C ATA L O G U E OF THE PICTURES IN THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, 29, GREAT GEORGE STREET, WESTMINSTER. JULY 1, 1859. LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS. 1859. NAT ION A L PORTRA IT G A L L E RY, 29. GREAT GEORGE STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W. The temporary Apartments, now forming tlie Gallery, are open to the Public, for the present by Tickets only, on Wednes- days and Saturdays, from 12 to 4 o’clock. From Easter to October 1 the Gallery will remain open till 5. No admission on other days. Tickets may be obtained, on application, from Messrs. Colnagiii, Pall Mall East ; from Messrs. Graves, No. 6, Pall Mall; from Mr. John Smith, No. 137, New Bond Street; and from Wm. Dufour, Stationer, 17a, Great George Street, West- minster. No Ticket will admit more than four persons. RULES Which the Trustees have adopted for their Guidance. I. The rule which the Trustees desire to lay down to themselves in either making purchases or receiving presents, is to look to the celebrity of the person represented rather than to the merit of the artist. They will attempt to estimate that celebrity without any bias to any political or religious party. Nor will they consider great faults and errors, even though admitted on all sides, as any sufficient ground for excluding any portrait which may be valuable as illustrating the civil, ecclesiastical, or literary history of the country. II. No Portrait of any person still living, except only of the reigning Sovereign and of his or her Consort, shall be admitted. III. No Portrait of any person deceased less than ten years shall be admitted unless all the Trustees in the United Kingdom, and not in- capacitated by illness, shall either at a Meeting or by letter signify their approbation. IV. No Portrait shall be admitted by donation, unless three-fourths at least of the Trustees present at a Meeting shall approve it. V. No modern copy of an original Portrait shall be admitted. VI. The number of Three shall be a Quorum at any Meeting of the Trustees. By order, GEORGE SCHARF, Secretary. *.* Communication s respecting Donations and Purchases of Pictures to he addressed to the Secretary at the Gallery. TRUSTEES OP THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, 1859. THE EARL STANHOPE (Chairman). WILLIAM SMITH, ESQ. (Deputy-Chairman). THE LORD PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL (FOR THE TIME BEING). THE MARQUESS OF LANSDOWNE, K.G. THE LORD ELCHO, M.P. THE LORD ROBERT CECIL, M.P. THE LORD BISHOP OF OXFORD. THE LORD MACAULAY. THE RIGHT HON. SIDNEY HERBERT, M.P. THE RIGHT HON. B. DISRAELI, M.P. THE RIGHT HON. SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL LEWIS, BART., M.P. SIR FRANCIS PALGRAVE. SIR CHARLES L. EASTLAKE, P.R.A. THOMAS CARLYLE, ESQ. WILLIAM H. CARPENTER, ESQ. WILLTAM STIRLING, ESQ., OF KEIR, M.P. Secretary, GEORGE SCIIARF, ESQ., F.S.A. ' ( v ) C 0 NTEN T S. o No. Page No. Pagk 1. Sir Walter Raleigh 1 27. William Siiakspeare 28 2. Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia 3 28. Henry Wriothesley, Earl of 3. James Stuart 4 Southampton 30 4. John Opie, R.A 5 29. John Fox 31 5. Sir Joshua Reynolds 6 30. Theodore Hook 32 6. John Keats 7 31. Thomas Stothard, R.A 33 7. Sir David Wilkie 8 32. John Hunter 34 8. Captain James Cook, R.N. 9 33. Right Hon. William Huskisson 35 9. Dr. William Harvey 10 34. James, First Earl Stanhope .. 36 10. Sir Ralph Win wood 11 35. John Smeaton 37 11. Dr. Samuel Parr 12 36. Warren Hastings 38 12. John Horne Tooke 13 37. Cardinal Wolsey 39 13. William Powlett, First Mar- 38. Arthur Murphy 40 quess of Winchester .. 14 39. King James VI. of Scotland .. 41 14. George Frederic Handel 15 40. Mary Countess of Pembroke .. 42 15. Right Hon. Spencer Perceval 16 41. John Knox 44 16. Sir William Chambers .. 17 42. Bishop Hoadley 45 17. J ames Thomson 18 43. General Wolfe 46 18. Nell Gwynn 19 44. Lord Chancellor Talbot 47 19. Dr. Richard Mead 20 45. Admiral Boscawen .. ..- .. 48 20. Joseph Nollf.kens, R.A 21 46. Anthony First Earl of Shaftes- 21. Elizabeth Hamilton, Comtesse bury 49 de Grammont 22 47. Sir Robert Walpole (afterwards 22. Henry Ireton 23 Earl of Orford) 50 23. Abraham Cowley 24 48. William Pulteney, Earl of 24. John Selden 25 Bath 51 25. George Byng, First Viscount 49. William Petty, Earl of Shel- Torrington 26 burne (First Marquess of 2G. Richard Earl Howe, K.G. 27 Lansdowne) 52 VI CONTENTS. No. Pack 50. Richard Cumberland .. ..53 51. Sir Francis Burdett, Bart. .. 54 52. William Sharp 55 53. Bishop Warburton 56 54. Right Hon. William Windham 57 55. William Wilberforce .. ..58 56. Joseph Wright 59 57. Elizabeth Carter .. *.. ..60 58. James Second Duke of Ormond 61 59. Archbishop Wake 62 60. Robert Harley, Earl of Ox- ford and Mortimer .. ..63 61. Nathaniel Hooke 64 62. Sir William Wyndham, Bart. 65 63. William, First Earl Cadog an 66 64. The Princess Charlotte .. 67 65. Speaker Lenthali, 68 66. Lord Clive 69 No. Page 67. Lord Chancellor Jeffreys .. 70 68. William Congreve 71 69. Sir Charles Bell ..• .. .. 72 70. Dr. Edward Jenner .. ..73 71. David Garrick 74 72. President Duncan Forbes .. 75 73. The Seven Bishops 76 74. John Philip Kemble .. ..77 75. Robert Burns 78 76. Right Hon. Sir James Mackin- tosh 79 77. Henry Addington, First Vis- count Sidmouth 80 78. Mrs. Siddons 81 79. John Dryden 82 80. George Colman 83 81. Lord Nelson 84 ( 1 .) SIR WALTER RALEIGH. Born 1552. Beheaded 1618. Born at Bndleigk in Devonshire, and educated at Oriel College, Oxford. His first introduction to the notice of Queen Elizabeth, when he is said to have thrown down his velvet cloak for her to walk upon, has been admirably related by Sir Walter Scott in his tale of Kenilworth. He rose rapidly in favour, and received the honour of knight- hood in 1584. He was justly esteemed as one of the most accomplished and adventurous spirits of liis age, and he greatly distinguished himself by his gallantry in several naval conflicts and expeditions against the Spaniards. Nor was he less celebrated as the planner of that colony on the mainland of America which in honour of the Maiden Queen was named Virginia. But at the death of Elizabeth in 1(303 his fortunes fell. He was imprisoned for twelve years in the Tower, during which period he composed his celebrated ‘ History of the World.’ Finally, after some other vicissi- tudes of fortune, he was beheaded on Tower Hill in 1(318. On Panel. Painter Unknown. This picture is thus described, though not quite correctly, and perhaps only from recollection, in Aubrey’s Letters : “ In the great parlour at Downton, at Mr. Ralegh’s, is a good piece (an originall) of Sir W. in a white sattin doublet, all embroidered with rich pearles, and a mighty rich chaine of great pearles about his neck. The old servants have told me that the pearles were neer as big as the painted ones. He had a most remarkable aspect, an exceeding u 1 SIR WALTER RALEIGH — Continued. high forehead, long faced, and sour eie-lidded, a kind of pigge-eie.” — Vol. ii. p. 511. In the upper left-hand corner is a white crescent, with a human face in it, turned downwards. Below it the motto “ Amore et virtute,” and on the right-hand side AiTATis sva 3 34, An 0 1588, twice over. From the house at Pownton above-mentioned. Purchased 1 >y the Trustees, March, 1857. ( 2 . ) ELIZABETH, QUEEN OF BOHEMIA. Born 1596. Died 1662. Daughter of King .Tamos L, and sister of King Charles I. : she became the consort of Frederick, Elector Palatine, subse- quently King of Bohemia ; and she was the mother of Prince Bupert, so well known in the Civil Wats of England. Another of her children was the Princess Sophia, who became Electress of 1 lanover and mother of King George I. Thus Her present Majesty is in the direct line of descent from the Queen of Bohemia. On panel. Painted by Cornells Janssens. Lately in the collection at Buscot Park, Berkshire. Purchased by the Trustees, March, 1850. ( 3 . ) JAMES STUART. Bom in London 1713. Died 1788. An architect, author of the ‘ Antiquities of Athens,’ and the first of modern times to introduce a knowledge of the true Greek architecture to the west of Europe. Hence his fre- quent designation of “ Athenian Stuart.” The death of his hither, a mariner, left him at a very early age the sole support of a mother and large family, whom he maintained principally by painting ladies’ fans. In 1742, however, he was enabled to visit Rome, where he resided for seven years. During that time he painted industriously and studied languages and antiquities at the Propaganda ; and in 1750, under the patronage of the reigning Pontiff, Benedict XIV., he published an essay at Rome, * De Obelisco Caesaris,’ &c. Being encouraged by numerous friends and subscribers, Stuart and his friend Revett determined to explore me almost forgotten ruins of Athens. They reached their destination in 1751, and remained in Greece till the close of 1753, returning to England in 1755. Oidy the first volume of the ‘Antiqui- ties’ was published (1762) during Stuart’s lifetime. The subsequent volumes, edited by Newton and Reveley, appeared in 1790 and 1794. A Miniature Painting on Ivory. Painter Unknotvn. Presented by his son, Lieut. James Stuart, R.N., Nov. 1858. 4 ( M JOHN OPIE, R.A. Born 1761. Died 1807. The son of a Cornish carpenter. He first emerged from obscurity through the aid of Dr. Wolcot, better known as “ Peter Pindar,” and, like himself, a native of Cornwall. Coming to London in 1781, and being introduced to Sir Joshua Reynolds, young Opie applied himself assiduously to the study of art, and in some years attained high fame as a portrait-painter. He succeeded Fuseli as Lecturer on Paint- ing in the Royal Academy, but had only delivered four lec- tures when his useful career was cut short by an early death. His wife, Amelia Opie, the author of several popular novels, long survived him. Painted by himself at the age of twenty-four. The date, 1785, is on the back of the canvas. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1858. 5 SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS. Bom 1723. Hied 1792. By general consent the greatest portrait painter England has produced, was born at Plympton in Devonshire, 1723. He was educated at the grammar-school by his father, the Rev. Samuel Reynolds. In 1740 he was sent to London, and placed under the tuition of Hudson, the most eminent por- trait painter of his time. In 1749 he accompanied Captain, afterwards Lord, Keppel to Gibraltar, Algiers, and Minorca, and from Minorca he proceeded to Leghorn, Rome, Florence, and Venice. In 1752 he returned to England and settled in St. Martin’s Lane, at that time a favourite resort of Lon- don artists. He became the intimate friend of Dr. Johnson, Burke, and other eminent men, and in conjunction with the former established “ The Club ” which still exists. On the foundation of the Royal Academy in 1768 Rey- nolds was nominated President, and he received the honour of knighthood in the same year. From this period, and on every occasion of the distribution of prizes, he delivered those discourses on painting and the study of art which to this day form the favourite manual of students in this country. Between the opening of the first exhibition in 1769 and the year 1790 Reynolds exhibited no less than two hundred and forty-four pictures. Sir Joshua Reynolds died, unmarried, at his residence in Leicester Square in 1792, and was interred in St. Paul’s Cathedral. Painted by himself before his residence in Italy. Engraved by It. Cooper , as a frontispiece to Northcote's Life of Reynolds, and also by /S'. W. Reynolds. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1858. 6 ( «■ ) JOHN KEATS. Born 1795. Died 1821. Born in Moorfields, 1795. Educated at a private school at Enfield ; but in 1810 left school to enter upon his studies for the surgical profession. He found these far from genial to him ; and seven years later, 1817, he retired to the Isle of Wight and produced his ‘ Endymion.’ This, with ‘ Lamia ’ and ‘ Hyperion,’ are his principal poems. Finding his health decline, and threatened with consumption, he sought, in company with his friend Joseph Severn, the benefit of a warmer climate in Italy; hut in vain. Keats died at Rome in February, 1821, and was interred in the Protestant burial- ground. Shelley, whose elegy the ‘Adonais’ is well re- membered in connexion with Keats, now lies near him. Upon his tomb were inscribed at his own request the following words : — “ Here lies one whose name was writ in water.” A letter written by Mr. Severn, December 22nd, 1858, contains the following particulars : — “ The room, the open window, the carpet, chairs, are all portraits, even to the mezzotinto portrait of Shakespeare, given him by his old landlady in the Isle of Wight. On the morning of my visit to Hampstead (1819) I found him sitting with the two chairs, as I have painted him. After this time he lost his cheerfulness, and I never saw him like himself again.” Painted at Rome in 1821, by Joseph Severn. Presented January, 1859, by S. Smith Travers, Esq. ( 7 .) SIR DAVID WILKIE, R.A. Born 1785. Died at sea 1841. Born in Fifes] lire, at the manse of the parish of Cults, of which his father was minister. He was sent to Edinburgh in 1799, and soon showed a predilection for studying character at fairs and market-places. In 1805, when in his 20th year, Wilkie first visited London, and drew assiduously as a proba- tioner at the Royal Academy. In 1800 he completed a picture of “ The Village Politicians ” for the Earl of Mans- field. The stipulated price was only thirty guineas, hut that picture laid the foundation of his fame, and became the first of a splendid series — perhaps unequalled in one peculiar branch of art. His impaired health led him, in 1824, to travel to Italy and Spain, and he returned to England in 1828. In 1830 he succeeded Sir Thomas Lawrence as painter in ordinary to His Majesty, and in 1836 received the honour of knighthood. In 1840 Sir David Wilkie visited the East, making many admirable sketches both at Constant inople and at Jerusalem. But on his voyage homeward he was seized with a fatal illness, and expired off Gibraltar, May, 1841. Painted by himself, at the age of 29. The present picture was painted for a brother in India, and is especially mentioned in the Life of Wilkie, by Allan Cunningham, vol. i. page 387. He speaks of it also in his own Journal, under the date of December 28, 1813. It was exhibited at the British Institution in 1812. No. 87 of the Catalogue. Purchased by the Trustees of the Artist’s Niece, July, 1858. 8 ( 8 .) CAPTAIN JAMES COOK, R.N. Bom in Yorkshire, 1728. Died 1779. Navigator and discoverer. Was present at the capture of Quebec by A\ olfe. In 1763 he went out to survey the Newfoundland Islands. In 1767 he was appointed to con- duct an expedition into the South Pacific Ocean for geo- graphical and astronomical purposes. He was accompanied by Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks, afterwards Sir Joseph and President of the lloyal Society. One inlet in New South Wales, where Mr. Banks and Dr. Solauder found plants in especial plenty, received from them the name of “ Botany Bay,” and it was this exploration which prepared the way for our first Australian colony. In 1773 the Sandwich Islands were discovered. In 1776 Cook again sailed from Plymouth for the Cape of Good Hope and the Pacific. He determined the most westerly point of America, and returned to winter in the Sandwich Islands. At Owhyhee, the largest among them, he was killed by the natives in an accidental fray February, 1779. Painted at the Cape of Good Hope by John Webber, R.A., the draftsman appointed to accompany Captain Cook on his voyage. Engraved by Bartolozzi. Purchased by the Trustees, January, 1858. ( 9 - ) DR. WILLIAM HARVEY. Born 1578. Died 1657. Illustrious from his discovery of the circulating movement of the blood. Born at Folkestone, 1578. He entered Caius College, Cambridge, in his 16th year, and subsequently attended the lectures of Fabricius and Abaquapendente at Padua, where ho obtained his degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 1628 he first published his Theory of the Circulation of the Blood. He had been already appointed Physician ex- traordinary to King James I., and became, under favour of King Charles I., Master of Merton College, Oxford, for a limited period. During the battle of Edgehill, Harvey, being on the spot, was entrusted with the care of the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York. About 1649 he again visited Italy, accompanied by his friend Sir George Ent. In 1654, three years before his decease, he was elected President of the College of Physicians, but found himself incapacitated by age from discharging the duties, and therefore resigned the office. His personal appearance is thus described by Aubrey in one of liis letters (vol. ii. p. 382) : — “ He was, as all the rest of the brothers, very choleriquo ; and in his younger days would be apt to drawe out liis dagger upon every slight occa- sion. lie was not tall ; but of the lowest stature, round faced, olivaster, (like wainscott) complexion ; little eie, round, very black, full of spirit ; liis hair was black as a raven, but quite white 20 yeares before he dyed. I (Aubrey) first sawe him at Oxford, 1642, after Edgehill fight.” There is a contemporary engraving of this picture usually attributed to Hollar ; but more probably by Gaywood. Purchased by the Trustees, January, 1859. 10 ( 10 . ) SIR RALPH WINWOOD. Born 1564. Died 1617. The birthplace of Sir Ralph Winwood was Aynho in North- amptonshire. After spending some years in foreign travel he accompanied Sir Henry Neville to Paris in 1599, where he resided till 1603, in which year he' was entrusted by James I. with a mission to the States of Holland. In 1607 he received the honour of knighthood, and was on several subsequent occasions sent as envoy to Holland. Winwood was appointed Secretary of State in 1614, and retained that post till his death in 1617. His papers and correspondence have been collected in three folio volumes under the title of “ Memorials of Affairs of State in the Reigns of Queen Eliza- beth and King Janies I.,” &c. They were edited by Edmund Sawyer, Esq., London, 1725. Painted by Mirevelt. Engraved by Gr. Vertue. Purchased by the Trustees May, 1858. 11 ( 11 .) DR. SAMUEL PARR. * Bom at Harrow, 1747. Died 1825. Educated at Harrow. Having no taste for his father’s pro- fession, that of surgery, he entered Emanuel College, Cam- bridge, and afterwards returned to Harrow as an assistant master in the school. Blaster of Norwich School from 1778 to 1786. In 1786 the small living of Hatton in Warwick- shire was presented to him by Lady Trafford. Here he spent the remainder of his life. He held also a prebendal stall in St. Paid’s. His talents in conversation were compared by his friends to those of Dr. Johnson ; but, notwithstanding his great literary attainments and classical knowledge, he has not left behind him any work by which he is eminently dis- tinguished. He died at Hatton, where he continued to reside, although he had exchanged that perpetual curacy for the rectory of Wadenhoe in Northamptonshire in 1790. He was also in 1802 appointed Rector of Graffham in Huntingdon- shire. Painted by G. Dawe, R.A. Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1814. — No. 199 of the catalogue. Purchased by the Trustees from Mr. Wright, the nephew of the Painter, March, 1857. 12 ( 12 . ) JOHN HORNE TOOKE. Born 1736. Died 1812. The son of a poulterer, John Horne, in Newport Market, Westminster. Born there, 1736. He entered the Church in accordance with his father’s wishes ; but his own attachment to the law proved insuperable. Not oidy resigning a curacy which he held at Brentford, but renouncing Holy Orders, he began, in 1773, to study for the Bar. At this period he rendered important legal services to Mr. William Tooke in defending his estates at Parley, near Godstone in Surrey, and being nominated his heir, assumed his family name. Horne Tooke was politically associated with Wilkes, and took a vehement part in discussing the American war. During an imprisonment for libel in 1777 he commenced a series of observations on certain grammatical points in the English language, which constituted the basis of his book entitled E ma. rirepoEvra, and more commonly known as “ The Diversions of Purley.” This was published in two parts, the first in 1786, and the second in 1805. In 1794 Horne Tooke was arrested on a charge of high-treason ; and after a celebrated trial which lasted six days, and during which he distinguished himself by his quickness and pre- sence of mind, he was acquitted. In 1801 he was, through the influence of Lord Camelford, returned to Parliament for Old Sarum ; but in the ensuing Session an Act was passed in reference to his case, disqualifying any one in Holy Orders from sitting in the House of Commons. This excluded him from active politics, and he passed the remain- der of his life in retirement at Wimbledon. Painted by Thomas Hardy. Engraved by Anker Smith , 1791. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1857. 13 ( 13 . ) WILLIAM POWLETT, First MARQUESS of WINCHESTER. Born 1475. Died 1572. Son of Sir John Powlett, Knight of the Bath. In 1538 he was appointed Treasurer of the King’s Household, and raised to the peerage as Baron St. John of Basing in Hants. On the establishment of the Court of Wards in 1540 he became Master, and in the following year received the Order of the Garter. He was one of the Executors of the Will of Henry VIII., becoming a guardian of his youthful successor, and having the custody of the Great Seal. In 1549 the office of Lord High Treasurer of England was conferred upon him, and in 1551 he was promoted to the rank of Marquess of Winchester. His descendant and representa- tive is now the Premier Marquess of England. Some high post of office, chiefly that of Lord Treasurer, was retained by the first Marquess tlu-ough four successive reigns, and during thirty years; and on being asked how he preserved himself in place through so many changes of government, he answered “ by being a willow, and not an oak.” Painter unknown. Painted on oak panel. Formerly in the Collection of the Scudamore family . at Holme Lacy, in Herefordshire. Purchased by the Trustees, 1858. 14 ( 14 . ) GEORGE FREDERIC HANDEL. Born at Halle, in the Duchy of Magdeburg, 1685. Died 1759. Musical composer. Son of an eminent physician. Travelled in his youth in Germany and Italy. Arrived in London 1710. His early compositions were for Italian operas; but at tire command of Queen Anne, in 1714, he composed the “ Te Deum ” and “Jubilate,” performed in St. Paul’s after the Peace of Utrecht. Handel had also been appointed Maestro cli Cappella to the Elector of Hanover, who, on his accession to the Crown of England, extended to him his Royal favour, and assisted him in establishing an Italian Opera in the Haymarket. This undertaking having failed, Handel turned his attention to sacred music, and composed his sublime Oratorios — “Israel in Egypt” in 1738, “The Messiah” in 1741, and “Judas Maccabeus” in 1740. He composed nineteen English ones in all ; “ Jephtha,” the last, was produced in 1752. In 1750 lie lost his sight, and gradually declined from that time until his death. He was buried with great pomp in Westminster Abbey. Painted by Thomas Hudson. Purchased by the Trustees, March, 1857. 15 ( 15- ) RIGHT HON. SPENCER PERCEVAL. Bom 1762. Died 1812. Second son of the second Earl of Egmont. Educated at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge. Having first applied himself to the study of the law, lie entered Parlia- ment in 1796 as Member for Northampton, and under Mr. Addington’s administration, in 1801, was appointed Solicitor- General. Next year he became Attorney-General, attaining also great distinction as a Parliamentary debater. On the fall of the Duke of Portland’s administration, in 1809, Mr. Perceval was appointed First Lord of the Treasury and Chan- cellor of the Exchequer, which offices he still held when he was assassinated by Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons, 1812. Painted by Joseph, from a mask taken after death by Nollekens. See Smith’s “ Life of Nollekens,” vol. i., p. 341. Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1815. — No. 100 of the catalogue. Presented by the Executors of Sir Robert Harry Inglts, Bart., February, 1857. 16 ( 16 . ) SIR WILLIAM CHAMBERS. Born at Stockholm in 1726. Died 1796. An architect, and one of the first of his profession who suc- ceeded in establishing a taste for pure Greek and Roman architecture in this country. His “ Treatise on Civil Architecture,” which has been several times reprinted, was first published in 1791. The chief edifice built by him in London is Somerset House in the Strand. He died 1796, and was interred in Westminster Abbey. Painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. This portrait belonged to the son of Sir William Cham- bers, and was transferred by him to Mr. West, who last held it. Purchased by the Trustees, January, 1858. ( 17 .) JAMES THOMSON. Bom 1700. Died 1748. The son of a Minister of the Church of Scotland, born at Ednam in Roxburghshire. First educated at the Grammar School of Jedburgh, and afterwards at the University of Edinburgh. Jlis first intention of entering Holy Orders was diverted by some encouragement from friends to cultivate poetry and to try his fortune in London. On arriving there in 172G he at once disposed of his manuscript poem of “ Winter.” Those of “ Summer ” and “ Spring ” were pub- lished in the two succeeding years. “ Autumn,” which com- pleted the “ Seasons,” did not appear till 1730. Thomson travelled in Italy with the son of Lord Chan- cellor Talbot, and on his return published a poem upon Liberty. His tragedy of “ Tancred and Sigismunda” was produced in 1745. His latest poem was the “Castle of Indolence,” and he died at Richmond in Surrey, 1748. Painted by Paton in 174G. Engraved by Pavenet. Presented by the grand-niece of the poet, Miss Bell, of Spring Hall, Coldstream, April, 1857. 18 ( 18 -) NELL GWYNN. Born 1640. Died 1691. Of Welsh parents, and first known in London as an orange- girl at the doors of the theatres. In 1667 she appeared on the stage, performing amongst others the parts of Desdemona and Ophelia, and acquiring great celebrity by her recitation of epilogues, several of which were written for her by Dryden. Her beauty and sprightliness having attracted the especial favour of King Charles II., she retired from the stage in 1671, and had apartments at Whitehall. It is said that the foundation of Chelsea College was mainly owing to her influence. She died in 1691. Painted by Sir Peter Lely. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1858. c 2 19 ( 19- ) DR. RICHARD MEAD. Bom at Stepney, 1073. Died 1754. Physician, and author of a celebrated work upon Poisons. Studied abroad, and took his degree at Padua. Succeeded Dr. Kadcliffe as the most renowned physician of the day. He devoted his wealth to the collection of books, pictures, and antiquities, and bequeathed the greater part of his valuable library to the College of Physicians. He was the author also of some papers elucidating the Greek coins struck in honour of physicians, and tending to explain the early liis- tory of medicine. Upon this subject he had a controversy with Dr. Conyers Middleton. Dr. Mead was physician to King George II. and Queen Caroline. In the background of the picture may be seen a statue of yEsculapius and the bronze bust of a Greek poet now hi the British Museum. Painted by Allan Ramsay. Signed A. Kamsay, 1740. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1857. 20 ( 20 . ) JOSEPH NOLLEKENS, R.A. Born in London, 1737. Died 1823. An eminent sculptor, son of a sculptor of Antwerp, and pupil of Scheemakers. Having received honours from the Society of Arts, he proceeded to Ivome in 1760, where he modelled the busts of his countrymen Sterne and Garrick. These gained him an immediate celebrity. Nollekens resided ten years in Italy, and applied himself to the restoration and sale of antique sculptures. His best monument is perhaps the one to Mrs. Howard of Corby Castle. The statue of Pitt at Cambridge ranks also as one of his principal works. Nollekens frequently repeated the bust of Fox, which it may be observed he is here represented as holding. Painted by L. F. Abbot. Engraved by J. Vendramini, 1816. Presented by the Right lion. Henry Labouciiere, M.P., February, 1858. ( 21 .) ELIZABETH HAMILTON, Comtesse de Grammont. Surnamed La Belle Hamilton, and the heroine of the “ M6- moires de Grammont.” Daughter of Sir George Hamilton, son of the first Earl of Abercorn. Married to Philibert Comte de Grammont, 1608. Died about 1708. A copy after Lely by JEckardt. From Strawberry Hill, where it was sold for 73 1. 10s., No. 103 of 20th day’s sale, in 1842. Purchased by the Trustees, July, 1857. ( 22. ) HENRY IRETON. Bom in Nottinghamshire, 1G10. Died 1651. One of Cromwell’s Generals, and his son-in-law. Studied at Trinity College, Oxford, with a view to the legal profession. I lis true bent, however, was for the army ; and this lie followed by joining the Parliamentary forces when the civil war broke out. He married the eldest daughter of Oliver Cromwell 1 046, and highly distinguished himself at the battle of Naseby and on other occasions. During the Commonwealth he became Lord Deputy of Ireland, and died of the plague at Limerick. Clarendon (vol. vi. p. 467) describes him as taciturn, reserved, uncommunicative, and as being “never diverted from any resolution he had taken.” Painted by Walker. Formerly in the Lenthall Collection. Purchased by the Trustees, March, 1858. 23 ( 23 . ) ABRAHAM COWLEY. Bom 1618. Died 1G67. Poet and dramatist, the son of a grocer, born in Fleet-street, and educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. At the age of fifteen he published a volume called “ Poetic Blossoms.” After taking liis degree of M.A., he quitted Cambridge for Oxford, where he entered St. John’s College. Lord Jennyn (afterwards Earl of St. Alban’s) appointed Cowley his secretary, and employed him chiefly in decipher- ing the correspondence of the King and Queen. lie followed her Majesty to Paris in 1 640, and remained there ten years. Cowley studied medicine, and obtained the degree of M.D. at Oxford in 1G57. On the death of Cromwell he returned to France, but came back to England at the time of the Restoration. He Mas one of the earliest members of the Royal Society, and is mentioned as Dr. Cowley among their experimental philosophers. He died at Chertsey in Surrey, and Mas buried in Westminster Abbey, near Chaucer and Spenser. His chief M orks were miscellanies, odes, books of plants, and the “ Davideis.” Painted by Mi's. Beale. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1851). 24 ( 24 .) JOHN SELDEN. Born 1584. Died 1G54. Of Selden, his friend Ben Jonson was wont to say that he was “Monarch in letters.” In the same strain Anthony Wood declares that “ he was usually styled the great Dic- tator of learning of the English nation. He was a great philologist, antiquary, herald, linguist, statesman, and what not.” Selden was born at Salvington, near Worthing. He was educated at Chichester, and at Hart Hall, Oxford. His legal studies commenced at Clifford’s Inn, but in 1G04 he re- moved to the Inner Temple, where he was called to the Bar. His treatise upon “Titles of Honour” appeared in l(jl4, and his “History of Tythes” in 1018. In later years Selden was distinguished among the oppo- nents of King Charles’s Government, and on the dissolution of Parliament in 1029 he was committed to the Tower. From thence he was removed to the rules of the King’s Bench. He obtained his liberty in 1634. After this period his opinions became more favourable to the Court, and he dedicated to the King his work entitled “ Mare Clausum,” written in opposition to Grotius. In 1054 he died at his house in Whitefriars, and was buried in the Temple Church. Painter unknown. Fonncrly the property of the Eev. W. Cole, who inscribed on a paper which accompanies the picture — “ This picture was sent to me June 20, 1782, from Mr. Horace Walpole, who had purchased it at the great auction of Mr. Sheldon in Worcestershire about two years before. (Signed) Wm. Cole.” Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1859. 25 ( 25 . ) GEORGE BYNG, First VISCOUNT TORRINGTON, Bom at Wrotliam, 1663. Died 1733. Entered the navy as “King’s Letter Boy,” 1G78. Captain, 1687. Commanded the Hope 70-gun ship in the battle off Beachy Head, 1690, and the Royal Oak in the action off Barfleur, 1692. Rear-Admiral, 1703 ; commanded the attack- ing squadron at the capture of Gibraltar, 1704, and a division of the fleet in the battle off Malaga, for which service he was knighted. Commanded the fleet at the taking of Alicant in 1706, Admiral -in-chief at the important victory over the Spanish fleet oft' Cape Passaro, on the coast of Sicily, in 1719. He was raised to the dignity of Baronet in 1715, and to the Peerage as Viscount Torrington in 1721. His long and brilliant career in the naval service of liis country was closed in the most honourable manner as the head of that pro- fession at home, for he was First Lord of the Admiralty at the period of his death. Painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Presented by Viscount Torrington, June, 1857. 26 ( 26 . ) RICHARD EARL HOWE, K.G. Bom 1725. Died 1799. Third son of the second Viscount Howe. He was educated at Westminster and Eton, and at the age of fourteen joined the naval service on board the Severn, one of the squadron appointed to sail under Commodore Anson in the South Seas. In 1745 he served under Admiral Vernon. In 1755 the com- mand of the Dunkirk (sixty guns) was given him, and he sailed for North America. Having joined Admiral Boscawen he captured two French vessels, the Lys and the Alcide, off Newfoundland, and it was this capture which commenced the war. Passing over many other services and distinctions, it may here suffice to state that in 1758 he succeeded, by the death of his brother, to the title of Viscount Howe in Ireland ; that in 1788 he was raised to an English Earldom ; and that being appointed in 1793 to the command of the Channel fleet on the breaking out of the war with France, he gamed, in the ensuing year, that great victory, one of the greatest in our naval annals, which is called by its date as the battle of the 1st of June. Painted (probably) by Singleton. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1859. 27 ( 27. ) WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE. Bom at Stratford-upon-Avon, 1564. Died 1616. Married at the age of eighteen, 1582, Anne Hathaway, of the neighbourhood of Stratford. In 1589 he was a joint pro- prietor in the Blackfriars Theatre, London. A mention of his play of “ Hamlet” being performed occurs in 1589. In 1593 Shakspeare dedicated his poem of “ Venus and Adonis ” to the Earl of Southampton. The first printed play of Shakspeare was “ Henry VI. (Part II.) ” in 1594. A list of several of his plays was given by Francis Meres in 1598, omitting, however, “Hamlet,” “Taming of the Shrew,” “Henry V.,” and “Othello.” “Henry V.” was produced in 1599. Unfortu- nately, with the exception of a few plays in quarto (now extreme rarities), no authorized edition of Shakspeare’s plays was printed in his lifetime. His works were first published col- lectively in one folio volume in 1G23, under the auspices of his brother managers and actors, Heminge and Condell. The frontispiece contains a portrait of the author, engraved by Droeshout. In his own plays Shakspeare used to perform the parts of the Ghost in “ Hamlet,” and Old Adam in “ As You Like It.” He died at Stratford-upon-Avon. THE CIIANDOS PICTURE. Painted on canvas. Purchased at the Stowe sale Sept. 1848 for 355 guineas, and Presented by the Earl of Ellesmere, March, 185G. “ The Chandos Shakspeare was the property of John Taylor the player, by whom or by Richard Burbage it was painted. 28 WILLIAM S H AKSrE ARE — Continued. The picture was left by the former in his will to Sir William Davenant ; after his death it was bought by Betterton the actor, upon whose decease Mr. Keck of the Temple purchased it for 40 guineas ; from whom it was inherited by Mr. Nicolls, of Minchenden House, Southgate, Middlesex, whose only daughter married James, Marquis of Caernarvon, after- wards Duke of Chandos, father to Anna Eliza, Duchess of Buckingham.” The above is written on a paper attached to the back of the canvas. A black seal with the arms of the Duke of Buckingham is also affixed. 29 ( 28 .) HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON. I Born 1573. Died 1C24. One of the most accomplished statesmen and courtiers of his day. He attached himself to the fortunes of the Earl of Essex, accompanied him in the expedition to Cadiz, 1590, and when Essex fell into disgrace with Queen Elizabeth, Southampton, as his friend and partisan, was committed to the Tower. Under James I. he was again committed to cus- tody, in consequence of some altercation with the favourite Buckingham ; and he died at last in 1024, when engaged on a military expedition in Holland. His grandfather, the first Earl, was Lord Chancellor of Henry VIII., and his son became a zealous supporter of Charles I., and was appointed Lord High Treasurer to Charles II. It is, however, as the patron of Shakspeare that the Earl of Southampton is especially to be remembered. It is stated, on the authority of Sir William Davenant, that Southampton made Shakspeare a present of a thousand pounds, to enable him to complete a favourite purchase. The poet expressed his gratitude and regard in two dedications ; the first, pre- fixed to his ‘ Venus and Adonis,’ in 1593. Painted by Mirevelt. Purchased by the Trustees, July, 1858. 30 ( 29. ) JOHN FOX. Born at Boston in Lincolnshire, 1517. Lied 1587. The Martyrologist. Elected a Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1531. At first cultivated Latin poetry, and after- wards devoted himself to divinity. Having embraced the Protestant faith, he was deprived of his Fellowship in 1545 ; but it was restored to him in the reign of Edward VI. His “ History of the Acts and Monuments of the Church ” (the Book of Martyrs) was first printed in 15G3. Painter Unknown. Presented, January 1858, by J. Y. Akerman, Esq., F.S.A., and Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 0 1 01 ( 30 .) THEODORE HOOK. Bom in London 1788. Died 1841. The father of Theodore Hook was a musical composer of con- siderable eminence. So early as 1805 the son attracted notice by the success of a small opera, “ The Soldier’s Return,” upon the stage. In 1812 he obtained, through the favour of the Prince Regent, the lucrative post of Accountant-General and Treasurer of the Mauritius, but there an alleged deficiency in his accounts gave rise to most serious charges against him. He returned to England in 1819, and ere long became the editor of the “John Bull,” contributing to that paper many satirical and liiglily applauded songs. Several graphic tales and sketches of society, whose high popularity still continues — the chief of them perhaps “ Gilbert Gurney,” and the first series of “ Sayings and Doings ” — pro- ceeded in rapid succession from his pen. Few persons have ever enjoyed a higher fame for social wit, and he is, perhaps, the only Englishman who has ever attained the art of impro- visation in poetry. Painted by Eddis. Engraved by W. Greatbatch. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1858. 32 ( 31 .) THOMAS STOTHARD, R.A. Born in London, 1755. Died 1834. Historical painter, cliiefly, however, in ornamental decoration and illustration for books. The mural paintings on the stair- case of Burghley House may be cited as a specimen of his powers on a more extended scale ; but his “ Canterbury Pilgrims,” his “Boadicea,” and his illustrations to Rogers’s Poems are perhaps the designs by which his highest popular reputation was attained. Painted by James Green. Signed and dated Jas. Green, 1830. Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1830. — No. 581 of the catalogue. Presented by J. H. Anderdon, Esq., February, 1857. Mr. Anderdon had purchased this picture at the sale of the collection of Mr. Samuel Rogers. L> 33 ( 32. ) JOHN HUNTER. Bom 1728. Died 1793. Of perhaps unrivalled fame as a surgeon and physiologist. Born in a small village near Glasgow, and the youngest son of a farmer, he remained for seventeen years without either education or any definite pursuit. An opportunity to learn cabinet-making having occurred, John Hunter spent three years in the manufacture of chairs and tables. At the age of twenty lie proceeded to London to join his brother William, who was there in practice as a surgeon. The manual skill which John Hunter had acquired as a carpenter seems to have enabled him to render his brother valuable assistance in the dissecting-room, and to have formed one of his many qualifi- cations for his own distinguished career. In 1749 he studied under Dr. Cheselden, at Chelsea Hospital ; in 1751 he went to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; and in 1708 he became surgeon to St. George’s. Gradually he formed a Museum, consisting of upwards of 10,000 preparations to illustrate com- parative anatomy, physiology, and natural history, and this Museum, after his death in 1793, was purchased by the Govern- ment for 15,000?., and presented to the College of Surgeons. Painted by John Jackson, R.A., from the portrait, whilst in a sound state, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, now in the Council Room of the College of Sur- geons. The decayed and it is feared irretrievable condition of the original picture has led the Trustees to depart in this instance from their rule to exclude modern copies. The portrait of John Hunter was engraved in two plates, one large and one small, by William Sharp. Formerly in the possession of Sir Charles Bell. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1859. 34 ( 33 . ) RIGHT HON. WILLIAM HUSKISSON. Born 1770. Died 1830. Visited Paris in his fourteenth year, and was present at the taking of the Bastille. He distinguished himself by a pamphlet against the adoption of paper money in France in 1790, and in the same year was appointed Private Secretary to Earl Gower, the English Minister at Paris. In 1792 he accom- panied Lord Gower to England, and resided with him at Wimbledon. There he enjoyed frequent opportunities of meeting Mr. Pitt and Mr. Dundas. The latter statesman appointed him his Under Secretary of State for War and the Colonies early in 1795. He became successively Secre- tary of the Treasury in 1804, Chief Commissioner of Woods and Forests 1814, President of the Board of Trade and Treasurer of the Navy 1827, Secretary for the Colonies 1827 ; but he resigned that post under the administration of the Duke of Wellington in 1829. In his commercial views he may be regarded as one of the founders of free trade. His useful and eminent career was suddenly closed by a fatal accident at the opening of the Liverpool and Man- chester Bail way, September, 1830. Painted by R. Rothwell. A replica of the portrait in the possession of Lord Hatherton, and engraved in mezzotint by Thomas Hodgetts. Exhibited at the Boyal Academy in 1831. — No. 82 of the catalogue. Purchased by the Trustees, November, 1857. d 2 35 ( 34 . ) JAMES, First EARL STANHOPE. Born at Paris, 1673. Died 1721. Commander of the British army in Spain during the latter years of the War of the Succession. In 1708 he reduced Port Mahon, annexing to our dominion the island of Minorca. In 1710 he gained the battles of Alinenara and Saragossa, and led the Archduke Charles (or, as he was termed by the British party, King Charles III. of Spain) in triumph to Madrid. But the spirit of the people in the Castilles proved altogether hostile, and General Stan- hope, in conjunction with Marshal Staremberg, found it necessary to commence their retreat to Aragon in the midst of winter. In January, 1711, Stanhope being pursued and attacked by the French under the Duke de Vendome, was compelled to surrender at Brihuega, and he remained in captivity until the conclusion of the Peace of Utrecht. During the reign of George the First he tilled in succession the offices of Secretary of State and First Lord of the Trea- sury, and had the principal direction of Foreign affairs, and he was still in office at the period of his early death. He was first raised to the Peerage as Viscount Stanhope of Mahon in 1717, and was promoted to an Earldom in the following year. Painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Presented by Eaul Stanhope, March, 1857. 36 ( 35 . ) JOHN SMEATON. Bom 1724. Died 1792. ivil Engineer, was born at Austhorpe near Leeds; liis father being an attorney of that place. John Smeaton, who had early shown an aptitude for mathematical pursuits, com- menced business as a mathematical instrument maker in Holborn. In 1753 he became a member of the Royal Society, and attracted the notice of the President, the Earl of Macclesfield, who recommended him to the proprietors of the Eddystone Lighthouse as the best engineer whom they could employ to rebuild the wooden one that had recently been burnt. Smeaton’ s lighthouse, erected upon principles which have been explained by himself in a work published the year before his death, was completed in 1759. Among his numerous other undertakings may be mentioned the great canal in Scotland, and, his last public work, the harbour at Ramsgate. He died at liis birthplace, to which lie had retired during the last nine years of his life. The Eddystone Lighthouse is represented, to the left, in the back-ground of the picture. Painter unhioivn. This picture was presented by Mrs. Dixon, the daughter of Smeaton, to the late Sir Richard Sullivan, Bart. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1859. 37 ( 36 . ) WARREN HASTINGS. Bom 1732. Died 1818. The first Governor-General of India. Descended from a reduced branch of the ancient house of Hastings. Having received a liberal education at Westminster School, he went out in 1750 as a writer in the Company’s service, to push his fortune in India. On his arrival in Bengal, he dis- tinguished himself by an earnest application to his public duties, and was entrusted with many honourable commercial and political employments. After fourteen years’ residence he returned to England, and in 1769 was appointed second in council at Madras. In 1772 he became President of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and in 1774 attained the high position of Governor-General of all British India. He continued in that post until 1785 ; but shortly after his return to England was impeached by the House of Commons for various acts of his government. The trial of Warren Hastings, held in Westminster Hall, continued for nine years. He was acquitted by a large majority on every separate article charged against him, April 23, 1795. From this period he retired into private life, residing at Daylesford in Worcestershire, upon an estate which had formerly belonged to his family, and which, at an early period of his career, he had determined to repurchase. A few years before his death he was raised to the dignity of a Privy Councillor. Painter unbiown. This picture was presented by Warren Hastings to the late Sir Richard Sullivan, Bart. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1859. 38 ( 37. ) CARDINAL WOLSEY. Born at Ipswich, 1471. Died 1540. Studied at Magdalen College, Oxford, and took his degree at the age of fifteen. Entering the priesthood at the legal age, he was promoted in 1508 to the Deanery of Lincoln. Fox, Bishop of Winchester, introduced Wolsey to the young King Henry VIII. ; and so rapidly did he rise in the favour of his Sovereign that he became Archbishop of York in 1514, and in 1515 he succeeded Archbishop Warham as Chancellor. In the latter year he was also promoted by the Pope to the djgnity of Cardinal. His retinue surpassed that of royalty itself. York Place (now Whitehall), his chief residence, was furnished with the greatest splendour. He built Hampton Court Palace, which he afterwards presented to the King his master, and founded Christchurch College, Oxford, which was first known by the name, derived from himself, of “ Cardinal’s College.” But a revolution at last suddenly deprived him of power. His goods were seized ; and on his way from York to London to meet his trial, he fell sick at Leicester, and expired, November, 1530, in a monastery of that city. Painted on panel. Painter Unknown. This picture was formerly at Weston in Warwickshire, the seat of the Sheldon family. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 1858. 39 ( 38 .) ARTHUR MURPHY. Bora 1727. Died 1805. Born at Boscommon in Ireland. Began life as a merchant, and started the “ Gray’s Inn Journal ” in 1752. Altered his views in life, and appeared on the stage in 1754 ; but re- nounced the theatrical profession after a trial of two seasons. He subsequently devoted himself to the study of the law, and succeeded in obtaining admission to the Society of Lincoln’s Inn. A lucrative appointment of Commissioner of Bankrupts was afterwards conferred upon him by the favour of Lord Loughborough. # His most successful plays were “ The Way to Keep Him,” and “ Three Weeks after Marriage.” His translation of Tacitus is held in very high esteem : it was published in 1793. Painted by Nathaniel Dance , R.A. Engraved in mezzotinto by TV. Ward, 1805. Painted for a member of Mr. Thrale’s family, and a repeti- tion of the picture formerly at Streatham. Purchased by the Trustees, March, 1857. 40 ( 39 . ) KING JAMES VI. OF SCOTLAND, (AFTERWARDS JAMES I. OF ENGLAND.' Bom 1566. Died 1625. The young King is represented full length, life size, stand- ing with a hawk and bells on his left wrist, and his right hand resting on his hip. On the background is inscribed, — IACOBVS DEI GRATIA REX SCOTORVM. AETATIS SVAE 8. 1574. On canvas ; probably painted by Federiyo Zucchero, who passed into England from Flanders in the same year (1574), after having been in the service of the Cardinal of Lorraine. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 1859. 41 ( 40 . ) MARY COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE. Died 1621. “ Underneath this sable hearse Lies the subject of all verse, Sidney’s sister, Pembroke’s mother ; Death ! ere thou hast slain another Fair and wise and good as she, Time shall throw a dart at thee.” Such is the celebrated epitaph written by Ben Jonson on the lady represented in this portrait. Her father was Sir Henry Sidney, K.G., Lord Deputy of Ireland, and Lord Pre- sident of Wales ; her mother, Lady Mary, the eldest daughter of the Duke of Northumberland. Her marriage with Henry Earl of Pembroke took place about 1576. She wrote verse with grace aud facility, and made several translations from the French. Her chief works, however, were works of piety ; “ and her virtues still went before her talents.” Her trans- lation of Philip de Mornay’s * Discourse of Life and Death,’ dated 1590, was printed in London, 1600. She also trans- lated the ‘ Tragedie of Antonie,’ London, 1600. It was for her entertainment, and whilst residing at her seat of Wilton House, that her brother, Sir Philip Sidney commenced the ‘Arcadia.’ The poem was published after his death, in 1590, under the title of ‘ The Countess of Pem- broke’s Arcadia.’ An inscription as follows will be observed in the upper right-hand comer of the picture : Martin 12, Anno Domini 1614. No Spring till now. These words have given rise to much perplexity and to several attempts at explanation : but perhaps the question may be considered as decided by an ingenious writer in the ‘Notes and Queries’ (Dr. Edward 42 MARY COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE— Continued. C. Rimbault). That gentleman has cited a contemporary tract, ‘ The Cold Yeare 1614,’ describing the extreme incle- mency of that winter; and he further adduces an extract, as follows, from the additions to Stow’s ‘ Abridgment of the English Chronicles — “The 17th of January, 1614, it began to freeze in ordi- nary manner, and the 23rd of January it began to snow, and continued freezing and snowing many days ; and upon Sun- day the 12th of February it began to snow most extremely, and continued until the 14th of February at noon, and then it abated : and for many days after it continued freezing and snowing, much or little, until the 6th or 7th of March, by means whereof much cattle perished. . . . This snow brought extreme danger to all travellers.” “ The painter,” thus continues Dr. Rimbault, “ wearied by the inclemency of the season, by the frosts and snows of months, records, when he had finished his task, the welcome approach of spring: ‘No Spring till now.’ The frost broke up on the 7tli of March, and the picture was finished on the 12th, when the snow had gradually disappeared.” Another writer in the ‘Notes and Queries’ further sug- gests, “ Might not the painter take advantage of the melting of the ice and snow to pay a well-turned compliment to ‘ Sidney’s sister, Pembroke’s mother ? ’ There had been only gloom till she appeared — no spring till then.” Painter unknown. From the ancient mansion of Holme Lacy, Herefordshire, the seat of the Scudamore family. Painted on oak panel, composed of three planks joined vertically. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 1859. 43 ( 41 . ) JOHN KNOX. Born 1505. Died 1572. The great apostle of the Scottish Reformation was born of obscure parents in East Lothian. He entered the Univer- sity of St. Andrew’s about 1524, and was admitted into priest’s orders before the usual age. It would be difficult within these limits to attempt any sketch of his theological or political career. A graphic account of his preaching towards the close of his life has been recorded by an eye-witness, James Melville, Mi- nister of Austruther, as cited in Robertson’s History. “ He was very weak. I saw him eveiy day of his doctrine go hulie (slowly) and fair with a furring of marticks about his neck, a staff in the one hand, and good godlie Richart Bal- lenden holding him up by the oxter (under the arm), from the abbey to the parish kirk ; and he the said Richart and another servant lifted him up to the pulpit, where he behoved to lean at his first entrie ; but ere he was done with his sermon, he was so active and vigorous, that he was like to ding the pulpit in blads (beat the pulpit to pieces), and fly out of it.” Knox died at Edinburgh in 1572, and was buried in St. Giles’s Church. The Earl of Morton at the time of his funeral expressed his character in these few words, — “ There lies he who never feared the face of man !” Painted on Panel. Artist unbiown. Presented April 1859, by His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, K.G. 44 ( 42 . ) BISHOP HOADLEY. Bom at Westerhain in Kent, 1676. Died 1761. Successively Bishop of Bangor, Hereford, Salisbury, and Winchester. Moslieim says of liirn in his Ecclesiastical History : — “ Dr. Benjamin Hoadley, a prelate eminently distin- guished by the accuracy of his judgment and the purity of his manly and flowing eloquence, used his utmost endea- vours, and not without success, to lower the authority of the Church, or at least to reduce the power of its rulers within narrow bounds.” His first preferment was the rectoiy of St. Peter’s le Pool’, Broad Street ; his next that of Streatham, to which he was presented by Mrs. Howland. In the reign of George I. he was raised to the Bishopric of Bangor. At this time arose the celebrated Bangorian Controversy as it was called, from Bishop Hoadley. His first wife was Miss Curtis, a professional artist, and pupil of Mrs. Beale, a cele- brated painter. Painted by Mrs. Hoadley, and, as is believed, retouched by Hogarth. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 1858. 45 ( 43 . ) GENERAL WOLFE. Born at Westerlmm 1726. Died 1759. James Wolfe was the son of a retired officer in the British army. Entering the military service at an early age, he was present at the battles of Lafeldt and Minden, and displayed such discretion and judgment during the conduct of the expe- dition against Rochefort, that he was selected by Mr. Pitt, in defiance of all rules of seniority, to command in North Ame- rica. In 1758 Wolfe joined Boscaw'en and Amherst in the reduction of Louisbourg, and on his return the following year was at once intrusted with an expedition against Quebec, at that time the capital of the French in Canada. On the 13th of September the English had made them- selves masters of the heights of Abraham, which commanded the town, and after a most gallant contest the French gave way. Montcalm, their commander, was killed; and Wolfe also, being severely wounded, expired on the field in the very moment of victory. His body was brought to England, and interred at Greenwich. This picture had formed part of the Royal Collection, and belonged to Her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte. Painter unknown. Presented by Ilis Majesty the Xing of the Belgians, July, 1858. lb ( 44 .) LORD CHANCELLOR TALBOT. Bom 1684. Died 1737. Charles Talbot, afterwards Lord Chancellor, was a descendant of the first and ancestor of the present Earl of Sln-ewsbury. His father was Bishop of Durham. He was born 10S4, and entered Oriel College 1701. In 1705 he was elected Fellow of All Souls, and was entered of the Inner Temple in 1707. On the accession of George I. he was returned to the House of Commons as member for Tregony, and in 1717 received the appointment of Solicitor-General to the Prince of Wales. In 1733 the Great Seal was entrusted to him as Lord Chancellor, and he was raised to the peerage as Lord Talbot. His untimely death in 1737 was a matter of regret and concern to all parties, for all had appreciated his great talents, his rising fame, and his most winning gentleness of manners. Pope speaks of him as of one “unspoiled by wealth,” and Thomson celebrates his memory in the following lines : — “ Placed on the seat of justice, there he reigned In a superior sphere of cloudless day, A pure intelligence. No tumult there, No dark emotion, no intemperate heat, No passion e’er disturbed the clear serene That round him spread.” Painted by Richardson. The head engraved by Honbraken. Presented by the Hon. Mrs. John Talbot, May, 1858. 47 ( 45 . ) ADMIRAL BOSCAWEN. Bom 1711. Died 1761. The Hon. Edward Boscawen was a younger son of the first Viscount Falmouth, and, from the failure of the elder branches, ancestor of the present Peer. He served in the Navy from his early youth, and in 1740 distinguished himself at the reduction of Porto Bello and the attack of Carthagena. In the ensuing year he was elected Member of Parliament for Truro. Sailing for India in 1747, he conducted the siege of Pondicherry, and recovered Madras from the French. But the two great exploits of his life were the reduction of Louis- bourg in 1758, and in 1759 the brilliant victory over the French fleet in the bay of Lagos. Dying in 1761, he was interred in the church of St. Michael, Penkevel, in Cornwall. Painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. Presented by Viscount Falmouth, June, 1858. ( 46 . ) ANTHONY, First EARL OF SHAFTESBURY. h Bom 1(521. Died 1683. / Born at Wimborne St. Giles, Dorsetshire, son of Sir John Cooper, Bart. ; studied at Exeter College, Oxford ; and in 1(538 became a student of law at Lincoln’s Inn. His zealous services towards the Restoration in 1660 were rewarded by the King with the governorship of the Isle of Wight, and elevation to the peerage as Lord Ashley of Wimborne St. Giles. In 1672 he was raised to the further rank of Earl of Shaftesbury, and to the post of Chancellor. Dryden’s fine character of him as a judge, in his ‘ Absalom and Achitophel,’ is familiar to every reader of English poetry : — “ In Israel’s courts ne’er sat an Abethdin With more discerning eyes, or hands more clean ; Unbribed, unsought, the wretched to redress, Swift of despatch, and easy of access.” His versatile but always most able and active politics were conspicuous in nearly all the transactions of this reign. Find- ing himself unable to make any further stand against the Court, Shaftesbury fled to Holland, and died at Amsterdam in 1683. Painted by John Greenhill, a pupil of Sir Peter Lely. Walpole mentions in his ‘ Anecdotes of Painting,’ that the Earl, when Chancellor, went to Verelst to have his portrait painted ; but being disgusted by his rudeness, sat to Greenhill instead. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 1859. K 49 ( 47 . ) SIR ROBERT WALPOLE. (AFTERWARDS EARL OF ORFORD.) Bom 1676. Died 1745. Among the most eminent of our great Parliamentary leaders. He was born at Houghton in Norfolk, and educated at Eton and Xing’s College, Cambridge. So early as 1708 we find him Secretary-at-War, and in 1710 one of the managers at the trial of Hr. Saeheverell. But it was in 1722, after the deaths of Stanhope and of Sunderland, that he attained the highest power in the Administration, and he continued in office with high success and just renown as First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, until “ the great Walpolean battle” (as it is termed by Junius) of 1742. Upon his retirement he was created Earl of Orford, but is best known to posterity by the title which he bore as Minister. In 1725 he had received the Order of the Bath, and in 1726 the Order of the Garter, being one of the very few com- moners in modern times who have ever been invested with the latter. “ Seen him I have, but in his happier hour Of social pleasure, ill exchanged for power ; Seen him uncumbcred with the venal tribe, Smile without art, and win without a bribe.” Such is the pleasing character which Pope has drawn of Walpole in private life. Painted by John B. Van Loo in 1740 for Lord Bessborough, udio presented it to Lord Walpole in 1785. It was long preserved in Wolterton House, and stands as No. 1015 in the Catalogue of Sale in 1850. Purchased by the Trustees, March, 1 859. 50 ( 48. ) WILLIAM PULTENEY, EARL OF BATH. Bora 1682. Died 1764. He received his education at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, and entered Parliament as Member for Hedon in the reign of Queen Anne. Under George I. and George II. he was during many years distinguished as a most able and eloquent party-leader — as the chief in fact of the opposition against Sir liobert Walpole. On the fall of Walpole in 1741, Pulteney refused the Premiership, but accepted a Peerage as Earl of Bath. “ The nation,” writes Lord Chesterfield, “ looked upon him as a deserter, and he shrunk into insignificancy and an Earldom.” Not many years before Pope had coupled him with Chesterfield in some of his happiest strains of panegyric — “ How can I Pulteney, Chesterfield forget, While Roman spirit charms, or Attic wit?” Lord Bath died 17fi4, at the age of eighty-two. It appears from the notice on a contemporary print that this portrait was painted in 1757. Painted by Reynolds ( aftenvards Sir Joshua). Engraved by MacArdell, and S. W. Reynolds. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1858. F. 2 51 ( 49 . ) WILLIAM PETTY, EARL OF SHELBURNE, (AFTERWARDS FIRST MARQUESS OF LANSDOWNE.) Born 1737. Died 1805. One of the foremost statesmen of his time. In early life he served as a volunteer under Prince Ferdinand. Subsequently he was distinguished by the confidence and friendship of the great Lord Chatham, in whose administration of 1706 Lord Shelburne filled the office of Secretary of State. His removal from office in the autumn of 1708 by Lord Chatham’s colleagues was one main motive for Lord Chatham’s own resignation which ensued. For many years Lord Shelburne continued one of the principal and most eloquent adversaries of Lord North in the House of Peers. On the fall of Lord North in 1782, he became Secretary of State under Lord Rockingham ; and on the death of Lord Rockingham, a few months afterwards, he was himself named Prime Minister ; but his administration endured no longer than the month of April following. In 1784 he was created Marquess of Lansdowne, but he was never again appointed to any public employment, and his concluding years were in a great mea- sure devoted to the pursuits of art and literature. Painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. The duplicate of the picture engraved in Lodge's Portraits. Presented by his son, the Marquess of Lansdowne, June, 1858. 02 ( • r '0. ) RICHARD CUMBERLAND. Bora 1732. Died 1811. Born in the lodge of Trinity College, Cambridge, and grand- son of Dr. Richard Bentley. In 1760, when the Earl of Halifax went to Ireland as Lord-Lieutenant, Cumberland accompanied him as his pri- vate Secretary. In 1775 he became Secretary to the Board of Trade, and was intrusted with a special mission to the Court of Spain in 1780. The closing years of his life were spent in retirement at Tunbridge Wells. His best plays are commonly considered “The Jew” and “The Wheel of Fortune,” and his chief essays and translations were pub- lished in a periodical called “ The Observer.” He also replied with success to a pamphlet by Dr. Parr, entitled “ A Sequel,” &c. Painted by Romney. Lately in the possession of the Lady Albinia Cumberland. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1857. 58 ( 51 . ) SIR FRANCIS BURDETT, Bart. Bom 1770. Died 1844. Entering Parliament for the first time in 1796 as Member for Boroughbridge, and afterwards for Middlesex, lie speedily attained high distinction as an orator in the foremost Opposi- tion ranks. Lord Byron, writing in 1813, expresses his admi- ration of Burdett’s “ sweet and silvery ” tones, and adds that he seemed to be “ the greatest favourite ” in the House of Commons. Sir Francis was wounded in a duel with Mr. James Pauli, 1807, on Wimbledon Common, and returned for Westminster by a great majority immediately afterwards. On the publi- cation of a letter in 1810, in Cobbett’s “ Political Register,” denying the power of the House to imprison delinquents, he was committed to the Tower, and remained in confinement nearly three months — the last of its long series of state pri- soners. He declined standing for Westminster at the general election in 1837, but was returned for Wiltshire, and retained his seat for that county till his death in 1844. Painted by Phillips in 1834. Presented by Ins daughter, Miss Burdett Coutts, April, 1858. 54 ( 52. ) WILLIAM SHARP. Bom in London, 1749. Died at Chiswick, 1824. A line-engraver of the highest eminence. Some of his prin- cipal works are “ The Doctors of the Church,” after Guido ; “Portrait of John Hunter,” after Sir Joshua Reynolds; the “ Head of the Saviour crowned with Thorns,” after Guido ; and “St. Cecilia,” after Domeniehino. He also engraved the “ Three Views of the Head of Charles I.,” after Vandyck ; “ The Sortie made by the Garrison of Gibraltar,” after Turn- bull ; and the “ Siege and Relief of Gibraltar,” after Copley. The plate of the “Three Marys,” after Annibal Carracci, was left unfinished at the time of his decease. He was a follower of “ Brothers the prophet,” and in after years also of Joanna Southcott. Of both these he made engravings. Painted by Lonsdale. Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1823. — No. 82 of the catalogue. Purchased by the Trustees, January, 1858. ( 53 . ) BISHOP WARBURTON. Born at Newark, 1698. Died 1779. His first studies were directed to the law, and for some years lie practised as an attorney. But altering liis views, and taking Holy Orders, lie became distinguished as one of the ablest controversial writers of his time. He is to be mentioned above all as author of “ The Divine Legation of Moses,” which first appeared in 1738. He was first raised to the Episcopal Bench in 1759 (as Bishop of Gloucester), and is also well known as the friend and commentator of Pope. His edition of Pope’s works was published in 1751. Painted by Ch. Phillips. Enqraved in mezzotinto by Th. Burford. Purchased by the Trustees, December, 1857. ( 54 . ) EIGHT HON. WILLIAM WINDHAM. Born 1750. Died 1810. The son of Colonel Windham, of Felbrigg in Norfolk. Educated at Eton and at University College, Oxford. lie was elected by his neighbours at Norwich to represent them in Parliament, and ere many years elapsed became one of the most applauded and distinguished speakers in the House. In 1782 he went to Ireland as Secretary to the Lord-Lieu- tenant. In 1794 he was one of that Whig section which under the Duke of Portland joined the administration of Mr. Pitt, on which occasion he was appointed Secretary-at-War. Under Mr. Addington’s ministry Mr. Windham took a very prominent part in opposing the Peace of Amiens. In con- sequence he lost his seat for Norwich in the following year, but found a refuge in the small borough of St. Mawes. On the death of Mr. Pitt he became Secretary of State for the War Department. His death was occasioned by his exertions to save Mr. North’s library during a fire in Conduit Street, 1810. 57 Painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1858. ( 55 . ) WILLIAM WILBERFORCE. Born 1759. Died 1833. A native of Hull, and the descendant of an ancient family in Yorkshire. In 1770 he entered St. John’s College, Cam- bridge, and there first commenced that intimate friendship with Mr. Pitt which continued through then- lives. His ambition to represent his native town was gratified by his election soon after he had attained the age of twenty-one. When Pitt became Prime Minister in 1783, Wilberforce, being entirely in his confidence, exerted himself strenuously to support the new administration. In 1784, after an arduous contest, he was elected county member for Yorkshire. Early in 1787 he actively promoted the establishment of a Reformation Society, and obtained a Royal proclamation against vice and immorality. He asso- ciated himself with Granville Sharpe and Thomas Clarkson to procure the abolition of the slave-trade, and became the par- liamentary leader of that great cause. On this subject, as on many others, his eloquence was greatly and by all parties admired. A work composed by him, and entitled * Practical View of the Prevailing Religious System of Professed Chris- tians,’ as published in 1797, had an immense circulation, and was translated into several languages. In 1812 he resigned his seat for the county, and in 1825 his declining health forced him to retire from public life. He died in Cadogan Place, 1833. Painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.li.A. — ( unfinished ). Presented by the Executors of Sir Robert Harry Inglis, Part., February, 1857. 58 ( ) JOSEPH WRIGHT. Bora at Derby, 1734. Died 1797. An eminent painter both of figure and landscape, commonly known as Wright of Derby, having been, since his return from his travels, a constant resident in that town. Many of his portraits are to be found scattered about in country houses, and are distinguished by great merits. While in Italy he had the opportunity to observe an eruption of Mount Vesuvius, which is believed to have left a permanent impression on his mind ; for, from this period, firelight subjects became the artist’s favourite themes, and he painted eruptions, thunderstorms, the Girandola (the great display of fireworks) from the Castle of St. Angelo at Rome, and the Siege of Gibraltar, with great success. Two other subjects of this class, “ the Academy of Artists drawing by Lamplight,” and “ a Blacksmith’s Forge,” have both been engraved. In 1785 there was an exhibition of his works in the Piazza, Covent Garden. Painted by Himself. Presented by W. M. Rossetti, Esq., February, 1858. 59 ( 57 . ) ELIZABETH CARTER. Born at Deal in Kent, 1717. Died 180G. An eminent Greek and Italian scholar. The translator of Epictetus, and a contributor to Dr. Johnson’s “ Ivambler.” Her father, Dr. Nicholas Carter, was also remarkable for his attainments in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages. Elizabeth Carter translated from the Italian Algarotti’s “ Explanation of Newton’s Philosophy, &c. from the French Crousaz’s “ Strictures on Pope’s Essay on Man.” Her learned pursuits did not preclude her attention to more feminine accomplishments and the study of music. Drawn in crayons in 1788 or 1789 by Thomas Lawrence. This picture was bequeathed by Mrs. Frances Bowdler to Mrs. Carter Smith, niece of Elizabeth Carter, from whom it was purchased by the Trustees, January 1858. ( 58 . ) JAMES, Second DUKE OF ORMOND. Born 1665. Died 1745. Son of the Earl of Ossory, and grandson of the great Duke of Ormond, whom he succeeded both in his titles and as Chan- cellor of the University of Oxford in 1G88. The young Duke, together with Prince George of Denmark, early espoused the cause of William Prince of Orange. Subsequently he dis- tinguished himself at the battle of the Boyne, and accom- panied King William to Flanders. During the reign of Queen Anne, Ormond commanded the expedition which attempted Cadiz and reduced Vigo, in 1702. In 1703 he became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; and in 1712 suc- ceeded the Duke of Marlborough as Commander-in-chief of the army in Flanders. Upon the accession of George I. and the restoration of Marlborough, he was impeached of high treason in the House of Commons in 1715, and hastily with- drew into France. There he openly attached himself to the cause of the exiled Stuarts; and he continued in exile, re- siding for the most part at Avignon, until his death in 1745. His remains were interred in Westminster Abbey. Painted by M. Dahl. Engraved in mezzotinto by Simon, and, with variations in oval, by S. Gribelin, 1713. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1859. til ( S9. ) ARCHBISHOP WAKE. Born at Blandford, 1657. Died at Lambeth, 1737. Educated at Christ Church, Oxford. Rector of St. James’s, Westminster, 1694; Dean of Exeter, 1701;- Bishop of Lincoln, 1705 ; and succeeded Tenison as Archbishop of Canterbury, January, 1716. Author of “The Church of England and its Convocations,” and several other theolo- gical works. Celebrated especially for his controversy with Bossuet, and his project of union between the English and Gallican Churches. The arms of the Wake family, impaled with those of the A rch i episcopal See, are introduced in the background. Supposed to be painted by T. Gribson. Purchased by the Trustees, November, 1857. 62 ( 60 . ) ROBERT HARLEY, EARL OF OXFORD AND MORTIMER. Born 1661. Died 1724. Born in London 1661. His father, Sir Edward Harley, Bart., despatched him with a troop of horse to the Prince of Orange on his landing in 1688. Afterwards pursuing the study of the law, and becoming a member of the House of Commons, he was chosen Speaker in 1701. Under Queen Anne in 170-1 he became Secretary of State. In 1708 Harley resigned his office ; but the Royal favour was not with- drawn from him, and, upon the dismissal of Godolphin, he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1711 he was raised to the House of Lords by the titles of Earl of Oxford and Mortimer. He was appointed Lord Higli Treasurer of the realm, and was the last who filled that ancient office, except the Duke of Shrewsbury during only a few hours in 1714. As a further mark of Royal favour Lord Oxford received the Order of the Garter in 1712. The conclusion of the Peace of Utrecht was the principal event of his administration, and on the accession of George I. both he and his late colleague Bolingbroke were impeached by the Commons. Lord Oxford was committed to the Tower, and after a long delay obtained a trial by his Peers, which ter- minated in his acquittal and discharge. The remainder of his life was spent in retirement. This portrait is from the Collection of the Hon. Miss Harley, a descendant of the Earl of Oxford. Painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1857. 68 ( 01 . ) NATHANIEL HOOKE. Died in 17G4. Author of the ‘Roman History,’ first published in 1733. Hooke also wrote a work on the Roman Senate, and translated from the French the Life of Fenelon. Of his career few particulars are known. He was the friend of Pope, and lived on terms of intimacy with the most eminent of his literary contemporaries. Hooke was employed by the Duchess of Marlborough to assist her in drawing up the “Account of the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough from her first coming to Court,” which was published in her 82nd year. In his letter upon the presentation of this picture, Lord Boston states, “This gentleman died at Cookham, Berks, near my residence, Hedsor, and although a Roman Catholic, lies buried, as well as his only daughter and child, in Hedsor Churchyard. My grandfather, who was his personal friend, erected a marble tablet there, with a Latin inscription to his memory ; and the portrait I fancy was left to him as a mark of regard.” Painted by Bartholomew Dandridge, whose name is inscribed upon the picture. Presented by Lord Boston, March, 1859. (il ( 62 . ) SIB WILLIAM WYNDHAM, Bart. Born 1687. Died 1740. Educated at Eton and at Christ Church, Oxford. The heir of an ancient family and large estate, he was chosen to represent his native county of Somerset in Parliament. In 1711 he became Secretary-at-War, and in 1713 Chancellor of the Exchequer. But on the death of Queen Anne his Tory principles exposed him to the suspicion of Jacobite con- spiracy. He was apprehended at his country seat, and brought up as a prisoner to London ; but the influence of his father-in- law, the l)uke of Somerset, shielded him from further pro- ceedings. Subsequently he distinguished himself as one of the most eloquent and persevering opponents of Sir Robert Walpole. Pope thus celebrates him in his list of Worthies — “ Or Wyndham, just to freedom and the throne, The master of our passions and his own.” Epilogue to the Satires, Dial. ii. Painted by Highmore. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1857. F ( 63 . ) WILLIAM, First EARL CADOGAN. Died 1726. As Brigadier he distinguished himself at the battle of Blen- heim, and at the forcing of the French lines near Tirlemont. Attaining the rank of Major-General, he served through the following campaigns in Flanders, being always fore- most in the confidence and friendship of the Duke of Marlborough. He commanded the army in Scotland at the close of the insurrection of 1715. Next year he was raised to the Peerage as Lord Cadogan, and was promoted to an Earl- dom in 1718 ; and at the death of his illustrious chief, the Duke of Marlborough, in 1722, he became Commander-in- Chief. Painted by Laguerre. From Shotover. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1857. ( 64. ) THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE. Bom 1796. Died 1817. Only child of the Prince of Wales (afterwards King George the Fourth), and heiress-presumptive to the Throne. Born at Carlton House 1796. In 1815 Her Boyal Highness first appeared publicly at Court, and an union was proposed for her with the Prince of Orange; but her own choice having fallen on Prince Leopold, third brother of the reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg, she was married to him May 2nd, 1816. In November of the following year her sudden and unexpected death in child-birth plunged the nation into mourning. Never in our annals has any public event been the cause of more genuine and general grief. Painted by George I>awe, It. A. This picture was the first one painted from the life, and remained in the painter’s possession until his death. Purchased by the Trustees from the nephew of the painter, July, 1858. f 2 67 ( 65 . ) SPEAKER LENTHALL. Born 1591. Died 1662. Born at Henley-upon-Thames, 1591. Entered a Commoner at Alban Hall, Oxford, and studied law at Lincoln’s Inn. Elected in 1639 to represent Woodstock during the Long Parliament, and chosen Speaker, which office he filled until Cromwell dismissed the Parliament in 1653. After the death of the Protector, Lenthall (who resided in the Speaker’s house, then in Chancery Lane) reassembled the Parliament, December 26th, 1659. In the ensuing month of February, however, the members of the Long Parliament dissolved themselves ; and on the Restoration Lenthall retired into private life until his death in 1662. Painter Unknown. Inscription on the picture in comparatively modern letters : — “ The Eight Hon bUl William Lenthall, “ Speaker of the Hon bl8 House of Commons, “ January 4th, 1642.” This picture was originally at Burford Priory, the seat of the Lenthall family. Purchased by the Trustees, April, 1857. ( 66 . ) LORD CLIVE. Bom 1725. Died 1774. The founder of the British empire in India was born near Market Drayton in Shropshire, 1725. His father having obtained for liim a writership in the East India Company’s service, and in the Presidency of Madras, he reached his des- tination in 1744. Three years later he received an Ensign’s commission, and took an active part both at the siege of Pon- dicherry and at the taking of Devi Cottali in Tanjore. In 1751, being promoted to the rank of Captain, he com- menced a series of operations against Chuuda Sahib as Nabob of Arcot, and against the French as auxiliaries. His con- quest and defence of Arcot are especially renowned. He returned to England to recruit his health in 1753, but two years later went again to India as Governor of Fort St. David, with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel in the British army. In 1757 he recovered Calcutta from the hands of Surajah Dowlah, and on the 23rd of June of that year gained the great battle of Plassey. It was under the title of “ Baron Clive of Plassey ” that some years later he was raised to the Irish peerage. The third command of Clive in India began in 1765, and continued for three years, during which he signalised himself most highly by his conduct of civil affairs and his system of reforms. But his health, both of body and mind, had been undermined by his exertions, and by the bitter attacks in Parliament to which his Indian career subsequently exposed him. He died by his own hand at his house in Berkeley Square, 1774. Painted by Dance. Purchased by the Trustees, May, 1858. 69 ( 67 . ) LORD CHANCELLOR JEFFREYS. Bom in Denbighshire, 1648. Died in the Tower, 1689. The name of Jeffreys has become almost proverbial in this country for an unjust and cruel Judge. In this portrait he is represented in his robes as Recorder of London, a post to which he was appointed in 1678. Born of Welsh parents, he had been educated successively at Shrewsbury Grammar School, at St. Paul’s, London, and at Westminster under Dr. Busby. In 1663 he had been admitted a member of the Inner Temple. Even before his Becordership his n ay to Court favour had been secured by his appointment as Solicitor to the Duke of York, 1677, soon after which he received the honour of knighthood. In 1679 he became Chief Justice of Chester, King’s Sergeant in 1680. The trial of Algernon Sydney in 1683 was the commencement of Ins career as Chief Justice of the King’s Bench. He became a Privy Councillor, and was raised to the peerage as Baron Jeffreys of Wem, 1685. The notorious “ campaign in the West ” occurred this year, and was immediately followed by his appointment as Lord Chancellor, September 1 685. Being involved in the fall of his Royal Master in 1688, and justly obnoxious to popular indignation, he concealed himself in disguise in Wapping ; but being recognised by one who had encountered his frown on the Bench, he was conveyed to the Tower, where he expired in April, 1689. Painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Purchased by the Trustees, from a descendant of the Chancellor’s younger brother, November, 1858. 70 ( « 8 . ) WILLIAM CONGREVE. Born 1669. Died 1729. Dramatic writer and poet ; born at Bardsey Grange, near Leeds ; educated at Kilkenny, and at Trinity College, Dublin. Congreve was afterwards entered of the Middle Temple, but does not seem to have ever paid any especial attention to the law. His first dramatic attempt was ‘ The Old Bachelor,’ written at the age of nineteen, and produced at Drury Lane in 1693. It was followed by the ‘Double Dealer,’ and ‘Love for Love,’ both in 1695. Besides two other plays, and some small poetical pieces, Congreve wrote a pastoral on the death of Queen Mary, and an ode on the taking of Namur. His collected poems were published in 1710. Voltaire says of him, “ Mr. Congreve had one defect, which was his enter- taining too mean an idea of his first profession, that of a writer, though it was to this he owed his fame and fortune. He spoke of his works as of trifles that were beneath him ; and hinted to me, in our first conversation, that I should visit him upon no other footing than that of a gentleman who led a life of plainness and simplicity. I answered that had he been so unfortunate as to be a mere gentleman, I should never have come to see him.” (See Voltaire’s ‘ Letters on the English Nation.’) Painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller. From the collection of the Earl of Bessborough. No. 166 of the Sale Catalogue in 1850. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 1859. 71 ( 69 . ) SIR CHARLES BELL. Born 1774. Died 1842. A surgeon and anatomist, whose fliscoveries with regard to the system of nerves in the human frame are regarded by some as scarcely inferior to those of Harvey pertaining to the blood. Bell w r as the son of a clergyman of the Scottish Episcopal Church, and born at Edinburgh in 1774. He derived his education from the High School of that city, and by the example of his brother John, also an eminent surgeon, he devoted his attention at an early period to anatomy and physiology. In 1806 he first published his work on the ‘Anatomy of Expression,’ and in 1821 he produced his first paper on the ‘ Nervous System,’ which appeared in the Philosophical Transactions. But the most popular of all his works was his Essay on the Mechanism of the Hand, which formed one of the ‘ Bridgewater Essays.’ In 1814 Bell had been appointed surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital. The honour of knighthood was conferred on him by King William IV. on his accession in 1830. The College of Surgeons of London elected him Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, and he became for a short time Professor of Physiology at the London University College. Painted by James Tannock. Presented by Lady Beli,, March, 1850. 72 ( 70 . ) DR. EDWARD JENNER. Born 1749. Died 1823. The discoverer of the system of vaccination. He was born at Berkeley in Gloucestershire, educated at Cirencester, and apprenticed to a surgeon at Sudbury. In London he became a pupil of John Hunter, with whom he studied medicine at St. George’s Hospital. In 1773 he returned to his native village. In 1792 he obtained the degree of M.D. from the University of St. Andrews. Jenner seems to have first turned his attention towards inoculation about the year 1780, but his earliest memoir on the subject was not pub- lished till 1798. Jenner also published various papers on natural history, and especially one relating to the habits of the cuckoo. The House of Commons voted him a grant of 10,000?. in 1802 and 20,000?. in 1807, in recognition of the great benefits which the discovery of vaccination had secured to his fellow-creatures. Painted by Northcote. Presented February, 1859, by James Carhkjk Moore, Esq. 73 ( 71 . ) DAVID GARRICK. Born 1716. Died 1779. This admirable actor was born at Hereford, where his father, a Captain in the army, descended from a French family named Garrique, happened to be on a recruiting party. The boy received his education at the Grammar-school at Lichfield, whence in 1736 he set out for London in company with Samuel Johnson, who was seven years his senior. Both arrived in London with only a few pence in their pockets. After the trials of some other walks of life, Garrick adopted the stage as a profession in 1741, aud performed at Ipswich under the name of Lyddal in the tragedy of Oroonoko. In the same year he made his first appearance in London, at the Goodman’s Fields’ Theatre, October 19th, as Richard III. Of his performance in this character Pope thus wrote to Lord Orrery : — “ That young man never had his equal as an actor, and never will have a rival.” In 1742 the crowds that gathered to see him at Dublin were so great as, it was said, to produce an epidemic, and that epidemic was called in jest “ the Garrick fever.” The powers of Garrick were universal. He excelled equally in the sublimest tragedy, the most refined comedy, or the broadest farce, and, at the commencement of his career, astonished his audiences also by his agility as a harlequin. The parts in which, perhaps, he attained the greatest celebrity were the very opposite ones of Macbeth and Abel Drugger. Painted at Bath for Sir Richard Sullivan, Bart., by Robert Edge Pine. Engraved in mezzotint bv William Dickinson, and, in line, by Robert Cooper. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1859. 74 (- 72. ) PRESIDENT DUNCAN FORBES. Born 1685. Died 1747. A Scottish Judge ; born at Culloden 1685. Forbes studied at Leyden and Paris as well as at Edinburgh, and was admitted an advocate in 1709. His sendees in behalf of the Govern- ment during the Scottish Rebellion of ’15 procured him the appointment of Deputy Lord Advocate. In 1722 he was returned to Parliament for the Inverness burghs. In 1737 he became Lord President of the Court of Session. The prudent measures which Forbes adopted towards checking the Kebellion of ’45 have contributed most to secure him historical distinction, combined as they were, after the victory of Culloden, with counsels of moderation and clemency. He is said to have sunk under the disappointment of finding these unheeded. Thomson in his “Autumn” thus addresses him : — “ Thee, Forbes ! too, whom every worth attends, As Truth sincere, as weeping Friendship kind ; Thee, truly generous, and in silence great, Thy country feels thro’ her reviving arts, Plamfd by thy wisdom, by thy soul inform’d, And seldom has she known a friend like thee.” Forbes was a man of extensive literary attainments, and wrote “ Thoughts on Religion ” and “ Reflections on the Sources of Infidelity in regard to Religion.” His papers relating to the two Rebellions of ’15 and ’45 were collected and published under the name of “ The Culloden Papers,” in London, 1815. Painted probably by Aikman. Presented February, 1859, by Sir John Forbes, 31. 1). 75 ( 78 . ) THE SEVEN BISHOPS. The Seven Bishops who were committed to the Tower, June 8th, 1(388, for refusing to distribute the King’s Declaration of Indulgence for liberty of conscience, in their respective dioceses. After a trial in the Court of King’s Bench they received a verdict of acquittal, and were set at liberty amidst the greatest popular rejoicings on the 30th of June follow- ing. In the centre, on a larger scale than the rest, is placed William San croft, Archbishop of Canterbury. He suc- ceeded Archbishop Sheldon, and was consecrated 1677. Around him, in black-ring medallions, are — William Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph, consecrated 1680. Francis Turner, Bishop of Ely, consecrated 1683. Trans- lated from Rochester. Tiiomas Ken, Bishop of Bath and Wells, consecrated 1684. Jonathan Trelawney, Bishop of Bristol, son of Sir Jonathan Trelawney of Pelynt in Cornwall, consecrated 1685. Thomas White, Bishop of Peterborough, consecrated 1685. John Lake, Bishop of Chichester. Had been nominated to the Bishopric of Man by the Earl of Derby in 1682. Translated from Bristol 1685. Painter unknown. Purchased by the Trustees, June, 1859. 76 ( 74 . ) JOHN PHILIP KEMBLE. Bom 1757. Died 1823. A native of Prescot in Lancashire. His father was manager of an itinerant company of actors, performing for the most part in Staffordshire and Warwickshire. John Kemble was educated at the English College at Douay in France. He returned to England at the age of 19, and adopted the profession of the stage, first appearing in London in 1783 as Hamlet. In the ensuing years Mr. Kemble produced a series of Shakespeare’s plays with a propriety of costume and richness of decoration which had never till that time been attempted, and with an effect and energy for which his great personal advantages and refined mental cultivation eminently qualified him. The classic parts of Coriolanus, Brutus, and Cato placed him without a rival. In Richard the Third and Macbeth he was also greatly admired, while his character and conduct in society were always such as to raise the theatrical profession to a very high standard. In the year 1817 Kemble took leave of the stage, and retired to Lausanne in Switzerland, where he died in 1823. Painted about 1795 by Gilbert Stuart, a pupil of Ilopjmer. Presented by John T. Delane, Esq., July, 1858. 77 ( 75 .) ROBERT BURNS. Born 1759. Died 1796. The immortal “ Ayrshire ploughman.” He was born in a cottage which his father, William Burness, a poor gardener, had built with his own hands. The elements of learning, including also the rudiments of the French language, were imparted to young Bobert at the parish school of Dalrymple. It was in his sixteenth year that he first, as it was termed by himself, “ committed the sin of rhyme.” On his father’s decease, in absolute poverty, in 1784, Burns determined to try his fortune in .1 amaica, and in order to raise money for his passage proposed to publish his few poems by subscription. Their unexpected but most deserved success detained the poet in Scotland, and at a later period he obtained a small office as exciseman. In 1792, at the suggestion of Mr. George Thomson, then a clerk at Edinburgh, Burns composed new songs (many of them master-pieces) for a collection of Scot- tish national airs, and he continued to add to that collection until even the last month of his too brief existence. Painted by Alexander Nasmyth, and retouched by Sir Henry Raeburn. This portrait was painted for Mr. George Thomson of Edinburgh, as mentioned above. Presented by John Dillon, Esq., June, 1858. 78 ( 76 .) EIGHT HON. SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. Bom 1765. Died 1832. A native of Inverness. Studied at Aberdeen and Edinburgh, and took the degree of M.D., with the intention to practise as a physician in London ; but soon after liis arrival there, adopted another profession, and was called to the Bar by the Society of Lincoln’s Inn in 1795. His important work, the Vindicice Gallicce, had already appeared in 1791. In 1804 lie went to India as Recorder of Bombay. In 1818 the Court of Directors appointed him Professor of Law to Haileybury Col- lege ; and in 1830 he became a Commissioner for the affairs of India. Both as a speaker in Parliament, and as a con- tributor to the Edinburgh Review, be had attained high fame. He had also for some years been engaged in composing a History of the Revolution of 1688 ; and leaving this work incomplete, the fragment was published after his decease in 1834. Painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence ; Sir James being here re- presented in his robes as Recorder of Bombay. Engraved by Edward Smith. Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1804. No. 157 in the Catalogue. Presented by bis son, R. J. Mackintosh, Esq., June, 1858 79 ( 77. ) HENRY ADDINGTON, First VISCOUNT SIDMOUTH. Bom 1757. Died 1844. Bom at Reading 1757 ; the son of an eminent physician, and thence, during his subsequent administration, often sur- named “ the Doctor.” Educated at Winchester School, and at Brasenose College, Oxford. He first entered Parliament in 1784 as Member for Devizes, and in 1789, through the friendship of Mr. Pitt, was elected to succeed Mr. Grenville as Speaker of the House of Commons. On the retirement of Mr. Pitt, he undertook the formation of a new Ministry, and became First Lord of the Treasury. The Peace of Amiens was the most memorable event of liis short administration. In 1804 Mr. Pitt resumed office, and in the ensuing year Mr. Addington was raised to the Peerage as Viscount Sid- mouth. Subsequently he tilled several other offices, especially that of Secretary of State for the Home Department, which he held from 1812 until 1824, when he retired from active life, and he died at the White Lodge, Richmond Park, in 1844. Painted in watercolours by George Richmond , in 1833. Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1834. — No. 584 of the catalogue. Presented by the Executors of Sir Robert Harry Inglis, Bart., February, 1857. 80 ( 78 .) MRS. SIDDONS. Born 1755. Died 1831. By common consent the greatest tragic actress ot this country. Sarah Kemble, sister of John Philip Kemble, the subject ol the preceding portrait, was born at Brecon in South Wales, 1755. Her father introduced her when quite an infant upon the stage, and at the age of 13 she performed principally as a vocalist. When 17 she resided as companion and reader with Mrs. Greathead, of Guy’s Cliff, Warwickshire ; and in 1773 married Mr. Siddons, a young actor, with whom she returned to the stage. In 1775 she appeared in London as Portia in the ‘ Merchant of Venice,’ when Garrick was the Shylock; but she had not sufficient opportunities for the display of her genius until her re-appearance at Drury Lane in 1782 as Isabella in the ‘ Fatal Marriage.’ From that period she held command of the stage as “Tragedy Queen during a career of 36 years, terminating by her retirement in 1818. Her principal parts were Lady Macbeth, Constance in ‘ King John,’ and Lady Randolph in Home’s tragedy of ‘ Douglas.’ Mrs. Siddons died in London, 1831, aud was buried in Paddington church. Painted about 1798 by Sir William Becchey , Ii.A. This portrait was formerly in the possession of her nephew, Mr. Horace Twiss, author of the farewell address which sho spoke on leaving the stage. Presented by John T. Delane, Esq., July, 1858. G 81 ( ?»• ) JOHN DRYDEN. Born in Northamptonshire, 1631. Died 1700. A grandson of Sir Erasmus Dryden, Bart., of Canons Ashby. Dryden was educated under Dr. Busby at Westminster School, and entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his Bachelor’s degree in 1054. His earliest work of importance, ‘ Heroic Stanzas on the late Lord Protector,’ was speedily followed in 1000 by ‘ Astrea Redux,’ commemorating the Restoration of King Charles II. In 1007 he wrote ‘ Annus Mirabilis,’ and in the following year succeeded Sir William Davenant as Poet-Laureate. The contributions of the new Laureate to the stage were very numerous, and marked by all the licence of that period. Sir Walter Scott laments that the great poem which Dryden had designed on King Arthur was relinquished on their account : “ And Dryden in immortal strain Had raised the Table Round again, But that a ribald King and Court Bade him toil on to make them sport.” Both in religion and in politics Dryden followed the course of James II., and at the Revolution became incapacitated from holding any public office. His most celebrated poems bearing political allusions were ‘Absalom and Achitophel,’ which appeared in 1681, and ‘ The Hind and the Panther,’ in 1687. ‘ Alexander’s Feast,’ his admirable Ode on the Power of Music, was written ten years afterwards. He died at his house in Gerrard Street, 1700, and was buried in Poet’s Corner, Westminster Abbey. Painted on panel, probably by James Maubert, of whom an account is given in Walpole’s ‘ Anecdotes of Painting .’ Engraved , the reverse way , by Edelinck. Purchased by the Trustees, December, 1858. 82 ( 80- ) GEORGE COLMAH. Bom 1733. Died 1794. Dramatic author, son of Francis Colman, British Resident at the Court of Tuscany, and nephew of the Countess of Bath. Born at Florence, 1733. Educated at Westminster and Oxford. Studied for the law, and was called to the bar ; but, instead of pursuing that profession, he conducted a literary periodical called the ‘Connoisseur,’ and in 17G0 produced his first dramatic essay. His best and still popular comedies were the ‘Jealous Wife’ and the ‘Clandestine Marriage,’ first performed in 17G1 and 176G. He subse- quently became manager and part proprietor of Covent Garden Theatre, which he exchanged in 1777 for the Hay- market Theatre. He died 1794 as the inmate of a lunatic asylum. Painted by Gainsborough. Engraved in the ‘ British Theatre ’ by J. Hall. Purchased by the Trustees, January, 1859. 83 ( 81 .) LORD NELSON. Born 1758. Died 1805. The most glorious name in all our naval annals. Horatio Nelson was the fourth son of the Rev. Edmund Nelson, of' Burnham Thorpe, in Norfolk, where he was bom in 1758. He entered the navy as a midshipman in his twelfth year, under his uncle, Captain Suckling, of the liaisonnable, a sixty- four gun ship. In 1779 he attained*the rank of Post Cap- tain. But within the limits of this notice it is impossible even to enumerate his services. It must suffice to say that in 1798 he achieved, off Aboukir, the great victory sumamed of the Nile, over the fleet which had just conveyed the French army to Egypt. In 1801 he appeared off Copenhagen. “ Of Nelson and the North Sing the glorious day’s renown, When to battle fierce went forth All the might of Denmark’s Crown.” In 1805 Nelson encountered the French and Spanish fleets off Cape Trafalgar. His memorable signal — “England expects every man to do his duty” — will ever be connected with this last conflict of the hero. On October 21st, at 1'25, he received his death-wound by a musket-ball from the Redoutable. A public funeral was decreed him, and he was buried in St. Paul’s, January 9th, 1806. At the siege of Calvi, in 1791, Nelson lost the sight of an eye, and at Tene- riffe, in 1797, his right arm. Painted by Heinrich Fiiger, at Vienna, in 1800. The fact of Nelson sitting to this artist is mentioned in the Allgemeine Zeitung, the German newspaper of the day, 1st September, 1800. Purchased by the Trustees of Herr Moritz von Tschoffen, April, 1859. 84 NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY. SUPPLEMENT. PORTRAITS ADDED TO THE COLLECTION SINCE MIDSUMMER LAST YEAR. MARCH, 1860. LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS. 1860. When sold separately, price Two Pence. TRUSTEES OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, I 860 . THE EARL STANHOPE (Chairman). WILLIAM SMITH, ESQ. (Depoty-Chaiuman). THE LORD PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL (FOR THE TIME BEING). THE MARQUESS OF LANSDOWNE, K.G. THE LORD ELCHO, M.P. THE LORD ROBERT CECIL, M.P. THE LORD BISHOP OF OXFORD. THE RIGHT HON. SIDNEY HERBERT, M.P. THE RIGHT HON. B. DISRAELI, M.P. THE RIGHT HON. SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL LEWIS, BART., M.P. SIR FRANCIS PALGRAVE. SIR CHARLES L. EASTLAKE, P.R.A. THOMAS CARLYLE, ESQ. WILLIAM II. CARPENTER, ESQ. WILLIAM STIRLING, ESQ., OF KE1R, M.P. Secretary, GEORGE SCHARF, ESQ., F.S.A. CONTENTS No. Page 82. James Gillray 85 83. Eight Hon. Thomas Winnington .. .. 86 84. Sir Francis Chantrey, E.A 87 85. Sir Leoline Jenkins 88 86. William Huntington, S.S 89 87. James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, K.G. 90 88. Mary Queen of Scots 91 89. John Howard 93 90. Dr. Erasmus Darwin 94 91. Sir Stamford Baffles 95 92. Matthew Prior 96 93. James Watt 97 94. Sir William IIerschel 98 95. Sir Marc Isambard Brunel 99 96. Archbishop Tillotson 100 97. Henry Kirke White 10L ( 82 .) JAMES GILLEAY. Bom 1757. Died 1815. An eminent Political Caricaturist. He began life as a writing engraver ; but, after having for a while joined a company of itinerant actors, he obtained admission as a student at the Royal Academy of Arts. His first caricatures were published in reference to Lord North’s resignation, and the formation of the Rockingham Government, and to Fox and Lord Rodney. They were dated respectively April 12th and June 7th, 1782. His last caricature appeared in 1811. The concluding years of Gillray’s life were clouded by in- sanity. The most interesting of his works were some time since collected and published in a volume. There is also a series of reductions from his principal caricatures. A miniature painted by himself upon ivory. Engraved on an enlarged scale in Mezzotint by Charles Turner, and on a smaller one in stipple by J. Brown. Presented by Colonel Charles Bagot, July, 1859. ( 83 . ) RIGHT HON. THOMAS WINNINGTON. Bom 1696. Died 1746. The son of Mr. Salway Winnington, M.P., and of Anne, daughter of Mr., afterwards Lord Foley. ITis grandfather, Sir Francis Winnington, was Solicitor-General to King Charles II. Winnington was educated at Westminster, and at Christ Church, Oxford. He represented Droitwich and Worcester in Parliament, and became Lord of the Admiralty in 1730, of the Treasury in 1736, Cofferer of the Privy Council in 1740, and Paymaster-General 1743, in which office ho was succeeded by Mr. Pitt. Among his contemporaries he had a high reputation from his eloquent and ready speeches in the House of Commons, and was considered one of the main supporters in office of Sir Robert Walpole. A miniature in enamel by Zincite. Presented, 1859, by Sib Thomas E. Winnington, Bart., M.P. 86 ( 84 .) SIR FRANCIS CHANTREY, R.A. Born near Norton in Derbyshire, 1781. Died 1841. This great sculptor — whose works exhibit a close relation in point of spirit and conception to those of Sir Joshua Reynolds — was the son of a small farmer and carpenter residing at Jordanthorpe, near Sheffield. In 1797 he was bound apprentice to a carver and gilder of Sheffield for seven years ; but having quitted his master before the expiration of the stipulated term, he set up for a portrait painter on his own account at Sheffield, and took likenesses, not only in oil colours but in crayons and miniature. His superior genius for the plastic art was, however, quickly manifested, and after some interval he permanently established himself in London as a sculptor. In 1818 he became a Member of the Royal Academy, and subsequently received the honour of knighthood from King William the Fourth. The works of Chantrey are widely distributed over the British Empire. His tine statue of Watt is at Glasgow, Itoscoe at Liverpool, as also Canning; John Dalton at Manchester, Chief Justice Dundas and Lord Melville at Edinburgh, Sir Thomas Munro and Bishop Ileber in India. But perhaps his two most beautiful works, or those two which, as he told one of the present Trustees of this Gallery, were preferred by himself to any others, are the “ Sleeping Children,” in Lichfield Cathedral, executed in 1817, and “ Lady Frederica Stanhope with her Infant Cliild,” in Clieven- ing Church, executed in 1824. In the background of the picture may be seen a portion of an equestrian group from the frieze of the Parthenon, to- gether with a model of the statue of Lady Louisa Russell with a dove. The sculptor rests his left arm on a fragment of an antique head, and holds a modelling tool in his hand. Painted by T. Phillips, P.A. Painted on panel, and exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1818, No. 21 in the catalogue. Presented by Lady Chantrey, 1859. h 2 87 ( 85 .) SIR LEOLINE JENKINS. Bom in Glamorganshire, 1623. Died at Hammersmith, 1685. Leoline or more properly Llewellyn Jenkins devoted himself in early life to the education of young gentlemen, some of whom he accompanied to Oxford ; and he also travelled abroad with his relative Mr. Lewis Aubrey. On the resigna- tion of Dr. Francis, about 1600, he was elected Principal of Jesus College, towards the maintenance of which he subse- quently bestowed some liberal endowments. By the Government of Charles II. ,1 enkins was appointed a Judge of the High Court of Admiralty and of the Pre- rogative Court. In 1073 he became ambassador and pleni- potentiary, together with Lord Sunderland and Sir Joseph Williamson, for the treaty proposed at Cologne. In 1074 his name appears as the Judge engaged in deciding the contest respecting Milton’s will. In 1078 ho was named, together with Lord Berkeley and Sir William Temple, plenipotentiary at Nimeguen. In 1680 he succeeded Mr. Henry Coventry in the office of Secretary of State, and was sworn a Privy Councillor. In 1683 he took an important part in the discovery of the Bye-house Plot. He resigned the seals of office in April, 1084, and spent the remainder of his life in retirement at Hammersmith. His correspondence and other writings were published by Wm. Wynne, in two large folio volumes, London, 1724, with an engraving from this portrait by G. Vauder Gucht, dated 1723, as a frontispiece. A duplicate of this picture hangs in the hall of Jesus College, at Oxford. Painted by Herbert Tuer , at Nimeguen. Signed and dated by the artist, “Herbert Tuer fecit. Neomagi, 1079.” Presented by the Rev. J. M. Traherne, February, 1800. 88 ( 80 . ) WILLIAM HUNTINGTON, S.S. Bom near Cranbrook, 1744. Died at Tunbridge Wells, 1813. This remarkable man was born in the humblest ranks of society, and had no advantage of early education, his boyhood being spent in menial service. His original name was Hunt, and this he afterwards, from a fancy of his own, changed into Huntington. He subsequently appended the mysterious letters S.S. to his name, and afforded the following reasons in explanation : — “ As I cannot get at D.D. for want of cash, neither can I get at M.A. for the want of learning, therefore I am com- pelled to fly for refuge to S.S., by which I mean Sinner Saved.” Endowed with great powers of mind and a strain of natural eloquence, he began his career as a preacher at Sunbury. Necessity, however, compelled him to have recourse to other means also for subsistence. When he removed to Thames Ditton he was engaged to carry coals from the river at a pay of 1 Is. per week. Of this occupation he afterwards boasted in the epitaph which he composed for his own gravestone, commencing “ Here lies the Coalheaver, Beloved of God, but abhorred of men.” In London shortly afterwards he found an extensive field for liis labours as a minister. The published works of Huntington are very numerous. They extend to twenty volumes. Painter unknown. Purchased by the Trustees, February 1800 . 80 ( 87 . ) JAMES STANLEY, 7th EARL OF DERBY, K.G. Beheaded at Bolton in Lancashire, 1651. It lias been observed by Horace Walpole that among the sufferers for King Charles I., none cast greater lustre on the cause than did the Earl of Derby. He was summoned to Parliament by the title of Lord Strange in 1G27, having two years previously been appointed one of the Knights of the Bath at the coronation of Charles I. He married Charlotte, the daughter of Claude de la Tre- mouille, Duke of Thouars, the heroic Countess well remem- bered by all who have read Sir Walter Scott’s ‘ Peveril of the Peak.’ It was this lady who defended Latham House in 1044, when it was besieged by 2000 of the Parliamentary forces. The Earl of Derby received the honour of the Garter from Charles II., and was severely wounded in an encounter with Colonel Lilburne, at Wigan Lane, August 1051. After the fatal battle of Worcester, September 3, 1051, and after providing for the shelter of the King at Boscobel, he was taken prisoner, removed to Chester, condemned, and brought to the scaffold October 15, in the same year. He was the author of ‘ The History and Antiquities of the Isle of Man’ (where the Earls of Derby at that period held almost sovereign sway), interspersed with sundry advices to his son. After a painting by Van Dyck. Presented by the Earl of Derby, K.G., February, 1800. From the collection at Knowsley. 90 ( 88 . ) MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. Bom at Linlithgow, 1542. Beheaded at Fotlieringay Castle, 1587. Daughter of James V., King of Scotland, and great grand- daughter of Henry YH, of England. Carried to France 1548; married to the Dauphin 1558; became Queen of France 1559; a widow 15G0. Returned to Scotland 15G1. Married Darnley 1565 ; again a widow 1567. Fled to Eng- land 1568. This picture formerly belonged to a portrait painter named Stewart, and came afterwards into the hands of a London dealer named Gwennap, from whom Mr. Fraser Tytler pur- chased it. It was originally painted on panel, and trans- ferred with remarkable skill to canvas whilst in Mr. Tytler’s possession. “ Among the jewelled ornaments occurs a pillar, ensigned with a crown, the device used by Francis II., here accom- panied by Mary’s initials. A brooch on her bosom displays one of her own devices, a pillar within the wheel of fortune. In the background is seen a city upon a hill, supposed to represent Edinburgh. An escutcheon of the arms of France and' Scotland quarterly is appended to the stem of a tree on one side of the picture, being those which Mary bore as Queen-Consort of France. Mr. Fraser Tytler came to the conclusion that this was the identical portrait painted in 1560, and sent by Mary to Queen Elizabeth by Lord Seton, shortly before the death of Francis II.” The above description is quoted from an account published by Mr. Albert Way of the portraits of Queen Mary collected on the occasion of the meeting of the Archaeological Institute at Edinburgh in 1856. In a letter to one of the Trustees of the present Gallery, Mr. Way adds as his own opinion of this 91 portrait : “ It is, I am persuaded, of remarkable authenticity, among the very few paintings which can be regarded as con- temporary portraits of Mary.” A Monograph descriptive of this picture, entitled “ On the Portraits of Mary Queen of Scots,” &c., 4to., 1845, was printed for private circulation by its late owner, Mr. Fraser Tytlcr, the historian of Scotland. Engraved and elaborately finished in colours by Henry Shaw, F.S.A. THE FRASER TYTLER TORTRATT. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 1800. 92 ( 89 .) JOHN HOWARD. Bom at Hackney, 172G. Died at Cherson, 1790. This great Philanthropist belonged to that denomination of Dissenters called Independents. He was the son of a London tradesman, but inheriting a competent fortune he settled on the small estate of Cardington, near Bedford. Being named High Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773 ho began to examine with unwearied zeal the prisons first of his own and then of every other English county. In pursuance of the same benevolent object he travelled through France and Germany, and in 1777 published his great work on Prisons, which he dedicated to the House of Commons. Parliament having passed two Acts for the better regu- lation of Prison Discipline, John Howard turned his active exertions to a somewhat different sphere ; and in 1789 pub- lished another important volume entitled “ An Account of the principal Lazarettos in Europe.” In the following year, being desirous to ascertain the nature of the plague which in those times ravaged the East, he proceeded to Turkey, intending to return home through Russia ; but an infectious fever arrested him in the Crimea. He died and was buried at Cherson. A monument was erected to his memory in St. Paid’s Cathedral. Painted by Mather Brown. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 1860. 93 ( 90 . ) DR. ERASMUS DARWIN. Bom at Elton, near Newark, 1731. Died at Derby, 1802. A physician and poet of high reputation in his day. After studying at St. John’s College, Cambridge, he took the degree of Doctor of Medicine at Edinburgh, and established himself as a physician at Lichfield. In 1781 he removed to Derby, and acquired celebrity by the publication of his poem in two books, called the ‘ Botanic Garden ’ and ‘ Loves of the Plants.’ Twelve years later he published the first volume of his ‘ Zoonomia, or Laws of Organic Life.’ The second appeared iu 1796. These were succeeded in 1800 by his ‘Phytologia, or Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening.’ Dr. Darwin was the grandfather of Mr. Charles Darwin, so well known by his scientific attainments and researches. Painted by Wright of Derby. Purchased by the Trustees, December, 1859. 94 ( 91 . ) SIR STAMFORD RAFFLES. Bom at Sea, off Jamaica, 1781. Died 1826. Thomas Stamford Raffles was the son of a West India captain. lie began his career at the age of fifteen as an assistant-clerk in the India House, and in 1805 was appointed under-secretary to the Government established by the East India Company at Pulo-penang or Prince of Wales’s Island, where he soon rose to be chief secretary. His first essay in literature, ‘ On the Malay Nation,’ was published in 1809. Upon the earnest representation made by him of the ad- vantages that would accrue to the English Government from the possession of Java, then in the hands of the Dutch, whose country had bocome annexed to France, an expedition was fitted out in 1811, and the settlement being reduced, Mr. Raffles was appointed Lieutenant-Governor. He was recalled in 1816, shortly before the island was restored to the Dutch as an independent Power. His ‘ History of Java,’ in two vols. quarto, appeared in 1817. In 1818, after receiving the honour of knighthood, Mr. Raffles was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Fort Marlborough, at Bencoolen, in the island of Sumatra, where he remained during six years. Upon his return to England, Sir Stamford founded the present Zoological Society, of which he was the first President. Painted in 1817 by Geo. F. Joseph, AM. A. Presented by his Nephew, the Rev. W. C. Raffles Flint, December 1859. 95 ( 92 .) MATTHEW PRIOR. Born 1664. Died at Wimpolo Hall, 1721. Poet, statesman, and diplomatist. His uncle, a vintner at Charing Cross, placed him imder Dr. Busby at Westminster School. Having attracted the notice of the Earl of Dorset, he was enabled to complete his education at St. John’s College, Cambridge. Having formed a college friendship with the Hon. Charles Montagu, afterwards Earl of Halifax, they conjointly, in 1687, published ‘ The City Mouse and the Country Mouse,’ in- tended to ridicule Dryden’s ‘ Hind and Panther.’ His patron the Earl of Dorset introduced him at Court, and Prior subsequently filled several important offices. At the death of Queen Anne he was acting as ambassador at Paris ; but, on the accession of the House of Hanover, Prior was not only recalled, but taken into custody and examined with considerable rigour before the Privy Council. It is as a poet, however, that Prior is best remembered. Some of his productions, especially his ‘Alma’ and his ‘Henry and Emma,’ are among the most popular in the English language. Painted by Jonathan Richardson. Engraved in 1719, by Geo. Vertue. The duplicate of a picture belonging to the Duke of Portland, about which Prior himself thus wrote : — “ Bichardson has made an excellent picture of me, from whence Lord Harley (whose it is) has a stamp taken by Vertue .” — Letter addressed to Swift, May 4, 1720. Presented by the Earl of Derby, K.G., February, 1860. From the Knowslev Collection. 96 ( 93 .) JAMES WATT. Born at Greenock 1736. Died at Heatkfield, in Staffordshire, 1819. The illustrious man who, “ directing the force of an original genius, early exercised in philosophical research, to the im- provement of the steam-engine, enlarged the resources of his country, increased the power of man, and rose to an eminent place among the most illustrious followers of science, and the real benefactors of the world.” The words above quoted form part of the eloquent inscrip- tion composed by Lord Brougham for the monument of AY att in Westminster Abbey. Watt was the son of a small merchant and ship-owner resident at Greenock. A delicate constitution prevented him from a regular attendance at school ; but he studied assidu- ously at home, and became known as a boy for his extensive reading and general acquirements. In 1755 Watt arrived in London, and devoted himself to the manufacture of mathe- matical instruments. Having attained the required pro- ficiency, he sought to establish himself in Glasgow, and eventually, about 1757, received the appointment of mathe- matical instrument maker to the University of that city, with leave to establish his shop within their precincts. Here, in 1 1763, in consequence of Professor Anderson having sent him a model of Newcomen’s steam-engine to repair, Watt commenced those researches into the properties of steam and improvements in machinery which have ren- dered his name immortal. In 1767 he was employed in surveying the Forth and Clyde Canal, and the Caledonian Canal in 1773, having pre- viously, in 1768, given up the occupation of instrument maker and professed himself a civil engineer. The first patent for his steam engine is dated 1769. Painted in 1793 by C. F. de Breda, R.A. Engraved in mezzotinto by S. W. Reynolds, 1796. Purchased by the Trustees, December, 1859. 97 ( 94 - ) SIR WILLIAM HERSCHEL. Bom at Hanover, 1738. Died at Slough, near Windsor, 1822. The son of a musician, and educated for the same profession. At the age of fourteen he was placed in the band of the Hanoverian Foot-guards, and accompanied the regiment to England about 1757. He remained some time at Durham, and became organist and teacher of languages at Halifax. About 17GG he was appointed organist of the Octagon Chapel at Bath, in which place he began to turn his attention to astronomy. In 1780 Herschel commenced his contributions to the “Philosophical Transactions,” and in 1781 announced to the world his discovery of the planet Uranus, at first sup- posed to be a comet. Herschel himself named it, in honour of his Royal patron, Georgium Sidus. King George III. settled a salary of 400?. on him, attached him to his Court as private astronomer, and subsequently conferred upon him the Guelphic order of Knighthood. From this period Herschel most zealously devoted the remainder of his life to astronomy. By his discoveries he doubled the number of bodies known to us as forming parts of the solar system. He first perceived the rotation of Saturn’s ring, and measured the rotation of Saturn and Venus, and in 1803 he announced the motions of binary stars round one another. His great telescope, 40 feet in length, was long the admiration of travellers passing Slough, where this eminent astronomer had fixed his residence. Painted by L. F. Abbott, in 1785. Signed and dated at the back of the canvas. Engraved in stipple by Eyder. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 18G0. 98 ( 95 . ) SIR MARC ISAMBARD BRUNEL. Bom 1769. Died 1849. Born at Haqueville, in Normandy, and educated at Rouen with a view to his entering Holy Orders. But his genius having manifested itself for mechanical pursuits, he went through a course of studies to qualify him for the naval profession. He made several voyages to the West Indies, and on the out- break of the r rench Revolution established himself as a civil engineer at New York in 1793. Through the patronage of Earl Spencer the genius of Brunei found a wider scope in England, where, under the auspices of Earl St. Vincent, then at the head of the Admi- ralty, his plan for producing ship’s blocks by machinery instead of manual labour was carried into execution in Ports- mouth Dockyard. These arrangements were completed in 1806. Steam navigation also engaged a large share of his attention, and he established the Ramsgate vessels, which were among the first steamboats that were used on the river Thames. Brunei was the author of many other useful and ingenious inventions. His greatest and most universally known work, the Thames Tunnel, was commenced under the auspices of the Duke of Wellington in 1824, and opened to the public for traffic in 1843. Already, in 1841, he had received the honour of knighthood. Painted by S. Drummond, A. It. A. Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1836, No. 236 of the catalogue. Purchased by the Trustees, December, 1859. 99 ( 96 .) ARCHBISHOP TILLOTSON. Born at Sowerby, near Halifax, 1630. Died at Lambeth, 1694. John Tillotson was the son of a wealthy clothier, and brought up a strict Calvinist. He went to Clare Hall, Cambridge, where he became one of the Fellows, and took his Master’s degree in 1654. His first sermon, whilst he yet adhered to the Presbyterians, bears date 1601. He submitted to the Act of Uniformity, and was chosen Preacher to the Society of Lincoln’s Inn. In 1672 he became Dean of Canterbury. Dr. Tillotson, together with Dr. Burnet, attended Lord William Russell on the scaffold in 1683. In 1689 he resigned the Deanery of Canterbury for that of St. Paul’s, and on the deprivation of Sancroft was consecrated Archbishop of Can- terbury, the ceremony taking place in Bow Church, May, 1691. The first volume of lus collected Sermons was pub- lished in 1695, the fourteenth and last in 1704. They have enjoyed a high reputation, and been frequently reprinted. Painted by Mrs. Beale. Purchased by the Trustees, February, 1860. ( 97 . ) HENRY KIRKE WHITE. Born at Nottingham, 1785. Died at Cambridge, 1806. Being of too weakly a constitution to follow his father’s occu- pation as a butcher, Kirke White was removed, at the age of fourteen, from school to a stocking-loom, to learn the business of a hosier. The loom was altogether uncongenial to him, and ere long he was removed to a lawyer’s office in Nottingham. Eagerly bent on the acquisition of knowledge, he studied not only the Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese languages, hut also chemistry and natural phi- losophy, to which were added the accomplishments of music and drawing. In his fifteenth year he had become a con- tributor to various periodical publications, and, with the encouragement of Mr. Capel Lofft and Mr. Thomas Hill, the Editor of the “ Monthly Mirror,” he prepared a volume of poetry, which was dedicated to the Duchess of Devonshire, and published early in 1804. At length, through the generosity of Mr. Wilberforce, he was admitted a student of St. John’s College, Cambridge. Here the ardour with which Kirke White pursued his studies overtasked his delicate frame. His health declined, and he gradually sank to the grave. A selection of his poems was published by his friend Mr. Southey in 1807. The “ Remains of Henry Kirke White ” have been frequently reprinted. A Medallion Profile by Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A. The original model for the medallion which was placed with a tablet over the poet’s grave in All Saints’ Church at Cambridge in 1819, at the expense of an American gentle- man, Mr. F. Boott, afterwards Dr. Boott, Treasurer and V ice -President of the Linnean Society of London. Presented by Dr. Francis Boott, M.D., February, 1860. 101 i ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO PORTRAITS IN THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY. Addington, Viscount Sidmouth, No. 77. Batfi, Wm. Pulteney, Earl of, 48. Bell, Sir Charles, 69. Bishops, the Seven, 73. Bohemia, Elizabeth, Queen of, 2. Boscawen, Admiral, 45. Brunei, Sir Marc Isambard, 95. Burdett, Sir Francis, Bart., 51. Burns, Robert, 75. Byng, George, first Viscount Torring- ton, 25. Cadogan, William, first Earl of, 63. Carter, Elizabeth, 57. Chambers, Sir William, 16. Chantrey, Sir Francis, 84. Charlotte, the Princess, 64. Clive, Lord, 66. Colman, George, the elder, 80. Congreve, William, 68. Cook, Captain James, 8. Cowley, Abraham, 23. Cumberland, Richard, 50. Darwin, Dr. Erasmus, 90. Derby, James, 7th Earl of, 87. Dryden, John, 79. Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 2. Forbes, President Duncan, 72. Fox, John, 29. Garrick, David, 71. Gillray, James, 82. Grammont, Comtessc de, 21. Gwynn, Nell, 18. 102 Hamilton, la Belle, 21. Handel, G. F„ 14. Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford, 60. Harvey, Dr. William, 9. Herschel, Sir William, 94. Hastings, Warren, 36. Hoadley, Bishop, 42. Hook, Theodore, 30. Hooke, Nathaniel, 61. Howe, Richard, Earl, 26. Hunter, John, 32. Huntington, Wm., S.S., 86. Huskisson, Wm., 33. Ireton, Henry, 22. James VI., King of Scotland, 39. Jeffreys, Lord Chancellor, 67. Jenkins, Sir Leoline, 85. Jenner, Dr. E., 70. Keats, John, 6. Kemble, John P., 74. Ken, T., Bishop of Bath and Wells, 73. Knox, John, 41. Lake, J., Bishop of Chichester, 73. Lansdowne, 1st Marquess of, 49. Lcnthal, Speaker, 65. Lloyd, W., Bishop of St. Asaph, 73. Mackintosh, Sir James, 76. Mary, Queen of Scots, 88. Mead, Dr. Richard, 19. Murphy, Arthur, 38. Nelson, 81. Nollekens, Joseph, 20. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Opie, John, 4. Orford, Earl of, 47. Ormond, James, 2nd Duke of, 58. Oxford, Rt. Harley, Earl of, GO. Parr, Dr. Samuel, 11. Pembroke, Mary, Countess of, 40. Perceval, Spencer, 15. Prior, Matthew, 92. Pulteney, Wm., Earl of Bath, 48. Raffles, Sir Stamford, 91. Raleigh, Sir Walter, 1. Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 5. Sancroft, Wm., Archbishop, 73. Scots, Mary, Queen of, 88. Selden, John, 24. Seven Bishops, 73. Shaftesbury, Antony, first Earl of, 4G. Shakspeare, 27. Sharp, William, 52. Shelburne, Earl of, 49. Siddons, Mrs., 78. Sidmoutli, first Viscount, 77. Smeaton, John, 35. Southampton, Earl of, 28. Stanhope, James, first Earl of, 34. Stothard, Thomas, 31. Stuart, Mary, 88. — ■ — , James (of Athens), 3. Talbot, Lord Chancellor, 44. Thomson, James, 17. Tillotson, Archbishop, 96. Tooke, Horne, 12. Trelawney, J., Bishop of Bristol, 73. Turner, F., Bishop of Ely, 73. Wake, Archbishop, 59. Walpole, Sir Robert, 47. Warburton, Bishop, 53. Watt, James, 93. White, T., Bishop of Peterborough, 73. , Henry Kirke, 97. Wilberforce, William, 55. Wilkie, Sir David, 7. Winchester, first Marquis of, 13. Windham, William, 54. Winnington, Thomas, 83. Winwood, Sir Ralph, 10. Wolfe, General, 43. Wolsey, Cardinal, 37. Wright, Joseph, of Derby, 56. Wyndham, Sir William, 62. 103 LONDON : PRINTED BY W. CLOW ES AND SONS, DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS.