WERNER'S NOMENCLATURE OF COLOURS, ADAPTED TO Zoology, Botany, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Anatomy. and the Arts, By P. SYME. SECOND EDITION. ..... ■ .. . /4y / I 1 1 WERNEK'S NOMENCLATURE OF COLOURS. \ '•-. WERNERS NOMENCLATURE OF COLOUKS, WITH ADDITIONS, ARRANGED SO AS TO RENDER IT HIGHLY USEFUL TO THE ARTS AND SCIENCES, PARTICULARLY Zoology, Botany, Chemistry , Mineralogy , and Morbid Anatomy : ANNEXED TO WHICH ARE EXAMPLES SELECTED FROM WELL-KNOWN OBJECTS IN THE ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL KINGDOMS. BY PATRICK SYME, FLOWER-PAINTER, EDINBURGH; PAINTER TO THE WERNERIAN AND CALEDONIAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. SECOND EDITION. EDINBURGH : PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, EDINBURGH ; AND T. CADELL, STRAND, LONDON. 1821. i i ■ — .- . ■■■■■ B^BH WT £ ■ Printed by James Ballantyne and Co. Edinburgh. WEENEK'S NOMENCLATURE OF COLOURS. A nomenclature of colours, with pro- per coloured examples of the different tints, as a general standard to refer to in the description of any object, has been long wanted in arts and sciences. It is singular, that a thing so obviously use- ful, and in the description of objects of natural history and the arts, where co- 6 lour is an object indispensably necessary, should have been so long overlooked. In describing any object, to specify its co- lours is always useful ; but where colour forms a character, it becomes absolutely necessary. How defective, therefore, must description be when the terms used are ambiguous ; and where there is no re- gular standard to refer to. Description without figure is generally difficult to be comprehended ; description and figure are in many instances still defective ; but description, figure, and colour combined form the most perfect representation, and are next to seeing the object itself. An object may be described of such a colour .. by one person, and perhaps mistaken by another for quite a different tint : as we know the names of colours are frequently misapplied ; and often one name indiscri- minately given to many colours. To re- move the present confusion in the names of colours, and establish a standard that may be useful in general science, parti- cularly those branches, viz. Zoology, Bo- tany, Mineralogy, Chemistry, and Mor- bid Anatomy, is the object of the present attempt. I The author, from his experience and long practice in painting objects which required the most accurate eye to distin- Wa ^wi^^wmmBi 8 guish colours, hopes that he will not be thought altogether unqualified for such an undertaking. He does not pretend indeed that it is his own idea ; for, so far as he knows, Werner is entitled to the honour of having suggested it. This great mineralogist, aware of the import- ance of colours, found it necessary to establish a Nomenclature of his own in his description of minerals, and it is as- tonishing how correct his eye has been ; for the author of the present undertaking went over Werner's suites of colours, be- ing assisted by Professor Jameson, who was so good as arrange specimens of the suites of minerals mentioned by Werner, 9 as examples of his Nomenclature of Co- lours. He copied the colours of these minerals, and found the component parts of each tint, as mentioned by Werner, uncommonly correct. Werner's suites of colours extend to seventy-nine tints. Though these may answer for the de- scription of most minerals, they would be found defective when applied to ge- neral science : the number therefore is extended to one hundred and ten, com- prehending the most common colours or tints that appear in nature. These may be called standard colours ; and if the terms pale, deep, dark, bright, and dull, be applied to any of the standard colours, I I 10 suppose crimson, or the same colour tin- ged lightly with other colours, suppose grey, or black, or brown, and applied in this manner : 1st. -v tinged with Grey. Crimson > Black. J Brown, &c. 3d. -v tinged with Grey. Deep f Crimson i Black. Brown. 5th. -^ tinged with Grey. Bright I Black# Crimson 1 J Brown. 2d. -| tinged with Grey. Pale [ Black> Crimson i J Brown. 4th. -i tinged with Grey. r Dark I Black. Crnnson i J Brown. 6th. "\ tinged with Grey. Dull Crimson ( Black. Brown, &c. If all the standard colours are applied in this manner, or reversed, as grey tinged with crimson, &c. the tints may be mul- r i 11 tiplied to upwards of thirty thousand, and yet vary very little from the stand- ard colours with which they are com- bined. The suites of colours are accom- panied with examples in, or references to, the Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral Kingdoms, as far as the author has been able to fill them up, annexed to each tint, so as to render the whole as com- plete as possible. Werner, in his suites of colours, has left out the terms Purple and Orange, and given them under those of Blue and Yellow ; but, with deference to Werner's opinion, they certainly are as much entitled to the name of colours as green, grey, brown, or any other com- J ^^•^^w^ 12 position colour whatever, and in this work Orange and Purple are named, and arranged in distinct places. To accom- plish which, it was necessary to change the places of two or three of Werner's colours, and alter the names of a few more ; but, to avoid any mistake, the letter W. is placed opposite to all Wer- ner's colours. Those colours in Werner's suites, whose places or names are changed, are also explained, by placing Werner's term opposite to the name given, which was found more appropriate to the com- ponent parts of the changed colours. Those who have paid any attention to colours, must be aware that it is very 13 difficult to give colours for every object that appears in nature ; the tints are so various, and the shades so gradual, they would extend to many thousands : it would be impossible to give such a num- ber, in any work on colours, without great expence ; but those who study the colours given, will, by following Wer- ner's plan, improve their general know- ledge of colours ; and the eye, by prac- tice, will become so correct, that by ex- amining the component parts of the co- lour of any object, though differing in shade or tint from any of the colours given in this series, they will see that it partakes of, or passes into, some one of i P! PVPPWM i .-.•msur **«**»«ia« 14 them. It is of great importance to be able to judge of the intermediate shades or tints between colours, and find out their component parts, as it enables us correctly to describe the colour of any object whatever. Werner's plan for describing the tints, or shades between colours, is as follows : " When one colour approaches slightly to another, it is said to incline towards it ; when it stands in the middle between two colours, it is said to be intermediate ; when, on the contrary, it evidently ap- proaches very near to one of the colours, it is said to fall, or pass, into it." In this 12 m?'\. "** 15 work the metallic colours are left out, because, were they given, they would soon tarnish ; and they are in some mea- sure unnecessary, as every person is well acquainted with the colour of gold, silver, brass, copper, &c. Also the play and changeability of colour is left out, as it is impossible to represent them ; however, they are well known to be combinations of colours, varying as the object is changed in position, as in the pigeon's neck, pea- cock's tail, opal, pearl, and other objects of a similar appearance. To gain a tho- rough knowledge of colours, it is of the utmost consequence to be able to distin- guish their component parts. Werner >' 1 ;- 16 I has described the combinations in his suites of colours, which are very correct ; these are given, and the same plan fol- lowed, in describing those colours which are added in this series. The method of distinguishing colours, their shades, or varieties, is thus described by Werner : " Suppose we have a variety of colour, which we wish to refer to its characteris- tic colour, and also to the variety under which it should be arranged, we first compare it with the principal colours, to discover to which of them it belongs, which, in this instance, we find to be green. The next step is to discover to which of the varieties of green in the sys- 17 tern it can be referred. If, on comparing it with emerald green, it appears to the eye to be mixed with another colour, we must, on comparison, endeavour to dis- cover what this colour is : if it prove to be greyish white, we immediately refer it to apple green ; if, in place of greyish white, it is intermixed with lemon yel- low, we must consider it grass green ; but if it contains neither greyish white nor lemon yellow, but a considerable por- tion of black, it forms blackish green. Thus, by mere ocular inspection, any per- son accustomed to discriminate colours correctly, can ascertain and analyse the different varieties that occur in the Ani- ■ , I 18 mal, Vegetable, and Mineral Kingdoms. In an undertaking of this kind, the great- est accuracy being absolutely necessary, neither time nor pains have been spared to render it as perfect as possible ; and it being also of the first importance, that the colours should neither change nor fade, from long practice and many expe- riments, the author has ascertained that his method of mixing and laying on co- lours will ensure their remaining con- stant, unless they are long exposed to the sun, which affects, in some degree, all material colours ; he has therefore ar- ranged Werner's suites of colours, with his own additions, into a book, and in m 19 that form presents it to men of science, trusting, that by removing the present ambiguity in the names of colours, this Nomenclature will be found a most use- ful acquisition to the arts and sciences. m ♦■I I ■ Since the former edition of this Work was published, Professor Jameson, in his " Treatise on the External Characters of Minerals," makes the following observa- tions. " Many attempts have been made to delineate the different colours that occur in the Mineral Kingdom,, with the view of enabling those who do not possess a mineralogical collection, or who may not be familiar S r I 20 ; | I with colours, to know the different varieties mention- ed in the descriptions of mineralogists. Wiedemann, Estner, Ludwig, and several others, have published tables of this kind ; but all of them were deficient, not only in accuracy, but also in durability. Having the good fortune to possess a Colour-Suite of Mine- rals, made under the eye of Werner, by my late friend H. Meuder of Freyberg, and being desirous of making this collection as generally useful as possible, I men- tioned my wish to Mr Syme, painter to the Werne- rian and Horticultural Societies, who readily under- took to make a delineation of all the varieties in the collection. This he executed with his usual skill and accuracy ; adding, at the same time, to the series se- veral other colours, which he has distinguished by appropriate names, and arranged along with those in the Wernerian System. The whole have been pub- lished in a series of tables, in a treatise which ought to be in the hands of every mineralogist, and indeed in the possession of naturalists of every description. " The older and some of the modern mineralogists, in their descriptions of the species of minerals, use only single varieties of colour. It was Werner who first made the remark, that single varieties are not T 21 «■ characteristic, and that it is only by using the whole rano-e or suite of the mineral, that we are enabled to employ this character with advantage. Thus, it is not sufficient to say that epidote is green, that beryl is green, or that topaz is yellow ; we must mention every variety of colour which these minerals possess, because each species of mineral is expressed by a par- ticular suite or group of colours, " Although colours are frequently applied by bo- tanists for distinguishing species of plants, particu- larly in the class cryptogamia, still they in general hesitate in employing them in the discrimination of plants in the higher divisions of the system. It is alleged that the colours of plants change very readily, particularly when cultivated in our gardens, and that, therefore, so variable a character should not be at- tended to. It is not denied, that the colours of plants frequently undergo very considerable changes when cultivated in our gardens ; but these domesticated plants are no longer the natural unaltered species, and therefore are not objects of the attention of the systematic botanist. It is also known, that plants, even in their natural situations, owing to disease, ex- perience great changes in their colours ; but these ' ■ ■■om *?■>?&■''. ■^■■i 22 diseased individuals would surely never be taken by the botanist for characteristic examples of the species. Indeed it is highly probable, that every species of plant, in its natural region, has a determined colour, or suite of colours. Hence colours may be used as a most interesting character, particularly in those sys- tems of botany which are termed Natural. " This character may also be advantageously used in giving correct ideas of the changes of colour which plants experience by cultivation, or when removed from their natural soil and climate. Interesting co- loured maps might be constructed, to shew the gene- ral changes in the colour of the vegetable world from the equator towards the poles ; and the difference of colours in vegetables in the two hemispheres, and in the Old and New World. " In the Animal Kingdom, the number of colours is very great. They often form the most striking feature in the external appearance of the species; and hence have been considered by systematics as affording discriminating characters of much value. The agriculturist, engaged in the breeding of ani- mals, often witnesses striking changes in their co- lours, and these varieties of colour, either alone, or i 'M 23 conjoined with other characters, characterize his dif- ferent breeds. But here, as in botany, a regular sys- tematic Nomenclature of Colour is much wanted. " The anatomist will find it much to his advantage, to use in his descriptions some regular and fixed stand- ard of colours ; and in Morbid Anatomy, in particu- lar, the importance of such an aid will be immediately perceived : Thus, the various changes in the animal system, from the slightest degree of inflammation to complete gangrene, are strikingly marked by the dif- ferent colours the parts assume. Accurate enumera- tions of these colours as they occur in single varieties, or in groups, conjoined with descriptions of the changes in form, transparency, lustre, consistency, hardness, structure, and weight, observable in the diseased parts, will convey an accurate conception of the diseased parts to those who have not an opportunity of seeing it. But to effect this, the anatomist and surgeon must agree on some fixed nomenclature, not only of colour, but also of form, transparency, lustre, consistency, hardness, and structure ; and a better model cannot be pointed out than that contrived by Werner, for the description and discrimination of minerals. ■ 24 ( Lastly, the chemist will have daily opportunities of experiencing its utility ; and the meteorologist, and the hydrographer, by the use of an accurate and stand- ard table of colours, will be enabled, in a much more satisfactory manner than heretofore, to describe the sides and meteors of different countries, and the nu- merous varieties of colour that occur in the waters of the ocean, of lakes and rivers." / WHITES . m Name s . Colours J Ijji mal Snow White. Redcus/i White . Jhupltsh While. Breast of the black headed Gull. Eg// of Grey Li 'mi el. Junction at die .\'cck eunl Back of die Kiil i wake Gull . Ve ge table . Snow Drop. Hack oftlie Porcelnin Chri.dmasRose . Bart A. . MlJfER-AE . Carara Marble mid Cab- Sinter . White Geranium or Stork.? Bid. Array unite . ielloivisli IVhUe. 8 Orange coioirrcei White . Greenish Ifhite . Skinuiial milkWhite. Greyish White . Ei/re I ■ Breast of White or Screech Owl . Tent Coverts of Golden crested Wren. IT/iwdiorii Blossom. Chalk and Tripoli,. Lare/e Wild Convolvulus . Bohjanifais Harcissus . White of the Unman Eyeballs Inside. On ill- feathers of die Eittiwake . Back ofthcBctah of Bhie Hepaiica. Ifhite Kambiax/h Grapes. French Porcelain Clay. Calc Sihfrr. Common Opal ■ Granular Limes roi 1 1' . COMPONENT PARTS OF THE COLOUES GIVEN IN THIS SERIES. WHITES. No. 1. Snow White, is the characteristic colour of the whites ; it is the purest white colour ; being free of all intermixture, it resembles new-fallen snow. W. 2. Reddish White, is composed of snow white, with a very minute portion of crimson red and ash grey. W. 3. Purplish White, is snow white, with the slightest tinge of crimson red and Ber- lin blue, and a very minute portion of ash grey. II i 26 No. 4. Yellowish White, is composed of snow white, with a very little lemon yellow and ash grey. W. 5. Orange-coloured White, is snow white, with a -very* small portion of tile red and king's yellow, and a minute por- tion of ash grey. 6. Greenish White, is snow white, mixed with a very little emerald green and ash grey. W. 7, Skimmed-milk White, is snow white, mixed with a little Berlin blue and ash grey. W. 8. Greyish White, is snow white, mixed with a little ash grey. W. GREYS. 2Y? Names . Colours Animal, . Vegetable, Mineral . 9 Ash Breast of long failed Ben Titmouse . — Fresh Tl'ood ashes Flint . 10 Smoke Greu . Breast of the Boloh round the Be/1 . Flint . 11 French CrTri/ . Breast of Bed. Wag tail . 12 Pearl Greu . Backs of hi ack headed and Kittiwake Guffs ■ Back of Petals of Purple tlejiati ca . Force! mn Jasper. 13 TdUmrish Tent coverts nt Graf . Wlu'te Rump . Stems of the Barherrii . Common fatcedo/ig . 1 14 B/m'sh Back, an/7 tail Grey- 1 Coverts Wood Pig eon . Limestone 15 Greenish 1 Greg. Qui 11 leal hers of the Rohm . Barf of Ash Tree . Clay State. Wackc . 16 Bfach'shM Back of Grey. Nuthatch . 01 /I Sterns of Hawthorn . Flint . 27 GREYS. No. 9. Ash Grey, is the characteristic colour of Werner's greys ; he gives no de- scription of its component parts ; it is composed of snow white, with por- tions of smoke and French grey, and a very little yellowish grey and car- mine red. W. 10. Smoke Grey, is ash grey mixed with a little brown. W. .11. French Grey, nearly the steel grey of Werner, without the lustre, is greyish white, with a slight tinge of black and carmine red. 12. Pearl Grey, is ash grey mixed with a little crimson red and blue, or bluish grey with a little red. W. 28 No. 1 3. Yellowish Grey, is ash grey mixed with lemon yellow and a minute portion of brown. W. 14. Bluish Grey, is ash grey mixed with a little blue. W. 15. Greenish Grey, is ash grey mixed with a little emerald green, a small portion of black, and a little lemon yellow. W. 16. Blackish Grey, blackish lead grey of Werner without the lustre, is ash grey, with a little blue and a portion of black. BLACKS w AX [.MA I. VEGETABLE MINERAL. h "ater (>i/,fil . Breast and vpper J'art of Book of Water ti<-n ■ Za/'g est Slack Slug Crowberr\ Basalt Black Cobalt Ochre ■ Breast of-Lapn ing Olu/lrnuit It i/ni Coverts of Block Cork . WornbtenUe i '<• n /'.'<■ . Mica Spots i'ii Largs lliti./s Jhrni fff ofTyqer Moth. ■,,,.", Oaven Ore Breast ol rocnara liiuk. liirrv ■•■ M,./ t -. 'j'nil feathers 01 ' Slack Cook ■ {Black of Rod and Blaok West- Jnrfiirn J'cits. Obsidian ■ 29 BLACKS. No. 17. Greyish Black, is composed of velvet black, with a portion of ash grey. W 18. Bluish Black, is velvet black, mixed with a little blue and blackish grey. W. 19. Greenish Black, is velvet black, mixed with a little brown, yellow, and green. W. 20. Pitch, or Brownish Black, is velvet black, mixed with a little brown and yellow. W. 21. Reddish Black, 'is velvet black, mixed with a very little carmine red, and a small portion of chesnut brown. 22. Ink Black, is velvet black, with a little indigo blue in it. . 30 No. 23. Velvet Black, is the characteristic colour of the blacks ; it is the colour of black velvet. W. ■ '•.. BLUE S 24 AX I M XI, Scotch Blue 2'/iroat ofjitue Tittninise . VKG-JCTABLK Stamina of 'Angle 7'nrptr . inenume. iiissuui Blue . \Beuutu Spot on ftm/j of MoliurJ Drake.. Af IN KB AX Hhie Capper Ore.. Stamina at 'Bluish /{/,, e Purple Anemone ■ \ Copvgr Ore Imliqo Pi' China Blue 26 t A zure Blue . BJamchztes i\ zterw 30 / lira marine Blue . 31 /''io.r- flower Blue. Serin Blue. 32 33 I 'c/% //'//<'/> Blue 34 V Grcenisi Blue or, yish Btut . Breast ofEmeralcL- crested Manakm Book Tarts of Gentian Flower. Blue- Copper Ore. Grape iti/acimil . Gentian . Upper Side of the. Wvnas of .email Fine IJeaiA Butte- ftp. Blue Copper- Ore from Cliessv Blue Copper Ore Lii/I,/ Parts of the Margin of the Whigs ofDeiils Butterfly. iorrage . -Azure Stone orZapis Lazub,. Win a Feathers of Jan. Flax t'loie, Blue Copper Ore llcpatiea ■ Blue Sapphire. Lenticular Ore. Great Fennel 7urauois. Blower ■ Flo a/ 1 Si \.Baeh o flu'ite'liimouse Small Fennel Flower ■ iw opar ■ iron Earifu. ft ■■■■MP JHP^PI 31 BLUES. No. 24. Scotch Blue, is Berlin blue, mixed with a considerable portion of velvet black, a very little grey, and a slight tinge of carmine red. W. 25. Prussian Blue, is Berlin blue, with a considerable portion of velvet black, and a small quantity of indigo blue. 26. Indigo Blue, is composed of Berlin blue, a little black, and a small portion of apple green. 27. China Blue, is azure blue, with a little Prussian blue in it. 28. Azure Blue, is Berlin blue, mixed with a little carmine red : it is a burning colour. W. 32 No. 29. Ultramarine Blue, is a mixture of equal parts of Berlin and azure blue. 30. Flax-Flower Blue, is Berlin blue, with a slight tinge of ultramarine blue. 31. Berlin Blue, is the pure, or character- istic colour of Werner. W. 32. Verditter Blue, is Berlin blue, with a small portion of verdigris green. 33. Greenish Blue, the sky blue of Werner, is composed of Berlin blue, white, and a little emerald green. W. 34. Greyish Blue, the smalt blue of Werner, is composed of Berlin blue, with white, a small quantity of grey, and a hard- ly perceptible portion of red. W. m furfi.es . •v+ 45 IcwenJw J^urjiL- . Tale Jllackisli hirpte . ZagrffiParts if Spots an ////> under Ih'nqs Driri/ Zarender <>/ 7'i'iiri,i-A-/:„//,- r /7 l /. Mowers. /'nni/iiiii .lllSjUT, /'lU-tl'/lll/l Jasper, S3 PURPLES. No. 35. Bluish Lilac Purple, is bluish purple and white. 38. Bluish Purple, is composed of about equal parts of Berlin blue and car- mine red. 37. Violet Purple, violet blue of Werner, is Berlin blue mixed with red, and a little brown. W. 38. Pansy Purple, is indigo blue, with car- mine red, and a slight tinge of raven black. 39- Campanula Purple, is ultramarine blue and carmine red, about equal parts of each : it is the characteristic co- lour. C 34 No. 40. Imperial Purple, is azure and indigo blue, with carmine red, about equal parts of each. 41. Auricula Purple, is plum purple, with indigo blue and much carmine red. 42. Plum Purple, the plum blue of Wer- ner, is composed of Berlin blue, with much carmine red, a very little brown, and an almost imperceptible portion of black. W. 43. Red Lilac Purple, is campanula pur- pie, with a considerable portion of snow white, and a very little carmine red. 44. Lavender Purple, the lavender blue of Werner, is composed of blue, red, and a little brown and grey. W. 45. Pale Bluish Purple, is lavender purple mixed with a little red and black. - N". (JKKKXS. Names Colours Ajs r ai AX TEC*«fcJUM£B JWjlVERAT, 4(> I'l'/ani/uu Green* r/ia/tena Mirn/mvLrrui . Jiack afTiLTsHagt Leaves. Jfe/yl . 47 Maim ■litm Green. . 1 'luil mm I irtdaiia . flm/,/i£& of Grass Fields. Sweet SuijarTcar I 'ran Mica ■ 55 Duck Green JVecJc of Mallard? I'pper Disk. oJ Yew leaves Ceplantic 5G i 1 Green ■ 1 1'iuler Side of fewer 1 H intjs of Orcnuie tip HiM.-nlv . I'pper Disk of Heaves oi woody Night Shade . 57 Pistachio 1 1 jVeek. of Etchr J)rake Green ■ Ifipe 7'aund iPccfj* . Swpmcnv like Saxifrage* . Cn/sohie . Benfl . 5a 5 3 60 ./spur a - l/ILf Green ■ Jirhnslane ftullcrilv . * ( 'arieqatcd Horse -Shoe Gei iiniiun . Olive Green,. Oil Green ■ ■ Folia a c of Aic/aunt vitee- A'p/dole Olverw i>re. Animal (aid Shell 1 common Waier Srual. Wo np are il nipple li-oni iJir Wall . fie tl/ 1 i 01 L i VisTart /■i in/ ■ Sisl.iji . J'ipe Coe£btutf> fear . Jrisli I'i/elier apple-. I Tan Mica ■ a 37 blue, much gamboge yellow, and a very little carmine red. No. 56. Sap Green, is emerald green, with much saffron yellow, and a little chesnut brown. 57. Pistachio Green, is emerald green mixed with a little lemon yellow, and a small quantity of brown. W. 58. Asparagus Green, is pistachio green, mixed with much greyish white. W. 59. Olive Green, is grass green mixed with much brown. W. 60. Oil Green, is emerald green mixed with lemon yellow, chesnut brown, and yellowish grey. W. 61. Siskin Green, is emerald green mixed with much lemon yellow, and a little yellowish white. W. 38 YELLOWS. No. 62. Sulphur Yellow, is lemon yellow mixed with emerald green and white. W. 63. Primrose Yellow, is gamboge yellow mixed with a little sulphur yellow, and much snow white. 64. Wax Yellow, is composed of lemon yellow, reddish brown, and a little ash grey. W. 63. Lemon Yellow, the characteristic co- lour of the yellow series of Werner, the colour of ripe lemons ; W. it is found to be a mixture of gamboge yellow and a little ash grey : being a mixed colour, it cannot be adopted as the characteristic colour ; the cha- racteristic colours of the blues, reds, ■■MM l*Sfe' YE L.LOWS. ¥0. . Names Colour -S ANIMAL VEGETABLE MINERAL 62 Sulphur Yellow. Yellow Par i.r oC/arpo lira a on J'li/. Yarious Coloured Snap elrap on ■ Sulphur 63 Primrose Yellow. Pule Canary Eire! . Viild Primrose /'ale oolojireel Snl/duir. - 64 "Wax Yellow. Zarva of 'liu-iir Water Bee&e ■ Creenisli Tarts . 1 1 >n/>, rood d/fph '■ ■ S,'iiu Op.il ■ 65 jLemOTl 7 ./■ (barge wasp err TeUour. ffarnet ■ Ahruld/V Yellaw Crpimritt . 66 ! Gamboge. Ye How ■ h iut/.v 0/ ' h'olililiuYli. Canary -Bird . Jelloir daj'inine ■ 11/ r/1' colorcrcd. sYidplmr . 67 Yellow . J/iurl 0/' ' Cohb r n /'Iwiisiuvl ■ i'o/loW 'J'ulip ■ I hicpic Tod ■ 68 ,S hi 'Iron Jollow. B -/'til to 1 wiJ or' Co /den / hett.t'iTiil . Aniherr oi ' An/f'ro/i Crocus: 1 MMiimf ■fl ■ YEIIOITS. s? IN ames Colo lll'S AJVptTAX. \ 'HCTTABI/K. MiMItRAL. ~t 69 1'ii/Litene 1 >?//W. /ra7/.e/i)7ms. J7arvq olddpple . 70 tJmuy WZairer/ J artf e/'Ser/x- IWhm: 1 vf-Bir&ffJ'gradbpe, F7uoi-Spr. : Srea.rt of 'Teat 'Jtralr, -. 1 i 1 7'aree/aiii ■ tamper . ... ! J 39 and yellows ought to be pure and free from all intermixture with any- other colour ; gamboge, as the purest yellow colour, is adopted instead of lemon yellow, as the characteristic colour of the yellows. No. 66. Gamboge Yellow, is the characteristic colour. 67. King's Yellow, is gamboge yellow, with a small portion of saffron yellow. 68. Saffron Yellow, is gamboge yellow, with gallstone yellow, about equal parts of each. * 69. Gallstone Yellow, is gamboge yellow, with a small quantity of Dutch orange, and a minute proportion of honey yellow. 1 40 No. 70. Honey Yellow, is sulphur yellow mixed with chesnut brown. W. 71. Straw Yellow, is sulphur yellow mixed with much greyish white and a little ochre yellow. W. 72. Wine Yellow, is sulphur yellow mixed with reddish brown and grey, with much snow white. W. , 73. Sienna Yellow, is primrose yellow, with a little ochre yellow. 74. Ochre Yellow, is sienna yellow, with a little light chesnut brown. W. 75. Cream Yellow, is ochre yellow mixed with a little white, and a very small quantity of Dutch orange. W. M^I^MrttoHMiHa ORAJSTfrE . TV? Karnes 70 77 dJufelt Orange AH'IMAL. A ( f run<)e. It -est of 'Golden crcstee Wren . VKCITAIJT.I', Stheaar/from iheJZye of 'the -Eing IFis/ier . T/fcAWkjftuff gftfte t^ddo/i Pfu-a,reuit, di t *y ofihe Warty -1 eir/ , ayes of '/lie largest MeshJEhi. Common Marigold,, Seedpodef' Spindle thee Stamina of' file targe /Hide Cudus. MlXKKA I.. Streak of lied ' (hfoiiient . WabvTite. Jndian Cress. Style of the I ., ' ' r -, ', i>rn\ili,ui Ih-anqeLily. i _/ Oil II I . Lotrer flimi.r -jj of I Tuoer JFoth. ■ lhi/f'1/thi'.'.-rus. __L GoldTtsh Scarlet IiuHre aisfracted ' ^'"'^'.'/to/i ' j tipple. ■■■HMBMHBI 41 > 4 No. 76. Dutch Orange, the orange yellow of Werner, is gamboge yellow, with car- mine red. W. 77. Buff Orange, is sienna yellow, with a little Dutch Orange. ■ 78. Orpiment Orange, the characteristic co- lour, is about equal parts of gamboge yellow and arterial blood red. 79. Brownish Orange, is orpiment orange, with a little hyacinth red, and a small quantity of light chesnut brown. - i 1 80. Reddish Orange, is buff orange mixed with a considerable portion of tile red. 81. Deep Reddish Orange, is Dutch orange mixed with much scarlet red. - \ -^44 42 REDS. No. 82. Tile Red, is hyacinth red mixed with much greyish white, and a small por- tion of scarlet red. W. 83. Hyacinth Red, is scarlet red, with le- mon yellow and a minute proportion of brown. 84. Scarlet Red, is arterial blood red, with a little gamboge yellow. 85. Vermilion Red, is scarlet red, with a minute portion of brownish red. 86. Aurora Red, is tile red, with a little arterial blood red, and. a slight tinge of carmine red. W. 87. Arterial Blood Red, is the characteristic colour of the red series. RED Wf ^Nantes Colours . Animai . Vegetable . MlSMAl. 82 Tile led,. Breast of the Cock BuHPm,ck . Shruihy Pimpcrn/d . Porcelain Jasper . 83 Ib/arintA 1 Bed Spots of the Seel. Li/goais ApterusRu/ . Med, ootjijz ao/dsti RermeMe Apple . Byajrinih . 84 Scarlet Bee/. Scarlet Ibis or Curlew, Mark em //cad of Red Grouse . Zaj-c/e red Oriental Poppy, Red Parts of red and blask Indian Peas. Liaht red Ciimaber. 85 VermiHwn 1 Red . Bed Coral . Love Apple. Cmnahrr, I 86 Aurora Bed. Vent converts erf Pied Wood- Pecker . Bed on ilu: Waked Apple . Bed Or pint cat . 87 Arterial Headl o/~th.e. Ce>ck Blood RcdM &old-fmjJi, . Corn, Poppa, Cherry . 88 Flesh Red . 1 Human Skxh . Zarkspnr . Ecavu Spar, Limestone . K9 Rose Red . Common tra/den Rose . Piaure Stone . i DO Peach Blossom Red . i Peach Blossom . Med, Cobalt Ore . ■ ^ ^ L "v^liv,: '" '.\ i . mtM ■;■"•. .^:. ■n'ifi%- , ^>- KXS ■ RE D . ■■■■bpi ■hump 93. Crimson Red, is carmine red, with a little indigo blue. W 43 No. 88. Flesh Red, is rose red mixed with tile red and a little white. W. 89. Rose Red, is carmine red, with a great quantity of snow white, and a very small portion of cochineal red. W. 90. Peach Blossom Red, is lake red mixed with much white. W. v 91. Carmine Red, the characteristic colour of Werner, is lake red, with a little arterial blood red. W. ■ t 92. Lake Red, the crimson red of Werner, is arterial blood red, with a portion of Berlin blue. W , i ^^Hi I 44 No. 94. Purplish Red, the columbine red of Werner, is carmine red, with a little Berlin blue, and a small portion of indigo blue. W. 95. Cochineal Red, is lake red mixed with bluish grey. W. 96. Veinous Blood Red, is carmine red mixed with brownish black. W. 97. Brownish Purple Red, the cherry red of Werner, is lake red mixed with brownish black, and a small portion of grey. W. 98. Chocolate Red, is veinous blood red mixed with a little brownish red. 99. Brownish Red, is chocolate red mixed with hyacinth red, and a little chesnut brown. W. ■ **m4H ■ I 1 h n o w x s . V" ffaines.i Colours, Akimai.. ilOO Deep 0/il7ll/t'- ■oloiired Brown . \o\ Vkcstablk . UtmVRAX Bead ot /','c//i ird . Win a coverts- at' j Female Spike of Slu-ldrake . I'at.slail Seed . Deep Reddish Drown . Breast of Pochard, and Seek of Teal Drake . 102 Umber Brown . Dead Leaver of arcen Panic Grass, Brown Blends . Moor Buzz aril Disk of Rabech'a . 10.3 t'hrsrnrt Brown . .Seek: ana 1 Breast of Bed Grouse . Oicmnis . Egyptian Jasper . lO-1 Jellowisli Brown . Lie/hi Brown Spots an tiainea-Pit] . Breast ofMoapoe . In n Flint J ana common Jasper . 10 5 Wood Brown Common Weasel . Liah't parts of Feathers u i ■*> ' , Haze! .} ni In i' B, 1 6k ol 'the Snipe . Motartedn Wood. . 106 Over Brown Middle Tarts of Feathers of Bin Pheasant , and Willi/ coverts ol' Grosoeak . 107 Bair Brown Mead ol Pintail fjitc/'. Sen CpaL. - r ..._.. _ i ' It; (J ?:/i . 1— J ion linrroh Bron it . I Bmd of Black he-tiled Hull . Zirco Clove IO0 llrown Head and Seel of Stems of Black Ari'titc , Male Hestril . t arrant Bush . Rock Crista! . JIO BUchsh llrown . Stornti/ ieti-H. Winn Coverts or' Idaek I'ock . loreliead of Foumart M'neral fitch . ~i % -» 45 BROWNS. No. 100. Deep Orange-coloured Brown, is ches- nut brown, with a little reddish brown, and a small quantity of orange brown. 101. Deep Reddish Brown, is chesnut brown, with a little chocolate red. ■ ■ 102. Umber Brown, is chesnut brown, with a little blackish brown. 103. Chesnut Brown, the characteristic co- lour of the browns of Werner's se- ries, W. is deep reddish brown and yellowish brown. m 104. Yellowish Brown, is chesnut brown mixed with a considerable portion of lemon yellow. W. 46 No. 105. WoodBrown, is yellowish brown mixed with ash grey. 106. Liver Brown, is chesnut brown mixed with a little black and olive green. 107. Hair Brown, is clove brown mixed with ash grey. W. 108. Broccoli Brown, is clove brown mixed with ash grey, and a small tinge of red. W. 101). Olive Brown, is ash grey mixed with a little blue, red, and chesnut brown. W. 110. Blackish Brown, is composed of ches- nut brown and black. W. %$■■'**; -;>'.;;■+ j*H ?i 47 LIST OF COLOURS CHANGED FROM WERNER S ARRANGEMENT. Werner's Names Milk White. Blackish Lead Grey, but with- out lustre. Steel Grey,, but without lustre. Smalt Blue. Sky Blue. Violet Blue. Plum Blue. Lavender Blue. Orange Yellow. Crimson Red. Columbine Bed. Cherry Red. Changed to Skimmed Milk White. Blackish Grey. French Grey. Greyish Blue. Greenish Blue. Violet Purple. Plum Purple. Lavender Purple. Dutch Orange. Lake Red. Purplish Red. Brownish Purple Red. ^31 = kSsflWS t I ■ I spCcthL IG63 L tfRAPf