye of Auguft, where was foughten a right fierce and cruell battayle betwixte the parties. — As fome write, the earle of Leicefter placed kyng Henry in the front of his battel, whome he had there with him as captive, and had arrayed him in his owne coate armour, that if fortune went againft him, whileft the enemies mould be earneft to take the K. bearing the femblaunce of the chief captayne, he might himfelf efcape: but king Henry, when they came to joitie, fought not, but called to his people, and declared who he was, whereby he efcaped the daunger of deathe ; for being knowen of them, he was faved. The Welchmen, which in great numbers the earle of Leicefter had there on his fide at the firfte onfett, fled and ranne away, which their demeanor when the earle fawe, he exhorted thofe that there were about him to play the men ; and fo ruining forth into the preafe of his enemies, he was enclofed aboute and flaine, togither with his fonne Henry. Hereupon his death being knowen, hys people tooke them to flight, as men utterly difcomfitted. — There dyed in that battell about 4000 men, as Polidor hathe : but Richard Southwell faith, that there were killed of knightes, or rather men of armes, 180, and of yeomen and dimelances 220, of Welchmen 5000, and of fuch footmen as were of the earle of Leicefter's owne retinue, 2000 : fo that there dyed in all to the number of tenne thoufand men, as the fame Southwell affirmeth. Among: which of noblemen thefe are reckoned : Hugh Spencer, lord chief juftice, the lord Raulf Ballet, the lord Peter de Mountford, the lord Beauchampe, Sir Williame Yorke, the lord Thomas de Efterly, the lord Walter de Crep- pings, Guy de Bailioll, and the lord Roger Saint John, the lord Robert Tregoz, and other. — This ruine fell to the barons by the difcord which was fproong up lately before, betwixt the earles of Leicefter and Gloucefter, through the inlolency and pride of the earle of Leicefter's fonne, who, as I fayde before, defpifing other of the nobility, fpake many reproachfull wordes by the fayde earle of Gloucefter, and ufed him in fuch evill forte that he, upon difpleafure thereof, hadde not only procured the fcape of prince Edwarde, but joyned with him in ayde, agaynfte the fayde earle of Leicefter and other of the barons, to the utter confufion both of them and their caufe." This plate alfo is from the fame MS. and coloured as the former. No. XIII. 4 A N T I QJJ I T I E S OF ENGLAND. 25 No. XIII. EDWARD THE FIRST, Is here reprcfented feated on his throne, and anfwering the pope's bull, which is prefented to him by the archbifhop of Canterbury, and others of the clergy, on the behalf of his holinefs. What the French author may have faid concerning this prince cannot be difcovered, for the letters at the bottom of this drawing are entirely oblite- rated ; but mod likely he gave fome lhort account of the important and interefting fcene which he has delineated. A full account, however, is here fubjoined, as taken from Speed's Chronicle. " But in the matter of Scotland, the king, not to feem altogether to neglect the court of Rome, addrefTed thither the earle of Lancolne, and the lord Hugh de Spencer, with manifold complaints againft the Scots, and j unification of his owne proceedings : howbeit, at the pope's requeft, hee granted them truce from Hollonmafs to Whitfuntide. " The juftice of the Englifh armes againfte the Scots, being now againe directly impunged by the papall letters, comprehending fundry arguments on the behalfe of that nation, king Edward, in a parliament at Lincolne, publifhed their contents, and, by content of the whole reprefentative body of the realme, returned a copious defence of his whole proceedings, with proteftation, firft, that he did not exhibite any thing as in forme of judo-e- ment, or tryall of his caufe, but for fatisfaction of his holy father-hood's confcience, and not otherwife. But whereas the pope had required the king to ftand to his decifion for matter of claim, he writes that thereunto he would make an anfwere, as having left that point to the earles and peeres of this land : who, with one minde, directly fignify, that their king was not to anfwere in judgement for any rites of the crowne of England before any tribunall under heaven, and that (by fending deputies or attourneyes to fuch an end) he mould not make the faid truth doubtfull, becaufe it mani- feftly tended to the difinherifon of the faid crowne, whiche they, with the helpe of God, would refolutely, and with all their force, maintain againft all men. — That the refolution of thefe worthy pillars thus in cafe of their E countries, 2& REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL countries, crowne, and dignities, may be imitated in their following pofte- rities, and celebrated in our everlafting remembrances, we (fays mine author) hold it here fit to record their names, fubfcribed in their anfweres unto pope Boniface, dated at Lincolne, in the yeare of our Redemption 1 30 1, and 29 of king Edward the Firfte." After follows the lift of 100 peers of the realm, who fubfcribed their names to the fupport of the authority of their prince. — Speed then goes on, " Pope Boniface thus feeing the refolutions of thefe lords, and having enough to doe againfte the French, proceeded no further in thefe bufineffes, but let fall his action, and left the Scots to defend themfelves as they could." This is the laft illumination in the Fasnch MS. fo often quoted, and it is coloured like the former, which is taken from the fame book. No. XIV. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 27 No. XIV* EDWARD THE SECOND. TPhis plate reprefents king Edward giving a commiffion to Thomas of Brotherton, appointing him marfhal of England. — Over it is written: I,tte$ae ft t flfctrtoajln, conffitucwcs C&amam tit J15?otBejton, Comitem Mov tingJjam, 5pa?efcallum Anglic* " Letters of king Edward, conftituting Thomas of Brotherton, earl of Notting- ham, marfhal of England." Edward the Second was a very unfortunate prince. His connections were fuch as were not only very improper for a king, but extremely difagreeable to his fubjecls in general, and in the end proved his ruin ; for having pro- voked the peers to fuch a degree, they univerfally rofe againft him, and deprived him of his crown firft, and afterwards of his life, and that in a cruel manner. It is true, his death was caufed chiefly by the machinations of Ifabell his wife, Roger Mortimer earl of March, and the bifhop of Hereford. " The queen (fays Stow) taking it grievoufly that her hufband's life (which me deadly hated) was prolonged, made her complaint to her fchool- mafter, Adam de Orleton, feigning that fhe had certaine dreams, the inter- pretation whereof fhe mifliked; which, if they were true, fhe feared, left if her hufband be at any time reftored to his old dignity, that hee would burne her for a traytor, or condemne her to perpetuall bondage. — In like fort the bifliop, being guilty in his own confcience, ftood in like feare. — The like feare alfo ftroke the hearts of other for the fame offence : wherefore it feemed good to many of great dignity and bloud, as well fpiritual as temporall, both men and women, that all fuch feare mould be taken away, defireing his death ; whereupon there were lexers colourably written to the keepers of Edward, greatly blaming then looking fo flenderly to the king, fuffering him to have fuch libert) , .id nouriming him too delicately — * This illumination is in a MS. in the Cotton library, and marked Nero, D. 6. E 2 moreover, 28 REGAL, AND ECCLESIASTICAL moreover, there is a privy motion made unto them, but yet in fuch fort, as it might feeme half done, that the death of Edward would' not be mifliking to them, wether it were naturell or violent. — And in this point, the greate deceit of fophifters iTood in force, fet downe by the bifhop, who wrote thus : Edvardum occidere nolite timere, bonum eft. " Kill Edward do not feare, it is a good thing." Or thus : tc To feeke to fhed king Edward's blood " Refufe, — to feare I count it good." Which fophiftical faying is to be refolved into two proportions, whereof the firft, confifting of three words, to wit, Edvardum occidere nolite, " doe not kill king Edward,'* and the fecond of other three, that is, timere bonum eft, " to feare is a good thing," doe leem fubtilly to difwade from murthering the king ; but the recievers of thele letters, not ignorant of the writing, changed the meaning thereof to this fence, Edvardum occidere nolite timere, " to kill king Edward do not feare," and afterwards thefe words, bonum eft, " it is good :" fo that they, being guilty, turned a good faying into evil. — And fo the keepers, when they had received this letter, put the unfortunate king to a cruel death. Thomas of Brotherton, who is alftv here reprefented, was the fifth for* of king Edward the Firft, by Margaret his fecond wife. He was born June the firft, A. D. 1300. He was earl of Norfolk (lays Speed) and earl mar- shal of England ; which earldoms the lad earl, Roger Bigod, having no iffue at his death, left to the difpofition of the king. This curious painting is drawn from the initial' letter of the grant, and i3 richly emboffed with gold, and elegantly coloured. The king fits on a light red throne, drelfed in a blue robe lined with ermine, his arms and his hofe are red, and his fhoes are a darkifti brown. The armour of Thomas of Brotherton is a light blue, except the body, which is-painted red, and the lion argent, and the joints of the armour at the elbows and knees, which are gold. The back ground is a deep lea green ; the letter is white, ftiaded with red, enclofed in a gold fquare. No. XV. XV v ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 29 No. XV. EDWARD THE THIRD, AND PRINCE EDWARD. *VVe have here exhibited the portraits of two of the mofi famous per- fonao-es that our whole annals can boalt of. To thefe noble heroes we owe the conquelt of France, the monarch of which kingdom was taken prifoner, at Poictiers, by the prowefs of prince Edward (for his martial deeds iirnamed the Black Prince) and brought in triumph through the ftreets of London. — An Englifhman mult view this ancient delineation with the greateft plea- fure, efpecially when he recollects how much honour and confequence they gave to their native realm. King Edward is reprefented giving to his fon, the Black Prince, the conquered provinces of France. — Over the grant is written, SDonatio pjtnripattttf 2ca_tritaniaf> fvnntiat, per 1R» (fctitoajtium, (fctrtoajtio principt Zantac, filio fao. " The donation of the principality of Aquitaine, in Fiance, by king Edward, to Edward prince of Wales, his fon." The illuminator has very properly drawn thefe great men in their armour,, the bodies of which are adorned with the royal arms of England, quartered with thole of France > which bearing was firft adopted by this noble king. — Of king Edward we have another portrait in the courfe of the work, and the likenefs of the face in both, may prove their being real portraits. It is alio neceflary to give Ibme proof that the picture of the Black Prince is equally authentic. This picture, like the foregoing, No. XIV. is drawn in the initial letter of the original grant, and is fTnifhed with great care and labour. — In another MS. (viz. Domitianus, A. XVII. which is alfo in the Cottonian library) is a curious mifl'al,. formerly belonging to king Richard the Second (who was the fon of Edward the Black Prince) and was his own mafs -book, ufed by him : it is faid to have been wrote for, and prefented to him in his infancy :: it is molt elegantly written, and beautifully illuminated, and contains feve- ral paintings very highly fmifhed, in one of which is a portrait of his father, prefenting him (on his knees) to Our Saviour and the blelTed Virgin. The. face,. 3 o REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL face, the character, and the manner of the hair of prince Edward, are pre- cifely the fame as in the illumination I have given, which (hews they were either done from the life, or from fome picture of him then extant. — I did not engrave the other painting of the Black Prince, becaufe, as the fubjecl: feems to be entirely allegorical, I might be therefore thought to break in on my propofed hiftorical feries ; and it was the lefs necefTary, as the illu- mination which I have copied is equally as well executed. The colours of the above illumination are as follows : The king fits on a throne of marble, ornamented with a frame of gold j the armour of both the king and prince is filver, done over with a kind of lacquer, except the joints at the knees and elbows, which are gold ; the arms of England are painted on the bodies of their armour in the proper colours ; the letter is white, ftiaded with blue and red, on an entire back ground of gold *. * The original of this plate is to be found in Nero, D. VI. a MS. in the Cotton Library. No. XVI. ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 3* No. XVI. JOHN OF GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER. Joh n of Gaunt was the 4th fon of Edward the Third : he was born at Gaunt, a chief town of Flanders, A. D. 1340. In his childhood he was created earl of Richmond, which title was afterwards recalled in, and beftowed upon John duke of Britanny. He firft married Blanch, daughter and fole heir of Henry duke of Lancafter (fon of Edmund firnamed Crouch Back) in whofe right he was firft earl, and after duke of the fame. By this lady he had iftued Henry earl of Derby, after duke of Hereford, and laftly king of England. Befides the dukedom of Lancafter, John of Gaunt was earl of Leicefter, Derby and Lincoln, and high fteward of England. — This prince is here delineated in the habit of high fteward of England, examining the right, and granting the commiflions of the offices claimed by the nobility at the coronation of Richard the Second. This coronation was extremely grand and magnificent. Speed has copied an account of all the different claims then made, from the very MS. that contains the original of the prefent plate. I have given the following extract from that author, which includes as much of it as is neceflary to explain the (above-mentioned) illumination :. " John, the king's eldeft uncle, under the ftile of John king of Caftile and Leon, and duke of Lancafter, by humble petition to the king, claimed to be now fteward of England, in right of his earldome of Leicefter ; and, as he was duke of Lancafter, to beare the king's chiefe fword, called curtana ; and, as earle of Lincolne, to c^it and carve at the royall table before the king. His petitions being found juft, were confirmed to him, and to his aflignes, the two earles of Derby and Stafford, the firft to beare the fword, while the duke mould be bufied about other offices as fteward, and the other to cut and carve. The duke then, in great eftate, held this the king's high court of ftewardfhip, in the Whitehall of the king's pallace at Weft- minfter, neere to the chappell of the faid palace, upon the Thurfday before the coronation, which was alfo upon a Thurfday. There Thomas of Wood- ftocke, the king's uncle, was admitted to exercife the office of conftable of 3. England* 32 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL England, in right of his wife, one of the daughters and heires of Humfrey de Bohun, late earle of Hereford, and conftable of England. Henry de Piercie* was, by the king's confent and writ, authorifed to exercife the place of marmall of England for that time, faving to every one their right ; for that, by reaibn of the time's mortneffe, the claime which Margaret, daughter and heire to Thomas of Brotherton, late earle of Norfolke, and marihall of England, laid thereunto, could not be difcuffed." — With various other claims of lefs confequence, made at the fame time ; for which the reader is referred to Speed himfelf. It is highly probable that the figure kneeling is Thomas of Woodftock, high conftable of England. This Thomas was the feventh and youngeft Ion of Edward the 1 hird, and brother to John of Gaunt. He is dreffed in dark blue and white ; the figure kneeling is in dark blue and red ; the feat a kind of pink, and the back ground red ; the letter half blue, and half red, worked on with white, and blue corners, with a gold edge round the whole +. * Or de Percy (fo the name was originally written). Percy is a town in Lower Normandy, where this great family had their place of refidence before the Conqueft. t This is in Nero, D. vi. THE x i ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. S3 Th E two fucceeding plates are taken from illuminations in a large MS. at Weftminfter Abbey. The following is a concife account of the book itfelf : 44 The book commonly called Liber Regalis, is a large and curious miffal, which, by the arms emblazoned in it, feems to have been procured, and prefented to the church of Weftminfter, by Nicholas Lytlington, who was abbot there from 1362 to 1386. 44 Befides the ufual calendar, rubric, and offices of thofe times, it con- tains an exact ordinal of the fervice and ceremonies then ufed at the coro- nation of the kings and queens-confort ; together with the chants and anthems performed on the occafion. And the illumination prefixed to this ceremonial, bearing a near refemblance to the portrait of Richard the Second, in the choir of Weftminfter, renders it highly probable that this curious book was provided for the direction of the prelates and nobles who aflifted at that prince's coronation, July the 16th, 1377, and thence acquired the name of Liber Regalis. 44 Note, In the catalogue of the Harleian MSS. No. 310-xiv. fome par- ticulars, touching the coronation of the kings and queens, are faid to have been collected out of a book called Liber Regalis, in the treafury of the church of Weftminfter ; probably by Sir Simon D'Ewes, who made a large collection of MSS. relating to Englifh hiftory. 44 It is likewife fuppofed that a copy of the above-mentioned ceremonial was taken from it while lord keeper Williams was dean of Weftminfter, which may ftill be in private hands." No. XVII. THE CORONATION OF RICHARD THE SECOND. Th 1 s prince, at the death of his grandfather, king Edward (which hap- pened in the month of June, 1377) was but eleven years of age, and on the 1 6th of July, in the fame year, was folemnly crowned king of England by Simon Sudbury, archbiftiop of Canterbury, aflifted by abbot Lytlington. The earl of Derby (afterwards king Henry IV.) bears the curtana. — See page 31. F " At 34 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL " At this coronation (fays Speed) Thomas of Woodftocke, youngeft fon of deceafed king Edward, was created earle of Buckingham, Thomas Mowbray earle of Nottingham, Guychard d'Angolem earl of Huntingdon, and Henry de Piercy earl of Northumberland. — Thus (adds he) the bountie of the young monarch imparted large rays of his imperiall fplendour to thefe eminent perfons of his kingdome : howefoever, thefe and like honours have not in our common wealth eyther alwayes beene fortunate to the receivers, or without repentance to the donors." The king's robe is gold, his clofe garment pink and gold flowers ; the throne is a reddifh brown ; the bifhop at the right hand is in white, and a blue robe with gold flowers ; the abbot at the left is alfo in white, a gold robe with white fpots : the earl of Derby is habited in blue, with white hofe and dark (hoes ; the attendant behind is in white ; the crofs, crofier, mitres and other ornaments, as well as the back ground, are gold ; the lighter colour of the frame red, the dark part blue* No. XVIII. a ANTIQ.UITIES OF ENGLAND. 35 No. XVIII. THE CORONATION OF HIS QUEEN, ANNE OF BOHEMIA. Ta k e the following account of the fame from Holingflied : " News came (fays that author) that the lady Anne, fitter to the empe- roure Wenflaus, and fyanced wife to the kyng of England, was come to Caleis ; wherupon the parliamente was prorogued till after Chriftmafs, that in the mean time marriage myghte be folemnifed, whyche was appointed after the Epiphanye : and forthwith great preparation was made to re- ceyve the bryde, that me myght be conveyed with all honour unto kyng's prefence. " Suche as Ihoulde receyve hir at Dover, repayred thither, where, at hir landing, a marvellous and righte ftraunge wonder happened ; for fhee was no fooner out of hir fhippe, and got to lande in fafety with all hir com- panye, but that forthwith the water was fo troubled and fhaken, as the like thing had not in any man's remembrance ever bin hearde of: fo that the fhippe ill which the appoynted queene came over, was terribly rent into pieces, and the refidue fo beaten one agaynfte another, that they were fcat- tered heere and there, after a wonderfull manner. Before hir comyng to the citye of London, fhee was met on Blackheath, by the mair and citizens of London, in mod honourable wife, and fo with greate triumph convey'd to Weftminfter, where at the time appoynted, all the nobilitie of the realme being aflembled, fhee was joyned in marriage to the king, and crowned queene, by the archebymop of Caunterbury, with all the glory and honour that might be devifed. " There were alfo holden, for the more honour of the fame marriage, folemne juftes for certayne dayes together, in which, as well the Engliflimen as the new queene's countrymen, fhewed proofe of their manhoode and valiancie, wherby prayfe and commendation of knightly prowes was at- chieved, not withoute domage of both the parties." F * The 36 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL The queen's garment is blue ; the robe gold, lined with ermine ; the throne filver varnimed : both the biftiops are in white, edged with gold ; their robes are pink with red flowers, edged with gold; mitres, croffes and the borders are gold : the attendants are white ; back ground blue, and the frame gold. This plate is from the fame MS. with the foregoing. No. XIX. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 37 No. XIX* KING RICHARD THE SECOND. Th i s prince is here reprefented as feated on his throne, furrounded by the different officers of the court, and receiving a book from a monk, in- tituled mn pou?e ct Ample epilfje fe'tttt tieil folttaije ties Ctltftim tie pajis, aojellaut? a tit& excellent, et nt# puiffant, tjeg fccuounatje, eatJjoltciue, et tjest oetjoir p?tuce aRic&ajt, par la gjace tie 3Dieu, IRou ti'augletejje, pour aucune confinnaciou tele que tie la t)?ape pair et amour fjatejuelle ou nit IRop o'tfugletejje> et Ou C&ajleg, pav la gjace tie ©teu, 3Rou tie jfjawe. In Englim thus : " A poor and fimple epiftle of an old folitary of the Celeftins of Paris, addrefled to the moft excellent, and moft powerful, raoft polifhed, catholic, and mod devout prince Richard, by the grace of God, king of England, See. — for no other purpofe than the confirmation of the true peace and fraternal love of thefaid king of England and of Charles, by the grace of God, king of France." I could not get any further intelligence concerning the author of this MS, but it is fairly written, and the picture is well finifhed. This illumination is very curious, on account of the extraordinary length of the Ihoes, then worn at court. That they might not be troublefomc to the wearer when he walked abroad, they were fattened up by means of a fmall chain to the knee. This truly ridiculous famion continued a long time in vogue. In the reign of Edward the Fourth (fays Stow) it prevailed univerfallv, fo that thofe whofe finances would not allow them chains of gold and fiver, had filken firings flretch'd from the knee to the long point of the Ihoe. This enormity was at laft taken into the confideration of the parliament, and in the third year of Edward the Fourth it was enacted, that no men mould * This illumination is in a MS. io the Royal library at the Britifh Mufcum, and maik'd 20. B. 6. wear 38 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL wear fhoes, or boots, with pikes exceeding two inches in length. But this regulation was not quite effectual, ibr in the fifth year of the fame prince we find it was proclaimed throughout the kingdom, that no man, of any degree whatfoever, mould wear any fhoes or boots whofe points exceeded two- inches, upon pain of curling by the clergy, befides the forfeiture of twenty millings. After this laft a£t, we hear no more of them. The king's robe is blue, lined with ermine ; the throne is of a light ftone colour, with the arms of England proper. The monk is drefled in a dark pink; his book is gold, the flag white with a red crofs, and the lamb gold. The figure behind the monk is drefTed in a light blue. The nobleman at the right hand of the picture is in red and gold, the dark leg blue, the other white. The next figure has on a light pink robe, lined with white ; his legs are red. The monk behind the throne is in blue, and the other figure is in a light flem-coloured robe : the pavement a light red, and the back- ground blue and gold, THIRTEEN ANTIQJUITIES OF ENGLAND. 39 Th i r t e e n of the following illuminations are taken from a curious MS. on vellum *, containing the hiftory of the latter part of the reign of (that unfortunate monarch) king Richard the Second, beginning April the 25th, 1399, and ending upon the delivering up of Ifabel, the young queen of England, widow of Richard the Second, to the commiflioners of her father, Charles the Sixth, king of France. This book was written by Francis de la Marque, a French gentleman who was in the fuit of the king during his troubles, and was formerly in the library of the count de Maine. As the following explanations of thefe pictures are but ftiort, I refer the curious reader to Stow, in whofe Chronicle he will find this latter part of the life and reign of Richard (beginning with his going to Ireland) word for word taken from this author : it appears alfo that Holingflied made ufe of him ; but neither of them make the leaft mention of him. The reverend Dr. Percy, in a MS. note which he has prefixed to the original book, fpeaks of the illuminations in the following manner : M The feveral illuminations contained in this book are extremely curious and valuable, not only for the exact difplay of the drefles, &c. of the time, but for the finiftied portraits of fo many eminent characters as are preferved in them." No. XX. Th e author paying his refpects to a Gafcoigne knight (undoubtedly the fame whom Holinguied and Stow name Janico D'Artois) who, he tells us, requefled him to go with him to England : he accordingly went with him from Paris to London, and thence fet out for Ireland to attend king Richard the Second, who was newly gone over to fubdue Mac Murrough, the great Irifli rebel. The author himfelf relates the matter as follows : Cinq joujg tiefcant It pjtmicr jour tie $ap, 3ue tgafcun tiott laifler tmetl et tfmap, tan tfjelj alter qjie fce ton tmv a map, ^oult fcoulcement, • This MS. is in the Harieian library at the Britifli Mufeum, and marked 13 19. 3 4 o REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL fyt t>it, amp, %t Jjousi »?i cfiejement, ®u'en Albion tomfliej topeufement jafceeques mop toenir pjocijainnement, fi bueil aler . ? jt refpontri ; monfeigneur, commander pot>e5 fur mop;— 3e fui njeft o'encliuer 35a boulentc a botjc lion center, j£cn ooubte5 la f 3le cfiebalier cenc fot5 me mcjcia, SDifant, fje^e certcs il conoeno?a 55ein b?ief pajtir,— car gaffer nog faulota §>oie3 cejtainsu Ce fu en Ian mil, cuiatje ccns, nn maing ©ue Oe ^ajtg, — cgafcun tic foie plains, ifroug pa^tifinejs, cSebancljaw foirg ec mains *&ang atajgier 3lufqua 3lont>?ess, la nous conmnt logier Mn ^e?c?ebi, a fjeur oe mangier ; la poboit on ueoir maim cfiebalier j?aije oe»a?t 2De la llille, car le bon l&op liUcfiau <£toit na^tij, $c* Which may be thus tranflated : " Five days before the firft day of May, when every one ought to leave off mourning and grief, a knight, with great love towards me, faid foftly thus, " Friend, I earneftly befeech thee, if it pleafe thee, to go joyfully with me dire&ly to Britain," . — I anfwered, " My lord, you may command me ; I am ready, doubt not, to in- cline my will to your defires."— The knight thanked me a hundred times, and faid, " Brother, it will be neceffary for us to fet off directly, for be certain we muft be hafty." — It was in the year one thoufand four hundred, that one morning we fet out joyfully from Paris, riding day and night, without delay, till we came to London, where we arrived on a Wednefday at the hour of dinner ; and there we faw many knights departing from thence, for the good king Richard was already fet out.'* The mowy luxurious habit of the knight deferves attention. When the knights were not cafed in armour, they wore a drefs that feems ta have more than Afiatic foftnefs and effeminacy. — He is habited in red and gold ; the dark part of the fleeve is blue, the light part white. The au- thor is in green ; the ground proper, and the back ground blue and gold in diamonds* No. XXL 3? ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND, No. XXL THE KNIGHTING OF HENRY, SON TO THE DUKE OF LANCASTER. ng Richard being with his forces in Ireland, confers, with great marks of kindnefs, the order of knighthood on the fon of Henry duke of Lancafter and earl of Derby, then in banimment. This fon was afterwards king Henry the Fifth. The author fays as follows : flfcn te faifaw, Ie top, qui leg Itepa?? pojte en blafon, fift ttn$ tie touted uajg; jfaije $ tantoff pafeong $ effanfcajs €t\ Sault letjei*. #pjes fiff, il tie ft?ap tuet, fang amer, 3Le fils au out tie Hauteaffje manner, <2>ui effort uel $ ieune bat&eler, taut etfott uel tt ban ; Car pou fc'a&ent £ on paigs, poujcc tomtmment ^ajtljanijent eulr a beffcss, feulment* <£n tiefcenoant, toujoit fi afj^ement &uamon aotn'g, j©ncquesi mai'5 four ise ma fce ne titjS Coinje fitolr liel^e, cejf ne fajetitss, ili'aut?e belle, pour certain la fcoug fete Comme il faifoit, fl£n fa main iiertje tm oa?oe pojtoit dD?ant $ Iongue, De quop moult bein gtttou, &a femulaunce aiufi comme il etfoit Clee5 poujt^aue, [Then comes the picture.] SDefcam le boi$ la fuit i'affemblee fait preg tTun ntiffel* " Between 44 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL " Between two woods, at a diftance from the fea, Maquemore, taking the advan- tage of the mountains, was with his Irifh ; the number I cannot juftly fay. He had a horfe (on which he fat] without ftirrups or faddle, which coft him, as it was faid, four hundred cows, it was fo valuable ; for in that country they have but little mo- ney, and merchandize only with hearts, which they exchange. In defcending [from the wood towards the king's hof!:] he rode fo fwiftly, that in all my life I never faw either hare, flag, or any other beaft, able to keep pace with him. In his right hand he carried a great long dart, which he could ufe very dexteroufly. His ap- pearance was as you may here fee painted. — [Here comes in the picture.] — Before the wood, the afTembly was made near to a little rivulet." Mac Murrough has a light pink robe over his moulder ; and the figure next to him is in white, with a red cap ; and the third figure is red, with a white cap. The middlemoffc figure of the foldiers is in red, and the other two in blue ; the ground and trees proper, and the back ground blue and gold. From the fame MS* as No. XX, No. XXIII, ANTIQjJITIES OF ENGLAND, ■ 45 No. XXIII. THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY PREACHING TO THE PEOPLE. "W"h i l e king Richard is in Ireland, he receives intelligence that Thomas Arundel, archbifhop of Canterbury, had publicly preached of the great wrongs done to Henry duke of Lancafter, and had produced a bull from Rome, promifing Paradife to all that would aid him againft his enemies. The author fpeaks as follows : fl&t comment quant il aniba piimtv €n fon pais, il ftff au* itn$ piec&ier 31'ajcebefque tie Cantojme fiet E>ifant, ainft, 3£>es bonnes sens, entente tons iti ; mous fabe5 men comment it iilop ^etnp g?ant to?t bot?e feicjnem; ^en^p, fans raifom e puis I'euje cui'ilj fujent baptifier, ®ui lui aioejont tous cejtains enfoie$ Cellc joujnee* €t befenct la bulle feelle, &ue la pappe tie !Rome la fobee #a enboie, $ pour bous bous bonne> 4pes bous amis, $u Which may be thus tranflated : " And now, when he [duke Henry] lirft arrived in his country, he caufed the archbiflaop of Canterbury to preach to the people, faying, " My good friends, all of 46 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL of you who are here have heard of the evils which the king Richard * liath done to your lord Henry, and that without any reafon. For this caufe 1 have prayed to faint Peter, who is our patron, that all thofe who fhall aid the duke fhall have fpeedy pardon and remiffion of all their fins, which they may have committed from the hour of their baptifm to the prefent time. And here behold the fealed bull which .the Pope of Kome hath fent to me, my good friends, to confirm the fame to you/* The archbifhop's robe is red and gold, his mitre white and gold; the •figure holding; the crofs is in a lead colour : the firft of the five fitting front figures is in a light pink ; the next blue, and his legs white ; the next in purple, the next in red, and the laft in green : the other figures are red and blue* the pulpit a light green, the cloth blue and gold, the feal to the bull .red, the back ground blue and gold. This is from the fame MS. with No. XX. * So it Ihould certainly be, though the French author has miftakenly, in the fecond verfe, wrote •it " le Roy Henry," inftead of w le Roy Richart," to whom it undoubtedly alludes. No. XXIV. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 47 No. XXIV. KING RICHARD WITH HIS FRIENDS AT CONWAY. King Richard having landed at Milford Haven, is here drawn as con- fulting with his friends at Conway caftle. He Teems to wear a prieft's black cowl, probably by way of difguife. The per fori (in blue) fpeaking to the king, is John Montacute, earl of Salifbury ; the bifhop (above him) in a cowl, feems to be Merks, bifhop of Carlifle. In a feparate compartment to the right, are John Holland, duke of Exeter, the king's half-brother, and Thomas Holland, duke of Surrey, fon to the king's other half-brother, Thomas Holland, earl of Kent, deceafed. — The French author thus defcribes the fcene which he has here depicted : I'affamMf v ou Kop contour, <£n lieu tie jote, p'ot moult g?ant ooulour, pleu?$J plains fum?g n'p rent nag feiour> d5emij$ ne ouetl ; Cejteg teflrott g?ant mtte atjoic ouetl 3Leur countenance $ leur mo?tel acuetl, 3La conte aoott la face tie fon muctl 2Defconlou?ee, flu 3Rop coma fa ou:e iiefftnee, ftt comment fait aoott fon affemblee, ©uant Oefcenou fuoe la met fallce €n GDnsIete^e, Something like this in Englifh : " The affembly round about the king, inftead of being joyous, were full of grief, fo that there was nothing but the mournful appearance of tears, complainings, fighs, and groans ; it was a very piteous fight to fee the anxiety and grief which was upon their countenances. The earl [of Salifbury] appeared at beft but difconfolate, and to the king recounted his cruel deftiny, and how he had gathered his ho ft, when he landed from the fait fea into England, &c.'* 3 Ths 4 S REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL. The king is habited in a red robe and black cowl ; Salifbury is in blue and gold ; the bifhop behind the king is in a iky blue cowl and dark pink robe ; the figure at the king's right hand is in light pink and gold, and the other above him in red, with a blue cap. The figures in the other com- partment are, the one in a dark blue and gold, and the other in a light red. The buildings of a ftone colour, except the roofs, which are red ; the back ground blue and gold. From the fame MS. as No. XX. No. XXV. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 49 No. XXV. THE EMBASSY OF KING RICHARD SENT TO THE DUKE OF LANCASTER. *T\i e king fends the duke of Exeter and the duke of Surrey to the duke of Lancafter at Chefter, to confer with him, and come to an agreement to terminate their difference. He keeps only fixteen perfons with him at Conway. The author writes thus : pour enfcoies oebejis le out I£en?i, £)r aouint il que par cul5 fu cDoift 3le cue 3Derceffje, car on eulf un faille 3La at?out?e5 j lomme qui fecuff fi fagement pa?ler, lie ung^ant fait pjonouncier $ router* #&ecquejs lui fift le uon JRop ale5 ^on beau coufin, ©ui effoit Due tie &ouojap» 3le matin pajtijent, eulr. cu Kop le quel tie fin Cuer Ieur pjia tie atyeger la t&emin €t tie bcin fai?e, <£t que tjesbein lui comment tout I'affairc ®ue tp oebant at>e5 op ret?ai?e; #ffin telle que tie lui puiltent qaije flccoff ou £air* Thus in Englifli : " The duke of Exeter was chofen [by the king] to be fent to the duke Henryj for amongft all his company there was none that could fpeak more fer.fible, or fet an important affair in a jufter light. With him the king alfo fent his coufin, the duke of Surrey. They fet forth in the morning, and the king earnestly befought them to be fpeedy in their journey, and execute their commiffion with all the care and difpatch that they could ; for he mould be very anxious to know whether peace or war was intended towards him." H The 5 o REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL The chief figure is in blue and gold, with a red cap and black boots, and the trappings of his horfe are red ; the other is in red and gold, and a blue cap, and black trappings ; the horfes are of an amber-coloured brown. The principal figure of the attendants is in green (this is the author) and the two on either fide of him in blue, with brown caps ; and the light figure is in white, and a red cap. Ground proper, and back ground blue and gold. From the fame MS. as No. XX, No. XXVL > ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. No. XXVI. THE INTERVIEW WITH DUKE HENRY. Th e dukes of Exeter and of Surrey arc introduced to the duke of Lancafter, who is in black, being in mourning (I fuppofe) for the death of John of Gaunt, his father. Henry duke of Lancafter only detains the duke of Exeter, who had married his fifter, but impriibns the duke of Surrey. The original runs thus : Slu true ^enjp fujent mentj le pass SDjoit on cljaffel, qui fit fait acompasf, #u tmv en ot giant joie $ g?ant foulag &uant il leg bit; bonne f&ie?e par femblance leuc fiff ? ui et ma?jp et lo?$s Iut ba comptant C?effagement tout te qu'cp bebant, %i)t$ op quant 1I5 furent pajtant SD'abet le IRop, $c» 3le but ^en?p less fitt en beu* pa^tie, #bet Iut fitt fon beau fjeje tenir, 3la but SDetteffje; d;t le bon but be ^oulb?ap fill il mettje, Ct enfejmer rng ou tgaftel be Gelfje, ©u'il p'a maint belle feneffje, €t maint gault mtn% In Englifh : " And they directed their Heps to the caflle where duke Henry was, who rejoiced extremely when he faw them, and caufed them to be feafted with great pretended H 2 amity. 5* REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL amity. This done, he faid to the duke of Exeter, " I befeech thee, fair brother, without the lead reftraint, to tell me what news you bring." — [He anfwered] " It is what will not be very pleafing to my lord, but, on the contrary, very diftafteful and unhappy." — Then he entered upon his difcourfe in a mofb prudent manner, re- lating the reafons for which he left the king," &c. [And this he did in fo plain and open a manner, and was feconded by- Surrey fo, that Henry was very angry, and proceeded to violence.] " The duke Henry ordered them to be parted, and his half-brother, the duke of Exeter, he caufed to be kept with him ; but the good duke of Surrey was Ihut up clofely in the caftle of Chefter," &c. Lancafter is in black ; the two dukes as before ; the foldier by Lancafter is in a light pink, with gold flowers ; the buildings as before, except the roofs, which are blue ; the back ground red, ftriped with gold. From the fame MS. with No. XX, No. xxvir. ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. No. XXVII. INTERVIEW BETWEEN THE EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND KING RICHARD. Th e carl of Northumberland (Henry Percy, firft earl) comes from duke Henry to perfuade the king to go with him, and delivers his meflage on his knees. The perfon by the king is the earl of Salifbury. Northumberland plainly tells the king of the errors of his government, and promifes him that the differences between him and the duke of Lancafter lhall be determined by parliament : this he offers to confirm by oath. The author fays : 3lo?0 le conte monta Cn tm umflcl $ leaue culnr pafla, 3Le top HUcljajt en0 caffel tjouoa, Cr aurc 1m Cjouoa le conte tie &alfeue?p, £>tl Oau0 plaiflr, fi?e, $ que te foie op0, 3le Oo u0 Oijap €t ritt'tl Oou0 mantle ne meu0 nen menttjap* £>e oou0 0oule5 eft?e lion futje $ o?ap, ffct tjelrou0 cculr, qui cp Oou0 nomme?ap, i?ai?e Oentr # certain four, pour luffice acompltr, % Wxftmtiuftit, le casement ootr, &tie tjou0 fe?e3 ent?e 00110 Deur tem'r, par lopaultc; ftt que g?ant iurje fott tl reftttue 2D'eugIeteije, comme laoott effe %t Out fon pe?e, $ tout fon pajeute, ^lu0 tie cent an0* In 54 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL In Englifli thus : 'aut;e coffe on ne paboit palter, pour la roc&aille ; £Unft comuttt pnffcr bailie que bailie, £>u tft}t mo:t tout pajmp la baratllr 2Dc0 geng ou conte, qui fu ajme oe maille €t bene bueil. 0infi najlant noug tomunt, appjocljier SDeulr ft comme au tjait tfun bon ajcljier, 3Lojss le conte fe bin, ageuoillier ^eftoit a te??e, £)ifant au rop— 3e boug aloje que??e* *pon ojoit feigneir, ne bous buetlle btfpleie Car le uapg eft egs meu uour Ie guc^e Com boug fabej, £ffin que meulr fotej afleuje3* ILo?0 biff le rop, ie fauffe bein allej &an& tant be geng qui cp manbe5 abej. " They rode from the town till they came to the rock, which on one fide was beat by the high fea, and on the other there was no pafiage becaufe of the rock itfelf; fo that when we had paffed from valley to valley, we faw the people of the earl ranged in battle array, armed in coats of mail. 1 Thus 5 % REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL Thus fpeaking amongft ourfelves (fays the author) we approached to them at the diftance of about a bow mot, when the earl came, and fell upon his knees on the ground, faying to the king, " My true lord, be not difpleafed, for the country is up in arms, as you well know, and thefe men are for your better guard." — When the king faid [for he faw that he was betrayed] " I could well have went without fo many people to attend upon me as you have here commanded." The bifhop behind the king in a fky-blue cowl ; the figure at the king*s right hand pink and gold, and a red cap ; the firft right-hand foldier blue and gold, the next red, and him behind in pink ; the firft foldier on the left a dark lead colour, the next pink, the next blue, and the laft red ; the rock and the ground dark green, back ground blue and red. The king himfelf as before ; as is Northumberland, all except his armour, which is of an iron colour, as are all the armours. From the fame MS. as No. XX. No. XXX, ANTIQ.UITIES OF ENGLAND. 59 No. XXX. INTERVIEW BETWEEN THE DUKE OF LANCASTER AND KING RICHARD. Th e king being come to Flint cattle, is refpectfully faluted by the duke of Lancafter, and there enfues a fhort conference. To relate this the more exattly, the author (who was prefent) has put it into profe. As this hifto- rical paflfage is extremely curious, I have given it in the author's own words, as follow : japjeg ent?a la tmc on c&aftel, a?me tie touted piece? ejeepte tre bactnet, tomme bouss pobe5 beoit en ceffe pftoije ; Ioj0 fitt on Defcenoje le rop, qui aboit oefne en tronton, $ benic a I'entontje on Due I£cn?p, le quel ije ft loing qu'il I'abifa 0'cn* tltna a!Te5 bag a te?e> et en apjoucBant Tun be I'autje il 0'enclina Ie fetonb (015, fon e&apel en fa main, (tt 1030 Ie top offa fon cljappejon, et pa?la pjimer, bifant en telle manieje : " 315ean coufin be Hancaffje, bou0 foie5 Ie tje0bien benu," 3loj0 refponbi le out I£en?p, entline affc0 ba0 a te??e, " spon feigncur, je fui benu pluffoitt que bous ne mabes manbe; la taifon poujquop it Ie bou0 oijap. — 3La commune renommee tie botje peuple c eft telle, ©ue bou0 lege abe5, par I'efpace tie ao ou 12 an0, t?ete maubaifement et tre?* rigojeufement goubejm^, et tant qu'il3, n'en font pass une content,— $Tai0 fil plaift a notje feigneur, je le bou0 aibejap a goubejner meulr qu'il na efte gou^ bejne Ie temp0 pauV' 3Le top lflic§a?t lui refponbi alo*0, << Beau coufin tie llancaftje, pm0 qu'il boug plaift il nou0 plaift bien." Ct facme5 tie eejtain, que ce font le pjopjeg pajoleg qn'il0 bijent eulr beur enfcmble, Literally thus in Englifh : *' After the duke entered the caftle, armed at all points except the bacinet [hel- met] as you may lee in this ftory. Then they caufed the king to come down, who had dined in the Keep, that he might meet the duke Henry, who, as far as he faw the king, bowed very low to the ground, and as he approached, he bowed the fecond I 2 time. 6o REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL time, with his cap in his hand. Then the king put off his hood, and fpake firu% faying in this manner: u Fair coufin of Lancafter, you are very welcome." Then anfwered the duke Henry, bowing very low to the ground, " My lord, I am come fooner than you commanded me ; the reafon why I will tell you. — The common fame of your people is this, That you have, for the fpace of 20 or 12 years, treated them fo evilly, and fo very rigouroufly governed them, that there is not one of them contented. — But if it pleafe my lord, I will aid you to govern them better than they have been governed in time paft." Then the king Richard anfwered, " Fair coufin of Lancafter, fince it pleafes you, it pleafes us well.'* And know for certain, that thefe are the very words which were faid by thofe two together." The earl of Salifbury is at the king's right hand ; Merks, bifhop of Carlifle, at his left. The bifhop is in a Iky blue robe, and pink cowl ; the figure next him, at his left, blue and gold ; flrft foldier behind Lancafter pink, next red ; the roofs of the houfes blue, and the turret red ; the back ground is red, with gold flourifhes. The king, Lancafter and Salifbury, as before. This is from the fame MS. as No, XX. No. XXXI. A N T I QJJ I T I E S OF ENGLAND. 61 No. XXXI. KING RICHARD CONVEYED TO LONDON. Th e duke of Lancafter leads king Richard into London : they are met by the citizens. — The French author gives the following account of this meeting : &uant il apjouclje a 5 ou 6 mile p?e0 tic la bille be llottfnea, le maije, acorn* paigne tie g?ant quantite be communes, ojbonne5, $ belfu0 c&afcun metfier, par fop tie bibet0 b?ap0, bope5 $ a??ibe3 tnntyent a I'encontje tie tiuc J£en?p ; a gjant quantite b'inff?umen0 $ tie tjompete0 bemenant, g?ant joie $ gjant confolacion- — C-t la pajtoit on lefpce bebant la tiit matte, comme bebant le top, a I'affcmble Ie falutjent, et le tiuc l^enjp ap?e0, au qu'el 1(5 fi.:ent t?op plus giant tebejence qu'il n'aboient fait au rop, cjiant en leut language, bunt Ijault tjoijr et efpoubentable, " flUibe Ie bon Due tie llancaftje f* €t bifoit Tun a l'aut?e, " ®ue H>ieut leut aboit mont?e beau mijacle, quant tl lut aboic enbote Ie bit tiuc ; et comment il abott conqui0 tout le topaume b'Cfcnglete^e en motng b'un tnops i et que bein Deboit efr?e top, qui ainfi 0'aboit conquejit/' et la but toutna au tout be la milt. In Englifh : " When they approached within 5 or 6 miles of the city of London, the mayor, accompanied with a great number of the common people, all in order, and habited every one according to his trade, with divers flags, came thus far to meet the duke Henry; with them they had many various inftruments of mufic and trumpets, re- joicing exceedingly. And before the faid mayor they carried a fword, in like man* ner as is done before the king. When the affembly were arrived they faluted the king^ 62 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL king, and after him the duke Henry, to whom they paid a greater reverence than they had done to the king, crying aloud in their language, in a tumultous manner, " Long live the good duke of Lancafter !" And then they faid one to another, " This is a fair miracle which God had mown to them, in fending the aforefaid duke j and how he had conquered all England in lefs than the fpace of one month ; and that he ought furely to be king, who fo well knew how to conquer." And then they thanked our Lord very devoutly, faying, neques n'op pajler ije telle; p?emiej0 feoit le but ^enjp, itt puis tout au plus p?cs be Ip He but 3Dio?f, fon beau toufin, ©ui n'aboit pas le tuer nop fin tEejs fon nepuou la rop llicljajt. 0p?es, be ceife mefme pajt, 3te but 2Dauma?le fe feoit, ©ui fcl5 a but 2Dio?c elfoit; (fct puis le bon but be §>oulb?ap, liui fu tousfoujs lopal et bjap. Bp^es feoit le but 2Dejrteff?e, HDui ne bcboit pas iopeur etfje, Cat il beoit bcbant lp faije 3la pa?cil pour Ic top beffaire, K £ui elfoit fon fje^e gejmaiu; SDe te fait au foin et au main #boient tous gjant boulente. #p?es> eflrait be ce toffe, tain autje, qui ot non le ma?quis> Seigneur eftoit be g?ant pais itt puis, le conte 2D a?onbeI, &ui eft alTej iune et pfnel. £p ; es be ^ojnic le tome £De fu pas oublie ou tompte £uffi, ne fu til be la ^ajtDe. #p e es pot b'une, autje j^ajtge, tan qui fu come be &>tanfojb, %t quel naimoit pas la tonto?be SDe fon feigneut le rop Hicfiajt. (fcncor, feoit be tefte pajt, Mix qui fuop afes nommer Conte be panebjac et Wtv-, 'ilr le conte be £>alfebcrp, ©ui fu lopal lufqua la fin, truant ama le rop be tuer fin. %t tome SDmneftal p fu, ^i tomme it lap emcnbu, {£ous aut?es tomes et feignetijs, flfct bu ropaume les gjeigneujs j (^ftotent a telle affemblee flians boulcnte et penfee SDcslije ( 66 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 2T>e0li?e la un autje rop,. Ha effotent, par bel afeop, =!le conte tic il^ojtSomliejIant, C£t It conte oe 3UelJmc?lant, Cottte jour en etfant fang foir, dfct pour mieul* faiie Icni* cc&oit &a genoilloient moult foufoent i 3Ie tie fap poujfjuop, ne comment* In Englifti : ff And they made their evil-minded afTembly at Weftminfter, without the city — Round about near the throne fat the prelates, and on the other fide were all the nobles of the land, from the greatefl to the leafl, feated in juft order, as I fhall pro- ceed to fhow : , Firft fat duke Henry, and clofe to him the duke of York, his coufin, whofe heart was not faithful to his nephew Richard. After him, on the fame fide, fat the duke of Aumarle, the fon of the duke of York; and alfo the good duke of Surrey, who was always true and loyal. After him fat the duke of Exeter, who had no caufe of joy, becaufe they were there making the neceflary preparations to dethrone the king, who was his brother-in-law ; for the people were all of them refolved upon this act. After him, on the fame fide, fat another who bore the name of marquis, a lord of great pofTefiion alfo, the earl of Arundel, a fair young man. After him the earl of Norwich ought not to be forgot, nor him of March. Befides thefe, there was another called the earl of Stamford, who fought not the peace of his lord king Richard. Again, upon that fame fide, I ought to name the earl of Pembroke and Bury ; and clofe to him fat the earl of Salifbury, who was loyal to the laft, and loved the king with a faithful heart. The earl of Dun- flable was alfo there, as I heard, as well as all the other earls and lords; the chief of the realm ; and they were met in this afTembly with the thought and defire to fet up another king. — With them, and moved by the fame defire, was the earl of Northumberland, and the earl of Weftmorland. Thefe two continued all the time without being feated, and, the better to exprefs their duty, were often kneeling; but J know not in what manner, or to what purpofe." The bifhops are not named. The throne is red and gold; Lancafter as before in No. XXXI. The figure next him is all in gold ; the next to him is in blue, and a brown cap ; and the next red and gold flowers, with a blue cap ; the next in purple and gold, and a green cap and red feet : the flep is blue. The earl of North- umberland (ftanding on the right) is in blue and gold, lined with white, and red fleeves ; the earl of Weftmorland (on the left) is in green. The bifhop next the throne is in black, and a brown cowl ; the next fky blue ; the next deep blue ; the next red ; and the next deep blue again ; and the part that appears of another figure is pink. The roof on the top is red, and back ground to it blue flowered with gold. The building is of a lead co- lour, and the ceiling blue. This is from the fame MS. as No. XX. 7 I here xxxiv ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. «7 I Here take the liberty to break into the regular feries of monarchs and hiftorical fads, to introduce fome few interefting portraits of great perfon- ages, who flourifhed in fome of the foregoing reigns. Moft of them are from the catalogue of benefactors to the abbey of St. Alban's * ; which cata- logue feems to have been begun by the monks there, about the latter end of the reign of Richard the Second, and was finiihed in the life-time of king: Henry the Sixth. — In it are preferved many well-finifhed portraits of the charitable contributors to the above abbey. A great many of the illuminations in this MS. were drawn by the hand of Alan Strayler, who it feems was a defigner and painter. — Weever fpeaks of him as follows : " I had like to have forgotten Alan Strayler, the painter or limner out of pictures, in the Golden Regifter," [the MS. above mentioned was fo called] "of all the benefactours to this abbey; who, for fuch his paines (howfoever he was well payed) and for that he forgave three millings four- pence of an old debt owing unto him for colours, is thus remembered : Nomen pi&oris Alanus Strayler, habetur Qui fine fine choris celeftibus afibcietur." " The painter's name is Alan Strayler, who fhall be received as a companion of the heavenly choir for ever f .* In the MS. itfelf, the portrait of this painter occurs with the mention made of his forgiving the debt, as declared above, as well as thefe verfes. No. XXXIV. QJJEEN MATILDA Is the portrait of " i|hmltu0 IrUgt'tta," the pious queen, nrfl: wife to king Henry the Firfr, who in her youth was brought up in a monaftic way of life, and on her advancement beftowed feveral liberal donations on many abbeys, convents, &c. She was daughter to Makolme the Third, king of * This book is in the Cotton library, and is marked Nero, D. VII, t Ancient Funeral Monuments, page 578. K 2 Scotland : 6$ REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL Scotland : her mother was Margaret, daughter to Edward, the fori of Edmund Ironfides, king of England. — Holingfhead gives the following account of this Matilda : " And ere long they confidered how Edgar, king of Scotland, had a fifter named Maud, a beautiful lady and of virtuous conditions, who was a profeff- ed nun in a religious houfe, to the end fhe might avoid the {forms of the world, and lead her life in more fecurity, after her father's deceafe. This woman, notwithftanding her vow, was thought to be a meet bedfellow for the king ; therefore he fent ambaffadors to her brother Edgar, requiring him that he might have her in marriage. But (he refufing fuperftitioufly at the firft to break her profeffion or vow, would not hear of the offer : where- withal king Henry being the more enflamed, fendeth new embafTadors, to move the fame in more earneft fort than before; infomuch that Edgar, upon the declaration of their embafly, fet the abbefs of the houfe wherein {he was enclofed, in hand to perfuade her to the marriage, the which fo effe&ually declared unto her, in fundry wife, how neceffary, profitable and honourable this fame fhould be, both to her country and kindred, did fo prevail at laft, that the young lady granted willingly to 'he marriage. — Hereupon me was conveyed into England, and married to the king, who caufed the archbifhop Anfelm to crown her queen, on faint Martin's day, which fell, as that year come about, upon the Sunday, being the eleventh .of November, A. D. 1 100." Her clofe drefs is a very dark pink j and her robe a deep red, lined with white, crofs'd with pink ; her head-drefs is white, and a gold crown : the cufhion to the feat is red, the feat ftone-colour ; the back ground light jrellow, flowered with purple, and the frame a deep purple. No. XXXV. 11 ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 6 9 No. XXXV. JOAN, PRINCESS OF WALES. Th i s plate reprefents Joan, countefs of Kent, who was the wife of Ed- ward the Black Prince, and married to him in the year 1361. Speed gives us the following account : u Edward, the eldeft fon of king Edward the Third, and born at Wood- flock, July 15, the 3d year of his father's reign, A. D. 1329, was created prince of Wales, duke of Aquitaine and Cornwall, and earl of Chefter : he was alfo earl of Kent in right of this lady, who was the moll; admired lady of that age, daughter of Edmond earl of Kent, brother by the father's fide to king Edward the Second. She had been twice married before ; firft, to the valiant earl of Salrlbury, from whom (he was divorced ; next, to the lord Thomas Holland ; after whofe deceafe, this prince, paffionately loving her, did marry her. By her he had iffue two fons : Edward, the eldeft, born at Angolefme, who died at feven years of age ; and Richard, born at Bourdeaux, who after his father's death was prince of Wales, and after the death of his grandfather (king Edward the Third) king of England." The prefent portrait, which is the only one of this princefs that I have found, is extremely well finifhed. She holds in her hand the box of gold which me gave to the abbey. Her drefs is very curious, though nothing can be faid in praife of its elegance. Her clofe drefs is cloth of gold flowered, with red ornaments. The robe which comes over her moulders, and alfo falls down, covering her knees, is red, enriched with purple flowers ; this robe is lined with ermine. The box REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL box is gold, which fhe holds in her left hand. Her head-drefs appears to be a pure white ; and the three parts of an under veil which is leen hanging over her forehead and cheeks, is like a fine lawn. Her feat is of a ftone colour ; the back ground is dark and light blue, flowered ; and the frame which encornpaffes the whole is red and white. No. XXXVI KXXVi ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. No. XXXVI. CONSTANCE, QUEEN OF CASTILE. Th e firft of the two portraits reprefented on this plate is Conftance, eldeft daughter of Peter, king of Caftile and Leon. She was married A. D. 1372, to John of Gaunt, duke of Lancafter (fourth fon of Edward the Third) who, in right of his wife, took upon him the title of " King of Castile and Leon." She died A. D. 1394. Holingfliead writes as follows : " In his xlvi. yeare, the duke of Lancafter, being as then a widower, married the lady Conftance, eldeft daughter to Peter king of Spaine, which was flayne by the baftarde brother Henrie (as before ye have heard). " Alfo the lorde Edmonde, earle of Cambridge, married the ladye Ifabell, fifter to the fame Conftance. Their other fifter, named Beatrice, affianced to Don Ferdinando, fonne to Peter king of Portingale, was departed this life a little before this tyme, at Bayonne, where they were all three left as hoftages by theyr father, when the prince went to bring him home into his country (as before ye may reade). " FrohTart writeth, that the duke married the ladie Conftance in Gafcoigne, and that fhortly after he returned into England with his fayde wife, and hir fifter, leaving the Capital de BuefFz, and other lordes of Gafcoigne and Poiclou, in charge with the rule of thofe countrys. By reafon of that marriage, the duke of Lancafter, as in right of his wife, being the elder fifter, caufed himfelf to be intituled king of Caftile, and his fayde wife queene of the fame realme." MARGARET, DUCHESS OF NORFOLK. Th e fecond portrait is Margaret, duchefs of Norfolk, daughter to Thomas of Brotherton, fifth fon of Edward the Firft. She was twice married. Her firft hufband was John lord Segrave, who died in the 27th year of Edward 7* REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL Edward the Third ; by whom me had no iffue. Then me was re-married to her fecond hufband, Sir Walter Manny, knight of the garter, lord of the town of Manny, in the diocefe of Cambray : him me alfo out-lived, and died the 24th of March, in the firft year of Henry the Fourth. She- put in her claim to the marftialmip of England, at the coronation of Richard the Second. (See page 32.) The clofe drefs of Conftance is a deep red bound with gold, and a white bracelet on her arm; the garment (he holds up is a crimfon red; her head- drefs is white, and the four balls are gold : the back ground blue, white, and gold ; the frame blue, the corners gold, and the purfe white. The robe and head drefs of the duchefs of Norfolk are white; the purfe is gold; the back ground blue, white and gold; and the frame red, with gold corners. No. XXXVII. xxx Vn ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 73 No. XXXVII. CHAUCER. Th i s portrait of Chaucer is preferved in a book written by his difciple Occleve, or Hoccleve, who was fome time keeper of the privy fignet office *. He, out of love and refpect to his dead mafter, caufed this portrait to be done, which is pointing to thefe lines : #no tftougb iji<$ Ipfe be cjuepnt, tfie tefemblauwe £)f f)im in me fjadj fo ftefglje Ipffpneffe, CJjnt to »utte otfi?e men in remembjaunce ;©f Jji0 nejfone, 3 £>atje Jjeeje $i0 Ipfeneffe &oo maoe to tfiig eno, in fotD faffneffe, ^Jjat tfiei t&at Ijabe of fiim left tfioug&t ano mpnoe, 31Bp t&igs »epntu?e map agepn Sim fpnoe* Chaucer is often called, by our Englifli hiftorians, the Prince of Poets. His parents are not known ; yet certain it is, that he was in great efteem at court in the reign of Edward the Third, &c. and his works are, even now, much reflected, notwithstanding their homely ftile and obfolete terms, through which mod of their antient beauty is loft. He was married to the daughter of Payne Roet, knight, and died A.D. 1400, aetat. fui 70 Take alfo the following lines written by the fame Hoccleve in praife of Chaucer, his deceafed mafter. This is extracted from his poem, intituled " De Regimine Principis." 15ut toelataap, fo is mine gajt tooe, Cfjat tfie fionour of (IfcncjUu) tongue i0 oeefc, £)f topics 3 toont toas counfaile Sabe ano reeo, j© matter oe?e> anD fao?e rebejent ! £pp mafter Cijaucer, flotoje of eloquence, ^ti?or of ftmtuouss entenoeinent; £> unibejfaU fairje of fcience! 2lafg ! tfiat tfjott tfiine excellent pjubewe * This MS. is preferved in the Harleian library, marked 4866. + Granger Biog. Hift. L 3n 74 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 3fn tfjp beo mojtal mtgStelf not bequeath MS at eplti SDeatg ? aiafg ! toljp tooulo ffie tge fie ? SBeatg, t£>at oilieff not fiajme fingler in flaug&ter of Jjim> HBut all tfie Iano fmejtetlj ! Wut natljelefle, pet Ijaft t&ou no »o1ct>er Ijiss name fie !£ig fiie net*tne attejtetft mnflaine f?o tljee, to&tcfi ap u$ lifelp gejtetS, Wtfi boofceg of fits atom ojnat emitting, ^fiat is to all tljiss lanO enlumintng* The figure is in a dark lead-coloured garment, and the back ground is green. No. XXXVIII. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND.. No. XXXVIII. CORONATION OF HENRY THE FOURTH. This plate reprefents the coronation of king Henry the Fourth, which ceremony was performed by Thomas Arundel, archbiftiop of Canterbury, and Richard Scrope, archbiftiop of York, at Weftminfter. It is great pity that the reft of the attendants (which doubtlefs are likenefles of many of the principal perfonages of the realm) mould, for want of a proper deicriptiou (by the author) be loft to the world. The figure kneeling in front, perlrp;, may be defigned to reprefent the abbot of Weftminfter, holding the gi eat miflal book, while the archbiftiop performs the facred fervice. " In the morrow (fays Holingftiead) being faint George's day, and 13th of Oclober, A. D. i3<;9, the lord mayor of London road towards the Tower to attend the king, with diverfe worftiipfull citizens clothed all in red ; and from the Tower the king ridde through the citie unto Weftmin- fter, where he was facred, annoyntcd, and crowned king, by the archbiftiop of Canterburie, with all the ceremonies and royall folemnitie as was due and requifite. ** And at the day of his coronation (as fayth Hall) becaufe he would not have it thought that he took upon him the crowne without good title and right therunto had, therefore he caufed it to be proclaymed and publiftied, that he challenged the realme not only by conqueft, but alfo that he was by king Richard adopted as heyre, and declared fucceflbr of hym, and by refignation had accepted the crowne and fcepter ; and alfo that he was next heire male of the blood royall to king Richarde. " Though all other rejoyced at his advancement, yet furely Edmonde Mortimer, earle of March, which was coufm and heyre to Lionell duke of Clarence, the third begotten fonne of king Edward the Third, and Richard earle of Cambridge, fonne to Edmonde duke of York, which he had married Anne, filler to the fime Edmonde, where with thefe doings neither pleated nor contented ; infomuch that now the devifon once begon, the one linage ceafTed not to perfecute the other, till the heyres males of both the lynes were clearly deftroyed and extinct." L 2 The REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL The king's robe is blue, and his clofe coat purple. The archbifhop on his right hand is in red, bordered with gold, and a white clofe garment ; his mitre is white, ftriped and flowered with gold. The other archbifhop is in deep pink, and white fleeves and gloves. The figure next him is in purple, and the other figure between them red ; both have green caps. The herald is counter-changed, blue and red ; his armour black and white. The figure kneeling is in light green, holding a red book : the part of a figure behind the column (to the right) is in red, and a purple cap ; the firft whole figure purple, and a blue cap ; the next blue, and a purple cap ; and the figure between them is red, and has a green cap. The front figure on the other fide is in pink, and a blue cap ; and the figure behind him is in blue. The throne behind is blue and gold, and the ftep and pavement green, as is all the back ground : the Iky is blue ; the columns are light blue, topp'd with ftone colour. This plate is taken from a curious MS. of FroifTart*s chronicle, an account of which is given under No. XXXII. this plate being alfo from the fame book, and marked 1 8 E. 2. No. XXXIX. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 77 No. XXXIX. KING HENRY THE FOURTH AND HIS COURT. Th e valuable original of this plate is preferved in a large folio book, intituled " 3Regimine ^incipig," which was tranflated from the Latin by Hoccleve, the difciple of Geofry Chaucer, as is fuppofed at the com- mand of king Henry the Fourth. There is alfo bound up in the fame volume, another book, written in a hand of the fame date, and very like each other, intituled " ©tgefiug be re militaji," the conclufion of which MS. is thus fet forth in old En glim : ^e?e enbctlj t£e book teat cle^ess clcbnin, in llatpne, Higcfing be re militaji; toe, of tuitgtfiitgi of bebug of fcnpgtljcs?. toljicSe booh toass tjanflateo ana tujueb from 3latpn into (iDnglitbe, at t£e o?bonnance anb bpbbpngc of tge toor* tftie toorfljepful lo?b &i?e djomasj of 315ejkelep, to g?et i)ifuo?t anb balpaunce of lojbes ano alle too?tI)ie toe??pou?s, t£at ben anaffeb bp toep of age al labour ana attaining, ano to g?ete information ana fejbing of ponge Iojbeg ano lutpgDteg, tljat ben luffp, anb lobes to geje anb fee anb to ufe bebug of a?meji anb cgtbalipe C: — Cfte tujnpnge of tljig book into CDnglitbe, toas tojetton anb enbeb in bigtle of Bl^aletoe^tee pear of our 3Lo?b a tgoufanb fouje Jnmb^eb anb etgfite, tge X pear of Mug ^en^p tfie iFojt&e ; Co gjim anb to u£ alle Cob g?aunt gjacc of our offenbpnge, foate to our amenbpnge, anb fiig face to fcen at ou?e enbpng : £mtn» — CfiiS is* is name tfiat ttuneb tSi0 book from 3latpn into Cnglilbe, Wo^fcSepfuI J i tonn. L — ' //// Which emblematical figure I mufl own I cannot at all explain, but without doubt it is meant to exprefs the name of the tranflator. As the hands of thefe two different MSS. do fo well agree, and this Lift is thus dated, there is not much doubt to be made of the firfr. being written nearly at the fame time ; if fo, it is moft likely that it was not only done while Hoccleve lived, but that it was alfo the prefent book given to the king, which feems to be confirmed by the illumination. The king is here reprefented habited in his royal robes, in prefence of his court, receiving the book prefented to him by Hoccleve, who is kneeling before him : but 78 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ftill here we meet with the fame unhappy difficulty, in not being able to determine who the particular attendant perfons are. This book is in the Bodleian library at Oxford *. The king fits on a throne of gold fhadowed with red ; his robe is blue, lined with ermine ; and the figure kneeling is in a dark lead colour : the perfon next him is in red, and the cape of his cloke is blue and gold ; the cap red, ornamented with a precious ftone : the next figure is in white and blue, a black girdle ftudded with gold, hat and hofe of a dark lead colour. The firft of the three figures to the right is in light pink, blue mantle and a white cape, black cap and fhoes, and white gloves ; the middle figure is in a very dark-coloured garment, girdle ftudded with gold, and blue hat ; the laft figure is in white and pink, gold ftudded giidle, and a reddifh- coloured hood. The back ground is red and gold. * It is marked Digby, 233. No. XL. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 79 No. XL. HENRY THE FIFTH. Th e illumination from which this plate is copied, is in a book written in old French, preferved in the library of Bennet (othervvife Corpus Chris- ti) college, Cambridge. The book itfelf is a tranflation of cardinal Bona- Ventura's Life of Chrift, made by John de Galopes, dean of the collegiate church of St. Louis in Normandy. I here take the liberty of thanking the Reverend Mr. Tyfon, fellow of the above college, to whom I am obliged not only for the pointing out, and procuring me the ufe of, this valuable MS. but alfo for the trouble he took in mewing me whatever he thought might be curious, or ufeful to my undertaking, during my flay at that Univerfity. This ingenious gentleman, among feveral other curious works, etched an outline of this very illumina- tion, and printed a concife account of it, to prefent to his friends ; from which I have borrowed the following;; intelligence : " The picture reprefents John de Galopes, the tranflator, offering his book, covered with crimfon velvet, to that mod: glorious prince, king Henry the fifth, who is feated on his throne, which is blue fringed with gold, and powdered with the gold text letter S. This (Mr. Tyfon con- ceives) may perhaps mean Soverayne, as that word appears frequently on the tomb of his father at Canterbury. On the king's right hand frand two eccleliaftics : he on the fore-ground holds in his hand a black cap, called Mortier by the French, and always worn by their chancellors and presi- dents a mortier." Then Mr. Tyfon tells us, that a learned friend of his fufpecls it may be the famous cardinal Lewis de Luxemburgh, chancellor of France and bifhop of Terounne, afterwards archbifhop of Rouen, and perpetual adminiftrator of the diocefe of Ely. He died at Hatfield, September the 1 8th, 1443. Among feveral proofs offered by this learned gentleman of the genuine- nefs of the portrait, thefe feem to be very flriking ones. Firft, that the difpofition of the figures, the drawing and the colouring of this miniature, all REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL all mew the hand of an able artift. Next it appears that the book, in which this illumination is preferved, was originally prefented to the king himfelf, and was afterwards his property. — " This (continues my author) is another mark of the refemblance being genuine; for it cannot be fuppofed that the author would have prefented the king with fo laboured a miniature of his Majefty, if he had not been able to procure a real likenefs." At the end of the book, in a round hand, of the time of Henry the Eighth, or queen Elizabeth, is written this entry : %%\$ toaffe fumtpme fringe l^enjt t£e jHfetfj fits* ooofce ; to&icl) contatmtD t&e ipfe of C&ift, $u t&e praimeg of t£e natjtajcljeg anti njopfietesi ; t\jt pfalmest of tfte njopijet BDatsiD omitriD* £pam eectlen* notes, t&oug&e fome t&mgeg, toatenge t§e tpmc, map be amen&ttif 2Reoe, iuDge, ano tfjanfc (flJoD foe a better ltg£t. The king's robe is crimfon, lined with white ; his collar is gold, and his girdle is of the fame ; his leg is black, with the garter gold. The two ecclefiaftics are in a lightifh pink. The officer holding the mace is in a fhort green coat ; one leg is red and the other white. John de Galopes is in light purple, and the book is crimfon. The throne is blue, powdered with the gold letter S. The back ground is blue and gold ; and the pave- ment is chequer-work of green, yellow, black and white. No. XLI. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. Ri No. XLI. KING HENRY THE SIXTH AND HIS PARLIAMENT AT BURY. Represents William Curteis, abbot of St. EdmundVBury abbey, prefenting to king Henry the Sixth a book tranflated out of the Latin, by John Lidgate, a monk there, which the king receives feated on his throne, furrounded by his court : this was tranfa£ted at Bury, while the king held his Chriflmas there. It is very likely that the two figures, one on the king's left hand, and the other behind the fword-bearer, who are both of them covered, are the king's two uncles, John Duke of Bedford, regent of France, and Humphry duke of Glocefter, third and fourth ibns of Henry the Fourth. This book * contains the life of St. Edmund, king of the Eait Angles, and is illuftrated with many beautiful pictures, reprefenting the principal accidents of the hiflory. At the beginning is Lidgate's prologue, which runs thus : Wfytxi 31 fi?tt can on t&ig t^anflacion, 3t toag tjie peer bp computation, Wf>t\\ fine ^ej?p, in Sis! elfat roial, Mitf) Big fccntje of ^nglanb anb of j^ance, ^celb at 315u?p t$t feffe pipncipal i2Df (JDljjifremelle, with full g?et Jjabunbance ; £nb after tfiat liff to Ijabe plefanct, 30 Jjig conrail gan for ijtm njobibe Cfieje in t&igf plate till ^effejne for to abioe. And then he goes on, 3tt thi& mater tfjeje i$ no moje to fepn, &auf to t£e fcpng for to bo nlef ante, %\J abbot Milliam, ijig tumble cijapelepn, xux ANTIQJJIT1ES OF ENGLAND. 97 TPii e two following plates arc taken from a MS. preferved in the Harleiati library, which is fairly written on vellum, and moft elegantly bound in crirnfon velvet, edged with crimfon and gold thread, with taflels of the lame at each corner, and lined on the infide with crimfon damalk : on the cover are five boffes of filver, wrought and gilt, the middle one of which contains the arms of Henry the Seventh, and the other four the portcullis, gilt, on a field party per pale, argent and vert, in enamel. It is made faft with two clafps, on each of which is a red rofe of Lancafter, and half an angel proceeding out of a cloud on the top. The book itfelf contains four original indentures, made between the king (Henry VII.) and John Iflip, abbot of Weftminfter, fpecifying the number of mafl'es, collects, &c. which were to be faid for the departed fouls of the king's father, wife, and other relations, &c. and provifion to be made for thirteen poor men by the king, with many other like matters. — See the catalogue of the Harleian MSS. No. 1 498. No. XLIX. KING HENRY THE SEVENTH. Is the king (Henry VII.) giving the book to John Iflip, the abbot of Weftminfter, who kneels before him, bearing his crozier on his left arm (Weftminfter being a mitred abbey). Behind him are divers of his monks, and fome of the almfmen or beadfmen (mentioned above) with their beads in their hands. The perfon and character of this king are drawn as follows, by Grafton : " He was a man of bodie but leane and fpare, albeit mightie and ftrong therewith ; of perfonage and ftature, fomewhat higher then the meane fort of men be, of a wonderfull beautye and fayre complexion ; of countinance mery and fmiling, efpeciallye in his communication ; his eyes gray, his teeth fingle, and heare thinne; of witt in all thinges quicke and prompt ; of a princely ftomacke, and haute courage. In great perilles, doubtful! affayres, and matters of waightie importance, lupernaturell, and in maner devine ; for fuch thinges as he went about, he did them advifedly, and not without great deliberation and breathing, to the intent that, amongft all O . men, 9* REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL men, his wit and prudence might be noted and regarded ; for he was not ignorant that acts and doings were efpecially noted and marked with the eies of many a perfon j and therefore a prince ought as farr to excell and furmount all meane perfonages in vvifedome and pollicie, as he precelleth other in eflate and dignitie : For what man will give credite or regarde to him whom he hath proved to be light, wilde, and lafcivous of condicions ? Befides this, he was fober, moderate, honefr, affable, curteous, bounteous, fo much abhorred pride and arrogancie, that he was ever fharpe and quicke to them which were noted or fpotted with that crime ; and there was no man with him, being never fo much in his favour, or having never fo much aucthorkie, that either durft or could do any thing as his awne phantafy did ferve him, without the confent and agrement of other. — What mall I fay more ? Although his mother were never fo wife (as me was both wittie and wife) yet her will was brydeled, and her doynges reftrayned. And this regiment he faide he kept to the intent that he might be called a king, whofe office is to rule, and not to be ruled of other. " He was alfo an indifferent and fure jufticier, by the which one thing he allured to him the heartes of many people, becaufe they lived quetly and in reft, out of all oprefion and moleftation of the nobilitie and riche perfonnes. And to this feverity of his, was joyned and annexed a certain merciful pittie, whiche he did often (howe to fuch as had offended, and by his lawes were hindred and merced ; for fuch of his fubjectes as were fyned or amerced by his juftices, to their great impoveriming, he at one time or another did helpe relieve, and fet forward : wherby it appeared that he would have the fame penalties for other offences and crimes revived and itirred up agayne, whiche was a playne argument that he did ufe his rigour only (as he faid himfelfe) to bring lowe, and abate the high ftomachs of the wild people, nourimed in feditious and civil rebellions, and not for the greedy defire of richeffe, or hunger of money — although fuch as were afflicted would cry out and fay, that it was done more for the defire of gain than for any prudent pollicie or politick provifion." The king's robe is red, and lined with ermine ; his hofe are a flefli colour : the crown and fcepter are gold. All the figures behind are in black : the almfmen wear golden badges on their left moulders. The elbow of the throne is green ; the canopy and curtains crimfon ; the arras a deep red, and the wall and pavement are of ftone colour : the cieling is blue, powdered with golden ftars : the letter is blue, white, and red, on a «2 old ground. A N T I QU 1 T I E S OF ENGLAND. 99 No. L. CONFIRMATION OF THE DEEDS OF ALMS. Represents a monk (landing before a delk, and reading the abftract of the firft deed (according to the directions therein contained), a judge, with other minifters of the law, affifting on the right hand, and abbot klip with his monks on the left. Befides the donations contained in thefe indentures, king Henry built a fumptuous chapel at Weftminfter. " In the year of our Lord 1503 (fays Stow) took down the chapel of our Lady, above the eaft end of the high altar at Weftminfter, as well as a tavern near adjoining, called the White Rofe, and in the fame place, or plot of ground, on the 24 day of January, the firft ftone of our Ladies chapel' was laid, by the hands of John I flip, abbat of Weftminfter ; Sir Reginald de Bray, knight of the Garter ; Doctor Barons, mafter of the Rolls ; and Dr. Wall, chaplaine to the king ; mafter Hugh Oldham, chaplaine to the countefs of Derby and Richmond, the king's mother ; Sir Edward Stanhope, knight, and divers others : upon which ftone was engraven the day, the year, 6cc. — The charges in building this chapel (as I have been informed) amounted to the fummes of 14,000 pounds. — This chappel Leland calls the miracle of the world ; for any man that fees it may well fay, that 44 all elegancy of worflup and matter is couched in it :" and this building the king directed chiefly " to be a place of fepul- ture for himfelf and all his pofterity ; where in at this time is to be feene his owne tombe, moft gorgeous and great, made all of folid brafs." Thus far mine author. And in another place in his Survey, he remarks that " the alter and fepulchre of the fame king (Henry the Seventh) wherein his body refteth in this his new chappel, was made and finiflied in the yeere 15 19, by one Peter, a painter of Florence, for which he received loco fterling for the ftufF and workmanmip, at the hands of the king's executors, Richard bifhop of Winchefter ; Richard bifhop of London ; Thomas bifhop of Durham ; John bifliop of Rochefter; Thomas duke of O 2 Norfolk, 100 ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. Norfolk, treafurer of England ; Charles earl of Worcefter, the king*s cham- berlaine ; John Fineaux, knight, chief juftice of the King's Bench ; Robert Reade, knight, chief juftice of the Common Pleas." The abbot and his monks are in black; the judge is in red, lined with white; the figure next him is in red, the next in blue, and the next in red; the feat and ftep are green j the delk the book lies on is crimfon ; the wall and pavement are of a ftone colour ; the letter as before, red, white, and blue, on a gilt ground. This plate is copied from the fame MS. as the foregoing. — See page 97* ADDITIONS LI [ xoi ] ADDITIONS TO THE WORK. WE have thus far brought down the feries of kings, &c. from the reign of Edward the Confeflbr, which have been diligently col- lected, as well as the greatest care and attention beftowed to make them as complete as poflible : yet, fince the beginning and continuation of this work, feveral curious matters, which unavoidably had efcaped notice, have occurred, and are here given in chronological order. No. LI*. HENRY THE FIRST. Represents king Henry the Firft bewailing the fatal and unfortunate end of his children, who are reprefented below ftruggling in vain with the tempeft, wherein they periftied. This circumftance is related as folr lows, by Speed : " Prince William, who now wanted but only the name of a king, com- manded another fhippe to be prepared for himfelfe, his brethren and fitters, with many other nobles and gallant courtiers both of England and Nor- mandy, who plying the mariners with pots and wine (therin being inftru- ments of their owne calamity approaching) made them bragge to out-faile the king's fhippe before ; and in the night putting forth from land, with a merry gale, made way over the dancing waves as fwift as an arrow : but (as if the heavens would have king Henries too great felicities allaid, and tempered with fenfe of courtly variety) in the midft of their jollity and finging (alas! they fang their laft, and little thought on death!) for. fuddainely the fhippe darned againft a rocke, not very far from the fhoare, at which fearfull difafter a hideous cry arofe, all of them fhifting (and yet through amazednefs not knowing how to fhift) to fave themielves from the * This plate is copied from Claudius, D. 2. danger 102 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL danger : for God repaying the reward for finne, fuffer'd not tbofe unnatural wantons (for fuch were many of them, faith Paris) to have chriftian buriall, and fo fwallowed them up in the fea, when her waves were mod calme. Prince William gat fpeedily into the cocke-boate, and might well have efcaped, had not hee pittied his filler, the counteffe of Perche, crying unto him for helpe, when turning the boat to her ayde, fo many ftrived to get in (every man in fuch a cafe efteeming his life as much as a prince) that with their weight it prefently funcke, and of fo princely a trains no one efcaped to relate that dolefull tragedie, fave only a bafe fellow (a butcher fome fay) who fwamme all night upon the maine-mafle, and got Ihoare in the morning, with much danger of life. " This was the molt, unfortunate fhipwrack that ever hapned in our feas, bringing an inconceivable heavineffe to the king and whole ftate : for therin perimed prince William duke of Normandy, the joy of his father, and hope of his nation ; Richard, his bafe brother ; his filler Maud, counteffe of Perche ; Richard earle of Chefter, with his wife lady Lucy, the king's niece by his fitter ; Adela Otwell, the earle's brother, the young duke's governor ; divers of the king's chiefe officers, and moft of the princes ; Geffrey Riddle, Robert Manduit, William Bigod, Geffrey arch-deacon of Hereford, Walter de Crucie, and many other of prime note and efteeme, to the number of one hundred and fixty perfons, none of their bodies being found, though great fearch was made for them." The king is habited in deep blue ; his robe is light pink lined with red ; the feat is of a ttone colour ; the back ground on the right fide is red and filver, and on the left blue and gold ; the frame red and blue ; the two children blue, and the two attendants blue and red j the fhip a light brown, and the water green. No. LII. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 103 No. LII*. KING JOHN. Is king John, who is reprefented hunting. This illumination is at the head of a foreft charter. Speed, after repeating the fcandals which the monks unjuftly threw upon king John in their writings, makes note of his actions as follows : " His works of devotion were inferior to none, as his foundations declare at Beauly, Farrington, Malmefbury, and Dublin, and that other for nunnes at Godftow, by Oxford, from which fome have interpreted that prophefie of Merlin as meant of him : Sith virgins-gifts to maids he gave 'Mongft bleffed faints God will him favc " His acts and orders for weale-publike were beyond moffc, he being either firft, or the chiefeft, who appointed thofe noble formes of civill government in London, and moft cities and incorporate townes of England, endowing them alfo with the greateft franchifes ; the firft: who caufed fterling money to be here coyned : the firft who ordained the honourable ceremonies in creation of earles : the firft who fetled the rates and meafures for wine, bread, cloth, and fuch-like neceflaries of commerce : the firft who planted englifli lawes and officers in Ireland, and both annexed that kingdome and faftned Wales to the crowne of England, thereby making amends for his loffes in France ; and thence, amongft all the Englifh monarchs, he was the firft who enlarged the royal ftile with Lorde of Ireland : a matter of greater import for England's peace, than all the French titles ever yet have proved. Whofe whole courfe of life and actions wee cannot ihut with any truer euloge, than that which an ancient author hath conferr'd on him: '* Princeps quidem magnus erat, fed minus fadix ; atque ut Marius, utramque fortunam expertus." — Doubtlefte he was a prince more * This plate is from Claudius, D. 2. great 104- REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL great than happy, and one who, like Marius, had tried both fides of Fortune's wheele." The king is drened in a light red tunic, and a blue robe ; the horfe is grey, and the trappings red ; the flag and the rabbits are of a dun colour ; the dogs proper ; trees and ground green ; the back ground is blue and red, with gold fquares. No. LIII. f * us ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. No. LIII*. EDWARD THE THIRD, AND DAVID KING OF SCOTLAND. Is Edward the Third, and David king of Scotland, who are reprefented hand in hand ; an emblem of the peace confirmed between them. This illumination is at the head of the articles of the peace, which are mod ele- gantly written, and the initial letter of each article embellilhed with the royal arms of England, quartered with thofe of France. This peace was concluded in the year 1357, at the conftant fupplication and intreaties of Joan, wife to David, (who was fifler to Edward) after he had been kept clofe prifoner for the fpace of eleven years in the caftle of Odiam. Holling- lhead relates the matter fully as follows : " David king of Scotland, fhortly after the truce was concluded betwixte Englande and Fraunce, was fette at libertye, paying for his ranfom the fumme of one hundrethe thoufand markes, as Jourdon fayeth ; but whether hee meaneth Scottifhe or fterling money, I cannot faye : he alfo was bouude by covenant, nowe upon his deliverance, to caufe the caftelles in Nidefdale to be rafed, which were knowen to be evill neighbours to the Englifhe borderers, as Dunfrife, Dalfwinton, Morton, Dunfdere, and other nine. His wife, queene Joan, made fuche earnefte fute to hir brother, king Edwarde, for hir hufbandes diliverance, that king Edwarde was contented to releafe him upon the payment of fo fmall a portion of money, and performaunce of the covenauntes for the rafing of thofe caftells ; although Froiflart fayth that hee was covenaunted to pay for his deliveraunce, within the terme of ten years, five hundrethe thoufande nobles, and for furety of that payment to fende into Englande fufficient hoftages, as the earles of Douglafs, Murrey, Mar, Sutherlande, and FifFe, the baron of Vefcye, and Sir William Camoife. Alfo he covenaunted never to wear armour agaynft king Edwarde, within his realme of Englande, nor confent that his fubjects ihould doe ; and further fhoulde, upon his returne home, doe the befte he coulde to caufe the Scottes to agree that their countrie mould holde of him * From Nero, D. VI. as is alfo the following plate. P ill io6 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL in fee, and that he and his fucceflbures, kings of Scotland, fhould doe homage to the king of Englande, and his fucceflbrs, for the realme of Scotland." Edward is drefled in light pink lined with ermine, and blue fleeves. The king of Scotland is in red, and his collar is gold. The back ground is blue and gold ; and the letter blue., on a gilt ground. The arms are proper. No. LIV. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 107 No. LIV. JOHN, KING OF FRANCE. Is a portrait of John, king of France, who was brought prifoner into England by Edward the Black Prince. ct Now approached the time (fays Grafton) that the prince of Wales had made provifion of mips, and furniture to the fame, for the conveyaunce and bringing of the French king, and his other prifoners, into England. And when he had all things in readineffe, he called unto him the lord Dalbert, the lorde Mufident, the lord Lafpare, the lorde of Punyers, and the lorde of Rofen, and gave them commaundemaunt to keepe the countrie there untill his returne againe. " Then he tooke the fea, and certaine lordes of Gafcoyne with him. The Frenche kinge was in a veflell by himfelfe, to be the more at his eafe, and was accompanied with two hundreth men of amies, and two thoufand archers. For it was fhewed the prince that the three eftates, by whome the realme of Fraunce was governed, had layd in Normandye and Crotoye two great armyes, to the entent to meete with him, and to get the Frenche king out of his handes, if they might. But their appered no fuch matter ; and yet they were on the fea xi dayes, and on the xn daye they arrived at Sandwich. Then they ifliied out of their fhip, and landed, and lay there all that night, and taryed there two dayes after to refrefhe them ; and on the third day they roade to Cauntorburie. " When the king of England knew of their coming, he commaunded the citizens of London to prepare themfelves and their citie, and to make the fame feemely and meete to receyve fuche a man as the French king was ; whiche the citezens of London did accordingly. " And from Cauntorbury they came to Rochefter, and there taryed a daye, and from thence the next daye to London, where they were honourably receyved ; and fo they were in every good towne they pafled. *' The French king roade through London on a white courfer well appa- relled, and the prince on a little black hobby by him. This was (lays Hollingthead) the foure and twentieth day of May ; and they were with greate honour joyfully received of the c.tizecs into the citie of London, P 2 and io8 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL and fo conveyed to the pallace of Weftminfter, where the king fitting in Weftminfter Hall receyved the Frenche king, and after conveyed hym to a lodging for him appoynted, where he laye a feafon ; but after hee was removed to the Savoy, whiche was at that time a goodly houfe, apperteyning to the duke of Lancafter, though afterwards it was brent and deftroyed by Wat Tyler, and Jacke Strawe, and their companie.*' The king is in blue lined with ermine, pink fleeves and hofe, and a gold collar. The back ground is gold, and the ornamented frame is blue. This is from the fame MS. as the former. No. LV. LV ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. No. LV*. GEOFRY DE LUCY, AND MARY DE ST. PAUL. The figure at the top is Geofry de Lucy, fuppofed to be the foil of that Geofry de Lucy mentioned in the reign of Edward the Firft, and one of the knights that attended Edward the Third into France. The figure of a lady, at the bottom of the plate, is Mary de St. Paul, (countefs of Pembroke) who was the daughter of Guy de Chaftilian, earl of St. Paul. She was married to Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, who was murdered in France in 1323 ; after which (according to Stow) (he was re-married to Laundas, who was taken with the prifoners in the attempt to furprize the caftle of Calais, in the time of Edward the Third. — This curious adventure is thus briefly related by Baker : " In the year 1349, the 23 of Edward the Third, Geoffry de Charmy, captain of St. Omer, agreed with Aymry of Pavia, whom king Edward had left governour of Callice, to render it up for twenty thoufand crownes ; whiche king Edward hearing of, fent to Aymery, and charged him with this perfidioufnefs ; whereupon Aymery comes to the king, and humbly defiring pardon, promifeth to handle the matter fo as mall be to- the king's advan- tage, and therupon is fente back to Callice. The king, the night before the time of agreement, arrives with three hundred men at armes, and fix hundred archers. Monfieur de Charmy lets out likewife the fame night from St. Omer's with his forces, and fent a hundred men before with the crownes to Aymery, The men are let in at a poftern gate, the crowns received, and affured to be all weight : which done the gates of the town are opened, and out marches the king before day to encounter Monfieur de Charmy, who perceiving himfelfe betrayed, defended himielfe the beft he could, and put king Edward to hard bickering, who for that he would not be known there in per-fbn, put himfelf and the prince under the colours of the lord Walter Manny, and was twice beaten down on his knees by Monfieur de Riboumont, a hardy knight, (with whom he fought hand to hand) and yet recovered, and in the end took Riboumont priibner. Charmy * This plate, with No. 57, 59, and 60, are all from Nero, D. vii. 2 was REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL was likewife taken, and all his forces defeated. King Edward the night after (which was the firft of the new year) feafted with prifoners, and gave Riboumont, in honour of his valour, a rich chaplet of pearl which himfelf wore on his head (for a new-year's gift) forgave him his ranfome, and fet him at liberty. — Amongfl: the prifoners who were taken on this occafion, were Geffrey Charney, and his fon, Edward de Renty, Robert Danquil, Otto de Gulo, the baron Mactingham, Baldina Saylly, Henry de Piees, Garinus Baylofe, Peter Renell, Peter Dargemole, Eftace de Riplemount, and many other, lords, knights, and baronets, who were chafed and ranne away with their auncients, as the lord de Mounmarice, alfo Laundas, who maryed the ladie Saint Paul, countefs of Pembroke, in England ; alfo the lord Fenas, the L. Planckes, and another Euftace de Riplemount. There were flaine in the fkirmilh, the lord Henry de Boys, the lord Archibald, and many others, whofe names the conquerors were not able to certify." This Mary de St. Paul was a devout .and religious lady, poflefTed of a confiderable dowry, which (he beftowed in pious and charitable ufes. She here holds an image of gold of the Virgin Mary, which (he gave to the Abbey of St. Alban's. She alfo founded Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, in the year 1343, and died 137 7 . The top figure is in blue, with a pink hood and black cap ; back ground is blue and gold, and the frame is blue. The lady's habit is cloth of gold, £o is her head drefs j and the image is gold : the altar is marble, and the •back ground a deep red.; the whole enclofed in a blue frame. No. LVI. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 0U No. LVI. JOHN GOWER, R epresents the portrait of John Gower, a famous Englifli poet, who was cotemporary with Chaucer, and greatly affifting with him in refining the Englifh language. He was author of the Confeffio Amantis, in Eng- lifli ; the Speculum Meditantis, in French ; and the Vox Clamantis, in Latin ; from a MS*, of which laft work the prefent portrait is taken ; it is preferved in the Cotton Library. He is here reprefented mooting at the world, with thefe lines over the picture : Zh muttUum mitto mea iacttla tmmque fagttto ; 0t ulit juffu0 cjit nulla fagttta fcjit, &tlj male mUemcs Sogs twlntia tianfggetrietue?,. Confciu0 e?go fiui fe tyeculetut; ibU In Englifh fomething like this : My darts and arrows to the world I fend; Amongft the juft my arrows ihall not fall. But evil doers through and through I wound, Who confcious of their faults may learn to mend. " The famous poet, John Gower (fays Stow) was a man not much- unlike the other (Chaucer) in excellency of wit, learning, or pofleffions. He builded a great part of S. Mary Queries church in Southwark, then new re-edified - t on the north fide of the which church he prepared for his bones a refting place, where fomewhat after the old fafhion he lyeth right fumptuoufly buried in a tombe of Hone, with his image alfo of ftone lying over him, the haire of his heade awburne long to his moulders, and curling up, a fmall forked beard, and on his head a garland or chaplet of rofes red, 4 in number, an habit of purple damalked downe to his feet, a coller of effes of gold about hys necke, under his head the likenefs of the 3 bookes which he compiled. His tombe arched was beautified with his armes, and * This is in the Cotton Library, marked Tib, A. iv. and the whole is of one colour, namely, dark brown* the ill REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL the likenefs of angels with pofies in Latine. Befide, in the wall were paint- ed three virgins crowned, one of the which was written Charity, and held this device, " En toy qui filz de Dieu le pere fauue foit, qui gift fubs cefte perre." The fecond Mercie, with this device, " O bon Jefu ! fait ta mercie alme dont le corps gift jcy." The third Pittie, with this device, " Pour ta pite Jefu regard, et mete cefte alme in fauue garde." All which is now warned out, and the image defaced by cutting off the nofe and ftriking tfffhis hands. — He died An. Dom. 1402, about 80 years of age." No. LVIL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. nj No. LVII*. THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE OF GLOCESTER. <« rr\ Ihomas, the feventh and youngeft fonne of king Edward the Third, and queen Philippa, firnamed of Woodftock, where he was borne, was (fays Speed) flrft earl of Buckingham, created by his nephew king Richard the Second on his coronation day, an. 1377; by whom after alfo he was made duke of Gloucefter, 1385. The earldoms alfo of Eflex and Northamp- ton, and the conftablefhip of England, fell to him by right of his wife Elea- nor, the onley daughter and heir of Humfrey de Bohun, earle of Hereford and Eflex. He was a man of valour, wifedome and vigilancy, for the be- hoofe of the king, his nephew, and the ftate ; but thofe noble vertues (diftem- pered with too much wilfulnefle and forward obftinacy) bred him firft envie, and after mine. For the king furmifing him to be a too fevere obferver of his doings, confulted with Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, how to make him away; whom Mowbray unawares furprifing, convaied fecretly to Callis, where he was ftrangled, 1397, the twentieth of his nephew's raigne. Himfelf, in his life, had provided a goodly tombe at Playfie (now Plumy) in Eflex (his own towne, and the ufuall feat of the great conflables of England) where he founded a colledge ; whither his bodie was brought, and layd with all funerall pompe : but afterwarde it was tranflated to Weftmin- fter, where alfo lyeth Eleanor his wife, who dyed 1399. Their ifllie Was Hum- frey earle of Buckingham, who dyed at Chefler of the peftilence, an. 1400: Anne, married firft to Edmund earle of Stafford, by whom fhce had Humfrey duke of Buckingham ; fecondly, to William Bourchier, earle of Eue, by whom fhe had Henry earle of Eflex : Joane, married to Gilbert * This plate is copied from the fame MS as No. LV. viz. Nero, D. vn. L. Talbot, REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL L. Talbot, and had iffue by him a daughter, who dyed young : Philip and Ifabell, both dying iffuelefs." The figure is in deep crimfon, lined with white, the coronet round his head is gold; the fwan is filver; the back ground blue and gold, and the frame red. No. LVIII. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND, No. LVIII*. DUEL BEFORE THE KING. Anciently, when any matter of importance was brought before the juftices, which could not be proved by witnefs, combat was granted ; and in this cafe, if the accufed was vanquifhed, he was convicted of the crime he was accufed of; and if the accufer, he was punifhed as a perjured man and a falfe witnefs. The culprit was then executed (if he was not flain in the combat) without any further examination. — This was the cafe between two efquires in the reign of Richard the Second. The one of Navarre ac- cufed an Englifh efquire, called John Welch, of treafon ; for trial thereof a day was appointed for a combat, which was to be performed in the king's palace at Weftminfter. Accordingly being met, there was a valiant fight betwixt them ; but at laft the Englifhman was the conqueror, and the van- quifhed Fienchman was defpoiled of his armour, drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged for his untruth. The order of the combat, with the procefs, was as follows : — The accufed ftrongly denying the fact alledged againft him, threw down his gauntlet, or any other gage, calling the accufer a lyar, and thereby challenging him to combat ; then the other took up the gage of the accufed, and threw down his own, declaring his willingnefs to prove by battle the truth of his affer- tions : the gages were then fealed, and delivered to the marflial, and leave to combat demanded of the king; which if he granted, a day and place was then appointed, by which time a fcaffold was erected for the king and his attendants (the earl marfhal, and high conftable of England) who were to fee that no undue advantage might be taken by either party ; and the lifts were railed round. — This method of trial was not often put in execution. The above illumination was made about the reign of Richard the Second, whofe portrait the figure of the king much refembles. In this king's reign, Henry earl of Derby challenged Thomas Moubrav, duke of Norfolk, to fingle combat. * This is from Nero, D. 17. Q^2 The ti6 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL The armour of the two fighting figures is filver ; the plates at their elbows, and their girdles, are gilt. The firfl figure to the right is the fame. The king is in light pink, with a blue robe lined with ermine. The figure next the king is in filver armour, the body of which is purple. The back ground is red, flowered ; the ground of the lifts is green, and the rails are red. The letter is blue and red, on a purple ground, with a gilt edge. No. LIX. ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 127 No. LIX*. ROBERT CHAMBERLEYN. Th e Angular figure here reprefented, is, in the original, faid to be the portrait of a knight named Robert Chamberleyn, who is fuppofed to have been in France with Henry the Fifth, at the battle of Agincourt. This curious painting, which is placed amongfr. the benefactors to the Abbey of St. Alban's (in the great book mentioned before) has a date put by the fide of it, which follows the name of the knight, viz. 141 7 ; the time moft likely that the donation was made from him to the abbey, and probably left them by his laft will ; which is the reafon why he is reprefented upon his knees, in a praying pofture, offering up a fcrole, which is received by a hand above, fignifying that his prayer was heard by Almighty God. On the fcrole is written, in the character of that time, " Miferere mei Deus !" " Have mercy upon me, O God !'*" The chief reafon for engraving this picture (as no account can be given of the family or hiftory of the perfon reprefented, unlefs his arms underneath may lead to any difcovery) was for the reprefentation of the armour worn by the knights at that time, which is here fo exactly delineated, and fo much more perfedt than in general it can be found. — A modern may furvey, with wonder, the great weight of iron under which thofe hardy warriors fought, and to whofe prowefs England owes fo much, and who fo far advanced her glory in the fmgular victories obtained againft our rival foes. The body of this knight's armour is filver, done over with a light vernim, and flowered ; the armour on his arms, legs and thighs, as well as his 7 * This is from the fame MS. as No. LVII, gauntlet u8 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL gauntlet and helmet, are filvered over, without any vernifh, only (lightly (haded ; the ground he kneels upon is green, and the back ground is blue, diamonded with ftronger and lighter colours ; the border is gilt. The field of the arms below, is argent ; the legs, &c. fable. No. LX. LX ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 119 No. LX. THOMAS RAMRYGE, ABBOT OF ST. ALBAN'S. Th i s is a very curious plate, and reprefents Thomas Ramryge, who was abbot of St. Alban's at the time in which the curious catalogue of the benefactors to that abbey was compleated (about the year 1484). — This book, called the Golden Regifter, we have had frequent occafion to mention, and feveral valuable portraits are engraved from it, as has been feen in the courie of the work. Ramryge is reprefented upon his knees, praying to the Holy Trinity, pictured as a fort of altar piece, and on the altar before is refted his mitre (St. Alban's being a mitred abbey). — By the fide of the abbot is a fcrole, on which is written, te Sancta Trinitas, unus Deus, miferis animis T. Ramryge." " Holy Trinity, one God, have mercy upon the foul of T. Ramryge." Which is entirely agreeable to the zeal of the times. — Part of his epitaph is preferved by Weever, which runs thus : " Hie jacet Thomas, Abbas huius Monafterii." " This is the laft abbot (adds that author) for whom I find any infeription or epitaph, and the laft in my catalogue ; whofe furname was Ramrige." u Vir fuis temporibus tarn dilectus Deo quam hominibus, propter que caufas varias nomen in perpetua benedictione apud pofteros habens." — (He was an excellent man in his time, beloved as well by God as men ; for which reafon his name was had in perpetual bleffings amongft pofterity.) — Saith this fame Golden Regifter, in a fubfequent entry. The abbot is in black ; the altar is blue, and the pavement dark and light green ; the mitre white, bordered with gold. The figure of God is in red, and a blue robe : the glory is gold, on a yellow ground ; the crofs is green, and the figure of Chrift flefti colour. The back ground is red and gold : the letter is blue, white and red. f I N I S, AN INDEX FOR FINDING THE MANUSCRIPTS, &c. MENTIONED IN THIS BOOK. Cotton Library, Britim Mufeum. PLATE. I. - - - - Vefpafianus, A. viii II. III. IV. V. VI. "I VII. X. XL XII. > Vitellius, A.xii I XIII. - - - VIII. LI. LII. - Claudius, D. n. IX. - - - - Julius, A. xi. XIV.XV.XVI.-) v -p. LIII.LIV. - }*ero,D.vi. XXXIV. XXXV. t XXXVI. XLIV. LV. LVII. LIX. LX. - - - , XLVIH. - - Julius, E. iv. LVI. - Tiberius, A. iv, LVIII. - - - Nero, D. xvn. • Nero, D. vii. No. i 3 T 9- Harleian Library, Britifh Mufeum. PLATE. XX. XXI. XXII.*) XXIII. XXIV. / XXV. XXVI. XXVII.XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXIII. XXXVII. - - No. 4866. XLI. - - - No. 2278. XLV. - - - No. 4826. XLIX. L. - - No. 1498. Royal Library, Britim Mufeum. PLATE. XIX. - - - - 20. B. 6. XXXII. XXXVIII. 18. E. 2. XLIII. - - - 15. E. 6. XLVI. - - - i 5 .E. 4 . Weftminfter Abbey. PLATE. XVII. XVIII. Bodleian Library, Oxford. PLATE. XXXIX. XLII. - Drgby. 233. Bennet College Library, Cambridge. PLATE. XL. Archbimop's Library, Lambeth. PLATE. XL VII. - - No. 265. This Index, and the following, were drawn up by John' Fenn, Efq; F. A. S. of Eaft Derham, in Norfolk, who was fo kind as to permit the author to print them from his MS. He therefore takes this opportunity to return his fincere acknowledgments to that gentleman, not only for thefe, but feveral other fpecial favours received from him. A CATALOGUE OF THE PLATES IN THE REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. Plate No. I II III IV V. LI XXXIV. VI. VII, VIII. IX. X LII. XI XII. XIII, XIV. LIII. I IV. XV. xxxv. LV. Kings, Princes, Noblemen, Bishops, Knights, Authors, &c. K ing Edgar adoring our Saviour Edward the confcffor - - Egitha his queen, daughter of Goodwin earl of Kent - at a banquet I Of 1 020. Harold II. fhot into the eye") - - - - >bat.of Hafting: William the Conqueror J - 1066 - William Rufus, in his robes of ftate - 1 120. Maud, queen of Henry I. 1101. - - - Stephen, in the drefs of the time - - - Henry II. in his coronation robes - Henry II. difputing with Thomas of Becket, abp of Canterbury, 1 1 62 Thomas of Becket murdered at the altar - RichardI.imprifoned,i 192 — wounded, 1 199 King John on horfeback, hunting a flag - King John in robes of ftate, receiving a cup Henry III. crowned by - - - - - Peter de la Roche, bp of Winchefter, 1 204 Henry Blont, abbot of Glocefter, 1 205 Edward I. on his throne, receiving the pope's bull from - - - - Abp of Canterbury, and others. Edward II giving his marfharscommiffion to Thomasof Brotherton, earl of Norfolk,*) 1315 s Edward III. confirming the peace with David II. king of Scotland, 1357 - - John the Good, kingof France, prifoner, 1 357 Edwardlll.givingtheconquered provinces ") of France to - - - - - 3 Edward the Black Prince, 1362 - - Joan of Kent, wife of Edw. the Black Prince Geofrey de Lucy, and Mary de Sr. Paul, countefs of Pembroke } R when born began » u reign died, or murdered. 959 97? 1002 104 1 1066 ; 074 I O C 2 1066 I 066 1066 1056 1088 I IOO 10 70 / I 100 n 35 I IO4 1 135 "54 «»33 "54 1x89 1171 1171 "57 r 189 I 199 1 1 60 1 199 I 2 i 6 r 2 1 6 1206 1216 r 1 *7 7 1238 1224 1239 1 272 1307 1204 '3°; '327 I 2 CO 133^ 1321 '329 1370 '3*9 '35° '3 6 4 1312 '32? ■377 l 33° 1376 1386 r 377 Mj. when written, or Illuminations drawn. 966 Edw. I. 1272—1307 1377 — '46i 1272— 1307 1 1 72 1272— 1307 Edw. I. 1272— 1307 Century. I 377— J 46i CATALOGUE OF THE PLATES. Plate No. XVI. XXXVI. LVII XXXVII LVI XVII, XVIII. XIX. LVIIL XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV Kings, Princes, Noblemen, Bishops, Knights, Authors, &c. when born. } } XXV XXVI. John of Gaunt,duke of Lancafter, as high fteward, and - - - - - Thomas of Wood ftock, high conftable, 1377 Conftance, wife of John of Gaunt, and ") daughter of the king of Caftile - j Margaret, duchefs of Norfolk, daughter^ of Thomas of Brotherton - - J Thomas of Woodftock, duke of Glocefter Geofrey Chaucer ------- John Gower, a poet, (hooting at the world Richard II. crowned by - - - - - Simon Sudbury, abp of Canterbury,! 375, and Nicholas de Lytlington, abbot of Weft- minfter, 1361 - - - - - Henry earl of Derby (afterwards Hen.4.) with the fvvord - - - - Ann of Bohemia, queen of Richard II. crowned by W. Courtney, abp. of Canterbury, 1 38 1 Richard II. on his throne, attended by of- ficers of his court, and receiving a book from a Celeftine monk ■ - - - Richard II. prefent at a combat, attended by earl marfhaland high conftable of England Francis de laMarque, a French gentleman, & Janico D'Artois, a Gafcoigne knt. 1399. Richard II. in Ireland, knights (1399) Henry, fon of the duke of Lancafter") (afterwards Henry V.) J Tho. Spencer, earl of Glocefter, confers witl Mac Murrough, the Irifh rebel. Tho. Arundel, abp. of Canterbury, reading the pope's bull - - - - - Richard II. at Conway caftle, confulting with John Montacute, earl of Salifbury Thomas Merks, bifhop-of Carlifle, 139 John Holland, duke of Exeter (earl or Huntingdon) and - - - Thomas Holland, duke of Surrey - Dukes or Exeter & Surrey riding to Chefter The dukes of Exeter & Surrey introduced to Henry of Bolingbroke, duke of Lancafter began to reign. } } I340 •355 1354 '355 .328 *3 2 3 1366 1366 1388 1367 1377 .382 2. s * ft o U. -1 l 3)9 1397 1394 '399 •397 1 4 _ o 1402 1400 i 3 8i 1386 1394 1396 1401 1413 140 1401 1401 1401 Date of MSS. 14th Century j Richard II. I *377- f Edward IV. 1461. 1 5th Century v> Richard II. '377— 1387 f *377— l 399 1377— l 399 > Hen. IV. 1401— 1413 \ CATALOGUE OF THE PLATES. Plate No. Kings, Princes, Noblemen, Bishops, Knight?, Authors, &c. XXVIL XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII XXXIII. XXXVIII XXXIX. XL. XLI. XLIL when born. Henry Percy, lft earl of Northumberland perfuading Richard II. to go with him to the duke of Lancafter. The earl of Salifbury, &cc are with the king. The earl of Northumberland confirms by oath to Richard II. &c. the truth of his engagement. Richard II. &c. riding towards Chefter, meets the earl of Northumberland with a party of foldiers. Richard II. at Flint caftle, attended by the earl of Salifbury and bifhop of Carlifle; refpectfully faluted by Henry duke of Lancafter 20th Auguft, 1399. Richard II. led into London by Henry duke of Lancafter; they are met by the citizens of London 1 ft September, 1399. Richard II. in his royal robes, refigning his crown to Henry duke of Lancafter, 29th September, 1 399. Richard II. 's refignation declared in parlia- ment, and Henry duke of Lancafter recognized for king ; The bifhops fit on the right, and the noblemen on the left hand of the throne ; Henry earl of Northumberland, and Ralph Nevill, earl of Weftmorland - are {landing. Henry IV. crowned at Weftminfter, by - Thomas Arundel, abp. of Canterbury - Richard Scrope, abp. of York, 1397 - Will.de Colchefter, abbot of Weftminfter Henry IV. in his royal robes, receiving from Hoccleveabook, 1408. Nobles attending. Henry V. on his throne, receiving from - John de Galopes a book; on the right L. de Luxemburgh, chancellor of France Henry VI. furrounded by his court at Bury, & John duke of Bedford, regent of France, & Humphrey dukeof Glocefter, (14 2 8-1 441) receiving from Will. Curteis, abbot of Bury, a book - Hen. VI on histhrone, receivingabook from John Lidgate, a monk of Bury - - 1367 begai to reign. l 399 1388 1421 1380 H'3 1422 3 ft. 140; 1407 »425 I4O5 I42 I 1422 144 147 '435 •447 1440 1440 Date of MSS. Hen. IV. ^1401 — 1413 Hen. VI. 1460. Hen. IV. 1401— 1413 Hen. VI. 1460. 1408. Hen. V. 1413— 1422 1 I Hen. VI. N428 — 1440 1 1422 — 1440 J CATALOGUE OF THE PLATES. Plate No. XLIII. Kings, Princes, Noblemen, Bishops, Knights, Authors, occ. XLIV. XLV, LIX. XLVI, } when born. XLVH. Henry VI. attended by lords and ladies, and Margaret of Anjou, his queen receiving an account of the garter from John Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury ( 1442) Humphrey duke of Glocefter (landing by. Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick - Margaret, his countefs, daughter of Will. lord Ferrers of Groby Humphrey duke of Glocefter, 4th fon of Henry IV. - - - - - Eleanor, his duchefs, daughter of Regi- nald lord Cobham. Thomas Montacute, earl of Salifbury receiving from John Lidgate, monk of Bury - - « a book called The Pilgrim. Sir Robert Chamberlyn, knt. 141 7 - - Edward IV. on his throne of (late - - receiving from the author the Chroni- cle of England ; "Richard duke of Glocefter - - - and other nobles {landing. , Edward IV. on his throne, and Elizabeth his queen, daughter of Sir Rd. Woodville, earl Rivers, and widow of Sir R. Grey. Prince Edward (afterwards Edward V.) {landing. Richard duke of Glocefter - _ - and other nobles {landing. Anth. Woodville, earl Rivers, on hisknee, prefenting his book, and W.Caxton, his printer, to the king, 1477 XLVIII. J Prince Edward, only fon, of king Henry VI. Ann, his prin.cefs, (afterwards queen of") Richard III.) daughter of Richard > earl of Warwick - - - - - j Richard III. Edward princeof Wales, fon of Richard } the Third and Ann - - - - J Henry VII. giving a book to JohnIflip,abbotofWeflminfter, 1498 - John Iflip, abbot of Weftminfter, hearing a deed read, attended by a judge, lawyers, and monks. Tho. Ramryge, abbot of Sr. Alban's (1484) praying to the Holy Trinity. 1346 began to reign '445 3 c - 8 n> • 3 2 "443 1453 XLIX. L. LX. 1470 1453 141 1 1453 *453 1473 H55 146 1482 *453 1 40 1 i44" 1428 !440 1483 1485 Date of MSS. \ Hen. VI. f 1445— 1 453 I J 1 ^1377—1461 '483 1483 1485 ) 1417. '483 1485 H83 1491 i47' I Edw. IV. ^1461 — 1483 1477- ,48 * (1461-1509 1485 1484 1509 1516 15 16 1 526 I Hen. VII. > 1498—1 509 { Hen. VII. (148^ — 1509 SUPPLEMENT * A SUPPLEMENT TO THE REGAL and ECCLESIASTICAL Antiquities, Manners, Cnfloms, Arms, Habits, Sec. OF THE ENGLISH, By JOSEPH STRUT T. LONDON: Printed for the Author, and fold by MefTrs. White, and Son, Fleet- Street; Mr. Faulder, New-Bond-Street; and Mr. Thane, Rupert-Street, near the Haymarket. MDCCXC II. PREFACE. IN E E D not, I prefumc, infift upon the ufefulnefs of this Publication j becaufc it is evident, that from fources fo authentic as the delineations found in old manufcripts are allowed to be, we may derive much light, not only to illuftrate in many inftances the obfeurity of Ancient Hiftory, but alfo to explain in a more full, and certain, manner, the obfolete cuftoms of our anceftors. They aflift vis to look back upon the times of old, and we fee our progenitors, as it were, in perfon before us j and though it muft be granted, that thefe drawings are frequently very rude and uncouth in their appearance, it cannot be denied but that with all their defects they con- vey a much clearer and j after idea, of the habits and manners of the people they reprefent, than can be formed from the moft finifhed, and elegant de- fcription. The favourable reception which my two former publications of this kind met with, has. encouraged me to proceed with this, which may properly be confidered as a fupplement to them both. In the fecond volume of the Manners and Cuftoms of the Knglilh, there is a chafm, from the middle of the thirteenth century, to the end of the fourteenth ; which all my diligence at that time, from the want of proper and authentic materials, was ineffectual to fupply. Not long fince I difcovered the manufcript from which the pre,- fent engravings are taken, and they are in every refpect fuited to remedy the deficiency I then laboured under. With this view I have laid them before the public, to whofe candor and protection, I freely commit the work. The original defigns, from which the engravings, which conftitute this publication, are taken, were apparently oudined with a pen, and the fha- dows wafhed in with a colour fomewhat refembling bifter; they are very neatly executed, and though not coeval with the facts they reprefent, yet they are undoubtedly faithful pictures of the cuftoms of the age in which they were drawn. PREFACE. I thought it unneceffary to burthen this work with the hiftory at length of the feveral delineations contained in it, and have therefore confined myfelf to fo much of it only, as feemed abfolutely requifite to explain them, with- out obliging the reader at all times, to have recourfe to the Englifh Hiftory, where at pleafure he may meet with fuller information. The manufcript containing thefe drawings is preferved in the Royal Li- brary at the Britifh Mufeum. By the writing and drefs of the figures repre- fented therein, it is evident that it was written and illuminated at the com- mencement of the fourteenth century. In the beginning of the book is- a great variety of walhed drawings, the fubjects of which are taken from the Old Teftament ; thefe are followed by the portraitures of feve- ral Saints beautifully painted and decorated with gold ; then fucceeds a calendar, the pfalter, with penitential hymns, and the litany, divided into feven parts ; the whole enriched with finilhed paintings, and ornamental letters of gold, equal, if not fuperior, in point of workmanfhip, to any thing I ever faw in any MS of that a;ra. The drawings from which the twelve following plates are engraved, occur in the pfalter, at the bottom of the leaves ; a drawing of this kind belonging to every page. I have felected all that relate to the Englifli Hiftory ; but a great variety of other fubjecls are therein depicted ; fuch as the miracles attributed to the BlefTed Virgin ; the martyrdom of feveral Saints mentioned in the golden legend ; grotefque figures, and the like. This fuberb manufcript formerly belonged to Queen Mary, and was pre- fented to her in the year 1553, by Baldwin Smith, a citizen of London, as appears by an entry made in the lad page. The prefs mark is 2 B. V1L I SUPPLEMENT TO THE Antiquities, Manners, Cuftoms, &c. of the ENGLISH. PLATE I. Number I. TN the firft compartment of this plate is reprefented St. Urfula, A with her virgin companions, on fhip board. Number II. In the fecond compartment, is delineated their martyrdom. The outlines of this fable, as it ftands recorded in the golden legend, are as follow : A certain Britifh king, whofe name was Natus, or Mautus, had a daughter called Urfula ; {he was a young lady of extraordinary beauty, and as virtuous as fhe was fair. The king who at that time reigned in En- gland, having heard of her perfections, demanded her in marriage of her father. Natus received the embafTy with great marks of forrow, becaufe the Englifh monarch was a Pagan : however, at length he confented to the union upon thefe conditions : Namely, That the king of England mould re- nounce paganifm and be baptized ; that he fhould fend eleven thoufand vir- gins, fave one, to accompany Urfula to the Englifh court ; and that fhe fhould be allowed the fpace of one year to prepare herfelf for the nuptials, during which time the Pagan prince might have leifure to be fully inftrudted in the principles of Chriftianity. It appears that thefe conditions were com- B plied 2 ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C. OF THE ENGLISH. plied with, and the virgins accordingly were fent to the court of Natus. Urfula perfuaded all thefe ladies to embrace the Chriftian faith, and when they went on fhip board together, they wandered about the fea coafts to Rome, and feveral other places ; but touching on their return at a port which belonged to a heathenifh and barbarous people, they all fuffered martyrdom, rather than renounce their belief in Chrift. This prepofterous fable Mr. Cafley, in his preface to the Catalogue of the Royal MSS. imagines to have originated entirely from a miftake in tran- fcribing the Calender. " Upon feeing," (fays he) " in the twelfth of the " calends of November Undecimille Virgo et Martyr, fome blunderer read " Undccim mille ; and of courfe the words following muft be changed into ** Virgin.es et Mar tyres, and fo has raifed the ftory of eleven thoufand Virgins " and Martyrs. Undecimilla a dimunitive of UnJecima was a woman's name, " becaufe I fuppofe fhe was the eleventh child of her parents." Number III. In the third compartment is reprefented the martyrdom of St. Alban. The illuminator has, but I believe without any good authority, placed the regal crown upon the head of this Saint ; the general opinion is, that he was a Roman by birth, and a perfon of fome diftinclion. According to an old MS. which I have in my own poiTeflion, he was beheaded the icth of July A. D. 286, and with this account Bede alfo agrees, who informs us, that the martyrdom of St. Alban happened during the perfecution of the Chriftians under Dioclefian. In the firft Volume of The Manners and Cv.jloms of the EngliJ/j, the reader will find among the delineations copied from a MS. of Mat-hew Paris, the miraculous manner in which the bones of this Saint were found by OfTa, king of Mercia, who ere&ed a ftately abbey at Verulum, now called St. Alban's, in honor of him. ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, ScC. OF THE ENGLISH. 3 PLATE II. Number I. npHE firft compartment of this plate reprefents the Con- **■ demnation of Edmund king of the 1 aft Angles. The perfonage feated upon the throne, with a crown jpon his head, is Hinguar the fon of Lodbroc the Dane. Lodbroc, according to fome authors, came accidentally into Norfolk, and was entertained by t dmund. His expertnefs in hawking excited the jealoufy of Bern, falconer to the king, and he flew him. The murder being difcovered, Bern was banifhed from England, and going into Denmark, met with Hinguar the fon of Lodbroc, to whom he mentioned the death of his father, but declared that he was flain by the ex- prefs command of Edmund. Hinguar came with a large company of Danes into England, in order to revenge the murder of his father ; and having fe- cured the perfon of King Edmund, condemned him to be fhot to death with arrows. Other authors, who admit not of the truth of this flory, which in- deed in its various circumftances favors too much of romance, attribute the death of this king, to his pious, and unfhaken adherence to the Chriftian re- ligion ; and this opinion feems to be juflified by his fubfequent canonization, and by the great honors which were afterwards paid to his memory. Number II. In the fecond compartment is drawn the death of king Ed- mund, which, according to the abovementioned MS. in my own pofTeflion, happened on the twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord 870. His body was firft privately buried; but being afterwards difcovered in a miracu- lous manner, was re-interred with great folemnity at Bury, in Suffolk, where an Abbey was erected and dedicated to him. Number 4 ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C. 0? THE ENGLISH. Number III. The third compartment contains a reprefentation of the ancient mode of administering the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. This curious delineation does not appear to require any further explanation. This plate, if placed in proper order, fliould follow the two fucceeding ones, but as St. Alban and St. Edmund appear to have actually fuffered in the defence of Chriftianity, and to have had an Abbey built in honour of each of them, I claffed them as near together as the nature of the work would admit of. ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C OF THE ENCASH. PLATE III. Number L TN the upper compartment of this plate Ofwald king of Nor- JL thumberland is reprefented with his army, proceeding againft the king of Mercia, who had invaded his dominions. All our hiftorians agree that Ofwald was a man of much piety, and of an amiable difpofition. By his valour he united the kingdoms of Bernicia, and Deira, and made himfelf fole monarch over all the Northumbers. The glory he acquired by his martial conduct, as well as the great acceffion of power, which was the refult of his conquefts, excited the envy and jealoufy of Penda, king of Mercia, a man whofe reftlefs and ferocious difpofition rendered him capable of undertaking the moft daring enterprifes. Without any previous informa- tion, or regular declaration of war, he entered the dominions of Ofwald, at the head of a large army, and ravaged the country with fire and fword where- ever. he came. Ofwald collected all the forces together that he could upon fo fudden an emergency, and both armies met at a place called Maferfield, in Shropfhire, where, after a long and bloody conflict, the Northumbers were totally routed, and Ofwald himfelf flain. This battle was fought on the fifth day of Auguft, A. D. 642. Number II. The fecond compartment contains a delineation of the Bat- tle at Maferfield, and Ofwald is reprefented as falling from his horfe, wound- ed by the Mercian king. Numberlefs are the miracles which have been at- tributed to Ofwald after his death, and Bede informs us, that in his time the right hand of that unfortunate prince was preferved in the Church of Peter- borough; concerning which the Monkifh writers have related this ftory : — One day while he was fitting at dinner, he fent from his own table, a large filver difh full of meat, with orders that it mould be given to the poor, and the dim itfelf broken into pieces and divided amongft them •, upon which Aidan, one of the Roman miflionaries who was prefent, took the king by the right hand, and laid, " May this hand never perifi" C Number 6 ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C. OP THE ENGLISH. Number III. In the bottom compartment of this plate is delineated one of the fabulous miracles attributed to the Virgin Mary. The refufitated corps of a warrior appears rifing from the tomb, to whom fhe prefents a coat of mail, an angel attends upon her with a fpear and an helmet. For the fake of thefe martial implements, efpecially the coat, or fhirt, of mail, I was in- duced to engrave the delineation. /V ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C. OF THE ENGLISH. J PLATE IV. Number I. HT^HE delineation copied in die top compartment of this JL plate reprefents Cenelm, king of Mercia, with his at- tendants, hunting. Cenelm was very young when he fucceeded Cenwulf in the kingdom of Mercia. All our hiftorians I believe agree, that his death was premature, though they differ widely with refpeffc to the caufe of it, whether it was by accident or defign. Malmfbury, who inclines to the former opinion, con- cifely informs us, that his filler Quendreda, without any malicious intention, was the innocent occafion of his death ; but the particulars of the accident are not related. On the other hand, the more modern writers accufe Quen- dreda either of flaying him heifelf, or caufing him to be flain, in order to facilitate her own afcent to the throne of Mercia. They tell us in general, that he was afTaffinated while he was hunting ; and that after the murder was committed, his body was fecrctly buried in or near the place where he was flain ; and with this opinion our illuminator evidently agreed. The MS. which I have mentioned before, fays that he was murdered on the 1 6th of Auguft, A. D. 819. Number II. In the fecond compartment, the Regicides are reprefented in the act of throwing the dead body of the king into a pit. The monkifh writers, who are always fond of the miraculous, have upon this occafion in- vented a very ridiculous ftory of a bird, which carried an infeription to Rome, by means of which the place was difcovered where the corps of the unfortunate prince had been fecreted ; from whence it was taken and buried with great folemnity in the church of Winchomb, in Gloceflerlhire. Number III. The delineation contained in the bottom compartment of this plate does not refer to any particular hiftory, it is given to fhow the ancient habits of the Abbefs, the Nun, and the Anchorite. The building behind S ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C. OF THE ENGLISH. behind the Anchorite is intended by the delineator to reprefent the cell, or hermitage, in which he made his refidence from the flightnefs of the drawing but little judgment can be formed concerning the materials of which this little ftrudure confifted. V ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C. OF THE ENGLISH. PLATE V. Number J. ry^HE Royal Perfonage reprefented in the upper compart- JL ment of this plate with his attendants hunting, is Edward, firnamed the Martyr. Number II. In the fecond compartment is delineated the manner in which that unfortunate prince was bafely aflaflinated. The illuminator has attended very clofely to the hiftorical account of this infamous tranfaclion ; the principal circumftances of which are as follow : The young monarch being hunting in the Ifle of Purbeck, as he purfued the game through a wood he pafled near to Corfe Caftle, the habitation of his ftep mother iElfrida, and willing to pay his refpects to her, called at the gate of the caftle : When it was made known that the king waited to fee her fhe came out to him and entreated him to alight; but being intent upon his lport, he would not comply with her requefl, and only begged that a cup of wine might be brought to flake his thirft. The fervant who prefented the cup to him, being before-hand inftrucled by his miftrefs, ftabbed him with a fword while he was drinking. The king, finding himlelf wounded, clapped his fpurs to the horfe, and endeavoured to make his efcape ; but fainting with the lofs of blood, he fell from the faddle, and one of his feet being in- tangled in the ftirrup, he was dragged up and down for a confiderable time, and at lafl left dead in the wood. According to the MS. in my pofTeffion, which I have quoted before, this murder was committed on the 15th day of, April, A. D. 978. The corps was firft privately buried at Warham ; but three years afterwards it was taken from thence, and re-interred with great pomp and folemnity at Shaftfbury. iElfrida was inftigated to perpetrate this inhuman a&ion, by the ambitious defire which flie had entertained of feating her own fon JEthelred upon the throne of England. Number III. The delineation copied in the lower compartment of this plate, and all of them contained in the feven plates which follow, relate to D the IO ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, OCC. OP THE ENGLISHr the life and tranfactions of Thomas Becket, whofe hiftory and character are -fo generally known, that no more will I prefume be deemed necefiary in the prefent publication, than a concife account of the fubjefts, in the order that they (land, without filling up the intermediate fpaces of time, for which the reader muft be referred to the hiftories of this country ; or particularly to the Life of Henry the Second, by Lord Littleton, where, in the fecond vo- lume, he will meet with ample fatisfaction. Becket's father, who is reprefented in this delineation, is faid to have been a citizen of London, and was probably a merchant. Brompton in- forms us that his baptifmal name was Gilbert, and that he lived on the fpot where St. Thomas's Hofpital now {lands. It is generally agreed that Gil- bert's wife was a foreigner, and according to fome authors a native of Syria ; conformable to this idea, our illuminator, in the prefent defign, has drawn the lady departing from her relations, who are depicted crofs legged, and feated upon the ground, agreeable to the cuftom of the Eaftern coun- tries; but Brompton fays that fhe was the daughter of a Saracen, who had taken Gilbert Becket prifoner as he went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Vf ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C. OF THE ENGLISH. PLATE VI. GILBERT BECKET having brought the lady who had committed her- felf to his protection, into his native country, prevailed upon her to embrace the doctrines of Chriflianity, and caufed her to be baptized previ- ous to their marriage. Number I. The Baptifmal Ceremony is reprefented in the upper com- partment of this plate. From the circumftance of two bifhops attending upon this occafion. and the folemn manner in which the ceremony appears to be performed, we may fafely conclude, that the illuminator did by no means agree with the more modern authors concerning the extreme indi- gence of Gilbert Becket, but rather that he thought directly contrary to them. Brompton tells us that he had been fheriff of London, and from the fame writer we learn, that the Chriftian name of Becket's lady was Matilda ; but on what authority he fpeaks I do not pretend to determine. Number II. In the middle compartment is delineated the folemnization of the nuptials between Gilbert Becket and his lady. Number III. In the third compartment we fee reprefented Thomas Becket, foon after his birth, wrapped in fwaddling cloths, and laid in a cradle by the fide of his mother's bed. In all of the ancient delineations which have fallen under my obfervation, reprefenting the baptifm of adults, I have conftantly remarked, that the per- fon baptifed is drawn naked, or covered with a drefs made to fit clofe to every part of the body, which from the fize of the font, we may conceive to be half immerged in the water. In fome marginal drawings of much earlier date than the prefent, I have found that a large veffel like a bathing tub is fubftituted for the font ; a remarkable one of this kind occurs in a M S. in the 12 ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C OF THE ENGLISH. the Royal Library, at the Britifh Mufeum, marked 13. E. VI. over which is written in Latin, " Lucius, the Jirji king baptized in England." I do not fee that there is any appearance of a ring ufed in the marriage ceremony of Becket and his Lady. As thefe drawings are very neatly, and without doubt accurately executed, the reader will, I truft, examine with much pleafure the difference of man- ners, in the courfe of four or five centuries. ! V// ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C, OF THE ENGLI3H. I| PLATE VII. Number L ^LL the intermediate circumfhnccs relative to the I fc and tranfactions of Thomas Becket, from infancy to manhood, are pafled over by our illuminator ; and in the upper compartment of this plate he is reprefented receiving from king Henry the fecond, a letter fealed with the royal fignet, conftituiing him Chancellor of England. Becket is {aid to have fupported the office with great oftentation and profufenefs ; but as he appeared to have been perfectly devoted to the fervice of his fovereign, the king in return, took every opportunity of advancing his fortune. Number II. In the year of our Lord 1163 he was promoted to the See of Canterbury, and the folemnity of his conlecration is depicted in the middle compartment of this plate. Having attained to that exaked dig- nity, as if he had nothing left to hope for from the favour of his Royal mafter, he threw off all appearance of refpect and compliance ; and was afterwards as refolute in his oppofition to the will of the i-ing, as he had been obfequious in obeying it before. The king, on the other hand, incenfed-by the ungrateful behaviour of the archbifhop, withdrew his protection, and from a friend became a bitter enemy. Violent dilputcs were fomented be- tween them, which were fupported with unequalled pride and obftinacy on the part of Becket, who could not be prevailed upon, either by intreaties, or by threatenings, to comply with the king's command, which upon all occafions he fet at defiance. Number III. But perhaps the haughty and overbearing difpofition of the prelate was in no inftance more forcibly manifefted than in his refufmg to E obey 14 ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &C. OF THE ENGLISH. obey the fummons when cited to appear and anfwer to the charges alledged againft him by the king. He afterwards prefumed to approach the royal prefence, holding the crofs in his own hand, and habited in the pontifical robes of his office, and there openly exprefled his difapprobation of the king's conduct, which tranfa&ion is very fpiritedly reprefented in the lower compartment of this plate. ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, £