THE 
 
 I 
 
 j Ferrotyper’s Guide- 
 
 A COMPLETE ^ 
 
 I MANUAL OF INSTEUOTION IN THE ART 
 
 OF fereotyping/ 
 
 I WRITTK^^ HY 
 
 ' AN ACTIVE FEKROTYPER. 
 
 I A- .'5 
 
 Presented hy 
 
 I J. J. AT KINS ON, 
 
 I Dealer in Britisli and American Photographic Materials and 
 j Ferrotype SupplieSi? 
 
 ; <t 37 Manc hester St., Liveri>ool, EnG. 
 
 i 
 
 ^ ‘ NEW YORK: 
 
 V , ' ^ 
 
 PUBLISHEJ) FOR THE AUTHOR BY 
 
 SCOVILL MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 Philadelphia; Benerman & Wilson. 
 
 “ ‘i 1 87 8. 
 
r 
 
 THE 
 
 Ferrotyper’s Guide 
 
 A COMPLETE 
 
 MANUAL OF INSTRUCTION IN THE ART 
 ^ OF FERROTYPING. 
 
 i WRITTEN BY 
 
 AN ACTIVE FERROTYPER. 
 
 *■ 
 
 i 
 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 / 
 
 PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY 
 SCOVILL MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 18 7 3 . 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, 
 
 By ScoviLL Manufacturing Company, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
CONTENTS, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction, 
 
 The Advantages of the Ferrotype, 
 The Manipulations, . . . . 
 
 The Nitrate Bath, . . . . 
 
 The Collodion, 
 
 The Developer, 
 
 The Fixing Solution, . . . . 
 
 Other Manipulations— Pinholes, 
 
 Strengthening, 
 
 Tinting and Coloring, . . . . 
 
 Varnishing, 
 
 Drying and Dryers, . . . . 
 
 Finishing the Work, . , . . 
 
 Ferrotype Envelopes, . . . . 
 
 “ Supports, . . . . 
 
 “ Plates, . . . . 
 
 The Apparatus, 
 
 The Skylight and the Dark-Boom, . 
 Vignettes and Medallions, 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 21 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 43 
 50 
 53 
 
 

INTRODUCTIOK 
 
 The purpose and intention of this work is to 
 give plain and precise directions for the produc- 
 tion of ferrotypes. 
 
 We presume that all of our readers are photog- 
 raphers, and for that reason we shall not go into 
 tedious details. Yet the novice may find herein 
 all he wants to give him ample information con- 
 cerning the work in question, for we shall suffer 
 no necessary point to go by unexplained. 
 
 The ferrotype, as is well known, is a collodion 
 positive picture made upon a japanned iron plate. 
 It has been very popular in the United States for 
 a number of years, and has had a long and suc- 
 cessful life, though it has been much retarded by 
 a jealous feeling among photographers, who have 
 tried to degrade it and to kill ” it. Just as the 
 telegraph, the railway, the steamboat, and hun- 
 dreds of other comparatively modern improve- 
 ments were ridiculed in the beginning, so were 
 ferrotypes hooted at and cried down by photog- 
 raphers. The main cause of this jealousy was 
 the fact that ferrotypes could be produced very 
 cheaply, and photographers feared they would 
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
6 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 be ruined by the introduction of a cheaper pic- 
 ture. Meanwhile, the public seemed to want 
 them ; the manufacturers of and dealers in sup- 
 plies saw ‘‘ business ” in them, and proceeded to 
 perfect the apparatus and material needed ; those 
 who had taken up the process to practice it, made 
 rapid improvements in the manipulations, and 
 in due season the ferrotype marched alongside 
 the photograph as a fierce compeer. Those who 
 “first ridiculed, then opposed,” finally “ac- 
 cepted ” them, made them, and make them now, 
 so that in the majority of the establishments you 
 may have your choice of a photograph or a fer- 
 rotype. 
 
 More than this, there are some in America 
 whose ferrotypes are real works of art, for the 
 subject is lighted as skilfully and posed as artis- 
 tically as can be in any photograph. Such men 
 have done much to raise the ferrotype from the 
 oblivion to which photographers generally would 
 have consigned it. 
 
 Much is due, also, to the strenuous efforts of 
 the Phenix Ferrotype Plate Company, of Wor- 
 cester, Mass., who have labored so hard, and 
 with such eminent success, to produce a quality 
 of ferrotype plate that would meet all the require- 
 ments of the process. Again, much of the prog- 
 ress of the ferrotype is owing to the very perfect 
 apparatus, such as “gem” and “multiplying” 
 camera-boxes, than which none in any way ap- 
 proach the American Optical Company’s (Sco- 
 
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE FERROTYPE. 7 
 
 vill’s) in quality, neatness, compactness, or style. 
 It is even more important to have these articles 
 for ferrotype work as perfect as possible than in 
 the negative process. There is nothing meaner 
 than a mean ferrotype plate. You may make a 
 negative with a shaky camera-box and a lens a 
 little out of focus, but a multiplying box must 
 work exactly^ and the lenses must be adjusted per- 
 fectly alike in focus or the whole is worthless. 
 There are none which are so nearly perfect as 
 those made by the American Optical Company. 
 
 Bearing these facts in mind, we will proceed 
 to discuss the merits, advantages, and claims of 
 the ferrotype briefly, and then proceed at once 
 with the practical details of their production. 
 
 CHAPTEB I. 
 
 THE ADVANTAGES OF THE FERROTYPE. 
 
 A GREAT deal might be said in favor of the 
 ferrotype, though we neither predict nor believe 
 that it will ever supersede the photograph. We 
 believe this, however, that thousands, yea, mil- 
 lions of ferrotypes can be made where no pictures 
 at all would be made did not ferrotypes exist. 
 For this reason they may be introduced by pho- 
 tographers in almost any quarter without fear 
 of their damaging the other branches of the busi- 
 
8 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 ness. A fair trial, we think, will convince any 
 one of the truth of this. 
 
 They are easily produced ; the material costs 
 but little ; the profits are large, and the results 
 are very beautiful and pleasing to your patrons 
 if you exercise the same care in their production 
 that you do in the production of photographs. 
 
 Among other advantages in their favor are the 
 following : 
 
 1. They can be made and finished so quickly 
 that the customer can wait for them. Your 
 work is then done, and you get your money. 
 There are no prints to make and tone, and prob- 
 ably spoil. 
 
 2. You do all the work requiring judgment 
 and care yourself. The simplest employee can 
 finish them, if ordinarily neat and careful. 
 
 3. There are many times when a ferrotype 
 will meet the requirements of the case when a 
 photograph would not do at all ; for example, 
 where parties are paying a hasty visit who will 
 not have a portrait taken at all unless they can 
 take it with them; where persons called unex- 
 pectedly from home want to take pictures of their 
 friends with them ; where the work of having 
 one’s portrait made for a special occasion is put 
 ofi* until the last moment ; where one desires to 
 have the number of portraits taken limited, thus 
 avoiding any clash between photographer and 
 patron as to the ownership of the negative. 
 
 4. They generally soften and flatter strongly- 
 
 
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE FERROTYPE. 9 
 
 marked faces, and are great favorites with the 
 public. 
 
 5. As they may be produced with such facility 
 the best of people will often have them taken, 
 when dressed in a special way ; when celebrating 
 an anniversary occasion ; when desiring a picture 
 to mark any particular event, &c. 
 
 6. The masses will have them made in quan- 
 tity, because they may be had at a comparatively 
 low price. 
 
 In all the cases mentioned, photographs would 
 not be made, even if ferrotypes were not to be 
 had, so that instead of the photographer’s busi- 
 ness receipts becoming depleted by the introduc- 
 tion of the ferrotype, on the contrary he would 
 find them largely increased. 
 
 Again, if the ferrotype is introduced into new 
 places its novelty will attract many customers, and 
 make much additional business. The prices need 
 not be made too low. Charge enough for them. 
 Also, when groups are taken, add something for 
 each additional figure. 
 
 Ferrotypes are very beautiful and very pop- 
 ular in America, and large establishments, hand- 
 somely fitted up, are there devoted entirely to 
 the production of these very popular pictures. 
 An idea of the quantity made, may be had from 
 the fact that in one month, recently, the Scovill 
 Manufacturing Company (New York) alone sold 
 S12,000 worth of the Phenix Ferrotype Plates. 
 Add to this the quantities sold by the manufac- 
 
10 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 turers to other dealers, and you have an irrepres- 
 sible argument in favor of the ferrotype. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE MANIPULATIONS. 
 
 The manipulations are simple and easy. After 
 the solutions and preparations are in readiness 
 come : 
 
 A. Collodionizing. 
 
 B. Sensitteing. 
 
 C. Exp(^ure. 
 
 D. Development. 
 
 E. Fixing. 
 
 F. Drying. 
 
 G. Tinting. 
 
 H. Mounting. 
 
 I. Varnishing. 
 
 J. Receiving the reward of merit. 
 
 The same care, the same cleanliness, the same 
 skill, the same thought, and the same sort of 
 brain-work are necessary as that required by 
 photography. No man can hope to succeed in 
 making good work without the exercise of all of 
 these, and he is sure to succeed if he does exer- 
 cise them. 
 
 There is nothing in the woh'k of the ferrotyper 
 that will degrade the photographer. Do not be 
 afraid of that. All the good lessons you have 
 
THE MANIPULATIONS. 
 
 H 
 
 had in matters of photographic nicety, skill, 
 aesthetics, &c., will come in play in the production 
 of ferrotypes. It is quite easy to make a bad 
 ferrotype, but just as easy to make a good one if 
 you know how, and this we will^reeeedrto feacli 
 you as explicitly as we can. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 The earful, cleanly manipulator succeeds in 
 produc^ the best results. 
 
 Use/xhe best material you can obtain, and the 
 best of apparatus. The material costs so little 
 th^ there is no economy in trying to use that 
 wl/ich is bad. 
 
 /when difficulty in working your formula oc- 
 curs, carefully examine everything, and you will, 
 no doubt, discover the cause. 
 
 I Your motto should be. The best of work^ and 
 remunerative prices. 
 
 \Above all things else, use good plates. The 
 Phenix Ferrotype Plate Company’s are the best. 
 
 ^lect carefully your apparatus. The “ Gem,” 
 “Vrctoria,” and “Multiplying” boxes, made 
 by tl^ American Optical Company (Scovill’s), 
 are the most advantageous. 
 
 The ease with which ferrotypes are made 
 should not debar you from further study. Bead 
 all that is written upon the subject, and con- 
 stantly search after more knowledge. 
 
 As the developer upon the plate causes the 
 molecules of silver to deposit and form the beau- 
 
12 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 tiful image, so will reading and study leave a 
 deposit of knowledge upon your mind, which 
 will assist you greatly in the production of your 
 work. 
 
 CHAPTEE III. 
 
 THE NITRATE BATH. 
 
 The greatest care should be exercised in the 
 preparation of the nitrate bath. We need not 
 remind the old photographer that the bath is 
 the father of good and of evil, and yet as a child 
 never cries unless something ails it, so the bath 
 never refuses to do its work properly unless some- 
 thing ails it. That something is generally the 
 result of some imprudence on the part of the 
 operator, and a careful and patient search will 
 generally set matters right. 
 
 The ferrotype bath is prepared as follows : 
 
 Water, 1 ounce. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, . . . 45 grains. 
 
 Iodize with iodide of potassium. There are two 
 ways of iodizing the bath. One is, to add the 
 iodide (say four grains to a half gallon of solu- 
 tion) directly to the silver solution, and then 
 after dissolving, filter. The following method, 
 however, we think is better : 
 
 Dissolve the iodide, as near as possible, in a 
 small portion, an ounce or so, of the silver solu- 
 
THE NITRATE BATH. 
 
 13 
 
 tion ; allow it to settle, and then pour off the 
 solution ; now wash the iodide with water, pour- 
 ing off the water when the salts settle, and 
 repeating the operation two or three times. 
 Finally, add the iodide to the silver bath ; shake 
 well, and treat the whole to at least a whole day 
 of sunshine. Before using it, add nitric acid 
 sufficient to turn blue litmus paper slightly red, 
 when, after standing a few hours, the solution is 
 ready for use. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 The bath should be kept as near neutral as 
 possible. If it causes the least sign of muddi- 
 ness or grayness of the film, add acid cautiously 
 until the trouble disappears. 
 
 A bath decidedly acid, and one deficient in 
 acid will cause harshness and slowness, besides a 
 lack of brilliancy and roundness of the image — 
 gray high-lights and dark shadows. 
 
 Keep an eighty-grain stock solution of silver 
 on hand with which to strengthen the bath when 
 it becomes weakened by work or overcharged 
 with iodide. Set the bath in the sun a few hours 
 after such additions, and filter before use. 
 
 It is unnecessary to filter your bath every 
 night, though if it can be done in the dark it is 
 recommended as being the best plan. 
 
 An over acid bath causes specks of comet shape 
 to appear on the film. The only remedy is to 
 mix some plain neutral solution with the other, 
 enough to counteract the acidity. 
 
14 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 The addition of ammonia would answer if care 
 is had not to add too much. 
 
 Should the bath show indications of being over- 
 acidified, in the hurry of work, a collodion salted 
 with cadmium salts will give temporary relief. 
 
 Be careful that the plate-holders, shields, and 
 dark-slides are carefully protected from the action 
 of the silver solution. Shellac, asphaltum, pa- 
 raffine and lard are all good protectors. 
 
 An extra bath should always be kept ready for 
 an emergency. 
 
 Do not use your ferrotype bath for negatives. 
 
 It is not a good plan to add silver of one manu- 
 facture to a bath made up of that of another 
 manufacture. The acid and the metal used by 
 difierent manufacturers vary in their nature, and, 
 of course, the resulting nitrate varies. Hence 
 the silver made by one party would be very apt 
 to cause some chemical disturbance if added to a 
 solution made up from silver of another brand. 
 
 The ferrotype bath in its workings and dispo- 
 sition is very similar to the negative bath, and 
 one accustomed to the management of the latter 
 can readily manipulate the former. The novice, 
 when in trouble with his bath, will find full in- 
 structions how to proceed in works on photogra- 
 phy more pretentious than this, such as Dr. Vo- 
 gel’s Handbook of Photography ; Elbert Ander- 
 son’s Skylight and Dark-room^ &c. 
 
 The Phenix Eerrotype Company’s plates, and 
 the American Optical Company’s apparatus, are 
 
THE COLLODION. 
 
 15 
 
 made with a view to putting the best of their 
 kind into the hands of operators, thus aiding 
 them very materially in the production of the 
 best of work. 
 
 CHAPTEE IV. 
 
 THE COLLODION. 
 
 There are of course as many formulee pos- 
 sible for the making of collodion as there are 
 changes possible in the alphabet. The climate, 
 temperature, and peculiar notions of the manipu- 
 lator, regulate the matter altogether. 
 
 What follows are the best known and most 
 used formulae in America, and they are all good. 
 If one does not prove good in your hands, then 
 you have others from which to choose. 
 
 A. 
 
 Ether and Alcohol, . . . Equal parts. 
 
 To each ounce of the above add : 
 
 Iodide of Ammonium, . . .3 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Cadmium, . . . 2 “ 
 
 Bromide of Cadmium, . . . 2J ‘‘ 
 
 Gun-cotton (Hance^s Delicate Cream), to 5 grains. 
 
 This will be found as good as anything can 
 possibly be. Some may have a conceit that they 
 succeed better with 
 
16 
 
 THE FERROTYPER S GUIDE. 
 
 Ether and Alcohol, . 
 
 B. 
 
 20 ounces each. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium 
 
 > 
 
 40 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Cadmium, 
 
 , 
 
 60 
 
 Iodide of Ammonium, 
 
 . 
 
 200 
 
 Gun-cotton (Hance’s 
 Cream), 
 
 Delicate 
 
 180 to 200 grains 
 
 The former will be found to keep the best in 
 hot weather, owing to the greater quantity of 
 cadmium salts used. Very excellent results are 
 obtainable by mixing A and B together. Of 
 course remember that cadmium salts are more 
 decidedly alkaline than those of other salts, and 
 if collodion B works a little slow or harsh on ac- 
 count of acidity, of course the addition of A will 
 correct it more or less. 
 
 C. 
 
 Ether and Alcohol, .... Equal parts. 
 
 Gun-cotton, 5 grains to the ounce of the above, 
 immersing the cotton in the ether before adding 
 the alcohol. 
 
 To each pound of plain collodion add : 
 
 Iodide of Ammonium, . . .04 grains. 
 
 “ Cadmium, . . . . 32 “ 
 
 Bromide “ . . . . 20 
 
 Being a cadmium collodion this will keep well, 
 and may be used as soon as it has settled suffi- 
 ciently to decant. 
 
THE COLLODION. 
 
 17 
 
 D. 
 
 Ether and Alcohol, each, . 
 
 
 8 ounces. 
 
 Gun-cotton (Hance^s), 
 
 
 . 112 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Ammonium, 
 
 
 00 
 
 “ Sodium, 
 
 
 . 16 “ 
 
 “ Cadmium, . 
 
 
 . 32 “ 
 
 Bromide 
 
 , 
 
 . 32 “ 
 
 This is a rather more difficult collodion to ma- 
 nipulate than the others, but in skilful hands 
 obtains most delicate and beautiful results with 
 any plate having a fine surface, such, for exam- 
 ple, as the chocolate-tinted glossy plates of the 
 Phenix Plate Company. 
 
 Some ferrotypers are accustomed to exciting 
 their collodion with the double salts, made as 
 follows : 
 
 Iodide of Cadmium, . . . 182 grammes. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, . . 165 “ 
 
 Warm Water, 300 “ 
 
 Shake well and filter; then evaporate in a 
 small evaporating dish over slow heat. For 
 ammonium and cadmium : 
 
 Iodide of Cadmium, . . . 149 grammes. 
 
 Iodide of Ammonium, . . .144 “ 
 
 Water same as before. 
 
 Double bromides can be made as well by using 
 their equivalents. 
 
 The great advantage gained is in being able to 
 2 
 
18 
 
 THE FERROTYPER S GUIDE. 
 
 use the potassium without any water to dissolve 
 it, as the double iodides dissolve very readily in 
 alcohol and ether. 
 
 For collodion 
 
 E. 
 
 Use the following proportions : 
 
 Double Iodide, . . . . 6 to 6 grains. 
 
 Double Bromide, or Bromide of 
 
 Cadmium, 2J grains. 
 
 Alcohol and Ether, . . . equal parts. 
 
 Cotton (Hance’s Delicate Cream), about 6 grains. 
 
 For soft, delicate effects, when good plates are 
 used, nothing is superior to this collodion, though 
 as we have said, it requires a nice, careful, 
 thoughtful manipulator to work it. Until he is 
 more experienced, the novice had best adhere to 
 A or C. 
 
 Too much care cannot be observed in making 
 collodion, and pure chemicals are necessary. The 
 bromides and iodides should be ground very finely 
 in a glass mortar, and mixed together ; then add 
 a little alcohol ; stir them well together ; let the 
 mixture settle, and pour off into a clean bottle, 
 and repeat until it takes up all it will ; then add 
 the ether, a little at a time, until the required 
 amount is used, shaking well each time you add 
 it ; then filter the whole into a clean bottle. 
 
 Some ferrotypers say they do not add the cot- 
 ton to the collodion until they want it to use, 
 and in this way it keeps better, and does not 
 
THE COLLODION. 
 
 19 
 
 work slower by being old. Some brands of cot- 
 ton thicken more than others. A little judg- 
 ment and experience will regulate that. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 It will be found advantageous to vary the pro- 
 portions of the ingredients used according to the 
 season of the year. For example, less ether 
 should be used in warm weather and more alco- 
 hol than when it is cold, and vice versa. 
 
 Less bromide should be used in hot weather 
 ♦ than in cold. 
 
 If the collodion appears glutinous, too much 
 alcohol has been used. Kemedy, — add more 
 ether, carefully. 
 
 As a general rule ether and alcohol in equal 
 parts is a safe guide. 
 
 If the collodion is very tender or dries too 
 slowly, use more ether, or if it dries too fast, more 
 alcohol is required. 
 
 As the chemicals are not always alike, it is 
 simply impossible to give any rule for mixing 
 collodion that will always work correctly, and 
 you can always have a chance to exercise your 
 judgment. 
 
 We generally use a weaker collodion in summer 
 than in the winter. Much trouble may be saved 
 by keeping your collodion bottle in water during 
 hot weather. It is not necessary to have ice- 
 water, but change the water often, and keep it 
 up to the top of your bottle. Collodion is a very 
 
20 
 
 THE FERROTYPER S GUIDE. 
 
 sensitive solution and needs careful watching. It 
 is in this that you may look for the cause of many 
 of your failures. 
 
 If your pictures have harsh blacks and whites, 
 it indicates a lack of bromide ; and to remedy this 
 we would make some collodion with 3 grains of 
 bromide, and no iodide. Take 1 ounce of it for 
 8 ounces of your old collodion ; shake well to- 
 gether ; let it settle, or filter, and it is ready for 
 use again. 
 
 But when there is too much bromide the dra- 
 pery will be flat and light, no shadows, and the ^ 
 whites will be muddy. Then more iodide should 
 be added. For this purpose make some collo- 
 dion with 5 grains of iodide, hut no bromide, and 
 add to your old collodion enough to make your 
 pictures clear and brilliant. 
 
 Be careful to select the best sample of gun- 
 cotton. Ilance’s “Delicate Cream” is pecu- 
 liarly adapted for ferrotype work. 
 
 The light has more influence upon the action 
 of collodion in ferrotyping than it seems to have 
 in the negative process. A weak light requires 
 more bromide than a larger one. So the collo- 
 dion that would work well under one light might 
 not work at all well under some other, even 
 though all the chemicals were the same. 
 
 Sometimes the nature of the collodion will be 
 entirely changed just by using a difierent gun- 
 cotton, and only the same amount. 
 
 Some recommend washing the cotton with 
 
THE DEVELOPER. 
 
 21 
 
 liquor ammonia and water, then rinsing the am- 
 monia out with distilled water ; wring out dry in 
 a cloth and spread out to dry. Others use dis- 
 tilled water to rinse the cotton. 
 
 We use the cotton without washing at all, and 
 find it works just as well. 
 
 Careful decanting of the collodion is fully as 
 good as filtering it. 
 
 Collodion often slips from the plate because 
 the plates are dirty. The cleanest plates are 
 made by the Phenix Plate Company. Ask your 
 dealer for them. 
 
 A great many failures and stains are caused 
 by badly made apparatus. 
 
 CHAPTEK V. 
 
 THE DEVELOPER. 
 
 As all photographers know, we now come to 
 that most delicate operation, the development of 
 the latent image. It lies dormant within the 
 creamy film on the plate which we hold in our 
 hand, and it is for the manipulator to decide 
 what shall be the character of the developed 
 image ; for although the formula for making the 
 developer is the simplest and easiest of all, it is 
 the most obstreperous and difficult to handle, 
 because there are as many modifications necessary 
 
22 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 as there are in the blows of the artisan in mould- 
 ing his delicate instruments into shape. Mind, 
 not muscle, directs his blows, and so must mind 
 control and direct the development of the pho- 
 tographic image. We must not fail to remem- 
 ber when making the developing solution for 
 ferrotypes, that the effects we are to produce are 
 very different from what we look for in the pro- 
 duction of the negative ; consequently there 
 must he considerable variation in the developer. 
 The shadows in a skilfully, properly made ferro- 
 type, should be clear and transparent, the lights 
 pure and spotless, and withal the whole should 
 possess as much detail as the negative is expected 
 to. The securing of these good qualities is 
 mainly dependent upon the developer and the 
 development. 
 
 The stock ferrotype developer is made as 
 follows : 
 
 Water, 
 
 Protosulphate of Iron, 
 Acetic Acid, . 
 Alcohol, . 
 
 32 ounces. 
 2 ‘‘ 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 The latter may be dispensed with if the de- 
 veloper flows smoothly without. The iron is 
 best dissolved by placing a bit of soft, coarse 
 sponge in a funnel ; on this put the iron crystals 
 and pour in the water. Thus the iron dissolves, 
 and the solution filters at the same time. The 
 proportions given will be found to suit almost 
 
THE DEVELOPER. 
 
 23 
 
 any collodion, variations only being necessary 
 generally in cases of under or over exposure. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Develop over a large funnel with a cotton filter 
 therein. Catch the used developer in a bottle, 
 and use it again. 
 
 If the plate is overexposed weaken the develop- 
 ing solution with that which has been saved as 
 above. If too short an exposure has been made, 
 strengthen the developer. 
 
 As you go along carefully note the changes 
 which occur, and soon you will acquire the ability 
 to make perfect pictures every time, no matter 
 what changes occur. 
 
 Learn to apply, withdraw, accelerate, check, 
 or aid, wherever necessity arises, and to do it 
 judiciously and quickly. Study ^ watch; be on 
 the alert always. 
 
 When the pictures flash out and are harsh and 
 flat the developer is too strong, and in developing 
 several on one plate you cannot develop them 
 evenly alike. 
 
 When developing a number of images on one 
 plate — no unusual thing, for some of the Ameri- 
 can Optical Company’s multiplying boxes enable 
 you to make 144 on a plate — you can retard 
 the further development of those which come 
 out first by letting water flow upon them, while 
 the development of the rest is finished. 
 
 A weak developer is best, for it is most easily 
 
24 
 
 THE FERROTYPER's GUIDE. 
 
 managed, and produces a softer picture. As 
 soon as you observe the three grades of color, — 
 shades, middle-tints, and lights, arrest the action 
 of the developer. 
 
 By improperly flowing the developer the pic- 
 ture may be easily ruined. If allowed to strike 
 the film with force, it will wash the silver from 
 the portion it strikes first, and, a dark, stained 
 appearance is sure to follow. 
 
 If the developer is flowed over the plate evenly, 
 the surface will come up smooth and brilliant ; 
 if allowed to stop, it will mark your plate with a 
 line. 
 
 As a general rule, the least amount of developer 
 used to flow a plate produces the best results. 
 In some conditions of the collodion the best re- 
 sults are obtained by flowing the plate, then by a 
 sudden motion throwing off the greater portion 
 of the developer; this produces a finer deposit 
 and better effect ; but, as a rule, we prefer to use 
 no more than is necessary to flow the plate, and 
 retain it until the picture is fully developed. 
 
 It is very important to know when the picture 
 is fully developed. It requires a keen and well- 
 trained eye to decide this every time ; here lies 
 the secret of success. If the picture is properly 
 developed it has a brilliant, round, and vigorous 
 appearance ; but if not sufficiently developed, it 
 is dull and smoky ; if allowed to go too far, it 
 becomes weak and flat. 
 
 A clean, smooth surface plate conduces greatly 
 
THE FIXING SOLUTION. 
 
 25 
 
 to successful development. Such are the varied 
 brands, eggshell and glossy, black and chocolate- 
 tinted, made by the Phenix Plate Company. 
 
 Many stains and streaks are attributed to the 
 developer, while the real cause is badly made 
 camera-boxes. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE FIXING SOLUTION. 
 
 Hyposulphite of soda is found to be entirely 
 unfit for the fixing of ferrotypes, and our only 
 resource is cyanide of potassium. As we all 
 know, it is a deadly poison, and extreme care is 
 necessary in its use. 
 
 It gives the picture a clearness and that desir- 
 able degree of brilliancy which we cannot get 
 with soda. It should be used so as to get as 
 little of the fumes in the dark-room as possible. 
 The following we believe to be the best plan to 
 use it. Provide a 11 x 14 glass bath. Fill this 
 with a solution of cyanide, and, with a dipper 
 to lay the plate on, immerse the plate in the cyan- 
 ide bath, the same as you would in the silver bath. 
 After it has remained a sufficient time to fix, draw 
 it out, and if not entirely fixed, return it to the 
 bath until it is quite fixed; then draw it out, 
 take it by one corner, and lay it on the washer 
 to wash. You thus protect your hands from the 
 
26 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 cyanide, and the fumes will not pass off so rap- 
 idly as when a flat dish is used. This bath can 
 set in your wash-tank, and as far from you as 
 possible. 
 
 By a washer we mean a block of wood, say six 
 or eight inches square (standing under the tap), 
 over which several thicknesses of clean muslin 
 are fastened, forming a soft cushion on the top 
 of the block. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 Be careful not to make your solution of cyanide 
 too strong. If too strong it will attack the film 
 and destroy it. 
 
 Some ferrotypers who study economy almost 
 too closely are often in a fix because they use 
 “ cheap and nasty ” plates. The Phenix ferro- 
 type plates clear up ” all such troubles. 
 
 Sometimes, owing to the bad construction of 
 the camera-box the plate becomes so fixed in the 
 dark-slide that it cannot be gotten out after ex- 
 posure without destroying it. This never occurs 
 with the American Optical Company’s camera- 
 boxes. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 OTHER MANIPULATIONS. 
 
 Pinholes , — In former years one of the great 
 trials of the ferrotyper was the readiness with 
 
OTHER MANIPULATIONS. 
 
 27 
 
 which small particles of matter floating in the 
 bath solution would adhere to the film while the 
 plate was being sensitized. Little particles that 
 would allow a negative to pass in and out of the 
 bath unharmed would seem to have a peculiar 
 afiection for or spite against ferrotype plates, and 
 like barnacles attach themselves to the film, and 
 thus cause that bane of photography, pinholes. 
 Lately, however, ferrotypers have practiced dip- 
 ping their plates film side in, or, in other words, 
 towards the operator. This is accomplished in 
 two ways : 
 
 A. 
 
 Ke verse the dipper and put the plate under the 
 dipper, collodion side down. Of course the dip- 
 per will be on the back of the plate, and the plate 
 will sit in the prongs of the dipper the same as 
 usual, only the whole thing is reversed when put 
 into the bath. Now, holding the plate with 
 thumb and finger, you carry it down steadily 
 until the plate is below the top of your bath-dish, 
 and then let go of it. The plate will fall against 
 the bath-dish and the dirt will fall on the back, 
 as the film is underneath. There is no danger 
 of scratching the plate after you once get the 
 hang of handling it, and you are always sure of 
 having a perfectly clean plate when it is dipped 
 in this way. 
 
 When you draw the plate out, put the fore- 
 finger of your left hand on the bath near the 
 
28 
 
 THE FERROTYPER's GUIDE. 
 
 dipper, draw up the dipper with the right hand ; 
 when the plate touches your finger, press it back 
 from the bath-dish and take it out with the 
 thumb and forefinger ; drain well, then put it in 
 the shield. 
 
 B. 
 
 Take a rubber dipper, heat it over a gas fiame 
 or a spirit-lamp until it is softened, then spring 
 it at the prongs, and far enough up the dipper to 
 cause your plate to rest against the dipper at 
 both edges and not touch anywhere else. Now 
 you can dip your plate by turning the collo- 
 dion film towards the dipper. This last is the 
 best way, as there is no danger of abrading the 
 film. 
 
 Strengthening , — Very often a plate is properly 
 exposed, and afterwards overdeveloped, thus 
 causing it to be fiat and weak. Such pictures 
 can be saved by strengthening them with cyanide 
 and iodine. 
 
 Make a solution of cyanide about the usual 
 strength for fixing pictures and add a few drops 
 of iodine. This will cause the solution to work 
 quicker and reduce the silver on the picture. 
 The shadows will come up, and a much better 
 effect is secured than when it is strengthened up 
 with strong cyanide alone. If too much iodine 
 is used it will work too rapidly and will spoil the 
 picture by cutting it out faster in one portion 
 than in the other. But if used of the proper 
 
OTHER MANIPULATIONS. 
 
 29 
 
 strength, you can manipulate it just as you 
 please. Many times in grouping, one face is too 
 light, while the others are just right. Drop a 
 drop of this solution on any portion of the face, 
 and thus bring that portion up the fastest. For 
 example, you make a child’s picture, standing, 
 with a black velvet suit. The drapery is just 
 right, but the face is overdone. Drop a drop at 
 a time of this solution on the lightest portion of 
 the face. When it spreads to such portions as 
 are dark enough, wash the picture, then try the 
 same thing over again. In this way a beautiful 
 picture is obtainable. 
 
 A weak solution is preferable. Its effect is 
 slow, and you can watch the action and prevent 
 its going too far in some portions by letting water 
 on those parts and waiting for the other parts to 
 come up. In allowing water to flow on some 
 portions, you will mark your plate if you are not 
 very careM. It is best to rinse the plate well, 
 and then drop a few drops of the solution on the 
 part that is too light. This will spread gradu- 
 ally, and will not make a decided line. In large 
 pictures it can be handled very nicely. You can 
 bring up any portion of the face or drapery by 
 just dropping the solution on the lightest por- 
 tions, and when it spreads too far, wash it ofl* as 
 directed. With care you may save many pic- 
 tures that otherwise would be worthless. Many 
 times we make sittings when the sitter cannot 
 spend time to sit again, and if the pictures hap- 
 
30 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 pen to get developed too far, they can be saved 
 by strengthening them as directed above. 
 
 Faults and Failures , — Very much the same 
 annoyances that beset the negative maker, such 
 as fog, streaks, stains, markings, crapy lines, 
 &c., also pester the ferrotyper, and as full instruc- 
 tions for meeting such drawbacks are familiar to 
 all manipulators, we will proceed with the next 
 topic. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 TINTING AND COLORING. 
 
 After the plate has been developed, washed 
 thoroughly, and dried either spontaneously or by 
 heat, the cheeks may be delicately tinted, and 
 parts of the drapery colored, if the parties so 
 desire. This should be done, of course, before 
 varnishing. Scovill’s dry colors are usually used 
 for this purpose. For the cheeks and lips a mix- 
 ture of carmine and flesh color is used. 
 
 Several very fine soft brushes are required for 
 coloring ; a large one to brush off any light sub- 
 stance that may fall upon the plate, a medium 
 sized one to apply the color, and one to blend 
 the color. 
 
 A very fine brush for applying the color is 
 more apt to scratch the coating than a larger 
 one. 
 
VARNISHING. 
 
 31 
 
 When coloring the cheeks, put the color nearly 
 upon the cheekbone, then with the blending 
 brush begin in the centre and blend it out to a 
 faint tint, so faint that you cannot tell where the 
 color stops, then it will look natural. 
 
 Be careful and not overcolor a picture, other- 
 wise the beauty of a very fine picture is entirely 
 destroyed. 
 
 If one side of the face is dark, do not color that 
 side at all. 
 
 Do not color your pictures when they are hot. 
 It will spoil your brushes. 
 
 If you wish to remove color from any portion 
 of the face, touch the brush first to your own 
 flesh. The moisture taken from your skin will 
 cause the paint to adhere to the brush, and you 
 can easily remove any portion without scratching 
 the film. A brush should be kept for this pur- 
 pose. 
 
 In coloring the lips, place the color first where 
 the deepest tint is needed. The manner of col- 
 oring the drapery will suggest itself to any taste- 
 ful ferrotyper. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 VARNISHING. 
 
 The next step is to varnish the picture care- 
 fully and nicely. Many prefer to make their 
 
32 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 own varnish, although the dealers supply a good 
 article. The following is an excellent method : 
 
 Take one pound of white shellac, very old, if 
 you can get it — the older the better ; break it up 
 fine enough to drop into a bottle, add one gallon 
 of ninety-five per cent, alcohol, shake occasion- 
 ally ; if the gum has age enough to have a honey- 
 comb appearance when broken up, it will dis- 
 solve without any trouble, and will settle off 
 clear. If you cannot get old gum, take new, put 
 it into a tin can, add the alcohol, shake often 
 until the gum softens ; then put the can into a 
 kettle of warm water, keep it at a temperature a 
 little below the boiling-point, take it out and 
 shake it occasionally ; then set it back, and in a 
 little while it will all dissolve and settle off per- 
 fectly clear. When clear, filter, and add about 
 two ounces liquor ammonia and two ounces oil 
 of lavender. The ammonia evaporates so freely 
 it will be necessary to drop a few drops from 
 time to time into the bottle you are using from. 
 
 It is an excellent plan to have two bottles for 
 the varnish. One for pouring it on tha plate ; the 
 other to keep a small funnel standing in, with 
 filtering-paper, and drain the varnish from the 
 plate into the filter. This filters through into 
 the bottle ; if allowed to drain back into the 
 bottle poured from, you flow your plate with 
 the dust that naturally collects on your plate 
 before it gets dry, and the color you use to tint 
 your cheeks will soon fill your varnish full of 
 
VARNISHING. 
 
 33 
 
 dirt. In the other way it is kept constantly 
 clean. 
 
 When your varnish becomes thick, add alcohol 
 sufficient to make it the proper consistency. 
 
 Many ferrotypers pour their varnish direct 
 from the bottle, and after flowing the plate pour 
 the residue back into the bottle. This is good 
 enough so far as coating is concerned, but it is 
 bad to pour back into the bottle, for much dust 
 and dirt are thus carried back into the stock. 
 To avoid this the following ingenious little dodge 
 is practiced : 
 
 A is a toy teapot, C is a small tin funnel, made 
 to fit neatly in the top of the teapot, B is a strip 
 of tin, covering about half of the top of the fun- 
 nel. In using, pour from the spout, and drain 
 
 the plate into the funnel in which some cotton 
 has been placed. 
 
 After varnishing the plate, the drying follows. 
 Of course, a metallic plate held in the heat soon 
 becomes too hot to be held in the fingers, so a 
 dryer must be provided. The form shown in the 
 3 
 
34 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 cut below is generally used, and may be made to 
 fit over a gas, coal, or oil stove or burner. In 
 America the little coal-oil stove is usually used. 
 The dryer proper is made of sheet iron, of the 
 form shown in the drawing. The black dots 
 along the margin of the top are holes for the 
 purpose of creating a draft, thereby preventing 
 smoking of the lamps. The cost of making it is 
 
 very slight. The line along the lower margin of 
 the top is a strip to rest the plates upon while dry- 
 ing. By noticing the end view you will see the 
 form of the strips. The bottom of the dryer is 
 12 by 14 inches, and the height is 14 inches. 
 Strips to be about 1^ or 2 inches from the bottom. 
 
VARNISHING. 
 
 35 
 
 Where a large business is done, of course more 
 than one of these will be needed. 
 
 For the spontaneous drying of the plates after 
 washing, and for resting them upon after var- 
 nishing previous to mounting, the Scovill Manu- 
 facturing Company, New York, make a very con- 
 venient little rack, shown by the drawing below. 
 Every ferrotyper ought to have them standing 
 
 about wherever he has to handle plates. Thou- 
 sands of pictures will be saved if these racks are 
 used, for a plate is much safer resting in one of 
 them than anywhere else. They are about a foot 
 long, strong and durable, and made to fold up, 
 so as to be laid away and kept clean when not in 
 use. They are exceedingly convenient. 
 
36 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 FINISHING THE WORK. 
 
 Now, having the work all carefully and neatly 
 made and varnished, how shall it be finished so 
 as to make it most presentable to the customer, 
 please him best, and bring the operator the most 
 money ? A great variety of ‘‘ trimmings,” so to 
 speak, are made for the ferrotype. First, we 
 have the well-known brass mat and preserver ; 
 next, the ferrotype mount so called — a card with 
 an opening in the centre (with embossing around 
 the opening) to which the ferrotype plate is 
 fastened by ‘‘sticking paper;” then the ferro- 
 type slip, which is a mount described as above, 
 pasted at three edges to a piece of tinted paper 
 which folds over : the ferrotypes are slipped into 
 these, envelope fashion ; next, and most used, 
 come what are called the Philadelphia Carte 
 Envelope, which are made with gilt and embossed 
 openings of various shapes, with a side or top 
 flap to cover the picture, as shown in the draw- 
 ing on p. 37. 
 
 All of these are manufactured and sold largely 
 by the Scovill Manufacturing Company, who are 
 also manufacturers of the celebrated “Union 
 Goods,” such as cases, trays, and frames of most 
 beautiful and elaborate patterns in great variety, 
 all of which are adapted to the ferrotype, large 
 and small. 
 
FINISHING THE WORK. 
 
 37 
 
 The larger sizes of ferrotypes are put in mats 
 and framed in various ways, according to the 
 taste and the stock of the enterprising dealer. 
 
 In America a great many are finished in a mat 
 and stood upon the mantel or centre table by 
 means of Scovill’s Card Supports. 
 
 The cuts on p. 38 represent this useful con- 
 trivance. Ferrotypers desiring to stand ferro- 
 types in their show cases and windows tempo- 
 rarily, not wishing to frame them, will also find 
 this support desirable; and it is a wonder so 
 simple a thing should not have been introduced 
 long before. It is made of stout brass wire — 
 fire-gilt, so as not to tarnish — bent as shown 
 
38 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 below, and its use will also be understood by the 
 cuts. It is a capital little article, and supplied by 
 all dealers at a very low rate, so that you can use 
 them profusely at very little cost, or sell them. 
 
 Some photographers present one with every 
 lot of cartes they make, and find the customers 
 
 buy six times as many more. Its uses are made 
 apparent by the cut. Will serve for cards, 
 cabinets, and even whole size. 
 
FERROTYPE PLATES. 
 
 39 
 
 For business purposes, many ferrotypes of 
 machinery, merchandise, &c., are made. Not 
 desiring to go to the expense of frames, McGill’s 
 Suspending Hand-ring becomes useful. 
 
 You will understand their use as soon as you 
 observe the cut. 
 
 After finishing your pictures neatly in some 
 of these various ways, the next operation is to 
 obtain a good, remunerative price for them. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 FERROTYPE PLATES. 
 
 The great essential in the production of first- 
 class ferrotypes is a first-class ferrotype plate. 
 Many have tried to produce such an article, but 
 after a few spasmodic successes have been com- 
 pelled to give way to failure. Towering above all 
 such, resting upon their ashes, rises the Phenix 
 Plate Company, for which the Scovill Manu- 
 
40 
 
 THE FERROTYPER S GUIDE. 
 
 facturing Company are agents. This Company 
 now manufactures nearly all the ferrotype plates 
 in the market. 
 
 Mr. A. K. P. Trask, author of the Practical 
 Ferrotyper^ says of the Phenix plates, after di- 
 lating considerably on the trials he has had with 
 other plates, also embellishing his work with a 
 large picture on Phenix plates : “The pictures 
 were made on the eggshell chocolate-tinted plates 
 manufactured by the Phenix Plate Company, 
 and I must compliment them on their success in 
 manufacturing the best eggshell, chocolate-tinted 
 plates I have ever used. They have overcome 
 all the objections I have heretofore found. There 
 are no signs of the black comet. The plates are 
 perfectly clean, the surface is hard, and the collo- 
 dion flows smoothly, without spilling. They also 
 give the picture that rich, warm tone which can- 
 not be had with the black plate. I cannot help 
 congratulating the ferrotype world on the suc- 
 cessful manufacture of this valuable plate, as it 
 will create a new era in the ferrotype business, 
 and the Phenix Ferrotype Plate Company are 
 entitled to great credit. I have not spoiled one 
 picture in a whole day’s work on account of im- 
 perfections in the plates. This is a great saving 
 of time and material.” 
 
 Mr. E. M. Estabrooke, of New York, another 
 eminent ferrotyper, and author of an elaborate 
 work on the ferrotype, called The Ferrotype^ and 
 How to Make It, also compliments these plates 
 
FERROTYPE PLATES. 
 
 41 
 
 by making the beautiful picture in his book on 
 them, and writes the following letter : 
 
 Estabrooke’s Gallery, 
 
 No. 31 Union Square, N. Y., 
 
 November 15th, 1872. 
 
 ScoviLL Manufacturing Company. 
 
 Gents : In answer to your inquiry as to the qual- 
 ity of the Phenix Plate Company’s Ferrotype Plates, 
 I have to say that in my book, The Ferrotype and 
 How to Make It^ I have, in discussing the qualities 
 of the different manufacturers, given the plates of 
 which you are the selling agents the preference, with 
 my reasons therefor. In view of the fact that the 
 book will soon be published, and it is expected will 
 quickly be in the hands of every ferrotypist in the 
 country, it is unnecessary, in my opinion, that I 
 should repeat the language there used ; but, instead, 
 you will find inclosed an expression of the opinion 
 of my operators, through whose hands all plates pass, 
 as to the quality of the Phenix Plates, merely adding, 
 in proof of the intelligence of the opinion, that we 
 are perfectly familiar with all qualities and manufac- 
 turers of ferrotype plates. 
 
 Yours very respectfully, 
 
 E. M. Estabrooke. 
 
 Messrs. Bacon and Heighway, Mr. Esta- 
 brooke’s assistants, also write as follows: 
 
 Estabrooke’s Gallery, 
 
 No. 31 Union Square, N. Y., 
 
 November loth, 1872. 
 
 ScoviLL Manufacturing Company. 
 
 Gentlemen: The two thousand non-reversed fer- 
 
42 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 retypes made in this gallery on the Phenix Com- 
 pany's Chocolate-Tinted, Eggshell Plates, for Mr. 
 Estabrooke’s book on Ferrotypes, were made in 
 three weeks, at the rate of over one hundred a day, 
 in addition to our regular business; and we desire to 
 testify to the excellent quality of the plates by stat- 
 ing as a fact that, of the five hundred plates coated 
 and exposed, not one plate was lost from defective 
 surface. 
 
 On examination of the pictures it will be seen, 
 from the brilliancy of their tone, how little the col- 
 lodion afiected the varnished surface, which received 
 the collodion freely, showing that the hardening of 
 the surface had been carried to the point of perfec- 
 tion, thus insuring hardness with sufficient elasticity 
 to prevent cracking. 
 
 We are, gentlemen, very truly yours, 
 
 Frank Bacon, 
 
 Principal Operator. 
 
 W. Heighway, 
 
 Assistant Operator. 
 
 With such recommendations we hardly think 
 the reader will go astray in the purchase of 
 plates. In the article of plates, most assuredly, 
 ‘‘the best are the cheapest.” The Phenix Plate 
 Company manufacture two grades of plates ; one 
 called “ glossy, ” and the other “eggshell. ” The 
 former is a heavier plate than the other, is extra 
 varnished and baked, and has a very smooth 
 surface. The ‘ ‘ eggshell ” plates are thinner, and 
 not so smooth a surface as the other, yet many 
 
THE APPARATUS. 
 
 43 
 
 prefer them. The two kinds are obtainable, and 
 all parties may try them and choose. The fol- 
 lowing sizes are made of both grades : 
 
 4^x6^, 4^x10, J, 5x7, 7x10, 8x10, 10x14. 
 
 These are all supplied in strong, neatly labelled 
 paper boxes (except the 10x14 size, which are in 
 wooden boxes), and none are genuine without the 
 trade-mark of the Phenix Plate Company on the 
 box. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 THE APPARATUS. 
 
 Of course ferrotypes may be made with the 
 ordinary camera-box and lens singly, but where 
 a business of any extent is carried on a “multi- 
 plying” or “gem” camera is indispensable, for 
 by their use from four to one hundred pictures 
 may be made in almost the same time required 
 for a single exposure. At the American Optical 
 Company’s Works, New York, the largest num- 
 ber of these cameras used are made, because they 
 make the most exact and carefully planned boxes 
 in the world. Several varieties are made espe- 
 cially for ferrotype work. 
 
 The cut on p. 44 represents their 4-tube Gem 
 Box, which is as complete and useful a piece of 
 apparatus as can be condensed in the amount of 
 space it occupies. It is perfect in all its parts, 
 
44 
 
 THE FERROTYPERS GUIDE. 
 
 accurate, and guaranteed to work satisfactorily 
 the first time a plate is exposed in it. It has all 
 
 the little contrivances applied to it necessary to 
 make it perfect. 
 
 The following variety is made : 
 
 No. 8. — Gem Box for twelve pictures on a J plate 
 using twelve tubes ; ^ to J sizes reversible, using one 
 tube; and two cards on a J plate using two tubes. 
 
 No. 9. — The same box fitted with twelve tubes. 
 
 No. 10. — The same box fitted with four additional 
 tubes for making four pictures on a J plate. 
 
 No. 11. — For 4, 8, 12, and 16, on a | plate; J to 
 J reversible, and two cards on a ^ plate. 
 
 No. 12. — The above fitted with four Darlot Tubes 
 (see cut above). 
 
 No. 13. — Card Camera-Box for two cards on a J 
 plate using one tube, and ^ to ^ pictures reversible. 
 (The “Chicago Box.^') 
 
 No. 14. — I Card Camera-Box, covered front, for 
 
THE APPARATUS. 
 
 45 
 
 four cards, using four tubes, with side doors for ad- 
 justing the focus. 
 
 No. 15. — 9x11 Card Camera-Box, covered front, 
 for eight cards, using four tubes, with side doors for 
 adjusting the focus; sideway movement. 
 
 No. 16. — I Card Camera-Box for four cards using 
 two tubes; upright movement. 
 
 No. 17. — I Universal Camera-Box for four cards 
 using two tubes, and ^ to | pictures, reversible, using 
 one tube; sideway movement. 
 
 No. 18. — J Universal Camera-Box for four cards 
 using two tubes, and ^ to | pictures, reversible, using 
 one tube ; sideway carriage movement. 
 
 No. 19. — 8 X 10 Universal Camera-Box for four 
 cards, on a | plate using two tubes, and ^ to pic- 
 tures, reversible, using one tube; upright movement. 
 
 No. 20. — 8 X 10 Universal Camera-Box for four 
 cards, on a | plate using two tubes, and J to pic- 
 tures, reversible, using one tube ; side way movement. 
 
 Card Camera-Boxes fitted with the double card 
 attachment, for making two difierent pictures in 
 different positions of the same subject on the same 
 card, charged additional. 
 
 The gem of all Gem Boxes, however, is the 
 American Optical Company’s 8x10 combination 
 multiplying box, which is represented by the 
 double figure on p. 46. One view shows the rear, 
 and the* other the front of the box. Its regula- 
 tion and movements hardly need to be described 
 if the drawings are carefully examined. It is 
 supplied with nine gem tubes ; with sliding move- 
 
46 
 
 THE FERROTYPER 8 GUIDE, 
 
 American Optical Company’s 8x10 Combination Multiplying Camera-Box. 
 
THE APPARATUS. 
 
 47 
 
 ments, vertical and horizontal; with assorted 
 diaphragms, catches, scales, and so ^n, simple 
 in their nature, yet working like an automaton, 
 which^ combined, make one of the most perfect 
 and desirable of boxes. This box is No. 25, and 
 will make eighteen, thirty-six, or seventy-two 
 gems on a 7 X 10 plate ; nine gems on a 5 x 7 plate ; * 
 eight I size cards on a 7x10 plate, using two 1 
 or ^ lenses ; eight cards, using one lens for copy- 
 ing, on a 7x10 plate; four small Imperials or 
 four Victoria cards on a 7x10 plate, using a J 
 lens; two large | size, on a 7x10 plate, using a 
 I lens ; regular work from ^ to 8x10 inclusive. 
 
 When arranged so as to take eight cards with 
 four lenses it requires another diaphragm. 
 
 The holders contain two sets of kits for fer- 
 
48 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 retypes and negatives. The latter with glass 
 corners. < 
 
 The introduction of the beautiful new size 
 called in America ‘‘Victoria,” in Prussia the 
 “Format,” and in Austria the “Elizabeth,” 
 made it necessary to bring forward another box 
 still, to accommodate it. It works a 5 x 7 plate, 
 and makes four cartes de visite, using four ^ tubes, 
 on a 5 X 7 plate ; and by reversing the four lenses 
 it will make eight “ Bon-tons,” on a 5 x 7 plate. 
 It also makes all regular sizes, using four I tubes, 
 from ^ size to Four i lenses only, accom- 
 pany the box. 
 
 The figure on p. 47 represents it. It is a charm- 
 ing piece of apparatus, and works admirably. 
 A novelty we have introduced with it is the 
 catch, which keeps the carriage movement in 
 place when the box is used as a multiplier. It 
 is a great improvement on the old contrivance. 
 
 The front block separates according to the size 
 required. 
 
 The styles are, viz. : 
 
 No. 21. — V^ictoria Card Box, with four J tubes only. 
 
 21a. — New style, using two J size tubes only. 
 
 The Imperial Card or Cabinet box is one of the 
 most useful and acceptable that has been intro- 
 duced, and it has probably done more towards 
 the production of the new imperial or cabinet 
 size of excellent quality than is generally accred- 
 ited to it. The reason of this is, that the manu- 
 
THE APPARATUS. 
 
 49 
 
 facturers have allowed no pains to be spared in 
 their works to make it answer all the require- 
 ments that could be made of it exactly^ and to 
 make it perfect in all its parts. At first sight 
 
 we have seen the photographer stand back as if 
 he thought it was complicated, but, as all quickly 
 find out, it is not so in the least. On the con- 
 trary, its motions are so simple and easy that 
 any one can make it work without trouble. 
 
 The drawing we annex shows it well in all its 
 beautiful proportions. It is provided with the 
 India-rubber bellows, the double swingback, the 
 swinging ground-glass, the patent focussing 
 screw, the metal guides on the platform, the 
 silver-saving bottle, and latest and last, the m- 
 4 
 
60 
 
 THE FERROTYPER's GUIDE. 
 
 proved solid glass corners. The frame which 
 carries the holder has a horizontal carriage- 
 movement, which, with the internal diaphragms 
 provided, enables the operator to make with this 
 box the following sizes and styles : 
 
 Two imperials on an 8 x 10 plate, using a J 
 lens ; two cards on a 4^ x6|^ plate, using a ^ lens ; 
 four cards on a | plate, using two ^ lenses; 
 regular work J to 10 x 12, inclusive. 
 
 The imperial card box is made as follows : 
 
 No. 22. — I Imperial Card Box, Double Swingback. 
 “ 23.-8x10 “ “ “ 
 
 24.— 10 X 12 “ “ “ 
 
 “ 25. — 8 X 10 c/ombination Box, without tubes. 
 
 It makes two imperials on a | plate, using one 
 I lens ; two cards on a 4^ x plate, using one ^ 
 size lens ; four cards on a | plate, using two ^ 
 size lenses ; regular work down to ^ inclusive. 
 
 The American Optical Company’s apparatus 
 is now used in almost every gallery in America. 
 Tlie boxes described are for ferrotypes or photo- 
 graphs. 
 
 CHAPTEE XIII. 
 
 THE SKYLIGHT AND THE DARK-ROOM. 
 
 Without wishing to rob Mr. Elbert Ander- 
 son or his most excellent work of any glory, we 
 
THE SKYLIGHT AND THE DARK-ROOM. 51 
 
 must have a few passing words on the subject of 
 ‘ ‘ The Skylight and the Dark-room . ’ ’ Such elabo- 
 rate and plain instructions are given on this sub- 
 ject by Mr. Anderson and other authors that it 
 will not be necessary for us to repeat their in- 
 structions here. Neither need we touch upon 
 the aesthetics of the art of ferrotyping. Bead 
 carefully the standard works upon these subjects, 
 and they will inform you fully. The same in- 
 structions which apply to photography apply to 
 ferrotypy. 
 
 A quick light is best for ferrotypes, so that the 
 exposure may not be too long ; and^ a diffused 
 rather than a direct light is preferable. 
 
 Many photographers who understand per- 
 fectly well how to make good negatives fail in 
 making ferrotypes, simply because they do not 
 understand what a different illumination the two 
 pictures require. 
 
 A ferrotype requires double the amount of 
 brilliant light that is used for a good negative ; 
 a light that would make a negative to produce 
 soft, brilliant prints, would make a dull smoky 
 ferrotype. 
 
 Another very important point in making fer- 
 rotypes is the time of exposure, and nothing but 
 experience, and a good deal of it too, can teach 
 that one thing, for it is entirely governed by the 
 strength of light. 
 
 When the light is properly arranged we ex- 
 pose the plate eight seconds, but if the day is 
 
62 
 
 THE FEPwROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 cloudy or the light weak more time is required, 
 of course. 
 
 It is very necessary, where there is more than 
 one exposure on a plate, to have the time exactly 
 the same, or they will not develop evenly. 
 
 Three exposures on one plate have been made 
 with this difference in time : three seconds, twenty 
 seconds, and sixty seconds, and had them all de- 
 velop evenl}^, but the light changed very much 
 heavy clouds passing over the sun. 
 
 When pictures are over-exposed, they flash out 
 quickly. If you shorten the development, they 
 will he gray and lack brilliancy. 
 
 If undertimed, they are harsh, with strong 
 contrast, the whites very white, and the blacks 
 very black — no middle tints. 
 
 When properly exposed, they will be round, 
 full of detail in the hair, drapery, and shadows, 
 and the face will be full of modulation. 
 
 It is not possible to tell when the picture is 
 properly exposed, only by watching the develop- 
 ment. If the image comes out immediately after 
 the flowing of your developer, and comes up reg- 
 ular, strong, and vigorous, full of detail, then 
 you have your exposure right. 
 
 When you are working quickly and exposing 
 six or eight seconds, you will notice one-half a 
 second makes a decided difference in your pic- 
 tures ; and the operator must time by counting, 
 and he must learn to count seconds exactly ; 
 then he will have no trouble. 
 
VIGNETTES AND MEl^ALLIONS. 
 
 63 
 
 We believe we have now told quite the whole 
 story, but there are two or three other matters 
 which we must speak about before making our 
 adieu. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 VIGNETTES AND MEDALLIONS. 
 
 Ferrotypes may be vignetted in the camera 
 very readily in two or three ways. The little 
 contrivance described below is exceedingly useful 
 for vignetting in the camera. A drawing will 
 make the matter more plainly understood. 
 
 A represents the camera-box, moved to one 
 
 side of the top of the stand, in order to delineate 
 the other parts more easily. B is a strip of one- 
 
64 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 half inch walnut, of any proper length, with a 
 slot in it nearly the whole length. E is a piece 
 of stiff cardboard, cut to the shape in the draw- 
 ing, and attached to the end of the strip B by 
 the screw-knob D, by means of which it may be 
 turned at any angle desired. The strip B is 
 fastened to one side of the top of the camera- 
 stand by means of another screw-knob at C, on 
 which it is also worked back and forth. It also 
 enables us to control the whole apparatus, and 
 by loosening it we may move it up or down, as 
 shown by the dotted lines. If you wish to pre- 
 vent an abrupt line, work the card E back and 
 forth gently during exposure, by means of the 
 knob D. It will be found to answer perfectly. 
 
 Another plan is one in common use, as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Take a white cardboard, about 18 x 22, cut a 
 half circle in one side of the cardboard, and 
 then cut the circle full of notches like saw-teeth. 
 These teeth should be about one inch to an inch 
 and a quarter long, and should come to a point. 
 When set a proper distance from the model, it 
 will blend off* softly and nicely. With this board 
 nailed on a frame with a wooden rod so you can 
 use the stand of a head-rest to place it in, and 
 by moving the vignette-board up or down, you 
 can get it in the proper position, and can make 
 any size you wish (see cut on p. 55). This card 
 must be turned to the instrument, for if the side 
 
 the frame is exposed on is turned to the instru- 
 
 % \ 
 
VIGNETTES AND MEDALLIONS. 
 
 55 
 
 ment, it would show. If the vignettes are made 
 on a white background, and a white vignette- 
 hoard is used, the cloud 
 and ground will take just 
 the same. Have the vign- 
 ette-board well lighted, or 
 else it will take darker than 
 the ground. The nearer it 
 is to the instrument, the 
 softer it will blend. A little 
 practice will teach any one 
 how to use it. One can tell 
 how to arrange it by looking 
 in the front of the camera. 
 
 As you see your figure and 
 vignette-board in the front 
 lens, so it will be in the pic- 
 ture. It is well to vignette 
 nearly all the cabinet size 
 and whole plates. Make the 
 heads quite large, and they 
 give very good satisfaction. 
 
 To make medallion ferro- 
 types the following plan was 
 given in the Philadelphia Photographer a short 
 time ago. The correspondent who sends it says : 
 I send to you a model of what I call a medal- 
 lion shield, for making medallions in the camera. 
 I have tried it, and it works to perfection. It 
 consists, as you see, of a shape made of a piece 
 of flock background, with a proper oval cut 
 
56 
 
 THE FERROTYPER’s GUIDE. 
 
 therein, and one edge of the opening painted 
 black and tlie other white. It is cut out at the 
 corners, so as to fit over 
 
 a wooden frame as de- 
 scribed below. Now for 
 the way to use it. The 
 shape is tacked on a 
 light frame being bent 
 over at the lines. Next 
 a rod (either wood or 
 iron) is fastened at one 
 corner (the light will 
 determine which), then 
 remove the head-rod 
 from any head-rest — 
 mine is an old Jenny 
 Lind rest~and insert 
 the wooden rod ; as you 
 will see, this can be 
 raised and lowered to 
 suit the height of the 
 sitter. After the sitter 
 is posed, bring up the 
 shield in front (of course 
 the sitter’s feet will be 
 turned to one side), or 
 it may be placed direct- 
 ly over the feet, and 
 place it just as you want it. With a little care 
 it can be made as sharp in the negative as in a 
 medlalion print by the old way, and without 
 
VIGNETTES AND MEDALLIONS. 
 
 57 
 
 interfering with the subject. I am positive it 
 will save one-half of the time to a printer.” 
 
 Another method is used somewhat. Instead 
 of the piece of background described above a 
 large white cardboard, say 30 x 40 inches, is used 
 with a large oval cut in the centre. This oval 
 must be either 18 x 22 or 20 x 24 inches. A frame 
 is made hinged at the top. The card is nailed 
 over the front frame about the average height 
 for a person sitting in a chair. This is placed in 
 front of the sitter so his head will be in the circle ; 
 in fact, the sitter looks as though he was framed ; 
 but the position must be got so as to have the 
 head in the circle proper. To get this, the card 
 is raised or lowered. The medallion ferrotype 
 must be made on a dark background. It takes 
 longer to make a picture in this style than to 
 vignette it. 
 
 We are quite sure that the reader will be able 
 to take up the instructions we have given, and 
 work out the very best results ; and to one and 
 all we give our best wishes for great success. 
 
Scovill Manufacturing Co., 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 Manufacturers of and Dealers in all classes of 
 
 P|«II0EI11PII*-F[«II011K 
 
 SUPPLIES. 
 
 AMERICAN OPTICAL CO.’S APPARATUS, 
 
 Multiplying and Gem Camera.s, the most improved. 
 
 THE CELEBRATED UNION GOODS 
 Cases, Frames, Trays, &c., for Ferrotypes. 
 
 Brass Mats, and Preservers, 
 
 Band and Clasp, and Plain Cases of all sizes and grades. 
 
 TBASrS FERROTYPE COLLODION. 
 
 Varnishes, Gun Cotton, Patent Envelopes, Slips, 
 Tucks, &c., for Ferrotypes, a great variety. 
 
 Agents for PHENIX FBREOTYPE PLATES^ 
 
 Chocolate, Black, Eggshell and Glossy. 
 
 No. 4 Beekman St., New York. 
 
 ( 58 ) 
 
611BAI mmu MNi 
 
 FOR 
 
 AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY’S 
 
 APPAMTOS. 
 
 ^Jotograp|ic p^alerials, 
 
 FEEEOTYPE PLATES, 
 
 CAEDS AND ENVELOPES, 
 
 CAED STOCK, 
 
 ALBUMEN PAPEE, 
 
 FRAMES, 
 
 IN ENDLESS VARIETY, 
 
 Stereoscopes and Views, 
 
 Albums and Chromos. 
 
 ALL THE ABOVE AT NEW YORK PRICES. 
 
 S. T. BLESSING, 
 
 87 Canal New Orleans. 
 
 (59) 
 
GMHON’S 
 
 CUT-OUTS 
 
 Are the very Best that are made, 
 
 And are now without a rival in the market. They are clean cut^ 
 most desirable shapes and sizes, and made of non-actinic paper’ 
 manufactured specially for the purpose. Each package contains 
 
 30 Cut-Outs, or Masks, 
 
 with corresponding Insides, assorted for five differently sized 
 ovals and one arch-top. 
 
 PRICE, ONE DOLLAR PER PACKAGE. 
 
 Sent hy mail on receipt of price. 
 
 Parties wishing special sizes, or large lots of a few sizes, may 
 have them cut to order promptly, by addressing the manufac- , 
 turer. No lot costing less than ^1.00 made at a time. 
 
 ITo Printer should attempt to make Medallion Pictures without them. 
 
 
 RETOUCHINa NEGATIVES; COMPLETELY OBSCURING THE IMPER- 
 FECT BACKGROUNDS OF COPIES; FAULTY SKIES IN LAND- 
 SCAPES ; COATING THE INSIDE OP LENSES, OR CAMERA 
 BOKES; BACKING SOLAR NEGATIVES; COVERING 
 VIGNETTING BOARDS ; 
 
 And for answering all tlie requirements of the intelligent pho- 
 tographer in the production of 
 
 ARTISTIC RESULTS JW PRINTING. 
 
 (CO) 
 
WHEREVER YOU WANT TO 
 
 KEEP OUT LIGHT, 
 
 • CUT-OUTS (30), $1.00. OPAQUE, 50 Cls. 
 
 FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS. 
 
 ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO 
 
 JOHN L. GIHON, Inventor, 
 
 128 NORTH SEVENTH STREET, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 ( 61 ) 
 
F. S. Crowell, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 American Optical Co.’s Appara ' 
 
 |hotojrashit|apOT, ^ 
 
 OAED STOCK, 
 
 GLASS, FERROTYPE MATERIALS, 
 And everything needed by the 
 Photographer. 
 
 */ 
 
 /Picture Frames, 
 
 OF ALL THE 
 
 SAVE FREIGHT 
 FROM 
 
 DISTANT CITIES . 
 
 by / 
 
 BUYING AT , / ^ ' LATEST AND MOST 
 
 SAME / . ^ / DESIRABLE STYLES. 
 
 PRICES 
 NEAR 
 
 MOULDINGS 
 
 HOME. / 
 
 / PRICES AS CAN BE HAD 
 / ANYWHERE. 
 
 / OHIO WILL SAVE MONEY BY 
 
 w BUYING HERE. 
 
 ( 62 ) 
 
 OF ALL KINDS AT AS LOW 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHERS IN CENTRAL 
 
USE WAKELY’S 
 
 &%tdmv 
 
 Collodion, 
 
 AND 
 
 rOK SALE ONLY BY 
 
 G. D. WAKELY, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 KANSAS CITY, MO. 
 
 P. O. Box 2277. 
 
 ( 63 ) 
 
(Established 1860.) 
 
 Henry D. Marks, 
 
 No. 14 State St., Rochester, N. Y., 
 
 ^ .P-ALER IX 
 
 photographic #oods 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 I claim to keep the best assortment of 
 
 PHOTOGRAPH FRAMES 
 
 Regular sizes, to be found in the country. Will send one, or a 
 pair, of as many kinds desired, as samples. A full line of 
 
 CHEMICALS, 
 
 PHENIX PLATES (all sizes), 
 
 HOVEY^S ALBUMEN PAPEPv, 
 
 American Optical Compani’s Apparatus, 
 
 CARD STOCK, 
 
 PICTURE CORD, 
 
 KNOBS, NAILS, 
 
 AND SCREW-EYES. 
 
 Stereoscopes, Silk Velvet Passepartouts, 
 
 Gilt and Velvet Frames, with Easels. 
 
 RUSTIC FRAMES, OVAL FRAMES, SOLID OVAL FRAMES, SQUARE 
 FRAMES, ROMAN MATTS, GOLD BEVEL MATTS, FLOCK BEVEL 
 MATTS, DOUBLE MATTS, LITHOGRAPHED MATTS, ETC. 
 
 Orders filled 'prom'pily and goods packed wHh care. 
 
 (C4) 
 
EDWAED MEAD & 00., 
 
 304 NOBTH FOVJiTH ST., 
 ST. LOUIS, MO,, 
 
 KEEP A FULL LINE OF 
 
 APPAKATUS, CHEMICALS, GLASS, 
 
 FKAMES, PLATES, PAPEK GOODS, 
 
 ALBUMS, SHOW CAKDS, &c., &c., 
 
 And everything pertaining to the art, of first-class qual- 
 ity, and at prices as low as any in the country. 
 
 Orders solicited and Price List sent on application. 
 
 3 THI NGS TO REME MBER. 
 
 The Philadelphia Photographer 
 
 Is the best Magazine you can subscribe for. |5 a year. 
 
 THE SKYLIGHT M THE DARK-ROOM 
 
 Is the best Photographic Text-Book you can buy. It teaches 
 everything you want to know. Price, $4.00. 
 
 PHOTOGEAPHIO MOSAICS, 1873 
 
 Is the best little hand-book of Photography you can get in the 
 World. 144 pages of good hints for 50 cents. 
 
 Please read other advertisements herein. 
 
 Send for list of premiums. 
 
 FOR SAFE BY AEE BEAEERS. 
 
 BENERMAN k WILSON, Photographic Pnblishcrs, 
 
 S. W. cor. 7th and Cherry Sts., Fhilada. 
 
 ( 66 ) 
 
 5 
 
ESTABLISHED 1863. 
 
 WILSON, HOOD & CO. 
 
 822 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa., 
 
 Call the attention of Ferrotypers to the following ; 
 
 WE ALWAYS HAVE IN STOCK THE FOLLOWING 
 
 AMERICAN OPTICAL CO/S GEM BOXES. 
 
 Xo. 11. 
 
 For four, eight, twelve, and sixteen on a ^ plate, 
 
 1-9 to ^ reversible, and two cards on a ^ plate.... $.38 00 
 
 Xo. 12. 
 
 The above fitted with four Darlot tubes $53 00 
 
 No. 21. 
 
 Victoria Card Box, with four ^ Darlot tubes only, 
 “ “ without tubes 
 
 $63 00 
 38 00 - 
 
 No. 21 a. 
 
 New style, using two I size tubes only, without tubes $38 00 
 With two i size Darlot tubes 51 00 
 
 No. 25. 
 
 8x10 American Optical Company’s Multiplying 
 
 Box. — The “Gem” of all Gem Boxes, 
 
 Unfitted (that is without any tubes) $89 50 
 
 Fitted with nine 1-9 Darlot tubes 119 50 
 
 “ “ 1-9 and 2^ Darlot tubes 132 00 
 
 “ “ 1-9 and 4| “ “ 144 50 
 
 THIS BOX WILL MAKE : 
 
 Seventy-two gems on a 7x10 plate. 
 
 Thirty-six “ “ 7x10 “ 
 
 Eighteen “ “ 7x10 “ 
 
 Nine “ “ 5x 7 “ 
 
 Eight size cards on a 7x10 plate, 
 using two 3'^ or lenses. 
 
 Eight cards, using one lens foi 
 copying on a 7x10 plate. 
 
 Four small Imperials or four Vic- 
 toria cards on a 7x10 plate, using 
 a 4-4 lens. 
 
 Two large 4-4 size, on a 7x10 plate, 
 using a 4-4 lens. 
 
 Regular work, from V to 8x10 in- 
 clusive. 
 
 When arranged so as to take eight cards with four lenses, 
 it requires another diaphragm. 
 
 The holders contain two sets of kits for ferrotypes and 
 negatives ; the latter with glass corners. 
 
 ( 06 ) 
 
No. 153. 
 
 New York Gem, complete with four 1-9 Darlot tubes j 
 will make four, eight, and sixteen on a } plate, 
 
 two cards on a ^ plate, 1-9 to ^ reversible $36 00 
 
 Without the four 1-9 tubes, 23 00 
 We can also furnish all their other styles, and the Boston 
 Gem Boxes to order. 
 
 ALSO, WE ALWAYS KEEP FULL STOCK OF THE 
 
 PHENIX PLATE COMPANY’S PLATES. 
 
 1-9, per box $0 80 
 
 1-6, “ 1 25 
 
 1-4, “ 1 85 
 
 1 - 2 , “ 2 20 
 
 4-4, “ 2 40 
 
 10-14, per hundred 14 00 
 
 10-14, per dozen 1 70 
 
 Chocolate Glossy. 
 
 $0 90 
 
 1 35 
 
 2 00 
 
 2 35 
 
 2 70 
 
 15 00 
 
 1 80 
 
 CHAMPION PLATES. 
 
 10 X 14 Eggshell, Black or Chocolate, per box, 
 10x14 Glossy, “ “ “ 
 
 $20 00 
 24 00 
 
 We can furnish anything needed by Photographers 
 and Perrotypers, and will gladly furnish our New 
 Illustrated Price List to all applicants gratis. 
 
 SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 WIL.SOIV’S HEAD RESTS, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 MONOGRAM COLLODIONS, COTTONS, and VARNISHES, 
 
 Which are unsurpassed for Photographs and Ferrotypes. 
 
 SOLE AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR THE 
 
 ROSS AND STEINHEIL LENSES, 
 
 We solicit your orders. 
 
 WILSON, HOOD & CO. 
 
 (67) 
 
PHENIX 
 FERROTYPE PLATES. 
 
 ESeSHELl, ELOSSY, CHOCOLATE-TINTED. 
 
 (PATENTED MARCH 1st, 1870.) 
 
 AL.L. SIZEIS, FROM 1-9 to 10x14. 
 
 USE NONE BUT THE PHENIX. 
 
 The Phenix Plate Company, 
 
 Are DOW making the most popular brands of 
 plates in the trade. 
 
 ( 68 ) 
 
For example of work on them see Trashes Practical 
 Ferrotyj^er. In his comments on the Pictures Mr. 
 Trask says : 
 
 “The largest portion is made on the eggshell, chocolate- 
 tinted plate, manufactured by the Phenix Plate Co., Wor- 
 cester, Mass., and I must compliment them on their success 
 in manufacturing the best eggshell, chocolate-tinted plates 
 I ever used. They have overcome all the objections I have 
 heretofore found, and mentioned on other pages. There are 
 no signs of the black comet. The plates are perfectly clean, 
 the surface is hard, and the collodion flows smoothly, with- 
 out spilling. They also give the picture that rich, warm 
 tone which cannot be had with the black plate. I cannot 
 help congratulating the ferrotype world on the successful 
 manufacture of this valuable plate, as it will create a new 
 era in the ferrotype business, and the Phenix Ferrotype 
 Plate Company are entitled to great credit. I have not 
 spoiled one picture in a whole day's work on account of 
 imperfections in the plate. This is a great saving of time 
 and material.” 
 
 We could not ask a better testimonial than this. 
 
 PHENIX PLATES TEIUMPHANT. 
 
 “ In answer to your inquiry as to the quality of the Phe- 
 nix Plate Company’s Ferrotype Plates, I have to say that 
 in my book, ‘ The Ferrotype and How to Make it,’ I have, 
 in discussing the qualities of the different manufacturers, 
 given the plates of which your are the Selling Agents, the 
 preference, with my reasons therefor. In view of the fact 
 that the book will soon be published, and it is expected will 
 quickly be in the hands of every Ferrotypist in the country, 
 it is unnecessar}' in my opinion that I should repeat the 
 language there used, but instead you will And inclosed an 
 expression of the opinion of my operators, through whose 
 hands all plates pass, as to the quality of -the Phenix Plates, 
 merely adding in proof of the intelligence of the opinion, 
 that we are perfectly familiar with all qualities and manu- 
 facturers of Ferrotype plates.” — E. M. Estabrooke, No. 31 
 Union Square, New York. 
 
 (69) 
 
“ The two thousnnd non-rever?ed Ferrotypes made in this 
 gallery on the Phenix Company’s Chocolate-Tinted, Eggshell 
 Plates, for Mr. Estabrooke’s book on Ferrotypes, were made 
 in three weeks, at the nite of over one hundred a day, in 
 addition to our regular business, and we desire to testify to 
 the excellent quality of the Plates, by stating as a fact that 
 of the five hundred plates coated and exposed, notone plate 
 was lost from defective surface. On examination of the 
 pictures, it will be seen from the brilliancy of theijr tone, 
 how little the collodion affected the varnished surface, which 
 received the collodion freely, showing that the hardening of 
 the . surface had been carried to the point of perfection, thus 
 insuring hardness with suflBcient elasticity to prevent crack- 
 ing.” — Frank Bacon, Trincipa I Operator. W. Heighway, 
 Assistant Operator. 
 
 Mr. Estabrooke’s Manual referee! to above is a very 
 comprehensive and well- written book, published by 
 Gatchell & Hyatt, Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Louis- 
 ville. 
 
 PER BOX. 
 
 SIZES. 
 
 EGGSHELL. 
 
 GLOSSY. 
 
 1-9 
 
 1-6 
 
 1-4 
 
 4Jx6J 
 
 $0 80 
 1 25 
 1 85 
 
 1 85 
 
 2 20 
 2 20 
 2 40 
 2 40 
 2 70 
 2 70 
 
 $0 90 
 
 1 35 
 
 2 00 
 2 00 
 2 35 
 2 35 
 2 70 
 2 70 
 2 90 
 2 90 
 
 1-2 
 
 4Jxl0 
 
 4-4 
 
 5x7 
 
 7x10 
 
 8x10 
 
 10x14 
 
 Per Sheet. 
 
 14 
 
 Per Sheet. 
 
 15 
 
 ( 70 ) 
 
Eisliell, dlossy, M Chocolate-Tinted Plates, 
 
 ALL SIZES AND STYLES, 
 
 ALWAYS ON HAND AND READY FOR DELIVERY. 
 
 Each package of Pbenix Plates has printed 
 on the wrapper, ^^Manufactm^ed by the 
 Fhenix Plate Company ^ Worcester^ 
 3Iass.^^^ and none are genuine unless bear- 
 ing that stamp. 
 
 We have made arrangements with the 
 Scovill Manufacturmg Co.^ constituting them 
 our sole and exclusive agents for the sale of 
 our Plates. That company is so well and 
 favorably known in the business, that no 
 commendation of ours is required to assure 
 the Trade that they will be liberally dealt 
 with in every respect. 
 
 JPhenix Plates are for sale by all Stock- 
 dealers throughout the country* 
 
 PHENIX PLATE 00., Manufacturers. 
 
 SCOVILL MANUFACTURING CO., 
 
 AGENTS FOR THE TRADE, 
 
 No* 4 Beckman St*, New York* 
 
 (D) 
 
TEXAS PHOTOGRAPHER’S FORNISHING BOUSE, 
 
 BLESSING & BRO., 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC STOCKDTALTRS, 
 
 No. 174 TREMONT ST., 
 
 GALVESTON, TEXAS, 
 
 KEEP A FULL LINE OF 
 
 AM. OPTICAL CO.’S APPAEATUS, 
 CHEMICALS, GLASS, 
 
 UNION GOODS, PEAMES, 
 
 PHENIX PLATES, 
 
 PAPEE GOODS, ALBUMS, 
 STEEEOSCOPES, 
 
 SHOW CAEDS, &c., 
 
 And everything pertaining to the Art, of first-class 
 quality, and at prices as low as any in the country. 
 
 Orders solicited, and Price List sent 
 on application. 
 
 (72) 
 
GEO. R. URBll 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC 
 
 GOODS, 
 
 PICTURE FRAMES, 
 MOULDINGS, 
 ARTIST’S MATERIALS, 
 CHROMOS, 
 
 129 Jefferson Ave., 
 
 DETROIT. 
 
 ( 73 ) 
 
P. B. BRADLEY, 
 
 MANUFACTURKR OF 
 
 'picture l^rames and |llBoiildings 
 
 Aod (be best CARVED RUSTIC FRAMES in Market, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 French Glass, Picture Nails, Cord, & c \, 
 
 STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC VIEWS, 
 
 Velvet Passepartouts, Velvet. Walnut, and Gold 
 Inlaid Frames, Oval and Square, at 
 Wholesale and Retail. 
 
 118 FRONT ST., ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
 
 Near N. Y. Central R. K. Depot. 
 
 I am making a specialty of getting up New Patterns 
 and Designs of SQUARE WALNUT AND GILT FRAMES 
 for the PHOTOGRAPHIC TRADE, and sell at Prices 
 which DEFY COMPETITION. Sample Orders on appli- 
 cation, and Special Terms to those who refer to this notice. 
 
 American Optical Co.’s Apparatus, 
 
 A. M. Collins, Son & Co.’s Card Stock. 
 
 &c., &c., &c. 
 
 P. B. BRADLEY. 
 
 (74) 
 
lElROTYFER’S 
 
 Paradise 
 
 THE "BREAT CENTRAL" 
 
 C ^ S HE 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC 
 
 GHAS. W. STEVENS, 
 
 inn STATE STREET, 
 
 1 JO CHICAGO. 
 
 The largest and most complete stock of Ferro- 
 type specialties to be found in any house in the trade. 
 See my other pages in this book. 
 
 ( 75 ) 
 
WM. B. HOLMES & CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 WAMEIIOUSE, 
 
 644 & 646 BEOADWAT, OOK BLBEOKEE ST., 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 MORRISON’S LANDSCAPE LENSES, 
 
 SOLP: importers of the imperial DRESDEN ALBUMEN PAPER, 
 AND THE BRILLIANT DOUBLE ALBUMEN PAPER. 
 
 A LAnaE ASSOETMENT OF OVAL AND SaUAEE PHOTOGEAFE FLAMES. 
 
 DEPOT B'OR THE 
 
 Phenix and Champion Ferrotype Plates, American Optical 
 Company’s Apparatus, Bendann Background Negatives, Photo- 
 graphic Chairs, Card Stock, Stereoscopes, and Stereoscopic Views, 
 Reliably Pure Chemicals, and every useful and practical requisite 
 used in the business. 
 
 Our extensive facilities enable us to meet promptly all the re- 
 quirements of the art, and all orders, however varied, executed 
 with accuracy and dispatch. 
 
 Address, 
 
 WM. B. HOLMES & CO.. 
 
 644 & 646 Broadway, New York. 
 
 (76) 
 
ANDREW H. BALDWIN, 
 
 ^ holographic Materials, 
 
 No. 1 CHAMBERS ST., 
 
 Cor. of Ghalham k Duane Sis., New York. 
 
 Photographers who want the best materials, and exactly as they order 
 them, will be supplied promptly, and at the lowest possible prices, by 
 sending to me. My expenses are less than those of any other dealer, 
 and this accounts for my prices being so low. Send for a Price List. My 
 motto is the ** nimble sixpence,” &c. 
 
 P. S.— Some of my customers have asked : “Are you the same ‘ Bald- 
 win ’ who used to fill my ordem so accurately and^promptly while with 
 Holmes, Booth & Hayden, and afterwards with the Willards & Thayer?” 
 I answer, Yes, and I am happy to state that my new' adventure, February 
 Ist, 1872, has been far from a failure ; but, on the contrary, has resulted 
 in a constantly increasing trade, and I wish to tender my thanks to 
 those who l ave so liberally given me their continued patronage. 
 
 I invite all to give me one trial, feeling sure it will not be the last, for 
 it is my wish and determination to deal honorably, and strive to give 
 satisfaction to every one. All orders filled by myself alone, and no mis- 
 takes made. 
 
 Any kind of Photographic Goods, from any manufacturer or dealer, 
 furnished at the manufacturer’s prices, and, in many instances, at even 
 less prices. 
 
 Strangers ordering goods C. O. D., are expected to send about 20 per 
 cent, of the amount in advance. This is to insure good faith. Distant 
 customers can have their goods sent by freight, w'hich is much cheaper 
 than express, if they wdll send with the order the amount they wish to 
 invest. Card Stock, Envelopes, Paper, &c., can be sent by mail on re- 
 ceipt of the amount and postage, at the rate of two eents for every four 
 ounces. 
 
 Tour special attention is called to the new low-priced Portrait Lenses, 
 called “ Peerless Quick Acting,” imported by Scovill Manufacturing 
 Co. Thev have been tested both in this country and in Europe, and 
 found to be fully equal, if not superior, to those bearing higher prices. 
 By using these lenses the artist of small capital may be able to compete 
 with his more fortunate neighbor of larger means. 
 
 I also furnish the “Dallmeyer,” the new “C. F. Usener.” or any other 
 kind of Portrait or View Lenses called for, and if requested will send, 
 C. O. D., on trial a week or ten days. 
 
 For View Lenses 1 would recommend “Morrison’s,” made in New 
 York, and our remarks about the the quality of the “Peerless” Lenses 
 will apply to them. 
 
 I h^e been known to the photographic public more or less for about 
 15 vears. I like this branch of business, and expect to follow it as long 
 as 1 live, partly because it pays, and partly because I have the satisfac- 
 tion of pleasing my customers. Yours, truly, 
 
 ANDREW H. BALDWIN, 
 
 No. I Chambers St., cor. of Chatham & Duane, New York. 
 
2506 
 
 Photographers 
 
 PATRONIZE THE 
 
 “GREAT CENTRAL” 
 
 CASH 
 
 Photographic; 
 
 Worehomao 
 
 CHAS. W. STEVENS, 
 
 No. 158 STATE ST. 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 \ 
 
 Because their orders are filled promptly, with the 
 BEST GOODS and for the least money. 
 
 See my other imyes in this hook, 
 
WAYMOUTH’S 
 
 VIGNETTING PAPERS. 
 
 (DESIGNS COPYRIGHTED.) 
 
 Practically Test the Samples given ivith 
 Phila. Photographer^ May^ 1S7S. 
 
 The most artistic of all pictures is the Vignette, when properly 
 printed. But the clumsy devices generally in use for printing 
 them, or rather for blending the shading about the figure, produce 
 but very few really artistic vignette pictures. Either the shading 
 is too intensely dark, not gradated in tint at all, or it shows an 
 ugly direct, decided line, which is very repulsive. The shading 
 should be gradual from the dark tint nearest to the figure, blend- 
 ing gradually off into the white back-ground. The results are 
 then soft, artistic, and beautiful. The easiest and best way to secure 
 them is by the use of WAYMOUTH’S VIGNETTE PAPERS. They 
 
 ARE NOT CLUMSY ; DO NOT BREAK ; ARE ALWAYS READY ; COST 
 BUT LITTLE ; and are easy of application to any negative. 
 
 Fifteen sizes are now made, suiting all dimensions of pictures 
 from a small carte figure to Whole-size, Victorias, Cabinets, <^c. 
 Larger sizes will be introduced presently, if demanded. They are 
 printed in black for ordinary negatives, yellow bronze for thin 
 negatives, and red bronze for still weaker ones. Directions for use 
 accompany each parcel. 
 
 TESTIMO N I ALS: 
 
 “ I enclose you an example of a new Vignetting Mask sent to me by 
 Mr. Waymouth, one of my correspondents. Being composed of trans“- 
 parent paper their is no risk of breakage, and it readily admits of the 
 gradation already very good, being modified easily to suit the negative. 
 This, I take it, is a point of great importance. The great defect of vig- 
 netting glasses is the regular, formal, uniform effect of vignetting pro- 
 duced by them, unless the printer take great pains to avoid it; and as 
 no two negatives, as a rule, require precisely the same form and grada- 
 tion in vignetting anything tending to produce one uniform style is 
 bad. This lithographed mask on transmarent paper will, I think, be 
 found a useful adjunct in vignetting.” — G. Wharton Simpson, M.A ., F.S. A. 
 November World, 1872. 
 
 ( 79 ) 
 
“ Mr. Waymouth appears to be actively employed in developing the 
 full capabilities of his Vignetting I’apers. We have received from him 
 some samples showing a further extension of the system, bronze powder 
 entering into the composition of the opaque portions, and securing a more 
 delicate gradation between the lucent centre and the opaque edges.” — 
 British Journal of Photography, January .31st, 1873. 
 
 '"Flexible Vignetting Masks.— Vfe have already called the attention to 
 the Paper Vignetting Masks introduced by Mr. Waymouth, of Nailsea, 
 near Bristol. From a trial made, we are enabled to say that they answer 
 exceedingly well ; and they are certain to find favor among photographers 
 — a favor they well deserve. Mr. Waymouth iivforms us that since our 
 first notice of them, a few week’s since, no fewer than eleven hundred 
 have been sent out. This is well.” — British Journal of Photography, Nov. 
 
 m, 1872. 
 
 ‘‘I can testify to the exquisite softness obtained from your Vignette 
 Papers, which gradual and soft effect I have never seen equalled by any 
 other method.”— Jf. A. II. Daniel, Esq., Hon. Sec. of the Bristol and Clifton 
 Arnateur Photographic Association. 
 
 “At a meeting of the Bristol and Clifton Amateur Photographic Asso- 
 ciation, held at the Bristol Museum, on the 16th of October, Mr. Daniel 
 read some notes on Vignette Printing, &c., and laid the new Vignette 
 Papers berore the meeting, and highly recommended them, as being 
 cheap, simple, and effective, giving beautifully soft vignettes.” 
 
 From Professional Photographers. — “First-class.” “The samples sent 
 answer perfectly.” “I consider them first rate articles.” “I think 
 your Vignette Papers will be a great improvement on the old glasses.” &c. 
 
 
 In parcels containing one of each size, fif- 
 teen, assorted colors 81 00 
 
 Assorte<l sizes and colors, by number, per pack- 
 age of fifteen 1 00 
 
 Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, assorted sizes and colors, for 
 
 Cartes, by number, per dozen 50 
 
 Nos 6, 7, 11, 12, and 13, assorted sizes and colors, 
 
 for Large Cartes and Victorias, by number, per doz... 75 
 Nos. 8, 9, 10, 14, and 15, assorted sizes and colors, 
 
 for Cabinets and Whole-size, by number, per dozen... 1 00 
 
 When ordering, state the number and color you want. The 
 Waymouth Vignette Papers are an English invention, and are 
 becoming so universally used in Europe that we have pleasure in 
 introducing them to our patrons. 
 
 & wiESO.\, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS, 
 
 Seventh and Cherry Sts,, Philada. 
 
 For Sale by all l^ealers. 
 
 ( 80 ) 
 
PHOTOGRAPHERS OF THE SOUTH WHO WISH TO SAVE TIME, 
 FREIGHT, AND MONEY, SHOULD BUY THEIR GOODS AT 
 
 WARNER’S 
 
 MOME, GEOMG-IA. 
 
 A FULL LINE OF 
 
 American Optical Company’s 
 Apparatus, 
 
 PUKE CHEMICALS, 
 
 COLLINS’ CAKD STOCK, 
 
 PHENIX FEKKOTYPE PLATES, 
 
 KNELL’S CHAIKS, 
 
 OYAL AND SQUARE FRAMES, 
 
 BACKING AND GLASS, &c. 
 
 Alliis, Stereoscopes, aii Tieis. 
 
 Best goods at lowest prices. Send your orders to 
 
 C. J. WARNER, 
 
 ROME, GEO. 
 
 6 
 
 ( 81 ) 
 
1 S *7 3 
 
 BENERMAN & WILSON’S 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC POBLICATIOHS. 
 
 The rapid progress which has been made in our art 
 of late makes it compulsory on the part of the photog- 
 rapher who would excel, or even keep pace with it, to 
 read and study more than he has ever done. 
 
 We are enabled to olfer you for your instruction, such 
 a catalogue of publications this year as has never been 
 offered to the world before. It embraces full infor- 
 mation from the most competent sources upon every 
 branch of your vocation, and you cannot invest money 
 that will return you more largely and quickly than 
 what you invest in a selection of works from the fol- 
 lowing 
 
 C^T^LOa-TJE. 
 
 A — The Philadelphia Photographer, the oldest, best, and most 
 X>opular Phofograpliic Magazine in America. It is the photog- 
 rapher’s true and tried advocate, and has done more to elevate 
 photography, and worked harder to put money into the pockets 
 of its patrons than any magazine of the art was ever known to 
 do. It is the old favorite, just now entering its tenth year. The 
 best authorities in the world are paid to w'rite for it ; the most 
 practiced operators in America contribute to its pages, and a ho§t 
 of generous photographers continually send it all the useful hints 
 they discover. No money, labor, or time is spared to make it all 
 that a photographic journal should be. Each number is embel- 
 lished by a fine specimen of photography, intended to set up 
 before the fraternity examples worthy of imitation. This maga- 
 zine is invaluable, and you cannot afford to do without it. You act- 
 ually lose money if you do not have it, as could be proven by a 
 thousand letters if there was space for them. Subscription price, 
 ^5 a year, $2.50 for six months, in advance. Specimen copies, 50 
 cents. 
 
 B— The Skylight and the Dark-Room. By Elbert Ander- 
 son, operator at Kurtz’s studio. New York. This is the most 
 beautiful and elaborate work on the art ever published It was 
 issued November 1st. It contains nearly 250 pages — large, square 
 — twelve photographs made by the author to illustrate the lessons 
 
 ( 82 ) 
 
of the work, and almost two hundred fine wood-cuts. Th^au- 
 thor gives more information in a concise shape than any or his 
 predecessors, and being a practical operator, gaining his daily bread 
 under the skylight and in the dark-room, he tells his story in such 
 a way as to make it most plain to the beginner, as -well as most 
 valuable to the more practiced. It is a magnificent work, and as 
 good and useful as it is magnificent. Author and publisher have 
 been nearly a year at work on it, and may be proud of the re- 
 sult. Read the content* in other advertisements. Price, in cloth, 
 gilt, post-paid, S4. 
 
 C — Photographic Mosaicsi The 1873 edition excels all of its 
 seven older brethren. The list of articles is made up of original 
 contributions, written especially for its pages, on all departments 
 of the art, wholly by practical men who are only heard from 
 once a year through the persuasion of the editor, in this way. 
 
 The poser, the dark-room man, the printer, the toner, the pain- 
 ter, the landscapist, the retoucher, the glass-cleaner, the business 
 photographer, and the amateur, will find much in Mosaics of 
 value to them this year. 144 pages as usual, paper cover, 50 cents. 
 Cloth, ^1. A few copies of former editions, from 1866, at same price. 
 
 I> — The Ferrotyper’s G-nidei Kill not the Ferrotype but im- 
 prove it, is the advice now given by those w ho formerly opposed 
 its introduction. And to aid in this work of improvement we 
 recommend you to follow the good counsel given in The Fer- 
 rotyper’s Guide, a new book just issued. 
 
 The author is a well knowm Ferrotyper, and also an excellent 
 Photographer. His work contains much useful instruction, 
 which will be of benefit to every man w ho dips a plate, glass or 
 iron. 5000 copies were sold before the book was out of press. 
 
 An elegant reversed Ferrotype of card size, made by Estabrooke, 
 New York, accompanies each book. 
 
 Its mission is not to tell but to teach everything necessary 
 to enable even a novice to make good ferrotypes, and to get better 
 prices. Price, paper cover, 75 cents. 
 
 E— Bigelow’s Album of Lighting and Posing. This is not ex- 
 actly a book, but a collection of 24 large Victoria-size photogra- 
 phic studies in lighting and posing, made especially to teach how’ 
 to light and pose ordinary and extraordinary subjects in all the 
 plain, fancy, “Rembrandt” and “Shadow” styles. It is accom- 
 panied by an explanatory key of instructions, together with a 
 diagram for each picture, showing how the sitter and the camera 
 were placed in the skylight, their relation to the background, and 
 what blinds were opened and closed at the time of the sitting. It 
 almost supplies a rule by which you can quickly tell how to 
 manage every subject that comes to you. 
 
 “It is one of the most valuable aids to art education which has yet 
 been presented to the photo, portraitist. Each print represents a dis- 
 tinct study of pose and lighting, the widest variety of effects being com- 
 prehended. We should be glad to see it in the hands of English por- 
 traitists generally.’’— P^ofo. News. 
 
 “ Tht method is an admirable one, and Mr. Bigelow deserves credit for 
 the systematic way in which he has c&ined ii oat.”— British Journal of 
 Photography. 
 
 ( 83 ) 
 
“I confess that this work has furnished me much instruction, par- 
 ticularly the manner in which, by word and picture, studies about light 
 and pose, are explained and made comprehensible.”— Z)r. Vogel. 
 
 “ We do not know of anything ourselves that has been presented to 
 the trade which is calculated to do so much real good as Bigelow’s Al- 
 bum, with the explanatory key to the studies. It is an invaluable guide 
 to the portraitist.”— i*^iZadcip?ua Fhotographer. 
 
 A large lot sent to England was sold in a week, and more de- 
 manded at once. Orders from Germany for a large lot just re- 
 ceived. The studies are mounted on folding leaves, so that twelve 
 can be examined at once. Price in cloth, gilt, S6, post-paid. 
 
 F^Wilson’s Landscape Stndiesi An album of landscape stud- 
 ies in style similar to Bigelow’s Album, containing ten 5x8 
 views, with the formula, &c., by George Washington Wilson, 
 Esq., the renowned Scotch landscape photographer. A splendid 
 work. In cloth, gilt, 
 
 O— Dr. Vogel’s Handbook of the Practice and Art of Photog- 
 raphy. Treats on all matters of photographic practice in every 
 department. Decidedly a most practical and useful photographic 
 work by a popular German author. Full of illustrations, and has 
 four photographs showing the various methods of lighting the 
 face. Edition nearly exhausted. Price, :J3.50, postpaid. 
 
 H— How to Paint Photographs in Water Colors. A practical 
 Handbook designed especially for the use of students and pho- 
 tographers, containing directions for Brush Work in all descrip- 
 tions of Photo-Portraiture, Oil, W ater Colors, Ink, &c. By George 
 B. Ayres, Artist. Third Edition. Differing largely from previous 
 editions. Price, t‘2.00. The new chapter on Retouching Negatives^ 
 contributed by the distinguished artist-photographer, Mr. Wil- 
 liam Kurtz, of New York, is a conspicuous feature of this edition ; 
 and is needed by every photographer who desires to accomplish 
 this beautiful process. It is alone worth the price of the book. 
 
 The author says : “ There is no good reason why every photogra- 
 pher should not become somewhat qualified to do an* amount of 
 his ordinary coloring, and by study and practice, a considerable 
 portion.” He is right. Try. 
 
 I— Pictorial Effect in Pbotography, By H. P. Robinson, Lon- 
 don. English edition. A splendidly illustrated work, teaching 
 how to pose and light the subject, the rules of composition, &c., 
 &c. Handsomely bound in cloth, $^3.50. No land.'^cape or portrait 
 photographer can read it without improvement. 
 
 J— How to Sit for Yonr Photograph. This is a fine little work 
 of 48 pages, written by the wife of a celebrated New York pho- 
 tographer, for the purpose of educating the public on the all-im- 
 portant subject of sitting for a picture, and to assist the photog- 
 rapher in securing the best possible results. Practical, yet spicy 
 and amusing in style. It is bound in cloth at 60 cents per copy, 
 and paper cover, 30 cent«, retail. Sample copies sent free of post- 
 age to any address on receipt of price. 
 
 (84) 
 
K— Lookont Landscape Photograpliy, By the late Prof. R. M. 
 Linn, Lookout Mountain, Tenn. A pocket manual for the out- 
 door worker, and full of good for em'j' photographer. 75 cents. 
 Be sure to get it. 
 
 I-— Himes’ Leaf Prints; or, Glimpses at Photography. By 
 Prof. Charles F. Himes, Ph.D. Full of useful information for 
 the photographic printer. Illustrated with a whole-size photo- 
 graph. Cloth, $1.25. t 
 
 The American Carbon Manual. By Edw. L. Wilson. A 
 complete manual of the Carbon process from beginning to end. 
 With a fine example by the process. Cloth, $2.00. 
 
 N— Ayres’ Chart of Photographic Drapery. This is a photo- 
 graph of forty-two pieces of cloth, of all the colors and shades, 
 handsomely mounted on a card. It should be hung up in every 
 reception-room, to show your customers what color dresses to 
 wear, and to show you what sort of backgrounds and accessories 
 to use. Price, $2.00. 
 
 O— “The Photographer to his Patrons.’’ A splendid little 
 twelve-page leaflet, which answers all vexatious questions put to 
 you by your sitters, and serves as a grand advertising medium. 
 It is for photographers to give away to their customers. Send for 
 a copy and an illustrated circular. Over 500,000 already sold and 
 in use all over the country. $20.00 for 1000, $35.00 for 2000, and 
 so on. Printed and supplied in English, German, and Spanish. 
 
 P — Pretty Faces. A leaflet much smaller than “ The Photogra- 
 pher to hu Patrom^'^ for the same purpose, but costing less. viz. : 
 1000 copies, $10; 2000, $17.50, and larger orders at less rates. 
 
 <1— The Year-Book of Photography. By G. Wharton Simp- 
 son. English edition. Similar to Mosaics, and full of good, 
 short, practical articles. 50 cents. 1869, 1870^ 1871, 1872, and 1873 
 now on hand. 
 
 R— Elbert Anderson’s Photo-Comic Allmyknack for 1873. 
 Being a complete Almanac, full of witty sayings, jokes, puns, 
 stories, etc., etc. Profusely illustrated with comic and original 
 sketches, yet all interspersed with much practical matter of value 
 to every photographer. Issued May, 1873. Price, 75 cents. 
 
 To save writing, photographers may order the 
 above of us by the marginal letters, thus: “Please 
 send us one copy of each, book A, B, K,” &c., &c. 
 Any of the above sent post free on receipt of price by 
 
 BENERMAN & WILSON, Photo. Publishers, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 ( 85 ) 
 
HAWORTH & McCOLLIN, 
 
 IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS, AND DEALERS IN 
 
 AND SUPERIOR 
 
 FERROTYPE PLATES, 
 
 No. 624 ARCH ST., 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 
 
AMERICAN OPTICAL CO.’S 
 
 OR 
 
 FERROTYPE BOXES. 
 
 STANDARD QUALITY. 
 
 The standard Camera Boxes are 
 usually fitted with first-qu.ality compo- 
 sition corners, but as some, of our cus- 
 tomers have expressed a desire to have 
 glass corners in this quality of boxes, 
 we will fit all of the holders with kits 
 containing Lewis’s patent glass corners 
 (see cut) at 10 per cent, advance on the 
 following prices, when so ordered. 
 
 GEM BOXES.— Standard quality. 
 
 No. 53 . — New York Gem, complete with four 1-9 Dar- 
 
 lot tubes; will make 4, 8, and 16, on a 1-4 plate, 
 
 two cards on a 1-2 plate, 1-9 to 1-2 reversible $36 00 
 
 Without the four 1-9 tubes 23 00 
 
 No. 154. — 1 -4 size Gem Boxes with four Darlot tubes 
 complete; will make four pictures on IT 1-4 plate, 
 
 and 1-9 to 1-4 reversible 28 00 
 
 Without the four 1-9 tubes 15 00 
 
 No. 155. — 1-2 size Gem Boxes, with six Darlot tubes ; 
 will make six pictures on a 1-2 plate, and 1-9 to 
 
 1-2 reversible 38 00 
 
 Without the six 1-9 tubes 18 00 
 
 No. 156. — 4-4 Gem Box with twelve Darlot tubes; 
 will make twelve pictures on a 4-4 plate, and 1-6 to 
 
 6^ X 8^ reversible 67 50 
 
 Without the twelve 1-9 tubes 24 50 
 
 No. 157. — 4-4 size Gem Box with four 1-4 tubes ; will 
 make four pictures on a 6^x8^ plate, and regular 
 
 work 1-6 to 4-4 54 50 
 
 Without the four 1-4 tubes 24 50 
 
 ( 87 ) 
 
FERROTYPE CAMERA BOXES. 
 
 STANDARD QUALITY. 
 
 No. 160. — 1-4 size box and holders for four pictures 
 
 on a 1-4 plate $12 00 
 
 The same fitted with four 1-9 Darlot tubes 27 00 
 
 No. 16 1 . — 1 -2 size box and holders for six pictures on 
 
 a 1-2 plate 13 00 
 
 The same fitted with six 1-9 Darlot tubes 36 00 
 
 No. 162. — 5 X 7 box and holders for nine pictures on 
 
 a 5 X 7 plate 19 00 
 
 With nine 1-9 Darlot tubes 51 00 
 
 No. 163. — 5 X 7 box and holder for four pictures on a 
 
 5x7 plate 19 00 
 
 With four 1-4 Darlot tubes.... 45 00 
 
 No. 164. — 1-4 box and holders for sixteen pictures on 
 
 a 1-4 plate with tubes complete 48 00 
 
 Ten per cent, advance with the old style (Lewis’s patent) 
 glass corners in the holders. 
 
 CAMERA BOXES.— Extra quality. 
 
 The following Camera Boxes are 
 manufactured from the best ma- 
 hogany or black walnut, French 
 polished, with India rubber bel- 
 lows^ solid or folding platform, 
 with patent brass guides, and fine 
 focusing screw, with which the 
 focus is drawn upon the largest 
 boxes with the same facility and 
 accuracy as upon the smaller ones, 
 and all holders fitted with the nevj patent glass corners, with- 
 out extra charge. (See cut.) 
 
 THE i\EW VICTORIA BOXES. 
 
 The Victoria Box works a 5 x 7 plate, and may be used 
 to make two Victoria cards, using one tube, on a 5x7 plate ; 
 four cartes de visite, using four 1-4 tubes, on a 5x7 plate ; 
 and by reversing the four lenses it will make eight “ bon 
 tons,’’ on a 5x7 plate. It also makes all regular sizes, from 
 1-6 size to 1-4, using four 1-4 tubes. 
 
 THE STYLES ARE, VIZ. : 
 
 No. 21. — Victoria Card Box with four 1-4 tubes only... $63 00 
 
 Without tubes 38 00 
 
 No. 2la . — New style, with two 1-4 tubes only 51 00 
 
 Without tubes 38 00 
 
 ( 88 ) 
 
OEM, CARD, A]¥0 IJ]¥IVERSAE 
 CAMERA BOXES. 
 
 No. 8. — Gem, for 12 pictures on a 1-4 plate, using 
 twelve tubes ; 1-9 to 1-2 sizes reversible, using one 
 tube ; and two cards on a 1-2 plate, using 2 tubes. ..$28 00 
 
 No. 9. — The same fitted with twelve tubes 63 00 
 
 No. 10. — The same box fitted with four additional 
 
 tubes for making four pictures on a 1-4 plate 78 00 
 
 No. 11. — For four, eight, twelve, and sixteen, on a 1-4 
 plate; 1-9 to 1-2 reversible, and two cards on a 
 
 1-2 plate 38 00 
 
 No. 12. — The above fitted with four Darlot tubes 53 00 
 
 COMBIXATIOX MIJETIPEYIXG 
 CAMERA BOX. 
 
 The Box of all Boxes. — Ne plus ultra. 
 
 No. 25. — 8x10. Prices below. This Box will make 
 
 72 gems on a 7x 10 plate. 1 18 gems on a 7x10 plate. 
 
 36 “ 7x10 “ 1 9 “ “ 5x7 “ 
 
 Eight 1-4 size cards on a 7 x 10 plate, using two 1-4 or 1-3 
 lenses. 
 
 Eight cards, using one lens for copying, on a 7 x 10 plate. 
 
 Four small imperials or four Victoria cards on a 7x10 
 plate, using a 4-4 lens. 
 
 Two large 4-4 size, on a 7 x 10 plate, using a 4-4 lens. 
 
 Regular work from 1-4 to 8x10 inclusive. 
 
 When arranged so as to take eight cards with four lenses, 
 it requires another diaphragm. 
 
 Holders contain two sets of kits for ferrotypes and nega- 
 tives. The latter with glass corners. 
 
 Unfitted (that is without any tubes) $89 50 
 
 Fitted with nine 1-9 Darlot tubes 119 50 
 
 “ “ “ and 2^ tubes 131 50 
 
 “ “ “ and 4J^ “ “ 144 50 
 
 All carriage movements are supplied with the new patent 
 ivory roller. 
 
 For sate by all dealers. 
 
 SCOVILL lANUFACTURlNG CO., Manufacturers, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 ( 89 ) 
 
COLLODION. 
 
 Photographers and Ferrotypers M’anting the best Collodion 
 manufactured, will use nothing but the “Unrivaled,” which is 
 made and sold only at the “GREAT CENTRAL.” The “Un- 
 rivaled” Negative, and Rembrandt Collodion is unsur- 
 passed, and I ask only a trial to convince you of its excellence. 
 
 Ferrotypers — use my 
 
 UNRIVALED GEM COLLODION, 
 
 It will suit you, and once in your “ Dark-Room ” you will buy 
 no other made. 
 
 UNRIVALED VIEW piAT T nT^TnAT 
 UNRIVALED QUICK IjUJUijUiJiUlN . 
 
 “ Great Central.” COLLODION “Great Central.” 
 
 . “tat Central.” YliltlllSIl. 
 
 CHAS. W. STEVENS’ BRILLIANT VARNISH, 
 
 For Negatives and Ferrotypes — the best in use. 
 
 the 
 
 “Great Central 
 
 .4LBUKN PAPER.. 
 
 THE 
 
 Great Central.” 
 
 Chas. W. Stevens’ “ Geneva” Albumen, Rives and Saxe, Pink 
 and White; without an equal for brilliant results and ease of 
 working. 
 
 PUKE LIQUID CHLORIDE OF GOLD, 
 
 AND 0. W. S. GUN COTTON. 
 
 Nothing better, and if you use them you will buy no other. 
 Pure Chemicals a Specialty with the “Great Central.” 
 Full weight guaranteed. 
 
 The above Proprietary Goods sold only by 
 
 CHAS. W. STEVENS, 
 
 158 STATE ST., CHICAGO. 
 
 See my other advertisements in this book. 
 ( 90 ) 
 
CHAS. W. STEVENS, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC MERCHANBISE, 
 
 SPECIALTIES AND NOVELTIES, 
 
 158 State St., Chicago. 
 
 GJLA8S, 
 
 IMPORTER OF 
 
 Camera ®uks, 
 
 All Camera Tubes warranted. 
 Send for Descriptive List. 
 
 AMERICAN OPTICAL CO.’S 
 
 All grades and sizes constant- 
 ly in stock. Send for descrip- 
 tive List of Apparatus. 
 
 CHAS. W. STEVENS’ 
 
 NKW 
 
 Improved Sliding-Back 
 
 AND SIDE-ARM 
 
 POSITION CHAIR, 
 
 Latest and best Chair intro- 
 duced. Send for a Descriptive 
 Circular and Prices. 
 
 CHAS. W. STEVENS’ 
 
 BABY CHAIR 
 
 Send for Descriptive Circular. 
 
 I import the best brands of Eng- 
 lish and French 
 
 NEGATIVE and PICTURE CLASS 
 
 And will sell at lowest prices. 
 
 I import English Hypo. Soda, 
 and deal in 
 
 PURE CHEMICALS, 
 
 prepared exclusively for Photo- 
 graphic purposes. 
 
 I import the best 
 
 fisljes, 
 
 New lot just in. 
 
 OVAL AND SQUARE 
 
 BLACK WALNUT 
 
 FRAMES. 
 
 OVAL AND SQUARE 
 
 ROSEWOOD AND GILT 
 
 FRAMES. 
 
 OVAL AND SQUARE 
 
 GOLD GILT 
 
 FRAMES. 
 
 Everything that a Photographer or Ferrotyper needs can be found in 
 QUANTITY and at LOWEST PRICES, at the “GREAT CENTRAL ” 
 CASH PHOTOGRAPHIC WAREHOUSE of 
 
 ( 91 ) 
 
Robinson’s Ratent Photograph Trimmer. 
 
 The usefulness of this little contrivance is as exter>8ive as it iS 
 Simple. It will trim all photographs with equal facility, 
 
 from the little circular print of a quarter of an inch in diameter for 
 the locket, to the full life size. 
 
 The accompanying cut represents the instrument in the act of trim- 
 ming a photograph. It does not cut^ but pinches off the waste paper, and 
 
 leaves the print with a neatly beveled edge which facilitates the adher- 
 ence of the print to the mount. Try one, and you will discard the knife 
 and punch at once. For e.xamples of work see Dr. Vogel’s picture in 
 the January number of the Philadelphia Photographer, and Messrs. 
 Schreiber & Sons’ picture in the February i.ssue of the same magazine. 
 Likewise the various proofs in other numbers. Sent by mail, neatly 
 boxed, for $.3.50. Sent to any part of the world on receipt of price. Oil 
 the wheel hearings with sewing machine oil. 
 
 The dilhculty of procuring exactly true guides for cutting out piints 
 has induced the inventor to put up machinery for the production of all 
 styles of them, guaranteed mathematically true, and to be known as 
 
 ROBIX.SON’S I.nPIlOVEn GUIDES. 
 
 Price 10 cents per incli the long way of the opening. A full stock of 
 regular sizes now on hand. A complete, illustrated catalogue and price- 
 list of these will be issued soon. 
 
 Please read the description of the Trimmer on page 346, October num- 
 ber Philadelphia Photographer, 1872. 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 “ The Trimmer comes up to all you claim for it. I would not be with- 
 out it.”— T. CuMMiSGS, Lancasiei-. 
 
D. J. RYAN’S 
 
 SOUTHERN 
 
 AND 
 
 pTOCK Depot, 
 
 SAVANNAH, Ga. 
 
 First-Class M at Nortlam Prices! 
 
 SAVING TIME, 
 
 FREIGHT, INSURANCE, DRAYAGE, &c. 
 
 ( 95 ) 
 
TAKE NOTICE ! 
 
 N. C. THAYER & CO., 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 aterials 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ARE RE-ESTABLISHED IN 
 
 CHICAGO, 
 
 AT 
 
 Mo. 76 STATE STREET. 
 
 Photographers in the West are invited to send their 
 orders to this well-known House. 
 
 GOODS EXACTLY AS OKDEEED, 
 
 AND AT 
 
 THE VERY LOWEST PRICES. 
 ' ( 96 ) 
 
fusely Illustrated f 
 
 ENTITLED 
 
 ELBERT ANDERSOJi’S 
 
 Photo-Oomic 
 
 ALLMYKNACK. 
 
 It is full of witty stories, say- 
 ings, doiugs, puns, jokes, prac- 
 tical hints, take-offs, etc., with 
 grotesque illustrations, zodiacal 
 signs and tables, and all the 
 features of a first-class Almanac. 
 All the wit and humor which 
 Mr. Andeeson suppressed in his 
 “Skylight and Dark-Koom,” 
 may be found in his ALLMY- 
 KNACK. Sample of Illustra- 
 tions herewith. Dealers can sell 
 thousands ; photographers can 
 sell hundreds. Contains 64 
 pages. Liberal discount for 
 wholesale orders. So many 
 thousands are sure to sell, that 
 the publishers are enabled to 
 make the price 
 
 ONI.Y 75 CEYTS, 
 
 Have your orders in early. 
 
 BENERMAN & WILSON, Photo. Publishers, Philada., Pa. 
 
 PIPER & CARTER, Eonaoii, Eng. 
 
 7 ( 97 ) 
 
JUST ISSUED! 
 
 A NEW EDITION OF 
 
 Bigelow’s Album 
 
 OF LIGHTING AND POSING. 
 
 NEARLY ALL NEW STUDIES. 
 
 This album brings lighting and posing down to a 
 system at once plain, easy, and desirable. No yoorf, 
 intelligent operator can afford to work without it. 
 ( 98 ) 
 
IT CONTAINS 
 
 24 Victoria Portrait Studies in 
 Light and Pose, 
 
 With an explanatory key, telling exactly how each 
 
 PICTURE WAS MADE, -WHERE THE CAMERA AND SITTER WERE 
 PLACED when it was made, what curtains were opened 
 in lighting the subject, &c. A diagram of the interior of the sky- 
 light (similar to the one on the opposite page) is given in each 
 case (24 in all), telling the whole story. It u bound handsomely in 
 cloth, giU. 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 It is one of the most valuable aids to art education which has yet been 
 presented to the photo, portraitist. Each print represents a distinct study 
 of pose and lighting, the widest variety of effects being comprehendea. 
 We should be glad to see it in the hands of English portraitists gener- 
 ally.”— P^oto. News. 
 
 ** The method U an admirable one smd Mr. Bigelow deserves credit for the 
 systematic way in which he has carried it out.”— British Journal of Pho- 
 tography. 
 
 “ I confess that this work has furnished me much instruction, particu- 
 larly the manner in which, by word and picture, studies about light and 
 pose are explained and made comprehensible.”— Pr. Vogel. 
 
 “We do not know of anything ourselves that has been presented to the 
 trade which is calculated to do so much real good as Bigelow’s Album, 
 with the explanatory key to the studies. It is an invaluable guide to 
 the portraitist .” — Philadelphia Photographer' . 
 
 It has an astonishing sale in England and Germany, as well 
 as at home, and is really invaluable. 
 
 A NEW EDITION IS NOW READY, 
 
 with 
 
 NBW KEY! NEW STUDIES! 
 
 PRICE, $6.00. 
 
 FOR SALE BY ALL STOCKDEALERS, 
 
 AND BT PIPER A CARTER, EONDON, ENG. 
 
 BENERMAN & WILSON, Publishers, 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 ( 99 ) 
 
ALL OF 
 
 Scovill’s Ferrotype Materials 
 
 CAN BE HAD OP YOUS FAVOEITE STOCEDEALEB. 
 
 PHENIX FERROTYPE PLATES, 
 
 PEERLESS QUICK-WORKING LENSES, 
 
 SCOVILL’S WHITE FERROTYPE VARNISH, 
 AM. OPTICAL CO.’S GEM BOXES, 
 
 SCOVILL’S FERROTYPE COLLODION, 
 AMBROTYPE COLLODION, 
 
 ANDERSON’S DRY COLORS. 
 
 SCOVILL’S DRY COLORS, 
 
 In wooden boxes, fitted with brushes and gold saucers. 
 
 CAS AND KEROSENE STOVES, 
 
 For drying the pictures after varnishing. 
 
 FERROTYPE CARDS, 
 
 FERROTYPE MATS, 
 
 OVAL VELVET CASES, 
 
 UNION CASES (Square, Oval, and Octagon), 
 LOCKET UNION CASES, 
 
 UNION TRAYS AND FRAMES, 
 ALL SIZES AND STYLES. 
 Ac., Ac., Ac. 
 
 “BON TON” AND GEM ENVELOPES. 
 
 ( 100 ) 
 
PHOTOGRAPHIC 
 
 CARD STOCK 
 
 OF EVERY VARIETY, 
 
 MANUFACTURED BY 
 
 A. M. COLLINS, SON & CO., 
 
 Warehouse, No. 18 S. Sixth Street, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Our long experience in the known wants of photog- 
 raphers, and the care exercised in the manufacture of 
 the mounting cards required by them, enables us to 
 furnish Card Stock of superior excellence, and we can 
 confidently refer to all first-class artists throughout 
 the country. 
 
 Particular attention is given to Special Designs, in- 
 cluding monograms and addresses for mounts. 
 
 A. M. COLLINS, SON & CO., 
 
 No. 18 Soutli Sixth St., Philadelphia. 
 
 ( 101 ) 
 
THE 
 
 imm mm 
 
 ARE QUICK-ACTING, 
 
 AND HENCE 
 
 ESPECIALLY ADAPTED to FEEEOTYPING 
 
 They are guaranteed to be fully equal to the most expen- 
 sive foreign lenses. Competition invited. 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 1-4 size, with central stops $12 50 
 
 1-2 “ “ 20 00 
 
 4-4 “ “ 50 00 
 
 Extra 4-4“ “ 125 00 
 
 1-2 “ “ Quick Acting 40 00 
 
 4-4 “ “ “ “ 60 00 
 
 Extra 4-4 “ “ “ “ 150 00 
 
 These lenses are guaranteed first-class in every respect. 
 
 For Sale by all Dealers in Photographic Materials. 
 
 ( 102 ) 
 
BIGELO^W’S 
 
 Patented Plain, Oil-Painted 
 
 BACKGROUNDS, 
 
 ALL SIZES. 
 
 Superior to Woolen or Distemper ! 
 
 Their texture is firm, tough, and elastic, and being painted 
 in oil colors, they do not fade. They are uninjured by water, 
 and can be sponged off with soap suds, like a floor oil cloth 
 or carriage top. 
 
 Unlike Distemper Grounds, they may be rolled tightly or 
 folded. They are inexpensive, costing much less than woolen 
 and no more than distemper. Any desired shade and size 
 can be supplied, and samples may be had on application to 
 your stockdealer. 
 
 SQUARE AND REVOLVING 
 
 REMBRANDT BACKGROUNDS, 
 
 AND 
 
 IMITATION SILK CURTAINS, 
 
 ALL DONE IN OIL. 
 
 D;^ To be had of all Dealers in Photographic Stock. 
 
 ( 103 ) 
 
MORRISON’S 
 
 WIDE-ANGLE VIEW LENS. 
 
 Patented April 26, 1872, 
 and May 21, 1872. 
 
 These Lenses are 
 constructed on sci- 
 entific principles; 
 they embrace an 
 angle of fully 90 
 degrees, and are 
 absolutely free 
 from distortion and 
 flare. 
 
 No. 
 
 Size View. 
 
 Focal 
 
 Length. 
 
 Price. 
 
 1 
 
 3x3 
 
 23^ in. 
 
 $40 per pair. 
 
 2 
 
 3>^x 5 
 
 3 “ 
 
 40 “ 
 
 3 
 
 4 X 5^ 
 
 4 “ 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 4^x 
 
 “ 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 5x8 
 
 5 “ 
 
 40 
 
 6 
 
 6J^x Wz 
 
 6 
 
 2.5 each. 
 
 7 
 
 8 xlO 
 
 8 “ 
 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 11 xl4 
 
 10 “ 
 
 60 
 
 9 
 
 14 xl7 
 
 13^^ “ 
 
 70 
 
 10 
 
 17 x20 
 
 153^ “ 
 
 100 
 
 11 
 
 24 X.30 
 
 18 “ 
 
 150 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Nos. 1 to 5 are all made m 
 matched pairs for stereoscopic 
 work. The shortest focussed 
 Lenses are espec.ally adapted 
 for street and other views in 
 confined situations. For gen- 
 eral purposes, a pair, of No. 5 
 Lenses will be found moat use- 
 ful. Equipped w’ith these, 
 and a New Philadelphia Box, 
 the photographer will be pre- 
 pared for stereoscopic or the 
 popular 5x8 views. 
 
 MORRISON’S LENSES AHEAD. 
 
 UNOLE SAM PEEPERS THEM. READ ! 
 
 Engineer’s Department, Washington, D. C., Feb. 12th, 1873. 
 ScoviLL Manufacturing Co. 
 
 It gives me real pleasure to attest to the great value of the Morrison’s 
 Wide-Angle Lens, a pair of which were purchased in July last for the 
 Wheeler Exploring Expedition in Utah and Arizona. After having used 
 said Lenses in the canyons near the Colorado river, and photographing 
 their walls from 1.500 to 2000 feet high, the results show how perfectly the 
 Lenses did their work. They equal the most costly and excel most of 
 the lenses heretofore used by me. 
 
 WILLIAM BELL, 
 
 Fhotographer, Wheeler Exploring Expedition. 
 
 ( 104 ) 
 
WE PUBLISH 
 
 FEEROTYPES,aDiHO¥TO MAKE THEM 
 
 By E. M. ESTABKOOKE, of New York. 
 
 A complete and fascinating work by one who is the 
 highest authority on this subject. 
 
 Phenix Ferrotype Plates. 
 
 American Optical Co.’s Gem Boxes. 
 Hyatt’s Ferrotype Varnish. 
 
 Flesh Tint Varnish. 
 
 Ferrotype Mounts and Holders. 
 DOUBLE BACK CHAIR, 
 
 THE BEST POSING APPARATUS EVER MADE. 
 
 Price, in Green Kep, $25.00; in Brown Velvet, $28.00. 
 
 SLIDING BACK CHAIR, 
 
 WITH WIDE BACK AND HEAVY BULLION FRINGE. 
 
 Price, 6 inch Fringe, $12.00 ; 8 inch Fringe, $14.00. 
 
 Photographic Table, Price, § 16 . 00 . 
 Scenery Backgrounds. 
 
 Woolen Backgrounds. 
 
 Bigelow’s Plain Oil Painted Backgrounds. 
 Bigelow’s Revolving Backgrounds. 
 
 ETC., ETC., ETC., ETC. 
 
 GATOHELL & HYATT, 
 
 CINCIMATI, ST. LOUIS, LOUISVILLE, 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 (105) 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
Buffalo Photographic Warehouse 
 
 H 
 
 M 
 
 pci 
 
 EH 
 
 02 
 
 !zi 
 
 CO 
 
 Oi 
 
 Cl 
 
 nS 
 
 § 
 
 cq 
 
 c>r 
 
 CQ 
 
 David Tucker. 
 
 DEALERS IN EVERY VARIETY OP 
 
 S. B. Butts, 
 
 FBOTOGRAPHtC MATEBlAtS, 
 
 AND THE MOST DESIRED STYLES OF 
 
 OTAL. A1V1> SQUARE FRAMES, 
 
 Also, G-ilt, Black Walimt, and Eosewood and Gilt Mouldings. 
 
 CAMERAS AND APPARATUS, 
 
 IN GREAT VARIETY. 
 
 All Goods sold at lowest Market Prices. 
 
 DAVID TUCKER & CO. 
 
 ( 106 ) 
 
THE BACK VOLUMES OF THE 
 
 FOR $3 EACH. 
 
 THEY ARE HOING RAPIDLY. SECURE SOME. 
 
 The publication of the Photographic World having been 
 suspended, the publishers offer the FEW REMAINING 
 VOLUMES on hand for the EXCEEDINGLY LOW PRICE of 
 
 THREE DOLLARS A VOLUME! 
 
 They contain many of the best home and foreign con- 
 tributions to photographic literature ever published. Among 
 which are a series of papers on 
 
 POSITION AND COMPOSITION, 
 
 AND ANOTHER ENTITLED 
 
 Both of which are beautifully illustrated, and alone 
 worth more than the cost of the volumes. 
 
 The 24 pictures in the two volumes are varied in style, 
 very beautiful, and alone worth six dollars. 
 
 Postage payable at your own oflUce, or 36 cents extra, 
 prepaid. 
 
 Bach volumes of the PHILADELPHIA 
 PHOTOGRAPHER also for sale at 
 the subscription price. 
 
 For sale by PIPER & CARTFR, liOndon, Fng^. 
 
 BENERMAN & WILSON, Publishers, 
 
 Seventh & Cherry Sts., Philadelphia. 
 
 (107) 
 
GEORGE R. ANGELL, 
 
 129 JEFFEBSOH^ AVENUE, 
 
 DETKOIT, MICHIGAN, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 HOTOGRAPHIC 
 
 FEEKOTYPE STOCK, 
 
 AETISTS’ MATEEIALS, 
 
 FEAMES, 
 
 MOULDINGS, 
 
 PICTUEES, 
 
 TEASK’S FEEEOTYPE COLLODION, 
 
 SCOVILL’S FEEEO. DEYING EACKS, 
 
 FEEEO. ENVELOPES. 
 ( 108 ) 
 
FERROTYPERS’ 
 
 Requisites 
 
 ALL STYLES CAN BE FOUND AT 
 
 THE CHICAGO SQUARE-DEALING 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC 
 
 MEP&T,j 
 
 No. 76 STATE STREET, 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
 N. C. THAYER & CO. 
 
 SEND US A TRIAL ORDER. 
 ( 109 ) 
 
Baltimore Popular Stock Depot. 
 
 CHAS. A. WILSON, 
 
 7 NOETH CHAELES ST., BALTIMOEE. 
 
 Invites those desiring low prices, good goods, and promptness to send 
 him their orders. 
 
 VOIGTLANDER’S CAMERA TUBES AND LENSES. 
 
 C. C. HARRISON'S PORTRAIT AND GLOBE LENSES. 
 
 AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY’S APPARATUS. 
 
 All popular brands of ALBUMENIZED PAPER, both heavy and light, 
 and guaranteed to produce uniformly the most perfect results. 
 
 DEALER IN ALL MATERIALS USED FOE 
 
 Porcelain Pictures^ including Porcelain 
 Glass, Plain and Ground, 
 
 or ALL SIZES, THE BEST IN MARKET. A SPLENDID ASSORTMENT OF 
 
 BLACK WAimr, BOSBWOOB, ElILT, AHB B7STIC 
 
 For Porcelain Pictures and Photographs. 
 
 Silk, Cotton Velvet, and Velvet Edge Passepartouts for Porcelain Pictures. 
 
 GENUINE B. P. C. CLASS. 
 
 PORCELAIN WARE BATHS, DIPPERS, AND TRAYS. 
 
 A FULL ASSORTMENT OF 
 
 CASES, FRAMES, GLASS, APPARATUS, ROLLER PRESSES, 
 BACKGROUNDS, PHOTOGRAPHIC CHAIRS AND LOUNGES, 
 AND CHEMICALS OF THE PUREST MANUFACTURE, &c. 
 
 With whatever else is requisite for the pursuit of Photography, sup- 
 plied on the shortest notice, and on the most favorable terms. 
 
 The attention of Photographers throughout the United States is respect- 
 fully invited to the advantages offered of a superior quality of materials, 
 and extensive facilities for the execution of orders which are respectfully 
 solicited. Orders filled with care and despatch, and sent, if desired, with 
 bill for collection by Express, to any part of the United States. 
 
 Address 
 
 CUAS. A. WIL.S01V, 
 
 7 N. Charles St., Baltimore. 
 
 ( 110 ) 
 
THE HEADQUARTERS 
 
 FOR 
 
 PHENIX PLATES 
 
 AND 
 
 FEEEOTYPE STOCK GENEEALLY, 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 SCOYILL’S A. O. C. GEM AND FEREOTYPE 
 BOXES, 
 
 HANCE'S SPECIALTIES, 
 
 WAYMOUTH’S IMPROVED VIGNETTE 
 PAPERS, &c., &c. 
 
 At the Best Possible Rates, 
 
 Is at the popular Stock Depot of 
 
 No. 7 North Charles St., 
 
 BALTIMORE, MD. 
 
 (Ill) 
 
Hance’s Specialties 
 
 FOB FEBROTYPEBS. 
 
 HANCE’S 
 
 Delicate Cream Gun Cotton 
 
 Has no superior for Ferrotype Work, giving, as it does, a 
 delicate, structureless film unapproached by any other cot- 
 ton manufactured. IT NEEDS BUT A TRIAL TO MAKE 
 IT A FAVORITE. 80 cents per ounce. 
 
 Trask’s Ferrotype Collodion 
 
 IS UNRIVALLED. 
 
 Manufactured by Mr. A. K. P. Trask personally. Mr. 
 Trask is so well known as a ferrotyper and photographer 
 that his collodion needs no comment. If you would make 
 good work, use it. Formula on the label. 
 
 FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS. 
 
 ALFRED L. HANCE, 
 
 No, 128 North Seventh St., 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 SOOVILL MIG. 00., Trade Agents, 
 
 NEW TORH. 
 
 ( 112 ) 
 
SCOVILL 
 
 M&NUr&CTURIIIi; COMPANY, 
 
 No. 4 Beekman Street, New York, 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC STOCK. 
 
 DEALERS SUPPLIED . 
 
 On the Most Advantageous Terms, with 
 
 EVERY ARTICLE IN THE WORLD 
 
 Used or sold in the Art of Photography. 
 
 Our facilities are such that we cannot he superseded 
 by any other house anywhere. 
 
 We make it to the advantage of every one to deal 
 with us. 
 
 ASK TOUR DEALER FOR SCOVILL’S 800DS, 
 
 jg@**See monthly announcements in, and read the 
 
 “ PHOTOGRAPHIC TIMES.” 
 
 8 ( 113 ) 
 
skylightITdark-room. 
 
 By ELBERT ANDERSON, 
 
 Is the Most Useful, Klnhorate, and Handsome Work 
 ever issued on Hhotoff raithy , 
 
 IT IS EMPHATICALLY A WOEKING PHOTOGRAPHER’S BOOE. 
 
 No work so thoroughly practical wa^ ever written by so thoroughly 
 practical a man. 
 
 AMONG OTHER THINGS IT CONTAINS 
 
 Something about Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, Acoustics, Heat, 
 aud Optics; Outlines of Chemistry; and, a full course of instruc- 
 tions on ' 
 
 PiioTOGRAPHY — Photographic Chemicals; The Skylight; The 
 Backgrounds ; Accessories ; Reflectors ; The Platform ; The Re- 
 ception-Room ; The Dark-Room; The Tanks; The Chemical- 
 Room; On the Selection of Glass for Negatives; On the Method 
 of Cleaning the Plates; Polishing the Plates; Albumenizing the 
 Plates; Preparation of the Albumen; Collodion; Iodides and 
 Bromides used in Collodion; Formula for Iodized Collodion ; El- 
 bert Anderson’s Portrait Collodion; The Negative Bath; De- 
 velopment; Nature of the Invisible Image; Developing and Re- 
 ileveloping ; Etreets of Intensification; The Fixing Solutions; 
 Rectification of the Negative Bath; To Fuse the Bath; To Re- 
 store a Disordered Bath by Precipitation; To Throw Down tlie 
 Silver in the Metallic State; The Camera; The Plateholder ; The 
 Lens; Varnishing the Negative ; Negative Varnish; Retouching 
 the Negative; The Printing-Room ; Silvering Plain Paper; Am- 
 monio-N it rate of Silver ; Albumen Paper ; The Positive Bath ; To 
 Silver the Paper; Fuming; The Print; The Press; Vignette 
 Print ing Boards ; Medallion Printing; Fancy Mt'dallion Printing; 
 Washing the Prints; Toning the Prints; Fixing Bath; The 
 Washing Tank; Mounting; The Press; Encaustic Paste; Mis- 
 cellaneous Hints; Porcelain Printing by the t’ollodio-Chloride 
 Process; Collodio-Chloride ; Porcelain Printing Frames; The 
 Ferrotype; Transi)arencies for thelMagic Lantern — How Made; 
 By the C/opying Camera; By Direct Printing on Dry Plates; By 
 the Collodio-Chloride Process; Coloring Magic Lantern Slides: 
 On Copying; To Clean a Daguerreotype; On the Recovery ot 
 Silver from the Wastes; Silver from the Develoi)er; The Wash- 
 ings from the Prints; Waste from the Toning Bath; Clii>pings; 
 Filters, &c. ; Of the Treatment of these Residues. 
 
 Art as Aim’Likd to PiioTO(UiAi*iiY.— Balance of Lines; Per- 
 spective; Drawbacks of the C.’amera ; Examples of Distortion of 
 the Camera; Curious Effects of Distance of a L(mis ; Imperfections 
 of the Human Face; Brilliancy; Relief; Position. 
 
 Dktails of Manipulation.— Manipulation No. 1; Exposure; 
 Manipulation No. 2 ; Rtmiarks on Development; Pinholes; Fog- 
 ging; Filtering the Bath ; and so on, and so on. 
 
 Great number of Original Illustrations, 12 interesting 
 Photographs, Fine Paper, Durable Binding. 
 
 (114) 
 
Read what WorMug Photogranhers say about it. 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 “It is practical, plain-speaking, and tolls all that can be told.” — 
 Charles Wager Hull. 
 
 “It is the most complete and exhaustive work of any that has 
 yet been published.” — R. J. (Ihute. 
 
 “I only hope that five thousand copies will go each into a pair 
 of silver-stained hands in Uncle Sam’s land before the close of 
 this year.”— AV. J. Baker. 
 
 “ I congratulate American Photographers on the issue of such 
 a valuable addition to the literature of the art as ^Ir. Elbert 
 Anderson’s Skylight and Dark-Room, which in my personal 
 estimation is one of the most useful books which has yet l)een 
 issued ill connection with the art.” — G. Wharton Simpson. 
 
 “ Anderson’s book is a model work. To any one who desires to 
 prepare himself for a thorough study of photograjihy, or who 
 wants to lake a general survey of all the branches of the art, I 
 should recommend Anderson’s book. No work on photography 
 has ever before been gotten up in so splendid a style.” — Dr. 
 Vogel. 
 
 “I find in it a great deal of valuable information. It appears 
 to me that those portions relating to practice of photography in 
 the dark-room and skylight, together with defects, their causes 
 and remedies, are written with a truth and elearness not to be 
 found in any other treatise on the subject.” — J. C. Browne. 
 
 “There has been left no room for adverse criticisms, and I know 
 the book cannot but prove a great success.” — John L. Gihon. 
 
 “I have received Mr. Anderson’s book and am delighted with it 
 The first page I read paid me back the four dollars 1 invested in 
 it, for it treated on a point I was in doubtabout, most clearly and 
 to my satisfaction, thus saving me a long process of exper- 
 imenting. It pleases me and will save trouble in points of doubt 
 where I should not know without experimenting which way to 
 go.” — B. W. Kilburn. 
 
 “A book that every photographer should have.” — I. B. Web- 
 ster. 
 
 Author and publishers have endeavored to make it invaluable 
 to every fortunate owner of a copy. It is a square book, hand- 
 somely bound in cloth and gilt. 
 
 PRICE, $4.00. 
 
 Sent post-paid on receipt of price by all stockdealers. 
 
 BENERMAN &, WILSON, Photographic Publishers, 
 
 S. W. cor. Seventh and Cherry Sts., Fhilada. 
 
 (115) 
 
HflNCE’S PHOTOGBftPHIC 
 
 ARE SOLD BY ALL DEALERS AS EOLLOWS: 
 
 £lbcrt AiiilerNOii’f^ Portrait Collodion. 
 
 Per pound, ^fl.50. Half-pound, 80 cents. 
 
 Ifaiice^ M'liite Mountain Collodion. 
 
 Per pound, iS-l.oO. Half-pound, 80 cents. 
 
 CnrtiN’ Niagara Falls Collodion. 
 
 Per })ound, S^l.oO. Half-pound, 80 cents. 
 
 Hance’s Pecnlar Portrait Collodion. 
 
 Per pound, $1.50. Half-pound, 80 cents. 
 
 TrasU’s Ferrotype Collodion. 
 
 Per pound, $1.50. Half-pound, 80 cents. 
 Cninining^s’ CJrit Varnisli. Per bottle, 40 cents, 
 
 nance’s Silver Spray dun Cotton. 
 
 Per ounce, 50 cents. 
 
 nance’s llelicate Cream dun Cotton, 
 
 Per ounce, 80 cents. 
 
 dill’s Concentrated Chromo Intensifier. 
 
 Per bottle, 50 cents. 
 
 nance’s droiiml dlass Substitute. 
 
 Per bottle, 50 cents. 
 
 TRADE MARK: THE BEST GOODS & FULL MEASURE. 
 
 Try Bailee’s Photon’apliic Specialties. 
 
 See Testimonials in former and future advertisements. 
 
 A£FRFI> £. IIANCE, Manufacturer, 
 
 Ifiii North Seventh Street, I^hilada. 
 
 SCOVTLL MF’G CO., Trade Agents, New York. 
 
 (110) 
 
NORTHWESTERN FERROTYPERS 
 
 CAN FIND A FULL STOCK OF THE 
 
 Phenix Ferrotype Plates, 
 
 Black and Patent Chocolate-Tinted— Eggshell and G-lossy, 
 
 ALWAYS ON HAND BY 
 
 JVbs. 11 & 13 Sprinff Street^ 
 
 MILWAUKEE, WIS. 
 
 SPECIALTIES: 
 
 Genuine B. P. €. G1a<4$i, 
 
 American Optical Co.’s Apparatus, 
 
 IJnion Card Frames, 
 
 Plioto. Publications (Benerman & Wilson’s), 
 Albumen Papers, 
 
 Ferro. Fnvelopes, 
 
 ^ Ferro. Card Frames (Union), 
 
 Ferro. Collodions, 
 
 F'erro. llrying' Racks. 
 Ferro. Varnisli, 
 
 AND 
 
 A PROMPT FILLING OF ORDERS. 
 
 ( 117 ) 
 
SCOVILL MANUFACTURING CO, 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS 
 
 Foreign and Domestic, in every variety. 
 
 4 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK. 
 
 Dealers supplied with the best goods on the best terms. Our own ex- 
 teasive facilities for manufacturing enable us to produce first quality of 
 goods, and our extensive connections, at home and abroad, give us facil- 
 ities which no one else has. 
 
 WATERBURY, CONN. NEW HAVEN, CONN. NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 See other advertisements in the photographic books and magazines. 
 
 Kxamine ScovUVs Photographic Clocks. 
 
 (118) 
 
 Read the Photographic Times. 
 
INDIANAPOLIS FERROTYPERS’ STOCK DEPOT. 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS 
 
 Ferrotype iV Stock, 
 
 ALL STYLES, 
 
 OF THE BEST QUALITY, 
 
 ALWAYS ON HAND BY 
 
 L. S. WHITE, 
 
 No. 173 E. Washington Street, 
 INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. 
 
 PHENIX PLATES, 
 
 AND 
 
 AM. OPTICAL CO.’S APPARATUS. 
 
 T R A S K ^ S 
 
 FERROTYPE COLLODION. 
 
 ( 119 ) 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS FERROTYPERS’ STOCK DEPOT. 
 
THE AMEEICAN OPTICAL 00. 
 
 MANUFACTURE 
 
 HAERISON & SCHNITZER'S GLOBE AND RATIO LENSES, 
 
 THE C. C. HARRISON PORTRAIT LENSES, 
 
 FOCUSING GLASSES, 
 
 MAGIC LANTERN OBJECTIVES, 
 
 And all instruments pertaining to the Optica of Photography. 
 
 APPARATUS : 
 
 (xEM, Card, and Universal, 
 Imperial Card or Cabinet, 
 The Chicago Card, 
 
 The Single View, 
 
 The Model Copying, 
 
 Nine-Tube Multiplying, 
 Victoria Improved, 
 
 The Phila. Stereo., 
 
 The Cone Bellows, 
 
 The Superior Enlarging, 
 
 CAMERA BOXES. 
 
 Perfect C'aiiiera St amis. 
 
 Holders and Parts of IIol<lers. 
 Patent Lie ver- Adjustment Oallery Stands. 
 
 TRIPODS, DRY-PLATE BOXES, 
 
 PATENT GLASS BATHS, PRINTING FRAMES, 
 
 DARK TENTS, WOOD SCREW VISES, 
 
 NEGATIVE BOXES, AND 
 
 EVERYTHING IN THE APPARATUS LINE. 
 
 Partiea desiring Boxes, or other Apparatus of special construction, can 
 he aocoininodated. None but the best workmen employed. Send for 
 illustrated catalogue. 
 
 For Sale by all Dealers in Photographic Stock. 
 ( 120 )