Kansome Concrete Machinery Company CHARLES H. STANTON APR 25 1908 MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS ;: DUNELLEN, N. J. :: ®EC 15 1§08 SALES OFFICES 11 Broadway 1133 Broadway 6 Beacon street Chemical Bldgr., Commonwealth Bldg. Machesney Bldg-., Atlas BldR-.. Candler Bldg-.. Monadnock Bldg., Victoria Square, Caxton House, Ihie Kazuhara Mines & vSmelter Supply Co., Mexico Ivincoln Savings Bank Bldg , L,ouisville, Ky. New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Boston, Mass. St. Ivouis, Mo. Phila.. Pa. Pittsburg, Pa, San Francisco, Gal. Atlanta, Ga. Chicago, 111. Montreal, Can. I^ondon, England Tokio, Japan LEONAUD PRESS, NEW YORK CITY 3 Ransome Concrete Machinery The 1908 Models This handbook of concrete machinery illustrates and describes in some detail the machinery manufac- tured by the Ransome Concrete Machinery Co. The main line of this machinery is of course the Ransome non-tilting batch concrete mixer, which is explained in all its details of dimensions, capacities, weights, etc. The Ransome Mixer, however, is only one of a long list of devices, apparatus, and tools manufactured by this firm for mixing concrete, for handling concrete and concrete materials, for depositing and compacting concrete and for finishing concrete surfaces. These other devices and tools are, like the Ransome Mixers, illustrated and described in detail. Features of the book, on which some stress is laid, are the technical discussions of difTerent types of mixers, the descrip- tions of lal)or and cost saving methods, and the exact and careful descriptions of the various devices and methods used in practical operation. No firm whose activities in the field of concrete engineering are so broad in scope, or whose experience in manufacturing and using concrete and concrete machinery is of such long standing as are the activities and experience of this firm, can give in a catalog more than a fragment of the information in its possession. To all who do not find their query answered and their problem solved in this Handbook we extend a cordial invita- tion to write us for further information. The Ransome Factory. — The accompanying pic- tures. Figs. I, 2 and 3, are characteristic views of part 4 5 of the new buildings composing the plant of the Ran- some Concrete Machinery Co., at Dunellen, N. J. The exterior view shows the power house and one of the main shop buildings. When completed the plant will comprise four of these shop buildings placed four square in a 200 by 1,200 foot lot with ample space be- tween buildings for railway tracks, cranes, platforms, etc. The building shown in the photograph is 592 feet long and 54 feet wide, and is constructed with reinforced concrete sidewalls and steel roof trusses. The interior views explain themselves. That of the erecting floor is particularly significant as showing the number of machines in process of erection at one time. It is to be noted here that we do not make mixers "upon order" as other manufacturers do. We make machines and store them to meet the demand, instead of manufacturing on the usual ''hand to mouth plan.'' Ransome machines are made in lots of ten to twelve of one kind, thus reducing the cost. We endeavor to keep a stock on hand, but we cannot always do this in face of the great demand. The sizes and types rotate, however, swinging through the circle in two weeks, so that you are sure to get at least a two week's de- livery. With our new plant even as it stands, only one-fourth its ultimate size, we have the largest plant in the world devoted exclusively to the manufacture of concrete machinery, and our customers may feel as- sured that their orders will be promptly filled. The Designers of Ransome Mixers. — Members of this firm have had long experience as contractors and concrete engineers. Under their own supervision they have used the machines and tools offered for sale in these pages. And, as users of their own concrete } ) 6 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/ransonneconcretenn00rans_1 7 plants, they have developed and improved every de- vice to the present state of simplicity and efficiency. In these pages nothing experimental is offered. Yet we have been leaders in experimenting with a view to improving our machines and tools, but we have always made the experiments before placing the finished product on the market, not afterward. The Ransome Patents. — A study of the Ransome inventions as listed in the United States patent office is a most interesting one as showing the evolution of the present Model Ransome Mixer. Mr. Ernest L. Ransome was the pioneer in mixers, as he was in con- crete construction and for the past twenty years we have manufactured concrete mixers embodying the ideas of Mr. Ransome as gained through his wide ex- perience as a concrete engineer. Fig. 4 illustrates a few steps in the process of evolution, the illustrations used being copies of various patent drawings. For the past year, as for twenty years past, we have kept one or more experimental machines in con- stant operation in our field laboratory, trying out suggestions made from time to time 1)y our customers, or others. Our facilities for experimental work cannot be approached by any one in this line of business, and we are, therefore, always a year or more in advance of all competition. Our success has been such as to call forth many imitators who are infringing our patent rights. We control U. S. patent on the essential features of our machines, and, inasmuch as the users as well as the manufacturers of infringing devices are liable under the law, we publish below a list of Letters Pa- i / CO 9 tent controlled by us, with a brief description of the patented device, as described in the patent Specifica- tions. We believe these descriptions v^ill serve to protect the public against manufacturers w^ho are imitating our lines, pending the result of present litigation. We quote in each case the claim in the patent specifica- tions which most clearly sets forth the essential fea- tures of the patent. The complete specification can be procured by application to the U. S. Patent Ofhce. Patent No. 490631, January 24, 1893. — The ap- paratus for delivering the^ several ingredients for con- crete to a mixer in automatically proportioned quan- tities, consisting of a row of containing chambers sit- uated above a conveyor and athwart its line of travel, each having an independent discharge opening and regulating gate through which the contents of the chambers are gauged and carried by the conveyor be- low the chambers directly to the mixer underneath, substantially as described. Patent No. 694575, March 4, 1902. — A mixer, con- taining a multiple series of 1)affle-plates, each series of which consists of two tiers of plates, the plates of one tier alternating in height with those of the other tier, substantially as described. Patent No. 694579, March 4th, 1902. — A hoisting- tub on a bail wherein it overturns by its own weight, in combination with fixed guides upon which the bail moves, a stop to prevent the tub from overturning too far, and a guide-rail in front of the tub which re- tains the tub in position and upon the top of which the tub tips, substantially as described. 10 Delivery SMe FeecJ Side Blade Arrangetrieiit 1908 Model DeJivery Side Fig-. 6. Arrangement of Blades II Patent No. 761541, May 31st, 1904. — A concrete mixer having an imperforate revolnte member pro- vided with a head at its inlet end, bafflers of opposite hand disposed in and revokible v^ith said member, and a reversible driving mechanism operatively related to said member for rotating it and the bafflers in either direction at will ; one of said bafflers and the head being effective in piling the material in the path of the other baffler when said member is rotated in one direction. Patent No. 770477, Sept. 20, 1904. — A machine of the class described, having an imperforate re- volnble member open at one end, a baffler within said member and nnattached thereto, and co-operating de- vices on said member and the baffler for insnring the rotation of the latter with the former, said baffler being withdrawable endwise throngh the open end of the mem))er. Patent 782052, February 7, 1905. — The combination with a mixer, comprising a revoluble mixing-drnm having an open charging end, of a hopper compris- ing two angnlarly-disposed, rigidly-connected mem- bers lying at said charging end of the drnm and ex- tending ontward therefrom, means for pivotally mounting the hopper, whereby to allow the outward member of the hopper to move so that the base there- of may be in close proximity to and substantially par- allel with the horizontal plane of the base of the ap- paratus when the hopper is in its outward position and to allow the inner member of the hopper to swing into the said open charging end of the drum when the hopper is in its inner position, and means for operat- ing the hopper. 01 .s W o o w 13 Patent No. 814803, March 13, 1906. — A mixing ap- paratus having a revoUible drum adapted to receive the material at one end and discharge it at the other end, and a Hfting-shelf secured in the drum against the inner side thereof, the shelf extending diagonally with respect to the axis of the drum for the major por- tion of the length of the shelf, and a shelf terminating at the discharge end of the drum in an offset portion, the concave side of which faces the direction of revo- lution of the drum, whereby to form a lifting-pocket. Patent No. 870797, dated Nov. 12th, 1907. — A ro- tary drum mixer, having advancing and return flanges, both engaging the inner walls of the drum and extend- ing diagonally from the respective end portions of the drum, towards the opposite ends thereof, the advanc- ing flange clearing the inner end of the return flange and reaching beyond the same substantially to the op- posite or discharge end of the drum, and provided thereat with an offset or bend extending toward the return flange and forming a lifting pocket. A rotary drum mixer for concrete and similar wet plastic materials, having a relatively stationary diago- nal mixing flange in the drum in a radial plane thereof and with one end of the flange juxtaposed and secured to, but spaced from the corresponding end of the drum, to allow circulation of water past said end of the flange and prevent accumulations of concrete between said end of the flange and the end of the drum. Patent No. 807129, dated December 12, 1905. — A wheeled cart having a dumping body, one end of which lies inward of the periphery of the wheel or wheels, and the other end of which projects beyond the periphery of the wheel or wheels, and a handle reversibly secured to the body, for the purpose speci- fied. / O m Is bt) C EH 15 General Construction.~Thc Ransome mixer con- sists of a cylindrical drum of heavy sheet steel, fitted with cast traction rings, which revolve on four rollers. Power is transmitted to the drum through a rack or gear, which forms part of one of the traction rings. To ensure smoothness of operation these traction rings are bored and turned to a true circle, which is concentric with the pitch of the gear teeth. The rollers upon which the drum revolves are made with chilled face, after the manner of car wheels, and are ground to a true circle. They are keyed fast to the shafts, which revolve in solid babbited journal boxes. These journal boxes are bolted to a ^x6 in. squar- ing plate, drilled to templet. This steel plate pre- serves absolutely the alinement of the rollers and driving pinion. The journals are equipped with com- pression grease cups, which by forcing the grease out- ward along the shaft, serve to keep the bearing clear of dust or grit. The pinion is of cast steel, 2 in. pitch, and the teeth are made of extra depth belovv^ the pitch line to guard against bottoming. On belted machines the pinion shaft is mounted in a "box" which, with the roller shaft, forms a double journal. On steam driven machines the pinion shaft is supported in ''boxes" rigidly attached to the engine base, thus securing a positive alinement of the driving mechanism. The drum of the mixer is equipped with scoops of 3-16 in. steel, rigidly attached to it. To facilitate re- newals these scoops are bolted to the drum shell. For diagramatic representation of these blades see Fig. 6. 17 Main Features of the Ransome Concrete Mixer may be summarized: (i) Low feed with compara- tively high discharge. (2) Thorough and rapid mix- (3) Qnick, easy and complete discharge and absolute control thereof. (4) Simplicity of construc- tion with few wearing parts. (5) Positive cleaning by means of water passages at the sides and beneath the scoops. The low feed and high discharge are apparent from a study of Figs. 31 to 34 in connection with their accompanying tables on pages 53-59. The importance of this feature will be more fully understood by refer- ence to page 43, where is given a comparison as to output between a Ransome Mixer and a tilting mixer operating under identical conditions as to labor. Thorough and rapid mixing is secured through the Ransome steel scoops, fastened rigidly to the inside of the drum, substantially as indicated by Fig. 9. These scoops not only pick up the materials and turn them over and over upon themselves, but are so shaped and placed as to give the materials a motion from side to side of the drum — a reciprocating travel, which, com- bined with the turning movement, ensures thorough and rapid mixing. Each scoop, as it travels upward, carries with it a portion of the batch which is thrown down upon that portion of the batch, that is in the bot- tom of the drum. The mixing principle is, therefore, that of grinding, rubbing, contact, and forcible kneading of the materials into a homogeneous body, concrete. This rubbing and grinding and this forcible kneading are peculiarly the Ransome principle and possessed only by Ransome machines. Fig-. 10 — RANSOME MIXER. Discharging- into Ransome Cart. At the same time, as the drum revolves, the rolhng contact is produced, which is the basic mixing prin- ciple of other mixers. Other mixers roll the stone in cement and sand, the Ransome mixer first does this and then rubs it in. The scoops might be compared to great shovels in the hands of men powerful enough to handle them quickly enough to turn the batch completely over 60 times in 60 seconds. We know from actual strength tests of the con- crete that the Ransome Mixer gives a more uniform product than any other mixer. 9 19 Some of our competitors have tried to imitate the shape and arrangement of the steel scoops in the Ransome Mixer. Where the imitation has been at all successful in producing the desired reciprocating movement of the concrete materials, our patents have been infringed. The imitation has been a failure so far as securing the desired back and forth movement of the materials. Certain manufacturers finding them- selves unable to use the Ransome scoops, have tried to create a "talking point" by omitting scoops entirely and then advertising their mixers as containing ''no insides," hoping to make a merit out of a defect by boldly parading the defect. They have claimed that scoops actually retard the mixing, expecting the pub- lic to believe that a man w^ith a shovel working on concrete materials w^ould be less efifective in mixing them than a man shaking the materials up and dow^n in a box. They have intimated, also, that the concrete sticks to the scoops, and have shouted in type to the effect that ''you do not have to pound our mixer to clean it." The truth is that all mixers are alike in this respect of cleaning them. If you let concrete re- main in any mixer long enough to harden, it will stick to the steel of the mixer. To clean a Ransome Mixer at the end of a shift, simply throw in a few shovelfuls of stone or gravel and a little water while the mixer is revolving. The stones act like shot in a bottle, and clean the mixer as perfectly as shot cleans a dirty bottle. To Discharge the batch simply tilt the chute. This can be done quickly and easily and the batch may be discharged into wheelbarrows, one at a time, or in Pig. 11— RANSOME MIXER, Showing- Charging Hopper and Lever that Tilts the Discharge Chute. 21 Fig-. 12. its entirety, as desired. The drum revolves continu- ously, even while the concrete is being discharged. To tilt the chute the mixer man pulls the lever shown in Fig. II, and lowers the chute. The rear end of the chute swings back into the drum of the mixer where the concrete is delivered on the chute by the Ransome scoops, and slides out into the bucket, car. Pig. 13 — POSITION OF DISCHARGE CHUTE DURING MIXING. 22 23 barrow or other receptacle for conveying the concrete. Owing to the fact that the chute is tilted, rather than the mixer, the discharge may be checked instantane- ously. Simplicity of Construction can be best illustrated by a reference to Figs. 14 and 19. The solid babbitted journal boxes are interchangeable and should last in- definitely if given proper attention and kept free from accumulation of concrete. If they become worn, in- stal new ones, and re-babbit those you take ofif, using a babbit based on the following formula : Lead 79.25 lbs. Tin 6.00 lbs. Antimony 14.00 lbs. Bismuth 6.25 lbs. The shafts carrying the rollers are likewise inter- changeable and subject to little or no wear on ac- count of the length of bearing; and, in any event, renewals are easy and can be procured anywhere in emergency, as they are stock shafting sizes. The rollers are of good grey iron with chilled face ground to a line circle. The chilled face ensures long life ; and, as they are keyed fast to the shaft, they are not subject to wear except on the face. The pinion is of cast steel, 2 in. pitch, and is guaranteed against breakage. It will wear, but it zvill not break. The traction rings are 100 to 200 pounds heavier than on our old models and are bored and turned to a true circle. Starting true, they remain true, and the wear is reduced to the minimum. If kept properly greased and clean they will last for years. With the exception of one or two small parts, all 24 25 the rest of the machine is of wrought steel and re- pairs can be easily made in the field. The engine and countershaft gears are machine moulded and made of a special quality of grey iron, the best we can procure. Thorough Cleaning of the Machine is assured by clearance left between the scoops and the drum shell, to allow passage of water^ which cleans the machine between each batch. The water^ which is put in first, passes beneath the scoops, which the thicker concrete is unable to do. How to Operate a Mixer. — If your machine is mounted on wheels, see that the weight is first taker off the wheels and carried on suitable sills, Fig. 15. The points of support should be beneath each roller shaft, beneath the bed of the engine and beneath the boiler. The mixer frame should be carefully leveled in both directions. Remove the hook bolts which hold the drum to the frame. Fill all grease and oil cups, and grease carefully the traction rings and roller faces. See that in all cases the lubricant is fed to the bearings. Use a good graphite, hard oil or grease in all compression cups, and screw the caps down so as to force the grease through the journal box. A turn should be given on all compression cups at least once in every two hours, once the machine is in operation. Make steam connections as shown in Fig. 16, and then start your boiler as per instructions on page 114. Turn your machine over light a few times, mean- while setting up. such runways as may be required. Fig. 16 — PLAN AND SIDE VIEW Showing- Connections. 27 Fig. 16 1/2 — RANSOME MIXER AND BATCH HOPPER. See that the discharge chute is in position, 'as shown in Fig,. 13. Feed into the machine the amount of water re- quired for the batch, following instructions given on page 95. Follow with stone and sand in the order named. Leave the material in the machine half a minute, which is long enough under average con- ditions, then reverse the discharge chute to the position shown in Fig. 15. Discharge direct into wheelbarrows, bucket, car, or other vehicle, the whole batch or part thereof as desired. Reverse chute and feed into the machine the next batch. 28 Fig. 17— MIXER AND ENGINE Showing Feed Chute. Where practicable use a batch hopper, as illus- trated in Fig. i6^ or a feed hopper as shown in Fig. 37. They will save you time. On stopping at noon or night, or for more than a few minutes, be sure to wash your machine out thor- oughly. Feed into it a quantity of water, and a bar- row of stone, which will scour it out. Watch the point of discharge. If the material falls short of the chute, speed your engine up. If it car- ries over, slow down. The speed should be varied with the consistency of the mix and the materials. To secure uniform consistency of concrete, wet down your stone pile morning, noon and night. 29 In securing results as to output, watch the deliv- ery side of your machine. Get the material all out at once so your next batch can be mixing. If you must discharge part at a time, use the largest cart or bar- row you can. Guard against wear in the journal boxes. An occa- sional inspection will guard against undue wear, which may result in bottoming of pinion and main gear with disastrous results as to gears, etc. Also watch that the rollers do not wear down so as to cause bottom- ing. Guarantee. — W e guarantee our machines against defective materials and workmanship ; and will, at any time within one year from date of purchase of one of our machines, furnish our customers, free of charge f. o. b. our works, new parts to replace any which may prove defective, provided the customer returns to us, f. o. b. our shops, the part claimed to be defective. We will not, however, be responsible for damages on ac- count of delays, etc., nor for bills incurred by custom- ers in making repairs without our authorization. We guarantee that our machines will yield under average conditions their rated output, and upon order from* our customer will undertake the demonstration of this fact, provided that the party making such de- mand will agree to pay us $io per day and expenses of our representative engaged in making this demonstra- tion, in the event that we can so demonstrate ; other- wise the expense to borne by us. We guarantee that the power equipment furnished with our machines will operate them under full load at the speeds given. 30 Fig. 18— TRUCK, 31 IMPROVEnENTS FOR 1908 A New Truck has been designed (see Fig. i8) to meet the demand for a mixer to be hauled over rough country roads. This new truck is fitted with steel wheels 20 inches diameter and 4 niches tread. This new style truck is furnished only where especially or- dered and an extra charge is made A New Boiler has been adopted, larger in diameter and of less height than the standard type of boiler. This boiler has the shell extended to form the ash pit, thus doing away with the ordinary cast iron base. The boiler is further equipped with angle iron lugs which permit bolting the boiler direct to the truck, thus cut- ting out the stays required with the ordinary type of boiler. In designing these boilers we have made effi- ciency and economy of operation the main considera- tion. The ordinary practise in boiler making has been to increase the height when more power was wanted. This practise, dictated by economy of manufacture, has resulted in boilers which will develop their power theo- retically, but in practical use will do so only when new or under forced draught. We can operate with open fire door under conditions where another boiler of the same rated horsepower would require closed door and forced draught. We furnish with each boiler an In- spection Certificate of the Hartford Steam Boiler and Inspection Company. The Steel Squaring Plate. — This plate, shown in Figs. 19 to 22, is a decided improvement, and we are sure it will appeal to every user of a concrete mixer. A wooden frame on a concrete mixer is a decided ad- vantage in that any attachment can readily be made in 32 33 Pig-. 20— STEEL SQUARING FRAME. Side View. the field. Furthermore, a wooden frame is not sub- ject to the excessive vibration that exists in a frame constructed entirely of iron or steel. On the other hand, a steel frame possesses one decided advantage. It insures the preservation of true alignment. It may be said to be insurance against breakage of gears. Fig-. 21 — ^STEEL SQUARING FRAME. Top Vie-w Arrranged for Engines. But attachments in the field are difficult with a steel frame, and we all know how often it is desirable or even necessary to make such an attachment. To escape the objections inherent in each class of frame, and to preserve the desirable features of both, we have de- signed a combination frame. The body of the frame is 34 MACHINE FOR BORING THE TRACTION OF RANSOME MIXERS. RINGS 35 of wood, on top of which is bolted the steel squaring plate, made up of ^x6 inch steel plate. We thus se- cure all the advantage of the wood frame and the true alignment afforded by the steel frame, together with such advantage as may be in the higher speed made possible by more perfect alignment. Turned and Bored Traction Rings. — These were adopted for 1908 and we regard this feature of the ma- chine as most important. These rings are four to six feet in diameter and encircle the drum. They roll on the four supporting rollers shown in Fig. 19. In former models and in machines of other manufacture, these rings have been rough castings which wore more or less irregularly under service. It is impossible to mold a casting such as these rings and secure a per- fect circle ; yet a true circle must be secured to start with, in order to obtain uniform wear. Irregu- larities, however slight, tend to become more and more pronounced under wear. W e have, therefore, adopted turned and bored rings for 1908 and in Fig. 22 we illustrate the machine in which this work is done. Heavier Castings have been adopted than were used in former models. By experiment we found that there was a certain amount of spring in the old rings, which was objectionable. Slight as it was, this '^spring'' aggravated the tendency to uneven wear. Moreover, this repeated distortion tended to loosen the rivets. W e have completely overcome this tendency by increasing the weight of the ring castings 100 to 200 pounds and by closer spacing of the rivets. The Supporting Rollers are made with ''chilled" face after the manner of ordinary car wheels. This 36 Fig. :^4— RANSOME MIXER. With Belt Drive, End View. chilled face ensures good wearing quality, as it is im- possible to machine the face of these rollers and to get them true, we have designed a grinding machine in which these rollers are trued up. These rollers are all keyed fast to the shaft with which they revolve, thus throwing all the wear on the journal boxes. Double Journal Boxes. — These boxes, Fig. 19, are furnished on all belted machines. They preserve true alignment of the pinion shaft. On older models power was transmitted to the drum through the rear roller X > O •S O T-l ^ CO CO CO CO > O O CO CO cr! o o o ^ -r-l 1— 1 tH H 'X) O 00 CO T-H 05 CQ CO .5 CO GQ C5 O C5 O O ^ 1— 1 1— 1 tH •S GO CQ GO CO tH C5 CQ CO i-H ^ T-H tH a ^^\^\00 \00 ^ iO 00 O lO IC lO CO p-i cn 00 CQ 00 CQ O O O i-H tH tH 1— 1 o cn 00 O? ^ rji ^ lO iO •SUI CO CO CO CO T— 1 tH T-H -I— 1 G \N i-H CO CO 00 CO CO CO CO m a 1-1 T-i CQ CQ 1-1 tH tH -rH ins, 00 1-1 ^ CO 1— 1 tH -I— 1 w U f/ts c'K CO CO 00 CO ins. l>|0O Ci C5 CO CO ^ ^ o iO 00 O CO LO 3 O O O CI) w w a lO iO >C iO Q tn .B T-I 1-1 -::t^ ^ o o w Q u S lO § S CO CO o tH CO tH tH 1— I tH 1 gggg •ti o o Ci c: ^ tH tH iM i-H C 00 ^ O r-l tH tH «^ ^ ^ C CO CO CO CO -pH T-H -I— I tH ■iJ io lo ic io Is O CO o <:o zo 1^ O . X 57 'So c a> c o X o e/3 t/3 S a X > a c !4 O w Q u pq O 0^ CO Hoc O rH CO CO 00 05 CI) tH 1—1 i-lI'Mi-lIt^ CO CO 1 *S m]oo«1(X) •J^ 00 00 .^3 CO CO _, 00 CO CO CO 2 ^ o CO o CO 59 NO. OF MIXER DIMENSION 1 1 2 3 A A Inches 54 Inches 60 Inches 63 Inches 69 B 36 42 48 54 C 30 36>^ 42 D 21 21 24 24 E 5X 5^ 5J 5f F 9^ 9^ 9| 9f G 45 >^ 48X 491 rm H 30K 33 H 35% 37^ I 36M 39>^ 41% 43% J 31/8 313^ 31f 31f K 8X 131/^ 15% L 11 11 13 13 M 13>^ 13K 13% N 44 50 56 62 0 41 42 45 47 P 5514: 57>^ 65 66% Q 132% 135^ 146J 156% *R 16K 16^ 19 19 S 5:iJ 55% 57-1- 59i T 39 401 45^/ 47% *u 12 12 12>4 16 *v 19>^ 22 34 w 28 '4 31% 33% 35% *x 2% 2% 3 A" 2 1"6' Y 10 10 10 10 *Z 12 12 13% 21 *These dimensions vary with the style of motor used. 6i Dimensions of Ransome Charging Hopper. (See Fig. 35.) Dimension NO. OF HOPPER 1 2 3 4 A 2'-10 " 4'-0'' 4'.5'^ B 5'-6" 5'.11'' C 3'-0'^ 8'-10" D 5'-4>^" O'.O" (3' -6^" Weight, lbs. , 400 425 478 5G5 $40.00 $42.50 $47.50 S56.50 When a Ransome Charging Hopper is attached to a Ransome Mixer, an entire batch of materials is fed into the mixer at once by simply pulling a lever. The hopper can be loaded with materials while the mixer is mixing, so that not a moment's time is lost between the discharge of one batch and the entrance of the next batch into the mixer. Note especially how low the top of the hopper is from the ground. The dimension B in the above table gives the information. 02 63 RANSOME MIXER PARTS— 1908 nODEL Prices, Weights and Code Names Part No. Part Name No. 1 Mixer No. 2 Mixer No. 3 Mixer No. 4 Mixer Faden Fadena Fadenat raclenata 1 Drum Complete lo74 Ids. 19o7lDS. ^UoD IDS. oDOO ItiS. $iyb $0/oU < 0 Faecon Faecana Faecanat r aecanata 9 Liftmg W mg 21 lbs. 29 lbs. OO IDS. 4:U IDS. •to /I A vii'o.40 dfx/l AA l^aehig raehiga Faehigat 111/ 1 Kc 11/2 IDS. Cpl .-oU Faehigata 3 Jc5anle Wmg o Ids. 1 A 1 Kr, 10 Ids. 1^/2 IDS, $1.10 ^l.OU Gear Ring Faen Faena Faenat Faenata 4 bored & turned 500 lbs. 586 lbs. oUo IDS. 1 OOK 1 1^/CO IDS. C. & H. d? OA OA $30.80 $36.50 ^!^A An $04:.4U flC^I AA Plain Ring Fagian Fagiana l^agianat ragianata 5 bored & turned 250 lbs. 300 lbs. 07U IDs. DOU IDS. C. & H. $17.50 jKrjO A A $22.20 ion OA <^ A R OA Fagon Fagona Fagonat Fag'onata 6 T7> 1 „ „ J T T J b langed Head 121 lbs. -tor lU^ 165 lbs. /i^l IDs. IDS. $13.50 $16 50 d;OA AA titOft AA Fagran Fagrana Fagranat Fagranata 7 Drum Shell 330 lbs. 410 lbs. 665 lbs. OlU IDS. A OA $19.80 $20.55 d! OO OA (E* /( A KA Fahr Fahra Fall rat Fahrata 8 Feed Chute 102 lbs 102 lbs. -i AO 1 Kf- lOo IDs. -f AO 1 lUo IDS. 1 A AA $10.00 $10.00 -< A AA $10.00 Fa lac Falaca Falacat Falacata 10 Chute Support 29 lbs. 31 lbs. 34 lbs. 35 lbs. Falcon Falcona Fa Icon at Falconata 11 Chute Journal 7 34 7 3-4 lbs. 7 3-4 lbs. 7 34 lbs. $1.25 $1.25 $1.25 $1.25 Fa 11 an Fa 11 ana Fallanat Fallanata 12 Chute Hanger 14 lbs. 14 lbs. 14 lbs. 14 lbs. $2.00 $2.00 $2.00 $2.00 Falleb Falleba Fallebat Fallebata 13 Lever Hub 10 lbs. 10 lbs. 10 lbs. 10 lbs. $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 64 RANSOHE niXER PARTS— 1908 HODEL Prices, Weights and Code Names Part o Part Name No. 1 Mixer No, 2 Mixer No. 3 MiXEK No. 4 Mixer Fait Falta Faltat Faltata 14 Lever Arm 15 lbs. 15 lbs. 15 lbs. 15 lbs. $2.00 $2.00 $2.00 $2,00 15 Journal Box single Falsav 19 lbs. Falsava 19 lbs. Falsavat 35 lbs. Falsavata 35 lbs. $8.00 $8.00 $4.50 $4.50 16 Tournal Box double Falter 65 lbs. ^6.80 Fa It era 65 lbs. $6.00 Falterat 100 lbs. Falterata lUU IDS tf) 00 Fanais t anaisa I* anaisat Fanpic;ata X ctiicLJi o d Lev 17 Roller Shaft 27 lbs. 83 lbs. 62 lbs. 70 lbs. $2.00 $2.25 $3.75 $4.20 Counter Shaft Fan dor Fandora Fandorat Fandorata 18 87 lbs. 44 lbs. 81 lbs. 89 lbs. Pulley Drive $82.60 $25 $5.60 $6.20 19 UUllLCl OildlL Fangot 27 lbs. Fangota 81 lbs. Fangotat 54 lbs. Fangotata 58 lbs. Engine Drive $2.85 $2.60 $4.05 20 Jack Shaft Fan tern Fanterna Fanternat Fanternata Motor Drive $21.60 $8 25 $5.60 $6.20 Faral Farala Faralat Faralata 21 Roller 48 lbs. 43 lbs. 124 lbs. 124 lbs. $4 25 $4 25 $8.25 $8.25 Fa ra nt Faranta Farantat Farantata 22 Grease Cup lib. lib. 1 lb. 1 lb. $0.75 $0.75 $0.75 $0.75 ± dl 1 dll X dll cxiici t X dl 1 dlldLd 23 Pinion 48 lbs. 30 lbs. 50 lbs. 50 lbs. Steam engine <^i\ Pin "17T2P8"F 11T2"P3"F 11T2''P4X'F 11T2P4^4'F 24 Pinion Belt or Motor Drive Farin Farrina Farrinat Farrinata 43 lbs. $5.70 43 lbs. $5.70 87 lbs. $10.00 115 lbs. $18.50 18T2" P3"F 13T2P3F 17T2P3>^F 17T2P4KF 25 Counter Shaft Gear — Engine Drive Fanas 184 lbs. Fanasa 145 lbs Fanas at 219 lbs. Fanasata 219 lbs. $15.00 $16.00 $19.02 $19.02 55T1>4P3)^F 59TlXP3y2F 54T1KP4>^2F 54T1>^P4>^F 65 RANSOME niXER PARTS— 1908 MODEL Prices, Weights and Code Names Part Part Name No No. 1 Mixer No. 2 Mixer No. 3 Mixer No. 4 Mixer Counter Shaft Gear — Motor Drive Jack Shaft Pin- ion — Motor Drive Jack Shaft Gear — Motor Drive Motor Pinion Engine Gear Collar Pulley Squaring Plate— without power Squaring Plate— with engine Trucks per set Fascel 70 lbs. $9.00 P3XFri33 Fatac 19 lbs. $4.00 13T1X P3F Fatig 112 lbs $12.50 11014P2>^F Fatias 22 lbs. $3.75 28T 4P 2>^F Faust 70 lbs. $9 00 33T1XP3;^F Favor 3 lbs. $0.75 Favul 55 lbs. $5.00 18x6x1 15-16 Febric 225 lbs. $15.00 Febrin 270 lbs. $18.50 Feb roc 660 lbs. $50.00 Fascela 70 lbs. $9.00 33T1X P3F Fataca 19 lbs. $4.00 13T1XP3F Fatiga 112 hs. $12.50 110T4P2KF Fatiasa 22 lbs. $3.75 28T4P2y2F Fausta 97 lbs. $11.50 45T1XP3>^F Favora 3 lbs. $0.75 Favula 86 lbs. $7.50 20x10x1 15.16 Febrica 242 lbs $16.00 Febrina 314 lbs. $21.50 Febroca 660 lbs. $50.00 Fascelat 219 lbs. ;^19.0^ 54T1KP4HF Fatacat 97 lbs. $16.50 21T1>^P5F Fatigat 208 lbs. $20.00 105T3P4F Fatiasata 66 lbs. $7.50 33T3P4F Faustat 192 lbs. $18.50 47X1^^2 P4>^F Favorat 6/2 lbs. $1.00 Favulat 118 lbs. $11.00 28x10x2 7-16 Febricat 261 lbs. $18.00 Febrinat 349 lbs. $24.00 Febrocat 660 lbs. $50.00 F Fascelata 219 lbs. $19.02 54T1KP4J Fatacata 97 lbs. $11.50 21T1>^P5F Fatigata 208 lbs. $20.00 105T3P4F T^atiasat 66 lbs. $7.50 33T3P4F Faustata 219 lbs. $29.09 54T1>^P4>^F Favorata lbs. $1.00 Favulata 227 lbs. $17.80 32x10x2 7 16 Febricata 380 lbs. $26.00 Febrinata 492 lbs. $33.50 Febrocata 660 lbs. $50.00 Note-Where boiler is supplied with numbers 3 and 4 two sets of trucks are required. 66 67 Weights, Dimensions and Capacities of Ransome 1908* MODEL CONCRETE HIXER No. OF Mixer 1 2 3 4 I \^ClIlCliL i iU L,U. 9 90 f>n ,0 /OU LU. 3 30 cu. A AO rii 4 4U LU. Qwck of Ticifr'Vi / ^dnn 01Z.C yjy. XJcltdl \ OcLlUJ. 3 ft. (\ ft U i L. Q ft J i L. 12 ft. V Stone total U LU Udl 19 totQl i/V LULdl 18 tottal iO LUldl 94. totp 1 C^rnri PI tv DPr \\x c\^ vH*^ 10 20 30 40 /A < OAO t/Aa 1— i/^T*Cfi P^iTiT'fi'i' i T? o fori -IjUJI aC JTUWCl XvclLCU. i h.-p. 1 0 h r» iU n,-p. 14 n -p. 90 h n /OU 11. - p. CU. \ JJUllCl QfivQO OUAOi/ zl9y 7"^ A / 0 4^AO t 48x93 rvdLcu. ii/ 11. -p. iu 11. -p. 90 V» ^0 h -n oyj 11. p. opccu ui ijrum rev. per minute 1 n 10 1 ^ 10 14: /2 1zL 14 opeeQ oi uriving onaii rpv 'npt* minnfp 116 122 19 J_-/ld,lll. Ui J-^/llVlIlg OiJclll i iU iU 1 I'^-i^^ i 10-io 9 7 1 /Ci < -1 U 97-1 /O 4 iU Diam of Drix/ino" PnllpAr 18x6 20x10 28x10 36x11 iViedsurenieniiS oi JLTuni 04 uiam. no rliQ i-n OU Uldlll. 00 Qiam, DtJ Uldlll. AOU y49 A^O x54 1 iiiv^Kiicbh Oi iridic 01 Drum 3 1 6 3-16 /4 /A T~rpio^Vi t f rnm t nr» nf fra m p LU l^CliLCI Ui U.I U.111 ^1 1/ 01/2 0072 OU n.Clgll L il UIIl Lup Ui irdiiic LU l.Up Ui iCCU. CllLlLC Oi 04 00 /2 T~r PiO"Vi t "f t*OTY» tor* "^f f rci m p AACigllLil UlU LU^ «Ji ildiilC LU CllU. Ui L.I1ULC LllIsLIirg. Q 11^ 1 A 14 iO/2 rieigni irom top oi irame I'O'O 0 T n Q 1*0*1 Ti or Vir^r^t^or* HJ LUpUi Ulldi gllJg llUppCI 0 1 uu 71 < 1 7^^ 1 OLdiucpLnoiwooQ irme 1 0^ 1 A 3/ lu ?4 103/ VV ClgllLUi iVilACI Ull OK.lU.b ^Qf^O 0*J\ '17 noQ'ii UUt/O U i OU r^T*0<5oypH for VJl^Joo WClgllL UUACU i(II expori /I QHrt 4< ^ 12/ 0.39 % 22/ 20 0.62 H 30 29 0.89 39 36 1.20 Magic 1 49 50 1.58 Magnate 1/8 57/ 60 2.00 Maid IK 71/ 76 2.50 Major; 1/8 90 96 3.00 Malice 1/ 109 113 3.55 Mallet IK 166 157 5.00 Maltrese 2 181 191 6.30 2/ 229 238 8.00 275 266 10.00 2H 330 315 12.00- 93 dinary steel soon wear thin, because of this repeated rubbing on one another as they pass over sheaves and drums, and then they break. But due to the special quality of the steel used in making Ransome Wire Ropes, coupled with the method of making the rope so as to gixe extreme flexibility, we are able to offer a rope that will outlast anything of its kind several times over. The wire used in making Ransome Ropes is carefully tested for elongation, torsion and tensile strength. Hence there is no variation in the quality of our ropes. Every rope turned out by us is as good as every other rope we make — always dependable and always durable. It will pay you to give Ransome Rope a trial. Pig-. 53 — RANSOME GATE FOR BOTTOM OF BIN. Weight 150 lbs. List Price, $18.00. Ransome Bin Gates. — There are three styles of Ransome Bin Gates. The one shown above is designed for use where stone or sand are to be discharged through the bottom of a bin. On the following page are two different types of gates; one for use on sand or stone bins, where the discharge is from the side of the Fig. 55— RANSOME GATE FOR CONCRETE HOPPER. Weight, 150 lbs. List Price, $17.00. 95 bin ; the other for use on a concrete bin or hopper. This last named gate is provided with a cross plate in front, which prevents fluid concrete from slopping out when the gate is being closed. The Ransome Water Measuring Tank Used in Con- crete Mixing. — An automatic device for delivering the exact amount of water required for each batch of concrete is shown in the accompanying illustration. The water from the supply pipe enters at A, and passes up through the threaded pipe D into the tank. The float C closes a valve where the tank is full of water. Upon opening a valve B (and closing A), the water flows into the concrete mixer until it reaches the level of the top of the threaded pipe D, when no more flows. By screw- ing the tank up or down on pipe D, any desired quantity of water can be turned into the Ransome Mixer for each batch of concrete. Once it has been ascertained just how much water is needed for a batch of concrete, the Ransome Water Measuring Tank is adjusted, as just described, and after that it delivers the required amount of water automatically. Contractors will ap- preciate the value of this device, as it insures an abso- lutely uniform concrete. One batch will not be all "slop," and the next batch nearly dry. The Ransome W ater Measuring Tank thus obviates disputes with inspectors, and it saves times in delivering water to the mixer. List Price, $25.00. Fig. 55 — RANSOME WATER TANK. 96 The Ransome Tamper. — The tamping process, with the wet concrete mixture of to-day, is really a slicing and cutting process for the purpose of letting out air bubbles and causing the ingredients to flow together into a compact mass by disturbing the condition of unstable equilibrium into which they mass together Fig. 56 — RANSOME TAMPER. when dumped from the carts or barrows. The old fashioned trowel faced tamper is not suitable for this work and in its place the tamper shown in the ac- companying cut has been designed. This tamper con- sists of a rather narrow and long thin steel cutting blade riveted to an iron pipe handle as shown by the drawing. This tamper has been proved out by exten- sive use in building work and will be found an efifi- cient and desiral)le tool in all respects. List Price, $2.50. Fig. 57 — RANSOME CONCRETE AX. (See Opposite Page.) 97 Rollers for Concrete, Floors, Pavements, Etc. These rollers are made in three sizes and weights: No. 1 Light 36 in. diam., 36 in. wide, weight 290 lbs. No. 2 Medium 36 in. diam., 36 in. wide, weight 375 bs. No. 3 Heavy 30 in diam., 24 in. wide, weight 645 lbs. Rolling is far better and cheaper than tamping. Two men with rollers will do the work of a dozen men with tampers on flat sur- faces. Start with the light roller, then follow with the medium weight, and finish with the heavy. The Ransome Concrete Ax is a tool for giving a "hammer dressed finish" to the surface of a concrete wall. It gives a fine appearing finish at a very low cost, and makes it unnecessary to use great pains in making the wooden forms, for the ax removes all signs of joints between the boards, grain, etc., on the con- crete. As shown in the photograph, the ax is a double bit ax, and the steel blades are bolted to the casting to which the handle is inserted. The blades are removed when dull, and are sharpened either with a file or with an emery wheel. A common laborer will average lOO square feet of wall dressed with a Ransome Con- crete Ax in lo hours^ at a cost of cents per square foot. List Price of Ax, $3.50. Extra blades, 6oc. each. Fig. 58 — RANSOME CONCRETE ROLLER For Floors and Sidewalks. 98 Fig-. 59 — RANSOME TWISTING MACHINE For Twisting Steel Rods. The Ransome Twisting Machine. — Fig. 59 shows this machine which is designed to meet the require- ments of contractors who desire to twist their steel on the job. This machine will handle all sizes from Y\ to \Y\ inch square, and is equipped with a nine set of dies for sizes Y\ inch to inch inclusive, advancing by inch. There are also furnished with each machine three sets of gears with ratios of 13 to 75, 19 to 69 and 33 to 55. These gears provide ample change of speed for ordinary conditions. The weight of the ma- chine is 1,800 lbs., including the three sets of gears and nine sets of dies. It is operated by 12 H. P, Con- tractors will find it to their advantage to own one of these machines. By utilizing their watchmen at night the cost of twisting is made nominal. 99 Fig. 60— ROCK CRUSHER. STEEL CRUSHERS Size jaw opening. Capacity in tons per hour Jaws set part 2 inches. Approximate weight, bs. Approximate weight of heaviest piece. Speed revolutions. Pu ey inches. Horse-power approqimate. Price net, with chilled jaws.f.o.b. Dunellen, N.). *Bace 8 to 12 6,000 730 170 44x8 12 $630 7x13 lbs. * Beedo 12 to 18 85,00 1,190 155 50x8 15 $780 9x15 lbs. *Bdfpr 24 to 40 19,000 2,530 140 60x10 25 $1,700 11x26 lbs. *Code Word. Crushers fitted with manganese jaws at advanced prices. Prices subject to change without notice. TOO Fig-. 61 — RANSOME AUTOMATIC CEMENT TESTER. Ransome Automatic Cement Tester 1000 Lbs. (450 kg.) Capacity, $1.25 2000 (900 kg.) $1.75 DIMENSIONS 1000 MACHINE Extreme lyength. . .30 in . .559 meter Extreme Width ... 15 in ... 407 meter Extreme Height, 2 ft. 4 in.. 661 meter Telegraph Waggish Weight 115 lbs. .52.16 ke. Shipping Weight. 150 lbs. .68.04 kg. Shipping Measurements, lOcu.ft. 283 meter Price, f. o. b. New York as illustrated, 1000 lbs. (450 kg.) capacity, including Scale and one Mold for tensile tests of Cement, A, S, C, E, standard specimens. Woodward Price, f, o, b, New York, as illustrated, 2000 lbs. (900 kg,) capacity, including Scale and one Mold for tensile tests of Cement, A, S, C, E, standard specimens. lOI DIMENSIONS 2000 MACHINE Extreme I^ength Extreme Width. Extreme Height Weight .3 ft. 2 in .1 ft. 6 in .3 ft. 2 in 245 lbs . . . . .966 meter . .458 meter . . 966 meter 111.132 kg. .176,904 kg. Shipping Weight Shipping Measurements 390 lbs. . . . 22 cu, ft. 6626 cu, meter Description and Operation. — A Tension Testing Machine is indispensable in concrete construction. Know your materials if you would avoid trouble. Be- gin by testing your cement before it goes into the work. The illustration, Fig. 6i, shows the Ransome Auto- matic Cement Tester. It is constructed entirely of metal, and is of superior design and finish. The beam is brought to a balance by pouring shot into the cone-shaped bucket on the left of the Machine, thus counterbalancing the weight on the right-hand side of the Machine. The test briquette is then placed in the grips and by means of the handwheel under the lower grip, the slack is taken up. A piston valve (Patented Nov. 8th, 1904) in the bucket is then lifted by throwing the latch over and the shot flows out of the bucket causing the weight to overbalance the bucket and load thus to be applied to the specimen. When a sufficient weight of shot has flowed out of the bucket, the unbalanced force of the weight is sufficient to break the briquette, and then the lightened bucket is moved upward by the weight and the piston valve in it closed, causing the flow of shot to cease. To change the speed of test the flow of shot can be regu- lated by means of the knurled screw at top of the pis- ton valve. 102 The weight of shot which has flowed out is a meas- ure of the force required to break the briquette, and this shot is caught in a scoop on a scale which is gradu- ated to read directly the stress on the briquette. If for any reason the main beam should touch the buffer before the specimen of cement is broken, the valve automatically closes and the flow of shot ceases. The operator then raises the beam by means of the crank through the worm and worm gear, and the test continues. The piston valve (Patented Nov. 8th, 1904) for con- trolling the flow of shot we believe to be the simplest and most effective automatic valve made. If it is desired to make a test with the beam in a horizontal position, it can be kept level by means of the crank and worm wheel. In place of the spring balance, any form of scale may be used. We would draw the attention of Engineers to the solid-back Cement Testing Grips, patented May loth, 1904. This new design was suggested by the complaints received that the grips spread during the process of testing, which spreading caused the conditions to vary and the results to be inaccurate. These grips are made strong enough to prevent springing. The above description and operation applies to both sizes of Cement Testers. The weight of shot in the 1,000-lbs. machine is as i lb. to 100 lbs.; by this we mean that 10 lbs. of shot weighed on an ordinary scale would indicated a strain of 1,000 lbs. In the 2,000-lbs. machine the proportion is i lb. to 80 lbs., viz., 25 lbs. of shot will indicate 2,000 lbs. strain. 103 Fig-. 62— RANSOME CONCRETE TESTING MACHINE. Capacity, 50 Tons in Compression. Ransome Compression Testing Machine. — Every contractor should know the strength of the mixtures he is using. Before starting on an important work he should determine by actual test the economic value of the various available materials. A compression testing machine is invaluable on any work in re-en- forced concrete. You know where you stand if you 104 use one of these machines. You can determine whether or not it is safe to strip your forms. You can save the price of one of these machines on a single contract. The following are dimensions of the machine shown in Fig. 62. Diameter of ram, 5 inches ; platen, loxio inches; clear space, 10 inches; length over all, 36 inches; width over all, 12^4 inches; height over all, 33 inches ; measurement when boxed, 20x36x40 inches ; net weight, 515 lbs.; gross shipping weight, 550 lbs. Price, $240.00 Boiling Test for Cement. — It is extremely impor- tant that cement be tested for soundness. The follow- ing is a simple test, and cement which will not pass this test should not be used in important structures: To 1,000 grains of cement add 200 grains of water and mix with trowel for five minutes. In cases where the cement is fresh it may be necessary to use a little more water than above given, but in no case use over 250 grains. Make the mixed cement into a cake about 3 inches in diameter, ^ inch thick in center and taper- ing to a feather edge. Make the cake upon a clean glass plate. Place the cake in a damp chamber or cover it with a wet cloth for 24 hours, then place it in a rack and cover with water ; heat the water slowly up to 212 deg. Fahrenheit and maintain this temperature for six hours. Allow the cake to cool in the water. If it warps or twists or shows expansion cracks it must not be used. Pig. 63 — RANSOME CEMENT BOILER AND RACK. List price, $25.00. io6 Pig. 64 — RANSOME DISC CRANK. Vertical Engine. Ransome Disc Crank Vertical Engine. — We present this style of engine as the most desirable form for general purposes where small powers are required. They are very strong, heavy in construction, but well proportioned, and will stand hard work and high speed. A critical test of every engine is made before it leaves our factory, and the necessary adjustments care- 107 Fig-. 65 — RANSOME ENGINE With Counter Shaft Brackets. fully made, so that the engine is ready to run the mo- ment it is placed in position and given steam. We make eleven sizes of this engine, as shown on next page. Sizes 25 H. P. and larger are made extra heavy in all parts. Rods and shafts are of steel, and ''brasses'' of the connecting rod are phosphor bronze. Bearings are long and of large diameter, and are made of best quality babbit. Ample provision is made in all wear- ing parts for adjustment. io8 o > g C O v- e a OS 75 16x16 140 4K ! 54 16 113 41x85 ! 11000 1301 50 3 50 7 50 13 00 71 00 3 50 1400 Arbuckle 15 00 ^ 2 ^ M< M SomMSwnoS lOIO Ararat 12 50 10 00 ic '^«^oo 00 -?t< o CO (5 ^ CO CO CO rH ^ CO sO m CO o 00 ^ ^ o 272 00 Albert 5 00 4 50 N -5 O T-i i-H th c? CO th ic O (N CO — ao 202 00 Alice 4 50 4 00 CO O O O O Q O X O N* 'Hi® O iO (?) CO ^ O 163 00 Ajax 4 00 3 50 ^ in O O O Q ^ iO ^ '^U^ i-ICOJ5cQh>< ONN\H-^,«c C « 0 O > I s :^ j : : : : :^ a f « V- U a oT SP^TI « ^-C Om- 3 c c « S^Ji ao c - -c OUCU O £ . OcD ^(si Ooq o^, OcM J pq W O DOOr^O C0-^0*-»00 (DO )-iTi-^Ok>00 (UO rjvo ilOfrtOM D S b 00 UJ CO C o fo'S .ti »o On C3 on iS ^ S cS o< rt CQrom w PQWf^^pqpq pq VO O rj i>:pqio tj pq o (U 00 be O r-; ^ M vC W ON 7^ O 03 ^;S-pq !> c- 5 '1? tH- 'T! pq pq « ^ cmo5on'2^ iK'-h cdoo'^^cg ti^o v-vo b^o'^oo ^ pq § W-Pq « pq M pq pq ^ rtO dJO 4J0O bfiO'^O rtO-<-*CM (UCM 4JO »-. 4) O -xJ o '^3-2 bo V) pq pq U 1 10 ^ CI, > S C o ^ i S ^ o C grog p5^«^« f P5-(g 14x14 78.20 Broke 7.00 Broom 246.00 Browse 19.00 Brunt 3.30 Bucket 30.00 Buckram 6.00 Buckskin 10,00 Buffo 10,80 Bug 7.50 Bush 6.00 Bustle 16.00 Butter 12x12 64.80 Bribe 6,24 Brick 194.40 Bride 16.20 Brief 3.00 Brig 20,40 Bright 5.04 Brim 9.00 Brine 6.48 Bring 6.72 Brisk 4.80 Broad ,13.80 Brock 10x10 X In 26,80 Bight 4,20 Bigot 42.42 Bijou 7.34 Bilbo 1.20 Bile 10.20 Bilge 2.64 Bilk 4.32 Billet 1.82 Bin 4.56 Bind. 2.68 Biped 7,80 Birch v© NO 14.40 Belie 3.90 Bell 37.00 Belt 5.64 Bent .96 Bereft 8.40 Berate 2,16 Berry 3.72 Berth 1.68 Beset 3.84 Besom 2.28 Besot 5.40 Best to X 9,60 Bead 3.60 Beak 25.12 Beam 4.80 Bean .72 Bear 6.60 Beard 2.16 Beast 3,48 Beat 1.44 Beau 3.24 Beck 2.16 Beckon 3.60 Bed X 6,00 Baron 3,60 Barrel 21.98 Barren 4.08 Barter .60 Basal 5,40 Basic 6.24 Basin 3.24 Basis 1.20 Bask 3.24 Basket 5.76 Bass 3.60 Baste X 3.60 Baking 2.40 Bald 17.04 Bale .48 Balk 4.20 Ball 6.00 Ballet 2.40 Balm 1.20 Ban 2.52 Band 5.40 Bandit 3.60 Bandy c u tn m (/} N ^ b o O W 43 03 rt rt ^ > > > > Ill Fig. 66— RANSOME UPRIGHT TUBULAR BOILERS. Ransome Upright Tubular Boilers. — Our Upright Tubular Boilers are made of open-hearth homogeneous flange steel plate, 60,000 pounds tensile strength per square inch of section, an elongation of 20 to 25 per cent., and a reduction of area of 45 to 50 per cent. ; can be turned over and closed down solid without fracture when cold, and does not blister. The vertical seams in all boilers 36 inches in diameter and larger are double riveted. The bottom of water-leg, also the opening around fire-door, is formed by flanging the furnace plate out to meet the shell, as shown in sec- 112 tional cut on preceding page. The fire-boxes of Nos. 13 and up only are fitted with stay-bolts. In the smaller sizes we use furnace plate of sufficient thick- ness to avoid necessity for stay-bolts, thus facilitating the cleaning of water-leg in three sizes. Nos. I to 9, inclusive, have two. and all other sizes three, hand-holes in the water-leg near bottom, and all boilers have four hand-holes over crown sheet. The tubes are arranged with two clear spaces between them inches or more in width, crossing at right angles. These spaces are directly opposite the hand-hole open- ings, by means of which the crown sheet on these boil- ers may be cleaned readily. This spacing also gives better circulation in the boilers. When ordered com- plete, we include base, grates, hood, pop safety-valve, steam gauge, water gauge, three gauge-cocks, check- valve, feed-valve and blow-off cock with piping to at- tach same in our usual manner. When ordered without fixtures, we include boiler, ^ with furnace door and handholes only. Anything or- dered, not included in the above list of fixtures, will be charged as an extra. Previous to shipment every boiler is tested with water and steam and subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 150 pounds to the square inch. A certificate of inspection and test issued by the Hart- ford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company is furnished with every boiler. We can furnish, if required, a policy of insurance for one year, issued by the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, at a slight addi- tional charge. This policy is payable to the purchaser, and will be in force wherever the boiler is located. Upright tubular boilers with submerged tubes are built on special order. 113 ■rH 00 CO O 1 CO ^ O 00 Q-.OO O -^wfooj*© 00 T-» O O lO CO CO CO ^? 1—1 1—1 AO 00 05 CO Q H-*«!»u.|« 00 00 O O •rt^ CO ^5*^ CO ^ GQ Tt^ 1— 1 o 00 -h GO W O O Oi T-^ 1 1— 1 n iO -^l^f^ J«)'?^H GQ CO O O CO Oi JO O) iHOO tH o o CO O 00 O -rH O G^> -^O «> Ht»!»J®Ci ^ o o GQ CO 00 00 ^ rH CO lO O'* '^N ^- HfcoiQO J«0 GQ CO O O ' 0?^i>COGQ "^ImOOS tH O lO 00 CQ CO CQ 00 CO a OCO COGQ *'«COCO i-H O ^ Gi GQ GQ o 2 CO (M 00 00 00 X) i> tH t>- H"*!*!®-,*! i> 00 "^if O O (M O) 00^^ GQ GO 00 IN iC CO "-^N-r-i ^'*«!ao_.«iTH QO rf^ O O T-COCDCOGi **'«lCCO i-H O O O CO CQ G^ CO CO 1-^ 00 07 Oi> iC i>H^«!x^!'**i> 00 oi o o tH?0 o>g<^ ic^ w o o Oi O O CO IC i>H"^|aH'*iC 00 o> o o tH CO (M '^i TfH 1-1 O *C« ^ 00 1—1 O tH 00 O JO iC t>H^»!«r,^co X C^i o o CO 07 Oi CO f-H O »0 0> CO 00 00 1^ tH CO CO O H'J'?:'ooH^OO 00 "^h' O O Ci O^ Ot -rM O O O CO T— 1 (?) CO i-< tH to Tt< iO O M< CO 00 r- o o (M (MCi' coa T-i o o 1—1 0(M 'Tt* O ^ H^»|'»^h'r^H 00 i' O O Ot O? O^ 0< T-I o o 00 tH l-< 00 CO tH «<9b .2 5n E 3 2 o eo ^fc^ >iip' OOl— lOS'TfiCOOi'^O ^ r-i tH -^-^000000000000 .^1^ -m^ OO -^O^OO^O-^OD ^ »c lo ^ 00 C5 ^ ^TfTTTTr*"^ sp^HAV no aaiToa ^itSpAV oooooooo OiOiCOOOOO CD IC 00 00 05 T-l O •^iC^I>i>OOT— !C0 1— 1 1— ( I^^J 1X4. V-F^ Oooooooo ooooo»ooo tH tH *;3jmvTiJ inniiiTAA spi^ns «o i^iioa :mspA\. oooooooo lOOiOiOOO»CO T-tO5iOC0O5C000CO COCO^lOlOOOOrH 9iuoa ^qSpH 'auioQ j^piuBia 0000(MCQ(»^ ;noqv 'aoBjans TfCi^OlDO^i-H ^00O55OtH00QO5 1-1 -r-l GOOOOOiOCOrJ^OiiOOp(N CQCiOOOOCO'^'^lC 3Aoqv aoBuan^ ^qSpH COiCiC5pi>ic«ooo CQWGQ^C^OOOrCO 90Buana q^iPIM T*O5i-H0O00 ;^ 00 I CQOOOOOOOOOO"^"^ p9^B-a XnBnSil SB J9MOJ-9SJOH OiCOiOOOOO T-iT-i C/3 CJ G 03 ^ CJ u C3 ^ § ^ $1320.00 Harold $24.00 CCi 00 ^ . , i> o o fw-rHj^THCQCQOlOCviiOOO * *^ CO ^ T-H o $1080.00 Harry $16.00 G o (iT ^ G •S ^ O ^ '^H O o ^'-in. and under. Chiefly about egg size. Chicago limestone, crusher run. " *' screened into sizes. Green River limestone, 2)4 ins. and smaller, dust screened out. Hudson River trap, 2>^ ins. and smaller, dust screened out. New Jersey trap, crusher run, ^ to 2.1 in. Koxbury conglomerate, >^ to 2ii ins. Limestone, K to 3 Ins. 2-in. size, m-in. size. Stone, 1.6 to 2.4 ins. 0.8 to 1.6 in. 0.4 to 0.8 in. Bluestone, 89% being IK to 2X Ins. 90% being ^ to l^^in. Trap, hard, 1 to 23^ ins. Ktolin. 0 to 2 Kins, soft, 3^ to 2 ins. Canton. 111. Buffalo limestone, crusher run, dust In. Crushed cobblestone, screened Into sizes. How To Mix Tar Concrete in a Ransome. — In lay- ing a tar concrete base for a wood covered mill floor, the custom is to mix the tar, sand and stone by hand. But, in building 17,800 square feet of mill floor at Shawinigan, Canada, Mr. C. H. Chadesy, the engineer in charge, used a Ransome Mixer to great advantage. The hot materials w^ere fed into the Ransoms and w^ere kept hot during the mixing by a w^ood fire built under the drum of the mixer. A little ''dead oil'' applied to the discharge chute and to the wheelbarrows and shovels prevented the tar concrete from adhering to them. This is only another instance of the wide appli- cability of the Ransome Mixer. A tilting mixer could not have been used for this purpose, because during the time the mixer was tilted the tar would have cooled enough to make it stick. This is but another instance proving the contractor's adage : ''A Ran- some is the best all round mixer made." Shrinkage of Crushed Stone. — The following table illustrating the settlement of crushed stone in wagons will be of interest to contractors and will show the de- sirability from the contractor's point of view, of in- serting in the purchase agreement for crushed stone a clause to the effect that this material shall be paid for according to measurements taken on arrival of wagons at destination. The question as to whether the wagons are loaded by shovel or from bins has a considerable bearing on volume of the material per given weight and where prices are even the balance is strongly in favor of the dealer whose wagons are loaded from bins. T53 H ^ ^ S S Q ^ o o- < S < a H O 55 s •si 1^ C^< CO CM CM CM CM CM d CO CM •©CO ♦ oco leod dP,P, o o o o u o o .s.s.s.s.s CO CO CO CO CO 153 A Little '*Trick" in Charging Concrete Mixers.--=^ It frequently happens that a Ransome Concrete Mixer must he charged with materials delivered from stock piles near the mixer. The wheelbarrow method is commonly used where a mixer must be moved at frequent intervals; but a cheaper method, where the mixer is not to be shifted frequently, is to charge the mixer by the use of dump buckets handled by a der- rick. Now, if dump buckets are used, it is wise to have three of them^ each being large enough to hold all the sand and stone necessary for each batch of concrete. Let your blacksmith rivet a sheet-steel par- tition in each bucket, dividing it into two sections, one section for stone and the other for sand. The sand section of the bucket is first filled, then the bucket is swung by a derrick over to the stone pile, where the stone section of the bucket is filled. By having three buckets, no delays occur, since one bucket is always at the sand pile, another at the stone pile and the third delivering the charge to the Ran- some Mixer. When this method is used, no charging bins are required at the mixer, but a large hopper or chute should be used at the mixer to facilitate dump- ing the bucket. When this method is employed, it is often wise to mount the Ransome Mixer high enough up so that the mixer can discharge the con- crete into a bin. From the bin the concrete is drawn off into carts or cars and hauled away. A concrete bin should be equipped with a Ransome Discharge Gate, Fig. 54. How to Use a Ransome Mixer as a Sand Washer. — It is often specified that dirty sand or gravel must 154 be washed before it can be used in making concrete. The expense of washing sand with a hose, and the cost of rehandhng the sand several times before and after washing, can be avoided by the contractor who owns a Ransome Concrete Mixer. The dirty sand is hauled in carts or barrows to the mixer and dumped directly into it. Water is then turned on until it be- gins to overflow at the discharge end of the mixer into a trough. The operator then begins to revolve the mixer slowly. The steel scoops riveted to the inside of the mixer pick up the sand and dump it back into the water^ so that the dirt in the sand is quickly washed out of the sand and held in suspension by the water. A small stream of water is constantly fed into the mixer as the dirty water runs out. In a few moments clear water begins to flow from the mixer, showing that the sand is clean. Then the operator lowers the discharge chute and delivers the clean sand into carts or other conveyances. So far as we know, the Ransome is the only concrete mixer that has ever been used successfully for washing sand or gravel. Its design is such as to make it the only mixer on the market that can be used economically for the purpose of washing dirty sand or gravel. Formula for Computing the Compressive Strength of Concrete. — The following formulas by Mr. Edwin Thacher, M. Am. Soc. C. E., from experiments con- ducted at Watertown Arsenal may be relied upon as giving the compressive strength of concrete made of good materials. The strengths are given in pounds per square inch of compression surface. The formu- las are: 155 / Volume Sand \ 7 days old = 1800 — 200 | -rj—. r I ^ ^ \ Volume Cement / (Volume Sand \ Volume Cement J Volume Sand Volume Cement / 90 days old = 3820 — 460 ^ (Volume Cement \ Volume Sand / Waterproof Concrete. — It has been determined in construction of reservoirs, etc., that an admixture of about ten per cent, of hydrated lime to the amount of cement used will make a rich mixture of concrete waterproof. There are also a number of patented mix- tures, which when added to the concrete during mix- ing or washed on the surface of the concrete after the removal of forms, have a water-proofing effect. When it is desired to obtain a concrete that is im- pervious to water, a rich mixture of not more than i — 2 — 4 should be used, the broken stone or screened graved to be clean and range in size from ^ in. to Y\ in. in diameter. It has been determined that concrete reaches its maximum strength in about three years. To retard the settling of cement, which is desirable at times in order that it will attain greater strength ultimately, add three pounds slacked lime and a solution of common salt and water, using two pounds to the gallon, and add one gallon of the solution to each barrel of cement used. iS6 FORMULAS For the Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Mb = Ultimate bending moment in inch lbs. — — = Mb simple beam uniformly loaded, o wP — = Mb continuous beam uniformly loaded, lo w = weight on beam per lineal ft. 1 = length of beam from cen. to cen. of supports. Mr = Mb. Mr = 9obd^ b = width of beam. d = depth of beam. With steel of an elastic limit of 54,000 lbs. use an area of 0.75 per cent. bd. With steel of an elastic limit of 35,000 lbs. use i.oo to 1.25 per cent bd. Concrete Footings. Plain concrete footings for earth pressure of 1 ton per sq. ft. height = 0.5 (base — width col.) 2 tons per sq. ft. height = 0.75 (base — width col.) 3 tons per sq. ft. height = 0.90 (base — width col.) 4 tons per sq. ft. height = (base — width col.) Step footings in courses. Reinforced concrete footings for earth pressure of 1 ton per sq. ft. height = 0.175 (base — width col.) 2 tons per sq. ft. height = 0.35 (base — width col.) 3 tons per sq. ft. height = 0.525 (base — width col.) 4 tons per sq. ft. height = 0.70 (base — width col.) For reinforcement use rods of a diameter equal to base 100 spaced 10 times their diameter apart and one-tenth of height from bottom of footing. 157 Bearing Power of Soils Bearing Power in tons rwinci or iviateriai per. sq. ft. Min. Max. Rock — the hardest — in thick layers of native bed 200 25 30 j\j *• brick " 15 20 *♦ ** «« i< «« J 1 V/ A 4 r O 2 4 it Cm. 1 2 8 10 4 6 2 4 0.5 1 The Use of Slag or Cinder Aggregates. — 1 he use of slag or cinder as aggregates for concrete should be de- cided upon only after careful investigation. In many cases the economy effected is only apparent, not real. By reason of the greater percentage of voids in slag and cinders as compared with broken stone, a much larger proportion of mortar is required to secure smooth work, and the resulting concrete is never as strong as good broken stone concrete, where an equal volume of cement is used. Hints for Specification Writers. — During the past year we have received many requests for assistance in the preparation of specifications for reinforced con- 158 Crete buildings, and, in view of the disastrous failures reported during the year, we believe the suggestions embodied in the following paragraphs may prove of service. In piteparing specifications it is of course necessary to consider the requirements of the body (municipal, insurance, etc.) under whose jurisdiction the struc- ture will fall. For the purpose of facilitating con- formity to such laws we print herewith a table pub- lished by the Association of Portland Cement Manu- facturers. Reinforced concrete is a new building material and should be treated as such. In the vast majority of structures the designer ignores entirely this fact that reinforced concrete has structural individuality of its owri, and is ill-suited to designs which, however excel- lent in themselves, are the outcome of years of prac- tise with wood, brick and masonry. There should be, and ultimately will be, an architecture of reinforced concrete. If you cannot get same results by applying a new building material to a preconceived design, no more can you ensure efficient workmanship in the new material by applying specifications which have been developed by years of practice or malpractice with materials of entirely different qualities. There are few text books on reinforced concrete, and the only teacher available is experience. The im- portance of experience cannot be too strongly empha- sized as an indication of competence. 159 It is not possible always to secure a contractor experienced in reinforced concrete, and it becomes, therefore, all the more important that the specifica- tions shall be drawn up carefully and that they shall provide every safeguard against faulty workmanship and materials. These safeguards should be largely in the line of tests, not only of materials before going into the work, but tests of the completed work. Incessant Watchfulness is the price of success. The most perfect design, the most scrupulous honesty may be defeated by carelessness or ignorance on the part of a single workman. Nothing must be left to chance, and it is essential that the contractor be thoroughly equipped as to plant and organization; that the personnel of his corps of assistants, and their organization be such as to secure perfect supervision of the work. In view of the current system of letting contracts, the specification is of extreme importance. In many, if not in most cases, the contract is let to the lowest bidder, who is to furnish the plans for the Reinforced Concrete Construction. This practice arose from the fact that until very recent years the work has been carried on by a few individuals or firms controlling one form or another of reinforcing metal, and, with the universal desire for competition and lack of knowledge upon the part of architects, it became customary to allow a contractor to submit a proposition, using such style of reinforcement as he desired. To this prac- tice may be traced most of the serious failures. The growth of concrete construction was abnormal. The general contractor became interested and in many i6o cases entered the field with all the confidence of ignor- ance. He had laid pavements, therefore he could put up a building concrete work was easy. Without any knowledge as to their worth, the inexperienced con- tractor depended upon designs furnished him gratis, by competing salesmen of rival concerns selling re- inforcing metal, who were interested only in selling the materials, and the temptation to skimp the de- sign, in order to show better results than a rival, was strong. This practice of injecting into the contract an irresponsible third party prevails largely to-day. It is pernicious and should be eliminated by any owner who desires good work. Your contractor should be an engineer of recognized standing, or have associated with him a consulting engineer of proved ability, who shall be held respon- sible for the design ; and it is preferable, in any event, to have the design when submitted by the contractor checked independently by an engineer representing the owner. The Importance of Tests. — We cannot impress too strongly upon contractors as well as upon architects and owners the importance of tests in connection with concrete construction. We believe most of the so-called failures of concrete construction may be directly traced to failure to provide proper tests. We submit below a few clauses which, if incorporated in specifications, will prevent serious trouble. I. The contractor shall maintain a testing labora- tory, wherein shall be provided facilities for making such tests as may be hereinafter provided for. i6i 2 All cement shall be tested as to conformity with specification for cement as hereinafter printed. 3. The owner, or his representative, may at any time select samples from the concrete as it is being laid. If such samples do not, at the expiration of seven days, develop the strengths as assumed in the calculations, he may immediately have that portion of the work wherein such material was used tested with full working load, and, if such work shows defects or undue weakness, he may require the contractor, at his own expense, to remove such section. 4. At the option of the owner any section of a floor may be tested by loading with the full working load 30 days after completion, and, in the event of undue cracking or failure, may require the contractor to re- place the defective section. The following general specification, with accom- panying notes, will be found applicable, as a whole, or in part, to most structures of Re-inforced concrete. No attempt has been made to cover the details, such as may be peculiar to any one work. The aim has been to give only features generally applicable. Dissent- ing voices may be heard, and many will disagree with certain features, but it is hoped that the mere attempt to outline a specification, which is a departure from accepted practice, will promote discussion, and arouse thought along a line well worthy of consideration. We shall appreciate any criticism or suggestion which will help in the preparation of a specification which will be more in keeping with concrete as a struc- tural entity, than the ordinary present day specifica- tion. 1 62 DESIGN. 1. Weight of Burned Clay Concrete. — The v/eight of burned clay concrete, including the steel reinforce- ment, shall be taken at 150 lbs. per cu. ft. 2. Weight of Other Concrete. — The weight of all •^ther concrete, including the reinforcement^ shall be taken at 150 lbs. per cu. ft. 3. Weight of Materials. — Besides the above, in calculating the dead loads, the weights of the different materials shall be assumed as given in Table No. i. TABLE NO. I. Weights of Building Materials, etc. In Pounds per Cubic Foot. Material Weight Paving brick 150 Building brick 120 Granite 170 Marble 170 Limestone 160 Slag 140 Gravel 120 Slate 175 Sand, clay and earth, no Mortar 100 Stone concrete 150 Cinder concrete 90 Material. Weight Plaster 140 Glass 160 Snow 40 Spruce 25 Hemlock 25 White Pine 25 Oregon Fir 30 Yellow Pine 40 Oak 50 Cast Iron 450 Wrought iron 490 Steel 490 100 Paving asphaltum 4. Live Loads. — The following table gives the uniformly distributed live loads for which structural members shall be designed when their dead loads are as given in the first column A : i63 Table No. 2 DEAD I^OAD Pounds per Square Foot CORRESPONDING I^IVE I.OAD Pounds per Square Foot (Column A) (1) (2) (3) (4) 72 103 155 194 50 63 93 140 175 59 84 126 158 53 76 114 143 80 48 69 104 130 90 46 64 96 120 100 41 58 87 109 110 37 53 80 100 120 34 49 74 93 31 44 66 81 29 41 62 78 27 39 59 74 5. D^vellings, Etc. — The live loads on floors for dwellings, apartment houses, dormitories, hospitals and hotels, shall be as given in column (i) of Table No. II. 6. Schoolrooms, Etc. — For schoolrooms, churches, ofiices, theatre galleries, use column (2) Table No. 11. 7. Stores, Etc. — For ground floors of office build- ings, corridors and stairs in public buildings, ordinary stores, light manufacturing establishments, stables and garages, use column (3) Table No. II. 8. Assembly Rooms, Etc. — For assembly rooms, main floors of theatres, ball rooms, gymnasiums or any room likely to be used for dancing or drilling, use column (4) Table No. II. 9. Sidewalks, — For sidewalks, 300 pounds per square foot. i64 10. Warehouses, Etc. — For warehouses, factories, special according to service, but not less than column (4) of Table No. II. 11. Columns. — For columns the specified uniform live loads per square foot shall be used with a mini- mum of 20,000 pounds per column. 12. Reductions on Columns. — For columns carry- ing more than five floors the live loads may , be re- duced as follows : For columns supporting the roof and top floor, no reduction. For columns supporting each succeeding floor, a reduction of 5 per cent, of the total live load may be made until 50 per cent, is reached, which reduced load shall be used for the columns supporting all remaining floors. 13. Exceptions to Reductions on Columns. — This reduction is not to apply to live load on columns of warehouses, and similar buildings which are likely to be fully loaded on all floors at the same time. 14. Theory of Stress. — The method used in com- puting the stresses shall be such that the resultant unit stresses shall not exceed the prescribed unit stresses as computed on the following assumptions : (1) That a plane section normal to the neutral axis remains such during flexure, from which it follows that the deformation in any fibre is directly proportionate to the distance of that fibre from the neutral axis. (2) That the modulus of elasticity remains con- stant within the limits of the working stresses fixed in these regulations and is as follows : i65 Steel, 30,000,000 lbs. per square inch. Burnt clay concrete, 1,500,000 lbs. per square inch. All other concrete, 2,000,000 lbs. per square inch. (3) That concrete does not take tension, except that in floor slabs, secondary tension in- duced by internal shearing stresses may be assumed to exist. UNIT STRESSES. 15. Unit Working Stresses. — The allowable unit stresses under a working load shall not exceed the following: Burned clay or cinder concrete — • Direct compression, 300 lbs. per square inch. Cross bending, 400 lbs. per square inch. Direct shearing, 150 lbs. per square inch. Shearing where secondary tension is allowed, 15 lbs. per square inch. All other concretes — Direct compression, 500 lbs. per square inch. Cross bending, 800 lbs. per square inch. Direct shearing, 300 lbs. per square inch. Shearing where secondary tension is allowed, 25 lbs. per square inch. STEEL. Medium Steel High Elastic Limit Steel Tension, 14,000 20,000 16. Compression in Steel. — The compression in the steel shall be computed from the corresponding i66 compression in the concrete, except for hooped columns. 17. Bonding Stress Plain Bars. — The Bonding stress between steel and concrete under working load shall not exceed the folowing for plain steel : For medium steel, 50 lbs. per superficial sq. in. of contact. For High El. Lim. Steel, 30 lbs. per superficial sq. in. of contact. 18. Bonding Stress other than Plain Bars. — For bars of such shape throughout their length that their efficiency of bond does not depend upon the adhesion of concrete to steel, the allowable bonding stress un- der working load shall be determined as follows : The bars shall be imbedded not less than six inches in concrete as herein defined and the force required to pull out the bar shall be ascertained. At least five such tests shall be made for each size of bar and an affidavit report of the test shall be submitted to the Commissioner of Public Buildings, who shall then fix one-fourth of the average stress thus ascertained at failure as the allowable working stress. 19. Maximum Column Length. — The unsupported length of a column shall not exceed fifteen times its least lateral dimension. 20^ Combined Flexure and Compression. — In a column subjected to combined direct compression and flexure, the extreme fiber stress resulting from the combined actions shall not exceed the unit stress pre- scribed for direct compression. 21. Reinforcement in Columns. — All columns shall have longitudinal steel members so arranged as to l67 make the column capable of resisting flexure. These longitudinal members shall be stayed against buckling at points whose distance apart does not exceed twenty times the least lateral dimension of the longitudinal member. In no case shall the combined area of cross- section of these longitudinal members be less than one per cent, of the area of the concrete used in proportion- ing the column, and the stays shall have a minimum cross section of three one-hundredths of a square inch (0.03 sq. ins.). 22. Hooped Columns. — If a concrete column is hooped with steel near its outer surface either in the shape of circular hoops or of a helical cylinder, and if the minimum distance apart of the hoops or the pitch of the helix does not exceed one-tenth the diameter of the column, then the strength of such a column may be assumed to be the sum of the following three elements : (1) The compressive resistance of the concrete when stressed not to exceed five hundred pounds per square inch for the concrete enclosed by the hooping, the remainder be- ing neglected. (2) The compressive resistance of the longi- tudinal steel reinforcement when stress does not exceed allowable working stress for steel in tension. (3) The compressive resistance which would have been produced by imaginary longitudinals stressed the same as the actual longitudi- nals ; the volume of the imaginary longi- tudinals being taken at two and four-tenths (2.4) times the volume of the hooping. In i68 computing the volume of the hooping it shall be assumed that the section of the hooping throughout is the same as its least section. If the hooping is spliced the splice shall develop the full strength of the least section of the hooping. 23. Minimum Covering of Steel. — The minimum covering of concrete over any portion of the reinforc- ing steel shall be as follows : For flat slabs not less than one inch. For beams, girders, ribs, etc., not less than 2 inches. For columns not less than two inches. In com- puting the strength of columns, other than hooped columns, the outside one inch around the entire column shall be neglected. 24. Continuous Beams. — Beams continuous over supports shall be reinforced to take the full negative " bending moment over the supports, but shall be com- puted as non-continuous beams. 25. Minimum Spacing of Steel. — The minimum distance center to center of reinforcing steel members shall not be less than the maximum diameter or diag- onal dimensions of cross section plus two inches. 26. T-beams. — In designing T-beams, the width of floor slab which may be assumed to act as compres- sion flange of the beam, shall not exceed one-fourth (^) of the span of the beam, but in no case shall it exceed the distance, center to center, of beams. 27. Splicing Steel. — If it is necessary to splice steel reinforcing members, either in compression or tension, the splice shall be either a steel splice that i6g in tension will develop the full strength of the member, or else the members shall be lapped in the concrete for a length equal to at least the following : For plain bars of medium steel, forty times the diameter or maximum diagonal of cross section. For plain bars of high elas- tic limit steel, seventy times the diameter or maxi- mum diagonal of cross section. For other than plain bars, the length of lap shall be in inverse ratio to the ratio of the allowed bonding stresses as herein re- quired. In no case, however, shall the steel reinforce- ment in a beam or girder be lap spliced. Foundation Walls and Piers. — Foundation walls and piers shall be at least 4 inches wider than the wall or columns which is to rest thereon. Floors and Columns. — Floors and columns shall be designed for a minimum live load at least equal to any load to which it may be subjected during the course of construction, from weight of false work and wet concrete used in the floor next above. No load shall be imposed on a floor until the expiration of seven days or until the test cubes for the section to be used show a strength sufficient to carry the load to be im- posed. Stresses. — Reinforced concrete shall be so designed that the stresses in concrete shall not exceed the follow- ing:— Extreme fibre stress of concrete in com- pression 500 lbs. per sq. in. Concrete in direct compression, piers and foundations 500 lbs. per sq. in. Concrete in direct compression, hooped columns 900 lbs. per sq. in. 170 Shearing stress in concrete ... 50 lbs. per sq. m. Tensile stress in steel 16,000 lbs. per sq. in. Tensile stress in proof or twisted steel, 20,000 lbs. per sq. in. Shearing stress in steel 10,000 lbs. per sq. in. Reinforcing. — Reinforcing metal shall conform to the following specification : Chemical analysis shall show in no part more than 6-100 of I per cent, of sulphur, nor more than 9-10 of I per cent, of manganese ; if made in acid furnace shall contain not over 0.08 per cent, phosphorus and not over 0.05 per cent, sulphur, and whether said acid or basic must have the following physical properties: (a) Ultimate strength, not less than 80,000 lbs. per square inch. (b) Elastic limit not less than 55,000 lbs. per square inch. (c) Minimum elongation in 8 inches, 22 per cent. (d) Rods must be capable of being bent cold to a . diameter equal to their thickness without sign of fracture. Bending Moments. — The following assumption shall guide in the determination of the bending moments due to external forces : Lintels, beams and girders shall be considered as simply supported at the ends, no allow- ance being made for continuous construction over sup- ports, and the bending moment for a uniformly distrib- uted load on such a member shall be taken at not less than WL, where W is the uniformly distributed load in ~8 pounds and L is the span in inches. Floor plates when constructed continuous and when provided with reinforcement at top of plate over the" 171 supports, may be treated as continuous beams, and the bending moment for a uniformly distributed load taken at not less than WL. But in the case of square floor lO plates which are reinforced in both directions and sup- ported on all sides, the bending moment may be taken at WL 20. The floor plate to the extent of not more than five times the width of any beam may be taken as part of that beam or girder in computing its moment of resist- ance. Moment of Resistance. — The moment of resistance of any reinforced concrete construction under transverse loads shall be determined by formulas based on the fol- lowing assumptions : (a) The bond between the concrete and steel is sufficient to make the two materials act together as a homogenous solid. (b) The strain in any fibre is directly proportionate to the distance of that fibre from the neutral axis. (c) The modulus of elasticity of the concrete re- mains constant within the limits of the work- ing stresses fixed in this specification. (d) The tensile strength of the concrete shall not be considered. Shearing Stress and Adhesion. — When the shearing stresses, developed in any part of a reinforced concrete construction, exceed the safe working strength of con- crete as fixed in this specification, a sufficient amount of steel shall be introduced in such a position that the defi- ciency in the resistance to sheer is overcome. 1^2 When the safe Hmit of adhesion between the con- crete and steel is exceeded, provision must be made for transmitting the strength of the steel to the concrete to at least such an extent as will bring the adhesion to within the safe limit fixed by this specification. Where the floor is of T-section, the floor section for a distance of 24 inches to either side of the beam or gir- der may be figured as a part of that beam or girder in computing their resistance, EXECUTION Factor of Safety. — All reinforced concrete shall be figured to sustain four times the working load without stressing the steel beyond its elastic limit, except that where proof or twisted steel is used the factor of safety for steel may be reduced to 2. Drawings. — All recognized concrete work shall be built in accordance with approved detailed working draw- ings, and no work shall be commenced until the drawings shall be so approved. These drawings shall indicate clearly the units of work which the contractor will be required to observe, i.e., the points at which he will be permitted to stop work. The design shall conform to the requirements of the local building commission. Condition of Reinforcing Steel. — The steel used for reinforcing concrete shall have no paint on it, but shall present the concrete a clean surface, free from heavy rust or scale. If the steel has more than a thin film of rust upon its surface it shall be cleaned before being placed in the concrete by scrubbing with wire brushes or by pickling in a bath consisting of i part commercial sulphuric acid to 6 parts water, as the engineer in charge may direct. When the pickling bath is used the bars must be washed thoroughly in clear water after the bath before placing in the concrete. 173 Unit of Measure of Cement. — In proportioning ma- terials for concrete, one bag containing not less than 94 pounds of cement, shall be considered I cubic foot. Measuring Aggregates. — Aggregates, sand, stone or gravel, shall be measured in measuring boxes, or in straight topped measuring barrows. Where barrows are used they shall be all of one size, or the size shall be plainly marked if more than one size is used. The meas- ure of size shall be the cubic contents of the barrow "struck flat" with a straight edge. No heaping will be allowed. Placing concrete. — Concrete shall be placed in the forms as soon as practicable after mixing, and shall in no case be used without retempering if more than one hour has elapsed since the addition of the water. Concrete that has been spilled along the runways shall not be deposited in the structure. All concrete shall be deposited in such a manner as not to cause separa- tion of the mortar from the coarse aggregates. The concrete in columns shall, in all cases, be placed at least 24 hours in advance of the concrete of the floor which is to rest thereon. The units of construction, as indicated on the drawings, must be rigidly observed and each unit completed at one time. Placing Steel. — The steel shall be accurately placed in the forms and secured against disturbance while the concrete is being placed and tamped. No concrete shall be placed until the reinforcing metal for the entire section to be filled is in place and has been in- spected by the Engineer. The concrete shall be worked thoroughly around all reinforcing bars, and in no case shall the metal be exposed. 174 Patching. — No patching shall be done without au- thorization from the owner. In case voids appear when the moulds are stripped, they shall be reported at once to the owner, who will inspect same and give the necessary instructions for repairing the defect. Concrete. — The aggregate for concrete shall be clean broken trap rock, or other hard rock, limestone excepted, hard burned broken brick, clean furnace clinker, entirely free of combustible matter, furnace slag or clean gravel, together with clean, silicious sand, if sand is required to produce a dense, close mixture. Neither cinder, nor slag concrete shall be used where exposed to the weather. Specifications for Portland Cement. 1. The cement shall be first-class American Port- land in a dry powder, free from lumps or caking. 2. It shall satisfactorily pass all the tests required for first-class Portland cement by the Department of Buildings of New York City. 4. The net weight per bag shall not be less than 94 pounds. 5. Fineness. — Seventy-five per cent, shall pass through the ordinary wire sieve having 36,000 openings per square inch. 6. Soundness. — Pats of neat cement mixed for five minutes with 20 per cent, by weight of water, made on glass, each pat about 3 inches in diameter, and one-half inch thick at center, tapering thence to a thin edge ; when kept under a wet cloth or in a very damp atmosphere for twenty-four hours and then placed in cold water and heated to 212 degrees, and kept at that temperature for six hours and allowed to cool, shall show neither distor- tion nor cracks. 175 7. Time of Setting. — The cement shall not acquire its initial set in less than forty-five minutes in a tempera- ture of 80 degrees, and must acquire its final set in ten hours. 8. Briquettes made of neat cement after being kept in air for twenty-four hours under a wet cloth, and the balance of the time under water, shall develop tensile strength per square inch as follows : Aften seven days 450 lbs. After twenty-eight days 540 lbs. Briquettes made of one part by weight of cement and three parts standard sand shall develop tensile strength per square inch as follows : After seven days 140 lbs. After twenty-eight days 220 lbs. Four inch cubes made of one part by weight of cement and three parts of standard sand mixed wet and jarred into mold, shall have a crushing weight of 12 tons when 28 days old. After being kept in air for seven days un- der a wet cloth, and the balance of the time under water. 9. The specific gravity of the cement shall not be less than 3.1, nor mgre than 3.4. 10. When mixed into a stiff paste and placed into an inch glass tube made of thin glass it shall not crack the same. Proportions. The concrete shall be so propor- tioned that at the expiration of seven days the crush- ing strength of the concrete shall be at least two times the compressive strength assumed as a basis for the calculations, and at the expiration of thirty days the crushing strength of the concrete shall be at least four times the compressive strength so assumed. 176 For the purpose of estimating, the strength of con- crete shall be assumed as in accordance with Thacher's formulas as given below : 7 days 1800 — 200 (Vol. cement) 30 daya 3100 — 350 (Vol. cement) 90 days 3820 — 460 (Vol. cement) 180 days 4900 — 600 (Vol. cement) Mixing Concrete. — All concrete shall be machine mixed in a machine of the batch type. Each batch shall be retained in the machine for a sufficient time to ensure 25 complete turns of the material. Water in the Concrete. — The mixture shall be wet as possible without causing a separation of cement from the mixture. Forms or Centering. — The forms shall be constucted as per plans to be furnished by the contractor and ap- proved by the owner. They shall be so designed that they will carry without settlement four times the weight imposed by the body of wet concrete to be sus- tained. The contractor may be required to replace such false work as may fail to meet the above requirements. Before laying the concrete a bay, to be selected by the owner, shall be tested, with two times the load imposed by the wet concrete to be laid. The owner may, at his own expense, order a repetition of the above test if, in his opinion the molds have been weakened by con- tinued use, and may require the contractor to replace at his own expense such portions as may show signs of failure. The molding surfaces shall be constructed of tongue and groove material not wider than 4 inches and shall be either of white pine, Norway pine, spruce or cypress. No hemlock shall be used either for mold- ing surfaces or ebewhere. 177 Filling Forms. — The molding surfaces shall be prac- tically water tight. Column molds shall be provided with a clean-out door at the foot. No concrete shall be laid until the section to be filled, whether columns, walls or floors, has been inspected and approved. The inspection shall not take place until the carpenters' work on the section to be filled is finished and the car- penters have moved ofif. Stripping Forms. — The molds shall be stripped only under instructions from the inspector. For determining the time of stripping, there shall be made, at the time of laying the floors, test cubes of the material as it goes into the work. These cubes shall be left to har- den on the surface of the floor so that they may be subject to the same conditions as the floor material. There shall be made at least six of these cubes which will be tested under the supervision of the inspector, and no false work shall be stripped unless these test cubes show the crushing strength used as the basis for calculation. All molding surfaces shall be cleaned before each setting and shall be coated with petrolatum, well brushed on. Floors and Columns. — Molds must be protected against injury from the wheelbarrows or carts by use of substantial runways. Wheelbarrows must not strike the floor in dumping. Freezing Weather. — No concrete shall be laid in freezing weather unless precautions are taken to en- sure protection against freezing, and in any case work shall be prosecuted in freezing weather only upon written consent of the owner. Where it is necessary to carry on the work in freezing weather, the con- 178 tractor will be required to submit his plan of frost protection before such consent will be granted. Cov- ering fresh laid concrete with manure will not be per- mitted. Note. — The following outline of a system of frost pro- tection may be of service to contractors, as well as owners and engineers, who have to meet the problem of winter work. This system was devised by the Messrs. Ransome and has been used by them with success for several years past. The aggregate shall be heated to a temperature of 80 to 100 degrees, preferably in a standard sand heater. The water shall be heated to 80 to 100 degrees and have added to it salt in the proportions of 8 lbs. of salt to the barrel of cement. When mixed, the concrete shall be placed imme- diately; in no case shall more than 10 minutes elapse. When the concrete has been placed it shall be protected against the action of frost. The newly laid concrete shall be covered by a solid wood covering, blocked up at least six inches above the surface of the floor in a manner to permit free circulation of air beneath the covering. Heat shall be introduced beneath the floor (or in the case of ground floors, beneath the board covering) by means of steam coils, or salamanders. If the former system be used provision must be made for the escape of sufficient steam beneath the covering to prevent prema- ture drying out of the concrete. If salamanders be used they must be sprinkled freely with water, thus producing the necessary amount of moisture, and small openings shall be left in the floor slab to permit the warm air to circulate over the upper surface of the floor. The sides of the floor shall be protected by canvas curtains, which shall extend downward to the floor next below. 179 There shall be placed beneath the floor and beneath the panels on top of the floor, at intervals of lo feet, self-registering thermometers, which in no case must show lower than 32 degrees. This temperature must be maintained until the test cubes which have been allowed to set on the floor and beneath the top covering show the strength used as a basis for the design. (See paragraph for particulars as to Test Cubes.) Protection of Concrete from Drying. — When the concrete is exposed to hot or dry atmosphere it shall be kept moist for a period of at least 24 hours after it has taken its initial set. This shall be done by a covering of wet sand, cinders, etc., or by continuous sprinkling, or by other method equally effective in the opinion of the owner. Finishing Floors. — All floors which will be sub- jected to use by the contractor in progress of the work will be roller finished when laid, and the wearing sur- face shall be applied after the floor next above has been laid and the false work therefore has been removed. The finish coat shall be at least inch thick, and shall be of the type known as ''granolithic,'' mixed in the proportions of i part cement and parts crushed granite or other hard stone acceptable to the owner. The surface of the old concrete will be thoroughly cleaned by sweeping and washing, and all loose ma- terial removed. The surface shall then be treated with "Ransomite" or other approved bonding mixture, and the finish coat applied in the usual manner. A soft wearing surface will not be accepted. i8o Work After Dark. — The contractor must provide means for thorough illumination of the work in case it may be necessary to prosecute work after dark. Preliminary Work. — Before beginning work the contractor will see that monuments are established at the end of each side of the building and in line with the center of the outer row of piers. These monuments should be carefully set to serve as bench marks and there shall be cut therein a clear mark in true line with the center lines of the piers. The contractor will see that these lines are verified before proceeding with the work. The falsework for each floor shall be checked against these bench marks before being filled. RANSOME CABLE CODE (For Code of Mixer Parts see Page 63) feARROWS. Babe — 3 cubic ft. capacity, forward dump, one- wheel barrow. Baco — 4 cubic ft. capacity, forward dump, one- wheel barrow Bado — 5 cubic ft. capacity, forward dump, one- wheel barrow Bafo — 3 cubic ft. capacity, forward dump, two- wheel barrow Bago — 4 cubic ft. capacity, forward dump, two- wheel brrow Banno — 5 cubic ft. capacity, forward dump, two- wheel barrow Base — Angle leg side dump barrow. i8i BILL OF LADING. Braddleye — Bill of lading attached to draft. Bradonem — Bill of lading is dated. Braentigam — Bill of lading goes forward by first mail. Bragada — Cannot secure delivery without bill of lading. Bragadura — Forward all bills of lading. Bragot — Has bill of lading been sent? Bragueta — One copy of bill of lading attached to draft. Braitassi — Send duplicate bill of lading. BOILERS. Brakspuit — Boiler has not arrived. Brakvogel — ^Boiler is on the way. Brakwolke — Boiler is of — horsepower. Brakwolken — -Must have new boiler. Brakwan — lo h. P- Ransome portable boiler on wheels Brakwap — 15 h. p. Ransome portable boiler on wheels Brakwar — 20 h. P- Ransome portable boiler on wheels Brakwas — 25 h. p. Ransome portable boiler on wheels Brakwat — 30 h. P- Ransome portable boiler on wheels Brakwax — 40 h. P- Ransome portable boiler on wheels Brakwen — 50 h. p. Ransome portable boiler on wheels l82 Brakwep — 60 h. p. Ransome portable boiler on wheels Brekod — 10 h. p. Ransome special upright Tubu- lar boilers Brekog — 15 h. p. Ransome special upright tubu- lar boilers Brekok — 20 h. p. Ransome special upright tubular boilers Brekom — 30 h. p. Ransome special upright tubu- lar boilers Brokman — 4 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler Brokwar — 5 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler Brokmas — 6 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler Brokmat — 8 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler Brokmax — 10 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler Brokmanna — 12 h. p. Ransome standard upright tubular boiler Brokmarra — 15 h. p. Ransome standard upright tubular boiler Brokmassa — 18 h. p. Ransome standard upright tubular boiler Brokmatta — 20 h. p. Ransome standard upright tubular boiler Brokmaxa — 25 h. p. Ransome standard upright tubular boiler Brokmen — 30 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler i83 Brokmer — 35 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler Brokmes — ^^40 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler Brokmet — 45 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler Brokmex — 50 h. p. Ransome standard upright tu- bular boiler Brokmenna — 60 h. p. Ransome standard upright tubular boiler BROKEN. Broshoek — Broken in transit. Send duplicate Brosier — Broken in transit owing to careless handling. Send duplicate part. Brosilem — Broken on account of defective ma- terial. Send new part. BUCKET (Concrete Hoist). Brosilete — 10 cu. ft. capacity Brosilletto — 20 cu. ft. capacity Bruchhut — 30 cu. ft. capacity Bruchil — 40 cu. ft. capacity Bruchlam — Bail for i bucket Bruchlich — Bail for 2 buckets Bruchnuss — Bail for 3 buckets Bruchpalm — Bail for 4 buckets Bruchreij — Bucket for No. i without bail Bruchtanne — Bucket for No. 2 without bail Bruckan — Bucket for No. 3 without bail Brucolera — Bucket for No. 4 without bail Brucourt — Front brace No. i Bructorum — Front brace No. 2 Brudeler — Front brace No. 3 i84 Brudindino- — Front brace No. 4 Brudos — Rear brace No. i Brudonille — Rear brace No. 2 Brudches — Rear brace No. 3 Brudhamer-— Rear brace No. 4 Brudlin — Trunnion No. i Bruzlin — Trunnion No. 2 Bruzzam — Trunnion No. 3 Bruzzet — Trunnion No, 4 Bruzzeta — Cross brace No. l Bruzzettam — Cross brace No. 2 Bruzzot- — Cross brace No. 3 Bruzzotam — Cross brace No. 4 Bruzzna — Nose piece No, i Bruzznam— Nose piece No, 2 Bruzznama^ — Nose piece No. 3 Bruzznap — Nose piece No. 4 CARTS. i Bruzznat — 6 cu. ft. capacity round nosed cart Bruzznatta — 6 cu. ft. capacity pointed nosed cart , CABLE. See under Telegraph. CASH. See also Terms. Cabriteras — Cash before delivery. Cacapar — Cash on surrender of shipping papers. Cacapinho — Cash on arrival at destination. Cacaranado — Cash in 30 days from date of invoice. Cacareaba — Cash with order, balance on delivery. Cacareador — Cash with order, balance 30 days. Cadaverini — Cash with order, balance 60 days. Cadaverous — Cash 60 days from date of invoice. Cadaverum — What discount do you allow for cash? i85 Caddeci— On delivery of shipping papers Caddor— Two per cent, for cash lo days Caddy- — Five per cent, for cash on surrender of shipping papers COMMISSION. Caprilibrus — Does not include commission. Caprilium — Does your price allow for our com- mission? Capronique- — If there is no profit will you waive commission? Capsacarum — Provided commission is waived Capstone^ — Waive commission if necessary Capsulage — We deducted commission. Add whatever commission you wish Captandos — The usual commission is CRAB (Friction Hoist). Captive — 1906 model No. i Captors — 1906 model No. 2 Captrix — 1907 model No. 3 DATE. Cleombroto — About what date? Cleomenco — Advise date of arrival Cleptoru^m — Date cannot be fixed till we receive motor details Clergify — Date must be adhered to. On or about the Clisobra — ist ultimo. Clisophus — 2nd ultimo Clisson — 3rd ultimo. Clisterizo — 4th ultimo. Clisthenem — 5th ultimo. t86 Clisthenis — 6th ultimo. Clitarchi — 7th ultimo. Clitarchus — 8th ultimo. Clitarium — 9th ultimo. Clitched — loth ultimo. Clowinsh — nth ultimo. Clowinshly — 12th ultimo. Clowns — 13th ultimo. Cloyless — 14th ultimo. Cloyment — 15th ultimo. Coabitato — i6th ultimo. Coabitavo — 17th ultimo. Coabito — i8th ultimo. Coaccion — 19th ultimo. Coaccuse — 20th ultimo. Coadjust — 2 1 St ultimo. Coadjuting — 22nd ultimo. Coadjutor~23rd ultimo. Coadjutrix — 24th ultimo. Coaxar — 25th ultimo. Coaxavitis — 26th ultimo. Coaxavunt — 27th ultimo. Coaxax — 28th ultimo. Coaxaxa — 29th ultimo. Coaxat — 30th ultimo. Coaxaxatta — 31st ultimo. Cobrabamus — ist instant. Cobrable — 2nd instant. Cobraderas — 3rd instant. Cobrador — 4th instant. Cobramos — 5th instant. Coegalite — 6th instant. Coegero — 7th instant. Coegemut — 8th instant. Coegissem — 9th instant. Coegnale — loth instant. Coela — nth instant. Coelanthe — 12th instant. Coelector — 13th instant. Coelectum — 14th instant. Coelestin — 15th instant. Cograins — i6th instant. Cogrus — 17th instant. Cogucho — i8th instant. CoguUada — 19th instant. Cogware — 20th instant. Coldish — 2 1 St instant. Colder — 22nd instant. Colebant — 23rd instant. Colebatis — 24th instant. Collanuzza — 25th instant. CoUapsi — 26th instant. Collapsing — 27th instant. CoUapsos — 28th instant. CoUapsuri — 29th instant. Collegassi — 30th instant. CoUegavi— 31st instant. Collego — 1st proximo. Collek — 2nd proximo. CoUeka — 3rd proximo. Collekan — 4th proximo. CoUekana — 5th proximo. CoUeke — 6th proximo. CoUeken — 7th proximo. CoUekena — 8th proximo. CoUeku — 9th proximo. i87 CoUekun — loth proximo. CoUekura — nth proximo. Collela — I2th proximo. Collelan — 13th proximo. CoUelana — 14th proximo. CoUele — 15th proximo. CoUelen — i6th proximo. CoUelena — 17th proximo. Collelu — i8th proximo.. CoUeppa — 19th proximo. CoUerac — 20th proximo. CoUeramus — 21st proximo. CoUerebbe — 22nd proximo. Colleremo — 23rd proximo. Colleriche — 24th proximo. CoUete — 2Sth. proximo. CoUetamo — 26th proximo. Coiletax — 27th proximo. CoUetaxam — 28th proximo. CoUeti — 29th proximo. CoUeticus — 30th proximo. CoUevo — 31st proximo. DEFECTS. CoUybum — Is defective as to material. Will you send new part or shall we repair at your ex- pense? CoUyvarum — Workmanship defective. Shall we repair at your expense? CoUyre — What is the defect? DELIVERY. See also Price, also Shipment. Compelled — Advise best delivery. Compella — Advise best delivery you will guaran- tee. Competerumo — Can guarantee delivery. Competency — Cannot guarantee delivery. Complacent — Delivery delayed on account of Complebit — We can ship in one day. Complebita — We can ship in two days. Complebix — We can ship in three days. Complebixa — We can ship in four days. Complebot — We can ship in five days. Complebota — We can ship in six days. Complebox — We can ship in seven days. i88 Complejo— We can ship in two weeks. Complesso — We can ship in three weeks. Completaba — We can ship in four weeks. Complete — We can ship in five weeks. Completeba — We can ship in six weeks. Completed — We can ship in seven weeks. Complettis — We can ship in eight weeks. DIMENSIONS. See also Measurements. Cordated — Can do nothing till we have dimen- sions of customer's engine. Cordelier — Dimensions are — • wide by — long by — high. Cornicator — Refer to dimension drawings in our catalogue. DISCOUNT., Covenably — Allow discount of i per cent. Covenanted — Allow discount of 2 per cent. Covenantor — Allow discount of 3 per cent. Covendeur — Allow discount of 5 per cent. Conveniero — Allow discount of 10 per cent. Convenimus — Discount was deducted in making our price to you. ENGINES. Cracon — 3x3 Cracowes — 4x4 disc crank. Cradias — 5x5. Crajje — 6x6. Crajjitt — With countershaft bracket, mixer type. Crajordie — 7x7. Crajordiet — 7x7 with countershaft bracket. Crajtily— 8x8. Crajty — 8x8 with countershaft. 1 89 Craticula — 9x9. Cratiebam — 9x9 with countershaft and brackets. Cratiendos — i ox i o. Cratiendum — 1 2x 12. Cratippi — 14x14. Creidora — 1 6x 1 6. ERROR. Devoluting — A clerical error. Devolvenus — An error in calculating. Dexius — Owing to error on our part. Dextellis — Owing to error on your part. Dextralium — Very much regret error. Diadem — You have made an error in shipment. Diados — You have made an error in shipping pa- pers. Send corrected papers at once. EXPRESS. Divigarono — By express. Divagassi — By what express was it sent? Divagation — Call at the office of express. Divaguer — Send by Express Co. Diyitem — Send by express, prepaid. Divito — Will you stand express charges? FEET. Doopkapel — Cubic feet. Doopoont — How many cubic feet? Doopoox feet long by — feet wide by — feet high. LETTER. Exolate — Await letter. Exomidas — Cancel instructions in our letter of — Exonoratus — Cannot carry out instructions con- tained in your letter of — . 190 Exoravimus — Full particulars will reach you by letter of . Expertly — Get goods covered by your letter ready for shipment. See our letter for instructions. Expetas — Letter received too late to carry out in- structions. FREE. Dummock — Free on board cars at destination. Dummocka — Free on board cars at Dunnellen, N. J. Dummol — Free on board steamer^ New York. Dummola — Free on board steamer at destination. FREIGHT. Dunder — All freight charges to be paid by us. Dunderha — All freight charges to be paid by you. Dunkelman — Based upon present rates of freight. FURNISH. Eccitaton — How soon can you furnish? Eccitatox — How soon can you furnish, and at what price? INVOICE. Esverdeado — A copy of invoice has been sent. Etabliras — Consular invoice. Etabliront — Consular invoice has not been re- ceived. Etacists — Consular invoice not correct. Etambot — Have sent invoice. Etambrai — Have you sent invoice? Eteignions — Invoice in duplicate. Etiendrais — Invoice in triplicate. Eternser — Must be specified in invoice. Eternizado — On delivery of invoice and bill of lading. Ettienzing— What is amount of invoice? Ettenicos — You will deliver invoice and papers to . MIXERS. Extens — Arranged for hoist attachment. Extensor — Equipped with standard batch hopper Extensota — Equipped with standard batch hop- per and water tank. Extent — Equipped with standard elevating hop- per. Extentia — Equipped with standard elevating hop- per and water tank. Extentiam — Equipped with standard water tank. Note. — If machine is wanted on wheels add to the code name the letter ''el." Extor — No. I mixer, 1908 model, on skids. Extort — No. 2 mixer, 1908 model, on skids. Extorta — No. 3 mixer, 1908 model, on skids. Extract — No. 4 mixer, 1908 model, on skids. Extrada — No. i mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with steam engine only. Extraer — No. 2 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with steam engine only. Extraig — No. 3 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with steam engine only. Extraje — No. 4 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with steam engine only. Extram — No. i mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with gasoline engine. Extraneo — No. 2 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with gasoline engine. Extrapo — No. 3 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with gasoline engine. 192 Extrasa — No. 4 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with gasoline engine. Extravo — No. i mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with electric motor. Extruam — No. 2 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with electric motor. Extrude — No. 3 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with electric motor. Extruso — No. 4 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with electric motor. Exude — No. i mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with engine and boiler. Exudrio — No. 2 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with engine and boiler. Exult — No. 3 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with engine and boiler. Exunct — No. 4 mixer, 1908 model on skids, with engine and boiler. Eyebal — No. i mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with steam engine of extra power for hoist. Eyebrow — No. 2 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with steam engine of extra power for hoist. Eyeful — No. 3 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with steam engine of extra power for hoist. Eyelash — No. 4 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, wnth steam engine of extra power for hoist. Eyestone — No. i mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with gasoline engine of extra power. Eyestring — No. 2 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with gasoline engine of extra power. Eyetooth — No. 3 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with gasoline engine of extra power. 193 • Eye wink — No. 4 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with gasoline engine of extra power. Eyzelin — No. i mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with electric motor of extra power. Faalden — No. 2 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with electric motor of extra power. Faamlos — No. 3 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with electric motor of extra power. Fabaraz — No. 4 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with electric motor of extra power. Fabbro — No. i mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with engine and boiler of extra power. Fabula — No. 2 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with engine and boiler of extra power. Fabulat — No. 3 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, wdth engine and boiler of extra power. Facote — No. 4 mixer, 1908 model, on skids, with engine and boiler of extra power. For code of Mixer Parts, see Page 63. Fading — Cart mixer complete, including frame, hood, and one cart. Fadite — Extra cart for cart mixer. ORDERS. Furniano — Accept no further orders from. Furnish — Accept order at price named. Furriel — Advise when order is executed, giving car numbers. Furtively — A mistake has been made in your or- der. Furtivorem — Are getting out the order as rapidly as possible. Will be ready not later than — . Fusciano — Cancel order unless you can fill at once. 194 Fuscoamn — Cancel our order No. — . Our cus- tomer will refuse to accept same. Fusionam — Can get order provided you will guar- antee shipment within — ■ days. Fussacht — Can ship the order complete within — days. Fussgicht— Can take the order . References satisfactory. Shall I close? Futtergas — Expect to complete order. Gabbore — Price given on your order is wrong. Please send corrected order. Gabbronite — Wire us if you can execute the or- der. Gajaria — Order will be shipped immediately. PRICE. Golgotha — At what price and how soon can you ship ? Gorgheggia — Does price include? Gorgiasse — Has there been any change in price? Gorgidas — Is price quoted net, or is it subject to discount? If the latter, how much? Gorgobina — Wire lowest net price of. NUMBERS. To telegraph numbers use the follow- ing code: 1234567890 CDHLMNRSFT Take those of the above consonants which indi- cate the proper numbers to be telegraphed and use sufficient vowels to make some sort of a word. For example to telegraph 49872, you would use the letters LFSRD. This can be made into Lufsrod by the addi- tion of 2 vowels. 195 SHEAVE WHEEL. Galgulus — 42-inch wheel for hoist. SHIP. Incantato — As soon as you can ship. Incancado — By what hne will you ship? Incancavel — By what line did you ship? Incanclura — By what line shall we ship? Incanescas — Cannot ship all by this steamer. Shall we wait and ship all together? Incannit — Can you ship with draft attached? Incaparono — Do not ship. Wait completion of order. Incapavate — Do not ship until further advised. Incappanio^ — Have arranged to ship by first steamer. Incamat — How soon can you ship? Incembus — Shall ship in few days by express. Incensadas — Shall ship in few days by freight. Inceperant — Ship all or none. SHIPMENT. Incoamus — Are making the following shipment. Incoasteis — Are you looking after the shipment of our order? Incoceiavi — Can arrange for immediate shipment Incoctilis — Cannot guarantee shipment. Incognito — Can we rely on prompt shipment? Incolenders — Delay shipment until further ad- vised. IncoUero — First shipment will be made. Incolumity — Have delivered the entire shipment. Incombendo — Have ready for shipment now. Inconubus — Hurry shipment much as possible. 196 Incommodum — If shipment has not already been made. Inconduite — Notify us when ready for shipment. Incoram^ — Shipment must be made by. Incrasante — Shipment must be made by , otherwise cancel our order. Ineriado — What is earliest shipment you can make ? SHIPPED. Incrustada — Already shipped. Incubabas — Can be shipped at once. Incubing — Have not shipped on account of. Incubonem — How were they shipped? Incubuerat — If you have not shipped cancel our order. Incursabit — When was it shipped? Incursae — When will it be shipped? Incurvanda — Will be shipped at once. - TELEGRAPH. Irredemus — Advise by telegraph how soon you can ship and at what price. Irridoline — Answer by telegraph, using Western Union code. Irritaban — Forward immediate answer, by tele- graph. Irritatig — If it cannot be accomplished telegraph at once. Irritator — If 3^ou telegraph order at once on re- ceipt of this. TRACE. Jijerias — Do not think necessary to trace. Jirojina — Trace immediately. Jodelet — Trace shipment by wire.