mm^-^ Digitized by the Internet Archive / in 2009 with funding from \ Research Library, The Getty Research institute http://www.archive.org/details/accountofsepulchOOmacg K f \ r \ , A N ACCOUNT O F T H E Sepulchers of the Antients^ A N D A DESCRIPTION OF THEIR MONUMENTS ,(■ i. (I VI \ J^ L >l I >i H T J O ZT'A3.Uly,. ■r** ^ ACCO'UNT O F T H E SePULCHERSoF thcANTIENTS^ DESCRIPTION O T<" T l-[ F 1 R MONUMENTS. FROM THE Creation of the WORLD, to tlie Building of the P Y R A M I D S, and from Thence to theDeftruftion of JERVSJLEM; In Two PARTS: The Firft Comprehending Thofe that are in AS I Ay and the Second Thole in A F R ICA ;, With a Conti- nuation, Comprehending Some in both thefe Conti- nents, and in E V R O P E : THE WHOLE Containing feveral Geo<^ra}hical and ////ifr.Vii/ Remarks, Uf.on the Places and Perfons in Thole Countries and Time?, very Uleful, and Necefl'ary to be Known, and fo much the more Curious, becaule not to he Found any Where elle: and being a Treatile, that Makes the Fore-Ri;nner of a Work, Entituled, TliGeopafhy and Hiftory of Turkey, iu Europe, Aha, and Africa, or^ A Defcnpion of Jf^h.it is to he Setn^ andt Jn Jccount of U^'hat P.iJ/eSy in Hungary, Greece, Turkey Proper^ the Lejfer Aha, Syria, Mefopota- mia, P.Ueiiine, Arabia, Egypt, ^'c. lo be Publifhed after- wards by Subfv.ription, provided a Suilicrent Number of Sub- Icribersdo Come in: Witli a Preface, Giving an Account of the Wiiole Dehgn, and Propofals for Printing the Same. By JOHN MACK GREGORT, LL. L. ProfefTor of Geography and Hiftory. LONDON, Printed for the Author, and to be Sold by J. B.mis in RiUrHjU^ M^. Taylor \n Pater- Nojler. Row ^ £. Cu)ll h\ £k*tflrcet, and CStrnljan in Cornhi'J^ 1711. o. < ■ a "Pi "pr^-'/'r^ri" 1 .V mIj 'lo T O H I S GRACE- THE Duke of BEAUFORT^ Captain of the Band of Gentlc- men-Penfioners. My LORD, YOUR Grace being a Lover and Patron of Learnings I here Prefume to Offer Ton a Treatife, Hfon a mojl Learned SnbjeS}^ The A Se^ The Epiftle Dedicatory. Scpulchers of the Antients, and Their Monuments^ highly Curious^ being the Firfi and mofi Ancient PrGdudions of Art^ and very much ZJnknown^ Jince hitherto No Body^ either among the Antientf or Mo- derm^ has ever Jttempted dtreBly to Write on then^; which MaJ^s the Fore-Hunner of a I4^cr\, upon a Subject no lefs Learn d^ The Levan- tine, or haftern, Countries, under the Dominion of the Turl\s, like- wije very Ctiriom^ being the Chief *f heater of Travels ^ and theVrin-^ cifal Scene oj Antiquities^ Sacred and Trojane^ Affording the Mate- rials 'Oj the 'Beit Part of Geogra- phy, and the Grounds oj the Great- eji Part of Hiftory, Ancient and Modern^ and ftill much ZJnl^noni^^fiy tho' The Epiftle Dedicatory. tho" . a Great Many^ both among the Antknts and Moderm^ have I'Vrit a Great Deal on them, becaufe hitherto they have only Done it In- comp/ejtly^ rmd by Pieces ^ in a Way thafs Lame a?id Imferjecl^ much Confused and little Satisfying^ fo that ftill there is Wanting One, who would Do It more, Fully ^ and* to Better Purfofe^ fo as to Give Great- er Satisfaction^ and I Fropfe to Do my Endeavour that Way ^ pro- vided I Meet ivith Suitable En- couragement. MAT it Pleafe Tour Grace, to Tah^e in Good Part this Small To- h^n of my Humble Kej^ect^ and to Allo^ me the Honour to Prefix to a TreatifCy that Makes the Fore- A3 Runner The Epiftlc Dedicatory. Runner of a Work^^ upon -mofl Learned Subjech , the Auipcwus Name of a Ferfon^ who is a Great Encourager of Learnings * twill juf-- jiciently Comport with the Ambition of hirn^ who Dejires Nothing fo much^ as an Opportunity to Shew, how much he is. My LORD, Your Grace's Moft Humble, Moft Obedient, and Moft Devoted Servant, Mack Gregory. THE PREFACE. TH I S is a Treatife, upon the Sepulchers of the Antlents, and their Monuments ^ which Makes the Fore-Runner of a Work, on the Levi^n- thn^ or Eaftern, Countries, under the Dominion of the Turh^ to be Printed afterwards by Subfcription, provided a Sufficient Number of Subfcribers do Come in, according to the Propofals at the End of this Preface- Thele Produ£l:ions come Naturally from One, who firft, from his Infancy, had a Strong Inclina- tion to Travel, and a Mighty Defire to Under- hand Antiquities, both Sacred and Profane, then Read much the Defcriptions of other Travellers, Ancient and Modern, and Study 'd hard the Accounts of Antiquities which they Give, Taking Care to be Inftrucled and Qualify'd likewife, in the Knowledg of th(^fe Arts and Sciences, and Endeavouring to Acquire thole Faculties, that were Nccelfary to Make him "Underftaud Both to the Befl Advantage, afterwards Travelled himfelf a great Deal, over Europe, Afm, and Africa, Living at Courts, and being imploy'd in Publick Bufmels, Seeing and Hearing every Thing Remarkable, by Land and Sea, in the Orient and the Occident, What Remains of Antiquity as well as What is Modern, and now Makes Proteflion of Teacliing Geography and Hlftory, with the other Arts and Sciences that Subferve to them, lb as.' to Make up the Want ot A 3 Tra- ii The PREFACE. Travelling and Knowing Antiquities, as much as may be, to Thofe who have not TravelVd and Known Th'ngs Ancient, themfelves, and to Supply them with the Next Beft, which is, a Geographi- cal Defcription and an Hiftorical Account, here at Home , of Whnt is to be Seen and Heard of thoroudi the World, Abroad : For Geografhy, as I Underftand it, is a Delcription of What is to be Seen, upon the Earth , and Hifiory, fuch as 1 Mean, an Account of What Paffes, or has Pafs'd, from the Beginning of the World to this Day •, the Grounds of the One are Antiquities, and the Ma- terials of the Other, Travels, of and upon which Foth are Made up and %iis'd as Edifices and Super- ftruftures ^ and confequently, the Goodnefs and Truth of Both Depends immediately on the Full- f.efs arid Exadneft of their Refpeftive Materials and Grounds, of and, upon which they are Made up andRais'd. K O iboner Men Began to Be upon the Earth, but they fegun to Travel, and Under ftand the Things that were before them ;, there have always been a Great Many, o<^'aljnoft all Nations, both in Ancient and Modern Times, from the Beginning of the World to this Day, who have, upon fome Occafion or other, Travelfd, and Underftood An- tiquities, more or lefs ^ and Several of them have likewile Writ Defcriptions of What tliey See in their Travels, and Accounts of W'hat they Knew of Antiquity, for the SatisfatHon ot Themfelves and Others: There kive alfo been Some, who, tho' they neverTravclled, or SeeThings, themfelves, have neverthelefs Writ Defcriptions and Accounts, of Wh It is to be Seen and Heard of thorough the World, Taken from the Travels and Sight of Thofe who did Travel and See, themfelves : And thofe Defcriptions and Accounts, of Travels and Anti- quitieSj The PREFJCE. Hi qulties, Sacred and Profane, are the Materi- als and Grounds, of Geotiraphy and Tiiftorv, An- cient and Modern, of and upon which they are Made up and Raised. A mono; the Antients, the People who Travelled moft, and Underftood An- tiquities beft, were the AntediiuvianSy ChaUea/7s, Hebrews, Egyfti.ifis^ Jews , Grecians, and Romans ^ efpeciallv the Three Laft, who likewife Writ a great Deal of th it Kind, and fometimes without having Travelled ; among the Moderns, the Great- eft Travellers, and Antiquaries, are the ItalianSj French, ErnrUjli^ Dutch, and Germans, elpecially the Two Firft, who aUb Write prodigiouiiy thatWay, and very often without Travelling. As for the Antients, among the Anedlluvians, Adam, the Firft Man, according to the Author of the Book of Jojlma, and the Interpretation of St. Jerome thereupon. Travelled from the Country a- bout Damafcus, in Syria, where lie was Form'd and Fell, into the Valleys near Hebron, in Palefiine^ where he Liv'd and Dy'd, and probably Under- iiood very well the Tilings that Proceeded hisTime: Jolephus S'dys, he Wric likewife, upon Two Tables, fome Obfervations concernin'j; the Heavens, which were afterwards Collected, into a Treatite, by £' noch his Great Grandfon •-, the Ancient Gnojl-cks, as St- Eplpha-ie Relates, Attributed feveral Books to him, and the Mahumetan Doctors, as well as the 7>ir;y7; Cabalifts, are ot the Same Mind f, but what they Say is not to be Regarded, and what Jofevhus Says is DifapprovM both by St. Augujtln and Tcrtul- Han. Cain Travelfd a great Deal, according to Jofephus and St. Jerome, from the Country of Da- mafcus, where he Kilfd his Brother Abel, Waned- ring up and down the Earth, till at Laft he Came and Settled in the Land o^ Nod, Mentioned by Mo' fes. Supposed by Jofephus, to have been among the Mountains Lihanus, likewife in Syria, and by St. Je- A 4 rome. iv The PREFACE. rome^ at the Back of Mount Carmel, in Thenicia, where he himfelf was Kill'd by his Great Grandfon Lamech •, and 'tis Probable he had fome Underftand- ine; of the Things that were before his Time. Seth did n ^t Travel, fo far as we Know, but probably \.'nderftood well the Things that were before him, and Writ, according to Jofephus, upon Two PiU lars, the One of Brick, the Other of Stone, a De- fcriptinn, or Account, of What he Knew, for the Benefit o*-'Pofteritv ^ the Laft of which Pillars, the fa .-^e Author Affirms, was ftill to be Seen in his Time, in Syria. Neither do we Know any thing of Enoch^s Travelling, unlefs 'twas after his Tran- flation, as the Author of the Book Ecclefiaft-icus Seems to Alledg, tho' 'tis Probable he Underiftood the Things that Preceeded him, as well as he did Thofe that Came after, fince 'tis Certain, from St. Jude, he Writ a Book of Prophefies, which that Apoftle Quotes. Noah, according to cJMofes, and the Interpretation of St. Jerome and JofephuSy Tra- vell'd by Water, in the Ark, during the Flood, from Syria, where 'twas Built, at the Bottom of the Mountains Llhanus, into Arincnia, where it Relied, upon the Top of Thofe of T^/^r«/, and pro- bably Underftood well the Things that were ' be- fore him : And his Three Sons, Setn, Cham, and Japhet, after the Flood, Difpers'd themfelves, ac- cording to Berofus, over all the Earth, the Firft in- to Jfia, the Second into Africa, and the Third into Europe, Carrying along with them what Knowledg they had of the Things that Preceeded their Time. Among the Chaldeans, Ncmrod, the Firft King, or Governour, Captain, or Leader, upon the Earth, according to zJ^ofes and 'Berofus, and a Great 11 u I Iter as well as a Man of Power, Travelled, at leveral Couries, from, Babylon, in Chaldea, where he Reign d, thorough Chaldea, Mefopctamia, and ^he Keighbouring Countries, where he Hunted and - Shew'd The PREFACE. v SJiew'd his Might, by the Towns that he Founded, and probably had a Great Knowledg of the Things that were before him, fmce we See, he Under- ftood Arts and Sciences fo well, particularly, Ar- chiteOiure, and the Mathematicks, by what Re- mains o{- that Stupendious Edifice, the Tower of Babel, which thofe Authors Say he Built, to Preferve his People together, and Get himfelf a Kame, and tho' he Mils'd the Firft Part of his Aim by it, yet he Hit the Second effeftually, for it has indeed JProv'd a Lafting Monument both of his Wifdom andGreatnefs. Nhius Belus did not Travel, fo far as we Know, but 'tis Probable he alfo had a Great Knowledg of the Things that Preceeded his Time, fmce we See, he likewife Underftood Arts and Sciences fo well, as Appears, by that Part of the Tower, which he Built, and the Sepulcher and Temple, which he PraOiis'd in it, according to Be- rofus and Herodotus, for, and in Honour of, his Father Nemrod, and in Continuation of the Samjs Defign.- Ninus Ajfur, as (jMofes Tells us, Travell'd from Babylon, where he Reign'd, into Ajfyria, where he Conquered, and Built Towns, and, according to Herodotus and Diodurus Slculus, W^'ent further into BaElrla, where he alfo Conquered, and over a Great Part ot Afia, which he likewife Subdued, and pro- bably had a Good Knowledg of the Things that were before him, as well as his Father and Grand- father. Semiramis alfo Travelled a great Deal, as Dlodorus Siculus and Jufiiu Relate, from Afcalon, in Judea, where She was Born, to Babylon, where She was Marry'd, and Reign'd, and from Thence, into Media, in u4jia, and ^gyfU i" Africa, where She Conquer'd, as far as the Indies, and Ethiopia, and 'tis Probable She likewife h:id a Great Knowledg of the Things that Preceeded her Time, fmce we See, She Underftood Arts and Sciences fo well, parti- cularly, Architevlure, Sculpture, and the Mathe- maticks, vi The PREFACE. maticks, by the Ruins and Veftiges of the Works She Did in and about Babylon, efpecially, the Sepul- cher, Temple, and Buft, which, Diodorus Says, She Cut out in the Hill Bagyfion, for, in Honour, and to the Refemblance, of her Hasband Ninus, and to Perpetuate h^'s Name and Memory. Nehu- c^ii^;;cz.4r the Great alfo Travelled a good Deal, as Several of the Holy Prophets Tell us, from Babylon^ where he Reiiin'd, into Pcrfia, Afedia, jijfyria, Afe- fafotamla, Syria, Pale/line, Arabia, E?,yft, and E- thlopa, where he Conquered, and Probably had likewife fome Knowledg of the Things that were before him, fince, according to Jofephus, he alfo TJn- derilood Arts and Sciences, and Adorn'd Baby- lon with his Works. Megafihenes was a Great Traveller, as Strabo and Clement of Alexandria In- form us, from Chaldea, where he was Born, into Perjia and the Indies, and into Greece, where he Liv'd, and 'tis Probable he had alfo a Great Know- iedg of Things Ancient i he Writ likewife the Hiitory of India and Perfia, frequently Quoted by the Antients, but Unknown among the Moderns, for That which Kow goes under his Name is not Genuine, but Suppoiitious , Done by Annius of Viterbo : And Berofus, who was Contemporary with .him, Travell d a Little, as Pliny and Jofephus Re- late, from Chaldea, where he was Born, into Syria, where he Livd, and is 'aid to have Understood Antiquities very well, he alfo Writ the Hiftory and Chronology of Chaldea, very much Efteemed by the Antients, but likewile Unknown among the Moderns, except fome Fragments we have on't from Jofcfhus, for That which we have, Said to be his, is nothing but another Suppofitious Work of the Same Annius, who has Done a great Deal of Mif- chief of that Kind. Among the Hebrews, Abraham, the Patriarch, or Father of many Kations, according to zJMofes, Travell'd The PR EFJCE. vii Traveled a great Deal in his Time, from Vr, in Chal- dean where he wp.sBorn, thorcuuh Mefopofamia, where he Bury'd his Father, into Eoypt, where he Liv'd, Syria J where he Conquered, and Palrfiincy where he Dy'd, and was Boi-y'd himfelf, at Hebron, and probably Underftood very well the ThinQs that were be tore him : Jofephus Says, he Taught Arith- metick and Aftronomy to the Egyptians -^ and almoft all the Jews, efpecially the CabaUfis, Make him the Author of a Book, Entitu'ed, Jetfra, or, of the Creation, of which there are feveral Manufcripts, and a Printed Edition at Mantua, 1552. But tho' what Jofe-^hus Says may be True, that Book is gene- rally Look'd upon to be a Jejvljh Impofture. Lot, ac- cording to both Mofes and jofephus, Travelfd all the Way along with his Uncle Abraham ^ thorough Mc' fopotamia, Syria, Talejtine, and Egypt, and 'tis Pro- bable ,he likewile Underftood well the Things that Preceeded his Time. Ifaac Travell'd but a Little, in palejlifie, fo far as aJMofes Tells us, from the Coun- try of Gerara, where he was Born, at Berfeba, into the Land of Moriah, where he was to have been Sa- crific'd, upon Mount Aioriah, as Jpfephus SayS, or feme Other Mount thereabouts, as, according to zJ^ofcs, God Almighty himfelf leems to Infmuate, and Mount Calvary, as St. Augujlin Thinks, and St. Helen Eeliev'd firmly, when She Built thofe Two Chappels, in Honour of Abraham and Jfaac, on the Top of that Mount, which are ftill to be Seen there unto this Day, and from Thence back into Gerara, where he Liv'd, at Berfeba, and, being the Beloved Son of h*s Father, probably had all the Knowledg of Things Ancient, that he could Give him. Jacob, according to aJ^jfes, Travell'd a. good Deal, from Berfeba, where he was Born, into Mcfo- fotamia, where he was Marry'd, and Egypt, where he Dy'd, and 'tis Probable he alfo Underftood well the Things that were before him : Jofephus Says, he was very Learn'd, efpecially in Aftrolosjv, which "'he viii The PREFACE, ^e Taught to his Children. Jofeph, according to fi^jfes, Travell'd from Cktntn^ in Mefopotamiay where he was Born, into Palel}lrie, where he was Sold by his Brothers, and Hj^ypf, where he became a Great Man, and probably had a Great Knowledg of the Thin-^s that Freceeded his Time, as well as he had of Thofe that were to Come after : Jsfephut S^iys, he Taueht Aftronomy and Geography to the Egypti- ans •■) and Munjier Makes him the Founder of an Acar- demy, at Hellopolis^ for thofe Sciences. (J^ofes, the Great Prophet, or Law-Giver, Captain, or Leader, of the Ifraclltef, was likewife a Great Traveller, as he Iiim (elf Relates, from Egypt , where he was Born, thorough Arabit, where he Gave Law, into Pa- Ufline, where he Dy'd, and, being Full of the Spirit of God, as well as fufficiently hiftru^led in the Learning among Men, had a Perfect Knowledg of all Things, that were Paft, Prelent, or to Come, which Rendered him a Great \ntiquary as well as a Prophet, and an Excellent both Geographer and Hiftorian ^ he aifo Writ Five Books, Treating of Sacred Travels and Antiquities as well as Other Matters, which, for the Excellency of the Defcrip- tions and Accounts, of what was to be Seen and Pafs d, in and before his Time, are an hivaluable Treafure, of Ancient Geography and Hiftory as well as Other Knowledges, Divine and Humane, to Thofe who are fo Happy as to Underftand them, and is ikewife Said to hive Writ the Book of Job : And Jopiuay his Succelfjr, according to both zJ^ofes and the Author of the Book of Jofrux, Travelled all the Way along with him, from Egypt, thorough Arabia, into Paleftine^ and probably had alfo a Great Know- ledg of the Things that had been before him i he is likewife Said to have Writ the Book which we have Kow under his Kame. I Among the Egyptian s, the Great King Sefostrisy 1 according to Herodotus^ Travell'd a great Deal in " Afia, from Egypt ^ where he Reign'd, into Paleftine, Phenicia, The PR EFJCE. ix VhemciHf Syria, Jljfyria, Media, Scythla, Colchis, the LelTer Afta, and Thrace, wh^re he Conquer'd, and from Thence back to E^^yvt, where he Dy'd, and probably Underftood wellthe Things thatPreceeded his Time. Hermer, or Mercnri us, Trifme^islus, did not Travel, lb far as we Know, from Cicero, LaUan- tius, and Clement of Alexandria, who Give an Ac- count of him, but had a Great Knowledg of Things Ancient, and Writ a great many Books upon them, frequently Quoted by the Ancients, and Unknown among the Moderns, for Thofe which Kow go un- der his Name are Judg'd to be not Genuine, but Sup- pofititious. Memrion, according to Homer and Pau- fanias, was a Great Traveller, from the Higher £- gyp, where he Reign'd, at Thebes, into Terfia, Me- dia, and Ajfyria, where he Conquer'd, and the LelTer Afia, where he was Kill'd, at the Siege of Troy, and probably had a Good Knowledg of the Things that were before his Time, fmce riiny and Straho make him the Inventor of Letters, and we See he Underftood Arts and Sciences well, particu- larly Sculpture and the Mathematicks, by the Ru- ins and Veftiges of the Works he Did in and about Thebes, efpecially, a Hollow Buft, Cut out of a Rock, to the Refemblance of himfelf, and Contrir'd lb as to Make a Noife, when very much Heated by the Sun, Proceeding from Water, Contain'd in its Hollow, and Set a Walming by the Extreme Heat. Cheops, or Chemmis, did not Travel, fo far as we Know, trom Herodotus and Diodorus Sicutus, who Give an Account of him, unlefs it was he who, the Author ot the Bo(^ks of Ki^/^s Says, Went into Pale- fUne, in Solomons Time, as Some Alledg, but 'tis Pro- bable he had a Great Knowledg of Things Ancient, fmce we See he Underltood Arts and Sciences fo ^yell, particularly, Architefture, and the Mathema- ticks, as Appears by that Stupendious Edifice, the Greatelt of the Three Pyramids t^at are on the Way X The PREFACE, Way betwixt Memphis and Cairo^ which, according to thofe Authors, he Built, to Serve as a Monument over his Sepulcher, which is under it. Neither do we Know any thing of Chc^hreues, or Chephres, his Travelling, unlefs 'twas he whom the Author of the Books of Kings Mentions, but probably he alfo had a Good Knowledg of Things Ancient, lince we See he likewile Under/lood thofe Arts and Sciences, b}' the Second ot thele Pyramids, which, Herodotus and Dlodorous Say, he Built over his own Sepulcher. Nechao, according to the Author of the Books of Kings, Jofephus, Herodotus^ and Others, Travel I'd a great Deal, from Egypt, where heReign'd, into Palesir'n/e, and Syria, where he Conquered, and Chaldea and Ajfyria, where he was Defeated, and 'tis Probable he likewifeUnderftood well the Things that Preceeded his Time. Manethon Travell'd a Little, according to Plutarch and Tertullian, from Egypt, where he was Born, into Greece, where he Liv d, and had a Great Knowledge of Antiquities, as Jofephus and Si^idas Relate :, he alio Writ feveral Books, particularly, the Hiftory of Egypt, very much Efteem'd by the Ancients, but Unknown a- . mong the Moderns, except an Abridgment we have on't from • Julius Africanus, for That which Kow goes commonly under his Name, is nothing but ano- ther Suppofitious Work, Done by Annius of Kiterbo, Among the Jews, the Prophet Samuel, as himfelf Relates, Travelled a Little, up and down his own Country of Palefirine, and probably Underltood the Things that had Preceeded him, as well as he did Thofe that were to Come after ; he likewife Writ, according to St. Jerome and St. Ifidore, feveral Books ot Hiftory, particularly. Thole of Judges and Ruth, and the Firft of the Two which are com- monly Calfd by his Name. David Travell'd a great Deal, as the Authors of the Books of Kings and Chronicles Relate, from TaleBine, where he Reign'd, ThQ PREFACE. Xi Reign'd, into Arahht^ Syria, and Armenia, where he Conquered, and 'tis Probable he Underftood well the Things that were before his Time -^ he alfo Writ, according, to St. Augufiifi, and Others, the Book of Plalms which we have under his Name, tho' Some are of another Mind. The Wife Solomon alfb Travelled a great Deal, as the fiime Sacred Aurhors Relate, thorough Pdc^ine, Arabia, Syria, and Ar- menia, and being extraordinarily Endowed by God, as well as fuificiently Inflru^led among Men, with all Sorts of Wifdom and Knowledg, Underltood perfec^tly Every Thing, P^ift, Prefcnt, and to Come, and confequently was a Great Antiquary as well as a Prophet, and an Excellent both Geographer and Hift(nian , he likewile \\"iit a great Many Books, according to Jofepbus and Others, ( befides the .Ca- nonical Ones which we have under his Kame, ) ,fr,^t quently Mentioned by the Antients, but Unknown among the Moderns, for Thole Others, which are commonly Attributed to him, are judg'd to be not^ Genuine, but Suppofitious. Jeremiah Travelfd a good Deal, as he himfelf and St. Efiphane Relate, from Palcftine, where he was Born, into Chaldeay where he Liv'd, and Egypt, where he was Kilfd, and probably Underftood the Things that were be- fore him as well as Thofe that Came after ^ He alio Writ, according to Jofephus and Others, ( befides his Prophefes and Lamentations, ) the Second Book of Samuel, and the Two Books of Kings, tho' borne are of a Diiferent Opinion. Efdras, as himfelf Re- hites, Travell d from Cbaldea into PaleBine, and b^- ing, according to Jofephus, a very Lea.rned Man, es- pecially in the l.aw, 'tis Probable he Underliqod Things Ancient ; he likewile Writ, as Some Tlii^k, ( befides Thofe that we have under his Isame, ) Se- veral Books of Hiitcry, particularly, the Two of Chronicles^ which. is Uncertain- Our Lord, Jtijj^ Chrijt^ according, to the EYajigelills, Travelf^'/^ greac xii The PRETACE. great Deal, during his Time upon the Earth, thorough P.tlefline, Syria, and E^ypt, and being in- finitely Wife as well as Good had a moft Perfeffc -cK-nowledg of all Things, Pafs'd, Prelent, and to Come •, he alfo Writ, by the Prophets, before his Incarnation, and by the Apoftles, after his Afcen- fion, as they themfelves Relate, the Holy Scrip- tures of the Old and New Tel^.tmer.ts^ Treating of Sa- cred Travels and Antiquities as well as Other Mat- ters, which, for the Excellency of the Defcriptions and Accounts, of what was to be Seen and Pafs'd, in and before thofe Times, are an Invaluable Trea- fure, of Ancient Geography and Hiftory as well O- ther Knowledges, Divine and Humane, to Thole who -ire fo Happy as to Underhand them. St. Feter Travelled a Little, as himfelf and St. Paul Relate, thorouQ;h Palestine, Syria ^ and £fypf, and being Full of the Holy Ghoft, had a Perfea Knowledg of all Things, PalVd, Prefent, and to Come •, he llkewife Vv^rit, according to Serafmi, Eufeblus, Rufnus^ and Others, ( befides the Two Epiftles which we have under his Karae, ) feveral Other Books, particular- ly. One of Evangiles, and Another of Revelations, which we Want. St. John the Apoftle, as he him- felf Tells us, Travelled a great deal, thorough Pa- lesiine, Syria, and the LefTer Afia, and being Full of the Holy -Ghoft, had a Perfeft Knowledg of all Things i he alfo Writ feveral Books, which we have under his Kame. St. Paul, as himfelf Relates, was a Great Traveller, both by Land and Sea, thorough the LefTer Afia, Syria, PaleH-ine, Arabia^ Greece, Italy, Spain, Sicily, Candia, &c. and being Full of the Spirit of God, as well as Learn'd among Men, had a Perfeft Knowledg af all Things, Pafs'd, Prefent, and to Come *, he iikewife Writ a great inaiiy Books, or Epiftles, which we have. PhiloTra.- velVd a Little, as himfelf Tells us, from Egyfr, where he was Born, at Alexandria, into Italy, where h« The PREFACE. xiii he was AmbafTador, at Romey and, a^ . .^rding to St. Jerome ^Clement o'l Alexandria ^Phorius,?int, as Diogenes Laertius Relates, and would have Gone over all AfiA, as far as the Indies, if the Wars which Happened in his Time, betwixt Alexander and Darius, had not Prevented him \ he had a Great Knowledg of Things, Pafs'd, Prefent, and to Come, as almoft all the Antients Allow, and Writ Several Books, which they very mucn Admir'd, and we have Some, but Want Others, except what we have of Thefe from Diogenes, Cicero, Sene- ca, and Other Authors, who frequently Qviote and Give The PREFACE, xv Give an Account of him. Arifhotle Travelled a great Deal, along w^ith his Pupil Alexander the Great, according to Plutarch and hiimus Curtius, had alio a Great Knowledj; of Thin:J;s, Pafsd, Prefent, and to Come, and Writ a great many Books, upon feveral Subjects, the moft Part of which we have. Homer Travelled a good Deal, in Afia, AfricA^ and S'uropey as we Know, from himfelf and Others, who make Men- tion of him, and had a Good Knowledg of Things Ancient, as Appears by his Incomparable Poems, which we have. Po/y^/w-f was a Great Traveller, as himfelf Relates, from Gretcf, where he was Born,into f>ypr, where he was AmbaiTador, and /r^/y,where he was Councellor to the Younger Scipio^with whom he Went again into Africa, Underftood Antiquities very well, and was both a Good Geographer and a Great Hiftorian, as Appears by the -'Defcriptions and Ac- counts heGives of Places andThingsin thedefervedly Efteemed Works we have of him. Dlodorus Siculus,^s himfelf Tells us, Travelled a great Deal, thoroaiih Italy, Greece, into A/ia, and, according to Pliny and Pbotius, Underftood Tfhings Ancient better tlian zny o^ the Grecians that were before him ^ he alfo Writ leveral Books, of Geography and Hiftory, very much Efteem'd, Some of which we have, and the Reft are very much V\'anted. Dio/iyfJus Hdicarnaf- fau! Travelfd into Italy, as himfelf and St^abo In- form us, and had a Greit Knowledg of Antiquities, as Appears by his Works upon that Subje(^i:, Some of which we have Entire, and of the Reft there are Fragments here and there in Strabo, Phr'tiusy Suidas, and Others, who Give an Account of him. Plutarch was a Great Traveller, thorough Greecey JE.^y^t, Italy, ^nd Germany, as himfelf, Photius, and Suiaas, Relate, and Underftood Things Ancient very well, as Appears by his Books of Hiftory aud An- tiquity, which we have. Ap^ian of Alexandria, as himfelf Says, Travelled from Egypt into Italy, and ( a 2 ) 1^ xvi The PREIACE. bv his Worlss, which we have, it Appears, he Un- derilood Antiquities well. Paufanias o( C^farea, as himself Relates, Travelled into Greece and hah^ and had a Good Knowledg of Things Ancient ', he alfo Writ, the Geosraphv and ¥/\i\ory o^ Greece, which we have: And Diort Caffius, or Cocceius, according to himtelf, Photif-a, SulJas, f^ohterranM, and Others, was a Great Traveller, thorough both AJla and A' frica, and Underftood Things Ancient very well ; ha likewileWrit a great manv Books, of Travels and Antiquities, and of Geography andHiftory, Some of which we have, and the Reft areWanting- And among the Romms, JuUm C^far, the Firft Emperor, Travelfd a great Deal, thorough Europe, Afia, and Africa, as himfelf, Plutarch, and Sice'-''-Hy Relate, and probably had a Good Knowledg of the Things that were before him ;, he alfo Writ feveral Books, of Geography and Hiftory, and Other Things, S'ime of which we have, particularly, his Commentaries. Titus Livim did not Travel, fo far as we Know, from himfelf, or Others, who Give an Account of him, unlefs it wasup and down his own Country of /r.j/y, but l.'nderftood Things An- cient very well, as AppearsbvhisWorks, e'peciallv, his molt Excellent hii\oYy of Rome. StrAow:is a Great Traveller, thorouirh Enror^e, Afia^ and A^lca^ ushimlelf and Suidc.s Tell us, and had a Great Knowledg oF Antiquities, as Appears by his Works, of Geoii ra phy a nd H iltory , wh i'ch we have. Nei- ther did PUn^i Travel, fo far as we Know, from himfelf, or Others who Mention him, unlefs it was a Little tiiorough the Roman Empire, but he "Underftood Things Ancient very well, as Appears by his Works, efpecially , his Natural Hiftory. Nor do we Know any Thing of SollnM his having Travelled, tho' he has Underftood well Antiquities, as Appears by his Book of Geography and Hiftory' that Contuins. the Defcriptions and Accounts, of Travels The PREFACE. xvii Travels and Antiquities, in leveral Countries. Kei~ tlier did Taciuu Travel, lb far as we Know, from himfelf, but he Underflood Things Ancient well, as Appears by his Geography, or Defcription, of Germaf/y, and his Hiihtry, or Account, of Rome, Sind Italy. Ow^Travelfd mto Ana, as he himfelf Relates, and had a Good Knowiedg of Antiqui- ties, as Appears by his Incomparable Poems, parti- cularly, the AietamorfhofiS' JuliusAfricanus, accord- ing to Eufehius, Phottus, and Svidas, who Give an Account of him, Travelfd a great Deal, thor-'ugh Africa, Afia, and Europe, and Underftood Antiqui- ties very well, as Appears by his Works, of Kiiio- ry and Chronology, which we have, only in Frag- ments, from thofe Other Authors- St. Jerome, as himlelf and Others Tell us, was a Great Traveller, from Germany, where he was Born, into Italy, France^ Greece, the LelTer Afia, Syria, Palcfiine, and Ecypt, where he Liv'd, and had a Great Knowiedg of An- tiquities, as well as of other Things, efpecially Thofe which are Sacred, and particularly, Thefe in AJla, where he Liv\l moft ^ he alfoWrita great Deal, upon thofe Subjects, a Good Part of which we have, and, becaufe of the Excellency of the Defcriptions and Accounts of what was to be Seen and Pafs'd, in and before his Time, is an Invaluable Treafure of Ancient Geography andHiftory, as well as of other Knowledc:.es, Divine and f-Jumane ^ the Reft, which is Wanting, is an Invaluable Lois, and much Lamented by Thofe who have a Regard for Things of that Kind. Cajfiodore did not Travel, lb for as we Know, from himlelf, and Others who Mention him, but Underftood well Things Anci- ent ^ he likewife Writ a great many Books, upon that Subject, of which we have the Greateft Part: But Procopius, his Contemporary, Travell'd a great Deal, along with Bdifdrita, whofe Secretary he was, from Italy, into Afia and Africa, as himfelf, ( a 3 ) Photiui, xviii ThcPREFJCE. Thotim, and Suidat; Relate, and Underftood well Antiquities, as Appears by his Works, which we have. As to the Moderns, among the Italians, French^ £rjffli(h, Dutch, and Germans, who are the People that Travel molt, and Underftand Antiquities beft, efpecially the Two Firft, there are fo Many, who have Travell'd, and Underftood Things Ancient, and have alfo Writ fo Much of that Kind, and very often without having Travelled, that I Ihould never have Done, if I Begun to Reckon them, and their Works, over, in Particular, and fhould Swell this Preface to anUnreafonable Bulk •, wherefore, I Jhall Content my Self with Saying this much, in the Ge-i neral, of them : Befides, there is no Need to Infift, particularly, upon them, becaufe they are all, efpe- cially the Chief of them, commonly Known, and Read by every Body, every Day, in feveral Langua- ges. S O that there are, and have always been, a Great Many, of almoft all Nations, both among the An- cients and Moderns , who have , upon fbme Occafion or other , Travell'd , and Underftood Antiquities, more or lefs ;, and Several of them have alio Writ Defcriptions of what they See in their Travels, and Accounts of what they Knew of Things Ancient : There are likewife Some, who, without having Travelled, or Seen Things, Them- felves, have neverthelefs Writ Defcriptions and Accounts , of What is to be Seen and Heard of thorough the World, Taken from the Travels and Sight of Others who have : Thofe Defcriptions and Accounts, of Travels and Antiquities, are the Materials and Grounds, of Geography and Hiftory, of and upon which they are Made up and Rais'd : And a Great Many Books have been Writ on thofe Sub- jects, at different Times, and in feveral Languages ; thq The PREFACE. xix the Moft Part of Which we have, and Some ever7 pay in our Hands, commonly Known, and Read by /every Body. But the General Complaint againft all -of them almoft is, That the Defcriptions and Ac- ^counts they Give of Places and Things, being the Materials and Grounds upon theFuUnefs and Ex- aftnefs of which their Goodnefsand Truth Depends, are hitherto Lame and Imperte^t, Broken and In- compleat, Ob (cure and Wonderful, much Confus'd and little Satisfying, and Leave Things ftill in the Dark as well' as Perfons yet Unfatisfy'd ^ which Proceeds from This, that either they don't Give thofe Defcriptions and Accounts of Places and Things Defignedly and Purpofely, but by Chance, and as it Falls in their Way of other Matters, or if they Do it Defignedly, they have not Travell'd and Seen Things themfelves," but Take what they Say from the Travels and Sight of Others who have, or if they" have Travell'd themfelves, they have not Done it out of a Pure Defign of Travelling, and of See- ing and Underftanding Antiquities and other Curio- fities, but upon the Account of Religion, War, Trade, or other Bufinefs, or if they have Done it out of a Pure Defign of Travelling, they have not been, before they Went, fufficiently Inftru^led and Qualify'd in the Knowledg of thofe Arts and Sci- ences, fuch as. Geography, Riftory, Languages, Re- ligions, Lav/s, Mathematicks, Architecture, Sculp- ture, Painting, &c. nor fitly Endowed with thofe Faculties, fuch as, a Sharp and Penetrating Sight, Conftancy and Patience in Obfervation, Gravity and Difcretion in judging, &c. which are abfolute- ly NecelTary to make One Travel and See Things to any Advantage, thofe Arts and Sciences being, as it were, fo many Lights, or Guides, Leading thefe Faculties to a Right Underftanding of Things,wlth- out Both, or Either of, which, a" Man may Travel ao much as he will, and See and Hear of as much as . ( a 4 ) he XX The PREFACE. he can, and Underftand but very Little for it all, or if they have been, before they Went, Inftrufted and Qualifv'd with thofe Arts and Sciences, and Endowed with thole Faculties, they have not been at Pains when they were Returned, to Give De- fcriptions and Accounts, of What they See and Knew, in aWay that's Full and Compleat, Particu- lar and Minute, Natural and Eafie, Clear and Ex- aft, fo as to Make Thiniis be right Underftood, and Give Perfons the Satisfaction they \^'■ant, or if they have been at Pains to Do fo as well as they could, they have not U nder flood that Way, nor the Ex- preilion Proper for that End, which is. Short, Pi- thy, Appofite, Siunificant, and well Pointed, a Par- ticular Dialect in all Languages, and but little Known by any Nation, unlefs it be the Italians and French : So that ftill there Seems to be Wanting One, who would iirf.;, before he Goes to Travel, Take Care to be Inftrafted and Qualify'd in the Knowledg of thole Arts and Sciences, and Endea- vour to Acquire thole Faculties, that are NeceiTary to Make him Travel and See Things to the Beft Ad- vantage, then Travel Largely himlelf, and be Care- ful to ::ee and Fiear of every Thing Remarkable, and Do fo out of a Pure Defign of Travelling, and of Oblerving and Uiiderltanding Antiquicies and other Curiofities, after war ds,when he Returns Home, En- deavour to Learn the Right Way of, and the Proper ExpreBion for. Giving Defcriptions and Accounts of What he has -'een and Knows, {"o as to Make Things be well Underftopd, and Give Perfons fome Sacisr;i£Hon, and laft of all have the Generofity to be at Pains to Give fach Defcriptions and Accounts, for the Satisfa«5lion and Benefit of the Reft of Man- kind, and to Do fo Defignedly and Purpofely, that Others may Enjoy for Nothing, or at a Small Charge, that Siuht and Knowledg of Things, which he has Acquir'd at Vail Charges, and by Going thorough Innu- ThQ PREFACE. xxi Innumerable Difficulties •, and as I have already- Done my Endeavour that Way in the One Part, of having Taken Care to be Inftrufted and Quality'd in thofe Arts and Sciences, and to Acquire thofe Facul- ties, as above, Travelled my Self a great Deal, and Seen and Heard of every Thing Remarkable, out of a Pure Defign of Doing fo, and Learn'd the Way of, and Rxpreflion for. Giving Defcriptions and Ac- counts of What I have ^een and Know, fo I Pro- pole to Do it likewife in the Other Part, of being at Pains to Give fuch Defcriptions and Accounts, De- fignedly, both by Teaching riva ^oce, as I Do dai- ly, and by Writing and Printing them, as I ihall Do f()metimes, provided I Meet with Suitable Encou- ragement, fo as to Make up the Want of Travelling and Knowing Things, as much as may be, to Thofe who have not Travelled and Known them them- felves,and to Supply them with the Next Beft,which is, a Geographical, Defcription and an Biftorical Account, here at Home, of what is to be Seen and Heard of thorough the World, Abroad, Accompa- ny 'd with the other Knowledges that Subferve to it, in a Full and Satisfying Manner, and to Begin, in my Writing, with the Levantine^ or Eaftern, Coun- tries, under the Dominion of the Turks, that are both the moii Curi.^us, and the moft Unknown, and confequently, the Defcriptions and Accounts of them will be the moft Acceptable. Accordingly, as when I Wc.s Abroad, I always Kept a Journal, oi What I See and Heard of Remarkable, in the Diffe- rent Courles of Travelling that I Made, and was Careful to Gather up Materials and Grounds, for Works of that Kind upon the Several Countries I was in, fo fince 1 Came Home, 1 have Prepar'd and Put them in Order, fo as they may be Ready for the Pre's in a Reafonable Time, and when a Favoura- ble Occafion Offers •, efpecially Thofe that Relate to a Work on thefe Levantine Countries, which is already kifi The PREFACE. already in fome Forwardnefjj, and will be Ready for the Prefs in a Short Time, provided I Meet with Encouragement tor it : 'Twill bear for Title, Thit Geography and Hifiory of Turkey, in Europe, Afia, A'fid Africa, or, A Defcription of What is to be SeetJy find. An Account of What Paffes, in Hungary, Greece, Turkey Proper, the Lejfer, Afia, Syria, Mefopota- mia, Paleftine, Arabia, Egypt, &c. and be Prin- ted by Subfcription, provided a Sufficient Numbet of Subfcribers do Come in- BESIDES my Own General Inclination, to Contribute what I am Able towards the Satisfaftion and Benefit of Others, by Communicating to them for Nothing, or at a Small Charge, what I have Painfully, and at Great Charges, Acquired, I have been Prompted to this Particular Way of Doing, by feveral Perfons of Great both Quality and Learn- jjig, who are my Friends, and have Heard, fmce I Came Home, the Defer iptions and Accounts of What is to be Seen and Known, Abroad, that I Give, and are Pleas'd to Think them more Full and Particular, more ExaO: and Natural, more Clear iind Satisfying, than Any that have been hitherto Gi- ven by Other Authors, and therefore to Defire that i fhould Write and Print, and Begin with thofe Le- 'pa?2tine Countries, that are the moft Curious and Unknown '■) I have Anfwer'd them, That I am both Able and Willing to Do fo, but being a Work of Great Confequence, as to the Time, Pains, and Charge that It will Demand, I can't Pretend to Go thorough with it,unlefs I were Encourag'd from the Publickby a Handfom Subfcription ^ and they have Told me, that tho' they be well Satisfy 'd with my Abilities,and are Ready to Help torwardfuch a Sub- fcription, yet before 1 can Expeft that a Handfom Subfcription, for fuch a Work,ihould Go heartily on among the Publickjwho don't Know me, I muft firll Fall rhc PREFACE. xxiii Fall upon fome Way to Make it Appear Publickly to all, that I am really Capable of Doing Something, of that Kind, beyond what Others have as yet Done, becaufe People may Reafonably Think, that, there beint, lb many Works, of that Kind, and up- on the Same Countries, already Done, by feveral Good Men, ot almoft all Nations, both Ancient and • Modern, particularly, the Jews^ GrecianSyRotnatis, Ita- lians, and French, in their feveral Languages, and Tranflated into our Own, there is no Need for any More of them^ unlefs they were Done fo as to Excel Thofe that are Done already : Wherefore, to the End that the World may Know, what they have to Ex- ped: from me, and what they are to Subfcribe for, to Encourage me, onThis and other Occafions, Lhave,in the Firft Place, made Choice of a moft Learned Sub- je(?l:, the Sevulchers of the Antients^ and their Monu" ments, the Hardeft and moft Difficult, as well as the moft Curious and Unknown, that One could Think of, being the Firft and Original Produftions of Art, that Ly Hid in the Dark RecefTes of Obfcure Times, and upon which never Any hitherto, fo far as we Know, either among the Ancients or Moderns, has Attempt'd dlreftly to Write, Writ a Trea- tife on it as well as I am Able, and Printed it Now at my Own Charge, to Shew a Little of what I Know and Can Do that Way, and to the End it may Serve as a Specinen, or ElTay, a Fore-Runner, or Introduftion, ot all my other Works, or Undertakings, of that Kind, by which People may Know me a Little, and have Some Guefs of my Abilities, in any Thing 1 fhall Pre- tend to Doafterwards. As thisiscertainly avery Fair and Honeft Way of Dealing with the Publick, fo I Hope twill likewife Prove the molt Eife^lualand Ad- vantagious '-, and as I Exped, and Allow on't, that the World will Judg of my Other Works that are to Come after, by my Performance of this Prefent Trea- tife, fo howwelli have Perform'd it, ihall Depend on the Judgment of the Learned and Judicious Readers, ^o which 1 entirely Submit my Self. I xxlv The PREFACE. I fliall only Say this much to Vindicate it, and to Obviate what Obje^Hons may be Made acjainft it : That Firfl, as to the Matter, 'tis Entirely, or Moftlv, my Own, Taken from my Own Sight and Knowledg of Things, as I Obferv'd them upon the Places where they are, and Mark'd them down in the lournal which 1 have always Kept, and c^n- fequently, tlie Goodnefs and Truth of my Defcrip- tions and Accounts depends Altogether, or Much, upon mv Own Credit and Authority, which Some People perhaps may Think not Sufficient •■, but as it w not Likelv I fhould be Deceived my felf, in Things that I haveO^lerv'd fo Curiouily, and Mark'd down fo Carefully, fo neither is it my Intention to Deceive Others, in Defcrii^ing and Giving Accounts of them, but to Do it as juftly and Exactly as ever 1 can, ac- cording to what I have Obferv'd, and Marked down, as True \ to Make which Good, I Adduce frequent- ly the Credit and Authority of Others, Travellers and Antiquaries , Sacred and Profane, Geogra- phers and Jrliftorians , Ancient and Modern, of whom Some are unqueftionably Sufficient, tho' the Reft be but queftionablv fo, or Indif- ferent, and Arguments Drawn from Senfe and Reafon, and the Nature and Art of Things, which are likewife Sufficient, if well Drawn, and am at Pains to Mnke a luft Diftinction, betwixt what is Certainly True or Falfe, and what is but Probably, or Doubtfully, fo, with the feveral Degrees of the Probability, or Doubtflilnefs, thereof: What is Certain, whether it be from mv Own Sight and Knowledg, or fromThat of Others, who are Suffi- cient, or from Senfe and Reafon, or the Nature and Art of Things, 1 Say is fo •, what is but Pro- bable, or Doubtful, and how much or how little it is, I Give out to be no rnore than fo ^ and I En- deavour to Make all Appear, by Reducing it to Thofe Standards. Secondly, the Method is not lb much Geographical and Hiftorical, as Dodrinai and Ar- The PREFJCE, xxv Artificial, or Synthetical and Analytical, that is,' Compounding, or Derivinu, Things, from their Origine, or Firft Principles, into what they are "Now at this Day, andRefolving, or Tracing, them, from what they are Kow, into their Origine, or Principles, to the End thev may be thoroughly and and perfectly Underftood, with all the Changes and Alterations that have Befain them from tl.e Beginning of the World to this Prefent Time, their Nature and Art mav be fuUv Comprehended, with the Progrefs and Advancement they have Made, and the feveral Degrees of Imperfection, or Perfedi- on, they have Gone thorough, or Arrivd at, in Different Times- 'Tis Divided into Two Parts : The Firft Comprehending Accounts and F^eicriptions, of the Sepulchersof the Antients, and their Monuments that are in Afia, and the becond Thole of Thele in Africa] with a Continuation, Comprehending; Thofe of Some in both thefe Continents, and in Europe: T he Whole Beginning, near the Creation of the World with the Sepulcher Said to have been That of Abel the Juft, Continuing to Thofe of the Fharoahs, and their Pyramids, Ending, near the DeftruClion of JeruCalemy with That which certainly has been Our Lord J Eii U S C ri R 1ST s, and Interfpers'd with feveral Geographical and Hiftorical Remarks, upon the Places and Perfons in thofe Countries and Tirnes, veryUfeful, and NecefTary to be Known, and fo much the more Curious,becaufe not to be Found any Where elfe, particularly Some that may Serve for the llluftration of feveral PafTages in the Bible, which are not eafily Underftood ^ for, as Nothing Contributes fo much, to Make One Underliand right the Antiquities of thofe Countries, as the Reading of that moft Excellent Book, fo, Hce Verfa, there's Nothing Serves One fo much, in the Right \J nderftanding of thefe Holy Scriptures, efpe- cialty the Geographical and Hiftorical Part of them, as the Knowledg of thofe Antiquities, Taken from Thefe xiivi The PREFACE. Thefe who have Travelfd in thole Countries, and Seen Things, themfelves, upon the Places where they are, to any Advantage. And Laftly, as for the Expreflion, 'tis juft that Short, Pithy, Appo- fite, Significant, and well Pointed, Way of Wri- ting, which is Proper for Subjeds of this Kind, a Particular Dialed in all Languages, and but little Known by any Nation, unlefs it be the Italians and French, who Ule it commonly : I have Added This, of my Own, to their Way, that where-ever 1 Ufe a Word, that is not commonly Underilood, I immediately Subjoin the Explication on't, in a Word more Common, for the Sake of the Meaner Sort of Readers, and to the End that thisTreatife may be Ufeful to all Sorts of People, the Unlearned as well as the Learned,Thofe who have notTravell'd as well as Thnfe who have, Thole who Under- iland Antiquities as well as Thofe who don't, and Ladies as well as Gentlemen : So that, if any Body Says, I don't Write Good Englifh, their Objedion is Unjull and Unrealbnable, in fb much as my Subjeft won't Allow me to Write Fine, in any Lan- guage whatfoever, but Obliges me to a Lively and Effeftual Way ExpreiTmg Things, rather than an Infignificant Joining together of Words, upon all Occafionsi befides, tho' I had a Mind to Write well in Englifh, 'tisa Queftion if I, or any Man, could Do it fo, as not to be Condemn'd by Some, in a Language fo Changeable and hiconftant, fo Wavering and Uncertain, Eilablifh'd upon no Foot, but Lyable to the Caprice of every Scribler, v/hich is much to be Lamented, being of it felf Capable of the Greateft Perfection, and of Making, if Taken Care of. One of the Greateft Glories of this Nation. In Fine, I have Done this Treatife, in every Refped, as well as I Can, and I Propofe to Do my Other Works the fame Way : If they Pleafe, 'tis well j if they don't, I can't Help it. PRO- PROPOSALS FOR PRINTING, B Y SUBSCRIPTION, A WORK, Entiturd, The Geography and Htflory of Turkey y in Europe^ Afia^ and Africa^ or, A De- fcription of What is to be Seen, and An Account of What Pafles, in Hun-- garyy Greece^ Turkey Proper, the Lef- fer A^a^ Syria^ Mefopotamia^ Pale- fiincy Arabia^ ^S,)?^-) ^^' with Maps, Plans, and Other Figures, in Cop- per- Plate, for the Better Underftand- of Countries, Towns, and Other Things, Mentioned. I. npH£ IVork willConfifi of ab(yve Five \ Hundred Sheet Sy and be Printed in Two Great Volumes in Folio, on Fine Paper, in 4 Fair dhara^ert the Copper-Plates handfomlj Grav'dy Grdv^dy 4nd no more Copes Printfd thAH Subm f crib' d for, I J II. The Price will be Five Guineas for each Copy in Quires^ the One HaIj to be Paid at Suhfcr things the Other at the Delivery of the Work Compleatf III. There will be Some Copies Printed om Royal Paper, for Thole who Subfcribe for them^ at a Double Price, to be Paid the Sa^te JVay, IV. The Subfcribers Names will be Printed at the Beginning (f the Firfl Volume, and the Copper Plates Injcrib^d to Thoje who Encourage the Work extraordinarily, tn Conftderation of the Great Pains and Charge the Author has been 4/, in Gathering up Materials for it, when he was Abroad, and Putting them in Order, fince he Came home. V. The Work is in fuch Forwardnefs, that the Firjl Volume will he Ready for the Prefs, in a Short^Ttme after a. Sufficient Number of Sabfcri' hers are Come m, Subfcriptions arc Taken in, by the Author, at St. y^A/i^i's, Wtll% the Grecian, and Garrawafs, Coffee- Houfes ; and Thofe who have a Mind to Subfcribe, are De- y, fired to Come in Soon. . ^^ lU eN^ A N ACCOUNT O F T H E Sepulghers of the Antientsj A N D A DESCRIPIMON OF THEIR MONUMENTS. F R O xM THE Creation of the WORLD, to the Building of the PYRAMIDS, and froin Thence to the Deftruftioa of JERUSALEM. The Firft P A R T : Comprehending Thoje thxt are in ASIA. TH E Fir ft and moft Ancient Pieces of Architechire, or Building;, and Sculpture, or 6tone-Cuttin£];, in the World, are Sub- terrany Works, or Works under Ground, that is, Grots, or Caves ^ Some of thern being An- tediluvian, or of die Times before the Flood/Don« B by % Jn Account of the Sepulchers by <*Adam and his Children, who were Urp'd to it by Nature and NecefTity , the Others, Poftdilurian, or of the Times after the Flood, Made by Naah- and his Pofteritv , efpecially the Patriarchs and Pharaohs : For the hivention having been Retiun by cy^dam^ 'twas Continued by l^ah. Improved by the Patriarchs , and Perfected by the 'Pharaohs -^ the Ferfians, Grecians^ Romans, and other Nations, did but Imitate the Models, or Examples, they had Seen, particularly Thofe of £^vpf and Paleftinc. There are Two Sorts f»f Ancient Grots, or Caves : Great, that were Dwelling Places for the Living, and Small, Burial-Places for the Dead \ the One Served as Sepulchers,the Other as Houfes : And Both are either Sin,i;le, or Double •, the Firft confilting of one Grot, and no more, the Second being; a Com- plication.j or Connexion, of feveral Grots, one within another, the Outter Serving as Ante-Grots, or Ante-Chambers, to the Inner : All either Cut out of Rock, where there was any, in Mountains or Hills, above Ground, or in Valleys or Plains, below -it, or Dug out of the E-arth, where there was no Rock, in Hills, above Ground, or in Plains, under it, and Encrufted, that is, Lin'd, or not, with Brick, or Stone. In the Great Grots, that were Houfes for the Living , there's but Little Remarkable : They are Cut, or Dug, out Roughly and Irregularh'-, in a Manner, and to Dimenfions, likewife Irregular and Uncertain, being fometimes Square, frmetimes Oblong, and fometimes Round, having their Floor Plain, their Sides Perpendicular, and their Roof Arch'd^ Accommodated with Seats along the Side«, Supported with Pillars in the Middle, and Separated ^vith Walls from owq another, the Whole either, iNaturaily, of Rock, or the Earth, Uncut, or Un- dug, out, or, Artificially, of Brick, or Stone- Work-, and Lighted from Without,both by DoorSjOr Entries, on 0/ /^e A N T I E N T S. I on feveral Sides, and Windows, or Tonne^s, in feveral Places, Practised, or Contriv'd, thorough the ThK-kueiS, or Soliditv, of the Mountains or Rills, the Valleys or Plains, in which they are Made: Some of them being To Larje and Spacious, fo Nu- merous and Con^pHcated, and Turiin^ and Winding to and aiiain, up and down, fo far, rs to be Capa- ble to Contain Ibme Thoufands of People, and to Prove Dangerous Labyrinths tor a Few Travellers to Venture too far into, left perhaps thev Should never Find the Way out again. As for the Small Grots that were Scpulchers for the Dead, there's a Great Deal in and abcut them, very Remarkable, and high- ly Curious •, which is the Subjeit of the following Difcourfe. There are likewife Two Sorts of Ancient Se- pulchers, or Grots for the Dead : Single, that were Done for one Single Perfon, and Double, Made for a Family of Perfons :, the Firft being only one Small Grot, having its Door, or Entrance, immediately from the Field, the Second confifting of one, or more. Greater Grots, and feveral Small Ones run- ning off on the Sides, and having their Entrance from the Greater Ones, which only Serve as Ante- Grots, or Ante-Chambers, to the Others, the Small Ones alone being the Scpulchers, or Burial-Places, particularly, where the Dead Bodies of the Antients were, feparately, Laid, till the Invention of Sepul- chral Vales, that is, Tumbs and Urns, which, ha- ving Bodies Inclos'd, were likewife Plac'd, gene- rally and together, in the Greater Ones • All eidier Cut out of Rock, where there was any, or Dug out of the Earth, where there was no Rock, and^ En- crufted, or Lin\l, with Stone, in Mountains or Hills, in Valleys or Plains, above or under Ground, and Accompany M, or not, with Sepulchral Monu- ments, that is, Obelisks and Pyramids, over chem, B 2 of J 'An Account of the S e ptj i. c h E R s the fame Rock, where there was on't, or where 'twas Wanting, of Stone. But becaufe there is fo much in and about thefe Sepulchers of the Antients , that's both very Re- markable and highly Curious, and lb much the more, becaufe the Knowledge of them is entirely Wanted among Men, it being a Subjecl that never any, ei- ther among the Antients, or among the Moderns, fo far as I know, has Attempted to Write upon, and 'tis fo Kard a Matter to Trace out a True Knowledge of Things, of which Seme lye Hid in the Dark RecefTes of Obfcure Times, the Bell W'ay to Give an Exa(^l: Account of them, and to Do it in a Satisfying Order, will be to Diftinguifh them,r whether Single or Double Ones, ( elpecially Thole' of Obfcure Antiquity, tliat is, of the Times be- fore zJ^fofcs, which are not otherwife well Known,) by the Difference in their Dimenfions, (particular- ly in Thofe of the Small Grots, which are Regular" and Certain, and which only were the Sepulchers of thefe Antients, Thofe of the Greater Ones being not Remarkable and Uncertain, and only Serv'd as Ante-Chambers to thefe Others, ) efpecially their Length, which, according to the Beft Antiquaries, whether Ancient or Modern, certainly Shews their Difference in Age, die Greatell in Length being al- ways Reckon'd of the Greateft Age. THE Firfl then, and the rnoft Ancient Sepul- chers in the World, fofar as I Know it, are Some of Thofe that are to be Seennear Damafcm mSyria^\i\ the Mountains of Herman and Lihantu, and not Far from Jerufalem in Talefiine, in the Valleys of Ra- f h aim ?m., in a Valley, upon the Ea(t fide die Baradaji, anciently, ChryforrhoA<^ and Originally, Jbanah and Pharph.'ir, according to the Author of th6 Books of Kiu^s, and at the Beginning of the Mouq- tains of He/mon, Eleven * Miles from the Town, towards the South^EaJ}, Seven from the River, to- wards the Eafl, and juft as One Enters the Moun- tains, on the IVefl-^ being a Grot Single, or one Small Grot, for one Single Perfon, Cut out of Rock, at tha Foot of a Hill, above Ground, both the.^'epulchei*. and its Entry, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfion as Above ^ hard by the Field, where 'tis liJiewife Said that z^^fbel was Kilfd by his Brother Cain, and where they both Dwelt, with their Father and Alo- B 4 ther. * Nciie^ That the Miles here Meant are, the Tmkijb^ and Zm/wtj Miles, which are ne2i £^ual tu'vhc En^UJh, 8 Jn Account of the Sepulchers ther, and Sacrific'd. 'Tis Certain there is liich a Sepulcher in that Place, for I have Seen it; and 'twill not feem fo Improbable that it hasbeen Done for Ahd^ if we Conjfcder well the Defcriptions A/yf^^-, and the other Holv Writers, Gives of Places, and their Accounts of Things, and Compare them with what is to be Seen, and Heard of, in thofe Eajfem 'Countries, particularly about DamafcM, to this Dav ", for if ws Do fo, we fhall Find, at lealt as I Think, That by Edc^!, which, in the Original Lan- ^ages, is to fax', Tleafant, is Meant, the U hole Sur- face o? the Land-Part of the Terraqueous Globe, j)articu4arlv, where 'tis Watered with the Rivers, {jorcreSy N'dviS, TyZ'''^^-) ^^^ Euvhrates^ it being there tiae Flea fa nteft Country upon the Pace of the Earthy and by the Garden in Eden^ the Field of Biimafcm^ that is, a Field of Red Earth, it being fo there, ("the Town taking its Name from the Rednefs of the Earth, ) and the Pleafanteil: Spot of Ground in the World, where Ad.wi was Form'd, ( being like- wife fo Nam'd from the Rednefs of the Earth, of the Slime of which he was Made, the Words, D.%m^ cr Dam.^^ and Adam^ or Adama^ figni lying. Red Earth, ) and a Garden Planted, of which he was Kiade Keeper, and afterwards, becaufe of his Fall- ing u'om Ivs Primitive Reftitude, to follow his Own Crooked inver.tioriS, Turnd out, at the Side to- wards the £4/r, as Aicfes expreliy Says, where the M(^unti!ins Hermon are , clnd where Probably he Gon*:inued to Live, till that Accident happened in his Family, after which, having Buried his one Son there, hard by the Place where he had been Kilfd, he and his Wife went a Travelling South- wnrdsj to the Valleys of Hebron, according to the Author of the Book of J^fiiua, and iliQ Interpreta- tion of St. Jerj'rne thereupon, as his other Son did a W^andoring towards; the Nrrth-Eafi, among the |\j9unt^ins Libanin^ as Mofei hirafelf like wife Tells Of the Ai^T I E NT s] 9 ^ us. There's, upon the Top of die Hill, under which the Sepulcher is, a Temple, which was Anciently, and Oriy;inallv, a Chriftian Church, hut is Now Converted into a T; fo tJiat This is cer- ctinly the moft Reafonable Conje^lure that Men can Make about fuch a Doubtful Matter : Only Jofephus is of a Different Opinion, and will have the V^alleys of Hebron to be the Pbce, where all thofe Things Happe;:ed, and where there is indeed a Little D^- mafcen Field, that is, a Field of Red Earth, but nothing elie to make his Opinion Good ;, for I have Seen both thofe Places, Confider'd .all that's in or about them, Gompar'd it with what' is Said by thofe Anti* Of the A N T 1 E N T .< I? Antients, nnd Found the Tradition of the Damaf- Cfris, and other Sxriansy to be by far the molt Rea- f mb'e Conjecture ; As for what Jufefbus lays, there's bat Little Regard to be had to it -, for tho' he was a Good liiftoriim, he Knew very Little of Antiquitv, bein^; erofiy Miftaken in almoft every Thmu; of that Kind i and 'tis not that I Say fo, but it raanifeitiy Appears from This, that he Contra- dicts ;t Ancient of all, he being the Second i\Ian that Sutfer'd Death,and wanted a Burial-Place ^ to be Seen a Great Way from Damajcus, in Phenida, a Part of S\ri «, in ValW, near the Coaft of the Mediter- ranean, anciently, the Great Sea, at the Back of the Mountains Carmcl, a Branch of Thofe of Libiwusy and not far from N^tzareth in Talejtine^ a Hundred and Twenty Five Miles from the Firft of thefe Towns, towards the Sc«r/;-irf/?-, Thirteen fi'om the Second, towards the] rr/?-. Five from the Sea, to- wardr. the Eafl, and juft behind the Mountains, to- wards the Same : 'Tis a Grot Double, or a Greater Cirot, for a Family of Ferfons, of one Ante-Grot, or Ante-Chamber, and Three Small Grots, or Se- pulchers, One on each Inner Side, Cut out of Rock, at the Foot ot a Hill, above Ground, both the Se- pulchers and their Entries, as well as the Ante- Grot, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as Above, hard by the Field, where 'tis likewife laid that Cain was Killed, through a Miftake at Hunting, by his Great Grandfon Lamech, ^st^jMofes Relates, and where they Both were then Settled, and Liv'd. 1 is Certain there is fuch a Sepulcher, for I have § if it be not that, becaufe, as Aiofcs fays, Abraham made Choice, of the Laft, and was fo Fohtive to Bave it, and to Flave it in Proper to himfelf, we have Ibm.e Ground toPrefume, that he was fo, becaulehe Knew it had Belonged to his Firlt Fatiier^t/W.i»;. 'fisTrue, there ar<5 fome Antiquaries and Fathers, who v/ill hav(j Ad/ttn i 4 An Account of the S £ p u l c H E R s Adam to have Liv'd in the T,and of Aforiah, where JeruCalem ftands, to have Dy'd on the Top of Mount Calvary, where our Saviour wssCrjcify'd, and to have been Buried at the Foot on't, hird by where our Saviour was Laid •, but I have very much -een, and curlouriy Obferv'd, all thit's in and about th;it Mount, and could Find aot^hiniz that Look'd like ha- ving been a Sepulcher, either D ^uble or Single, for jidam, or for anv Other of his Time •-, io that there beinij; no Good Ground that I Know of, for that O- pinion, neither from Sitcred Authors, nor Others, I Judge it to be only a Conjedbjre of Thole, who Love nlways to Guels at Thini;s lb as to make them Serve their Religious Turn. There are feveral other Sepulchers, of the fame Kind, both Single and Dcuible, that I have Seen a- bout Jerufalemy m the Valleys ot'J^aphaim and Hebroriy and the other Places 1 have Mentioned ^ but becaufe they are not Remarked in liiltory, fo far as 1 Know, nor taken Notice of by any Antiquary, either Sacred or Profane, it not being Known for whom they have been Done, I can Give no further Account of them : Befides, tho' they were Known, 'twould not be- Keedful to Infifl: longer upon them, becaufe they are all Like unto Thofe i have already Defer ib'd. THE Second, and next Ancient Sepulchers in the World, are Some of Thofe that are to be Seen a- mong the Mountains of Armenui, in tlie Plains of Mefopotamiay upon the Banks of the Eufhrates and Tygrisy and near the Ruins of Babylon and Nlnivch : They are Grots, {(>me Single and llime Double, Cut out of Rock, where there is on't, in the Mountains or Hills, and in the Valleys or Plains, fome above, and Ibme under Ground, the Sepulchers, or fraall Grots, to the Regular and Certain Dimenfionsof Eight Foot Long, Six Foot Broad, and Six Foot High, their Doors, or Entries) Cut out the fame Way, and upon the Of the A N T 1 E N T s. 15 tlie fume Level, to Thofe of Four Foot Long, Throe . Foot Broad, and Three Foot tli^h, the Dimenfions. of the Entries bein^ juft Half of Thofe of the Se- pulchers •, the Greater Grots, or Ante -Grots, or An- te-Chambers to the bepulcheis, in the Double Ones^ with their Doors, are like wife Cut out the iiime Way, upon the fame, or a dilterent, and Level, ac^ cording as the Ground would Allow, but their Di- menfions are not Remarkable, and Uncertain, being fometimes More, and ibmetimes Lets- Within the Sepulchers, on the Right as one linters, there's al- ways a Levee, or Bank, like a Table, or ieat. Occu- pying the Whole Lenuthof thei)epulcher, that is. Eight Foot, the Half of the Breadth, that is. Three, and being a Foot and a Half High, not Artilicial, of Stone- Work, but >iatural, being lb much of Rock Uncut out, defign'd as a Couch or Bed, for the Dead Body to be Laid on \ and as This is on the Right, Occupying the one Half of the Breadth of theSe- pulcher, fo the Entry, or Door, it felf is on the Lefc, Taking up the other Half: There is alio a Levee, or Bank, of the fame Kind, in the Ante-Grots, or Ante-Chambers of the Double Sepulchers, that Reigns, or Continues, around them on all Sides, but its Demenfions are alfo Uncertain •, and as This is on all Sides of thele Ante^Grots, fo their Entry is for the moft part in the Middle of the Gutter Side, towards the Field, of Dimenfions alfo Uncertain, whereas on the Inner Sides, towards the Mountain or Hill, the Valley or Plain, are the Doors of the Sepulchers Running otf- And ail thofe Grots, whe- ther Single or Double, whether Sepulchers, Ante- Chambers, or Entries, are Cut out of Rock, by the Stroke of a Chizzel, upon tlie fame, or a different, Level, with one another, or with the Field, fo as neverthelels to have their Floor Plain, their Sides Perpendicular, and their Roof Arch'd.-, die Arch- ing being Pradisd, or Contriv'd, in the Uppermoft Third i6 An Account of the S E p u L c H E R s Third Part of the Height ^ the Whole roughly and unevenly Done, and not Accompany 'd with Motiuments, the Invention of them not being; then known : Except the Doors of the Sepulchers,\vhich are fomething Smoother than the Relt, and Square every vi^ay, not Arch'd, fo as to be Cnpable of ha- ving been Shut up with Stones/of equal Dimenlions, Some of which are ftill to be Seen liard by *, but the Entries to the Ante-Grots, are both fo Rough and ib Irregular, in Difpofition as well as in Dimenfion, that it is not Probable they have ever besn Shut up. Thefe are certainly the Sepulchers in the \^^orld, the next Great in Length to Thofe I Defcrib'd before, and confequently of the next Great Age. They are jnoitly to be found in the Places above Mentioned, which are in Diiferent Countries, at a Good Diftance from one another ^ where are alfo feveral other Se- pulchers, but of Different Kinds, being better Done, and confequently, of Different Times, tvhen Arts have been better Underftood ; whereas Thole I have laft Defcrib'd, in whatever Place they be, are €onftantly of the fame Kind, their Manner and Difpofition, their Figure and Dimenlion, the Same, and Seem to have been Done by Hands that, tho' in different Countries, and on different Occafions, at a Good diftance from one another, always Wrought the fame Rough and Plain way, Crying out the Rudeneis and Simplicity of the Workmen, and con- fequently, they Appear to be all of the fame Time, when Arts have been Beginning to be Underftood ^ and as for the Reafons I have Given, I am of Opinio on, that Thofe I Defcrib'd before may be Antedilu- vian, or of the Times before the Flood, fo Thele I have Defcrib'd laft, I reckon Poftdiluvian, or of the Times after the Flood, and to be the Firft and moft Ancient of thofe Times. Theres Of the An riEi^T^l 17 There's Oits of them that's Said even to have been the Sepulcher of "ISIjah •, which, if Co, is then the very Firft and rrioft Ancient of them all, he being the Firrt, among Men, that Died after the Flood, and had Occafion to be Buried : *Tis to be Seen at N.tkfivan, in Armenia, in a VaUey, at the Foot of that Part of the iVIduntains Gor^^/, which is commonly Said to be Ararat, Nine Miles from the Rifui^ of that very Mountain, where they Say the Ark Relied, towards the Eaft, being a Grot S:n_;le, or one Small Grbt^ for one Single Perfon, Cut out of Rock, at the Bottom of a Hill, in the Mid- dle of the Town, above Ground, both the Sepul- cher and its Entry, in the Manner, and to the Di- menfions, as Above, hard by the Place, where 'tis like wife Said, that Noah Liv'd the reft of his Days after the Flood, and Dv'd, and where he Built his Altar, and Sacrificed. There's Another, of the Same Kind, that's alfo Said to have been Noahh Wife s Se- gulcher ; which, if fo, is then the Second and moft Ancient of them all, ihe being the Second Pe Ton that Dv'd after the Flood, and Wanted to be Buri- ed : 'lis iitMdram, m Media, in a Plain, upon the South fide the Araxis, Forty Five Miles from Nakfi- vAn, towards the Enlv ; being a Grot Single, Cut out of Rock, ar the Foot of a Height, in the Middle of the Town, under Ground, both Sepulcher and Entry, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as A- bove, hard by the Pi:ice, where 'tis likewileSuid, that Ao^j'/sWifeRetir'd, after her Husband's D^ath, and where ilio xMourn'd for the Lofs of him the Reft of -her Do. vs. ' fis certain there are fuch Sepulchers in tho'.l- Places, for tho' 1 have not Seen them, never having Pafs d that Way, yet I have been inform'd of them by Others, both Chriftlans and Mahumetam, of Good Credit, who have both Seen and ObfervM them •, but whether they have been Done for No^h and his W^ife is a Great Queftion, a^d fo Doubtfiil C th:.!- 1 8 An Account of the Sepulchers tHa»^ cnnilot Determine it, tho"" I have Heard all ^ the Reafons that are Alledg'd either for or againft it. ' 'Twouid only be Probable, if the Keicbourhood of tlie Mountains Arxrxt were Ce 'tain •, but even That is a Queftlon :- For thn' it be .the Common Opinion among Geographers, Historians,' Travellers, Anti- quaries, and the Liice,brth An:ient and M''>dern,5f- r.-),r«^, Jofe^hus^ PrvlTmy^ Olearins^ Bochart, and Others, being Pofitively for it,, and tho' the People of thofe CountrieSjboth the Georcrjan arjd Armenian Chv\iMa.ns,y and the Turk.'jh and Pe-'Jiw Mahumetans, have alwavs had a Conftant Tradition among them to that Pur- poie, and a great Veneration for thofe Places upon that Account, as Appears- by their Names, both Chriftian and Mahumctan^ Importing the Conftancy of the Tradition, and bv the Number of Churches^ hoth Georgian ^\-\6^ Armenian, and- of Mofques, or Mahumetan Temples, both Titrkijlj and Pcrfiany there-; ab-^uf-Sp Shewing forth the Greatnefsof Veneratiorr for chem, vet St. Jerome is of another Mind, and Reckons theM :>untain'^/^>^r.if to have been that Part of Thofe ot 'Taurus, which Runs along, between the Buphydtes and Ty^m, tov/ards the Eaji- and iVefiy and between Armenia and Mefpotamia, towards the ^.rth and South, and the Place where the Ark Refted, the Mountain ^/,i/i:/:f, theKi.:heft of the Taurus there, at the Foot of which Rifes the River Alchahour, anciently Araxis, running South, where, if fo, 'tis Probable' '?(oa!j and his Wife Liv'd the Reft of their Days after the Flood, and Built the Yown, Sagalbina, Mentioned by 'Berofus, where they Died, and were Buried, though for Want of a Due Knowledg of the Antiquities thereabouts, tve can't Condefcend upon any Thing Particular to Document it ; however, the Authority of St. Jerome is, with me. Enough to Balfance That of Thofe other Authors, tor I have Read both Him and Them, and Conlider'd all they Say on the Point 0/ //&«? A N T I E N T S. 19 Point of Travels and Antiquities, efpecially ThofS which are Sacred, and Compared it with the Things themfelves upon the very Places where thev are, and Found St. 'Jerome fo often Ri^^ht, and thofe Others fo frequently Wronp;, that I caimot but have a Pro- found Refpeft for whatever he ^avs of that Kind, and Prefer his Opinion, as aTraveller and Antiquary, before That of all Others, except ('Ji'/ofes and the other Holy Writers, who are Silent as to this Mat- ter. There are Three of thofe f.epulchers that are not Remarked m Hiftory, Co that 'tis not Known for whom they have been Done : They are to be Seen near Ourfa^ anciently, Ede(f,t (oriu;inally, Ar.tchy according to St. Ifidore, which ^jkofes Says was Built by Nemrody and perhaps, the S^gilbina that Noah is Said by 'Berofus to have Built immediately after the Flood, ) i;i MefopotamUj in the Valleys of the Mountains Nemrod, a Branch of Thofe of Taw rus, upon the IVcfi -ide the Alchnhour^ ancient'7, Araxlsy a Branch of the Euphrates^ Thirty Seven Miles below where it Rifes, at the Foot of the Mountain Mafus, towards the Soar/?, Three Quar- ters of a Mile from the Town, towards the South" Lajly Two Miles and a Pi a If from the River, to- wards the South-Weft, and a Hundred and Twenty above where it Falls into the Euphrates at Alchahoufy towards the North ^ being Grots Double, or Greater Grots, for a Family of Perfons, of one Ante-Grot, or Ante-Chamber, Each, and Three Small Grots, or Sepulchers, One on each Inner Side, in One, Six, Two on each Inner Side, in Another, and Nine, Three on each Side, in the Third, all Cut out of Rock, at tlie Bottom of inlls, above Ground, h.ird by one another, b-oth the Sepulchers and their Entries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as Above. 'Tis Certain there are fuch Sepulchers in that Place, for I have C I ^een ^i J/tJccoufit of the SEVVitcnEKS Seen them ; but for v/hom they have been riorie* is Uncertain : If St. Jerome^s Opinion of the Neigh- " bourhood of the Mountains Ararat be True, and Oiirfa be, originally, Arach^ r,s St- Ifdore Says, or - the Sa^alhina th^t 'Berofus Mentions, as 1 Thinkj' *tis Probable they have been Done for Noah and'^ his Family. The Tradition among the People of that Countr\' is againft St. Jerome , P.eckoning the' Mountains Ararat to be a Part of Thofe of Gordes, accordinp; to the Ccmraon Opinion •, but 'tis pofi-' tively for St. Ifdore, no body there Doubting but that Our fa was. Originally, One of the Four Towns Said by zyHofes to have been Built by Nemrod, and, particularly, Arach, the Second of them, that Nemrod Dwelt upon the Top of a Mountain hard by, commonly Call d, for that Reafon, Nemrod s •Throne, and that the other Mountains thereabouts have, iji all Tiroes, for the Same Reaf -tn, been con- {Inntly Named the Same Way : As for Ourfa'^s be- ing, originally, the Sagdhirta Spoke of by IBcroficr^ tis only a Conjedure of mine, Rais^'d upon no Ground, and, confequentlv, not to be Regarded •, for tho' Others, ^s^eW-.is'BcrofuSy make Mention ot luchaTown, Built by iVi;^^, immediately after the Fteod, upon the Banks of the Araxisy yet None can Tell where it has been, whether in Aiefo- potamia or Armenia. There are other Three Sepulchers, of the Same Kind, like wife Unknown in Hiftory, to be Seeii hard bv Nifiblrij (origiiially, Achady according to St. Ifldore, which t. Ifidore Says be True, yet, there being no Tradition in the Country, nor any Thing elfe, to Accompany it, 'tis not Ground e- nough to Raife a Conjecture upon: Thejervs have a Great Veneration for C^ne of them, as being the Burial-Place of the Prophet SUjha ^ but they are Wrona; ;, for the Author of the Books of Kinos Says expreily, that S'Ujlut was Buried at Samaria^ in Tnlefi-ine, where he Died. There's One of thofe Sepulchers, that's common- ly Said to have been Done by j4rphaxad, for his Father Sfw, himfelf, and their Family ^ which, if lb, is then One of the Firft and moll Ancent, of thofe Times, they being among the Firft that Died, after the Flood, and Wanted to be Buried : 'Tis to be Seen not far from B^^dud, anciently, 6V- hucia, (originally, Chain, according to ':>t. Ifidore ^ 'Another of thole Towns which aJ'Hofes Says were Built by Nemrod,') in Guddea,- in a Valley, upx)n the E.-.fi Side the Tygris, and the Weft of the CbA- hour, or Kehur J One of its Branche'j, Thirty Miles from the Town, towards the South-EaJ}, Twenty Five from the Firft River, towards the Eafi; Jrialf a Mile from the S.econd, towards the iVefiy Tjjree « "Miles below wheyep it Riles at the Foot of a Kidtr, ^3 or '9t An Account of f ^? S f. p n l c h e ti 5 or Traft, of Mountains that Mnke the Frontier of Perjlt^ t(^wards the S uth, and Thirty above where it T nils into the TMfris below Cts, in the Marnier, and to the Dimenfions, as Above, hard by the Place, where 'tis likewile Said, that y^j^p/j^Af/ij^ Built a Town, CalVd by his ■Kame, and I,ived, with his Father, and Children, till he Died. 'Tis Certain there is fuch a Sepul- dierin that Place, for I have Seen it ', and 'tis not Imprnbpb'e it has been Done by or for Arphax ad, ' he being the Firft, after the Flood, according to 'Jofep'ms, who Pafs'd the Tygris, with his Family, to Inhabit the Country on the other Side, which 'thereupon, as well as the Town that he Built, was then Caird by h-s Name : Rut th'dt Sem has been . Buried there, is verv V ncerta-'n :;, for, befides the Tradition or the People of th:!t Country, which alo'-e isn(^t to be Regarded, we have no m.anner of Account of 5^w, his Lite .>r A^li ;ns, his Death or Burial, from any Author, either Sacred or Profane j except that cJ^/(?/ej Tells us, thut Noah had fuch a Son, who had a Great Relpeit for his Father, and was tnerefore ijreatly BleiTed by him, who Liv'd Six t undred Years, and Be^^ot Sons aiid Daughters '-, but where he Dvv elt, or what elfe he Did, where he Died, or was Buried, is not Mentioned- 1 Know, that all the Jewiflj Rabbins, and Several of the Chriftian Fathers, are of Opinion, that Sem and tJl^elchil'edech were One and theSime Perfon, whofe Fiiftorv ^JPfyfes Continues under a Diiferent Kame, - to Signify his Living then at a Different Time, and his Exercihng a Different Fundion, Telling us, that he was the King, Prieft, and? rophet of Salem, who Of the ANTIE1?TS.^ V 2 J who Came out to Meet zAbraharr, with Bread and Wine, and BlefTed him, Rece'viiio; the Tithes of all he had from him •, but tho' that Opinion be Common among the Jerrs, and tho' a areat mnny 'Chriftians Approve and are Fond.oii't, as Conducing to Serve their Religious Turn, .yet,' 'neither th6 One nor the Other be'ng Able to Adduce any Goo'd Ground for it, 'tis not to be Believ'd, and I judg it to be only the Conje<:l:ure of rhofe Commentators upon the Holy Scriptures, xvho Love to Snv Some- thing on every Part of the Text, and don't Know what elle to Make o^d^felclnfedechj becaufe aJI'fofes lylentions him in fuch an Obfcure Way : Pefides, I *have Seen the Sepulcher that's commonly Said to have been (>JMclchifedech'*s at Sdem, and if it has been truly His, 'tis not Probable that he was Sent, becaufe his Sepulcher is of a Kind Dilferent from That of Thole of Noah'^s other Sons, which ai'e conftantly of the Same Kind, as I have Said ^ and 1 Reckon fo, from what 1 have Seen. The Jews have always had a Graat Relpe^b for the Sepulcher of Jypbaxadj as being likewife the Eurial-Place of the Prophet Sz^ekiel \ and 'tis Probable they are not Miftaken \ fince Ez^ekiel himfelf Says exprefly, that he Dwelt there, upon the Banks, of the Cha^ hour., where he was Kill d, according to. St. Jerome , by Thofe of his own Country, and Bufied there- abouts. ' ''^y"T'''"^<"' There are Two ^epulchers, of tfie ' Same Kin^, that are not Remarked in Hiftory, it not being Known for whom thev have been Done : Thev are. to be Seen near the Ruins of a Town, at pre lent j, Unknown, (tho' commonly Call d, the Old B^'.gdad,^ Antiently, Ctefifhon, ( Originally, CaUb, as I Think, which, according to ^yidofes, was Built by Ninus 9/ijfur, of the Family of iSTrwr^.-^, being his Grand- ion, according to Berofm, and Sarnamed Ajfur, be- caufe he Conquer 'd the Country of Jjfury the Son cf C 4 Sem^ 24 ^^ Account of the Sepulchers 5ew, on the other Side the Tsgrlsy ) likewife in CaU tie a, in the Plains, upon the Eafi Side the Tygris, Twenty Five Miles from Bagdad^to-wnids the North^ Half a Mile from the Ruinous Town, towards th^ South'EaJl; and Three Miles from the River, to- wards the Eafi :, being Grots Double, of Two Antq- Grots, one within another. Each, ai)4 Three Sepul- chers, One on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante- Grot, and six, Two on each Side, in the Second, in the One, and ^ix Sepulchers, Two on each Inner Side in the Firft Ante-Grot, and Three, One en each Side, in the ^econd, in the Other \ both Cut out of Rock, at the Foot of heights, under Ground, hard by onp nr.other, both the Sepulchers and tlielr Entries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as Above. 'Tis Certain there are fuch . epulchers in that Place, for I have Seen them •, but for whom they ha^e been Done ;s very Uncertain, they beiniz; altogether Unknown among Ji'ftori^ns and Antiquaries, both Sacred and Others ;, ib that i cannot Make any Conjetlure aboi^t Them: As for that Ruijious To v/n's being, Anti- entiy, Ctefphoriy 'tis Said io, by Some, and Probable *, but that it wa?, Originally, the C^/^^'v Spr.ke of b^y (tJlJifes, is only as IGue^^. and as 1 Gueis upon no Ground, if it be not, chat I Know there was fuch a Town thereabout >;, becaufe «i>J/(/f' J exprefly 'ays ib, and I Jiave very much Seen, and curioufiy Ob- ferv'd, all the Ruins of Towns in that Country, on both Sdes t-heT^^w, and don't Know where eife to P'a e it ^ \yh'"ch is not Ground enough to Raile a Conje(5lu.e upon, and confequenrly nor to be Re- garded, ' tho' there be Abundance of Ruins of a Town there to Make it Good- The.e s One of thofe Sepulchers, that's common- ly -aid to have been That of ^jfur, the Son of Sem^ pone by him for himfelf, and Thofe of his Family ; ^ndj if ib, 'tis then likewiie One ot the Firft, and molt Of the A N T I E N T si a^ 'moft Ancient , cf thole Times, he being among the Firft th-.it Died, a-ter the Flood, and hTid 0.;^J- llon for a Burial- iMace : Tis to be ""eeri not far from the Ruins of AVw/t'f/j, (which A-fjfcs likewile SaviJ was Built by Ni'iui A(fur^ of the Pofterity of N^^vi- rod,') over-a^a'nft MoJf:JjU^on the Ty^ris, in Affyrl'^, in a Valley, upon the E.t/? Side tl'ie River, andxh^e Jeen near the Ruins of a Town, prefently. Unknown, (tho'com- 'moiily Call'd by the Name of Nemrod, ) Antiently, and Originally, Rhefen, as I Think, ( Another of thofe Towns which zJ^ofes Says were Built by Nlnnt Affur, A7(?wro<:/'s Grand Ion, ) likewile in Affyria, in the Plains, upon the Eafi Side the Tygrls, Fitty Miles from Mojful, or Niniveh, towards the South, Three Quarters of a Mile from the Ruinous Town, to- wards the North'lVefi, and Half a Mile from the River, towards the North- Eafi : They are Grots Double, of Two Ante-Grots, one within another, 'Each, and Three Sepulchers, One on each Inner JSide, in the Firft Ante-Grot, and Six, Two on each Side, in the Second, in the One, and six Sepulchers, Two on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, and Three, One on each Side, in the Second, in the •Other ; both Cut out of Rock, at the Foot of 'Heights, under Ground, hard by one another, both "Sepulchers and Entries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Dimeniions, as Above. 1 have alfo Seen thofe Sepulchers, but cannot Guels for whom they have been Pone j they are fo much Unknown, ^, Of the A N T 1 E 15 T s. iS Unknown, thnt I can ^ay nothinc^ about them : As for that Ruinnus Towns bei no;, Antiently, andOri- ginallv, the Rhefen IVienti'-'ned by (JMofe^y 'tis only a Conjecture that 1 Rai(e, upon no better Ground than, that (i^fofes Says there was fuch a Great Town, be- twixt Ninlveh and C.tlah, ai.d I don't Know where elle to Place it ^ which is not Gn-iund enough for a Conjefture, and Co not to be Regarded, tho' I niuft Say, that, Suppofma; vA^hat is Call d, the Old B^gdad^ to be the Place of C.iUh, as before. That which Is Kam'd there Nemrod, is, according to what aJkfofes I Says, more Like to be the Place of Rhefen, than any Where elfe, that 1 Know, upon theTygris, betwixt Ninlveh and Caluh, and elpecially, Confidering, that there are a trreat many Ruins ot a Great Town, in the Plain, on the one side the River, Some Re- mains of a Cartle, upOn a Hill, on the other Side, and the Veftiges of a Bridg over it, all there, io Make it Good. There's One, of thole Sepulchers, that's Said to have been That of Nemrod, Done by his Son Ninus BcImj ( that is, NinM the Son of Belu^, who is the Same with Nemrod among the Antients,) as Beroftu Calls him, to Dirtinguifh him from Ninus Affur his Grandfon, for his Father, tJimfelf, and their Pofte- ty, which, if fo, is then alfo One of the Firft and moft Ancient of thole Times : Tis to be Seen not far from the Ruins of Babylon, Originally, Babel, ( the Firft and Greateft of thofe Towns which tJ^ofes Says Nemrod Built, ) in Chaldea, in the Mid- dle of a Large Plain, between the Euphrates and T/- ^rts, on the Wefi Side the One, and the Eafi of the Other, Twenty Miles from the Firft, towards the ■ Nurth-Eafi, Twenty Five from the Second, towards the Weft, and Thirty above where the Two Rivers Join, towQivds the North-Weft, Nine Miles from the Ruins of Babylon, upon the Eu^ljrat'es, towards the f-aft. Twenty Seven from the Town of Baadad, up- aS ^n Account of the S E p u l c H E R s .-'7 • '•■ . ^ ' ■ -.-r^T T on the lygrlsy towards the South-lVefi, and Twenty Kine from the Caftle of Cor^i^ upnn the Jun^Hon of thofe Rivers, towards the iVntries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Di- menfions, as Above, in the very Place, where there's alR' a Great Tower, or Mount, of Rock, Earth, and Brick-W^ork, after the Manner of an Obelisk, or Pyramid, RaisV^ over, and aroynd, the Hill and Rock, where "the Sepulcher is, fo as to Enclofe or Take it in, ^a$ fi Part of its Solidity, or Thicknefs, ( the Cuttin.; out of theSepulcher having been atter . tlie Building of t;he Tower, as Appears by the Face * of the Ouvertdr^, or Opening, Made thorough the Brick- Work and Earth of the One, on the Side to- , wards Bahyloriy (^ the Bricks aijd Earth being Broke, and the Ouverture Irregular,) to Serye as an Avenue, pr Paffige, Leading to the Entry of the Other, Made through the Rock, on the Same ^ide, ) which i^ likewife Said to be the Tcnver of Bd'cl^ that ^^lofes alfo Tells x^-^Ncmrod Built, for the Honour of ».his Name, and to Serve as a Beacon, or Place of '^i^- nal, for the Calling, or Preferving, his People toge- ther, that they might not be Diipers'd over all the '; Earth, as neverthelels they wer^ ^oon after, by the "Tower ot the Almighty \. for, Neyitrod'Viy'm'z, before the Work was Finijh'd, according to /?ero/«i, the J'urther Execution of the Defign was then Given over ^ the People alui,* after his Death, Finding, that they were very Numerous, and too Many to be together in one Place, and that they wanted a Head „ to Govern them, a^-id Keep tliein togeth.er, eipecially ^'jjuch an AdivdOne as Ncmrod had beeji, they there- _J upon, the Greateft Part of them, " Divided them- ^ feives into their Families, and Went a Wandering, ^Pf>^ 0/ the A 1!^ T I E N T<^S^-, V ' • 29, {ipoti the Face of the Earth, Diilferent Ways, to . ••ettle in other Different Places, each Family Carry- , .i; along with it, Words, or Sounds, whicli were the iieecls, or Principles, of a Dilferent Language, or, Speech, the Diiference of Lanuuage being a Confe- . (|Licnce, and not aCaule,of the Divifion of the People: , bo 1 Lnderftand the Matter, from What is Saidon'C hw ajliofes and "Sffrij/wi, who are Two of the molt Ancient Writers of Hiitory and Antiquities that we > Know unv Thinii; of i^hut indeed ti'ieir Credit is Un-- equal, the Wrltinusof tlv2 Firft being Sacred, Thole, of the Second Profane i however, 'tisObfervable in them both, as to this Tvlatterjthat they both Give an Accouiit of the Same Tiling, and Agree together ifi the Main, tho' they Diifer in fome Particulars, and eipecially in their Way of Writin^^ Each of them Doing it acc(^rding toh^*^ Flumour, nnd the Part he A^l'-'d, the FirR- iihc, what he w.^^^, a Holy Prophet, the Second like a lieatlieiiiili Hiitorian. I Know very Well, that.a Grftat Part (^f wiiaf we have of "Berofuiy isAUedg'd to have been Counterfeited, by iA'tmusoil'itcrbo^ a Dominican Fryar, who Liv'd in tlie lilnd of the Firteent}iCentury,and is $ajd to have- Done a great De?/9/irj, and the cither cjacred Writers, in the Main of Things, bun on!y in a Particular Way of Writing, which: ji.t Different in Diiferent Perlons, ^iccordiiig as they haxe LivM in DirtCieoc Times^ been Diifoi'ently Bred, have a DiffererjC Ilumouts and A.^t a Ditfc- rent Pare ^ whereas 1 ihall ever Quarrel veiy much every; Author \vhatlbever, who Diiagrees, m •Things that are Material, and Principal, with. -Thole, who are the l^/idoubted Standard both of oai" Faith and Pra-ibce.And here I Cjinnot but Refie^b ''everfeiy upon the Credit of ?'\^?8>^Mf, who is com- •TiOnk' j^ ^ An Account of the Sepulchers nionly Look'd upon to be a Good Antiquary, tho moft Undefervedly '-, for of all the Writers, of that Kind, that I Know, there's None fo often, and fo grofsly, and fooUfhlv Miftaken, that Way, as he is, which Appears very well, from his Contradi£fc- ing ij^ofes, and the Prophets, fo frequently, in Things that are moft Obvious and Plain : As for Example-, he Says concerning this Matter, that the Principal Reafon, which Indued Nemrod and his People, to Build the Tower of Babel^ was that the Top on't might Serve them as a Place of Re- fuge,in Cafe of another Flood ^ whereas ^JMofes Telh us expreily, that their Defi n was, to Get them- felves a Name by it, and that it might Serve as a Beacon, or Signal, by the Means of which they might Call, or Preferve them(elves together, and not be Scattered over all the Earth •, and God Him- felf, according to ^JMofes^ Says alfo expreily to Noah, in the Perpetual Covenant He Made with him, That there Ihould not be any more fuch Floods to Deftroy the Earth, and the Creatures thereupon, and Confirmed his Holy Word by an Everlafting Sign, in the Rain-Bow, which Neynrod and his People could not probably be Ignorant of ^ befides, if it were True that they had been Afraid of ano- ther Flood, the Mountains of Arynema, within their Sight, would have foon Seem'd to be a Better Place of Refuge for them, than any Tower that Men could Build, efpecially Confidering, that the Nature of Towers is, either not to be very High, fb as that they can't Save One in that Cale, or if they be, to End in a Point, as Obelisks, and Pyra- mids do, on the Top of which None can Stand : Nothing can be Plainer than This, and Give lefs Ground for a Miftake :, fo that Jofephus is unpardona- bly Wrong upon this Occafion, as well as on ma- ny Otheri of the fame Kind, and Shews by them, that he has neither been a Good Antiquary, nor a Be- 0/ fA Durable, by far, as the Brick of the Antients, Made in the Manner that they Lender ftood, VVit- nefs the Grecian and RomAi Edifices, or Buildings, in particular, the Mole, or Peer, of Poxz.z.oii-, m which the Stone Decays and Fails away, the Brick continues Whole and Keeps together, tho' Expos'd not only to the Eiforcs of the \V'jnd aad Weather, but a Ifo to the Beating of the Waves ot tneoea, tjr D lb J4 ^^ Account of the Sepulchers {o Long a Time; and if the Brick of the Ant^ents, Made as they Underftood, be much more Durable than Stone, their Cement, or Mortar, efpccially th.Qhitnmeno?t\ie BahyloninnSj is the moft Dura- ble of all, infomuch, as neither Time, Wind, ^A^ea- ther, nor any other Accident that's Natural, can ever do it any Harm, and the Great Durablenefs of the Bitumen of the Eabylo'/iians, beyond the other Kinds of Cement, or Lime, is the Reafon why their Brick likewife is more Durable than That of the o- ther Antients, the Goodnefs of the One depending of the Nature of the Other, which is a Principal ingredient in its Compofition : So , as no body Doubts that the Ruins of a Town, which we See there Now upon the Banks of the Euphrates, are Thofe of ^^/^v/t^/z, or Babel, which was Built by Nemrod and his SucceiTors, 'tis Certain that the Tower hard by. Built of the Same ?»^aterials as well as in the Same Way, tho' ftill on Foot and Entire, is alfo of the Same Time, and was Built by the Same Perlbns ; elpecially when we are Al- fur'd, that there was fuch a Tower there, at that Time, Built bv thofe Perlbns, and according to the Defcription, and Account, we have on~t, from ^jMofes as well as "Berofus, and Others, 'tis almoft Certain That is it. And This is what I can Say concerning the Tower, which is Sufficient to Make it Certain that it is ofNemrod's Time, and Proba- ble 'tis That o^BAbel which he is Said to have Built; and the Sepulcher Appearing manifeftly to have been Done after, 'tis likewife Certain it is of the Same Time, and Probable it has been Done for Nemrod: So that the Face of thcfe Two Antiquities Prove the Age of one another, the One to have been Done be- fore the Other, and Both to be of the Higheft Poft. diluvian Times, that is,of theTimes immediately after the Flood , and Does lb for Certain ; but the One's having been Done by Nemrod, and the Other for him, is 0/ /^(f A N T I E N T Sj 55 is only a moft Probable Conjecture, which I Raife upon the Ground of what is Certain, in the Manner I have Told : To which Add,the Authority o^Hcro- dotuSyPlif!yjJofcphuSjPtolomy,St. Jerome, Annius^Kircher^ Delia yallc, and other Good Hiftorians, Geographers, Antiquaries, and Travellers, both Ancient and Mo- dern, who are all of the Same Mind. I fliall Con- clude the Account of this Sepulcher with a Delcrip- tion of that Tower, ( which is, as it were, its Monument, ) as I Saw and Obferv'd it, for the Satisfaction of the Curious, and to the End that what I have Said concerning it may be the better Underftood-, and, to Do it In a Satisfying Order, I ihall lirft Defcribe it as 'tis really in it Self, that is, according as 'twas anciently Begun upon the Firil and Original Defign, and Continued upon a Se- cond and Ditferent One, and as Both were Execu- ted and Difpos'd, and lecondly Give an Account of what Clianges and Alterations have Befaln it Since 'twas Built, and are to be Seen In or about it Now at this Day : And fir ft, as to Its Firft and Original Defign. 'Tis a Tower exactly Square, that Is, having Four Sides, and as many An- gles, or Inclinations of the Sides, Equal, in Form of an Obelisk , or Pyramid , that is , a Figure, whole Sides are Equal , and Oblique, or in Afcending from the Bafe, or Bottom, to the Height, or Top, Incline towards one another, lb as to Meet and End in a Point, and whole Angles, or Inclinations, of the Sides, areAcute, or Sharp, that Is, Lefs than Ninety Degrees, or the Fourth Part of the Circumference of a Circle, the Root of the Square, or the Length of one of the Sides, at the Bale, being Two Hundred and Forty Three * Foot, which Quadrupled, or Multiplied D 2 by * Njte^ That the Foot here Meant is, the Ancjciu Baby' ioni.in Foot, which is Equ4l to a Londoh Foot auu Tv/o ii\ ches, as before. ^6 An Account of the S E p u i. c H E r s by Four, (there beln^ fo mnnv of them, ) makes the Circumference, or VVav coiiic; Round, Nine Hundred and Seventy Two Foot, or a Tjioufind a Hundred and Thirty Four Lovdon Foot, tliat is. Two Pundred and Twenty Six Geometrical Pa- tes and Four Foot, or Some' more than the Fifth Part of an £W/f?j Mile, the He^'ilit Perpendiculary or Straight, likewife Two Hundred and Forty Three Foot, Equal to the Root of tiie Square, the Height Oblique, orlnclininp, Two Hundred and Seventy One Foo*: and a Half, the Anule, or Incli- nation, o{' the Side's, at the Bafe, Sixty Deiirees, or the Siy.th Part of the Circumference of a Circle, and the An^le of the Height, or at the Top, Thir- ty Decrree'?, or the Twelfth Part of a Circle: The >A/hole being a Mafs,or He'ip, of Brick and Bitumen- Work, Enclofinii; a Hill and Rock, in its Solidity, or Thicknefs, and Amounting?; to Four Million Se- ven Hundred and Riiihty Two Thou land Kine Hundred and Sixty Nine Cube, or Solid, Foot, up- on Fifty Nine Thoufand and Fortv Nine Square, or Broad, that is, Seven Million Five Hundred and Kinety Five Thoufand a Hundred and Fifty Fou/ London Cube Foot, upon Eisihty Thoufand Three Hundred and Seventy Two Square, or, Two Hun- dred and Seventy One Thoufand Two Hundretl and Fifty Five Ew^/'fJ; Tun and a Half, upon Some more than an Acre and Three Quarters. The Exe- cution of that Defic;n is in this Manner: 'Tis Di- vided into Nine Parts, which are, as it were, fo many Towers Square, in Form of Parallelopipeds, or Flat Cubes, that is, Figures, whole Sides are Equal, Perpendicular, or Straight, and PaniUci to, or Eqaidiltai]t from, one another, and v/hofe An- gles of the Sides are Ri[?;ht, that is, juft Ninety De- grees, or the Fourth Part of the Circumference o{ a Circle, Rais'd Obeliskwile, or Pyramidically, one above another, the Root of the Square in tlie One , Of the A NT IE NTS. 57 One above Dlmlnfliing from That in the Other be- low by an Equal Number of Foot, which is Twen- ty Seven, fo as to mnke a Corrivior, or Gnllery, an Eftrade, or Walk, betwixt the Two, upon the Top of the One below, and along the Sides of the Other above, all Around, Tliirteen Foot and a Half Broad, the I^ eight of them all beini^ Equal, Twenty Seven Foot, the Same with the Difference between the Roots of the Squares, and Perpendicu- lar, not Oblique, and the Angles of the Sides Right, that is, Ninety Degrees, or the Fourth Part of a Circle-, fo that the Firit and Loweft, upon the Plain, is Two Hundred and Forty Three Foot Square, and Twenty Seven High •, the Second, Two Hundred and Sixteen Foot Square, and High as before^ the Third, a Hundred and Eighty Nine Foot Square-, the Fourth, a Hundred and Sixty Two Foot •, the Fifth, a Hundred and Thirty Five^ the Sixth, a tlundred and Right •, the Seventh, Eighty One •, the EiL'^hth, Fifty Four^ the Laft and Higheft, Twenty Seven Foot Square, and the Height being the Sa*rne, 'tis an H-xa^t Cube, oV Fi- gure having Six Sides, and Eight Angles, all Equal : The W'liole being To many Maiies of Brick and Bi- tumen-Work, EncU^fmg a Hill and K(^ck in their Solidities, Kais'd Pyramidically one above another, Begiiniing, in die Plain, with a Square of Tw6 Hundred and Forty Three Foot, End-nii;, in a Flat, with One cH Twenty Seven, the Ninth Part of the Other, and the Diiference of Thole between the Two, having Eight Corridors, or Ertrndes, Reigning, or Continuing, all Around, (befides the Plain at the Bottom, and Flat at the Top, ) Each Thirteen Foot and a Half Broad, Amounting to the height likewiie of Two Hujidred and Forty Three Foot, or Nine Times Twenty Seven, (there being 'io many of them, and That the Height of •Each, ) Eq^ual to the Root of the Firft Square, D .} Buiit ^8 An Account of the SepxilChers Built of Bricks, of Earth Hardened with Fire, Each of which is Nine * Inches Square, and Three Thick, Pos'd, or Laid, befide and above one another, and Bitumen, Mixt with Reeds or Straw, to the Thick- nefs lometimes of Kine Lines, or Three Quarters of an inch, and fometimes of Thirty Six, or Three Inches, and Oifpofed Each as Follows: Firft, there's a Bed of Bitumen, IViixt with Reeds,to theThicknefs of Tnree inches ;, then, a Row of lb many Bricks as Make ap the Square, Pos'd afide one another, likewife Three Inches Thick \ next, is another Bed of -Bitumen, Mixt with Straw, to the Thicknefs of Three Quarters of an Inch \ then, a Row of Bricks, as before^ next, Bitumen, again, with Straw, as before •. then, another Row of Bricks •, which Bed of Bitumen, with Straw, and Row of Bricks, are Repeated Alternatively, or the One after the Other, Six Times more, fo as to Make up in all, from the Bale, the Heii;ht of Three Foof, then, the Whole, ( that is, a Bed of Bitumen Mixt with Reeds, and a Row of Bricks, as before, and Bitu- men with Straw, and Bricks; Alternatively, fo many Times, as above, ) is Repeated Confecutive- ly, or Immediately, Eight Times more, fo as to Make up in all, from the Bafe, Twenty Seven Foot, which is jull a Kinth Part of the Perpendicular Height of the Tower. This is a Defcription of its Firft and Original Delign, with an Account of its Execution, Manner, and Difpofition, as 'twas V>\xAthy Nemrod-^ who Dying before it was Com- pleated, the Further Execution on't was then Given over, when the \^^ork was Rais'd to the Height of a Hundred and Sixty Two Foot^ and juft * Xa/f, That the Inch here Meant is, the Ancient Ba~ hylonian Inch, which is trual to a Lon^oii Inch and Two Lines j and a Line is the Twelfih Part of an Inch of both Sons J according to Cajellus, O/'r/'^ A NT I E N T s. ^9 jufl Six Kinth Parts, or Two Thirds, of the Whole, were Finiihed ^ Co that it Ended with a Square- Flat of a Fluiidred and Eight Foot. It Continued ib, till the Latter Days of Ninpu Belm, who after having Cut out the Sepulcher, at the Bottom of the Tower, Continued the Building on't, upon a Se- cond and Dilferent Defign ; the Defcription oi which is thus : Tis a Tower exactly Round, in Form of a Cone, or Round Pyramid, the Diameter, or Thicknels, at the Bafe, being Eighty One Foot, the Circumference, or Way round, Two Hundred and Fifty Four Foot and a Half, the Height Per- pendicular like wife Eighty One Foot, Equal to the Diameter, the Height Oblique, isinety Foot and a Half, and the Angles of the Sides, Equal to Thole of the Former Defign : The \Vhole like- wife a Mafs of Brick and Bitumen-Work , A- mounting to a Flundred and Forty Thoufand Five Hundred and Eighty Kine Cube Foot, upon Five Thoufand Two Hundred and Seven Square. The Execution of this Defign is as Follows : 'Tis Divided into Three Parts , which are fo many Towers Round, or Cylinders, and Flat, Rais'd Pyramidically, one above another, the Diameter of the One above Diminifliing from That of the Other below by Twenty Seven Foot, fo as to Make a Cor- ridor, or Eftrade, betwixt the Two, all Around, Thirteen Foot and a Half Broad, the Height of them all being likewife Twenty Seven Foot, the Same with the Difference between the Diameters, and Perpendicular, and the Angles of the Sides as Thofe of the Former^ So that the Firft and Loweft, upon the Square-Flat of a Hundred and Eight Foot, as above, is Eighty One Foot Diameter, and Twen- ty Seven High ^ the Second, Fifty Four Foot Dia- meter, and High as before^ the Laft and Higheft Twenty Seven Foot Diameter, and the Height be- hii, the Sam?3 'tis a Cylinder, or Round Tower, i) 4 Cube : 4© An Accoufit of the. S e p u l c h e R s Cube' The Whole fo many MafTes, Built of Brick and B^'tumen, and Difpos'd Each as before •, with this Dili'erence i that whereas the Others, of both Defmijs, r.;-e all Solid, and enti'ely Mailive, ( ex- cept the Firft and Loweft Mafs of the Firft Defign, or of the Whole, that has the Sepulcher PraftisM, or Contrived, in its Soliditv, after the Execution, ) *he Second of the Second, or the Eiaht of the Ffrft, or of the Whole, has Pra^bis'd in its Solidity, alonfi: wirh the Execution, a Temple, likevvile Roui.'d, Twenty Seven Foot Diameter, and the Sam.e inPjeiuht, havino; an Entry, or Door, on the Side towards ^^i'v/fjw. Nine Foot Square, and Thir- teen Foot and a Half I ong, and an Ouverf:ure, or Opening, or, as it were, a Window, in the Top, Round, Nine Foot Diameter, the Floor, both of the Temple and Ertns being PUiin, the Sides Per- pendicular , and the Roof ArchVi, the Arching Fradis'd in the Uppermoft Third Part of the Fj eight ; the V./ hole of Brick and Bitumen as be- fore. This is the Second andDilferent Defignof the Tower, with its Execution, and -Difpnfition, as 'twos Built by Nhn'.;^m, half a Mile from the Town, towards the Norths and Three Quarters from the River, towards the Nonh-Eafi '^ being a Grot Double, of Two Anfe-Cirots, one within another, and Six Sepulrhers, Two on each Inner Side, in Each, Cut out of Rock, at the Foot of a Height, under Ground, both the Sepulchers and their Entries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as Above. 'Tis Certain there is fuch a Sepulcher in that Place, fori have Seen if, but for whom it has been done is Uncertain, it being Unknown among Hiftorians and Antiquaries, both Sacred and Others, lb I can Make no Con- jecture about it. The Turks have a Great Vene- ration for it, as being the Sepulcher of the Prophet 46 An Account of the S E p u L c H E r s ^liasj who, as they Say, was not taken up Alive into Heaven, as the Author of the Books of Kings exprefly Tells us, but Retird only thither, where he Liv'd out the Reft of his Days, and where he Dy'd, and was Buried •, and therefore they have Built a Little Mofque, upon the Top of the Height, which is always Shut, except when they Go in Pilgrimage to Vifit it, which they do fometimes with a great Deal of Devotion : The Chriftians of Bagdad^ and the Jews likewife, have the Same Veneration for the Place, and upon the Same Account, being much of the Same Opinion, with this Difference only, that Elias was Taken up Alive into Heaven, as the Author of the Books ot Kings Tells U5, but Re- turned again, and Retired thither, as the Turks Say \ and therefore they alfo Go frequently in Pilgrimage to Vifit it with the Same Devotion, and Pay Mo- ney to have Leave to Enter the Mofque, which the Chriftians Ufe as aChappel, and the Jews as as a Temple ^ but how grolly Wrong they are all, is Obvious and Plain. There are Two of thole Sepulchers, likewife not Remark'd in Hiftory, it not being Known for whom they have been Done, to be Stan not far from Cadejfia, anciently, Helah, likewife in Chal- dea, in the Plains betwixt the Euphrates and Tygris, and on the Eafi Side of the Middle Canal, or~Ar- tiiicial River, that Runs between thefe Two Na- tural Ones, Three Miles from the Town, towards the South, Forty Five from the Firft River, towards the North-Eafi, Seventy Two from the Second, towards the H^cfi, and Half a Mile from the Canal, towards the Eajh, Kinety Miles from Bagdad^ to- wards the N'^'rf/j-lF'f/?-, and a Hundred and Twen- ty from Babylon, towards the North : T'hey are Grots Double, of Two Ante-Grots, one within another. Each, and Six Sepulchers, Two on each Inner Side_, in the Firft Ante-Grot, and Nine, Three Of the Ai^ T I v.ms. 47 Three on each Side, in the Second, in the One, and Nine Sepulchers, Three on each hmer Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, and Six, Two on each Side, in the Second, in the Other ;, both Cut out of Rock, at the Bottom of Little Hills, above Ground, hard by one another, both tte Sepulchers and Entries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as Above. 'Tis Certain there are fuch Sepulchers, for I have Seen them j but for whom they have been Done is very Uncer- tain, they being altoeether Unknown among Hi- ftorians and Antiquaries, fothati can Say nothing more about them. There are again Two Sepulchers, of the Same Kind, alio Unknown in Hiitory, to be Seen hard by Zahirj, alfo in Chaldea, m the Plains betwixt the Euphrates and Ty^ris, and on the South Side the Great Canal that Runs between thefe Two, Three Quarters of a Mile from the Town, towards the South'^laft-, Ninety Miles from the Firft River, to- wards the North-Eafi, a Hundred and Twenty from the Second, towards the IFcfl, and Half a Mile from the Canal, towards the Smth^ a Hundred and Fifty Miles from Bagdad, towards the Nonh-lVefi^ and a Hundred and Thirty from Afoful, or Niyiivehy towards the South-Wefl '■) being Grots Double, of Two Ante-Grots, one within another, Each, and Six Sepulchers, Two on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot , and Kine , Three on each Side, in the Second, in the One, and Nine Sepul- chers, Three on each Inner Side, in the Firft An- te-Grot, and Six, Two on each Side, in the Se- cond, in the Other •, both Cut out of Rock, at the Foot of ileights, under Ground, not far from one another, both Sepulchers and Entries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Dimen- fions, as Above. I have alio Seen thole Sepulchers, but cannot Guefs for whom they have been Done j they 48 An Account of the Sepulchers they rire fo much Unknown, that I can Say nothing about them. ^ There's One of thofe Sepulchers that's common- ly Said to have been That o{ Ninus J (fur, NemrocCs Gi-andfon, (foCaird, becaule he Conquered the Country of Affitr, the Son of Stm, . on the other Side the Tygrlsj ) Done by his Wife Semiramls, for her Husband, her Self, and their Children : 'Tis to be Seen in, but, originally, without, Bahylori, a-* mong the Ruins of that Part of the Town, which was in the Plain, upon the Eafh Side the Euphrates, Eleven Miles from the River, towards the North- Eafiy and Nine from 2N7cmro<^'s Tower, towards the ^'^^efi', being a Grot Double, of Two Ante-Grots, One within another, and Kine Sepulchers, Three On each hmer Side, in Each, Cut out of Rock, at the Bottom of a Hill, above Ground, both the Sepulchers and their Entries, as well as the Ante- Grots, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as Above, juft in the Place, where the Wall about the Town, on that Side the River, was Built, as Appears by the Ruins, and h?rd by That, where the Principal Gate, Leading towards the Tower, has been, fo that the Hill with the Sepulcher has, Originally, been without the Town, at a Small Diitance from it, and, afterwards. Taken in, in the Enclofure, as a Part of the Wall, like the Py- ramid, or Sepulcher, of Ccefihfs at Rome : There is likewife, in the Same Hill, juft over the Sepulcher, a Temple, having an Entry, as the Sepulcher has, on the Side towards the Town, likewife Cut out of Rock, in the Middle of the Hill, both the Tem- ple and its Entry, in the Same Manner, and to the Same Dimenfions, :xs Thiit oi' Bdus m the Tower, except that it has no Ouvcrture in the Top on't, which is alfo Said to have been the Temple of Nlnus, Done for him by his Wife ^ and what Remains of th^ Rock, above the Temple, in the Same Hill, is ^ Dif- Of the Ai^r I E^TS, 49 Difcovered, or Clear'd, from the Earth, to the Top* and Cat out into a Buft, or Statue of a Head and Shoulders, Colofliil, or much Bigger than the Na- tural, being Twenty Seven Foot Broad, at the Bafe, between the Shoulders, and the Same in i-IeiM:ht, from Thence to the Crown of the Head, Looking towards the Txiwn, and Reprefenting, at a Due Diftaiice, ( that is, at the Diftanceof the Breadth of thj Pomerium, or EmpCy Space, with- in the Wall, which has been about Fifteen Hun- dred Foot, ) the Head and Shoulders of a Man, alfo Said to be the Buft ot Ninus ^ the Whole both Defign'd and Executed by Semirmnis for the Honour and Glory of Her Ilusba.id. 'Tis Certain there is fuch a Sepulclur, with fuch a Temple and Buft over it^ in that Place, for 1 have Seen them all, the Two Laft being, as it were, a Monument over the Firft, and Defign'd fo '-, and 'tis not Improbable they have been Done for N'nus Affur by his Wife Semiramis^ fmce Bero'ii^j Herodotus, Diodurus S'cidus, Jufiin, and all the other Ancient both Hiftorians and Antiqua- ries, do Say, that that A^iuHi Dy'd, and was Buried in Babylofj, and that his \N\;zSemlra,mls, Succeeding to him in the Government, becaule of the Minori- ty of her Son Nlnus, Caused a Magnificent Sepul- cher to be Done for her Husband, her Self, and their Family, near the Principal Gate of the Town, a Temple to be Built for him, hard by the Sepulcher, and a Hill, Isamed, Baoyflon, not far from Thence, to be Cut out into a Statue in Refemblance of him \ and all thofe Three Things, a Sepulcher, a Temple, and the Refemblance of a Man, being there toge- ther in that Hiil, fo Plac d, juft where the Wall was, and where the Principal Gate has been, it be- ing the Gre.iteft Hillof any to be Found thereabouts, and no fuch Ihings being to be Seen together an/ where eife in or about thofe Ruins, 'tis Probable Thefe are They. The Buft is certainly the Firft and E molt 50 Jn Account of the S E p u l c h E RS moft Ancient Piece of Sculpture in the World, of that Kind, and has been admirably, the' roughly. Done, confidering the Time, being when Arts were but Beginning to be Underftood ; but the Face of This, as well as other Antiquities, is now very much Chang'd from what it was Anciently, by the Injuries of Time, Wind, and Weather, and efpe- ciitlly by the Violence of Hands, particularly the Turks, who have Beat off the Ears on't, Flntted the Kole, and by Throwing Stones, and Shooting, at it, as at a Mark, Disftgur'd it in feveral other Places:' However, the Original Beauty and Excel- lency ot the Work, is ftill well enough to be Dif- cover'd and Seen, by Thofe who Underftand Things of that Kind, and who Look upon it at the Due Diflance, which is, as I have Said, the Breadth of the Pornerium, within the Wall, andThat has been, as Appears by the Ruins, about Fifteen Hundred Foot :, for if One Looks upon it Kigher, it does not Seem to be anv Other than a Rugged Piece of Rock, Irregular, of no Ufe, and coniequently not Re- markable : And This is, perhaps, the Realon why, all our Modern Travellers and Antiquaries, who have Fafs'd that Way, have Taken no Notice of thac Curious Piece of Antiquity, ( for t don't Find that any of them makes Mention on't i ) they have Seen, it, and Look'd upon it, but not at the Due Diftance, fo that, tho' their Eyes have been upon it, yet, in eifecfc, they have not Seen it, and, coniequently, not Remark'd it : By which it Appears again, how Ne-i celTary it is for Travellers and Antiquaries, before tliey Go to Travel and See Things, to be hiftrudted and Qualified with thofe Arts and Sciences, and En- dowed with thofe Faculties, as above •, for, with- out them, they can never Do it to Advantage- There's another Sepulcher, of the lame Kind, not Remarked in Hiftory, it not being Known for whom it has been Done, to be Seen not tar from Of the A N T 1 E N T s. 5 1 Niriivehj overagainft Mofful, in a Plain, upon the E.ift- Side the Tygris, Two Miles from the Ruins, to- wards the NorTh-lVefl-y Half a Mile from the Town, towards the South- E^^fi, and a Quarter from the Ri- ver, towards the Eafh : 'Tis a Grot Double, of Two Ante-Grots, one within another, and Isine Sepul- chers, Three on each Inner Side, in Each, Cut out of Rock, at the Foot of a Height, under Ground, both the Sepulchers and Entries, as well as the An- te-Grots, ill the Manner, and to the Dimeniions, as Above. That there is fuch a *^epulcher, is Cer- tain, for I have Seen it :;, but for whom it has beeil Done, is Uncertain, it being Unknown amoncC Hiftorians and Antiquaries, fo that 1 can Make no Conjeclure about it. There are a great many other Sepulchers, of the Same Kind, both Single and Double, both above and under Ground, that I have Seen among the Mountams of v^^mff:/^, in the Plains of Mefoptamia^ and the other Places I have Mentioned ; but becaufe the Greateft Part of them are not Remark'd in Hiltory, i'o far as I Know, nor Taken Notice of by any H iilorian or Antiquary, either Sacred or Profane, it not being Known for whom they have been Done, 1 Can Give no Further Account of them , and the OtherSjVi^hichare Remark'd, being not Confidcrabie, 1 VV ill Say no more about them : Befides, the' they were all Known, 'twould not be Keedful to Infift longer upon them, becaule they are all Like unto Thole 1 liave already Defcrib'd. THE Third, and next Ancient Sepulchers in the World, are Some of Thofe that are to be Sq^w among the Mountains of Syr;f A N T I E N T S. 5 J Sides of thefe Ante-Grots, fo their Entry is com- monly in the Middle of the Gutter Side, towards the Field, of Dimenfions likewife Uncertain, in Proportion to Thole of the Ante-Grot, whereas on the hmer Sides, towards the Mountain or Hill, the Valley or Plain, are the Doors of the Sepulchers Running off from Thence. And all thofe Grots, whether Single or Double, whether Sepulchers, Ante-Chambers, or Entries, are Cut out af Rock, by the Stroke of a Chizzel, or fome fuch Iron-In- ftrument, upon theSnme,or a Difterent,Level, with one another, or with the Field, fo as always to have their Floor Plain, their SiAs Perpendicular, and their Roof Arch'd, the Arching being Pra^Hs'd, or Contrived, in the Uppermoft Third Part of the Height ^ the Whole roughly and une/enly Done, and not Accompany'd with Monuments 'over them, that Invention not being as yet Known, m thofe Countries, when thofe Sepulchers were Made i Except the Doors of the Sepulchers, which are fomewhat Smoother and more Even than the Reft, and not Arch'd above, but Square every way, foas to be Capable of liaving been Shut up with Stones, of Dimenfions Equal to Theirs, Some of which Stones are ftill to be Seen hard by ;, but the Entries to the Ante-Grots are fo very Rough, and alio lb Ir- regular, both in Dimenfion and Dilpofition, that I did not Obferve t|iey had ever been Shut up. Thefe are certainly the Sepulchers in the World the next Great In Length to Thofe I Delcrib'd laft, and confequently of the next Great Age. They are chiefly to be Met with in the Places I have Men- tion d, which arc in Dilterent Countries, at a Good Diftance from one another ;, where are alio leverai other Sepulchers, but of Dilfereiit Rinds, being Some better, and Some worfe, Done, and confe- quently, of Different Times, when Arts have been better, or worfe, Underftood ^ whereas Thofe I have E 3 iuit 54 -A^ Account of the Sepulghers juft now Defcrib'd, tho' in Different Places, are^con- ftantly, where-ever they be, of the Same Kind, the Manner and Difpofition as well as the Figure and Pirpenfion of them the Same, and Seem to have been Done by Hands that, tho' in Different Coun- tries, and on Different Occafions, at a Good Di- fiance from one another, always Wrought the ^ame Vv'ay, whicli is indeed Rough and Plain, Crying out tlie Rudenefsand Simplicity of the Workmen, and corJequently, they Appear to be all of the SarasTime, when Arts haveftill been but Beginning to be Underftood ^ and as, tor the Reafons I have Given, I am of Opii:j|^n, that Thofe 1 Defcrib'd lafl are the Firft and moft Ancient of the Poftdilu- vian Times, or theTimes after the Flood, ^o Thele 1 have Defcrib'd juft now, I Reckon to be the Se- cond, and the next Ancient, of thofe Same Times. There's One of them that's Said to have been the Sepulcher of Thurah, Abraharn?, FatJier : Tis to be Seen near Charrcs, Anciently, Char.vi^ or Haran^ in Mefo^otamia, in a Valley, upon the EaJ} Side the Euphrates, and the IVcfi of the Alch^ihour^ Ancient- ly, >^rloufe, or Neafolis , originally, Sichem , towards the Same, Fifty from Nazareth, towards the Eafi, and Sixty Five from Jcrufalem, towards the North : 'Tis a Grot Single, Cut out of Rock, at the Bottom of a Hill, above Ground, both the Sepulcher and Entry, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as Above, hard by the Place, where 'tis likewife Said, that aJ^Ielchifedccb met zy^brakam, with Bread and \Vine, and Blels'd him. Receiving the Tithes of all he had, nigh to That, where, they Say, Nuaraan, the Syrian, Wafli'd himfeif in thejordan, to be Cleanled of his Leprof}', by the Prophet Etlfua^ Order, and not far from the Wood of i>ef/3A^/, where, accord- ing to Jofefhusj Thirteen Thoufand Jews were Treacherouilv Slain by Thofe of that Town, and the Valley otjezjael, where the Sacred Iiiliorians Make Mention of Several Bloody Battles that have been Fought. "Tis Certain there is fuch a Sepul- cher, for i have Seen it ;, and "tis Prc;bab!e enough it has been Done for zJMelchlfedech, fince aJlaufes Says expreQy that he Lived and Reigned there. I Know very well, thit tis a Great Qjjeftion' among Tiiitorians, Antiquaries, and Divines, both An- cient and Modern, and among the Chriflian Fa- thers as v.'el! as t\\e Jcvo'.^ Rabbins, who ty/hlchi- fedech was, whether a Man or, .'an Ancel, whether Of the A N T I E N T s. 57 Setriy the Son of Noah^ or Another, of fome other Family, and truly 'tis fo Doubtful that I cannot Determine it '-, for no body Mentioning him but i^lfufes, and he Doing it in fuch an Obfcure Way, I can Make no Conjecture about him. 'Tis likewife a Great Oueftion among Geographers, Antiquaries, and Travellers, where that Town of Salemy in which iiJ^fclchlfedech Dwelt, was, whether in the Royal, or Uluftrious, Valley, as above, or in the Valley of Raphaim, not far ifrom Jerufdem^ towards the Wefly or in the Royal, or King's, Valley, or ct'Jehofaphat, hard by it, towards the North and Eafl, or in the Valley of Morlah, or of Slon, where, according to Jofephus, that Town was firft Built i to which I can Give fome Anfwer. 'Tis Certain, from , or Siofi \ for tho' there has been a Town, as Jofephus Thinks, Named, Salem, thereabouts, which is Uncertain, and tho' both thefe Valleys be Calfd, Royal, or of Kings, yet they were not fo in aJPl^ofei's Time, nor till the Pays of T)avld and Jehofaphat, from whom only •rhey were lb Calfd, nor are they Valleys in tlie Plain, nor do they Ly direilly in dAbraham^s Way home. To which Add, the Authority of St. Je- rome, who Makes it Appear plainly, both from thole Sacred Writers, and from the Beft of the Jemfty Rabbins, that the Royal, or Illuftrious, Valley, with 2:^r's Son, Damafcus, Built a Houfe, and a Village, the Reft, or Remains, of which are ft ill to be Seen there, and Bear the Kanie (^^(iAhraham\ Hut, or Cottage, even unto this Day, nigh to That, where the Converfion of St. Paid Happened, and where there is a Church Built, upon the Spot of Ground where he was Thrown off his Horfe, according to William of Tyr, by the Primitive Chriftians, and DefTerv'd, or Offi- ciated, by the Modern Syrians^ and not far from the Beginning of the Libanus, where upon the Top of a High Mountain, are to be Seen the Veftiges of a Tower, Said to be Thofe of That which Solomo?i Built there, according to the Author of the Books of KingSy and Mentions in his Book of Canticles. 'Tis Certain there is fuch a Sepulcher in that Place, for I have Seen it ^ and 'tis not Improbable it has been Done by or for Damafcusy EUez.er's Son, fmce both Jofcfkis and St. Jerome Agree, that he not only Liv^'d and Dy'd thereabouts, but alfo was a Great Builder, and Lover of Works, and, in Par- ticular, F^ebuilt and Enlarg'd theToAvnof Damaf- cus, which was thereupon, for that Reafon, lb Calfd, from his Name, tho' in the Mean Time, St- Jerome Doubts , whether the Town took its Name from liim, or he Took his from it, and is Inciin'd to Believe the Laft, becaufe the Name of Da?nafcu5j fignifying Red Earth, Seems proper- ly to be Taken from the Redneis of the Earth of the Ground where the Town Stands, and natural- ly to Belong to any Town Built upon that Ground by any One whatibever, and elpecially becaufe, ac- cord iriS;; 0/ //;^ . A N T I E N T 5. 7 I cording to Afofes, Abraham, in CompUiininu; to God of his Want of Heirs, and Talking o'i Eliez,er his Steward, Seems to Infinuate, that the Town of Damafcus was, and w^s lb Call'd, even before his Time, by his Calling him, in hisDifcourfe, Eiiez.cr the Damafcen *, but as for Liicz.cr himfelTs having Dy'd, or been Bury'd, tliere, 'tis very Uncertain -^ for Aiofes Tells us, that he did not Stay behind about Damafcus any where, but Went back along with his Mafter towards Hebro?}, that he was afterwards Imploy'd by Abraham, to Go to IJ.rran^ m yMcfopo- tamia, to Look out for a Wife to his Son Ifa.ic, which he eife^lually did, and that he was entirely Trufted and Belov'd by his Mafler, being his Prin- cipal Servant, having the Command of all he had, and Defign'd to have been his Heir ^ from which it is Doubtful, whether he, at any Time, Left A- braham^s Houfe at Hebron^ and Return'd Home to his own Country of Damafcus, to Live out the Reft of his Days, and Dy, there, or Continued to Live with Abraham, till he Dy'd in his Service, and if fo, whether lie was Bury'd near Hibron, with ^- hraham\ other Servants, of if his Son Dam.ifois took Care to have, him Tranfported from thence Home, that he might be Buried in a Sepulcher of his Own, which he either had Done, or was tb Do, for him, and I can S:\y Nothing to Determine it ;, for no body Mentioning him but Afofes, who is the only Hiftorian of thole Times, and he being Siient about him ever after he Gives an Account of his having Return'd from Mefoputamla, I can Make no Conjecture about it- The People of Da- mafcus, both Turks and Chriflians, and the Jews of Jobar, have a Great Veneration for Abraha-iii's Hutt, or Cottage, as well as for the Sepulcher of Ellez^cr, and Damajcus, whom the Damafccns commonly Believe to have been not only the Rebuilder, but the Firft Founder of their Town j but they are F 4 groU/ 7 2 Jri Account of the S E p u L c H E R s grofly Miftaken, fince, according to r.jr»\7j equal to Half a Crown^ or Dollar^ amon^'the Germans, or Two Shillings and Six 'Pence Englilh, accordinj^ to Gellius, Bii- deus, Melanifthon, r.jid Others ; fo that Ei^ht Jcwi(h Pieces of Sihermake juri an En glifh Pound. 98 An Account of the S E P u l G h E k s f^thofe Hands, andof that Time, of David and Solo- ' mon^. as Appears by Comparing them with Thofe which are certainly of their Time, and One, in Par- ticular, that is the Chief and Principal, being the Greateft i^nd moft Capacious, among them. Cut out in -the moft Eminent Place, in the Very Heart of the Hill, 'tis likewife Certain That is Theirs, Begun by David^ and Finiili'd by Suhmon^ in which they, and Others ot their Family, were Laid- Jo- ji^hus Tells, That Sohmon Repc s'd and Shut up, in that Sepulcher of his Father, a great deal of Trea- fare and Riches i That Hyrcanus^ Piigh Prieft and Governour of Judea, Opened it, and Took out Three Thouland Talents ot Silver:, * That after- wards, as Herod the Elder was alfo Taking a Great Sum from Thence, a Flame of Fire, from Within, Kill d Two of his Guards, whom he Employ'd to r^Bring it out, which Made him Give over his Sa- •.<;rilegious Attempt, and as an Atonement, or A- mends, for his Fault, to Build over it a Fair Mo- nument of White Marble, according to Nicephorus, of which there are Itill fome Pieces to be Seen, Ly- -ing Br'oken about the Foot of the Hill. Paulus Oru- ^ fius Speaks of an E.arth-Quake, which Happened in Judea, in the Emperor Adrians Time, Shook the WhoIeTown of 7e>^^^Mew,and Shatter'djinParticular, the Mount Si(/», where David s Sepulcher was \ and I Believe it has been fo ^ for I Oblerv'd the Rock, there. Broke and Split, in feveral Places, both with- in and without it, whereas I had always Found That -about Other Sepulchers, of much Higher Times, to 3 jhe liill W hole and Firm- Some of the Modern Jfw/, ': as well as the Chrljiians and Turks ^m Palejiine^ eipeci- ally \r, f^,}^otei Thcll a Jewiih Talent of Silver-^ was equal to Three ,^fhoufn,d sJjekus^ 01 Picas-^ that n^ a: many Ctiiw^n^ or Luglilh, •^^^,i^ C>oiv7ij, or^ L>glia>j'i accoidivg to Huccuii i fo that 'titjvji ' Thne itundrcd an^ Sevenijf Five Found JtiJ^i ih. Of the A N T I E N T ?. "^*^ 99 ally Thole of Bethlftn^ are of Opinion, that the Sepulcher of Davtd and Solomon ^ with the Other Kings of their Family, was at Bethltin, in Jud.ihy and not in Mount Sion, and Shew One there, which they Pretend is it -^ but tliey are Wrong *, for tho' what they AUedi^, of Bethlem^s being alfo Calfd, the City of D.tvld, in the Holy Scriptures, efpecially '• Thofe of the New Teflamentj and that there is a Se- • pulcher there,likevvife Said to have been his, even by St. JeromCj who Liv\i there a Long Time, be True, yet it is Plain,from both thefe Authorities, unequally Great and Admirable, that, the Firft is only Meant of that Town, as having been the Place of David's Birth and Education, where the Houle, of which he was a Son, and the Family, of which he was Defcended , were Settled and F.ftabliih'd, and St. Luke, in Particular, Explains himfelf fo, on Pur- pofe, as I Take it, to Make it Appear, that his Meaning there is not the Same with That of S^tmudy- and the other Authors of the Old Tejlamentj when they Mention the City of David, where he, and the other Kings of his Pofterity,were Buried, which, according to them, was certainly upon Mount 5/fln, and the Second of a Sepulcher, which indeed was - Done at Betblcm by David, as St. Jerome Says, and, "' as he Adds, not for himfelf, but for his Father "Jeffe, his Brothers, and Others of his Family on that Side, who, not being Calfd to be Kings elfe- w*here, as he had been. Continued to Live at their Own Home, where they alfo Dy'd and were Bury'd •, as for David, he was Bury'd in a Sepulcher, which he Did for himlelf, and his own Pofterity, in Mount^ Sion, and in a City which he himfelf Built, upon the Same, where, being a King, he alio Reign'd, and Dy'd : So that, tho' Bethlcm bei()metimes Call d, the City of David, yet it is not T hut where he was Bu- ried, and tho' there be a Sepulcher there which §ome Say is his, yet 'tis not That in which he was H 2 Laid i I oo An Account of the Sepulchers Laid :, but the City where he was Bury'd was cer- tainly upon Mount Sion^ and the Sepulcher in which he was Laid in the Same •, and what is Said to the Contrary, bv the People of Bethlem, only Proceeds from their Vanity, and Wilful! Ignorance, as 'tis Pfobable, beine.befirous, perhaps, that it ihould be Believ'd otherwiie, in their Favour, for the Honour of their Town, and^ confequenliy, is not to be Resarxled. There's a.aain Another Said to have been the Sepiilcher of Jeroboam, and Omr:, and the Other Kin'j^s of Ifraety their SuccelTors, Done by Omri and his Son-^Achab, near, anciently in, and, oriiiinnlly, without, Sebifia, originally, Samaria, alio in Pale- jHne, in 3 Valley, among the Mountains of the Same N<^tne, la. Branch of Thofe of Ephraim, and upon the Vli^it Side the Jordnfj, lialf a Mile from the Town, towards the Smth-Eatf, a Qiiarter from the Foot of the Mountains towards the 5ottr^-I're/?-, and Twenty One Miles from the River, towards the S'^me, Forty Two from Jerufalem, towards the IS(orthy Th^r'-y Six from the Sea of Galilee, towards ti;ie Svith-'Veft-, and Fifty from the Mediterranean, towards the £^/?i^ being aGrot Double, of Three An- te-Grots, one witiiin aiK^ther, and Kine Sepulchers, Three on each Inner Side, in jrach, Cut out of Rock, ac the Bottom of a Hill, at the Foot of the Moun- tain S.-r^Tirro^, upon which the Town Stands, above Ground, b.">th .bepulchersand F.ntries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as Above, jult in the Place, where, 'tis alfo Said, a Bloody Battle was Fouaht, betwixt Jeroboam, King of iCr.tcl, and Abijah, King of Judah, in which the Former was Defeated, according to the Author of the Boriks of Chronicles, hard by That, where the Ruins, or Veftiges, of the Walls, Gates, Towers, and other Edifices, of the Town, Built firft by Omri, according to the Author of the Books ofKitigs, and Of //;? A N T I E K T !, tot and afterwards Rebuilt hyHtrodjTi^pofeylfv.'s SaySj'are ftill to be Seen, niiih to That, ' in the Middle of the , Town, on the Top of the Mountain, where are Three Single Grots, which they Say are the Sepulchers ot the Prophets FAi^ha and Obadialy, and of St. John tJie Baptift, who were truly Bury 'd there, accordiilg tO' Sb. Jerome, with a Church Built over them, by St. HHen, which the Turks have Divided into Two Parts, the One being a Church ftill, the , Other Converted into a Mofque, and not far from fThat, on the other Side the Town, in the Bottom ,of a Valiey, where the Village was, as 'tis Said, in which OurSaviour Healed the Ten Lepers, of whom •only One Believ'd in him, according to St. Luke'^ and where a Church is, Built formerly by the Chriftians, but nowbv theTarks Converted intoaMofque. That there is fuch a Sepulcher there is Certain, for I have Seen it *, and that it has been done by Omri and A- chab, for themfelves and Others of their Family, is Probable, fmce 'tis raanifeftly aWorkof thofe Hands, and of that Time, as Appears by Comparing it with the other Works of thofe Same Hands, and that Safne Time, which are very Numerous in and about Samaria, and we are AifurM, from the Author of the Books of ATir^^^, that they Reign'd, Dy'd, and were Buried thereabouts •, but that the ether Kings of Ifrael, their SuccelDrs, have been Lay'd there, is Uncertain, tho' we are Sure they were likewile Buried in or about Samari^i ; And as for Jcrobo.tm, their PredecefTor, his being Laid in the Same, or Bu- ried any were thereabouts, 'tis not only Improb.ible, but down-right Falfe, in, fo much as 'tis Certain he never Liv'd there, Samaria not being Built, nor any other Town in that Place, in his Time, and the Au- thor of the Books of Kings Says expreily, that Je- roboam was Buried with his Fathers, fhat is, either at Zareda, where he was Born, Sixteen Miles from JcrufaUm^ towards the South-lVefl, according to H 3 Somf A N T 1 E N T S. lOJ cond, and Six, Two on each Side, in the Third, in Another, Six Sepulchers, Two on each hmer Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Kine, Three on each Side, in the Second, and Three, One on each Side, in the Third, in a Third, Six Sepulchers, Two on each hier Side, in the Firft Ante^Grot, Three, One on each Side, in the Second, and ]SIine, Three on each Side, in the Third, in the Fourth, Mine Se- pulchers, TJbree on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Six, Two on each Side, in the Second, and Three, One on each Side, in the Third, in the Fifth, and Nine Sepulchers, Three on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Three, One on each Side, in the Second, and Six, Two on each Side, in the Third, in the Sixth \ all Cut out of Rock, at the Bottom of Hills, above Ground, hard by one another, both the Sepulchers and their Entries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Dimenfions, as Above, juft in the Place, where, 'tis likewife Said, a Bloody Battle was Fought, •betwixt Moab and his Children, and the EminSy the Original Inhabitants of that Country, who were afterwards, according to Aiufcs, by the Dukes, or Leaders, o^ Moab, Driven quite out on't, and O- blig'd to Retire further into Arabia, towards the Southy nigh to That, where, they Say, the Angel Appear'd to the Prophet Balaam and his Afs, to Stop him in his Way to the Town, v/hither he was Going, as zJMofes Tells us, to Curfe the Ifraelitesy at the Defire of Balak, King of Muab, not far from That, where, 'tis Said, another Great Battle was Fought, between the Jfraelites, under the Conduct of (ijkfojes, and 5/W/, King of the Amoritesy who was entirely Routed and Deftroy'd by them, and but a Little Way from where, according to Jofe- phujy they Pafs'd thorough the River, ( as afterwards they did thoroui h tlie Jordan, ) which is there Fifty Foot Broad, and Ten Foot Deep, at Leaft. H 4 "Tis ;i 04 An Account of the S E p u L c H E r s -^Tis Certain there are fuch Sepulchers in that Place, fori have Seen them-, and 'tis Probable enough, ill the General, that they have been Done by or for Some of the Captains, or Chief Men, among the Moabltes, fmce 'tis Plain^ from the Sight of them, iJbey are the Works of thofe Ha^ds , and of that Time, and we are Aflfur'd, l>y tj^ofesy they Dwelt, and were Settled, there, where was tiheir Chief Town *, but for whom they have been Done, in Particular, is quite Unknown, and no body can Make any Conjefture about them, be- caufe (i>^i?/>j-, ■ who is the only Hiftorian of that People, and of thofe Times, Gives us but a very General Account of them, and is altogether Silent ;is to their Particular Deaths, or Burials. ■'■ -lii'' There are other Six, that are likewife Said iilth6 General, to have been the Sepulchers of the Lead^- ers, or Chief Men, of the Ammonites, or Children pf Amman, Lot^ other Son, but other wife, in Particular, not Remark'd , to be Seen near ThiUdel^hia,' oviQ^imWy, Rabbath, ?(nd Ammon, oi* Rabhath-Ammon, according to Ptolemy, in ArabUy as Some Say, in Pulefiine, according to Others, and, as again Some Think, in Syria, being upon the Bor-r ders of all Three, in the Valleys, upon the IVefi Side the Mountains Galaad, likewife a Branch of of Thofe of Herman, the South of the River Jabok, a Branch of the Jordan, and the Eafi of That, and th^Sea of Galilee, a Quarter of a Mite from the Town, towards the South-Eafl, Three Quarters from the Firft River, towards the Same, Half a Mile from the Foot of the Mountains, towards the South-Wefl , and Twenty Three Miles from the Sea of Galilee, and the Jordan, towards the Eafiy a Hundred and Fifteen from Herat, towards the North, Fifty Nine from Jerufalem, towards the Same, a Hundred and Thirty from Damafcus, to- wards the Sffuth^ and Two Hundred and Ten from the Of the A N T I E N T 5. 105 thQEuv'yrntes^ towards the U'^/? ; They are Grots Double, of Three Ante-Grots, on within another. Each, and Three Sepuicliers, One on each hmer Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Six, Two on each Side, m the Second, and iMne, Three on each Side, in the Third, in One, Three Sepulchers, One on e;ich Inner Side, in the rirft Ante-Grot, Nine, Tliree on each Side, in the Second , and Six, Two on each Side, in the Third, in Another, Six Sepulchers, Two on each hmer Side, in the Firft Antti-Grot, Nine, Three on each Side, in the Second, and Three, One on each Side, intheThird, in a Third, Six Sepulchers, Two on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot,Three, One on each Side, in the Second, and Nine, Three on each Side, in the Third, in the Fourth, Nine Sepulchers, Three on each hiner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Six, Two onerxhSide, in the Second, and Three, One on each Side, in the Third, in the Fifth, and Nine, Sepul- chers, Three on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante- Grot, Three, One on each Side, in the Second, and Six, Two on each Side, intheThird, in th.e Sixth *, ali Gut out ot Rock, at the Bottom of Hills, above Ground, hard by one another, both the Sepulchers and Entries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Man- ner, and to tlie DimerTions as Above, juft in the Place, where, 'tis aUb Said, a Bloody Battle was FouiAhc, betwixt Ammon and his Children,' and the Zamz.u>7iws, the Original Inhabitants of that Coun- try, who were afterwards, accordinti to Alofes, by the Ammonites, Driven quite out on't, and Oblig'd to Retire, over the Mountains, mto Syriac\T\(iA,abiaj towards theNorth, nia;h to That, where, on theTop of the Mountains, is to be Seen a Mafs, or Heap, of Stones, Thrown together and above one another, which, they Say, is the Same, and in the Same Place, where Laban overtook J^icob, Reproached him with 'Iheft, and his Unhandfom Running away, and af- terwards 1 06 An Account of the S e p u l c H E R s • terwards Made a Covenant with him, both Parties Throwing together a Heap of Stones, to Serve as a Pepetual Sign on't, as Mofes fays, tho' Jofe^hus Calls it an Altar, upon which they Sacrific'd, not far from That, where another Great Battle was Fought, be- twixt Achab, King oflfraely and Jehofaphat, King of Judah, and the Syrians, in which, according to the Author of the Books o^ Kings, Achab was KilVd, and Jehofaohxt narrowly Efcap'd being Taken Pri loner, and but a I'mall Way from the Wood of Ephraim, where Abfdorns Party was entirely Routed, by Da- v'kTs Army, and himfelf KilVd by Joab, as he Hung by the Hair of his Head on the Branch of an Oak-Tree, which, as Sxmuel Tells us. Took Hold of him, as he Fled under it upon his Mule, which Left him Hanging fo, and Went on its Way. That there are fuch Se- pulchers there, is Certain, for I have Seen them ^ and that they have bean Done by or for Some of the Chief Men among the v4w;72<7^7j>c;, is not Improbable, fmce they are manifeftly Works of thatTime, and we are Sure fuch Liv'd, Dy'd, and were Buried thereabouts. There are again other Six, alfo Said to have been the Sepulchers of theChief Menof the//r^c/irej, who Dy'd in the Rei J!;n of Jeroboam, near Naploufe, ?iT\z\Qi\t' \y, Neapolis, cind Nabortha, according to Jo/fpfea^, and, ori^m3.\\y, Slchem, Rni Ephr on, :iCCord\ne, to Mofes, in Palefiine, in the Plains, upon the IVefi Side the Moun- tains Garium, a Branch of Thofe of Ephraim, and of the Jordan, Three Miles from theTown, towards the South-lVefi, Two from the Mountains, and Twenty Four from the River, towards the Same, Thirty Six from JerufaLem, towards the North, FortyTwo from the Sea oi Galilee, towards the South-lVefi^ and Fifty from the Mediterranean, towards the Eafi ^ being Grots Double, of Three Ante-Grots, one within ano- tlier, Each, and Three Sepulchers, One on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Six,Two on each Side, iu the Second, and Kine, Three on each Side, inth^' Third> 0/ ri^e A N TI E N TS. 107 Third, in One, Three Sepulchers, One on each In- ner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Nine, Three on each Side, in the Second, and Six, Two on each Side, in the Third, in Another, Six Sepulchers, Two on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Kine^ Three on each Side, in the Second, and Three, One on each Side, in the Third, in a Third, Six Sepul- chers, Two on each hiner Side, in the Firft A nee- Grot, Three, One on each Side, in the Second, nnd Nine, Three on each Side, in the Third, in the Fourth, Nine Sepulchers, Three on each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Six, Two on each Side, in the second, and Three, One on each Side, in the Third, intheFifth, and Nine Sepulchers, Threeon each Inner Side, in the Firft Ante-Grot, Three, Oi e on each Side, in the Second, aini Six, Two on each Side, in the Third, in the Sixth •, all Cut out ot Rock, at the Foot of Heights, under Ground, hard by oneanother, both Sepulchers and Entries, as well as the Ante-Grots, in the Manner, and to the Di- menfions, as Above juft in the Place, where are the Veftiges of a Well, that's alfo Said to have been Jacob^Sj befide which Our Saviour Sat and Talkd with the Samaritan Woman, as St. JohtJ the Evangc- lift Tells us, with the Ruins of a Church Built over it by the Primitive Chriftians, according to St. JeromCj who Saw it Entire in his Time, ai:d the Stump, or Root, of an Oak-Tree, Said to have been That, un- der which Jaci^b Hid the Strange Gods of hisFamily, as tJVlofes Says, and Bury'd Deborah^ his Mother Re- becca's Nurfe, as Some Think, with a Great Stone hard by it, alfo Said to be That, which Jofma. Plac'd there, according to theAuthorof his Life,as a Lafting Token of the Covenant he Made betwixt God and the People of Ifraely before heDied, nigh to the Field, where was thetieritage, or Ground, of >/