m XI EXIFiANATilON Of THE PANORAMA ©K/ ROME ANCflENT & MODEMN ■ /', TVO PLAT E I. Palombarar. Z. S."Cathcnrui di Sienna. 3. M. Lucretilis. 4- S. Lorenzo in Pane 5. M. Timinalis. 6. S? Maria Mnapiore. 7 . S.Martifio in--Monte. 8. A'ji/ui. .4. Tivoli ■ 10. L'Anpelc Tutela II. Tem,?JLJTervas. 12. S‘.‘Maria del Mont*. 13. Tea, Subitmi. 14. S. Pietro in Careere. Pi. S. Martino c S. Lnea. If. S. idnano. 17. S. Francesco dt Paolo. 18. Torre di Conti. 10. Via Sc derate. 2t>. TenddI Minorca Medico. 21. Porta Maqaiore. 22. Tennc dt Tito. 23. fill’il. 24. Palestrina or Prccnest*. 23. Adi de f'aequo. deuulio. 28. Aemiciuni /M . 27. Colonna 28. S. Groce-in (rientsalernrne 28. Tern?defa Pace. J(/. Tail?dlAntowaw e Faustina. PLATE 2,. 1. S4 Cecelia. 2 . £ Francesco d Ripa. 3. Museo Capitolina ■ 4. SPMana dell a Consolations. 5 . S.Pdronio Rolonais. f. Mdnasterio dr. SI Claire. 7. SPMatia del-' Orta. 8. SPietro ifi Morrtorio. d. Acqua Paolo. JO. TUI a Pampkili. 11. SPAiata. 12. SLApofinario. 13. Pal. CdlTerclli,. 14. M.JanieuJums. la. Tillo firazul. If. Ufa, Corsini ■ 17. Pal. Corsini. 18. S.Amltruqio. Id. SdMdrias. 20. SAngelo in Pcsejrcria 21. Portrco d- i lettuce. 22. Tem? di lief one. 23. Trirdtd- de'Peferpini. 24. Pal. Simla Croce. 223. Ufa Luriti. 26. Pal. Famese. 27. S. Carlo a Catinari. 2d. ■ Calhetifia. 30. Tor ' de Specchi. PLATE 1. 61. LMtirdutm. 62. Term* dzs SeUagabalus. 63. Sepolcbro di Cato festf 64. S.PaaM- .65. SPSabirun. 66. S. Alcssia. 67. Scalar Cemoniar. 68. The Tiber. 69. Ports Sublidzts. 70. S Mr circle e SfMagno- 71. Area di- SetiS Severe. 72. Col di Toco.'. 73. Toro Romano. 74. Tent?di Glare Tenant*■ 75. Tern? della Forfurur 76. Comi zio. 77. S2Maria Liberatrie*-. 78. Curia ■ 79. Paid de Ccsa/i- ) 80. Tend! tli Pomadus. ' 81. SPAnossrtasi*. 8‘LArco di Sett? Severn. 83. Area dz Ciann QuadriFrcmte 84. SPMaria della Consolation. 85. SdMarias in Co smalln. 86. Tent? di Vestas. 87. S.jTicolo Cesurtni * 88- Tlupe, Tarpons. / .14. Vaticano. 35. Sutriarn. .16. ST Giovanni Deco fata. ■W. Castor X- Pollo.r. 4/. Cali cry oC Pi eta res. 42. Marcus A undins. 47. S. Giacomo de Spaynzurli- 48. Ctdlcqio della, Sapienza-. PLATE 2 . 55. Tillo Madarna ■ 56. Pal. Citorio. 57. Cofmium Romazmm. 58. Pal. di, Eenezia. 50. Territory op fie i Veii. 60. S.Ambroaio & S. Carlo. 61. Col d Antonin*. 62. Pal Ghigi. 63. Corso. 64. Piazza, del Popolo. 65. MPinceano. 66. S? Maria F)aru Cadi. 67. Tilla Mcdicis. 68. Trinita dr/Monti. 69. Soracte. 70. S? Maria, di Lore/to. 71. S-Andrca alio Pruitt'. 72. Pal Parbarini. 73. Tilla, Pont hose,. 74. Villa Ludovusi. 75. Pal Atiieri. 76. Col di Thy ana. 17. Pal Colonna. 76. 6esu- c Maria - 79. S. Spirit* 80. M. taVelio Pal Pontih'eio. 81. Pal Rospujlioso. 82. S.Siivostro. 83. Pal . dcllas Consulta,. 84. Tower elvidere Meleagar; near this spot Horace and Virgil had houses, and in the imme¬ diate vicinity, were the gardens of Maecenas, from a building in which Nero is said to have viewed the burning of Rome. No. 93.— Gabii. One of the cities of the Prici Latini, built by the kings of Alba. It is much spoken of by the Roman historians, as a large and well fortified place, about half way between Rome and Praeneste, or eleven miles from the city; here Romulus and Remus were educated, and there ane considerable remains of a temple of Venus. 7 No. 24.— Palestrina. The ancient Praeneste or Stephane, spoken of by historians as a place of great antiquity, which maintained its independence of the Roman yoke for many centuries. It suffered greatly in the wars of Marius and Sylla. The Citadel, or Castello di S. Pietro, is on the rocks, 1200 feet above the city. No. 25.— Aq l dell’ Acqua Claudio. The Claudian Aqueduct was commenced by Caligula, and completed by Claudius ; this splendid work conveyed 800,000 tons of water each day into the city, supplied by two streams, one from a distance of forty miles, brought partly underground, but mostly on arches of great elevation. Being the most perfect of the ancient aqueducts, it was repaired by Sextus V., and now conveys the Acqua Felice, one of the three streams that supply the city. No. 26.— M. Hernicium. The Hernici were, according to Livy, amongst the earliest and most inveterate of the enemies of Rome. No. 27.— Colonna. The ancient Labicum, a city of the Latins, and a colony of Alba, now a small village, on a lofty insulated mount. No. 28.— S a Croce in Giurasalemme. One of the Basilicae, erected by Constantine near an ancient Sessorium; adjoining, are the ruins of the amphitheatrum Castrense, a building supposed to have been used for the games and exercises of the soldiers. No. 29- —Tempio della Pace. Now called the Basilica of Constantine, the temple of Peace, erected by Vespasian, having been together with the spoils from Jerusalem, and all the riches it contained, destroyed by fire in the second century. No. 30.— Tempio d’Antonino e Faustina. Erected A. D. 178, by M. Aurelius, in memory of the Emperor Antoninus, and his consort Faustina. The original portico of ten Corinthian columns of Cippolino marble, and a portion of the temple, forms the church of S. Lorenzo in Miranda. No. 31.— Tempio di Romulus e Remus. Few buildings have occasioned more disputes amongst Antiquaries than this temple, now the church of S. S. Cosimo e Damiano; the round vestibule, with some fine porphyry columns, and a bronze door, are evidently very ancient, but the body of the church is of a more recent date. It was converted into a Christian church, by Felix III. in 530, and Urban VIII. raised the floor twenty feet from the pavement, the vast accumulation of soil around having made it damp. No. 32.— Via Sacra. In that part of the Via Sacra, towards the Coliseum, were the temples of Lares and Strenia, the house of Ancus Martius, and the altar of Orbona; also several bronze elephants. In the days of Horace, the via was the fashionable lounge for idlers. No. 34.— Coliseo. The Flavian Amphitheatre, or Coliseum, which forms the subject of the Panorama now exhibiting in the Upper Circle. No. 45. —Logo di Albano. The Lake of Albano is one of the most beautiful pieces of water in the world ■, and in respect to scenery, beyond comparison the finest of those of purely volcanic origin in Italy. It is about two miles and a third in length, by one and a third in width; being about six miles in circuit. The fine old trees which overshadow the spot, render the Alban Lake a cool and delightful summer retreat, and the remains of many ancient terraces on its banks, prove that it was much frequented by the ancient Romans. The pretended city of Alba, seen beneath its waters, are extensive ruins of imperial times. No. 47.— M. Savelli. A portion of the Alban mount; the castle was, during the middle ages, the strong¬ hold of the Savelli; an ancient, powerful, and turbulent family; now represented by the Cesarini. 8 No. 53.— S. Giovanni e S. Paolo, A convent of monks of considerable size, on the Ca-Iian hill. It stands on the site of the Curia Hostilia, and lias in the gardens a ruin, called the Rostrum of Cicero; also a very fine palm tree, said to be many centuries old. The two saints to whom the church is dedicated were brothers, and eunuchs in the court of Constantia, daughter of Constantine. They suffered martyrdom by order of Julian the apostate. The church was erected by Pammachus, the friend of St. Jerome, in 410. No. 54.— Villa Mattel , A pleasantly situated building on the Caelian hill, by some supposed to have been the Castrum Perigrinorum, within the walls. It was inhabited for a considerable time by Godoy, Prince of Peace. The house contains some fine sculpture and painting, and in the garden there is an ancient Egyptian obelisk, covered with hieroglyphics. No. 55.— S. Sebastiano. The seventh Basilica stands about two miles from the walls ; the church itself is a fine building, restored in 1611 ; but the portico, of antique marble columns, is of the time of Constantine. Under the church are the openings to very extensive catacombs, originally formed, no doubt, by the ancient Romans, to procure pozzolana for their buildings, and enlarged by the early Christians, who used them as places of refuge during their persecutions, and as cemeteries, 170,000 of them having, it is said, been interred there. The passages are from two to three feet in width, and extend several miles in different directions. No. 56— Porta S. Sebastiano. Formerly the Cappena, or Appia ; the base of the gateway and tower, formed of immense blocks of marble, are extremely ancient; from this gate commenced the Via Appia, and the Via Latina ; the former was the most celebrated of the Roman roads, it crossed the Pontine marshes, and extended 350 miles in a straight line. No. 57 —Sepolcro cli Ccecilia Metella. One of the most beautiful sepulchral monuments in the world. It was erected by Cras- sus, one of the richest but meanest Romans of the time, to enclose the remains of his wife, Caccilia Metella ; it is of a circular form, resting on a square basement, the whole of im¬ mense blocks of fine marble; being of great strength, it was used in the middle ages as a fortress by the Gaetani family, who added the parapet of brickwork round its summit. No. 58.— Terme di Caracalla. The baths of Caracalla, on the Aventine mount, are the largest mass of ruins, next to the Coliseum, in Rome: they were commenced by Caracalla, and completed by Alexander Severus, and were the most magnificent building of the kind. The principal erection consisted of two stories above ground, and three below ; there were numerous labra, or baths of granite, and 1600 seats of marble for the bathers. The principal hall, called the Celia Solearis, was 150 feet long, and was covered with a flat roof of stone, in those days considered a miracle. Of its ornaments, it is merely necessary to say, that the celebrated Belvidere Torso, the Hercules of Glycon, the Farnese Flora, the Cally- pygian Venus, and the Farnese Toro, were all found in the ruins. On the eastern side are the remains of an immense portico, erected by Heliogabalus. 59.— Circus Maocimus . The Circus Maximus, between the Palatine and Aventine mounts, was the spot where Romulus instituted equestrian and athletic games, in honour of Neptunus Equestris, and it was during the celebration of these games that the Romans seized the Sabine women. Tarquinius Priscus surrounded the circus with covered seats, which, according to Dionysius, would hold 40,000 spectators. Julius Caesar added to its size, so that it would contain 260,000, and in the time of Constantine it would hold 385,000 persons, to view the chariot races, combats, &c. It was here the interesting scene between Androcles and the Lion took place. No. 61.— Lavinium. A very pretty town, most singularly situated ; being cut off from the rest of the plain, by a deep ravine on each side, formed by the mountain torrents ; the communication being by a little isthmus and bridge. On the south is a very high tower, seen from all parts. The ancient city, according to Livy, was built by iEneas, who named it after his consort, Lavinia. The modern town was named Pratica, after a pestilence, when the inhabitants were again allowed communication (Pratica) with their neighbours. 9 No. 63. — Sepolcro di Caio Cestio. One of the most ancient remains, and the only specimen of a pyramid in Rome. It Was erected during the republic, to the memory ot Caio Cestio, one ot the eupulones, or priests, who provided the banquets for the gods. It is ot great size, being 97 feet at the base, and 124 in height, wholly of white marble; erected, according to the inscription, agreeably to the testament of Cestius, in 330 days. It stands on the ancient Prati del Popolo Romano, now the protestant burial place ; the last home of many English, who have died in or near Rome. No. 64.— S. Paolo. The venerable and beautiful Church of St. Paul, the fifth Basilica, was erected by Constantine, over the grave of St. Paul, and was adorned with 132 columns of ancient and precious marbles, some very fine mosaics, and 250 portraits of the popes. In 1824, the whole was reduced to a heap of ruins, by an accidental fire, but is being rebuilt. The Kings of England were, previous to the reformation, protectors of the basilica of St. Paul. No. 65. — S a Sabina Stands on the Aventine hill, on the foundations ot a Temple of Diana, erected by Servius Tullius, or the Temple of Juno Regina, erected by Camillus, after the destruction of Veii. The interior is in the form of an ancient temple, and contains some tine marbles. This Church was the scene of St. Dominic’s frenzies and floggings. No. 66.— S. Alessio. Supposed to stand on the site of the 1 empleof Hercules, and to contain the pavement, and some remains of that building. Adjoining the church, is the villa of the late King of Spain, erected on the site of the Temple ot Bona Dea, or the Armilustrum tor military exercises. No. 68. — Tiber. This renowned river, which divided Latium from Etruria, takes its rise in the Apen¬ nines of Tuscany, and after a course of nearly 160 miles, during which it receives the waters of forty tributary streams, and passes through the city of Rome, discharges itself into the sea at Ostia, it was formerly called Albula, from its whiteness, until iibennus. King of Alba, was drowned therein ; the water now is always thick and muddy, truly “ the yellow Tiber,” and is seldom used even for domestic purposes. No. 69. — Pons Sublicius , Erected by Ancus Martius, and acquired its name from the piles which supported it. On this bridge, Horatius Codes singly opposed the army of Porsenna; and from it '.he bodies of Commodus and Elagabalus were thrown into the liber. It was destroyed by an inundation in the time of Nicolas V. No. 71. —Arco di Settimo Severo. Erected in the year 205, to the Emperor and his sons, Caracalla and Geta ; it is of the composite order, and had originally on its summit a car with six horses, in which were the Emperor’s sons. The sculptures record the victories ot Severus over the Parthians. Until 1817 this fine arch was more than half buried in the accumulated soil. No. 7 2.—Col. di Foca. This handsome pillar was the subject of continual disputes amongst antiquarians, and innumerable were the buildings of which it was said to have formed a part. In loll , the Duchess of Devonshire, at her own expense, caused the rubbish to be removed in which it was half buried, when, by an inscription on the base, it was discovered to have been dedicated in 608 to the Emperor Phocas, whose statue in gilt bronze was on its summit. But the pillar itself is probably much older; it is ol Greek marble, 4b leet in height. No. 73. —Fora Romano. The Forum is perhaps the most melancholy place that Rome contains within her walls. The spot “ Where freedom triumphed, and where wisdom taught, which is consecrated by the page of history to the deep interest of succeeding ages, is now a scene of the greatest desolation, the original pavement is buried at least fifteen feet, by the rubbish of its noble buildings, the proud temples that the Roman people erected to perpetuate their exploits are annihilated; a few pillars and broken walls alone remain to mark the spot once so dear to the hearts of Romans; even its name is changed to Gampo Vaccino, and it is in reality a cow field. The Forum was ol considerable sizs, extending 10 in the form of a rectangular oblong, from east to west, along the Capitoline hill. It was originally formed by Romulus, and was surrounded by porticos and shops by Tarquinius Priscus. Tn the best days of Rome it was of unparalleled magnificence, surrounded by temples, adorned by statues, and crossed by the Via sacra, the line of all the triumphal pro¬ cessions to the Capitol. Here stood the Comitium, in which were the Tribunal and ivory Chair of Justice, and where the assemblies of the people were held for the election of Magistrates ; and here was also the Rostrum, a kind of pulpit, ornamented with the beaks of ships taken from the people of Actium, whence the orators addressed the assembled crowds; in short, the Forum was the focus of the factions, intrigues, crimes, and revolutions of Rome ; the haunt of her philosophers, orators, and statesmen ; the lounge of her idlers, and the scene of her triumphs. Here Cicero astonished by his eloquence, and Manlius pleaded; here Caius Gracchus melted the hearts of his hearers, and Scipio Africanus made his affecting appeal; and here Curtius sacrificed himself to his country. Besides the buildings of which some remains are standing, the Forum is known to have contained many others, the Curia or Senate House, the Senaculum, Temples to Julius Caesar, Augustus, Castor and Pollux, Venus, Saturn, Vesta, and the Basilicae of Portia, Sempronia, and Julia, the sites of some that have been ascertained are marked on the plan, under the authority of Signor Nibby. No. 74. — Tempio di Giove Tonante. This beautiful temple was erected by Augustus, in gratitude for his escape from lightning, only three of the thirty beautiful columns of the portico now remain, together with a portion of the frieze; they are of Luna marble, four feet four inches in diameter, with Corinthian capitals, and appear originally to have been tinged with Tyrian purple. Some antiquarians think they belonged to the Graecostasis, a large hall built by Pyrrhus for the reception of ambassadors. No. 75. — Tempio della Fortnna. The fine portico of this edifice, which was until lately mistaken for the temple of Concord, is nearly complete; it consists of six granite columns in front, and two behind, supporting an entablature and pediment. The columns all vary in diameter, and have bases and capitals of white marble, from which it is inferred that it was erected with the spoils of other buildings. The original temple having been burnt in the time of Maxentius, was rebuilt by Constantine. No. 76. — Comizio. Three fine columns of pentelic marble, the largest in Rome, supporting a portion of a rich entablature. They were long called part of the portico of the Temple of Jupiter Stator, erected by Romulus ; but the other remains being of a later period, and a con¬ siderable portion of the Fasti Consulares having been found on the spot, antiquarians now think they belonged to the Comitium or Hall of Justice, where the meetings of the people were held, and which joined the Curiae or Senate. It is conjectured that this building must have been destroyed by force, as some of the enormous blocks have been moved from their places, as if by a powerful wrench. No. 78.— Curiae. The remains of a large brick edifice supposed to have been the Curiae or Senate House, erected by Tullus Hostilius, which was destroyed by fire when the populace burnt in it the corpse of P. Clotius. Julius Caesar commenced the restoration of the building, which was finished by Augustus, who gave it the name of Curia Julia, in honour of his adopted father. No. 80. — Tempio di Romulus. Now the church of San Teodoro, a small rotunda, erected, according to the opinions of some antiquaries, on the site of the ancient temple of Romulus, which stood in the Luperca, where he and Remus were discovered. The walls of the church, which are of great antiquity, are very perfect. Pope Adrian I. converted the edifice into a Christian church, in the eighth century. The celebrated bronze w'olf of the Capitol was found on this spot. No. 88.— Arco di Giano Quadrifronte. The Arch of Janus is the most ancient in Rome, it is supposed to have been erected towards the end of the republic, it is a square building, composed of immense blocks of Greek marble, and was formerly ornamented with pillars and statues ; it is probable that it was not a triumphal arch, but a sort of market-house or exchange, every Forum having a similar one ; the brickwork on the upper part was added by the Frangipani family, who converted it into a fortress in the middle ages. 11 No. 85.— S a Maria in Cosmedin. This church, which is a very handsome structure, takes its name from the multiplicity of ornaments with which it is covered; by some, it is supposed to have been the temple of Pudicitia Patricia, or Chastity, which plebeians were not allowed to enter. Pope Adrian I. rebuilt the edifice in 728, retaining the cella and many portions of the ancient temple. In the portico is a ugly mask, called the Bocca della Verita. Beneath the church is a very fine crypt, where the celebrated Crescembini used to recite extempore verses. No. 86 .—Tempio di Vesta. Erected by Numa, where the vestal virgins watched the sacred fire and guarded the Palladium, a statue of Pallas, said to have been brought by iEneas from Troy. The church, now that of S. Maria del Sole, is of elegant Greek architecture, circular, sur¬ rounded by a portico of nineteen Corinthian columns on a flight of steps, the whole ot Parian marble; the roof was originally covered with bronze, brought trom Syracuse, which has long since been replaced by a less costly material. No. 88 .—Rape Tarpea. The celebrated Tarpeian rock, the place whence criminals were thrown, was in the ear l y days of Rome of considerable height, but from the top of the hill having been levelled, and the ground below much filled with rubbish, the highest part is not at present above fifty feet. PLATE II. No. 1.— S* Cecilia. This church which is a very neat and well decorated edifice, stands on the site of the house of St. Cecilia ; the ancient bath where she suffered martyrdom forms a chapel, in which are some rare paintings. No. 2.— S. F rancesco a Ripa. So named from being near the Ripa Grande, the ancient port of the Tiber. It contains the Palavicini Chapel, one of the richest in Rome. No. 3 .—Masco Capitolina. The Museum of the Capitol communicates with Palazzo Conservatori, and is, like it, filled with fine paintings, antiquities, and other works ot art. No. 7.— Sa Maria delV Orta. An extremely beautiful little church, built by Giulio del Orta, whence it takes its name; it contains some splendid paintings by the Zuceheri. No. 8.— S. Pietro in Montorio. Erected by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, on the Janiculum hill where St. Peter was crucified • on the precise spot where the martyrdom took place, stands a beautiful tde temple’built by Palladio. This church formerly contained Raffael s Trans- figurarion, esteemed the finest picture in the world; after its return from Pans it was taken to the Vatican, and the church receives a pension in lieu. No. 10.— Villa Pamphili. A fine villa belonging to the Doria family, about a mile from the city. The house was built by Algardi, and the extensive gardens are supposed to occupy the site of those of the Emperor Galba. „ ... No. 13.— Pal. Cafferent. This extensive building is supposed to occupy the sites of the house of Ovid and the c ^Philosophers on the Capitoline hill. The palaces ot Rome are nearly all on School of ’ quadrangle with a court in the centre, into which the staircase itnT it «» 0 „ each floor, and arc paved with bricks ; .hey all contain collections, more or less extensive, of fine paintings and raie works of art. No. 14.— M. Janiculum. One of the seven hills, Ancus Martius added it to the city, and converted it into a citadel; the communication was by the Sublician bridge, the first erected in Home, or it is said in Italy, l’orsenna, king of Etruria, encamped here ; it was also the retreat of the senators during the civil wars, to avoid the resentment of Octavius. Numa and the poet Italicus were buried here. No. 17.— Pal. Corsini. A noble and most magnificent building, many years the residence of Christina, the celebrated queen of Sweden, who died here. No. 18.— S. Ambrogio. Celebrated for containing the Martyrdom of St. Stephen, the finest work of Pietro di Cortona. No. 20. — S. Angelo in Pescheria. A small church in the great fish-market, said to stand on the site of part of the Theatre of Marcellus. No. 21.— Portico d P Octave. This magnificent edifice stood between the Flaminian Circus and the theatre of Marcellus; it was erected by Augustus, in honour of his sister Octavia. The portico formed a parallelogram, composed of a double row of 270 Corinthian columns of white marble, adorned with statues, enclosing a court, in which were two temples dedicated to Jupiter and Juno, a library, and a large hall for the exhibition of paintings. A small portion of the portico, being one of the entrances, is all that now remains. Many of the pillars are, however, supposed to be built up in the neighbouring houses. This is one of the most filthy spots in all Rome, it being the Ghetto degli Ebrei, or quarter of the Jews, who, whatever their numbers may be, are compelled to reside in this low, dirty, and confined situation. They are principally descendants of the Jews brought captives by Titus to Rome. No. 26. — Pal. Farnese. One of the most extensive and most beautiful of the many palaces of Rome ; it pre¬ sents four fronts exactly alike, in the purest style of architecture ; partly the work of Sangallo, completed by Michael Angelo, and Giacomo della Porta, by order of Paul III. the materials being from the Coliseum, and the theatre of Marcellus. The numerous apartments are filled by the choicest works of the old masters in painting and sculpture, ancient bronzes, and fine frescos by A. Caracci. In front of the palace stand two immense basons of granite, from the baths of Caracalla, and the sarcophagus of Caecilia Metella. No. 27. — S. Carlo a Catinari. An elegant Church, erected in 1612, and dedicated to that excellent man and modern saint, Charles Borromeo; to which is added Catinari, from a manufactory of wooden dishes, called Catini, carried on in the Piazza. It has one of the finest cupolas in Rome, the interior of which is painted by Dominichino. No. 28. — Pal. Mattel. An extensive and handsome building, erected on the site of the circus Flaminius, containing many noble works of art, ancient and modern. No. 30. — Tor. dd Specchi. A species of nunnery, where a company of respectable females, chiefly widows, reside under the direction of a superior, but without being bound by any vows; they receive children to educate, and go out under certain regulations. No. 31.-— S. Onofrio. A small church, ornamented with fine frescos, by Dominichino; it contains the tombs of Torquato Tasso, who died in the adjoining convent, and Alessandro Guidi. No. 32. — S. Andrea a Monte Cavello. A beautiful little church, built by Bernini, in the form of an ancient temple, and adorned with many fine antiques. In the chapel of St. Stanislas, who lived and died in the adjoining convent, is a splendid sarcophagus of lapis lazuli, containing his remains. 13 No. 33.— S. Pietro. The first basilica, and the largest and most magnificent church, not only in Rome, but in the whole world; the labour of ages, the wealth o< kingdoms, the spoils of ancient times, and the proudest efforts of modern art, have been employed to produce this noble structure, which is truly called one of the most wonderful of the works of man. St. Peter, after his crucifixion, was interred near this spot, in the circus of Caligula, and a small oratory was shortly after erected over his remains, which Constantine replaced bv a church in 324 ; this church was demolished at the beginning of the sixteenth century, to make way for the present structure. The work was commenced by Paul II., on the plans of Bramanti Lazari; continued by Leo X., on those of Sangallo and Uaifael; and by Paul III., on those of Michael Angelo, to whose genius all the magnificent portions are due, and it is to be regretted that he did not live to see it completed; the church was at last finished, under the papacy of Julius V., in 1614, having occupied precisely one century. The colonnade was added by Alexander VII. in 1655, and the sacristy, and much internal decoration, by Pius VII., as late as 1800, so that it has taken three centuries to bring it to its present state of perfection, the cost of which is estimated at ten millions and a half sterling; a singular fact connected with which is, that the enormous sums collected by the sale of indulgences, &c. for this purpose, first led to the Reformation. The exterior of the church is of Travertine stone, of a pure and bright colour, much of which was taken from the septizonium of Sep. Severus, the length is 614 feet, and the whole, exclusive of the piazza, stands on five acres of ground; the extreme height is 448 feet, the utmost to which the enterprise of man has carried any structure. The front is 180 feet in height by 400 in width, approached by three successive flights of marble steps, from either side of which extends a grand colonnade of four rows of pillars, surmounted by 102 statues of saints, which, sweeping round, encloses an immense area, having in the centre an Egyptian obelisk, and two beautiful fountains. The obelisk, of red granite, is the largest wrought stone in Europe, being 84 feet in height, and weighing 300 tons. It was brought to Rome, and erected in his circus by Caligula; Sextus V. placed it in its presg-nt position at the cost of jg.9000. The interior of the church it is impossible to describe ; it is encrusted with the richest and rarest marbles, and adorned with every art that painting, sculpture, and taste could devise; the chapels, altars, and tombs, are of surpassing splendour, and the whole, in magnitude and magnificence, is unparalleled. No. 34.— Vatican. Some writers affirm that this immense pile was erected by Nero, and bestowed by Constantine on the Roman Pontiffs, others say that it was entirely the work of the latter; almost every succeeding sovereign has added to it, until it has become of the enormous extent of 70,000 feet in circumference; the difference in the styles of these additions, have made the exterior not very prepossessing, but the immense and almost incredible collection of paintings and statues, together with the prodigious and splendid library of 40,000 ancient MSS., and a vast number of printed books of the fifteenth century, have deservedly raised its fame, above that of any other palace in the world. Many of the works contained in the various apartments, courts, and galleries (which exceed two miles in length), are inimitable, especially the frescoes of Raffael, which, although they have suffered from time, and the ill usage of the German soldiers quartered in these rooms, when Rome was taken by assault in 1528, are still the finest in existence. The Sistine chapel contains the last judgment of Michael Angelo; and the chapel of St. Paul some fine paintings, and the valuable pontifical plate and jewels. In the picture gallery, all is of the first class, the transfiguration by Raffael, and the communion of St. Jerome, by Domenichino, are universally allowed to be the two finest pictures in the world. In the sculpture gallery, amongst the spoils of ancient Rome, are the celebrated Laocoon, Apollo Belvidere, crouching Venus, Ganymede, and the famous Torso Hercules, so much admired by M. Angelo. No. 35.— Sutrium. A town of ancient Etruria, now called Sutri, twenty-four miles from Rome; it stands on an insulated rock in a very strong situation, but fell at a very early period into the hands of the Romans. Sutrium is said to have been the birth-place of Pontius Pilate. No. 39 .— M. Capitolinus. The hill of the Capitol, is, on many accounts, a most interesting spot; the origin of its name, from the head of Tolus, and the prediction of universal empire to those who held it, are well known; it was anciently called Saturmus, also larpcms, from the treachery of Tarpeia, now corrupted into Campidoglio; the lull is ot considerable 14 height, but not so high as formerly, and is about a mile in circumference at its base; the two summits had, in the early days of Rome, temples dedicated to Jupiter Capito- linus, and Jupiter Feretrius, the intermontium or space between, being the zelum or asylum for outlaws, erected by Romulus; this is now the piazza del Campidoglio, an open square, the buildings forming the right and left of which, are the galleries of pictures and statues, erected from the designs of Michael Angelo, and both containing very fine collections. The central building is the palazzo Senatorio, from the tower of which the present view was taken, consequently the roof only is seen; on the fourth side, is the ascent by a noble flight of very wide and broad steps, at the bottom of which are two Egyptian lionesses of basalt, from a temple of Isis; at the top are two colossal statues with horses, called Castor and Pollux, supposed by some to be the work of Hegesias, from the temple of Jupiter Tonans ; on either side are two large trophies, generally called the trophies of Marius, they came from the Castello dell’acqua Julia, by some they are called the trophies of Domitian, others ascribe them to Trajan; to the right and left are statues of Constantine Caesar, and Constantine Augustus, from the baths of the Quirinal hill, also the first mile stone from the Appian way. In the centre of the square, is an equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, the only bronze statue remaining of ancient Rome ; it originally stood in the Forum, whence it was taken to the Lateran, and finally placed in its present position, by Paul III. in 1538, and is considered a masterpiece of art. No. 44. — Sa Agnese. A fine church, erected by Borromeni; its form is a Greek cross, surmounted by a noble cupola, and two small towers; it stands in the piazza Navona, which place, every Sunday, during August, is laid two or three feet under water, in which the populace ride and paddle about. No. 46. — Castel di S. Angelo. The mole Adriano, erected by Adrian in the gardens of Domitian ; it is two stories high, the low r er square, the upper round, it was formerly covered with Parian marble, and encircled by a portico, and surmounted by a cupola surrounded by statues, the PonsAilius was the approach to it; during the middle ages it was used as a fortress, and the upper works of brick were added by Alexander VI., when it became the citadel of Rome; it takes its name from a statue of the Archangel Michael, placed there to com¬ memorate a vision of St. Gregorio, and is now used as a state prison. It was in attempting to escape from this place, that Benvenuto Cellini broke his leg. No. 48. — Cob della Sapienza. The principal university of Rome, commenced by Boniface VIII., and completed by Alexander VII.; the building is large, the church fine ; there are professor chairs for •every faculty, and an excellent library, called after its founder the Alexandrine, containing 23,000 volumes. No. 49. — S. Ignazio. A magnificent church, erected by the Cardinal L. Ludovisio ; it belongs to the Jesuits, who have lavished vast sums in its decoration. No. 51 — S. Andrea in Mantuccia. A small church, erected on the site of the temple of Juno Moneta. No. 52.— Pantheon. The most perfect of the remains of ancient Rome, and the only one of the Pagan temples that retains anything of its original appearance. It was erected by Agrippa, 20 B. C., in memory of Augustus’s victory over Antony, and was dedicated to Jupiter Ultor, and all the Gods, whose statues in it, were, according to their degrees, of gold, silver, bronze, or marble; the building is circular, with a noble dome, and a fine portico of sixteen pillars of oriental granite ; there are not any windows, the light being admitted by a circular aperture in the dome; the fine marble with which the walls were encrusted, and the brass which covered the roof, have long disappeared, the bare bricks alone are left. Pope Boniface IV. dedicated it to the Virgin, and removed into it the bones of various saints and martyrs, from the different cemeteries, enough to fill twenty-eight waggons. It also contains the busts of celebrated men of all countries, inscriptions, &c. No. 53. — S. Agostino. A neat church w ith a cupola, the first constructed in Rome ; in the convent contiguous is the best public library in the city. 15 No. 54— Monte Mario. The villa Mellina, on the summit, is frequented on account of the fine view it com¬ mands, and the villa Madama at its base is interesting, from having been erected by Raffael and G. Romano, and having been the residence of Catherine di Medicis, niece of Leo X. No. 56.—Pal. Citorio Stands on mount Citorio, an artificial elevation, said to have been produced by the ruins of the amphitheatre of Statilius Taurus; the palace was commenced by the Ludovisi family, and finished by Innocent XII., who appropriated it to the administra¬ tion of justice. A fine obelisk brought from Egypt by Augustus, who placed it before the temple of Juno Lucina, stands in front of the palace. No. 58.— Pal. di Venezia. A large palace, formerly belonging to Venice, recently inhabited by the Austrian embassy. No. 59 —Veii. The early rival of Rome, called the Latin Troy, from its having withstood a ten years’ siege; it was the most important of the conquests of the infant republic. About thirteen miles from the city. No. 61.— Col. tf Antonine. Erected by the senate to M. Aurelius Antoninus, the bassi relievi which run spirally from bottom to top, representing the Marcomannic war ; it is composed of twenty-eight blocks of Parian marble, and is 123 feet in height; the statue of the Emperor, which formerly stood on its summit, has been replaced by that of St. Paul. No. 63.— Corso. Formerly considered one of the finest streets in Europe, and at present the widest and best in Rome; it traverses part of the Via Flaminia and the Via Lata of ancient Rome; and for the numerous palaces and splendid buildings it contains, can scarcely be matched ; it is one mile in length. During the carnival it is extremely gay, particu¬ larly on the day of the horse races, which are held in it, and from which it derives its name. No. 64.— Piazza del Popolo. The principal entrance to Rome is by the Porta del Popolo, originally the Flaminian gate, on the road to Florence ; the gate built by Vignola is very handsome, it opens into a fine square, called Piazza del Popolo, in the centre of which, is a fine Egyptian obelisk 80 feet in height, which was brought to Rome by Augustus. From this square run three principal streets, one on each side of the Corso, divided by the churches of Sa Maria, di Monte Santo, and Sa Maria dei Miracoli; two handsome edifices erected in 1662, when the piazza was cleared for the entrance of Christina Queen of Sweden. No. 65 — M . Pinceana. The most magnificent promenade in Europe, is on the Pincean hill ; it was com¬ menced by the French when masters of Rome, and finished by Pius VII. No. 66.— aS''* Maria d ’ Ara Cceli. A mean looking church, wholly devoid of external ornament, supposed to stand on the site of the temple of Jupiter Feretrius ; a flight of 124 steps of marble, brought from the temple of Jupiter Quirinus, forms the ascent to it from the Campus Marti us ; the interior has twenty-two ancient columns of granite, and the whole appears to be an assemblage of fragments of other buildings. It was whilst musing in this church, “ whilst the Friars were singing vespers in the temple of Jupiter,” that Gibbon (as he tells us) conceived the idea of writing the decline and fall of Rome. No. 67.— Villa Medicis. Now the French academy, established by Louis XIV., for students in the arts from Paris; the extensive gardens are a fashionable promenade. No. 68.— Trinitd di Monte. Conspicuous from its situation on the Pincean hill; it was erected by Charles VIII. of France, in 1494, and is still considered to belong to that nation ; it is approached by a flight of 135 steps, and has a fine Egyptian obelisk in its piazza. 16 No. 69. — M. Soracte. Now called S. Oreste; a fine and singularly formed mountain, twenty-seven miles from Home; on its summit stands the convent of S. Silvestro, about 2300 feet above the level of the sea; the small town of S. Oreste contains 1000 inhabitants. No 70. — S a Maria di Loretto. A small but beautiful church, of an octagonal shape, erected by Sangallo; it stands in the Forum of Trajan. No. 71- — S. Andrea alle Fratti. A square brick church with a cupola, erected by Julius III. in 1527, as a memorial of his deliverance from the enemy during the sacking of Rome. No. 72. — Pal. Barbarini. On the Quirinal hill, one of the most extensive buildings in Rome, it was formerly the residence of Charles IV. of Spain ; the fine library is open to the public. No. 73. — Villa Borghese. A fine villa, erected by Cardinal Scipio Borghese in 1610; the park, about three miles in circuit, laid out in the English style, is open to the public. No. 77.— Pal. Colonna. This immense structure stands on the site of the Doraus Cornelii, the house of the Scipios, and part of the baths of Constantine; the Colonna gallery, in respect to size, is the finest in Rome. No. 80. — M. Cavello. The Quirinal hill, now known by the name of Monte Cavello, from the two celebrated horses found in the baths of Constantine, being placed on its summit. These horses have occasioned many disputes amongst antiquarians, they are said to have been brought from Athens by Constantine, and to have been the works of Phidias and Praxiteles; with each horse is the colossal figure of a man 18 feet in height; by some they are called Castor and Pollux, by others, Alexander taming Bucephalus; between them stands a fine Egyptian obelisk. The Quirinal or Pontifical palace, the residence of the Popes, is a truly noble and princely structure, it was commenced on the baths of Constantine, by Paul III., and completed by succeeding pontiffs. No. 81. — Pal. Rospig/ioso. On the baths of Constantine, with the spoils of which it is much enriched; in a pavilion in the garden, is the celebrated fresco, the Aurora of Guido. No. 85. — Terme di Paulus JEmiVus. Some extensive ruins of brick, forming a semicircle, with a covered arcade round the interior, they are so mutilated, that but little can be known about them, and are by some considered to be the ruins of a theatre. No. 86. — M. Vacuni. A prominent mountain in Sabina, anciently called Vacuna, from the temple of a Goddess of that name. LONDON: PRINTED JSY T. BRETTELL, RUPERT STREET, IIAYMARKET.