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 4 
 
 \ - 
 
 . to. 
 
 J 
 
 E^^r72 V ^' ;P u^ (E > d r Und) U ? lY > in Us ° n S inal Glor >'' Ruine ^"d Revival, Being an 
 
 ,i rora iJring ami Place, 1660, first edition, clean unpressed copy aaL SmBr - 
 4 No^T "■" " m " ari IU,iaC Rcrumc " ' 6 °°' - d *e Itinera™ Padua, S£ ByfHnjc 
 
/ 
 

JViuhn print? J . for H:<Twy ford. T:Dlinij . JC I VI ace. uCa L?5o . 
 
11 A JL Y, 
 
 IN IT S ORIGINAL 
 
 GLORY,RUINEand REVIVAL, 
 Being an E xa& S II R V E Y 
 
 Of the Whole 
 
 GEOGRAPHY, 
 H I S TO R Y 
 
 Of That FAMOUS 
 
 COUNTRY; 
 
 With the Adjacent Iflandsof S ICILY 
 
 MALTA,&c. 
 And what ever is Remarkable in 
 
 ROME 
 
 (TheMiftrefs of the W O R L D ) And all 
 
 thofe Towns and Territories, mentioned in Antient 
 and Modern Authors. 
 
 Tranflated out of the Originals, for General Satisfa&ion. 
 By Edmund Warcupp, Efquire. 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed by S. Griffin, for H.Trvyfordpho. Dri»g t and /: vlace, and are 
 to be fold in Vine Court middle Temple, at the George in Fleetftreet,znd at 
 Fnmevals Inne Gate in Holborn, 1660. 
 
TO THE 
 
 RIGHT HONOURABLE 
 
 WILLIAM Lord LENTHAL. 
 
 My Lord. 
 
 repeat your L or d- flips Tytles^and the 
 Merits by which yon achieved them , and 
 your jufi Adminijiration under them y re- 
 quires a larger volume then Ihere pre- 
 fentyou, nor had you received any other 
 demonji ration of my duty, till lhad pay- 
 ed it in that kind , could I believe myfelf 
 ft for fo great an enterprise . To contra&l 
 them into the narrow compafs of an Epiftle , is a diminution I 
 dare not think^of, fince no Header capable of this treatife can be 
 ignorant of more then I could here tell him^flonld 1 extend it much 
 beyond the ordinary limits : and Pojierity can turn over no leaf in 
 the Englifl) Hijiory ( during our laU twenty years tranfaStions) 
 wherein he will not find frequent mention of your Lord- flips 
 name fo involved in the principal affaires, that no alteration 
 the Ifland canfuffer(whil'Ji inhabited by men) can extinguijJj yoitr 
 memory. A changeof language in our Nation by foreign Conquefior 
 confufi9n lil^e that of Babel, would for ajhort time obfcure it j 
 but retained by all other parts of the knowing world in their me- 
 morials ofmrfnpendious changes y how foon will the next commerce 
 bring it bacl^again s? and confecr ate your name to the utmofi ex- 
 tent of time. Amidjl thefe confederations! make humble tender of 
 all 1 can . The Itinera ry of I ta ly , tranflated long after my return 
 thence , in thofe vacant hours which 1 allowed to diverfion^ 
 without farther intention then to renew that language by a re- 
 tranflation ( which occafioned my fo clofe keeping to the Italian 
 
 B x names 
 
The Epiftle Dedicatory. 
 
 names and \dior, e)and once more to travel that celebrate Coimtrey 
 in this exact description , -whither in my earlier years your Lord- 
 jhip addrefjed me . Taking wing tbeiefore from your Lordfvips 
 Hand y and perjuit from your direclion, the Quarry ( fuch as it is) 
 ought to be your Lordfoips attheretrive j and though perhaps 
 you will not efteem it jit to range in thefrji courfe of Bookj on your 
 Lordjlups wellfurnijhedTableyyet it may deferve ajhare in the fe- 
 condy affording a pleafant repaft even to thofe } who require a more 
 fubjiantial meal, 'to advance that thought a little \and call it Man- 
 na (fab in every mans mouth as he beji lihgd) though proper e- 
 noughtothe Countrey wber^it abounds in great perfeclion , and 
 agreeable to this worb^where all appetites y alltajisyway be delight - 
 edy would perhaps appear arrogance in me , who deliver it not 
 pure from the treeQ on which it falls *)but as from an Apothecaries 
 fljopy where it may have received fome taint. Yet tbofe imper- 
 fections your Lordjhip will pardon, and for your Lordjlnpsfake 
 this A' at ion, (at leafl in fome meafu re) becanfe devoted to you up- 
 on the fcore of pnblique gratitude as well as the particular obli- 
 gation, rf 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 . t .. Your LordQiipsmoft affectionate 
 
 Nephew,and molt obedient 
 
 Servant 
 
 £DMO ND W ARCVf P. 
 
A 
 
 PREFAC 
 
 TO THE 
 
 READER 
 
 O U havehe>r£ the Itinerary 
 of luh$. guide to all that tra- 
 vel thither,a memorial after 
 their return, a juft entertain- 
 ment to the learned 3 6c a plea- 
 a fing diverfion to thofe who ) 
 ! lave not given themselves the trouble of un- 
 neceflarie letters; whilft with eafie Journies 
 they pafs through the mod celebrate part of 
 the habitable Earth,dire&ed by this Treatife 
 to the view or contemplation of all tha t is ex- 
 cellent in art,or nature.Such indeed is the fci- 
 tuation of the Count ry,fuch the nature of the 
 fbile,fuch the antient manners of the people , 
 as gave them a juft Prerogative to the Empire 
 of the world:proportioncd to their dominion 
 were their ac"tions,the great examples of eniu- 
 inpagesinallthatwasimitablejtheirwonde^^^ 
 
 A and 
 
THE P REE 'ACE. 
 
 and amazement in what exceeds the hope of 
 imitation. Of both you have a tranfitory ac- 
 count Co interwoven with the general fur- 
 vay, thatitisfcarce poffiblea volume of this 
 fize, can contain more, or more worthy re- 
 marquesof perfons 3 places, things, from the 
 remoteft of times to this inllant. For befide 
 the neceflarie inftruclion in the numberof 
 miles, & con veniences of paffage from Town 
 toTown,through every part that can recom- 
 pence the trouble of a journey, you find abreif 
 and yet a lively defcription of their feveral 
 fcituations,a repetition of their Hiftorie, Go- 
 vern m ent, capital Families s eminent perfbns, 
 ruined Amphitheaters, Arches,Bathes, old 
 Temples, later Churches , Palaces of both 
 forts with their various ornaments^what they 
 have bin& what they are, when,and by whom 
 founded,ruined,orreftored.Notanythingan- 
 tient or modern . which a man upon the place 
 ought to understand, feems omicici! , nor is 
 there anything infertedtotheunneceffary 
 burthen of his memory :noTreatife in the Ita- 
 lian tongue was e verfo acceptable to grangers, 
 none on this fubjedt defervedfo well from the 
 nat i ves . Wha te ver therefore the fuccefs be in 
 the tranflation,you cannot but commend this 
 Gentiemans choice, who after many years 
 return from that pleafing journey, inten- 
 ded only a recollection of the language, and 
 review of the Countrey,without any defigne 
 of making his papers publique,till allured by 
 his friends they would in all hands meet afa- 
 
 voura- 
 
THE PREFACE. 
 
 vourable reception; fiace the early progrefs of| 
 our Engl ifh y outh,and fhor t abode there,feidom 
 gives them opportunity to arrive to any per- 
 fection in thtt fpeech,till they are ready for de- 
 parture,nor do many of them long retain it. Of 
 thofe how few are there that prefer not difconr- 
 fes in their own? especially on a fubjeel w ch - ad- 
 mits no continued elegancie of (tile, or contains 
 any thing noteafiiy reducible to another Mi- 
 ome Such as have traverft. theHiftory onIy,will 
 find in every leaf a new delight by the brief 
 recitals of the beft Authors , enlightned with 
 Chronologie,5cmany doubtful paitages redue'd 
 to certainty by the fite and diftance of the moft 
 memorable Cities, Fields, & villages celebrate 
 inL atin 6c Italian floriesvThofe who are hitherto 
 unacquainted with either, will here find enough 
 to inform themfelves,<3c fatisfieothers,that they 
 are not ignorant of any thing worth knowledge 
 in that Country. Kay even to r K<*m who little 
 regard the Hiltory or Oeography ,devotion wil 
 render it acceptable, the moft important cere- 
 monies of the Roman Church being briefly dif- 
 cours *d,and expofed to thedifferent cenfures of 
 thofe that read them with fcorn or reverence. 
 If there are any in the number of Readers who 
 believe themfel ves unconcerned in all that is/ 
 hitherto off red,there yet remains for them fuf- 
 ficient entertainment, in the magnificent buil- 
 dings,elegant Gardens, Statues,Embofments , 
 Paintings of all fbrts a andin every fort more ex- 
 cellent then all the other parts of Eur ope pretend 
 unto. Hence did the barbarous Britaim , Gauh> 
 
 A z 
 
 Ger- 
 
the v kef ace. 
 
 j Germans &?& derive their firft civili ty,and hence 
 tin all fucceed.ingages received their beftfupply. 
 [Whointhefe nations lefs barbarous then their 
 I Anceftorsxan think of that Country without re- 
 | vc ece? who can peevifhly refol ve to be ignorant 
 [of their itoryby refufing this Treatife? though 
 I confefs the Originals whence this Gentleman 
 [derives it, are not without manifold errors by 
 I the tranflation of Greek and Latin names intoj 
 Italian, and extreme negligenee intheimprefli~j 
 pas, fo that the englifh verfion wants a doublei 
 iApoiogie,whilftit oft-times follows thofem u 
 \ flakes, and is in the phrafefar from the per- 
 i fedion it had appeai'd in,had our Tranflator in- 
 | tended it for publique view. Yet is there no real 
 jlapfe in i he main, & every where intelligible: 
 the faults of the prefs are as carefully corrected as 
 the Printers imporunate haft will permit, And 
 whatever imperfections the curious Readerlhall 
 after thefe reafbnaSlft pyrufes difcover,it is to be 
 hoped he will gently pardon, or vuuchlaf e to the 
 Book-feller fomthing of his own more excellent 
 then what he now recommends to the Nobility, 
 Gentry, and Merchants of the Nation. 
 
 FarewdL 
 

 TABLE 
 
 A 
 
 Ncotta. 
 Are-czo. 
 
 BAj}'a»$. 
 Brefcia 
 Bergamo 
 Bologna 
 Brefigella. 
 Brittonoro. 
 
 Crema. 
 Comt 
 Cotignola. 
 Cremona 
 Chioza 
 Cervia. 
 Cefena. 
 
 Florence. 
 Faen^a, 
 I Ferrara. 
 Forli. 
 
 \ Forlimpopoli, 
 
 OF 
 
 THE FIRST 
 
 PART 
 
 125 
 100 
 
 3 
 56 
 60 
 
 87 
 106 
 119 
 
 62 
 
 75 
 
 105 
 107 
 113 
 118 
 
 120 
 
 Fa*o 
 
 Fojfumhuno. 
 
 Foli^ne. 
 
 G 
 
 Enoua. 
 
 I 
 
 Mela. 
 
 123 
 124 
 
 , 3 I 
 
 138 
 
 105 
 
 93 
 106 
 in 
 118 
 
 180 
 
 LOreto 
 Lodi. 
 Lake Garda. 
 LmcH. 
 
 M 
 
 MArofiica ( 
 Milan. ■ 
 Modem*. 
 Mautoua. 
 Maeerata. 
 
 127 
 80 
 55 
 
 x 35 
 
 4 
 64 
 
 85 
 109 
 
 131 
 
 PJdotiA. 
 Pavia. 
 Placenta. 
 Parma. 
 
 Pifioia. 
 
 Pi/a. 
 
 Pefaro. 
 
 R 
 
 R 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 Oeera. 
 Narni. 
 
 Ravenna. 
 Rimini. 
 Recanati. 
 
 SCarperia. 
 Sienna, 
 Sarfixa. 
 
 Spolete. 
 
 17 
 77 
 81 
 82 
 99 J 
 99 
 122 
 
 84 
 114 
 121 
 I30 
 
 98 
 101 
 120 
 132 
 
 TRevifo. 5 
 
 Trtnte, 1 
 
 ^Terni. IJ3 
 
 Territory ef Verona. ^53 
 V 
 
THE TABLE, 
 
 VEnice. 
 Vicen^a. 
 Verona. 
 Valleys of Brefcia. 
 
 From Brefcia to Milan. %g\ „ _ 
 
 J J \trom fanoto Fw 
 
 From Mil 'an to Bolog-'J I Ugno by the Via £» 
 
 w<j, £7 f Af Fw Emilia ^ "jg milia. 
 
 to Florence andRome, \ 
 
 From Fano to Fn-1 
 
 Ugno and Rome. J 
 
 6 
 
 39j 
 
 49 From Bologna to Flo- 
 5<8 renceStenna and Rome. 
 
 1 93 
 
 Voyages or Journeys. 
 
 F/Jotw 77™/ to Venice. 1 
 f>of» Milan to Fazia. 
 76 
 
 Trow Milan, to CVfO 
 
 mona ,Mantona ,F tr^xoq 
 rara and Rimini. Jj 
 
 From Ferrara toVenice.it 3 
 From Ferrara to Ra- 
 venna and Rimini 
 
 124.' 
 
 125 
 
 r- THE 
 
 SECOND P A"R T 
 
 contains the Defcription of 
 
 K O M E: 
 
 THE 
 
 TABLE 
 
 OFTHE 
 
 THIRDPART. 
 
 Avtrfa. 
 
 AttelladegliOfcf. 
 Lake Avernns. 
 
 '-$9 T 
 •60 J_/ 
 
 '-97 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 Aia. 
 
 CApun. 
 Cum a. 
 C*tana. 
 
 : ".1 
 
 'Ondi. 
 Formia. 
 
 G 
 
 Atu. 
 
 -95 
 
 -57 
 Z99 
 
 3 23 
 
 303 
 
 252 
 
 Interna 
 
 M 
 
 M0*ff Vefuvie. 
 Meffma. 
 Minturne. 
 Malta. 
 
 268 
 321 
 
 302 
 
 327 
 
 N 
 
 Aples. 
 
 N 
 
 p 
 
 . 
 
 PO*S*mIo. 
 Pert of Poz.z.uolo. 
 Promontory of Mifeno. 
 I Palaces o/thtRomans. 
 \ftifffina. 
 'Patrrmt. 
 
 260 
 
 279 
 285 
 291 
 
 291 
 5.06 
 323 
 
 SVefa. 
 Sicilia. . 
 tfjracufa. 
 Syr.ope or SinvefJA 
 
 T 
 
 Erracina. 
 Tivoli. 
 
 256 
 
 323- 
 301 I 
 
 241) 
 
 309 
 
 Voyage from Na-Z 
 pies to?oz,z,Holo. 
 And ret urn toTivoli.* 
 Villa Acadcmica-* 
 Tulli* Ckeronis. £ 
 Vtlletri. 
 
 247 
 
 293 
 3 el 
 
 The 
 
9 O S T S»d STAGES 
 
 T O 
 
 divers Parts of 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 Ports from Komtto Naples, 
 
 The City Rom?, Ports 
 
 To rheTowerMt^z,aVi.i> I 
 To Marino , l 
 
 To the City rteUeiri; I 
 
 To Ciftcrna where pafs the 
 Ri~er J ft ura. I 
 
 To Sariironetta, j 
 
 To Cafa Nova , I 
 
 To B»dia, i 
 
 To Fox At. I 
 
 To Holla behind Marina, I 
 j To Garigliano where you ferry 
 ; over the River Garigliano, i 
 I To the Batrni I 
 
 | Tothi-CafileCaftello, I 
 
 There pafs the River Voltxr- 
 h»s, i 
 
 To P atria, i 
 
 lo Po^mlo, I 
 
 To Naples a mojffamtus Ci- 
 ty *ttd fair Port, i 
 Ports 1 6 
 i Ports from Naples to Medina 
 
 The City Naples. 
 
 Near whereto pafs a f mall 
 
 Rivolett 
 
 To the Torre del Greet, I 
 
 To Barbaz.ona, I 
 There pafs the Kiver Salt. 
 
 To the City Salerni i 
 
 To Taverna pint* i 
 
 To Rivole, I 
 
 To the Duchcjfa , I 
 
 To the Cajile Goletta, l 
 
 To S»>la, I 
 
 ToCaJal Novo, l I 
 Near whereto pafs ihc]River\ 
 
 M'lfe, i\ 
 
 To Rover e Negra, 1 1 
 
 To Alpicia, 2.1 
 tafs the River Lave, 
 
 ToQjiftellstccia, i 
 
 ToVal S. Martim, t 
 
 To the Town Caftro, I 
 
 To Efaro, i 
 
 To Regina , I 
 
 Pafs the River Bttfento, to the 
 
 CitjCofenz,*, I 
 
 ToCaprofedo, I 
 
 To Martorano, I 
 
 Pafs a fmall River , 
 
 To SanBiafto, 
 
 To Ac/ua delta lie a, I 
 
 To Moy.telione, I 
 
 \To S. Pietroa Bnrghc, i 
 
 To Rofa, I 
 
 To S ant' Anna, l 
 
 Pafs the River Mettanro , i 
 
 To Fonego, i 
 
 To Fumarade Mori, I 
 
 Here embarque on the River 
 
 f^rro , for eighc miles and 
 
 four afterwards by Land, 2 
 
 To MejfmaaCity and fair 
 
 Port. 
 
 Ports 36. 
 
 Ports from MejJIft* to Pa- 
 lermo. 
 
 FRom thefaidCicyM/y/»4 
 co Palermo, there are not 
 
 fixed ports fromplace coplace 
 asabovenamed,buc provide 
 and hire Mules from Mejfi- 
 
 »*,there to be found for that 
 fervice , accurtomed to pafs 
 over thofe Mountains both 
 fpeedily and fecurely ■, this 
 
 " journey is 180 Miles^ wher- 
 fore C with the greateft dili- 
 gence)^ cannot be attained 
 in lefs then two daies and a 
 half: which voyage when a- 
 
 ny Mertenger or other per- 
 
 ibn is obliged to> expedite, 
 
 they pay for the faid Mules 
 
 as for twenty Ports P.26 
 
 * * 2 
 
 This journey leads over 
 feveral Mountains, particu- 
 larly, Namari,Aerei , and 
 Mondon. 
 And obligeth the j 
 feveral Rivers, she chief 
 whereof are, Caftriregali , 
 Oliver™ , Trajano, Fttria- 
 no, Sains, ixATermini, 
 
 P. 20. 
 
 Ports from Naples toLez& 
 by Paglia, and the Province 
 of Ottranto. 
 
 Ports 
 
 "the City Naples. 
 
 TO Marigliano^ 2 
 
 To Cardermle 1 
 
 To AtHiVnoa City ..- 
 
 ■;ipality, 1 
 
 To Adettte cant: 1 j 
 
 To Toracutio I j 
 
 To Afcoli, a£ity and PWc«- 
 pality, 2 
 
 To A:$t<;iviva 1 
 
 f raver fe the Apenine Hills. 
 To the houfe of the Cexnt 1 
 'To Cirignoia, 2 
 
 To Canofia, 2 
 
 To Vdria, 2 
 
 To Ricco, 1 
 
 To Bifonto, 2 
 
 To Caporto, I 
 
 To Couverfono, ~ 
 
 To Monopoli , a. City on the ' 
 coafis of the Adriatic^ Sea, 2 
 To Fagliano 
 To Aftone 
 To Sant Ann* 
 To Bufveglia 
 To San Tietro, 
 I ToLe z.zc a City of Vitglia: 
 Thence to Ottranto are 241 
 milet 
 
Pofts todivtrs Parts of 
 
 miles, reputed and fayed for i 
 ?"p, 3* 
 
 Pofts 33. 
 
 Pofts from Rome to Na 
 pies, by che Valmone and the 
 Aglieri. 
 The City Rome. P«/?j 
 
 TO theTorre MezzaVia. I 
 To the Cava del' Agli- 
 eri, 3 
 To Volmontont 2 
 To Caftel Matteo, 1 
 To Florenthio Caftello, 2 
 To lord, 1 
 To C rep am, 2 
 To Pome Carvo, where paffe 
 the River Garigliano , I 
 Jo the Frate Villa I 
 Jo Carigliano, 2 
 Te Bag»i, 2 
 To Cap I Caflello, 1 
 Pafs the Ri'jer Volturno 
 To P atria and Pqz.k,hoIo , 3 
 To Naples , 1 
 Pofts 21. 
 Pofts from Rome to the ho- 
 ly houfe of Loreto. 
 
 the City Rome. Pofts 
 
 TO Prima? orta,M.7P ■!■ 
 to the Caflle NovaCa- 
 
 To Rignarro, 1 
 
 PaffetheTyber, 
 To the City Civita Cafiella- 
 na, J 
 
 Paffe tbelyber, 
 ToOttiricoli, J 
 
 To Narni, a City, l 
 
 Repaffe the Tyber 
 To the City Terni, 1 
 
 To Strettura, 1 
 
 To the City Spoleto , I 
 
 To Paffo di Spoleti, 2 
 
 To Varchiano, 2 
 
 Pafs the River Trent in the 
 plain of Dignano , l 
 
 To the Mutia Cafiello , 1 
 To Valcimara, I 
 
 to the City Tolentino, 1 
 
 To the City Macerata, 1 
 Here pajs the Riveo \>aten<,a 
 and go to Rtcanati, whence to 
 Loraois, poft I 
 
 Pofts 19. 
 Pofts from Loreto to Ancona. 
 
 The City Loreto. 
 
 pofts 
 
 TO the City Recanati 1 
 pap the River to the City 
 Of mi, I 
 
 ToAnconaa City&Seaporti. 
 
 Pofts 3 
 Pofts from Rome to Florence 
 I by the way of Valdamo, and 
 \Orvieto. 
 
 The City Rome, pofts 
 
 TO the Ifola Storta 1 
 
 To Ra:ano % I 
 
 To Mwterofa: 1 
 
 ■tyhere ends the Eccleftatical 
 State 
 
 To Ronciirlione a Caflle , 1 
 returnintotheftateofthe Ho- 
 ly Church. 
 To the City Viterbo , 1 
 
 To the City Aionte Fiafcon 1 
 To Gapafrica, I 
 
 To Nona under Orvicto , 1 
 To Ponte Carnaiulc, 1 
 
 To Cap I dell a Pievi, 1 
 
 To Cafiigliori de Laco , 1 
 
 To Lorfaia, "1 
 
 To Caflillon Artino , 1 
 
 To Eaftardo, 1 
 
 To Ponte alie vane, 1 
 
 To Fighino, I 
 
 To Treghi, I 
 
 To Florence, 1 
 
 pofts 18. 
 Pofts from Florence to Lucca 
 
 The City Florence. 
 
 PAfs the River Biftn^i 
 To Poggio Cajano, 1 
 
 pafs the Ombrone to the City 
 Pi pi a, 1 
 
 'pafs tin River Pejcia to Bor- 
 ao Bogia, 1 
 
 To the City Lncca, J 
 
 Pofts 4. 
 Pofts from Milan to Ve- 
 nice by the way of Brcfcia 
 and Bergamo, 
 
 $.7 he City Milan, 
 pafs the River Lambro to the 
 
 Caffmadi Pecchi, 
 pafs the Navilio, to the Cans- 
 vita ^here pafs the River 
 Adda, 1 
 
 At two miles dijfanci from 
 whence begins the Venetians 
 Dominion 
 
 ~i 
 
 To the City Bergamo , 1 
 
 pafs the Rivers Serio and O- 
 
 glio, to Vala^znolo, 1 
 
 To Ofpedalette, 1 
 
 pafs the river Mel toBrefcia 1 
 pafs the rivers Naviletto and 
 Chies. To Defenfano 1 
 
 To Vonte di. S. Marco, where 
 
 pafs the River Menze. To 
 
 Caflle NuoVo, I 
 
 To the City Verona, 1 
 
 Here pafs theAdice to Sc aide- 
 re, 1 
 pafs the River Agno to Mon- 
 
 ttbcllo, 1 
 
 To the City Vicenza^and pafs 
 
 the River Bacchiglione i 
 To the City \>adona, 1 
 
 There pajs the River Brent a 
 
 To Liz,afnfma, 2 
 
 Where imbarktng after five 
 
 miles on the Sea yen arrive at 
 Venice. poft 1 
 
 Pofts 18. 
 
 Pofts from Milan to V di- 
 ne in Fritdi. 
 
 The City Milan. 
 
 TO Caffmadi pecchl , 1 
 To Canonic a where pafs 
 the River Adda. 1 
 
 aud there yon leave the Mi~ 
 lanefe Territory and enter 
 the Venetians. 
 To the City Bergamo, \ 
 
 Pafs the Rivers Serio and O- 
 glio to Pala-cuolo j 
 
 To 'Hofpedaletto, j 
 
 Pafs the River Mel to the City 
 Brefcia, j 
 
 Pafs the Nav.lietto and then 
 Chies, toDcfenfano, 1 
 
 To Ponte S. Marco pafs the 
 Menz-o.ToCafiel Novo 1 
 To Verona where pafs the A- 
 dice, 1 
 
 Te Scaldere: 1 
 
 Pafs the river Agno to Mon- 
 te bello: 1 
 To the City Vicenza , 1 
 There pafs the Bacchiglione 
 and the rivers Tcfena and 
 Brent a to Citta Delia , 1 
 At Caflel Franco pafs the 
 Muton, 1 
 Pafs the rivers Piavt and 
 Mondeganto XJderzfi 4 
 To Motta where pafs the Li- 
 ven-za to San Vito, 2 
 To 
 
ITALT. 
 
 To Codrotpo, i 
 
 Pafs the River Torre. To 
 
 Vd'tne the fhief City of the 
 
 Friuli, 1 
 
 Polls 23. 
 
 Pofts from Milan to Bre- 
 fcia. 
 
 The City Milan. 
 To CaJ/ina Btanca, 1 
 
 TotheCafile Cajfano: where 
 pafs the River Adda, 1 
 
 To Martinengo, 1 
 
 To Coccai, 1 
 
 To the City Brefcia: 1 
 
 Pofts 5 
 
 Another way from Milan 
 to Brefcia, where heretofore 
 the Pofts were layed now not 
 
 The City Milan Pofts 
 
 To Caffina Bianco, , 1 
 
 To the Caflle Caffano pajs 
 the River Adda, 1 
 
 Pafs the River Serio, Tc 
 Martinengo , there pafs the 
 Oglio 1 
 
 To Cocci, a 1 
 
 To the Cyu Brefcia , 1 
 
 Pofts 5. 
 
 at Leanano, the Cafieludes to centia. To Fombi, T 
 
 BevUacejM: I To the City Piacen^a pafs tht 
 
 At Montagnana, pjfstbe Ri^ Po, i 
 
 ver Lagnoto Efte, Ii Pafs the Rivers Nv.ro and 
 
 To the City Vadoua, whet her Reilo Arta, 1 
 
 a conveyance lies alfobywa-\ At Fiorenz.uola pafs a rivo 
 ter, ■ I J let, 1 
 
 1 Li<,afuz,ina,one way go by j To the Borgue $an Donino, 1 
 water, 2 Pafs thelarro then the'Pertm 
 
 T '0 the City Venice by water ij Rivers. To the City Par?-: , 
 To Sant' Jlario, 
 
 Pofts from Mian to Venice 
 by the way ui' Cremona and 
 Mantoua. 
 The it r Milan. 
 To Meregrtano, pafs tbeRiver 
 Lambro, 1 
 
 Pafs alfo the River Muz,z,a 
 te the City Lodiy ' 1 
 
 ToZor/eJco, 
 
 To PtKtghitotte there pafs the 
 Rever Adda, 1 
 
 To the City C remona, 1 
 
 To La Plebe dijan Giacotno 1 
 To Voltino the laft pofl of the 
 Milanefe, r 
 
 Enter the Mantouan Terri- 
 tory, and pafs the river Ogli b 
 To Marcaria, j 
 
 To Qaftcllaccio' 1 
 
 To the City Mantova , \ 
 Here you pafs the Lake over 
 Bridges pafs the River Teyone 
 ToCaftellaro, 
 
 J pafs the River Tartaro T 
 
 i Langone'o in the Veronian 
 
 Territory, 
 
 pafs the R*™r Danitlla and 
 
 pofts 1 8 
 Pofts from Milan to Ferrara 
 
 K 
 
 Eep the foregoing pofls 
 from Milan to Man- 
 
 hich , 
 
 tuua,w>ncn are 
 
 Pafs she River LWZA when 
 the Territory of Parma ends 
 aud that of Modena be, ins. 
 2 the City Reggio , 1 
 
 Pafs the Rivers ■' aftrota and 
 Secchia. To Marxj&a, 1 
 ^ lot he City Mod'.?.,'., I 
 
 To Governolo, where the Mens' To Bon Porto pafs the Sce- 
 ifjues out of the Lake of Man\ chia, l 
 
 toua, 1 T0V0, I 
 
 To Hofiia, 1 To Borneo , 1 
 
 To Maffa of the holy Church, To Finale pafs the River Ca- 
 
 1 firola, 
 To Palantone , there pafs the 
 
 Pot , 
 To Ferrara there repafs the 
 
 pofts 1 5 
 
 Pofls from Ravenna to 
 Ferrara thcCity Ravenne te 
 Fufignano, J 
 
 To the Cafa dtCoppi , 1 
 
 To ArgeKto psift tUt Va. I 
 
 To San Nicolo, ] 
 
 To the City ferrara, 1 
 
 pofts 5. 
 
 pofts from Ferrara to Bolog' 
 nia. 
 
 \'h; City Ferrara, 
 
 To Poggio, 
 
 ToSan Piero in Cafale 
 
 To Fun, 
 
 Xo the City Bologna, 
 
 pofls 4 
 
 Polls from Milan to, Ferrara 
 by Parma. 
 
 The City Milan. 
 To Meregnano : pafs the 
 Lambro, l 
 
 To the City Lodi, 1 
 
 To Zolefco, 1 
 
 Leaving the Milanefe terri- 
 tory and entving that ofPla- 
 
 To Bor.aineilo, I 
 
 Pafs the river Reno, then the 
 
 Pe to the City Ferrara , 1 
 polls 20. 
 
 Pofts from Milan to Bolo- 
 nia,by the (horceft way. 
 $ pofts 
 
 IT eep the above written Way 
 \from Milan toModena\\ 
 2 ben pafs the river Panura,, 
 where yon quit the. Territory 
 of Modena, a-: d nter that cf 
 Bolonia, p^s the lmo'.a. To 
 Sttmoggia, t 
 
 Pafs the rivers Canto and 
 Reno to Bolonta a fair City, 1 
 potts 1 6. 
 Pofls from BoloniaioRon:e 
 by the way of Florence. 
 The City Bolrgna 
 
 PAfs over : he Bridge and 
 afterward r to Guaz,z,o 
 pafs the River Savona. 
 lo Pianoro, 1 
 
 Here begin the Aper.ine Hills 
 To Lciano, 
 Here you determine the Fer 
 
 ritory of Bolania,andFloren 
 tine beains. To Felaiaia, \ 
 To F tore n*,uo 1.1, 1 
 
 To Zovo, I 
 
 Pafs the Riv:r Siene. To San 
 
 Pietro a Sieno, 1 
 
 ToVcellatoio, 1 
 
 To Florence pafs the River 
 
 Arno , 1 
 
 To San Caffano , 1 
 
 19 
 
Pods to divers Parts of 
 
 * e Lt XavcrnclU, 
 
 To the City.Siema, 
 
 'V r ■ 
 
 t o MjUctgmino, 
 
 i e Tormeri. 
 
 Pafs the Jxivtr Orcia 
 
 Scald, 
 
 Pafs a rivolct,and then afcer.d 
 
 tint to Radicofani, 
 
 a Cafilc and food Inn, I 
 
 ■it the Mountains, 
 
 venn a, ; 
 
 To Vrimaro & to Magnava- 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 i ca, 
 l ) To Volani, 
 
 i ' To Gorro pafs there the Vo-, : 
 
 to j To Fornafe repafs the po , : 
 
 pafs the River Adice, 
 
 To the CityChioza, * 
 
 There embarque for Venice, 3 
 
 pofts 40, 
 
 pofts from Rome to Bolonia 
 
 pajs a Rivo/it. To Pontecenti- > through the province Romagna 
 nojhtre f-afs aRivoht trouble- j Th e City Rome , 
 fern: in rainy weather , 1 £. tfO^ Eep the fame pofts 
 Thence a little pafs the Paglia* X^*as above till arri- 
 
 by bridge. To Acqua Pendente ived at this mark^, that is to the 
 off lie holy Chxrth, 1 
 
 To the City Bdfcna, I 
 
 To tht City Alontefiafcone, 1 
 To the City Viterbo, 1 
 
 I Ronciglione, 1 
 
 To Alonttroffa, I 
 
 1 B ace ana, 1 
 
 To Storta, 1 
 
 lube City Rome 1 
 
 Pofts 26. 
 Pofts from Fo\JombroHtto 
 Perugia. At Foffombrone pafs 
 the River, 
 
 TO Jgjiaiana , 1 
 
 To Canria pafs the hills 1 
 'lo the City Giuhileo, I 
 
 To the City and univerfty Pe- 
 rugia, 1 
 Pofts 4 
 Pofts from Rome to Venice. 
 
 The City Rome. pofts 
 
 TO Prima >crta, 1 
 
 To (Zaftt I, n new Caftle 1 
 To Rignam pafs the Tyber, 1 
 To Ci vita Ca full ana: 1 
 
 Repafs the liber, 
 To Otricc/i, I 
 
 To The City Narny , 1 
 
 \pafs thi Tyber again to theCi- 
 tyTerni,thfn to Stretturay 2 
 To Vrote and to SantHeratio 2 
 ToPontecoitcmfio-and the Ci- 
 ty Nocera, 2 
 To Gualdo and to Siftllo , 2 
 To Sheggia, ' t 
 To Cantiana cs'Acqualagna2 
 Vo thcCity TJrbinejbe ftate of 
 that Ditkj and a SeaVort, 1 
 'To Foglia.ef" to Hion.eFiorez 
 $. 1 Coriano and to the Ctty 
 Rimini, 2 
 To B'.llaen and Cefenatico, 2 
 To Savio,andtothe City Ra- 
 
 City Rimini, 21 
 
 To Savignano, 1 
 
 To the City Ctfena t 1 
 
 To the City Forli: 1 
 
 To the City Faenza , pafs the 
 
 river Lamone, 1 
 
 pafs the river Senio to Imola, 
 pafs the River Santerno, 1 
 pafs the rivers y Salerin , And 
 Giana, 1 
 
 To San Nicolo, 1 
 
 f afs the rivers Adice and Sa- 
 
 vona, 1 
 
 pofts 29. 
 Ports fromRowe to Perugia 
 
 THe City, Rome, pafs the 
 Tyber, to Prima Porta,i 
 To Caftel,novo Caftello, I 
 To RigtiiKnjttift tUeTyber, 1 
 To Civits C aftdlana, 1 
 
 Pafs the 3 ybtr lo Ottricvli, i 
 
 7 Narni pafs the Tyber, 
 
 t the City Jerni, 
 
 To Strettura,4nd to Proti, 
 
 To Sant Horatio, j 
 
 To Santa Maria dc gli An- 
 geli, 
 
 '1 Perugia a City and V ri- 
 ver fit y. 
 
 pofts 12 
 PoRs from Perugia to Flo. 
 
 rence. 
 
 The City Perugia. 
 f'O Torte,andOrfaia, 2 
 
 Adice 1 I 
 
 lo San Nicola, 1 J 
 
 pajs the river Salerno to Jmo- 
 
 pafs the river Santerno , the»\ 
 the Senio 1 f 
 
 Fn the City Senio pafs the] 
 Amone , 1 
 
 To Forli, 1 
 
 To Cefena and then to Sevig- 
 nano, \ 
 
 £. To the City Rimini, 1 
 To Cattolica, 1 
 
 To the City PeJ are, 1 
 
 26 
 pofts from Milano to XJr- 
 bino. 
 
 From Milan keep the a- 
 bove written pofts to the 
 City Rimini, 24 
 
 To Coriano, I 
 
 To Monte Fiore, 1 
 
 lo Fogliaan Hoftery, I 
 
 To the City Vrbine, 1 
 
 pofts 28 
 Pofts from Lucca to Gemua 
 
 AT the City Lucca pafs 
 the River Serchio A 
 
 To Caftello Nartino, and 
 to Baftardo , 2 
 
 To Ponte allc Valle, 1 
 
 To Fichini, and to Treghi , 2 
 'liFlorence,paffng the Arno 1 
 potts 
 
 Mazarofo in rhich jiagc,yctt 
 leave theterriiory of Luce a, en- 
 tring the Florentine. I 
 
 To Pietra Santa, 1 
 
 To Mafia at 1 1 rinctpe , 1 
 pajs the River Verftglia to 
 $> Sarez,ana,a City of theft ate 
 of Gem*"*, 1 
 
 pajs the River hi area toLtrci 
 \X hence you may pafs toGenoua 
 
 1 by water as well as Land , 1 
 
 2 j To San Simedio , 1 
 To Borghetto,andto Mante- 
 
 rana- % 
 
 To Biacco and to SeHri , 2 
 At Seftri, jcu may imbarcjue 
 alfo for Genoua , being Jive 
 pofts by water but in an illjea~ 
 fen pafs on by Land, 
 pa ft the River Lrtgna. to Chi- 
 avarapafs the RwzrSturla 1 
 To Repalo an d to Recco 2 
 
 To Bolignafco, pafs the River 
 Befapna , 1 
 
 To Genoua ^City, and Sea 
 Port, 1 
 
 pofts 15 
 Polls from Venice uGenc-a 
 
 Pofts from Milan wPefaro. |by che way of Parma. 
 From Alilan, you mvft I At Venice imbar que for Liza- 
 go to Bt/lonia the way and pofts ! f^ftna , 8 
 whereto, youhave before, i6\To Padoua , pafs the River 
 pafs the rivers Savona and\Brenta, 1 
 
 A 
 
IT ALT. 
 
 \A EP+ 2 
 
 At Montegnana, pafs the Ri- 
 
 \ver Lagno, I 
 
 \ To Bevilaccjna, I 
 
 [Pajfethe Rivir Daniello to 
 
 \San<roneto Fennefe, i 
 
 \Pafs the River Tanaio To 
 
 iCaftdlaro, pafs the Jeyone, i 
 
 To Mantoua , pafs the Man- 
 
 touan Lake, I 
 
 To Borgo Forte, \ 
 
 To Mora, pafs the Fo, i 
 
 To Gnaftallo,a Principality,! 
 
 To Borfello, pafs the River 
 
 Len^a, 2 
 
 To Parma , pafs the River 
 
 Parma, I 
 
 To Fornonovo, on the River 
 
 Parma, 2 
 
 To Borga di val di tarro , 2 
 
 Pafs the Hills,the Marca, & 
 
 the River Vogliafco.Te Fara- 
 
 fi,andto Seftri, 2 
 
 Pafs the River Lavagnajo 
 
 Chiavari, pafs the Sturla, I 
 
 To Repalo and to Recco, 2 
 
 To Jtalignafco , pafs the Be- 
 
 fagna, I 
 
 Ta Geaoua City a Sea Port, i 
 
 Pofts 27 
 
 Pofts from Milan to Genoua. 
 
 To Binafco, 1 
 
 To Pav'n aCity and Co Hedge 
 
 pafj thcTicioo, I 
 
 pafs the Rivers, GronoloKe, and 
 the Po, Pancarana , and to 
 Foghera, 2 
 
 Pajsthe Staforaand Cur one 
 to the City Tortona y pafs the 
 Scrivia to Bittola, 2 
 
 To Seravalle,and to 0ttagio,2 
 Afcend the Zovo,andgo down 
 it. To Ponte Decimo, 2 
 
 Pafs the River Soferiafo Ge- 
 noua , 1 
 
 pofts II 
 
 Polts from Genoua to 1 tntua, sTo QarJ'e/lo and to G~jfafaU6~z 
 
 by Placenta and Mantoua. 
 The City Genovapafs the R i- 
 ver SeriaFo Ponte Decimg, i 
 Afcend and defcend the Zovo 
 To Ottagio, 2 
 
 Near Gavio pafs a fmall 
 ftria.mToSeravalle,aCaftle of 
 the Milanefe i 1 
 
 To Betola. 1 
 
 pons io 
 Poftsfrom Milan'toi on 't- 
 z,o by the aforenamed way 
 The City Milan. 
 $ Take the foregoing pofts from 
 Milan to Cafal Maggiore 
 marked as in this place , y 
 To Berfello pafs the Po\ 1 
 From Ber fella to Corezzoarel 
 
 To the City lortona, 1 thirty five miles, which accor- 
 
 pafs the Stafora to Foghera, 1 ding to the cuftome of the Mo- 
 pafs the River Coppa To Schi- denefes are divided into 4 polls 
 ate.cz.a,pafs the River Ferfai poits 1 3 
 
 ToStradclla, 1 polls from Milano to Trento. 
 
 Here yon quit the Territory of § The City Milan p t a 
 Milan, and enter that of Pia- ' 
 cenza to the Cafile St.Gioan- 
 '■ 1 
 
 pafs the Riuer TidonefTo Rot- 
 
 From Milan to Caftelnevo the 
 pcfis are fet doivn in the ptfls 
 from Milan to Fenice,by Ber- 
 
 gamo and Brefcia 
 to Folgama , 
 To Peri , 
 T0F0, 
 
 pafs th? River Adict 
 ToR.v re, 
 
 F„ Pofts 16 
 
 R«» BrefcU to Trento 
 there is another way to 
 
 tofrenoa Cafile 
 pafs the River frebia to the 
 City Piacen^a, \ 
 
 pafs the Rivers Nuro Relio , 
 Feneno, and Chier all in om 
 fiream , and near Cremona, 
 pafs the River Po, To Cremo- 
 na a City of the ft ate of Mi- 
 fan, 3 
 <SFnm Cremona to Feniceyou 
 
 mil find the pofts in the journy I wit , by the Lake Gar da fat 
 from Milan to Fenice by Cre- the pofts are not layed that way 
 mona and Mantoua marked , nor is the Lake Gar da at all 
 as it here marked, , 14 times payable without dan- 
 
 l'oitS29 ger. 
 pofts from Milan io GuaftalU 
 J he City Mitan pafs the river 
 Lambro to Merignano , 1 
 To theCity Lodi,and toLorlef- I 
 «» 2 
 
 To Pizighitone Caftello pafs 
 the Adda, I 
 
 To the City Cremona, \ 
 
 Toplebe di San Giacomo, j 
 To Folti. j 
 
 tf. To Cafal Maggiore , 1 
 
Pofts to divers Parts of 
 
 Errata. 
 
 Pige*. !. 13. r. theGermans. p. lo.I. 32- r- behold. p. -2. 1 35. r. Grifons p ao. li 7. r.cattelp. 33. 1. 
 io.it. r.when f was in Italy in honour of whomp 38 ( 43. r. araligniry i,ib. 1. 4a. i.inby. 
 p. 46. 1. 39. r. VicenZa,p. 48. 1. 4<. r. for,P- 5°. 1- 48. r.-falr ■?. 54. 1. <l r iikivnie, p. 75. ). 25. r . 
 vil'countc. p. vo. 1. so. forfable r. pretend?- 59- •• ■ 3* f. ; •'i: -..irs p <•'. I- 3 . r. icrrr.. 67. 1. 27. r. 
 many, p. 71. 1. 2.r. me, p 75- 1. 7-r. dele re a, p. 76. 1. 38 r Lake j> 81,]. i.r. as p. 83. 1. 26. r, or,p: 
 84.I.35. r. fuch as have, p. 87. 1. if. r. by for tie, p. 8<,I. ? t. ruin- t,p 62. I. 30 r. paffing, p. 53,1.56 
 r. in thofe, p. 98. 1. 45. r. Florer.cc. p. 99. 1. 6. r. Ombreja, p. 1 355. 1. ■ 6, i 7. r. ncurrparabltneflc. 
 j pagei^.l 31. r. entire, p. tjo.l. . 1. r andbyp.i^j.l.i ;.r.Gcdpi6;.l < *, r.OratiriaHsreilde. p.165.1. 
 22. r. Pallas, p. 107 1. 45. r. fardinal trefident, p. 17©. i.4. r, Kartyr , ib. t. >3- r. old the Tenw 
 pie, p. 174. I.18. r. Plny'ia the , ib . 1. 1 9. dele is , ib. 1. 46. r. tiree, p. 178. l.<j.r. deputed tc him 
 p.170 1 7-r. carcafTes, p. : 8 ' - 1 38. r. difeafed. p. 1J3. 1. 4. dele and, p. » 91. 1. |V r. 7)fccr p. 
 p 208. 1. 1(9. r. ran into the, p 210. 1,18. r. denominated , <bi 1. *2- r. Fain r, p. aj$_ L 4 7 . r-Salu- 
 tation,p. 2*6. ]. 25. r. 1465, p. 292 1, 17- r- lame,, ih. I. «?. r. Tullj, p. 14$. I-18. r. bring, p. 248. 1. 
 to, 11. r. Arremifio. 
 
 i i 
 
 ffi 
 
 Hfflffiffitti 
 
 ^riFiri^'m^ 
 
Part I 
 
 O F 
 
 BEING 
 
 An exaft Defcription of all the Cities,To wns, 
 
 Caftles, and VilJages of IT ALT, with the molt 
 
 remarkable particulars in each of them. 
 
 The firft PART. 
 
 Wherein is conteined the Journeys, or Voyages, from Trent 
 to Venice, from Venice to Milan, from Milan to Rome. 
 
 The way from Trent to Venice. 
 
 Rento, or Trent, is a City of the Province of 
 Marca Trivigiana t or Marqwfate of Treves, 
 and is feated in a Valley on the confines 
 of the faid Province. It hath Walls 
 round it, which are about the compafs of a 
 mile, and are warned by the River Ladice 
 towards the North j Large and Fair 
 Streets, paved with Flint- ftones, and 
 Irately Houfes: Its Churches are ve- 
 ry beautiful, though not large. There is 
 one molt fumptuous, and Royal Palace, which was lately reftored 
 by Bernardo Clejfio, Bifhop of the faid City. Towards the Eaft part 
 thereof enters a little River , upon which are raifed many edi- 
 fices, to work Silks in, as alfo to grind Corn j and from the faid little 
 River are brought many Rivolets, which run along the Streets, 
 and into the Houfes of the Citizens. Without the Gate called 
 
 B Saint 
 
The Hiflory of J T ALT, Pare 1. 
 
 Saint Lorenzo, upon the Ladice, there isa magnificent Bridge,of one 
 hundred forty & fix paces in length (but of Woodjwhich conjoyns 
 the Ladi ce with the other little River. The furrounding Mountains 
 by, being continually covered with Snow, precipitous, and fo high 
 that the heads thereof feem to touch the heavens, arerendredim 
 ^cceffable. Between thefe Mountains, aretwowayes, the one goes 
 towards the North, the other towards Verona. It hath but little 
 Champaign, or Fields, but thofe are pleafant and Rich, planted with 
 Vines, and fruitful Trees , amidft which pafTeth the Ladice. In this 
 place, may be feen the Cattle, and Fort, called Felen 3 appertaining to 
 the raoft Noble Family of the Troppi. The Citizens fpeak good 
 Dutch, and not ill Italian. Trent is now reduced under the power of 
 Germans 3 and is a refuge for all Italians, when any difgrace happens to 
 them in their own Countrey. They gather but little Corn, but, in 
 lieu thereof, they have good quantity of delicious Wines, both 
 White, and Red. In the Summer, the Air is good, but the Sun beats 
 upon it moft vehemently on thofe dayes it remaineth in the fign Leoj 
 And in the Winter, 'tis fo very cold, by reafonof the Fiofrs and 
 Snow,that there is no living^their Stoves are not fufficient to provide 
 againltit, becaufe the cold is fo fierce, that it turneth the Rain into 
 Snow , before it can fall to the Earth ' and that which occafions the 
 greatefj; wonder here, is, that in that time their Wells, ordeepeft 
 Pits, are void, and empty of Water. In ftead of Mules, Affes, and 
 Horfesof Burthen, they fervethemfelves of their Oxen, and Cows, 
 with Charrets fo ade to cairy goods, that they run up by the Moun- 
 tains, as if it were in a Plain j though 'tis very true, that thewayes 
 are fo well helped by the Cliffs, or Graggs, that the Beafrs may go a- 
 ny where with little labour. 
 
 This City was greatly illuftrated , and enriched certain years pair, 
 by the General Councd held here.' for that there met then five Pre- 
 fident Cardinals 5 Two Legats of the Council, forhisHolinefs, Tiits 
 the fourth, Chief Biihop, or Pope of Rome, being Cardinals alio, 
 that is to fay, Cardinal Loreno, and Cardinal Madruccio 5 Three Patri- 
 archs, Thirty two Arch-bifhops , Two hundred and thirty Bifhops, 
 Seven Abbots, Seven Generals of Religion , One hundred forty and 
 (ix Dcclors of Divinity, between Seculars, and Regulars j The Em. 
 bzffadour of Ferdinand the Emperour, as well in the name of the Em • 
 pire,asof the Kingdoms of Hungary, ands^e/si^asalfothe Embaf- 
 fadours of the King of France, of the King of Spain , of the King of 
 Poland, and of Portugal, of the Dukes of Bavaria, of Savoy, of Venice, 
 of Florence, and of the other Catholique Princes. 
 
 The Council was held in the Church of Saint Mary , where there 
 isa very fair Organ. In the Church of Saint Peter are the Afhes of 
 the bleffed Simeon, Martyred by the wicked Jewes. In the Church of 
 the Fryers Heremitans lies buried Cardinal Seripando t who was Le» 
 ^ateor the Council, a man famous for Holinefs, and Doctrine. The 
 Cannons are all illufrrious perfons, and have authority to choofethe 
 Biihop, Lord of the City, and Prince of the Empire, which dignity, 
 three Cardinals of the moft Noble Family of the Madrucci, have em 
 joyed fuccefiively, of which one named Altiprando lives at prefent, 
 a religious Perfon, and a lover of Learned men. 
 
 B ASS A JSTO. 
 
Parti, 
 
 B A S S A N : 
 
 BASSAWiO. 
 
 FRom Trento the way lies to BajJ'anoj. ravel ling towards the Eaft by 
 the Valley of Sugana, called by the Antients Euganea, becaufe a 
 People of that name dwelt there 5 This Plain is eighteen miles in 
 length, and two only in bredth, whence you may go to Venice,but 'tis 
 too long a journey. Five Miles forth of Trent, is fituated the rich, 
 and populous Countrey of Perzene. 
 
 At the Head of the Valley , near Primolano, are the confines be- 
 tween the Venetians , and Germans. Upon the high Mountain of 
 Frimolano is there built a moft ftrong Bulwark of the Venetians called 
 Strada, whereafewSouldierscan repel the Dutch , when ever they 
 offer by violence, or force, to advance forwards. At twelve miles 
 diftance from thence towards the Eaft, among the Alps, is the City of 
 Feltre, by the which way at the right- hand-more of the River Brent. 
 three miles diftance from Scala, is feated Cavolo, a Fort of the Ger- 
 mans, inexpugnable, in refped that 'tis founded upon a great Rock 
 dire&ly hanging over the high-way, with a Fountain of living water 
 in it, whereto neither Man , nor Goods can be mounted from the 
 Earth, unlefs faftned to a Rope, and that wound up upon a wheel, 
 from which ( becaufe 'tis a very narrow way underneath, between 
 the Mountain and the River ) with fmall labour, may their enemies 
 beflainwith Stones eaft on them, as they march along. Thence five 
 miles diftant, is the River Ciftmone (wch difembogues it felf into the 
 Brenta) where the Dutch and Fehrini > daily load great quantities of 
 Timber and Wood, as well for the ufe of Building, as for firing, 
 which they afterwards tranfport to Bajfano, to Padom, and to Venice. 
 Seven miles diftant from Bajjano, on the Right-hand-fhore of the 
 Brent, lies the Countrey of Valjlagna , placed at the foot of the 
 Mountains, and famous for the Sawes there made : thence di- 
 ftant three miles, lies the Countrey of Campefe, where in the Church 
 of the Fryers of Saint BenediU lies buried he that wrote la. Macha- 
 mnea. 
 
 Bajfano lies at the foot of this ftreight Valley, and is warned to- 
 wards the Weft by the Brent, called antiently Brenta, or Brentcjia, the 
 which hath its Sourfe, or head , beyond the Alps of Trent twelve 
 miles, near Levego.Oxei the Brent, a little forth of the Gate of Bajjano, 
 is built a great bridge of Wood, which con joyns both the Rivers. 
 Between the Alps, and this Caftle, there are forne Hills, which pro- 
 duce moft abundantly all things requifite , as well for neceffary li- 
 ving, as delicacy, but moft particularly, they abound with Olives, 
 and precious Wines. The River Brenta runs thorow the Territory 
 of Vicenza, paffeth by the City otvadoua, and in the end difchargeth 
 it felf, by the Fenny, or Moorifh grounds,into the Sea. In this River, 
 they take excellent Filh, as Tronts, ToUard, or Chieven, Eyles, Pyfy, 
 Tench, Lampreys , Barbel , and Crabfijlj. In no place are the men more 
 ingenuous in Merchandize than in this : particularly inweaving 
 of Cloth, in turning moft neatly in Ivory, and in Carving in Nu t- 
 Trees.Thereis never a year, that they drefs lefs than fifteen thou- 
 fand pound weight of Silk, and notwithftandingthat,that whichjs 
 made in China is efteemed better than is made in any other part of 
 
 B 2 the 
 
4 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part I 
 
 the world, neverthelefs 'tis known, that this of EaJJ'ano is more Tub 
 tile or thin, and more light. Hence the Family of the Carrareci drew 
 their Original, and Eccellino the Tyrant, as alfo La%aro i furnamed Eaf- 
 f,iw 3 a perfon not meanly learned , nor lefs acquainted in the Greek 
 tongue than in the Latine : he lived a long time in Bol&gna s w'uh great 
 fatisfa&ion to the learned, afterwards he rendred himlelf at Vadoua-, 
 to the end that he might illuminate thofe who were ftudiousofgood 
 Letters. At prefent Giacomo dal Pante, an excellent Lymner, 
 greatly illuftrates this Country, together with four of his Sons, cal- 
 led vulgarly, the BaJJ'ani. Bajfanohath under it twelve Towns, which 
 with it felfcontein to the number of twelve thoufand Souls. 
 
 MAR0ST1CA. 
 
 T three miles diftancefrom BaJJano towards the Weft, is feated 
 j_ \a flrong place , named Alarojiica , a Gaftle built by the Lords or 
 Scala 3 near the Mountain, and fortified with Walls, and two Sconce?. 
 Antiently this Caftle ftood in the neighbouring Mountain, which 
 looks towards the Eaft, where, at this time are to be feen theFoun. 
 dations. Here the Air is moft perfect, and the Countrey as pleafant, 
 and produceth excellent fruits, in great abundance, but it moft ex- 
 cels in Cherries of all forts, which are fo infinitely pleafant, and fo 
 well relifhedj, that therefore in many places they are called Marofii- 
 cane. There are many Fountains of clear Water j and thence about 
 two miles, is a Lake called Piola, whofe waters abate , and rife, in the 
 fame manner as they in the Golf oiVemce^ with great admiration to 
 the beholders. The Inhabitants of this Caftle are extreme conten- 
 tious,whereupon an Elegant Poet wrote thus, 
 
 Reftat & in Civibus Marii difcordia vetus, 
 g)u£ cum Syllanisfavit in urbc viris. 
 
 Within this Caftle, are many Churches, among which is that of 
 Saint Biijiitwo, .where the Fryers of Saint Francis dwell , wherein lies 
 the Body of the blefled Lorenzuolo the Child, Martyred by the wic- 
 ked Jews, who antiently there inhabited. Francefco of the Family of 
 theFrefcfji, hath much illuftrated this Caftle, who publicklyRead 
 the Civil Law in Padona , and likewife AngcJo Mateaccio , who hath 
 compofed fome Books of the Laws. At this prefent, adds no (mail 
 Fame to this his Countrey, Profpero Alpino, the moft excellent Phyfici- 
 an, publique Header of the firft matter of Simples , in the Academy 
 of Padoua t who hath written D c plantis JEgypti^ De Opobalfamo^ and Dc 
 Prdfigienda vita, & mortc Mgrotantium^ lately publi(hed,And is now 
 employed ( befides his publick Reading) in compofing,and ripening 
 fome other noble Work for publick view. Thorow the middle of 
 this Caftle, runs the little River called Rozza, whence about a mile 
 pafleth the Sillano, fo called,becaufe in Antient Language 9 itfignified 
 a Stream of running water. Tis believed , that the Antient Romans 
 much frequented this Place, for that the Inhabitants to this day re- 
 tain certain Latine words, though fomething corrupted. Before 
 
 the 
 
Parti. TKEVISO. 
 
 the Church of Saint Floriano, ftand two Marble Stones of great an- 
 tiquity, upon the one whereof is written thus, 
 
 TI ClaudioCaf. 
 
 M. Salonius .•..-. es 
 Martina chara Conjux qu£ 
 Venit de Gallia per manjiones 
 L. Vt commemoraret memoriam 
 
 Maritifui 
 Bene quiefcas dnlcijjime mi Maritc. 
 
 TKEVISO. 
 
 THe Antient City of Trevifo, is fituated ontheEsft of, and at 
 thediftance. from BaJJano twenty five miles. This City was 
 founded by ofaride, the third King of the Grecians, who being adopt- 
 ed Son of DioKijiw ( therefore conceded unto him JEgyyt ) and 
 Reigned in Italy ten years .• And becaufe after his death, there ap- 
 peared to the Egyptians an Ox , they fuppofing it to be their King 0- 
 firis t worfbippeditasaGod, and called it Apt } which in their lan- 
 guage fignifies an Ox, for which reafon in many places of Trevijb, is 
 found an Ox painted with this Motto : Memor: in memorial of their 
 firft founders. Others fay that Trevifo was built by the Companions 
 of Antenori, Others by the Trojans ^ who went from Faflagonia^ but 
 whofoever it was built it, imports not much, Gnce'tismoft certain, 
 'tis a City of great Antiquity. They oftentimes came to Warlike 
 difputes with the Fadouans } asalfo with the Altinati for maintenance 
 of their confines, and although through their vigilancy, and viclory 
 over the power of their Enemies, they had much enlarged their Ter» 
 ritories, almoft over the whole Champain , yet to fecure themfel ves 
 the better, they erected feveral Towers , whence they might difco- 
 ver their Enemies, obftrudt them kom too near approaches, and as 
 neceffitated therein, make their own retreat fecure: and for this rea- 
 fon, was it along time called the City of Towers^ bearing for its Arms 
 three Black Towers in a white Field. This City either for that it 
 was the moft noble of all the other, or for that it became firft under 
 their Dominion , the Longobardi made the feat of their Marquefate, 
 Jldana fignifying in their language, Confines .- whence all this 
 Province is called by the name of Marca ; Wherein antiently were 
 fix principal Cities, ("at prefent but four ) with many other Cities, 
 and great Caftles. Its Territory is in length from Eaft to Weft forty 
 miles, and from North to South, fifty miles. It was fubjeftedto 
 the Hunnes i to the Longobards, Then to the Hungarians^ afterwards to 
 the People of Scala.^ afterthem to the Carrarejians s and laftly in the 
 year of our Lord, One thoufand three hundred eighty eight, it was 
 reduced under the Dominion of the Venetians , to whom from that 
 time to this day, they have maintained conftant Faith and Obedi- 
 ence. This City was converted to the Chriftian Faith, by the 
 Preaching of Saint Frofdocimo^ Difciple of Saint Feter, from whence 
 
 G s they 
 
H99« 
 
 Shales. 
 
 The Hiftory of IT A LT 9 - Part I. 
 
 they took, a white Crofle in a Red Field tor their Arms , in Jiew oi 
 their Black Towers. About Trevifo runs the River Site, with many 
 other Ri volets, which incorporate with it, and towards theEafr, it 
 haththegreat River of Piave, wherein they t^ke thelaigefrCrabfifh 
 The Countrey abounds in all things, but principally it breeds the 
 Fatteft Calves. Itconteins many ftrnptuousPallace*, andnotafew 
 Noble Families. At eight miles ciiftance from this City, ftands^///- 
 »o, which was founded by Antenor i but afterwards layed waft by At- 
 tila-^ between Trevifo^ and Padcva pre fents it felf the Rich and Civil 
 Caftle of Noale. Upon the Mountains towards the North, ftood the 
 noble Caftle of Jfilo 3 heretofore a Colony of the Romans as report 
 id ith, where with great delight, dwelt the Queen of Cifrw ^ having 
 four miles off Afolo 3 builtamoft beautiful Cittacel in aspleafanta 
 Plain, with Gardens, Fountains, Fifh-ponds, and all other recreati- 
 ons. Eloigned from thence ten miles ftands CajtdFranco ) a famous 
 Caftle, which was built by the Trivijani,in the year of our Lord, One 
 dioufand one hundred ninety nine. After which towards the Eaft. 
 between the Rivers Piave s and Livetiza fhewes it felf Conegliano y 
 part whereof ftands ere&ed upon ihe Hill, and part upon the Plain, 
 which isreplenifhed with beautiful ftructures, and a numerous Peo- 
 ple , and en joyes an Air fo temperate, that it acquired the came a. 
 mong the Germans of Cunicla, which is as much as to fay, a Refidence 
 for a King. This was the firft place, that the Venetians poffefled up- 
 on the firm Land. Adjacent hereto fbnd Colalto, Narvifa, and the 
 Caftle of Saint Salvador^ to the moit Noble Family of the Collalti ap- 
 pertaining. A little further lies oderto i whereto in the time of the Ro- 
 mans 3 the Adriatique Sea rife, which encouraged the Oderzejians to fet 
 a Fleet to Sea. Near thereunto lies, la Motta, the Countrey of Giro- 
 lamo Akxandro created Cardinal, by hisHolinefs Taul the third Bi- 
 fhopoi Rome, for his moil: excellent Doctrine } being no lefs learned 
 in the Greek, and Hebrew Tongues than in the Latin e. Travelling 
 from Trevifo i over a large and fpatious High-way, at ten miles di- 
 ftance, is met the Caftle of Meftre, and two miles off that Margherd, 
 where taking Boat, after rowing the fpace of five miles, you arrive 
 at Venice. 
 
 VENEtM, la Ricca, or VENICE theKich. 
 
 Aving attained Le Lagune, or the (M o o R E s, or S h o L E s) 
 "X now the Streets of Venice^ you behold manv proud Pallaces, 
 built of Marble, adorned with Columbes, Statues, and Pictures of 
 great value, erected by thofe Noble Senatours, with ineftimable Ex* 
 pence, and Artifice; among which is Seated the Pallaceof the Gru 
 mani 3 imbellifhed with Statues, Figures, Pourtraicts, high and great 
 Coloilufes, and Vaults 5 fome of Marble, and others of Brafs, very 
 artificially Carved, and Engraven, being brought hither from Greece, 
 and the Ruines of Aquileia. In the open Gallery , whereof are di- 
 vers Marble Stones, with excellent Infcriptions, amongft the which 
 
 we 
 
Part I. 
 
 B AS SAN o; 
 
 we will hereunder fet down fome, which are engraven upon feme 
 Altars dedicated in honour of Beleno , who was held in exceeding 
 great veneration by the Inhabitants of Aquileia as theHiftoriesot" E- 
 rod/an, and GiulioCapitolino do averr and juftifie ; The Titles of 
 which Infcriptions, 1 believe will be very welcome and pretiousto 
 the Lovers of Antiquity. 
 
 Upon one four fquared Altar, is 
 infcribed. 
 
 Beleno. . 
 uManfnetus. 
 
 Verm. 
 Lttur: Lau: 
 Et Vibiana 
 Jantula 
 V. S. 
 
 Upon another. 
 
 ApolHni 
 Beleno. Aug. 
 
 In honorem. 
 C. Petti. C.C.F. Pal. 
 Fhiltati. Eq. P. 
 Praf. Md. pot. 
 Pr£f. Et. Voiron. 
 
 Collegiorum. 
 Fair. Et Cent. 
 Diodes L ib. 
 Donum. Dedit. 
 L.D. DxD. D. 
 
 Upon another. 
 
 Belino. Aug. 
 Sacrum. 
 
 Votofufcepto. 
 
 Pro. Aquillio 
 C. F. Pomp. Vatente 
 
 IIII. V.I.D.Depgn. 
 
 Phcebus Lib. 
 V.S.L.M. 
 
 Upon another. 
 
 Beleno. 
 Aug. Sacr. 
 
 L. CO™*!* 11 * 
 L , F il.Vell. 
 Secundinus 
 
 Aquil. 
 Evoc. Aug. N. 
 guod. In. Vrb. 
 Donum. Vou. 
 
 Aquil. 
 Perlatum. 
 Lib ens rofuit. 
 L. D. D. D. 
 
 Upon another. 
 
 Beleno. Aug. 
 In, Mcmor. 
 Julior. 
 Mar cell. Et. 
 MarcelU. Et 
 
 In Honorem 
 Juliarum, 
 Charites. Et 
 MarcelU. Filiar. 
 Et. Licin. Macron. 
 luniorNepotis. 
 €. Iul. Agathopot 
 VI. Vir. Aquil. 
 L.D.D.D. 
 
 Upon another. 
 
 Beleno 
 Sex 
 Gr<efernius 
 
 Faujius 
 VI. Vir. 
 V. S. L. M. 
 
 Upon another 
 
 Eonti. B. 
 
 Upon another. 
 
 VI. Divin£ 
 
 Sacrum 
 C. Verius. 
 C. F. 
 Gavolus. 
 
 G 2 
 
 The! 
 
The Hiftory of IT ALT, Parti i 
 
 The next object worth a view, is the Royal and Proud Pallace of 
 .he Duke of Venice, which was firft begun to be creeled by Angelo 
 Yarticipatio, in the year of our Lord ? Eight hundred andnine, Unce 
 when though hx times burnt either in part , or in all it rife again, 
 and recovered much more beauty and luftre. Its Form, is not alto- 
 gether fquare, the length fomewhat exceeding the Bredth. To- 
 wards the North of it, ffandsthe Church of Saint Marco, towards 
 the E-ft, the Grand Canale, or Channell , towards the South the Sea 
 Coaft. and towards the Weft, the Piazza, or broad Place of Venice. 
 From the principal Gate of this Pallace, to that Coign which ftands 
 next the Bridge, called Pag!ia,or; Straw £r/dge)towards the South : It 
 hath an Arcade of 36.Arches,every one wherof are ten feet large^h 
 fpace comprehending thirty three Pillars, affords in length three 
 hundred fbot,which Collumns have no Bafes,but excellent Heads. 
 The two Frontifpieces thereof, appear Pargetted with Whiteand 
 Red Marble, in the midft whereof are little Afcents or Hills, where- 
 on are fet thirty feven Collumnes, made in the Form of Pyramids, 
 withfeventy two Arches, The Facade or Frontifpiece backwards 
 was lately beautified with ifivian Stone, and is contiguous towards 
 the North, with the Church of Saint Marco. The Roofs of this Pal- 
 lace were heretofore covered with Lead, but the fire that happened 
 in the year, 1 574. caufed it to be covered inftead of lead, with Slat of 
 a certain Mettle. Every Front hath one Gate, The priccipal which 
 isconjoyned with the Church , (of a Piramide Figure) looks to^ 
 wards the Piazza, or broad Placejuft before which ftands the wing' 
 ed Lion, and the Duke Fofcaro , Carved in White Marble. Next 
 within on the right hand, is found a fpatious Court, wherein are two 
 Wells of fweet Water, whofe mouthes are made with Brafs,gaini r ii- 
 ed with Spouts, and other Curiofi ties. At the end of this Court, is 
 the Gate which anfwers to the Sea. Then having afcended the clofe 
 Stairs called Fofcara, on the lei t hand, you may go round the Pallace 
 upon the Tarrace. The two Fronts backwards , the one whereof 
 looks towards the Sea, the other towards the Piazza, paiallell them 
 that are forwards, except that they have neither Arches, nor Col- 
 lumnes below. The Front towards the Eaft on the even ground, 
 hath thirty fix Arches, andasmany Pillars of Ijirian stone, over the 
 which, there is an open Gallery of fifty four Arches, and fifty five 
 Collumnes- On the Top is drawn a Wall of ifirian stone, adorned 
 with beautiful Cornifties. Juft againft the Principall Gate , ftands 
 the large Stayer- cafe of the Pallace towards the North, which leads 
 direclly to the Lodging of the Prince, at the foot of this Stayer-cafe 
 ftands : wo Coloffufcs, the one of Marfe, the other of Neptnne, Upon 
 the top thereof like wife, juft oppofite to them, ftands two moft ex- 
 cellent Statues, the one of A dam, the other of Eve. The Front be- 
 low towards the Canale, or Channel s hath two Stayer-cafes, by the 
 which , tbeya/cend to that moft Royal Corridor, or open Gallery, 
 wherein ftand many Tribunals, or Courts of Juftice. Oppofite to 
 the Chief Stayer-cafe, is a Memorial of Henry the third Kingcf 
 France, engraven in Marble with Letters of Gold. From the South 
 Eaft, they afcend that moft fpkndid Stayer-cafe, which upon the 
 left hand leads to the Chamber of the Prince ; and on the right 
 hand to the Colledge* Where the Eye is wholly taken up with be- 
 . holding 
 
Part I % 
 
 B AS S AN 0~ 
 
 beholding the moft fumptuous Vaulted, or Arched Roofjoi Seeling, 
 Richly garnifhed with Gold. 
 
 This College ftands towards the Eaft , over the Chamber of the 
 Prince, whofe vaulted Roof (as at Venice they call it ) is partly gui> 
 partly Carved with great Artifice, partly Painted,and wrought with 
 H iftorics, even to Admiration j At the upper end of this Hall, is ex- 
 alted the Imperial Throne of the Duke, and the Images of Venice, 
 figured by a Queen, who difpofeth the Crown upon his Head. Here 
 the Duke with the Senatours tranfacf. the affairs of State, andgive 
 Audience to EmbafTadours, as well fuch as have recourfe to them 
 from their own Territories, and Cities, as of Foreign Princes. Out 
 of which leads a door into another great Hull, wherein are figured 
 l|i the Provinces , which the Venetians pofiefs upon the firm Land, 
 'TOiere a'fo are erected eleven moft excellent Statues of Emperours. 
 Iftuing forth of thefe Places, and walking towards theSea, you mset 
 the dreadful Tribunals of the Counlcl of Tenne i where every Place 
 glorioufly mines with Gold and cof tlinefs. 4 
 
 A little more forwards is the fpacious Hall, or Senate Houfe of the 
 Great Counfel, where they difpofe the publique Offices, and Ballott 
 the Magiftrates 5 which Counfel orders it felf in this manner. Firft 
 the Duke royally clad, fits on a Throne, raifed a good higth from the 
 Ground. On his Right Hand, he hath three Counfellors near him, 
 accompanyed by oneof the Chief of the Magiftra-es of forty, for 
 Criminal Offences : Juftoppofite to the Prince at the other End of 
 the Great H Jl, fits oneof the Chief of the Illuft rious Counfel of the 
 Ttnne. A little from whence feats himfelf oneof the Advocatesof 
 Comminalty. In the Angles, or Corners of the Great Hall, fhnds 
 the Old and New Auditors. In the middle are the Cenlors. The 
 reft of the Nobles of Venice fit promifcuoufly in other Seats lefs rai- 
 fed from the plain ground of the great Hall. Into whieh Counfel 
 cannot be admitted any that is not Noble, and who is not above the 
 age of twenty five years. Afterwards the Grand Chancello ir Cha- 
 ving firft recommended to every One thtir duty,to elect a Perfon fit 
 for that Magiftracy) names the firft Competitor. Then certain lit- 
 tle Lads, go up and down the Hall with double Boxes,the one wher- 
 of is white, the other green 5 The White forwards, the Green more 
 inward gathering the Balls,which Balls are fmall, and made of Cloth, 
 that by the found of the fall into the Box, may not be judged into 
 which 'tis caft, and before he cafts in , the fuffrag? g'ver, muft fhew 
 tint he hath but one Ball, and alfo tell the name of that Gentleman 
 who ftands for thofe that perhaps have not well heard who 'twas, do 
 it (many times) over again 5 He that would exclude the Srander 
 cafts the Balls into the Green Box, and he that would have him cho- 
 fen cafts them into the White Box, which are made in fuch a Form 
 that none can difcern into which of the Boxes they put their Balls, 
 The Procurators of Saint Mark^ never enter into this Grej t Counfel, 
 Except at the Election of theDukeJ butftand under the Lodge 
 with the Mafter & Officers of the Arfenal, while that great Counfel is 
 gathered together for its Guard , dividing among themfelves thofe 
 dayes, whereon they ought to have this Charge. But of thefe things 
 for further fatisfaclion we referrthe Reader to fuch, who treat of 
 theta at large, herein intending only to glance briefly at the moft 
 remarkable things. D P" 8 
 
TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part I. 
 
 This great Hall,is feventy three foot broad, & one hundred & fifty 
 foot long, and was begun in the year, One thoufand three hundred 
 8c nine. On its walls were drawn by the moft excellent Painters of 
 that Age, the vi&ories of this Common wealthy Its Prince?, with ma- 
 ny other famous Men oijtaly , which being fpoyled by the imoak of 
 that Fire, which happened in the year, 1577. inliew thereof, was 
 Painted the Hiftory of Alexander the third chief Bifhop of Rome, and 
 Fredericl^the Emperour, with the fubje&ion of Conjiantinopk, to the 
 Venetian Republique. The Floors are wonderful neat .• Towards the 
 Eaft, is feated the Throne of the Prince, over which is aParadife 
 Painted by the hand of Tintoretto (which was formerly Painted by 
 Guariento) and fils up all that Front. In the Front over againft that 
 within a iquare of Marble, is an Image of the Holy Virgin , holdi 
 in her Arms, her little Infant, compafied about by four Angels. Tflfc 
 Windows of this Hall, look fome into the Court, and others into 
 the Sea. Near hereunto is the Magazine of the Pallace, which is 
 never opened, but to Foreign Princes, wherein is provifion of Arms, 
 for fifteen hundred Gentlemen, moreorlefs, and 'tis divided into 
 four fpatious Portals, with the Doors thereof of Cipres Wood,which 
 give a moft fweet favour. On the other fide of the Hall of the Great 
 Counfel is beheld the Hall of the Jnquifitors, with many and divers 
 Pictures, amongft which is a Judgement, drawn by the hand of Tin- 
 toretto, 
 
 Thence defcending by the Fofcaran Stayers, you enter the Dukes 
 Chappel being the Cathedral Church of S. Mar^w^h is built with the 
 faireft and fineft Marble with great skill, and no lefs expence, whofe 
 Pavement is compofed all of little pieces of rorp hiry, and Serpentine, 
 and other pretious Stones after the Mofaick manner, with divers Fi- 
 gures. Among others, there are fome Figures Effigiated by Com- 
 miffion of Gionachino Abbat of Santo Fiore (as is the common Fame) 
 by which is prefagedanddemonftratedthe great mine which will 
 fall upon the People of Italy, with other ftrange misfortunes: Where 
 you beheld two Cocks, very boldly to carry away a Fox fwich digni- 
 ties (as foine will have it) that two French Kings fhould carry away, 
 and force Lodovico Sfoiza out of the Seigniory of Milan. And alio 
 fome Lyons Large and Fat appear as put in the Water, and fome o- 
 thers fet upon the fhore very lean. Upon the Walls of the fineft 
 Marble, on the left hand, are two Tables of white Marble, fome- 
 what weaved with black, which at their joyning, reprefent a Man, 
 fo perfectly figured, that 'tis very wonderful to confider it. Where- 
 of Albertus Magnus in a work called Meteor a (as of a great rarity) 
 makes mention. There are in this fumptuous Temple (reckoned 
 amongft the chief of £«r^e,(though not fo much for its vaftnefs, as 
 thedefign and pretious materials) thirty d^ Collumnes of the fineft 
 Marble, which are large two feet Diamiter. The Roof of it is di- 
 vided into five Cupoloes covered with Lead. From the plain of 
 this Place, to the very Top of the Temple , are the Fronts wrought 
 up in Mojaicke work>with Figures in a Field of Gold, and certain lit- 
 tle Heads of Pillars, andjuttings out, or Eeves of Marble, upon 
 which are fet certain Images carved in Marble fo perfectly, that they 
 feem alive. There are alfo above this place on that part, which lies 
 over the great Gate (whereof this Part hath five made of Brafs) 
 
 four 
 
Parti. 
 
 TREVISO. 
 
 four Horfes very Antique of Brafs guilt, of an exacf Proportion, and 
 extremely beautiful, which the Romans caufed to be caft, to put 
 them in the Triumfal Arch of Nero , when he Triumphed over the 
 rarthians , and they being afterwards tranfported by Confiantine to 
 Conflantinople--) from thence ( the Venetians being thereof become 
 LordsJ tranfported them to ' Vwa^fetting them upon the Temple of 
 Saint Mark. In the Porch of the faid Church, is feen a red fquare 
 Marble Stone, upon which Alexander the third fet his Foot upon the 
 neck of Frederickjhs Emperour, whereon for that reafon, are engra* 
 ven thefe words : 
 
 Super Afpidem^ & Eaftlifcum ambulabis. 
 
 9 
 
 After which mounting to the Top of the Quire, by certain Steps 
 of the fineft Stones, you come to the place where the Singers ftand 
 on the Chief Feaft dayes. There upon the great Alter , is the rich 
 and fair Pixe framed ot Gold and Silver , bedecked with many pre- 
 tious Stones, and Perl of an infinite price, which all perfons admire 
 that behold it. This Altar is covered over by one Arch, difpofed 
 into the form of aCrofs, adorned with Marble, which the Antients 
 called Tiberiano^ fupported with four Pillars ot excellent Marble } 
 wherein are carved theHiftory of the Old and New Teftaments, 
 Behind this Altar, arife four Pillars of the pureft AldLiJler, five foot 
 inlength, tranfparentasGlafs, placed there for Ornament of the 
 Sacredand Holy Body of Jefus Chrift confecrated'or the Eucharift. 
 In this Church are preferved with great devotion, manyReliques: 
 and among others the Body of the Evangelift, this Republiques 
 Protector Saint Marks, with his Gofpel written by his own hand. 
 
 On the right hand of the Temple, in the midft thereof, is a large 
 and high Gate, wrought all of Mofaique work,on the one fide wher- 
 of ftands the Effigies of Saint Dominich^ and on the other that of 
 
 Saint Francifco^ which as 'tis reported, were made by order of the a- 
 
 bove named Gionachino many years before the faid Saints came into 
 the world. Within this Gate is kept the moft rich Treaiure of Saint 
 Mark.fo much fpoken of 3 wherein are twelve pretious Crowns with 
 twelve Breft Plates, all compaffed about with fine Gold , and garni- 
 ihed with many Stones of great value. Among divers others, with 
 Rubies^Emeralds^TopaJJes, Crifolits i and other pretious Stones, and 
 Perls of numatchable bignefs^Two Unicorns Horns of a great length, 
 with a third fomewhatlefs. Many very large Carbuncles, VefTels 
 of Gold., Scollops of Agat, and Jafper Stones ot a good bignefs. One 
 Huge Ruby given this State, by Domenico Grimani* a moft worthy 
 Cardinal. An Emerald hower-glafs heretofore prefented to this 
 moft illuftrious Seigniory, by Vfcajj'ano King of Perjia, with many o- 
 ther pretious things , VefTels, and Cenfores of Gold, and Silver. 
 There alfo lies the Mitre or Bonnet (as we call it) with which every 
 new Duke is Crowned. The which is traverfed all over with the 
 fineft Gold, and pollrth't,in whofe wreathes, are many moft pretious 
 ftones , and at the very Top, a Carbuncle of ineftimable valew 3 1 
 might alfo fpeakof the Candle- fticks, and Challices, with other 
 things of fuch imminent valew, as may create wonder in the beAol' 
 ders, hut would take up too much time and room to defcrirv them 
 in this Abreviation. D 2 J u " 
 
 II 
 
1% 
 
 TheHiftoryof IT ALT, Pare 1. 
 
 Juft opfoUte tothh Temple, anddiftant from it about Eighty 
 Paces, ftands the high Steeple , which is 40. Foot fquare cu z\\ 
 fides, and Two Hundred and Thirty high, with an Angel fet upon 
 the Top, which like a Weather-cock turning with the Wind to all 
 corners where it blowes, ever hath the Face toward s it. All the faid 
 Top or upper part thereof, is richly guilt, which prefents it to the 
 Eye of fuchasaddrefieto Venice, ("by reafon of the reflection of the 
 hotSunthereonjLafvde/yminingatagreatdiftance $ In the founda- 
 tion of this Steeple was more expended (as Sabellko declares^ than 
 in all the other ftructure. They afcend to the upperrnoft part of this 
 Steeple, by certain little winding fteps within, where a moft excel - 
 lentProfpect difcovers it felf.- asfirft, the City of Venice^ divided 
 into fix Precincts, confifting of many little Iflands, whole Banke's 
 are conjoyned with Bridges, the Streets, the open Places, the 
 Churches, the Monafteries,and other fumptuous ftrucluies '-, More- 
 over, the fmall Iflands feated round about the City to the number of 
 fixty, with their Monasteries, Churches, Pallaces, and moft beauti- 
 ful Gardens^ Upon fome of which Iflands, are erected many Col- 
 lumnes, by the Aquleieji , the Vicentini> the Opitergini, Concordiefi , 
 Ahinaii, and feveral other People, who to fly the Fury of Atttla i 
 King of the Hunnes, recovered this Place 3 gives no fmall Imbellifh- 
 ment to this View. Between the faid Moorifh Grounds, now the 
 Streets and the Sea, by Dame Nature is raifed a Fence or Bank, to 
 defend the City 8c the fmall Iflands, againft the turious Waves of the 
 Sea, (with which*'tisinvironed) Which Fence is Thirty five Miles 
 long, and bends in the (hape of a Bow, opening it felf in five feve- 
 ral Places, for each of which is a Gate, as well to permit Barkes to 
 enter in at them, as to maintain the faid Channels full of Water. 
 The profound Havens of Chioza, and MaUmocco , with the Forts 
 built at the Mouth of the faid Havens, to keep any Armado or Fleet 
 atadiftance; And laftly, thebeholding the Mountainesofcr^rw.r, 
 
 and of Hijiria-, and on the Right Hand, the ApeninC Hills, with 
 
 Lumbardji, together with the Famous Hills called Euganei, with the 
 mouthes of the Rivers Adice, and Poe 3 and behind them the Alpes of 
 Baviera,and of the Gerifons^l waies covered wirh Snow,gives no fmall 
 fat is faction, nor beauty to his Profped. 
 
 And now we come to theFamous Tiazzapx broad place of S.Marl^ 
 whofe platform refembles a Carpenters fquare,at the one end where- 
 of ftands the Admirable Church of St. Maraud at the other, That 
 of St. Ceminian, wrought with excellent Stones, and round the faid 
 Place are built fair and fumptuous Houfes pII of Marble Stone, un- 
 der which are large open Galleries, wherein are Shops for feveral 
 Artificers. In this place daily appear an infinite number of Perfons, 
 of all Qualities and Countries, in their feveral Habits^ as well for 
 Newes and Difcourfes, as for Traffick end Merchandize. 
 
 At the upper end of the faid Place, nponthe Channel called La 
 Giudeca, are two Pillars admired for their Heigth and Bignefs, which 
 were tranfported heretofore from Confiantinople , upon the one 
 whereof, ftands a Winged Lyon, the Republick Armes, in token of 
 St, Mark? their Protector, with this Motto,P<w tibi Marce Evangelifta- 
 ^<™ 9 and upon the other, is fet the Statue of St. Theodore, between 
 which }uftice is done upon Traitorous Perfons. Thefe were brought ; 
 
 from 
 
Parti, 
 
 V ENETI A< 
 
 i i 
 
 from Greece to Venice^ in the time ofSebajiianGiam the Duke, upon, 
 certain Vefiels of burden, together with another of equal Gieatnefs, 
 the which overcomming the Power and Induf try of the Workmen 
 labouring to lay it on the Earth, it fell into the Water, where at this 
 time tis to be feen in the DeeprThefe vaft Collumns, were reared by 
 an Engineer of Lombardy named Nicolo Berreterro, by the ftrength of 
 great Ropes wet with water, retiring by little and little, who as 
 ked no other reward for this his worke, but that it might be Lawful 
 for Dice-Players to play therewhen they pleafed without any penal- 
 ty : This riazza is not intirely one alone, but fower united together. 
 Oppofite to the Church are reared three Standards upon three 
 high pieces of Timber which are fattened by Lead caft into the boa- 
 red holes, they are wrought withfignres to denote the liberty of 
 this City and have Brafs Pedeftalls. On the right fide of the Church 
 fknds the Clock* houfe adorned with the Celeftial Signs gilt there- 
 on with the Sun and Moons monethly ingrefs into theou molt exact- 
 ly wrought and painted. Neer the Steeple is afumptuous Palace 
 built in this Age, after the lonick^ and Dcricl^ fafhion, which rea- 
 ches even to the Church of Sain Geminian, which for the excellen- 
 cy of the Marble , Statues, Cafements, Cornifhes, Frets and other 
 ornament? , together with the moil incomparable Architecture , 
 gives not place to any palace of Italy. Next is the Zecca or Mint- houfe 
 built all of flint Stone, and Iron Barrs, without any manner of Tim- 
 ber. Annexed thereunto Stands the Library, which had its O r 'g 1_ 
 nal from Vetrarca, and was afterwards aggrandized by the Cardinals 
 Hiceno, Alexandro, and Grimano. Laftly, this Piazza'xs rendred fo 
 Proud and marvellous, by the Uniformity of Building-, and o- 
 ther Imbelliihments, that I cannot fay all Europe affords its like. 
 
 The Ifland /?/»>-<*», muft next be vifited by taking Gondola, or Boat, 
 which for its Furnaces of Glafs is much admired through the World. 
 This Ifland is diftant from Venice about a Mile, and was begun to be 
 inhabited by the Altinati, SLx\A.opiterg,i*ii, for fear of the Hnnnes. At 
 prefent 'tis very comely, and refembling Venice, as wellin theftru- 
 dhires, as in the Quantity of Churches, but much more pleafant and 
 delightful , in refpecr. moft of the Houfes have open and fpaci. 
 ous Gardens, fet with all forts of fruitful Trees. Among others, is 
 the Church of Saint refer, with a Monastery belonging to the preach- 
 ing Fryers, well built, wherein is a famous Library full of good 
 Books. 
 
 In this Place they make all forts of Veflelsof Glafs (called Cryftal 
 Glafs J whofe variety & Workmanihip furpafs all others of the fame 
 materials of the whole world .And theArtizans(except in excellency 
 of the materials) every day find out new Inventions to make them 
 appear more defirable,with works divers from one another.I will not 
 fpeakofthe variety of colours which they give thereunto, becaufe 
 'tis fo marvellous that I imagine it worthy all Peoples fight. They 
 counterfet excellently feveral things of Agate, Calcidonian, Emerald, 
 and Hyacinths, with other pretty Toyes fo excellently, that I believe 
 were Pliny to be revived, and fhonld behold them, he would Cad- 
 miring them) much more praife thefemens workmanfhip, and thefe 
 artificial things, then he does the vefTels of Earth made and burned 
 by the People of Aretini , or of any other Nation. 
 E Oppofite 
 
 Muran. 
 
St.Georgio. 
 
 TheHiftory oilT ALT, Part L 
 
 Oppofite to the Piazza of Saint Mark^, and about half a mile di- 
 ftant , is feen the Church of Saint George, the Greater, a ftately ftru- 
 dure of Marble, In which is beheld moft curious Marble, both in 
 the Pavements, and in the Statues, with rich workmanfhip of Sil- 
 ver, and moft fumptuous Sepulchres of Princes. The Fryers of Saint 
 BcnediB have here a noble Monaftery, wherein are long open Galle- 
 ries, fpacious Courts, ample eating-Rooms, and fleeping-Chambers, 
 as alfo moft pleafant Gardens,with a worthy Library. 
 
 In Venice are feventeeh Rich Hofpitals, with a great number of 
 wealthy Churches, adorned with the exa&eft marble Stone; 
 confifting of fixty feven Parifh-Churches fifty fower Convents 
 of Fryers , twenty fix Monasteries of Nunns , eighteen Chapels, 
 dx Schools, kept within the Principal Fryeries or Monafteries. 
 In all which Churches are fifty bodies of Saints, one hundredforty 
 and three Organs,& many Statues made at the coft of the Republick, 
 in remembrance of illuftrious Perfons , which have valiantly fought 
 for her, or done fome other fignal piece of fervice, that is to fay, 
 165 of Marble, and 23 of Brafs, among which moft worthily pre- 
 fentsitfelf, That proud Statue on Horfeback wrought with Gold, 
 of Bartolomeo Coglione the moft famous Captain- General of the Ve- 
 netian Army, dedicated to him by this Republiek, before the 
 Church of Saint "John and Paul, in teftimony of his Fidelity, and Va- 
 lour. 
 
 Moreover, thereare fifty fix Tribunals, and ten Gates of Brafs. 
 The Store»Houfe of she Germans, which is five hundred and 1 2 foot 
 in circumference , whofe Front outwards hath many excellent Fi- 
 gures, and inwards two Galleries which go quite round the one a- 
 bove the other , wherein are two hundred Lodging Chambers.There 
 ftand alfo up and down this City, befides what are above mention- 
 ed, infinite more S*atues, Piclures, and glorious Tombes. At all 
 feafi ns it abounds plentifully with fruits and herbs of all forts,and 
 two hundred feveral forts of Fifti; furthermore there are four- 
 hundredand fifty {bridges of Stone, fourfcore thoufand Gonda- 
 loes or Boats, with twice as many Gondaloers or Watermen,witha 
 raft number of Chanels, among the which the Principal is called 
 the Grand Canale, or Chanel, one hundred and thirty paces in 
 length, and forty in bredth, over which is built that moft artificial 
 Bridge, called the Rioalio 3 being one Arch which con joynes both the 
 Banks, to be accounted for its heighth, length, and bredth, amongft 
 the moft glorious fabrkks of Europe 5 whereon are erefted twenty 
 four fhops covered all alike with lead, that is to fay twelve of a fide 
 with magnificent Baluftrades behind. They afcend thisBrid ge by 
 three degrees of fteps, that inthemidft confifts of fixty fix Steps, 
 and thofeof each fide, of one hundred forty five 3 to thefe rarities, 
 may be added the infinite concourfe of People. 
 
 And to the end we may remove that erroneous opinion that this 
 City was built by Fifhermen ; let us obferve what Cajfiodoro, who 
 was CounfeIlor,and Secretary Qflheodoric^Hmg of the Gothes fpeaks 
 thereof. Vos (faith he) qui nttmerofa navigia in ejus confinio pojfidetis, 
 <& Vemtia plen<e nobilibus, &c. which happening in the four hundred 
 ninty and fifth year of our Salvation, and from the building thereof 
 between 80. and 90. years, gives a fair prefumption , that the Vene- 
 tians-, 
 
Parti. 
 
 VENETIA. 
 
 15 
 
 tians could not acquire fo great reputation, nor lefs poffefs fo ma- 
 ny Vefiels on the Sea, had they not been fomewhat rich and noble 
 too fometime before. 
 
 Your next vifit muft be to the Arfenal,or Magazine of War of this 
 City , feated on the one fide of it towards the two Caftles, and Pa- 
 lace of the Patriark, which are compafled about with high Walls 
 and with the Sea. This Arfenal affords but one entrance by one only 
 Gate, and by one only Chanel, where thorow are guided in all the 
 (hipping, and 'tis about the quantity of two miles in circuit. Here- 
 in generally they make all their works, and engines of War, but 
 inoft particularly their Charge is to prepare here thefe 4. Materials 
 for that Service, Timber, Iron, Brafs, and Hemp. Of which their 
 charge of Timber- work, they are fo provident, (that befides what 
 atfirft fhewesitfdf totheviewj there is under the water a good 
 quantity of Gallies, great and finall, Gallefoifts, Pinnaces, Brigan- 
 tines, Mails , Main-yards, Oars a and Rudders, for their Sea vef- 
 fels. And for the Iron work, Bullets of allfizes, Nayls, Chains, 
 Anchors, with divers Plates of Iron, as likewi fetor Brafs, all forts 
 of Ordnance, and of all proportions. And laftly, of their Hempen 
 works , all forts of Shrouds , Sails and Cables. To which feve- 
 ral works, continually attend a vaft number of Workmen, and ex- 
 cellent Handicraftfmen , who being as it were born in that Place, 
 and from thence obteining their livelihood, Neither delight in a- 
 ny other Place, nor do no other thing, but what there by their feve- 
 ral Callings they are directed unto. 
 
 Therein are erected moft ample Arches, wherein their feveral 
 Veffels are kept dry, and built, fome fully finifhed, foine build 
 irjg, and others repairing. The next Curiofity , is their fpati- 
 ous Halls, full of Arms for defence in Maritine fervice, as great 
 Celades, Cariages, and Breafts 3 and no lefs provided of Offenfive 
 Weapons, as Piftols, Daggers, Bramble Sithes, Partifans, Jave- 
 lins, Two Handed Swords, Crofs-bows, andLoog-bows$ Others 
 of thofe Halls are filled with Artillery, «as fmall and great 
 Mufkets, Falcons, whole Cannon, Demicannon, and Quarter Can- 
 non, Sacres, and Culverins. There are fome pieces of Atillery which 
 have from Three Barrels to Seaven, which are called (if I err not J 
 the Organ 9, Engines made more for a certain Greatnefle and Mag- 
 nificence, than for ufe and fervice in War. To fay no more, the 
 whole is kept and governed with that order and neatnefs, that it 
 doth not onely delight the Beholder, but would fatisfie the moft 
 infatiable Appetite of gazers, and fill them with a certain fpritely 
 and Martial Ardour. 
 
 In fine, the Commonwealth hath in this place all forts of Ammu- 
 nition of Warr, as well for Land as Sea- fervice. All Engines for of- 
 fence, all charges for defence, and laftly, all things whatsoever made 
 ready, either to fet in order an Armado for Sea fervice, or an Army 
 for Land- fervice, which may be needful. And although from this 
 place (which may properly be called the Work-houfe and Store- 
 houfe of War) they every Day fetch Arms and Ammunition, as well 
 for their force upon the firm Land,as upon the Sea^Yet neverthelefs, 
 by the daily labours of the Artizans, 'tis fo reftored, that it (eetns 
 to no more diminifb,than the Sea does by the many Rivers that if- 
 
 E 2 fue 
 
\6 
 
 Zttecca. 
 
 The Hiftory of IT A LT 9 Part I. 
 
 fue out of it. Furthermore here is kept the ftately Galley called the 
 Bocentoro, adorned greatly with Gold and rich carvings, which ne- 
 ver goes forth but upon folemn Feaft Dayes, and particularly upon 
 the Day of theAfcenfion of our Saviour, on which Day, the Prince 
 in great ftate, with a Train of the principal Senatours enter herein, 
 and being thence rowed to the Port of the two Caftles near the Adri- 
 atkkSea, there after certain Ceremonies,the Duke folemnly marries 
 the Sea, and cafts therein a Gold Ring, in real afiurance of this Re- 
 pub licks Dominion thereof. 
 
 This Republick allow the Greek Church a full liberty in Venice, 
 who ufe as much ceremony in their Religion as the Church of Rome, 
 but hfs fuperftition. Nor have the 'jexvef mean privileges ,(for pro- 
 vided they alwais wear a red hat to denote the Blood they wifht and 
 drew upon their own heads when they crucified our Saviour , and 
 withhout which tisLawfull for any one to kill them) they have as 
 great immunities in all things as the Naturals , and more power than 
 the Common fort ; here alfo they have a Synagogue for every Nati- 
 on, whereof they have nine in their Guetta or Court, which is af- 
 figned them for their habitation. Their concourfe hither is from 
 their immunities grown innumerable, which I fuppofe may give as 
 great occafion as any other for this Cities vaft Traffique whereof 
 Ihe is Miftrefs in thefe parts, as alfo for the rife and fall of the Ex- 
 change at the pleafure of her Merchants : in their Bank are managed 
 vaft fumes of money, and infinite exchanges dayly made, and yet a 
 very fmall fum of money told out or payed through the ycer, 
 fuch is the Reputation of thofeeminent Senators who are there the 
 Bankers, where moft of the Merchants accounts are kept for a fmall 
 matter •■, the Ducket de Banco, whereby they compute their greateft 
 fums and govern their exchanges, is but an imaginary Coyn, rifing 
 and falling at their pleafure. The Citizens rich and poor, wear a 
 black Cap edged with fur on their heads, and are habited common- 
 ly with a long black Gown with large fleeves wirh a kind of fkirt to 
 throw over one moulder, and their Collar alwaies open. Their La- 
 dies did formerly wear their own or a counterfet hair below the 
 (boulders trimmed with gemms and flowers , and mounted in their 
 Chippenes(high as a mans legg) they walk between two hand- 
 maids to diftinguifhthemfelves from the Courtezans. ( from whom 
 the State for their free trade extract a great excife yeerly ) who go 
 covered with a white veil of tiffany. But of late yeers they ufe the 
 french freedome both in habit and converfation much differing 
 from the Italian reftri&ion through their Jealoufie. We had almoft 
 forgot the Ifhnd of Zuecca (diftant from Venice onemihs) wherein 
 vaft Edifices as well for divine worfhip, as for the ufe of the Citi- 
 zens, with ftately Gardens difcover themfelves , among the reft the 
 Church (del Rcdentore) or of the Redeemer deferves a place even 
 amongft thefaireft of Venice for its fplendorandfumptuoufhefs,be- 
 ing defigned by ralladius the famous Architect, and built by order 
 and at the coft of the State by a unanimous Vow which they made 
 in the yeer 1576 when they were infected with an extreme plague : 
 Which to denote, over one of the Gates of the right fide of the 
 faid Church, we finde it thus written. 
 
 Chrip 
 
Parti. PAD OV A. 
 
 Cbrifio Kedemptori. 
 
 Civ it ate Gravi FejHlentia 
 Liherata, 
 
 Ssnattu ex <z/oto* 
 
 Here alfo is (hewed fome of the Goyns in Silver, which were ftamp- 
 ed by Duke Lnigi Mocenigo , in the Seaventh Year of this Repub 
 lick. 
 
 l 7 
 
 
 
 The Journey from Venice to Milan, by the 
 Province of Marca Trivigiana, 
 and Lumbardy. 
 
 P A D OV A. 
 
 TOgoe from Venice to Padoua, firft they take Boat at Venice, and 
 row five Miles upon Sholes in the Gulf of Venice to Lizafufina, 
 fo called from a Dutch word corrupted .• At which place the direct 
 courfe of the River Brent , was heretofore by the Lords of Venice ar- 
 tificially locked up, to the end, that running through thofe Pools 
 and fait Moors, it might not through time and continual running 
 v/ork down the neighbouring Grounds.- which to prevent, there 
 was an Engine erected (called La Rota del Carre) whereby with ex- 
 cellent Induftry, the Barkes, with all their Lading and Merchan- 
 dize, were drawn up and tranfpofed from out of thefe Pools, 
 or fait Moors, into the River, and out of the River in like manner 
 into the Pools 5 which at this time is taken away, and forfupply 
 thereof, the water is locked in with four feveral Flood-gates, the 
 firft at Strj 9 the fecond at Dolo t the third at Mir a, and the laft at Me- 
 ranzan.From Lizafujina to Padoua they account four Miles, whereby 
 they travel either in Boats, which are drawn up againft the ftream 
 of the River, or elfe by Land. On each fide of which River through- 
 out, appears a large and moft fertile Campagna, with a rich foyl, 
 embellifhed with (lately and moft fumptuous Palaces, and lovely 
 Garden?, and no lefie beautified with the continual travelling of all 
 forts of People to and fro. Firft they arrive at the Country of Ori~ 
 ago, called inLatin Ora /<«w 3 becaufe to this place extend the Moorifh 
 Grounds or (holes, thence at Dob t and then at Stra ? Upon the left 
 Hand, ftands the great Town of Gantbarare, fo infinitely populous, 
 that tis almoft incredible 5 In the end they attain at Padoua. 
 
 P ADOV A the Learned. 
 
 The ancient City of Padoua isfeated in the Province belonging 
 
 p to 
 
 Lizafujina. 
 
iS 
 
 TheHiftory of I T A L T 7 Part I 
 
 to Venice, called Marco. 1rimgiana t inthemidft of a fpacieus Plain> 
 having the Sea at Twenty Miles diftacce on the Eafi: r.nd South 
 parts thereof: Towards the Weft, a large champion Country j And 
 towards the North, the Mountains Euganei 3 It is of a triangular 
 form, invironed with double Walls, and very deep Ditches ; The 
 Venetians have fortified it very much, by the immenfe Walls and 
 Bulwarks,built by them according to the modem way of Difcipline 
 and Judgement in Warr. 
 
 We need not produce Teftimony from antient Writers, to prove 
 the Antiquity of this City, nor that it was founded by Antenor 3 
 Brother oi Priam King of Trey, and that it was denominated hereto- 
 fore Pado 3 either from Po, or Patavio of Paphlagonia , becaufe thefe 
 things are notorious to all 3 As alfo that P 'adorn was Head of the Pro- 
 vince of Venice + now Marca Trivigiatta, or Mar quif ate oiJr eves 3 zx\d 
 that it was ever Friend, and allied to Rome without any kind oflub- 
 jection, being extremely beloved and elfemed, not lefle for their 
 Alliance or Parentage, having their joynt Original from the Famous 
 Troy, than for the many fer vices and kindnefle received from it.Nor 
 find we in any Author, That Padoua was either fubjugated, over, 
 come, or molefted by the Romans , but that it al wayes Itood free from 
 the Roman Yoke, and that it aided theRepublick on tnanyoccafi- 
 onsj And particularly, at that time when Rome was taken by the 
 GalliSireni, in the Warragainft the Vmbri^Boi, the Cimbri, and at 
 feveral other times; So that it well merited and obtained the Fran- 
 chife and Liberty of Citizens and Comunalty of Rome, and to be in- 
 fcribedinthe Fabian Tribe of Rome, without fending thither new 
 Inhabitants, or making it a Colony , from whence the Vadonans de- 
 rived equal voice both Aftive and Paffive , and participated all 
 the higheft degrees of that great Sate ; And therefore we read in the 
 Hiftories of Rome^ndia thofe of Padoua, That many Padouan Houfes 
 transferred themfelves to Rome^ & as many Roman Houfes to avoid 
 the Civil difTentions tranflated themfelves to Padoua. We may then 
 conclude it to be no great wonder, that we find in fo many ancient 
 Writers, and upon fo many Marble Stones, the Remembrance of 
 fo many Citizens of Padoua that were Roman Confuls, as gninto At- 
 tioCapitone, Sejio Papinio Alenio, L. ArontioPrimo, L. Stella Poeta, L. 
 Arontto Aquila, Giulio Lttpo , L. Giulio Paulo the Expounder of the 
 Law, L. Afcanio Pediano, Trafea Peto, € . Cecinna Peto, Pub. Quartio, and 
 fome others. Anothe r Peto was defigned Conful, and Veto Honorato 
 was Corrector of Italy, fo alfo many were Ediles, Praetors, Tribunes, 
 Cenfors, Priefts, and chief Bufhops. It was then fo great and pow- 
 erful, that they ufed tomufter five Hundred Cavaliers orHorfe- 
 men, And strabo writes, that they commonly fent to the wars, 
 one Hundred and twenty Thoufand Foot Souldiers. It maintain* 
 ed it felf ever glorious and invincible, until the Barbarous Nations 
 made themfelvs to be felt in Italy, for at the time of the Roman 
 Empires declination, Padoua alfo indured the fmart, being by the 
 ffloft Potent Attila (the Rod of God) wholly ruinated, and caft 
 down even to the very Foundations ^\ And though after that it was 
 reftored by Narfete, yet was it another time deft royed by the Longo- 
 bardi. But afterwards under Charles the Great and his Succeffors, 
 it began to fill it felf, and to take fome fmall reftoration. This Ci- 
 ty 
 
Parti. 
 
 V AD V A. 
 
 ip 
 
 ty was governed at firft by (Jonfuis, and after with a Podeita 
 orProvoft, atfuchtime as it became under the Power of Eccelli- 
 no the Tyrant 9 who treated it moft cruelly, which evidently appears- 
 For at this day, neer the Church of Saint Angufline^ they (hew a great 
 Tower, wherein the Padouans wereimprifoned, tormented and 
 flain, nay the Cruelty of this wicked Tyrant fo far exceeded, that i Q 
 one day in the City of Verona , for no other caufe than his fantafti- 
 cal humour, he caufed twelve thoufand Padouans to be Butchered. 
 Out of the ruines of fo many noble Palaces deftroyedby him, he 
 intended and begun near the Bridge a new Cittadel for his habita. 
 tion and fecurity , but he lived not to finifh above a fourth part, 
 which is built with walls of a vaft thicknefs with fiint-ftones fqua. 
 red, with a fair Palace and a proud Tower, which in truth is the 
 moft beautifull in all Fadoiia (and is poiTelTed at prefent by ll Signer 
 Conte Ciacomo Zabarella.) Many notable things are extant in this Ci- 
 ty, but in particular there is a vault under ground which pafleth 
 under the River, and goes even to the Piazza, to the Palace of the 
 Captain, and to the other abovenamed Cittadel . After his death 
 Padoua recovered her Liberty , and became very powerful!, fo that 
 (he got under her dominion, Vicenza, Verona, Irento, Trevifo, Fel- 
 tre 3 Belluno^Conegliano^ Ceneda 9 Saravalle, Chioza, and Bajjano, with 
 all their Territories, all thegood ground among the Fennes, and the 
 greateft part of the Friuli, and other important places; then the 
 Carrarejt made themfelves Lords thereof, and kept the power a- 
 bout one hundred yeers , at lair, the Venetians got the polTeffion, ha- 
 ving flain Francefio Novello with all his Children, and extinguished 
 the principality of the Cdrrarejt. Through this City runs the River 
 Brent together with the Bacchiglione , which dividing it felf into mi- 
 ny branches gives a great accomodation to the Citizens. One of 
 which branches or Arms they have brought to pafs thorow the dike 
 round about the Walls of the City. It affords in great aboundance all 
 neceffaries for livelihood, from whence the Proverb arites^olognia 
 ( CraJJa)or wallowes in good checr,but radaiuQurpa/fa^fur-paiieih it. 
 The bread they make here is the whiteft of Italy j And the wine is by 
 plinie accounted amongft the moft noble and excellent. This City 
 hath about it feven gates,many Stone Bridges,five fpacious piazzaes, 
 with many beautiful Edifices as well publick as private/Particularly 
 the Palace ufed for the civil Law is theproudeftinallE»rc/>e, if 
 not in all the World, forfo much as that it is covered with Lead, 
 without fuftaining either of Pillars or Beams, though its bredth 
 is eighty fix foot, and length two hundred fifty fix. Which Pa- 
 lace after it had continued a foot 202 yeers being in part ruinated 
 byfire,fhe£'e»e*irf«Lordsintheyeer 1420 rebuilt with greater fp'en- 
 dour. The figure of this Hall is like a Quarry of glafs with equal 
 fides,butnot right angled, not for the nearnefsof the Fabrick as 
 fome will have it, but becaufe natural reafon fhewes, that a man 
 ftanding bolt upright is with much more eafe thrown down than 
 when heftandsalittle drawn backwards, its fite is turned to rhe 
 fowerQuarters of Hea ven,fo that at theEquinoclrial the Beams of the 
 Sun at his rifing entring through the Eaftern Windowes, beat upon 
 the Weftern Windowes, between which is nothing erected to ob- 
 ftruct.it: and fo upon the contrary. And at the folftice or ftay of 
 
 Fa 'he 
 
20 
 
 The Hiftory of J T ALT, Part 1. 
 
 the Sun, when it can neither go higher nor lowe r , the Beams enter 
 thorow the Gates on theSouth part,and play upon the oppofite part; 
 in fum, there is neither Gate or any other part without excellent 
 Art and workmanihip. The painting of it reprefents the influence 
 of the fuperiour bodies upon the inferiour, divided with the figns of 
 the Zodiac^ in imitation of that Circle of Gold which ftood in the 
 Sepulcherof Sjmandio King of Egypt : In this Painting is to be no- 
 ted the Antient Habits, and amongft others a Prieft, who holds a 
 Planet upon his back, which antiently theyufed large and of rich 
 ftuffjfrom whence it took its name.Thelnventerof thefe Paintings 
 averreth that this was Pietrod'Abano a Padouan 3 who was a mod fa- 
 mous Philosopher and Aftrologer, whom it may well be, fincefo 
 many yeers before part - , that thefe prefent Paintings copyed by the 
 hands of certain Florentines, were drawn out from thofe which 
 were prefer ved in the Antient Palace 3 by the hand of Giotto, and 
 really thefe modern ones are very like to thofe which in the plain 
 Aftrolobe defigned by the invention of Vietro d' A bano are treated on 
 by Pierio in the thirty fecond and thirty ninth book of hishierogli- 
 ficks. And if the Antients made fuch anoife and fo much ac- 
 count of the Obelisk which in the Field of Mars in Rome (fit wed by 
 his fhadow the length of theNights and Days, what (hall we fay 
 of this Fabrick, wherein are collected fo many noble fecrets all 
 worthy to be contemplated and admired ? 
 
 Whofoever hath an appetite in Padoua to behold Paintings let 
 them fee the Church of the Confraternity of Saint Antonio, where 
 theyl meet Pictures upon boards drawn by Titian, and other fa- 
 mous Mailers, the Chapel of Saint Iw^einthe SancTuary,where 
 m2y befeenthe trueeffigies of Eccellino the Tyrant, as alio in the 
 Font of the Domo or chief Church by the hand of an excellent 
 Ljmner. In the remaikeableHall of the Lords of Zabarella Ve- 
 raria. may be feen pourtrayed the fiift Subjects of this City, as 
 Anterior its Founder, Volttfto the Poet, T. Livio theHiftorian,,^ 
 AfcanioTediano the GrammariaD, C. Cajfio the Tribune, L. Oron- 
 tio Stel/a the Poet, and Trajea Veto the Stoick, bothi?<w:#<*«confuls, 
 C. Valerio F laccho the Poet, L. Giulio Paolo the Lawyer, retro d? Aba- 
 no the moft famous Philofopher and Aftrologer, Albetino Muffato 
 the Poet, Doctor and Knight, Alberto Verimitano Theclo , Marjilio 
 Santo Sofji a an admirable Phyfician, Marjilio Mainardinoz. Philofo- 
 pher, Aftrologer, and a moft learned Divine, Bonaventure Pe- 
 raghinoznd Fraxcifeo Zabarella Cardinals, Bartolomeo Zabarella Arch- 
 Biihop of Florence , and Giaccmo Alvarato the famous expounder 
 of the La ,v,with a fair hiftory of the moft Antient times of Padoua^nd 
 theGenealogieof theHoufeof the Zabarelli, with this following 
 fubfeription .• 
 
 Elegia h<ec virorum Illujirium Patavinorum 
 ConditorumqueVrbis cum Genealogia Nobilif 
 Eamilia Zabare&£ ex Hijioriis^Gronicifque 
 guam brevijjime collefta "jeanncs Cav of eus fecit % 
 Scripfit in Pariete Presb. Francifcut Maurus 
 Pmivigianus cerebrofus, pinxit Gualterius euro. 
 Et impenfa Ccmitis Julii Zabarella &dmn% 
 
 Do* 
 
Parti, 
 
 P A D OV A. 
 
 Domini , Omies contivanei. AID. XL IX. Idihtts 
 Martii. 
 
 In private houfes may alfobe found moft excellent curiofities, 
 as with the Family of Alantotia , for Marco Mantonannxoii emi. 
 nent Lawyer built a fair Palace in the Street of the Hermits with a 
 delicious Garden annexed , in the firft Court whereof Hands a great 
 ColoiiusotMi<ble,being the figure ot 'Hercules-, and above is a ftately 
 Librjryno lefs repknilhed with Books, excellent Pictures, pour< 
 traits of eminent men of the World , and lingular fculpiures, 
 than with collection? of Brafs Figures, Marbles, Medals, ando- 
 ther exquifice things both natural and artificial., which with the 
 faid Palace are now poireffed by Signor G aj paro Mantoua Doctor of 
 Phyfick and Nephew of the abovenamtd Marco. 
 
 Lwgi Coradino Doctor of Philofophy and of the Laws, hereto- 
 fore Reader of the Digejts orVolums of the Civil Law in the Vni- 
 verfity , a man of a molt quick, wit and polite Learning, an excel- 
 lent difputant, and particularly converlant in antiquities, madea 
 noble collection of Books, Pictures, Sculpture.?, Medals, antique 
 Bn*fs and Marble Tablets, and other rarities, which for the moft 
 part are enjoyed by the Signor Andrea his Son,Doctor of Philofophy 
 and Phyfick, and Reader in the College, &l : irtuofo t who conferves 
 them in their Antient Houfein the Street called Torecelle. 
 
 Gio Domnico Said Doctor of Philofophy and Phyfick, moft renow- 
 ned for having been fo many yeers Reader in the Vniverjity t zxx6. for 
 having exercifed his Profeflion of Phyfick with a known reputation, 
 In his Palace which ftands in the Street called San Lorenzo hath fet 
 upaStudy replenifhed with Books, Pictures, Marbles, Brafs pie* 
 ces, Medals, and other pretious rarities, and in particular he hath 
 there alarge and neat Prefs with fhelves all made with Walnut 
 Tree, filled with Veffcls of Chriftal, with all the fimple minerals, 
 and other rare andexquifite things, which were collected by the 
 Sigaor Conte CJacaMoZabarella t Doftor 3 KeadeiH>£ theCollege, and Ca- 
 non of Tadoua^ after whofe death coming to the hands of Signor 
 Bonifacio Zaburella his Brother, they were by him given to the above- 
 named Signor Gio : Domenico^ in teftimony of being his great Friend 
 and Ally, as a gift of moft finguiar eftimation. 
 
 Eeucdetio sahatico Knight , a Philofopher, and Phyfician,and 
 chief lAeader of the Vttrverftty ) a moft figoal perfon, no Jefs for his 
 Reading than cminency in Phyfick, hath reftored near theDon*9 or 
 chief Churjh,his Palace, making there a moft ftately Gallery, gar- 
 dens with Fountains, Voleries, and a thoufand other excellencies, 
 befides his books and Pictures 
 
 The Signor Conte GiacomoZabaralU Count of C>W<iZ>z«* and of the 
 Empire, a moft reno«vned and vituous Perfon,hath fo much labou- 
 red in the f'fudy of Hiftoiy and Anriquities,that meritorioudy by the 
 L earned ft Pens he is ftyled the Reftorer of Antiquity and renewer 
 of things devoired by time,beingas well read in the Genealogieof 
 P/inces and other Mutinous Families, aworkas may be faid with- 
 out compare:, Befidesthat hi hath found out the Invention to bla- 
 fon Coats of Gentility to a great perftcti, n, with the right Li- 
 nage and the equal compartments. The works competed by him 
 
 G 8 lve 
 
 u 
 
11 
 
 TheHiftory oi IT ALT, Part I 
 
 give a fuflicient aflurance that a high value is juftly putuponhim, 
 whereoiarc extant the Genealogie ot Antmore , Agamemnon , Trafea 
 Peio } Orontio Stella y Erandeburgica, Polonica, Auraica f and thelini- 
 verfal Genalogie of thofe Princes , and of many Illuftrious Families, 
 the relation of fo many Originals of Gentility, the Hiftories of 
 Conterina, Cornera , Ze/w, §>uirina 9 Eemba, Mickiela, and other, his 
 hiftoriesof the City, and Families of Padoua^ the glories of Venice, 
 withmany difcourfes, Orations, Elogies and other workes much 
 efteemed by the Learned^He hath in the Street called Coda the whole 
 length of his Palace erected a moft noble Library , wherein befides 
 that there are great Quantities of Books, of Hiftories, of Humanity, 
 and other Learning all moft choice, foalfo are there a good number 
 of Manufcripts in Paper and Parchment, whereof many arefetin 
 gold with exquifite Limning 'in Vermillion, many whereof were 
 never printed, whofe very Originals he is Matter of : Moreover, 
 he hath the Chronicles of Vadoua as well thofe that are in print as in 
 manufcript} as alfomanyof Venue and other Cities : And befides 
 thefe in a Prefs of Nut-Tree of a notable Largenefs and Workman- 
 (hiphehath collected many Marbles, Brafs pieces and other things 
 natural and Artificial, Antient and Modern, of great value, asalfo 
 a quantity of antient Medals, and of the later Princes both of 
 Gold and Silver, and other Metals, which are of a fufficientva- 
 lew, befides many rare Pictures by the hand of the chief Menof 
 the part Ages, and the authentique pourtraies of Francefco Cardi- 
 na\ t Eartolomeo & Paulo Archbifhops,CV/<*/«fo and Lorenzo Bifhops, all 
 of the houfe of Zabarella , and likewife of the Counts Giaccomo the 
 elder, Giulio and Giacomo the Philofopher , and of other eminent 
 men of his houfe 5 He alfo prefer ves the great privileges granted 
 to his houfe by many Popes, Emperors , Kings and Princes, with 
 the Key of gold given by Majfiminian the firft, Emperor, to the faid 
 Count Giaconto his Anceftors, he likewife preferves many Antient 
 and notable Seals of his Anceftors, wherewith they ufed to feal the 
 privileges of thofe Counts, Knights, Doftor*, and Notaries which 
 were created by them, together alfo withmany other moft incom- 
 parable excellencies both concerning his own Family and many 
 others. 
 
 Monfignior Giacomo FtlippoToMajjini Bifhop of Citta Nova \a the 
 Street called Ponte de Tad/ , hath his Palace reftored and fignalized 
 by the Signor Paulo his Brother long fince Doctor of Laws and the 
 firft Advocate of his Age in his Countrey lately deceafed with a 
 univerfal fbrrow. This Signor is generally efteemed for a moft vir- 
 tuous perfon , a Philofopher, a Divine, an Aftrologer, an Hifto- 
 rian , and a Humanift, in all which he hath juftified his Judgment 
 by thofe moft Elegant Books he hath wrote upon all thefe fubjects, 
 fo much approved by the Virtuous : His Study excels no lefs in 
 Books, Pictures, Medals and other things ofvalew, Than in the 
 fignal Library of the works of the Lawes left him by his faid Brother. 
 
 The Signor Conte Giovanni deLazara 3 Knight of the Order of Saint 
 Stephen, Son to the Signor Conte Nicolo Knight of the fameOrder 5 ham 
 no lefs honoured his Country by his Nobility and Virtue, than for 
 his eminency in the knowlege of the Antiquities of it, and many 
 other Countreys .• whereto he hath added a Collection of divers 
 
 manu- 
 
Parti. 
 
 V A D V A. 
 
 manuscripts of great effeem, as alfo a good quantity or Medals and 
 ; other things of price, among which theantient Sealof the Padoitan 
 '■ [U publick (whereof Scardcwne in the i 2 ljlio takes notice)isgreat- 
 !ly valued: Btfides en one fide of his Palace (which is one of the 
 jfaireft of ihe CityJ)he hath drawn a Border whereon are fet the 
 jPourtraiesof many Lords and Piinces the Piedecellors, and Parencs 
 of his Family. 
 
 The Signor Sartorio Orfato Doctor in Philofophy andPhy. 
 fick. Son of the Signor Orfato Knight of Saint .M/r^ an ttninent 
 Subject in his Countrey,is a young Student not lefs read and expert 
 in Philofophy and Phyfick than in Hiftory, Humanity,and Antiqui- 
 ties, and in his brave houfe in the Street of Saint tranceJco i hath 
 made a Collection of the belt Books and fquares , with a good 
 number of Medals, Marble?, brafs pieces and other fingularitiesof 
 great Price: who having compofed feveral work^bothin Profeand 
 v^rfe,as well in theLatineasIta!ianLangu i ge,toadd to the fame and 
 beauty of this his houfe.,colletts all the Antiquities of Marble Stone 
 that can be iound and obtayned in this Countrey. 
 
 The Signer FranccfcoOrJato his Paten tor Ally having his handfom 
 ftructure near the Piazza Foizzte, isa Gentleman virtuous andof 
 no lefs noble Spirit, skilfull in the Mathematicks, in Aiaretine Af- 
 faires, Hiftory, and Horfmanfhip,and hath amplified a Study with 
 Books, Tablets, Medals, Matbles, and Brafs pieces, and other 
 valuable and Antique Curiofities : Befides which in his Hall is 
 drawn round a Frife, whereto are hung large Tablets made by the 
 chief Lymners of this Age, wit h the H iftories of the feveral illuftrious 
 Women in the holy Scripture mentioned. 
 
 The Signor Giovanni Galvano Doclor of Lawes, Reader in the 
 ftudies,and an excellent Dilputant, is rneritorioufly at this time ere. 
 ated Protector of the famous Nation of the Germans, being elected 
 to that degree not fo much for his fingular Veftue and Intelligence 
 in his proteflion of the Law,and defence in Criminal caufes,as for his 
 knowlegein Language.%Humanity s Hiftory 8c other the molt worthy 
 Studies, as appears by the moft learned compofitions made by him 
 which demon/trate his great Wifdome; which alio clearly appears 
 by h's skill in Antiquities, and in the Collections madebyhim of 
 Bocks, Tablets, Marbles, brafs pieces and other rare and exqui- 
 fite things, wherewithin abundance he hath no left beautified his 
 trio ft fignal Stud f, than with his Collection of antient Medah,both 
 of Gold and Silver and other fingular Metals of great valew , in 
 theknowlcge whereof meft Mtn of this Age will yeeld him a Pre- 
 cedency. 
 
 The Signor Akjffandro Efie a moft. worthy Patriot, and much ho- 
 noured in his Countrey , hath in his houfe likewife near Santa Mar- 
 garita got together a notable quantity of Medals and antient Seals, 
 and other rare and eftimable curiofities. With which wewillend 
 our account of the excellencies of private Houfes. 
 
 In the next place areprefented to our view and admiration fea- 
 ven marvellous things whichare Temporal, and feaven thatare 
 Ecclefiaftick, befides many others: For the firff. feaven are named 
 il Pallazzo clella Ragjone or Hall of Juftice , the Publ-ck Schools , the 
 Palace of Fofcari alia Arena s the Court or Palace of the Chieftain , 
 
 G 2 the 
 
H 
 
 The Hillory otTTALT, Pare I. 
 
 t heCaftle for the Munition^heronte or Bi idge Molmo and // Tratto del- 
 la valleox Afeadorv^nd fur (he Ecclefiaftick thefe Churches, // Domo t 
 ll Santo, Santa Juflina 3 Santo Agojlino 3 Li Carmiw, Li Heremitani , 
 and San Francefco. 
 
 In the Palazza delta Ragione or Hall of Juftice abovenamed are 
 ftanding fair Antiquities, among others is one of that immortal 
 Treafureof Hiftory and Antiquity , Livie : in whofe ever-living 
 memory on that fide of this Hall towards the Weft, is erected a Se- 
 pulchre or Monument with this old infeription or epitaph added 
 thereunto. 
 
 V. V. 
 T.L1VIVS 
 
 LI vim. r. V. 
 
 gJJARTM L. 
 
 "'halts 
 concor d1alis 
 
 P AT A VI 
 S IBI ET SVIS 
 0MN1BVS. 
 
 tit us Liviut^o. Imperii Tib.C&faris an , vita exceffit^tatis vero fu£ , 
 
 L XX vl. and not far diftant from thence ftands his Image. 
 
 On the right hand of which is ere&ed another Monument with 
 an Image made of the whiteft Marble of Sperone } speroni, a man of 
 an elevated Ingenuity , as may be known by his works, whichfor 
 the moft part he hath writ in theltalian tongue, with this Inferipti- 
 on following. Sperono Speron'rofapientijfimo, eloquent ijfimoque , Opti- 
 mo &viro i & civi t Virtutem i meritaqne a&a vitafapientiam, eloquen- 
 tiam declarant fcript a. Publico decreto. Vrbis quatuor viri 1 589. & Vr- 
 bis 2712. Over jevery Dore of this great Hall ( whereof it hath 
 four) is a remembrance of thofe four moft famous men who for their 
 Birth challenge this City, and for their virtue have no lefs Illuftrated 
 this their Countrey than Italy it felfwith the whole Univerfe. The 
 one is of the abovenamed and not to be too much honoured Titus 
 Liviuty the words whereof follow. 
 
 T. Livius Pat. Hijioriarum Lat.nominis facile princeps , & cttjus La&e- 
 am eloquentiam etas illa } q$t£ vir tut e par iter , ac eYuditione flgrebat, adeo 
 admirata eft, ut multi Roman* non ut Vrbem rerumpulcherrimam ) aut Vr- 
 bis } & Or bis Dominum Offaviatium , fedut hunc Vnum inviferent , audi' 
 rentque, a Gadibus profeUi Jint. Hie res owner y quas Pop. Rom. pace bel- 
 loque gej/it quatuor decim DecadibtM mirabili felicitate complexus } Jibi t ac 
 patriae gloriam peperit fempiternam. 
 
 Over another Dore. 
 
 Paulus fat. I. C. clarijjimus , hujus'Urbis Deem fternum^Alex.Mam- 
 me£temp. floruit ', Ad Pr£turam 9 Prs.fetturam , ConfulatumqueeveQus. 
 Cujufquefapientiam tanti fecit jujiinianus Jmperator , ut nulla civtlis 'juris 
 particula hujus legibus non decoretur. ghti fplcndorefamg immortalis ocu- 
 lis pojieritatis admirand. Injigni imagine hie merit decor iitur. 
 Over the third Dore. 
 
 Petrus apponusPat. Pbilofopbia-, Medicinaque fcientiffimur. ob iclque 
 Conciliators cognomen adeptns. jjirologi£ vero adeo peritus , ut in Ma- 
 gi* 
 
Parti, 
 
 P A D OF A. 
 
 15 
 
 gi& jitfpicionem incident Jalfoqne de Hueriji poflulatus^ibfolHtmfHit. 
 Over the laft Dore. 
 
 AlbertusPat. Heremitane Religionis splendor , contincntijjima vita 
 fumpta Parifiis Infula Magifirali, in iheologia tantumprofecit^ ut Pauhm ' 
 Mojen, Evangelia, ac libros SanUorum laudatiffime expojuerit. Facmdjtfi, 
 nms ea state concionator. Immortali memoria optima jure datur. 
 There is alfo in this Palace a Marble engraven after this manner. 
 
 jnclyto Alphonfo Aragonum Regi t Studiorum Anthori , Reipitb. Venet<e 
 feeder ato^Antonio Panormit a Legato fuo orante, et Matth&o Vifturio hujus 
 Vrbis Pratore conftantijfimointcrcedente^ ex hijlor'tarum Parente,& T.Liv. 
 ojfibus, qn£ hoc tumulo conduntur^ Brachium Patavin. cives in mwtus con- 
 cejjere 145 1. 
 
 To conclude with this Palace or Hall of Juftice, if considered as 
 an upper Room, tis the faireft and moft fpacious ofchriftendome, of 
 which there is no part but hath forne Agronomical fecret; tis con- 
 vened with Lead, and round about goes a ftately corridor of Marble. 
 
 Near the abovenamed Palace ftand the Schools for all Learning, 
 which is the fecond Marvel, not only of Padona but of Europe^ 
 within is a fquare Court,the building two (lories high one over ano- 
 ther,fuftained with moft fair Pillars ; and round about in every cor- 
 ner are the Arms of all fuchas have been Con fuls or Prote&ors in 
 thatVniverJitjij fome in colours only/oaae in colours and ftone,with 
 their Country, name,and yeer fet up, at ihe Venetians charge,to make 
 famous this Nurfery of Learning. The Anatomic 4 Theater creeled 
 in thofe Schools ftands above,and is moft neatly contri ved,and moft 
 commodious both for the Profeflor & the Spectators This Vnivcrfity 
 of Padona is as it were the Market place of Learning t'andmuch ap- 
 proaches the Academy of Athens) To this place from all parts of the 
 World throng the moft eminent in all the liberal fciences , and no 
 finall number of the Nobles as Scholars, not only from all parts of 
 Itdy and its neighbouring Provinces, but from the fartheft parts of 
 the World. In this Gity are ten Colleges, where are allowed ho- 
 nourable Penfions to many Scholars. 
 
 The firft College ftands in the Street Santo called Prattenfedexive- 
 ing its name from its Founder Pileo Conte di Tr^^Cardinal, and Bi- 
 fhopof Padona jn which are appointed 20 Scholars, Padouans, Ve- 
 netians , Trivijans, and Frirlans , with a Prior or Governor, who 
 heretofore kept a Coach .• The Scholars penfions were 20 Crowns 
 per Moneih and more, but the Merchants Banke of Venice fwhou 
 fually payed them J being of late lelTened, at prefent,befides their 
 Lodging and Service, they have but ten Crowns by the yeer. The 
 Cardinal committed the Government thereof to Francefco Zabarella 
 his Nephew, and after his death to the moft antient of hishoufe, 
 and of that of the Family ^zLeo«e,recommending it alfo to the care 
 and overfeeing of the fucceffive Bifhops of I'adoua , and to the Pri- 
 or of the College of the ProfeiTors of the Laws. 
 
 The fecond called Spinello a ponteCorvo inVntaXtAbyBslforteSpi- 
 nellooi Naples 3 is governedby the Priors of the Mafters of Art,& by the 
 moft Antient of the houfe of Doftors , v/here are maintained four 
 Scholars Mafters of Arts for five yeers , two Padouans, one Trevifan, 
 and another Stranger, each of whofe allowance is twenty five Due 
 kats by the yeer. 
 
 H The 
 
16 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part 1 1 
 
 The third named da Rio built in the ftreet fo called, and inftituted 
 by that Family 3 confiftsof 4 Scholars Matters of Arts,approved by 
 themoftantientof that family, their ftay is permitted for 7 yeers , 
 their allowance is, Lodging Rooms, Bread and Wine, with twelve 
 Duckats 3 and they ought to be of Padoua or its Territories. 
 
 The Fourth called del Campione fituated in the borgo di Vignal is for 
 nine Scholars in the Arts : two Padouans , two Trivijans-, two Far- 
 rarejians , two French men, and one other Foreiner, and for feaven 
 yeers , they are alio wed W heat, Wine, Wood, Service, Lodging, 
 andfome moneys. ThePatrone orMafteris the Abbot of Saint O- 
 prian oiMuran. 
 
 The fifth named Santa. Cantarina is fubmitted to certain Noble Ve- 
 netians , and hath for Scholars in the Am.16 who have Corn, Wine, 
 Money,Salt,Lodgings,andService allowed in a handlom^proportion 
 for feaven years. 
 
 Thefixth dedicated to Santa Lucia by the Brefcians conteyns 6 
 Scholars in the fciences chofen by the Communalcy of Brcjcia, their 
 allowance is 25 Duckats apeece with their Lodging andiervice 
 defrayed. 
 
 The feaventh called Fcltrino founded in the Street Santo ,is gover* 
 ned by the nobles of the family of Altini in feltre, the continuance 
 of the Scholars ( who muft be ftudents in the Laws)is feaven yeers, 
 their number is but twoScholars and one Artift,they have for allow 
 ance a quantity of Wheat being 1 6 meafures for each, andioMa- 
 ftellaes of Wine with their Lodgings. 
 
 The eighth built in thcStteet San Leonardo named del Ravenna, is 
 put under the tuition oiPiavano di s. Giulano di Venetia 9 1k the Scho- 
 lars have Lodging Rooms, Services, and oneDuckat allowed by 
 the yeer for each. 
 
 The ninth in the Viginali called Cocho is for Six Noble Venetians , 
 each ones allowance, being Lodging, Service, and 40 Duckats 
 yeerly. 
 
 The tenth called Amulio, near the Tratto delta vails , is for 1 2 Scho- 
 lars Noble Venetians , founded by Marco Antonio Amulio Cardinal 3 
 and every Scholar is allowed , Lodging Rooms, his fervices are pay* 
 ed, and fix Duckats by the year. 
 
 The third notable and marvellous Temporal Rarity of Padouais 
 the Piazza or place caled the Arena , which is a noble Court, round 
 about which ftandstheold Arches, and Vejiigia of a proud Theatre, 
 which by the antients was called Naumachia, but of later yeers they 
 ufe it to run a Tilt, and for all manner of horfemanfhip, withma- 
 ny other games; the Ladies ftanding to behold them in the open 
 Cafements of that proud Palace , which ftands at the head of the 
 Court in a Lunary form , the Arena or Court being O val. 
 
 Backwards towards the Wall are gardens filled with Vines and 
 pretious Fruits, as, alfoon that fide which is towards the Church 
 of the Hermits with a fmall Chapel dedicated to the holy Virgin, 
 which is alfoa Prior ate of the houfe of Fofcarie and belongingto that 
 ferene Family of Venice. 
 
 The fourth marvellous object is the Court of the Captain or Go- 
 vernour of the City,where the Proud Palace of the f aid PrsfeU, the 
 Chamberlains and many other Citizens habitations , befides the 
 
 dwel- 
 
Parti. 
 
 V AD V A. 
 
 dwelling of a world of other People are lb contrived that it may 
 not improperly be called a little Cittadel .• This was the Kingly 
 houfe of the Carrarefi , Its Chambers may truly be faid to be built 
 for Princes, with two halls which for their LargenefsandNoble- 
 nefs could not be built for other; theone is Called the Hall of Gu 
 ants , wherein ftands the publick Library : here are pourtrayed the 
 moll eminent Subjeftsof the Roman Republick,ck of the World, with 
 a reprefentation of their moft famous Acts, by the hand of Gnalterio 
 a moft eminent Lymner,with their Elegies under each figure,hereto- 
 fore compofed by the moft virtuous Giovanni diCavazzi a gentlema of 
 Padoua , and infcribed in a fignal Character by Fietro Francefco Pucivi- 
 giano called the Moor : The Books conteyned in the faid Library are 
 moft excellent and in great abundance 5 The fignor GioBattijia 
 Salvatico , Doctor, Knight, and a Gentleman of Tadoua bequeathed 
 to it, by his Teftament, hib Collection of the Books of the Laws of a 
 great valew. The fignor Giacomo Caino a Gentleman of Furlan 
 Doctor and Reader m the College hath likewile given to it the Li- 
 brary of pompcoCadaoa Phyfician hisllncle,of no lefsefteem; The 
 fignor Conle Giacomo Zabarella hath added to it a brave quantity of 
 Manufcripts, fome writ in parchment, others in paper t bound in 
 Leather Lymned with Vermillion and Gold rarely and exquihtely : 
 fome whereof were never Printed 3 amongft which are the workes 
 of Cardinal Zabarella } of the Count Giacomo Zabarella hisGrandfa. 
 ther of Philofophy 5 of the Count Francefco his Father , which are 
 in rime and profe in the Tufcan Tongue very learned, and treating 
 of many fubjedts concerning his own Family : Therein alfo are the 
 Works of CeJ'are Cremonio the Philofopher, and many other bought 
 at the Publick coft,and others added there by theSignor Ottavio Fer- 
 rari a Gentleman of Milan Reader of Humanity in the Schools,and 
 the publick Library .Keeper, which Library is every day fo inereafed 
 by the Nobility and others, that tis well hoped within a lit- 
 tle time twill arrive to the Reputation of the richeft and moft fa- 
 mous in the World. 
 
 The fifth wonder is the Caftle for the Munition abovenamed near 
 the Church of Saint dgojiino, which was built by the Tyrant Eccelli. 
 lino for his fafeguard, wherein he flew fo many Noble Padouans^hat 
 he had almoft deftroyed the whole City.- herein are the publick Gra* 
 narks to maintain plenty in the Cijy, and all forts of Ammunition 
 for its defence in time of need. 
 
 The fixth admirable thing is the Ponte Molino^ fo called from the 
 thirty wheels of Mills there erected (a moft fignal Object) and the 
 five Arches of flint Stone; near which ftands a Palace in manner of 
 a Fortrefs built with thofe very Large fquaredSc wrought Stones w ch 
 were brought from the other ruinated Palaces and Forts by Eccellino 
 the Tyrant, with a Fort and moft fayr Tower, in theyeer 1250 
 And is now poflefled by the Count Giacomo Zabarella } as is above 
 faid. 
 
 The feventh wonderfull Object of Padoua is ilPratodella^allea. 
 Meadow fo ample that twould alone contain a great City : It was 
 antiently called Campo Marzo^ht field of Mars 3 from the Martial ex> 
 ercifes there ufed , and in this place were many Saints beheaded by 
 the pagans , to fuch a number that they are wont to fay that part 
 
 H a which 
 
 *7 
 
2S 
 
 TheHiftoryof IT ALT, Part 1 
 
 which is compaffed by Water was emplaftered with the blood ol 
 thofe Martyrs .• Here every firft Saturday of the Moneth is held a 
 free Fayr or Market of all forts of Cattel and other Creatures, and 
 at the Feaft of Saint Antonio is a famous Fayr there, which although 
 it happens'in the hotteft Weather, being there kept for fifteen days 
 in the mideft of June, and that there are then many thoufands of 
 Creatures, yet there is never fecn a Fly to mole ft them. 
 
 If to thefe might be added an eighth Wonder, we would name 
 the Vineyard or Garden of the Knight Bcntfacio Papafava, fituate 
 in the Street called Vanzo , where befidesa rnoft fair and adorned 
 Palace, you beholds many ftatues of excellent workmanihip, and 
 infinite numbers of Cittron and Orange Trees, which forme 
 lovely walks to the PalTengers, for beautifying whereof, of thofe 
 Trees are framed Arches and Profpecfs to delight the eye; to whofe 
 confines is conjoyned a full ftream of water brought from the main 
 River by a curious Aqueducf,which being confined to one Gale un- 
 der the Wall, gives at its utterance a fweet murmur, and with its 
 clear gurgling on every fide wafhes the Foot of the Palace." And 
 the flowry bankes within which the laid Rivoiet is contained ren- 
 ders the Palace as it were in an Hlandof fo fpecious delights and 
 pleafant Savours, that what is added by Art to that of Nature may 
 well caufe it to be termed the eighth wonder. Hither flock for 
 their Paftime the Ladies and Gallants of r adorn , invitesng with 
 them alfo the Foreiners with their Mufick and other Paftimes, 
 where(in the hotteft Weather J the thade or the Trees, the Ample- 
 nefs of the Walks, the pleafantnefs of the Waters, and the beauty 
 of the fite add (to their other joys and delights)a frefh Ayr. And 
 although thefe beauties (hew themfelves in perfection, yet that 
 magnanimous Cavalier never ceafes to illuftrate it ( to his no fmall 
 cofts) with greater delights ; and by this and his other Gallantries 
 fhewes himfelf to be born of that Family which for its Greatnefs and 
 Dominion was no led formidable in Italy, than .renowned in Europe. 
 At this prefent refides here, this Noble Perfon with his Brother Sci- 
 pio Papafava, Knight of the great Crofs cf the Order of Hierufalem^ 
 Prior of Meffina, and the molt worthy Primate of the whole King- 
 dome of Sieilia, together with the virtuous Roberto Son of the a- 
 bove named Cavalier Bonifacio^ young in yeers, but his conditions 
 and practices may challenge the ripeft Age, who is the Comendatory 
 Abbot of Sebinko, being Doftor of Philofophy,ofDivinity& of the 
 Laws, a true Splendor to his Country and Family, being con ver- 
 fant in the Greek, Latine, and Hebrew Tongues, andwellknown 
 in the Mathematicks,as was teftified by the Angular experiments of 
 his Ingenuity fomeMoneths fince. There flourifhes likewife of this 
 Noble Family at this time a numerous company of Cavaliers and 
 great Subjects , who degrade not from their moft famous and Ami- 
 ent Progenitors, of whom to fpeak but little will d:minifh from 
 their Fame, and much is not opportune in this place: for their Ordi- 
 nary dwelling, thefe Signors have a Palace in the Street San Fran- 
 cefco Maggiore, where they have Coppies of exquifite Books in all 
 the Proieflionsjleft them by Monfignor 1)bertino Papafava Bifhopof 
 Adria , Brother of Bonifacio 5 befides many antient Manufcripts and 
 Authors not yet printed , which relate the Hiftories of this Family 
 
 as 
 
Part I. 
 
 P AD V A. 
 
 alfo the old coynmg Prefs of the ^arrarejiun Princes, with other 
 pretious monuments of this Houfe, preferved in the Chamber of 
 Rowles of the faid Palace , which may be termed the mod large 
 and worth feeing of this City. 
 
 And now we come to theSpirituil wonders and Churches of Pa- 
 doua-, whereof the firft is the Domo or Cathedral Church, fituate 
 (near)inthe midft of the City. The Fadouam were converted to 
 the Chriftian Faith, by the predication of Saint Trosdocimo their 
 firft Bifhopp authorized by Saint Feter 3 who 'among others J bapti- 
 zed Vitaliono the Chief Man in this City , who therefore built the 
 GhurchofSaint.S0^z<z. Henry the fourth Emperor enriched this Ca- 
 thedral, giving to it twenty feav<-n rich Canonicats , of fogooda 
 reverse w that they may be ftyledfb many Bifhops; among which 
 are four dignities, thjt is to fay, Arch- prieft. Arch. Deacon, The 
 Perfon that hath charge oi the wax, &c. And the Deacon 5 there 
 are twelve under Canons, lixCuftodi or Redrors, and fix Manjena- 
 ryov Houskeepers , and more than 60 other Perfons and Clerks be- 
 longing tothe Chapel, beiides the Matters of Grammar and Mu- 
 fick.with imny excellent Singers, fo that this Clergy exceeds a hun- 
 dred Perfons,and their Revenew above a hundred thoufand Duck- 
 ats by the yeer, which makes it the mod: noble and Rich of Italy : 
 and therefore tis that the Bifhop oipadmia is fry led a little Pope, 
 and his Canons with fome reafon the Cardinals of Lombardy t for 
 that their Chapter is alwaies filled with the Nobility of Venice^Fa* 
 dona, and other Cities, whereof fo many have afcended to the 
 Miter, andHatr, that tis worthily called to this day the Seminary 
 of Cardinals and great Prelates. 
 
 In this Church { not elfewhere as is pretended)lyes enterred the 
 Wife of Henry the fourth, whofe name was Berta t as is proved by 
 this antique Infcription . 
 
 FrtfuliS} <&■ Cleri pr<efenti prrfdia phano 
 Donavit Reginajacens hoc mar more Bert a 
 Henrici I egis ratavi i celeberrima quarti 
 Conjunx tamgrandidono memoranda per <evum. 
 
 Under the Chorus within a rich Monument of Marble, lies the 
 Body of Saint Daniel, one of the four Tutelars. 
 
 Two great Cardinals repofe in this Church, who were both 
 Arch priefbofthe fame, that is to fay, Fileode Fratta, and Fran- 
 cefco Zabarella, with other eminent Perfons. 
 
 FileotontidiFratta a Citizen of Fadona and oiFnrlan was for his 
 vertue created Bifhop of Fadoua, and afterwards Cardinal of Saint 
 Frajfjedeby Pope Gregory the 1 1 th. and Apoftolick Legate. But in 
 theyeer 1378. the Schifm being rifen between £V^«thefixth his 
 fuccefTor, and Clement the Antipope, he was depofed by Vrban, 
 after whofe death Bonifacio the ninth fuceeding,he was again created 
 Cardind with the Title of the 7 ^ufcnlan Bifhop, and Apoftolick Le- 
 gate,and finally he dyed at radona, and was buried in this Church 
 in a fubhme and moft noble Arch with this memorial. 
 
 I Tileus 
 
 W 
 
w 
 
 The Hiitory of IT ALT, Part 1. 
 
 rilens Pratt a Card. 
 Stirpe Comes Prat<e , pr£clarus origine-, multis 
 Dotibus infignis , feclo celeberrimus Orbe : 
 D efundusjiatuitficfuprema voluntas , 
 Hue Cardinalis Pileus tumnlaiw in urna. 
 
 And this Arch was heretofore in the Chapel of theHolyeft,on 
 the right fide of the Chorus, but being neceffitated to make the 
 door of the greater Veftry in that place, it was removed out of 
 that Chapel,and adjoyned to the neareft Wall,in a worthy and emi- 
 nent Place. 
 
 Francefco Zabarella , a Philofopher,Divine, and a fublime Lawyer, 
 was efteemed the Prince of the wife men of the World in his Age, 
 and his works left behinde him prove his defert of that Title: He 
 was a mod Learned man in all the fciences,and of a moft holy Life, 
 for which reafon the Florentines and Padouans offered himtheEpif- 
 copal Dignity > and other Princes not a few eminent Degrees. At 
 laftPope^« the22d. created him Arch- Biihop of Florence , then 
 Cardinal of SS. cof/no^nd Damianojn the yeer 141 1. andafterthat 
 Legate of the Apoftohck Sea, 8c Prafident of the Council ofconjian- 
 %a 5 where being earneftly defired and defigned tor Pope , he dyed 
 in the 78rh. yeer of his Age , in Anno 1477, For whofe Body (tranf- 
 ported into his Couutrey) was erected a moft fayr Maujeole a rich 
 Monument, where it repofeth to this day in the Chapel of the Blefied 
 Virgin, on the left fide of the Chorus,tn an Arch of pure white Mar- 
 ble with this Memorial. 
 
 Franc. ZabarelU Flor. Archepis. virooptinto, 
 1)rbi & Orbi gratijfimo , Divini Humanique juris 
 Interpret! prajtantijfimo , in Cardinalium Collegium 
 Ob fummamfapientzant co.optato, ac eoruttdem animis 
 pontifice prope maximo Io. 22. ejus fuafit abdicato 
 Ante Martinum V. objingularemprobitatem in Conjiant. 
 Concilio. Joannes Jacobi viri Clarijjimijilius id 
 Monumentumponendum euravit. Vixit Annos LXXVlU. 
 Obiit CoJianti<e 1 4 1 7. 
 
 This Chapel was called of SS. Pietro, and Paulo t and was acquired 
 and endowed by Bartol. Zabarella Arch-bifhop of Spalatro for the ufe 
 and name of his Family^ who thence are Patrons of it and maintain 
 therein two Chaplains 5 afterwards it took the name of theBlefied 
 Virgin, when the Noble Matron Antonia Zabarella Sifter to the Car- 
 dinal bequeathed to it by her Will that moft holy Image, which was 
 found in her houfe, then placed over the Altar of this Chapel, 
 which Tradition faith was painted by Saint Luke : which Robert 
 King of Naples give to Francefco Petrarcha } by whomtwas tranf- 
 ported to Padoua i and left to Giacomo the 2. of Carrara its Lord. 
 Alter whofe deceafei' came to Marftlio his fecond Son, who gave 
 it in portion with Fiordilige his Daughter, Wife of Pietro Zabarella^ 
 then it came to the hands of the faid Antonia^ by whom with other 
 gifts twasleft to the Domo t and is that moft holy Image which in 
 
 their 
 
Part I, 
 
 P ADOV A. 
 
 vheir Proceflions they carry when they would obt<in m their grea- 
 tett neccllity the Divine Afiiftance by her Interceffion. In this Cha- 
 pel are other Epitaphs and Monuments, of the Noble Family of 
 Zabarella 3 w hofe Original is known to proceed from the moft Anti- 
 cnt Subutwi, of holoma 5 whofe Anceftors came from the cornelii, 
 sap/om of Rome •-, of whom were the moft glorious Scipio^ Linn* , 
 and Sylla Princes of Rome} with many other Heroes,btfides the ho- 
 ly Popes Ph, Cornelio, and S ilvejiro , and the Emperours Balbino , 
 (-alermnOj Gallieno t Tacit o } and Florian 3 Celfo 3 two Saturnini and Avito i 
 and many other Saints and eminent Perfons , in Bolonia 9 of that Fa- 
 mily were alfo the Saints, Hermete, Aggeo 3 & CaioMiTtyts i ilB.Sa- 
 yxtino A ojiolo diS. Francefco\ Sabatino Blfhop of Genoua i Ele&or of 
 Carlo C^/wEmperour, with many other grand Perfons who have 
 illuft rated and governed that City ; Alfo their houfe being fetled in 
 Padona by Calorio Sabbatino Count and Knight of Bolognia t hispofte- 
 rity were called sabarwi and sabarelliy irom whence arofe the fir. 
 name Zabarella y of which Family befides the Cardinals abovena- 
 med, there have been Cartel. Arch-Bifhop of Spal. and Florence^ 
 who dyed a defigned Cardinal 3 Paolo Bifhop Argolicenfe t and 
 Arch Bifhop Parienfe , Orlando and Lorenzo , who dyed with the 
 nameofBleifedBifhops, the fir ft of Adria 9 the fecond of Afcoli^ five 
 Arch- Priefts and feaven Canons of Padoua 3 many Doctors, moft fa- 
 mous Readers of the Univerfity in all Ages, famous Counts and 
 Knights, many valorous Captains, as, Andrea. General of the Polen- 
 tani 3 and Andrea the fecond , General of the Church, Giacot/rathe 
 firft made Count and Knight of the Dragon by Sigifntond the Empe- 
 ror,8c was by thePopcs]M>* the22d. Martin the 5th. and Ettgenius 
 the 4th. conftituted Governor of divers Cities, Senator of Rome, 
 and called by a Bull , Apoftolick Baron. 
 
 Bartol the fecond , Doctor, Knight, and Prsetor of divers Cities, 
 Prefect of Florence and Roman Senator, who as alfo Giacopo the fe- 
 cond Counfellor and Knight of the Golden Key were by Majfim. the 
 fecond Emperour created Counts, and Knights, to them and to the 
 eldeft Sons of their pofterity for ever } which was afterwards cont 
 firmed to G/"«/k> his Son by Ferdinand the fecond, Father of Giacopo 
 the third ZabarelU the Philofopher 5 of fuch grand Fame were thefe 
 perfons 5 and thefe great men were known to be of this Family be- 
 tides many others eminent both In Letters and Arms. 
 
 But having mentioned two Padouan Cardinals, it feems conveni- 
 ent tome to give fume account of the reftjfince they have adorned 
 this their Country with fuch a dignity. 
 
 simonePaltanico was the firft Padouan Cardinal , who being a per- 
 fonofgreatKnowlege,andthe higheft virtue, merited from Pope 
 Vrban the 4th. to be created Cardinal of S . steffano & Martina in 
 the yeer 1261 and afterwards Apoftolick Legate. Hedyedinthe 
 yeer 1 276. His Family is extinct in Padtna 3 but in honour zx.Vicen%a 
 under the Noble firname of Counts of Poiana. 
 
 Tileo de Pratt a was the fecond Padouan Cardinal, as is abovefaid, of 
 this Houfe are the Counts of Portia in Friuli . 
 
 Bonaventura Badoero of the Counts of Peraga , was a man of great 
 Wifdom and goodnefs, and being a Hermitan Monk, he read 
 Philofophy and Divinity in his Schools 5 who after the other de- 
 
 I 2 grees 
 
 V 
 
3* 
 
 The Hiaory oilTALT, Part I 
 
 grees afcended to the Generalfhip, and thence by Pope Vrban the 
 6th. in the yeer 1984. was created Cardinal of S. cicilia, andde- 
 ceafed five yeersafter. Of thisHoufeare the Badoeri , Noblemen 
 oiVenice, and the Tadoeri or radoua. 
 
 Bartolomco Oliario the Minikin, a famous Philofopher and Divine, 
 was by the Florentines elected for their Paftor . after which by Pope 
 Boniface the ninth he was called to the Cardinalfhip of S. Trudentia- 
 "am the yeer 1989. and deceafed7 yeersafter. 
 
 Francefco Zabarella, was the 5th. Tadouan Cardinal and Arch-Bi- 
 fhop of Florence&s before is related. 
 
 Lodavico Me&arota being a Philofopher and a Phyfician, deferred 
 that 1 i> proFtflion 3 and put himfelf under the command of Giovanni 
 Vitelli General for the holy Church 5 and behaving himfelf well 
 therein afcended from one degree unto another } till in the end (after 
 Vitelli his death) he was constituted his fucceflor, and Patriarkof 
 Aqniieid : wherein he made fuch progrefs as is not to be imagined^ 
 let itfufficethat he reftored the Church to its Liberty, and delive- 
 red the Florentines and Italy, for which his Noble deeds he was by 
 Pope Fugen.us the 4th made Cardinal of S.Lorenzo, then Bifhop of 
 Albany , and Chancellor of the holy Church, he dyed in the yeer 
 1 46 5 •• at this day is his Family extinft. 
 
 And befides thefe there were others of this City intended for 
 Cardinals, who being overtaken by death could not poffefs that dig- 
 nity,as GabrielCapodeliJia,AquenJian Arch-Bifhop was defigned Cardi- 
 nal by Pope clement the 5th , in 1 304. Bartol. Zabarella Arch-Bifhop 
 of Florence, having been Apoftolick Legate in Germany, France, and 
 Spain, for weighty affairs , with the happy fuccefs of his Labours, 
 and the great fatisfa&ion of Pope Eugenins the 4th. was by him de» 
 figned Cardinal, but upon his return, an indifpofition feifedhim 
 and deprived him of Life in Sutry, being but forty feaven yeers old, 
 in Anno noJir<efal»tis 1 44 5. Francefco LignamineoWittlop of Ferrara and 
 A poftolick Legate was by Pope £»|e»;«/ the 9th* defigned Cardi- 
 nal, but he was prevented by his death in the yeer 141 2. Antonio 
 Giannottia. famous Lawyer, Bifhop of Forli, and Arch-Bifhop of Vr- 
 £/»,wjs Vice Legate in France and Bologna,y/here he dyed at his65th. 
 yeer, being then by Pope Clement the 8th. defigned Cardinal Anno 
 
 1591. 
 
 In the Palace of the Bifhop thefe things are worth a fight, The 
 moff ample diocefs of Fadoua, drawn in a large fqua re by Marco 
 Cornaro Bifhop of r^a^ a Prelate worthy of eternal memory, and a 
 great Hall where to the lifefas is believed) are drawn the Pictures of 
 1 12 B fhops of this moft antient and Noble City. The Church of 
 Saint Antonio of Lis bone merits thefecond Place amongft Padoua's 
 fair Churches , as well for the defign and artificers for the pretiouf- 
 nefs of the Marbles and other Ornaments. The Roof of this 
 Temple is diffinguiihedinto fix marvellousChapels covered with 
 Lead. Firftmuft be feen the Royal Chapel of this Saint, adorned 
 with the fin eft Marbles, and 12 Noble Collumn?, in the nine fpa- 
 ces of which Columns between the one and tother, are engraven, 
 his Miracles by the moft rare Sculptors of that Age, fo well that it 
 renders the fpe&ators ftupified. In themidftof which Chapel ari- 
 fes the Altar of this Saint, and within it lies entered his body. Upon 
 
 this 
 
Parti. 
 
 P A D V A. 
 
 this altar lrand leaven Figures ot Brats of a jult proportion,wroughr. 
 by Tytian A 1 petti t the excellent fculptor of Padoud, Its Root is 
 adorned with the f i reft Frets and figures made of pargetting fluff 
 guilt richly, and its Pavement exactly compofed with Marble and 
 Porphyry and checkerwife. This Saint having lived 36 yeersdyed 
 the 13th of 'June 1 231 , and was canonized by Gregory the 9th. in the 
 (. ity o : , Spoleto , in theyeer 1237. On which day in Padotta they go 
 in procefuon carrying his Tongue in a little woodenBoul with great 
 folemnity and fuperftitionj which is accompanyed with all the Fry- 
 ers oi Saint Francis , that is to fay, by the Conventuals Capucines 3 
 and thofe that go uppon woodden Pattens called Zoccolani 9 
 and with all the Doctors of the Colleges, as well of the Laws, and 
 Phyfkkjas thofe of Divinity and Philofophy} wherewith they alto 
 carry all the VefTels of Silver and other pretious things beffowed 
 upon this the.ir Saint, as alfo an infinite number of their holy Re- 
 lique- pjeferved in curious VefTels: Among wh'ch are the Figures 
 ot ten Saints of pure Silver, 16 rich Chalices, 50 VefTels, 3 whereof 
 are contayn their Euchanft,many Silver Candlefticks,Lampades, 
 Ccnfores, and 5oSylver Voaries or pieces dedicated by the vowes 
 of fe veral perfons, which are as big as a fmall Child. Likewife a Shipp 
 furnifhed with Mafts , Saylsand Shrouds , together with a model of 
 the City of Padma both being neatly caft in Silver. InafayrRe- 
 liquiary they prcferve the Tongue of the glorious Saint Anthonio and 
 in another his under Chap. In others all of Silver guilt framed with 
 moftexaft workemanfhipp, they keep a cloth dipped in the preti- 
 ous blood (as they fay) of our Saviour Jefus- Chriftj three thornes of 
 hi > Crown } fome of the wood of his Crofs 5 of the hairs and milk 
 of the blefied Virgin 5 fome of the Blood iffuingout of thefive 
 wounds given Saint Francejco? and many of the Bonesand other rare 
 reliques of infinite of their Saints, as maybe feen in the Treatife 
 published by Count Oiacomo Zabarella Prafident and Treafurer of the 
 Venerable Tombe of the glorious Saint Antonio: Who (befides the 
 revenue of the Convent wherewith the Fathers are mainteined} 
 poffefleth a great Revenue, together with much Silver and other 
 pretious hcufehouldftuff, all beftowed upon that Saint by Princes, 
 and private Perfons^ wh'ch Wealth is governed by feaven Prefi- 
 dents, vulgarly called the Signori all'Archa t di San Antonio $ three 
 Eccltfiafticks and 4 Seculars, with a Cafheer , who receives the Re- 
 venues, and pays the Muficians and other disburfements, which 
 Officers are elecred every yeer, and every Six Moneths two of them 
 charge. In the Convent is a fayr publick Library, much amplified 
 by the reverend Father FrancejcoZanotti, an eminent Perfon of Pa- 
 dona, who alwaies governed his Convent with great prudence as 
 Guardian 9 and his Religious Order whereof he was Provincial: where- 
 to the nsoft reverend Father Michael Angelo Maniere Guardian and 
 Provincial a!fo h-th added his Induftry with great fuccefsande- 
 videnceofhisPrudencej Virtue and (Soodnefs, both whofe good 
 AcYionsh.^ve given a great Splendour to the Fame of this moftNo 
 bleConvent. Near to this faid Library is another Room wherein 
 are kt pt the rarecollecVion-sof Count Giacettto Z.ibar, llagiven to the 
 faid Saint} which con/lfrs of many excellent Books and Manufcripts, 
 and all the Hiftories(inbeing)of Padoua 9 Venice and other Cities 
 
 K which 
 
 ?<* 
 
i+ 
 
 The Hiftory of UAL T, Pan J. 
 
 are to be found, alfo 
 and other notable Antiquities 
 
 of Medals , 
 the 
 
 with 
 
 which no where elfe 
 
 Marbles, brafs Pieces 
 
 Golden Key, and all his workes,all which being before fully related, 
 
 arehereabbreviated to avoid Prolixity. 
 
 Oppofite to the Altar of Saint Antoniohthe Chapel of Saint Fe- 
 lix the Pope of like grandezza : where alfo rcpofe his Eones 3 round 
 about which are hung Pictures excellently wrought by Givtto i vvher- 
 of£>d»/e, Boccacio and other writers take particular notice : In it are 
 the Tombes of the Signori RoJJi and Lupj Marque ff s of Soragna 3 and 
 next the Chapel of Saint Antonio^ with which it maintains like 
 Grandure and Fame, it is the moil eminent of all 3 the greater Altar 
 whereof is richly carved in Marble, and hath on the right fidea 
 Candleftick of a very great height h, end wrought with many Fi- 
 gures, & over againft it an artificial Chorus adorned wish lovely Fi- 
 gures carved in wood : In this Church likewife are the Serulchers 
 of Fulgofto of Jllarin i zn6.AJcanioZabarella i thefirft famous in Let- 
 ters, thefecond in Arms 3 which are erected in the Chapel of Saint 
 Catherine appertaining to their Family 5 in another Tonube 
 lies buried AndreaZabarella with Montifia Polenta his Wife, Daugh- 
 ter of Bernardino Signor of Ravenna , with many other-eminent per- 
 fons, which would take up too much room and time tofpecifie. 
 Before the faid Church (lands a noble Statue of Brafs caft by Donate 
 Fiorentino i and prefented to the State of Venice t in memory of the 
 Valour of Gattantelata da Narni, who was Captain General of their 
 Armies: whofe effigies is there erected on Horfeback, andwhofe 
 body with that of his Sons ly buried in the Chapel of Saint Francis 
 with twofayr Epitaphs infer ibed over them. 
 
 The third ecclefiaftick excellency of radotta t is the fumptuous 
 and ample Church of Saint Jujiina, where are kept with great de» 
 votionthe bodies of Saint Luke the Evangelift3 Saint Matthias the 
 Apoftle, of the Innocents, cf Saint (rofdocimohtft. Bifhop of this 
 City and Province, of SantaGiuftina the Virgin Martyr, ofGiulian 
 of MaJJimo fecond Bifhop of Tadoua i of 1)rio the ConfefTor , olFeli- 
 cita the Virgin, Arnaldo the Abbot 3 together with an infininte 
 number of Reliques, which they preferved ina moll Antient Geme* 
 tery called in thofe days thePit of Martyrs:there alfo fbnds a fpeck- 
 Ied ftone, upon which certain Martyrs were beheaded , another 
 ftone whereon Sen Trofdocimo celebrated divine fervice: Herein 
 likewife they conferve the Tablet of the bleiTed Virgin payntedby 
 Saint Luke , and with great devotion brought from Conjtantinople by 
 the bleiTed Vrio. Its Chorus which compalTeth the high Altar round, 
 is made all of Walnut Tree, and upon it engraven by Richardo Fran* 
 cefio the Hiftory of the Old and New Teftament.lt hath much Silver 
 Utenfils and pretious vefts3 to fay no more, this Chapel for its ftru- 
 cture and beauty, is an incomparable piece 3 And not a little illu- 
 ftrated by that proud aod wealthy Monaftery of Saint Jujiine now 
 contiguous with it, which for its fumptuoufnefs, Grandure, and 
 Kiches, may be reckoned one of the Faireft of Italy. On the Walls 
 of the Cloyfters amongft the Legend ftories defigned, they have in- 
 ferted hundreds of old inferiptions, with the draughts of old ftones 
 and pieces of Urns dug up when the foundation of the Convent 
 was nrft Layed. It hath for revenue iocooo. Crowns yeerly. It 
 keeps 
 
Parti, 
 
 F A D OV A< 
 
 keeps an Abbot with many Fryers of Saint Benedict ;, And" here be" 
 gan the Reformation of that Order, about two hundred yetrs iince- 
 
 The fourth fignal, is the Church of Saint Augufimo^ithtz Fathers 
 Dominicans : which was fiifr. a Ttinple of 'j»Ko t wheieia the 
 Antient Tadouans dedicated the fpois'of cfeonimitfth^ sparteine as 
 faith T. Livie. Thence it became the particular Ghapel of the Car. 
 rarejf , who there fixed the Sepulchers for their Family. Where al- 
 fo are the Monuments of AUrieta, Mother or James Krng of Ciprus, 
 and F. Carlota his Daughter, with many Memorials of other Grand 
 Perfons , as well of this City as Strangers } and in particular of 
 pietro da Abano t near the great Door. It hath a Stately Convent with 
 a fayr Library, where are the Pictures of the chief Fathers of that 
 Order. 
 
 The fifth Marvel is the Church of the Carmelitcsfomom for its vaft 
 height, and grandure,with one only Arch, andamoft high Cupuloj 
 Its Chapels are all of one refcmblance, and in great perfection .• 
 Herein they keep an Image of the blefled Virgin, who, as they fay, 
 fhowrs down her continued favours upon thofe that devoutly by 
 her interceffion pray for them to God Almighty. In this Church are 
 certain Monuments of the Naldi, Famous Captains 3 and many o- 
 ther Noble Families of Padoua. 
 
 The Sixth Eccleiiaftick wonder , is the Church of Etemitani^ 
 wherein lies buried Marco Manloua, the famous Doctor of Lawes . 
 Here are the Chapels of the Cortellieri^ painted by Giujio an antient 
 Lymner, and of the Zabarella^ by the hand of Montegna, 
 
 The feventh is the Church of Saint Francefco, wherein are the 
 Tombcs of Bartolomeo Cavalcante, "jeronimo Cagnolo an excellent 
 Doftor,and oiLongolio whereon Bembo compofed the enfuing Verfes. 
 Te Juvenem rapuere De£fata!ia nentes 
 Stamina jumfcirent moritnrum tempore nulla 
 Longolio , tibifi canos ^feniumque dedifsent. 
 In the Church de'Servi, is enterred Paolo dc Caftro'-, and near the 
 Church of San Lorenzo ftands a pure Marble Cheft,erefted upon four 
 Columns which is concluded to be the Noble Heroe Antenorr 
 Tombe, from this Epitaph engraven upon it in old Characters- 
 Inclitus Antenor patriam vox nifa quiet cm 
 Tranjiulit hue Henetum , Dardamdumqnefugas^ 
 Expulit Euganeos^ Patavinam condidit 1)rbem. 
 g)u em tenet hie humili mar more e<efa domus. 
 In the Church of the\CapHdnes i lyes buried Cardinal Commencbne. 
 
 The Chief Families of Padoua, and Cavaliers are Alvorati, Mar- 
 quefs ofFal'citto, a City of the County of BolzonclL', Lazara Count 
 oiPaludoi, Leoni Count of Sanguineto ••> Obizzi Marquefs of Orgtano--, 
 Zabarella Count of Credazza, Buzzacarini€apidilijia i Conti s Datti 3 
 Papafava, S. Bonifacii, and befides thofe aforenamed , thefe follow- 
 ing, wz.. Afeanio Pediano the Oratom'-, Aruntio Stella, VaUerio Flacco--, 
 Volufto Poeta; Jacomo Zabarella a moft worthy Philofopher^ with 
 many others both valiant and Learned who have much added to the 
 renown of this City. 
 
 Between the Church del<S^«toand that of San Giufiina, lies rhe 
 Phyfick Garden filled with fimples , and planted iu the yeer 154-6. 
 at the coft of the Students in Phyfick and Philofophy, to the end 
 
 K 2 they 
 
 V 
 
35 
 
 TheHiftory oilTALT, Part I 
 
 Edmond Wal- 
 ler Efpuire. 
 
 Polvertr*. 
 
 Adria. 
 
 Euganei. 
 
 they might the more commodioufly fearch into the nature & vertue 
 of every Medicinal Herb : The chief care and cuftody of this Gar- 
 den , is alwayes committed to fome excellent Dottor in Phyfick, 
 who Reads to the Students, the names and nature of every Simple} 
 in the latter times Melcbior Guillandino, Giacomo Antonio Cortufo, and 
 Profpero Alpino, three excelling Perions underwent this charge, 
 butatprefent tis in the hands of the learned Giovanni Veflinghio, or 
 Wefilingius, a Knight and Anatomy Reader in the tlniverfity. ] 
 A man allowed fo great an efteem for his excellent knowlege, 
 that he was become the Admiration of this Age, when I was in 
 In honour of Italy, whome a woithy and Noble Perfon of our 
 Nation , being cafually at Padoua, at the proceeding G f certain 
 Engliih, to the Degrees of Doctors , and having been an Auditor at 
 fome of his Lectures, compofed thefe enfuing Verfes upon the Ana- 
 tomy. 
 
 Ie4r«^Weftlingius, had we but the Art, 
 To tell the Treafures of the nobler part) 
 And could the Soul's high powers defcribe as veil , 
 Asyou t the Talace where that Queen docs dwell j 
 In her Anatomy my Mufe might finde, 
 Traifes proportion d to your knowing minde , 
 To whofe great art and indujiry we owe 
 That all the wonders of our Frame we know : 
 For not the inventory , we alone 
 Of every Nerve, Vein t Artery , and Bone t 
 Receivefrom thence, but are infiru&ed too 
 What the wife Maker has defigrid them to : 
 The great importance of the Jlendrefi firing, 
 And uje of every (feeming ufelefs) thing : 
 As ifourfirfi Creator you hadfeen, 
 Or hadofCounfel with Prometheus been, 
 That all the Plagues which his rafh Brother threw 
 On wretched Man , might have their Cure from you. 
 
 Ten miles out of Padoua, towards the Port of the Malomocco, 
 ftands the Caftle Pieve de Sacco, from which theBifhop of Padoua 
 takes his Title of Count, a little beyond that,ftands Polverara where 
 are bred the largeft foul,as Gocks and Hens, of all Italy. Near which 
 begins, the Sholcsor Gulphof Venice, between which appears the 
 moftantientnow deferted Citty of Adria which formerly gave the 
 name of Mare Adriaticum , to the Sea now called the Golph of 
 I'enic e. 
 
 Towards the North ftands the Caftle di Campo San Pier* , whence 
 that Noble Family took its name and Original. Between Padoua 
 and Bajfanoh built a Cittadel. 
 
 Towards the Weft is the City Ficenza$ with the famous Moun- 
 tains Euganei, fo called in the Greek tongue, for their exceflivede- 
 licioufnefs, whence the P adouans extraS: great quantities of Medi- 
 cinal herbs. Which Hils are neither part of the Alps, nor part of 
 the Apenines, a thing fcarce credible: than which Confiantiue Paleo. 
 logo faid ( as Rodegino reports) that befides the Terreftial Paradice 
 
 twas 
 
Parti 
 
 P A D OF A 
 
 twas not poffible the World could afford a place more full of de- 
 lights. At five miles dilfance from Padoua i are extant the Baths of 
 Albano, where is to be admir'd the different kinds of Waters.- how 
 out of a vaft high cavernous Hock arifes two fources of Water not 
 above 2 foot one from the other , of a perfect different nature* the 
 onewhereofencrufts& converts into a hard white ftone, notonly 
 the Banks by which it runs, but what ever els is caft into it.in crea- 
 ting the faidc rufhnent of what is thrown io,according to the time 
 tis left in it, and that which is more,it begets Stone of the fame na- 
 ture upon the wheel of a Mill which is turned by itsftream, which 
 everyMoneth enforces the workemen to beat it offwith Pickaxes that 
 their Mill may not behindred; the Water hereof is never drunk 
 by any creature, being held very hurtfull; but the other Water 
 runs upon a light Sand , is much more light in weight than the flrft, 
 and is divers times drank for fundty healthfull operati6s:the people 
 have dug the Earth in parts round the faid Hill, and have found 
 Sulphure,about the middle part 5 and at the root of them having 
 dug towards the Eaji and South parts they have found Salt. Abano 
 at this day is nothing fo much inhabited as we ought to believe it 
 was heretoforejby reafon that upon any digging they often find un- 
 derground, many Heliques of Antiquity 5 fome alfo will have it 
 that here they fpun the fineft Linnen Cloth. On the other fide of 
 Abano ftandsthefumptuous and rich Monaftery of Praia, with the 
 black Monks of Saint benectiS : and near it the Church of Sant* Ma- 
 ria di Monte Or tone. Approaching w hereunto is the Convent of the 
 Fryars Ermitans of Saint AngHJiine 9 called Scalci, or without Shoos 
 in which are fources of boyling water, and mud,excellent for pains 
 and fhrunk finews : though the difficulty with which they are 
 come at, renders them of lefs common ufe than they would be, for 
 they are a vaft way in the Earth , and in fmall quantities too .* but 
 they are of a white colour , and (tiff as well wrought clay $ not 
 black and dirty as thofe which are commonly gotten out of the 
 adjacent Montagnone. They pafs from Padoua to Ejie upon the lli» 
 ver, and upon the way efpy the noble Caftle of Monfelice fenviio 
 ned with moil pleafant Hills) alfo the foundations of a ruinated 
 fortrefs, where they gather infinite numbers of Vipers, for the 
 compofing of that fo much famed Venice Treacle: On the left fide 
 whereof is the Hill Arquato Contr ada 9 much fpokenof in memory of 
 Franc Petrarca> whofe habitation being long there, at length he 
 gave up the Ghoft, and was there honourably interred in a fepul- 
 chre of Marble, with this Epitaph cnfcribed, which him felf made, 
 as fbllowes. 
 
 Frigida Francifci, lapis hic t tegt oJfaPetrarc£ t 
 Sufcipevirgo Parent amntam y jate Virgneparce i 
 Fejfaquejam ten it t wli reqniefcat in Arce. 
 
 At this day alfo may be feen there his Houfe, his Chair, and little 
 Garden 
 
 Two miles distant from Arqnato upon a little Hill, is cataio 9 
 a large Town of the Signors O'oici : thence they come to Battaglia a 
 ParKh near the RJver, leaven miles after which one arrives at Ejie a 
 noble Caftle and ancient: whence that Illuftrious Family of Ejie 
 
 L drew 
 
 3? 
 
 ittnjelkt 
 
 Efti 
 
3» 
 
 Lendinraa, 
 
 Rovtg*. 
 
 The Hiftory of IT ALT, Part I 
 
 drew their Original. WhofePalaceis transformed into a Monaftery; 
 by the Dominican Fryers. From this Country they extradt(befidesl 
 abundance ot all other things for fuftenance) excellent Wines. It! 
 contains 100000 Souls>and the publick have 1 8000 Crowns of yeer*> 
 ly income. There they afcend the Mountain of Vende 3 where isi 
 a Monaftery of the Fryers o£ Mount Olivetoj\irte miles whence ftands; 
 another Mountain , where is the rich Abbacy and Monaftery of the] 
 Fryers of Camaldol. Tenn miles beyond Ejie is feated the noble Ca- 
 ftle of Montagnana nothing inferiour to that oiEfie neither in Riches 
 nor Civility, where they much trade in Hemp. Eight miles far- 
 thei is Lendinara^z very ftrongCaftle &Town wafhed with the River 
 Adice: but the Ayr is a little grofs in the Winter time, itcontayns 
 4000 Souls. Near which is the Caftle s anguienedo 3 in the Con- 
 fines between the Venetians , and the Duke of Mantotta: where there 
 is a fayr even way for eighteen miles length. Ifuing out of the gate 
 of Padoua called S. Croce, which leads ro Ferrara, firft you meet 
 Confclve heretofore a Caftle of the Signori Lazara, where ftands the 
 moft delitious palace of the Count Nicholas of Lazara s a magna- 
 nimous and generous Knight, wherein Henry the third, King of 
 France and Poland quartered : near it lies the Count Paludo , whence 
 the faid Signor derives his Lordfhip:tis a Country Noble and Fertile, 
 is a Convent of the Fathers Hermitans founded by Giovanni de La' 
 Zdra, Knight of S. Giacomo 9 and Lieutenant General of the Vene- 
 tian Cavalrie in the yeer 1 574. After which is met Anguillar ^where- 
 by the Adice paileth. Farther on they go to Rovigo , made a City 
 by the Prince or Duke of Venice feated, 2 5 miles from Padoua and 1 8 
 from Ferara'j It was built out of the Ruines of Adria, whence tis 
 not allocated above a milej tis bathed by an Arm of the Adice } where 
 areereded noble dwellings , environed with a deep Ditch or Fofle, 
 which in circuit are about a mile ■> its Country is moft Fef tile, be. 
 ing compaffed about with the 4 Rivers , The Poe t the Adicc t the 
 Tartaro , the eafiagnaro. And fo it borrowes the name of i'olejine 
 (which fignifies Peninfnla, almoft an Ifland. from its length, and 
 the circumvolution of thole Rivers. Many Illuftrious Perfons have 
 added to the Glory of this their Countrey,as the Cardinal Roverella, 
 Bmjoneo the Poet, Celio } the Riccobuoni, and Gio lomafo Minadoiz 
 moft learned Phyfician, who wrote the Perf 'an Rijiory , with other 
 famous men. It hath a Church dedicated to Saint Bellino, heretofore 
 Bifhop ofPadoHo^ the Priefts whereof with miraculous fuccefs reftore 
 to health fuch as arebitbymadDogs,whomtheyasfuddainlycure 
 as indubitably,with a certain exorcifm,which if malignity proceeded 
 in a natural courfe of Phyfick, would not only require the beft skill 
 but length of time . Whofoever reads the 36th Ch. of the 6th. 
 Book of Diofc. and thofe other Traftates writ on that infirmity, 
 may comprehend how great this miracle is . Mathioliva the cited fol. 
 of Diofc owned the fuccefs, and willing to deduce it from fome na- 
 tural caufe, faith, thatpoflibly thefe Priefts might intermix fome 
 medicinal herb or fecret with that bread which they are wont to 
 blefs for Dog- bitten Mad Perfons: but this may eafily beanfwc 
 red, For this Church is governed by two poor Priefts who many 
 times defert it 5 nor are they of a felefted condition '-, and twere 
 ftrange if fince the time of Saint Bellino to this day none fhould arrive 
 ) ther e 
 
Part I. 
 
 V I CENZ A. 
 
 therebut he muft bring that medicinal fecretwith hioi, Secondly they 
 give but one little morcel of that blefled bread to a perfon, and it 
 can fearce be imagined enough of the medicine (hould beconteyned 
 b fo fmalia parcel of Bread, for fo wonderfully a dangerous dU 
 feafe. Thirdly the Nuns of Saint retrain Padoua 3 haveanantiem 
 Key which was SanLellinoet i which Key heated , and its fign made 
 on the head of the mad Dogg, he never after that is troubled with 
 the leaft fign of madnefs : Which being.tis necefTarily conluded,and 
 thePhyficians muft per force confefs, that tis a pure Miracle wrought 
 by God at the interceffion of San Bellwo, who by theinftigation of 
 certain evil People, was torn in pieces by Doggs , and his glorious 
 Corps layed up in the faid Church of Polefene, 
 
 Defiring to go to Ferrari , Firft they take the way Rofati. till they 
 arrive at the foe, which palling by Bark_ s they reich Francoltno % a 
 County fome five miles from Ferrara. 
 
 vicenZa, 
 
 X 7 IcetfLA is now feated in the Marcairivigidm 3 or the Martjuu 
 V fateoiTrever, It was buikfacjording to Liwe,]»Jiittc 3 and Paulo 
 Diacono ) by the Galli Senoni , who fell down into Italy in the Reign 
 of Tarquwius Prifcus , in Rome, giving the name of Gallia cifalpittd, 
 to that part poflef fed by them.* But Strabo, p liny , and Polybitts will 
 have it to be founded by the Amient Tufcans } and that it was one of 
 the twelve Cities under their dominion, on this fideof the Apenines $ 
 and that it was much encreo fed and amplified by the Galli Settones. 
 When afterwards the Cities thereabouts performed good fervice 
 forOmnipotentKtfiwe, at the defcent of other French men, in the 
 yeer 366. into Italy, and at their Afiayling of Rome, Vicenza being 
 one of them, in recom pence of their affiftance fo oportunely con- 
 tributed, was created Municipal ,a Free City: whence exercifing 
 their own Laws and Statutes they participated of the honours and 
 dignities of R ome 3 and thence tis we find fo many of its Citizens 
 iu the Magiftracy of that grand Republick, among others, Anhtt 
 Cecinna 3 the Gonful, was General of the Army ot Vitellms the Em. 
 perour, In whofe honour (becaufe he fo much furpafled the fame of 
 an ordinary Citizen) It will not be impertinent to place here this 
 following antient inscription. 
 
 A. Ctecinn<eFelicis } Vitelianiexercitjmp. 
 Ob Virtutem s & munus Gladiatorum apndfi 
 exhibitum Cremona. 
 
 To it was allotted alfo the Title of Republick and City , as is to 
 be feen in many antient Marble Stones up and down the Countrey , 
 and twas affigned to the Tribe Mcnema. It was under the protedrL 
 on of Brutus and Cicero 3 as appears in his familiar Epillles, and in this 
 antient inferibed memorial: 
 
 D. Bruto y & M. Tullio Viris in Senate 
 contra I ernas optime de fe meritii ViceHt. 
 All the time the Roman Empire continued in its Grandezza , it 
 
 L 2 ever 
 
4.0 
 
 Fercdco 
 
 The Hjflory ollTAL T 9 Pare I. 
 
 evt r followed the viclorious Eagle , which decaying, thisalfofuf 
 fered much Calamity, and undeiwtnt tho.'e mutations r which it 
 and all the Cities ot Italy groaned under with miferable example: 
 Notatall, neverthelefs, declining from itsantient Vigour and Re- 
 putation : Whence it was that the Longobardi held it very confide- 
 rable,and affigned to it, Its own paitxular Dukes and Counts, 
 Thofe Governours calling thtmfelves by that Title, for that they 
 continued for life, and to their Heirs rnafculines after them : Ot one 
 of whom Paolo Diacono makes a noble record in the life of Leon the 
 Emperor , which was Teredeo Duke or Vicenza, who marched to 
 Ravettfta in alliftance to the Pope, and there dyed fightng valiantly 
 for his Holinefs. 
 
 This City was by Dejiderio the laft King of the Longobardi felt&ed 
 amongft all his, to place fecurely his Son ^ldigcrio s \ihen himfclf was 
 befiged in Pavia, by Charles the greats but it avoided not its total 
 deftru&ion. 
 
 The Reliques of itsantient Theatre, which at this day demon- 
 ftrate themfelves in the Gardens of the Signori rigafetta, and Cnal- 
 di ("wherein both the Kings of the Longobardi and thofe of/ ranee 
 often fate to behold the publick (he wes and Games) And the frag- 
 ments of the hot Bathes, with the Pilafters for the Aquedutt?, give 
 fufficient teftimony that it had no defect of whatsoever, either for 
 Ornament or magnificence,other famous Cities ufe to enjoy. And 
 at that time when Lotarius the Emperor endeavoured in#f/»e,in the 
 yeer 825, to reform the occafion of the Fe-ndes 9 znd to that end con- 
 vocated the principal Lawyers of the primary Cities of Italy, He alfo 
 invited the r/Ye«f me Councilors with an honourable teftimony of 
 what efteem he had for the City Vicentta. 
 
 Furthermore when Ottone King of Cermame 'the Bcrengarii being 
 overcome and difcomfited) was by the Pope crowned Emperor, he 
 remifed the Italian Cities in Liberty, granting unto them Power to 
 elect their Todefil or chief Governour,and to enjoy their own Laws, 
 among the reft Vicetiza participated of that fo great a gift: Whence 
 forming zCarroao or Chariot which was the Badge of a free City, 
 and acknowleging the Empire with the ordinary Tribute, it lived 
 in the form of artepublick, ^although much perplexed with the 
 moft cruel factions of its own Citizens) until the yeer 1 145. When 
 Federico Earbarrojja having gathered the utmoft of his Power, forced 
 all the Cities 01 Italy into fervitude, and deftroyingA///<t#, in the 
 reft conftituted a German Podefta 
 
 I'icenz a endured not long this Tyranny 5 but united with Padoua 
 and Verona, they fhoke ofTthe yoke , and lent the fit ft Embafiadors 
 to the Milanejt to offer them afliftance, and to perfwade them to 
 do the like j and fo they concluded the famous League of the Cities j 
 of Lombardy , by which Colleagues E ar bar ojja (being overcome be- 
 tween Como and Milan ) was driven to the other fide of the Alpes. 
 Which victory the peace of Cojianza followed , to the conclusion 
 whereof came alfo the Orators of Victnza, where they meliora- 
 ted enough their Cities Condition , and the (rate of their Liberty, 
 chiefly for that Henry the Son and fuccefJor of Federir\ con firmed 
 the abovenanr ed Peace with all the conditions conceded by his Fa- 
 ther: All the Embafiadors of the Colleagued Cities randezvoufing 
 
 at 
 
Parti. 
 
 V I C ENZ A. 
 
 &i 
 
 at piacenfe , to that purpofe , where alfo.was the Emperor; and W~ 
 cbaelCapr a. a Vicentine was coiniffionated thither for the City of Bo. 
 lognia. . 
 
 Inthofe dayes theRepublicks Library flourilhed in this City with 
 infinite cocourfe of Forein Narions,abounding with the mod worthy 
 Profeffors in all the fciences and Arts, which it appears continued 
 totheyter 1228. In which yeer Feder/c^the fecond being exalted to 
 the Empire , anextream Enemy tothcPopeandGitiesof Italy, af- 
 ter many ruines whchhe brought on others,tn theyeer 1236 burnt 
 and deftroyed Vicenza^ exercifing his greateft cruelty againft the 
 moft potent Citizens, which reduced it with great eafe under the 
 wicked Tyrant Ecceltino, continuing fo until his death, when 
 waving and debilitated, it by degrees crawled up the fteps of its 
 Antient Liberty; yet not fo ftrcng!y,but that after 46 yeers it un- 
 derwent, by the Citizens neglect , the Signory of the Scaligeri, who 
 there governed under the fhadow and name of an Einpirerand 
 that title not improperly taken,for xhat&w Grande at that time their 
 head, was a moft valiant and potent Lord. 
 
 Vicenza was well treated under their government, and many 
 publick Edifices reftored,but the wheele of Fortune running round, 
 and the Line of thofeLawfullSignors extinct, Antonio the. laftof 
 them and illegitimate, was firft deprived of Verona^ then of Vi- 
 cenza, by Gip Galleazze firft Vifcount of Milan , by whom it was 
 held very dear, and fo much honoured for its fidelity, that he made 
 it the Chamber of his Empire. 
 
 He dead Catarinahis Wife diftrufting her own ability to maintain 
 fo great Dominions , by her Letters full of Courtefy, 2biolving 
 their Oath of fidelity , gave the Vicentines ample Liberty to elect 
 theirown Government, who after divers confutations and many 
 folicitations to colleague themfelves with the Sveitzers t and to be- 
 come one of their Cantons, having at large fupervifed the great 
 calamities of the palled times, and fearing future miferies. At 
 length the Advice of Henrico Capr 'a ( a wife and efteemed Cinzen of 
 great Intereft both for his many adherents and richesj prevailed to 
 furrender themfelves of their own free accords to the RepuMick 
 of Venice^ whofe pleafing Goverment was then become famous 
 through the whole world. Who accepting with all Gratitude this 
 their free offer, confirmed unto them all fuch Jurisdictions, Sta- 
 tutes, &Prerogatives,as they knew how to demand 5 and in particu- 
 lar the Confularfhip the moft Antient Magiftracy of this City, and 
 received it into protection , ftyling it the flrft Born and moft f ath- 
 full City , under whofe Signory it hath ever fince continued 9 dayly 
 encreafing both their Wealth, and conveniences. 
 
 Yet notwithftanding, at the Inroad of Gieradada, the State of 
 Fc»/Ve,(though unwillingly) gave way to the Signory of the whole 
 firm Land 4 by which means Vicenza fell into the hands ofcMajfimi- 
 nian the Emperor, who fent thither Leonardo Trijfino, to receive 
 j poffeffion thereof, as Vicar of the Empire, which he performed 
 there, as alfo in Tadoua: Who with Vicentia, through the great af- 
 feftion they bore the Republick of Venice , and the lingular Pru- 
 dence of the Venetian Senate within fome few yeers after eafily re- 
 turned to their former Obedience under it. 
 
 M This 
 
 
+i 
 
 The Hiflory oilTALT, Parc_l. 
 
 ThisCity is four milejin circuit,in form likethe figure of aScorpion 5 
 & although informer times it had the Reputation of ftrong,froui the 
 double Walls whi<?h invironed it, yettis neither fortified nor ca- 
 pable of Fortification." it being fituated atthebottomeof aHill 
 that comands the Town$however( voluntarily living likethe An- 
 tient Spartans') the Citizens prolefs that the Walls of their Breads 
 fuffice to maintain even to the death their Fidelity to their natural 
 Prince, which preferves it with fafety. It is walhed by two Ri- 
 vers Bacchileone (by fome Latines called a 1 fo Meduaco Minorey and 
 Rerone Ereteno before mentioned , together with two other fmall 
 Brooks, AjticheUo and Striola, which ferve them with many conve- 
 niences. All which united at a fmall diffance from the City, forma 
 Navigable River as well upwards as downwards, capable of Veflels 
 ot a huge burthen, who paffing by Padvus reach Venice, and give 
 thebeft occafion and reafon for the riches of that Countrey< 
 
 They account that it with the Burroughs conteyn 40000. Souls, 
 being replenifht with Proud and Stately Palaces, Noble Temples 
 and publick Structures built after the modern Architecture : the 
 Hall of Juftice (wherein the Judges affemble to do Julficeiforits 
 Antient and modern Structure maybe compared with any in Italy: 
 Upon the higheft Tower raifed to a Wonder (which joynstoitjis 
 placed the horologe which ferves all the City within, and a mile out 
 of it, mofrcomodioufly. 
 
 The Piazza molt capacious for all their Juftings and Turnaraents, 
 (where morn & even reder themfel ves theNobility)is no Iefs adorn- 
 ed witbOpenGalleries 8c the Fort of the faidPalace,than with a fayr 
 habitation , for the Seignor Capitano and the Fabrick of that mount 
 Piety, which is fo rich that they lend fuch fums as the poor Citizens 
 require without any Ufurie. Befides this (which is called Piazza 
 Maggiorey there are five other Piazzaes for thepublick markets, of 
 Poultry,Grain, Wine, Wood, Hay, Fifh, Fruits, and Herbs. And 
 as the Splendidnefs of the Vicentians Spirits is apparent in profane 
 things, fodoes their Piety and magnificenfe, no lefs fhineinand 
 towards the Divine worlhip.- For which they number in the City 
 50. Churches accounted Stately, and beautified with antient and 
 modern Pictures, whereof 14. are Parochials, 17, of fryers, and 12. 
 of Nuns, all well furnifhed with receptacles and other neceffaries 
 for fubfiftence: Among which the Mendicants or begging Fryers, by 
 the Charity of the Citizens, have no mean Reliefs. In the Country 
 are alio 3. other Monafreries of Nunns, and above 20 of Fryers, 
 befides Parochials, which are very ample in the Villages. 
 
 They are well ffored with Hofpitals tor the poor of all conditi- 
 ons , having nine, befides the Confraternities and other retreats of 
 Godly petfons who wait on works of Charity. In the Cathedral 
 (fignal for the good Bifhoprick of 1 2000 Duckats yeerly Revenue) 
 befides other Reliqnes they keep the bodies of the Martyrs Carpofo- 
 ro and L eoncio Vicentines. And in the Church of Santa Coronaot tfce I 
 Dominican Fryers one of the thorns of the Crown of the Saviour of I 
 the World} given intheyeer 1260. by Lodovico or Lewis the Saint ' 
 King of Franee, to Bartolomeo Breganze&tfoea and Bifhop ofVicenz* 
 It received the Light of the Faith of Chrift by the teaching of Saint I 
 Prof docimo fail Bifhop of Padcua, Saint Pad yet living. 
 
 Near' 
 
Parti, 
 
 V ICE N Z A. 
 
 Near the Donto ftarids I'Oratoria de Madonna, or the Oratory of our 
 Lady, raifed by thofe of that confraternity, in imitation of 
 that of Rome, which poffibly in magnificence and beauty it fur- 
 pafieth. 
 
 Its State under the Venetian Dominion is fuch, as certainly no Ci- 
 ty under their power hath greater privileges. The Conjul the moft 
 antient Jurifdi&ion of this City judging all Criminal Offences, and 
 its own Citizens all other civil Caufes: For which end the Council 
 chufcth a round of four Doctors and 8 Laicks, which change by fours 
 every month. Thefe form the procefs for Manflaughter, in their 
 City and Territory, and being fummoned to meet Morning and 
 Evening, in the Congregation, the Antienteftof the DoftorsafTu 
 mingand ftating briefly the Cafe, firft gives his Judgement, after 
 whooiall thereit, from one to theother, and lair of all the I'odcfia 
 who hath but one voyce, pronounce theirs, and the fentence paileth 
 by the Major part of Opinions, whence there is no appeal: And 
 their Juftice hath been fo dulyadminiitred , that hitherto the fu- 
 preme Prince never violated nor revoked their judgement. The 
 laid 4. Do&ors have alfo their feat or Juftice for Civil Caufes, whence 
 there is an appeal to one Judge (who is therefore ftiled the Judge 
 for Appeals)who muft be of the fame College, or to the Podefia or 
 his AlTeflbrs, fo that tisin the will ot every perfon to determine 
 his Caufc before the proper Judges of Vkcntia. 
 
 The Deputies who reprefent the Cicy confult and order thofe 
 things which appertain to its honour and the publick good,and have 
 abfolute power in all their Cities Provifions : who chufe four of the 
 chief Nobility , called the Cavalieri di Communj who with their 
 Officers overfee the Weights and Meafures, and that all the orders 
 made for the benefit of the People be duly executed , and in cafe of 
 any defeft report it to the Deputies; Thefe Magiftrates are every 
 yeer created by the council of the 1 50 Citizens, andalfoare chofen 
 every yeer, whereby to give occalion to every one to demean hitn- 
 felf well and to live virtuoufly . 
 
 I It hath three Colleges , One of the Doctors of Lawes where 
 none is admitted , that cannot prove himfelf of a houfe of Nobili- 
 ty, of one hundred yeers ftanding , and Legitimate Iflue for three 
 [Ages, befidesthat, he is examined of his knowlege at his entrance, 
 <and obliged to proceed Doctor in the Univerfity of Padoua. The 
 fecondis of Phyficians more modern, and the third oi Notaries, 
 moft antient and reftrained. 
 
 It hath Six thoufand duckets of Income by the yeer , which is ex- 
 pended in repairing the Bridges , Highways , and Palace, main- 
 taining an Ordinary Refident at Venice, and other extraordinary 
 charges. The Vicentines delight to go abroad in the World, ("an hu- 
 mour feldome met with in the Italians) as well to learn good breed- 
 ing, as to provide for their Families: So that returned home they 
 live in all fplendor and politenefs, both within and without doors, 
 go richly apparelled, as well Men as Women, and keep many fol- 
 lowers; which they may well do ,by their abundance of Riches | 
 
 For which caufe this City is reputed full of Gentry 3 and their com- 
 mon Title is, ;/ signor conte. Nor are they lefs noble in their build- 
 ings, both publick and private, than in their garb : for by the in- 
 
 M 2 duftry 
 
 +i 
 
4* 
 
 Camp o Mmth. 
 
 The Hiftory of IT ALT, Part I 
 
 duftry of Talladws a Vicentine and reviver of 'the Roman Archite 
 fture, it fhewes it felf moft pompous, and equal to any other 
 great City: The Vicentines are great Lovers of Strangers,liberally en- 
 tertain with all forts of Regalios, the acquaintance and friends they 
 takeknowlege of in other places, and willingly take the oportuni- 
 nity to treat any great Prince. 
 
 They erected a Theatre by the invention of Andreo Falladio the 
 Renovator of the good and antient Architecture ( capable of 5000 
 perfons in their Seats) as by this infcription appears. 
 
 Virtuti ac Genio 
 Olympior: Accidentia 
 Theatrnm hoc afundamentis crexit 
 Taladio Archit. 
 Anno. 1 584. 
 
 The Stage,* or Scene, is a ftupendious thing to behold, for the 
 many Statues and Corinthian Pillars 5 the Profpedtive reprefentsa 
 Royal City , where was firft performed, with great Applaufe, and in- 
 credible fatisfa&ion to the whole Province,in the yeer 1 585: the re' 
 prefentation of Epidus Tyrant of Soffocks , a&ed with lordly pomp, 
 as well in the habits , as mufick, chorus , and illumination of the 
 Theatre TheOlympick Academy ( to whom we owe this work) 
 ought therefore to be thanked as the recep table of the Mufes, and 
 all ether noble and elevated ingenuities. The Vicentines chiefly 
 have the obligation for this work , to the memory of the Cavalier 
 Chicregato Governour of all the Militia of the Kindome of Candy , 
 and reftorer of all the antient and good discipline for the 
 Infamery. 
 
 Befides that Olympick it hath another Academy more modern for 
 Horfe 5 founded,by the Count oderico Capra Leader for his Highnefs of 
 one hundred Men in Arms, not lefsufefull for the Exercife of the 
 Youth, than for the manage it gives the Horfes,with much profit to 
 the Prince in warlike Occurrences , where good Matters Riders are 
 well entertained. 
 
 Which makes the City be filled with well managed Gennets and 
 other the beft Horfes of Lumbardy. For inftance , view the Stable of 
 the faid Count 0^ratf,furniihed with 15. Courfers, of the beft Ra- 
 ces of Italy. 
 
 Going out cf the Gate, DelCaftello, is the Campo Martio ("made in 
 imitation of, that antientlyin Rome, which was for the hunting 
 of wild Beafts) for the exercifes of the youth, and Souldiery, wate- 
 red round 5 whither the Ladies and Gallants refort in the fummer 
 Evenings to participate the frem Ayr , which the furrounding Hills 
 afford. The Arch or entrance into this field will remain as a lading 
 monument of Palladius who built it. Oppofite hereto is the Garden 
 of the Count Leonardo Valmarana y which is very praife- worthy for 
 the long and beautifull clofs walk of Citron and Orange Trees,and 
 plenty of all Fruits, together with the Labyrinth. At the head of 
 the Burrough ftands the Temple of San Felice and Fortunato the Man 
 tyrs, which fome believe that Narjitze built, therein is preferved the 
 Body of San Forinnato and head of San Felice , which were lately 
 
 found 
 
Parti. 
 
 V ICEN Z A. 
 
 found in the Cloy fter of the Bifhop , miraculoufly in « Qicit ot 
 Lead, with Letters Signifying fo much : viz.. The head of san For- 
 tunato , and the Body of San Felice , of whofe Martyrdom Cardi- 
 nal Beronio makes mention. 
 
 A mile further is the Olmo 9 made famous by the overthrow which 
 Ahiano the Venetian General received from Cardona and Profpero Col- 
 bnna, Captains of the Spaniih Army. Somewhat beyond (tands the 
 Caftle of Alontecchio , with the Palace of the Conti cnaldi where 
 Charles the 5th. Lodged. Whence by Montebella they pafs to Verona^ 
 leaving on the right hand the pleafant Valley Drejjina, with Valdag- 
 no and Arcignano^ mod populous and trading Villages , where they 
 makeLinnen Cloth, not ordinary, neither in quantity, or quali- 
 ty. And on the left hand Lonigo Fodefiaria 3 which for its white bread 
 and good wine carries the Bell.- famed alfo for the bin h of Hicolo 
 Lcomceno, amoft renowned Phyfician, and very much endeared by 
 Hercoles firft Duke of Fem*r<*,near whom he lived and dyed , having 
 long read in thatllniverfity. 
 
 Iuuing forth of the Gate de Monte^ one fees another Arch of Pal- 
 ladim , with a moft high Stayr cafe, to the top of Madonna del Monte 
 held in high veneration for the continual Miracles wrought at her 
 interceffion, and much frequented by the Neighbouring People. A 
 quarter ot a mile farther by the River fide which is navigable; upon 
 a little Hill(as it were artificially feparatcd from the other, and of a 
 Facilafcent^ftandstheJioJo/tt/rf, of the Signors Counts, Oderico and 
 Mario Capra Brothers, fo called from the round Cupola at the top Cor 
 likenefs it hath with the Pantheon at R<w»e)which covers the Hall of 
 the fame Figure : They mount to it by four ample Marble pair of 
 Stayrs, where are four fpatious Chambers worth feeing for the fair 
 Columns which feem of an excellent Marble called Paris. From 
 each of which one may behold various profpefis , from onean/««- 
 menje campagna , another the large Theatre and Town, the third 
 mountains over Mountains, the Fourth Land intermixt with Wa- 
 ters, fo that the eye refts marveloufly contented. The round of the 
 faid Hall garnilhed with Figures of Plaifter of Paris t and Pictures 
 and bordered with gold, receives its Light from the Top like the 
 Pantheon of Rome.The Chambers are all guilt & mingled withHiffo- 
 Jriesof excellent Invention and Pictures drawn by the hand of Altf- 
 Ifandro Maganza a Vicentine-, Palladins made this his M after piece,for 
 ■ tis fo contrived that it conteyns Geometrically a Rounds Grofs,and 
 a Square s And if in any place the Heavens feem to difplay their 
 eternal Beauty, more than in other, tis there. They ufetofay 
 that Apollo an d the Sifters with their Chorus fojourn there, And that 
 Bacchus refides in his deep Seliars 5 which are fo vaft, and filled with 
 the beft wines , and they with fo much liberality and bounty free to 
 allperfons, That they muft notbepafled without a vifit: nor the 
 Gardensfilled with Citrons and all forts of outlandifh Flowers: all 
 which are fplendidly governed and freely fhewed to all Strangers 
 with all kind acceptance from the Patrons. 
 
 The paiTage over the Park of Longara planted with incomparable 
 fruits by the faid Counts, will not appear tedious at your arriVal at 
 Cnflcz.a, beautified with the Acquedufts for wind, which driving 
 the Frefco upon the Palaces exceedingly temperate the heat of the 
 
 N Sun 
 
 ¥ 
 
q.6 
 
 TheHiQory of I TALT, l^rTT 
 
 Sun in Leo, together with the moft cool Wines, kept in thofe g<eat 
 Cavemesin Snow..* whofe dry and wholfome Ayr (though as twere 
 congeled) makes them be infinitely frequented in the Summer, as 
 a moft lingular delight and without a Parallel. 
 
 Cn the right hand of Cttjioza ha ving traverfed the Bridge Bacchigli- 
 one and drawing fome miles towards Padoxa, is fee n the Cnftle of 
 MoKtcgalda, forweriy an important Frontier againft the enemies, hut 
 now by the benefit of thb Peace become more like to the Cattle of 
 Akin.i^ the ftorehoufe for the Munition, being now applyed to con- 
 teyn waters for theufe of artificial fountains, and the Ditches con- 
 verted into walks planted with Citron and Orange Trees, whofe 
 bloffoms afford a moft plea fan t oJour into the Palaces *, but not to 
 come ton e.trradoHa already fo fully vifited , let us return by Citjio- 
 z~a again ro Viccnza, and in the way thereto leading >y the River 
 lide, between it and the Mountains behold the Vicariate Barb.itona 9 
 whofe Hils called Alcini a little hanging and receiving the heat of 
 the Sun at high Noon , afford thofe delttious wines efieeined only 
 fit for the Palate of an Emperor called Alonts Alcino. 
 
 From Vicenza defiring to go to Ferrara, they travail by To'iana 
 which terminates the confines on that fide, where the molt Noble 
 Palace of the Couut of roiatia mod worthy of its Builder Pallad\»t a 
 and furnifhed with excellent Pictures,deferves a ferious view. 
 
 A mile forth of the Gate of Saint Eartokmeo^ frandsthePal-.ee of 
 Circolo, appertaining to the Count Pontpeoi Trijjino built after the* 
 modern Architecture by his Grandfir Giovan Giorgio, a famous Poet, 
 and no lefs skilled in this Art ,than in all others,as well as the liberal 
 Sciences, which deferves a vifit for its compact ftructure and excel- 
 lent Invention: whence advancing over a fair plain, one reaches 
 at fome miles diftance the pleafant Country of Breganza t famous for 
 its fweet and fiavorous wines. 
 
 Turning on the left hand a rough Country conducts one to Adaa- 
 rojiicx, a Seat for a Podefta, and a large Caftle, the Country and 
 Birth place of Angela Matcaccio, a moft learned Man, and Reader of 
 the Civil Lawes for a long tine in Padoua, at the fame time, Alefjan- 
 drio Adajjaria , was Ghief Reader in Phifick, and of the Contede 
 Afonte 3 both Vicentines, and the EfcuUpii of this our Age, and from 
 Adarojiica, at three miles diftance, is feated £.*//<««>, now out of its 
 Territories, heretofore comprehended in them, and to this day 
 in Spirituals governed by tbeBifhop of Vicenza. 
 
 On that part of Eregavze, which is wafhed with the /IpcohSci- 
 tuated Lonedo, and the Palace of the Signory C onto Alc/fandro, and 
 CiroUmo Godi, built at exceflive expence on thofe Craggy places, 
 whereto afcended ("the ugh with much pains and fome fweat ) tis 
 compared to the Mount of Virtue j fur that having gained the Top, 
 there is found what may reftoreone with fuch plenty and gentle- 
 nefs, that it may be faid the Goddefs Abondantia } there had empti- 
 ed her Basket. The Architecture is moft exact, the Pictures of ex- 
 cellent hands, theProfpccts wonderfull, the Fountains Beautifull 
 and the Cittrons and fweet Flowers for all feafons notdefpicable, 
 but above all theaffablcnelsand Civilities with which the Padroni 
 treat all Srangers , is moft to be admited. 
 
 Through the Gate Santo Croce, they travel to Trento , the Coun- 
 try 
 
I Part I. 
 
 VI C EN Z a:< 
 
 try whereto is bounded with a continued Lift of little Hills which 
 afford raoft delitious Wines 3 till arrived at Schio, where they mount 
 oft very cragged waies. 
 
 Schio is a principal Town, Seated at the feet of thofe Mountaines 
 at 1 5. aides dirt nice from the City, filled with Merchandize and Co- 
 mof.ities; it conteins five thoufand Souls , a People neat and civil 
 as well as Warlike. It gave birth to Giovan Paolo Mamfrone 3 who 
 from a private Souldier arofe to the chiefeft honors in Wars, nnd 
 both he and his Son Giulio are not a little famed for their excellent 
 Conduct and valour, in Hiftories. 
 
 Through the fame Gate taking the Stradamilit&re, at ten miles 
 Journey, prefents it fell Tiene, a noble Town, inamoft pleailng 
 fcitt;,jnd not .1 little beautified by the Palace, of the Count Fran- 
 ccjd) 'Yrr /..which though built after the antient Architecture i> rever- 
 ■ h. cis foil ot Mijdiy : beautified withfprings of running water, 
 Labyrinths, fpaciousGirden?,. Citron and Orange Trees,:ind an Ayr 
 pure and iweet, even to raviihing admiration. 
 
 Two mile funher, upon the railed Hillock of_W, is lately e* 
 reeled the Komrtorio, by the Chai ity and free gifts of the Pezfeantj of 
 Romiti Cam'adoknfi, whofe fituation with their quotidian induitry 
 and labour, mull Icon render the place fuch,and lo beautifull^that it 
 in_y dispute the Palm with the ch'ef houfesof Religion. 
 
 From riovcuc a Jar^e Town coafbng the Monte fuvtmanno r.nd the 
 Torrent of Ajiice, by the confines of Fumi, oneairivesatTre#/<? 3 by 
 a very ill way, only capable of Hories: at 28 milcsend. Aiongthe 
 Ajlico, (where they take redTrouts,) may be fcen thofe Edifices, 
 wherein is nude writing paper, the Furnaces and Forges for Iron, 
 and the fawes which being drove by the Waters, faw that Timber 
 and reduce it to forms^ which in great abundance grows on thefe 
 Mountains, which alfo ferve for the feeding their Flocks and 
 Herds. 
 
 The Summano is famed for its rare fimples , and for the Temple of 
 Mary the Virgin , which (according to common belief )was hereto- 
 fore dedicated to the God Summano, which Idol being deftro-yed by 
 Saint Frofdocimo 3 the Temple was confecrated to the Mother of God. 
 Some yeers fince was found there a moft antique Stone engraven 
 with Roman Letter?, which by the Learned is intepreted thus. Fa* 
 lemon Viccnimns Latino; Linguo Lumen. And gives confidence that Pa- 
 lemon was buried there, which Rhemio Palemon the Vicentine, flouri- 
 fhed in the time of Augujius, in Grammar and fvhetorick,when thofe 
 profefiiens, were in much more efteem than at this day, the very 
 Emperours in thofe dayes not difdaining to aflift therein. 
 
 From Fioveney 011 afcend to the Sette Gommuni, which are feven 
 Villages filled with a great number of moft fiercePeople dwelling on 
 thofe Mountains, whom one would think created by Nature for a 
 Parapet to the Vicentmes , againft the incurfionsof the Germans, 
 Their Language is fo frrange, that though it approach the German as 
 much as it can,yet the fharpnefs of their pronunciation, renders it un- 
 intelligible even to the Germans 5 fome thiak they were the Reliques 
 of the G0f/jej:They enjoy many exemptions for their fidelity to their 
 Prince and the City. 
 
 Maximilian , theEmperour,in February 1508. attempted by this 
 j N 3 part 
 
 47 
 
±8 
 
 The Hiflory oilTALT, Pare 1. 
 
 part to furprife Vicen%a with a flying Army descending from Jrento. 
 but the noife thereof fpread , and the Peajeants raifed, by GiroUmo , 
 and Chrifiofero Capra, with others of their Family in r/edW»f,who 
 having poifeffed themfelves of" the narrow paflesof 4fiago 3 and the 5 
 Furni with five hundred Souldiersof their party oppofed his Army 
 compelling them with much (laughter to a difhonourable retreat 
 Their Rcadinefs and Valour in which acrion was greatly acknow- 
 leged by the Venetian Senate, 
 
 In Sum, All its Territories are moft beautifull, the Hills conten- 
 ding with the Valleys, for fertility and goodnefs: The wines fthere 
 growing in great Plenty) are eftecmed without compare the beft of 
 alltheie Gountreys, which occafioned the Proverb, Vi*PisentiH % 
 &c. with that variety of Colour and Taft (a. rare thing)that both 
 vV inter and Summer, the moft delicate Palate may meet its full fa* 
 i tisfac r tion : There being Wine (weet and (harp, which pleafe and 
 i cut, Arotnatick, and Fragrant, Stomachal and brisk, with a hum 
 { dred other real differences, all moft digeftible healthfull and grate- 
 j full to the Palate. It produceth Com o* all forts, Pears, Apples, 
 and all other Fruits for every Moneth in great abundance. 
 
 The reafants have fuch infinite numbers of Calves and Kids that 
 they fupply half Venice, whither the conveniency of Water and 
 cariage invites them to vent the Superfluities thereof, as alfo their 
 admirable Venifon, Partridges, Pheafants, God wits, Quailes,and 
 Quoifts} and although their Fining is not equal to their Fouling, yet 
 they want not, cither red or white Trouts,Lampreys or other Stone- 
 filh, befides what certain Lakes afford of excellent forts. 
 
 They much inrich themfelves by the Craft there much ufed, as 
 well within, as without the City, of making Cotton Clothes, 
 which are eftecmed no lef s for their goodnefs than whitenefs. 
 
 Tbey have likewife great quantities of Silk- worms, and there- 
 fore tis that their Countrey is lo well planted with Mulbery- Trees 
 whereof the Worms feed, and thereof they extract at leaft 500OGO. 
 Crowns a yeer, diftributing them to all Merchants that refort thi- 
 ther for them, which much adds to their Riches; here alfo they 
 fetch Fullers Earth for many ufes into feveral Countreys, as alfo 
 the Sand, wherewith at Venice they pollifh their Looking Glades. 
 
 7 rcnto affords them fome mines of Silver, andiron, but much 
 Stone for all forts of Structures , fome whereof for their hard- 
 nefe are compared to the Iftrian Stone, and others for their finenefs 
 to the Marble of Carrara. 
 
 The conveniences of Tymber, Stone, Sand,and unflacked Lime, 
 confidered with their aftive and ingenuous Natures , together with 
 the laborioufnefs of the reafants , and the beauty and variety of 
 Sites, is that v/hich nourifhethfo much the Art and difcipline in 
 their Workmen of the Architecture of Falladins. 
 
 Whence Botero defervedly accounts this Province for one of the 
 four moft delitious and rich Provinces of Italy. Its Ayr being fo 
 pure and healthfull , that they reach great Ages , betides that this 
 Climat in all Ages hath produced Men eminent, nolefs or Lear- 
 ning than Arms, as appears in the Hiftories, and enclines the ordi» 
 nary fort to a certain Spritencfsand aptnefs to all occupations and 
 exercifes. 
 
 In 
 
Parti. 
 
 V ICEN Z A. 
 
 In its Territory, they number one hundred and three fcore thou- 
 fand Souls •• which added to them of the City, amounts to two 
 hundred thoufand, difper fed into 250. Towns and Villages 3 which 
 are governed by two Podejia'es^nd eleven Vicariats , Noble Venetians, 
 and Noble Vicentines^ whofe Jurifdi&ions, are limited to civil mat- 
 ters, only. - Criminal Gaufes being wholly referved totheConlu- 
 lary. 
 
 The Prince draws from Vicenza, eighty thoufand Duckats annu- 
 ally without the le.ift charge 3 and makes the Province to maintain 
 three thoufand feleft, and well difciplined Foot, under four Cap- 
 tains, who alwaies refide at their feveral Quarters, and the City one 
 thoufand Musketteers: Alfofor the urgent necefCty of War, they 
 have made a new calculation of fuch perfons as are fit to bear Arms 
 from i8yeersold to 20. and they have thereupon enrolled in a Book 
 the names of 1 6000. flomiftring brave Youths- Its Territory, is one 
 hundred and fifty miles in circumference. 
 
 Vicenza isdiftantfrom Padoua 18. miles, from Venice 43. from Ve 
 rona, 30. from Mantoua t 50 . from Trent, 44. from Trevijb, 33. 
 
 Thus for a conclufion, we may with truth affirm, that reflecting 
 on their Political State, the ftrength of the City, which confifts not 
 fo much in the circuit of the Walls, as the Liberty and amplitude 
 of its Territory, Their riches and the number, Valour, and gal- 
 lantry, of their People: Vicenza will find few Cities equal t and 
 confequently will find no fmall eftsem from a wife Prince. 
 
 VER N AThe Antienu 
 
 TIs the Vulgar Criticifnt on this name,that fyllabilzed, It compfe» 
 hends the three firft fyllables ot the three head Cities of Italy Ve 
 Venetia-,Ro P^oma^NaTSlapolifithers moreftricry interpret that whatecer 
 may be found in thofe three Cities abounds there.Verona is reckoned 
 amongft the moftNo'bleCities of ItalyrBuilt long fince by theTofcanes, 
 8c wasone of the twelve,by them cmoanded on this fide the Adenines, 
 T\\eGa\.Y\Cenomani peopled it having beat out iheToj canes. Its namefas 
 fome other fay) was taken from an antient Noble Family of the 
 Tofcanes called Vera. It is feated near the Mountains towards the 
 Sonth, as twere in a plain , and is in form little lefs than a Square : In 
 the time of AngujtHs Ctfar , it was much larger, as many induce- 
 ments make us believe, among others, That tis written they ufed to 
 fet forth 50000 Souldiers, which appears no great wonder fince 
 Cornelius Tacitus called ojiilia, a Burrough thereof, though nowdi- 
 ftantfromit 30. miles, we may thence conclude, they numbred 
 aooooo. Souls, Martial calls her great, and Strabo moft great. Its 
 fituation is very ftrong by Nature, yet the Venetians have made it 
 now accounted impregnable, through the many wonderfull Forti- 
 fication s of Bajiiont, Bulwarks, Caftles, Towers, Counterfcarpes, 
 added by them , and the deep and large Dykes,kept full by the Ri- 
 ver Adice. 
 
 It hath one Fort in the Plain Country near the River , and two 
 in the Mountains, the one named San Felice the other a more mo- 
 dem,called^4« Angelo: the which guards the Plain, and aptly repels 
 the furious aflaults of any Enemies. It hath five Gates no lefs ftrong 
 
 O than 
 
50 
 
 The HiftooToT IT AL r, Part I 
 
 then adorned with Sculptures, Collumns, Statues, and other fair 
 Marbles. Befides, in the City are many things from whence may 
 be gathered. Thatithathbeenarnoftantient and Noble City: Un« 
 der theCaftie of San Fietrojhey yet (hew the great foundations of a 
 Theatre with the entire doors of the Scene , as alfo the Signal of that 
 place which was antiently deputed for the Naval Fights \ in that 
 place, where now is the Orchards of the Fathers Dominicans. In the 
 Piazza de Bejiiani , ftands the moft antique and great Fabrick,the 
 Amphitheatre built of fquare Marble Stones, called by the veronei 
 the Arena. The outward wall , whereof had four fair flows of Pil- 
 larsArches and Windows , compofed of four iorts of Architecture, 
 that is to fay, oneDorick, one Ionick, one Corinthian, and one 
 mixed with good order, being a Structure not lefs fair than high , as 
 may be credited from that little part which yet is a foot. The Barba- 
 rous who facked Italy , dtfrobed it of all the Marble Stones and Or- 
 naments of the exteriour circuit , even to the foundations where- 
 with to adorn their other Structures leaving that fo Noble work,de- 
 prived of all its Majcfty; howbeit from thofe fmall reliques remain 
 ing j onemaytakea judgement of the grandme and quality of the 
 reft, as eafily , as from the nails may be guefled what creature a 
 Lyon is, becaufethe tVeafon and art of Architecture, and circular 
 proportions make it eafily comprehended 5 that everyone of the 
 faid Orders or degrees of the exteriour Wall, had feventy two parts 
 or as one would fay, Arches and as manyPillars$ and from the void 
 places in the third order, which was the Corinthian , one may know 
 that there were 144. Statues between the Arches,and Pillars ; Being 
 entred at the Porches, which within encompafs the wholeFabrick in 
 three orders, one would wonder at the great number of Stayrs 
 Steps 8c waies,which on every fide were ufed by the Spectators to go 
 in and out without disturbance . Who might altogether (although 
 a great multitude ) mount and defcend with gjreat facility and no 
 trouble by thofe numbcrlefs ways In the midfY is the Arena, andtis 
 a noble fight to behold that fpatious plain of an Oveal form, 34 per- 
 ches long, and ii\ broad) environed with 42. Seats , which ly gra» 
 datinty one above the other, ftill extending to the Top, and wereca- 
 pableof 23000. Perfons, which might fit there commodioufly } un- 
 der which Seats are the faid Steps and wayes. The inward part al- 
 fo wasdcfpoiledby the barbarous of all its Marble Seats, though at 
 prefent the Citizens of Verona , at their proper expence have refto* 
 red that, and adorned it as formerly, and at certain times ufe to 
 {hew to the people Games, and huntings, after the Antient cuff om. 
 We find not in authentiqueHiffories who founded this NobleFa- 
 bsick, but Torello Saraino , ^Venetian, and a moft learned man , en 
 deavours to prove by many arguments, that the Theatre, and the 
 Arena, were built under C afar Avgujius, one whereof is that we evi- 
 dently find in Suetonius Augujins , conffituted many new Colonies 
 through Italy , and fought to enrich and adorn many of the old, to 
 which opinion adds , faith a certain Chronicle (as faies Toretlo') 
 wherein tis written that the Arena was built in the twenty fecond 
 yeer ofthcEmpireofthat^*^«/?*^withwhomC;r;jfi> AnconitamdM- 
 agrees but little , who in his itinerary of Sclavonia collects many an- 
 tiquities of Italy, and fays that the Arena of Verona, called by him 
 
 the 
 
Part I. 
 
 VERONA. 
 
 51 
 
 the Laberinth , was built inthe^th. yeer of ciie Empire of \Augn- 
 (ins. ButMagino the moft excellent and ee'ebrious Mathematician 
 [writes much other wife, for in his defcripuonuf tie Mar qui fate of 
 Wreeves, xxn&txTolemeo, fpeaking of Verona , he faith, that that Am 
 fit heat re which was built by L. V.Flam/nius in Anno. 53. After the 
 (building of R»me,Scc But let every one believe hereofas he pleafeth, 
 ids fufficient that the Grandezza, the tnagnificencie, arid ooblenefs of 
 the work gives to underftand, that it was erefted in the moft flou- 
 i riming days of the Roman Empire,the Majefty,and greatnef*, where- 
 of it much reprefents. 
 
 Tis known that a little diftant thence was the place where the 
 I Sword players exercifed, and to this day are to befeen, thefoot- 
 ftepsof the Arch Triumphal erecled in houour of C.Marius. for his 
 vi&ory over the Cimbrians-, in the Territories of Verona, fome part of 
 the profpeft or Front of the antient r&t££4, yet remaining, fhews 
 it to have been of excellent Architecture, Tis faid that there was the 
 Via Emilia, the Emilian Way, which lead to Rimeni I, Piaccnza, Ve- 
 rona, and to Aquilegia, where appears an Arch of Marble 3 Dedicated 
 to Jupiter, who alfo had a Temple on the Hill, the foundations 
 whereof are now extant ruinated by time, but adorned with carved 
 Hierogloficks, 
 
 In the Via Emilia -, were many four fquared Arches of Marble, 
 three whereof, we now behold, one of which was built by Vetruvius 
 and fhews 'twas framed with true rules of Architecture. In Verona 
 are many other Signes, of Venerable Antiquity , as great Ruins of 
 herHoufes, with many Chambers adorned with figures, compofed 
 of feveral pieces of Stones, of Temples, of Arches, Triumphals, 
 Palaces, Aquiducb, Collumns, Statues, Epitaphs, Medals, of Gold 
 and Silver, Urns and the like, which by the firing that Attila King 
 of the Uunns, put to it, were loft and deftroyed: the aP vements, in 
 fome places being thereby become twenty foot under ground. This 
 City, hath many fumptuous Palaces, and among them the Council 
 houfe,or Chamber of Juftice is the chief, of a fquareform, with 4. 
 Halls, and one fquare low Court, wherein there is fo much room, 
 that they therein do Juftice, and hold Council at the fame time, 
 comodioufly : upon the roof whereof ftand expofed to theayrthe 
 Statues of Cornelius, Nepos, Emilius , Marcus, old Poets, of Pliny the 
 natural Hiftorun, a n d Vetruvius the Architecture, and in a very high 
 Arch, the Statue of Hterenimo FacaJirao,zll which men graced their 
 Mother Verona by their lingular virtues. 
 
 Befides which , there are two Palaces for the Governours and 
 many others eminent enough of particular Veronians. They praife 
 alfo the great Bell , which is inthe high Turret, The riazza frequen- 
 ted by the Merchants j the Burrough where they teazllewam and 
 pre fs Clothes, and the Field called Campo Martio, where they exer. 
 cife the Souldiery. There are alfo other Piazzacs for the Markets , 
 and to walk in, one for the Nobility,and another for the Mirchants: 
 In the bigger whereof ftands a Stately Fountain with a Statue repre- 
 fenting Verova, with a Kingly Diadem at her Feet. 
 
 The moft beautifull River Adice runs by Verona, which comes juft 
 from the Alp ei of Trent, and fends two arms through the Streets of the 
 City for its greater conveniency , by which River they convey to 
 
 O 2 Verona 
 
7i ~ The Hiftory oilTALT, Pare 1. 
 
 Verona, divers Merchandices from Germany and Venice. There are ma- 
 ny Mills within and without the City, and other Edifices for the 
 Mecanickj. They have four Bridges over the Adice, all erected with 
 excellent artifice and beauty, one whereof hath two fpatious 
 Arches, which give a Noble profpect, Europe fcarce affording any 
 more polite and truer built. 
 
 This City abounds with all things neceflary. Their fruits are all 
 delicious, but the Figs Bardolini exceed all others. It hath Fiih very 
 fweet from the Lake Garda, Good Meat from the excellent Pafture, 
 exquifite Wines from the Hills i> good Corn from the Vales, and good 
 health from the Ayr, though fomewhat piercing. TheMerchan- 
 d'ze of Cloth and Silk, mantains above 20000. Handicrafts- 
 men. 
 
 Verona, was under the Etrurians , the Euganei^ the Heucti, the French 
 and the Romans^ with whom it was confederated and had voices in 
 ihtbaliottmgesoi Home. The Romans never fenta Colony into Vero- 
 na.^ but it was afcribed to the 'l'ribu Fobhlia 3 and the Veronians have 
 had many Magistrates in Rome. Heretofore ^Deputies had the clear 
 and mixt government of this City, as the Roman Confuls, which 4. 
 were created by the Citizens, together with the other Magifrrates : 
 whereof they yet retein lome ftiadow by having Confuls, the wife 
 men, theCounfel of twelve, the hundred and twenty, and the 
 Prefect of the Merchants. Afterwards the Roman Empire decli' 
 ning, Verona became under the Command of certain barbarous Ty- 
 rants, but they being driven out by the ojiragoths and they by the 
 Longobards who were Lords of it 200. yeers,\t was finally freed from 
 their Signory and fell into the power oi the fucceflbrs of Charles the 
 great, that is of ripin and Berengarius , and others who there made 
 the Seat of their Empire, as Albano Ring of the Longobardi t hzd done 
 formerly. 
 
 In the fxeign oiottonc the Firft, it again recovered its Liberty^ but 
 difcords arifing among the Citizens, it was oppreft by the Tyranny 
 of £z.z.e/;w, and the scaligiri^ its own Gitizens , who Lorded it for 
 200. yeers. Laft of all being alfo opprefr by others,it voluntarily ren- 
 dredit felf to the power of the Venetians who in thofedaies,weree- 
 fteemed the Jufteft of Lords. It was converted to the Chriftian Faith 
 by Euperius t commiffionated to preach there from Saint Tee tre. It 
 had thirty fix Bifhops Saints, withs. Zenone its Protector, to whom 
 FipinSon ofCharles the great,dedicated aChurch with twelve pounds 
 of gold fur yeerly re venue. The greater Church,is a moft noble one, 
 and rich with a Chapter of Canons of much authority .In the Church 
 of S. Anajiajfia is a fayr Chapel oiGiano Frefco a Genouai Captain,filled 
 with Marble Sta tues and his own effigies. 
 
 The peopleof Verona are pious, and have alwaies had goodBi. 
 fhops, in particular lately AHgujiin Falerio a moft upright Prelate and 
 illuftj ious Cardinal as he was ever accounted by the moft holy Fa- 
 thers and Docf ers of the Chvrch. Nor will we forget Nicolo Horma.net- 
 to Bifhop oiPadoHajaov Giberto^who was the reformer of many Chur- 
 ches, the firft of whom, brought into that Province Carlo Berromeo 
 Docfor,and Head of all the holy men* and the moft (faining Star of 
 the College of Cardinals. Nor that the Churches of Verona, (before 
 the Conncel of Tre#f )were reformed into that order they ftill obferve 
 They 
 
Part I. 
 
 VERONA. 
 
 They give divine honors to Lucius the third Pope , who going to 
 Verona, thereto call a Council, palled into a better Life, and was 
 there interred in the great Church} whence in Verona was created 
 "Urban the third his SuccelTor. 
 
 Verona is well peopled , and hath many noble Families: andhath 
 produced fignal Men in all exercifes. It had fome Confuls in Rome: 
 It hath had many holy men and many blefled , among which is fa- 
 mous San Tietro the Martyr, of the Preaching order , buried in Mi- 
 Ian, born in the Street of S. Stefano in Verona, whereat prefent may 
 be feen the houfe of his Nativity. iheVeronians have (harp wits , and 
 are much inclined to Learning, which hath occafioned that it in e- 
 very Age hath bronght forth Men of excellent efteem in all fciences. 
 They were Veronians that have their five Statues fet upon the pu- 
 blick Palace: Soalfowas the learned Scaligcr, for whofe fake and 
 his Family ( i Signori della Scala ) is erecied in the heart of the City a 
 Stately Marble Tomb, encompaffed with fron work, refemblinga 
 Ladder ^ which that name implies. It hath afforded fome Women 
 too, fo well read in the Greek and Latin tongue, and the Sciences, 
 that they have held difputes with many learned Men,among others 
 ifotta Nogarola was glorious , it hath one PorphyreTomb of a King 
 of the Goths. In fumm , Verona pofleiTeth all thofe things that may 
 render a Citty perfeft, and its Citizens happy: So thattisno won- 
 der that many Emperors (induced by the beauty of the place_) fpent 
 fome Monethsoftheyeer there, as we read in the codicils of Jujii- 
 nian, and Theodojtus , and that Alboino, firft King of the Longobards , 
 and repinSon of charls the Great, and Berengarius ,with other Kings$ 
 of Italy, fele&ed it for their own Refidencesj and to rhe end no or- 
 nament might be wanting, inflituted an Academy for good Letters , 
 and Study of humanity in the houfe of the Signori Bevilacque,whexe- 
 ofcota a eood Poet of our times faies well thus. 
 
 Verona, qui te ■viderit , €^* non amarit protinus 
 amore perditijjimo r is credo feipfum non amat , 
 caretque amandifenjibusj & tollit omnes gratiar. 
 
 The Territory of VEKONA. 
 
 THe Territory of Verona, in our times is about 80. Miles large, 
 from the Confines of Torbolo , aCaftle of Trent, towards the 
 South to the Polefene of Rovigo , and from the Eafiern part from the 
 confines oivkentia to them of tirefcia, which are towards the North 
 46. Miles , and 1 5. miles towards South-Eafi , where it confines with 
 the Vadouan, tis 30. miles long, a fertile plain . towards the North- 
 toefi , it hath 25 . miles of mountainous Countrey : Towards South 
 and by Eaft, thirty Mils to the Ferrarian or Mantouan confines , of 
 moffc fertile Countreys, being no lefs pleafant than fruitfull of what- 
 ever can be defired. It hath Mountains, Hills, Woods, diverfe 
 navigable Rivers, clear fountains, oyl, good Corn, good Wine, 
 Hemp, and great plenty of Fruit , and Trees bearing Applet more 
 fweet,frefh, and of longer keeping than any other Country: It hath 
 Fowl, and Flefti of all forts, divers forts of Stone , and Chalk, V il- 
 
 p lages 
 
H 
 
 St. Michael. 
 
 Monte forte. 
 
 Scala. 
 
 Sunken. 
 
 Pefcbiero. 
 
 TheHiftory oilTALT, Part I 
 
 lages with fair Fabricks, and foundations of antient Towers: In fum 
 it may well be called as fair and happy a Territory as any other,and 
 more than fome are. 
 
 Going out of the Gate V e fcovato, turning on the left hand, after 
 having met with many fruitfull Hills , and r he ruins o' an antient 
 Caftle, you come to the Burrough S. Michael , which hatha fair 
 Church dedicated to the blefled Virgin^ wherein they have feen ma- 
 ny unhides, and many Paper Mills, being 5. miles from Verona^ then 
 following the way a little on the right hand, one findes the Baths, 
 helpfull for the Sterility of Women , and to refrefh the Reyns,where 
 the Learned Calderino was born, who after lived in Rome. 
 
 Tis reported , that there ftcod an antient Caftle, and that the 
 Church of Saint ./!iW/>en> the Apoftle, was a Temple oijuno. Oppo* 
 fite whereto upon a Hill is feen, HCajilloSoavc^ built in a lovely fite 
 by the Scaligerij a little forwarder is Monte Forte 9 a Town belong- 
 ing to the Veronian Bifhoprick , upon the very confines, as on the o- 
 ther fide on the confines is the Burrough Saint Boniface. On that part 
 which looks towards the North Eaji, are fome plains well inhabited. 
 That part looking towards the Sou-h, begins from the Porta No va , 
 and goes to Loni^o acologna, wherein is nothing remarkable,m ore 
 than its fertility , and the head of the River 'lartaro ; and on that 
 fide towards Mantoua , 17. miles diftant from Verona^ isthelfland 
 Scala t Co well replenifhed with people and goods, that it hathin fome 
 fort the face of a City. 
 
 Towards the IFeJi , before Verona^ lies a Stony untild Champion 
 or Downs, but famous for divers deeds of Arms there, performed by 
 great Captains j Tis faid, that Sabitto Gmliano i who would have got- 
 ten the Empire, was there by Curino Cefare overthrown andflain, 
 that odouacro King of the Her!ui i and Turcillingi, having by violence 
 obteyncdthcKingdomeofj/j/}', forcing out jiugufiolo, and therein 
 tyianized fome yeers, was irl this place difcomfned in a Battel of 
 three days, by Theodorick^King of the Ojirogoths; That Lamberto Son 
 of Guidon K ing of Spoleto^ was there overcome witb.14000. Hunga- 
 rian Souldiers by Berengarius. That fome yeers after, by Gugene Are- 
 latenje, Arnoldo Captain of Baviera, with a potent Army of Germans, 
 was there cut in pieces^ whom the I ' eronians firft called into Italy 
 for King againft Hugone, and had received into their City as vi<!tori> 
 ous and triumphant. That there likenefs was overcome and depri- 
 ved of his Kingdom the fccond Berengarius by Rodolfus Borgondusjand 
 that in antient times in that place were fought many Battels ("of no 
 leis confequence than obaining or lofing of the Kingdom of Italy j 
 with various fuccefs. But as to what Blonds faith , that in that 
 Down C- Marius , vanquifhed the Germans and the Cimbrians , who 
 made a furious incurfion into Italy ^ 'tis very uncertain, becaufeHi- 
 ftorians much differ in defcribing the place where that memorable 
 Aft was performed. 
 
 Thence one may go to Villa Franca and Sanzeno, rich Villages con* 
 fines to the Mantoua Territories , but if from thofe Downs one take 
 towards the South , having paffed many Villages , you arrive at 
 Pefchiero a ftrong Caftle, but of ill Ayr, 14, miles from Verona , fea- 
 ted on the Banks of the Lake Garda^here the River Menzo hath its 
 fource , and on the left fide of the Lake five miles further offCmoft 
 
 ill 
 
Part 
 
 VERONA. 
 
 55 
 
 Defenfano 
 
 Pnhentti 
 
 PulicdU, 
 
 Bttrdolho. 
 Gardo, 
 
 CaldU' 
 
 ill way 3 ftands RivoltelU ) and two miles onward Dejenfano the con- 
 fines of Ver ona. 
 
 On that part of Verona } towards the North-weft, are many Hills 
 placed in the form of a Theatre, where they are ftocked with fertile 
 Vineyards^ and fo much adorned with beautifull Palaces and Gar- 
 den s, that the profpeQ: at a diftance much pleafeth^within thefe Hils 
 is the ValeFaltena, inhabited and Fertil, and following the plain,ap- 
 pear many and ftately Palaces, on the banks of the Adice, which runs 
 through that Campagna. 
 
 At 10. miles diftance from Feronaupon the afcent of certain lit- 
 tle Hills, may be beheld the Valley Vulicella , replenifh't with many 
 Caftles & greatTowns,behind which begin the Mountains ofTrento, 
 they fay that in the faid Valley, there are two teats of Stone cut with 
 a Chizel, whichconftantlydiftilla water, wherewith if a Woman 
 having loft her Milk bath her Nipples 3 it will return in great abun- 
 dance. Returning to Verona, by the Adice, on one fide is the foot of 
 the Mountain Baldo, and many Caftles and Burroughs: On the other 
 fide a plain to refchiera, and there begin the Mountains which are on 
 the right hand-fhore of the Lake-there ftands Bardelino, where thofe 
 incomparable Figs grow, whereof S dim an Emperor of the lurks de- 
 lighted todifcourfe of, with the Chriftian flaves , asalfo, Gardo, 
 which gives name to the Lake, and many other Caftles: In this place 
 is to be admired, the vaftnefs of the Venetians Minds, who conveyed 
 over thofe rough and mountainous places, both Galleys and Ships 
 armed in all particulars , to fight in the Lake with Filippo Fifconfe 
 Captain of the JlfilaneJians 3 Moxmt Baldo, whereof fome what is fpoken 
 formerly, ought here to be fet before all the Mounts of Italy, being 
 go. miles in circumference, affording excellent and rare plants, and 
 lorne veins ofGopprr. 
 
 The Lake GAR DA. 
 
 Ntiently the Caftle Benaco, gave name to this Lake, where now 
 __ is Tufculano,butat prefent it takes name fromGardo aforenamed. 
 rhisLake from Tefchiera, which lies on the South of it, is 35. miles 
 long tov/ards the North, and from Salo, on the Weft fliore to Gar da or 
 Laace on the Eaft, is 14. miles broad.- It is very tempeftuous , and 
 many times raifes waves as high as Mountains., which at certain fea- 
 fons of the y eer , makes it dangerous to navigate, and this they be- 
 lieve proceeds from the enclofure of the winds by the Mountains , 
 hindring by their furrounding its ifluing out 3 Wherefore Virgil 
 faies. 
 
 Fluff /bus , &fremtu ajjnrgens Benace marino. 
 
 This Lake affords well-relifhtfifh, in great plenty, but chiefly 
 Trouts, Carps, and Eels, whereof Pliny fpeaks at large. Eight miles 
 from refchiera, runs a neck of Land into the Lake, two miles long , 
 which feems to divide the Lake. Hereantiently was Sirmone which 
 gave birth to Catullus the Poet, but now remains nothing but a fmall 
 Caftle, though abounding with all delitioufnefs. On the fame fide s 
 is Rivohella i an& Difenfano , a principal Market Town of thofe parts,, 
 
 P 2 not 
 
16 
 
 TheHiiloryof IT ALT, Pare 1. 
 
 not defective in any thing. But on the other fhore there are many 
 fairCaftles, among others Salo& Tratodi Fame , where theBifhops 
 of Trent, Verona, and Brefcia, may each(ftanding in his own Diocefs) 
 (hake hands. The Country there is pleafant , bearing Olivs, Figs, 
 Pomegranates, Lemons, Citrons, and other fruitfull Trees , which 
 there flourifh much, by having the River & Lake on one fide, and 
 the Mountains on the other, defending it from blafring winds, and 
 affording the reflex of the Sun all day , from its rife to the lei ting, 
 which renders it one of the beautifulleft places of Jtalji.The number 
 of the People inhabiting this Valley and Lake of Garcia, fhall be gi- 
 ven in the Defcription of the Valleys. 
 
 BRESCIA. 
 
 BRefcia by the Romans Brixia, is feated 20 miles from Difenfano i 
 which a direct Road leads unto, but fomething Stoney. Some 
 will have it called Bre feia from Britein , which in the Language of 
 the Galli Senoncs ("the reitorers of this City) fignifie rejoycing Trees , 
 as if the quantity of Fruits wherewith they are yeerly hung, made 
 them rejoyce. Livie and other grave Authors write, that Brefcia was 
 built by the Galli Senones 3 in that age when the Kings commanded in 
 Rome, and that the Romans made themfelves Matters thereof, after 
 theyhad conquered a\\Lombardy.Theytx\ithex fay,thatit alwaies kept 
 inviolable Faith with the Roman People , and particularly in that 
 calamitous time, when Hannibal deftroyed their Armies.Belides they 
 fay, that it was reduced into a Colony of the Romans, after theaffo- 
 dated Warr,together withFm>#,z,and the otherCities,on that fide the 
 Fo, by Cn. Tompeius strSo, Father of Pompej the Great , and a little 
 time after Cuejar reckoned the Erefcians in the number c>f the Roman 
 Citizens 5 under whofe Empire it continued till its Majeffy was at 
 the height , when it was no Iefs rich than potent, as may eafily be 
 conjectured from the many antient Marble Stones, and Statues, 
 With th- inferiptions and Epitaphs of illuftrious Perfbns, and of 
 divers famous deeds thereon which ly difperfed in the City and up 
 and down its Territory. 
 
 Tis feated in a plain ( at the foot of certain Hills) more long than 
 broad, although but three miles in circuit, yet well replenished 
 with d wellingsand inhabitants. Its vicinity to the Hills beautifies it 
 with many Fountains, a commodity which many Cities oiLombardi 
 want. In it are many Piaz&jes, the greateft whereof is that where 
 the publick Palace is erected 5 which for its fairnefs , may be ac- 
 counted one of the Nobltft Edifices of Italy. Under which Palace 
 are fair Porches, with (hops affording well tempered Belly pieces 
 of Armour, Swords, Muskets, and other military Arms, which 
 hath nominated it B r efaa the Armed .- other fhops are no lefs furni- 
 fhed with the fineft Linnen cloth* a Commodity by which thefe Citi- 
 zens acquire great Riches. Afmall River called Garcia paffeth 
 thorow the City, which at its iffuing forth is artificially drawn on 
 this and that fide to irrigate their Fields. It hath five Porrs or Gates, 
 and one impregnable Caftle, built with Stone upon a Hill. The Tor' 
 re de Vallada is of rare Tufcan work , and therein is the Great Bell of 
 the City. It heretofore fuffered much calamity through the Facti- 
 ons 
 
Parti. 
 
 BRESCIA. 
 
 ons and enmity of its Citizens , whofe fuiy was fuch that profcrip- 
 tion and Death to their Enemies, without fyringand deftroying 
 their Houfes and Goods, but trivally appealed: Which caufed it to 
 change in 23. yeers its Soveraign feven times, in the time of Lewis 
 the third, and Otto Emperors, Its Citizens being much addicted to 
 Arms . Tis a naoft horrible thing to read the H iltory of Capriole , of 
 thofe calamitous times, reprefenting the great {laughters of the 
 Citizens, with their Proscriptions and Banifhinents, the facking, 
 burning, and ruining, of their Habitations, and the defolation of 
 the Gityj much refembling the times and Actions oijiurius, and Scilla 
 and the Triumvirate. At this day tis governed by iheVenetians with 
 great peace, and fuch increafe of fviches, that its former frnart is 
 icarce perceptible. It received the light of the Chriftian Faith by 
 the preaching of Sant Apollinare , Biihop of Ravenna ^ intheyeerof 
 our Lord, 119. It hath fome fayr Churches, among them the Domo. 
 (whofe Biihop with a good Revenue hath the Title of Duke, Mar- 
 quifs, and Coun t) where a Skte-coloured Crofs called Oro Eiamma 3 
 is much reverenced by the People, who indubitably beleeveit to 
 be the fame which appeared to Cottfiantine the Empcrour fighting a- 
 gainft Maxentius i The Motto, inkocJignoVinces. 
 
 Next is the Church of Santa Giulia the Martyr, built by Deftderi- 
 ur } King of the Longobards, in the yeer735- adorned with rich Vefrs 
 and pretious vefiels , and honoured with the bodies of many Saints, 
 together with thofe of Anjilperga, the Sifter, and Hermingarda the 
 Daughter, of thatj&cing : which ly in its noble Monaftery: wherein 
 two daughters of Lotario the firft Emperor,one fifter of Charles the 
 the third,one Daughter of Eerengarus thellferper of the Empire^with 
 many other Virgins of Royal blood, have fpent their days in the 
 iervice of God, under the Orders of Saint Benedict. 
 
 Brefciais well replenifhed with People, and among them with ma- 
 ny noble and illuftrious Families, as the Gambari } the Martinengijhe 
 Magi 3 the Avogradi/Averoldi, Lnzaghh Emilii and others. It hath gi- 
 ven Birth to many Saints, of whom they name only San Giovita and 
 Faufiino, who luffered Martyrdom for the Faith of Chrift, on the 
 Walls towards Verona, whereof at this day appear fome Marks of it. 
 It hath had thirty Bifhops canonized for Saints: Its Territory is 
 fo large, fpatious_, and long, that tis believed, the Bifhop thereof 
 hath the Cure of near Eight Hundred Thoufand Souls.- Itabounds 
 with all things neceffary for human Suftenance, and the People are 
 reputed of a quick-witted and elegant Ingenuity : whereof an ele- 
 gant Poet writes. 
 
 Celum hilar em , frons UtaVrhi, gens nefciafraudis, 
 Atque modum ignorat divitis nber agri. 
 
 The Territory of BRESCIJ. 
 
 THeErefciau Territory, is one hundred miles broad , begining 
 from Mofa. 15. miles diftant from Mantona^ and ending at 23/- 
 alengo at the top of Alcamonica, and 50. miles long, extending from 
 Limona on the Lake Garda to the Orzi Novi , the Countrey contey- 
 ning 450. Towns, Villager, and Caftles well peopled, and affording 
 - Q. al i 
 
 57 
 
 Santa Juliia 
 
s 
 
 Lonato. 
 Afola 
 
 Ogtio. 
 
 Rcato 
 
 VaUamoriica 
 
 'J« 
 
 I Brenna. 
 
 Troffia. 
 
 Cardonc 
 
 Del Sole 
 
 The Hiltory of II A L T 9 P are l.l 
 
 all forts or Corn, Grain , Wine, Oyl, and Fruits: Towards the] 
 Eaji i on the Road leacing to Verona, on the right hand 9 ftand Gedi 3 - 
 Manerbio, Calvefanoj Calcinate, en the left, the Mountains, JSr/d/z-a- 
 lo } Tadengo, and the Lake, with the fair Tow n oi L(nato } i$.mtte- off 
 Brefcia. Towards the South by the way or Cremona, are teen Vnola ; 
 and 4/0/d j a ftrong Caltle , Iffuir.g forth the Gate San Nazario-, to- 
 wards the Vveji t on the right lies iriviato, on the left, ghtintiano,* 
 noble Caftle. This is the way or the Vrzi Nov/ , where frauds a 
 ftrong Caftle 20. miles from Brcfcia, built in Anno 1 134. Here they 
 vant much of the excellency oi their Linnen Cloth, near which pai- 
 feth the River Oglio 3 which terminates the Venetians dominions.And 
 going out of the Gates. Giovanni, you meet the Torrent Mela, Ceraio 
 arich Country, and Reato the moft populous Town of theBref- 
 cian Territories , a little farther a in eft fertile plain, beautified with 
 many Caftles, from the dwelling of the- French therein tis called 
 Francia Carta, but before you can reach Talazzolo, muft be palled the 
 River Oglio, over a ftately Bridge , from whence they enter the 
 Territories oi Bergamo. 
 
 The BRESC1AN Valleys 
 
 THis City hath three principal Valleys, thefirft called Valcamo* 
 nica 3 lies towards the Weft, and is bigger than both the other, 
 extending it felf 50. miles towards the North) is continued with fur- 
 rounding Hills, among which, is a running current yeelding good 
 Trouts, which River enters arthehead of the Jake rffeo, Tunning 
 through it, and out of it wsth ihefamename,and p fling through 
 thePlayn, many Armsand Branches aredrawn from it, to over- 
 flow the fields, whereby they become moft productive of Grafs,Hay, 
 Corn, 6cc. It hath fome minerals of Iron and Copper, its chief 
 Town is hrennaj toward* the end, this vale divides it felf into two 
 parts, one whereof extends to the County of 'irrolo, the other rea- 
 ches the valley Tellina. 
 
 The fecond-is the Vale 7roppia 3 which takes its commencement 6. 
 miles offthe City, and extends it felf 20. miles long to the North, 
 circurnferibed with Mountains, and h afhed with the River Mela. In 
 fome places tis narro\v,and tis moft fruitful! neareft the City: where- 
 in 10. miles offthe City, is the rich and Noble Caftle and Town 
 Cardone, much talked off, for the good Harqutbufes there made: It 
 affords Iron Mine, and that gives caufe of the Ironworks there 
 built. 
 
 Thelaft is the Vale del Sole 22. miles long, conjoyned with the 
 other, through which paffeth the River Chie/e , which iflues from 
 the Lake Jjeo 3 waffling it for io. miles fpace, affording goodFifh, 
 efpecially Trouts, here alfo are fome Iron works«This Vale divides 
 it felf into many Branches , by many Rivulets 5 and in many places, 
 is well and neatly planted wie h Vines and fruitfull Trees : Thefe 
 twolaft Vales are in the power of the Venetians, and produce Soul- 
 diers of great gallantry. The whole Brefcian Territory affords neer 
 8oocoo. Souls, befides what the city it felf contains. 
 
 The! 
 
Part I. 
 
 BRESCIA. 
 
 the firfk and Jborteji way from 
 BRESCIA to MILAN. 
 
 Going out of Brefcia by the gate San Giovanni for Milan, are fecn 
 Cecaglw Toatoijo called from the fimilitude ofPonto Oglio>the Ri- 
 ver which wafhes that Caftle Walls. - Then Martinengo, Triviglio, and 
 Caffano, much famed for the mortal ftroke there received by Ezzelino 
 the Tyrant of Padoua^ from the Romanian the right hand the Cam- 
 pagna dare di Add i^ i hen the Caftle Caravagg/o, head of all the Gz* 
 radiAdda, ftrong by fiteand Art , rich and abounding. Here in the 
 yeer 1422. they fable an appearance of the bleffcd Virgin, where 
 iherepofed, they dugg a Well;, whofe Waters are good tor all infir- 
 mities , there alfo, they erecled a moft irately Church. htCaJfano, 
 you repafs the River Adda, then travaling 10. miles , arrive at CaJJi- 
 na> the white Hoftery, then 10. more to Milan, this way from arc 
 cia to Milan , is accounted 50. miles long. 
 
 Thefecond Voyage, but longer, from 
 BRESCIA to MILAN. 
 
 THis way i? more ftraight and long, than the other, which they 
 takeout of the Gate San Nazario 3 and at 20. miles end arrive at 
 the Orzi Novi, whence palling the River Oglio t they come to the moil 
 noble Caftle soncino, where in Winter time they make a certain pi :a 
 fant Bread with Almonds, they alfo make Latten Candiefticks, the 
 Inhabitants are both Civil and courteous. This Caftle is endowed 
 with the Title of a Marquifate, and belongs to the State o£ Milan, 
 over the Gate whereof are fet the Armsoi Spain. In Soncino, the Ty- 
 rant of Padeua, Ezzelino, would needs dye , born of Saxon blood, 
 and 70. yeers old , who having received a mortal wound in one 
 Knee, from the Army in Cajfano, would not permit theni to drefs the 
 wound, nor apply any remedy, where he unhappily and Meritori- 
 oufly abandoned this Life 3 five miles farther lies Romanengo, and fo 
 much more far Crema, which on the Eaji is wafhed by the River 8e> 
 rio. This Crema was antiently one of the four principal Caftles of Ita* 
 ly, butisatprefenraCity, and an Epifcopal Seat, tis placed in an 
 ample plain, fortified with Rampants and OvaJs,well enriched, full 
 of civil People, replenifht with Houfes, abounding with human ne- 
 ceffaries, and under the Government of the Venetians. The Domo , 
 the Tower, the Piazza, and the Palace of the Podejia, are worth a 
 vifit. The Podejia which the Venetians commifEonate thither , go- 
 verns^, other places j here the women get well by whitening 
 fowing thread, and weaving of Linnen Cloth. Thence (palling the 
 River 'lor no) 1 o. miles farther is Lodi (Lahs Pomponia by the Romans') 
 Qa * 
 
 19 
 
 Caravaggh 
 
 Caffwa 
 
 Soncino 
 
 Crema 
 
 Lodi 
 
6o 
 
 [Malpaga 
 
 TheHiftory oilTALT, Part I 
 
 a great City on the fide of the River Ada, famous for the Cheefe 
 made there not much inferiour to the Tarmifen^ then Malignano,*. Ca- 
 ftle honoured with the Title of Maiquifate of the Noble Family 
 of the Medici at Milan, and fo to Milan , this way is 62. miles long. 
 All which way is like a Garden.the high- ways fheighr., 8c Level on 
 both fides whereof, run chanels of Water, on each fide of which are 
 pl?intedTrees,upwhich run their V ines,and theFields are fome Mea- 
 dows, and the reft yeeld plenty of Corn. 
 
 the thirdjonrney from BRESCIA to MI LAN 
 by the way of BERG A MO. 
 
 f3 *»i' f ingfrom Brcfciaby the Gate San Giovanni, palling the Tor- 
 JL rent Mela, are feen the Caftles Cacaglw, and ralazzaob aforena- 
 med, and on the other fide of the River Oglio , the Village MaU 
 paga, built inafayrplain by Bartolemeo Cokone of Bergamo, who 
 there ended his days, at 76. yeersofAge, and was buried in Berga* 
 mo. In honour of whome for having been the moft valiant and faith- 
 full Captain of the Venetian Army, is ere&ed his Statue on Horfc- 
 back gilt all over, withaMaibleBafis, before the Church San Gi- 
 ovanni , and Taolo in Venice* On the left hand lies Or giano and S . 
 Maria of Bafella a Church with a fayr monaftery for preaching Fry- 
 ers^ whence palling a Noble Bridge over the River Serio, you arrive at 
 Bergamo 30, miles from Brefcia. 
 
 BERGAMO. 
 
 THe City of Bergamo, is fo antient that its founders are not 
 known , yet lome averr they Were the Orobii which in greek 
 fignifies Inhabitants of the Mountains . Giovanni Annio of Viterba 
 with Giovanno Chrifejiomo Zancho ,.much labour to demonftrate and 
 prove the Antiquity of Bergamo , and wherefore fo named , by many 
 ethnologies of the word, as well in Greek, as in Hebrew, and in the 
 end conclude it to be thus called in Hebrew, which in Latin founds 
 lnonditorum clypeata civitas , vel Qallorum Regia Vrbs , qu£ a Greets Ar- 
 ehipolis , a recentioribus autem Latinis turn prmceps turn Ducalis Civitas 
 appellari folet. And a little further fay. Igitur Bergomum Kegalem vc 
 terum Gallorum urbem extitiff'e, nomen ipfkm manifejlijfimc docet. 
 
 Others are of opinion, that twasfirft built by the Tufcans, andaf- 
 terwardsreftored and enlarged by theGalli Cenomani: Its Country 
 towards the £^is plain, fertile, and productive of Fruit* On the 
 North and Vj'ejt, rugged, Mountainous, and barren. Tis rendred 
 a very ffrong City, by thofe thick walls which inviron it, andthofe 
 bulwarks, and other engins of War, which for its defence againft 
 Enemies the Venetians have erected. Tis fmall and feated on the 
 lide of the Mountains. It hath two Burroughs conjoyned with it, 
 where they have raifed ft ately edifices as well for Divine worfhip as 
 private Citizens habitations. Inoneof which is yeerly kept a Fayr 
 which begins on the day of Saint Bartolcmo, and continues for ma- 
 
 _ St 
 
Pare L 
 
 BRESCIA. 
 
 nydays, whither the vaft quantity of Merchandize invites as much 
 Peoplej as Italians, Germans, Grizons, and Switzcrs; The Ayr is 
 moft ferene there, and its Territory produceth fvveet wines Oyl 
 and many pieafant fruits. In fome places("for want of Land either fit 
 for tillage or Vines) the people employ themfelves in working 
 Woollen and Linnen Clothes, which they afterwards carry into 
 all parts of Italy. Their Language is very ruftick, but that renders 
 not the People fo, who are civil and ingenuous, and no lefs difpo> 
 led to Learning than Trade, whence it took the furname of Bergamo 
 the witty. 
 
 It hath produced many noble Wits , who by their excellent vir- 
 tues have added to its Lulbre: Whereof were Alberico cli Rofato,Do&or 
 of Laws,and Ambrogio Calep'ino, whofe works no ingenuous perfon 
 neglefts to have. Fryer Damiano i a conveititeof the order of Prea- 
 chers, was a man of fo great Ingenuity ( in cementing pieces of feve- 
 lal woods together, with fuch artifice, that they have been often 
 miftaken for Pictures drawn with a pencel .) that his fellow hath not 
 been known herein. Fryer raganoot the fameOrder s gave excel- 
 lent example of conftancy at his.death given him by the Hereticks. 
 Hence alfo, have iffued men of great Judgment and Counfel, to 
 govern the Republick , particularly of the Family of Forejii, with 
 many Cardinals } Prelates, and excellent Captains. 
 
 The firft Advancer of the Chriftian Religion in this City, was 
 Saint Barnabas, aDifcipleofCbrift, in the 25th. yter of our Salva- 
 tion j together with Anatolonc the : Greek, andCaio the Roman, gi- 
 ving it for Bilhop Narino one of its Citizens 3 who having governed 
 it with great fan&ity of Life and Religion for thirty yeers, deceafed, 
 and was there interred..: whoux.many holyBifhops from one to a- 
 nother have fucceeded. 
 
 IntheDomoof Bergamo, are 25. Bodies of Saints, kept with great 
 devotion. Where near the high Altar ftands the Sepulchre of Bar- 
 tolomeo CoLone,z famous Captain, and Citizen of it, with his Erfigii 
 es in Marble, which he caufed to be cut for him by the Life^the Epi- 
 taph whereoffollows. 
 
 Bartholomew Colleovns de Andegania virtute immertalitatem 
 adept us, ttfqueadco in re militdrifttit illujiris, & non modo tunc 
 viventium gloriam longe excejjerit , Jed etiam pojieris fpem 
 cnim citandi ade.merit , fjcpiur enim a diverfts Frineipibus, ac 
 deineeps db illujirifjimo Veneto Senatu accepto Imperio, tandem 
 totius chrijlianorum exercitus Jitb Taulo Secundo Tont. Max. 
 dele&usjnit imperator : Cujtts acies quatuordecim annos , ab 
 ejus obitujolojam defuntti Imperatoris , tanquam vivi nomine 
 miliiantis jujfa, enjus alias eontempferunt. 
 
 Obiit Anno Domini 1 47 5. quarto nonas Novembris. 
 
 In theChurch of Saint Agofiino is the Tomb of Fryer Ambrogio Cale- 
 pino, who with great diligence and induffry, collected all the Latin 
 words in a form approved by the graveft writers : whofe works are 
 known to all the World , being divulged where ever the Latine 
 Tongue is fpoken. 
 
 Be-gamo, together with its Burroughs,con tains a great number of 
 
 R Souls 
 
6% 
 
 Vale 
 Serin*. 
 
 Brombana 
 
 San ftUrtino 
 
 CdUpio 
 
 ChJufanth 
 
 Mtmca 
 
 Coim 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, ~PanTl 
 
 Souls: Above it ftands the Capella, or Chapel, a place ftrongbyits 
 fire upon a high Mountain , and by the moft impregnable Walls 
 wherewith it was encompafled by LuchinoVifconte Lord of Milam 
 and Bergamo : but at this time tis wholly abandoned and half ruina 
 ted, being found by experience of little ayd to the City when need 
 required : here at firft was layed a foundation For a Monaftery for the 
 Order of S. Dominic^ and a Chapel built, whence called Capello. 
 
 Bergamo was long time fubjeft to the Roman Empires after whofe 
 tall twas burnt by Attila $ then it was yoaked to the Longobardi, who 
 ftyled themfelves Dukes thereof j then reduced under the power 
 of Rings of Italy : and fo continued till the daies of F Hippo Tnrciano, 
 who became Lord thereof Anno 1264. After it was Subjugated by 
 Luchino the Vifcount. Then Majirno della Scalla made himfelf Lord 
 thereof. By whom fome time after twas fold to Tandc'fo Malatejla 
 for thirty thoufand Duckats of Gold. And after it had been fome 
 times occupied by the French, of its own accord it gave it felf to the 
 Venetian* , under whom it peaceably repofeth to this day. If farther 
 a nd more at large any one defires to be fatisfied in the hiffory of Ber- 
 gamo , let him read the book entitled, La Vigna di Bergamo. 
 
 Serio runs clofe by Bergamo t deriving its fource from thnfe Moun- 
 tains,between which towards the North are 6 vales. Thr-firfr isc?l- 
 \ed La vale Serianafaom the River Serios running through it, which 
 is well peopled, who by Tolomeo are called Beccunni. The fecond is 
 Vale Brombana, fo n amed from its vicinity with the Banks ol the Ri- 
 ver Brembo, each of which are extended for thirty miles long. The 
 third is Vale di San Martino, 1 5. miles long. Thefourrh, ValediCale- 
 pio^the fifth, Vale di ohiufontio } thefixth, Valdi Mancaj in which be- 
 tween Towns, Villages, and Hamlets , arenumbred 200. Inhabi- 
 ted places , of which the chief are Cahpio, Lever de Chinfonto^nd Ver- 
 tua s where they make excellent Woollen Clothes. On this fide the 
 Territory of Bergamo extends it felf 28. miles. Upon Calepio is the 
 ftrong Caftle Lenco t where a Bridge con joyns both the Banks of Ad+ 
 da. On the Weft Bergamo hath the City of Com , Monza , and the 
 Hills of Brianza, towards the Eaft Brefcia , and towards the South 
 Crema with the above-defcribed Places. Bergamo is accounted 32. 
 miles from Milan , having on the right hand the Rivers Brembo which 
 difchargeth it felf into the Adda, furtheron, near the Adda is the 
 well-foi tified Caftle of Trezzo , reared by Bernardo Vifcount of Mi- 
 Ian, Anno 1370. together with that artificial Bridge, which on the 
 left hand over the Adda difcovers it felf with the abovenamed Pla» 
 At twelve miles diftancefrom Bergamo ftands Colonica a fmall 
 
 ces 
 
 Village, where imbarking you psfs 20: miles in the Water and fo 
 ai riveat Milan. 
 
 CREMA. 
 
 THe Relation of this City fhould have been placed between the 
 narrations of brefcia and Bergamo, where in the fecond voyage ! 
 from Brefcia to Milan tis only briefly touched, but the Author ha- ! 
 ving found himfelf tardy , in omitting an account of thisefteemed 
 one of the prime Cities of Lombardy , apollogizeth for his placing ; 
 it here in the end ot this Book, and promifetha reformation in the j 
 next imprefs. 
 
Parti. 
 
 C R E M A. 
 
 Being then in the City of Brefcia, and going forth the Gate San 
 Nazario, after twenty miles travel you arrive at Orzi Nitovi : and ha- 
 ving part the River OgUo find the Caftle Soncino: and live miles more 
 forwards meets Romanengo, and fo many more the City Cre/*j jW hich 
 is fituated in the Eaji (bore of the River Scr/o, by which tis delicU 
 oufly wafhed j it lies in the Centre of fruitfull Lontbarcly , between 
 five illuftrious Cities, at thirty miles diftance from each, which en- 
 compafleitliAea Crown) whereof fhe may be termed theCrofs,that 
 is to fay, Milan, Bergamo, Brefcia, Cremona, and riacenzd, who affor- 
 ding it what it ftands in need of 5 and expending its iuperfluities, 
 concur in the rendring it a rich City, tis full of regard, and filled 
 with Merchandize and a haughty felf-conceited fort of men, but 
 better illuftrated by their gratious and loving Women, whoflou- 
 rifh , are free, and moft pompous in their array. It is adorned with 
 fumptuous and magnificent Fabricks, among which the moft con- 
 fpicuousarcthe publick Palace, the riazza and the Domo with ns 
 Tower (wherein is a large Bell) of fair and open A> chitecture , with 
 two regardfull Chapels , one dedicated to the bl?fled Virgin, all o- 
 ver garnifhed with excellent pidtures,the other to Saint Mark^ nolefs 
 beautified with gilt Images. Two other notable things this Chu; ch 
 owns, to wit, that Wooden crucifix , which in Anno 1448. was caff, 
 into the Fire by a certain man called Giovanni Alebmi, of the faction 
 of GibellinaBergamefca, which would not burn„ but is ftill prefer- 
 ved with the one fide a little fingedina particular Chapel, with 
 great Veneration, the other is a Key of SanBellino , which hath 
 the foretold miraculous curing virtue of fuch as arc bit by madd 
 Doggs. 
 
 lu the fame Church are conferved certain trophies of Banners,and 
 a Lanthern of .1 Gally,taken together with the Gaily in a Naval fight 
 againft the Turks, by a Preacher of the moft noble Family of Zurly , 
 during the fight, being fet at the head of the Gaily. Befides the a- 
 bove named Fabricks and things worth feeing in this City, two 
 Hofpitals are valuable. One for the infirm, the other for the decre- 
 pit and outcafts: the facred Mount of Piety is wellendowed,and 
 governed with great providence by the publick,to fupply the necef- 
 fities of the City and Country. 
 
 There is alfo a noble Academy for Students, who under the name 
 \oisofpinii, employ themfclvesin good exercifes with anjmpulfc of 
 generous^mulation. Diftant a quarter of a mile from the City ftands 
 (towards the Caftleja magnificent Temple of great devotion, named 
 Santa Maria delta Croce t of an admirable Structure , and adorned 
 with many rare Pictures: To this noble and fair City, though Lit- 
 tle (as little beft correfponds with little) belongsa fmall but moft 
 fertil Territory , wafhed all over with current and Chriftalline wa 
 ters, which affords the City good Fifh, asLobfters,Trouts,Gudge- 
 ons,and Eels, and the Country an enriching of their foyl by over- 
 flowings, whereby it yeelds great plenty of Corn and Grafs, the firft 
 whereor they have for their own ufe and other Cities , and with the 
 fecond they make incomparable cheefe. 
 
 But that wherewith it moft abounds is Flax,which after made into 
 the fineft Drapery is fpent all over Italy. 
 
 In its tcrritories.though fmall, are contained fifty four Villages, 
 
 R 2 and 
 
6\ 
 
 The Hiflory of IT ALT, Part l.j 
 
 and Towns, the chief whereof are, Monte dine , Stanengo^camifano 
 Tetrore, Vaiano, Bagnelo, Madegnano , being all moft populous. 
 
 TheOriginal of this City, was taken from its fituation , for be- 
 ing invironed then with the three Rivers, Ada, Oglio and Serio, it 
 was veryftrong, and that ftrength as is believed invited many no- 
 ble men of the neighbouring Cities ("in the time of the Wars of Albo- 
 nio King of the Longobards)to retire themfelves thither , and from 
 Crwete one of the chief of thofe Nobles it took its name. For Forty 
 yeers it maintained it felfin liberty, but thenfhe with the other 
 Cities of Italy fullered fhipwrack , being by the Longobards , Freds- 
 rkk.BarbaroJJaznd others, many times, taken, burnt, facked, and 
 deftroyed, and fubjugatedfometiines to the Emperors, fometimes 
 to the French, and fometimes to the Germans. But nowtisgovef 
 ned by the moft Serene Republick of Venice under whom it hath the 
 privilege to keep every yeer a Fair beginning at the end of September 
 being frequented with innumerable concourfe of People, divers 
 Merchandizes and Commodities, and great ftoreof Cattle of all 
 forts. 
 
 It ever was the Mother of illuftriousperfons, as well learned in 
 all the fciences,as famous Captains, eminent Engineers , Generals of 
 Armies, writers of Hiftories, as well Moral as Divine, Prelates of 
 the greateft Negotiations,and Cardinals, fome whereof have poffef- 
 fed the Pontifkial Ghayr. 
 
 MIL AN the great. 
 
 Milan was an antient and illuftrious City, and for a longtime 
 (through its beauty remained an imperial Seat. jBehind its 
 moulders rife thofe Mountains which feparate Italy. Before it is a 
 long and fpatious Plain which extending it felf above 200. miles, 
 reacheth the Church lands between Rimio and Tefaro on the one fide, 
 and Ijiria and ofia, on the other fide. Whereof rolibim writes thus. 
 There is a plain, between the Alps and the Apennines of a triangular 
 Forn, wherein are pleafant Fields above all the Fie Ids not only of 
 Italy b ut all Europe. Of which Triangle jthe Apennines form one fide, 
 i the Alps another, and the AdriaticJ{Se& or Gulf of fc«/ce(asit were 
 the ban's to the other two J makes up the third fide* 
 
 And although Milan was heretofore a fmall Town, it wasnever- 
 thelefs much aggrandized and amplified by BelovefeKing of the Galls, 
 having environed it with a Wall 24. foot broad, and 64 feet 
 high, which compaffed in all the Streets and round of the City : in 
 which Wall were raifed 130. Bulwarks, and Towers of immenfe 
 bignefs and heighth, which had fix principal Gates. This was effect- 
 ed 270 yeers before Brenta King of the Scnoni, fell down into Italy, 
 who threw down and levelled it with the Foundations. But the 
 Roman Senate having reftored it to its firft form and beauty, and be- 
 ing iDcreafed in Riches and People, Attila King of the Hunns defen- 
 ding into italy 9 ruined it once more. 
 
 Afterwards, twas again rebuilt by the Arch-Bifhop Eufcbius, 
 rearing the Wall again, and re-edifying the ruinated Building.And 
 one hundred yeers after, that is in Anno Salutis 577. the Goths exer- 
 cifedfo great cruelty towards the Milanefi > that after they had caff 
 
 down 
 
PartL 
 
 MILAN* 
 
 down the Walls j and Edifices, they in one day flew thirty thou- 
 fand Citizens. 
 
 This City was likewife ill treated byErimberto Brother of the King 
 oi Franc e % and by Federkk_BarbaroJ]a the Emperor: who within 
 tendtnentor.its perpetual defolation ploughed 8cfowed it wth. fait, 
 but being afterwards reconciled to the Citizens, he reftored it to 
 its former beauty , encompafling it round with a wall , wherein 
 were fet out fix principal Gates.- At which time^viz. in the 1177. 
 year, the circuit of it was fix miles without thefuburbs, but now 
 there is a Wall drawn round, which comprehends therein the Su- 
 buibsalfo, which was done by Gonzaga Lieutenant of the Emperor 
 charts the 5th. and is in circumference ten miles, having very deep 
 Foffes or Ditches, and ten Gates. 
 
 This City, before the coming of Hellovefo, asisaforeftid , was but 
 a Town called Subria built by the litjcans , then Btllovejo coming 
 frooiGallia, beat out the Tufcans, aggrandized and much beautified 
 the Town: As to the name Mediolano > as formerly called, diverfe 
 are the opinions, fome fay twas fo called for that it was feated be- 
 tween two R.ivers,the Adda, and theTeJino. Others fav, that name 
 wasirrtpofedonit by hellovejo by the command of the Gods, giving 
 him to underftand, that he mould build a City where he fhould find 
 a Farrowing Sow, half black and half white,with Wool between her 
 (houlders .• Whence finding fuch a Sow in that place, and eft< eming 
 it a good augure and pr«fage,he built it, naming it Alediolana. .as much 
 as to fay, Meza Lana 3 or half Wool, in remembrance of which thing 
 we find in a Marble over the Gate of the Palace of Merchants the 
 lhapeand figure of the hid Scrofa or Farrowing Sow. 
 
 The Galls kept the Dominion of this City, a long time, under Bel- 
 lovefo and his 3ucceffor9 , till they were beaten out by the Romans , 
 who fub jefted it for a great while to them , under whom it augmen- 
 ted in 1 iches and People, chiefly under the Emperors as well Greek 
 as Latine , fome whereof much delighted to refide there, invited 
 thereto by the beauty of the place, and the comodioufnefs of ma- 
 naging theWars againft the French and Germans^ neceffity required. 
 It fo much humoured Trajan , the Emperor,that he there built that 
 proud Palace which tothis day retains his memory. 
 
 Adrian , Majfimiman, Hercules, Filippo a Chriftian Emperor , Con- 
 Jiantine, Conftanzo, Theodojio, with many other Emperors,d welt there, 
 left moft ftately Edifices, and caufed four Wi-draughts or Common 
 (hores to be dugg,which continue to this day. Afterwards it became 
 fubject to the Goths, and to the Longobards , who being f driven out 
 by charls the great , it came under the power of the Emperors. In 
 which time Contado Suevio beiog Emperor, it began to take boldnefs 
 and afpire to Liberty^ when Juftice was adminift red by the Captains 
 and other Officers elected by the People uniting with them the Pri- 
 mate or Arch-Bifhop of the City,by 1 he Peoples election : In which 
 time great difcord arifing between the Nobility and Plebeians , and 
 thereby governing themfelves very ill, they to prevent thofe difor- 
 ders put themfelves under the power of thofeof Torre , afterwards 
 to the Vifconti , who a great fpace kept the Dominion, whom the 
 .?/br£e/i/j/fucceeded,them the French t andlaftof all the houfe of ^»- 
 ftri.i obtained it, and keep it to this day in good peace and tran- 
 quillity. S Milan 
 
 61 
 
66 
 
 TheHiftory of IT A LT^ Part I 
 
 Milan lies under the fixth Climate or Degree, which affords it a 
 great benignity of the skies , yet the Ayr is fomewhat thick. Cha- 
 nels of water environ both the Gity and Suburbs, upon which by 
 Barks they conveigh great abundance of goods and provisions of all 
 forts. In truth tis a wonderfull thing to behold the great plenty of 
 all things, for thelifeorneceffity of Man, which are there, and tis 
 held tor certain, that in no other part of £«rtf/>e . there is fo great 
 provifion for the Belly, nor at lefs price, than is here: whence the 
 Proverb is taken Solo in Milanoji m/tngia. For whereas in other Cities 
 one finds not above three piazzaes at moft, where are kept fueh pub- 
 lick Markets, in Milan there are a hundred, whereof 21. are prin- 
 cipal , which every fourth day of the week are vaftly laden with all 
 forts of Provifions : For wines they chiefly have Vernaccicof toont- 
 fcrrat, and the Wines of Brianza fomuch fpoken of: Moreover for 
 ifut it is the Centre of Lombardi , hither they tranfport infinite 
 quantities of Merchandize , from Germany , France, Spain , and 
 Geneva. 
 
 Tisfeated in a wide Plain , having about it green hills , delight- 
 full Meadows, navigable Rivers and Lakes, which furnifh them with 
 delicate Fifli. In fumm,this Country affords in moft plentifull mea- 
 fure whatfoever can bedefired. Tisfo thronged with Artizans of 
 all forts,that the vulgar proverb goes. 
 
 Chi volcjfe rajjettare Italia rovinarebbe Mdano 
 
 But the chief of them are Gold-Smiths, Armourers, Gun^makers, 
 and Weavers, who here exceed in thefe particulars, and in works 
 of Chriftal,either Venice or any other part of Italy-, the Nunns work 
 here likewife moft exaft and neat curiofities in ftraw works. It a- 
 bounds likewife with moft magnificent and Stately Palaces, among 
 which the ftupendious Palace ofromajo Marini(h\x\\t with fovaft ex- 
 pence and Artifice, that whoever beholds it ftands amazed) fhines 
 like the Moon among the Starrs. 
 
 The Cattle of Porta Zobbia, named among the chief of Europe, both 
 for its fite, greatnefs, beauty, and its plenty of Artiglery , Arms,and 
 Ammunition, is fo impregnable? that hitherto twas never taken by 
 force,but through failer of provifions and Famine it hath been yeel- 
 ded up. This Fort may be compared to an indifferent City , for 
 within it are ftreets, Piazzaes, Palaces, Shops for Gold- Smiths,and 
 all other Trades whatfoever , together with all forts of Vi&uals and 
 other provifion in time of War, as well as Peace. Immenfe Bajiions , 
 with three large profound Dykes, environ it, through which run 
 great Chanels of Water , with a moft vaft Wall , and fpatious Ram- 
 parrs, under which they walk byaclofe way made to that pur- 
 pofe. Upon the Battlements and through the Porteholes up and 
 down, are drawn out great Mouths of Cannon , and other pieces of 
 Artiglery fet upon Iron Carriages, fome whereof fhoot Bullets of 
 800. pound weight , with fuch force that no obftacle can withftand 
 them •-, It hath one place to lay up, and difpofe the Arms in a Ca- 
 pacious A rcenal, replenifht with infinite Arms of all forts both for 
 Offence and Defence. The Tower in the midft of it, isofafquare 
 form, and is in circuitfnot reckoning the Towers which one may 
 
 call 
 
Parti. 
 
 MILAN. 
 
 call little Forts) 200. paces. The whole Caftle or Fort is 1600 .paces 
 incircumference,befides the Trenches. In fine tis accounted by all 
 Iogineei s the faireft and ftrongeft fortification ot Europe. They un» 
 willingly admit any Stranger to fee the out- works, much lefs the in- 
 teriour parts. 
 
 Itabounds with rare and excellent Pictures, among others there 
 is one upon the Front of a Palace near the Fort, wherein are painted 
 the Acts of the Romans , by the hand of Trofo da Monz,a i fo divinely, 
 that tisimpoffible to add to it. The Images are done lo exact to the 
 life and To natural , that all thebeholders reft aftonifht , and expect 
 fpeech'rom thofe inanimate (but feeming breathing,and movingj 
 Pictures. 
 
 To fay no more , Art here bath overcome Nature. Towards the 
 Gate Beatrice, is the Front ot another Palace (of the Lituadi^ painted 
 io rarely well by the hand of Eremitano, that italmoft fafcinates the 
 eyes of the Afpicients. And at the Gate 1ofa i ftands an admirable Sta* 
 tue ma*le to the middle, at the Publick coft, in remembrance of a 
 Strumpet , who principally caufed Milan to gain its Liberty. 
 
 Milan from the death of Bellovejb continued ever head of the adja- 
 cent Countrey , which made the antient Emperors to fend thither a 
 Lieutenant with title ot Count of Italy 9 who alfo was Captain Gene- 
 ral of the Empire, and remained there with Confular authority,and 
 Captain ol their Armies, that he might bridle the Fury, and (hut 
 up the paflage from the Inroads into Italy of the Vltramontaneous 
 People. 
 
 Such is the wholfomnefs of theAyr ; the Beauty of the Country, 
 aud Copioufnefs of iuftenance, that it hath tempted many Princes 
 (defirous to reft quiet) to make this their Retreat , and Ajylum, as al- 
 io many other great Men that they might the more commodioutly 
 apply them felves to the Study of Learning.- Of which were VirgH y 
 Ahpius , Saint Augujiitie^ Hermolao Barbara, Merula, Francefco Filelfo, 
 Celio Redigino, Alexander the fixth, and Tious the fourth Popes. And 
 although too often this City was thrown down to the very founda- 
 tions, and at laft furrowed with the plough of the Enemies, yet it 
 ever revived again, and that with more beauty and Splendor than 
 atfirft, increafing ftillfo much in Riches and People, that it ever 
 kept a place among the chief Cities of Italy. 
 
 Near the Church SanSalavdo re, thereftooda proud Palace of the 
 Emperors , with a Temple dedicated to Jupiter , made in emulation 
 of the Campidoglio at Rome-, and where now the Counfel is kept, was 
 the Palace for Juftice 5 where alfo the Proclamations of the Dukes 
 were accuftomed to be publickly read, and the due punifhments ex. 
 ecuted on Malefactors. There was alfo a Theatre to prefent Come- 
 dies, a place for Horfe-races,and a large Circle where now is Santa 
 Maria Maggiore. The Garden near San steffatto , was an Amphithea- 
 tre, where they accuftomed to fight Duels. The Church of San Na- 
 zario was an old Prifon, where they condemned Malefactors to fight 
 with the wild Beafts there prefcrved to that end in great number, 
 
 The Common Field was then a Theatre, where the young men 
 exercifecithemfelves in taming and manning ofHorfes,and fighting. 
 Where the Cathedral Church is, was a place with Stalls many waies 
 where they made theirFeafts to their Heroes andHoufholdGods.The 
 
 S 2 Stalls 
 
 67 
 
<$S TheHifloryof IT ALT, Van I . 
 
 Stalls now for theCattel, then was a pleafant Garden , beautified 
 and planted with many Fruit trees and plants brought from far 
 Countries $ great ftore of odoriferous flowers 5 Rivolets of Cbriftal- 
 liue waters, Statues and Sculptures of Marble. Where the Church 
 of San Lorenzo ftands now, were the hot Baths of Maximinian , Nero, 
 and Nerva, the Emperors, nothing rnferiour to them at Rome. 
 
 Befides which antiquities, there yet is preferved a ftately Armo- 
 ry in the Palace, replenifhed with moft noble Arms, worthy any 
 Prince for the value and fairnefs, being not onely inlayed with Gold 
 and Silver, but engraven with greateft Coft and Workmanfhip; 
 wheie now is the Church San Lor e nzo , was a Temple dedicated to 
 Hercu'es , made in the form of the Rotunda at Rome, near which were 
 ereftedi6. Marble Pillars , and upon them a Palace for the Empe- 
 rours, part whereof was ruined by fire , the reft by time, nothing 
 but the Pillars remaining All this Fabrick was raifedby Maximinian 
 Hercules , who ordained the Town (bouki be no more called Mihno, 
 but Herculeo. At one end of thofe Pillars is this infeription put in. 
 
 Imp. G£)ari L. Anrelio vero Aug. Arminiaco Medico Tarthico Max. 
 Trib.Pot. VII. Imp. lUl. Cos. III. PP. Divi Antomni Pji. Divi 
 Hadriani Nepoti.Divi Trajani Parthici, Pronepoti Divi Nerv£. 
 Apnepoti 
 Dec. Dec. 
 
 This Milan was alwaies a potent City, whence we read that it ma- 
 ny times made oppofition to the Romans, and often fought the Goths 
 and other Barbarous People, and alfo againft both the Federicks the 
 firft and fecond Emperours, obtaining a moft glorious vi&ory: It 
 fubje&ed to it Navara , Bergamo, Pavia.Como,Lodi-> and Tortona, and 
 freed Gcnoua from the hands of the Moors, The Romans were wont 
 to fay. 
 
 gni mijeram citius enpiunt effundere vitam, 
 Mcdiolanum adeant , gens ea duranimis. 
 
 It was fomuch prized by the adjacent Countreys( that it being 
 ruined by tederick^BarbaroJJ'a the Emperor) Cremona, Verona, Piacenza, 
 advifed how to reftoreit at their own coft and charges,and in all 
 times twas very populous. 
 
 It received the light of the Faith from S: Barnabas, fent thither 
 from Saint Peetre, who thenrefided mAntiochia, which was in the 
 46. year after the coming of our Saviour , where he fubftituted for 
 Bifhop^/wf <*/<?#<.' the Greek his Difciple , whom in procefs of time 
 fucceeded many holy Bifhops 5 among others that glorious pillar of 
 the Church Saint Ambrofe the moft renowned Doctour 5 who finding 
 the Bodies of San Gervafo and Protafo the Martyrs, caufed that 
 Church to be built which is now called San Ambrogio. This was the 
 Cathedral Church , where is feen the true effigies of the brazen Sen 
 pent made by Mofes , brought hither by Iheudofius the Emperor,as 
 alfo the effigies of San Bernardo upon a Pillar, who in this Church 
 faid Mafs v preached and wrought miracles. Likewifeafumptuous 
 Sepulchre wherein lies Lewis the fecond Emperour , and Pepin King 
 
 of, 
 
Par ti, MILAN. 
 
 of Italy both Sons of Churls the great , there under the AJ tar within 
 a deep Pit locked with four Gates of Iron, is kept with great reve- 
 rence the bodyofSaint^/wW/Cjanda book writ with his own hand: 
 Angelberto of the illuftrious Family ofrujlcriy in the time of Charts -he 
 Great, being Arch Bifhop. The Ewperor gave to this Altar a noble 
 Pall, embroidered with Saints and Angels, in 20. feveral Squares 
 in the midft whereof is the Saviour of the World, as he role from 
 the dead, upon whofe head is a Diamond fet round with geuamesof 
 inertimable valew. On both fides of which Altar are four other I- 
 01 ages of Saints, in the middle is a Grofs. The Vefts are all over 
 befet with many pearls and pretious Hones } behind the Altar is ano- 
 ther Crofs of filver two Cubits high, and one 6k an half broad 3 where 
 are 23. figures of Saints of embofTed work 5 This fo fftipendiaus 
 work colt in thofe days 28000. Scudaes 5 and is now worth 1 00000. 
 Volvinio the excellent Sculptor of thole times was the Artificer of 
 it. Samt Ambroje flood at the Gate of this Church, when heex- 
 comunica cd '//>e^/<?/7#/ the Emperor, commanding him not to en- 
 ter therein. Contiguous with it is a noble and ftately Monaftery of 
 the Fryers Celeftines. At the iffui »g out oi Saint Ambrogio, is a poor 
 Chapel in a blind corner with a Weli, where Saint Ambrofs baptized 
 Saint Avguftine : and tisknown, that this was the way, whichSiint 
 Augujkne^and Saint Ambrofe took hand in hand to give thanks to God 
 in SanGcrvafo, for the holy Bapufm received, finging^e Devtit Lau. 
 damus,^ the Infcription teftifieth. 
 
 Hicbeatus Ambrofius babtizat Augujiinum, Deodatum t & Al/ppum, 
 hie beatw Ambrofius incipit te Denrn laudamus . A»gujhnusjequitHr 
 Te dcutn cenfitentur. 
 
 The meannefs of the place makes it moft credible to be true, the 
 name 0$ C arolusBorom£ut a Council of Trent Saint, highly cryed ur> at 
 Milan , having too much extinguifht the memory and efteem of that 
 learned Father. 
 
 The Church of Santa Tecla y is replete with holy Reliques^here reffs 
 Saint Ambrofe, and among other Reliquesa Nayl which was fixed 
 and drove through a member of the Body of onr Lord and Saviour 
 Jefus Chrift into the Wooden Crofs whereon he was crucifyed,by 
 the wicked Jewes,wch- was beftowed on it bylheodojius theEtnperor: 
 This is the antienteft Temple of Milan, and was firft confecrated to 
 the Saviour, after to the Virgin Mary, andlaftly toTecla, but anti- 
 entlymany yeers before the coming of the Meffiias, they fay there 
 flood a moft famous Temple of Minerva , where fas Tolybius averrs) 
 this goddefs was adored and reverenced with the greateftand moft 
 particular devotion, whence many fuppofe this Ciry took its name, 
 for that in the antient Celtique andGerman tongues Magdalant uVni- 
 fies the Land or Country of a Virgin, which opinion is likewife con- 
 fimed by Andrea Alciatol. C, ,A veritable Author in all the fciences, 
 who in his Emblems wrk this Epigram. 
 
 T §ntam 
 
7° 
 
 TheHiftory oilTALT, Part I 
 
 G)uam Mediolamm facram dixerepuelU 
 
 Terrain , nam vetttt hoc Gailica lingua fonat, 
 Culta c Minerva fait, nunc efi % ubi nomine Tecla 
 Mntato, Matris Virginis ante Domum. 
 
 Santa Maria della Scala ', was founded by Regina , Wife of the yif- 
 conte: and en joyned to be fo called, becaufe (he defcended from the 
 Family of the Scalaes of Verona. It ftands where was antiently the 
 Palace of the lurriani: And where the Church of Saint Dionigais 
 ftood in old time a Dragon , which then greatly afflicted the Coum 
 try and deftroyed many, at laft he was flain by Vmberto Angiere t who 
 was thereupon created Vifcont. 
 
 There are two Chapels in the Church of Saint Mark,, in one 
 whereof is the moft excellent Pictures of Lomazzo , containing in 
 one the Apoftles, Prophets, Sibils, and many other pourtraies : In 
 the other the fall of Simon Magus from Heaven , which it repre- 
 fenr,as moft horrible fpectacle. 
 
 The Church of San Nazario , contains certain proud Tombs of 
 the illuftrious Lords, the Trivultii chiefly that of Ciacomo , of whom 
 may be truly faid: He that never was quiet lies ftill here.-Near this 
 Church they (hew aredftone, which they term the holy Stone, 
 wherein are cut the victories, and trophies which Saint Ambrof'e glo 
 rioufly obtained upon the Arrians, in memory whereof, to him was 
 erected a Statue at the Gate Vico. The Church of S. Fedele, is admi- 
 rable, no lefs for its beauty, than for the Architecture of 
 Pellegrino. 
 
 The Church of San Paola and San Barnabas i for the Nuns is moft 
 noble, where was fuft founded the Order of the refo r med Priefts of 
 the beheaded Saint John: They have one rare crofs cut by Bra- 
 mantino. 
 
 The Church of Santa Rofa 3 is for the preaching Fryers 3 who have 
 the keeping of the holy Rofarie- 
 
 In the magnificent Temple of San Gottardo, are excellently drawn 
 the effigies of the Vifcontc, where ly buried Azzone Vifconte, and Gio 
 Maria the fecond Duke. Its beautified with a ftupendiousBehry, 
 and a fair Garden. 
 
 The Church of Saint Enjlorgio the Bifhop, fhewes a ftately and 
 fumptuous Sepulcher , wherein ly the bones of San Pietro the Mar- 
 tyr. A rich Tabernacle where is kept the head of Saint Eujiorgio, and 
 the Tomb of the three Magi, with this infeription. Sepnlchrum Tri- 
 urn Magorum^where lay the Bodies of thofe Magi, which were brought 
 hither by Saint Eujiorgio, in Anno 330. when he came laft out of the 
 Eafti but many yeers after, this City being deftroyed byFedrick. 
 Barbarojja, in Anno 1163. Thefe Bodies were conveyed to Colonia 
 Agrippina by Rodolphns the Arch- Bifhop , now they keep in that Se» 
 pulcher, the Body of Eujiorgio with many reliques of other Saints, 
 Martyrd there for the Faith of Chrift* Here alfoare kept the Afbes 
 of many noble Milanefians t inter alia of Matteo Vifconte firft Duke of 
 Milan , and of Gio Merula a moft Learned Man , who was interred 
 with geeat pomp in the time of Ludovico Sforzz, with this Epitaph 
 on his Tomb. 
 
 Vixi 
 
IPartl. 
 
 MILAN. 
 
 7 l 
 
 Vixi ' aliis inter fpinas mundique procellas. 
 A T ««c fofpes celo Morula vivo mi hi. 
 
 Over theGate of the Convent of the preaching Fryers(from whom 
 many excellent Theologians have ifl'ued) is placed the Pulpit, whtreia 
 Saint Petre the Martyr being preaching to the People at noon day in 
 Midfumme*,obta\ne& by hisMerits andtheinftanceofhis Prayers,that 
 a Cloud hung over the Auditors in manner ofan Vmbrella preferving 
 them from that intollerable heat , near the faid Church gufheth out 
 the fountain of Saint Barnabas , where though an unpolimed place, 
 he baptized and faid Mafs 9 of which water, who drinks is immediatly 
 delivered from the malignity of any Feaver. 
 
 The Temple of S. Lorenzo, formerly dedicated to Herode, was 
 much more fumptuous than the abovenamed Churches, which in 
 thcyeerio85. being in great part burnt, received great damage in 
 the Mofaick of Gold, and in the deftrudt ion of many Brafs figures 
 about the Pillars. 
 
 The royal Church of Saint Aquilino founded by rlacida, Sifter of 
 Hononus the Emperor, and wife to Conjiantine, fheweson its Front / 
 fair Marble Colums, and within ?s noble Pillars of Porphiry. In the 
 Church ofstephano was flain with many ftabs the Duke Caleazzo Ma- 
 ria sforzo. In S. Giovanni lies the Tomb of Bamako Vifconie Prince of 
 Milan. 
 
 I he Church of S. Statiro and Celfo, isproud oftheexcellingCe- 
 nius and Architecture of Bramante , the Limner of Vrbin, in many 
 works he wrought there } The Front of that of Saint Mary, of its ex- 
 cellent Statues wrought with fomuchart s that all conclude it im- 
 poffible to equal them.- and that of the Peace or Pace of its rare 
 painting of thehiftory of the blciled Virgin and her Father by the 
 hand of Gaudentitts , and moreover the Virgin her felf painted by 
 MarcoVglono the Painter, which ftand near the Crofs, and lively ex- 
 prefletha real fojrow. 
 
 In the Church of Saint Francis, is a Tablet of the conception,to- 
 gether with Saint Gio, the Raptift, a Child adoring our Lord, fo well 
 done by the hand of Vincio , that they cannot be paralleled. In the 
 Church della Pajjicne, is a ft upendious piece of the celebration of the 
 laftSupper, whereistruly reprefented the amazement of the Apo- 
 ftles, by ChriJioferoCibo. 
 
 In the Church delle Gratie, founded by Germano Rufca, and aggran- 
 dized by Ludovico Sforza,\s painted inaTablet thePicf ure of our Lord 
 crowned withThorns>byTz7/tf# the worthy of eternal memory,about 
 theCupula are Angels formed by Gaudentius, whofe veftments are 
 rarely wrought, and in another place Sain Paul painted, writing 
 and contemplating, Herein lies buried Beatrice the Dutches, fo 
 well beloved by Ludovico her Husband , that he vowed never to fit 
 at table again at eating, and lived fo a yeer about: One Epitaph 
 over the Gate of the Cloyffers, artificially made , fhall be here in- 
 fer ted. 
 
 Infelix partus, amijja ante vita, quam in lucem ederet\ ittfelicior, qttod 
 ntatri moriens vitam ademi^ & parentem conforte jua orbavi'^ in 
 
 tarn 
 
7^ 
 
 The Hiflory of IT A L T 9 Part I. 
 
 tarn adverjo fato, hocfolummihipoteftjucHndHmej]e i quod Divi pa- 
 rentes ne Ludovicus& Beatrix Medtolanen. Duces genuere t i^j . 
 tertio Non. lanuarii. 
 
 In this Church lies Giovanni Simonctta, who wrote thehiftoryof 
 the sforzeschi , and Giulio Camil/o a molt Leained Man, whoieEpi 
 taph, placed on another dooroftheCloyfters, followed 
 
 hiVio Cumillo I'iro ad omnia omnium Jcieniiartwtfenfa mirifnavt trnenda, 
 & adfcientias ipfam infuum ordinem apte ccnjiiiuendas natftra mire 
 fa&o , qui apud Dominicum Sauliu.vt idibuf Mail ■ ; repem irio 
 mortuus cor.cidtt. Domini ens Saulius amico dejfderatijjimo poj hit. 
 
 Which Church is pofTefTed by the preaching Fathers, with a 
 (lately Convent, to be reckoned one of the chier of Furopc, forlarg. 
 riefs and beatfty of building and the number of theleurn I ndbeft 
 Fathers, which that Order enjoys, where thdy (hew in a refedory 
 the Picture of our Saviour with the A pottles at the h' ;.. , 
 drawn by LeonarduVinci with iuch vivacity andSpirit that they ftem 
 to move , and be ienfible of the pailions of Love, Sonow, Joy, ad- 
 miration, Sufpition, &c. particularly in the Faceoi : Judas one fees 
 expreft that Treafon , which he had conceived in his mind; Leonardo 
 Vihci^ having compleated all the h poll les, not wanting more to its 
 finiihingthan the vifage of our Savionr , it happened . . h cot Id 
 never accompliih it , hecaufe he had exprefied fo great beauty a id 
 glory in the Faces of Saint James the greater and the iefs, tha be had 
 lef: no poffibility for his fancy to dn w any thing beyond them .- 
 Whence pondriugtheimpoffibility oftne thing, he refold I :ocon- 
 fult with Bernardo Zenale another Worthy Painter of thofe t-me^who 
 its reported made him this anfwer This Picture hath -KeErrour 
 which God only can rectifie, for tis not imaginable that thou or any- 
 other Painter in the World can exprefs more gra ce and Majefty,than 
 thou halt prefented in the one and t'other James , wherefore leav s it 
 as tis } Lonardo did lb, as appears at this day , yet not fo demon ftra- 
 ble,bec.2ufe time hath in part defaced the glory of thofe Facts. There 
 alfoarethe effigies ot Lodovico, Beatrice , and both their Sonsafter- 
 wards Dukes, Maffiminiano^ and Francefro. In the Church ot S. vit- 
 torie of the Fryers of the Mount of Olives, is feen a Saint George, 
 giving death to the Serpent , wrought by Raffaeloi Vrbino . 
 
 The great aud fumptuous Domo or Cathedral , was founded with 
 infinite expence by the DukeGiovan Galeazzo, buiit withftichin- 
 duftry, thatforits greatoefsand Architecture, thepreti ufaefsof 
 the Marbles and wo? kmanfhip, few Temples of the World c^n be 
 paralleled unto it. Tis all of white Marble , and about it are 500. 
 Statues of the fame. Its length from Eaft to Weft is 250 Cubit?, and 
 breadth 130. It hath fix Cupolaes, one 80. cubits high, two 50. a' 
 nother forty, and the others 30. The four Pilaftres of the greater 
 Cupola nreq 2 cubisdiftant one from t'other} It hath three propor- 
 tionated Ifks with five gates in the front , the Cafements, and Ar- 
 ches are of a Pyramid form, the Iron Bars which fuftain this great 
 \vork 3 are fo hugely bigg , that the Archite&ors of Charles the fifth 
 
 >eholding them from the ground were amazed at them ; 
 
 Among the 
 other) 
 
Parti. 
 
 MILAN. 
 
 other Statues, there are two moft ftupedious, the one of AdatH, 
 the other of S. BartolonteoBleaed , divinely carved by chrifiopher Cibo, 
 in one of which may be clearly difcerned the whole Anatomy of 
 Man, which is unparalleld. It hath two great Organs, in one of 
 which frauds David the Prophet , playing on the Symbal before t he 
 Ark , wrought with great artifice by Giojejfo of Monza. It hath two 
 noble Veftries, wherein they preferve their Veftments, rich Orna- 
 ments, and Veilels given them by Arch-Bifhops, and Dukes, with 
 many idiques of Saints. It hath befides a Irately chorus-, where the 
 Dukes of Milan are intombedj and before the great Altar /lands the 
 Grave of Gardinal Carlo Borromeo 3 whole fanctity of Life, and the 
 form of good living , prefcribed by him to others, hath raifed this 
 opinion ) that his Soul afcended immediately out of his Body into 
 Heaven : In another part is the Tomb of Giammo Medici , Mar que s 
 ot Melignano, a Captain of great valour, and hi? ftatue with h Jsna. 
 tural Vifage, and Military habit in Brafs, made by Leone Aretino. In 
 thisChurch they reverently keep alfocne of the Nay Is wherewith our 
 Saviour was nayled to the Crofs , given by iheodojitis the 
 Emperor. 
 
 Among the other pious places,is the great Hofpital of Milan 3 pra\f- 
 able, feated in an Ifland , and invironed with Columns, and Por- 
 chef, tis 600. rods about, 150. of a fide 5 Tis divided into four 
 moft capacious appartments, having underneath many little Shops 
 made on purpofe for the workers, employed for the uie of the 
 Hofpitals. - In the middle walk are 112. Beds for fickperfons, all 
 hung with Curtains, equally diftant one from another, and accom- 
 modated in fuch manner , that at the faying of Mafs all may hear. 
 Its revenue is 50000. Crowns, fomtimes exceeds 90000. Crowns 
 per. Ann. It maintains 4000. Souls, and for its noble Structure may 
 be fit for the greateft Prince. Five miles out of Milan on thr Road of 
 Come* is xheLazuretto of Saint George,(ior the infecled of the Plague) 
 which edifice is four-fquared, 1800 yards in circuit, round it runs 
 a Channel, and within it are infinite beds with fufheient provifion 
 of all neceflaries. 
 
 In this City are many Noble, Lordly, and magnificent Families , 
 among others the Ancient houfeof the Pujiiirley , the Turriani, who 
 came from Valle Sajfiuo, and fometime governed here, from this Fa- 
 mily came Matteo'Iurriano , who being Captain for Conradm the fe* 
 cond Emperour, in Arabia againft the Moors, was taken Prifoner, 
 and Martyrd for the Faith of Chrift. The Vifiont/ 9 as fome fay,were 
 defcended from the Trojani 3 who built Angtera, near the Lake Mag. 
 giore, which City they long poffefled , when being the moft potent 
 Family in Lombardy, Matteo Fife onte was conftituted imperial Vicar 
 of Milan, and all Lombardy^ and permitted to carry the Eagle in his 
 enfignes. Others fay this Family had its original from the Kings of 
 the Longobards, Be it as twill, twelve Princes of the Vifconti held the 
 dominion of Milan 170. years Under Duke John Galleazzojt comman- 
 ded 29. Cities befides Lumbardy, among others Genoua, Belogna^Vifa, 
 Belluno , and Trento. From the illuftrious Family of Sforzaer have 
 defcended fix Dukes of Milan, Cardinals, Queens, andoneEmprefs. 
 And befides the aforenamed, the Families of the Trivultii, Biraghi, 
 Medici t Rnfchi, Mezenti, Bezzozzi, and others are of Milan. 
 
 U It 
 
7+ 
 
 The Hiflory oilT ALT, Part 1 
 
 It produced 4. Popes, Vrbanihe third s Celejiine the fourth, Tius 
 the fourth, and Gregory the 14th. Two Emperors, Didius Julianns, 
 and Maximinianus herculeus, who built the Uercokan hot Baths,and 
 here in Milan depofed arid quit the Emperial Diademmej as arfo Fir* 
 gmius Rttfuf i thrice Conful, with many Cardinals, Bifhops, Saints , 
 with eminent Scholars in alleges, as SalvioGiuliano 3 Grandfire to 
 Giuliaro the Emperor, Taulo Eleazarno, Gwan Lignano , Giafonedel 
 Jldaino , Filippo Deno s Andrea. Alciato 3 Marco AiaJJimo the H iftorian,and 
 A ftrologer/ erilio the Comtek? oet, the Cardinal Paulo Emilio Sfronda- 
 to Nephew of Pope Gregory the 14. aperfon worthy ol rnuchpraife, 
 for his goodnefsand integrity of life. 
 
 The Arch Bifhop >of Milan hath the Title of Prince, and hatha 
 long time enjoyed the primacy thereof: Its Jurifdicrion extended it 
 fell heretofore to Cttttma^Bologvo^ and lome parts of Sicilta, and pro* 
 cecded from its riches and pride, tothatra(hnefs 5 that for 200. years 
 it withdrew it felf from the Roman Bifhops , but Carlo Borromeo hath 
 taken off much \oi that obliquy, by the iplendour he hath given 
 to that Arch'Bifhoprick by his holy converfation s whom Cardinal 
 tederkkhxs Nephew fucceeded , a worthy imitator of his Uncle. 
 
 Before a Palace near the Porta Lodivica^ is an Altar of Marble 
 Stones, whereon one fide is earved DianaLuci f era (as Cicero calls 
 herewith a burning Torch, as Lncillus writes in his Satyrs. 
 
 ■ Et Regyna videbis 
 
 Atenia, turn Liparas^ facelin£ Hmpla Diana. 
 For this Godefs was in this manner adored in* he lfland ,Z.//w-i, and 
 at its Feet is a Blood-hound with the eyes towards the Goddefs, on 
 the other fide is Apollo Medico^ leaning on a Tri pode , with a Bow 
 in his right hand, and a quiver of arrows hanging at his fhculder , 
 near his feet a Scepter, and the Serpent Tit one , who is therefore 
 called by the Poets Titio i & citaredee ^ before the faid Altar maybe 
 read this infeription. 
 
 sEjculapio e^ Hj/gite 
 
 Sacrum 
 C. Oppius. C. L. LeonaS 
 
 Vl. Vir. (jr* Aug. 
 HoKoratus. In Tribu. 
 
 CL . Patrum^ liberum 
 Cluntinm.& Adcenfus 
 Patroni.San&iJfimis 
 Communicipibus fids. DD. 
 
 Quorum. D edicatione 
 Singulis Decurionibus 
 *IIL AHgufialibus. *II. Et 
 Colonis. Cenam. Dedit 
 
 L.D,D.D. 
 
 There are in Milan u. Collegiat Churches, 71. Parochials, 30. 
 Convents of Fryers, and 8 of Regulars, 36. Monafteries of Nuns, 32. 
 Confraternities or Fryeries, which with diverfe others amount to 
 238. Chutches,with 1 20. Schools, where Boys areinftru&ed in Chri- 
 stian Doctrine and other Learning. 
 
Pare I. 
 
 MILAN. 
 
 75 
 
 it hath therefore worthily attributed to it the name of Milan the 
 great and the estimation of one of the four great Cities of i taly 3 thzt 
 is Roma, Venetia, Aiilano, Napoli, and Autonio Callo reckons it one 
 of the ten greateft ot Europe, itwellmay be accounted and taken for 
 the greatest of any Metropolis in a Dutchy. 
 
 Going forth of the Gate Camajina, towards the North, and the 
 Mountains, at 25 miles diftance one arivies at Como, which rea 
 affords nothing worthy obfervation, but the Town Berfalina, where 
 Saint Veetro the Martyr wasilainby the Heretick* , and in that place 
 where he wrote the 1 a. Articles of Faith, with his blood, there is 
 a Grott where they continually digg Earth, and yet it appears no 
 hollow^ Over that place they pretend likewife to fee a great fplen- 
 dour, wh'ch God fheweth for the glory of that holy Body therein- 
 humanly (lain. 
 
 COMO. 
 
 Comois a City famous for thegenteelnefs of herCitizensandflou- 
 rifbing Mufe of Taolo Giovo, is feated in a Plain environed with 
 Mountains, and near the Lake Lario or Como, within which and op- 
 pofice to £<?««> is a fmall Town built as it twere in aPeninfula, 2nd 
 at the lower end thereof ftands a Palace, where theabovenamed , 
 Taolo, had embtllifhed a Library with a noble collection of Bocks, 
 and the pout trays of the moft illuftrious perfons, as is expreiled in 
 his bocks called gli. ElogU , but at prefent there remains nothing of 
 it more than certain pictures upon the Walls, The Images, Books, 
 Robes of Trete Jaunt King of Ethiopia , the Bowes and other Arms of 
 the Antipodes ,w\t\\ many other cunofities not elfewhere to be found, 
 and of good valew, are removed thence to ithe Palace of the Giovii-j 
 within Como in the Dome or Cathedral Church on the left hand ise- 
 rected ihe fumptuons Tombe of Benedetto Giovo the famous writer, in 
 the City likewife maybe read many epitaphs and writings, testi- 
 fying their antiquity and conftant fidelity to the Roman Common- 
 Wealth. 
 
 The Lake Como, is 36. miles long, and fomewhat more than three 
 miles broad, upon which (when calm) the Citizens in their boats re- 
 create them felves, near the end ftands the Fountain of Vliny , and 
 Belacio , a Palace of the Signori spondati b invironed with fpatious 
 Gardens, which are adorned with fair Arbours, and the Walls clo- 
 thed with Geffamines, Rofes, Rofemary,and other fweets,together 
 with fome Woods of JuneperTrees,which harbour all forts of Birds. 
 
 Ten Miles diftant from Milan, and between it and Gemo , ftands 
 the ftately Caftle Monza, which is warned by the River Lambro, 
 It was amplified by Thedorici^ firft King of the Goths, zx\a\Teodoli- 
 nx the Queen,there erected a magnificentTemple dedicated to Saint 
 ]ohn the Baptift, endowing it with great riches, among others with 
 a Saphyr of ineftimable price, a Brood Hen and Chickens of Gold , 
 and many other veffels of Gold, therein alfo are preferved many 
 reliques in Veffels, given to it by San Gregory. 
 
 Then appears Somafca upon the Mountains, a Town often named 
 for the Original of the Religious order of the regular Priefts of So- 
 mafca j a little more forward , yau fee (near the Banks of the Lake 
 
 U 2 Como 
 
 Como 
 
 Bufittina 
 
 Belafo 
 
 Mtnztt 
 
 Somtfca 
 
7* 
 
 Martofana 
 
 f: 
 
 Apgiem 
 
 Sovarra 
 Mortara 
 
 Vakfe 
 
 The Hiftory oilTALT, Part 1 
 
 Como the impregnable Caftle Leaco , whence you paffeby water to 
 Co/no, and then advancing a little farther, the Traveller Cometh to 
 the Country of the Grizons, through which runs the River Adda. 
 
 On the left hand of Monza, rife the Mountains of Bianza, which 
 afford mod excellent Wines, and three miles diftant from Monzaow 
 the right hand liesa well-manured Gatnpagaa, wherein FrancejcoSe- 
 cnndo sforza, defeated the French Army, commanded by Lotrecca, 
 where alter the death of many thoufand Souldiers, on both fides, he 
 obtained a glorious victory . On this fide alfoC before the arrival at 
 the River Varo, the boundary of Italy, appears the fmr.ll River Jllar- 
 tefana, an Arm of the Adda, which runs under the Gorgongiola, over 
 which ftands a Bridge, w hence they defcend to Milan, and thus we 
 have defcribed the places on the Eaftern Part. 
 
 IlTuingout of the Gate of Milan, Vercel!a } towards the Weft, you 
 meet the compleat Towtt Ro , nearby which, paflethan Armol the 
 Tejino to Milan, on the other fide of which Rivolet, is Enfalaro with 
 many other Caftles , whence taking the right-hand way, you arrive 
 at the Lago Maggiore, at the very fource ot the River Tejino , which 
 goes to Favia, near which ftands Angiera whence the signori d' Angie- 
 ra, now Vifcounts, take their rife. Then at 17. miles diftancefrom 
 Milan upon a Mountain, (being as twere one of rhe Boundaries to 
 theLakeJappears the devoutTemple olSantaMaria delAlonte,wh\ther 
 refort great concourfe of People, to obtain their requefts from God 
 at the interceffion of the bleffed Virgin Mary. Then palling the Tef- 
 fwo, you find Viglebia, anew fmallCity but fair, where ftands the 
 magmficcnt Palace called the sforzefca, fo named from Lodovico 
 S/wz^Duke of Milan, who built and gave it to the Religious Order 
 of the Dominican Fryers, who to this day poflefs it. 
 
 From whence on the right hand way, lies Novarra, and the Coun. 
 try Lemellina, and on the left hand , the Caftle Mortarra, heretofore 
 called the fayr Wood, but afterwards from the great (laughter of the 
 Longobards, there made by Charles the great f fighting with Defideriut 
 their King, it was named Mortara. On the fame fide alfo is the Ca 
 MeValefe, and the Town Varalk under the Mountains, wherein 
 burnt Earth iseffigiated the Sepulchre of our Saviour, with all the 
 my fteries of his paffion in divers little Chapels, to which much Ap- 
 plication is made with great reverence by the neighbouring People} 
 near which begins the Loke Laguno, and the Country of the 
 Grizons. 
 
 The Journey from MILAN to 
 FAVIA. 
 
 BE tween Milan and Favia ftands the moft noble Mon after y of Cer. 
 tofa, built by Giovanno Galeazzo Vifionte, firft Duke of Milan , 
 endowed with a great Revenue, in whofe Temple himfelf lies buri- 
 ed , in a ftately Marble Tombe , wherein is erected his Statue with 
 his lively effigies, and inferibed a curious Epitaph, containing his 
 famous notable Deeds, which Church hath many wonderfull Sta- 
 tues 
 
Part I« 
 
 P AVI A 
 
 tuef Sculptures 3 and Picluresj, fair Chapels, with Altars enriched 
 wlthGold, and pretious Stones, and a Veftry replete with Vefts , 
 and VefTels of Gold, and Silver of good valew, and many Reliqus of 
 Saints. 
 
 Near which Monaftery is a Park, invironed with a Wall of twen. 
 ty miles fquare, wherein are plowed Lands, Meadows, and Woods, 
 and therein are preferved great quantity of Wilde Beafts, for the 
 Chafe, as Hares, Roe-Bucks, Stags, Fallow-Deer, with other 
 Creatures, which was imparked by the fame Galeazzo, but is in fome 
 places fallen to the ground. Here Francefco the firft King of France, 
 encamped his Army, when he befieged ravia, in the year of our Sal- 
 vation 15254 at which time himfelf with the King of Navarre, and 
 mmy prime Barons of France, were taken Prifoners by Monfignors^ of 
 Lonnto , and Barbone, Captains of the Army of Churls the fifth Em- 
 perour. 
 
 FAVIA. 
 
 I^Avia according to Vliny was built by the Levi t and Marini, a Peo- 
 ple of L iguria, not far from the Foe: But Ent ropius and PaulusDU 
 aconut will have it to be founded by the Injitbri and Eoii 9 after the 
 Declenfionof of the Roman Empire, to whom twas for fome time 
 fubjttt. It was fubjugated afterwards to Attila King of the Hunns, 
 then to Odoacro, King of the Heruli t who having taken it by force , 
 f; eked it, burnt it, and levelled the Walls with the Earth: Then it 
 became under the power of the Longobardi, who there fixing the Re- 
 gal Scat, raifed m any fumptuous Edifices, as faies Paolo Diacono , a- 
 mong others, the Monaftery'of Santa <~hiara } was built by Partarito, 
 the Church of Santa Maria della Pertiche , by Jheodolinda the Queen, 
 the Monafteryof S. pietro incielo Aureo , by Lulruprando the King, 
 who brought thither from Sardigna, the venerable Corps of Saint 
 Anguftine, there yet kept in a well-polifht Tombe of Marble, with 
 great reverence, with many other Structures, which for brevity 
 fake are pa fled over} here alio, one may feetheCaftle built by Gio- 
 vahGdeazzo Vifconte , and alfo that antique brafs Statue on Horfe- 
 back, called Regifole, which many conjecture to be made for Antonu 
 us, from the Lineaments of the Faceadd Beard. 
 
 There were 22. icings of the Longoku di, qnd they reigned 202. 
 yeers ? whofe Nobles mueh adorned this City, making her the Regal 
 Siat, and Miftris of their Provinces* 
 
 It hath produced many illuftrious men » among other Giovan the 
 XVI H Pope, an^TeforeBaccaria^bbotofyallAmbro^Maityred 
 in Florence. It hath many noble Edifices, chiefly that Tower where- 
 in the great Boetius quitted this mortal veil. It is feated in a well 
 tilled Vale near the Appenine Hills, and the River "tejino, over which 
 was carried a ftately Bridge by the Duke Galleazzo vifconte. 
 
 This City ravia, as well in the forenamed Battelini525. asin 
 feveral others before and fince blatter times,when the French un- 
 dertook invafions into Italy and befeiged it, hath fatally proved the 
 overthrow of their Armies, the lofs of theirdeilgns, and the Ruine of 
 their Intereft in that Country. 
 
 In this City was inftituted a famous univerfity, not much inferi- 
 X our 
 
 77 
 
78 
 
 The HiQory of IT A L T, Part I 
 
 our 10 that of Paris, by the EmperourCtar/e/ the Great, ^phofe zeal 
 to arnplifie the Chriftian Religion, caufed him to fend thither learn- 
 ed Theologians , to teach publiquely the true Doctrine, as alfo other 
 eminent Doftors well read in all the Sciences, who were much en- 
 couraged to repair thither by their large Stipends and his [fignal fa- 
 vours ( Giacone the (o much celebrated Doctor, among others, fpent 
 many years in this Academy ,alfo Ealdo, having here read for fome 
 time, dyed, and lies interred in the Convent of the Fryers FranciJ. 
 ca»s^nd tis conceived that the ferenenefs of the Ayr, fo much (harp- 
 ens the Genius of the Students, that it hath thence acquired the 
 name of a glorious Univerfity. 
 
 The Faith of Chrift was firft preached and taught to the Pavians 
 by the blclTed Sims of Aqu/eia t at the fame time that the Apoftle Saint 
 Peter taught in Romeftom. which time to this day they havcconftuntl 
 profeft the fame. 
 
 ItsCitizens coveting their ownLiberty,prefented themfelvs toPhilip 
 Arch-3ifhop of Ravenna Legate of the Roman Church, intheyeerof 
 chrift 1 2 59- whereby they were long time kept under the Apoftolick 
 Sea,oo lefs inSpirituals thanTemporals,which the more evidently ap- 
 pears by the Oath which the Pedeftu and other Magistrates folemnly 
 took at their ingreffion into their feveral Offices, precifely in this 
 form. 
 
 Ego Fotejijs,vel Confurjufliti£ Papt£, &c. Ad honor em Dei, & Virginis 
 Jllari£ , ad honorem & reverenliam S. R. Ealeji£, & Serenis. DD . 
 Ludovici Romanorttm Regis ,& Civitatis Papi£ bomtm jiatumjuro ad 
 San&a Dei Eaangelia, corporaliter taftisjeripturis , quodfum& ero 
 fidclis S.R.Ecclefi£, & Rom. Imperii. 
 
 The Emperour c/wr/e/ the great, taking a Journey into France t leit 
 for his Lieutenants in this City, the Latigufchi, piincipal Gentlemen 
 of Tavia, with the title of Vicars, which constitution thefucceeding 
 Emperoors fucceffively approved , till the time oft edrick^BarbaroJ- 
 fa, whogranted them power to elect their own Con fuls to govern 
 theCky, whence it was thatat the Treaty and Peace made by the 
 faid Fredericl^with the People of Lumbardji, this City there interven'd 
 as free , and not fubject to any others. 
 
 The Pavians ( after, the expiration of the 280. years wherein the 
 Emperors enjoyed her) elected GioGaleazzo Fijconte, for Count of 
 ravia, under which capacity the Princes Fifconte, and Sforzefchi fuc- 
 ceffively polTefled it, as doth now the King of Spain, to whom they 
 furrendred themfelves with another title and jurifdiction, tofhew 
 that this City holding themfelves not at all fubject to the Dutchy of 
 Milan, but Muncipal, they might be acknowlged particularly as 
 Counts of the Roman Empire. 
 
 No City in Lombardy can better extinguifh any Novelties or Up- 
 rores than this of Pavia , and its Territory, which with the enviro- 
 ning Rivers give limits to and divides the Milanefes,Novarefes and 
 other People of the hilly Countries, from the Genovefes t Tortonefes and 
 thofe of Bobio Alexandria ,and Cafal, (o thatthofe feveral People can 
 neither make league nor unite at their own pleafures without the 
 confent of the Citizens otPavia, which is duly called the Fatal Gate 
 
 and 
 
Parti. 
 
 MILAN. 
 
 and Key of Lombardy ,from its dominion over the Rivers roe, and Tef- 
 fino, and from its oportune fite, being empowred _ to give or deny 
 paflage to or from either fides and mores of thofe Rive . 
 
 Hence we may go by Boat on the Tejino to Piacenza or Cremona. But 
 journying by Land, you leave on the right hand the C<xHlePiehiera 
 tortona, Allejjandria, Mont f err at e 3 and then Piedmont. 
 
 isiill^ 
 
 fe s&# 
 
 cA-ieto^S 
 
 a 6 
 
 SM£&i£y 
 
 The Journey from MIL ANto BOLOGNA 
 
 bytheFM EMILIA, afterwards 
 
 to F L K E NC £, and La % 
 to ROME. 
 
 INtending to travel from Milan to Rome , you muft proceed out at 
 the Roman Gate, and after fome fpace towards Lodi, you meet on 
 the right hand in the Territory of Milan, the rich and famous Mo- 
 naftery of Chiaravalle,to which the Abbot Manfredo Archinto, among 
 other Farms, gave the great Vineyard Pilajirello, which was former- 
 ly called the Vineyard of the Poor } for that the wine there collect- 
 ed and thereof made, was ufually difpene'd among the Poor, bei g 
 to that end preferved in one entire Veile], thegreateftintheWorld, 
 which contayned 600. meafures, ( each of which held about three- 
 gallons ) was conjoyned with great Beams, and encompafled with 
 large Hoops, which when empty , hath for its grandure, been held 
 a worthy object to many People, and to fome Princes, Kings, and 
 Emperors , among which was Charles the fifth who difdained not 
 to enter therein. Somewhat further from whence in the Territory 
 ofPavia lies theTowtfr Landiciano^nd at tenn miles diffant from Lodi 
 the noble and rich Caftle , Meregnana , and clofe by it runneth the 
 River Lambro , whichbringsto itdelight, and all forts of provisi- 
 ons* near it is the place where Francis the firft King of France flew 
 16000. Switzers, by whofe deaths MaJJimilian sforza happened to 
 lofe his Seignory and liberty* thence fix miles ftands the Gaftle S. An- 
 gelo, walhedby the Lambro, where every Wednefday, is keptafayr 
 Market, thence three miles you fee the place where antiently ftood 
 Lodi the Old. On the left of this fair way lies Cremona, and other 
 places,whereof we have formerly treated in the voyage fromBrefcia, 
 to Milan*) on all fides, you behold this Country abounding with Fruit 
 and manured with Vineyards. 
 
 X 2 
 
 LODI 
 
8o 
 
 The Hiflory of J T ALT, Part L 
 
 \Addi 
 
 LODl 
 
 THis City was founded by Fredericks Barbaroffa i three miles di. 
 ftant from the old Lodz , at whofe foundation laying, the 
 faid Federicl^with himfclf brought all his Princes, and endowed it 
 with many privileges, which (under the fhadow of the Empirejpre- 
 ferved it a long time in Liberty. Afterwards it chofefor its Lords 
 the Vejiarim\ its own Citizens,and in the end fubinkted to the Dukes 
 of Milan. The old Lodi was called antient'iy Law Pcmpei a, for that 
 it was reftoredby Vompeius Strabo t Father of Fompey the great, and 
 this new Lcdi wzs made a City by Corrado the fecond , Emperoar,at 
 the lequeftof Frimberto, ArchBifhop of Milan;, and though at his 
 inftanceyet it no way abated the envy reigning in thebreaftsotthe 
 Alila»efi 9 for they in theyeer 1158. under Vjfi^ for the great hatred 
 between them, deftroyed it , being not at all fatisfyed with their 
 throwing down of the Walls, and driving away the Inbabitants,un 
 till they had inforced the Citizens to live in villages feparateone 
 rom another, at fuch diftance that they might not ailemble nor 
 take Counfel how to reftore their unhappy Country , prohibiting 
 them traffick, and fale of any thing, or tojoyninallyance, under 
 penalty of lofing their patrimony , and banifhmentjinto the like 
 punifhment fell fuch of them as went out of the place they werecci 
 fined to, under which miferyand fervitude they continued for 49. 
 y?ers. But the Alilanejt, were feverely chart'. zed for this their cru- 
 elty , by God the juft Judge. Their City Milan being not long after 
 fscked and burnt by Frederick^ the Emperor. 
 
 ThisCify fituateina plain, is of two miles compafs and a round 
 form , having a pleafant and fertile Territory environing it , 
 which produceth alifforts of Grain ,. delicious Wines, ane lovely 
 Frui s: ThePafture, and Meadows,arealwaies in a flourishing green, 
 being well preferved ("from the fcorching hcatjby the overflowing 
 of the Waters, which for that conveniency ai£ conveyed in 4. or 5. 
 Chanels , one above another almoft to a wonder, and fo much to 
 their advantage that they mow their Meadows 4. or 5. times a yeer, 
 which with their pafture affords them fo much milk as is incredible 
 to fuch as have not feen it,wherewith they make abundance ofCheefe 
 andfomeof them weigh 500. weight, here alfo they dry with fait 
 thofe favory Calves Tongues , fo much admired every where. 
 
 It hath many Rivers , and they afford excellent Fifb, particularly 
 mof r delicate Eels, The City contains 1 2000. Souls, and many no- 
 ble Famtlies,Rmong others that oftheVeftarini who a long time Reig- 
 nedoverit: It hath alfo given Birth to many Perfons , nolefsemi- 
 ncnt in Letters than Arms. 
 
 It re ceived the light of the Chriftian Faith, from the preaching of 
 Saint Barnabas i at the time when Milan was therewith enlightned.S. 
 Bajfanq wasBifhopof thi9 City , to whom a Church therein is de- 
 dicate^ enriched with facerdotal habits, embroideries of Gold, and 
 Jewels, Cups, Croffcs, Cenfors, and other valewable Veffels. Tis 
 wafhed with the River Adda , over which there is raifed a Bridge of 
 Wood, fix miles off which, is the rich Abbacy of Borgheto i and fix 
 
 miles 
 
Part I. 
 
 P I ACE NZA< 
 
 miles thence ftands mount Colnmbano, much celebrated for the deli- 
 cate Wines, and fruit j on the left hand of the StradaRicca lies the 
 Town Samalia, witha'nHofpital, and the Abbacy of the Fryers of 
 Saint Gyr alamo, a little farther ly Lorlefco,zxxo\ Pujiurlingc ,built by the 
 noble Tufierli of Milan, whence (crcffing the River by Boatjabout 
 amileliesP/dmtfw. 
 
 PIACENZA. 
 
 SOoie will have this City to take its name from the Pleafantnefs of 
 its fite, and the beauty of its buildings, nor have we any other 
 Original for Piacenza: Tis feated near the Poe, in a delightfull place, 
 having a flourifhing champagua, and frukfull Hills, Thefirft yiel- 
 ding plenty of Corn , and other things, for humane fuftenance, the 
 later incomparable Wines, delicate Fruits, and Oyl: The Meadows, 
 (alwaies green, by reafon of the artificial flowing from the furroun- 
 ding Rivers ) are continually flocked with great herds of Cattel, 
 whence they extract that cheefe which for its goodnefs is fo much 
 cryed up through Europe, that when they would commend any 
 Cheefe, they call it of Placentitis It affords alfo certain fpringsof fait 
 water, (from which with fire they extraci the whiteft fait) and forne 
 Mines of Iron, and Woods filled with Creaiures for the Chafe. 
 
 It was reduced into a Colony of the Romans, together with Cre- 
 mona, in the 350th. yeer after the building of Rome 3 by their ex« 
 pulfion of the French out of that Country ,as Livy faies, who of it 
 makes an honourable mention in divers places, as well as divers o- 
 ther Hilforiansj whence tis gathered, that twas very flourifhing in 
 the time of the Romans ■, fince when it hath fuffered many calamities, 
 more by civil than forein in vafions: IntheJ7oth- year after the Na- 
 tivity of our Saviour , when Vitellius waged War againft Otho, the 
 Amphitheatre ftanding without its Wall was burnt, which made Si- 
 lio to fay gtuajffata Phcentia hello. 
 
 It is embellifhed with noble ftruftures.- As the antient Fountain 
 erecied by Augtifius c<efar, the fumptuous Church of Santa. Maria the 
 Virgin, the Church of Santo Antonio the Martyr , the fair Church 
 of S. Giovanni officiated by*the Fryers of S. Dominick, and that of San 
 sifio, with a worthy Monaftery, but above all is refplendent the 
 Temple of Sunt Augujiino t &ttended by the canonical Regulars,which 
 at firft was compalled about with a weak Wall, but afterwards fo 
 well fortifyed with ftrong Walls and a Fort built of Stone, that it 
 acquired a place among the ftrong holds of Italy: The City is four 
 miles com pafs, and the Ditches add one mile more, andiswafhed 
 by the Rivers ,Jrebia and Poe'-, after it had a long time en joyed itsli- 
 • berty , it became fubjecl: to the Scott i,Turriaai, the Landi, the Dukes 
 of Milan, the French, the Romans, the holy Church, butatpre- 
 fent it remains in peace under the Signori Farnefi. 
 
 Pliny drawes a conclufion of the goodnefs and temperature of the 
 Ayr, from the old age the Inhabitants arrive to, who writes that in 
 his time, one of its Citizens lived to be 120. yeers old, and in its 
 Territory were fix perfons,who were 1 10. yeers old a peece, and one 
 that was aged T40. yeers. The City contains 18000. Souls, where- 
 of 2000. religious , many noble Families of great name flourifh 
 
 Y there 
 
 8l 
 
 Pnfti> lingo 
 
St. Antonio 
 
 Bolio 
 
 . 
 
 Fidinti 
 
 St. Ditmino 
 
 TheHiftory of IT J LT, Part I 
 
 thereat this day, at the Seotta^Landa, and Anfufciola, who pc fiefs 
 many Caftles and Jurifdiclions : Among many other illuftrious 
 and vertuous perfons, it gave birth toT. Tinea the old fkentOra- 
 tour, and to Pope Gregory the tenth, who dyed in Artzzo in Tufeany 
 where many fignes appeared of his great merits. 
 
 Going out of Fittcenza, towards theEaftand North appears the 
 mourn of the River Trebia, much fpoken of by Hiftorians, for the 
 overthrow of the Roman Army, given by Hannibal, but afore it 
 fhnds the Church cf Saint Antonio, where the fix Souldiers were 
 miraculoufly burnt by fire 5 whoblafphemedhis name. Then you fee 
 Stradella and the Caftle of Saint Giovanni and Vichiera. On the left ly 
 the Apenixe Hills, among which ftands enclofed the City Bobio thirty 
 miles from Viacentia. where Teodolendi <g>ueen of the Longobardi, built 
 a rich and fumptuous Monaftery, at the requeft of SanColombano, af- 
 figning it greet pofleflions for fufteining the Monks who ierved God, 
 from which Monaftery have iffued thirty tw > Saints. 
 
 AtFtacexz i begins the Emilian Way, called Via Emilia , accord ing 
 to Lmy\ which was fet out by Emilius the Conful, and ex*ends 
 it fell from thence to Rimini, towards the South. On the right ap- 
 pears moftfharp Mountains, wherein are built fail Caftles , Towns, 
 vind Villages, but none ofmoment, except Cor/c Maegiore, belong- 
 h g to the PaUavicita 9 and Arquato^ much named for the fweet Wines 
 there produced.On the left hand of the E/0i//<*« Way ,frands Cremona, 
 whither you may go alfo by Water from Piacenza upon the Poe: Be- 
 tween Piacenza and Cremona at i 2. miles diftanceon thz Via Emilia, 
 appears the Caftle Eiorenzola, called Fidentia, by Tolomeo,and Jike- 
 \v\feLivy, writing in his 88th. Rook, that Silla forced Carbone out 
 of Italy , having oveithrown his Army at chiufo, Faenza, andF/- 
 dentia. Here is that famous Abbacy, where with royal and fplendid 
 provifion , Pietro Antonio the Abbot, received Francis the firft Ring 
 uf France, charls the 5th. Emperour, and Faiths Terf/wx the Pope} 
 more forward ftands the Eurgo Saint Donnino, fortifyed with new 
 Forts, snd created a City lately at the inftance of Ranttccio Farnefe, 
 Duke of Parma , Having repaired the roe, youarriveat theRiver 
 / "array whence to Parma is four miles, with a continued courfe of the 
 Appenines on the right hand. 
 
 FARM A. 
 
 T His City is rich and adorned with ftately Ediflces> illuftrious 
 Families and many Inhabitants. It hath a delightfull and fruit- 
 full Territory, yielding Corn, Fruit, Oy J, Wine) and Cheefeknown 
 through the World , which hath acquired it a place among the rich 
 and noble Cities of Italy. 
 
 Tis feated on the Via Emilia in a plain at five miles diftance from 
 the Apenines, between which and the Suburb on the Weft, pafleth 
 the River Parma > over which is raifed a Bridge of carved Stone 
 conjoyning both the Banks-- Tis not known whether this River took 
 its name from the City, or the City from the River , no antient Au- 
 thor making mention of it, but Livyfolibius, and Ctcero with other 
 grave Writers , fpeak honourably of the City. It was made a Colo- 
 ny for theRomans together with Medena, as Livy averrs.in his 39th. 
 
 Bcok 
 
Parti P A K M A. 
 
 Book in rhefe words. E odem anno Mutina & Parma c oloni<z Romano- 
 rum Civimt ftwt dedutf<e bin a millia homimm in agrum, qui proxim} Boio 
 rum } ante lufchorum fucrat, O&ona jugeraParma, quina Mutiny accepe • 
 runt. 
 
 Its People are fayr,and of as noble and fpritefull Genius , difpofVd 
 not only for Government of the Republick , but alfo to Letter* and 
 Arms. It hath a fayr and large Cam pagna, which nourifhingimmenfe 
 numbers of iheep 5 affbrds them plenty of fine Wool, whereof Jl/arti, 
 d/faics, 
 
 Tondet & innnmzros Gallic a Parma greges, 
 
 and in another place. 
 
 Vclkribus primis Apulia i Parma fecund/ s 
 Nobilit, Altinum tertia laudat ovis. 
 
 Its Ayrisfo temperate, that Pliny faies in the time of Vefpafian^ 
 there were two men 125. yeers old each. TheCampagniaisfo fpati- 
 ous that all behold it with wonder, where (lands a Palace for the 
 Dukcs,orribelli(hed with Gardens and Fountains. 
 
 It was fubjtct to the Roman Empire, till the decay thereof 3 when 
 it recovered its liberty in the yeer of our Lond 1248. it was ftraightly 
 belieged by Frederic^ Barbarofa, determining not to depart thence, 
 tillhehiddeftroyedit, which refolution caufed him to build a City 
 near it, called vittoria, 800 els long, and 600. broad, with eight 
 Gates, and large dykes , but this his defign was prevented by a fal- 
 leyofthe Parmezans, who aAay ling his Aimy overthrew it, and de- 
 (XioyedVittoria. 
 
 The Domo of Cathedral Church is fayr and furnptuous , having 
 many Can ons and other Priefts to officiate : In the Church of San Gi- 
 ovanni, d well the Fryers of Saint Benedid: In the Church Steccata is 
 (lately Architecture, lovely Pictures and linages: In the Church 
 of the Cupucines, lies buried Alcjptndro F arnefe the invincible Cap. 
 tain and Madama Maria : his devout Confort. Every Church hath fome 
 works of Parmegtdininoznd Corr egio t the famous Painters. 
 
 In Parma are the noble Families of the Pallavicini y Torelli, Roftifii- 
 berti^Sanvitali i with Others. 
 
 If hath produced men eminent in Learning, Virtue and Arms , as 
 Cajfio the Poet, Macro bio a wor thy Writer, with others 5 Itisfub- 
 ject to the moft ferene houfe of the Farnefi , who have therein raifed 
 many ftately Fabricks, and lately the Duke Ranuccio erected a School 
 for all the ge neral fesences^dra wing thither by his large Stipends,the 
 moft eminent Doctors of Italy. 
 
 It is four miles in circuit, and contains 22. thoufand Souls. 
 
 Forth of Par ma towards the North is Color no a well-governed Caftle, 
 with other fair places, and towards the South, having palled the 
 River 'faro and travelled 2, 5. miles you meet Borgo a noble Caftle of 
 ! the Dukes o?Parma } from which Country befides great plenty of all 
 ; necefiaries for humane luftenance , they gather fometimes a hun- 
 dred thoufand bufhels of Chefnuts, and when leaft 50. thoufand.lt 
 alfo produceth Men difpofed to Letters, Arms, and Merchandize, 
 
 Y 2 it 
 
 83 
 
 Cohrno 
 
 B:rp 
 
H 
 
 Ba>do 
 
 The Hiflory rflTALT, Part 1, 
 
 itftands in the midft of the Aptnine Hills being furrounded with 
 them, and hath 23. Towns under it. More forward is Pentremoli a 
 fayr Town , twelve miles further is theftrong Fort called lavaldi 
 Mugcllo, then Bardo and Campiano , where the River Taro takes its 
 fource, and pafleth at three miles diftance by horgo. 
 
 Travaling on the Via Emilia , from Parma,at the foot of the^e- 
 nb.es, appears the Town and Caftle Chiarngolo, whereof the illnftri- 
 cus Family of the Torelli hold the Government, then in the plain 
 Country Montechio 5 and San ilario, feated on the banks of the River 
 Lenza, over which the Countefs Matilda, with great expence, built 
 a Bridge of burnt Brick, then keeping the Emilian Way for j 5. miles 
 youariveattfeggw. 
 
 REGGIO. 
 
 THis City is built on the Via Emilia, and named Regium Lepidijoy 
 Mrjbo, Cicero , Cornelius Tacitus and other writers : By whom 
 it was builr, is not certainly known, many contending that Marius 
 \Lepidus one of the Triumvirate, ( who divided the Roman Empire ) 
 j was its firft founder, others that it was built long before his time,but 
 by him made a Colony. 
 
 This City being deftroyed by the Goths, under Alarico thsir King, 
 Its Citizens were conftrayned to abandon it, and fly tomorefecure 
 places, till the Longobardi were overcome and driven out of Italy by 
 charts the Great, when the Citizens returning by degrees to their 
 defolate City, began to reftore it, and immure it with aftrongWall. 
 !t was governed by it felf for fome time in liberty after the manner 
 of the other Cities of Italy, then twas governed by others, till it de- 
 livered it felf into the hands of the Marquefs ofEjte- 
 
 Tis a noble City , well peopled , and abounding with all things , 
 although the ayr is not very good . It hath fair and large ftreets 
 with fumptuous Structures, as the magnificent Church of s. Profpe- 
 ro, Bifhop of this City, where his Corps are devoutly kept, which 
 hath a plentifull revenue, and is adorned with excellent Pictures, 
 but particularly with fome drawn by Coreggio, worthy of eternal 
 memory : In the Walls of the Orchard of the R. R. P. P.defervi^as 
 lately difcovered an Image of the holy Virgin, where God doth ma- 
 ny favours to fuch have recourfe unto him through her merits. The 
 City contains many noble Families, as theCanojjl i Manfredi, Fogliani 2 
 nadsejfi, who polTefs great Lordfhips and Caffles. 
 
 Near unto Reggio, ftand certain Hills, who are no lefs beautifyed 
 with Towns and Villages than delicate Vines and fruit Trees. To- 
 wards Tarma one fees the Caftle f ftrengthnedby its fire J where Ma' 
 tilda the Countefs preferved Pope Gregory the feventh , from the 
 fnares of the Emperor Henry the fourth Enemy of the Roman Church, 
 who afterwards repenting himfelf for that his crime, from thence 
 went on his naked feet and with his bare Head in the midft ofWinter 
 through Ice and Snow to the faid Pope, to obtain pardon for his of- 
 fence, whom hisHolnefs courteoufly received and pardoned, a re« 
 markable inftance of what power that Dignity heretofore was. At 
 this day the moft noble Family of Canofa are Mafters of this Gaftle 
 and the others furrounding it, from which a little diftance ftands 
 
 the 
 
(Part I. 
 
 M D E N A. 
 
 jtheCaftlesand other places of the Signori Monfredo. 
 
 Keeping the way of the Mountains, you arrive at the Countrey of 
 Groffignana , where ftands Caftle Novo, which hath formerly given 
 birth to many illuftriou9 perfons, and in our days to GiulioVrbano 
 Doftor and Apoftolick Trothonotary 3 who for his excellent do&rine 
 was much efteemed by the Princes, and Cardinals of the Court of 
 Rome, who after he had long exercifed the Office of Vicar General 
 for Cardinal Luiga Cornaro Bifbop of Padoua, with grear praife in th at 
 quality, deceafed in the yeeri592. leaving an excellent exa mple 
 to all mortals. Whofe Brother Vrban^ gave no lefsfplendourtonis 
 Country, being Captain of the Militia for the Venetians. At prefent 
 lives Filippo Vrb&no, their worthy Nephew, aCanonoftheAwwor 
 Cathedral Church of Padoua. 
 
 Returning to the Via Emilia you meet the Caftle Sca>td:ano t honou- 
 red with the title of a Marquefate, fub jeft to the Signori Tieni , no 
 ble Vicentines, on the left hand lies the Caftle Roldo, belonging to 
 the Family Sejfi a feudatorie of the Eoiperour^Saint Martino, Gonzaga, 
 andNuvilara, 
 
 Between Modena andKe^g/fl, near the River Lenza, ftands Cor- 
 reggio, a well- governed and honourable Caftle, and well peopled , 
 it was created a City by the Empire, and appertains to the moftil- 
 luftrious Family Correggio, formerly great in Padova, and called Gi- 
 berto, from which heretofore iflued a Cardinal , at this time Girolamo 
 Berneroj of the preaching Order gives great honour to this Country, 
 who was afrumedtoacardinalfhipbyS//?0,^/«f0, High B'lhop, for 
 his incomparable virtue and goodnefs of Life, who continues a pru- 
 dent lover of the virtucus 5 and a great Zealot for the Chriftian Reli- 
 gion. Then where the River Lecchia cuts in funder the Emilian way, 
 itands the ffrong Caftle Rubiera, with a well- made Bulwark, enviro* 
 roned with Hills, whence travailing in a large Road, youariveat 
 Modena, 
 
 MODENA. 
 
 THis noble City was reduced into a Colony of the Romans toge- 
 ther with Parma % in the 570th. yeer after the building of Rome, 
 as Livy and other Hiftorians write, who in feveral places make therd 
 of honourable mention, which teftifies that in that time it was rich 
 and powerfull, and this is alfo confirmed by the many infcriptions 
 and antient Marbles which are extant up and down the fame. It 
 was enough illuftrated by that notable battel which was fought 
 near it,when Hirtio and Panfa were Confuls of Rome,the confequence 
 whereof was the Lofs of the Senates au thority, and the peoples liber- 
 ty,for then Mar. Antonius befieged Brutus in this City, who by the 
 affiftance of C. O&avins C<efar , obtained the victory againft the faid 
 Antonius. Afterwards it fuffered many ruines from the Barbarous, as 
 Saint Ambrofs mentions, that he faw it with the other adjacent Pla- 
 ces upon the Via Emilia, thrown down and deftroyed . It was layed 
 wafte by the Goths, and Longobards , who afterwards being driven 
 out by the EmperorCA<*rZr the great,and he having eftablifhed hisSon 
 Pip in Ring of Italy t the Sons of the Citizens of Modena affembledthem- 
 felves together from their fecure retirements, and took counfel how 
 
 Z to 
 
 8f 
 
u 
 
 Aqtinrh 
 
 Vignota 
 
 Carp 
 
 Panaro 
 
 The Hiftory oilTALT, Part I.l 
 
 to rebuild this City,which in procefs of time they effecled as is now 
 feen, fomewhat diftant from the antient Modena, as Leandro more at 
 large difcourfeth. 
 
 TheCity isfmall,ofan orbicular forrn,ckfeated ina plain abounding 
 with fruits, and delicate Wines. The Dukes of Ejie, Alfonfo the fe- 
 cond greatly amplified this City, and raifed fair edifices. In the ^fl- 
 aw they devoutly preferve rhe bones of S. Giminiano , its Bifhop, for 
 whofe merits God delivered many poileffed with Devils. Tis full of 
 noble and ingenuous People, whence not only many famous Gap- 
 tains, Counts and Marquefes, have proceeded , but alfo many 
 Cardinals, Bifhops, and other prelates, with moft learned men,of 
 whom are Sadoleto and Stgonio, whofe works are of note to all. It 
 continued a long time in liberty , as did the other Cities of Lumbar- 
 dy, butisat prefent fubjeft tothe Dukes oiEfte, who by their con- 
 stant residence much ennoble and enrich it, they here Make Vizards 
 and Targets, much efteemed through Italy. 
 
 Forth of Alodena towards the South under theAppenines ftands For- 
 mtgim, Spezzano t and ten miles offit, Sajjulo , a noble and civil 
 Caftle , with a fumptuous Palace of the Family of Via, wafhed by 
 the River Secchia, where ftands a fair Church dedicated to the blef- 
 fedVirgine, whither refort infinite People to obtain Graces. Upon 
 the faid Mountain are many other Villages and Hamlets, which alfo 
 may be feen on that part of Alodena towards theEaft. 
 
 Thefe Caftles heretofore fubjec~r to feveral Lords,and particularly 
 rothemof AJottte, whowerethen very potentin thefe Countreys , 
 and polTeffcd all the placs in the Graffignana, which confines with 
 Bologna, and among them Seflola, zz&Fanano. Then going Weft- 
 ward you fee the Alpes of San Felligrino , and the Caftle Aquarioh- 
 mous for its Baths. After turning to the South, by thefe Mountains 
 run? the Tyrrehene Sea, fomewhat further near Bologna, on the Banks 
 of the River Tanaro, appears Caftle Vetro, and Spilimberto, of the 
 Signer i Rangori, whence four miles you finde Vignola a Town honou • 
 red with a Marquifate j fubjeft to the Signofi Boncompagio , which 
 Town confines with the Bolegnian territories. 
 
 Towards the North is feated Correggio, at 1 2. miles diftance,thence 
 and fomewhat further the moft noble Caftle or rather Imperial City 
 Carpi , which may very well be paralleld to many Cities, both 
 for the great and ingenuous People, and the fupeifluity of all 
 things neceffary. It hath the title of a Principality , and was a long 
 time enjoyed by the Signori Pii t but is at preftnt By the Duke of 
 Alodena. 
 
 On the Eaftern part of Modena, is a Chanel upon which you may 
 be conveied eight miles by Boat , unto Finale , then pafling on the 
 Panaro, andentring the Toe i they goto Terrara, upon the River Vi- 
 naro, where the Chanel runs into it, Hind Bon Torto, and San Felice, 
 praifed for good Wines. 
 
 Along the Via Emilia , 3 miles diftant from Alodena , paffeth the 
 River Vanaro ) near which are the confines between the Alodoneft, and 
 the Bologneft , in which place Claudius the Conful copeing with the 
 Enemies, took 15000. Prifoners, and 700. Liguri, moreover in the 
 fame placei^torz King of theLongobardi,routed the Roman Army,and 
 flew feven thoufand of them. 
 
 There 
 
\Part I. 
 
 1j 
 
 L GNA* 
 
 There alfo the Army of the Modomfi being difcomfited by the Bo- 
 logneji, Enzo King of Sardegna, Son of Frderick, the fecond , wasta« 
 ken Prifoner. On the other fide of the Panaro, is HovantoU , with 
 an antient and noble Monaftery founded by Anfelino, Kinfman of 
 Jftolfo King of the Longobards , having been a worthy Captain in 
 their Army, and there quitting this World, created himfelfCaptain 
 of a thoufand Monk?*, endowing the place with ftore of Goods and 
 Revenues, about the yeer of our Salvation 780. It was afterwards 
 reftored by the Countefs Matilda , and is inhabited by many Monks ' 
 whohavejurifdiftionas far as Spain, wherein are kept the body of 
 Saint Adrian the Pope , and fome part of S. Silvejicr, with many o- 
 ther Reliques, and fome antient Books^ particularly the Breviary 
 of the faid Matilda. 
 
 Near the Via Emilia, between Bologna and Hovantola, (rands S. Aga- 
 ta, a Cattle built be Bar bar oj] a the Emperor , and Crevalcore formerly 
 called Alkgra Cttore where twice the Armies of Bemabo Vifcontt Lord 
 of Milan, were overthrown* Then one comes to San Giovanni , a 
 Countrey yeelding Wheat and other Grains. On the left fide of the 
 Emilian Way, are feenCaJiiglione, and Cafile Franco, 15. miles from 
 Bologna, in which Territory was lately railed an inexpugnable Fort, 
 by Pope Vrban the 8th. from whofename tis denominated Vrbano. 
 Near which is the Foro de Galli, where Irtio and Panja-, the Roman 
 Coniuls fighting with M. Antonius, obtained a glorious Viftory , 
 but with it their mortal wounds whereof they both dyed in the fame 
 place.* Then appear Tiumanio, Bazano, and Crepellano, pleafant Ca- 
 bles , feated on thofe little Hills , at the Feet of the Apenines. 
 
 On the left fide of the E'militn Way five miles diftant from Bologna, 
 is the River Lavino , and Ghironda, which joyningtogeherencom- 
 pafs Forcelli , in a triangular form at one miles diftant from the Via 
 Emilia, where oUavianus, Marcus Antonius, and Marcus Lepidus, par- 
 ted the Monarchy between them felves, which Forcelli feemsnowa 
 reninfula, though it may be perceived to have been an Ifland-, af- 
 terwards thefe two Rivers throw themlelvesinto the Toe: About a 
 mile before you arrive at Bologna , there is a very long Bridge, built 
 of Stone;, which reacheth from the one fide of the River to the other 
 whence to Bologna is an eafiy mile. 
 
 BOLOGNA laGraporBOLONUtheFm. 
 
 Bologna was antiently head of the 12. Cities which the tufcans 
 poffelTed on that fide of the Apenines , who being driven out by 
 the French , and the French by rhe Romans, it became a Colony of 
 the Romans, who fent thither 3000. men to inhabit. After the 
 Romans it was fub je&ed to the Grecians, the Longobards ^nd to the 
 Efarcato of Ravenna. Afterwards recovered liberty like the other Ci- 
 ties of Lumbar di , at which time the wicked factions of the Lamber- 
 tazzi, and Geremei arole , and reduced it to great mifery and fervi' 
 tude, which their fufferings caufed them to recommend themfelvs 
 to the Roman chief Bifhop. Afterwards to the Pepoli^ifconti, Bentivo- 
 g'r,and finally it wholly put it felf under the wings of the Pope, who 
 now enjoys it with peace. 
 It is fituated at the Foot of the Apenines in the midft of the Via Emu 
 
 Z 2 lia. 
 
 87 
 
 Novantola 
 
 Forcelli 
 
88 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part I 
 
 Ha, placed according to ltolcmeo in the 6th. Climate , at 33. de- 
 grees and a half, having the faid Apexines on the South, the Via Emi- 
 lia or Rotuan'W ay , on the Eaft, and the pleafant and fertile Cam\ 
 pagnale&dingtoFerrara^andVenetia on the North} At its beginning 
 twas formed a fmall City , according to the accuftomed manner of 
 the Ancients, with two only Gates , the one towards Rome, theo- 
 ther towards Lumbardi. Afterwards in the time of Gratian the Empe- 
 rour, they ad joyned two other Gates, and at the reftauration, which 
 Sattretronio made (after the deftrucfionby7/w<5fo/7«/)theymade9. 
 Gates, as fomefay, 12. as others, where now are extant certain lit- 
 tle Turrets called lurrojetti: At laft enlarged as at this day, the faid 
 Gates were made twelve f and was fo much en crea fed, that certain 
 yeerspaft being meafured within the Wallsjtscircuit was found to be 
 5. miles in length two miles want a quarter, and inbredthonemile, 
 from the Port S. Mammola, to the Port Galliera. 
 
 It is formed in the fimilitude of a Ship, more long than broad , at 
 one fide (hewing the figure of a Prow,and at the other that of a Poop 
 having in the midft the moft high Tower Ajinelli, which reprefents 
 the main Maft, the Tower Garifenna thei-We, and the other fmall 
 Towers, the Shrouds to the eye of the beholder. Within it is no 
 manner of fortification, the Citizens having caff down thofe that 
 were, who confiding in their own valour and prudence, content 
 themfelves with a (ingle Brick- Wall , which encompafles it ; near 
 it runs the River Savona, and through it the Reno ^ which ferves for 
 tranfportation of Merchandiz from Ferrara. 
 
 That Bologna abounds with all things is known to all,whereby they 
 give it theftileof Fatt: Its Fields are fair and brge, producing all 
 forts of Corn, and Wines of the beft forts in Italy, with all kinds of 
 Fruits, particularly Olives , fo bigg and fweet , that they give not 
 place to them of Spain--, it hath alfo Woods for Foul, and Beafts of 
 Chafe, and notwithftanding there be few Lakes, yet tis plentifully 
 ferved with fifh from comacchio and Argenta. 
 
 Here( to maintain their Epithite of Bologna la gra/faj they make 
 thofe famous Salfages,which for their excellency are efteemed a coft- 
 lydifh through the World, asalfoaConferveof Quince and Sugar 
 called gelo or gelly, fit for the Table of a Prince. They here alfo 
 work with great Art, Sheaths for Knives of boyled Leather, and 
 fair Harquebufes, and Flacks or Bottels. They have great numbers 
 of Silk- Worms, from whofe labour they extract quantity of Silk, 
 whereof they make Sarcenet, Velvet,and other Silks, in fuch plen- 
 ty, as that they not only fupply all /ta/y therewith, but E#g/d«^ and 
 the Low Countreys. 
 
 Its Territory affords many parries of white Stones, and great 
 ftore of Hemp and Flax , fome minerals of Allum, with medicinal 
 Fountains both hot and cold. 
 
 It hath but oneriazza, which yet for its largenefs, may be faid 
 to be three con joyned, in the midft whereof ftands a fumptuous 
 marble Fountain, whereon ftands a Brazen Neptune, madebyGfo- 
 vanni Bologna, a Flemifh Sculptor, in very much excellency, whence 
 gufbeth a moft clear ftream of Water. It hath a general uniformity 
 of building, having ftraight and fpatious Streets, and on each fide 
 of them before the Houfes Arches, of the fame Structure, where the 
 
 Citi- 
 
Parti. 
 
 hi D E N A. 
 
 Citizens recreate themfel veswithout fear of the icorching Sun or the 
 drippingR-ains. There is one fpatiousGarden ofthe Poetific another of 
 the Pafelli. Near the Church of S. Giacomt? ^wheie no w appear a good 
 fpace of old rinesu, was formerly a regal Palace of the BentivogU 
 (while they were Lords of W<?»wJwhofe Ma/e% and Magnificence 
 is treated on by Beroaldo. 
 
 Tis adorned with fuperb and fpatious Edifices, afwell for divine 
 worfhip as private ufej Among others the Popes Palace,over the 
 gate whereof is the Statue of a Pope in Brafs 5 anci that of the Campeg 
 gi, (where in the time of Gittlio Terzo } the Council of the P^//and 
 \lidalvezzi met ) are of fuch grandure , that any Prince may be recei- 
 'ved there. The Palace which fronts the Church San Petromo, was 
 built by the Bolonians, for a prifon for Enzo King of Sardegna, where 
 helived,andatthe coft of the publick was royally entertained for 
 twenty yeers,till his death. 
 
 Furthermore the Citizens Houfes are beautified with Vefts and 
 otherthings, totheprideof any others of Italy , and their Sellars fo 
 deep under ground that they apprehend no Earth-quake;The Tow- 
 er Aj'melli, fo named from the founders, and Ganfenda fo called 
 from its pendency downwards, difcover the great ingenuity of the 
 Architector. 
 
 Its principal Temples are , that of San Tktro the feat of theBifhop, 
 where ly many Cardinals, Bifhops, and other learned Doctors, with 
 many Reliques of Saints, Pictures,Sculptures,and Ornaments of gold 
 and Silver of high valew. The Demo which Irands on the P/azza } dc 
 dicate to San Petroniofiifhop and Protector of the City,is fo great and 
 magnificent, that few Churches are equal to it, here charts the 5th. 
 received from Pope clement the 7 th. the C*own of the Empire; The 
 Church of Saint Francis is well built, where Pope Alexander the 5th. a 
 Bolonian lies buried, and Odojfredo and Accurjio , two great Lights of 
 theCivil Law 3 then the magnificent Monaltery of Sun Salvidore } and 
 the noble and rich Nunnery del Corp dt Chrifii , where lies enterred 
 the blelTed Catharine, who was a Nun therein, whofe nails upon 
 the hands and feet grow as if (he were living: The Church of San 
 Giacomosf/\xh its Chapel built by Giovanni fecundo Bentivogl/o 3 was a 
 work only for a King, wherein lies the faid Bwtivoglio, with many 
 ofhisdefcendants, fomeof the Malvezzi, and other illuflrious per- 
 fons, with many Reliques of Saints, guarded in a rich and ftately 
 Altar by Cardinal Poggio. 
 
 The Church of S. Martin where repofe the bones of Beroaldo and 
 Alexandro Achellini the Philofopher. The Church of San Giovanni, 
 entombes an image of Cecilia the Virgin Martyr , painted by the di- 
 vine Rafael of Vrban, the afhes of the bleffed Elena, and Carlo Raino 
 a famous Doctor of Laws, four of thefe Churches Canons h^vebeen 
 Bifhops of Bologna. 
 
 The Church of Saint Stephen the Proto- Martyr , is fumptuous built 
 byS. Petronio, where among other Reliques they fhew the Afhes of 
 8. Vitale, Agricola & Tetronio. The Church of Saint BenediS ^nclofcth 
 isthe Bodyof&*« Proculo the Martyr, and theCel wherein Gratian 
 comrofed his Decretals. In the Church of Saint D<?/»e///r4, » n whofe 
 Quyer is rarely effigiated the old and new Teftaments, here lies En. 
 zo King of Strdegna in a proud Tombe, and many famous Doctors of 
 
 A a Civil 
 
 % 
 
9© 
 
 The Hiflory o.flTJLT, Parr 1. 
 
 Civil Laws s and Phyfick, as alfo Tadeo and Giacomo Tepoli f who fome 
 time were 1 ords ofBolonia at the high Altarmay be fecn many Re- 
 liques of Saints, of which are the body of San Domenickj, en vvhofe 
 Tomb are layed more than 300. Figures or Gold and Silver , and 
 one ofthe Thorns of the Crown ol our Saviour, with the Bible writ 
 ten by the hand of E[dras t in the Hebrew Tongue, in white parch- 
 ment 5 here repofes alfo the Body of San Domentck^ the Patriark, 
 and inftitu tor of that Order , with many other ftately Tombs, Can- 
 dlefticks, Lamps, Cenfers, and other Ornaments. This Church hath 
 a noble Convent, with many Cloyfters, and Dormitories for the 
 Fryers, aui a large Refefrory excellently painted, and one of the 
 largeft Cellars of Italy 5 therein islikewife a Ctmetory wherein to 
 bury the Fryers. And an excellent Library, fcarcs any equal, none 
 better to be found, kept and encreafed dayly by the Fathers with 
 great diligence, and here fits the Inquifition. In this Convent dwell 
 one hundred and fifty Religious, and here they keep the publique 
 Studies of the Sciences, which hath occafioned principally that five 
 Popes, many Cardinal?, Bifhops, and holy Fathers have proceeded 
 hence f among which were San Pietro the Martyr,S*# Ranmndo & Egi~ 
 dir Fofcararni Bifhop of Modenajnho behaved himfelf prudently and 
 learnedly ?.t the Council oiTrent* 
 
 The firft Bifhop of Bologna was SanZanta^v/ho in the 27oth-yeer*after 
 Chriftfi.ft preached the Faith heve 3 DiomJius being then Pope,whom 
 7 1 .ha ve fucceeded of good Dofttine and holy converfdtion,of whom 
 nine are Canonized,and two held for Saints. 
 
 Moreover from this excellent Country have Iflued 6. Martyrs,i 3. 
 Confeflbrs, 14.. Men Saints, and 7. Women. It hath 179. Churches, 
 that is 33. fjr the Company of Laickj ] 3. Abbacies, 2. Prepofitors, 
 2. for the Regular Priefts, 24. for the Fryers, 23. Monafteries for 
 Nuns, 10, Hofpitals, 5. Priorates, 2. Collegiate Churches, and 
 the Dotao, which is confecrate to Saint Fer<r 3 and giveth the title of 
 Prince to its Bifhop, with a great Revenew,with many other Chur- 
 ches which are either Parochials or Oratories. 
 
 The Univerfity was placed in Bologna , by Theodofus theEmperor, 
 intheyeer of our Lord 425. and much amplified afterwards by 
 Charles the great , and Lotario the Emperor; the firft Reader ofthe 
 Civil Laws here was 7r«era,induced thither by the faid Lotario^ace 
 when many wife and well-read men in all fciences have proceeded 
 hence; in the time of Giovan Andrea the Splendour ofthe Canon Law 
 and Azone the Fountain of the civil Law, we read there were ten 
 thoufand Students in this City. Azone faies Legalinm Jiudjorumfem- 
 per Monarchiam tennit Bononia^hence tis that Gregory the 9th. directed 
 his decretals to thellniverfity of Bolonia and Boniface the 8th. Sijio , 
 aadGiovanni the 24th.theBookoftheC/t7Wt»//»ex. 
 
 The Fabrick ofthe Univerfity is very proud, with a large Hall and 
 fpatious Courts.In the City are many Colleges for feveralNations,and 
 to fpeak its praifes in one word,tis a moft happy Univerfity,and me- 
 rits that Character which all men give it, viz. 
 
 Bonanza docet^ Bononia mater Studiorum. 
 
 The City contains §0000. Souls, among them many noble Fami- 
 lies, with many titled, as Dukes, Marquefes, Counts,Captains of War, 
 befides infinite Scholars. Its 
 
Parti. BO L OGNA. j 91 
 
 Its Riches are great and equally divided among the Citizens, 
 whence tis that they alwaies preferved a good reputation. It fought 
 with Federicl^ BarbaroJJ'a , and took his Son F»30 Prifoner, maintain, 
 ing him fplendidly for 22, yeers. It fubjugated more than once, 
 Forli^lmola^ Faenza, cefena, Cervia, and other places. Itglorioufly 
 maintained a War againft the / enetians^ for 3. yeers together, with 
 an Army of forty thoufand men, and had fome Families very potent, 
 asmayappearby that of theL^^er^z-z,/, who being baniflied with 
 all its followers, out oiBologna, in the yeer 1 274. they fay that what 
 with Men, Women, and Servants, they who by that decree went 
 out,amounted to the number of fifteen thoufand pcrfons. 
 
 The Burroughs and Suburbs of B LONIA. 
 
 FOrth of Bolonia 3 towards the Weft,at the Foot of the Mountains, 
 is the Church of SanGiofeJfo, and the Monaftery of the Certonifi. 
 Upon the top of the Mountain Guardia ) is reverenced an Image of 
 the blefled Virgin drawn by thelnndofs. Luke. Out of the Gate 
 towards the Emilian Way , there is a noble Monaftery of the Crut- 
 ched Fryers , and towards the South the Church Mijericordia^wheie 
 refide the reverend Fryers of Saint Augufiwe. Oat of the Gate San 
 Mammob, is a Monaftery of the Jefuites, and upon the hill is the 
 miraculous Madonna del Monte, a Church of the Benedi&ine Fryars, 
 where arc the natural effigies of Bajfarione and Nicholo Verotto. 
 
 Towards the Eaft is the Church of San Vittore, placed among the 
 Hills, where Bartolo the moft learned Do&or, refided 3. yeers as it 
 were unknown, near which are ftately Palaces. Without the city 
 alfo ftands San Michelle in bofco, upon a hill , with a rich and proud 
 Monaftery. The Church is garniftied with fair Colums, Statues, and 
 Sculptures of Marble, and fumptuous Altars with rare pictures, the 
 guire with excellent Land skips,t here is a ftately Library,&refecl:o- 
 ry with excellent Pictures drawn by Vafari among, them the effigies 
 of clement the 7th. in theCloyfter lies buried Antonio diButrio , a 
 DodorofLaws, and Ramazzotto, a valourous Captain in the Wars. 
 Its apportments are excellent Archite&ure, and its gardens moft de- 
 litious, from which Monaftery , befides the City and Territory of 
 Bolonia, you have a full profped of the pleafant Country oiLumbardy 
 fo much commended by Polibiut, in the fecond book of his hiftories 
 as alfo of thofeSnowy hills the Alps, which appear like Clouds } the A» 
 driaticSea,and the mouth of thePoe,whichruns into theSea by many 
 branches, zndYikewik of Mantoua^errara, ItnohyMirandola, ando- 
 ther furrounding places, which feem as fo many fair Rofes and flow- 
 ers difperfed over thofe Fields. 
 
 The Teritory of BQLOGHA. 
 
 TRa vailing out of Bologna , South- Weft, you meet with the 
 moft antient Monaftery orPriorateofS<*»fc* Maria del Reno } 
 whence have proceeded 2 Popes, with many Cardinals, Bifhops, 
 1 Saints, and other Religious. Then turning on the left hand towards 
 I the Apeninef, and keeping the River Reno, on the right, you arrive 
 at the Bridge Cafalecchio, a little farther you fee the Chiefa } which is a 
 . Aa 2 Wall 
 
91 
 
 Coloffina 
 
 Panico 
 
 Vergata 
 
 Braghl 
 Porrctta 
 
 8ntrio 
 
 &K4rdina 
 
 Gueljo 
 
 TheHiftory oilTALT, Part I 
 
 Wall traverfing the Reno from fide to fide , to force the Water down 
 a Chanel, cut artificially to Bologna. , for the driving certain Engines 
 and Mils for grindidg Corn, for making Veffels of Copper,and Arms 
 for War, for beating of Spices, and Galnuts, for twifting of 
 Silks, for burnifhing of Arms, and for edging of divers Inftruments, 
 for making of Paper, sowing of Planks, and divers other Myfteries, 
 and in the end to convey the Barks to Maklbergo t and thence on the 
 Toe , to Ferrara. Then you enter the Vale flew, between the River 
 andtheHills, which is moft productive of all Grains and Fruits, in 
 which Valley ftands the magnificent Palace of the Rojfi, a Palace for 
 its capacioufnefs and delights fit to lodge an Em peror^ on the Hill 
 near it is theTown ColoJJim^wch before you can afcend you muft pafs 
 under a Rock by a way cut thorow with Iron, on the left hand be- 
 holding a prodigious hollow, through which the K eni pallet h. Then 
 you find Fanico, a Town a long time poiTeffed by the Family ot Pani- 
 co, which at this day is wholly extintt. More forward one difcovers 
 a fair Plain called Mifano, and in itcertain foot-fteps of Edifices, 
 and other Antiquities, purfuing which way you arrive at the Town 
 Vergata^ the feat of the Captain who hath Jurisdiction over the Inha- 
 bitants of the adjacent Villages,, and isdiiitant 15. miles from E !oni- 
 a. Whence travailing on the right hand, (he w themfelves Ce//V, Barg- 
 hi, and C'ifllighone , Caftles of the Signori Pepoli , near whereto are 
 the confines of the Florentine Territories, but on the right h<nda- 
 long the Banks of the Reno , are the Baths of Forretta, where from 
 Rocks gufh out hot Waters very medicinal, whofe virtue ismani- 
 fefted to all by the Proverb which faies Chi beve I'acqua ddla Barrett a, 
 oche lo fpazza, chelonetta, thence taking the right-hand way, you 
 enter the Graffignana, treated of diffufely before. 
 
 Taking the Way through the Gate Galliera, towards Ferrara, you 
 meet CorticelLi , then puffing the Bridge over the Reno you fee San 
 Georgio a Caftle ten miles off Bologna, where leaving the Caftles Cen- 
 to andP/ew, on the left, appears Foggio, appertaining to the noble 
 FamilyL<*«Z>er/v»/,intending then for Ferrarayou muft keep the direct 
 Road, 
 
 On the right hand of which Way near the Canale 3 lies ~Bcntivoglio y 
 a fumptuous Palace with a Tower in the midftof aftrongFort, 
 whence faylingdown the Canale in Boats, called Sandoli, one paffeth 
 by MalalbergO) an Inn in famous by name andDeeds,£0f/7yra/;aTa* 
 vern, Minerbo a Town , and Butrio a Caftle,whcfe Counttey affords 
 plenty of Hemp, which for its length and ftrength is much efteem- 
 ed at Venice, and by them ufed for Cordage for their VelTels. Near 
 the Emilian way, towards the Eaft , ftand Molinella a Palace, Bolonia- 
 ii Falti, a Village, Medicina a Caftle,and Ricardina a Town, between 
 which was fought that fharp battail by the Army c fEartlomeo Cogliono 
 agaiuft that of Gakazzo Sforza Son of the Duke Francefco 3 where\n the 
 faid/3<*r/0/0«/e<?,remained Conqueror,and near hereto, lies the Valley 
 Argenta^ and the CaftleGae/ftf, where' begin theTerritories of Imola. 
 
 On the Via Emilia towards Romagna ( five miles off Bologna on the 
 right hand lie moft pleafant Hills, beautified with Palaces, Gardens 
 and Fruit Trees, and fome Woods of Juneper the harbour of much 
 Foul, which Hills afford the fweeteft and largeft Olives of Jtaly^ot 
 at all inferiour to them ofs^/w.Near w c ^ lies theWay leading toFlo- 
 
Parti. 
 
 FLORENCE. 
 
 rence. Near the Emilian Way alfo runs the River Savena 3 over which 
 is built a Bridge of Brick, not far from which are difcovered the ru- 
 ines of another ftately Bridge , which was raifed at the coft of the 
 Countefs Matilda. On the right hand appear the feet or the Apeniues, 
 with fome Hills embellifhed with Towns and Villages. On ihe left 
 is a good and fertile Plain, and the Road to Ferrara t and on one fide 
 of the Emilian Way , are the Ruine9 of the Antient City Quaterna, 
 which was deftroyed by the Bolonjavs, in theyeer 585. after a long 
 Battail, and on the other fide is the Caftle Butrio, ten miles off" which 
 you finde the River Selero,ovei which is a Bridge of ftone^near which 
 ftands the Gaftle San Tietro, built by the Bolonians, whofe Fields af- 
 ford plenty of Grain , Flax , and Fruit, and the Ferry no lefs gain ; 
 on the right hand of Selero, ftands Dozza, a C aftle endowed with the 
 title of a Count , belonging to the Family Campeggi in Bolonia, and 
 Taradello a Convent of the Fryers ofthe third order of San Francefco, 
 called Minimi, built with wonderfull coft and Artifice by Pope Gin • 
 /mrthe fecond, tis thence to Imolo a mile 
 
 Having perufed all the Territory of Bologna, nothing remains but 
 the number of People, which what in the Territories with the Cities 
 and Burroughs amount to 207797. Souls. 
 
 The Getts or Journies from BOLOGNA 
 toFLOKENCE, SIENNA, 
 and ROME 
 
 TO go to Florence, you muft travail South Eaft, out of the Gate 
 S. steffano, through a pleafant, and fertile Country, wherein 
 rife fome Hills, and having gone ten miles, you arrive at Pianora, a 
 Town filled with Hofteries , then at Loiano , among the (harp Hills, 
 fomewhat farther lies Scara s a place much honoured by its Country- 
 man Romafciato^a. famous Souldier,re/7\* Mala,& Fierenzuola, a new 
 Caftle built by the Florentines: Thence after palling the River, you 
 muft gain the top of the Adenines through a rough and laborious way 
 having no repofe in all that Straight three miles pafTage , till the ari- 
 val at a little Hoftery at the very top, on the left hand of which paf' 
 fage lies a profound Vally, fo deep and fo horrid, that it many times 
 turns the brain of the Traveller to behold it,& hath occafioned fome 
 thofe in daggering whimfes, to fall down to their inevitable rufne. 
 Defcending from whence you attain Scarperia, fo called from its fite, 
 on the flopenefs of the Apenines, whence the eye may behold the 
 lovely places of Tuftany : Finally having travailed fifty miles from 
 Bologna you reach Florence. 
 
 Fioren%aUBeUa. FLORENCE the Fair. 
 
 "C Lorence doth not boaft it felf much of antiquity,being foundedbut 
 \ an inconfiderable time before theTriumvirate,8c divers are the o- 
 pinionsabout its building, fome will have it built by theFieJblani s who 
 confidering the difficulty & fharpnefs of the afcent, & defcent of the 
 Mountain whereon Fiefole was built, by little and little abandoned 
 Fiefole, and built their habitations in the plain near the Banks of Ar» 
 
 Bb «Wj 
 
 «3 f 
 
 Qvaterna 
 
 San Pietro 
 Dow 
 
 Pjanora 
 Scar a) 
 
 Scarperia 
 
9+ 
 
 The Hiftor y of IT ALT, Part 1. 
 
 no. Others fay by the Flmntines who here dwelt. As to its name, it was 
 called Florence, either from its fo great felicity, in the fuddainnefs 
 of its increafe, like a Flower to its perfeft beauty, or for that it was 
 made a Colony to Rome-, the Flower of the World. Tis feated in a 
 plain,andis cut through in two parts by the River Arno. Tis corn- 
 palled on the Eaft and Northparts,inthe likenefs of a half Theatre by 
 pleafant Hills, and on the Weft it hath a glorious Plain, extending 
 it felf forty miles broad, placed between Arezzo & pifa, aud is fe- 
 cured from the force of the Enemy by the Adenines 5 tis five miles in 
 compafs, and rather of a long than circular Form. Heretofore it had 
 4 principal Gates, and 4 Pofternes, when alfo it had 62. Towers the 
 habitations of Gentlemen. Afterwards it was in great part deftroy- 
 ed by Attila King of the Goths, who flew fome of the Citizens. After 
 which the Walls were caft down by the Fiejolani , and the barbarous, 
 which moleftations, enforced theGltizens to quit it and retreat to 
 adjicentCaftles, and fo it remained wholy deprived of inhabitants 
 till the year of the Incarnation of our Lord 802. When Charles the 
 great from his Crownation as Emperor at Rome, returning for France, 
 ftayed there fome daies, and the place being agreable to him he gave 
 beginning to the Walls, and therein erefted 150 Towers, one hun- 
 dred braces or Yards in the heighth, and enjoyned all the difperfed 
 Citizens to re-inhabit it ; from that time it augmented daily , and 
 was governed in Liberty , being (for all that) many times infinitely 
 perplexed with the wicked Factions of the A T er/,and Bianchi^xhe CueU 
 fi 3 and Gibelliui. 
 
 Antiently their Government was thus. They created two Con • 
 fills for one year, giving them a Senate of one hundred Fathers wife 
 men, afterwards this Order changed, and ten Citizens elefted cal- 
 ling them Antiani, which order was alfo feveral times changed, 
 through the differences between the Gentlemen and Citizens, and 
 theCitizensand common people. 
 
 The Citizens by their Ingenuity heaped up mjflph Riches, and that 
 made their pride fo great , that the one would nor give place to the 
 other. It fubdued many Ciities biTitfcanji and Romagha, particularly 
 rijaz potent Republick is at prefent under one fole Prince with it. 
 
 TheferenefsandgoodncfsofthcAyr generates many good Wits 
 there, and their Ingenuity procures great Riches. It is divided ( as 
 aforefaid) by the Arno, over which are built four magnificent Erid- 
 ges. It hath plenty of all things, from theenvironing Hills, Plains, 
 and the navigable River. It ftands as it were in the heart of Italy t 
 is the conftant refidence of its Prince^d its people are fo induftrious 
 that there is fcarce a Merchandizing City in the World without fome 
 Florentine Merchants, which gave occafion to Pope Boniface the XI. 
 to fay that the Florentines were the 5th. Element 5 no City in Europe 
 (except Rome) produced more Architeftors, Painters, and Sculptors 
 than this, whence tis that it abounds with admirable Palaces,Tem- 
 ples, Pictures, and Statues, upon one of the Bridges is the Gold- 
 SmithsStreet,upon another of ftately ftrufture the feafons of the year, 
 in Marble. Oppofite to|this ftands a Column of an immenfe bignefs, 
 and upon the top thereof a'Statue of Juftice in Porphire, which Cof- 
 mus the firft great Duke raifedas aTrophein that place, for that 
 walking for paftime,the newes there firft reached him of the great 
 
 Vi#o- 
 
Parti. 
 
 FLORENCE, 
 
 Viftory which the Marquek Marignano, obtained over ftetro Stroz- 
 zi, in the yeer 1555 and with it Sienna, near it is the Palazzo de 
 Strozzi, no lefs to be admired for the imuienfity of its Fabricks,than 
 for its rude Archite&ure. Here on the right lies the Merchants vault 
 fupported with fayr Pillars, and before it a Brafen Bore,cafting forth 
 Waterjftrait on is the Piazza Maggiore , or great place , in the midft 
 whereof is the Statue o\ Cofmns the great Duke on Horfe back in 
 Brafs with this infcription on each fide of the Baft. 
 
 Cofmo Medici Magno, Etruria Duci Vrimo, Vio , Felici, Invito, Ju* 
 fio, dementi, Sacre Militiie i racifqite in EtrUria Authori, Patri, 
 & Principi Optimo, Ferdinandtts F. Mag. Dux, Ma?. Dux 1. 1. 1, 
 erexit. An. CIC.ICLXXXXI V. 
 
 behind this, 
 
 Profligatit hoftil>*ts> in deditionem acceptis Senenjibw. Plenis liberis 
 Sen. Fl. Suffragiit Dux Patria renunciatur. 
 
 Ob. Zelam Religionis pr<ecipuiimque Jufiitix Studium. 
 
 Between which Horfe and the Piarnzo Vecchio, is a Fountain , and 
 ronnd about its Laver the Family of Neptune, with hwGolofs of 
 Marble in the midft^bore up by fourHorfeSjthe whole not to be paral- 
 lel, much lefs excelled by humane Art. 
 
 The Porch in the fame Piazza is remarkeable for its Arch and Sta- 
 tues, one whereof is of Judith in Brafs, and in another ftoneare 
 pourtrayed three perfons>in fe Veral poftures , cut all out of the fame 
 ftone reprefenting the Rape of the Sabines. 
 
 O p polite unto the Piazza ftands the Royal Palace of the Duke, at 
 the entrance into which,ftands a Coloflus of David, made by Micha- 
 el Ange!o t and another of Hercules treading on Gacus; within is a (late- 
 ly Coutt fet about with Pillars of Corinthian Work, and over them 
 painted the famoiisdeeds of Cofmut the great Duke and all the pla« 
 cesfubje&unto that Dntc hy, above them is a fpatious Hall with di- 
 vers Statues, among them one of Pope Leo the tenth, another of 
 Pope element the feventhj both of the Family of the Medkies, from 
 whence the Dukes Gallery invites a view, in the lower ftory where- 
 of fit the Courts of Juftice , with an Arcade to walke in, on each <lde 
 above are the (hops of the Dukes Artijans, In the uppermoft p i c are 
 prefervedas many wonders as things, fome to be admired for their 
 richnefs, rarity, and Art, others for their antiquity , On each fide of 
 the Gallery are placed above 800 Statues, among them that of the 
 Idol brought from the Temple oiApoUo at Delphos with this verfe on 
 thePideftaL 
 
 Vtpotui hue vent Delpis &fratre reli&o, 
 
 And that of Scipio Africanus , holding up his Gown under his Arm 
 are moft admirable , over the Statues hang the Pictures of the moft 
 famous Scholars and Souldiers of the modern times. 
 
 At the right handof this Gallery are fe veral Stanzaes of Curiofities 
 which none can behold without aftonifnment at the richnefs and va- 
 riet y of obferveable things. B b 2 _Jn. 
 
 91 
 

 
 5>u TheHiftory oilTALT, Part I 
 
 In the firf t Room , stands the Tabernacle or Altar deftined for St 
 Laurence Chapel, all of choice Marble, compacted with Jewels and 
 pretious ftones of an ineftimable valew. 
 
 In the fecond is a Table with flowers and Birds in their natural 
 Colours of pretious Stones, with a Cabinet of 200000. Crowns in 
 valew withinwhich is the paflion of ourSaviour with the twelveApo- 
 ftles all carved in Amber. 
 
 In the third is a Cabinet with Calcidon Pillars filled with antient 
 Medals of Gold, and round about infinite other natural and artifici- 
 al curiofities , amongft them the Nayl turned half into Gold by Al- 
 chimy, and the Emperors head cut on a Turquoife , as big as a Wal- 
 nut 5 next is the Armory, and therein the habits and divers forts of 
 Arms of feveral Ages and People, amongft them the King of Chittaes 
 habit, Hannibals Head-piece, and tharlentains Sword. And likewife 
 a Magnet which attra&sfck fu pports fourfcore pound weight of Iron. 
 
 Inthelaft, is the curious Turnery of Ivory, and a Pillar of Orien- 
 tal Alablafter, and in the Gardrobe are 1 2. Cubbards of silver Plate, 
 and a fervice of Maflie Gold , and a Saddle embroidered all over 
 with Pearls and Diamonds, which with many other ineftimable cu- 
 riofities C a theme copious enough for a volume) declare the Wealth 
 of this Prince equal with any Kings in Chriftendom 
 
 From the faid Gallery is a Corridor or private paflage (wherein is 
 an admirable brafs Statue of Perfeut ) to the proud Palace Pitti . on 
 the other fide of the River, where the Duke keeps his Court. Its 
 Front is very Majeftique, towards the bjfis of Dorick^ work, in the 
 midft Ionick., in the uppermoft Corinthian. In the Court is a Grot 
 with Statues, and a Magnet of a prodigious greatnefs, and over it a 
 Fountain. Its Gardens are moft fpatious , embellifhed with Groves, 
 Walks, Labirynths, Fountains, wherein are Swans, OftrichesjDee^ 
 Hares, and all other recreative Creatures. It alio hatha Seraglio, 
 wherein his Highnefs maintains all forts of Savage Creatures in their 
 feveral Stanzaes, as Lyons, Bears, Wolves, Tygres, &c. which 
 according to their feveral fpecies there breed, and are placed in fuch 
 order that all reforting beholders are aftonifht at ir. 
 
 The Streets are large, long , ,and ftrait 5 paved with Flint , and on 
 each fide of them are many ftately Palaces, bedecked with rare fta > 
 tues, Fountains, &c. by which with its other fingularities hath the 
 City acquired the Surname of Florence the fayr. 
 
 The Chnrches are fo muchbeautifyed, with thedefignofArchi- 
 teftture,Sculpture,Pifture 3 and other Guriofities,that who fhould de- 
 fcribe them particularly muft write a volume, ytt the wonderful 1 
 Temple Santa Maria del Fiore, muft not bepafied infilence, where 
 Filino and Giotto , two excellent men in Limning and Architecture 
 ly buried. Therein are the twelve Apoftles cut in Marble by the moft 
 excellent Sculptors of that Age. The ttupendious Cupola ( adorned 
 with the pieces of Vafari and Zucharo } famous painters) erected by 
 Brancefco Brunelefcozt that heighth is fo large that the brafs Globe at 
 top will contain 1 6. perfons , the Steeple is all built with incompa. 
 rable Marble ftones and garnifhed with Statues, wrought by thofe 
 famous Statuaries in emulation one of another. Before which ftands 
 the Babti fiery built in an 0&ogon t antiently the Temple of Mars 3 
 herein ftands thatEgregiousVeflelorFont of pretious^tones wherein 
 
 they 
 
Parti. 
 
 FLORENCE. 
 
 97 
 
 they baptize their Infants, whofe tour Gates of Brafs are efteemed 
 without their equal. Herein Baldejfar Goffa once Pope of R.o«?e(depo- 
 fedfrom the Papacy, at the Council olCoJianza)\'ies buried in an ar- 
 tificial Sepulchcr of Brafs made by Donatello , with his effigies and 
 thefe Letters. Balthafar Co/fa, olim Joannes vigefimus tertius. 
 
 The noble Temple Santa Maria Novella, for its marvellous Stru- 
 cture may be compared to any other of Italy, which Michael A ngelo 
 was wont to call his Venus. 
 
 Among its other notable things appears the Sepulchre of the Patri- 
 archs of Confiantinople who fubfcribed to the Council celebrated un- 
 der Eugenius the fourth, near to which Church adjoyns the fumptu- 
 ous Njonaftery for the Fryers, wherein were celebrated certain feffi- 
 onsof A general Council, in the prefenceof ihe Latin and Greek 
 Church 3 thePope,the Emperor and four Patriarkes. 
 
 The Mirrour of Art and wonder of this Age Saint Laurence Chapel 
 isfo gIorious,that who enters muft imagine himfelf in fome place a- 
 bove terreft rial, which is overlayed with fine polifht Stones 3 of all 
 colours upon Earth dugg up within the Dukes Territories, twas 
 built by Coj'mo Medici, and in the midft of this Church (lands his Se- 
 pulchre with this Epitaph, Decreto publico, PatriPatri£, with many 
 other fuujptuous tombs, therein alio is a Library (not defpicablej 
 founded by Pope Clement the 7th- the Church Santa Croce hath a moft 
 irately Pulpit, in it is the fumptuous Sepulchre of Leonardo Aretino, 
 and the Temple of Michael Angelo Bonorota, made by his own hand. 
 Over his Urn ftand thofe three Arts he was fo renowned for; bewai- 
 ling the lofs of their Patron. Herein alfoisafayrOrgan, fetupat 
 the charge oitofmus the great Duke, the very manufacture whereof 
 coft 4000. Crowns. The Church Santo Spirito , is built with the 
 ftricl: rules of Architure,and fupported by vaft longColumns of Stone, 
 and hath a fair Cloyfter tor the Jacobins , which was painted by the 
 Greek/ i before the Italians knew that Art. The graceful Fabrick of 
 the Monajiery of Saint Marks hath a gracefull Chapel for the Signori 
 Salviati, wherein is the Tombe of Saint Antonio Arch-Bifhopof Flo- 
 rence, and there one may read this Epitaph oilicni Mirandola&ne* 
 minent Scholar. 
 
 Joannes jacet hie Mirandula , c£tera n orunt 
 Et Tagus,& Ganges for fan, & Antipodes, 
 
 The Annunciade, is a place of great Devotion, whither every fea- 
 fon refort infinite people to a Madenna , drawn by the hand of Saint 
 Luke, tis a magnificent Temple filled with ornaments of Gold and 
 Silver Statues , gemmes and other rich gifts , it hath a fumptuous 
 Monaftery, and in it a fair Library and Stndy. There are many fayr 
 Churches which for brevity fake are omitted. Ithath^.Hofpitals, 
 44. Pariih Churches, i2priorates, 54. Monafteries of Nunns, 24 
 of Fryers, with other Confraternities of Children in great number, 
 whence as alfo from the infinite number of Fryers of allOrders in this 
 City, we may collect 5 that the Florentines are more enclined to Re- 
 ligion, than any other People of Italy. 
 
 This renowned Country hath been the Birth-place of many excel- 
 lent Ingenuities , who have not onely been a glory to it , but to all 
 C c Italy. 
 
Prttolho 
 
 Fiifoli 
 
 Mvgelh 
 
 The Hifiory oilTALT, Part I. 
 
 Italy. Some whereof follow Saint Antonio* Arch-bifhop of Flo- 
 rencejyt.Gionan Gnalbarto,St. Andrea Carmelitano,St F ilippo deServi .with 
 others, who have either instituted new Religious Orders, or refor- 
 med theold. FourPopes, I eon the 10th. Clement -the 7th. Leouthe 
 ntb. ofthe Family of the Medici, and clement the 8th. ofthe houfe 
 of Aldobrandmi , with many other Cardinals, Bifhops and other 
 Prelates of the Court of Rome, many excellent Captains in War, a- 
 mong them Pietro Strozzi, grand Marlhal of France. And infinite 
 Perfons excelling in Letters, as Dante, Tetrarca, Eocacccio^ Cavalcante , 
 Eeniviedi, i'olitiano, Crinito, Ficino-, Palmerio, paJJavanti,Cino ddGar^ 
 bo, a Phyfician, Macchiavel Accucfir,GloJJ'at9ri,Donato Acciaivolo. And 
 for Painter5,Sculptors,and Architefrors , it hath produced io many , 
 that we may fay chofe Arts are to them proper and connatural, it 
 hath two Accademies, one for Painting , the other for the vulgar 
 Tongue, whereof the Florentines are heads and Matters. Wemuft 
 not omit one good Argument of their ftate Abilities, which was that 
 at one intrant in the time of Pope Boniface the 9th. there refided 13. 
 Florentines, as EmbafTadors from divers Princes at Kome. It hath 
 feveral noble Families, whereof fome are gone into France, where 
 they dwell with Titles and Principalities, others to Venice, Hid others 
 to K«»e, who all live in honour.The City contains 8 5-thoufand Souls. 
 
 For eight miles round about the City, there feems another Florence 
 fo full are the Fields fpeckled with Country Seats, fome for publick 
 ufe ; as the fumptuous Monaftery called the Abbacy of Fiejole, founded 
 by cofmo Medici, the Monaftery of Saint Domcnick., which yet retains 
 the Epifcopal Seat, one walk of Pyne Trees two mile long, andano- 
 ther of Ciprefes leading to Fioggio,whh many more. And others for 
 private as rratolino, much fpoken of,which Francejco the great Duke 
 built, adorning it with Palaces., Statues, Pictures, and Fountains, 
 fo well contrived and difpofed that tis worthily efteemed one ofthe 
 pleafant places of Italy. 
 
 Two miles forth of Florences the Foot of the Apenines^ appears 
 fome Footfteps of the ancient Cky Fiefole, where formerly the South* 
 fayers, and fortune- tellers inhabited. It was antitntly of that pow- 
 er, that it gave affifrance to SUlicone, the Roman Captain^ for the de- 
 ftru&ionoftheC'tfr/iJ-, whereof were then (lain above one hundred 
 thoufand. The prernifes confidered, we may conclude there is no 
 Province in Italy more furnimt with delightful! and well- peopled 
 Cities, than that ofthe Great Duke, whofe Anceftors by uniting the 
 States of three Republicks together, to wit, Pifa, Florence, and Siena, 
 doth now entirely pofiefs all Tujcany, the nobler part or Italy , his 
 Revenue exceeds ioocoo. pound fieri, per. Annum. 
 
 SCAKPEK1A. 
 
 ON the way which leads to Bologna ftands Scarperia .being 1 6 miles 
 from / lorence^ noted for Knives, Cizers , and other fuch like 
 things, there made. And among thofe Mountains lies the moft fruit- 
 full Mugello , Whofe Inhabitants, are called Mugellini. Here Cofmus 
 retreated for his delight , when he wasfolemnly ftyled Duke of Flo- 
 uence, commanding a Fort and Palace to be built and environed them 
 within a fpatious Wall, wherein he kept wildebeafts for the Chafe. 
 
 More 
 
 1 
 
PartL PIS A 
 
 More forwards lies the Way to Faenza, a nd Romagna, near it begins 
 the Crej'entino % contained between the lionta and Arno , reaching to 
 Arezzo, well peopled and very fertile. And from the higeft Moun- 
 tains, you may look down into the Vally Ontbroje where Giovanni 
 Gudlberto a Florentine , gave beginning to the Order named Religione 
 di Valle Ambrofi, in the yeer of our Lord 1070. and alfo into Vm 
 bria. 
 
 Oathe North- Eaft part lies the Palace Foggio, of the great Dukes, 
 a houfe fwarming with Statues, and rarities, and a Park for Beafts of 
 Chafe, where is alfo a Fw /£££<*. Andoppofite to it lies the noble Ca- 
 ttle Frato accounted one of the firft four oi Italy, here they make bread 
 white as Snow, and here they keep with great devotion the Garter 
 of the Virgin Jl/ary, a little more near the Adenines, is Jllsnte Murlo, 
 much fpokenof for the taking thofe Florentines , which fled out of 
 Florence, and there embodied, by AleJJandro Vitelli, Captain for Cof. 
 mns the Duke, which fecured his Principality. 
 
 r 1ST 01 A. 
 
 AFterwhich, entring a lovely Plain, you meet the city Fijioia, 
 twenty miles off Florence, which though little, is neatly com- 
 parand ri:h, and would have been better, had it not much groned 
 under the faftions of its own Citizens. Twenty miles o£pijioi<t Hands 
 Lucca, which governs it felf in Liberty, and by theftrengthof its 
 Wall, the fUchnefs of Trade, and the Induftry of its own citizens, 
 maintains it felf well with all things necefiary,tis an ancient City,and 
 was made a Colony of the Romans. Defidcrins the King built its ftrong 
 Walls which with its fite enabled it to endure a fix moneths fiegeby 
 Narfites^ towards the Sea 8 frand yet the footfteps of the Temple of j 
 Hercules jtheR.\vev Serchiojum clofe byLucca 3 whtnce the famous baths j 
 of Italy are ten miles diftant. J Lucca 
 
 Out of Florence towards the Weft in that fpatious Plain, ftands the 
 C&ttlesExnpoli, and Fucecchio, there is alfo aLake of that name, as alfo 
 San Miniato al'Fodcfcofo called for that twas built by certain Germans 
 under Dejiderius their King, 
 
 PJSA. 
 
 COafting the River Arno ^ you attain Pija, an antient City built 
 long before Rome by the Grecians , and was one of the 1 2 Cities 
 of Infcany , it was powerfull at Sea, and obtained many victories a- 
 gainft the Genovefi, it fubdued Cartagine t conquered thelflandof 
 Sardegna, and delivered its King Prifoner to the Pope. It recovered 
 Palermo in Siciliaout of the hands of theSarazens who had long enjoy- 
 ed it,it flew thesarazenKmz o£Majorca,\t fent 40 Galleys in affift ance 
 to Almerico, King of Jernfalem , againft the Sarazens , who poffelTed 
 Alexandria. It greatly affifted the Popes in their ad verfity. It was fo 
 potent, happy, and rich, that Saint Thomxfo treating of the four 
 things, reckons it among the four moft potent Cities of Italy. But 
 from that time that at the inftance and requeft ofFrederick Barbarojfa, 
 it captivated fo many Prelates of iheRomilJ) Church,& rwoCardinals 1 
 which came trom France to the Later anian "Council, it only decayed i 
 
 C c 2 from x 
 
toe I TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part I 
 
 from bad to worfe , till it loft Liberty and Power, yet in procefs of 
 time by the refidence of the Knights of S. Stefano,and the Univerfity, 
 it recovered andftill preferves the Countenance of an honourable 
 City, Plato will have it well fituated, being four miles then ("now 
 eight Jfrom the Sea, fo that tis not placed upon the Sea fhore,but near 
 it, not upon the Mountains but near them, in a Plaisjuftfo divi- 
 ded from the royal River Arno, as Plato fancies his City. Tis endow- 
 ed with four thiDgs which create wonder, the Church of Saint John, 
 the Domo, the Steeple,and Zampo Santo, which was raifed with that 
 very holy Earth , which they brought home in their Galleys , when 
 50 of them were fent to afiift the Emperor in the recovery of the ho- 
 ly Land. On one fide of it lies Lucca, on the other Livorgeo,ox 
 Ligorne. Twas deftroyed by the Florentines -in the yeer 1509. 
 
 Intending from Florence to Siena, you muff go out at the Porta Ro. 
 mana , through which Charles the fifth entred after his Vi&ory in A- 
 fricl^, and fo paffing by the Monaftery Certojini, attain CaJJuKo,Taver. 
 nelli, and Staggia, by a direct way,having pleafant hills and fruit- 
 full Valleys, on each fide. In the way appears the Caftic Certaido, the 
 Birth- place of Giovani Boccaccio, the Prince of In] can Poets, who dy- 
 ed in the 62. yeer of his Age in the yeer of our Lord 1375. and was in. 
 terred in a Marble Tombe in the Domo of Certaldo with this Epi- 
 taph. 
 
 Hacfub molejacent cineres, ac off a Joannis. 
 
 Mensfedet ante Demi meritis ornata laborum 
 
 Mor talis vit£ gcnitor Boccaccius tlli 
 
 Patria Certaldum,fiudiumfuit alma Poejis. 
 Somewhat further ftands the Bourg Saint Ceminiano , famous for 
 its good wine Vernace. Tis adorned with fair Churches, noblePalai 
 ces, iiluftrious perfons, and a gentle people,built by Dejidcrius King 
 of the Longobardi. Weftwardfom which lies the antique CityfW* 
 terra, which was founded loo. yeers before the firing ofTroy, and 
 500. befare the building of Rome, tis built on a hill, theafcentto 
 whofe top is gmiles^its Walls are of fquared ftones, 6 foot long,layed 
 8c cemented withoutMortar,It hath five gates & before each a Foun- 
 tain of clear water & within them two other Irately Fountains with 
 many antiet ftatues & on the old Epitaphs , it hath a richTermory,ii 
 fubject tothe greatDuke-.it produced/V//<? the poet,and divers o her 
 wits, beyond it lies the Sea. On its left hand lies Aucifathe Country 
 of St. Francjsthe Patiiark, Fighine and other gocd places. 
 
 AREZZO. 
 
 TRavailing towards the Eaff, you meet Arezzo, accounted one 
 of the antient twelve. The Aretine.s contributed goooo.Crowns 
 as many Celades with other Kinds of Weapons tothe Romans, and 
 1 20oco.bu(hels of Wheat to furnifh the Armada of 40 Galley s,which 
 was to convoy Scipio againft the Carthaginians. It hath fufTered ma- 
 ny and many calamities, but with the government of Cofmus the 
 great Duke , it began to take breath and reftore it felf. Pliny faies 
 their VelTels of Earth were in his time efteemed the beft of Italy. San 
 Lonato its Bifhop was there Martyred in the time of Vahntinian 
 j the Emperor , who baptized L. Zembio the Tribune , and then en- 
 dowed 
 
Parti. 
 
 SIENA. 
 
 1CU 
 
 dow ed the Chuich of Arezzo wherein lies buried S. Lorenzo and Pel- 
 legrmo i brothers and Martyrs, and Gregory the ioth. chief Bifhopjthe 
 houfe of Tetrark> is yet to be feen; there begins the State of the! 
 Church. On the direcf. way to Siena, ftands Poggibonzi, a place noted Po tt' bon ti 
 for the perfumed Tobacco compofed there , which the Italians take 
 as profusely in powder as the Englifl) in pipes, asalfo Afcia,aad near it 
 Siena. 
 
 SIENA 
 
 Paolo V. 
 
 THis City was named Siena , from the Oalli Senoni-, who redded 
 there under Brennus their Captain, and built it on the back of 
 the hill Tufa twas made a Colony by the Romans, and afterwards 
 underwent the fame mifery with the other Cities of lufcanle, In pro- 
 eels of time it recovered liberty, and therewith its former emulation 
 with Florence, againft whom it fought and obtained a glorious vi- 
 ctory , after which it became fubjedrto the Petrarci, its own Citi- 
 zens, whome difcarding it continued a free State till the yeer 1555. 
 when the great Duke recovered it. Its ayr is very good and whole- 
 fome. Its Inhabitants very courteous, who protefs and (peak the pu- 
 rity of the Italian Language, without the Porta Romana , the City ap- 
 pears with a great deal of Majefty, being beautifyedby the many 
 Towers raifed in honour of fuch perfons as performed fome eminent 
 fervice for the Common* Wealth, among thefe Towers (which yet 
 retein the memory of its former freedome ) that of Mangio, furpaf- 
 fethfor heighth,which though founded in the bottom otths Piazza 
 out tops alhhe City , andfervesfora Clock-houfe; from its top is 
 an incomparable profpect to the confines ofTttfcany j at the toot of 
 this hideous (rrufture is a Marble Chapel to which ad joyns the Se- 
 nate houfe built by the Goths, atone end whereof ftands a column 
 bearing Remus and P>.omulm fucking a Wolfe in Brafs, the Arms of this 
 Cityrlts Piazza lies in the heart of the City, fo formed, that whofoe- 
 ver pafTeth over it muft be, feen by all •• In the midft of it is a Mar- 
 ble Fountain whence hTues fweet Water out of the Wolves mouth : 
 The whole City ispived with Brick: Thehoufesare forthemoft 
 part built of Brick alia Modet-na , thechicfeft is that proud Palace 
 built of fquared (tones by the P ope Pius the fecond and the Arch-Bi- 
 fhop, who is of the Family of thePicolomenies, 
 
 Among its Churches the Domo dedicated to the Virgin Mary is 
 worth noting, for though in companion of others in Italy it be but 
 fmall, yet for the pains and chargts which it muft have cofr, tis in- 
 feriour to none, being both without and within of black and white 
 Marble. The Facade is admirably garnifhed with Statues, about the 
 infide are the heads, ot all the Popes. The Pulpit is an unpai allel d 
 piece, befet with figures of Marble 5 but its Angularity lies an the 
 Pavement, wherein many parts of the facred hiftory are fo lively re- 
 prefented infeveral colours of Marble, that no pencil can come near 
 ! it, though many Mailers take pattern from thofe figures in ftones. In 
 it is a Chapel, wherein is kept the Arm of Saint John Baptift given to 
 ; a Pope by the King of Peloponefus. 
 
 i In The royal Church of Saint Domenkkin Camp Regio, is kept the 
 
 head of Santa caterina ot Siena, and many Bodies of Saints , and near 
 
 ) Dd to 
 
ioz 
 
 The Hiftory oil! ALT, Part I.I 
 
 Mount Olivet 
 
 Radhofano 
 
 Tunx* 
 
 Chiufe 
 
 Monte Puhiano 
 
 to it ftands the Hofpital where Pilgrims may have their full refrefh- 
 mcnt for feveral daies, wherein is remarkeable the diligence of the 
 Attendants, in fatisfying the Appetites ck neceffities of the poor and 
 infirm; in theChapel lies the Founder B. Suforius i as yet uncorrupted 
 though ninehundred yeers fince he dyed. 
 
 The Wallsof Siena, are of an exceeding compafs yet but flight floc- 
 ked with caper Trees , that Fruit growing beft in Morter. 
 
 The City was reduced to the Faith of Ghrift by s. Anfano a Roman 
 Citizen, who was afterwards beheaded; It particularly hath a great 
 devotion to Santa Maria the Mother of God,as appears by the Motto 
 round their Common Seal. 
 
 Salve Virgo , Senam Veterum^ qu<e cernis amsnam. 
 
 Many illuftrious Men hath this City afforded, as Saint Bernard 
 the reftorer of the Order ofAtinorites 9 the blefled Giovanni Colombitio 
 fir ft Inftitutor of the Jefuites Order, Saint Ambrogio deBianconi^ the 
 Inftitutor of the Canons Regulars and of the Monks of Mount oli- 
 vet. Four Popes,as Alexander the third,who by his pious life and ex- 
 ceeding patience overcame four Anti- Popes, fetupagainft him by 
 Frederkk^Barbarojfa, Tins the firft, and Pins the fecond of the Family 
 Picolomini, and Paolo guinto of the Borgheji, with many Cardinals, Bi- 
 fhops, Prelates, and Doctors, in all the Sciences moll famous. 
 TheCountrey aboutSiena is filled with all forts of greatChafe,fo that 
 Wilde Bore and other Venifon in its feafon is commonly fold in But- 
 chers (hops. Its Territory is very pleafant and fruitfull, and in a word 
 the City is one of the principal in Italy. 
 
 On the lefc hand at twelve miles diftance Mount Oliveto difcovers 
 it felf , much fpoken of for the order of white Fryers of Oliveto ta- 
 king its ri!e there, whereon is built a fumptuous Abbacy, and there- 
 in dwell a vaft number of Monks devoted to the fervice of God, 
 whence { the river alfo being pa/1 ) you finde San ghierico, fo called 
 from a Church dedicated to that Saint, and Radicofano ) where Defi- 
 derius Ring of the Lengobardi built a ftrong Fort, and the great Duke 
 another, to whom they are now fubjeft ; here ends the patrimony 
 which the Countefs Matilda configned the Church, whereof Viterbo is 
 head. Between San g^uirko and the Banks of the River Orica , ftands 
 the City Vienna , the Gountrey of Pope Pius the fecond , and fo cal- 
 bed from his name. Further upon a high and rough Mountain 
 ftands Chiuft, one of the twelve Cities of Tufcany ,where Porfenna King 
 ofthe Itifcans, was buried, who there built a Labyrinth, wherein 
 who entred without a clew of thread, was certainly buried; at pre- 
 fent this City is depopulated. 
 
 Somewhat farther towards the North is Monte Pukiano, a Gity not 
 very antient, but populous and rich; featedina delightfull Coun- 
 try abounding with all things defireable. It gave birth to Mar- 
 eellus the fecond chief Roman Bifhop,and Cardinal Bellarmtne , who 
 wrote acutely upon the difputed controverfies of all the Herefies; 
 beyond which are many delightfull places. 
 
 On the other fide of the Road which goes from guirko near the 
 River Arbia , are the Baths ofpetriolo , and the mouth ofthe River 
 Aj/b, near which are many fayr Bourgs, and the Maremtna of siena t 
 
 wherein 
 
Part I, 
 
 SI E NA* 
 
 wherein is the City Grojjetto, in the Jurifdi&ion of Siena, we ll forti- 
 fied by the great Duke 3 and Montamata, where are great plenty of A- 
 corns, and grain to dy Scarlefjunder thefe Mountains lies the Bourg 
 Santo Fiore, much honoured by the illuftrious houfe of the Sforzaes , 
 where they have a Stately Palace.together with large poflefiions and 
 Lands for hunting and other paftimes. 
 
 The Traveller is many times obliged to pafs theRiver Paglia in this 
 Journey, which fometimes is dangerous 9 on the other fide of which 
 lies Aquapendente, (fo called from its fite, on the hanging of a hill,and 
 by it runs a rapid ftream}s<z# Lorenzo, and Bolfena a good Town built 
 out of the ruines of the antient City named Vrbs vtdfimenfwm, then 
 accounted one of the twelve chief ones of Etruria. Its Territory 
 is very fertile, as may appear by the olive Trees bearing in the firlf 
 yeer planting according to vliny: Here they reverenced the Body of 
 the Virgin San chrifiina, who being caft into the Paglia., for the f lith, 
 thence returned without the leaft hurt, leaving the track and im- 
 preffion of her Foot on the ground, which appears to this days here 
 alfo happened the great miracle of the con fecrated hoaft, which be- 
 ing in the hand s of the Prieft, Cwho doubted the truth of it)of a fud- 
 dain bled extreamly , and fo all bloody was carried to Orvieto, where 
 with great honour tis preferved in the Do/no-, in the River is an Ifland 
 deligbtfome and fertile, and a little Church Maujeolum or burying 
 place of the Famefij here the prudent and religious Queen Amala 
 Junta was wickedly flain, at the command of iheodato King of the 
 Ojirogoths, whofe gravity and fweetnefs of fpeech was fuch, that ar- 
 guing with condemned perfonson death, fhefo much convinced 
 them of the good, that they little feared the punifhment of it. 
 
 On the left fide of the faid Lake is Orvieto , Cagnarea , and 
 Tevere all Cities. On the right the City Soana, the birth place of Pope 
 Gregory the 7th. at prefent almoft uninhabited, Fetigliano, and Farne- 
 fo, appertainning to the noble Family oiFarnefimRome-- i fomewhat 
 further is the City Caflro, of the faid Farnejier, fo furrounded with 
 Rocks and Cavernes, that it appears to the Enterers rather an ob- 
 fcure Den for wilde beafts, than habit ations for Men. 
 
 From whence walking towards the Sea, you finde Orbello ,Tala- 
 mpni, Monte Argent.tro, and Fort Ercole, all ftately places fub jeel: to the 
 Ring of Spain. Ou whofe right- hand they (hew the noble Caftle Tuf 
 canello, fubjcc~f, to the See of Rome, foantient,that(ifit be permitted 
 to beleeve themjthey fay it was built by Askanius Son of Eneas, and 
 upon one of the ports appears an old Marble with anEpitaph carved 
 thereon, (hewing his Original and defcent. As alfo the City Cornet- 
 to, by the antient lufcans dedicated to Fan, whofe ftately antique 
 Walls, (hew it to have been an honourable City; Pope Gregory the 
 fifth was born there, Giovanni Vitalefio a Cardinal, and Father Mutio 
 a Jefuite, with many other famous Men^feaven miles off Cornetto 
 ftands Civita Veechia on the Sea (hore, a fortified Port. 
 
 On the left hand of the Via Regia,hesHorti,aa antient City which is 
 the Tufcan boundarie. 
 
 Further offis Tevere, and the Lake Bafanello, in Latine, Lams Va- 
 dimonis , and hereabouts ftands Bajjanello Cajiel/o, Magliano, Civita Ca- 
 ftellana % Galefe , and the Via Flaminia, which leads from Rimini to 
 Rome. 
 
 Dd 2 
 
 in 
 
 1 03 
 
 Groff m o 
 
 Botfenit 
 
 Tmere 
 Soa na 
 
 Caftro 
 
 Orbello 
 
 Tufanello 
 
 Htm 
 
104 
 
 Vi terba 
 
 Canepina 
 
 L<n<\Vico 
 
 Sutri- 
 
 Civita: 
 
 Rc/o/o. 
 
 Cremtrf 
 
 The Hiftory of IT ALT, Part 
 
 I! 
 
 In the way from Bolfena to Rontejs the Grove Monte Fiafcene, where 
 the Antients with great ceremony and folemnity were wont to facri- 
 ncetotheGoddefsG;««0»e, near which ftands the old City Mionte 
 Fiajcone, which was a long time befiegedby Camil!ns } who was not 
 able to reduce it,for the ftrength of its fite. Its Territory yeekU Mof* 
 catella. 
 
 Monte Fiafione being pafled , you enter a large and pleafant Plain , 
 in which ftands Kzfcr/>0,antiently called Vetulania } but Defiderr,0rh r : 
 King having inclofed it, Lenghola TuJJ'a , and 'lurrenna, witfa- 
 in one Wall, by his £«//#, yet to be read in a white Marble Tablet in 
 the Palace of Viterbo^ commanded it to be called Viterbo; tis head of 
 the Church Patrimony,and behind it lies Monte Cimeno. Tis adorned 
 with ftately Edifices, amongft which the Domo is famous, where four 
 Popes ly buried, John the 21 . Alexander the 4th. Adrian the 5th. and 
 clement the 4th. and the Church Santa Rofa-, wherein that Saints bo- 
 dy is kept entire, & an admirable Fountain,caftiog out great quanti- 
 ty of water. This City was a long time fubjett to the Vecchi and Got- 
 ti, its Citizens, who driven out, it fubmittedto the Pope. Tis well 
 inhabited with a civil people, and abounds with Corn, Oyl, Wine, 
 andFruits^ in its Territory are eleven Rivers, which ftore it witi. 
 excellent Fifh. It wants not Baths of warm water, among the reft 
 thofe oiBolicano are named for their Miraculous virtue. A mile forth 
 the City ftands the Church ^uierrid dedicate to theV irgin Maria; 
 finally it hath afforded Men of excelling Judgements. 
 
 From this Gity you afcend the Mountain Viterbo, called Mom c y~ 
 minus by the Latins, upon which is the Caftle Canepinaj near there- 
 to ftood formerly the Caftle Corito , built by Corito King of Tufcany, 
 whofe foundations yet remain, there alfo was then a thick and ter- 
 rible Wood, through which none durft pafs, no more than the Ca- 
 lidonian or Hercinian Wood, but at prefent the Trees are cut and a 
 way comodioufly layed out. At the Foot of this Mountain towards 
 the South, is the Lake vico t in Latin called Lacus Cyminus-, near it 
 ftands the Village Viro t and the Gaftle Soriano^ where there was an 
 inexpugnable Fort, whence for 60, yeers the Brittons Souldiers could 
 not be expelled. 
 
 Purfuing the way towards Rome > you finde Ronciglione t which 
 hath a lovely Fountain, and Caprinica, inhabited by 500. Families, 
 beyond which lies sutri anantient City, built (as is believed) by 
 the Pelafgi a Grecian people, before Saturnus cameintolfd/y. The 
 Romans taking the advantage of this City, aflaulted the tufcans and 
 overcame an Army of 60: thofand Tufcans Spoletines and Ombri : Its 
 ill ay r renders it near uninhabited. Beyond Ronciglionelies CapraroUy 
 a Gaftle of the Farn\Jies , where whatever can be defired for Recrea- 
 tion is competently pro vided for, by Cardinal Alexandra Farnefe. 
 
 Not far diftanr from it is civita a City now of fmal importance, 
 though antiently becaufe they would not aflift the Romans(then af- 
 flicted by Hannibal') we find them by the Romans condemned al 
 Doppio. 
 
 Paffing on the Via Regia , one meets Rofolo a Bourg adjacent to a 
 Lake of immenfe profundity ,&t wo miles beyond it Campagnana^nd 
 npon the fame way a ftanding Pool, where was Cremera a Caftle built 
 by the Fabii and deftroyed by the Vefenti, here wereflain in one day 
 
Part I, 
 
 IMOLA. 
 
 by the faid Vefenti, 500. Servants, and 300. perfons ofthatFami- 
 ly,for having privitly complotted an infurre&ion for their Country 
 Rome againft them, one Childe fleeping in a Cradle cfcaped and be- 
 came the reftorerof the Fabii in Rome. More forward (lands rhe 
 Town Baccano, and the Wood called Bofco di Baccano, w\\\ch. was late* 
 ly a harbour for Ajjajjinates and other people difpofed to ill, whence 
 it grew into a proverb when we would advife any one to Hand up. 
 pon his, guard to fay. Vercke fiamo nel Bofco de Baccano,but through 
 the vigilance and care of the late Popes, tis almoft a fecured 
 palTage. 
 
 -On the right-hand ftands Anguillara a Town of much Fame,whofe 
 Lords having behaved themfelves gallantly have acquired to them- 
 felvesand Country eternal honour. The Signori orfim poffefle it; 
 and Eracciano , which is entitled a Dutchy. From the aforenamed 
 Lake runs the River Arone, whence the Romans convey by pipes 
 the water they called Sabatma, from the Lakes name Sabatina. To- 
 wards the Sea lies the Monaftery Santo severa, made now a Fort, 
 and Ceri a Caftle upon the fhore. On the left hand of the Via Regit, 
 lies the Via Flaminea, and fix miles beyond Bccca.no ifola, then Storta, 
 two Towns, and thence tis feaven miles to Borne. Onemayalfo 
 travail from Bologna to Rome, on the Via Emilia, and fopafslmola 
 Faenza, Forli, Cejem, and Rimini. 
 
 1M0LA. 
 
 IMola called in Latine Forum Comelii, enjoyes a good Ayr,a fruitful 
 Territory, a commodious fituation for all things, Narfete* in the 
 yeer of Chrift, 550. deftroyed it , but Dafone fecond King of the 
 Longobardi-i reftoredit, and called it Imsla, Galeazzo Sforza, Son of 
 Francis Duke of Milan yoffeffed it, and gave it in Dowry to Girola> 
 mo B-iarw Savonefe, in Anno 1473. forhe time after twas taken forcibly 
 by Cefar Borgia , Son of Pope Alexander the 6th. finally (after feveral 
 other Lords)it became under the power of theGhurch, who yet keep 
 it in peace. Martial the famous Poet , refided here for fome time,as 
 may be drawn from his verfes 3 and many Illuftrious perfons were 
 born here. 
 
 COTIGNOLA. 
 
 BEtween Imola and Faenza , ftands Cotignola, a Caftle fmall, but 
 ftrong, near the River Senio, encompafted with thick Walls, 
 and profound Dikesj the Caftle was built by the Forlevefi, and Faen' 
 tint, but the Walls and Ditches by Giovanni Aguto, Captain and 
 Standard-bearer to the Roman Church, to whom twas given by Pope 
 Gregory the 1 1 th. It was the Birth-place oi Sforza, Attendolo, the firft 
 of the Sforzefean Family, who wrought himfeif at a Pickax, and yet 
 in lefs than one hundred yeers his line and Family, hath yeelded one 
 Emprefs, many Queens, Marquefes, Dukes, Counts, Captains, 
 Bithops, Arch-Bifhops, Cardinals , and other eminent perfons. 
 
 I05 
 
 Ee 
 
 FAENZA. 
 
io6 
 
 The Hiftory oilTALT, Part 1. 1 
 
 FAENZA. 
 
 FAenza \s divided by the River Lamom, which paffeth between 
 the Bourg and the City, where there is a ftrong bridge of Stone, 
 which conjoyns the City with the Bourg, and the I 'ia Emilia. Tis 
 ancient, and the firft Founders are unknown 5 it enjoys aferene 
 healthfull Ayr, a fertile Territory , and a people good-natured and 
 lovers of their Country. Here they make the beit and fineft VelTels 
 of Earth of all Italy. Ithath produced men eminent in all theScien* 
 ces. It was feveral times deftroyed by lotila King of the Goths t Fre< 
 derkk^BarbaroJJ'a, and by a Captain of the Brittones, but Fredcri clothe 
 fecond Nephew of the firft, built that Fort , caft down and levelled 
 the Walls in rhe yeer 1 240. which now are feen , for that by their 
 fidelity to the Church, they gave him great difficulty :o take it: The 
 Manfredi then got it, and rebuilt the Walls, hem them the lolonians 
 took it, from them MainardoPagano, its Citizen, a great Captain^and 
 from him the Venetians, from whom after the rout, they received at 
 Giarad'Adda by Lewis the 1 2th. King of France, i t returned again to 
 the devotion of the Church , under whome it hath ever fince con- 
 tinued. 
 
 BRISWELLA. 
 
 T His Town is feated in part on a Plain, and in part on the fide 
 of a hill', it hath two Forts, the one on the Eaft called 
 the Tower, where with the touch of a Bell they give notice how 
 many Hoi fes enter, theotheron theWeft, bothfetat theoutmoft 
 part of the Town. It hath two Fountains, the Water of the one fo 
 fweet and light, that none is accounted better, the other fo grofs 
 and heavy, that they give it not to their Beafts, but account it only 
 fit for cooling their Wine, and cleanfing and dying their filks, which 
 lhine more here than elfewhere, and that is attributed to the crudity 
 of this water. Its Territory is called la Valle d' Amone from the Ri- 
 ver fo named, which having itsfourfe from the top of the^/pjof 
 Flortncc{\v\t\\ little water in a fhort courfe driving Mills Jruns thorow 
 the Valley to Faenza. 
 
 This Valley and Territory contains 4S. Villages/every one ha- 
 ving its own Parifh, and a fufficient allowance ior its Paftors. The 
 Farmers are rich and civil, they mufter 8co. Mtn, who are well ex- 
 ercifed youth, and the beft armed of any in the Ecclefiaftick State. 
 Which Villages are all contained under the name Bref$gi&la. 
 
 The faid Valley is fo fertile in Wine, Oyl,Corn and other necef. 
 faries, that though there be 18000. Souls, yet one yeers crop af- 
 fords fuftenance enough for all them for two yeers, were it not ex- 
 ported into other Countreys. 
 
 It hath one noble Palace belonging to the Signori Spadi , which 
 hath all the coumodities of Church, Fifhponds, Fountains^ Gardens, 
 Vineyards, Wood for Foul, Confervatories for Snow, with all forts 
 of trees of exquifite fruit, Citrons, Lemons, Oranges, Pynes, and 
 other delights that may be required, & this is alwaies fo well accom- 
 modated with all necefiaries for the Kitchin, houfhold-fturZ and 
 
 Plate 
 
Parti. 
 
 CREMONA. 
 
 107 
 
 Plate, that whenever any Prince or Embaflador arrives, they need 
 not tranfport ihithcr the leaft thing , there is oneOake which five 
 men cannot brace. 
 
 This Town hath one eminent Collegiate for thePrelares} every 
 Wednefday they keep here a Market , fo great for all things, that it 
 attracts infinite People, for which they pay no toll. It 
 flourifhed in Arms two Ages part, through the nobility, generofity 
 and Valour of the Family of Naldi, the flames of Vicenj'o and Dioni- 
 jio Naldi, are in Few/Ye erected. And in Religion and Learning, by 
 many famous Men. 
 
 kjjhi} 
 
 mmmmim&mmmmmM 
 
 The Voyage or Journey horn MIL AN to 
 CREMONA, to MAN?OVA y 
 to FERRARA, and to 
 RIMINI. 
 
 IF you would fee the places, diftant from the Via Emilia, when you 
 are arrived at Lodi, you muft go towards the Adda Eafiward, and 
 at twelve miles diftance meet Cafliglone, and fee Caftle No7>o, and 
 Pizzichetone, a famed Place, for that Francis the firft King of France, 
 being taken Prifoner, by the Imperialifts,und£r Tavia, was reteined 
 there, till by Order of the Emperor Charts the fifth , they embarked 
 him at Gmowa for Spain, hence tis but 15. mile to Cremona, all good 
 and direct even way. 
 
 CREMONA the Faithfull. 
 
 GRemona is built on the banks of the Toe, in the 7th. Climat,qn 
 the Weft parts oiltaly^ tis eight miles in circuit, environed with 
 Walls Baftions,and Ditches, and hath one Cittadel an the Eaftpart, 
 the moft ftupendious, ftrong and formidable work in all Italy. \ ts firft 
 Founders are not known , but their judgements approved for its 
 good Ayr. It was a good Colony of the Romans, and al waies main- 
 tained fuch fidelity to its Princes, that among the Cities of Italy it 
 merited the fuiname of faithfull. In the time of the Triumvirate 
 olAuguftus, Antony a nn6. Lepidus 3 it fuffered much mifery,its Territo- 
 ries being divided alfo among the Soulciiers, who fe neighbourhood 
 to Manteua , made it participate in mifery , and caufed Virgil to la- 
 ment in his 9th. Ecloge, Afantoua vel mifer£ niminmvicinaCrcmon£. 
 Cornelius Tacitus relates its then wofull fufferings. Afterwards in 
 Anno 6$o. it was all caft down by the Gothes , Longsbards and Slaves 
 and 600. yeers, after that deftroyed by Frederick^ Barbarejfa , and 
 depopulated. But afterwards it was reftored and amplified, and 
 governed in liberty, till through civil difcords Vberto falavicino got 
 the dominion, who driven cut,certain lefler Lords kept it in fervi- 
 j tude, as now Cavadabo, now the Ponz,oni s now the Fonduli, now the 
 J - - Ee 2 Vifconti 
 
ioS 
 
 Piadontt 
 
 Ca^uolo 
 
 The Hiflory oilT ALT, Part I 
 
 Vifconti) whoever of them was conqueror got it , and with the con^ 
 quered italwaiesfuffered. Alfo the Venetians, French-, and Sforzef- 
 chi had it by Arms, but now the King of Spain reigns in it, and main- 
 tains in great tranquillity. 
 
 Sigifmond the Emperor to gratifie Gabrino Fond alio , granted itli- 
 cenfe forapublique tlniverfity, with all fuch privileges, immuni- 
 ties and exemptions,as thofe of Paris or Bologna^ enjoyed. 
 
 Theordinary buildings are fo great, that they may be termed Pa- 
 laces, reared with great expenfe and excellent Architecture. Ir hath 
 broad ftreets, with Orchards, Gardens, and Mills as well v/ithin as 
 without the City, a Chanel for driving them being brought from the 
 River thorow the City. 
 
 Ithath cne Tower fo high that it is reckoned among the wonders 
 of Europe, which was built in the yeer 1 284. Upon it at one inftant 
 were, Pope John the 22th. SigifmoudthcEmpcior,v/hhGabrino Fon- 
 dulio 3 Lord of the City,who afterwards was fad at the heart , that he 
 had not precipitated the Emperour and Pope to eternalize his me- 
 mory, as did Herojirato, who only to commemorate his name gave fire 
 to and burnt that ftupendnous Temple of Diana , built in P. 'phefus at 
 the common charge of all the Potentates of Afia, in two hundred 
 yeers. It hath a Cathedral with a good Revenue, and many other 
 ftately Churches, wherein aie kept many Reliques of Saints , and 
 much riches, feveral Hofpitals and other pious places. 
 
 The Families of Cremona , are for the moft part defcended from 
 the Romans , who there made a Colony, others from the veterane 
 souldiers,who for reward of their Labours had houfes & Lands there 
 affigned them, and others from the Goths, Longobardi, French, Ger- 
 mans, and other people of Italy ■> it hathgiven birth to many emi- 
 nent Ecclefajiicks 3 Lawyers, Phyficians,Souldiers, and Poets. The 
 people are of an induftrious and accute wit, and have invented feve- 
 ralfortsof Stuffs, Silks and Clothes, and make excellent Swords. 
 
 Without the Gate Pule/elia, ftands the Church San Gitglielmo,-where 
 is a large Pond which did formerly contain troubled and linking 
 water, bnt San Domenicfand Francis , who dwelt there, makiDg the 
 fign of theCrofs over it,they were thereby miraculoufly converted in- 
 to clear aud fweet waters. 
 
 Near the Torta San Michaele , ftood a Temple dedicate to the God- 
 defs Februa, whereof nought appears now. Clofe by the Walls runs 
 the noble River Oglio. On its Weft part lies nhe Territory of Lodi, 
 on the North Bergamo and Brefcia , on the Eaft Mantoua^ and on the 
 South Piacenza . 
 
 Between Towns and Hamlets this City poiTefleth 41 . places , and 
 all its Country round about is a plain planted with trees in excellent 
 order with Vines clinging to them, and moft productive of all grains 
 herbage and other neceffaries. 
 
 From Cremona to Mantoua, leads a direct even road, and upon or 
 near it lye Piadena, the Country oiBartolomeo rlatina,c\ofe by which 
 paffeth the Oglio, Canefdo, where the Ogfofpendsit felfin the Foe, 
 the Gaftles Afola,and Acquanegria , Bozzolo a Town, and S an Martino 
 where Scipon Gonzaga the Splendor of the College of Cardinals lies 
 buried. Then the River paffed which crofTeth the Road, you leave 
 the Bourg Marcheria^ and Gazuolo, where there is a fumptuous and 
 
 royal 
 
Part I, 
 
 WTnToWZ 
 
 royal Palace of the Gonzaghi, whofe alfo are the 3 Gaftles,f rom Gazu- 
 olo } to Man torn twelve miles. 
 
 But the way from Cremona, to Mantoua^a the left fide of the Toe lies 
 thus, fcft. to theT own San Giovanni, and Rkardo y then to Tonzono 
 Gufno I 'a ,and Cafd Maggi or e,and then to Sabioneda 3 an imperial City * 
 very fair and irately, a draught whereof was taken by orderofthe 
 Duke I'ejpjjiano, Beyond which lies Viadona, and Yomponefco, where 
 [ lies the pafic over the Toe, whence tis eight mile to Mantoua , in the 
 way are Montecchio , amannor of the Falavic/ni, Colorno under the 
 Tarmefins, the Caftle Erefegello of the Dokes ofEjie, formerly a City, 
 bnt deftroyed by the Lougobardi , whofe King Alboino there, flew To- 
 tila King of the Gothes 3 and by that victory made himfelf Lord of Ita - 
 ly, Gonzaga, where the Duke of Mantoua hath a noble Palace, Reggio 9 
 HuoUra^LHZzara, aad Guajlallo entitled with a Principality , thence 
 to Etfrgtf Fflrf e,and fo to Mantoua. 
 
 MANtOVA 
 
 F Or its antiquity gives place to no City of Italy , being founded 
 not only before fto/»e, but before the deftru&ion of Troy, (which 
 happened according toEufebius t Saint "]erome&t\d other: ^o. yeers 
 before the building of Rome) Leandro Albert:, fhewes that Mantoua 
 was built 1183. yeers before the coming of our Lord into thefleih. 
 And as it was more antient than the reft , fo was its Original more 
 noble, being founded by Ocno Bianoro^he mo ft antient King ofTufca- 
 ny t who was Son of Tiberino King of Tufcany , and MantoTebena his 
 Queen, and focalled it Mantoua from the name of his Mother.lt was 
 firft inhabited by three noble people,the Tebani , Veneti, and lojcani, 
 as virgil the Prince of Poets celebrating the noblenefs of this his 
 Country teftifies in his 10. book of his Mneades. 
 
 llle etiampatriis agmenciet Ocnus ab oris 
 Fatidk£ Manthus,<& Tufcifilius amnis, 
 g)ui muros, matrifque dedit tibi Mantoua nomen. 
 Mantoua Dives avis, fed non genus omnibus mum. 
 Gens 7 Hi triplex, populifub gente quaterni 
 Ipfa caput populis Tufco de [anguine vires. 
 
 Tis feated among the Marifhes created by the River Mencio, is 
 ftrongby nature and art 3 large and well built, adorned with fump 
 tuous Palaces and fair Churches, noble Piazzaes , fpatious recrea- 
 tive places, and dne& ftreets. Tis a merchandizing City, and co- 
 pious of all trading through the conveniency of the waterri 
 The peopl e are of an acute genius , and not lefs difpofed to Learn- 
 ing, Arms, and ail Sciences, than toTraffick and Merchandizing. 
 
 In the Church of the reverend Fathers of Saint Domenich,, is the 
 Tomb of 'Giovanni 'de Medici, Father of Cofmus great Duke, of 7 nfcany, 
 where may be read this Epitaph. 
 
 "Joannes Medices hie fitus efi innfitat& virtutis 
 Dux, qui adMincium tormento i3us t Italia 
 fato f potius quamfuo cecidit. 1526. 
 
 Ff In 
 
 3 op 
 
110 
 
 St. Betiedill 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part I. 
 
 In the Church of the Carmelites lies Batifia Spagnuolo , General 
 of that order, with this Epitaph. 
 
 Reverend. P. Magifier Bapifjie Mantuanus Carmelita 3 Theologus , ?hi- 
 lojophus 9 ?oeta, & Orator Clariffimu^Latin^ Gr<ec<e^ &Hebraic<e 
 Ungu£ peritijjimus. 
 
 In the fumptuous Temple Saint Andrea , is fome of the pretious 
 bloud of our Lord, and the body ofSanLongino the Martyr , Mon- 
 ti gna Tadoua.no lies likewife buried here with this Infcripti'on. 
 
 OjJ'a Andrew Mantini* famofijfimi Viftoris cum duobusfiliis infepulchro 
 per Andream Mantiniam nepotem exfllio conjiru&o. 
 
 And underneath are thefe two verfes. 
 
 EJfeparem hunc noris,Jt non praponis Apelli, 
 Enea Mantinit, qui Jimulacra vides. 
 
 In the Duomo ( where the Ingenuity of Giulio Romano a famous Ar- 
 chiteftor hath expatiated it felt) lies the entire body of San Anfelmo 
 Bllhop of Lucca. In San Egidio, lies Bernardo Tajjb. 
 
 Mantom hath eight Gates , is in compafs four miles, hath in it 50. 
 thoufand Souls , and the aforefaid Lake or Marifh , lies 20. miles 
 round it, near it is the Royal Palace of te i built by Giulio 
 Romano. 
 
 Five miles off Mantoua Weft- ward, ftands a Temple dedicate to 
 the Virgine Mary, filled with prefents , and vows s wherein lies the 
 body of BaldaJJarCaftiglione in a fay r Tomb. 
 
 Twelve miles diffant from it South- ward , is the magnificent and \ 
 fumptuous Monaftery of Saint BeW?ff,feated in a Plait, near the roe t 
 which was built by Boniface^Marquefs of Mantoua, Count of ConoJfa t 
 and Uncle of Matilda 9 in the yeer of our Saviour 984. which for 
 itsMagnirkenfe,Riches,andfumptuoufnefs of building, and what 
 more imports, for its observance in Religion, antecedes all the other 
 Mouafteries of Italy. The Fryers BenediHineshuve poffeffed it for 
 200 yeers, from whom have iflued many Religious , filled with 
 fan&ity, good doctrine, and grave cuftoms. Its polTeflions traverfe 
 a great (pace of ground, and from the privileges of Pope Pajqualethe 
 fecond , we may collect: they had dominion in fpirituals and tempo. 
 rals, over the Towns Guernelo and guiflello, with 38. parifh Chur- 
 ches in the Diocefs of Mantoua i Luca, Bologna, Ferrara t Parma, Mala- 
 mocco, & Chioza , The mod illuftrious Countefs Matilda , (whom 
 none comes near for her fignal benefits conferred on the Roman 
 Church)being 69. veers old here finifht her days, in the yeer 1161. 
 and was layed in a Marble Sepulchre in the Chapel of the bleffed 
 Virgin, which being opened 320. yeers after, her body was found 
 unperifht and untouched,her Effigies upon a Mare (likeunto a man) 
 ftands upon her Tornbe, in a long red Gown, and a Pomgranade in 
 her hand, where among her other Epitaphs, this old one may be 
 read. 
 
 Stir pe I 
 
Parti. 
 
 F E R R A R A. 
 
 Sfirpe 9 opib»s i forma i gejiis-, & nomine quondam 
 Inclyta Mathildus, hie jacet ajira tenent. 
 
 In that part of the Monaftery where now is the common Kitchin 
 below, and Graneries above, was the Palace of Matilda^ It hath as 
 much Land as 382. yoke of Oxen can till. It hatha Rampart goes 
 round a great part of its Lands about, 7 miles long, which coft in 
 raifingabove 27000. CrownsJ, which in Anno 1560. wasmadeina 
 few moncths to ftop the inundations of the Foe. 
 
 Two miles beyond Mantoua at the mouth of the River Jldincio, 
 which iffues from the Lake, and goes to Fcrrara, ftands theBourge 
 Ande now called Pietole, where Virgil was born, beyond that Hoftia, 
 iXi&Reveredo , and then Lago Scuro^ where youimbarkfor Venice 3 
 hence atter three miles travail you arrive at Ferrara. 
 
 FEKKAKA. 
 
 T His City is feated on the Banks of the roe, which wafheth it 
 on the E aft & South partfttisgarniihed with ftately and fump 
 tuous ftruttures,and fpatious and noble Piazzaes which was firft pa- 
 ved with brick, by theMarquefs!w«e//<?, filled with noble Families 
 and rich Citizens, and tis moreover famous for the Univerfity here 
 eftablifhed by the Emperor Frederick^ the fecond, in defpightof 
 the Bolonians. And although this City cannot boaft its antiquity 
 from the Trojans 3 Creci ant or Romans(btmg not a thoufand yeers fine* 
 twas walled by order of theEmperor Afauritiur)yet through the dili- 
 gence and love of its Princes,tis fo increafed in Edifices and Riches, 
 that it hath deferved a place amongft the chief Cities of Italy t which 
 increafc happened under the IHuftrious Family of Ejie , Ciulio Qejar 
 della Scala a famous Poet commends Ferrara thus. 
 
 Inclyta qu£patulofruitur F err aria ckIo 3 
 
 heginas return limine ditat aquas 5 
 Aurea nobilitat s jiudiorum nobilis ocii 
 
 lngenia^audaci peEtoraprompta majus 3 
 Magnanimicate Duces 9 genus alto ef anguine Divum. 
 
 And this (hall fuffice touching Ferraras antiquity, which in the 
 yeer 1J9B. came into the power and patrimony of S. Petre } by the in' 
 duftryand pains of Pope Clement the eighth. 
 
 In the Duomo lies Pope Vrban the 8th. in a fumptuous Marble mo- 
 nument,near which one may read of the learned Man Cregorio Geral- 
 do 3 what enfues,w'zi. 
 
 gtuidhofpes adfias? tymbion 
 Fides Qyraldi L ilii 9 
 Fortune utramque paginam 
 g>uipertMlit t fedpeJfim£ 
 
 Ff2 
 
 Ef 
 
Ill 
 
 The Hiftory of IT ALT, Part I. 
 
 EjittjHf, altera nihil 
 Opteferente Apolline. 
 Ndfcire refert amplius 
 Tua autfua, in tuam rem abi. 
 Lil. Creg. Ciraldui Frothon. Apojiol. mortalitatk mentor 
 Anno 72.F. S. P. Cur. 1550. 
 
 In the Church of Laint Domenick^ near the Gate,is a ftately Tomb 
 with this infcription. 
 
 D. M. 
 
 Nicolao Leoniceno Vicentino, quifibi Ferrariampatriam maluit, ubi an- 
 nos 6o-Italos i & provinciates magna celebritateGrace^ Latine 
 infiituit, continuajerie apud Principes Ejienfes magna in honor e ha- 
 bit us ^Unus omnium magk peUore^quam lingua philofophiam profef- 
 fus rernm nature abditijjimarum experientijjimus 3 qui primus herba- 
 riam bene dejitam y & fylvam rei medica injuria temporum neglu 
 genter habit am in difpojitionem magna ope mortalium revocavit, in 
 barbaros conditores pertinaciter ftylum pcrjirinxit, &fludio verita- 
 tk, cum omni antiquitate acerrime depugnavit t annos natusfcx & 
 nonagint a 3 cum jam tternis monmnentk in arcem immortalitatk Jibi 
 gradum fecijfet t homo ejje defiit Alphonfus Ejienjis, Dux Tertius, & 
 S. P. gK^Ferrarienf. bmemerito pojuere-, fextoidusjunii. M.D. 
 XX IF, B onaventura Piflophob grato ipfius difcipulo pecurante. 
 
 In the noble Church of the Benedi&ines \ upon a Column of the 
 Prince of Italian Poets, may be read thus. 
 
 I udovico Areofio Poeta Pa tritio Ferrarienfi Augufiinus Muflus tanto vi- 
 ro s ac defe bene meren^Tumulum, & Effigiem marmoream, are pro- 
 prioP.C. Anno falutis M. D.LXXXIII. Alphonfo SecondoDuce, 
 vixif annos 56. obi it anno fal. 1 533. 8. idnt Junii. 
 
 And a little below, that of the composition of Lorenzo Frizoli. 
 
 Hie Areoftusjitus eji } qui comico t 
 
 Aures fparJitTeatri Vrbanosfale 
 
 Satyr aque mores^Jlrinxit^ acer improbos 
 
 Heroa culto, quiferentem carmine, & 
 
 Ducumque cur as cecinit, acpnelia 
 
 Vales corona dignus unus triplici, 
 
 C v ' trina conJiant : qu<efuerevatibus 
 
 Cratik, L at ink, vixque Hetrufck Singula. 
 
 In the Cloyfter of the Carmelites ftands a Marble Tablet with a 
 memorial of Manardo thus. 
 
 Jo. Manardo Ferrarienfi viro uni omniuvt integerr.acfanfik. Philofopho, 
 & Afedic. do&k.qui ann.p. M. LX. continent er turn docendo, & 
 fcribendo^ turn innocentk. medeudo omnem medicinam ex aree bona- 
 rum liter ar. fede prolapfam , & inbarbar.potefiatem^ac ditto*, 
 mm reda&am projiratk, ac profligatk hojiittm copik identidem , ut 
 
 Hydra 
 
Pare I. CH IO Z A. 
 
 H; dra renafcentibus in antiquum pnjiinumque fiatum % ac nitorem 
 jiituit.Lauream omnium bonorumconfenfuadeptus Jill. &LXX. 
 ann.agens omnibus omnium or dinum fni defideriumrelinquens hu> 
 mi life hoc farcophago condijujjit. 
 "Julia Maranda uxor, mcejiijs. quod ab eo optabat pofuit 
 H<ec brevis exuvias magni capit nrna Manardi 
 
 Ham virtus late doSta per or a volat. 
 Mens piii cumfuperis c&li colit aurea templa 
 
 Hinc hofpes vit&ftnt document a tn<e. 
 M. D. XXXyi. Men. Mart. 
 
 Thejournyfrom FERRARAtoVENICE. 
 C HI OZ A. 
 
 Arting from Ferrara five miles upon the Poe, ftands Framolino 
 where embarking, and pafiingby thefeveral Towns Ronigo, Ta. 
 poza i Corboli i and Arriano, you embark on the Sea, near the Porte Co- 
 ro 3 whence coafting the Land North- ward, you (hall arrive at chi- 
 oza a City which hath a good Port , The people confift for the mod 
 part of Mariners Fifhermen, and good Gardiners. chioza is famous for 
 the deeds of Arms performed there between the Genoveji, and the 
 Venetians and w^s much increaied by the people of Fjie and Monfelice t 
 who fled thither to to five themfelves at the inroadeof the Hunns In 
 the time of Ordehifo Faliero , Duke of Venice , the Bilhoprick of the 
 Cky Mdimicco^ ("overflowed by the Sea ) was transferred thither, and 
 for that caufe twas created a City. On the Eaft pari of Chioza in the 
 Sea lies a EUdge of Sand in the Sea in the nature of a Rampart 
 pofe to oppofe the fury of the Adriatic^ Sea, go miles long from 
 South to North. Tisalmoft incredible what vaft quantities of Co- 
 modifies are extra&ed from it to Venice , which are there produced 
 by the ingenuity of the Gardiners, the fertility of the Soyl, and the 
 natural Orchards full of greens whereof and of gardens it mod con- 
 fifts, which are ordered exactly well From Chioza. fayling Southward 
 you fe Ancona, Tcfaro, Rimini, Cefenna, and Ravenna, but going by 
 Land, difcover many Ports, asGora, Bebe } Volano 3 Magnavacca, Pri- 
 mano^a.nd Erondolo; 
 
 From chioz-i to Venice are 20. miles, in which fpace ftands Malo- 
 mocco, an Ifland heretofore enobled by the Duke of Venice his rveff- 
 dence, there is the vorto Malomocco a which through its profundity 
 is rendered dangerous. And alfo Poveggia 3 now an uninhabited Jfland, 
 but at the firfl: Venetians planting, well-peopled , in it Oil! remains 
 a miraculous Crucifix, together with many other fmall '(lands , Mo. 
 nafleries, Hofpitals, Orchards, and Gardens, between which lies the 
 moft noble City Venice, who fcarce finds a Parallel. 
 
 The Joumy from FERRARA to RAVENNA, 
 and toRI MINI, 
 
 "IN the Suburbs of Ferrara towards Ofiro the Poe being paft by a •■ 
 
 I certain long Bridge of Wood, ftands the Church of S. Gregorio, 
 
 Gg wfercj 11 ' 
 
ii4 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part I. 
 
 wherein the Body or S, Afattrelio firft Bifhop of Ferrara y is carefully 
 layed up' Here the Foe parts with a great Arm,which having bathed 
 the great Level, runs by A/ejaro } JMejarino^nd other places into the 
 Adriatick Seaj But the greater Chanel runs Southward, and at 8. 
 miles diftance hath on its Banks the Bourg Argent a , fo named from 
 from the quantity of Sylver which every fo many yeers,it payed to 
 the Church of Ravenna , on its right hand are many deep Trenches 
 rilled with good fifh. 
 
 Three miles beyond Argenta ftood Baflia } a Fort ("now demolifhedjj 
 where the Armies of Pope Gittlms the tecond,and Alphonfo firft Duke 
 of Ferrara t fought a fharp Battail. Ten miles beyond it lies Lttgo a 
 noble Town , Bagnac avollo, a Bourg, and Cotignana the native Coun- 
 try of the sforzejchan Princes, Babiano ) Mazolino 3 lwola } zndFatnza 
 with others. 
 
 On the left fide of the roe , are fertile Fields, and a Palace of the 
 Prince of Ejie y fo large and well furn idled, that it may give a recep ■ 
 tion to a great King* In this neighbourhood were ;:tiently twelve 
 large Towns : whofe inhabitants by one unanimous confent built 
 Ferrara. 
 
 Purfuing the Toe for twenty miles, lye many fayr and pleafant 
 Towns, as Longaji ino and Filo, fo called for that there the Foe, runs 
 for fix ir iles as ftrait as a thred or line. San Alberto, and Triniaro where 
 the Foe runs into the Sea , from Sant Alberto looking Northward you 
 may fee Qomacc hio i near the Sea fhore s withaLakeorftandingPool 
 round it, wherein they take vaft quantities of Mullets, and Eeles, 
 fome weighing 30. pound, Comacchio was anciently a famous City, 
 but now tis near deftroyed by the waters, hereabouts alfo lies the 
 Abbacy oiFompofa. On the left of Saint Albergo-, are Fenny Fields , 
 wherein to this day may be feen the Vojja Mejfattitja, made by our 
 Ancejiors, but now tis a narrow Chanel to navigate to Ravenua, in 
 fmall Barks , it formerly run 50. miles navigable, and was called 
 Padufa. 
 
 RAVENNA. 
 
 THisGity is more memorable for its antiquity than fair building 
 being firft built by the Thejfalomans, who being perplexed and 
 molefted by the Ombrians, and Sabines, voluntarily gave it them up, 
 and returned into Greece, but the Ombrians were thence driven by 
 the French, and they by the Romans , under whom it remained till 
 they with the Hernli took the Country odcuacre , but then they were 
 driven out by the Ojirogoths, under Theodorick their King who made 
 it his Regal Seat, under whom it remained 70. yeers, and then 
 they were beaten out by Narfete, Prsefed of Jujitnianthe Emperor, 
 under the Title of Exarcbr, after whom 17. more Exarchi governed 
 it 170. yeers , who were all that time held in continual skirmifhes 
 with the Longobardi , who were called into Italy by Narfete '■> againft 
 the faid Emperour of Confiantinopk. For Narfete being accufed to 
 Giufiino, Succeffor to Jujiinian 9 for fome crime,whereat Giujiino was 
 offended which backed with the inftigation of the Emperours wife, 
 caufed the Emperour to fend another to be E xarche m his Room, 
 who being exafperated againft the Emperour for it, invited in the 
 
 LongO' 
 
Part i. 
 
 21 AV EN N A. 
 
 115 
 
 Longobardi againft the Empire , by whofe hands the Exarcate of Italy 
 wasextind. This Exarcke was in the nature of a King, having ple- 
 nary Jurifdi&ion in all things without appeal.- Aftolfo fome tiuw af- 
 ter being overcome by Pipino King of the French, gave up Ravenna to 
 the C hurch of Rome, but Deftderins fuccefibr to Ajtolfo , not regarding 
 his Faith after the retreat of Pipinmth. the French Army, pofTefled 
 himfelf again of Ravenna and other Towns,but the Emperour Charles 
 the Great returning into Italy with the French Army , overcame and 
 took him Prifoner, when the Longobardi were forced to quit Italy 
 altogether, fo that it hath fuffered many difgraces, and was after- 
 wards facked by the French,znd deftroyed by civil difcord. 
 
 Strabo fates that in his time Ravenna flood upon certain Piles dri- 
 ven into the Fennes, and that the water paffed under it, fo that no 
 coming was to it but by Bridges or Boats, and when the waters were 
 high, then the people were forced to get up into the upper Rooms, 
 yet for all that twashealthfull, as Alexandria in Mgypt, but now the 
 Waters 3re fo dryed up that the Fenns are become Excellent Mea» 
 dows, Pafrures,and Corn Grouuds, many Hiftorians agree that 
 twas much beautified by Augujius C<efar , accommodating it witha , 
 great Bridge, and erecting the high Tower called faro, where he en- / 
 camped an Army for defence of theGuif s and lodged the Souldiets in 
 the midif. of the City, in a form like a Caftle, which afterwards was 
 called the Fortezza of Ravenna , it had another Fort called Cefarea, 
 with Walls and Baftions, which ftrongly fortify ed the Port of Ra- 
 venna, but at prefent neither the Ports nor Forts appear, onlv fome 
 certain old Churches and Monafteriesof little moment. On the Porta 
 speriofa i for its ffru£ture,and good Marble called Aura , is this 
 Title. 
 
 TI.CLAVDIVS. DRVSLF. CMSAR. 
 
 AUG. GERM A NICVS. PONT.MAX. TR. 
 
 rOT. COS. II. DES.III.IJldP.IILP. P.DEDIT. 
 
 Whence tis fuppofed that the Emperour Claudius fortifyed Raven- 
 na with Walls and a new Port , Biondo affirms, that Ravenna was am- 
 plified by Placida Galla, fifter of Arcadio 3 and Fionorius the Emperours, 
 and by her Sons yalentiniano-, and Tiberio , alfo Theodrick^ King ot the 
 Goths, beautified it with ftately edifices, and enriched it with the 
 fpoil of the other Provinces,as appears by thofeChurche3,Palaces 9 & 
 other ftruftures raifed by him and his fucceflbrs, and yet extant. 
 
 In Ravenna near the Piazza Santa Maria frands a great Convent } and 
 in it the magnificent Tombe of Dante Algieri t erected to him by Ben 
 nardo Bembo the Venetian Podefta in Ravenna, with this Inscription by 
 the faid Bembo. 
 
 Exiguo tumulo Danthesjhic forte jacebas 
 
 Squallenti nulli cognito pene Jitu 3 
 At nunc ntarmoreo fubnixns conderis arcu } 
 
 Omnibus & cultufplendidiore.mtef, 
 
 Gg2 
 
 tiinn. 
 
u6 
 
 The Hi! lory of IT ALT, Part I. 
 
 Nimirum Bembus Mufis incenjus Hetrnfc*r 
 Hoc tibi, que.ni inprimi ha cohere, didit. 
 
 And with this other Infcription which the faid Dante near his 
 death compofed. 
 
 "jura Monarchi<e s fuperos Thlegetonta, lacufque 
 
 Lujlrando cecini t voltterunt Fata quoujque 
 Sedquapars cejjet meliorib. ho/pita cajlrisy 
 
 A&orumque jnum petiitfe licior ajlris, 
 Hie claudor Danthes patriis extortts ab oris, 
 
 §>uem genuit parui Florentia mater amoris. 
 
 The biggeft Church of Ravemta i is the Arch>Bifhops , upon whofe 
 high Altar was formerly fuftained a mafly Silver heaven or canopy 
 on four Pillars, which was worth 30000. Crowns, with excellent 
 ornaments wrought with Gold , all which were taken away by the 
 facriligious people of Lewis the 1 2th. King of France, when with- 
 out any difference he facked this City, for which they afterwards re- 
 ceived from the moil high condigne puniftiment being tnoft of them 
 cut in pieces, or forced to leap into the Foe, oxTeJino, where they 
 drowned themfelves. In a Semicircular Chapel, are Limned thole 
 firft Arch- Bilhops of Ravenna (elected by the (hewing of a Dove) in 
 Mofaick work , a fair piece, whofe eleclion was 3fter this manner. 
 Sant jpullinare (believed one of the 72. Difcipies of Chrift 5 then 
 afcended into Heaven Jdeparting from Antiochia^whh SiintrVfertogo 
 io,Ronie>hzd in his palfage taught the Chriili in Faith at Ravenna, and 
 afterwards flayed there to govern it,whom none of the Difcipies by 
 ! him left judged themfelves lit to fucceedto govern thatChurch where 
 ifore all of them together withdrew themfelves into a Temple to 
 I praytoGod to deuicnftrate to wch of them itwould pleafe hisDivine 
 Ma jelly to commit that care, whereat the holy Spirit in the form of a 
 Dove defcended upon the head of one, who was understood by it 
 to be elected by God to that Dignity, after which manner eleaven 
 Arch-Bishops were fucceffiveiy cho/en. And the Cafernent,whereat 
 the Dove entred is yet apparent though halt (hut, over the Arch ot 
 the high Altar in the Church of Spirito Santo in this City, in which 
 Church on the left hand is a heap of Bricks, near which in a Cor- 
 ner flood Severn* a mean perfon-and a fimple Man, upon whofe head 
 the holy Spirit defcended vifibie to all , he being the laft of the 
 eleaven. 
 
 Tis wo* tfo one9 pains to view the Church of Saint Apollinare, called 
 the golden heaven , built mod fumptuoully by iheodorick^ , King of 
 the Ojkogothsjt hath two ranks of mod noble greatColumns,brought 
 hither by that King from Conjiantinople , and is garnilhed with many 
 pretious Marbles, extracted from Rome 9 and other places of Italy, 
 and alfo fome other Churches. 
 
 In Ravenna are many antiquities, Epitaphs, and antient Memori- 
 als, whofe Letters and words require a Univerfity of Interpreters. 
 The mines of a (lately PalacefTuppofed King Theorickj} appear yet 
 in the midll of its Fountain is a ftatue of Hercules Horarius, not elfe- 
 where found. Hercules (lands like an Atlas , bending with his left 
 knee as ready to rife, who with-his two hands elevated and his head 
 ' - ' together 
 
Parti. RAVE NN A. 
 
 together fupports a Solar Horologe, whereon the fhadow of the needle 
 from the Sun fhewes the houreof the day. A like ftatue of Hercules 
 was found ia Rome in the Vineyard of Steffuno del Buffalo t which in- 
 ftcad of the Horologe fupported a round Globe with the Celeftial 
 Signs, diftinftly figured, but this difference is not of any great mo- 
 ment, nearly weighing the Signification of the thing for the knowi 
 lege of the hour arofe from the obfervation of the CeleftiaLmotion 
 and tis the Sun diftinguifhes the hour, who by his annual courfe vi- 
 fites tbs whole cirk of the Firmament, which hath caufedfometo 
 con jeclure, that Hercules fignifies the Sun, and that the 1 2 labours 
 counted as of a Mans , is the Ingrefs of the Sun through the twelve 
 Signs in the circuit of the skies, whereby the Sun of it felfcaftsf jn h 
 its beams, perfuing which Opinion , mifterioufly though with fome- 
 whataccultfenfe they apply to the fun all the other Fables of Her< 
 cules , which are two tedious here to be applyed, let it fuffice to have 
 fpoken fo much to the purpofe,of that ftatue, to roufe up our youth 
 into a more near Scrutiny of the fenfe of the Fables of theantients, 
 from theknovvlege wherein may beextrafted many natural fecrets , 
 hid under thofe their fayings and Fables. 
 
 Before Ravenna, (lands a mod: antient round Church of the blefTed 
 Virgin, being fo fair and large,that the inward circle is 25. foot in 
 diametre: The walls are finely wrought, andall the pavement is 
 layed with fmall ftones of various colours, difpofed into divers plea- 
 fing figures after the Mofaick work , the Roof is of one fquared en- 
 tire hard ftone, hollowed, in the midft whereof is the Cupola, where- 
 by the light penetrates, tis fcarce imaginable how or by what Art fo 
 great a ftone could be mounted fo high , nor where had the Edge or 
 Plate on the Walls at top as near as can be guelTed are about 35 foot 
 in circuit, above the faid Edge on the top four fair Collumns ia for- 
 mer times fufteyned the noble Sepulchre of Theodorick. King of the 
 Ojirogothes, of Porphire, fpecled with white, being one entire ftone 
 eight foot long, and four foot high , with a cover of Brafs figured 
 and wrought to admiration with gold and othergarnifhments,which 
 Tombe tis fuppofed Amalefunto. his Daughter erected, but in the time 
 of the French war, the wicked Souldiers of Lewis the 1 2th. King of 
 France, with hopes of fome great booty within, drew it down and 
 broke it, whereof fome Reliques yet remain. 
 
 Three miles forth the Gityin the way to Forli, runs the River 
 Ronco, on the Bank whereof ftands a Crofs of ftone, in teftimony 
 that in the year 1 512. Gajionede Fois Captain of the French Army, 
 there obtained a viftory with the lofs of his own life, for that being 
 too fiercly bent againft his enemies, he advanced two forward with 
 very few in full fpeed of his Horle, and of a fudden was dead , in 
 which battail dyed that day eighteen thoufand Souldiers, between 
 French^ Spaniards, Italians, Germans and Smtzers. 
 
 II7 
 
 H 
 
 CER- 
 
n8 
 
 The Hifiory oilTALT, Part l.i 
 
 CE KVJA. 
 
 NEar Ravenna lies that notable Wood called Vigneda, from the 
 infinite number of Pyne trees there growing, whofe Fruit fup- 
 fly s\\ Italy. Some miles beyond which Hands Cervia 3 a City, but ill 
 peopled by reafon of the malignant ayr 3 all whofe Inhabitants are 
 fuch as get a lively hood by making Salt, with Saltwater dryed in the 
 Sun , whereof they make fuch quantity, that white Salt lies in 
 Mountains. In it is nought worth noting , unlefs the model of fo 
 old a Gity, built meerl y for neceffity . The Cathedral Church , al- 
 though it hath a good revenue, feemesbut a Church of a Villa near 
 it lies a Tomb of Marble, inform of aPyramide, with two lovely 
 Children carved at the foot of it. After it had been under ft veral 
 Lords in Annoi 527.it became a part of the Church Patrimony and fo 
 continues. 
 
 Whence you muftpafle the River Savio inwhofePort CafarO&a- 
 vianus prepared a great Armada, and then to the River Fiftatello for- 
 merly called Rubicone, famous not only for that the Romans made it 
 the bound of two Provinces, calling the one towards Rome, Italia, 
 and the other towards the Alpes , Gallia Cifalpina, and commanded 
 that no Commander of what quality foever, fhould pref ume to pafs 
 that River towards Rome with armed Souldiers 5 butalfofor that 
 Julius C<efar afterwards Cagainft the determination of the Senate and 
 people of 2?0*#e) conducted his Army over that River towards Rome, 
 where he firft conful ted by reafon of the dangerous confequence 
 might enfue fo rafh a Deed, and in the end refol ved and paffed fay- 
 ing , Eatur quo Deorum ojienta-, & inimicorum iniquitas vacant, Jaffa fit 
 aha : and upon his demurr , there he fa w certain Birds fly , called 
 Augurii which (to his Judgement) feemed to invite him totranfport 
 thofe Souldiers he had commanded in Fr ance,xo commence a War a« 
 gainft Rome his Mother andCountry» 
 
 Travailing from Ravenna to Rimini, on one hand lies the Sea, and 
 on the other fertile and pleafant Fields, the FiaFlaminia,andAlpes i at 
 whofe Feet ftands the ftately City Forli. 
 
 FORLI 
 
 TIs believed, that (after Ajdrubal was (lain by the Roman Conful 
 Livio Salinatore then united with Claudius Nero ) certain old 
 Souldiers built a Caftle and called it Livio , in honour of the faid Li- 
 | vius the Conful, amileandhalfes diftance from where Forli now 
 I ftands, butbecaufe in the Via Maeftra,thexe was a fair Town wherein 
 they made their Mart for Merchandize, and Seat of Judicature, for 
 that caufe called Foro t they fay that the Inhabitants of Livio, after 
 fome time coufidering that twas more comodiousto inhabite the 
 faid Town than their Caftle Livio, agreed with the Townes»men to 
 Icohabite together , and accordingly by Common confent , with 
 1 leave ofAugufias , which was eafily obtained through the mediation 
 oi L ivia his contort, zxxdcornelio G alto a Liviefe, they conjoyned 
 ■thofe two names, Foro and Livio, and for brevity called the place 
 \Forli i which in Latine by the name clearly appears being called/0r*»* 
 
 Livii 9 
 
3 RITTONORO* 
 
 1 Partly 
 
 Livii, which union was made in the time that our Lord Chriftwas 
 being on the Earth, and 208. yeers after, the firft foundation of the 
 Caftle Livio , Forli is placed between the Rivers Ronco and Montone, 
 enjoyes a delicate ayr with a moft fertile Country, in Wines, Oyls, 
 Corn,and Fruit together with Coriander, feed, Annifecd, Cumin- 
 feed and Woad in great abundance. * 
 
 The men of Forli are for the moft part gallant beyond meafure,and 
 retains the martial difpofition of their firft Founders. It was a long 
 time fubjedl: to the Romans, after them to the Bolonians t andbecaufe 
 four Bolonians banilhed out ofBolonia, were courteoufly entertained 
 in Forli 1 the Bolonians raifed a great Army againft them, but in a 
 Battail received fuch an overthrow by the porlefi, that thej never 
 could raife their heads after it, whereby the Bolonians power being 
 abated . the Forleji yielded themfelves up to the Roman Church, 
 from whome afterwards revolting Martin the 4th . difmantled it, and 
 threw down the Walls , configning it to the Family Monfredi, from 
 whom it palled to the OrdeUJi , who again Walled it round, but 
 Sijius the 4th. gave it to Giorlamo Biario Savonefc , whom Ctffar Bor - 
 gia Son of Alexander the 6th. expelled and and tookit by force of 
 Arms, butatlaft in the time of Giulim the fecond, it again retur- 
 ned to the Church under whom to this day, itcontinnebinpeacel 
 and fidelity, it hath yielded many learned and brave men,as Guidon 
 Bonato, Rainier o, Biondi, and others. 
 
 BRlTTONORO. 
 
 ABove Forli ftands Brittonoro, called in Latine Forum Trijarinorum , 
 this City is built upon a hill, and above it hatha ftrong Fort fa - 
 tal to Fredericfahe fecond , it was a Town , but created a City at 
 the inftance oiEgidius Carrilla a SpaniJJj Cardinal,and Legate of Italy , 
 who having deftroyed Forlimpopoli, transferred thence his Epifcopal 
 Seat, to Brittonoro t in Anno 137 .it participates a moft happy Ayr, 
 and rich Country , in Oli ves , Figgs , Vynes , Fruitful Trees, and 
 good Waters. 1 1 hath one place erected intentionally for a profpcft , 
 where you have a full view of the Adriatick Sea, of T> almatiAf.ro a- 
 tia t Venetia, and all Romagna, at one inftant j Barbarojfa the Emperor, 
 at the inftance of Pope Alexander the third, being reconciled to the 
 Venetians, for this beautiful profpe&s fake requefted Brittonora, of 
 the Pope for his habitation, but the Pope perpending theconftant 
 fidelity of this People to the Sea of Rome , pre vay led with the Empe* 
 ror by fair words,not to take from the Churches government, a place 
 that in all occafions had demonftjated fo fincere a Faith to it, and fo 
 it continued under it till Alexander the 6th. confignedit to C<efar 
 B0rgz'0,hisSon,after whom the civil difcords had almoft deftroyed it, 
 its Inhabitants being fo prone to Arms that they know not 
 how to live in Peace, Finally Clement the feaventh, configned it 
 to the Family Pit, who yet enjoy it. 
 
 Hh 2 
 
 FOR- 
 
no I TheHiftory of IT ALT, Parti. 
 
 FORlMPOFOLl 
 
 A Mile and halfe from Brittonoro t on the Via Emilia ftand ForUmpo- 
 poli^alled in Latine Forum Topilii^ which is one of the lour i ori 
 recordedin Plinj/ i on the ViaEmilia.T was a City , but in the year 
 700. Vitaliano being Pope, Criomaldo King of the Longobardi, fecret- 
 Iy entrediton the Sabbath day, when all the People with the Bi- 
 fhop were at Divine Service, and flew all the Males and Females, 
 which done he facked the City , and levelled it with the ground. It 
 was afterward* renewed by the Forlinejr , and again deftroyed by 
 Egiddio Carilla the Popes Legate dwelling in Avignone , who in the 
 yeer 1370. plowed it and fowed it with fait for its utter extirpation , 
 transf erring the Enifcopal Seat to Er/MwonMsafore'aic^twenty yeers 
 after which Sinibuldo Grdelafo Lord of For//, repaired it, and built the 
 formidable Caftte now there. Itenjoyesagood ayr, fertile Fields, 
 and a great Ferry .-'fibrding ample profit. Bofello ^mofl holy man of 
 of ftupeuduous miracles, was its Biftiop, in the Catalogue of Saints, 
 whofe holy bones now lye in the Church called Santa Lucia^Antonel 
 lo Armuzzo with his Sons Meleagro^ and Brunoro, much honoured this 
 Country, who by his Genius and ftrength from a mean perfon ac- 
 quired the dignity of being Captain, of the Popes Cavalry. 
 
 SAKSINA. 
 
 Ear Forlumpopoli is feated the City Sarfmo , at the foot of the 
 Appenines 3 whofe Citizens furnifhed 20000. Armed Souldiers in 
 fupply to the Romans againft the French , when they made a moft fu- 
 rious eruption over the Alpes into Italy , Its ayr is healthfull, and 
 Territory abounds with Olivs 5 Vines and other fruitful Trees. It 
 continued a long time under Malatefti^ but when Rimini became fub- 
 jecl: to the Church Sarfina yeelded withitafterwards,le0 the 10th. 
 bellowed it on the houfe of Pii, this City gave birth to Vicino Bifhop 
 of Liguria a mod holy man,and famous for working miracles, which 
 property hisbodyClyingin the Cathedral Church) yet retains, ino- 
 peration over fuch perfous as were oppreffed with evil fpirits lye ex- 
 pelling them. As alfo to Tlautus that antient and famous Comick^La- 
 tin Poet, who (tis commonly held for truth) wrought here at the 
 Bake-houfe,as a Baker for a lively- hood, and when he had any fpare 
 time, he compofed his Comedies, and fold them, the better to fup» 
 ply his neceffities. Which Opinion Eufebius alfo confirms. 
 
 CESENA. 
 
 C^Efena lies at the foot of a Hill near the River savie, which fo 
 j rapidly runs by it down from the Apeninet that it overflows and 
 infefts, many grounds, before it runs into the Sea. This City hath 
 a ftrong Cittadel upon the hill ad joyning to the heart of the City by 
 means of a Pyle, built by Frederick, the fecond Emperor now near 
 ruined. Tii worth ones pains to feetheCburch, whereon theroof 
 hangs a piece of a poudered Hog , nay led to it in remembrance of a 
 
 Mira- 
 
Parti. 
 
 R I MINI. 
 
 lil 
 
 Miracle wrought thus. San Tietro the Martyr, caufed the convent ! 
 of Saint Domenick, to be built, in the time of whofe ftrncf ure, craving 
 Almes for the Love of God, it happened that this piece of the Pou- 
 dred Hoggs flefh was bellowed on him, whereof he gave and fed the 
 Workemen and Labourers till the faid Convent was finifhed, and 
 ftill there remained that which now hangs up there, for that what 
 ever the Saint cut off,grew8rincreafed day by day in the fame manner 
 and quantity ,as in its firft ftate s asifit had not been at all touched or 
 diminilhed.lt abounds with excellent wines and all other neceffaries. \ 
 Itsorigmal isnotknown, yet twas ever and is ftill well peopled. It 
 was under the Emperors, the Church, the Bolonians , the Ordolaft , 
 Mighardo di Sujfenn a } sind the JUalateJii, the laft of whom Mala tejio No 
 vella, collected a (lately Library 3 not now fo defpicablealfo to be paf- 
 fed without a view> in the Monafteryof Saint Fr<*««f , whofurren* 
 dred the City to the Church from whom twas wrefted by C<efar Bor- 
 gia called Duke Valentino Son of Alexander the 6th. and from him it 
 once more returned in obedtence to the Church, and fo continued 
 in quiet ever fince; on the Mount near it is a Church called Maria del 
 Monte Cejena, where the Benedi&ines ferve. 
 
 RIMINI. 
 
 THe number of Antiquities through this City fhew it very anti- 
 ent; Twas beautifyed divers times by Augujius c<efar and the 
 I fucceeding Emperors,with fumptuous Fabricks,w hereof the reliques 
 yet remaining give afufficient teftimony many Hiftorians relate, that 
 twas made a Colony of the Romans before the firft P«»/f^, War, toge- 
 ther with Benevento 3 Fublius Sempronius Sofo^znd Appius Claudius , Son 
 of the Blind,, being Confuls,which was 485 yeers after the foundati- 
 on of Rome. After which twas held and inhabited by the Romans > 
 as a Fortezza in thofeConfines againft the French , and there mod of 
 the Roman Commanders(defigned with Armies to forein Countries) 
 were wont to make their Rendezvous, fignifying to their People, 
 what day they fhould there render themfel ves , as Livy more plain- 
 ly fets down. Twas called Rimini from the River Rimini which 
 wafhes it. The Ficenti firft juftly held it, but they were over- 
 come by Appius Claudius who triumphed for it , and dilated the Em- 
 pire from Fjino , or Fiumefino to the River FiJJatello. Tis feated in a 
 meft fertile Plain, having on the Eaft and Weft parts of it excellent 
 plow- Lands,5on theSouth great plenty of Gardens,Qrchards, Olive- 
 Woods, and Vineyards upon the hills of the Apenine Mountains, 
 and on the North the Adriaticl^Sea, all which as twere in emulation 
 ftrive which (hall exceed the other in affording of neceffaries and de- 
 licacies ofall forts to its Inhabitants. 
 
 Tis a comodious and fair City,repleni(hed with ftrucfures alia Mo 
 j derna, in the Fiazza is a glorious fountain fprouting fweet and clear 
 j waters through feveral pipes.Towards theSea are fome Reliques of a 
 I (lately Theatre; over the River Arintino (lands a Bridge built with 
 j large fquare Marble (lones by Augujius, which conjoins the Via Flami- 
 I nia t to the Via Emilia i and the City to the Suburb , which is 200.foot 
 j long in 5. Arches 3 and 15. broad, whofe fides are wrought in Doric\ 
 j ftru&ure , upon one of which is inferibed the Titles oiAugufius C<e- 
 far, and on another thofe of Tiberius G<efar , whence we compute 
 I Ii this 
 
Ill 
 
 The Hiftory of I T ALT, Part I J 
 
 this Bridge was finilhed 7j8* yeers after the foundation of Rome^ 
 C. Calvijius i and Gtt. Lentultts than Confuls , being begun by Augn* 
 J}us(who much laboured to beautify and [accomodate the ViaFlaminia 
 f pa ring no coftj and finilhed in the daies of Tiberius. Some part of the 
 old Port appears yet but fo inconsiderable, that it can onely receive 
 Small boars. But how great and magnificent this hath been, may 
 be collected from that proud andftupendious ftrucfure 3 the Church 
 SanFrancejco, which was built by Sigifmond AJalteJia, Prince of this 
 City, with the Marble Stones haled out of the old Port. 
 
 A t the Porta Orientate, leading to Fefaro s is a fair Marble Arch , e- 
 recred there in honour of AuguJimC^far, when having been feaven 
 times Confulj he was 1 elected for the eighth, he having fortified and 
 adorned ( by commiffion of the Senate,and Will of the People of 
 | Rome ) the five chief Roads of Italy 9 as may be gueffed , from thofe 
 [ few legible fragments of carved Letters yet remaining , whereby it 
 j appears that the. Via Flaminia, was of great confideration , Augujiut 
 ! having afiumed to himfelf the care of accommodating that Road 
 fiom Rome to Rimini(as Suetonicus recounts) and given the charge of 
 accommodating the reft to certain llluftrious Men, with order to dif- 
 ! pofe what ever fpoiles they took from the Enemies,to that purpofe* 
 For a memorial of which publique benefit,are yetextant certain mo- 
 neys or medals of Gold then ftamped with the Effigies of Augufius, 
 with his titles on the one fide, and on the other an Arch with two 
 Doors elevated over a Way, on the top whereof fits Viftory driving 
 a triumphal Chariot,with thefe words, gupd via tmmite Jint > which 
 words declare theoccafionof that great honour done toCafar was for 
 his care and coft in amending the high Waies & publick Roads. Of 
 which Arch now wholly deftroyed,many Reliques ly on the Via Fta- 
 miuia even toRome. 
 
 But the fhorteft way to Rome, is to go over the Hills which ly 
 Sou th- ward from Rimini, where ftands theCaftleF/'cre, topafsthe 
 River lfuuro, thirty mileswhence is Vrbino, and eight miles more 
 is Acqujlugna, there to enter the ViaFlamtnia, and travail toVmbria. 
 la the Via. flaminia, on the right hand upon a Hill is Verncchio, the 
 firfi: habitation of the Jllalatefia , to whom .it was given] by Otho the 
 Emperor, and higher in the Mountains is thcRouvg S.Martinojn 
 in Latine Acer Mons, a noble rich and well- peopled Place. which hath 
 ever preferved it felf in full Liberty, nor was it ever conquered, 
 which at a diftance looks like a confufed heap of Mountains,without 
 way or means co afcend to. On the fame way 1 5. miles off Rimini 
 begins the Plain , which reaches without obftacle of hill to the Alp 
 Cottie, which divide Italy from France, this Plain is very fpatious and 
 fertile in all things , filled v/ith Towns and Villages on all fides. In 
 view whereof lies Poggio, Imperial , at whofe foundatian Frederic^ 
 the third Emperor layed the firft ftone, where the Pier ures of all the 
 line oiAufieria, are excellently delineated. 
 
 T 
 
 PESARO. 
 
 His City was built by the Romans 119. yeers before the coming . 
 of Chrift,near the River Ifaurus, whence with little alteration 
 \\l took its name. Its Walls and Bulwarks were begun by Francefco] 
 
 Maria > 
 
Parti. 
 
 F A NO. 
 
 Maria delRoverefii. finifhed by Guidi Baldo 3 his Son jtis beautifyed with 
 irately ftructures for divine, publick and private life, worth a view. 
 Without theCity is built thePrincesPalace.In Tejaro they hold certain 
 Fairs whither refort Merchants from farr Countries,bur in regard the 
 Port is (topped lb thatnone but fmall Boats may enter, they carry 
 their Merchandize on Afles and Mules. Twas madeaColony of the 
 | Romans 56^. yeers after the foundation of Romeflauditts Pulchrus\ 
 and Lucius Port icus Licinns being then Confuls, and among the reft 
 fent thither to inhabit was L. Actus the excellent Tragick Poet, born 
 of Father and Mother that were Libertines . plntarl^ (in the life of 
 Antom «.r)records this City to have received much damage by a Cleft 
 or falling in of the Earth , after that Jit. Antony had a fecond time 
 conducted Romans to inhabite there , which was a fhort time before 
 that Warr,awherein himfelf" with Cleopatra werejovercome by Augu- 
 Jius. At the Palace of the Governour is a Magazine furniflied with 
 excellent and various Arms. 
 
 From Tejaro you mult go to Fano, and along the more to Senigalia. 
 Near the rorta of Riminiis s. Bridge over the KiverFogli.iy which is the 
 Confines of the Provinces of Marcad'Aucona and Romagna. On the 
 way appears Novellara Monte Abate^Monte Barucic^nd 1 5. other Towns 
 Tejaro yeeJds fuch ftore of the belt Figgs that they are there dryed to 
 tranfport over Italy, and are accounted better than thofe from Scla- 
 vonia. 
 
 123 
 
 FANO. 
 
 «p»] 
 
 His City was fo denominated from the Temple of Fortune here 
 JL erected, which in Latine is called Fannm. It ftands on the Via Fla. 
 minia t in a good Soyl, which yeelds all forts of Corn , Wine , and 
 Oyl, in great plenty. Many fay ^M^wjC^rmadsitaColonyjCon 
 duelling thither Roman People to inhabit, at that time when he(as 
 Suetonius writes} drew out of Rome 28. Colonies, and Pomponius Mela 
 faies,that from the name of Julia Cl<efare,twas called Ciulio Fanejlreps 
 may be alfo collected from certain old inferiptions there extant From 
 the R.eliques of the old Walls , and from the Arch placed over the 
 Gate by which you enter coming from Rome on the / it Flaminia,imy 
 be drawn , that twas begirt with Walls by A 'ugu ft «.<-, andreftored 
 afterwards by Coftantio, and Cofianto, Sonnsof the great Conjtan- 
 tine. 
 
 The faid Arch remained entire till the time of Pope Pius the fe- 
 cond, and wasmade with great Art, carved with figures and Let- 
 ters, but was deftroyed by the Artillery in the War againft the Far 
 nefis though for its remembrance a draught of it was take n and car- 
 ved on the Walls of the Church S. Michiele, at their common 
 charge, whereof,nor of any thing elfe of antiquity does ought entire 
 appear. 
 
 In its neighbourhood beyond the River Metauro , are fome places 
 famous for theDeeds of Arms there performed. For M. Livius^sjiaato 
 ZtClaud. Nerone Confuls overcame and flew Ajdmbal Brother of Hanni- 
 bal the Carthaginian , on the Banks of the River, which made Ham 
 nibed defpair of maintaining Carthage againft the Romans , feeing the 
 head of his Brother carried at the head of the Koman Army for his 
 
 Ii 2 view 
 
n<f 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part I. 
 
 view whereby to render him cowardly. Somewhat beyond which 
 place is the Field where Totila King of the Goths was overcome by 
 Narfete Evemcho, the firft Exarcfa&d Legate of Jnftiniant he Emperoi, 
 which viftory wholly freed Italy from the Government or rather Ty- 
 ranny of the Gothes , for that lotila being mortally wounded fled 
 thence to the Adenines (as Trocopiw in his third Book of the Gothic!^ 
 hiftory relates) and there dyed. 
 
 The Voyage or Journey from F A NO to 
 F VLIG NO by the VIA EMILIA 
 
 FOSSVMBRVNO. 
 
 TRavaling Weftward from Fatto appear many villages among 
 the Mountains, and then taking the Via Flaminia Southward on 
 the right-hand more of the River Metauro , you arrive at Fojjumbru- 
 noji City plaeed as twere in the midft of the Plain between the Hill 
 and the River. Its Frabricks are modern,by reafon that the old were 
 wholly call: down by the Gothes or Longcbardi i In the biggeft Church 
 remain fome old Infcriptions , denoting its antiquity} frcm which 
 City purfuing the Journey you muft pafs the River Metauro by a 
 woodden Bridge, then entring the Via Flaminia, on each fide palling 
 by pleafant and fertile Fields, you reach the River Candiano , near 
 which lies the Wi\\ Afdrubal > fo denominated from the overthrow 
 there given Afdrubal by the abovenamedConfnls. Whence the Via 
 Flamwia } was paved by AugujlusXo KomCj half a miles length where- 
 of was cut thorow a ftony Rock with a Chizel, which is twelve paces 
 broad,tis called Forlo 3 Then were certain Letrersjinfcribed,which age 
 hath worn cut, yet their fenfe remains, viz. That that noble and 
 8t laborious,work was performed by Titus Vcfpaftan,C andiano runs for 
 three miles along the Hills, which paffeddies a Plain , and 10. miles 
 thence is Acqualagna, where dyed Totila 3 K\ng of the Gothes overcome 
 by Narfete as aforefaid, beyond which is the City Cagli-^xxd the Bourg 
 Cariano^ built out ofthe Ruines of the City Z.»tcr/d, heretofore (lan- 
 ding where now the Bridge is, but deftroyed by Narfete, when the 
 perfidious Elenterio i arrogating to himfelf the Title of Emperor was 
 difcomfited , beyond which is the heigth of the Alps which terminate 
 the Province oiAncona^ and Senigaglia^Sigello and Galdo. 
 
 NOCERA. 
 
 LAftly upon one of the Apenines t Hands Nocera, heretofore fa- 
 mous for the Earthen Veflels there curioufly made, now for the 
 Abundance of the Wine called Mufcatello t at the foot of the Moun- 
 tain whereon Nocera ftands, is the Valley Trinia i fo named from the 
 
 River 
 
 
Parti. 
 
 ANC ONA. 
 
 125 
 
 R.wer7r/»w,whero'''5z//»/fpeaksthusjTr7>/^»c;'»5/(7r/tf«xAKw^r } calling 
 it un worthy among Rivets, lor not being navigable. The way tho- 
 row which Valley is very dangerous, beacufe of the neceility to 
 wade feveral times through the River, where fometimes the poor 
 Travellers are bemired, by reafbn that in the bottom there is a 
 moft itiffmudd, whereby they are ofc drowned through their Igno- 
 rance of" certain Whirl-pools, covered with mudd , noteafily to be 
 avoided but by fuch as are well skilled in the pafl'age.The faid vale is 
 1 2 miles long.,and in it is foligno. 
 
 The Journy from' FA N A to FOLIGNO 
 
 and ROME, byabetterbii!: 
 
 longer Way, 
 
 Eeyond I a»o upon the Adriatic!^ Sea, teSinigaghaa. famous and 
 _ antientCuy iirft called Sena, from theSenom whobu'lt it. When 
 the Senoni wer e driven out by the Romans, they made it a Colony 
 together with Cafiro and Haclr in, Dolabellabe'mg Conful, about the 
 time that Italy was extended beyond the River E/c, andtheDutchy 
 of Spoleto zddedtoit. Titus Livius in his 27th- book allures us that 
 M, Livius Salinatorus the Conful quartered in Senigaglia when Asdru- 
 bal was not above half a mile diftant, overlooking all Italy and 
 railing in it great terror, when C.NeroneCollegneoi Livy, withdraw- 
 ing himfelf from Bajilocata, with a flying Army of 6000. Foot 
 and 1000. Horfe, by a nights march, conjoyned himfelf with Livy, 
 and the next morn the two Confuls cut in pieces the Army of Ap 
 drubal, and flew the faid Captain, while he defigned to fly over the 
 A/etauro,as afore declared. 
 
 ANCONA. 
 
 Is a famous noble rich City, and hath the moft eminent Port in 
 all Italy : whence the Merchants out diSclavoniafireeee, Dalma- 
 tia, and all Europe frequent it. Al! Writers agree it had its founda- 
 tion from the Siracnjany , flying from theTyrany of Dioniftus, 'Tis 
 likely it became a Colony of the Komans, 485. yeers after Monies 
 building when the Aim hiani were overcome by Publius Sempronius , 
 thiConful, and the Confines of Italy enlarged. For then twasne- 
 celiary to place K.nman People on thofe boundaries. It took its name 
 from Ancon in Greek which fignifies an Elbow , in which form is its 
 Port and Harbour a fecure Station for Ships. Many Writers, worthy 
 belief )fay, that in the time of the Koman Empire twas a renowned 
 I City aed well Inhabited for the conveniency of the Harbour,and no- 
 ! bly reftored by Trajan the Emperor with incredible expenee,where- 
 ■ of fome Rel iques remain. 
 
 It hath fair Fabricks, rich Merchandize,bufinefs , and People in 
 I good number. Tis environed with Walls and Bui works, there e- 
 jj- Kk reefed, 
 
u6 j TheHifioryof 11 ALT, Part LI 
 
 retted at the charge of the Popes to enable it with refifLnce againftl 
 invafions a good part of the Walls are yet of Marble , antiently twas j 
 all of Marble, the Port hath ftrong Pillars tofafien (hipping to 3 and 
 convenient defcents to theWater, as alfo ftrong Cranes tor removing 
 Goods into, and out of the Veffels.Some Medals are yet extant (lam- 
 ped in honour otTrajane with the form of thatPort,&a j\jf^aweCrow- 
 nedin water before the Mouth of the Porte, with the Rudder of a 
 (hip in his right-hand, and a Dolphin near. Ithaihtwo chains 
 wherewith they (hut up theentrance, therein are at all times Ships 
 and Galleys of all forts. There is an Arch moft (lately ,raifcd in ho* 
 nour oiTrajane, in gratefull acknowledgment of that pubiick bene- 
 fit , his refioring the Porte^by the Senate and People of Rome, which 
 Arch although difpoiledofthofe Ornaments ,. it formerly had , yet 
 (like the Picture of a fair Woman 'it attracts the eyes o\ the beholders 
 railing wonder in them, moving the Fancy to confider the Art, beau- 
 ty ana proportion of that Piece, from the great fquares of Marble 
 and degrees yet to be feen , on all (ides (hewing a moll: proportio- 
 nate and beautifull appearance. 
 
 'Tis of no finall confederation : That all the Statues and other 
 O.naments. are carved into,or inlaid in thofe great (quart ftones,and 
 not fixed outwardly , which Squares too are fo clofe connexed that 
 tis impodible to put in the point of a Knife between them, but looks 
 as iftwere one entire Rock, which (hewes the sk ill and Art of the 
 Artificer. On it is infcribed as follows. 
 
 IMP. CMSARI. DIV1. NERVJE. F. NERVJE. 
 TRAIANO. OPTIMO. AVG. GERMANIC. DA- 
 CL CO. FONT. MAX. TR. POT. XIX. IMP. 
 IX. COS. VI. P. P. PRoVlDENTlSS IMOi 
 PRlNCIPI. SENATES. P. <gz R. gfOD. AC. 
 GE$SVM. ITALlM. HOC. ETlAM. ADDlTO. 
 
 EX- PECVNIA. SVA. 
 P R TV. T vTlO KEM.NAVJGANTlBys.RE D- 
 
 DIDERlT. 
 
 On the Right-hand. 
 
 PLOTINM. AVG. 
 CONIVGh AVG. 
 
 On the Left-hand. 
 
 DlVJE. MARcINjE. 
 SORORI. AVG. 
 
 Thereby we fee that Divine honours were then given to Tr a jan 
 and his Sifter. 
 
 Tis not ill fpent time neither to afcend the Mount Anco»a,zn& be . 
 hold its Rarities, which is the promontory Cuwero, where firft is the 
 antient Cathedral Church Saint Cxriaro , of admirable Arcnitefture, 
 and cnrious Marbles, in its Veftry are infinite Reliques of S3ints,and 
 offirings of great valew prefented for devotion.One may gather from 
 
 (otne 
 
Parti. 
 
 F A NO. 
 
 fomeverfesof Iuvenal that not far diftant was dedicate a Temple to 
 Venus but no thing now remains of it. From that hesgth may be feen 
 a large fpaceofSea, the bending or'the Port, the placing oi; the City 
 and the (ite of the Promoniory it feif , fo con-yoyned v»r h the Appe- 
 nines, that fome fay it appears their head, but others rr. ore ratio- 
 nally its Arm, reaching hence to Mount Angela y all along afhoreof 
 the jdriiiikkSez, As alfo many near Cities, Caliles, andBurges,as 
 5;r<j/(?celebrious for the good Wice called Anconitana t by Pliny firiitio 7 
 Ofimo^ and others. 
 
 Upon a Mount near the River Mujone i [iandsCingola a Caftle built 
 by litus Labieniis 3 out of the many robaries committed by hin^whiie 
 he was Embailador o(C.t<ejar and Proconjulin Gallia in that long War. 
 The fhape of which Caftle we finde engraven upon certain piecesof 
 filver and gold with his Titles, of whofeib great Riches, CictroSili- 
 us Vaknus, Max. and Dion, fpeake fcornfully iavecf ively, and bitter- 
 ly, but now to our Voyage. 
 
 The holy houfc of L K ETO. 
 
 Fifteen miles being paffed you finde placed upon a hill the famous 
 Church of the V trgin Maria de Loreto } vifited from all partsof the 
 Woi Id by F//gm«/jeiiher through penance enjoyned thereto,or their 
 own vows or devotion,Tis c&\ltdLoreto,tor that in anfient timeftood 
 near it aVVood of Laurels.Some willhave,that in the fameplacewzthe 
 MoutjftoodtheCaftlecwfrfof theTpfcans with theantiqueTempIeof 
 Juno Caprana now tis aTown but yet envronedwithWalls, Ditches, 
 Fortreiles,and Arms in readinefs, to defend it felffrom the violence 
 and fnares of the Corfari . banifht Perfons, Robers and other wick- 
 ed Men, whereby the Inhabitants live fecurely and are wtli provi- 
 in all things for the receit ot ftrangers. 'Tis a moft ftately Church , 
 built with fquared Stones of excellent Marble of great coff, in the 
 mic! ft whereof the Tilgrims vifite that moft holy Chamber of the Vir- 
 gin Mary, with a great devotion, which is compaffed in with a fur- 
 rounding fquare of Marbles engraven and wrought with figures of 
 admirable a; tifke.,but fo placed that it toucheth not theWalls there- 
 of in any part.and tis credibly held , that thofe Walls within which / 
 the Queen ol Heaven was born and brought up.ought not to be more 
 wrought or adorned by human induftry. This Chamber was brought 
 hither from Paleftim by Angells^znd he is pronounced an Infidel 
 that doubts thereof . having fo many grave Authors and dayly Mi- 
 racles to prove it. 
 
 Thegreat quantity of Tablets, Offerings, and Prefents, hung up- 
 on the Walls, Pillars, and Cornifhes of theChurch, at the fir ft en- 
 trance will raife a certain pronefs to honour the place in the moft ob- 
 durat heart.There it clearly appears how great and infpeakable figns 
 the moft great God fhewes of his Power for the Salvation of human 
 kind,by granting all the prayers of fuch as with a devout and fincere 
 heart feek him,&c. 
 
 The infiniteMir^cles wrought there,fhew that God will be fought 
 in one place morejhan another,in the Church hang many pourtraies 
 of human mifery (as in a theatre) which notwithstanding our merci- 
 full God conduceth to a good end, as particularly by divers acci- 
 dents by Water,evil Times, Shipwracks,Thunderbolts Earthquakes 
 
 Kk 2 Deftruftions 
 
 \1J 
 
u8 
 
 TheHiftory oilTALT, Part I. 
 
 
 Deftru&ions, Precipitous falls, braking of bones, SicknefTes, du 
 feafes, Plague, Slaughters, Robberies, Prifons, Torments, hun- 
 ger, Want, and many others, which a hundred tongues can hardly 
 explicate as Virgil faith. 
 
 With which affli&ionsGod is pleafed to exercife his Children, to 
 exprelTe his Clemency more than his Juftice, that by it we may more 
 truly prepare our hearts and our Souls worthy for his habitation,and 
 for our eternal blifs. 
 
 In this Church are many rare and pretious gifts of feveral Princes, 
 dedicated to the Virgin Mary, in the Veftry are kept the Veils, Vef- 
 fels of Gold and Silver and other Riches of iinmenfe valew, and 
 about the Chnrch are many Tablets of Verfes in praife of the 
 Church. 
 
 AAA A, 
 
 !>$$&$$<|M 
 
 
 
 TheNobleneis and Magnificence of the Church 
 
 ofLORETO, compendioufly drawn out 
 
 of the five Books oiFloratio TLorfellino 
 
 a Jefuift. 
 
 ALthough no day paffeth wherein theCel of the holy Virgin isnot 
 v\dtedbymanyi\iatigeTS ) aswe\lroieSySpaniarclf i Ger»tanf-,rort}tgalf i 
 6c other Oltrantontaneous and Ultramarine Na tions as Italians ) yet there 
 are two feafonsin theyeer, when there is exceeding concourfe to 
 wit,Spring and Autumn. In the Spring begins the Solemnity, the 
 day of the Conception of our Lord, and in Autumn the day of the 
 birth of our Lady, and each folemnity continues for 3. Moneths, 
 wherein each day thehoufeof hereto is repaired toby great multi- 
 tudes of people,the greater part whereof go in companies with their 
 Enfignes, having carryed before them a Crucifix with thelmagesof 
 Saints. Every Company bath its own governors & Priefts who fmg, 
 8c the Donatives offered follow, which are of more or leile valew ac- 
 cording to theqnality of the Perfons and their Devotions, which 
 method of going&finging praiersck praifes toGod,excites great piety 
 in the Pi'gi ims,and people who follow (though not in order) in infi- 
 nite multitudes. When at a diffance the Companies begin to fee 
 the Church ( which is feated on a hill above the Fields) they inter- 
 nally art moved to devotion , and caft thcmfelves upon theground 
 weeping for joy, faluting the Mother of God,and then purfue their 
 journey, fome renting their garments and putting on fackcloth, 
 others beating themfelves 8 and being beaten by others with many 
 ft ripes on the nakedfhoulders.Inthe mean time thePriefts ofLoretogo 
 jtomeet thefe Companies, introducing them into the Church, with 
 1 folemn mufick, Trumpets,and Bells , when they approach the dore 
 I the Companies again fall flat on theground faluting the Virgin from 
 the bottome of their hearts, with fuch zeal, that the beholders are 
 'moved to tears. Ar- 
 
Parti ~ ANCONA. 
 
 Arrived at the Chamber of the Virgin, which mines moft clear by 
 the many lights brought in their hands, they contemplate the Effi- 
 gies of the Madonna, with fuch Piety , Tears, Sighs, and humility , 
 as is wonderfull, and many affix them felvesfo much toconfiderthe 
 place and Aftions which the Mother of Chrift there performed, that 
 were they not driven out by other companies who overtake them, 
 they wculd never remove thence , but fuch as come from far Coun- 
 treys, not being able to preferve the order of Companies, refort 
 thither in the belt manner they can, the moft part if not all commu- 
 nicate there, and leave their offerings at the Altar, but the moft pre- 
 cious offerings are consigned to the deputies J whofe charge is to fet 
 them and the givers names down in a Book 3 for perpetual remem- 
 brance. The Altar erecTed by the Apoftles, and the effigies of the 
 Virgin Mxry^ are alwaies clothed from time to time with fumptuous 
 garments, aud ornaments of great valew both in Gold and 
 Jemms. 
 
 The Church is alwaies full with wax lights and Lamps burning, 
 refounding with mufickandOrgans,but what more imports tis filled 
 with the Spirit ofGod,which terrifies thebad,rejoices thegoodj heals 
 the infirm , and works ftupendious miracles. The number ofthe / 
 Pilgrims at Eajicr ufethtobei2ooo. and at the Tenticofl and nativity 
 ofthe Virgin not much inferiour if not more,there hath been the day 
 ofthe faid Nativity in our times, and the day following above two 
 hundred thoufand Pcrfons which hath neceflifated the intendents, 
 to make a rail round about the Cel whereby to exclude and a J mit 
 whom they think fit, that they may not be opprefl: by Multitude. 
 Moreover becaufe in all times the Companies of Souldiers inten- 
 ding for the Wars refort thither firft to confefs and communicate,the 
 Road is fo well accommodated with Inns and houfes of Reception , 
 that any Perfon though delicate and weak, may make the journey 
 on foot, befides that the continual concourfe of frefh companies to 
 and fro, renders the way lefs heavy 5 this convenience invited M. 
 Antonio Cofonna' not to fpeak of others ) a famous, rich , and great 
 Commander, to take that Journey on foot. Thefe Companies ha- 
 ving feen the countenance of the Virgin* rejoyce fpiritually,and com- 
 monly acknowlege they have gathered great benefit from the Pilgri- 
 mage though difficult. Were it riot too long & difficult twere worth 
 ones pains to recount the vowes there made, and rendred to God , 
 how many there efcape out ofthe mire of Sin , how many are there 
 loofed from the intricate tyes of carnal and forbidden pleafures,how 
 many there lay down their hatred and old envy, how many men al- 
 moftdefperate todomoregood, and bcund already to the Gates of 
 hell by compaft between them and theDivel,yet there deliver them- 
 felves from the Enemy, and recover a ftate of Salvation j finally, as 
 the Soul is more pretious than the Body, fo the Miracles ofthe blef- 
 fed Virgin of Loreto wrought for the Soul , are more than thofe that 
 ! are for the Body, fo that to difcourfe more at large the things tou- 
 i ched here, were a defire to meafure and confine the divine power by 
 (humane frailty. Which to avoid, tis better to let it alone, thanun- 
 j dertaking it to reft unfatisfied, and although for the moft part Fame 
 j furpaffeth the thing fpoken orj yet whoever hath feen Loreto, muft 
 confefs Fame could not fpeak fo much of it and its glory as he there | 
 ! faw and contemplated. L 1 The 1 
 
i } o The Hiflory otITJLT, Part I.j 
 
 The remarkable and wonderfull 
 
 Site of theHoufeof 
 
 LORETO. 
 
 TIs credibly reported, that the houfe of the bleffed Virgin lea- 
 ving (of its own accord ) Galilea, firft went into Dolmatia 
 and there flopped in a Wood of Marchiano , whence it went into a 
 Mountain belonging to two Brothers who were at difcord^ but to 
 remain there for a time, God having determinated that it fbould flay 
 where now it ftands, and we hope will ever continue if fome fins 
 of the adjeent People make not the place unworthy and tisprefu- 
 med that fince it came from Gahlee&nd the mount becaufe the fins of 
 the People there made it unworthy, fo the knowlege the Virgin had 
 of the qualityofthis People made her tranfmit her habitation hither 
 and the cften mutations of the places makes it evident to all, that 
 this is the true Stanza or Celi of the bleiTed Virgin departed from 
 Galilca, 
 
 It arrived in this Province in Italy t in the yeeri295. andinlefTe 
 thana yeer changed its place of fray three times though but within 
 compafle of a mile, but who will confider its now aboademuft find 
 that the wit of man could not invent a better. 
 
 r.BattiJia Mantanano Viccar General of thcC*rmel/tes(among other 
 grave Authersjto whom this houfe was firft given in cuffody before 
 it left Galilee") averrs the trnthof the former relations: Societies of 
 Priefts , that are Liuguifis have it now in government whereby to be 
 the better able to take the confeffions of all Nations and give ab- 
 folutions, &c. 
 
 RECANAU. 
 
 FRom Loreto the way leads to Recanati^a. new City built out of the 
 Reliqnes of the old Hehi a Ricina 9 whereof fome will have JUace- 
 rd/atobebuiltalfo, which Helviawas once magnificently repaired 
 by Hehio f many of its old foundations and the bafes of an Amphi- 
 theatre yet appear upon the Road. From/ orcto to Rccanati, is three 
 mile of very rough Way, over Mountains. In it is held a publick 
 fair every yeer in September, in the great Church lies Pope Gregory 
 the lath, who in the Council of Conftanza renounced the Papacy, 
 tis feated on the top of a high and fpatious Mountain environed 
 with the Adenines, Cmgolo, the Sea,and fome other little Hills. Be- 
 yond which is a plain, in it, San Severino 9 heretofore a Bourg , but 
 made a City by Pope Sixtus quint/is , Mathdica and Fabriano, famous 
 for the Pure writing paper there tnade,and then Camerino t a well for- 
 tified place abounding nolefs in Riches than People. Italwaies 
 
 affifted 
 
Parti, 
 
 F LI G N 0. 
 
 affifted the Romans , aud hath produced many emminent Men. 
 Through the Vale c^mmnoi you may go to Foligm and Spokto. 
 
 MACERATA. 
 
 KEEping the dire ft Way thorow the Mountains you meet Mace- 
 rata, iamous for greatnefie and beauty, and the moft noble Ci' 
 ty of the Marchiano. In it is a College of Lawyers, called the Rota, 
 deputed to hear Caufes, and the Rdldence of the Governors of all 
 the Province, Two great Caufes for its full peopling/ About it ly fe- 
 veralBourgSj Caftles, and Towns, zsTokntino , where they reve* 
 rence the ie\iques of sanNicolo, of the Auguftine Order, who there 
 lived holily .• Mont&lto, Fcrmo, Afcolo, and Seravalle, beyond which 
 lies Santa Anatolia, whence through a Valley lies the waytoSd^Fo- 
 ligno, which is two days journy from Loreto. 
 
 FOLIGNO. 
 
 THe Longobardi i haviDg deftroyed Foro Flaminio, the Inhabitants 
 out of its Ruines built Foligno. The City is rich |n Merchandize, 
 fmall but pleafant, it hath a goodly porte, whence the Citizens 
 repelled the aifoults of the Longobardi, the Cities Taugia and Ajfijia. 
 are Weftward twenty miles from Foligno. 
 
 All along the Flaminian Way, ly moft flourifhing Fields, planted 
 with all forts of Fruits, Vines, Gardens, Olive- Trees,& Almonds, 
 praifed to the skies, by Fropertius Virgil, and other Poets. 
 
 On the right hand lies Ahvania, the Countrey of Fropertius 
 and its Territory, which produceth large Bulls and Oxen, on the 
 left was the Antient Temple of Metujca, near it is the Source of the 
 River Clitumxus, ifluing wirh a clear and plentifull head of Water, 
 enough to water the Fields oiEertagna, which at its fecond itage,had 
 the name of a God given it by the blind Gentiles, to whom tis be- 
 lieved the neighbouring Temple of Marble (now antique yet noble) 
 was dedicate in old time. Tis made in that form ( which Vitruvim 
 writing of the order of Temples, teaches that thofe of Fountains, 
 Wimphes, Venus, Flora, and projerpina. ought to have, to wit to have 
 fomefimilitude with their Gods; and hath in the Ornaments of the 
 outfide leaves of Bears- foot, and Holm tree, which demonftrate 
 thefruitfulnefs of clitumnus, which the Antients obferved, fofat- 
 ned the adjacent Paftures, that thereby the Herds of Cattel grew ve- 
 ry grear, and (r//^ 3 Lucan, and Servius the Commentator of Virgil) 
 averrthat thofe Cattel drinking of the water of clitumnus became 
 white. 
 
 Out of thefe Herds the Roman Conquerors ufed to felect the moft 
 fair, and in their triumphs to facrifice them for a happy Augury to 
 the vi&orybrought with them. The fame alfo were led by the Em- 
 perors,(which triumphed) with their horns guilt, and bathed with 
 the water of this River, unto the Campidoglio, and there facrificed 
 to yve and other Gods,which made the Spohtrm to honour clitum- 
 nus as a God, and to it were dedicated by the antients, Temples and 
 Groves, as may be colle&ed from Fropertius in thefe words. 
 
 I$I 
 
 LI 
 
 gUA 
 

 ■3* 
 
 TheHiftory oilTALT, ~PartT. 
 
 guaformofa (no tlitumnns flumina Lnco 
 Integer, C^ niveot abluit unda boves. 
 
 Virgil the Prince of Poets inthefecondofhisG^g?'^/, fpeakingpo> 
 litely of thepraife of Italy, faith thus. 
 
 Hinc albi Clitumne greges & maxima tdttrus 
 Viftimafiepe tuo perfnfi fluminefacro 
 Romano s adtempla Denm duxere triumphos. 
 
 Silius alfo touches upon this conceipt in the Carthaginian War in few 
 words to wit 
 
 Etlavit ingentem perfufum famine J aero 
 Clittimnw taurum. 
 
 SPOLETO. 
 
 IN the fame day theTraveller may go from Foligno 3 to Spokto,a. fplen. 
 didCity deficient in nothing, the Residence of the Longubardi Prin- 
 ces now ennobled by the Title of the Duke ot 0*»/>rd,antien tly twas a 
 ftrong Roman Colony fo made by Litius, and rt duced by the Romans, 
 when they had overthrown the OmbriMx theConfulare or C. Claudi- 
 us Centone , and Marius Sempronius Tuditanus. Which Colony (after 
 the Romans had received the Rout near Irajineno ) was fo bold as to 
 withftandHd/w'/^/theConqueior, and taught him to gather what 
 vaft frrength the Roman Empire was of from the power of onelole 
 Colony,by forceing him to turn tayl,&retreat after the loffe of many 
 men into the Marchiana. The old broken ftru&ures (hew that it flou* 
 rilhed greatly in the Romaus time. One may yet fee the Palace of The- 
 odorkkjtmg of Goths, destroyed by the Goths but rebuilt by Narfete 
 Captain tor Jujiinian the Emperor. The Temple of Concord, the 
 foundation of a Theatre and of ftately Aquidu&s. 
 
 tERNl 
 
 T He following day through the Valley Strattnra (clofed in by 
 Hills, Rocks, and cliffs of the Apenines ) you reach Terni called 
 iter anna by the Antients from its inclofur e between the branches of 
 the River Nera. The old Ruins of the Edifices (hew it to have been 
 in all things greater than at prefent , and wi thin memory tis known 
 much decay came to it by inteftine hatred and civil difcords. 
 
 Many antient Marble Infcriptions (hew thattwasa freeCityof 
 the Romans , but at what time it received the title of a free City, and 
 the Prerogative of Roman Denizenfiip, is not certaudy known'P/i^a 
 us obfervesfrom a great Marble ftone fixed in the Walls of the Ca- 
 thedral Church, that twas built 544. ycers before theConfulatcof 
 C. Domitius Enobarbnt, and M. Camillas Scribonianus, who were Con* 
 fuls 624. yeers after the foundation of Rome, and that faenfice was 
 made in Terni 3 to the health of Liberty, and the Genius of the City, 
 
 to 
 
I Part I. 
 
 NAR NL 
 
 i to g&tificlibermsCafar, who then elevated himfelf from the feet of 
 \Seiamts: The faid IVgAmrdeduceth thus much from the Titleonthej 
 faidMarble.and in h:sAnnales of the Senate and People oiRowefeis it 
 down morediftindlly: we conclude from the whole that twas built 
 80. veers after Rome , under Kuma, and then obtained its title 
 of a Municipal City. The Territory of lertti through the fite,and 
 theufefullnefle of the fweet Water?,is at) of a fat foyl being expofed 
 to a benign Sun, which infomepait appclogizeth for what Pliny 
 faies, to wit, that the Meadows are mowed 4 times in a yeer, and 
 
 ! afterwards fed, befides that Turnips have there lately grown of 30. 
 
 'pound weight (whereof four makes an Affes Load ) and?// ny faies 
 40.pound weight. 
 
 NAKNI. 
 
 KEEping the Via Fhminiajjou arrive at Narm, placed on a rough 
 Hill oi difficult afcent,at the foot whereof runs the River Hera , 
 loai ing through the breakings of the Rocks, wherewith it encoun- 
 ters^ Livy and Stephano Gramatico , derive the name of the City from 
 that of the River,and7l/^r/w/in the 7th. book of his Epigrames de- / 
 fcribesit thus. 
 
 Narnia fulphureo i quamgurgite Candidas am /tis 
 Circuit aticipiti vix adeundajugo. 
 
 The fame Livy affirms, that the City was. firft called Nequino^ and 
 the Inhabitantsthence Nequinati 3 when fubdued by the Komanifiom 
 the paultry and wicked cuftomesof the People , but afterwards the 
 Roman Colony defpifing that name , called it Narni from the Rivers 
 name. 
 
 The Triumphs in the Campidoglio fet forth that the Neqtiinati were 
 confederate with the Sanniti, and with them overcome by M.Vetinus 
 the Conful, who therefor triumphed in the 454th. yeer of Rome and 
 then made a Colony as aforefaid. 
 
 Now the Cities form is long,and fair in Fabricks, and plentifully 
 fupplyed frcm its near Campagna^ though in the memory of our 
 Anceftors, and finceit hath been much turmoyled with troubles and 
 Warn. Without Narni over the River are wonderfull great Arches of 
 aBrid8e,which did conjoyn two high and precipitou'Mountains be. 
 tween which the River pafled,fome believe this Bridge was built by 
 Augujius with the fpoils oi the Siacambr/, and Trocopius affirms it, ad- 
 ding that more eminent Arches were never feen, the Reliques now 
 appearing demonftrate it thewoik of a flourilhing Empire, and 
 of exceffive expence, Martial tis fuppofed fpeaks herof in thefe 
 words. 
 
 Sedjam pane mihi 3 nee abutere Narnia guinto } 
 J\ rpehto liceatfic tibi poatefrui. 
 
 The (tones of this Bridge are cecmented with Iron and Lead, one 
 Arch now to be feen is 200. foot broad and 1 50. foot high, under 
 which tis faid is buried great Treafure. 
 
 Mm A 
 
 } 33 
 
'3+ I The Hiflory of IT A LT 9 Part 1, 1 
 
 Aftream is brought into the City which paffeth for 15. miles un-l 
 dermoft high Mountains, and fupplies three brafs fountains; there 
 is alfo a water of Narni called careftia or Famine, becaufe it never 
 appears but the yeer before fonie great famines it happened in Anno 
 1589. it yields alfo many healthfull waters. 
 
 Forty miles off Narni to go in the way to Ixcme is a Mountainous 
 fvock,th rough which the Way is cut with Chizels 30. foot deep and 
 15 broad 3 beyond which is pleafant way to Ottncoli a mile from 
 Tevere. 
 
 Paffing by the antiquities of the Via Flaminia and the vaft mines of 
 Oitricoli, you come to Ti?were,beholding by the way great Reliques of 
 jpublick ftru&ures, as Temples,Baths, Aquedud:.*, Confervatories 
 ! of water, a Theatre and Amphitheatre, which tefhfy the grandez- 
 )za and magnificence of that municipal City, while the Roman Em- 
 1 pire flourifhed. 
 
 Two infcriptionsof ftatues dedicate to the Father andDaughter 
 by the publick,make appear that they built thofe Baths at their own 
 expence, and then gave them to the publique, both which arein- 
 fcribed on Marble as followcth. 
 
 L.IulioL.F. Pal. 
 
 luliano. 
 
 lIII.Vir.Md. 
 
 III.IiJD. 
 
 I II I. Vir §)mn que 
 
 gttinqi 1 1 . Daft 
 
 Patrono 
 Mttnicipi 
 Plebs. Ob. Merita 
 
 L.D.D. D; 
 
 "Julia Lncilltt 
 L. jidii. Juliani. Fil 
 Patroni municipi 
 Cujus. Pater 
 Termas Ocricula- 
 nis a Sob. Et ruff as 
 Sua. recunia.Dona- 
 
 vit 
 Dec Aug. Plebs 
 
 L. D. D. D. 
 
 Whence you pafle by the Town Tevere near the ftone Bridge built by 
 Angujius , which Bridge was fo great , that with its ruines it turned 
 and hindred the courfe of the RJver^thence coafting the foot of the 
 Mountain Soratte, at night you lodge at Rignano* 
 
 Pope Clement the 8th. commanded ( imitating Augufttis") to his 
 great cofts and no lefs glory, this Bridge to be repaired; here termi- 
 nated the Burroughs of Rome in the time of theEmperour^«r?/M- 
 tius ; and we read that in former times Rome was 150. miles in cir- 
 cuit 5 and that while Conftantine reigned, the Walls and buildings 
 from Tevere to Rome were fo thick , that who was but feldome con- 
 verfant there took it for the City of Rome. The River being pafl: you 
 meet Borgheto i the City Caftellan t and Caprarola, and farther on is the 
 Bridge Milvioox Mole, where God fhewed to Conftantine a Crofs with 
 thefe words, InhocJtgnovinces ) with which encouragement Conftan. 
 tine fought and overcame Maxentius the Tyrant, by which Bridge 
 one paffeth the Tevere or Tiber^nd fo arrives to the Suburbs of Rome, 
 entringthe Porta Flaminia, now called Porta delPopolo. 
 
 LUG- 
 
Parti. LV CC A. 
 
 LVCCA. 
 
 THis City glories,in the univcrfal agreement of all Authors, that 
 tisone of the moil antient of Italy, and they that fpeakof its 
 latcft Original attribute^ to Lucchio L ucnmone Laerte of Tujcany, who 
 reigned 46. yeers after the foundation of Rome, from whom fome 
 fay it took its name Lucca, but fome others averr twas built long be- 
 fore that time , even by the Grecians before the deftru&ionof Troy. 
 It alwaies was forks ltrength and power of much confideration : 
 and that madeC. Cempronius after the overthrow he received from 
 Hannibal at Trebbia 3 and the lefle fortunate day fought before Fiacenza 
 to recover L ucca 3 with the remnant of his Army as to a place that 
 yeelded afecure retreat; and the valorous Narfete, who for the Em- 
 perour Juflinian, freed Italy of the Goths, could not have gained it 
 with his 7 Moneths tedious and mod rigorous fiege, had he not by a 
 certain wile and cunning perf waded or rather intreated theCitizens 
 to deliver their Gity of their own accord and with their own terms. 
 Its Seignors or Lords have fo well added to its former ftrecgth, that 
 no City in Italy comes near it, for it hath eleaven ftrong Bulworks in 
 lefTe than 3. miles circuit, and a vail wall, with works within,upon 
 which the Trees planted, the pleafant and fertile hills furroun- 
 ding it, and the ftately Palaces in the heart of it renders it a moft de- 
 lightfullCity* 
 
 Strabo reports the Romans often raifed there many foot Souldiers 
 and fomeHorfe, and GafperSardo writes that at the Naval fight be- 
 theChriftiansand&WMsew xnanuo liyy.Luccahzd feaven Galleys,un- 
 der the command of Nino delli obezi its Citizen, a valiant Captain, 
 who was alfo Lieutenant of thofeof the Church in the fame Fleet, 
 when they obtained immortal fame in that Victory, and in T^o^.the 
 Lucchefi colleagued with the Florentines againft the Fijioieji, and of 
 the 16000. foot andi 600. Horfe, thenintheArmy 3 theI«c^e/?had 
 ioooo. Foot, and 600. Horfe. 
 
 This City was beloved , and held in great efteem by theRomatts 
 conceding to it , the fo much coveted privilege of a municipal Ci- 
 ty, and making it a Colony. 
 
 We read in particular, that (at the needfull repairing of Rome)C. 
 C<ejar palTed a winter there with two hundred Senators, whereof 
 were Tompey and Crafus, who here com plotted and conftituted the 
 firft Triumvirate. Near the Ghurch of Saint Auguftine, are fome R.e- 
 liquesof a noble Temple dedicate to Saturn, with the foot- fteps of 
 an Amphitheatre, infallible teftimonies of itsGrandure. 
 
 In the time that Tufcany with the reft of Italy divided into 12 
 Governments was under the Longobardi , Lucca was the appointed 3 
 residence for the Regent of Tufcany, where (asfuch )DeJtderius 
 refided, when in anno 577. he was created King of the Longobardi. 
 Afterwards twas governed by Marquefes, who alfo refided there as 
 in the Metropolis of that Province , where the Marcheje Adalbtrto 
 dwelt with infinite Splendour, and fo nobly in *#»0 902. received 
 there Lewis the Emperour, that he admiring the Kingly magnificence 
 and greatnelTe wherein the Marchefe lived,faid to one or hislntimats, 
 that truly ( abftra&ing from the Title J he fa w not wherein the Mar. 
 
 Mm 2 chefe 
 
TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part 1. 
 
 Marquefs was inferiour to him. Among the, Mar quefes cf Tufcany, 
 Bonilf da Lucca for his great Riches , his own valour and merits, was 
 fo much renowned , that he obtained for his wife, Beatrice Daughter 
 of Corradns the Secondhand Sifter of Henry the third, whofe If- 
 fue LaConteJJ'a Matilda , in a fhort courfe of time , remained Heirefs 
 and Lady of this and many other CitUs of /*<*/?, and at her death be- 
 queathed the City Ferrarasnd that ftate which iscalled the Patrimo- 
 ny of Saint Titer tothe Roman Church,by her hit Will and Tefta- 
 ment, which is yet prefervedin Lucca. 
 
 Afterwards Lucca began to relifh the beloved fruits of itsantient 
 Liberty, and in the yeer 1288. obtained a confirmation of it from 
 the Eir.pcrour Rodolphus ) in which times being chitfly ruled by t he 
 Gttclfan Faftion, it was along time preferved in good amity, and 
 confederate with the Florentine Repiiblique. Whertiore in Annoi^oq.. 
 when the Flor e«fr'«eRepublique was much perplexed by the Facti- 
 ons Eiatichi } and Keri y the Luccheji were requdred by the Florentines to 
 aid them, in repreffing their tumultuous and confufed Government^ 
 and when abfolut? power was given to the Luccheji over all Florence, 
 from Lucca were fent fomeof themoft prudent Citizens , accompa- 
 nied with 9CC0. Souldiers,themoft part horfe." Who being fuddain. 
 ly arrived, fettled their guards up and down the City as they plea- 
 led, and as if the City Florence had been absolutely under their Do 
 minion: which done, they took in hand the government, and with 
 the entire Satisfaction of that Republique,in lixteen days, they qui- 
 eted the tumults and Factions , and efrablifhed the form of the Go- 
 vernment for the future. 
 
 Some time after the whichlwov* was governed byVgoccione and by 
 Cajiruccio its Citizen, an excellent Captain, who with his own Tin- 
 gle valour kept the neighbouring Common- weakh in continual fear 
 and fufpicion , and finally after it had undergon for feverall ycers 
 through adverfe fortune, the tyranny of divers Govemoursits tlfur- 
 pers; It reobtained for a certain fumof monyits former Liberty, 
 from Charts the 4th. which (except from the yeer 1400. to 1450. 
 when twas ufurped by TaoloGufmigi its Citizen) it hath ever fmce 
 enjoyed moft happily, and doth at prefent re joic« therein, and live 
 in great tranquillity yet under the protection of theCatholick King , 
 and with fuch fecurity , that thofeGentlemen to whom the Gover- 
 mentof the Republique is committed, neither watch at, nor take 
 care for any thing more than the publique good, and Union of all 
 its Citizens, the two principal and neceflary Foundations, tor the 
 maintenance of the Republique. Its adminiffration and Govern- 
 ment is an Oligarchy. 
 
 This City is replenifht with many good and Artfull Structures,and 
 a great number of Stately Churche^Among which Its Cathedral, de- 
 dicate to Saint Martin, retains the chief prerogative. This Church 
 hath been much adorned and favoured by the Popes,and flrft by A- 
 lexandea the feoond , who in the yeer of our Lord 1070. (as we read 
 in laronius) was pleated to take upon himfelf the pains to confecrate 
 it, then Vrban the Sixth in anno 1 382. there celebrated Mafs the night 
 of theNativity of our Lord, and honoured the chief Standard bea- 
 rer, with the reading the Epiffle by his order- TheBifbopand 
 Canons are endowed with great Privileges.' being allowed the ufe 
 
 of 
 
Parti. 
 
 L V C C A. 
 
 of the Archiepifcopal Ornaments, that is a Crofs and Pall : and the 
 Canons are faculted to bear the Priefts cope,and purple Sattin robes, 
 and the Mitre of white Sattin, More Cardinalium^nd the Bifhop is fo 
 great, that the Canons acknowledge no other Superiour but the 
 ApoftolickSea. 
 
 Among the many graces wherewith thisChurch is favoured by the 
 moft high God, fome may efpecially be considered •-, firftthat t«. 
 cvjwas thefirft City of Tufcany, that (asfr. Leandro and others re. 
 countjre ceived the light of the holy faith , which happened in the 
 44th. yeer oi our Salvation,by the means of Saint Paulino Antiocheno ) 
 the Difciple of Saint Peter , crowned a Martyr upon the hill S. Julia- 
 «<?,by Anozino Prefident in Pi/a. secondly,that in rhe time oi Charles 
 the Great, with moft fingular favour it obtained the holy Counte- 
 nance or Vifage,(fWf0 Santo') formed and placed miraculoufly by a 
 divine hand , on rhe venerable Statue of the Saviour of the Worl d : 
 framed by Nichodemm his Difciple, when he flood as 'twere bereaved 
 offenfeSj with confulting to form the head withfuch perfection as 
 might give honour to the Statue. 
 
 In it lie the bodies ois.Paolino^Rigoloznd. Frediano.lts principal Pro- 
 'teftors, with thofe of 33. othersaints, whereof 14. were Lucchefi, 
 In the yeer ? 588. was found here a Miraculous Image of ourLady, 
 through whofe mediation God hath here done wo^derfull graces to 
 the faithfull of divers Nations. It haih afforded Popes, Cardinals , 
 Lords, and famous Captains in great numbers with exquifite Sho* 
 lars: whereof one muft be mentioned, to wit Fryer Panigni , having 
 fogreat a renown through all parts of the world for his elaborate and 
 exaft Tranflation of the holy Scripture out of the Hebrew into the 
 Latin Tongue,whom we will fet alone though many others in feve- 
 ral Sciences, Qualities, and Honours migh b well remembred with 
 him. Many noble Families quitted this their Countrey , either to 
 avoid the plagues , or tyrannies of Ufurpers, and retreated to Venice 
 and Genoua, where fome of them are in that honour as to be admitted 
 Partners in the government of thofe States as if originally of thofe 
 Republiques. 
 
 The Territories of Lucca are fmall , but througkthe Induftryof 
 the Inhabitants,moft fertile and abounding in all thwgs, and fo well 
 peopled,that they haveeighteen thoufand Men enrolled in the Mi- 
 litia, befides thofe of the City.- In them lies thofe fo health, affor- 
 ding Bathes,celebrated by many Hiftorians and other writers , whi- 
 ther annually refort from all parts infinite infirm and Lame Perf ,„ sj 
 who for the moft part return comforted and recovered : In the way 
 whereunto they pafs two Bridges over the River Serchio, whofe Ar- 
 ches are fo large that they are wonderfull to the beholders: Andtis 
 certain all Europe cannot fhew two Bridges fo noble and fair. 
 
 Many other remarkable things might be infertcd of thi? moft no- 
 ble Gity and its State,but to avoid prolixity,and purfue the ftile be- 
 gun , the more curious are referred to the particular writers who 
 treat thereof moft copioufly. 
 
 Nn 
 
 GENOUA. 
 
i}8 
 
 The Hiflory of IT ALT, Part l.j 
 
 GENOVJ. 
 
 T His City is head of the Province Liguriafituate on the Sea (hore 
 at the foot of very high Mountains which though flerile by na- 
 ture by the Inhabitants induftryare become molt fertile and pro- 
 duce molt neccflaries befides thofe delights which ly on the South 
 part of it. Itsayris good, though fomewhat enclineing to hot 
 and dry tis built in part upon hills and in part upon a Plain or Level. 
 On the Maritine partWeftward , It hath a Port may well merit the 
 name of the moft importent of Italy. Itenjoyes theTreafureef 
 Liberty, and is governed in form of a Republique, all its Irate being 
 content with that form,knowing that to the obedient Life Honour 
 and Goods, under that government are in no hazard. It (tends be- 
 tween two Rivers the one on the Eaft 70. miles long, the other on 
 the Weft a 100. In the River on the Levant shout b. milch from the 
 City is the comely Town of MervijNh\ch plentifully Mores it wiih 
 Fruits andFlowers all the Winter.Tis Miftrefsand foleGovernefs of 
 the Ifland of Corjica, whence in time of fneed they can advance a good 
 quantity of Souldiers not inf eriour in Arms or Valour to any other 
 Nation. The People of Corfta moft willingly yeelding them Obe- 
 dience, for their prote&ion,and that cods them but a quarter of a 
 Crown annually for each fire , and feme other incenfible tax. Every 
 two yeers the Republique fends thither a Governourand the other 
 Lawgivers and Judges, who haviug finifhed their Offices 5 are arraign- 
 ed by twoGentlemen impowred thither to that effect, who without 
 any trouble to the fubjecr, do them juftice sgainftany Governour 
 or Judge at their own doors,who hath done them wrong.- Which rule 
 they alfo obferve through all other parts of their ftate- On allpart 
 of the City are infinite pleafant Gardens and Pall jcss beautified with 
 all that Art can add to them or Riches procure their Struftures being 
 allaModerna though fomewhat high in moft parts by reafon that the 
 City is but fmall, fo that they are neceffitated tonaake the beftuG? 
 of their Room which rendeis the (beets in moft places narrow and 
 in fome a little obfeure. Though one ftreet may be well termed the 
 Miftrefs of the World called Strada Nova, being fpatious, long,even , 
 and on each[fide embelliftied with moft ftately Marble Pallaces, the 
 faireft whereof belongs to the Duke of Oria. It hath a moft fpatious 
 Port in form of a Theatre compaffed in with noble Strucl:ures,which 
 though defended by a moft magnificent Mole ( judged thegreateft 
 in Chriftendome) yet is when the South and Southwell Winds blow 
 very tempeftuous. Oppofitetoitisar^wbearingaLanthern ((or 
 light to (hips in the night time)of an extraoadinary bignefs. Darftna 
 is a haven to it alfo, which is a fure retreat for Galleys and (hipping 
 at all feafons: The Galleys being there layed up in their feveral claf- 
 fis. For publickEd ifices it hath the Merchants Hall. The publick 
 Granaries the Dukes P allace with the Armory of 50000. Men. And 
 their Churches which though(in refped of others of Italyythty have 
 not fo much Beauty, that once feen they yeeld a Gufio to a fecond 
 view, yet for their polifht Marble and inward Ornaments, were they 
 placed any where but in Italy might well merit a larger Account. In 
 
 Saint 
 
Parti. 
 
 G EN V A. 
 
 Saint Lorenzo theCathedralChurch is (hewed to Perfons of quality an 
 Emerald of ineftible price: as alfo the fumptuous Chapel of San Gio 
 Edttijla, wherein they adore his Afhes. 
 
 Who delights to fee Pictures ofgreatMaifters muft repair to thePa- 
 laceof Prince D'Ora, reaching from the bottom ofthefhor e tothe 
 top of the Mountains,divided into three Gardens. In the firft where. 
 of theTerrafes andPorticues bore up one above another with Mai ble 
 Pillars, the Fountain of Eagles,and the Family or" Neptune are very 
 magnificent. On one fide of which is that famous Cage of Ironwork 
 of fo vaft extent, that it enclofeth a wood of Cypres and other 
 Trees: The other two are rilled with Grotts Orange Trees,and other 
 delights. And who is curious to fee Statues and Pictures, may repair 
 with fredome to the Pallaces of the Signori Giujiiniano, r.dlavicmo } 
 Horatio, Chiavari, zixd Giavan^Caclo Doriaj who have collections of 
 fuch Rarities of fo great valew,as is fcarce to be believed a Treafure 
 for a private Man. Two Stautes which Gmjiiniano hath for their in- 
 comparable and Price deferve particuler mention, to wit,an antient 
 Cupid of Maible fleeping,and an antique head with a body to it, 
 efteemed molt rare antiquities. 
 
 Religion fo flourifhes in Genoua , that they may ( with thanks to 
 God)fay that tis therein thehigth of Glory. 
 
 It contains about a hundred thoufand Souls more or lefs/ out of 
 which in all Ages have proceeded Eminent Sholars and Souldiers. 
 
 Which (hall end the relation here with this fhort Addition, that 
 whofoever for delight fees Genou^mutt repair thither in the begining 
 of Summer, who for profit or Merchandize may take their own con- 
 veniency . To take a perfect view,and a full profped of the City, in 
 a calm and ferene day you muft embark in a fmall Boat, and eloign 
 on the Sea the diftance of an ordinary Sight , where the City feems 
 fo to be united with the Burroughs,and both fo conjoyned afford fo 
 lairanObjecTr,asmuft beconfeft to be a moft beautifull and noble 
 Profpedtive. 
 
 And who would behold Genoua. from a high place, muft afcend 
 the Steeple of the Church of s. Benigm t and the Pharos where the 
 Lanthorn ftands. 
 
 In the Church of Saint John the Baptiji among its other Reliques, 
 they pretend to have the heads of Saint Lavrence 3 and Saint Sebafiian 
 the Martyr, the Arms of Saint Matthew and Saint Theodore the Martyr 
 and the right hand of Saint James the lefs,together with a certain vef- 
 felof Cakidonian ftone, beftowed on this Church by Pope Innocent 
 the 8th. which they fay to be the fame difh wherein the Daughter 
 of Herodias brought in the head of Saint John Baptiji to her Mother. 
 In the fame Church lies the body of S. Siri, or rather Sy«/ 3 the third 
 Bifhop of this City, under the high altar with this Epita ph. 
 
 H/V, recubat Sylusfacro baptifinate di&us, 
 Cujus terra levis Florida menbra premi. 
 
 wherewith this Book concludes, 
 
 the end of the firft Book. 
 
 I*P 
 
Part II. 
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 BEING 
 
 A Compendious DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF 
 
 ROME 
 
 THE 
 
 Miftrefs of the WORLD, with an Account 
 
 of all particulars therein worth Obfervation 
 
 as well Divine as Humane. 
 
 The Second PART. 
 
 Amm'unus Marcellinm in the 14*. Book of his Hiftory fpeaks 
 after this manner of R M E. 
 
 is not a little wonder that Virtue and Fortune( whom the 
 world conclude almoftat perpetual difcord) mould ac- 
 cord together in that inftant of time, when Rome for its 
 m agrandizing, had fo much need of their united force. By 
 which their conjoynedftrengths, Rome augmented her Empire to 
 that Greatnefs , that foe fubjugated the whole World. Tis worth 
 confideringthe Paralell between her and a Childe : Who in its firft 
 O Infancy 
 
 14.1 
 
1+1 
 
 The Hifiory of J 7" ALT, Part II. 
 
 Infancy creeps, when fhe began to be built and peopled : then it ac- 
 quires vigour & ftrengtbjfor Adolefcential Exercifes,fo fhe thenwar- 
 red only with her neighbours,but when arrived to more full ftrength 
 is employed in Manly difputes:So fhe when arived to be 300. yeers 
 old j and increafed both in vigour and People, began to pafs Mcun< 
 tains and Seas, purfuingWarr into thefartheft Countreys, where 
 fhe obtained and brought home innumerable Viftories and Tri- 
 umphs from the Barbarous and wilde Nations: In the end,having 
 made infinite noble Attempts, and acquired whatever upon Earth 
 through Valour was to be obtained(as twere arrived to mature Age) 
 fhe begun to acquiefce, whereby the better to enjoy thofe good be- 
 nefits and Advantages, which fhe had then provided for: Comit- 
 ting the Troubles of Government to the Emperors ( as to her Natu- 
 ral Child ren)for her better and more pleafing repofe: At which time 
 althcugh the People participated of that publique Eafe and Profit , 
 and the Souldiery moved not for her further advancement: yet fuch 
 was the Care of her Greatnefs „• that the Roman Majefty was no lefs 
 Reverenced than feared. 
 
 Virgil in praife oiRome wrote thefe Verfes. 
 
 Ipfe Lup£ fulvo vntricis tegmine Utus 
 Romulus, Ajfaraci quern fanguinis ilia Mater 
 Eduxit, genti Mavortia cendidit olim 
 M&nia • Romanofquejuo de nomine dixit. 
 Illius aufpiciis rerum pulcherrima Roma 
 Jmperium terris t animos aquavit olimpo t 
 Septemqueunajibimurocircumdedit Arces : 
 Felix prole virum: qualir Berecinthia Mater 
 Invehitur curru Thrygias turrit a per Tiroes, 
 Lata Deumpartu, centum complexa nepotes 
 Omnes c<elicolas t omnes fupera alta teuentes. 
 Hanc olim Indigitis. FauniJSHmphaquetenebant : 
 Genfque virum truncis , & duro robore n'ata t 
 g)u£ duo disje&is tenuerunt oppida muris : 
 Hanc Janus pater J)anc Saturnus condidit Vrbeta. 
 Janiculum Hitic, illi fuerat Satumia nomett. 
 
 And Owdfurnamed Nafo compofed tnefe aiRoms. 
 
 Crefcendo forma ntmutavitMartiaRoma-, 
 Appenini gen£,qua proxima Tibridis undis 
 Mole fub ingenti pofuit fundamina. rernm t 
 Quanta nee eft, necerit, necvifaprioribus antiis. 
 Hanc alii proceres per facula longapotentem, 
 Sed dominam rerum de Sanguine natusjuli 
 Effecit y quo 9 quum tellusfuit ufa^fruuntur 
 AEtherea fedes, aclumquefit exitus illi. 
 
 Who faith alfo in another place: 
 
 Hie nbi nunc Roma eft } olimfuit arduafylva 
 1*n toque res paucis pafcua bobns erat. 
 
 In 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 In another. 
 
 Centibus eji alns i tellus data limite cttto , 
 Romans jpatium eji urbit , & orbis idem. 
 
 Divers other teftimonies and Declarations of the Magnificence 
 of Rome were writ by Aufonius Claudianus , Rutilius Humantianus , 
 old Authors, andbyjf«k'» J Cejar Scaligcr , Faufius Sabeus a Brejcian, 
 and other modern writers, which for brevity fake are here omitted 
 but without comitting an unpardonable fault , we mult not leave 
 out thefe elegant verfes of Marcus Antonius Flantinius, viz. 
 
 Antiquum revocat decus 
 Divitm Roma down* , & caput Vrbium. 
 
 Vertex nobilis Imperl: 
 Mater magnanimum Roma ghiiritium. 
 
 Fortunata per Oppida 
 Cornufundit opes Copia divite^ 
 
 Virtutijuns eji ho»os y 
 Et legum timor, & prijca reditjides. 
 
 Nor thefe of M. Valerius Marti aits. 
 
 Terr arum Dea 9 gentiumque Roma, 
 
 Cui par eji nihil ', & nihil j'ecundum. 
 
 The praife ofRO ME written by StEFANO 
 FIGH10. 
 
 ROME the Glorious is replenifht with ftupendious Stru- 
 ctures, as wellpublique, appertaining to the Popes, as pri- 
 vate, belonging to Cardinals and Princes, who at this time frequent 
 that Gity. The Gardens behind the Vatican called Belvedere , from 
 their beauty and pleafantnefs, are no lefs eftimable : In which Pope 
 Sijius quartus, ere&ed a noble Palace without regard to his expence, 
 foe it might be excellently carved , painted, guilt, and embellifht 
 with rare figures,thereby to make it a Kingly Receptacle for enter- 
 tainment of fuch eminent Princes and Lords, as mould repair to 
 Rome : Before the Front of that Pallace where the Pope refides , is a 
 mod ftately Porticue compofed in the form of a Theater , raifed 
 fome fteps above the Earth, and garnifhed with many marble Sta- 
 tues .- and on the weftern part is another Porticue which ftands be- 
 tween the one and the other Palace , ( Bcheder being near the 
 Popes Palace) and will be when finifh't according to the defign, a 
 moft ftately Piece and of great value. 
 
 But of greater wonder are thofe footfteps and marks of old Rome 
 which feem rather the works of Gyants than of ordinary men : al- 
 
 Oo 2 though 
 
'♦+ 
 
 TheHiftory of J TALT, Part 1 1. 
 
 though(compared to what twas^much infcriour by the great fallings 
 and decayes of Towers, and Walls in divers places , where flood 
 formerly publique Edifices. Martial in moft elegant Verfe fcts the 
 Theater of Titos Vefpacian, before the feaven wonders of the World: 
 and not unworthily, fince to this day , it creates admiration in all 
 judicious Men, by its prodigious Structure. Who admires not the 
 Pantheon- or the Circalean, Dioclejian, and Conftantinian Baths, which 
 Fabricks are built with rare art, and fo great that they feemCa- 
 ftles and Towns : Or the vaft number of Arches, Triumphals,Col 
 lumns,Sculptures of whole Armies figured to the Life.* Pyramids,and 
 Obelisks, offo vaftbignefs, that who would tranfpor tone of them 
 mutt build a (hip large and ftrong enough to float and fail laden with 
 a Mountain. What (hall we fay of the great entire Statues, of the 
 Cajiori on Horfeback? of the great bodies of Rivers proirrateon the 
 ground ? of fo many brafs Statues and Vefiels capacious to bath in? 
 orof thofe Marble Tablets and Pillars with hundreds of other ex- 
 cellencies- Each of which are worthy of , and would fill up a parti- 
 cular volume if worthily defcribed. 
 
 The Gardens of Belvedere, contain fome Statues of white Marble 
 far bigger than the body of a Man, as of Apollo, of Hercules, of Ve- 
 nus, oi Mercury^ of the Genius of the Prince, thought by fome to 
 be of Anthony, of Adrian the Emperor, of a Nymph leaning near a 
 River, judged by fome to be cleopatra,znd of Laoeoon the Trojan with 
 his two Sons,enveloped in the twiftingsof the Serpents,a piecemuch 
 applauded by Tliny , cut out of one entire Stone, which that it might 
 receive as excelling fhapes, and forms as could be carved by induftry 
 or Art,Agefandro, polidoro, and A fenodoro , three rare Rodian Sculp- 
 tors applyed their joynt Induftry ,ftudy,& pains.- This curious Scul p- 
 ture,was preferved by miracle ofFortune,atthedeftruftion of thePa* 
 lace oiTitttsyefpafian theEmperour,as alfo of the River Teverejot Tyber 
 with the Wolte giving fuck to Romulus and Remus carved out of one 
 tire Stone, and likewife the great Nilus leaning on a Sphinx , on 
 the heigth whereof ftand fixteen Children, denoting the fixteen Cu- 
 bits of theincreafeof that River, obferved by the Mgyptians , and 
 every one of thofe Children is in fuch manner figured, that it ex- 
 cellently defcribes the effect, which at that rife and increafeit 
 wrought on the Land of JEgyptsa, for example, the fixteenth Child 
 is placed upon a fhoulder of the River, with a basket of flowers, 
 and fruits upon its head, and this Child fignifies that the increafe of 
 the River, to the fixteenth Cubit, enriches the, Earth to the 
 production of great plenty of Fruit and brings gladnefs to it. The 
 15th, fignifies that all is fecure and well , and the 14th. brings joy- 
 f ulnefs, but all the other increases under 14. are unhappy and mife- 
 rable as Tliny obferves in the ninth Chapter of his fifth Book of Na- 
 tural Hiftories; and moreover fome Creatures which are only pro- 
 per to that Countrey with its plants, called Calamo a Czncfiolo Cajfia 
 Mgyptian Bean,and Papiro called Papir Reed, whereof they were wont 
 to make great leaves to write on,& thereof was the fir ft paper made, 
 {s.thence as is fuppofed was that name borrowed which are no where 
 to be found out of JEgypt, no more than the Monfters to wit , Hippo- 
 t ami or the SeaHorfe, whofe Feet are like an Ox , back and mayn 
 likeaHorfe, tusks like a Boar, with a long winding t ay 1. ichneu 
 
 mom 
 
 • -TMiii i jm in 1 '" ■■ 
 
Part 11. 
 
 K M E. 
 
 l & 
 
 
 moni y the Indian or JEgyptian Ratt, whofe property is to creep into 
 the Crocodiles Mouth when he gapeth, to eat his Bowels and 
 fo kill him: Trochili, a Sea- foul friend to the Crocodil , fomewhat 
 like to a wagtail , ©r Sea Wood .cock .- lbidi the black ftoik , a Bird 
 in JEgypt, which hath ftiff Legg?, and a long Bill;, wherewith when 
 its lick , it adminiftreth it felf a Glifter of Sea Water, Sciachi, Land 
 Crocodiles.* Crocodrili , Sea Crocodiles , which can only move the 
 upper Jaw or Ghaps. And alio the pourtraits of the Terrojiti, a 
 generation o( Pigmies or dwarfs inceffant Men, perpetual Enemies 
 of the Crocodiles, whereof Vliny in the 25th. Chapter of his eighth 
 Book of Natural Hiftories treats at large, together with many o 
 ther lingular Statues in the faid gardens of Belvedere ^ which when 
 feen, thorowly examined, and underftood by intelligent Perfons, 
 yeeld them great delight and fat'isfadrion. 
 
 In the Bath of Pope Tins the 4th. is a work of great efleem , be- 
 ing an Ocean cut out of the fairefl: Marble. The Antients thought 
 the Ocean to be Prince of the Waters, and Father of all things, 
 a Friend to Prometheus 3 And that by means of the humidity and li- 
 quidnefs of the Waters, all things feem to generate from Seeds with 
 theaffifkmceof the Heavens.- therefore they believed that every 
 thing received Life from Water , with the favourable friendihip of 
 the temperat Genius of the Cadeftial Bodies . This figure hath the 
 Body covered with a thin vail, whereby they would lignifie, that 
 theSeafhrouds the Heavens with Clouds of its own vapours, mea- 
 ning by the Sea, the whole generation of waters, and they denote 
 the Earths being covered with plants by theHairs beard and ordina- 
 ry skinns beingall figured by the leaves of divers tender Plants. It 
 hath two horns placed upon the Forehead. Firft becaufe the Sea 
 provoked by the winds roars like a Bull ; and fecondly becaufe the 
 Sea is governed by the Moons motion, which they called Cortmta^ 
 jhirdly, becaufe the Sea is called Father of Fountains and Rivers, 
 wHch they figured Cornnti or horned. In its right hand is put the 
 Rudder of a Ship, in token that the Waters (by means of the Ships 
 being guided by thefe Rudders ) are furrowed as beft likes the Pi- 
 lot, of which Comodity they feigned Prometheus to be the Inven- 
 tor, they -have placed it upon a Maritine Movjier^o demonstrate that 
 the Sea is generator of many wonderfull Monfters .• One of which 
 to the purpofe is feen in Rome in the Antique marble fphere of Atlas 
 placed among the celeftial fignes, upon this very occafion.- Tis 
 faid that Andromada contending for beauty with the Nymphs of the 
 Sea, being overcome , was by them given to this Monfter, which 
 devoured her , out of whofe bodyf (lain on the fhore ofPcrfeus who 
 would have fa ved that Virgin) there ifTued fo much blood , that it 
 dyed the Sea red, whence that Sea was afterwards called Citreo or 
 the Red Sea, for all which the Citreo is not that gulfe, which is 
 vulgarly called the red Sea, but is that part of the Ocean affianced 
 to the Gulph, which wafhes Arabia on the South,but now to our re- 
 lation of Rome, 
 
 The firft and cheif part whereof to be vifited through devotion , 
 are the 7. principal Churches, and then the others in their order.- 
 wherein are preferved infinite reliques of Saints, and fome remarka- 
 ble Ones of the holy Jefus our Lord and Saviour as the the Towel 
 Pp of) 
 
i^6 
 
 Stapylton 
 
 The Hiflory of IT ALT, P art II. 
 
 of SantaVeronica with the effigies of Ghrift, the Speerof Longinm 
 wherewith he was run into the Bread. One of thofe Nayls,where» 
 with our Lord was nayled to the Grofs. One of thofe thirty pence , 
 which as the price of Treafon were given to Judas the Traitor by the 
 wicked Jews, all which you are obliged particularly to fearch out 
 as exceeding Angularities not elfewheretobefound. 
 
 Of ROME theOld, and K M E the New, 
 and of its admirable Excellencies, 
 
 ROME formerly the Emprefs of the World cannot be enough 
 praifed i Her power was fo great, her Riches fo immenfe, her 
 fubjefrs fo innumerable, her Territories and Dominions fo vaft .• 
 That well might Saint Hierome (in his three wifhes for intermixing 
 that concerning her with fo divine things J be pardonable, which 
 three wiflies were , To have feen our Saviour in the flefh , to have 
 heard Saint Taul preach, and to have feen Rome in her Glory : which 
 had fo fpread her felf over the whole Earth that a perfect Idea of her 
 cannot be comprehended, andmuft needs have been the happieft 
 fight that mortal eye could attain to. But when considered what (he 
 was, and how fince devoured by fire by the infatiable Nero, and how 
 pillaged facked and thoufands of mifchiefs done her by the Barba- 
 rous, at the decay of the Roman Empire; One may well wonder how 
 the new Rome , flionld be even emulous to exceed the Old: Being 
 at this day the Queen of Cities, the Flower of Italy, and as one may 
 fay an Epitome of the whole Earth. She is the Lodging for all Nati 
 ons.The theatre ofthebeft Ingenuities oftheWorld,the Habitation 
 ofvertue, ofEmpire,of dignity, of Fortune, The Native Countrey 
 of the Laws, and of all People derivatively, the Fountain of In- 
 ftru&ion , the Head of Religion , the Rule of Juftice , and finally 
 the Original of infinite bleffings, although the Hereticks,Enemies 
 of the truth, will not confefs it , as this Author is pleafed to term 
 thofe of the Reformed Religion. 
 
 A Better nor more concife defcription of the glory and deftrufti- 
 on of Rome the Old cannot be given than is in thefe two Verfes out of 
 an elegant Poet an Engliih Man. 
 
 Roma fait quondam Terra Jlegina Marifque, 
 At nunc nee Terras , nee Mare Roma regit. 
 
 The fame Poet likewife with noe lefs elegancy defcribes the 
 Grandeur and Eminency of Rome the New, under the Popes in thefe 
 two enfuing Verfes- 
 
 Roma fait quondam Terra Regina Marifque, 
 Nunc mare nunc Terras 3 amplius ilia regit. 
 
 Rome 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 Ktf/weisfcituateina Countrey fterile enough, and is fubje&to the 
 Sea, the Winds, and an obfcure thick Ayr. 
 
 The Circumference of Rome, when in her greateft fplendour was 
 fifty miles 3 but now (though not much infeiiour comparing her 
 Ecclefiafticks and her immediate poffeffions with her former Em- 
 pire ) (he exceeds not thirteen miles in circuit.- In thofedaysfhe 
 had twenty eight fpatious principal Streets , which yet may be tra- 
 ced out and their names with great certainty fet down, to wit. 
 
 Appia. 
 
 liberina. 
 
 Prcenejiina. 
 
 Quintia. 
 
 Flaminia. 
 
 Tiburtina. 
 
 Cornelia. 
 
 Collatina. 
 
 Solaria. 
 
 Amelia. 
 
 La Via 
 
 Latina. 
 
 Nomentana. 
 
 Cimina. 
 
 Valeria. 
 
 Tormenfe. 
 
 Laurent id. 
 
 Claudia. 
 
 Gallicana. 
 
 Emilia. 
 
 Labicana. 
 
 Campana. 
 
 Setina. 
 
 Ojiienfe. 
 
 Pretoriana. 
 
 Ardeatina. 
 
 Cajjia. 
 
 Janiculenje. 
 
 Trionfale. 
 
 With thefe were others of name, that is to fay L'alt a Sommitajap' 
 on the Monte C 'av alio , now called <$uirixale s near the Campo Jl/ajgio, 
 Via Lata, La Suburra near San Tietro in Vinculo. La Nova by the Bathes 
 of Antoniut^La Trionfale bear the Porta Vatic an a^ La Vittllia contiguous 
 with San Metro in Montorio. that is at the Gianiculo , La Deta in the 
 Campo Martio t La Fornicata near to the Flaminia. 
 
 The Antient and Famous Gates of 
 KOMEare 15. 
 
 LA Flaminia^ called now Tort a dclPopolo y the Gate of the People, 
 La Gabiofa, now difan Methodio. La Collatina, cow i'rinciana , La 
 Ferentina^ now Latina jLa guirinale , now called Agonia, LaCapena , 
 now diJanPaolofiWjiienfe^La JtburtinajaovJ (hut up. La Portuenfe.now 
 Porta Ripa VEsquilina now difan Lorenza, L'Aurelia i now difan Panera* 
 tio. La Nez//<*,now Porta Maggiore^La Fontinalefivv? Settimiana, La Ce- 
 limontana^nov/ di Sti Giovanni , La Vaticana t which lyes on the fhore 
 of the River Tevere. Tyber. 
 
 Moreover the Burroughs have thefe enfuing Gates, which were 
 latelier made than thofe above named •-, to wit , Porte di Cajiello, de 
 C av alii Leggier i y V Angelica^ laPertnfa s & difan Spirito , nowtheTri- 
 umfale, by which the Countrey Men were not permitted to en- 
 ter, m 
 
 The Hills comprehended within the Walls of Rome are ten viz* 
 
 ll C a pitolwo i or Tarpeio-, upon which were ftanding in the time of 
 
 Tarquin more than Sixty Temples , between great and fmall with 
 
 moft high Towers, twas compafledwithaWall, and then called 
 
 the dwelling of theGods. P p 2 // 
 
,^8~j TheHiftoryof ITALY, ~Part 1 1. 
 
 llPalatino, or Pallaz&o Maggiore-, all hollowed underneath 5 This 
 at prefent is rilled with gardens and the mines of oldftiu&ures, 
 where ftood formerly many noble Fabricks, asthePallaccof the 
 Emperors, the great houfe of Augujius , of Cicero, of Hortenfius t and 
 of Cataline , but now in lieu thereot is the ftately and fpatious Gar~ 
 den of the Farnezes. 
 
 L'-Aventino now called Santa Sabina , upon which was the firft 
 dwelling of the Ghriftian Popes. 
 
 il Celio, which rife where now ftands the Church Laterinenje, and 
 Santa Croce, of Jerufaleni, in the place of many fignal Temples of the 
 Gentiles, and fair Aquedufts. 
 
 VEsquelittOjV/htie ftands now Saint Pietro in Vincola:\n the ftead of 
 the houfes of Virgil ,of Proper tiw , and the gardens of of Mecenas. 
 
 llViminale^ where ftands now in lieu oft he old Houfe of Crajjus 3 
 The Churches 06 Santa Prudentia, and of San Lorenzo in Palef. 
 pern a. 
 
 Il guirinale, now called Monte Cavallo, where antiently flourifhed 
 the Palace and Gardens of Salnjiius and the Houfes of Catullus and 
 Aquilius. 
 
 Which faid feven Hills were thofe antient Hills in Rome, whence 
 (he was denominated Settigemina. Afterwards upon divers occasions 
 thefe following were added. 
 
 Il Colle de glihortHli % or Pincio, called vulgarly di Santa Trinita upon 
 which formerly ftood a Temple of the Sun: where now is that round 
 FaBrick,and deep well. 
 
 llVaticano % where now ftands the Church of Saint P/ef ™ and the 
 Pallace of the Pope. 
 
 llGianicolo, called Montorio , where the Churches of SanOnofric, 
 and Saint Pietro di Montorio now ftand 
 
 Il Tejiaceo, which is no other than great heaps of broken pieces of 
 potters Veffels, the Street and refidence of thofe Handicrafts Men 
 being there s they caft thofe broken pieces which were ofnoufe, 
 into that place which raifed this Hill, whichHill or heap rather of 
 broken VeiTels is near the Porta ojiienfe , and near it the famous Se- 
 pulcher of Cicero. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 IN R M E are above 300. Churches all much frequented, but of 
 1 them, feaven are more particularly vifited through devotion: To 
 wit, San Pietro nel Vaticano , San Paolo in the Via Ojiienfe , S. Maria 
 maggiore in the Via Efquilina , San Sebajiiano without the Gate Capena 
 or S. Sebajiiano , San Giovanni Later anenje in Monte Celio, Santa Croce. 
 in Hierujalent, in Monte Celio, San Lorenzo without the Porta Efquilina, 
 called San Lorenzo vulgarly. 
 
 Thefe five following Churches are beautifyed with noble Brafs 
 Gates San Pietro nelVaticano^ Santa Maria Rotonda 7 Santo Adriano anti- 
 ently the Temple of Saturn 9 Sauti Cofma^ and Damiane (formerly the 
 I Temple of Caftor and Pollux % and San Paolo in the Via Ojiienfe. 
 
 In Rome are five principle Ghurch yards or Burying places the firft 
 of which lies near Saint Agnefk^ the fecond near Saint Paucratio, the 
 j third by Saint Sebajiiano, the fourth by San Lorenzo t the fifth by 
 
 1 
 
Part II, 
 
 ROME* 
 
 San Prifcella, befides which and many other fmaller burying places 
 of fuch primitive Chriftians as were martyred or dyed ( to this day 
 held in great Veneration ) there are above twenty even now with- 
 out the City. 
 
 In it are many Hofpitalsfo well provided that poflibly they may 
 be reckoned the moft worthy objed: of the modern Excellencies in 
 Zfrwwe, whereof fome are Common for all Nations and all perfons as 
 L'HoJpitale di San Spirito in the Vatican : San Gioanni , Laterano , in 
 Monte Ctlio , San Ciacomo di Augufta i in Valle AJartia i Santa Maria della^ 
 Confolatione in Vclabro 9 and Santo Antonio } inEJqmlmo , into any of 
 which the infirm of all Countreys with great love and diligence are 
 received governed and taken care of for their perfect eafe and cure 
 of their difeafes. 
 
 The Hofpitals deputed to particular Nations are t hefe. The Hof- 
 pital of Santa Maria dell' An ni ma , for the German? and Flemings } San 
 Lodovico for the French : San Giacomoiot the Spaniards: Sanlomafo 
 for the EngliJJj : SanTietro for the Hungarians , Santa Brigida for the 
 Swedes San Giovanni,and San Andreafoi the Dutchman Giovanni Battifta 
 for the Florentines^ SanGiovanni Battifta near the Banks of the Tyber 
 for the Genovejes , inftituted and endowed by Media dujio Cicala, be- 
 fides many houfes both for poor and Orfanes^of which no particular 
 Catalogue is fet down, leaft filling the volume with the lefs confide 
 rable, we leave not fpace for the more obfervable things in Rome. 
 
 In the Popes Palace called the Vatican are the Libraries: The one 
 contains felecfed choice books alwaies fhut up. The other twofil- 
 led with Latin and Greek Books, written by the Pen in parchment, 
 are as much open: and free to any ftuden ts for two hours in the day, 
 which were furnifhed by Pope Nicholas the 5th. And now there is a 
 new one collected by Pope Sijius the 5th. The InfcriptionSjPi&ures 
 and Verfes of which were made publique by the judicious Pen of 
 Angelo Roccafitihop of Tagajia. 
 
 Some other Libraries in Romeare worthy notice, to wit, that of 
 Santa Maria del Topolo. Of Santa Maria Joprala Minerva. Of Santo AgO' 
 Jiino } ofVallicola, of Saint Andrea, and of the Jefuijh Colledge: be- 
 fides three others which at the fiege and facking of Rome : were rob* 
 bed or burnt. 
 
 The Popes Gardens, wherePerfons of Quality have free ingrefs 
 together with the houfesand Gardensof the Cardinals and other 
 noble Perfons of 2?0«*e yeeld ample folace and recreation to the Lo- 
 vers of Antiquity by their great varieties in thofe particulars. 
 
 Thcfe Pallaces omitting many others deferve a ferious and time- 
 ly vifit, to wit, that of the Family of the Confervadori nel Campi do- 
 glio, of the Majfini, of the Eufali, of the Rucellai ; of the Furnefi-, of 
 the Colonne the Mattei t Cevoli 3 and Borgheji, together with the Pallace 
 Latterenenfe royally repaired by Pope Sijius the 5th. 
 
 The City Rome was antiently divided into nineteen Prxcin&s or 
 Wards, whereof at prefent remain but thefe 14. de Monti ^dettaCo- 
 lannax, delTonte^ delArenula, dellaRogola^dellaVigna^delCaprtellodi 
 Tranfievere di ..... delCampo Martio^di Sant Eufiachio, di Sant Angelo, 
 delta Ripa^elBorgo, 
 
 The fix ftone Bridges built over the Tevere or Tyber, are thefe Von- 
 te Molle or Milvio, two miles diftant from the City , without the Por- 
 
 Qq *± 
 
 "47 
 
15© 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part 1 1. 
 
 ta del Popolo. Fonte Angelo or Elio antiently. PonteGianicukje built by 
 Pope Siflus. Tonte Saint Bartolemeo or Cojiio. Ponte Maria Fgittiaca, or 
 Palatino, and Ponte deiquatroCapi foimerly called Fabritio when al- 
 fo there was one more called Sublieio, whofe Pyles are yet to be feen 
 near the Aventine hills : and another called Triumfale whofe pyles 
 appear at San Spirito. 
 
 The Waters wherewith the City is fupplyedarethefe.'ZW^a 
 virgine which runs through the Campo M&rtio , the work of Pope Ni- 
 cholas the 5th. I'Alfietina reftored by Innocent the 8th. for the Vatican 
 La Salonia candufted at the coil of Pint the 4th. befides which many 
 others waters were conveyed by Gregory the 13th. by others in anti- 
 ent times. , 
 
 The Piazzaes in Rome are many but thofe of moft note at this day 
 are La Piazza Vaticana, La Navona , La Giudea and La Fiore . 
 
 The new Porticues,or open Galleries which are the chief, are 
 three^z. : That della Beneditticne : That in the Vatican Palace fron- 
 ting the Piazza and the Cerridore towards Belvedere. 
 
 The Piazza or market place for Fifth, ftands now Where in former 
 time it was. 
 
 That for the Hoggs, Oxen, Cows, Sheep, &c. where antiently 
 was the Foro Romano. 
 
 The Bakers have four Piazzaes, and conjoyned with them are the 
 Shambles: in the Piazza Novana, every Wednesday is held a great 
 Market. 
 
 The Hills are very little inhabited the mines ofold ftru&ureren- 
 dring the Ayr fo unwholfome,as to be only fit for Gardens or Vine- 
 yards, not dwelling Houfes. 
 Pope Siflus the 5th caufed many fair ftreets to be drawn by a Line. 
 The refiding Palace of thePope ftands contiguous with theChurch 
 of Saint Pietro s wherein are contained many ftupendious things, as 
 the Chapel of Pope Siflus, thePaulina, replenifht withtheexcellent 
 pictures of Michael Angelo , Bonarotaz Florentine, focompleat perfect 
 and exacl:, that twcre the glory of this age to find a modern Pain- 
 ter could approach then in art or Similitude. Befides which his 
 Holinefs hath Retreats for the Summer as one near 3 San Marco, ano- 
 ther near Santa Maria Maggiore, a third near the Font ana de Trevijbut 
 the moft favoured and therefore moft ordinary retirement is Monte 
 Cavallo, heretofore called guirinale. 
 
 The Palaces of the Cardinalsaredifperftup and down the City 
 as aforefaid- The houfes of the Citizens are not defpicable, either 
 in Structure, AntiquitieSjPi&ures and other noble HoufhouldftufT,or 
 Fountains.The Caftle Saint Angelopx Mole d'Adrianojs a fair &ftrong 
 Cittadel,alwaies furniflied with all warlike provifions, Herein they 
 folemnize great Feafts and Holy dayes three times in the yeer: with 
 the difcharging of all the great Guns,and Fireworks: To wit on the 
 Feftival day of- San Pietrodf Paolo, the fecond is celebrated annu- 
 ally on the day whereon the immediate Pope is fele&ed to the Pon. 
 tifical Chair , the third on the day the faid immediat Pope is crow- 
 ned : TheGuard of which Caftle is committed to fomePerfonof 
 Quality : who is underftood to have compleated his Charge and 
 Government at 7 yeers end .• and is then comonly rewarded with a 
 Cardinals Gap.or ibnie tboufands of Crowns. 
 
 The 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 in 
 
 The Aquedu&s of the old Romans with their conferves for waters 
 were many : but that of Acqua Claudia,was compofed with fo much 
 Arto and at fovaftexpence, that but only to repair and reftore it to 
 its antient formcoft five hundred and fixty Talents befides which 
 there was, V acqua Martia, Alefs andrina, Gi»lia y AuguJia,Sabbatina,^p- 
 pia, Traiana , Tepula , Aljietina, di Mercurio^ delta, Virgins, del* Aniens 
 theold,and Antonianc the new, and ot hers : together with infinite 
 Baths, as/e Anlianej leVariane, leTitiane, leGordiane, leNovatiane, 
 le Agrippineje Alexandrine,le M&nliane-, le Dioclefiane, le Decian?, & thofe 
 Bathes appropriate to Trajan,?hilip Adrian, Nero, Severus, Conjlantine, 
 Farms, Domitian and Probus with many others. 
 
 The Piazzaesalio in thofe days wtred\vers,nsta Romana, that of 
 the Pifiory. of Cdfar , of Nerva, of Trajan , of Augujiut, of Sahjius, 
 of Dioclejian, of Enobarbus. and the Efquilina, wijh thofe particular- 
 ly ufed for Herbs, Beafts,Fifh, Sheep, Hoggs,Bakers,forthe Coun- 
 trey market people, and the Tranjitoria. 
 
 The Triumphal Arches which are mofr famous follow, of 
 Romulus, of Claudius , of Titus Vefpafi an, of Conjiantinc, of Lucius , 
 Settimius Severus, of Domitian, of Trajan, of Fabianu^oi Gordianus 9 of 
 Galienus, of Tiberius, Iheodojius and Camillus. 
 
 The Amphitheatres named were thefe, that of StafKius Taurus, of 
 Claudius, and that of Titus Fefpafian, which was capacious, enough 
 for one hundred and fifty thoufand perfons. The Theatres thefe, 
 that of Scaurus, Pompejus, Marcellus, Balbus, and Caligula. 
 
 The Circi or Show places in Rome were IlMajJimo, VAgonio, ilFla- 
 minio \ that of Nero, and that of Alexandre. 
 
 The memorable Porticues or open Galleries Denomminations , 
 enfue , ll Pompeie, il Corinthio, della Concordia, del/a Libert a, di Au- 
 gujio, di Severo, di Panteo , di Metello, di Conjlantino, di g^ Catullo, del 
 Foroy diAugujioydiTrajano^iLwia, delcirco Majjino, diNettuno y di 
 guirino,di Mercurio,di Venere Cricina, diOttavio 3 'julia, and that cal- 
 led Tribunate Aurelio. 
 
 The famous Collumnes were, Lo Rojirata, la Lattaria, la Bellica , la 
 Mem a, thofe of Trajan, of C<efar, of Antonius pins, and thofe in the 
 Port i cue of Concordia. 
 
 The Fir amides thefe 4 one in the Circo maximo , one in the Campo 
 Martio,onc in the Maufeolo or rich Tombe of Augujtus^one of the Sun 
 of the Araceli, of the Moon, of the holy Trinity, of the Vatican , ot 
 Saint Petre, and of San Mauro, which flankes the Roman Col- 
 ledge. 
 
 I n Rome were three Coloffus,one of Nero, another of Apoilo,* third 
 of Mars and two other Pyramides one of C Celtius , another of Sci- 
 pio. 
 
 Alfo fome places called Naumachie-, appointed for Naval Fights,as 
 large as the circus Maximus, and were called of Domitian , Nero, and 
 Ctffar. The proud Fabricks named settezonii were two the one of 
 Severus % which Pope Sextus the 5th. caufed to be overwhelmed,the 
 other of Titus. 
 
 Some Horfes were erefted compofed of feveral Materials, as of 
 Marcus Aurelius, of Antoninus, in the Campidoglio of Domitianu* t of I. 
 Ferus,Tra)aMus, Cefar. Conftantinus-, of Fidia, and of Prafi 'telle, in the 
 i guirinale, or Monte Cavallo. 
 
 ■ • cLq a Jhe| 
 
The Hiflory of IT ALT, Part U. 
 
 The Names of fuch as have writ of the Famous things 
 in ROME. 
 
 T'Hefe following Authors have wrote of the City ROME. 
 P. VHtore wrote of the Parts of the City; Arifiides fofifta in 
 Greek an Oration in praifeof Romej but the more modern are Gi- 
 ujio Lipfto, l.ucio Fanno , Bartolameq Marliano, lately fet forth with 
 Prints Lodovico Demoncioji, in a Book int'ithd Gallus hofpes deZ>rbe, 
 printed at Rome : roggio a Florentine, Fabriccio J'arriano, Flavio Biondo , 
 Rafael Volaterrano, Franccfco, Albert ini, Rucellai^Sorliofiiacomo BoiJJar- 
 do t Mauro Andrea Fulvio, Rofno,Panuino, Vuolfango Lazio. 
 
 Of the modern ftate and greatnefs of Rome under the Pop?s Flavio, 
 Biondo ihomafo Bofio Eugubino, and ihomafo Stapletono an Fnglijh Man, 
 have at large difcourfed. 
 
 Of the feven Churches of Rome, Onofrio Panuino,(who wrote alfo 
 of the burying places jM. Attilio Serrano, and Tompeio Augonio the 
 Roman Library keeper in the vulgar Tongue, and of the other Chur- 
 ches Lorenzo schradero SaJJ'one in the fecond Book of his Memorials of 
 Italy. 
 
 Of the times and imprefles of the Confuls and EmpeioTS,CaJJiodor» 
 a Roman Senator, Marcellino i VettorTanunenfe, Gioanni Cujpiniano, 
 Carlo Sigonio Onofrio Panuino, Stefano Pighio, whofeHiftory is beauti- 
 fied with figures , and Vberto Golizio, who did the fame with the 
 Meddals. 
 
 Palling by the Antient Greek and Latine Authors. Thefe enfuing 
 have wrote the Hiftories of the Roman Emperours , viz. Plutarh^, 
 Dion, Hcrodian , Julianus C<efar, Ammianus , Lampridius, Spartianus , 
 Aurelius , Fi&oriHs >whh others who have been often reprinted. Alio 
 the Images of thofe Emperours were treated of and published by 
 Vberto ,Glotzio , Hiperbolita, Giacomo , Strada Mantoano, Sebajiiano, 
 Orizo, and others, moreover the Images of the faid Emperours and 
 their wives were ftamped in Copper by Levino Uulfio Gandavefe in 
 Spire . Furthermore the Lives of the Emperours were fet forth in 
 Verfe by Aufonio Borgidolenfe,Gia, Micillo, and Orjino Velio. 
 
 OftheColumnesofR.<?/#e, Pietro Giacone Alfonfo chianone and Pi- 
 etro Ga!kfino,the one of the Rojirata, or Pulpit bedecked with beaks 
 of Ships , in the Campidoglio ,the fecond of that of Trajan, the third 
 of that of Antoninus. 
 
 Of the Acquedu&s and Waters entring Rome , Sejio Julio Fronts 
 no, Aldus Manutius , and Giovanni Servilio of the Acqua Virgine wrote 
 Duca the Roman Legiji; Of the increafe and Augmentation of the Ty- 
 ber Lodovico Gomefio and Giacomo Cajiiglione. 
 
 OftheMagiftratesofr\o/»e, PamponeoLeto, Andrea DomitticoFla- 
 no whofe works are erroneoufly attributed to Fenejiela Carlo Sigonio 
 Giovanni Bofino in his feventh Book of the Roman Antiquities ,and 
 Giachimo Perionio of the Provinces Marian Scoto, and Guido 
 Pancirolo. 
 
 Of the Senate, AuloGellio 9 Giovanni ZamoJio 9 Great Ghanfellor of 
 Folonia , and Paul Manutius. 
 
 Of 
 
iPartll. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 ■ 5? 
 
 
 Of the Comitia, or Affemblies of the People for electing Officers , 
 Nicolo Grttcchio , Carlo Sigonio, and Giovanni Rojino in his 6th Book of 
 the Roman Antiquities. 
 
 Of the Judges, Valerius Maximm t in his 7th. Book and Giovanni 
 Rojino in his 7th. Book of the Antiquities of Rome. 
 
 Of the High Priefts. Andrea Dommico Flacco, YomponeoLeto, and 
 Rojino aforenamed . 
 
 Of the times of their Feftivals, and of their Games , ovidius Najo , 
 Lidiw Geraldus,Rofinus and jojephus Scaliger in his Bookie 'lemporum 
 emendatione. 
 
 Of the Tr/Y//»w,or Supping Parlours, or their Banquets and man- 
 ner of fitting at Table, PietroChiaconToletano, FulvioOr/inoaEoman: 
 Ramvjio, Dcqu<ejitis per Fpijiolam , and Andrea B actio, De vini Na~ 
 tura. 
 
 Of the fharp pointed Steeple erefted by Sixtur the $th. Fieiro An- 
 gelo Barba , Pietro Galejino, Michel Mercator f and Giovanni Servil. 0. 
 
 Of the Theatre, and Amphitheatres 'jujius Lipfius, andGiovanni 
 Servilio , in his firft Book of the vvonderfull works of theAn- 
 tient. 
 
 Of the Roman Militia,Volibius, Jujlus Lipjius, Giovanni Antonio Vale, 
 rinafiiovanni Servilio in 30. lib. Dc mirandis carlojigonio t and Giovan- 
 ni Rojino. 
 
 Of the Provinces Sextus Rujusm his Breviary} and carlo Sigonius 
 of the Colonies Sextus Julius Frontinus, Onojrio Fanuino,and Carlo S igo- 
 nio. 
 
 Of the Ciphers or Figures of the Antientfatcrius Frobus the Au- 
 thor of that tenth Book added to Valerius Maximus of the Roman fur* 
 name?, whereof alfo Sigonius hath vintj'anuinus and others. 
 
 Of the antiquity of the Edifices, and the ruinesof Rome, Carolus 
 Sigonius in his BookDe antiquojure Civium Rottianorum. Taulns Mi- 
 nutius, who wrote alfo of the Laws of Rome, as did Antonius Agojti- 
 mis aud others. 
 
 The Figures ofRomes Antiquities were tramped in Brafs by Anto 
 nio Salamanca and others. The Tablets in brafs likewife by Onojrio 
 Panuino and others .• The Statues in Rome, were publifhed by Giovan- 
 ni Giacomo Boiffardo and others. The Images of theillufrriousPer< 
 fons were taken fromtheMarble figures and printed by Achille statio, 
 a rortuguefe,andTheodoreGalleo t hy whom alfo were fet forth the live- 
 ly Vifages of the modern illuftrious Italians, as alfo of the nine lear- 
 ned Greeks, who being taken at Conjiantinople, firft brought the 
 Greek letters into Italy and afterwards conveyed the fams into Gallia 
 aud thofe parts beyond the Alpet. 
 
 The old Infcriptions on Marble and other ftones inK0/i»eand 
 elfewhere, were divulged by Fietro Appiano, MaritinoSmetio, Fulvio 
 Orfino and divers others. The Epitaphs onChriftians Tombs are 
 collected by Lorenzo Scradero a Saxon, and by chitreus in his Book of 
 delight in travails. 
 
 Of the Foman wonders Vbertus Glothzius hath wrote an ample 
 Book, which alfo comprehends the Infcriptions and meddalsof^* 
 pulia, and Sicilia,SebaJiiano Erizzo an d others. 
 
 The Lives of the Roman Chief Bifho ps and Popes were made pub- 
 lick by Bartholomeo, VlatinaPapiro. Maxone and others •• whom we 
 
 R. r muft 
 
!54 
 
 TheHiftoryoTfT^LT, Part 1 1. 
 
 muft net read without great circumfpeft ion Panuino hath Jikewife 
 prefentcd to common view all their Images taken by the life. 
 
 Of the Cardinals, their times, and appurtenances finofriusPanu- 
 inus Alfonjo chiaccone a Spaniard and others have wrote,and iheodorus 
 Gallrn in drivers, engraved the Images and Elegies of twelve Cardi- 
 nals. 
 
 Of the feaven Churches of ROME, which are mofl: 
 vifited, and more richly fraught with Indi- 
 gencies and Priviledges than the Reft. 
 
 THE Moddel of the Temples of Rome vary according to the 
 different times and humours of Men j iometimes building 
 them Round, without Collumnes^ without traverfing, and with- 
 out Cafements 3 leaving in the Covering an open hole or Cupola for 
 the light to enter in at. Ofthis fort is the Rotonda of Romefc Church 
 worthy confideration for the Architecture. Which fome times our 
 Anceftorsmadeinan Orbicular forme 3 but with rowes of Pillars 
 diverfly placed, as is San Stefanojn Monte Ceho } heretofore the Tem- 
 ple oijuno a and that of Cojianza or Confiantina in the Via nomentins, 
 without the Porta Viminalt , which tis thought was antiently the 
 Temple of Bacchus. Sometimes they ufed to build their Temples 
 Square, with oneor two Bankes or Pillars, as now appear S.Giovan- 
 ni Lateranenfe'm Monte Celio, San Paolo in the Via Ojiienfe^ Sant Agnefe 
 without the Walls. And other times they formed them by entreffing 
 or joyning the Pillars together at Top, near to which juft under the 
 Roof they fixed their littleCafements,wcb.were more or lefs accord, 
 ing to the proportion of the Structure : of which Sort are many in 
 R<?«*e,with flately Frontifpieces,fome of them being adorned with 
 Columns ofpretious and divers coloured Marble s and many others 
 whofe Pavement are wrought in figures with little pieces of Marble 
 alia. Moifaca. 
 
 The Firft of the Seaven principal Churches of R ME 
 called Santa Croce, mHlERVS ALEM. 
 
 THis Church is the firft and chief in devotion, feated in Monte 
 Celiojuobly built by Helena Mother of theEmperour Conjiantine 
 the Great: In it are 20. Collumnes, and two fair tombs of black,red, 
 and white Marble : the covering of the High Altar is fuftained 
 by 4 Marble Pillars. One infeription there to be read, fhewes that 
 the ground or earth ( the Foundation or Floor thereof) is the true 
 
 holy 
 
 , 
 
Part II. 
 
 RO M E. 
 
 holy Earth brought from Jerufalem. Tis believed this was the Ajy- 
 lum or San&uary in the life time of Romulus , and that lullms Hofldi- 
 us afterwards enlarged the City to the faid jfylum. Tis obfervable 
 that in the fame place,where Impunity for evil works was afforded 
 to Malefactors under the firft Founders of Rome? under the Chrifti- 
 Religionj Our Lord God is pleafed to grant remiffion of our 
 Sins. 
 
 In this Church is the Tombe of Pope j>c*W/£7 the 7th. with an 
 Epitaph in verfe ." and oiFrancefco guigonc a famous Sculptor.Mort 
 of this Church will be fpoken in the fecond dayes Journey. 
 
 The Second Church of the Saints , F ABJ- 
 ANO and SEBASTlANO. 
 
 l>"T"*His Church Hands in the Via Appia^ built with plain work in a 
 } J_ long form, the pavement Marble, contiguous with a fair Mo- 
 naltery now delerted. Herein were at firft repofed the Bodies of Sr. 
 Peter, and St. Paul. The High Altar is fuftained with four Marble 
 Pillars, andisraifed with Stone, as are moft Altars in Rome. Under 
 an Iron grate, lyes the Body of St. Stephen the Pope a Martyr, and of 
 46. other blefled Popes, with theReliquesof above 74 thoufand 
 Martyrs And for that this Church is fo far diftant. The Pope grants 
 that inftead of vifiring it in the extream hot weather , The People 
 fhould repair to Santa Maria delPopolo for their Indigencies. Of this 
 Church more will be faid in the voyage of the fecond day to the J /j 
 Appia. And of Santa Maria delPopolo , in the Catalogue of Chur- 
 ches. 
 
 The third Church named San GIOVANNI 
 delLATERANO. 
 
 THis may be called the Chief amongft the feaven principal 
 Churches , having been formerly the Abode of the Popes in 
 MonteCelio 3 and Sixtus the 5th. though in vain,reedified that Ponti- 
 fical Palace even from the very foundations, wherein was freqnent« 
 !y celebrated the famous fynod called Synodo Laferanenze in Rome. 
 The Roman Emperours ufed to receive the golden Crown in this 
 Church. Its pavement is wrought with lovely Marble, andlts 
 Roof richly carved and guilt. It hath many Reliques of Saints, as 
 the heads of St. Peter and St. Paul y the Veft of St. Stephen bloudy and 
 tome by thofe Stones caft at him , and divers other things worthy 
 veneration : Of which the Bulls of Pope Sixtns quartus^nd of Pope 
 Gregory cutt in Marble,affirm the Veritie. This Church was repai- 
 red in many places by Nicholas the 4th. in the yeer 1 29 1 , the tefti* 
 mony whereof yet remains in the Front. Tis reported, That its 
 Collumnes were tranfported by Vefpatian from Jerusalem to Rome.. 
 Rr a This 
 
156 
 
 The Hittory of It ALT, Part 11 
 
 This is one of the five Patriarchal Churches. 
 
 The Baptijlary is conjoyned to the faid Church, wherein Conjlan- 
 tine the Emperour was baptized by the Pope St. Sjlvejier. Into one 
 oftheChappds whereof dedicated to St. John Baptijl, noWcmanib 
 permitted to enter under pain of Excomunication,in memorial that 
 One Woman was caufe of the death of St. John Bapiifi 3 who firft 
 publifhed Baptifm. The Collumnes of Porphyr therein ftanding,be- 
 ing rubbed with ones hand, fmell as fweet as any Violet, they Were 
 brought from Pilates Houfe, together with one of its Gates, and the 
 Collumne whereon the Cock ffood , who by his thrice crowing put 
 St. Peter in mind of the words of our Saviour. In Saint John they 
 preferved the Ark of the old Teframent,the Rod of Aaron, the Lad- 
 der brought from the Palace of Pilate^ whereto Chrift was bound 
 whenwhipt with rods, the drops of whofe blood yet appear on it. 
 The ftone whereon the Jews Caftlots, with other notable things 9 
 particularly treated on by the Authors aforenamed. Thefe things 
 arepnblickly fhewed to Pilgrims, tbe Epitaphs of Pope Sylvejfer the 
 fecond, and of Antonio Car din ale i'orthogefe i are legible in verfe , as 
 alfo of Lorenzo Falle 3 a Canon of this Church who deceafed 50 yeers 
 old in Anno. 1465. In whofe commendation this Elogy was fett 
 up- 
 
 Laurens Valla jacet 3 Romans gloria lingua. 
 Primus enim docuit 3 qua decet arte loqui. 
 
 Here is the Porta Santa 3 which at the beginning of the yeer of Ju- 
 bilee the Popes ufe to fet open. In the Voyage of the fecond day o- 
 ther things will be mentioned of this Church. 
 
 The third Church named SAN LORENZO with- 
 out the PORTA ESQJMLINA. 
 
 IHis large Church is fuftained by 36 Marble Pillars, andcon- 
 nexed with it is the Monaftery of the Canon Regulars of St. 
 1 , which is called di fan Salvad ore. Here is one of thofe places 
 under ground ("as St. Sebaftiano)where'm are layed many of the bones 
 of Martyrs brought from the Cemeterio Ciriaco , and here are the Re* 
 liques of San Lorenzo, among which is the ftone, whereon that blef- 
 fed St. being taken ofFthe Gridiron was placed 9 and expired, which 
 ftone is covered with an Iron Grate. On the left fide of the high Al- 
 tar, ftands the Tombe of Fujiachius Nephew of Pope Innocent the 4th 
 whereon are carved fome fair ftatues, as 'twere actually endeavou- 
 ring to bring a Lambe to the Sacrifice. This was one of the five Pa- 
 triarchal Churches , and will be farther fpoken of in the Voyage of 
 
 the fecond day: 
 
 The 
 

 Part II. 
 
 ROM £. 
 
 m 
 
 
 US Si j £Ki 5£& ©& 
 
 IHHI 
 
 tf-.Tr* «^T> *»V- *iS"» C#r* *T*^» rV*- ( - IU. 
 
 The Fifth of the principal Churches called S A NT A 
 MARIA MAGGWREnel MONTE 
 
 ESQV1L1N0. 
 
 ' His in refpeci of the other Churches is frnall but polite , 312. 
 foot long, and 1 12. broad , [ts pavement is wrought with Fi- 
 gures in Molaicl^ work , and theRoof guilt- In it isone Altar of 
 Porphyr,and a Tomb of Porphyr wherein lies Giovanni Patricio, who 
 built this Church. In a Vault under ground is kept the Crib or Man- 
 ger wherein our Saviour was layed ac his Birth, often vifited , with 
 Mafles and Prayers, lor which end Sixtns quint us , there built a 
 glorious Chappel, deputing to it CJerkes, who ought there con ti- 
 nually to attend for divine Worlhip. 
 
 Here are engraven the works of Pope Pius the 5th. for the fervice 
 & propagation oftheChiiftian Religion, in perpetual remembrance 
 of lb good a Paftor: whofe Body he ordered alio fliould be put in an 
 honourable Tombe on the one fide,, and his own to be pkced en 1 he 
 other fide, when it fhonld pleafe the Lord to call him to himfek.On 
 the right fide of the high Altar lies the body of Pope h'icbofa/ the 
 4th. near whofe Tomb I rands an Image of the blefied Virgin pain- 
 ted by Saint Luke. Here alfo is the Sepulchre of SanGiroL me. And 
 here ly buried Alberto and Giovanni Normando. Platina who wrote 
 compleatly the lives of the Popes. LuccoGaurico a famous Mathe- 
 matician and Bilhop of Civita. Francefco Toledo a Jefuit. Zforje/chi dd 
 Santa Fiera and i Cefis, three Cardinals. Upon the Pillars are forne 
 antient Pictures otfuch as undertook the Argument fortheCatho- 
 lick Faith againfr the Hereticks (who condemned images)when that 
 point was difputed in the Councel. Before this Church Sixtus gum- 
 tus reared an Obelisk, which is the leaftofthefbur mRome, and is 
 without Hieroglypbickjxoltsps that before Saint Giovanni Laterano 
 hath. On the back part of this Church is erected a Marble Col- 
 lump, not fo great as neat,in memory of the Abfolution which Hen- 
 ry fourth King of France and Navarre, obtayned from Clement the 
 eighth in Ann. 1593. This was one of the five Patriarchall 
 Churches, and will be further treated of in the third dayes Jour- 
 ney. 
 
 Ss 
 
 The 
 
 ; 5? 
 
158 
 
 TheHiftory of I T ALT, PartU 
 
 
 The Sixth of the Principal Churche9,called SAN 
 PAOLO NELLAVIA 0ST1ENSE. 
 
 His is the faireft and biggeft Church of Romebelng 120 paces 
 long and 85 broad built by Conjlantine the great, & fuftained(as 
 may be faidj by a Grove of ftately Pillars. 
 
 Tis paved with Marble. Many Infcriptions are there placed and 
 publilhed by orhers. One moft remarkable is this. r. ?. p. r. r. iL 
 S. S. S. F. F. F. 
 
 The Venerable Eede being at that time moft learned was con ful- 
 ted and defired to refolve the fignification of thofe Letters , which 
 he thus explained. 
 
 Pater Patri£ Perfe&ut 
 Regnum Rom<e Ruit 
 Secum Sublata Sapicntia 
 Ferro } Flamma t Fame. 
 
 The High Altar is fupported by four Porphyr Pillars expofeingto 
 publique view the Image on the Crucifix, which fpake to St. Brigide 
 while (he prayed : as the Infcription declares, and the Bull verifies. 
 Here alfo are ftupendioufly exprefled in A/i?/^i^work,the Images of 
 Chrift, of Saint Peter, Saint Paul, and Saint Andrew, fo lively that 
 words feeui to iflue out of their mouths, together with all the In- 
 ftrumentsof the Paffion and death of our Saviour. This Church 
 was nobly reftored and beautified by Clement the 8th. an excellent 
 Pope: In the Brafen gates,are figured divers holy hirtories Greek and 
 Latin^From the infcriptions tisgathered,that thefe gates were placed 
 there, by Pantaleon , Conful in the time of Alexander the 4th, This 
 was one of the five Patriarchal Churches. In it are the Sepultures of 
 fome Popes, as of Giovanni who dyed in anno 1 47 2. and Pietro Leone 
 and the memorials of Julius the third Gregory the 13th. andclemeut 
 the 8 th. who opened the Porta Santa , in the yeer of Jubile. This 
 Church is at prefent governed by the Fryers of the Order of St. Be 
 wc^/fif.HereistheChappelof St. Paul in good part reftored by Alex, 
 andro F arnefe, a Cardinal in anno 1582. In the Veftry are many f\e» 
 liques of Saints,the Collumnes whereon St.Paul was decapitated,and 
 a itone wch.they ufually fattened to the Feet of the Martyrs for their 
 greater torment. In the Chapel of Porta Celine the reliques of 2303 
 Perfons martyred by Nero, whence at a fmall diftance is the Tre Fon~ 
 tanepx three Fountains, the place of Saint Pauls Martyrdome( fully 
 reftored and beautifyed by cleme nt the 8th. ) whofe head being cut 
 off, took three leaps, and at each Leap, a fpring arofe and ftill runs 
 with clear waters. 
 
 The I 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 159 
 
 The Scavcnth of the Principal Churches of R ME, 
 calledS. PIETRO in VATIC ANO. 
 
 FOR. Beaut* fumptuoufnefs , Artifice, and Worth; not only 
 Rome but the vHhole world yeelds this meritorioufly a preceden- 
 cy to all other Churches, efpecially in that part built in later times, 
 to which Sixtus the 5th. added a noble Cuplo, wherein are figured 
 the Celcftinl Hierarchy in pieces of Mofaick, that the beholders be^ 
 lieve them painted. And Gregory the 13th. as glorious a Chappel in 
 honour of Saint Crego.ie Nazianzene, wherein he was buried. With- 
 out doubt it is the moft perfect model of decent Magnificence in the 
 'World, there being an anfwerable uniformity within and without. 
 Andmay juftly be compared (if not faid to furpafs) theTempleof 
 Diana in Ephefus, formerly accounted one of the feat-en wonders of 
 the world: burnt by Herojirattts who by that horrid Aft fought rather 
 to perpetuate his name than to ly unremembred in his Grave. The 
 Old Church had 24 collumnes of fo various coloured Marble,as are 
 notmatchable , which were taken from the adjacent Sepulchre of 
 Adrian the Emperour, who was moft exquifite in all his works. 
 Thofe other Pillars in the Chappel of the holy Sacrament and thofe 
 that fupport the Volto &mto,that is the Towel of Veronica, with fome 
 others, were tranfported from Jerufalem into Italy by Titus Vefp.tjla- 
 nus and taken out of theTemple and Palace of Solomon , after that 
 the "jews were wholly overcome and their faid City deftroyed. The 
 top is all of fquares, L evati as they call it, like the Tantheon , in the 
 Center of the Church ftands the great Altar, all of folid Brafs , in 
 fuchtttupendious pillars thateach weighs 25000. pound and is of fo 
 incomparable workemanfhip that no Cathedral but St. Peters is fit to 
 entertain it. Herein is the Sepulchreof the Emperour Otho the fe» 
 cond, buried in anno 1 486. in porphirie .• A greater porphyre ft one 
 then this Italy affords not,except that of Santa Afatfa Rotonda theSe- 
 pulture of Theodorickjting of the Ofirogothes. This was one of the five 
 Patriarchal Churches, and the old part was built by the Emperour 
 Conftantine the great, who caufed it be fuftained by Pillars:But Pope 
 Julius the fecond \nanno 1507 was the Founder of the new part, 
 himfelflaying the firft ftone of the foundation with his own hands in 
 the prefence of thirty five Cadinals, Bramante, of Vrbin , was the 
 Inventor of the Model, which Michael Angelo, Bonarota the Floren- 
 tine s afterwards added to and corrected. 
 
 Antonio Fiorentino i by order of Eugeniut the ^th. made the gateof 
 Brafs, with the figures of Chrift , the bleffed Virgine, of Saint refer, 
 andst raid. In the holy week every yeer they (hew here the Vifage 
 of Chrift , called Volto Santo, imprefled on the Towel of Veronica. 
 There is one Figure of the Virgine M ary holding Chrift dead in her 
 lap the work of Michael Angeto, whofealfois that moft excellent 
 
 Ss 2 Pi&ure j 
 
i<5<) 
 
 The Hiftory c.f IT ALT, Part II. 
 
 Pidlure of un'iverfal Judgment , placed in the Popes Chappei. On 
 the Eaftern part of the Church hangs the Pinnace of St. Peter 
 in Mcfaick work by Giotto Fiorentino. In the Chorus ftands the 
 Tombe of Pope sixtut the fourth , all of Brafs , and on the top lies 
 his Figure repiefented ileeping, with Vertue on both fides, and 
 lound it the Sciences , that is Theologie^hWoio^hy^ and thehbera* 
 arts with his Infcription, The work of Antonms Palladius, m anno 
 148 2. Herein alfo befides thofe of the firft Martyrs Lyno, Clctoand o. 
 thers, are the graves and Tombs of many Popes to wit, of Innocent 
 the 8th. in Brafs. oiPms the lA.zSiennois&rius the 3 Son of a Sifter of 
 Pius the 7Qk Afarccl/fis the 2 who lived in the rontificacj but 2 2.dayes. 
 Julius the third, all without Infcriptions. Theft following have all 
 Epitaphs in verft: As Nicolas the 5th. Eugertiw the 4th. "Urban the 
 <5th. Adrian tfieift. Gregory the 4th. and 5th. loniface the 8th. rW 
 the 3d. whofe Brafs Tomb ftands in the new part. Innocent the 4th. 
 Vrban the 7th. Gregory the 13th. and 14th. and alfo Balbo the tnoft 
 learned in theGreek, and Cardinal dalla Porta. 
 
 Who defires more ample fatisfa&ion in the particulars of the 7 
 principal Churches of Rome, fhall find it in the diligent writings of 
 Onofrius Panuinus s and Attilms Serranus s in the Latin tongue, and of 
 PompioVgonio in the Italian. Let this compendious defcription, 
 content the curious in this ftudy here, who for more ligh tare refer- 
 red to the Authors above named, Now lets pafs to the other Chur- 
 ches and memorable places. 
 
 kCOffJl? 
 
 
 A Catalogue of the Churches of R M F, fet 
 down Alphabetically with the Epitaphs 
 moft worthy noting therein extant. 
 
 Q*Anto Adriano iftbribus F^m, was a Temple firft dedicated to Saturn 
 ^'inforo Romano^wea to Nerva the Emperour,and laftly toSt.Adrian 
 when Cardinal Gio Bellaioje paired it. 
 
 ^anto Agapeto near San Lorenzo. 
 
 Santa Agata a Church of the Gothes under the Viminale. Here 
 (land the Figures of Diana and of Peace ■> to whom! tis believed twas 
 dedicated. Before the Gate are figured certain Children with the 
 pretexta on,which was aGown edged about with purple filk,that the 
 Noble mens Children of Rome wore till of the age of feaven yeers, 
 who fit on feats as if at School. 
 
 In it likewife is the Tomb of Giovanni Lafcaro with two Greek 
 Epitaphs. 
 
 Santa Agnefe, in the Borgo de Tarione, or the Vianomentana^z Church 
 built with ftately ftones, beautifyed with 26 marble Collumnes and 
 adefcent of32 fteps. Near it flood formerly a Monaftery new fallen 
 
 to 
 
Partli. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 165 
 
 Santa Cojianza, in the Street Nomentana , This is conjectured to 
 have been a Temple of Bacchus^ for a Monument yet appearing of 
 Porphyr ftone. 
 
 SantiCojitto and Damiam, in the Via facra , fo called for that the 
 South-layers ufed to pafs that way;. This was formerly the Temple 
 of Romulus and Remus. In it are the Tombs of crcfcentius, andGru- 
 done PiJano 3 with the Epitaphs in verfe. 
 
 SattCojmo, under the Gianicolo. Antiendy the Temple dedicated 
 toFortune: 
 
 Santa Elizabetia in Par tone. 
 
 Santa Enfemia in Efquilie. 
 
 Santo Eujiacbio near the Rotonda } was formerly a Templeof the 
 good 
 
 SanFrancefcoat the Foot oiGianicolo^ Herein is the fepulchre of 
 Pandolfus Count of Angnillarie, who when 100. yeers old became a 
 Franciscan Fryer. 
 
 SanGregorio, in Velabro. 
 
 SanGregorio, at the head of the Tonic fabritio, and in MonteCelio t 
 formerly a Monaftery of the Germans and Flemings 3 but now i;f Fiy 
 a ' a Here ftood antiently thehufe of San Gregory the firft Pope, 
 
 ei9 
 
 and here they yet (hew the Table.whereat he dayly fed a great num- 
 ber of poor Perfons,as in his lite wrote by Giovani Diacone is let forth 
 & here lies Cardinal Lomelino zGenovefc Many Epitaphs of Florentines 
 are here fet up,and oiEdoardo Carno and Roberto Veramo two Englilh 
 Knights both Lawyers, who being driven out of their Countreyfor 
 defending the Gatholick Religion, came to Rome to finifh their days 
 in the peace of the Lord: As alfo of Antonio Valle of Barcelona, And cf 
 one Statins a Poet, who wrote with Virgil, as may be collected from 
 this Epitaph. 
 
 Statius hie Situt eji 3 juvtnem quern Ciprh J demit 
 Traeocem JEne<e carmine quod prenteret , 
 StatiOyStatio F. Dulcijs. 
 Chrijiophora M. Pientifs. P. 
 Vixit. Ann. XXXI 1 1. 
 
 San Girolamo, near the Corte Savella } here the Oratorians, a Religi« 
 ous Order, inftituted with great piety by Saint Philippus Neri H s a Flo. 
 re*f7>ePrieftinthe]aftage, who from this Oratory of St. uicrome 
 took their name , for that it was the place frequented by them for 
 their exercifes of Catechifing and preaching, whofe number is 
 greatly increafed by his Difciples 
 
 San Giacomo in Circo FlaminioiThis is an Hofpital for Spaniards^ vers 
 Epitaphs of which Nation are there inferibed, with the memorials 
 of BartolomeoCUevio the Cardinal, and of Bernardino, Bifhop of C«r- 
 dom. In it is the Pourtray of rielrociocconio, aPrieft of Toledo,who 
 had moit happy fuccefs to his labour in amending the Books of holy 
 and prophane writers Degli incur abili. ScojJ'a cavallo 
 
 San Giovanni Bat^fta in Monte Ctlio. San Giovanni Fvangelifia be- 
 fore the Porta Latin a, in Monte Celio , formerly a Temple of Diana, 
 San Giovanni Colivita in the ifola: fuppofed an antient Temple of 
 MfcuUpmsNelFonte in Monte Celio $ Net Laterano, one of thefeaven 
 principal Churches before fpoken of. In Dola , upon Monte celio. 
 Heiraglio before the Porta latina. Del Mercatdlo al Campi doglio 3 De Ma- 
 . , Tt lua 
 
14*4- 
 
 M 
 
 The Hifiory of IT ALT, Pare II. 
 
 iua in Tranjiavere. Delia Pigna in the high Street Vigna. 
 
 San Giovanni & Paulo ml Monto Celio , with two Lyons before the 
 Door. The one holding a Boy between his Teeth, and the other a 
 Man,in it is one Sepulchre of porphyr (tone. Here antiently was the 
 Curia Hojlilia. 
 
 San Giojejfo in the ftreet Vigna. 
 San Giuliano in the Ffqmlino. 
 
 Sanfjuo in the Campo Martio appertaining to the Biertoni. 
 San L or enzo near a Flfh Market, NelVimjnak. Hel Gianicolo\ anti- 
 ently a Temple ot Juno Lucina, here lyes Cardinal Francefco Gonza- 
 \ga. In lontc nclla Valle Ejquilina. In Miranda in the Foro Romano. In Pa* 
 Jijpirva on the hill Viminak , wherein is inferibed an Epitaph of Car- 
 : dinal Gvglietmo Sirkto, the moft quaint in the Greek language, here 
 ,'ftood the Palace of Decius the Emperour. In Damafo t in the Pigna : 
 where are ex pofed the Epitaphs of AnnibalCaro, the moft elegant 
 in the Tufcan language. Oi Giacomo tabiaot Parma. OiPietro Marfa. 
 OlGiuhoSadokto, Girolamo Ferraro and other llluftrious men. To 
 ' this Fabrick were brought the Marbles fculptures and other orna- 
 j ments of the Arco Gordiano. 
 
 San Leonardo in Carwe. \x\Olfeo.\nSepti folio. In Efquilino , and.?. 
 ^Leonardo Vecchio among the obfeure (hops, on the bankes ot the Ty- 
 ber in the Longara. 
 
 Santa Lucia-, in the Palace : heretofore the Temple of Apollo Pala- 
 tino Nelk Eotteghe oblcure. In old time the Temple of Hercules, and of 
 the Mufes. 
 
 SanLodovico near Novanna t the Church of the French Nation a- 
 dorned with the Epitaphs of the moft Noble Pcrfonsof France. 
 
 Santa Maria Egittiaca formerly the Temple ofFortuttavirilis^hexc- 
 inCasisfuppofed)then ftood the Eucca Veritatis, a marble ftatuefet 
 up by the Romans, for the tryal of Chaftity, with a wide mouth and 
 great lips: A daughter of Volateranus Regulus to prove her Virginity 
 unpol!«uted(beingaccufed for that crime) put her hand in its mouth 
 and withdrew it without hurt: another Damofel making the fame 
 | tryal, being unchaft, had her right hand bit offby the Statue. San- 
 ta Maria del animam rar tone, a ftately Church wherein the Germans , 
 and Flemings refide and affift the neceffitous Pilgrimes of thofe 
 Nations. In it is an Image of the Virgine Mary with thefeVer- 
 fes. 
 
 Partus^ integritas difcordes tempore longo 
 Virginis in gremio tcedera pacts habeut. 
 
 On the left hand of the great Altar ftands a Sepulchre of Adrian 
 the 4th. (made by Cardinal Eutcefora) who was the only perfon that 
 could fay he had created another Pope in his own life time. On the 
 right the coftly Tombe of Carlo Prince of ckves 9 who dyed in 
 the yeer of "jubilee 1575 the 13th. of February with the univerfal 
 forrow of all good men, but chiefly of GregoriFthe 13 th. Stephana 
 Pighio, wrote his life with that learned Book entitled Ercole Vrodicio 
 with the Epitaphs of Francefco Forefio, Giovanni Rofeto and other no- 
 ble and excellent men. 
 
 Santa Maria in Ar ace //, on the Capitolino, formerly a Temple of Ju- 
 piter 
 
PartIL 
 
 ROME* 
 
 to the ground, firftdeferted for the intemperate Ayr. In it was lav- 
 ed the body of St. Agnefe anno 114 J. Its Porticue was built by Car- 
 dinal "Julius Nephew oi S/xtus the 4thi Near this ftands a Church de- 
 dicated by Alexander the 4th. S. Cojianza Daughter of <- ovfiantine the 
 Emperour: Which was formerly dedicated to Bacchus, as iscolle&ed 
 from a Porpbyr Tomb yet remaining there, upon which are curved 
 certain Children treading of grapes. Its form is round 3 It hath 
 24 Marble Pillars, and is politely wrought alia Mofaica. 
 Sunt' Alberto nell'Efquillie. 
 
 S ant' 'Al ejfio nell'Aventinof. brmerly the Temple of Hercules a Con- 
 querour. In this Church is preferved the pair of Staier.*, tnder 
 which in his Fathers houfe. that Saint Jived unknown for foine time 
 In it likewife Vicenza Cardinal Gonzaga lies buried. 
 
 Sant'Ambrofto, of Mafwa'm Rome or the high ftreet oiSant'Angelo, 
 and another of the fame in Campo Marlio. 
 
 Sant'Anajtafia at the foot of Mount ralatine, in theStieetHtfw?// 
 la: This was a Temple off quejir/an Neptune , whom they alloffyled 
 Confciofox that they believed him a God knowing of fecrets. 
 
 Santo Anafiajio, in the ftreet Ardeatine, near to Ire Fontana the 
 three Fountains. 
 
 Santo Andrea dellacolonna, in the ftreet Treviodc Ania near the Pa- 
 lace of the Savelli.Dalla Tavenula between the hills Celio, and EjquiHno 
 Delle Fratte dalle Barche, on the Barks of the lyber: Degli Grji\ in the 
 Harenula. \\\Mon\ucna, at the foot of the Capitolino. In N^zureno 
 in the Harenula. In Paliura in the Falatwo. In Tortogallo. In 
 Statera, at the Foot of the Capitolino. In 7rar;Jlevere in the I'aticar.o, 
 in Piazzo Siena, which hath a rich Chapel of the Rufellai. Santo An. 
 gelonelForo Eovare'm the Fifh marker, heretofoiea Temple of Aler- 
 cury in Dioclejians hott Baths 5 was dedicated by Tins ihe4th. to the 
 bleffed Virgin and the Angels, near it is aCIoyfterforthe Cartkuji- 
 an Fryers fupported by ico. Pillars. In it lies buried the faid iius 
 the 4th. Bocca,Scorbellone: Francefco Alciato : and sintonetto Cardi- 
 nal S. Angelo t of Mozarella nel Monte Giordano. 
 
 Santa Anna, in the Flaminian Circe , and under the Viminale*_ 
 Sant'Antonioin Porto gallo-Di Padoua, in the Valle Martia. Nel Efqui- 
 linOf where at the feftival of Saint Anthony ,thcy drive all their Beafts 
 and Sheep up near to the Altar, that they may afterwards be pro- 
 tected againft the danger of Difeafes and Wolves. Near to it (lands 
 the Hofpital reftored by Pius the 4th. zMillanefe. 
 
 Santo Apollinare, formerly the Temple of Apollo, Julius the third 
 joyned to it the Colledge of the Germans. Near it ftood the houfe of 
 Marh^ Antony the triumvir. 
 
 Lifanti Apofioli XII. in Trivio, here refide the Fryers Conventuals of 
 Saint Francis: The Infcription on a Marble ftone alTuresus , twas 
 built by Conjiantine the Great, afterwards ruined by the Hereticks, 
 *nd then reftored by Pelagius and Giovanni the Popes. Wherein are 
 the Graves and Tombs of the great Cardinal Niceno BejJ'arionc, the 
 Tufculan Bifhop , and Conjiantinopolttan Patriark. Of Cardinal Pie- 
 troSavoneJe. Of Bartolomeo, Camcriero Bcneventano, the Divine and 
 Lawyer. Of Cornelius Mujjus Bifhop of Bittonto the Prince of Prea- 
 chers Lisanti Apofioli XI I. in the Vatican. 
 Santo Augufiino in Campo Martio a convent of the Aujlin Fryers, 
 
 T t 2 Herein 
 
 l6l 
 
i6i fhtH^ory^TTALY, Part II. 
 
 Herein lies the body of Santa Monica the Mother of Saint Anfii/t a 
 Father and Do&or of the Church with thefe Verfes. 
 
 Hie. Auguftinifan&am venerare parentent i 
 
 Potaquefer tumulo quojacet ilia facro. 
 Quo quondam gr at o, toti nunc Monica mundo 
 
 Succurrat, precibus prejiet opemquefuis. 
 
 This Saint Anfiin was Bifhop of Hippo in Alexandria, a man of a 
 molt profound wit, and learning, andofamoft holy and 1 religious 
 life. And thefe Aujiine Fryers obferve his inftitutes of life living in 
 comon, ferviDg God day and night, and are tyed by the vows of 
 poverty, Chaftity and Obedience. The Cardinals Burdegaknfe 
 and I erallo ly buried in this Church. 
 
 S anta Bibiana in Monte Aventino. Here flood the Baths of Anthony > t 
 and thePalaceof Licmius. 
 
 Santa Barbara in the high Street Pigna was formerly a Temple of 
 Venus in the Pompeyan Theatre. 
 
 San Bartclomeo of the Ifland in Tranfievere , was heretofore a Tem- 
 ple oi'jupiter , or as fome fay of JEfculapius . Now is there a Convent 
 of Franc/jeans called Zoccolantifiom their goiDg on wooden pattons 
 and an ancient Inscription in ftone to the God Senione Sancojitie alfo 
 lyes the body of Saint Bartholomew. 
 
 San Bajilio, in the Foro di NeyVa. 
 
 San Benedetto, in the Piazza Catinara^ and in the Piazza Maduma. 
 
 San Bernardo near the Pillar, and Baths of Trajan the Emperour. 
 
 San Biagio, in the Campo Martio , della Tinta, on the Bank of Tiber. 
 Here ftood the Temple of Neptune, wherein fuch as were delivered 
 from Shipwrack , ufed to hang up a Tablet with the ftory of their 
 danger and manner of deliverance painted and defcribed in it:Del! t 
 Anello in the Road Pigna della Fojja i as you come from the EfquiI&M t 
 delle Coltre in the Cam pi tello. 
 
 Santa Bjbianajn the Efquilie. 
 
 San Bonifacio in Aventino^t prefent called Sant'Alef/io. 
 
 Santa Brigide in the Street Harenula. 
 
 Santa Cecilia m Tranfievere For Nufis^ Ih this Church is the body 
 of this holy Virgin with many other bodies of Saints, honoured 
 With great devotion, and tranflatcd from Campo Mariro,by Cardinal 
 Paulo Emilio sfondrato Nephew of Gregory the 14th. 
 
 San Cefario in the Road di Ripa.. excellently repaii 
 tnent the 8th. 
 
 La Chiefade'CartufianitOrCarthufiant, which is called Santa Maria 
 delli Angeli. 
 
 Sania Catharina, in the Flantiniato c in , now delli Funari della Rota 
 and il Borgo Novo. 
 
 San Ceifcnear the Bridge, Cajlello in Banchi. 
 
 San Crifogonio m Tranfievere : wherein ft ands the Tomb and Epi- 
 taph of Girvlamo Alexandro a mofr learned Doftonand of David Vvi- 
 liano, or Evelyn an Englifh Oratour. 
 
 Santo element e in Monte Celio: here lies the body of Pope Clement 
 the Martyr, conveighed to Rome from Cher fin* a Grty of Fontus : as 
 as alfo of Cardinal Vincenfo Laureo. 
 
 Santa 
 
 Ripa., excellently repaired by Pope€/e 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 \6f 
 
 ) 
 
 Jupiter Ferenius, now a Convent of the Zoccolanti , or FranciJ cans , 
 In it are many antient Epitaphs •• and an Altar fupported by four 
 lovely Pillars, Tis the Church for the Senate and People of Rome 
 embellifhed with the ornaments of the Temple of jguiritttu: and is 
 afcended unto by one hundred twenty four (reps. 
 
 Santa Maria Aventina, on the hill Aventino formerly the Temple of 
 theDeabona, orgoodGoddefs. Here may be read the lamentation 
 of a woman (lain by her Husband. Santa Maria de' Cacabary in Pigna 
 Santa Maria in campofanto, in the Vally Vatic ano, wherein fome Epi- 
 taphs are legible. 
 
 Santa Maria ml Campidoglio, antiently the Temple of Jupiter Cap'v 
 tolinus Nella Capella beyond the Tevere or Tyber. [n Candelorio, in the 
 ftreet Saint Angelo^della concettione,the Conception,in Afonte Celio. NJ 
 Velabro, formerly a Temple of Hercules. In Dominica, on Mount 
 Celio 3 where were the Aquedu&s of Caracalla. Nel Efquilino , in circo 
 Flamimo,m times paft the Temple of ifis, In corte under the Qampi- 
 doglio Liberatione dell'injerno, fometime a Temple of Jupiter Mat or in 
 foro Romano. Di Loreto DelleFebre in old time the Temple o Mars , 
 pellaConfolatione and Delia Gratie , where formerly flood the Tem- 
 fple of Vefia. between the Capitolimm and Palatinnm, there the Vcjlal 
 Virgins guarded thefacred Fire , and the Palladium, which was s 
 woodden Image of Pillars with rouling Eyes, brought by jEneas 
 from Troy ( when fired ) into Italy with his other houfhold Gods,and 
 was by him fnatched out of the fired Temple. 
 
 SantaMariafopra Minerva fo called for that this was a Tern pie of 
 Minerva, at prefent the Fathers Dominicans pofTefs it,and a Colledge 
 for Theology founded by the Bifhop of Qutcha. In it are the Tombcs 
 and Epitaphs of Le<?theioth. and Paul the 4th. with many others 
 among which the Chief are oipietro Bembo, of Giovanni Morone who 
 was thirteen fcveral times Legatus a Latere for the Pope, andPrefi. 
 dent of the Councel of Trent, and of GtovanniTorrecremata, who be 
 queathed a large Revenue for mariage Portions for Virgins, which 
 are foleinnized yeerly in the Popes prefence on theFeftival of the 
 Anmciation, In it al fo are the afhes of Egidio F ofcari , Bifhop of Mo- 
 dem, who in the Councel of Trent was ftyled the Greater Light: Of 
 Sylvefter Aldobrandino, Father of Clement the 8th. of Giovanni a n- 
 nio, the Hiftorian and of many other eminent Fathers.- As alfothe 
 body of Santa Gatarina of Siena, and the Epitaph of GuglielmoDu- 
 rando, Bifhop of Numata, who compofed a Book entitled Rationale 
 Divinorum officiorum, with other volumes of the Law. 
 
 In the faid Temple was erefted the firft Fryery of the fan&ofacra- 
 mento by Tbomajo Stella a Preacher .• and Michael Angelo Buonarota was 
 the inventor of the Tabernacle for keeping the confecrated Eucha- 
 rift. Before the Door of the Church ftand the Tombes of Tomafo di 
 Vio, and Giovanni Badia Cardinals and of Paulo Manutio the Elegant, 
 who for all his Fame, ran the fame Fate with Pompey the Great, 
 who living filled the world with his glory, and dead no Epitaph nor j 
 memorial remains of him,but we find there this Epitaph of Raphael 
 Stantio a Painter of Vrbitt,ihough much lefs renowned than the pre* 
 ceding. 
 
 Uu 
 
 Hie 
 
I \66 
 
 "" The Hiftory of IT ALT, Part Il.| 
 
 Hicjttus eji Raphael timuit quojofphe vinci 
 Rerum magnaparens, & moriente-, mori. 
 T atria Romajuit, Gens Portia, nomen Julttr 
 Mars pueru/ft infiituit. Mors Juvenem rapmiti 
 
 Santa Maria de'Miracoli in Monte Gordiano Di Manteroxejn thcftreet 
 St. Enfiachio Di Montferrato the Church of the Catalonians, in Monti- 
 celli 9 in the Beremla Delia Navicella, in Monte Celio, Nova, in the Foro 
 Romano formerly a Temple of the Sun and Moon 9 now enjoyed by 
 the Monks of Mount Olivet. Annonciata the Golledge of the Jefuifts. 
 Delia Pace,the dwelling of the Canon Regulars,therein ftand a Tomb 
 of Marco Mufuroa Learned Candiot with this Epitaph. 
 
 Mufure, o manfureparum t proper ata tulifti 
 Prarnia, namquecito tradita, rapta ciio, 
 
 Antqnim Amiternus Marco Mufuro Cretenjijre&a 
 diligenti<e Gramatico t & rar<efelicitatis poet£,pojuit. 
 
 Here are the Tombs ofCapaferro, and Mignanello Cardinals, and 
 this Epitaph of "Julius Saturnus 
 
 Pair is er am quondam Jpes s &folamenJultts 
 Nunc Defiderinm mortuus & lacrime 
 
 Santa Maria delleP aline , in the Via Appia formerly a Temple of 
 Srf/«r»and Opes where they (hew a faphyr brought from Heaven by 
 the Angels , wherein the Virgines Image was cut as they fay by the 
 life in Heaven. 
 
 Santa Maria del Popolo near the Porta Flaminia , before which Pope 
 Sixtus the 5th. erected an Obelifk. Tis aConventoi the AufiineFryers 
 the Popes give licenfefor the People to pay their devotions here 
 while violent heats continue inftead of Saint Sebajiian which ftands a 
 good diftance without the Walls. In it are m any fair Chapels , and 
 Tombs of many Cardinals particularly oiHermolao Barbaro Patriark of 
 Aquileia with this Epitaph* 
 
 Barbariem Hermolaos Latio qui depulit omnem 
 Barb ar us hicjttus efi, vtraque lingua gemit 
 Vrbs Venetumvttam, mortem dedit inclyta Roma 
 Non potuit nafci clarius 3 atque mori. 
 
 On the ground this fad complaint of one that dyed upon an in- 
 confiderable hurt may be read 
 
 Hofpes dijce novum mortis genus ; improbafelis 
 DumtrahituTy cbgitmt mordet, &interto. 
 
 Santa Maria di Portogallo at the end of the Suburbs. In Puftmla. In 
 [publicolis, near the Palace of the Signoro Santa Croce. AlPrefepe. 
 Santa Maria Rotonda, fo called from its orbicular form. A Temple 
 
 for- 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 formerly dedicated to all the Gods, and to their Mother, and built 
 in a round figure, to the end the Gods might not fall out for prece- 
 dency of place, for that they feigned their Gods would not give 
 place to one another. Ihermes refuting it to Jupiter. Now this 
 Church is confecrated to thebleffed Virgin and all the Saints, Tis 
 amoft noble Fabrick, built by Vejpatianus Agrippa } who was three 
 times Conful, as by the Infcription appears. This by the moft skil 
 fuller/tea*/ in Architecture, and chiefly by Lodovicur Dotnontior ins , 
 inhisbookintitled: Galltts Hofpes inVrbe , is held for an /^Exam- 
 ple and Pattern of true Architecture : Tis of a crofs figure as broad 
 as high : the Roof was formerly covered with Sylver plates, but 
 Confiantine the Nephew of Heraclius , took them with the other or- 
 naments of the City away,inftead whereof Martin the 7 th, overlay- 
 edit with Lead.- It hath but one window, which is at the very top 
 and admits as much light as is necefTary .• in antienttime it had 7 
 ftepsof Afcent into it , now it hath eleven of defcent, agoodar- 
 gumentto what heighth this City is raifed by its mines. Its noble 
 Porticueisfuftained, by four great pillars, with beams and Gates 
 of Brafs. The Great Altar is oppofite to the Door. On the wall ap- 
 pears the head of the Mother of God. The afcent to the Top is by 
 100 fteps. Before the Church ftands a great Veflel ofNumidian Mar- 
 ble, fquare at top but bellyed like a Beehive.Near which were two 
 Lyons with Mgyptian Letters, and a round Veflel of the fame Mar- 
 ble. In it is the fubfequent Epitaph of TfldeoZacca.ro. a Painter, 
 contemporary with Raphael d'Vrbino -, the Prince of the Painters 
 of later Ages , who we formerly faid, lyes buried in Santa Maria fo- 
 pra Minerva. 
 
 Magna quod in magno timmit Raphaels per-gqtte 
 7had<eo in magno pertimuit genitrix. 
 
 Santa Maria Seala C<e\i t without the Porta Ojiienfe, where 1 oooo.'Per. 
 fons were Martyred : tis called Scala C<eli 9 becaufe St. Bernard there 
 praying for the Souls of the dead , had an appearance of a Ladder 
 from the Earth to heaven, upon which he law fome Souls afcend 
 into Paradife. Del Sole under Monte Tarpeio della strada near the Tor. 
 tico Corinthio^nd the Campidoglio now denominated Delnomedi Giefu 
 A noble Church built by Cardinal Alejfkndro Farnefe t forthejefu- 
 its , wherein himfelf is interred. In Tranjievere. Here in the time of 
 ^«g«/?#/gufhedout in a common Inn a fpring or fourceof Oyl,which 
 continued running for one whole day , prefaging that a fhort time 
 after Ghrift the fource and fountain of Mercy mould be born, Here 
 was a Church built in honour of the Virgin Maryby St. Feter, which 
 byfucceeding HighBifhops was adorned with excellent Piftures , 
 and enriched divers times with gold and filver and encreafed in 
 bignefs to what it now appears. In it are the Sepulchres of staniflao 
 Bifhop diVarnta who was that PolackCatdiml Prefect of the Triden* 
 #*e€ouncelandthefcourgeof the Hereticks. 
 
 OfCardinalC<M»pegg70, and Altemps a man of great Difpatch. 
 Tranfportina in Borgo in old time the Temple of Adrian the Emperour, 
 wherein St. Veter and St Tattl were fcourged.In Via Lata the Church of 
 the Fathers Servients 4 where under ground many Trophees and Tri- 
 ll u a um- 
 
168 
 
 TheHiftory of I T ALT, PaitU 
 
 N 
 
 O 
 
 uinphal Images have been found. In it lyes buried Cardinal Vitello- 
 tio Vitelli: Here St. Luke wrote the Ads of the Apoftles, Atta Apofto- 
 lorumi and this was the place where St. Paul prayed. DelTrivio, 
 which Church was reftored by Belifarito great Captain for Jufiinian 
 the Emperour,as appears by an inscription ton a ftone , here lyes Lu- 
 igi Comoro , and others, it appertains to the Padri Croicchieri, the 
 crutched Fryers. 
 
 Santa Maria in Vinea in the defcent from Monte Tarpeio. In Via deUe 
 Virginia amplifyed by Tietro Donato a Cardinal therein enterred, 
 wheiealCoSan rhtlippo Nerio, accounted one of the Saints of Pope 
 Gregory the 1 5 his Family 3 fetled his order of Oratories, which wasa 
 true School for well living. 
 
 Santa Maria Magdahna, in the ftree Colonna, Between the Hill 
 Santa Trinita, and the lyber. Nel $}uirinale ) where is a Monaftery of 
 NuD9 governed by the Predicatory , instituted by Maddalena Orjf- 
 na. 
 
 San Mauro in the mid ft of the Jefuits Colledge. - Near this Church 
 is an Obelisk which though fmal], appears glorious through the Hi- 
 erogliphicks carved on it, here lies Pietro Giglio a gret t Schollar who 
 dyed anno 1555 whofe Tombe Georgio Cardinal of Armignac caufed 
 to be built as to his familiar friend. 
 
 San Marcello nellaVia Lata, was a Temple of Ijis, in it are the Fryers 
 Servients, in it are buried the Cardinals Mercuric, Dandmo t and 
 Bonuccio. 
 
 San Marco , wherein lies Francefco Pifani a Venetian Cardinal. 
 San Martina of the Carmelites in Monte Efquilino, where Cardinal 
 Diomede Qaraffa is buried. 
 
 Santa Martina in the Foro Romano, antiently a Temple of MarsVl- 
 tor. 
 Santa Margarita at the Foot of the Efqttilino. 
 San Matteo in Efquilino, poffeffed now by the Anftin Fryer9,but for- 
 merly by the crutched Fryers , which Church is fuppofed to be the 
 houfeof their firft Founder Saint Cletw the firft Pope,for that tis fea- 
 ted in the sorgo Patritio, where he was born: which having confe 
 [crated he gave to his Difciples and Children for the fcrvice of 
 God. 
 
 San Michael in EorgOt 
 
 Santi Nereo & Archie loneat the Baths of ^»fi»»;"a/,formerly a Tem 
 pie of Ijis in the Via Appia. 
 
 SanNicobin A gone. In Archemoni. AcapoleCofe.Degli Arcioni. In 
 Car cere a Ripa formerly the publique prifon. In Calcaria near which 
 was the Portio Corinthio. 
 
 Sant'OnofriomGianicolo, where lyes Cardinal Madruccio, whody. 
 ed the day of his creation, Cardinal Lodovico Madruzzi , Nephew oft 
 the firft Cardinal Sega, a Bolonian, and Tafo the excellent Po- 
 et. 
 
 San Pancratio inGianicolo^hereia is a Pulpit of neat fair porphyr, 
 & underneath it are Grottos filled with the bodies of Martyrs:Herein 
 lies Cardinal Derfonefe , and near it was (lain Bourbon the enemy of 
 God. 
 San Pantaleone in Sebucca formerly a Temple dedicated to the God- 
 defs Te//»/,and to Pafquinut. 
 
 San 
 
 n«»i..i.,jiiii i ii.i'Hi'iiii 
 
 »» m — i ww -—• ^^ 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 San Paolo in Regola in the ftreet Harenula. 
 
 SanFhtro & Marcellino, heretofore the Temple of Quietus. 
 
 SanPietro incarcere. This was the 7»//w«e prifon, whereof Salufl 
 makes mention in Catalines confpiracy. Diodate in the Via Piamenje 
 Montorio in the Gianicolo : A fair Church and well adorned 3 wherein 
 is the fair Chapel of Bradamante, endowed by Ferdinand King of 
 Spain,neai it ftands a Convent of Obfervants of Saint Francis Order 
 of this fociety died anno 1597 Fryer Angelo a learned Spaniard t who 
 wrote a great Volume upon the Symbol or Creed of the twelve A- 
 poftles. In it are feveral pieces of Raphael d'Vrbino i and Scbafi/a- 
 noVenetianoy two famous Painters , and feveral Tombs. SanPietro 
 Domine quo vadif,m the Via appia Rotonda , this Churc h was fo called 
 becaufe Saint refer, flying perfecution, Chrifr appeared to him, of 
 whom Saint Peter demanded whit her he was going in thefe words 
 Domine quovadis? to whom Chrifi anfwered I am going to Rome,ihat 
 I may there be once more crucified/ from which words St. Peter 
 took courage, and returned to Rome, where h e was afterwards cru- 
 cified, and his headfet on high. S. Fietro in vinculax, where the 
 Chains wherewith Saint Peter was bound in Jerufalem and in Rome, 
 are fanctimonioufly preferved 3 as aho the Bodies of the Mace'ahei and 
 a part of the Crofs of Sant Andrea, whofe head is kept iu San Pietro 
 in the Vatican, being fent by an Emperour of Constantinople to the 
 Pope, and the reft of his Body is in the Kingdom of Naples : This 
 Church hath one ftupendious Altar .- andbrafen Doors, wherein 
 the paffions of Saint refer are excellently reprefented / Under the 
 Sepulchre of Pope Giulio the fecond lies a moft fair ftatue of Moyfes 
 the Captain of the Hebrews, the workmanfhipof Michael Angelo,o£ 
 Florence. Many other memorable things are (hewed in this Church. 
 In the Convent is a Palme tree which alone in Rome produceth fea- 
 fonableand ripe Fruit : Here lies buried the Cardinals Nicolo Cttfano, 
 Sadoleto, and Rovero, the walls prefent fo Tie infer prions of the old 
 Gentiles. Some other things will be related of thi s Church in the 
 third dayes Journey. 
 
 San Peregrina alia porta pertura, whence that Bttrge takes name. 
 Santa Projjede in the Efquilino built by Pope Pajquale the 1 ft. where- 
 in ftands the Pillar to which our Saviour was bound when fcourged, 
 conveighedfrom theEaftern parts by Cardinal Giovanni Colonna:and 
 here Saint Peter dwelt. At the Altar are fix Pillars of Porphyr 
 and two of black Marble with white fpots. In it are man y bodies of 
 Saints repofed , and in themidft is a hollow with a grate over it , 
 wherein Prafcede fqueazed the blood of the Martyrs, which he had 
 fucked up with fpunges in divers places •• About 400. yeers agoe 
 the Monks of ValleVmbrofa refidedhere. 
 
 Santa Prifca in Monte Aventino , antiently a Temple dedicated to 
 Hercules. 
 
 Santa Prudentiana in the Viminale : here they (hew that ftone upon 
 which the bloudy Hoft appeared, while a Prieft mifdoubted the ho« 
 ly Sacrament at the Altar. This is the moft antient Church of Rome 
 and faid to be the place where Saint Peter celebrated Mafs : here ly 
 the bodies of 3000. Martyrs and a venerable Vefiel for their blood. 
 The penitentiary Dominicans inhabite there.- and the Monks of Saint 
 Bernard. Cardinal Gaetano a noble Roman, who built a (lately Chapel 
 
 Xx in 
 
170 
 
 CL 
 
 R 
 
 The Hiflory of IT ALT, Part Il.j 
 
 in it , and Cardinal Radzivil Limano ( a good patriot of the Catho- | 
 lick Religion though born of Heretick parents ) ly buried 
 there. 
 
 Santi g)uaranta Martini , commended by Saint Bajfilia in a fer- 
 mon. 
 Santi guatro Coronati in Monte Celio. 
 Santi guirico & Giulita in the Suburbs. 
 San Rocco nella Martia. 
 
 S. Rufina beyond the Tyber, and at Saint Giovanni Laterano. 
 Santa Sabina in Monte Aventino 3 the firft Refidence of the Popes, is 
 now of the Dominican Fryers: here they (hew the ftone which the 
 Devil in vain caft at Saint Dominic^ with intention tokill him, be- 
 fore the Door of this Church Hands the greateft Urn of one ftone in 
 Rome. Here they keep the Reliques of Pope Alexander of guentius 
 and Theodulus the Martyrs: Of Sabina and Serojfia the Virgin all Mar- 
 tyred under Adrian the Emperour anno Chnjli 1 33 .and here layed up 
 by Engenius the 4th. anno 822. who is likewife enterred here with 
 an Epitaph in heroick verfe , as are the Cardinals hart ano and Tiano, 
 Here grows yet a Pomgranat tree planted bySaint Dominick^vihh the 
 affiftanceof San Giacinto, which the Romans through devotion de- 
 fpoil of all Leaves and Fruit the firftday or Lent 5 thePope and Pre- 
 lates coveting of its Leaves which they wear. Here Saint Dominic^ 
 gave the firft Rife to his Order, and vefted San Giacinio in his Reli« 
 gious Orderand habite, where he had many Virions of Angels. 
 
 Santo Sabba Abbate in Aventinoj where arifeth a Irately great Se- 
 pulchre,believed to be of Titus Vejpafian. 
 
 San Salvador e del Campo in the Strada Giulia , Di Lauranein Monte 
 Melie Di Copelle in the PrecincT: Colonna del Lauro , near Monte Giordi- 
 #0,which belongs to the noble Family Orjini, who with the Maltei ly 
 there buried. Dal Portico under the Rupe Tarpeia. In Majjime 3 a Tem- 
 ple firft dedicated to Jove,Minerva, and Junoly M. Pulvilius Statefa. 
 dedicated to Saturn in the Campi doglio,Delle Stufe Delia Pietra,a Tern. 
 pie of the Goddefs Piety in old time. De Pedemonte. Delletrelma- 
 \gini, 
 
 San Svirito in Vaticano bey ond Tiber, where ftands that rich Hofpi- 
 tal fo worthy confideration where Cardinal Remnano Francesco is en- 
 terred. 
 
 San Sebajiiano and Fabiano: of which is faid in the defcription of the 7 
 principal Churches. 
 
 San Sergio & Bacco in the Campidoglio formerly a Temple of Con- 
 cord. 
 
 San Simeone in the high ftreet Ponte • 
 
 San sijio in the Pifcina inferna of old Te mple of Vertue and Ho- 
 nour. Herein Saint Dominick_ raifed a defuncf, named Napuleone from 
 the dead.- and wrote many other miracles: Here the firft Nuns con- 
 gregated, from a general feparation over Rome: but they were tran- 
 flated into a more falubrious Ayr. It being extream nau feous. 
 San StaniJIao, A Church of the Polanders. 
 
 San Stepbano of the Hungarians. Rot ondo in Monte Celio, formerly a 
 Temple of Faunus,but now a Colledge of the German t^ound which 
 is drawd theTriumphes of the holy Martyres 3 Nelforo Boario.A tem- 
 ple of the Goddefs Vejia, In Via Giulia. In Silice, Dell frnllonear the 
 Porticue of Anthony. San_ 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 171 
 
 Santa Sufannajn Monte gtftirinale :where ftands a fair Brafen Ciftern 
 and Vcffel filled with holy water. 
 
 SanSilvejiro in Colonna A Santiquaro. Nel ^uirinale dedicated by 
 element the 7th. anno 1524: wherein the Cardinals Rebibj^ Antonio 
 Caraffa, and Francesco Cornaro ly buried. Beyond the Tyber near the 
 Arch ofDomitian. 
 
 San Tomafa in Monte Celio net Krone Harenttla, nella Via Julia ia Tart- 
 one. 
 
 San Theodoro at the foot of Monte Palatino antiently the Temple of 
 Romulus and Remus or as others fay of Pan and Bacchus, 
 
 Santa Trinita de monti 3 built by Lewis the i 1 th. King of France by 
 the Council of Saint Francis 9 appertains to the Minimes who are 
 near all French. In it are buried Rodolfrrio: CraJJo and hellay Cardi- 
 nals : Lueretia della Rovere Niece to Giulius thefecond, znd Ma rco 
 Moreto a moft eloquent Oratour with this Epitaph. 
 
 Hie Marci caros cineres Roma inclyta fcrvat 
 
 guospatria optajjet Gallia haberejinu. 
 Statcolle hortorum tumulus. jl it proximus ajiris. 
 
 §U£ propiuspuro contigitille ammo. 
 Tufacros larices lacrimirafperge Viator. 
 
 Et die, hen lingua hicfulminafracra jacent: 
 
 Santa Trinita of the Englijh. This is a Colledgeof Englifi Catho 
 Iicks 5 whence divers have been tranfmitted into England, who were 
 there martyred by the ( ut aiunt^ ) Hereticks. Herein lies Cardinal 
 Allen who took a voluntary banilhment from his own Countrey :and 
 employed the reft of his days in great Labour and pains in defence 
 of the Catholick Faith. 
 
 SanTrifone near Sant Agojiino. 
 
 San Valentino in the Circo Flaminio. 
 
 San Vitale in the guirinale, lately repaired and now governed by 
 thejefuits. 
 
 San Vito nel Riono del Ponte wherein lyes carlo Vifconte a Cardi- 
 nal. 
 
 The Officers of the Popes Palace, 
 
 He Popes Court exceeding that of any other Chriftian Prince 
 v his Officers alfo be many. Which is governed with fuch Order . 
 That not only the meaner perfons but alfo the Cardinals (whofe 
 dignity is equal to that of Kings)travel not forth the City without 
 licenfe firft obtained. 
 
 The number of Cardinals is notprxfixt, but left to the will of 
 the Pope: forty of them at leaft, being alwaies obliged to refidein 
 Rome : where alfo many Arch Bifhops and Bifhopsareconfrantly 
 prefent. 
 
 Xx a 
 
 In 
 
TheHittory of IT ALT, Part 1 1 
 
 fuitrtfc „**, «*£* oTrt *A». *ifr* *fi* *S* *w* a. *oj* <w> *tfr» < 
 
 C&3 • 
 
 In the Popes family are the perfons under written. 
 
 AVditori di rota, 
 chierici di Camera. 
 Auditor di Camera. 
 ComiJJ'ario di Camera. 
 Maejiro delfacro Fallazzo. 
 Comijjario Generate del [onto Offi- 
 cio. 
 Reggente del Cancellaria. 
 Protonotorii Apofiolici. 
 Subdiaconi. 
 Accoliti. 
 
 Secretarii Apofiolici. 
 Gorrettodi Cancellaria. 
 Snmmifia. 
 De Confueti. 
 Abbreviatori minori. 
 Cufio di de Cancellaria. 
 Secretorio delle Cedole. 
 Hojiiario di Cancellaria. 
 
 Scritttori Apofiolici. 
 Camierieri Apofiolici. 
 
 Scudieri Vivandieri Apofio- 
 lici. 
 Cav alien di St. Fietro. 
 CavalieridiSt. Paulo. 
 Scrittori di Brevi. 
 Vrocuratori di Penitentiaria* 
 
 Scrittori di Penitentiaria. 
 
 Correttori di Piombo. 
 
 Correttorio di Penitentiaria. 
 
 Solicitatori. 
 Correttori del Archivio. 
 
 Scrittori del Archivio* 
 
 Secretarii delle Bolle Salaciate. 
 Regifiratori del iftejfe Bolle* 
 Maefiri delle Bolle Regifirate. 
 
 12. 
 
 Auditors of the Roll 
 Clerks of the Chamber 
 
 Audi tor of the Chamber i • 
 
 Gomifiary of the Chamber i . 
 
 Controulerofthe holy Palace i. 
 
 The General Commitiary of the 
 holy Office. 
 
 The Ruler of the Chancery: 
 
 Apoftolick Prothonotaries 
 
 Subdeacons. 
 
 Refolute Men 
 
 Apoftolick fecretaries 
 
 The Punifher for the Chancery I. 
 
 ASummift 
 
 Obfervers of the Rules 
 
 Lefs Abbreviators 
 
 Keeper of the Chancery 
 
 Secretary of the Docquets 
 
 The Hoftia keeper of the Chan- 
 cery i. 
 
 Apoftolick writers 101 
 
 Apoftolick Grooms of theCham- 
 ber 60. 
 
 .guerriesof theftable or Vian- 
 ders. 140. 
 
 Knights of St. Peter 400. 
 
 Knights of St. Paul 11. 
 
 Writers of Briefs 81. 
 
 Pro&ors of the Office Penitenti. 
 
 1. 
 I. 
 
 12. 
 1. 
 1 
 
 ana 24. 
 
 Writers in the office Pen itentia- 
 
 29. 
 
 Leaden 
 
 the 
 
 na 
 
 The (tampers of 
 Seal 104 
 
 The Stampers of the Office Pe- 
 nitentiaria 11. 
 
 Purfevants 100. 
 
 Overfeers of the Arches or fpiri- 
 tual Court 1 o. 
 
 Writers in the Arches or fpiritu- 
 al Court 10. 
 
 Secretary of thePenfionary Buls8 
 
 Regifters of the faid Bulls 4 
 
 Mafters of the regiftr ed Bulls 4 
 Notarol 
 
Part II. 
 
 K M E. 
 
 175 
 
 Auditors delle contradette. 
 Maejtri delle Suppliche. 
 thierici delle fuppliche , 
 Not art delta Camera. Apofiolica. 
 
 Scrittori delRegijiro delle [upliche. 
 
 Notari del Auditor della Camera. 
 
 Notari di Rota. 
 
 Notari del Vicar io del Papa. 
 
 Notari del Governatore civile. 
 
 Notaro de maleficii. 
 
 Notaro di Cancellarin. 
 
 Trefidenti di Ripa. 
 
 ? ortionarii. 
 
 Corfori. 
 
 Servatori £ Arms. 
 
 I'erghe Rojje. 
 
 Cat enen elS aero j'allazzo. 
 
 rorte diferro. 
 
 Gavalli leggicri commttnemente. 
 
 Bombardieri. 
 
 14. 
 
 4- 
 6. 
 
 Hearers of differences 
 
 Matters of Requefts 
 
 Clerks of the Requefts 
 
 Notaries of the Apoftolick 
 Chamber 9. 
 
 Writers in the Regiftry cf Re- 
 quests. 20. 
 
 Notaries for the Auditor of the 
 Chamber 10, 
 
 Notaries of the Rouls 48. 
 
 Notaries of the Popes Viccar 4. 
 
 Notaries of the civil Magiftrat 11. 
 
 Notary of Offences 1, 
 
 Notary of the Chancery 1. 
 
 Prefidents of the Bench 141. 
 
 Partakers 61 a. 
 
 Apparitors 19. 
 
 Keepers of the Arms 24. 
 
 Red Rodds 24. 
 
 Chains in the facred Pallace. 71. 
 
 Gates of Iron 2 5. 
 
 Light horfes comonly 100 or2oo. 
 
 Gunners 300. 
 
 Sn>itzers ) or Germans for guarding the Gates of the Popes Pallace, of 
 whom soo. or 300. alwaies keep Sentinel. 
 
 Pope Gregory the 13th. in tenn yeers of his Enjoyment of the 
 Pontifical Chair inftituted nineteen Seminaries or Colledges for all 
 Nations in Rome, for the benefit and propagation of the Catholick 
 Faith and for reception 3 as well as Inftruft ion of fuch as abandon 
 their ownCountreys byreafonof ptrfecutions. 
 
 To which are (Ince added 7 more inftituted by Clement the 8th. and 
 others. 
 
 
 Witi.&iffi'h J. v. (TWO 1 
 
 ft&.&.mfr 
 
 Cf the Obelisks. Columnes and Aquedu&s 
 of ROME. 
 
 THe Obelisks reftored erefted and transferred by Pope Sixtus 
 the 5th. ofglorious memory with incredible expence, by the 
 workmanfhip of the Inginier Domenico Fontana, and confecrated to 
 the meft holy Crofs are thefe. 
 
 The Obelisk of Tiberius Cafar ftanding now in the Piazza of St. 
 Peter mVaticano: in the fecond yeer of his inauguration, annoDom. 
 1586. 
 That oiAugufius c<efar brought from JEgypt t and tranflated from San 
 Rocco to Santa Maria Maggiore is not engraven nor carved at all. 
 Y y That 
 
m 
 
 The Biflory oflTALT, Part III 
 
 That which was confecrate to the Sun transferred from Circo Maf- 
 Jfmo } (where it lay on the ground) to San Giovanni in Lateranojs car- 
 ved with JEgyptian characters, and was reared the third year of his 
 Papacy, Augustus took it from its place in JEgypt & conveyed it vpon 
 the ISI7I0 into^/exrfWr/^wbereimbarquingit, he fent it by fea fora- 
 dornment oiRome, which he fought to imbellith in all things pofli- 
 ble.* which his endeavour and coft caufed him once to vaunt^that he 
 found Rome all of Brick, but left it of Marble 
 That dedicated to the Sun by Augujlus in Circo Maximojbemg drawn 
 out of theRuines among which t was buried, was tranflated with 
 infinite expence to the porta Flamwia and railed before the Church 
 S Maria del Topolo 
 
 Befides the abovenamed, divers other Obelisks and Pyramides 
 are yet extant in Rome , but all of fmall value, except that which 
 was newly erected in the Piazza Kovana by Innocent the X which 
 is admirable.. 
 We gather from the writers of Antiquity that formerly there were j 
 many more Obelisks in Rome then at prefent appear. Pliny the' 
 time of Vejpafian names many of them . Ammianus Marcellmus the j 
 contemporary with Julian the Emperour fets down more, but P. Vi- ''. 
 #0r commemorates to the number of 42. treating of the lefs. Andrea j 
 Fulvius i ?ietrus i Angelus :) Burgms rigafeUa&n&MichadAlercatoja. the la- 
 tine and vulgar tongue give thereof moft ample accounts. 
 
 Augufius Cefar tranfmitted twoObelisks {row JEgypt to Rome,zt the 
 time he overcame Marc Anthony and Cleopatra^ and Tnblius Vi&or, re- 
 ckons feaven more con veighed thither afterwards. One whereof 
 was placed in the Gardens of Salujliuf, which took up all the fpace 
 and the vale from the Church Santa sufanna to fhe Porta Collina:Th\s 
 (they fay) was confecrated to the Moon, and carved with Egyptian 
 Characters, What vaft Veflels were built for conveighing thefe Pliny 
 and Ammianus difcourfe at large, and one they fay had 300 mariners 
 in her. Now let us fpeak of thofe Obelisks that are marked wih 
 Egyptian Characters .• That of Saint Peter and Santa Maria maggiore 
 being without fuch. 
 
 The Obelisk before Saint Giovanni Laterano, all over engraved 
 with Hieroglvphicks was brought as aforefaid by conjiantine the 
 great out of Mgypt into Alexandria and erected in Conjlantinople^ad 
 thence by Conjiantius his fon in an immenfcGalley wherein were 300 
 Rowers at the Oar,to Rome and by him placed in the Circo Maximo : 
 which Sixtus the 5th. anno 1 588 with incredible expence removed 
 to Saint Giovanni Later ano where the Popes ufed formerly to inhabit. 
 A fecond he removed from the Circo Majjlmo to Santa Maria Maggi- J 
 ore formerlyConfecrated to the Sun.- 
 
 The third in the Vineyard of the great Duke of Tufcany , filled 
 with Hyerogliphicksrtis but fmall but tis thought flood in the Campo \ 
 Martio, inthe time of Tarquine the proud. 
 
 The fourth lefs than the former was transferred from the Campi- \ 
 dogliojay Ciriaco Mattei,znA frauds in the Vineyard of the Mattai wh o ! 
 had it of the gift of the Senat and people ofRome:th.\s hath fome fmall ! 
 Images on the top only h the others all over. 
 
 There is another lying in the Via Appia, near the Sepulchre of Ce- 1 
 cilia Metellabidke in 3 feveral pieces .• which (tis much admired )| 
 
 that] j 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 \y6 
 
 that Pope Sixtns the 5th. did not ereft as well as the reft: nor is it 
 to be believed but that he would have done it, had not death inter- 
 rupted this and his other defignes.One other fmaller Obelisk Ihnds 
 near the Jefuits Colledge. 
 
 Tisadmirable that upon all thofe Hierogk&Obelisks the fign of the 
 Crofs is figured: which might happen, either for that the JEgyptians 
 through fame miftery honoured theCrofs,or for that they might have 
 had fome relation touching it from their Anceftors, and yet without 
 knowingthe fignification. Atthetime when by the Emperour 7^. 
 odojius his command all the Idols of Mgypt were deftroyed , On the 
 Breaft of Serapis was found the fign of the Crofr, whereof the 
 fignification being enquired into , the Priefts skilled in thefacred 
 mifteries of the ^Egyptians declared , that they understood by it the 
 Life to come after death here : which could not portend other, than 
 the eternal beatitude whereto our Saviour by his death on the Crofs 
 opened the way. Thus Socrates the writer of the Ecclefiaftick Histo- 
 ries in his 5th. Book 27th. Chap, recounts, as alfodo Rujjino, Georgio 
 Cedreno 3 and Suida, in their writings. We muff obferve that the pu. 
 nifhment by theCrofs in thofe dayes common to Malefacfors was ta- 
 ken away by Conjiantine the Emperour a true Chriftian, through his 
 Reverence ofcur Saviours death: who in lieu thereof conftituted 
 the Gallows, as divers Authors relate.* Which Emperour alfo pro- 
 hibited by a fevere Law, the conculcating any Crofs upon the Earth 
 Let thus much ferve touching the Obelisks of Rome, if the Reader 
 be curious to fearch into thofe in Constantinople and other placesCthe 
 difcourfe whereof is not to our purpofe) let him perufe the treati- 
 fesof Michael Mercato , Pietro Eellonio , and PietroGiltio, upon this 
 fubjeft. 
 
 In Rome alfo are 3 famous Collumnes:oneCalledfltf/2r<*ta in the Cam- 
 pidoglio erected by C. Duilio , after the Carthaginians were overcome 
 in the Pmick^ War. Another of Trajan, which Sixtus the fifth de- 
 dicated to St, Peter: and that of Anthony which the fame Pope 
 confecrated to Saint Pad in anno 1 580. 
 
 TheACLUEDUCTS. 
 
 TIBER IV s Ctifar conveighed the Acqua Virgin into the Gity 
 but the works falling to decay Pope Nicholas the 5 in the yeer 
 of Ghriff 1554. and the fea vent h of his Papacy reftoredk to its firft 
 beauty as by thelnfcription at the Fontana di trevi appears, 
 
 Sixtus the 5th. brought the Acqua Felice into the Gity,calling it Fe- 
 lice from his own name before he was advanced to the Pontifical 
 Ghahv Other Popes have likewife layed andreftored other waters 
 for theGitizens con vcniency and delight. 
 
 Yy 2 
 
•74 
 
 The Hiftory of ITALY, Part 1 1. 
 
 A Guide or Dire&ion for the moft con- 
 venient view of the Antiquities of 
 ROME. 
 
 WE will begin from the Vatican, chiefly in favour of thofe who 
 come from 1 ufcany to Rome, entring by the Porta Vaticata,ne& 
 the Caftle Saint Angelo. Here ly the Meariowes and fields oiguinti- 
 hs or as others fay of Pincius at this day called Prat a a lovely and 
 pleafant place, whither the youth ufually refort for Recrea- 
 tion. 
 
 The Porta Eiia, called vulgarly di Cajiello leads to Adrians Mole, A 
 vaft Pile which he railed for the burying place for himfelf and the 
 Antonini, being large and ftrong, but at prefent better accomodated 
 than in his time, for that the Popes have made it a Forrrefs for their 
 own retreat and fecurity, in time of imminent danger of Enemies, 
 to which a long Gallery under Ground leads from the Palace of St. 
 Peter , for their more convenient and fafe paflage. Heretofore One 
 Crefentimes made himfelf Lord of it by force of Arm sand of the CU 
 tyalfo: but at prefent the Popes poffefs it, and cal hCaJielSt. An. 
 gelo, from the Marble ftatue of an Angel with a fword in his hand 
 fettonthe top of it, which Alexander the 7th. augmented and 
 fortified in ample manner as by the Infcription on the Bridge may be 
 underirood. In it are kept the three millions of Gold, which may 
 uot be imployed on anyufe but defence of the Apoftolickftatein 
 point of Arms- The Marbles, Collumnes, and Statues formerly 
 there, were con veighed to the Vatican, and placed in the Church of 
 Saint Peter, and the Papal Palace, and nothing of Antiquity left 
 behind but the ftrufture, and two heads, the one of Adrian the Em- 
 perour armed, the other of V alias , with fome inferiptions on the 
 walls, which notwithftanding, tis yet moft worthy obfervation. 
 Here ftands the Ponte or Bridge Elio, fo called for that Elius Adrianus 
 the Emperour built it for his Sepulchre.- but at prefent tis called 
 Ponte di Cajiello, on either fide of itftand theftatues of the Apo- 
 ftles Saint Peter and Saint PW, wrought with excelling Workman- 
 fhip under Pope Clement the 7th. at the time that the Tyber grown 
 beyond its ufual limits , overflowed to the great devaluation of the 
 C ity and this Bridge in anno 1530. Being upon this Bridge, you may 
 feeoppofiteto youtheHofpitalof Santo Spirit o, and theRuinesof 
 the triumphal Bridge, which was fo denominated , for that over it 
 were lead the Pompes of Triumphs as the way to the Cantpido- 
 glio. 
 
 AH that part of the Vatican hill between the Bridge and the Pa- 
 lace is now called Borgo, but was formerly named lajelva becaufe be- 
 fore the time of Pope Alexander the fecond the VaticanGiove grew 
 there, wherein was ere&ed a Pyramide for the Sepulchre of scipio Af- 
 fricanus, whereof fome reliques may yet be feen in that part of the 
 
 Tern 
 
Part II. ROME. __ 
 
 Temple called Faradifi?^ as the great Pyne Apple, andPeacok of 
 Brafs guilt. 
 
 In the Borgo, almoft all the Edifices are (lately and noble, and in 
 particular thefe following .* The Palace of the Cardinal cf Cefisat 
 the gate of Saint Onofrio, whofefirft Court is full of Statues and in- 
 fcriptions, the particulars whereof are printed and publifhed.- in it 
 is an Effigies of the Amazon Wppol/to infinitely a pplauded,being the 
 workmanfhip of Michael Angelo, the Prince o* Sculptors, another 
 of Apollo, a third of a Sabyn Woman, nowhit inferiour to that of 
 the Amazon , had it Arms proportionable. 
 
 In the garden ftands a ftatue of Bacchus upon a Pediftol : A Vef. 
 felcf Brafs whhaFaunus, a Neptune, and an Apollo, holding a Harp 
 in his hand: An Image of Agrippa, the Daughter of Marcus Agrippa 
 Another of Julia the Daughter of Augujius Caefar , a Pallas armed , 
 andHemwdenoured. On the right hand appears a fountain with 
 22 Circles about it of Marble ftone, on which ftand the ftatues of 
 A fuunus^Jupiter Hammon, Potnpey the Great, Demojihenes , Spenfipptis 
 the Philofopher , who was thought to be the Son of a Sifter of \la- 
 to. In profpeftive from the Gate may be feen Rome trium phing for 
 the overcoming of Dacia, fitting on a Throne with a tourrion on 
 her head and a Branch ofLaurelinherhand,withD^a'j placed near 
 it, in a mourning pofture and Habit^round it are Trophees, asArms 
 of the Barbarous , two conquered Kings in Numidian Marble , 
 bigger than ordinary men , twoftatues of two of the Farc£ : and 
 two sphinxes of the fame Marble. 
 
 Contiguous withitftandsa round Fabrick called the Antiquario, 
 from the many Antiquities contained in it.- On the Front is fixed a 
 Vifage of Jupiter, in porphyr ftone, and an effigies of Foppenithe 
 wifeof o^w the Emperour.- above which ftand five ftatues, That is 
 of Pallas, Ceres, Vi&oria, Copia, and Diana. Within are feen the 
 Statue of Somnus , or of gtuies, or as others will have it of JEfcn- 
 lapius with Poppy in his hands , andan Inageof zSabineLady. In 
 the gate on the left hand appears a Vifage of Jove, as bigg as a Gy- 
 ants, on the right another of Hercules , and in the midftathird of 
 Pallas. And under that of Hercules, a Satyre, who blows a Shepheards 
 pipe of feaven Reeds .• a neater piece of work then which is fcarfe 
 tobefeen, which is attributed to Scopa. Under that of Jove,z head 
 of Fyrrhus King of the Epirotes with a Leda and a Cupid. The Sa- ' 
 tyr, and the Leda are moft com pleat ftatues. In it are the heads alfo 
 of Portia, Cato, Jupiter, Canimed, Diana, Neptune, with a moft an- 
 tient Egyptian Image called the head of Ajirate Mother of Ofarides s 
 oras others will of Ope, or Cibele the Mother of the Gods. 
 
 Near the gate ftand two ftatues 5 one on the left hand of Aries Fif- 
 fus ofmoft white Marble,with thefe words on the Bafis, SecuraSim- 
 plicitas. The other on the right hand of Leone, with thefe words up* 
 on the bafis, Innoxia Fortitudo. Near which ftands the Emperour, 
 Heliogabulus , clothed at his full length , with certain antique Cere- 
 monies in the facrifices engraven on the Bafis. Upon another Image 
 of an Emperour triumphing drawn by fourhorfes, ftands a Simiaah 
 Ape cut in JEthiopic^Marble in the form the Egyptians ufed to wor* 
 fhip it. In the Hall is a head of Bacchus of red ftone, wit h a Neptune 
 over it,drawn in a Chariot by four horfes , and two ftatues of the 
 Goddefs Pomona. Z z The 
 
I7 8 | TheHifioryof J7 " ^Lr, _Part II. 
 
 The ftudy of the Cardinal hath its pavement wrought in figure with 
 fmall (tones : and in it are many heads of illuftrious Romans, as of 
 Scipio, Africanus, Marcus Cato , M Antonius the triumvir, Ju- 
 lius, C£Jar, Septimius, Severus, L Sy/la, CNero, Julia Mammea => M. 
 Antonius Caracalla, Adrianus,Macrinus, Cleopatra, Faujiina , and Sa- 
 bina, As alfo a Library furnifhed no Jefs with Books of Antientthan 
 modern Authors, In the withdrawing Chambers are Gems and pre- 
 tious ftones,fo well wrought that they beft fpeak themfelves,there» 
 in alfo are Scipio Najica, Brutus, Adrianus lmperator , a flceping 
 Cupid, and a Child, with divers other vaine things fo rare and curi- 
 ous, and rich, that did Rome afford no other Palace than this, you 
 will fay when feen,you could net better difpofe your time and tra- 
 vel then to behold it$ And that it alone deferve the pains of a Jour- 
 ney thither. 
 
 The Popes Pallace. 
 
 ON the Top of the Vatican Hill ftands that proud Pallace of the 
 Popes, whic" like a large City is capable of three Kings and all 
 their followers. - here the Popes (induced thereto from the beauty of 
 the fcite, and temperature of the Ayr) for the moft part make their 
 dwelling, having deferted their former on the Later ano. The firft 
 thing here to be viewed is the Chapel of Sixtus , which for its gran- 
 deur and beauty may be paralleld to any other great and noble 
 Church: in it the Card inals afTemble themfelves for election of the 
 Pope , and call themfelves the Conclave , upon the high Altar 
 whereof is that noble Picture reprefenting the Univcrfal Judgment, 
 painted by Michael Angelo, a Piece fo generally a pplauded, that it's 
 held invaluable , for its exellency, and unimitable by all fucceding 
 Artifts, though divers and thofe the beft attempt it dayly; Near it 
 is the capella Paolina, painted by the fame hand: whence the way lies 
 into the Gardens called belvedere, The fair fight both for their infi- 
 nite beauty and the profpeft of the moft part of Rome,m it are many 
 foreign rare plants. Herein ftands the ftatue of the Tyber foxes con- 
 nexed with a wolf which gave fuck to Remus and Romulus^ The Nj/le 
 upon aSphinx with 17. Children denoting the increafes of that River 
 with its effects upon j£gypt,whh feveral monfters & ftrong creatures 
 proper only to that River : which ftatue was heretofore found near 
 Saint Stephens Church, and being thence conveighed into thofe gar- 
 dens, is there prefented to publique view for that general approba- 
 tion of excellency which is meritorioufly given it . 
 
 On the walls of the faid Belvedere are moreover 1 2 feveral defor- 
 med Creatures fet up, which are carved out of the politeft Marble •• 
 And in certain Corners and Nooks ftands a fhape of Antinoo, cut in 
 the whiteft Marble of fingular Artifice and in this form by the com- 
 mand of ^dr/d«theEmperour, who deputed divine facerdotal ho- 
 nours with Temples, whofe memory alfotbat he might perpetuate,he 
 built a City in Mgypt calling it from his name Antinopoh, On the right 
 hand is th e River Arm in the fhape of a Man lying along, difFufing 
 water from his Tomb, with Cleopatra on his left hand leaning on her 
 
 light 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROM E. 
 
 H9 
 
 right hand. In the fecond Armory ftands Venus Ericina prepared to 
 come out of a Bath. In the third is the fame/ cnus playing withcw- 
 p id and this Infcription. 
 
 Veneri Ftelici Sacrum Salujiia Hetpis D. D. 
 
 Near it is a Bacchus armelefs i and that Trunk of Herta/e^pronounced 
 by Michael Angelo t to be the moft com pleat ftatue ciRomc 3 the name 
 of ^tf//«? asfculptorisinfcribedonit, as alfo two other Carafies 
 the one of a Lady the other of Mercury , and an Arch of Marble, 
 wherein is figured the Ghafe of Meleager found in the Vatican Vine- 
 yard, appertaining to his Sanctity. 
 
 In the fourth Armory in the Cants ftands a fhtueof the Empe- 
 ror Commodus in the habit and fhape of Hercules , holding a Child 
 on his Arm, whofe humour was to be fo figured and called as hifto- 
 rians report. In the fifth Apollo ritheo , with a Serpent at his feet s and 
 a Carcajc having a piece of Cloth upon one Arm , a Bow and Arrows 
 in his hand, and all over naked. In thefixth is Laocoon with his two 
 Sons enveloped by two Dragons as Virgil writes the ftory, all of one 
 ' Marble (tone: This Piece was efteemed by Michael Angelo the Mira- 
 cle of Sculpture: and before his time by rliny who faies that, twas 
 wrought by Agefanero Poliodoro, and At hcnodoro the principal Sculp- 
 tors of their times, and preferved in the Palace of Titus Vefpafi anus 
 and found in his feaven Halls. Some fpace from which lies Cleopatra 
 ready to give up the Ghoft,of fo exact workman fh i p and polite Mar- 
 ble, that underneath the Marble Garments which fcem to lie over 
 the whole body, the Limbs and fhape of the perfbn, do perfectly \ 
 appear. In the fame Palace and Gardens which are five, fomeinl 
 Terrace, others low s befide the aforenamed not a few nor mean Vef- 
 fels and ftatues prefent themfelves as gratefull Objects to the Vifi- 
 tants thereof: As to pafs by others a Fountain made after a ruftick 
 manner, round which ftand feigned Gods and Sea Monfters, very 
 wellreprefented : Together with the Images of Pope Paulus the 2 
 and the Emperor Charts the 5th. drawn by the hand of Michael An- 
 ge/<?,and a ftatue of one of the Curiatii,which is a fair one,and ftands 
 where the Srvitzers keep their Guard. 
 
 In the Armory, are Arms and all accompliihments for 3 5ooo.men 
 horfe and foot, and over the door of it is this Motto 
 
 Vrbanns VIII. L iter is arma y Armis I it eras. 
 
 In the Conjiantine Hall, to pafs over the other things which are in. 
 finite, are painted feveral picturs drawn by the principal Painters in 
 all Ages, chiefly the Battel fought at the Ponte Milvio^xxd the victory 
 obtained there by ConJ$antine,agamft Maxentius, the work of Raphael 
 Stantio of Vrbin. 
 
 In the Gallery Pope Gregory the 1 3th. for the benefit of the Popes 
 to his great coft , caufed all the Provinces Regions and Chief Cities 
 of the whole World,to be artificially and exactly lymned annexing 
 to each Province in a fweet ftyle its Encomion. 
 
 This Pallace was begun by Nicholas the third , augmented by his 
 fucceffors,finilhed by Julius the fecond & Leo theioth. garnifhed and 
 Zz 2 beauti* 
 
i8o 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part II. 
 
 beautified with Picrures and other Ornaments , bys/jcfiw the5th. 
 and clement the 8th. fo that at this day it remains a irately Recepta^ 
 clefor his holinefs, and a worthy objett for all Forreigners. 
 
 
 Of the Church of Saint Peter, on 
 theF^T/C^NO 
 
 THis hath meritorioufly its place among the feaven Principal 
 and the Library Churches of Rome, and will therefore require 
 breifer account here, Tis the moft famous and fplendid of Rome. On 
 that part which isafcended bylleps, isaPillarere&edjCompafied 
 about with lion barrs s and this infcription on it. 
 
 H£c ejiilht Column a 3 in quaDominus noJierJeJusChriJiusapcdiafus, dum\ 
 popttlo pr&dicabat, & Deo Patri in Templo preceseffundebat , adh<e- 
 rendojiabat i qu£ una cum aim undecim hie ciratmjlantibus de Salo- 
 mons templo in trmmphum hujus Bajilic<e hie locatafuit. 
 
 In this Temple is likewife preferved the head of Saint Andrew the 
 Apoftle, and the fpear which was run into the fide of our Saviour, 
 when he hung upon the Crofs: It was fent as a gratefull prefent to 
 Pope Innocent the 8th. bythe Twr^J/ftEmperour.- Herealfois the 
 Porta San&a t which is never opened butintheyeer of Jubile , and 
 that finifhed is fhut again. Which fhall fuffice to avoid Repetiti- 
 on. 
 
 To the Church of Saint refer is joyned the little Church of Santa 
 Petronilla, formerly a Temple of Apollo, as that of Santa Maria del- 
 la febre was of Mars, in the Piazza of Saint Peter ftands the Obelisk 
 tranflated thither from the Circ of Nero in the yeer ! 586. at the In- 
 ftance and coft ot sixtus the 5th. where it layinnegleftfullobfcu 
 rity, in old times called the Obelisk of Cafar , and under it were 
 then laid the Alhes of Julius Ctefar; Dominico Fontana was the Engi- 
 neer. Its heighth is 1 70 foot befides the Bafis which is 37 foot more 
 on the bottom tis 1 2 foot broad and at top 8. It weighs without the 
 Bafis 9 56148. pound the Inftruments prepared for its removall and 
 erefting weighed 1031824. pound. The Removal of itwemuft 
 needs conclude fo admirable as to deferve a place among the great 
 wonders of the Antients, if wedefpifeitnot(asisufual) for that 
 twas modern. 
 
 The Circ and Naumachia , the place for fea battails of Nero were 
 near herun to, where they made their fportive recreations in barques 
 upon the water , and cruelly call: tbofe that confefled the name of 
 Chriftjto be devoured by wilde beafts. 
 
 The Borgo hath five gates, to wit, L'Elia at the Caftle Saint Angelo, 
 That of Saint Peter under the Popes Gardens,! a Pertufa on the high 
 
 eft 
 
PartIL 
 
 ROME* 
 
 181 
 
 eft part of the hill. La Facing at the Palace of the ce/?/, and the 
 Trionfale 3 now called of Santo fpiritojxzzx which bourbon received a 
 (hot w hich occafioned his death , and the furrender of Rome to the 
 Emperor charts the 5th. 
 
 The Hofpital ofsanSpirito, was firft inftituted by Innocent the 3d. 
 afterwards aggrandized by Sixtus the 4th, In it they govern with no 
 lefs honour than love the foreign Infirm perfons: fo that many rich 
 Men difdain not to retire themlelves thither for the government of 
 the fick and inlirm 4 and thereto imploy their skill and time though at 
 their own charges 5 not having their own proper houles in 
 Home. 
 
 Of the Hill Gianicolo, now called Montorio. 
 
 THe Hill Janicultts is now called Montorio quafi mons aurens^or the 
 goulden Mount: near it lies the Circ of 'julws Ctejar, where 
 appejr fome fragments of the Sepulchre of Nttma Pompilms , which 
 yet demonftrate 'twas no great Fabrick : a certain aflurance , that 
 Ambition had not then in thofe times any great place in 
 Rome. 
 
 Montorioh fo called for the fparkling of the fand there; Where 
 ftands a Church of Saint Peter^ and a round Fabrick wrought excel* 
 lently Dor/c^wife, the defign of Bramante. At the high Altarof the 
 faid church is a Mai bleftone whereon Chrift was figured by Raphael 
 of ZJrbin, On the right hand at the entrance into the Church Chrift 
 is rarely painted upon the Wall being whipt, by Bajiiano the Venetian 
 called del Piombo. Here ftands the Tombe which "Julius the third cau- 
 fed to be built for himfelf then living , where for all that he had not 
 thehappinefstolye(deadJ but was buried in a mean place in the 
 Vatican. 
 
 The Gate of Saint Pancratio 3 was formerly called Aureliana, or 
 Settimiana-, for that it was repaired by*Septimius Severur 3 who near it 
 erec>ed an Altar and certain Bar hs .• without this gate you fee an A- 
 queduft not very highj through which ran the waters of the Lake 
 Alfetino, into the Baths of Severus, of Fil/ppus i and into the Natt- 
 machia, the place for Sea Fights of Angujius. 
 
 Where now ftands the Temple of Santa Maria in 7ranftevere 3 was 
 formerly a Ta/>er»<* Meritoria^ or a Locanda&s they now term itbeinga 
 place for letting out Chambers: There ftood alfoa Temple of ^5/ck- 
 lapius for the deceafed, to whom ("becaufe they believed him a God 
 alwaies regarding and affifting to their healths) the infirm had re- 
 courfe-a.nd facrificed. 
 
 The Naumachia, was a place purpofely fet apart for the preparing 
 all things neceffary for Naval fights. This place is at prefent called a \ 
 Ripa, in Rome, where the Vefiels are fteered by Ojlia into the City 5 | 
 befides in antient time in the Naumachia,they often prefented certain 
 Warlike and Naval fports for the Solace of the Princes and multi- 
 tude. 
 
 The Ponte Aurelio t or Gianicolo conjoins the part Tranfleverina, or be- 
 yond theTyber to the City,but being broken in the civil War 'twas af- 
 terwards calledPew/e RottoxAt laft being rcedified by sixtus the 4th.to 
 
 A a a that 
 
[8a 
 
 The Hiflory rtlTALT, Part 11, 
 
 that magnificence it now appears in, it took the ra «e of Vonte Sixto. 
 In the midft of the Nanmachia rife the reliques of the Ponte Sublicio 
 upon which Horatius alone in the War agasnft theTufcam fuftained 
 the afiaults of the Enemies till fuch time as the Romans could break 
 down the faid Bridge near the Gate, by which means the Enemies 
 were obftrudted in their hoped for entrance into the City. ■ Mrailim 
 Lepidus caufed it afterwards to be built of ftone .* From a top this 
 Bridge theEmperourHe//^d bulus the Monfter of Nature and Mankind 
 having a ftone hung abont his Neck, was calr down into the Ty- 
 ber. 
 
 Near hereunto ly the Fields Mutii , given to Mutius Scavola^by the 
 publickjfor the noble Act he performed in theprefence oiTorfenna 
 King of the Tufcdns.' 
 
 At the Port of Ripa, Leon the 4th. built two Towers to hinder the 
 inroads of the Sarazens, who often by ojiia run up the Tyler. Then 
 Borgo was called Citta Leonina^Alexander rhe 4th. named it Borgia, and 
 added to it good increafe of all things. 
 
 L'lfola Tiberina, is believed to have rife and beginning in the time 
 of Tarquin the proud s tis not very b;oad but a quarter of a mile long 
 and was confecrated to Mjculapius: In it is at this day a Church de- 
 dicated to San Bartolomeo % At the point of the Ifland you may fee the 
 form of that Ship, wherein the Serpent Epidaur'us was con veighed 
 into the City, which form wasfometimefinceexfofed to view by 
 the inundation of the Tyber. 
 
 In the gardens of Cardinal Farne%e\ beyond the Tyber are di- 
 vers Venufes of the whiteft Marble, and feveralPyles, on which 
 are figured Men, Lyons, Women, the nine Mufes, Satyrs and other 
 things, and a broken pillar with a Greek infeription very memora- 
 ble which was brought from Tivoli. 
 
 The Bridge Cejcio or Efquilino con joines the part beyond the Tyber 
 to the Ifland; t was built by Valentianus and Vahhs Emperors, and is 
 now called Tonte Saint Bartolomeo from that Church which ftands in 
 the Ifland contiguous with it? In the fame Ifland Hands the Church 
 of San Giovanni Battijia, which formerly was the Temple o( "Jupiter, 
 andintheuppermoftpartof it yet appear the ruines of a Tem- 
 ple of Faunas , which was reduced to that fad condition by the In- 
 undation of the River. 
 
 The Bridge Fabricio, called alfo Tarpeio, connexeth the Ifland with 
 the City, palling through the midft of Marcellus his Theatre, tis at 
 this time called Vontc dai quatro capi, from certain ft atucs there rea- 
 red,each of which hath four faces and heads. 
 
 The Theatre of Marcelluswas built by Augufius C<efar, 3t the Bridge 
 Fabricio, in honour of Marcellus the Son of his Sifter Octavia,) capa- 
 cious for eighty thoufand perfona)to which ftruciure that (he mighc 
 add the more luftre as in remembrance of her faid Son Marcellus, the 
 faid Offavia complea ted a moft admirable & well furnifhed Library 
 of Books of all forts and fciences. This Theatre the Houfe of Sa- 
 velli at prefent pofiefs.- The faid Augufius raifed alfo the Banqueting 
 houfe called oUavio in honour of his faid Sifter Ocravia, part where- 
 of yet is on foot, in the midft ol the faid Theatre, where are fome 
 fhops of Goldfmiths now, but was formerly much more beautified 
 by many rare ftatues, as among others with a Satyr, the work of Pra- 
 "' /V ' '• fitellc, 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 Frafttelkf the nine Mufes of Ti/narchide, and the Image ofjuno now 
 placed in the Manfion of Julius the third itxthsViaFlamimk^ cafar 
 Germanicus illuftrated the faid Banqueting Houfe, with the additi- 
 on of a ftately Temple, dedicated to Speranza and Hope , towards 
 the Viaza Montana™, to which was conjoined the Temple of Au- 
 rora 9 much renowned among the Antients the very Footfteps 
 whereof time and misfortune have razed out. 
 
 The Houfe of Savellh(in the Theatre of Marcellus^ poflefs a moft 
 rare piece, being a Lyon cut in Marble, with three Men Armed 
 and prepared to fight him> together with many other Marble Ta- 
 blets: And a garden very delicious, wherein are feveral Pyles,where- 
 on the Labours of Hercules are engraven, and divers Statues of Men 
 and pieces of Mercury. 
 
 . San Wcolo in C<*mre,formerly was the Prifon for the common peo- 
 ple, but tor that a Daughter expreffed fo much Piety to her Father 
 there bound in chains as to nourifti him many dayes with the milk 
 from her own breafts, Attilia Gabrionejaifed there a Temple dedica- 
 ting it to Piety. 
 
 Santo Andrea inMentuzza, was in old times a Temple confecra- 
 tedto Juno Matura by Cornelius the Conful , under the Campido- 
 glio. 
 
 You may fee the broken Bridge of Santa Maria Tranjieverina , or 
 Mgittiacajo named from the Neighbouring Church jwhich was for- 
 merly called Ton tc Senatorio and Palatino , for that the Senators paf- 
 fed over that Bridge in religious manner to thejanicolo, toconfult 
 the Books of the Sybills , and thence returned to the Court of the 
 Emperours. 
 The Houfe ofPilat placed near the Ponte Senatorio fabuloufly by the 
 Vulgar, if we make a narrower infpe&ion* and contemplate the 
 moft high mine there appearing, muft needs have been the Sudato- 
 ria Laconica, or hot Baths. The Foro Olitorio s is the Piazza Montono- 
 ra 3 where Evander ereftcd an Altar in honour of Nicojirata C a rmcnta 
 his mother. 
 
 The Church of Sanfta Maria JEgittiaca , formerly the Tem- 
 ple of Fortuna Virilis , remains Ealmoft intire and unblemifhed 
 having a long row of high Pillars on both fides. Some report it to 
 havebeenconfecratedtoPB^/cvrzrf Matronalis, and that therein was 
 the Eucca P^eritatis^hich is efteemed a fabulous ftory ,and thatample 
 round porphyr ftone ftanding before the Greek Schools, which they 
 fay was theEucca veritatis s conld be applyed to no other ufe then for a 
 Chanel or receipt of waters, as in divers other ftones of the like 
 form up and down theCity ufed to the like occafions is moft plainly 
 apparent. 
 
 In the houfe of the Serlupi in the Fifhftreet, they (hew a moft com- 
 pleat piece, being the head of the Emperour Vefpajian as big as a Gy- 
 ants, cut in white Marble. 
 
 In the next houfe appertaining to the Delfini i are the heads of 
 Lucius Verus^nd Marcus Aurelius t of Eacchas, of a Child laughing.and 
 of fix others with fome Urns, and ftones with remarkable in fcripti- 
 ons. 
 
 Of the place where the Afylumpx fanftuary for refuge ftood,there 
 is no Certainty becaufe fome place it in this part , others in the 
 A a a 2 - Campi- 
 
 n 
 
TheHiftory of I T ALT, Parti I. 
 
 Campidoglio, wherefore no ampler account can be given of it, upon 
 a certain foundation. 
 
 SanSiephano Rotondo, which denomination it borrowed from the 
 form of theFabrick, Q&ndsby Santa Maria Jigittiaca, 'twas built by 
 Nn/fta Pompilius, and confecrated to Vejia: tis fuftained on every part 
 by Corinthian Pilars, aud receaves the light from the top>ai doth the 
 Pantheon. 
 
 La RupeTarpeia, lies on the utmoft part of the Campidoglio, being 
 a vaftpr<mp7te,oppofite to the Church Santa Maria Egittiaca, ManLus 
 Capitolmus being found guilty of an intention to Matter Rome and 
 become its Tyrant, was at the comanu of the Senate precipitated 
 from this Rock. Some fay, that Ovids houfe flood among thofe ruins 
 vitiich are near the Church Santa Maria delta Confolatione. others that 
 it was in Burgo Georgio, near the Vorta Carmentale, at the Foot of the 
 Capitol,wheic alfo Valerius Amerinus dwelt, and Opis and saturnus had 
 Temples. 
 
 The Temple of Vejia built by Romulus between the Capitolinum 
 and the Palatinum, flood where now it. the Church dalle Gratie or dal- 
 le Confolatione, wherein the Veftal Virgins kept the holy and perpe- 
 tual Fire t and the Palladium , with the Domeftick houfhold Gods 
 brought by Mneas ) from Troy into Italy , but the faid Temple being 
 burnings the Palladium which was a wooden fm^ge of Pallas with rol- 
 ling eyes was fnatched out of the Fire and translated into Velia, 
 w\\tx&novi\s%anta Andrea in Palata. 
 
 The Foro Boario , took irs nawe either for that there they fold 
 their Bulls, or becaufe Evander having received the Bulls of Gerion 
 confecrated that place for perpetual remembrance of that Viftory , 
 Adjacent to the Temple of Saint George, in Velabro ftands a fair Arch 
 all of Marble, beautified with excellent figures of Sacrifices, ereft- 
 ed in former times by theGoldfmiths andMerchants in honour of the 
 Emperors, Septimius Severus,*v\d Alarms Aureliut. And contiguous 
 with this Arch ftood the Temple of Jams Qnadrifrons : four fqu red 
 and in e very front a large Gate, and 12. Nook?, wherein tis behe 
 ved they let up twelve lta»ues,reprefenting 1 2 Months. The Romans 
 facrificed to Janus as Prince or Prefident of the facrifices, calling 
 him zMoVertumnus . Many Temples in Rome were dedicated to this 
 God, among wh;ch that chiefly flou.-iflied wh'ichNuma builtatthe 
 Porta Carmentale near the Theatre of Alarcellus which had two Gates 
 onlv, and they ftood alwaies open in time of warr, and fhut in time 
 of Peace. Hiftorians report thefe Gates to be three times only lock 
 up : The firft by Numa the Founder, the fecond by 'litus Manltus ihe 
 Conful. The third by Augufius Ctffar, when he had whollvover 
 come A/. Antonius: Suetonius reports that twas a fourth time (hut by 
 Nero, which is proved by certain Coynes of the faid Em pen r yet 
 extant , with thefe words on the one fide. Pace Populo Romano V- 
 bique,Porta'janumClaHfit: Now this Temple is confecrated to Santa 
 Catherina. 
 
 llVelabro, where (lands Santo Georgio in VeUbro , was fo denomi- 
 nated for this caufe •• When the Tyber overflowed and covered the 
 face of the Earth, they could not pafs into the Aventinumfiom one 
 bank to the other unlefs in Boats, for their pafTage wherein they 
 payed a certain piece of money } which in Latin fignifies aBoOih,thofe 
 boats being covered over. Santa 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 181 
 
 __ 
 
 Santa Maria in Cofmodin, is called Schola Graca^ perhaps for that in 
 former times twas enjoyed by Greeks. They fable , that here Saint 
 Augujiin taught, and that here was another Bucca Veritdtis. Annex- 
 ed to this Church towards the Tyber ftood a Temple of Hercules Vi- 
 8or, the reliques whereof fhew its form to have been round , twas 
 deftroyed by Pope Sixtus the fourth. They report that Flyes never 
 entred into this Temple, Hercules by Prayer to Myagrum the God of 
 Flyes, having obtained this favour, for that being about to facrifice 
 to Jupiter, the Flyes molefted the facrifice/ NcrDoggs, Becaufethe 
 fame Hercules affixed his Club to the Door of the Temple, which fo 
 terrified the Doggs(it havingan innate Virtue to fright Doggs) that 
 they durft not approach the Gates.- Neither Women Servants or 
 made Free could affiir to the holy Exercifes in this Temple, And on- 
 ly freemen and the Sons of Freemen had admiflion there- 
 unto. 
 
 The Great Altar creeled by Hercules flood near the Schola Gr^ca, 
 and by it Mmilius built the Temple of Tudicitia ratritia, wherein j 
 when Virginia entred, being her felf noble but the Wife of a rlebeian 3 1 
 the wascaftoutby the other Matrons , whereat being ofTendedfhe j 
 raifed another Temple in Borgo Longo t to Tudicitia Flebeia^hich cau- 
 fed a great Feud in the Tatritian Matrons, but neither of the one nor : 
 the other does any footffeps now remain. 
 
 Monte Aventino. hath been ever counted infamous and inaufpici- 
 ous, for the conteft there happening between Romulus and Remus 
 wherein the laft was flain. Ancus Martius the j^th. Kingof the Romans 
 granted it to the Salines for their habitation, but others write that it 
 began to be inhabited only in the daies of Claudius the Emperor: tis 
 now called by its old name Mons Aventinus. 
 
 The Church of Santa Sabina, ftanding on the top of the Aventino 
 antiently dedicated to Diana, was built by Ancus Martins , or as o» 
 thers fay by Servius Tullius. Servius the fixth Ring of the Romans was 
 Son of a Servant or Have, wherefore he commanded that there eve* 
 ry year on the 13th. of Auguji a folemn Feaft fhould be kept for the 
 Slaves, on which day of their folemnity their Maffers mould not 
 command them. HereHonorius the 4th. dwelt, and Tins the fifth 
 erecled there fome ffately Fabricks , to which Girclamo Bemerio cal- 
 led the Cardinal of Afcoli, added others with a Chappel. This Car- 
 dinal was of the Order of the preaching Fryers, and for that caufe 
 hath been a loving Patron to that Order. 
 
 The Church of Santa Mafia deU'Aventino t vi&s a Tern pie confecrated 
 to Dea Bona , not far from which ffood theHoufeof Julius C<efar : 
 whence Calphurnia, the wife of Cajfar proceeded among the other 
 Matrons to the faid Temple to the Nc&urnal duties performed to 
 the faid Goddefs , when Clodius inamoured of her , habiting him- 
 felf in the garment of a Woman, conveighed himfelf in amongft 
 them,all men being prohibited admiflion to thofe dutie?.- Whobeing 
 no lefs ignorant of the place than of the Ceremonies, wandred 
 too and fro in fearch of his Friend Calphurnia^nd by that means was 
 difcovered by a certain Maid. Upon the Aventinojiercuks ViBor had 
 a Temple, which is now called the Church of Santi Akxii. 
 
 Bbb 
 
 The 
 
200 
 
 The Hiflory of J T ALT, Part II. 
 
 ifoam&iff&fafmfon 
 
 The Hott Houfes or Bathes which flood upon 
 the AVENT1N0. 
 
 THe Hot houfes or Bathes of Deem the Emperour called Deci- 
 ane t were near Santa prifca, formerly a Temple of Hercules, 
 1 whereof as of the enfuing great ruines yet remain.; Thofe called 
 \Variane (food near Saint Alexius. And thofe of Tra)an , with his Pa- 
 lace on the fartheft part of the Aventino in the Vineyard of Francijci 
 Albertini, a Roman Citizen . 
 
 The* Kemoria 3 yet retains its antient name. Twas heldaninau- 
 fpiciousplacebecaufeinthebloudof Remus was unhappily begun 
 the City .- who was there (lain by a wicked man with a Pickax at the 
 command of Romulus, and interred in the fame place.the Via Remoria 
 extends it felf from the Circo Maximo over the top of the Aventino 
 jufttothat Fabrick of Pope Paul the 3d. wherewith he fortified 
 the City. 
 
 Here (lands the Sepulchre of Cacus 3 of whom they make 
 mention in the Fables of Hercules , which is a fharp broken ftose in 
 ihemidft of the Church Santa Maria Aventina, where alfo was anti- 
 ently a Temple of Hercules. 
 
 At this Precipice, were the Furc£ Gemonte , to which Malefactors 
 were dragged with Iron hooks, and there inhumanelyflain , hither 
 the Emperour Vitellius 3 with an Iron hook fixed under his Chin, and 
 his Cloths torn of to his Buttocks was dragged, andilainby the 
 command of Vefpajian , for having put to death Sabinus 3 VeJpaffans 
 Brother, 
 
 The Porta Trigemina though very antient , remains yet almoft en- 
 tire at the Foot of the Aventino near the Tyber in the Vineyard, to 
 which the Baths of Trajan are annexed. 
 
 This Gate was called Trigemina , from the three twin Brothers , 
 called Horatii , who marched out at that Gate, when they went to 
 fi ght for the Liberty of their Gountrey, againft the three Brothers 
 Curatii Albani , which Albani being flain with two of the twin Bro- 
 thers Horatii , the third returned triumphant. 
 
 The Dioclefian Granaries of the Roman people were repaired and 
 augmented by Dioclefian the Emperor, from whom they took their 
 name. They ftood between the tyber and the Monte Tejiaceo, they 
 confifted of 1 50 feveral apartments, and their mines appear like a 
 Fortrefs in the Vineyard of Julio Cefarino a Roman. 
 
 Monte Tefiaceo ftands near them , which was raifed by the pieces 
 1 of Potters Veffelsjthere caft by the Potters whofeftreets were there, 
 which place was affigned for that ufe that they might not throw 
 them into the Tyber fox fear of flopping the current and diverting the 
 ft ream to their greater damage, nor caff them into the Fields to 
 obftruct the fertility thereof. Whence it grew to the heigth of 
 
 160 foot 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 101 
 
 1 60 foot and two miles in compafsSome,(but foolifhlyjcall it Monte 
 diogniTerra, ridiculoufly fabling their con je&ures, that this Mount 
 was raifed by the Veflels of feveral Nations wherein they brought 
 their Tributes to Rome, which Veflels they fay they were comman- 
 ded to caft in that place in perpetual remembrance of that their 
 fubje&ion. In old time the Circus olimpicus comprehended all that 
 fpace which the Monte Tejiaceo, takes up now 
 
 The Pyramid of C. Cejiius septemvirs or she feventhoftheEpi. 
 cures or gluttons, remains yet entire neare the Porta oftienfe, within 
 the City Walls,being built with white Marble,in great iquare ftohes 
 and although the Inscription names only C. cefiim 3 yet tis believed 
 to have been the common burying place of all the Septemviri Epuloni 
 whofe charge was to fee that the Feafts , the Banquets, the folemni- 
 ties, and facnficesof the Gjds were ftri&Iy obferved. 
 
 LaPortaOjiienfe, (now named diSan Paulo) was built by^»c«/ 
 Martins, and called qfiicnfe, becaufe through it lies the way to Ojiia. 
 Without which gate ftands the Church dedicated to San&opaulo a 
 mod fplendid Church, One of the feaven principal of Rome, and 
 much frequented by the people. Therein ftand four rankes of vaft 
 Marble Coliumnes which fupport it. They arc excellently wrought 
 mDorick.Jonickj Jtticl^and Corinthian works,nor is there any Church 
 in Rome Replenifht with fo many Pillar?, nor garnifhed with fo po- 
 lite and exquifite Marble ftones , which were tranflated from the 
 two Porta' s qjlienfes The one of Nero, the other of Antoninus. Some- 
 what beyond which ftands another Church , called the TreFontane, 
 An antient Temple before whofe portal rife manypretious Pillars 
 of Porphyr ftone, which fhine with various Colours: within are 
 (hewed three foutces of Fountains , whofe waters are efteemed holy 
 and falutiferous for many infirmities , they believe, thefe Fountains 
 to fpring miraculoufly at and ever fince the time that Saint Pauls 
 head was cut off by the command of Nero the Emperour in that 
 place. 
 
 TheVifitationof the aforenamed particulars, being exa&ly per- 
 formed will be fufficient for the firft day. 
 
 ij-.dic 
 
 m. 
 
 
 The fccond dayes Journey in perufing the 
 noted things of R M E. 
 
 ENtring from Borgo into the City by the Bridge Cajiello } you meet 
 a way which divides it felf in two, on the right hand towards 
 theTyber goes the Strada Julia jn which the houfe of the Cevali ftands 
 worthy a view,and in the other ftreet near the Eancbi t is the houfe of 
 the Cardinal S/orz>a,replenifhtwith Antiquities, noble Piftures,and a 
 Library of Greek Manufcripts. 
 
 Mia Pace in the houfe of Lancellotto Lancellotti, a Gentleman, are 
 many rare antiquities. Bbb 1 A? 
 
TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part 1 1. 
 
 At the end of thePanone are the ample houres.4rM»<e,in whofe Angle 
 is feated That Statue of Pafquin, the moft famous of all that City 
 yea of all the World. This fome fuppofetobemadefjorHem//?.r, 
 others for Alexander the great : but there is no certainty of either , 
 though it appear the woikemankip of fomerare Astift. 
 
 In former times they were wont to load this Image with Libels a- 
 againft thePrinces,Cardina!s and famous Men , and noble Matrons 
 and fometimes againft the Pope.- but now left offbecaufe of the fe- 
 vere prohibitions, fince when though they dare not fix them to the 
 Pafquino, yet ftill they vent their reproofs and fcandals under fome 
 other fpecious pretence, publifhing them fome other way by the 
 name o£ Pafquinata. Antonio Tibaldeo a Ferrarianjae'mg no lefs learned 
 than Venerable, reports this ftory of thisftatue: That there was in 
 Rome a certain Taylour well known in his trade and good at his oc- 
 cupation 3 called Pafquino, whofe fhop ftood in this ftreet : 
 this man was well cuftomed by Prelates ^ourtezans and other people,; 
 who reforted to him for their Payments , This Taylor employed 
 great number ofjourneymen,who like vile perfons fpent a!l the day 
 their tongues freely fpeaking ill of this & that perfon not fparing a- 
 ny, taking occafion from what they oblerved in thofe perform whrch 
 reforted to their fhop 3 the conftant cuftome of Hindering in that 
 fhop made it become ridiculous even to the perfons offended ,e- 
 fteeming thoferafcals unworthy of any credit, and fo no other re- 
 gard was had to it. Whence it came to p-ifs afterwards, that if any 
 perfon would defame another he did it under covert of Mafter Tap- 
 quino > faying he had heard fay fo in his fhop, which relation caufed 
 all the InterefTed perfons in thatreproach,not to make any more ac- 
 count of it. This reverent gentleman Pajquino being dead,it hap- 
 pened that in paving the ftreet , this ftatue was found half buried 
 and broken near his fhop, which becaufe twas incomodious for the 
 paffage to leave it there, they erefted juft at the fhop of Mafter Taf- 
 qn'mo- whence the back- biters (taking a good occafion ) reported 
 that Mafter Pafquino, was returned again and not having courage e- 
 nough to own the abufes they put upon others , they ufed to fallen 
 their Scrolls to that ftatue^ prefuming; that as twas lawfull for Mar- 
 co pafquino to fpeak any thing, fo by means of thisftatue they might 
 fcandalize others with fuch things, as in the light and bare faced 
 they durft not own. This Cuftome continued long till at laft twas 
 prohibited with fevere penalties. 
 
 Near hereto is the great Pallace of the Chancery, built by the 
 Travertin:^ in a fquare form with the ftones tranflated from the Am- 
 phitheater of Titus VejpaJianHs , which was called Colifeum , which 
 Theatre the Popes would not permit to be wholly deftroyed, but 
 left feme part in its firft Luftre,that by it might appear the fplendour 
 of the whole,as a teftimony of the magnificence of the#0/*M#Empire. 
 In it ftands one great Image of Bacchus, wrought by Michael Angelo 
 Eonarota , at his firft arrival at Rome , when he fought to deprefsthe 
 Fame of Raphael SanBius of Vrbin 3 which he brought in feriour 
 to his own reputation by his Art and policy. Two other great fta- 
 tuesoneof Ceres, and the other of Opes as is believed. And on the 
 upper part are fixed certain heads, as of Axtonius pius t Septintius Seve- 
 rus 3 Titus, Domitianus Auguflus, and Geta the Emperours, of a Sabin 
 
 Woman 
 
 I 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 1S9 
 
 Woman, of Tyrrhus King of the Epirots of Cupid and a Sword Play-' 
 er. 
 
 Thence not far diftant (lands the Piazza delDma, wherein is the 
 faireft Pallace in Rome, built with exceffive coft by Pope Paul the 3d 
 aF amebian , It abounds with fo many antiquities that to fpeakdi- 
 ftin&ly of them , would fill up a volume : we will therefore pa fs 
 briefly over them, as now they remain, many things having been 
 changed in later times. 
 
 For theArchitefture tis enough to fay Michael Angelo Bonarota^had 
 a chief part therein, and for the Materials, better could not be had 
 then were employed in it, which were brought from the Amphithe- 
 atre: As to the ftatues, 
 
 Two of Hercules ftand in the Court, famous for their workman- 
 fliip and antiquity , the lelTer whereof is moft commended; One of 
 Jupiter lonante, with two immenfe fword players, the one having 
 the Scabbard of his fword hanging at his fhoulder,and with his right 
 foot kicks the Target) the murrion,and the ground , the other holds 
 behind him a boy dead in bis hand : But that which furpafleth all 
 ftatues is the Tauro Farnefe, a Bull with five perfons bigger than the 
 natural 9 cut to wonder, outof one ftone by Apollonius and Taurifcus 
 of Rhodes, whence twas conveighed and placed in Antoninush'is Bath 
 whereabout one hundred years fince twas dugg up as entire as if 
 made but yefterday, and nowftandsin this Pallace aftonifhing all 
 that behold it. 
 
 In the afcent on the flayers, you fee one ftatue of the Tyber, ano- 
 ther ofoceanuspxxd at the top of two barbarous prifoners in their old 
 habits. 
 
 In the Rooms above, who delights in Piftures and Sculpture will 
 meet enough to occupy his whole fancy. As the Pictures of Francefco 
 Salviati, and Tadeo Zucchero,both which are much applauded,dra wa 
 as if they were taking the frefh ayr .- And in a Gallery which is as 
 noble as well painted by the Brothers carazzi Bolonia, painters of 
 great Fame, you will find many antient heads of fignal perfons as of 
 Lyjfa, Euripides, Solon , Socrates, Diogenes, Genone, Tcjjidomo , and Se- 
 neca, with the noble ftatues of Ganimede, Antinoo, of Bacchus ; fome 
 fairVefIels,and the ftatues of Meleager, which deferves a name by it 
 felf for its great price,being efteemed worth five thoufand Crowns 
 then which no ftatue in Rome is more entire. No People under the 
 Sun give fo great prices for ftatues as the Romans : all which are fo 
 ftudious of thofe kind of Ornament?, that in acquiring them ,they 
 emuloufly ftrive which fhall exceed in coft or curiofity.In oneCham. 
 ber they fhew the Duke Alexander of glorious memory, having un- 
 der his feet the River Scalda or Scelda, with Flanders kneeling before 
 him, and behind Victory crowning him, all which ftatues are cut out 
 of one Marble ftone, bigger than the Life. There alfo are three doggs 
 caft rarely in Brafs. TheB;£/i0//>^«eofthisPallace,theMeddalsand 
 carved Toyes, aremoft famous things , but the Pictures of Raphael, ,' 
 and Titian are incomparable, nor are the Limnings lefle admira, 
 ble. 
 
 Oppofite to the Farneji live the heirs of Monfignior • d 'Acquigno , in 
 whole houfeare divers m{cx\$t\ox\s,zvi Adonis ^aVenus of four thoufand 
 Crowns price, a Diana begirt with a Quiver of Arrowes a Bow in 
 
 Ccc her 
 
19° 
 
 The Hiftory of IT ALT, Part 11, 
 
 her runa like a huntrefs , and a ftatue of Bon Evento holding a look- 
 ing glalle m the right hand^and in the left a Garland of Ears of Gorn 
 an abfolute Piece, wrought by Traxitelis. 
 
 Adjacent to the Campo di Fiore , ftands the Palace of the Cardinal 
 Capo di Ferro, much lefs than the Farnejian Pallace , but in fplendor 
 a nd Architecture no whit inferiour. In the Frontifpiece is painted 
 *he fpring time : ThePrefidentof thefpringis/ / e»».r, (which was 
 drawn to the fimilitude of the Body oiLivia Coluffina.fi moft beautiful 
 PrinccfsJ& whatever is there reprefented is amorous:TheComplex- 
 ion of the men is fanguine, and all are marked with the Element of 
 Ayr. So in the other fronts, are expreffcd the complexions Chol- 
 ler, Melancholy, andPhlegme, the Elements Fire, Water, and 
 Earth, the feafons Summer, Autumne, and Winter, andthePrx- 
 fidingGods, Mar s, Saturn , and Janus, which are moft absolutely 
 performed, and were the work ot Michael Angela , with whom this 
 Cardinal contracted a moft intimate Friend (hip 5 and being no lefs 
 liberal than Jngenious obtained of him, what ever fo rare an Artift 
 could pollibly invent, among the reft a fecret conclave wherein ma- 
 ny things are expreft with the higheft Art and perfection. 
 
 Thehoufe of the Orjini, \ntheCampodi Fiore, which was raifed 
 out of the ruines of the Potnpeyan Theatre, is erabellilht with many 
 good ftatues in the Courts. 
 
 The Temple of Saint Angelo in Fefcaria , was formerly of Juno Kg- 
 gina, which being burnt, was reftored by Septimius Severus and Mar- 
 cus Aurelius the Emperors, as the old Title there to be read verifies : 
 near which are fome of the Pillars taken from the Portico of Septimius 
 Severus dedicated to Mercury. 
 
 At the Tower Citrangole, ftands the houfe of the heirs of Gentile 
 Delfino, which Gentleman had more meddals than any otherPerfonin 
 Rome,znd hisGarden filled with infcriptions.-In them ftands a Statue 
 of Canopo placed in the form of a Water Pott, before whofe breaft 
 they have prepofed aTablet filled W\thHier6gliphicl{\ett&vs,by which 
 tis believed the feciet Myfteries of the Sacrifices are delivered : In 
 Farionezt the houfe of the Maximi may be feen a Cohjffus, which vuk 
 garly is thought to be the ftatue of PyrrkusKiag of the Epirots armed, 
 bought alongtimefinceby the Maximi of Angelo for two thoufand 
 Crowns as alfo a Marble head of Julius c<ejar,-with many other things 
 worthy confideration. 
 
 In the houfe of the Lent allaCiambellafire many noble ftatues late- 
 ly brought thither from the Porta'di S. Bajiiano ,to wit an Adonis , a 
 Venus, a Satyr, and many excellent heads , where in an old Pile was 
 found an entire purple Garment with fome rings and other notable 
 things. Near which ftands the houfe of Cardinal Paravicino, aSig- 
 nor of ncble Qualities, who much delights in Pictures, whereof and 
 thofe good too he ha th not a few. Contiguous with which ftands the 
 houfe of the Pallet, wherein was erected a fquare Marble ftone, with 
 zSolar Horofiope,and the Zodiac^figDes t vfhe\e thedayesand howers of 
 every Moneth were denoted, and whatever the Anthjnts were wont 
 toobferveaswellin the facrifices of the Gods, asintheCountrey 
 affairs , as fully as our Calenders now exprefs them .• but this with 
 divers other Rarities, by the inftability of its Patrons, were amo- 
 ved, and fuch as they left remaining(fbr what reafon we guefs not) 
 obfcured. On 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 On the Afcent of the Campidoglio d wels il Signor Lelio Pafqualino a 
 Canon of Santa Maria Maggiore, a Gentleman of polite learning,and 
 exquifite manners, where the ftudious of Antiquities are freely ad 
 mitted to glutt themfelves with the moft curious things in Rome as 
 feleft Meddals, rare carved works , Implements, and Habiliments of 
 Antiquity in great number. In fumm in his houfe are a Treafure of 
 thofe things, and he hath obfervedin this kind more than a man 
 can poffibly behold in one day.- ifheberefolvedtopublifhhisob- 
 fervations for the pnblick good of the lngenioji , tis certain that a 
 pureand naked index of the Antiquities which he hath collected, 
 would alone advance the ftudious of good Letters no lefs in facred 
 then Profane Learning. 
 
 On the left hand of the Campidoglio jz ifes it felf a Temple and the 
 Monaftery of the Francifcans called Araceli, to which they afcend 
 by 1 24 marble fteps diftinguifhed into five degrees; The Temple is 
 fupported by two ranks ot Marble Pillar s on both fides,then which 
 the world affords not a more fumptuovs,the Vatican fet apart : This 
 Temple in old time was dedicated to Jovi Feretrio by Romulus after 
 the Sabyn warr, becaufe in that place Jupiter gave affiftance to the 
 King then opprefled with the violence of his Enemies On the left 
 hand upon the third Pillar is engraven thefe words A Cubkuh Au- 
 gujhorum, and in other places of the Church, are two ftatues of 
 Conjiantine and Maximinian, and at the two horfes of Cajiori fet at 
 the top of the fteps, is reprefented a f air profpettive from the en- 
 trance to the inward part. 
 
 In the Piazza of the Campidoglioftands a great ftatue of Marcus An- . 
 relius Antoninus, or as others think of Lucius Verus, of Septimus , of 
 Metdlus on horfeback,t was transferred hither from San cio Latera- 
 no 9 by order of Pope Paul the third a Farnejian. 
 
 Near the Pallace rife great ftatues of Rivers, to wit of the hyle, 
 with a Sphinx under it, of the Tygre t with a Tyger near, both having 
 their heads bedecked with flowers brought from the R.ivers,and a- 
 nother great ftatue,by fome thought to reprefent the Rhene a River 
 of Germany, by others to be an Image of "Jupiter Panarius ,becaufe the 
 Romans freed themfelves from the fiege of the French by cafting 
 bread into their Tents: This Statue is called Marforio, and by 
 means of it they ufe to anfwer to the flaunders of Pafaui- 
 no. 
 
 Upon a collateral ftayer.Cafe ftandsa Columne called Miliaria 
 upon which are engraven two inscriptions the one ofVefpafian the o- 
 therof Nero Emperours. 
 
 In the Pallazzo deiConfervatori are many things worth a view, among 
 others alyonholdnig a horfe with his teeth,whofe miraculous work' 
 manfhip Mic, Angelo was wont to cry up to the skies. Near it appears 
 a moft antient Tombe at the afcent upon the fteps,and a Pillar poin- 
 ted with Iron with its infcription,(according to the manner of thofe 
 antient timesj of C. Duiljojn honour of whom ( having overthrown 
 the Carthaginians') this was erected. Hereof many Authors make 
 mention. Beyond which are certain tablets engraven, with the Tri- 
 umph oiAurelms , and a facrifice made by him, and at the entrance 
 of the Gate are carved in Marble the Meafures or fcapnings of the 
 Greek and Raman Foot : by which you behold an old ftatue belie- 
 
 Gcc 1 ved 
 
 m 
 
ipz 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part 1 1, 
 
 vedfalflyof^riwiinagown.Inthe hall of the Confervatori ftands 
 a Hercules in brafs guilt , with his Club in the right hand , and one 
 of the Hefperian apples in the left,this was found in the Foro Boario in 
 the ruines of the Ara Maxima, A Satyr of Marble with the legs of a 
 Goat bound to a Tree :aStatue of Brafs upon a Marble Pillar of Juno 
 fitting picking a thorn out of her foot. With another figure ofbrafs of 
 a wolfe,giving fuck to Romulus and Remus. This was formerly kept 
 in the Cornicio, near the Ruminate, whence twasfirf^tranflatedto.? 
 Giovanni Laterano , and thence to the Campidoglio : Both thefe Fi- 
 gures having a general applaufe from all beholders. 
 
 Being entred into the Hall of the faid Pallace 9 you behold the lof- 
 ty feats(fo famous through the world)of the Magiftrates and the Ro- 
 man Triumphs: Thefe were tranflated hither from the Court 
 where they were found by Gommiffion of Paul the 3d. that 
 they might be viwed and confidered:lIpon the fubject of thofe feats 
 now fomewhat decayed and broken through Age, Cardinal Miebele 
 Silvio compofed certain fmooth verfes there to be read, Where alfo 
 you find an honourable memorial in marble of the deeds of the moft 
 illuftrious Alexander Farnefe, Son of Ottavio Duke of Parma , whofe 
 ftatue ftands in the fame placets alfo that of M Antonio Colonna, who 
 together with Giovanni d'Aujiria , obtained a glorious victory on 
 the Sea againft the Turks in the Curfolari : Together with fome great 
 ftatues of Popes , in a fitting pofture as twcregiving Benediction to 
 the People as of Leo the 10th. Gregory the 13th. Sixtus the 5th. all 
 welldeferversoftheChriftian Republiquej and other things giv 
 ing delight to the Spectator. 
 
 In the paflage from the Campidoglio, to the Rupe Tarpeia in view of 
 the Piazza Montanara, ftood the Temple of Jovis optimi Maximi , 
 which was the largeft Temple cfiRome, built by Tarquinius rrifcus,aad 
 adorned&inriched by Tarquinius Super but, with the expence of forty 
 thoufandpound of Silver. 
 
 
 The Defcent from the Campi 
 Capitoll. 
 
 or. 
 
 FRom the Campidoglio or Capitol, you go down into the Foro Roma 
 no , which is the fpace of ground from the Arch of Septimius 
 to the Church of Santa Maria Nuova. At the foot of the Campidoglio, 
 you find the Triumphal Arch of L. Septimus Severus entire , faving 
 that fome part is under ground , the Earth being raifed by vaft ru- 
 ines of ftruftures : it hath Infcriptions on both fides, with the War- 
 like Expeditions made by that Emperor by Sea and Land. Here Ca- 
 millus built a Temple & dedicated it to the Goddefs Concordia,when 
 he had reconciled theGommon people to the Senate,whofe alfo was 
 that of Juno Moneta 9 afcendedby one hundred fteps : 'Twas cal- 
 led Junone Monet a , becaufe it prxmonifhcd , and ad vifed Romans , 
 
 with 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROM E. 
 
 with an intelligible voice, that the Galli Senones, were coming upon 
 them. Thofe eight Collumnes there now being, on whofe Capitols 
 areinferibed thefe words Senatus Populusque Romanus incen c [\o cori- 
 JumpUtm ? refiitujf-) are the Keliquesot the faid Temple of Concor- 
 dia, wherein the Senate frequently aSTembled, and made their orai* 
 fons. 
 
 On the left part ot the defcent from the Campidoglio, lies the place 
 called Santto Pietro in Carcere,con fee rated by his holmeSs San silvelho 
 to San Pietro, becaufe he was there taken bound andimpriioned, 
 where a Feaft was wont heretofore to be folemnized thefirft 
 day of Augufi in remembrance of the Chains wherewih Saint 
 Peter was bound which was translated afterwards to Saw Vidro \x\Vin- 
 cula, in Monte Efquilie , the Prifoos were firft built there by Ancus 
 Martins, to which Servius Inllius annexed the Vaults or Sellers un- 
 der ground called lulliani Career cs , wherein (as Salttji writes) thofe 
 were Strangled who had given in their names to Catalmes confpi 
 racy. 
 
 The Church of Santa Martina (in whofe angle the Coloffits cf/lfar* 
 forii lies) was formerly confecrate to Mars Vitcr the Revenger. Au« 
 gujius built and dedicated it after the rhdippenjian Warrin Yharfa- 
 lia:(bme fay,That in this Church was the fecret place where theAdrs 
 of the Senate were kept.In it is a Title made in the times oVihco l,ji- 
 us and Honorins the Emperors. 
 
 Next unto it is the Church of Santo Adriano, antiendy the Tem- 
 ple of Saturn, built or rather reftorcd by Manutio llanco, beirig firft 
 dedicated by Minutio Si. Sempt onio the Confuls.-This was the Exche- 
 quer of Rome, wherein the publique Treafury was preferred as we 
 read that in the time ofScipio Emdianus it had in it eleaven thoufand 
 pound weight of pure gold s and ninety two thoufand pound weight 
 of filver,belide an infinite quantity of coyned money?. Here alfo the 
 Tabula Elephantine werelayed up, wherein the numbers of the 35 
 tribes of Rome, were recorded : as alfo the Military Enfigncs , the 
 Decrees ofthe Senate, the publickActs, with thefpoilsof the Pro- 
 vinces and conquered Nations. 
 
 'Tis fuppofed that Santa Maria Liberatrice, was a Temple dedica- 
 ted to Venus Generatrix, It Stands at the Foot of the Palatine, thofe 
 three hollow Pillars fome believe to be thofe before the foot of the 
 Ponte aureo of Caligula,v/h\ch was Supported by 8oPillars,made with 
 incredible coSt , over which they palled fiom the Pallace to the Ca- 
 pitoll. 
 
 The Pillar at Santa Maria Liber atr ice , is one of tFofe upon which 
 was placed the golden Statue by Domitian,near which Stood the Sta- 
 tue ofthe River Rhene , now called Jlfarforio and is in the Catnpido- 
 glio, Ere&ed by Domitian for that that Em peror triumphed over the 
 Germans. 
 
 Near it was the Temple of Concord, with that of Julius C<efar on 
 its right hand,and that of Paulm Amilms on its left hand,whoft ftra- 
 cture coft nine hundred thoufand Crowns. 
 
 Thofe high wals which are beheld at the Foot ofthe Palatine are 
 part of the Rofiri Kuovi, which were So called for that there 
 they fetled the Roftra or ftemm of their Galleys.- here now is the 
 Vineyard of Cardinal iarneje. There Cicero frequently made his O- 
 
 Ddd rations 
 
 m 
 
194- 
 
 ~~ ThQ ^aoryofTTALT, Part II. 
 
 rations , there the Fathers aflembled and made Laws, and there the 
 head and hand of Cicero (which wrote his PhilippickOrations)were 
 fixed to a Spear by command of Antonius the Triumvir, whofe 
 difhonourable deeds are therein declaimed againft. The KofiriVw 
 chie, were in the Corn Hojiilia, near the place of the Council which 
 touched the Church Santa MariaNuova, which place is called Comi- 
 tin as much as to fay a place to retire themfelves together in • fdr 
 here the fenate and People of Rome affembhd to treat of the affairs 
 of the the Common-Wealth .• and there is built now the holy houfe 
 of SanSa Maria de inferno. 
 
 The Temple of San Lorenzo in Miranda, ftands in theruines of the 
 Temple of Faujiina and of Antonio, where we find this Infcription 
 Divo Antonino, & Diva FanJiif/£S. C As alfo twelve fair Pillars,near 
 which flood the Arch of Fabius, znd the covering of the Palace, which 
 was called Libone. 
 
 The Piazza of Julius C<efar , extended from the Temple Faujiina 
 to that of Santa Maria but at the Piazza of Augustus the Church of 
 Santo Adriano, in Trefori, is con joyned with it , And in that of Am. 
 gufius, were certain Porticues and in them ftatues of illuftrious Men 
 fet up by Augujius who lived in the houfe of Livia , in the Via Sacra. 
 The Temple of SantiCofmo and Damiano, was antiently dedicated 
 to C^rand Pollux which fome alledge without foundation to be 
 the Temple of Romulus and Remus. 
 
 The Temple of Peace, begun bydaudius and finifhed by Vefpaji- 
 an, was moft magnificent and ftately, of whofe moft highftru* 
 dure fome reliques yet remain not far from the Church of Santa Ma, 
 ria Nova, and one Pillar yet entire,the higheft and biggeft of allRome 
 In the gardens of Santa Maria Nova,appear yet two high round cour-? 
 fes of two antient Temples of the Sun and Moon , which fome will 
 have to be of IJis & Straps .There Tat/us built a Temple to Vnlcan^nd 
 in that quarter JEfculapius alfo had a Temple, and Concordia, built 
 by Fulvius in anno 303. after the erecting of the Capitol.- Out of 
 which Temple of Concordia, tis thought Vefpaftan afterwards 
 raifed that of Peace, tranflating to it moreover many ornaments 
 from the Temple of Solomon , after he had deftroyed Jerufa~ 
 km. 
 
 Not far diftan t from the Via facra, ftands the Marble Arch of Titus 
 Vefpafian, wherein are carved the pomp of the Triumph, and the 
 fpoyls brought from Jemfalem at the overthrow of the Jemes, as the 
 Ark of the Covenant the Candleftick for the feaven Lights , The 
 Table whereon they fet the bread of the Propofition or the wbread 
 The Table of the ten Cominandements delivered by God to Mofes, 
 and the facred Vefiels all of pure gold, ufed in the facrifices by the 
 Hebrews, befides which the Triumphal Chariot of the Emperor is 
 carved thereon with this Infcription. 
 
 Senatus Populufque Romanus Divo Tito, 
 DiviVefpatianiF. Vefpafiano Augujh. 
 
 The Foro or Court di Ner va is alfo called Trattjitorio, or the paffage 
 becaufe through it they pafTed into the Foro Romano, and in that of I 
 ^4ugufto 9 where ftands the Arco di Noejo called corruptly by the Val-f 
 
 gar 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 garftood the noble Picture di Nerva, where in Fret work are thefe 
 words. Imperator Nerva C<efar Auguftus Font, lib. Font. //. imp. II 
 procons. The Fragments of this Arch are yet extant between the 
 Church Saint BaJilio^Bz the Towerfor the Militia.Near it rifeth a cer- 
 tain fquareftructure called by thevulgar Studiolo di Virgiliofk they ri- 
 diculoully fable,That thePoet was hung out of it by a certain whore 
 for a fpecracle to the People one whole day. Which to revenge (tir- 
 g//( Who ftudied the Magick Arr)efTected that the Fire in the whole 
 City was extinguished, and all the people forced to give fire to their 
 Candles and Lights at the flames which were raifed ferfhamingef 
 theStrumpers.This fable is painted every where but without an Au- 
 thor: Nor is it likely any fuch thing could happen to that great Fir 
 gil t who for his continency was called Farihemus. If any thing in 
 this Fable be true I fuppofe twas writ of fome other Virgil a Magician 
 by whom the Heapolitanes fpeak alfo many things to have been per- 
 formed i among others that by the Magick Art he hollowed the 
 Mountain Fofylipum and made it penetrable,the Sepulchre of VirgUii 
 erected near this famous Cavern. 
 
 Near the Temple of Peace is that of the Santi Cofmo and Damiano , 
 which was the Court of Romulus t where the Senate congregated 
 when they had any important affair to coniult about ; It was whol- 
 ly burnt, when they burned the body of Yublnis Claudius, flain by T. 
 Atmione Milone, with the Bajllica F ortta near it , which Marco Fortio 
 C atone the Cenfor reared a top of the houfe ot Mevio. There was alfo 
 another Court in JlionteCelio^wheie now ftands the Church confecra- 
 tcd toSanto Gregori. 
 
 MONTE PALAT1N0. 
 
 THis Hill was inhabited many yeers before the building of Rome 
 and there when at itsgreateftfplendour, did the Emperors 
 and other, great Perfonages for a long time refide, but now tis over- 
 whelmed with Ruincs , and fo great aDevaftation,that tis themoft 
 uninhabited Placeof Rome: befides itsDefert uncouthnefs and 
 Thorns,afFording nothing of good more than a little Church of Saint 
 Nicholo, fome Cottages,and a Vineyard of Cardinal Farneje. There- 
 on of old ftood thefe ftately Temples following to wit , one dedi- 
 cate toVittori* built by C.Pofthumius the JEdtle, Another to Apollo 3 wch 
 being deftroyed, was afterwards reftored by Augujius C£Jar } to grea- 
 er beauty, with the addition of that Porticue, whofe reliques yet 
 remain more entire than any other in Rome , a third to the Peaati 
 brought thither by JEneas, and honoured with much reverence: 
 
 Others to the Gods Lari t to Faith^ to *]ove ViBorius, to Heliogaba- 
 lus , to Oreo and many ot herGods, of whole Temples not any ima- 
 ginable Vejiigia are now extant: And thofe magnificentPalaces of the 
 Cefars 8 larquinius Prifcus the King,of Cicero who bought his Pallace 
 of Craffus for 50 thoufand Crowns •■ of Marcus Fi.tecur which ftood 
 neer that which was bought by Cicero , whereof Q. Catullus made a 
 great Lodge. 
 
 That part of the Palatino which lies towards the Arch of T. Vefpafi. 
 an t is called Germano, from the Twyn Brothers Romulus and Remut , 
 
 Ddd 2 there 
 
\<?6 
 
 TheHifloryofJ^^ L T, Part IL 
 
 there brought up by Faujiulus the Shephcard whofe habitation was 
 in that place •• the fpace from thence to the Arch of Cnnjlantine the 
 [Great was called Vela , for that there the Shepheards dwelt s whofe 
 cuftome was to fleece or pluck the Wool from off the fheep(whence 
 they were called in Latin Vellera, Fleeces of Wool)bcfore the way of 
 (hearing wa9 invented. 
 
 Towards Santa Maria Nova, scaurur had a noble Palace with an 
 Open gallery fupported withPillars forty foot high without the ba- 
 fes or capitol. 
 
 The great Palace Gregoflaci, wasfo denominated, for that there 
 they uiually entertained the Embafladors of divers Nations: Here 
 Quintus Flaminius dedicated a flatue to Concordia, when he had re- 
 conciled the People to the Senatc,or rather the Senate to the Peo- 
 ple. The Church Sant'Andrea, in Fallaria, is the oldTemple,where- 
 in the Palladium and Penati, which JEneas brought with him from 
 Troy into Italy were at firft placed , but afterwards tranfported into 
 theTemple oiVefia , and the charge of them committed to the Veftal 
 Virgins. Near it flood the houieof Valerius Pubhcola^ which for 
 fome fufpicion raifed among the People, they levelled with the 
 ground in one night. 
 
 On that part of the Palatine to wards Monte Celio y flood a Temple 
 of Cibele called alfo Dindimene and Ope y The Image of which God- 
 defs was tranfkted from Ida a Place in Pbrygia to E ome , and reve- 
 renced with great devotion. On that part refpedting the Aventino, 
 was the houfe wherein Augujius Cafar was born , whole ruins yet a- 
 ri fe to a vaft altitude .• to which was adjoyned a Temple of Apollo , 
 upon whofe top was fixed a golden Chariot of the Sun, cfwhich 
 fome fragments are yet in being, as alfo a Library, called Palatina: 
 Wherein flood a ftatue of Apollo , as Mafter of the Chorus among the 
 Mufes raifed 50 the noble work of Scopa, It may be conje- 
 ctured that the Baths of Palatini lay in the Vinyard of Thomafo F&- 
 dra y a Roman Gentleman towards the Arco Majfimo t approaching 
 which were the Curia of the Sahi t and Auguri, with other Fabricks, 
 into thefe Baths by an Aqueduct, rann a ftreamof the Aqua Clau- 
 dia. 
 
 At the foot of Mount Palatine, to wit at the Pillars of the Gallery 
 of Caligula, is a round Fabrick,being the Church S. 7 heodojtus t which 
 was at firft built and confecrated to Jupiter fiator, by Romulus, about 
 the time of the Sabyn warr , when the Romans turned tail, and run- 
 ning away , were by the entreaties of Romulus perfwaded to face 
 their Enemies, and receive Victory, fome fay that this was not the 
 Temple of Jupiter Stator, but that it was the ruins of the old Court 
 which flood near the Temple of Concordia. 
 
 Leaving the Temple of Janus guadnfrons, and the Foro Boario, in 
 the e'efcent to the Circo Maximo 3 you meet a hollow place into which 
 out of certain Pipes run copious waters , where the Women wafh 
 theirLinnen^ tis faid that here were the Fountains of the Nimph 
 Junturna in Velabro , now called Fonti S. Georgii. The Vault which 
 appears contiguous with a great Arched common Shoar , was built 
 by Tarquin , for reception of the Channels and Filth of the Citty, 
 with a commodious conveyance thence into the Tyber. Which Arch 
 wasfo ample, that a Cart and Horfes might conveniently paile 
 1 tho- 
 
 I 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 5 97 
 
 thorow it. Weread that the Cenfors fometime fouldthe Filth of 
 this Vault and fink for the fatning the Fields about, to certain per- 
 fons for 600000. Crowns , which when twas told the Emperor, he 
 anfwered. 
 
 Odor Lucri bonus ex re qualibei. 
 
 Now tis called cbiaviea 9 CldCe by which lies the Lago curtio,aLake 
 fo denominated from C«rf7«Jwho threw himfelf and horfe armed 
 praecipitoufly into that Vorago , or opening of the Earth, that he 
 might avert the peftilential Ayr exhaling out of it, which infefted 
 Rome with a great contagion. There alfo grew the Grove of N»- 
 ma PompiliWj wherein he fpoke and treated with the Nimpbe Mgeria-, 
 from whom he learned the Ceremonies of the Sacrifices , and where 
 twas unlawfull for any one to fpit. In this place the Allies of the Gal- 
 li Senonet v/ere layed up, now tis called Doholi, from the Dolia or 
 earthen Veffels , wherein they put the Afhes of the (lain, to be 
 buried. 
 
 IheGIRCO MASSIMO, 
 
 OF all the Ornaments of the Citco Maximo fcarce any thing is to 
 be feen, more than the entire circumfcription of the place 
 
 whereby its amplitude is difcerncd: It lies between the palati»o y and 
 the Aventino , and is about half a mile long and three Acres broad 
 which fome fay was capable of 260 thoufandmen, others reftrain 
 it to one hundred and fifty thoufand. Here Romulus firft fet forth 
 the Confaulian Games to the God Confo t after the rape of theSabyn 
 Women. Tarquinius Trifcut defigned and Tarquinius Superbus built the 
 place, for the celebration of the Circenftan game?, and other Sola- 
 ces for the People , which Augujius adorned, Caius amplified t Traj an 
 repaired and augmented thetabrick, and Heliogabalus paved it,At 
 prefenttis all about in Gardens, but fome fteps and roofs of ljttle 
 eels remain , which are fuppofed to have been the Offices of the A- 
 ftors in the Games, or of fuch as uttered beer and other neceflaries , 
 to the People refortingto the (hews. Others think themtohaue 
 be en the ftews wherein the Whores dwelt, expofing their bodies to 
 fale for g&ine.Neptune had aTemple conjoined with thisCirc, where- 
 of fome ruines are yet to be feen incrufted with Fifh (hels. Where 
 the Church of S. Anajiati a ftands 3 were erefted two Obelisks, the] 
 one of which being 1 32 foot long without the bafes, was tranllated 
 by Sixtus the 5th. to the Vatican^ the other was 88. foot high.Augu- 
 jius tranfported both out of Mgypt^ for adorning the Circ: where- 
 in alfo was the Naumacbia for exercifing Sea-fights: a place now ccn- 
 fiffing of boggs and Reeds.- where alfo part of thole waters flowed 
 which by an Aqueduct were convcighed into the circ, called Aqua 
 Claudi£. 
 
 On the left hand rifes the Moles^ox vaft Fabrick ofSeptimius Severus 
 called Setti%onio i from its feaven floors , than whichnoftrucrurein 
 Rome was higher. The Emperor raifed it to that altitude , that it 
 
 E e e m 'ght 
 
TheHiftory of ITALY, Part II . 
 
 might be Obvious to fuch as fay led out of Afric\mto Italy: who fe- 
 iDg it, fliould adore his Allies layed up at the very top of it, be- 
 caufe himfelf was an Africanby birth. Of which immenfe Edifice 
 three Rafters now only continue , which through long antiquity 
 feemiogto nod, and threaten deftru&ion, Sfxfaf the 5th. caufedto 
 be levelled with the foundation to the great diffatisfa&ion of the Ro. 
 man people.One part of the Title Legible was this. 
 
 Trib. Font. VI. Cons.fortmatijjimus nobilijjimus. 
 
 The VIA AFPU. 
 
 THe Via Appia takes its beginning at the Arch Triumphal of Con. 
 Jiantine , and leading by the Settizonio of S«w»/,condu&es one 
 to the Baths of Antoninus, whence it paffed by the Porta Capena , to 
 the ruins of AlbaLonga, and thence to Brindefi. Blind Appius the 
 Senator gave name to it, paving it with rnoit hard flone to Ca- 
 pua, thence C<efar prolonged it, but Trajan repaired , enlarged and 
 compleated it, its reliques are yet to be difecrned, at Rome, Tiperno 
 and Monte Cincello. but that part of the Via Appia 3 which leads from 
 the Baths of Antoninus to the Porta Capena, is called the Via Nova, all 
 which was paved by AntoninufCaracalla,xvhtn he built his Baths,then 
 whichf except Dioclejians^none in Rome, are more perfed. Inthefe 
 Baths ftand Pillars of Serpentine Rone, and great Bathing places cut 
 out of Marble.- they were placed near the Church SanSiJio, in the 
 Aventino, and to them was ad joyned a Temple of Ijis, where now 
 is the Church dei Santo Nereo and Archiole: along the Via Appia rofe 
 many Temples of Gods, whereof no fragments are now ex- 
 tant. 
 
 The Porta Capena, was fo named from Capena, a City near Alba 
 Longa, the way whereunto lay through this gate, which was hIIo 
 caH/ed Cam£na from the Temple of Carnxna, that is to fay the Mufes 
 which was but a little eloigned from it : It was alfo called Trium- 
 phal becaufe through it, theScipioes entred the City triumphing, 
 and likewife Charls the 5th. the Emperor , entred by the fame into 
 Rotne, (Paulthe third then reigning, J when he came from his Victo- 
 ry over the Africans, At this day tis called Porta S. Sebaftiani , from 
 the Church confecrated to the fame Saint,which is two nules diftant 
 from the gate near the Ccemetery,of Calixtus. On each ude of this 
 way ly magnificent Sepulchres, in great number,yet almoft entire 3 as 
 alfo thefootfteps of Many Temples, though not exactly difcerna- 
 ble. 
 
 Here alfo remain s a certain round Fabrick, judged to be the Se- 
 pulchre of the Ceteghi, for in the titles maybe read on both fides 
 the name of the Family of Cetega, and not far from the City is feen 
 the River Almone, which running into Rome, commixes with the Ty- 
 ber under the Aventino. 
 
 That high round Mole on the right hand proves it felf to have/ 
 been the Sepulchre of the Scipid's by the inferiptions upon it. On ! 
 
 the' 
 
iPart II. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 \99 
 
 the left hand as you leave the Via Appia you meet the G hurch Dominc 
 quo vadifj the hiftory whereof is related before. The adjacent Fa- 
 brick is fuppofed to be the Sepulchre of the L*«#/,here,a s under di- 
 uers others are certain Vaults digg'd, and they divided in feveral for 
 the comodious difpofal of the Veifels andlirns con Mining the Alius 
 of theDefunft. The Brick wall is thought to be part of theTem. 
 pie of F annus and Syhanns. 
 
 On the right hand of the Church Saint Sebaftiano, ftands an en- 
 tire Temple but difpoiled of its ornaments , formerly dedicated to 
 Apolb, into which the Shepherds to prefer ve their Flocks, from 
 the heats of the day, and incomodities of the nights do often drive 
 them. 
 
 About forty paces farther in the adjacent fields , amongft thorn j 
 and brambles, in an obfcure place, is a fubterranean Cavern, whofe 
 entrance through the heaps of ftones is difficultly found, but when 
 entred,you behold Vaults built with good Art,on each fide of which 
 are long repositories, wherein the bodies of deceafed Chriftians, 
 whom twas not lawfull to bury fokmnly or openly were repofed. 
 In thefe Cavernes were the primitive Ghriftians wont to conceal 
 themfelves, to fly the Emperors raging perfecutions,now called 
 Stanze de Chrijiiani. 
 
 In the Temple of Saint Sebaftiano, they defcend by certain fteps 
 into the Gaves under ground , which are called Gatecombe. Where- 
 in in old time the Chriftians for fear of Tyrants ufually lay hid : in 
 thefe tis reported that forty Popes fuffered Martyrdome , and with 
 them one hundred feventy four thoufand Chriftians, as by the In- 
 fcription over the ingrefs clearly appears. The place is adored with 
 the higheft devotion , and its profundity and Darknefs creates no 
 fmall tear. Tis not poffible to find the way in without Torches and 
 Lights,nor fate to go tootk fro in the feveral divifions( which are like 
 a Labyrinth)without a good guide , Tis called Q&ntiteriojii Galijlo, 
 Among the Reliques in this Church they (hew the Prints or Foot- 
 ffepsof the Feet of Ghrift upon a ftone, which they fay were there 
 left by Chrift at his afcenfion into Heaven in the prefcnce of his 
 Difciples.Many other things are writ hereof by Onojrins ,and others. 
 On the fide of this Church is found a vaft round Temple fuppor- 
 ted by one hundred Marble Pillars confecrated to Mars Gradivus by 
 Sylla while he was Mdile % in it Audience was given to the Embafia- 
 dors of Enemies, by the Senate, to prevent their ingreis into the 
 City, leaft they mould make advantages of their admiffion as Efpi- 
 ahj they.report thegreater part of this Temple at the prayers of the 
 PopeSaint Stephen, to have fallen down, when by the command of 
 GalienrtSy he was there compelled to facrifice to Mars: Near hereto 
 they preferved the Stone Manale, which when the Romans would 
 obtain Rain they folemnly brought in proceffion into the Citty 
 Beyond that upon the Via. Appia, rifes the Walls of a fquare Gaftle 
 very entire : which fome believe to have been sinvejja, others Pa- 
 ntetia, but the moft to be credited averr it to be the stanza or abi- 
 ding place of the Praetorian Souldiers, within thefe walls is a fpatious 
 Concave. 
 
 Here on all fides ly huge Sepulchres , fome built in a fquare,others 
 in a round,a third fort in a Pyramid form, either with brick or Mar* 
 E e e 2 ble, 
 
200 
 
 The HiHory of IT ALT, Part II. 
 
 ble whofe infcriptions dcmonftrate . that they were erected for the 
 Metelli 9 AmoDg which a great ftruttureina round form feems the 
 moftconfpicuous, being raifed with fquared white marble ftones 
 to the bignefs of a Tower, hollow within and open at top , fo that 
 ftanding below one may fee the skies : Its walls are about 24. foot 
 thick, in whofe circuit are interwoven the heads of Bulls andOxen 
 cleared of the skin and flelh, as in their facrifices they ufed them, 
 between the garlands of Leaves aud Flowers. The heads amount to 
 the number of aoo. Sacrificed to the God Capo de Boi, and the An- 
 tiquaries will have, that at the famous Sepulchre of Cecilia Metella 
 a double Htcatembe was performed. At the Foot of the neighbou- 
 ring Hill, if you pronounce a whole heroick verfe , an admirable 
 Eccho returns it whole, and articulately for the moft part, and con- 
 fufed otherwhiles eight times anfwered .' In no place is heard fo rare 
 an Eccho, which is faid to be excited by artifice, that at the Fu- 
 neral of this Cacilia Metella, the ejaculations of the weepers and 
 the funeral houlings might immensely be mnltiplyed, while that 
 double Hccatombe was celebrating, and the Funeft duties perfor- 
 med in honour of that Matron. 
 
 In the next depreffed place , ly the mighty ruines of the Circe 
 Hipodromo , The ftructure hereof is attributed to BaJJiano Car acalla 
 raifed in the Place where Tiberius the Emperor, built the Stables for 
 the Fratorian bands: here the Souldiers exercifed themfelves in run- 
 ning, riding,and driving Chariots. 
 
 In the midft of the Area, lie certain fignesofthe places whence 
 the horfesrufhed out to their courfes, as alfo of Bafes , Statues,Al« 
 tars, and meets or bounds for the Courfes j round it are many 
 pictures, in the midft lies an Obelisk of fpeckled ftone called Gra- 
 nito t flat upon the ground broken in three pieces , carved allover 
 with Hieroglyphickf , branches with Leaves and animals. Tis fuppo- 
 fed that Sixtm the 5th. would have reared this as he did others had 
 not death fhortned his days. 
 
 Above the Circ rifeth an entire Temple four fquared, with Pil- 
 lars , and Corridores before it : Which as is fuppofed was dedica- 
 ted to the Dio Ridicolo, uppon this occafion : Hannibal having flain 
 40 thoufand Romans at the battail of Cann£, marched with his vi- 
 ctorious Army to the fiege of Rome , and pitched his Camp in that 
 v^ry place: where a diffufed Laughter being heard over his Camp 
 it caufed a prodigious fear, and that made him raife the Siege and 
 retreat to the Terra di Lavoro: which had he obftinatly continued 
 fome time longer, (having created fuch a confternation in the Citi- 
 zens)he had undoubtedly taken Rome with fmall difficulty : but as 
 Livy faies an African told Hannibal^ He knew how to obtain but not 
 how to make ufe of Viftory. Thus was Rome delivered from Hanni- 
 bal: and the Romans in commemoration of fo great a benefit received 
 from the God of Laughter, confecrated that Temple to the Dio 
 Ridicolojo. 
 
 ; Hence you muft return by three miles journey back to Rome, and 
 arrived at the walls enter by the Porta Latina, near whereto is the 
 Church S. Giovanni where tis faid the fame Saint was caft into boy- 
 ling oyl by the command oiDomitian, for which a feaft is alwaies fo- 
 llemnized in May, thence follow the ftreet to the P orta Gabiofa , (o 
 \ called 
 
iPartll. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 201 
 
 called, for that intending for the C\tty Gaba, you muft march out of 1 
 it where the Via Roma connexeth with the Prenejiina: as fometimes 
 the Via Appia unites with the hatina. 
 
 MONTE CEL10. 
 
 Leaving the Wall on the right hand of thePortaGabiofa t yoxi afcend 
 MonteCelio,vtch runs alongby the wall to the Porta Maggiore.Thh 
 Hill was antiently called guerquetulanoftom the multitude of Oaks 
 growing thereon, before the 1 ujcans inhabited it : to whom licence 
 was given to dwell in the Bourg7o/c<7, becaufe they marched under 
 their Captain Cloche Vibenna t totheaffiftanceof the Romans againft 
 their Enemies.On this Hill at this day refls no Antique thing of mo- 
 ment, more than the infinite ruines of Fabricks. One part of it isna 
 med Celiolo } where ftands a Church of Santo Giovanni Evangelijla, cal- 
 led ante Tortam Latinam , which was antiently a Temple facred to 
 Diana. On the top of the Celio, is a round Ghurch dedicated to S. 
 Stefano 3 by Pope Simplicio 9 from being a Temple v(Faunus 3 whofe 
 antiquity threatning deflru&ion, Nicholas the fifth repaired it, 
 and Gregory the thirteenth beautifyed it with Pictures of Martyrs 
 and Saints. 
 
 Curia Hofiilia flood where no w is Santi Giovanni and Paulo toward s 
 the Settizonio of Severn, built by Tullius HoJiilius } different from that 
 in the Foro Romano , Here the Senate afTembled for ffate af- 
 fairs. 
 
 The Church of S. Mariava Domenica is feated towards the Aven- 
 tino } and was reftored by Lwtheioth. here antiently flood the 
 Dwellings of the Albani , and near them the Aqueduct for the-<4- 
 quatfaudia, in the Arch whereof are engraven thefe words P£orn 
 R. F. Dolabella y Cof. C. Junius C. P. Silanus Flamen Martial. Ex S. C. Fa- 
 ciundum curavermt.ldemque Y rob aver unt. 
 
 By the fame Aqueduct: ftands a great Fabrick as a confervatory of 
 the Waters. 
 
 The CaJiraPeregrina flood in old time where the Church of Santi 
 quatro Coronati , was built by Pope Honor ius, and reftored by Yafchal 
 thefecond. InthofeCafllestheyufed to rendezvouz andaccom. 
 modate thePeople for Sea affairs, which AngnJlusuCed to keep in 
 the ordinary Fleet at Nifeno. Between the Port a Gabiuj G, and Celi- 
 montana abound great ruines of the Palace of Conjiantine the great 
 (called now S. Giovanni ) by which may be comprehended the mag- 
 nificent flate and fplendorof that Emperor. 
 
 San Giovanni in Laterano keeps its antient name built by Conjian- 
 tine the Great at the inflance of Pope Sylveficr lormerlythe Seat of 
 the Roman Pontifices at firfl called Fonr<e Fpjfcopi Bilhops ofrW/f 5 but 
 afterwards (induced thereunto by thepleafantnefsofthe Vatican 
 Hills Jthey tranflated their habitation thither, building a renowned 
 Palace near St. Peters Church. 
 
 Near the faid Church ftands ll Battifterio di Co»Jlantinc:o$an orbicu- 
 lar form fuflained by 8. porphyr Pillars : Report faith that Qonjian- 
 tine the Great labouring under a Leaprofie, at the periwafionsof 
 
 F f f his 
 
101 
 
 The Hiftor y of IT ALT, P art 11. 
 
 hisPhificians refolved to bath himfelf in the blood ol Infants, 
 and for that intent ere&ed this fumptuous ftru&ure : but being ad- 
 monished in a dream to bath himfelf in holy water in the name of 
 Jefus Chrift the true God, whom Helenahh Mother Avorfhipped,the 
 Emperor obeyed the Celeftial admonition, and was baptized in that 
 porphyr Font now in the faid Temple: For the truth hereof the 
 Reader is defired toconfult his ownthoughtrlt not being likely ,that 
 fo magnificent a ftrudture fhould be built and intended tor perpetra* 
 ting that notorious crime , which ihould rather be kept dole and 
 tacitely concealed,than publilbed with fuch vainoirentationjbefides 
 that Hiftorians fay he was baptized by the Hichomedian Bifhop,when 
 he arrived in Ajia t Boifardo thinks that the [aid Battijierio was rather 
 the Bath to the Lateran Pallace and the Form of the Fabrick indu- 
 ceth him and others to the fame belief.- But however it was tis moft 
 certain that Conjiantine the great, having profeft the Chriftian Re- 
 ligion, was baptized in this Church and the fame Babtijhry tis fhew- 
 ed to this day, and all converts to the Chriftian Religion, arethere 
 frill baptized. On the right hand ofitarecertainholychappels, and 
 therein preferved many pretious Marbles and fome Pillars convey- 
 ed hither from Jerufalent. 
 
 At the entrance of the Church San Giovanni Later ano } ftand many 
 fumptuous Tombs of Popes, and Altars wrought excellently with 
 Marble , upon the high Altar is the laft fupper of Chrift ingraven in 
 filverof great value, fetupby c/c«/e»*thefeaventh,who alforai- 
 fed , the great rich Organ, and that ftately Veftry fortheufe of 
 the Church. 
 
 Before the Chorus were four hollow brafen Pillars of Corinthian 
 work, which tis faid were brought from Jerusalem full of the holy 
 Earth where our Saviour was enterred , others fay thutSylla fetched 
 them from Athens, and others that Augujius cznied them to be caft 
 in Rome of the Beaks of theGalleys taken in the Actiackbattiil and in 
 memorial applyed to the Temple of Jupiter Capitolino. Furthermore 
 others fay that Vefpajian tranflated them with the other fpoils from 
 Jernfalem. Of late, Clement the 8th. caufed them to be guilt over , 
 and placed them on the high Altar, with a brafs Scutcheon guilt 
 and affixed to them,wherein his Arms are engraven. 
 
 Before Sixttts the 5th. reedified from the foundations the Latera- 
 nian Palace, there was a great hall, where the Pope with the Eccle- 
 fiajiical Synod of Cardinals and Arch-biihops rendred themfelves 
 when they were tomanageany fubftantial bufinefs. Thofe three 
 great marble Collumnes were fhipped from the Palace in Jerufalem, 
 here xheLateranenfeal cownkh were folemnized with theaffiftanceof 
 the whole Clergy. 
 
 TheScalaSanBa, contained 28 ftairs which ftood in PitatsHoute 
 the which Chrift afcended when he was whippsd,are transferred by 
 the Pope into another place where Chriftians frequent them and for 
 devotion creep up them upon t heir knees killing them. 
 
 Here were two porphyr chairs, whereof the Enemies of the Ca. 
 tholick Faith recount certain (hamefull Fableswhich have been fuffi- 
 ciently conm ted by Cardinal Bellartnim, in his firft Tome of the con- 
 troversies of theKowan Bifhop 5 as alfothe ftory of Pope Joan whom 
 theftoryfaiestobe John the 7th: \vh0fucceededlMthe4tb. con- 
 futed 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROM E. 
 
 fated by the faid Cardinal and Onofrius, and lately by Plorimondo Ro- 
 mondo'm French^ 
 
 The Pillar of white Marble placed in the walJ,and divided in two 
 is thought to be broken miraculoufly at the death of Chrift, when, 
 theVeyl of the Temple rent. 
 
 SanUa SanUorum is a Chappel held in great veneration , the ingrefs • 
 therein is forbidden to women : In it are kept the Ark of the Cove- ! 
 nant, the rod of Aaron, the Table whereon Ghrifts laft fupper was 
 celebrated: of the facred Manna , theNavil ftring andprspuceof 
 Chrift, a Vyal of Chrifts blood, fome thorns ot his Grown, one 
 whole Nail wherewith he was faftened to the Crofs. The Snaffle of 
 conjiantine the great his Horfe, which was made of the two nayls 
 which pierced his feet 9 the fourth was placed in the Emperors gol. 
 den Diademe- In the fame place are likewife fhewed many Re- 
 liques which are regarded by the Romans with hugeDsvotion: here 
 is to be obferved that t he old pi&ures of the Greeks , and Gregory , 
 Bifhop of Turona (hew, that Ch rift was faftened to the Crofs , with 
 two nails in his feetand a little table under. 
 
 Somewhat diftant from S. Giovanniftands aG.iteof theCityc3l)f?d 
 now by the fame name, but antien tly Celimontana fromMoupt Cclio 
 Hence the ViaCatnpagna takes its beginning leading to the C-ampagna 
 called Terra diLavoro from its fterility : Forth the City it joines 
 with the Latina. 
 
 On the back part of Monte Celio , lyes the Church Santa Croce di 
 Jerufilem 3 one of the feaven chief, formerly facrate to Venus and Cu- 
 pid, In it is kept a part of the Lords Crofs, and the title of the Crofs 
 writ in three languages, one of the thirty pence, which Judas the 
 Traitor received for betraying Chrift, a Thorn of the Crown, with 
 other facred Reliques. 
 
 Here under the Earth Helena the mother ofconftantine built aChap- 
 pel, wherein Women are permitted entrance only upon the 20th. 
 of March,tothe Monaftery of this Temple is adjoyned an Amphi- 
 theatre, fomewhat lefsbut more antienc than the Coltfeo, which 
 was edificated by Statilms laurus, in the reign of Augujius : buttwas 
 for the moft part deftroyed by Pope Paul the 3d. for reparation of 
 the Monaftery. On one fide of Santa Croce appear yet fome ruines of 
 the Bajiliea Sejfariana, near the Walls. 
 
 The Arches which enter the City by Porta Nevia^and pafs over the 
 top of the celio t to the Aventino^ were the Arches for s he Aqueduct of 
 the Claudian watenand were the higheft and longeft of Romefilaudius j 
 conveighed this water from forty miles off into the City, Some of 
 this water run into the Palace , fome into me CampidogUo, but the 
 greateft part to the Aventjno : The faid Porta Neyia, was alfo called 
 Nevia, and Santa Croce and was buil tin an Arch Triumphal , which 
 demonftrates the Majefty and grandeur of the work. 
 
 Near the Aqueduct for the Aqua Claudia towards Monte Celio, ftands 
 the Hofpital S. Giovanni being bath wealthy and comodtousfor re- 
 ceipt of infirm and fickPerfons , abounding in all forts of Phiftcal 
 ingredients, Phyficians, Apothecaries, Surgeons, attendants , and 
 whatever els can conduce to the good of the Patiems: This conve- 1 
 niency hath in all ages induced many Princes and other Perfonsof ( 
 quality and riches, when their Maladies require, to make this Hofpi-i 
 
 F f f 2 tal 
 
 *•? 
 
204 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part II 
 
 tal their abode , though they lye theieat their own expence.Un the 
 Court of it are Sepultures of divers forts. Baths with fculptures of 
 Satyrs and different Actions: The battail of the Amazones : The 
 Chafe of Mekager and other fair objects. 
 
 The Temple of S. Clement Pargetted with various coloured Mar. 
 ble, hath divers old infcriptions,many figures of the facred inftru- 
 ments ufed in the divine fervices by thePopes as alfo in the Sacrifices 
 by the Priefts of the Gentiles and the Southfayers. 
 
 In the return you meet that ftupendious and admirable Mole the 
 Amphitheatre, called vulgarly Colifeo from the Celojfean ftatue of 
 1 20 foot high, which Ner<? erected. The altitude of this Amphithe- 
 atre was fuch,and the itructure fo compact, that Rome afforded no- 
 thing more ftately.'Twas eleaven yeers continued labour for thirty 
 thou fand SIaves,and capable of eighty feaven thoufand men , who 
 might conveniently difpofe thefelves in the funoundingSeaf s for be 
 holding the Playes there yeerly exhibited. 
 
 Thehoufeof Nero occupying all that fpace between theHils Pa- 
 latino and. Cel/o, reached to the Efquilie, fo ample that it hadjmore the 
 face and femblance of aCity 3 than of a fingle houfe,within were com- 
 prehended Fields, Lakes, Woods, and a Gallery of a mile long , with 
 three ranks of Pillars, many of its Chambers were guilt andador* 
 ned with gems: and the Temple' dedicated to FortftnaSei^had 
 in it an Image of the fame Goddefle of tranfparent Mar- 
 ble. 
 
 On the left hand (lands the Arch Triumphal of Confiantine the 
 Great.as yet whole and perfect with all his victories and ftatues car- 
 ved on it. This Arch was erected in honour of that Emperor by the 
 Romans after he had overcome at Ponte Milvio^ Max entius , who had 
 tyrannically oppreffed Rome and Italy. At prefent they manage horfes 
 in the Colifeo. And near it rifes a proud Fabrick in form of a Pyra- 
 mid, which was called La Aieta Sudante t for that thence iflued 
 Streams of water , whereof fuch as had difpofed themfelvesin the 
 Amphitheatre to fee thefports, had given them to fatisfie their 
 thirfts when defired by any. Thus ends the fecond dayes 
 Journey. 
 
 
 The third dayes Journey of 
 ROME. 
 
 LEaving theCaftle Saint Angelo on the right hand of the Tom?! 
 Sanguina, pafling through the ftreet orjo , where it divides 
 you find the houfe oiBildoFerratino in the frontifpiece whereof ftands 
 a ftatue of Calba the Emperor with other figures. 
 
 In the Palace cf the Duke of Altemps , they fhcw many mo- 
 numents of Antiquity 9 Epitaphs,Infcriptions,audReliques which 
 wonderfully delight the eyes of skilfull Artiits,and ingenious Men, 
 
 among' 
 
 1 
 
iPartll. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 among others the ftatue of Seneca , the Philofopher and the Veftry 
 and Ghapelof the Duke, clear demonihations of the piety and 
 religion of the Patrones. Near it ftands the houfe of Cardinal Gae- 
 tano containing fome rare Antique ftatues. 
 
 Towards N<»wew is the Church of S. A pollinare formerly theTemi 
 pie of Apollo^ and behind it the Church of Saint Auguftine, where the 
 Tombe of Santa Monica his Mother is (hewed with her Reliques. 
 
 That fpatious Court before the Palace of the Dutchefs of P*rma 3 
 corruptly called riazza Navona, was formerly the Circo Agona!e,wherm 
 in they exhibited the Agonalian fights and games inftituted by Nurna 
 Vompilius in honour of Janus. Nero augmented this Circ, and fo did 
 Alexander the Son of Manca, who erecred alfo near it a Palace and 
 the famous Alexandrian Hot baths. Hereabouts alfo Nero and Adri* 
 anhad their Baths, but the continued edifices there have loft the ve» 
 ry foundations of the old ftru&ures. 
 
 In the houfe of theBifhopsof Saulajs (hewed the Head o(M.7W 
 lius Cicero t in that of Alexander Rujfino, the Image of Julius c<efar Ar. 
 med 9 like a ColoJJus, with his thighs neatly harnefled after the old- 
 fafhion, andopofitetoit,anotherof the fame heighth, and veils of 
 Octavius&efar. Then which ftatues, Rome fcarce affords any thing of 
 better workmanfhip. 
 
 Thofe round and high Arches which rife in that phce called the 
 Ciambel/a, are reliques of the Bathes of M. Agrippa: near which Ne- 
 ro built others , whole Fragments (hew themfelves behind S.Eufia* 
 chio. 
 
 M. Agrippa Built the Pantheon near his Bathes in honour of all the 
 Gods, a Temple to be admired for the Architecture and wealth,the 
 mod antient , entire, and fplendid of any at this day extant in Rome 
 He built it orbicular, that Preeminence of Place might create 
 no quarrels among the Gods. Others fay he dedicated it to Ope,and 
 Cibele, as mother of the Gods,and Miftrefs of the Earth.Af terwards 
 the Popes confecrated it to the BlefTed Virgin and all the Saints. It 
 hath no windowes, being in lieu thereof fupplyed with light from a 
 great Open (pace at top, the rain water driving there through is re a 
 ceived into a large brals Veflel at the bottom,which in old time was 
 covered with plates of (ilver but Confiantitte the Nephew or Heratji. 
 »/took away that with the other ornaments of the City; antiently 
 twasafcended to by 7 fteps,but now who enters it muft defcer.d 18. 
 fteps, whereby appears how vaft are the heaps of ruines.An infcrip. 
 tion of very long Letters teftifie that Severus,and M. a ntonius re pan 
 red the Pantheon: then threatning a ruine. Herein lies Raphael of 
 Vrbin t the Prince of Painters? And before it ftands a large Veflel 
 of Porphyr admirable for the grandeur and curiofity of work- j 
 manfliip, one like to which is extant in Santa Maria Maggwre 
 under the Crucifix. 
 
 Near it Santa Maria della Minerva , fo called from its firft dedica- 
 tionto7W»em*prefentsitfelf j where the Dominican Fryers inha- 
 bit.* which hath nothing of antiquity more than the Walls and 
 (bme old Infcriptions. Here lies the Cardinals , Tietro Bembo , 
 and Tomafo Gaetano 3 leamed men of their time : and Santa caterina of 
 Siena. 
 
 A great arch now old, rude , and diverted of all its ornaments , 
 G'gg flood 
 
The HiHory oilTALY, Part 11. 
 
 frood near it, called Camiliano, which they think to be built by 
 Camillus t but falfly , for thofe kind of works were firft fet a foot 
 in the reigns of the Emperors: fometimefince,this Arch was by li. 
 cence of Pope element the 8th. pulled down by Cardinals*/*//***?, 
 who with thofe ftones amplified his own adjacent Palace , near this 
 Arch lay a foot of a ColoJJus very great, which is fuppofed to be trans- 
 ferred to the Campidoglio i where tis now obvious. 
 
 In the houfe ot Taulut de Caflro, is fcen the head ofSocrates^ith. 
 his whole breaft, and many other things which will recreate the 
 fpe&ator : In the Palace of S. Marca in the Via Lata , there , is fuch 
 another Veffel of Marble as is at San Sahatore del Lauro^ taken out 
 of the Baths of ^r/^andaftatue of fauna ;or as others fay of the 
 good Goddefs. 
 
 All thofe things wherewith of old the Court of Herva was garni- 
 (hed, are either by age decayed , ortranflated to fome other place 
 tis called alfo Forolranfitorio > becaufe over it they walked to go to 
 the Foro Augujio and Romano , for which reafon that Church is cal- 
 led S. Adriano in trefori. here flood likewife the Palace of the faid 
 Emperor whofe mines were removed elfe where. 
 
 Here alfo lies the Foro Tra)ano t between the Campdoglio^ theigw- 
 rinak) and the Foro AuguJlo t this was environed with a magnificent 
 gallery fuftained with noble pillars , whereof Apolliodorw wasAr- 
 chiteftor and adorned with frames , Images, and a triumphal Mar- 
 ble Arch,of all which nought remains, except two ot the Pillars at 
 Santa Maria di Loreto. And one Collumne fpread over within with 
 Cockle fhelb, whichdemonftratesthefplendorandMajeftyof the 
 Emperors; tis 128 foot high befides the bafes, which is i a. foot 
 more .• tis raifed by 24 ftones only, but they fo vaft,that it appears 
 the work of Gyants , every one of thofe ftones hath eight flayers 
 by which they get up inwardly to the top, which are enlightned by 
 44.Cafemects. Round it are carved the noble Afts of CafarTr 4- 
 jano'm the Dacian Warr. No part of the world can boa ft a work 
 more admirable, or more magnificent. Twas ere&ed in honour of 
 that good Em peror> who was not fo fortunate as to fee it finifbed , 
 for being detained in the Parthic^ warr , upon his return a flux of 
 blood feized him in the City of Sorra t in Seleucia , whereof he dyed 
 his body was brought to Rome^xid his bones inclofed in a Pile, pla- 
 ced on the top of the Columne. 
 
 In this Foro di Trajano , ftand the Churches ofSaint Silvefter, S. Bi* 
 ajio, Sant Afar tino i placed there by S. Marco the firft Pope. Boniface 
 the 8th. erected there? Towers, called now, Le Militie t chiefly 
 that in the midft , where 'Trajan ufed to quarter his Souldi- 
 ers. 
 
 Above it lies the the Vineyard of Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandino , 
 meriting a view, wherein befides the Fountains and Sources of wa- 
 ters which'form many ftreams, you may fee fome old noble Marbles 
 among others H<*r/wr4feaChild,wroughtbyanexquifitehand,and 
 an old painted picture, found fome yeers fmce retaining the beauty 
 of its colours: a wonder to believe, finceitis foantient , and fo 
 long lay hid in a grotto near S. Maria. Maggiore. 
 
 ll 
 
Part II. ROME. 
 
 1L MONtE ESQV1LIN0. 
 
 AT the Forodi Nerva begins the Suburb, which extended to the 
 Tiburtina dividing the Efqnilier-, the Vale between the Efquilie, 
 and the Viminale they name Vico Patricio, becaufe many Patritii that 
 is to fay Nobles dwelt in that part. 
 
 L'Ejquilie,was Co called becaufe in the time of Romulus the Sentinels 
 were placed there 9 this hill is fevered from theCe/w,by thcViaLavicana 
 from the Viminale by the Vico Patritio. The Via Tiburtina,zs abovefaid 
 ( croffeth it in themidft which way afcends from the Suburb to the 
 Porta Nevia, but before it comes to the trophees of Marius th cut in 
 twOjthe right hand way leads towards San GiovanniLattrano,coD)oy- 
 ning with the Lavicana,the left goes to thePorta diSan Lorenzo by the 
 name of Vrenejiina. 
 
 In the Via Tiburtina, is the Arch of Galienus the Emperor called 
 San Vito from the neighbouring Temple. Heiewas the Maccilo La 
 nitno , the Market for all eating things. 
 
 The Temple of Ijis, now of Santa Maria Maggiore, confiftsof 
 exquifite ftructure, adorned with gold and rare Marbles and fuflai- 
 ned by Js»jc^,Pillars. Here Santo Hieronimo, lies enterred and here 
 they fhew an Image of the Virgin, painted (as is credited) by St. 
 Luke the Evangelift, Near it ftands the Church of S.Lncia&nA. that 
 ofS.Pudentiana here of old ftood a wood facred to J»»0 reverenced 
 with great but blind zeal . 
 
 In the Church of S.PraJfede, are many inferiptions, and the Pil- 
 lar ( to which our Lord being bound) was whipped , this they fay 
 wa,s brought from Jerufalem. In San Pietro in Vincula are many admi 
 rable things , among others the Tombcs of Julius the fecond where- 
 on Mofes is engraven by Buonorota, a work excelling moft of the An- 
 tient, ofCardinal Sadoleto,and Cardinal di lucwo. 
 
 Thence you go to theChurch dt quaranta Martiri, from whence by 
 the Via Labicano to S. clement the Efquilie extended it felf,and was 
 there called Carine. 
 
 Near Saint Pietro in Vincula, are fomefubterrdncan edifices , the re- 
 mains of Vefpafians Baths, called the SetteSale, being; defignedfor 
 keeping the waters requifiteto the Baths,in them was found that fta 
 tue oiLaocoon now tranflated to the Vatican, which gives fuch admi- 
 ration to all afpicients. The Church of S. Marian* Monti, was built 
 by Pope Symachus, in the decayes of Adrians Baths: the place being 
 thence denominated at this day Adrianello. 
 
 At the Church d'Santi Giuliano and Eufebio, elates it felfa huge 
 Fabrick of brick work,wherein were the receptacles of the A qua Mar- 
 tia : on the upper part whereof are figured the Trophees of Mari- 
 us that is a heap of fpoils and Arms bound to the body of a Tree 
 placed there in honour of Marius for his expedition againit the Cim- 
 brians which things being afterwards torn down by Sylla in the ci- 
 vil war , were reftored again by C., C£jar to their former luftre , and 
 yet remain in the Campidoglio. Behind the Trophees in that Vineyard 
 appear great mines of the Emperor Gordiams his Baths near whichj 
 Ggg 2 thei 
 
 2©7 
 
2 o8 "TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part II . 
 
 the faid Emperor railed a ftupendious Palace which had two hun 
 drcd Pillars in a double Rank. But hereof no more but b : gh wails 
 appear. All its Ornaments and Piilars a being thence tranflated for 
 beautifying other Palaces. 
 From thefe Baths the way on the right hand called Labicana goes to 
 porta AJaggiore y or SanteCroce, antiecitly Nevia. Between this Gate 
 and that oi San Lorenzo, near the walls rife vafr mines of the Tern* 
 pie dedicated to the name of Cains, and Lucius she Nephews of Au- 
 gujim and built by him 5 oce arch ed roof yet may be leen called Gallu- 
 cio as of Caio and Lttcio. 
 
 Near it was the Palace of Z.k7»0, where now s. Sabina ftand^there 
 placed by Pope siwp lex , contiguous with which Pallace was the 
 place called Orfo Pileato, from a Bears figure there- 
 
 By the gate Ejqwlma^an Lorenzo or Tiburtina, by all which names 
 tis frequently called: Hands the Church San Lorenzo, built by con- 
 jiantine the great in honour of that Martyr replenished with anti- 
 quities, but efpecially the inftruments ufed in the facrifices are 
 carved on inembofled work, by this Gate alfo enters the Aque- 
 duct by which the AquaMartia is conveighed into the City, rirft 
 raifed by ^Martins, afterwards confumed by Age reftored by M. 
 Agrippa. 
 
 This water was brought from 3 5. miles off the City, and raninto 
 Dioclejians Baths, and the adjacent places, twas very healthfull,and 
 therefore chiefly accomodated for the drink of the People. 
 
 On the other fide ofthis Gate entered the Acqut Tepola & Julia: the 
 one was conveighed fix miles the other eleaven from witnout tbeCi- 
 ty. To thefe joyned the Aniens which ran from Tivoli 20. miles di- 
 ftance. Over the Aniene (rands the Ptf»/e Mammeo , fo named from 
 Mammea the Mother of Alexander Severw the Emperor , by whom 
 twas repaired,from this Gate the Via Preneflina reached to Pr<enejie, 
 and the Labicana to Labi. 
 
 That part of the Efquilie near San Lorenzo in Yonte, was named Vir- 
 boClivio, which was the Grove tugatale where Servius lullius dwelt 
 and there lies the Vico Ciprio, called alfo Scelerato, for that Tullius 
 was there flain by his Son in Law, over whofe dead body his own 
 Daughter commanded her Coachman to drive her Chariot. This 
 Vico, or Town extended to Bsjia Gallica, where the Galli Senoni 
 or theFrench were flain,burnt and buried by Camillw .now this place 
 s denominated Porto Gallo , where the Church Saint Andrea ; is built 
 On the top ofthis Vico Scelerato Cajfim had his Palace afterwards de- 
 dicated to the Goddefs Tellur a now to Saint Pantaleon. near Santa 
 Agna at the foot of the Viminale flood a Temple olSilvano, whofe de- 
 cays yet appear. 
 
 1L 
 
Part II. ROME* 
 
 1L COLLE VJMINALE. 
 
 THe hill Viminah is next to the FfquiLno, and runs along by the 
 Walls: twas (o named from a famous Temple dedicated 
 to jupiter Viminah : whence alfo the contiguous Gate took the name 
 Viminah and Homentana, from the way lead ing to Nomento, which is 
 now called S. Agnefe \iotn the Church of that name near it, which 
 was formerly dedicated to Bacchus, therein is an old porphyr Arch 
 the greateft now extant in Rome, whereon are engraven Boyes ga- 
 thering Grapes; which fome call the Sepulchre of Bacchus, but 
 erroneoufly. 
 
 In the Via Nomentana a little farther is the Tonte Nomenlano built by 
 Narfetes the Eunuch under "jujiinian the Empeior, as the infcription 
 tefti fie s. Nero the Etnperour,bet ween the FortaSubmbana, and Sala- 
 ria , had Suburbano a lingular edifice, which he gave to a Freed Man • 
 who fearinga publique punifhment by a poynard thi ufr into his breft 
 and the help of Sporo another freed Man flew himfelfrfomc mines of 
 this Fabrick yet remain. 
 
 Tortaguerquetulana is now aChurch near which appear fquare wals 
 the Remains of the Caftle deputed for the Souldiers ftations apoin- 
 ted for the Emperors guards. 
 
 On the Viminah, are feen the Baths of Diochjian , of an admired 
 Vaftnefs and fumptuofity, which though much decayed, are yet the 
 mod entire in Rome, Tis faid that forty thoufand Chriftians were in 
 a fervile manner turmoyled for fourteen yeers in the fhrucmre here- 
 of. Dioclejianznd Maximinian began them, but Covjiantine and 
 Majjiminian, compleated them now called AlhTerme, where ap- 
 pears a certain place made for receit ofthe waters employed in thofe 
 Baths, called Racco di termer Diochjian adjoined a Palace to them, 
 whofe ruines manifeftly fhew themfelves. And here was that ce. 
 lebrious Library called Vlp<* } where the Elephantine books were dif 
 pofed. 
 
 On the right hand of thefe Baths, are theGardens formerly ap- 
 pertaining to Cardinal Bellay, but now to the Monks of the order of 
 Saint Bernard, to whofe induftry the ingenious owe the Invention 
 and defignes made by wind. And on their left hand, ftands the 
 Church of Santa Sufanna, in old time the Temple of gJnirimis. In 
 this place they believe Romulus (being praeafcended into Heaven ) 
 appeared to Troculus Julius then returning (rorn.Alba, for which caufe 
 the Senate confecrated a Temple and attributed to him d ivine ho- 
 nours. Here alfo(»f: aiunt) Romulus frequently defcended and com- 
 municated divers things to Alba. 
 
 The foundations of the olympiade Bathsyet con tinue near S. Lo- 
 renzo in Vane & Perna, vulgarly named Famiperna where Decius the 
 Emperors Pallace ffood. 
 
 The Church S. Trudentia, was built by Tins the fourth, attb<;re- 
 queft of Santa Trafcede his Sifter , where likewife appear the walls of 
 the Baths Novati. And the ruines of the B,iths of Agr/ppina the Mo- 
 ther of Nero,aie yet extant by theChurch S Vitalis. 
 
 Hhh In 
 
 20p 
 
1\Q 
 
 The Hiiiory of IT ALT, Part 11. 
 
 In San Lorenzo in rroferpina fhewesit felt a great Marble Stone re- 
 verenced with great adoration and religion ,whereon ( m aiunt) the 
 roafted body of San Loranzowas repo ed after his death : here lies 
 buried Cardinal Cirketo the delight of the Learned o£ our 
 times. 
 
 Beyond the Church S. Sufanna by the Via ghtirinale lay heretofore 
 the gardens of Rodolfo, Cardinal Carpente 3 then whicb,no part of Ita 
 ly nay Naples it felt (where are the inoft excel Hog) afforded more de- 
 licious. In it were 1 34 ftatues engraven wit h divers artificial figures 
 and other admirable curiofities fo well difpofed, that no fancy 
 could reach that Paradife, nor ocular view fcarce apprehend its glo- 
 ry , to fay no more this garden was an Embleme ot that Cardinal 
 its Patron the fon of Alberto Tio Prince of Carpi^ for as that excee- 
 ded moil , fo his knowledge in antiquities and Learning was admi- 
 red by all , he wrote learnedly againlt Erafmus. 
 
 
 ILCOLLE QVRINALE or MON- 
 TE CAVALLO. 
 
 THis hill was fo demonstrated from the Name guiri or c*r/,aFa* 
 mily of the Sabines who marching among others under Statins 
 their Captain, to refide at Rome , inhabited this hill, now called 
 Monte Cavalliyfiom the artificial horfes there yet vifible-Tis divided 
 from the Viminak by that way which conducts to the Porta S, Agnefe. 
 Upon Monte Cavallo where were the Vineyards of the Cardinal of 
 Ejie now ftands a Palace of the Popes admirable for the Grottoes, 
 walks, Arbors, and artificial Fountains. The chief was the work of 
 Pope Clement the 8tb. whereon is wrote the hiftory of Mofes in Alo- 
 faiquc work. Here ftand fome old ftatues of the Mutes, and here you 
 may hear one of thofe Organes,called of old HyaMtf/tt^becaufethey 
 founded by force of the Waters. You afcend this Fountain by 
 fomefteps, upon the balloftres whereof ftand certain Veflels which 
 fpoui out water very high, which in their fall prefent divers figures 
 before it lies ample fiihponds with a Circle of Plain trees wch.affbrd 
 a thick and lovely fhade, in fine fuch is the the Variety of Marbles , 
 the excellency and fairnefs of the ftatues the diverfity of the Infcrip- 
 tions,the beauty of the walks , the pleafantnefs of the Fountains , 
 and «he fhade of the Gioves in thefe pontifical Vineyards, 
 That the ftudious may find here fit ob jeers for their Obfervations 
 The Curious for their admiradon, and the Lovers oi Solitude for 
 their deportment and retreats. Hence a little diftant lies the Vine- 
 yard of O&avio Cardinal Bandini 3 well kept and worthy a view. And 
 at the four fountains the Palace of the Mattel, which hath fome fair 
 ftatues as well antient as modern. 
 
 Round about which lye feveral other Vineyards and Gardens s as 
 of the Teatinif oith& Colonnas and ot Patriarca biondo t near which 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 is the Church Saint Andrea, repaired by the Jejitites , where the5^ 
 Staniflao Kofik_a , a Tolach , lies buried who there acomplifhed his 
 days. 
 
 Upon this Mount ftand t wo Colloflus or ftatucs as twere of Gy- 
 ants holding two wild horfes by a Bridle cut in Marble, upon whofe 
 pilafterwe read, that they were the work of Fhidia s and Trafitelk 
 from which horfes tis called Monte Cavallo.And the report goes that 
 Tiridatcs King of the ^r/»e«/4«j-,prefenited them to Nero 9 who(that 
 he might entertain that ftranger King worthily and according to the 
 Roman fplendor) caufed Pompeyes Theatre (where he exhibited the 
 Games for that Kings Solace and recreation)in three days to be layed 
 all over with filver Plates : Which magnificence the King did not fo 
 much admire (knowing well that in Rome were heaped up the riches 
 of the world) as the diligence and ingenuity of the workmen,that in 
 fo fhort a time could perfect fo noble ingenious a work,which in him 
 created afronifhment. 
 
 Here the Benedictine Fryers had a comodious habitation : which 
 fome timefince they furrendred to the Apoftolick Chamber, oppo« 
 fite whereto is a Pontifical Palace , built by Sixtus the 5th. tor their 
 cool retreat in hot weather} whence fomewhat,in the Vigna of the 
 Colonneji , raifethitfelf the Frontifpiece of Neror Pallace, vulgarly 
 called Frontone diNcrotle, Hence Nero beheld the Fire which was by 
 his own incendiaries kindled in the City of Rome which afterwards 
 he imputed to the Chriftians, that by this Calumny he might draw 
 them into hatred with the Senate and People of Rome, and by a pu- 
 blick edict commanded, that as many as were apprehended,confef 
 fing Cfcrift for God fhould be burnt and excarnified in Neros gar- 
 dens which Perfecution continued three days. 
 
 On the other part of the ghtirinale^xe manyArches,Gels,& caves of 
 different workmanfhip under ground,the Reliques of the Emperor 
 Conftantincs Baths of hot waters. And thence looking towards the 
 Suburbs, you behold an old Temple in the gardens of the Bartolini , 
 made ov all and wrought with divers fhapesof Fifhes and other 
 Ornaments which was dedicated toNeptune. 
 
 Near hereto is the place vnlgarly called Bagnanapoli , that is Bagni 
 di Paulo, becau'ethey were made by FaulutMmilius: The Monaftery 
 of the Nuns of Saint BenedtU built by Pope Fins the 5th. and the 
 Palace of the Conti^ rife out of the ruins of thofe Baths, whereof 
 to this day fome fmall fragments are extant. The Tower deConti , 
 was raifed by Innocent the 3d. and that of the Militieby Boniface 
 the 8th. 
 
 On this part of the guirinalc, flood the houfe of the Cornelii^caX- 
 led now Vico di Ccrnelii&nd S. Salvatore de Cornelii , a Temple facred 
 of old to Saturn and Bacchus. 
 
 From the Church S. Salvatore , to the Porta difan Agriefe, reacheth 
 the Street called Alta Semita i on the right hand whereof near San Vi- 
 tale, flood the houfe of Fomponius Atticus, with a wood. Hereby 
 alfo was the Suburra Fiana , and at the foot o£ the Vimin ale a Temple 
 ofsilvanus. 
 
 Upon the top of the ^uirinale^ ftood a Temple confecrated to A- 
 pollo, and Clara, two fmall Temples of Jupiterand Juno^nd the old 
 Capitol^of thefe ftructuies fcarce any reliques appear,here now is the 
 
 Hhh 2 Mo- 
 
 111 
 
Ill 
 
 The Hifto ryof / TALT, Part II 
 
 Monaftery of the Nuns of Saint Domenic^ and the Church oi San- 
 ta Maria Magdalen a. 
 
 Near San Sujannafiood the Court and houfe otsaluji^ which place 
 is now corruptly called Callofirico : his fair gardens took up all that 
 fpace between the Torta'Salaria and la Tinciana , in the midft 
 whereof (rood a fmall Obelisk carved with Hyeroglyphicks,dedica- 
 ted to Lunafiace amoved. 
 
 In the defcent from the ^uirinale , towards the Foro of Nerva a 
 high Tower prefents it felf , which is vulgarly called lorre Mezza , 
 which tis believed was one part of the houfe ol Maecenas, ad joyning 
 whereunto were his delicious Gardens, whereto Augujius c<efar fre- 
 quently withdrew himfelf from his more weighty affairs to recreate 
 himfelf with his Friend , and to revive his toyled Spirits. Others 
 believe it to be a part of the Temple dedicated by Marcus Aurelius 
 to the Sunne. 
 
 
 The Fourth dayes Journey of 
 ROME. 
 
 FRotn the Bourg taking the way over Vonte Elio , you up againft 
 the ftreams of the Tyber meet the Church SanBiaJio, at 
 Ripetta, which is fuppofed to have been the Temple of Neptune, 
 amplified by Adrian the Emperor .- here fuch as had efcaped any re- 
 markable fhipwrack 9 hung up Tablets containing the particulars 
 of their deliverance and their vows for it to the God of the 
 Sea. 
 
 In the Valle Martia, by the Church of SanEocco frands the Mau- 
 feolo, of Augujius being a Sepulchre erefted by Octaviui for him- 
 felf and she fucceffors of the Cafar ian Family , out of theruinsand 
 with the Materials of that Amphitheatre (which he deftroy- 
 ed)that Julius Cefar built there;its Circuit is yet entire divided into 
 a figure four fquarelozsnged. In this Maufeolo, frands a Matrona 
 holding a Cornucopia with Fruit, and an JEfculapius as bigg as a Gyant 
 with a Serpent. 
 
 In thisMaufeolo s were alfo heretofore two Obelisks ofGranito, 43 
 foot high. 
 
 The Circ of Julius C<efar t extended from this Maufeolo to the foot 
 of the neighbouring Mountain ,Auguftus had a Palace oppofite to it , 
 with a irately Gallery , and had here confe crated a Grove to the 
 Gods of Hell 3 reaching from the Church Santa Maria delPopolo to S. 
 Trinita. 
 
 Some fay that Marcellus his Sepulchre was contiguous with this 
 Maufeolo, and fhew its very Tracks- which Boifardo, believes rather to 
 belong to the Maufeob s aad not a diftincl: Edifice* 
 
 Augujius alfo had made a place called Naumachia for Naval Diver- 
 fions in the lower part of the Valle Martia-, (looking towards the 
 
 Hilll 
 
Part 11. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 Hill Santa Trinita which Domitian reftored being decayed through 
 antiquity,and called it after his own name, placing near it a Tern • 
 pie to the Family Fkvia: where now Saint Silvejiro Hands. 
 
 The Valle Martja}xvas (o denominated, becaufetwasthe loweft 
 Gate of the CampoMartio, and extended from the fyber to the hills 
 Santa Trinita , and from the Piazza of Domitian in the Via Flaminia to 
 the Porta FUminia. 
 
 The Via Flaminia took its name from Flaminius the Conful , who ! 
 paved it after the conqueft of the Cenoveji now tis called the Corjo .- 
 for that at fome time of theyeer,boys and certain animals run here 
 driving who (hall arrive firft at the end of thecourfe. This way 
 goes from the P orta Flaminia ( called heretofore Flumcntana from its 
 vicinity to theTyber but at this day Porta delpopolojto Pefaro, and to 
 Rimini. Near this way lye many gardens filled with in fed pt ions 
 chiefly thofe of Cardinal Lovijio , Jujtiniano, Gallo, Altemps and o- 
 thers. 
 
 By this Way Pope Julius the third accomodated a Vineyard with 
 fuch ornaments, asforcoftand magnificence furpaffed all others in 
 Rome , andasanInfcriptionatteifs,condu6ted to the publik way a 
 Fountain for the benefit of all perfons, wherein tis fcarce to be jud- 
 ged which ought moft to be applauded, the ingenuity of the Arri- 
 tificers, or the fumptuoufnefs and fplendour of the Roman Chief Bi- 
 fhops. 
 
 Beyond this lies PonteMolli.whcic theTyrant Maxentius was over- 
 come by Conftantine the Great .• which Tyrant that he might not be 
 carried alive in the Triumphs ofconjtantinecad. him felf headlong 
 offthe Bridge into the Tyber. Afterwards in honour of Conftantine 
 was erected the Triumphal Arch between the Colifco and the s etti- 
 zoniooiSeverus. 
 
 Returned into the City by the Porta Flaminia you find the Arch 
 j of Domitian, called di Portogjllo } beczufe in that quarter the Embaf- 
 fador oivortugall reft ded.Tis alfo called? ripoli^a rude and incompscl 
 ftrufture , having nothing of moment in it more than the fta tue of 
 Domitian, which fome too will not have to be his,b>ut the ftatue and 
 Arch of Claudius the Emperor. 
 
 The Church of Saint Lorenzo y in Lucina, was facrcd to J ttnoLu 
 cina-, and yet retains its old name , here of old,breedirg women and 
 fuch as lay in Childbed, after the birth ufed to pay their vows, 
 becaufeby the good will of the Goddefs,not only theirtfelves were 
 preferved in that great peril, but the Life of their tender In- 
 fants. 
 
 In the ftreet de Condotti, in the houfe of the Bofii, fome notable 
 and old inferiptions are extant. In the Palace of theSpaniih Embaf- 
 fador a fair and Copious Fountain. Inthatof Dionigio O&avianoSa 
 da, (who translated the old Dialogues of D. Antonio Auguftino, into 
 Italian,") a good number of rare things in this kind. Inthatof 
 the Ruzzelai, a Gallery filled with old ffatues of rare artifice, and in 
 theCourt, a very large brazen horfe. And in that of the Cardinal 
 Defa, now building, we affure our felves of rare Architecture and 
 great Curiofities. 
 
 The CampoMartio heretofore without the City, fils that plain be- 
 1 tween the g>uirimle,xht Ponte di Sijio, and the Tevere or Tyber ,hcic the 
 
 Iii youth' 
 
TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part II. 
 
 youthexcrcifcd themfelves inMilitary difcipline,and here they hold 
 their Council for creating of Magistrates. 
 
 Between Santa MariadelPopolo, and the Fort a Flaminia, is feen an O- 
 belisk, filled with Hieroglyphicks, and JEgiptian Letters • which 
 Pliny writes, to be one hundred and ten foot long, and to contain on 
 it the interpretation of the Egyptian Philofophy. Augujius c<ejar cau- 
 fed it to be transferred from Hieropoli to Rome, with two others, 
 which he placed in the Circus Maximus. On the Pedeftal is this In- 
 fer iption. Ctffar. Divi, F. Ang. Tont. Max. Imp. X. J. C os. XI ". Irib. 
 Tot. XIV. Mgypto in Totejiatem. P. R. redaQa Soli Donum de- 
 dit. 
 
 Thehoufeof Antonino Paleozo, affords an excellent ftatue of a 
 horfe and fome heads, as of Drufus, of Julia the Daughter of Augn- 
 jius , of Goleria, of Faujiina Giovene, the wife of Marcus Amelias, of 
 Adrian, of Brutus, Domitian, Galba, Sabina, Hercules, Bacchus ^ Sylvanus , 
 and Mercury: And likewife the Triumph of Tiberius Cdfar, cut live- 
 ly in one Marble ftone. And that of Giacomo Giacovazzo, not a 
 few excellent flatues in Marble and Brafs , and other Curiofi- 
 ties. 
 
 Antoninus Pius, in that part of the Campo Martio, called Piazza di 
 Sciarra, ere&ed a hollow Columne with winding ftajrs,and 56.Cafe- 
 ments to give Light within to them : being 1 7 5 foot high, fome fay 
 it is raifed with 28 frones only,but in this tis not fo clearly difcerna- 
 bleasin that of Trajano, for that the flayers being broke tis not a- 
 fcendable. On the fupei ficies of it are wrought the Afts of Antoninus 
 with excellent fculpture of figures, from this,that place is deno- 
 minated Piazza Colonn a . 
 
 Thofe eleaven high Pillars, which are feen erected at the Church 
 of Saint Stcphano, in Truglio , are the reliques of that open Gallery 
 which Antoninus Pius built conjoyned,to hisPalacein his Court/as 
 far diftant from this Church as the Rotonda. 
 
 Between the Collumne of Antoninus and the Fountain of Acque 
 Virgine,v»ere theSepta of the CampoMartio,(o called for that they were 
 enclofed with feveral thick Plancks, in which the Roman People 
 afTembled when they gave their fufFrages for Election of the M3gi- 
 flrates.They werealfo called Ovili for their fimilitude to a Shecptold 
 here rhe Roman Tribes afTembled in Council. 
 
 That Hill 3 between SanLorenzo'm colonna, andtheabovenamed 
 Column, called Monte Acitorio: took its name from the Lafine words 
 Mons Citatorum, where every Tribe Se'paratim, rendred themfelvs 
 after they had given their fuffragesin theS^ta. On the fame Hill 
 flood a publique Palace, for receipt of Embafladors from Enemies 
 who were not licenced to enter the City nor dwell in Gr<ecojiaJf t 
 which lay between the Counfel and the Rofiri , in thePiazza Roma- 
 na, Cardinal SantaSeverinafo much fpoken of by theHereticks, a 
 man of great prudence, and an example for pofterity greeted his Pa- 
 lace on this Hill. 
 
 Not far from hence is the Fountain of AqueVirgine, conveighed 
 by a loud deprefled Aqueduct over the Porta Collina, the Hill Santa 
 7rinita,and through the Campo Martio now called Font ana di Trevi,we 
 read in the infeription that Nieolo the 5th. reflored it.And this alone 
 of all the waters ( which with fo great cofts, and fuch fumptuous. 
 
 Ague- 1 
 
iPartlL 
 
 ROME* 
 
 215 
 
 Aqueducts, the antient Princes brought into itowejremains (landing i 
 for the publique Benefii- . 
 
 From the Serraglio, or Septa of the Roman people began the Str a- \ 
 da coperta 3 where\n flood heretofore a Temple oi Neptune and the Am- 
 phitheatre of Claudius now wholly deftroyed. 
 
 At the AcqueVirgine was a Temple dedicated to Giuturna Sifter of 
 TumoKwg of the fl«to//,accounted one of theNapee or Nimphes keep- 
 in gamong flowers, and the Countrey goddefs ,who as the Heathens 
 believed aflifted to the fertility of the Earth. 
 
 In the houfe oiAngelio Colorio da Giejijnow appertaining to the Kite 
 fali, are feen many ftatues, and inferiptions, and one Arch of the 
 ftoneTiW/, joyning to the Acque Virgine , having this Infcription. 
 T. Claudius Drus. F. C<efar Augujius. In the Fountain under the ftatue 
 of a Nymph now removed are found thefe verfes. 
 
 Hujus Nymphalocifacri cujiodia Fonti 
 
 Dormioidum bland<e fentio murmur aqu£ 
 Tarce meum quifquis tangis cava marmorafomnum 
 
 Eumpere, Jive bibes, five lavarejaces. 
 
 Pompeio Naro poffeiTcth two ftatues which were foun d in his Vine- 
 yard, the one of Hercules the other of Venus. 
 
 AA&AAA£A££AA&*AAAAAA 
 
 &&&< 
 
 mm^ 
 
 1L COLLE de gli HORtlCELLJ.now 
 di SANTA TR1NITJ. 
 
 THis Hill extends fromS^* Silveflro to the Porta Vinciana or Collind 
 along by the Walls of the City,but fome draw it out to the For. 
 ta Flaminia. The Gate and Hill took their name from Pixciui the Se- 
 nator, whofe magnificent Palace ftood here, and the footfteps ot it 
 are yet vifiblejat the walls of the City upon this Hill was the Sepul- 
 chre of the Domitian Family : here likewife Nero was buried. On 
 the top of this hill remains an Arch or roof which formerly was part 
 ofthe Temple of the Sun, near whereto lies an obelisk of lhafian 
 ftone with this infcription.So/i Sacrum. 
 
 The Church Santa Trinita, now occupied by the Minime Fryars , 
 was built by Lewis the Xlth. King of trance , wherein are fome 
 Tombes of Cardinals, as of Antonio Moreto , and Cardinal di 
 Carpi. 
 
 At the Porta Collina near Santa SufannaSaluftius( as aforefaid ) had 
 moft pleafant gardens , and a fplendid dwelling, whofe mines yet 
 appear in the Vale leading to Salara: Here flood an Obelisk fnow 
 tranflated elfewhere) facred to the Moon, engraven with Egyptian 
 Hyeroglyphicks. The place is yet vulgarly called Salojlrico, 
 
 The Campo Scelerato , or the Via Scelerata ( where the deflowred 
 Veftal Virgines were buried alive)compleated all that fpace , from 
 
 Iii 2 thel 
 
2i6 I The Hifiory of J T ALT, Part II, 
 
 the Porta Gollina under the houfe and gardens o£$aluJiius to the Tor- 
 ta Salaria. 
 
 Without the Porta Salaria, called alfo guirinale Collina and Ago- 
 nale lye the ruines of the Temple of Venus Erycina^hote Feaft was ce- 
 lebrated with folemn ceremonies by chaft Matrons, in the month of 
 Auguji, to the Image of Venus Ver ecordia y which Goddefs was fup- 
 pofed to render the Husbands placable and benevolent to their 
 wives/in this Temple they likewife celebrated the Agonalian games, 
 whence twas named Agonale. 
 
 Three miles without the City over the Aniene y ftands an entire 
 Bridge, which a Jong infeription fhews to have been built by Narje- 
 tes 3 tis faid that Hannibal being on this Bridge vexed with a vehe> 
 ment rain $ raifed theficgeofKo/»e, removed his Camp and depar- 
 ted. 
 
 A little below which,the Tyber commixeth with the River Aniene, 
 and here Torquatus o vercame that French Cyant'^ from whole neck he 
 took that golden neck chain, which ( becaufeinLatine called Tor- 
 ques ) gave him the furname of Torquatus. Tis worth obfervation, 
 i hat the Water drawn out of the Tyber , above the City towards 
 the Sea, maintains it (elf wholefome,and clean for many yeers^which 
 comes to pafs from the mixture of the River Aniene with the 'lyber , 
 The water of the Aniene being thick and polluted with N;/re,which 
 prefervesitandoccafions that it cannot putrify without difficulty.- 
 and the inhabitants along the Tybers banks above where the Aniene 
 commixeth with the Tyber ■, mingle the waters of the one with the o ■ 
 ther, that they may laft fw eet a long time: although they have been 
 neceffitated to take them up fingly and feparately. In the gravel 
 of the Aniene^ they find feveral little ftones in divers forms after the 
 firnilitude of Comfits, fome round fome long> fome little and fome 
 great, fo t hat one would believe they found Almonds, Fennel, An- 
 uifeed, Coriander, and Cinamon Comfits. Of which fmall ffones 
 they ufually gather a good heap on the bankfide, to coufen the fpe- 
 ftators with , and they are therefore called Confetti diTivoU. 
 
 Titus Celius the Patrician recounts, that in former times a body of 
 a man who was (lain and caft into the Aniene^ was found ftuck fait to 
 the root of a Tree underwater, which it happened 3 in procefsot 
 time, (being without putrefaction)was converted into ftone,with 
 out looting its fhape.'which ftony body fo found he faies he faw with 
 his proper eyes. 
 
 At ther0rfrf£rf/dr/rtarefhewedtheReliques of anantiqueTem. 
 ple,confecrated toHonour,and of the houfe Subwbano of Nm>,where~ 
 inbytheaiUftanceof sporo the Libertine, the Emperor Nero thru ft 
 a dagger under his nipple,and therewith flew himfelf,that he might 
 not fall into the hands of the Senatej then requiring him to punifh- : 
 ment. i 
 
 Within the City near the Vale between the hills Santa Trinita^nd 
 miirinale ftands the Church San Nkolo de Archemontk , fo named for 
 that the Foro or riazza, of Archemorio was in that place. 
 
 Under the Vineyard of the late Cardinal Dapi are certain Cham- 
 bers and obfeure vaults continued in a long Order: which fome will 
 have to have been a Tavern, others had rather affign them to the , 
 Wfeoftheftrumpets for their occupation in the time of the Flor alian 
 I games! 
 
Part II, 
 
 ROME* 
 
 217 
 
 games.' which were celebrated in the Circo Flora 
 
 At the Church de'dodeciApojioli , you find a Lyon in Marble,an in- 
 comparable piece, and inthehoufeof Colonna, aMarbleftatueof 
 Mel'Jse a Lady,as the infcription declares. 
 
 Many other Palaces andhoufesof the Cardinals, Nobles, and 
 wealthy Citizens of Rome, are plentifully fraught with other Anti- 
 quities and excellent Collections of Gold, Silver, and Brafs coynes 
 embofled works in divers Metals of ingenious Artifts.Onj/exes, Cor* 
 mols,ot Sardonian Gemmes , cornelians ; slmethijis, Topazes , herryls, 
 Carbuncles^ Jacinths, Saphirs , and c/jr//?^/jingraven and cut with the 
 heads of GodSj Emperors, illuftricus and noble Men, divers Crea- 
 tures, Hearbs, and Trees, containing alfo divers emblemes,which 
 were heretofore commonly expofed to the view of ftrangers by 
 their Patrones: butof later yeers the malignity of this depraved 
 Age hath fo ill gratified thofeperfons for their Kindnefs, by many 
 injuries received from fuch their free admilTion , that now unlefs re- 
 commended by fome friend to fome particular perfon in Rome, or 
 contracting a Friendfhip through long familiarity: tis not eafie for 
 a ftranger to obtain an infpe&ion of thofe pretious Curiofi- 
 ties. 
 
 •i*» «*» «i5» <n$i « 
 
 
 Of the Coemiteries and of the Burying places of 
 
 ROME, colleaed out of HONOFRIO 
 
 F ANZ) 1N0. 
 
 TH E Cemeterio ofiriano, three miles without the City in the Via 
 Salaria t is thought to be the moft antient of Rome, for that Saint 
 Peter the Apoftle in that place adminiftred the Sacrament of Bap- 
 tifm. 
 
 The Vrotonotario of the Roman Church in his third Chapter of the 
 Acls of Pope Liberiojpeaks of it in this manner. A little diftant from 
 the Cemetriodi Novella , three miles without the City lay in the Via 
 Solaria, the Cemiterio ojiriafto^heie the Apoftle Saint Peter Bapti- 
 zed. 
 
 The Cemiterio Vaticano was placed on the ViaTrionfale near the 
 Temple of Apollo^nd. the Circ of Nero, in the Gardens ofNero where 
 now the Church of Saint Peferftands: which befides the Tombs of 
 Chriftians had in it alfo a Font for holy Baptifme,which for the moft 
 part was not in others.i 
 
 Seaven miles diftant from Rome was the Cemiterio called adNim- 
 phas, in Severus his polleffion on the Via Nomentana, where the 
 holy Marty res bodies were enterred. As Pope Alexanders, &c. 
 
 Two miles without the City was the Cemeterio vecchio, amplified 
 by the E. Calijius the Pope from whom alfo it took a name. Herein 
 were certain fubterranean places called Catacombe , and in them 
 a deep Pit, wherein the bodies of the Apoftles Peter and Pad were 
 layed. 
 
 *Ckk Near 
 
2l8 
 
 The HiRory oilT ALT, Part 11. 
 
 Near to the C emit erio y diSanCalijio, was that ot~ San Sotero } .and\n 
 the fame quarter lay that of San Zeferino the Pope contiguous with 
 the Cat ecombe and that of San Calijio. 
 
 TheQemeterio of CalepodioFrete, was two miles forth the FortaGi- 
 anicolefe in the Via Amelia, near San Pancratia. 
 
 That of Fretejiato Frete in the Via Appia, where Pope Vrban was bu > 
 ried. 
 
 That of Santo Partiano Papa near to Santi Abdon and Sennen. 
 That of Cjriaco in the pofldfion of Veriani near the Church San Lo- 
 renzo without the Wall. 
 
 That of Lucina in the Via Amelia , forth the G&teSan Fancra- 
 tio. 
 
 That of Aproniano in the Via Latina not far from the City, where 
 Santa Eugenia was buried. 
 
 That of San Felice the Pope,a mile without Rome on the Via Ame- 
 lia, adjoined to that of Calepodio. 
 
 That of Prifcilla, called alfo Marcello t from the Pope Marcelks in 
 the Via Vecchia, three miles forth the City, was dedicated by the faid 
 Pope Marcellus. 
 
 That of San Timoteo in the Via qfiienfe is comprehended now in the 
 Church of San Paulo. 
 
 That of Novella three miles off Rome in the ViaSalaria. 
 That of Balbinabetween the Via Appia, and Ardeatina , near the 
 Church of San Marco the Pope, was named alfo San Marco from the 
 faid Popes name. 
 
 That of San Giulio the Pope in the Via Flaminia near the Church 
 San Valentino without the Cities Walls. This alfo may be feen in 
 the Vineyard of the Heremitanes of St. Augujiino. 
 That of San Giulio the Pope in the Via Amelia* 
 That of San Giulio the Pope in the Via Portuenfe. 
 That of San Damajo , between the Via Ardeatina, and the Ap- 
 pia. 
 That oisant Anajiatio the Pope within theCity in the Efquiline prae. 
 cinfts in the Bourg Orfo , near Santa Bibiana. The Orfo was near 
 the Porta Taurina , in the Via Tiburtina by the Palace of Lieu 
 nut. 
 
 That of S. Her mete , or Domitilla, appointed by Pope relagius in 
 the Z 7 /* yWerf */«<* . 
 
 That of San Nicomede, in the Via Ardeatina feaven miles off 
 Rome. 
 
 That of San Agnefe in the Via Nomentana. 
 That ofsFelicita in the Piw Salaria. 
 That of the Giordani , where Alejfandro was buried. 
 That of S<*#/i Nero? and Archielo in the Via Ardeatina, two miles 
 forth the City. 
 
 That of S. Felice and Adauto in the Via qfiienfe two miles without 
 Rome. 
 
 That of S<*«Jz Tibu&io and Valeriano in the Labicana, three miles 
 without fitfwe. 
 
 That of S<*«fi P/Vfro and Marccllino iatheViaLabicana ,• near the 
 Church S<i»*d Helena. 
 That of Sdwfi iWara; and Marcellianom theVia Ardeatina. 
 
 W That 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROM E. 
 
 2I$> 
 
 That of S. Gianuario reftored by Pope Gregory the 3d. 
 
 That of Santa. Petronilla, adorned by Pope Gregorio. 
 
 That of Santa Again a Girolo in the Via Amelia. 
 
 That of OrJoatPortenza. 
 
 The Cemeterio Cardino in the Via Latin a. 
 
 That tra'due Lauri atS. Helena. 
 
 That of S. tiriaco in the Via Ojiienfe. 
 But we tnuft obferve, that Ajioljo King of the Longobardi teariog up 
 out of the earth about Rome the bodies of many Saints , deftroyed 
 alfo their Cemeterii or burying places, and that the Popes Paolo and 
 Pafchale } repofed within the City, in the Churches of S Ste- 
 fano t S. silvejiro, and S, Prafcede , many bodies of Saints then lying 
 in thofe Cemeterii which were ruinated and layed waft. And that the 
 Chriftians were buried in the Cemeterii within Tombes and Sepul* 
 chresof Marble.orof brick,and of thofe Sepulchres fome were here- 
 ditary, others beftowed in gift, and that at laft places were ailigned 
 particularly for the Sepulture of Chriftians to wit Church- 
 yards, &c. 
 
 iu.^tj?.««i-^^«35fftOT^«^^?.«^OT^W«**^*** 
 
 The Roman fixed {rations , granted by feveral Popes 
 
 to divers Churches of Saints, with great pri- 
 
 viledges and Indulgencies. 
 
 THe firft Sunday of the Ad- 
 vent is celebrated at Santa 
 Maria Maggiore. 
 
 The fecond at S. Croce di Jeru- 
 falem. 
 
 The third at S. Pietro. 
 
 The Wednesday of that feafon 
 at St. Maria Maggiore. 
 
 The Fryday at the DodeciApojlo- 
 li. 
 
 The Saturday at S. Pietro. 
 
 The Vigils of the Nativity at 
 S. Maria Maggiore. 
 
 In the firft Mafs of the Nativi- 
 ty at Santa Maria Maggiore al Pre- 
 fepio. 
 
 In the fecond Mafs at S. An- 
 ajlAJia. 
 
 In the the third at s. Maria 
 Maggiore. 
 
 On St. Stephens day at S. Stefa- 
 nonel Monte Celio. 
 
 On St. "John the Apoftles day at 
 S. Maria Maggiore. 
 
 TheFeaft of the Innocents at 
 S* Paolo. 
 
 The day of the Circumcifioo 
 of our Lord at Santa Maria be- 
 yond the Tyber. 
 
 The day of the Epiphany or 
 T welfe day after Chriftmafs at S. 
 Pietro. 
 
 TheSeptuagejfima Sunday at S. 
 Lorenzo without the Walls. 
 
 The SexageJJima Sunday atS. 
 Taolo. 
 
 The ^uinquagejjima at Santo 
 Pietro. 
 
 The firft day of the guadragef- 
 jima or Lent at SantaSabiua. 
 
 The fecond at S. Gregorio. 
 
 The third at San Giovanni and 
 Paolo. 
 
 The Saturday &t S. Trifone. 
 Kkk 2 The 1 
 
22o 
 
 TheHiftory of ITAL f, Part II J 
 
 The firft Sunday of Lent at S. 
 Giovanni Later mo. 
 
 The Alunday at San Pietro in 
 Vincola. 
 
 The tuefday at Santa Anajiajia. 
 
 The Wednesday at £</»*<* Maria. 
 Alaggiore. 
 
 TheThurfdaji of Lent ;at S. Lo* 
 renzo in Panifperna. 
 
 The Fryday at the Srf#r* Dodeci 
 Apofioli. 
 
 The Satturdty at Sd»/0 Pze/ro. 
 
 The fecond Sunday of Lent atS. 
 A/ariaia Domenica. 
 
 The Almiday at San Clwente. 
 
 The tuefday at Sd«to Sabina 
 
 The Wednefday at S<*«ta Cecilia. 
 
 The thurfday atS ant a Maria'm 
 Tranjieverc. 
 
 The Friday at S<*« Vitale. 
 
 The Satturday at the Santi j^zr- 
 cell/noandPietro. 
 
 The third Sunday of Lent at S* 
 Lorenzo] without the Walls. 
 
 The Alunday at S<*# Marco. 
 
 The tuefday at S<*»to Potentia- 
 na. 
 
 The Wednefday at S^« £(/?<?. 
 
 The thurfday at the S<a»f* Ctf/"- 
 »!«? and D ami ano. 
 
 The FnV/r? at 5, Lorenzo in i»- 
 
 The Saturday at Santi Sufanna. 
 
 The Fourth Sunday of Lent at 
 S,3#f4 Cr<?f e in jerufalem. 
 
 The Alunday at the S<*»/i ^xafro 
 C#r0»dfi. 
 
 The luefday at San Lorenzo in 
 Damafo. 
 
 The Wednefday at San P^Wtf. 
 
 The thurfday at the S4»f/ Sjfoe- 
 firo arid Martino. 
 
 The Friday at Sd»r<? Eufebio. 
 
 The Saiturday atS^wNw/oin 
 Canere. 
 
 The fifthSunday inLent called 
 the Paffion Sunday at S<*# Yittro- 
 
 The Munday at S** Grifogono. 
 
 ThcTuefday at Sj« guirico. 
 
 The Wednefday atSantoMar' 
 cello. 
 
 The Thurfday at S^fo /j^//*. 
 
 The Friday at S. Stephano in 
 Afonte Celio. 
 
 The Satturday at S<*« Giovanni 
 before the P<?r/d Latina. 
 
 The Palme Sunday at &*# G/0- 
 £><*#»? Later ano. 
 
 The Munday at Sd« Prafcede. 
 
 The Tuefday at Sawta Prijca. 
 
 The Wednefday at Santa Prifca, 
 The holy ihurfday atSanGiovan. 
 ni Later ano. 
 
 The good Fryday called Paraf- 
 ceve at Sd«to Cw e in Hierufalem. 
 
 The Satturday at &*« Giovanni 
 Laterano. 
 
 Eafter day or the Sunday of 
 the Refurreftion of our Lord at 
 <*<*«*<* Maria Alaggiore. 
 
 The Munday at <?<*# Pittro. 
 
 The tuefday at S<*» P^o/p. 
 
 The Wednefday at £#» Lorenzo 
 without the Walls. 
 
 The thurfday at the ^wri £0- 
 <&«' Apofioli. 
 
 The Friday at Santa Alar ia Ro. 
 tonda. 
 
 TheSaturday before theOftavc 
 called Sabato inAlbis, at San Gio- 
 vanni Laterano. 
 
 The Sunday of the octave from 
 Eafter day called Domenica in ^4/- 
 />#• at £<*» Pancratio. 
 
 The Feaft of the Afcention at 
 Stf« Pietro. 
 
 The Vigil of the Pentecoftat 
 San Giovanni Laterano. 
 
 The Pentecoft Sunday at 5j» 
 
 The Alunday atSan Pietro in Vin, 
 cola. 
 
 The Tuefday at &t«f<f Anajiajia. 
 
 The Wednefday at Santa Maria 
 Maggiore. 
 
 The Ihurfday at S*« Lorenzo 
 without the Walls. 
 
 The Frw&iy at the Santi rWrci 
 Apofioli. 
 
 And the Saturday of this week 
 of Penticoft at San Pietro. 
 
 The 
 
Part II* 
 
 ROME. 
 
 The Wednesday of the Feafts in The Friday at the Dodeci Apoji- 
 Septentber zx. Santa Maria Maggi- oli. 
 ore. The Satturday at San Pietro. 
 
 Befides which there are other ftations for every Feaftof thofe Saints 
 Apoftles, Martyrs, Confeffors, or Virgines to whom any Church 
 is dedicated in Rome t and for [the moft part thofe Churches on the 
 daies of their Feafts are vifited with a multitude of People, his S. 
 himfelf often celebrating Mafle or at leaft being then prefent, aten- 
 dcd by a great number of Cardinals and Prelate?. 
 
 y.oaJioiwi'.JbJ.oi* &xna aadadW.dsd oifa t&lh&ximvi&i 
 
 Of the Vatican Library of the Pope. 
 
 fM 
 
 THe Vatican Library of the Pope is every day frequented by lear- 
 ned Men , and meritorioufly for that it is filled with the moft 
 antient books in all the Profeffions, as well Greek, Latine, and He- 
 brew as other Languages writtten with the pen in Parchment 
 And ,.tis certainly to be admired , that thofe Popes under fo many 
 difgraces, negotiations, Foreign and civil Wars and fackings of 
 Rome, (hould ftill apply their chiefeftftudy and pain in heaping to- 
 gether Books, and preferving thofe colleftions. 
 
 Sixtus the 5th in our time beautified and aggrandized it wonder- 
 fully adjoining to it a noble Fabrick, and caufing moft excellent pi- 
 ctures to be drawn about it; Which Guglielmo Bianco a French Man 
 praifeth in a lingular Poem: and Fryer Angelo Rocca by way of Hifto- 
 rytreatescf itdiffufely. Asalfo Onofrio Pannino of the fame Or- 
 der. 
 
 Many great Scholars have only defired favour from the Pope as 
 to publilhan Index ofthe Greek and Latine Books extant in that 
 Library , that by this means recourfe might be had to Rome from all 
 parts both for the enlightningand correcting Authors, who have 
 been altogether unfeen, or are els printed full I of errors. This the 
 noble City Augufta permitted, and by that publique Index fet forth 
 invited all to go thither for comparing the uncorrected for their a- 
 mendment. How many bookes have Francis the firftand Hen- 
 r^the fecond Kings of France fent forth tolight. How many benefits 
 have the tVepublique of Scholars had from the Grand Duke ofTufca. 
 nies Bibliotheque .• and how much more advantage would all the 
 world receive from fuch an Index ofthe Pontifical Library, which is 
 of fplendidly royal. 
 
 Other Libraries there are alfo in Rome,zs that ofthe Capitol.That 
 which appertained to the Cardinal Sirleto now to Cardinal Colonna t 
 valeued at 2ocoo. Crownes: That ofthe Family of Sforza^nd that 
 of the Famejt i abounding with Greek Authors. 
 
 Wepafs by many Libraries of private perfons no lefs replenilhed 
 with rare Books as tha t of Fnlvio Orjino. That of Aldo Manntio (who 
 palTed to a better life at green yeersjeon lifting of 8cuthoufandBooks. 
 We muft obferve though , that Fnlvio Orjino in the yeer 1 doo.added 
 his to the Library of the Pope. And that Afcanio Colonna (never e- 
 
 L 1 1 nough 
 
%z% 
 
 The HiOory oilTALT, Part II. 
 
 aough to be praifed)bought that oi Urleto for 14 thouland Ciownes 
 deputing to it intelligentKeeperswith honeft ftipends,that it may ra- 
 ther dayly increafe, then at all diminiih. 
 
 The gre.it Duke of Florence his noble Library is known to have 
 good numbers of Greek Books, and that of Vrbino , of Mathemati- 
 cal Writers. That of the Malatefii is in Cefena in the Minoritei Con- 
 vent. In Bologna, that of the preaching Fathers. In Venice that of the 
 Republique. In Padoua is that of Gio Vicenzo Pinello famous enough: 
 but lets return to the Libraria Vaticana. 
 
 Tis certainly concluded that the Gentiles ufually preferved their 
 Booksin the publiqueLibraries as well as private,8ctis no lefs evident 
 that the Catholick Church from Chrifts time to ours had alwaics in 
 divers places facred Libraries to advantage fhadents : wherefore St. 
 hugufline'm the Narration which he makes, De perfecutione hrrianornm 
 jnEccleJiahlsxanckinafaieSithatia the Chriftian Churches there were 
 Libraries,and that with the greateft care they prefer ve d theirBooks s 
 and accufeth the impiety of theArrians amongir other things for their 
 taking away and burning the Books of the Church.Saint Jerome like- 
 wife makes mention of the fame Libraries, when writing to Tarn a- 
 chms by his Books againft Jovinianus he faiesthat he kept in the Chur* 
 chesLibraries Eufebius alfo in his 119 Book at the 1 1 Chapter writeth, 
 that the Church had holy Booksin the Oratories, and that in Dio- 
 clejianr dayes,( to the end the name of Chriftian might be wholly e ■' - 
 tinguilhed) the Oratories were overtbro wen , and the books burnt 
 nor does there want conjectures hereof from the holy Scripture for 
 that Saint Paul writing to Timothy 3 commands him to tranfport with 
 himfelf his Books to Rome, chiefly thofe in 'parchment.* andinthe 
 firft to thecorinthiansfie teftifies that in theCorinthhw Chnrches,they 
 ufed to read the Prophetick books. Eufebius in his 5 book of the Ec- 
 clefiaftical hiftory at the i oth. Chapter faies , that the Apoftle Saint 
 Bartholomew going to prea ch the golpel to the Indians , left there the 
 Golpelof Saint Matthew writ by his own hand: Which very copy , 
 Crigene afterwards found in the Indies , and from thence carryed it 
 (as Saint Jerome averts ) to Alexandria, when he alio brought from 
 the Eaft rhe Canonical books of the old Teftament. Laftly theHe- 
 brews diligently conferved their facred books* and on every Sab- 
 bath read the Books of Mofes in their Synagogues wherefore tis reaso- 
 nable enough to believe , that the Chriftians have alwaies obferved 
 their ruIe,of diligentlycopy ing and preferving the propheuck books 
 thofe of the Apoftles and thofe of the Evangelifts : Buttheplaees 
 where thefe books were layed up , were not alwaies called by the 
 fame name, but fometimes hrchivium a Treafury of Bolls Jcrmium 
 a Coffer where evidences were kept, Bibliotheca or Libraria a Biblio- 
 theque or Library as in fe veral Authors appears. 
 
 Then indubitably they ufed to lay up in places deputed to that 
 purpofe the Memorials of greateft importance , the Books of the Bi- 
 ble of the old and new Teftament,and the Books of the holy Fathers-, 
 many whereof written by their ownAuthorsthrougbthi?meanshave 
 reached onr times,and will continue to future Ages if God fopleafe, 
 And becaufe the collecting aud conferving thofe books, required 
 a great expence as well in writers, as Inquifitors, and conferva- 
 torsjtbercfore the richeft Chriftians comonly contributed every one 
 
 fome 
 
PartllT 
 
 ROME. 
 
 fome proportion and part, as a common ftock for theChurch to have 
 the fame effected. 
 
 And in particular we have great obligation to the Emperor Con- 
 fiantinc the Great, who (as Eujebms recounts in his third Book of his 
 life) without regard to the vaft expence , made it his bufincls to col- j 
 left and fecure the facred Books, which in the times of the perfceu. ! 
 tions the Gentiles had wholy difperfed. 
 
 After which thegathering,keeping,and choofing Books, was par- 
 ticularly the charge of the Bifhops and Prieirs , tor which end i hey 
 were wont to maintain Notaries,Stationers , and Women t xercifed 
 and skilled in writing, as may be gathered from the life of Ambrofi- 
 us and of Origcne. Among all other Collectors of Books r (interim the 
 Matter ot the Alexandrian School is efteeuied the moll cliligcn::like- 
 wife Famfilo the Prieft and Martyr(as £«/^/'«/ielates);n-f:itute<i and 
 governed with great induftry a fairLibrary, placing there the Books 
 of Origene and fuch other good Books as he could get written by the 
 hand :ofwhich Cafarcan Library St .Jerom aga\nR Rufimts takes notice. 
 Furthermore Alexander, the Bifhop of Jerujalem got together a good 
 quantity of Books, as of BetiUu^HippolitH^Caius and other Eccleiiafri> 
 cal writerSjand with them compofed a worthy Library , as Enfebim 
 teftifics, who alfo confeflethhimfelf to have been affiled by the faid 
 Alexander in his own Ecclefialhcal Hiftory. 
 
 And not to omit the diligence of fome of later times in the like 
 work, lets remember, that Pope Clement the fii ft, fucceiTorto St. 
 Peter , who wrote many Epiftles profitable to ths Roman Church^de' 
 puted feaven Scriveners in the feaven pnecincls of Rome, who were 
 maintained out of theChurches Revenne for no other thing then di- 
 ligently to fearch out and write the Afts of the martyrs. And^wi- 
 cetus the Popemadeithisbufinefsto find out a fecure place for the 
 laying up the lives of the Martyrs wrote by thofe Scriveners. Pope 
 Fabianus ordained feaven Deacons, forfupervifois^othofe Nota- 
 ries,to take the better care in executing the charge of collecting and 
 true recital of the Martirs lives : Of which Scriveners the rdions 
 of the Roman Ccuncel under Sihejier, give good teftimony Pope7«- 
 lius fucceflbr toMarcus who followed Sil, determined that the faid Mo* 
 tariesabovenainedfhould diligently gather together, whatever ap- 
 pertained to the amplifying, and fortifiingof the holy Catholick 
 Faith,& that all the things by them writ fliould be revifed by the/W- 
 micerio t or chief,created to that purpofe,who afterwards was to place 
 and keep in the Church what he had approved. 
 
 Pope Hilary was the firtt (known ) that built a Library,who erect- 
 ed two near, the Founts of the Laterano, wherein (for that in thofe 
 times there were but few Books, and they at great price becaufe 
 wholly written by the hand) he caufed the writings of the Roman 
 Church, the decretal Epiftles of Popes,the Actions oftheCounfels, 
 the recantations and opinions of the Hereticks,and the Books of the 
 holy Fathers, to belayed up andpreferved for the publiqueufeof 
 the Chriftians. 
 
 But to return to our purpofe of the Vatican Library: we muft know 
 that befide the abovenamed Libraries , the Popes ufed Co great dili- 
 gence in colled ing books, as they put together one greater than the | 
 two former in the Popes Palace on the Later mo , which remained 
 
 Lll 2 __ therein 
 
 i%i 
 
iq. 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part U.I 
 
 there about one thoufand yeers, till Clement the 5th. tranflating the] 
 Apoftolick Sea into France, with it carryed the faid Library in the 
 Laterano to Avignon in France, which continued there about 1 30 
 yeers ,till the difference was appeafed between the Catholicks.Pope 
 Martin the 5th. caufed the faid Library to be reconveyed to F.ome, ' 
 placing it in the Vatican , where his S. had then chofen and fetlcd his 
 Hefidence: where they were difpofed confufedly without any 
 order, and a good part loft. Whereto Sixtus the 4th. having regard 9 
 8c it appearing to him infupportable,that fo great a quantity of book s 
 fhould go to mine through ill government, he built a place on pur, 
 pofe for them adorning it by all poflible means, placing them me. 
 thodically 3 and adding fuch other Books as he could come by,and or- 
 dered the Officers deputed to that end , to govern them with d ili- 
 gence, endowing it with a hundred Crowns a yeer in perpetuity, 
 being the donative which the Colledgeof writers of the Pontifical 
 Letters was ufed to make the Popes yeerly,and this was beftowed on 
 the Library Keepers for their diligence and pains. This then is the 
 Vatican Library, filled with themoft choife Books that could be had 
 a great part written in parchment with the pen: others printed: and 
 their number exceeds fix thoufand books. 
 
 Antiently the Prefidentof this Library was called Lihrario^ then 
 Cancellario , whofe office was to collect with diligence not only the 
 Books,but alfo to copy the Bulls,the Popes decrees,the Acts andCon- 
 ftitutions of the Synods, and to keep every thing exa&ly , becaufe 
 it appeared convenient,that the Cancellario or as he is now called the 
 Secretary of the Pope, fhould have the managing and preferving of 
 the Books,the Library being in thofe dayes as twere the Office of the 
 Secretary or Chancery: but in our times the Offices of the Chancery 
 and of the Library are divided. 
 
 They ufed to elect Men of the greateft knowledge and of good 
 life for Prefidents of the Library as Anajiajius in the Life of Pope Gre- 
 gory the fecond rehtes^hichG regery he faies was firft Prefident there 
 who being fent to Conjiantinople by Pope Confiantine to the Empe- 
 ror Juftinian the fecond, and being queftioned by him he anfwered 
 learnedly: and the Bibliothecary in the lifeof the faid Gregory the 
 fecond faies that he was from a boy brought upin the Lateranian pa- 
 lace, and being made Deacon by Pope Sergius took upon him the 
 charge of the Library. at laft Sixtus the 4th. on the iodayofjfo/y 
 1475. being the fixth of his Papacy, created a perpetual Keeper to 
 the Vatican Library inverting him in that Office by his Bull, 
 
 Bartolomeo flatina of Cremona the Apoftolick writer, and familiar 
 of sixtus the fourth was the firft prefident to the Vatican Library , for 
 which fervice he had 10 Crowns per Month for his maintenance, be- 
 fides provifion for his own Table with 5 fervants and one horfe,and 
 the ordinary Vails, which the popes ufually allowed to their Famili 
 ants, as Wood, Salt, Oyl, Vinegar, Candles, Brooms, and other 
 the like things. 
 
 Bartolomeo Manfredo a Bolonian Doctor of the Canons was by Six- 
 tut the q.th.annno. 1481: in the nth of his Popedome elected to that 
 Charge in lieu of the deceafed Platina. This Manfredo was a Fami- 
 liar acquaintance of the Popes,and wonderfully learned. And to add 
 fplendor to this Office the Pope ordained that the Prefidents of the 
 __„ Libraryj 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 US 
 
 Library for the future fhould be the firft Squires oftheRoman Popes 
 for ever, and fhould receive the accuftomed honors and profits: firft 
 giving fecurity to the Apoftolick Chamber of ten thoufandDuckats, 
 and taking anOath to keep faithfully and diligently the Library. Af- 
 ter Manfredo thefe following were fucceflively created. 
 Chrijiophoro rerjona a Roman Trior of Santa. Balbina in anno 1 484. 
 Giovanni Gionifii a Venetian in anno 1487. 
 
 A Spaniard who was Arch' deacon of Barccllona in anno 1 49 2. Pof- 
 fibly this was that Girolamp Taolo Cathalano Canon of Barccllona Do- 
 dor of both Laws ,who was Chamberlain of Alexander the fixth,whofe 
 books fet forth and communicated the Pracfife of the Roman Chan- 
 cery, printed anno 1493. being the fecond of the third Alexan- 
 der. 
 
 Giovanni Fonfalia a Spaniard Bifhop oflteran, in anno 1 49 3. 
 
 Volatcrano Arch Bifhop of Ragufaanno 1505. 
 
 Tomafo Ingeranni^or Fedra Volaterano anno 1510. 
 
 Filippo Beroaldo a Bolonian 1 516. 
 
 Zenobio Azziaiolo a Florentine of the preaching order 1518. 
 
 Girolamo Alexandra dellMota Arch Bifhop Brundujian Cardinal I 537* 
 
 Augujtino Stenco Eugubino Biihop of Chiama. 
 
 Mar cello Cervino of Monte Pulciano Prieft,Cardinal of the holy crofs 
 in Jerujalem^as created by Paul the third . He would not accept the 
 ftipend, nor the four fportule or Fees ufually given to the Prefidents 
 of the Library but diftributed thofe emoluments to the two Latin 
 Correctors, and to him whofe charge was to find out and place the 
 Books. 
 
 Roberto deNobili of Monte FulcianoDean Cardinal , with the Title 
 of Santa Maria in Dominica was created by rWthe fourth anno 
 
 1555- 
 
 Alfonfo Carajfa Dean Cardinal of Santa Maria in D^/»/"*;Vj,created 
 by Taul the fourth Anno 1 5 58. 
 
 Marc Antonio Amulio Prieft Cardinal a Venetian knno 1565. 
 
 GuglielmoSirleto Pried Cardinal of Calabria the 20th day of May 
 Anno 1582. 
 
 Antonio Caraffa.PrieR Gardinal,with the Title of San Giovanni and I 
 Paulo a Neapolitan Anno 1585. 
 
 Guglielmo Alano Prieft Cardinal an Englifh man,created by Clement 
 the 8th. Anno 1591. 
 
 Marc AntonioQolonna Biihop Cardinal s creafed by the fame Clement 
 Anno 1 594. 
 
 Antonio Saulio Prieft Cardinal created by the fame clement Anno 
 
 1597. 
 
 Andbecaufetwas irr.pofibleforonefingleperfon to give fuffici- 
 entattendance to the government of fo many Books the fame sixtus 
 the fourth gave to the Prefident of the Library, two other perpe- 
 tual Keepers, perfons of good Faith , anddiligencetoaffiftinthat 
 charge,allowing to each 3 crowns falary perMoneth, and his Dyer, 
 and the other abovenamed perquifits, asalfoforonefervant. The 
 firft of which were Giovanni Caldelli a Clerk of Lyons , and Pietro De- 
 metric of Luca t who was Reader in the Popes common Hall, created 
 thciothyeerofSwc/K/hispapacy^the firft the 29th. of, April the fe- 
 cond the firft of May. Demetrio being dead, Julius the fecond, the 
 
 Mmm fixth 
 
zi6 
 
 The Hiltory of IT ALT, Part 11. 
 
 iixth of July in the eighth yeer of his Pontificacy created Lorenzo Par. 
 memoprictt of the Chamber. This pope the 2i>dof hugujl in the firft 
 yter of of hisPopedome granted a Load of Charcoals weekly to the 
 laid Keepers 9 but now for the whole yeer is allowed but 24 Load 
 only: In theycer 1 535. FauJioSabeo&Brefcian Poet and Nicolo Magio- 
 ranoHidronteno fucceedea thefe,the latter of whom being created Bi- 
 ihop oiMancfoliYivai fucceeded Guglielwo sirleto t and him his Bro- 
 ther Girolamo sirleto^FederigoRonaldo Valneaje being created pro- 
 thonotsry followed Sabeo, and Martn Ronaldo Brother of the faid Fe- 
 derigo fucceeded loGirolamo Sjrleto. 
 
 Furthermore the fame Sixtus (that nothing might be wanting to 
 the compleating the fplendor of the pontifical Library ) created 
 three with the denomination of exquifite writers, the one in Creek 
 afecond in Latin, a third in Hebrew , with their Dyet, and four 
 crowns a moneth, but Paulus the fourth doubled the greek salary 
 and added two other Greek writers, and one Latin, to the one of 
 which Greek writers and to the Latin he afiigned five Crowns by 
 the Moneth,and two Sportule , which is a certain Fee payed to the 
 Pope or Saint refer, by evety perfon that got the better in any fuite 
 in Law , but to the other Greek he afiigned two Sportule and four 
 Crowns only. He likewife ordained one Binder with provifion of 
 foure Crowns. 
 
 Laftly MarcelloCorvino. Prefident of the Library inftituted two 
 Correctors and Reviforsof the Latin Books,between whom he divi- 
 ded the benefits accruing to thePrefidents denying to retain them to 
 himfelf as aforetold, and gave two fportulc to each , being the four 
 due to himfelf as prefident,afiigning aSalary of fiveGrowns to the one 
 and four to the other and the tenth Crown which remained to him of 
 the ten crowne by the Moncth afiigned to the prefidents he deputed 
 that for him whom Paul the 4th had inftituted for fweeper, to whom 
 the regalies were not granted. The firft Latin Correctors were Ga- 
 briel Faernooi Cremona Nicolo Maggioranojio whom Pius the 4th. ad- 
 ded a Greek Gorreftor 9 giving to each of them ten Crowns of gold 
 by the Moneth. 
 
 CHAP. XI. 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 Of the Ceremony in kifsing the fett 
 
 of the Roman Bifhop. 
 
 CHAP. XL 
 
 Takenoutof GIOSEFFO StEPHANO Bi 
 fhopof 0R10LJN0. 
 
 Wherein is (hewed, that for good reafo ns the Pope 
 wears aCrofs upon his Shoe or Slipper, and the Cbri- 
 jiian People kifs his Feet. 
 
 AMong the many things the Popes had given them to bear and 
 carry for enfignes of Glory and dignity by the Em per or Con- 
 fiantine theGreat,with which for long time together they have 
 gone adorned,ware a pairofSlippers made of the whiteft linnen cloth 
 for the Ornament of their Feet. ( which Slippers we may name 
 Pumpes for their being fo apted to the Feet ) whereof we read an e- 
 fpecial memorial in the Afrs of SanSilvefire % for that the Emperor 
 Conftantine commanded that the Popes of Rome mould cloth their 
 Feet with the pureft Linnen,in imitation of the high Priefts and an- 
 tient Prophets, who we read in the fifth Book oiHerodian were thus 
 vefted. And tis moft certain,that the Sandals or flippers or the Roman 
 Bifhop are alwaies bedecked with fome fingul ir Ornament, differing 
 from thofe which ordinary Bifhops wear at the celebration of their 
 Mafs, otherwife how could the bleiTed Antidms near Segeberto in 
 Anno^x 8 diftinguifh the Pope by the flippers he had on , nor could 
 that have happened, if thofe of the Pope had not had a peculiar 
 Mark differing from thofe of theBilhops. San Bernardo in his forty 
 fecond Epiftle declares that the flippers are a part of thofe Enfignes 
 which the Popes arc obliged to wear at the folemnizing of Mafs. 
 
 The fame thing alfo is averredby Innocenzol 1 1, in hisfirff. Book 
 de Divinis officii*, in the 24th Chapter. IvoCornatcnje, in 1 he 76th. 
 Epiftle, and in his fpeech de jignificatiene Indumcntorum, Rabatio in 
 his firft Book the 126. Chapter Durando in his third Book the a8th. 
 Ghapter and many others. 
 
 And al though xht Roman High Priefts antientlyufed this fort of 
 Shooing with the whiteft Linnen, we muft neverthelefs, cenfe fs,that 
 now the Cuftome is changed , and in lieu thereof are wome a cer- 
 tain red fort of fhooing, with a crofs wrought on them the occafion 
 of which mutation may be attributed partly to thereve u nee oJthe 
 People, and partly to the confideration of the Popes perfon. 
 Wherein will be manifefted the humility of thePope,who knowing 
 all Perfons prone to the killing of hisFeet, defiredtohave thefign 
 
 o< 
 
TheHiftory of ITALY, P art II. 
 
 of the Crofs fixed thereon,to the end that fo much honour might be 
 payed to the moft holy fign of the Crofs rather than to his own pro- 
 per perfon: And that his Holinefs would alfo reduce into the minds 
 of the faithfull which kifs his feet,the paflion and death of our Savi- 
 our. With great Judgment then, moft honeft intention and good 
 end, have they introduced this wearing the figne of the Crofs upon 
 the popes Sandals, fince that the killing of the crofs is an Aft of the 
 Reverence born to it, ufed in the moft holy Church antiently, whofe 
 cuftom it was in that manner to reverence not only the holy Croile, 
 but alfo the holy Images of Chrift and of the Saints, theVifageand 
 headsof which Images the faithfull of old accuftomed to approach,in 
 token of refpect and honour,asN/ce/br«/ in his feaventeenth Book the 
 25th. Chapter recounts, and Zonarain the third tome of the Life of 
 Theodofilo. 
 
 The fublime Enfigne of the Romans made in manner of the Crofs 
 of the Saviour, which was wont to be born before Cotijiantine the 
 Emperor, and was adored by the Senate and the Souldiery,is called 
 L aboria, perchance for that in Latine it fignifies Labour, to wit for 
 that that blcfled Enfigne put the Souldiers in good heart and re- 
 membrance , when they were near toyled with fighting, or for that 
 they bore up that Enfign when they marched, or els for that they 
 muftred the Souldiers under thatBanner to fignifie to them the pains 
 they muft take under it,as Paolo Diacono 3 relates in the 1 1 th. of his 
 Hiftory, and Nicole Trinio in the confults of the Burgari, at the 7th, 
 Chap and 33. P aolino Nolano demonttrates very clearly in the42d»E- 
 piftle 3 the Cuftone, which was,that the princes and great Lords kif- 
 fed the Crofs,fubmitting to it all the Banners of their glory , and 
 worldly M jefty. 
 
 Nor hav they born this Reverence to the Crofs alone, but alfo to 
 all thelnfuuments of the Paflion of our Lord, as sant AmbrofiHs 
 in a difcourfe he makes of the death of TA»e<?<&y/*/,averreth,touching 
 one of theNayls which was pierced through the Feet ofourSaviour. 
 To come then to the other Head,wherefore we judge it convenient 
 the change of the white flippers or fandals, for flippers or fa ndals 
 with the Crofs wrought on them 5 we fay that herein the Popes 
 have endeavoured to demonftrateexprefly thelmageof the Apofto- 
 lick charge becaufe they havinng received a charge to teach to all 
 the world , and to preach the Gofpel, have likewife adorned their 
 feet with th? figne of peace and of the Gofpel : thatfo they may 
 walk perfecf through the World in vertue of the figne of the croffe. 
 Ifaiah the Prophet faith thus, Beautifull are the Feet of thofewho 
 preach Peace, and publifh good tidings , as if that forfeeing this II- 
 fage, he fhould wonder, how the heads of the Chriftian People 
 fhould find out fo convenient an ornament to put up- 
 on their Feet, fo that the Nations beholding them fhould not only 
 remain full of gladncfie for the good newes which they had heard 
 from them } but fhould alfo perceive a certain content for having 
 feen them all beautifull, all adorned, and fignalized to the very feet 
 with the figure of the holy Crofs. Becaufe tis ufual to weigh in qua- 
 lified perfons, all their Aftions, all their words,all their Veftments 
 and habits to their very feet, and fo the Bridegroom praifing his 
 Spoufe in the Canticles ^fets down as a great concern, that having 
 
 fain 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROM E> 
 
 119 
 
 fair (hoes (he walked gracioufly. lertullian in his Book of the habits 
 of women, puts a difference between Culto Neatnefs, an&Omamen- 
 *0,Ornament,faying that neatnefs confifts in the quality of the Vefts 
 asotGold,Silver.and the like habiliments, but thatOmament con- 
 fifts in the difpofition of the parts of that body which wears it. Then 
 the Roman Bifhops, whorconcileand make Peace by way of their 
 Letters and Minifters to all Nations to the great aftonilhtnent of all, 
 have obtained and purfued the one and the other of the aforenamed 
 parts, that is to fay Neatnefs and Ornament. 
 
 Furthermore the fign of the Grofs is made on the forehead and 
 Breafts of the faithful! , to the end that as Augujiim faith upon the 
 30th rfalm, they may not fear toconfefsthefanh,and having over- 
 come the Devil, they may carry the Bannef of their Viciory in their 
 forehead, therefore alfo is the fame figne worne upon the feet of the 
 Pope ,that he by that fign may be directed in that good way through 
 which he is to lead all the People of God,thereby to fhew unto the 
 Pope, that to him was given this holy priviledge to be our guide by 
 means of the Crofs •• wherein(faith Saint Aujiin in t he 1 cth Sermon 
 de S an& is Tom 10 j are contained all the Myfteries and all the Sacra- 
 ments, he fortifies (as we may fay ) his feet with the Crofs , to the 
 end that he fhewing the way and we walking in it,none may wander 
 from good thoughts. It may alfo be faid that the Pope bears a Crofs 
 upon his feet, that in all perfecutionsand dangers all his people may 
 recur fecurely to his Feet , where remedy may be had to overcome 
 the difficulties, and doftrine to opprefle herefies if need require, as 
 tis written in Deutronomy at the 33d. Chapter, gki appropinquat pc 
 dibus accepit de do&rina ejus. Weighing all which confiderations,with 
 their foundation in the paflion of Chrift, very rationally have the 
 Popes placed this figne upon their feet >to evidence thefe myfterious 
 fignifications. Which is fo antient and firm^ t hat in the old Ima- 
 ges we fee no Pope drawn or carved who hath not alfo the crofs up- 
 on his Feet: from which confederations it appears rraniftftly , that 
 theperverfe and wicked Hereticks of our times are in a great error , 
 for expreffing their diflike of the Popes wearing a Crofs upon his 
 feet, faying thattisan undervaluation and want of due reverence 
 payed to the Crofs. 
 
 For anfwer whereunto by their favour/ Is it not true (that as 
 Cirillw in 3. Tomo contra "juliavumfoies ) the old ufage was to paint 
 Croffeson the entrances into houfes, and that (as Nuzimzenns in his 
 oration againft the fame faiesjon the garments of iheSouldiers were 
 fign e d Cr off es come from heaven, and that the Church to fuccor 
 dying perfons with fpiritual help, ufed to mark their feet with the 
 figne of the Crofs, and that twasufual to mark the bodies of beafts 
 with the Grofs, as faies Saincius Severus de Morbibus bono: and San 
 Chryfojiome-, in his demonftration guodDeusfit homo. Did they not 
 mark the houfes, the publick places,the Vefts, the Armories, and fi- 
 nally divers other ufual things with the Crofs, as Leoncio Cipriottioa.- 
 gainft the Je ws declares , to the end that in every place and in eve- 
 ry adrion , we may rub up our drowfie memories with the paffion of 
 Chrift our Lord : And fhall we afterwards fay, that it expreffeth lit- 
 tle reverence to the Crofs in placing it upon the feet ofChrifts Vi- 
 car, by which we not only are minded of the paffion of our Saviour 
 
 N n n when 
 
lp 
 
 The Hiflory of IT ALT, Part 11, 
 
 when we behold it,but intend that thereby is fignified,that we ought 
 not alone to fubmit totheCrofs, and tread down all worldly paili- j 
 ons, which to the purpofeare exprefled in Scripture with the name 
 of feet, butalfo for the Love of the paffion of Chrift to efteemat 
 nought what ever happens under the Moon. The which cannot be 
 fo well fignified, by placing the Crofs in any other places but on the 
 Feet of the Pope, to kifs which all the faithfullftrivingly run toge* 
 ther. 
 
 GIOVANNI STE PHANO to the purpofe 
 of the Exaltation of the Pope fpeaks 
 after this manner. 
 
 TheReafon wherefore they carry hisHolinefs 
 upon Mens Shoulders 
 
 TIs not from the purpofe to fay fomewhat of the Lifting up of 
 the Pope, fince that all old Authors when they fpeak of the 
 GreationofanyKingor Emperour, fay that he was elevated and it 
 may be that Claudianus fpeaks to this fenfe. 
 
 Sed mox cumfolita miles te voce levajfet. 
 
 Nor was this the cuftom of the Barbarous Nations only , but even of 
 the Romans themfelves who having chofenanyOne for their Em- 
 peror ^ lifted him on high , and carryed him upon their Shoulders : 
 fo faies Ammiams Marcullinus'va. his 22 book fpeaking of "julianut 
 sade Emperor by the Souldiers of France $ fo fets forth Cornelius 
 TtcitHs in his 20 book and the fame likewife fpeaks Cajjiodorns of 'the 
 Goths in his 20th Book Variacum Epi/i. 31, This cuftom Adon of Vi- 
 enna manifeftsin thefonsof Clothams: Juliamts captolinus fpeakiog 
 Oi the Giordani : and Herodian in his feventh book treating of 
 the fame. In which time, they did not only exalt the Roman 
 Princes as aforefaid, and Princes of other Nations, but likewife 
 the praefe#s of the City whom to honour the more they ufualiy 
 drew up and down the fhrcetsina Caroach with an officer going be- 
 fore, who proclaimed, that the prefect came \ and this is clearly de- 
 monftrated by Siniachus in his firft book & Cujjiodows in his 6th. from 
 24. But the Roman Bifhops who from God have chief authority over 
 theeternal way, for demonftration of then canity, wercwoatto 
 be conveighed through the City in a cei Lain Chariot,, horteftly 3 cr 
 meanly clothed, as Ammianus Marcellinns^ in his 27 th book avers in 
 his conceipt of Damascus and Vrcifinus to this point i" chat time 
 j when PreteftatHs put on the Pretejia ( which was a Robe the chief 
 1 Magifbate of Rome wore when they fate in Ma jefty ) be'ng then de- 
 finned Con ful: heprepofed the Bifhoprickof iheChnfHansto the 
 Confulflaip of the Roman people,and wa9 wont to fay to San Damaf- 
 chs the Pope (as San Girolamus alfo relates in his Epillle to Pammac- 
 
 chius 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 chwtjmakcme Bifhop o(Ronte i and I will foon make my felfa Chri- 
 ftian, from which words we may comprehend , that even in thofe 
 daies the Pontifical dignity moved the minds of the principal and 
 greateft perfons being that the Gonfulacy was a dignity to which all 
 others gave place, as in more Epiftles Cajfiodorns (hews in the i ot h. \ 
 book and Frotejiatus fo he might have been high Bifhop of the Chri- ! 
 ftians would not only have de ferted his old falfe Religion, but alfo I 
 Confulfhip. 
 
 That it was the manner of the antient Priefts to pafs in Cosches 
 for greater reputation, Tacitus in his 12th book clearly proves, 
 who fpeaking of Agrippina, faies,That fhee (to agrandize her repu- 
 tation this way) was drawn to the CampidogUo inaCaroacha thing 
 then only permitted to the Priefts and holy Druides for their digni- 
 ty* This cuftom was likewife ufed by the Virgins ( as may be col- 
 lected from the firft book of Artimedorus, his Pofitions J and chiefly} 
 of the Veftals , who were carryed in Litters, attended by many fer-j 
 vants with great Pomp, as Saint Ambrofe relates in his firft Epiftle to 
 Valentinian. 
 
 But the Ronton Bifhops, befides the Chariot and Coach wherein 
 * they publiquely pafTed through theCity,had alfo a fupportableChair 
 wherein being fate it was carryed upon the fhoulders of Men depu- 
 ted to that fervice, and who lived upon that profefDon which is ma- 
 nifeft enough, not only from that place of Duoaio, where be faits, 
 that in the fifth Synod, wasplacsd theChair or Throne of the Apo- 
 ftolick confeffion, but alfo more clearly from the moft antient ito- 
 man Order written before Celajius the Popes time, wherein wefinde 
 expreflions to this fence visa. 
 
 - When the Pope is entred into the Church , he does not inffantly 
 advance to the Altar, but firft goes into the Veftry fuftained by Dea- 
 cons,wl&}rece*!ved 8c afiifred him,whilehe defcended from his Chair 
 and to that effeft the faid Order feveral times relates the Ceremony 
 of placing the Pope in the Chair, when he was to take any Journey 
 and to fuftain him by the Arms in defcent from the Chair, being ar- 
 rived at the place where he reTolved to fray. 
 
 In which words is alfo to be obferved,< hat the faid Order calls this 
 Pontifical Chair in Latin Sellare, which properly fignifies a lVlaie- 
 flick Throne made for dignity , it being a Chair wrought with Art 
 and proportionable thereto. 
 
 As to the Popes being born up by hands, tis eafily manifefred , 
 that he was fo fupported not only at his defcent from the Chair, but 
 alfo upon feveral other occafions when not at all in the Chair^which 
 is proved by the examples of many Popes: As Stephen the fecond 
 (Taies Palatina^and Francefco Giovanetto in the 90th. Chapter was car- 
 ried upon fhoulders in the Church of Conftantine, and then in theLd 
 Ura.no and Adrian the fecond was fo born up in the Later ano 
 by the Clergy and by the chief of the Nobility theComunalty then 
 contending with the Clergy and Nobility for that honourable 
 Office, a s appears in the descriptions the 63d. Chapter, which be- 
 gins. Cum Adrianus Secundus , &c. And Gregory the ninth was 
 fo fuftained in the Laterano , laded with Gemmes and Gold. 
 
 At which cuftome none ought to wonder, fincefo long before 
 prophefied by Efaiah in the 49th Chapter be thefe words. Et ef~ 
 
 Nn 2 ferent\ 
 
 *l l I 
 
222 
 
 TheHiftory o llTALY, Par t II. 
 
 ferentfilios tuot inVlnis &filias jttper hnmeros portabmt, in ourEnglifh j 
 Tranllation tis thus rcndred. 
 
 And they fhall bring thy Sons in their Arms, and thy Daughters j 
 (hall be carry ed upon their moulders. 
 
 The occafion for which cuftome proceeds from the great reve- ; 
 rence wherewith the Princes of the World ought to obferve the * 
 Prefidentsof the Church 5 which Princes ought not to omit any con- 
 venient honour due to the Church, and fo confequently to the head 
 thereof. It ftands with good reafon too, that the Pope fhould be 
 born u p on high 3 to the end that on the one fide he may the better j 
 fee and beftow his Benedi&ion on the People comittcd to him , and j 
 that the People may on the other fide behold their Head , acknow- j 
 ledging him for Gods Vicar, and thence fortifie themfelves in the 
 confefiionoftheCatholick Faith. 
 
 The fame P IGH10 fpeaks of the Coronation of 
 the Pope in this fence. 
 
 AL L Princes for demonstration of the Majefty of Empire have 
 worn a golden Crown. David who reigned before Homer and 
 before all the antient writers at this day extant , had fuch a Crowa 
 as is proved in the 1 2 th. Chapter of the fecond Book of Kings, the 
 which he took to himfelf from one of the cities of the AmftVnites 
 by him overcome in warr, which who defires may read in tise words 
 of the cited Text. CiaJJare King of the Medes (as fides Zonara i in the 
 firft Tome) fent a certain beautifull Daughter of his own to Cyrttr 
 with a golden Crown u pon her head a and with the whole province 
 of Media, for Dowry. The Romans triumphing carryed a Crown of 
 Gold, as Golliote relates, which might feem improperly and erro- 
 neously declared, in refpecl: all hiftorians write that the Emperors 
 Triumphing were ctowned with Lawrel, if Tertullia/z did not re- 
 move this doubt in his Traft entituled De Corona Jliditis^ and Pliny in 
 his 2 1 ft. Book the third Chapter faies , that the Radiant Crowns 
 were compofed with Leaves of Gold and filver. Zonara in the fe- 
 cond Tome defcribing the Pompe of a Triumph faies : that whilej 
 triumphing they carryed two Crowns , one was placed on the headj 
 of the Emperor, which was of Lawrel, the other which was off 
 Gold and enterwoven with pretiousftones, was born up over the! 
 head of theEmperour by the hands of a publiqueMinifter 3 who flood j 
 upon the fame Chariot whereof Juvenal fpeaks in the tenth Satyr, 
 faying. 
 
 Tantum orbem t quanto cervix nonfafficit ulla^ 
 guippe tenet Judam 9 banc pubUcus , & fibi Ccnful 
 Neplaceat, currufervns Portatur eodem. 
 
 And 
 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME* 
 
 And Valerius Fater cuius t faies that this Crown of Gold, was of the 
 colour of a Rain- bow, to demonstrate the figne of a certain Divi- 
 nity,(peaking of AugujiHs c&far OBavins inhisfecond Book. As al- 
 io ot the fame make clear mention, calling it Radiante, and Lucide^ 
 suetoninns , in the 1 ife of Auguftus the 44th Chapter, plrny in his 
 Panegyric^ the unknown Author in the Panegyric^ dedicated to 
 Maximilian** and Latinus Peccattts in Tanegyrick., whofe words 
 would take up too much room to fet down here. 
 
 Moreover Ammianus Marcellinus in the 1 7th. book treating of the 
 Iharp pointed Pyramids, faies that they were wont to place Crowns 
 on the heads of ftatues: which he again confirms in the 24th Book, 
 from which teftimonies Lazius collects in his 9th. Book of Commen- 
 taries of theK0«*<i»R.epublique, that ourPredeceflbrs derived the 
 cuftome of placing on the heads of the Images of Saints in theChur- 
 ches, Crowns figured in the form ot theraiesof the Sun, chiefly 
 for that thofe images being adorned with fuch Crownes, feemed to 
 have, I know not what kind of fplendourand Divinity: which rea- 
 fon, though it be notj altogether from the purpofe, yet tis not al- 
 together tobe, maintained/ for that we rather think, tbatthisu- 
 fage and cuftome had its original from that fplendour which hath 
 been often feen miraculoufly , to lhine on the heads of the Saints: 
 Being that(as Abdias in the 5th. Book, and Eufebius in the fecond of 
 his Hiftories relate J the Apoftles were often overfhadowed with 
 fuch a Light, as human eye could not behold them, as of old fell 
 out to Mofes i whofe Face ( when he had had that near conference 
 with God)did (hine fo bright, that Aaron and the children of Ifrael, 
 were afraid to come near him, as is recorded in the 34th Chapter of 
 Exodus, 
 
 To return then to our fubjett. The Perfian Kings had a Crown 
 to be worn on their heads which Zonara fets down in greek 
 by its proper name, which can neither be commodioufly ex- 
 prefied either in Latin or vulgar tongue: and it was a capital of. 
 fence among the Terfians for any one to put the Kings Crown upon 
 his head as Dion chryfefiomus denotes in his firft oration Deltbertate & 
 fervitute. Likewifethe piiefts of the Gentiles wore a crown upon 
 their heads, for demonftration of that repute which appertained to 
 the fplendidnefs and maintenance of their Sacerdotal office.-whence 
 theAntients were ftupified , at a fuddain view of the great Prieft 
 of the Comani , to whom (as Strabo writes)was granted the firft ho- 
 nour next the King , and to wear a Royal Crown. Befidesin Emefa 
 a City of Phcemcia^xhe Priefts went clad with a long robe , having 
 a Crown of pretious ftones of various colours in token of Majefty 
 upon their heads. Which Ornament Antoninus being made Empe- 
 ror of the Romansjby themultitude, the Souldiery and the Priefts of 
 the Sun, would not part with again, as Herodianuj in libro quinto clear- 
 ly proves : and fo afterwards the Emperors of Confiantinopk trium- 
 phing,elefted this ornament 3 which was called by a proper name as 
 we read in the life of hafilius Torfirogenitus.Triuntphnm dttxit tiarateSa^ 
 cjuam -AU tuphnm appellant, although fome modern Authors call it 
 Caliper*, as faies Niceforus Gregorius in libro fexto. 
 
 Our Biftiops then having two royal Dignities, to wit the fpiritual 
 and teinporaI,defervedly wear a double crown, as Innocent the third 
 
 Ooo in 
 
*?+ 
 
 " The Hiilory oilT ALT, Part il, 
 
 in his third fermon I>c coronatione rfl»*?/zciri,conf1nns,faying that the! 
 Popebearsthe Mitre in token of the fpiritual power,and the Crcwn 
 in teftimony of the Temporal, both which are conferred upon him 
 by God omnipotent , King of Kings and Lord of Lords, 
 
 But let us examine a little whether the Mitre, and the Crown, 
 are Ornaments adapted to theEcclefiaftical cuftoms.. 
 
 The mitre by Shields is called the fwathe or Fillet of the head, 
 bound about with gold and filver as Brijjonius explains .• and EHJcbi* 
 u* in his fecond book,»he firft Chapter,calls it a fheher ; with which 
 Saint James the Apoftle called the Brother of our Lord, wasfud- 
 daiuly adorned , when by the Apoftles he was chofen and confecra- 
 ted Bifhop of Jerufalem: which Ornament, although it took be- 
 ginning with Aaron Prieft of the Hebrew Law, is neverthelefs re- 
 ceived into the Chriftian Church, to theend that therewith the Bi- 
 fhops of all Nations may be adorned . folicratcs Ephejieus wore the 
 Mitre(asE«/e/>7«j in the 51ft Chapter of the third Book relates) as 
 Pricft of Ephrjus.-dnd likewifetheotherPriefts wore almoftalithe 
 Ornaments of the antientPriefts, astheRobe, and the Mitre, that 
 they might appear the more adorned andmajeftick (ales E, j shins m 
 his \iook-- ) 'wheieoiAmalarms } Rahanus 3 aiid others the graved Authors 
 treat more amply. 
 
 What wehavefpoken touching the Mitre is without contradi- 
 ction, and is held for truth by the con fent of many and fundry Na- 
 tions, but what is to be fpoken touching a Kingdome, and a Roy- 
 al Crown, is not fo peri picuous to all , wherefore to our bed power 
 we will endeavour to manifeft the fame. 
 
 Then firft is to be obferved, that tis the common opinion of all, 
 that this fort of Ornament upon the head of the Pope had its origi- 
 nal from the Emperor ConjiarMne the Great , as appears in the Acts 
 of San silvejire the Pope:the fame opinion is alfo embraced by all o- 
 ther £<?#/*# BiQiops, as by Z/ea the ninth in the 13. chapter of his E- 
 piftleagiinfttheprefumption of A/ichaele , and Innocent the third in 
 his firft Sermon of the blefied Si'hefier , confirms That Conjiantine 
 the great at hisdeparture from Rome to Conjiantinople , would have 
 beftowed his own Crown upon S.inSilvefier , which he refufed, but 
 in lieu thereof put a covering upon his head entirely circular, and 
 a little after Innocent follows in words to this fence: And for this 
 caufe the Roman Bifiopjn teftimony of Empire, wears a Regal crown 
 called in Latini?^»»w,and in teftimony of his Pontificacy he wears a 
 Mitre, which is moft convenient , for him in all times and places 
 univerfally, becaufe the fpiritual power hath been ever efteemed 
 for the Prior, more worthy and more great then the Tempo- 
 ral. And reafon will yeeld , that Satt Sihejicr would not wear that 
 Crown, but fuch a one as only covered the Temples , in refpecl: his 
 head was (haven as the Popes ought to be. Which (having gave j 
 good reafon that twas not decent to wear fuch a Diadem, but ra- 
 ther that circular covering which he chofe named properly Tiara ! 
 rhrigia , whereot Juvenal fpeaks in his fixth fatyr faying. 
 
 Et Thrygia veftitttr hue a tiara. 
 
 Which Ornament may be fuppofcd to be borrowed either from 
 
 Ph-cygU' 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 fhrygiaox rhenicia, as we pleafe, becaufe the Phrigians had their | 
 original from the Phtenicians.knd that this was given the Pope by the 
 Emperor Conjiantine thegreat, is rooft evident in the Adts of San Sit- 
 vefier , where the Emperor reckons up thofe things ,tbat he had be- 1 
 ftowed on the Pope, and being come to this,gives it the name Thry. I 
 gtnm ) as t was its proper name 5 but in refpeft twasnotmanifeftto j 
 all , what thing Phrygium denoted, he explains himfelf in the fence i 
 by us fet down, faying 
 
 et Phrygium nempe tegmen capitis Jive AJilram. 
 
 This particular required fo much explanation, for that Theodoms 
 Balfamones, confounding the fignificatidn of Phrygium, by joining it 
 with the fubfequent Lorum, which imports a perfect different thing 
 hath caufed many to erre in beleeving that Phrygium and Lorum put 
 together do denote Pallium , the Cope which Arch- Bifhops wear by 
 the conceffion of the higheft Bifhop. But tis not convenient for us to ) 
 dwell longer upon the difpute,let the intelligent read the latin Uine- 1 
 rary in this plnce, where they'l meet an ample difcourfe upon the fig- 
 nificationsof thefe words. 
 
 Other authors will have , that this Crown came not fromC<?«- 
 Jiantine but from Clodoveo , as they labour to draw from Segiberto un- 
 der the yeer of our Lord 550. who fpeaks to this fence, Clockveus 
 the King received from Anajiafiusthe Emperor, the Codicils of the 
 Confulacy, a Crown of Gold with Jewels, and the red garment,and 
 on that day he was called Conful and King , but the fame King fent 
 to Saint Peter at Rome the Crown of Gold with the Jewels,the Roy- 
 al Enfigne, which is called Reg/mm. 
 
 Armonius a\Co confirms in his firft book the 24th. Chapter , that 
 from Qodoveus the Pope had the Crown : and Anafiajim the Library 
 Keeper under Pope Hormifda i teftifies that Saint Peter received 
 many gifts,* In whom I have read , that in the yeer 776 that Philip 
 thefirft Pope and Conjiantine the fecond Pope were both confecra- 
 ted in San Peters Church ( but we muft obferve that the amient Au- 
 tho rs under the word confecration underftand alfo the ceremony of 
 coronation) for that when they fay , that Charles the great was con- 
 fecrated Emperor, they alfo by it underftand he was Crowned, 
 whence we may draw, that the Coronation of the Pope, bad its 
 rife in long fince paft times, fince that in the yeer 683. under Ago,- 
 thone the firft, and BenediB the fecond,was raifed the cuftome of gi- 
 ving moneys at the coronation of the Pope, and of expefting the 
 authority of the Emperor. Eugenius the fecond was crowned the 
 32d. of May in the yeer 824. Beneditt'm the yeer 855. Formofus 
 the firft in 89 1 . But after Clement which happened in anno 1 044.aH j 
 fucceedingPopes were crowned a s(P <*»«/'»»/ obferve«)in fuch a man* 
 ner, as by it from that time forwards, the Prophecy of lja/ahm 
 the fixty firft Chapter may be well known to be fulfilled, where 
 he faies as our Englifh Tranilation renders it : For he h.iih clothed 
 me with the garments of Salvatio, he hath covered me rvith the 
 Robe of Rightcoujnejfc , as a Bridegroom decketh himfelf rvith or- 
 naments : The Italian faies, they (meaning the Priefb ) are crowned 
 asBridegioony after that the Pope is elevated to this fupremedig 
 
 Ooo 2 ntty 
 
 235 
 
_ZJ<^ 
 
 f heH iftory of IT ALT, Part 11 J 
 
 nity ,he wears the garments ot eternal peace 9 and a Crown upon his 
 head: This is that Son of Eliachint fpoken of from God by I/aiah the j 
 Prophet in the 2 ad. Chapter, to whom even at that time God pro- 
 mifed the Robe the Crown and the Key,as you may read in the 20. 
 ai, 22, *3, and 24. verfes of that Chapter and fo forwards: The 
 Crown isanEnfigne of Empire, theRobeisafigneof familiargo- 
 vernment, the which things are found in their excellency in our! 
 Pope. So in the 14th Chapter of the Revelation of Saint John, at the! 
 14th verfe tis faid that Chrilt (named the Son of man) appeared Cn~ j 
 ting on a white cloud,adorned with a golden Crown upon his head. 1 
 And in the 1 9th. of the Revelations about the nth. verfe tis faid,that 
 the fame Word of God appeared upon a white horfe, with many 
 Regal Crowns upon his head andallhisFriends,asmaybereadin 
 the fubfequent verfes. 
 
 For this occafion principally were thefe fignifi cations by Crowns 
 to wit that Chrift through his Wifdom (fignified by the figure of a 
 Crown of Gold) hathobtained victory over all Creatures, and fub- 
 je&ed them to his Dominion. So likewife the /?<>/»<«« Bifhop who is 
 ouerall Nations, who hath brought all the People under his au- 
 thority , (by the conftgnation and power of God)defervedly puts on 
 the covering of his head threeCrowns,therebydemonff rating that 
 in glory , Authority , and great works, he furpafleth all the other 
 Kings and Princes of the world. 
 
 After fo many fore- paffed Popes , Pauluf the kcond created in the 
 yeer 8465. of the noble Venetian Family Barbi t as he was of a fair a- 
 lpeft and great Spirit , fo he took great care to adorn the papal Mi- 
 tre, with pretious Jewels and curious workmanfhip.LaiUy let us 
 advertife the Reader that in thofe breifs written by Cafar Cojini in 
 the third chapter of the firftbook of his various doubts deceives 
 himfelf, where he would maintain that the Popes bearing a Mitre 
 with three Crowns proceeds from thofe myfterious fignifications 
 by him alleaged, when indeed there is no neceffity of them and let 
 thus much fuffice. 
 
 fr.fo*0dijjfoJ.GS (Juno S^Ji/jj did crjth 7j*^^*S**«T.o5*aiTiJjT. 
 
 Of rhe holy yeer of Jubile which is cele- 
 brated in ROME every twenty fifth year. 
 
 The Narration of P. M.G 1R0LAM0 da C A- 
 P V G N A N of the preaching Order. Ex- 
 tracted from the Book of the Holy Yeer. 
 
 CHAP. XII. 
 
 GO D granted to the Jetves divine benefits indeed, whereupon 
 afterwards that Nation boaffed, faying,That his divine Ma je- 
 fty had not treated other People after that manner: But thofe 
 graces which the Church our Mother hath received/rom the good- 
 
 nefs 
 
Part II.' 
 
 K M E* 
 
 W 
 
 nefsof God do far fur pafs and exceed the Benefits beftowed upon 
 the Hebrew People : For that the Lord that fhe might be clean and 
 adorned in his fight , gave the blood of his only Son to wafh her,and 
 the Treafure of his Wildome to beautifie her. Among the other be- 
 nefits conferred on the Hebrew Synagogue, that of the yeer of Jubi- 
 le was moft excellent, calledmoft holy , for that it was theyeerof 
 remiffionand of the commencement of all things, which theOm- 
 nipotent God ordained to be from 50 to 50 yeers.The like grace be- 
 ing due to ourChurch the Spoufeof Chrin\thoughwith a oiiferei.t 
 end, for that the Synagogue attended only to temporal affairs, aud 
 the holy Church to ipiritualsfinglyj by divine difpofition the 
 thought convenient to ordain alfo the yeer of Jubile, though at 
 firft only from 100. yeers to 100. yeers. perhaps to draw to 
 good ufe , the antient diabolick cuftom of the celebration 
 of the fecular Games 1 , which to this end were celebrated every 
 hundredth yeer in Rome, with a preceding general invitation from 
 Cryers , who proclaimed through the ftreets come to the games,the 
 which none ever faw lince, nor (hall again : which drew into the 
 Gity of Rome infinite People of all Nations for the fervice of the de- 
 vil : And all thofe Nations fince the institution of the yeer or Jubi- 
 le , render themfelves at Rome though with much better reafon viz,. 
 10 ferve the true God , for the falvation ol their own fouls: nor 
 ought our pains feem ftrange to any, for what is faid concerning the 
 mutation of evil into good , becauCe 'hat not only in this, but in 
 divers other occafions the holy Church hath had thisaime, tocon- 
 fecrate that to God, which the foolifh generations had before time 
 dedicated to Satan, as may be feen in divers Temples of Rome, 
 novo dedicated to the true Lord, and his Saims,which were former- 
 ly the Temples of Idols ufed for the distribution of candles , and to 
 make their Feafts , as in San Tietro in Vincola , the firft of Augujl^ihe 
 firft of thofe ceremonies was made in Rome , in honour of tchrua, 
 by the Romans taken for a Goddefs, the other in memory of the tri- 
 umph of AughftuiCtejar. We find that Boniface the 9th. in the yeer 
 1300. published the yeer of Jubile by his Bull, wherein he declares 
 as a Reftorer rather then an Inventor or inftitutor of this yeer.- 
 And tis no wonder , that we find no firm tefHmony of its inftitution 
 before that time, becaufe the Church hath had fo many perfecti- 
 ons , and fo great toiles,that tis a miracle that any antient Memori- 
 als are preferved rather then a wonder that fome are loft. At that 
 time then,the Pope in writing divulged thisycer, conceding en tire 
 and plenary remiffion of offences and punifbments every hundredth 
 yeer , which number of ^Centum) one hundred,bears alfo a certain 
 ienfe of returning to good from evil , as is fully proved by Girola- 
 mu s and Beda, principal Ecclefiaftical writers. 
 
 Clement the fixth at the In ftance of the Romans reduced Jubile to* 
 every fiftiet h yeer, chiefly for that the life of man is fo fhort,that ve- 
 ry few arrive to one hundred yeers, and for that in the number quin- 
 quaginta fifty,are contained many myfteries pertinent to the Chrifti- 
 an Religions but principally it fignifiesrerniffion and pardon, the 
 proper effect of the Jubile . Moreover the Jewifh fynagogue had 
 us Jubile every 50. yeers, fo that if for no other reafon, atleaftwife 
 that the Synagogue might not appear richer then the Church twas 
 ._ PpP fit 
 
The Hifiory oilT ALT, Part lLj 
 
 h t, rha t She Should likevvifc have a Jubile every fifty yeers. 
 
 Vrban the fixth reduced it to thirty threey eers for the increafe of 
 the Church treafure, atterwards to be difpofedof by Saint Peter 
 and his iucceffors on the like occafions. But laft of all Taul the fe- 
 cond reduced it to every 25th yeer, and fo Sixtus the fourth his fac- 
 et fiorobferved it, as in like manner ha ve all following Popes done. 
 The which we muft believe was made for many considerations, and 
 chiefly for thefe, for that the world as it grows old becomes worfe 
 both in quantity and quality of Life, fo that through the thoufand 
 dangers which alwaies threaten life , and through the infinite Sins 
 wherein many Creatures are involved, it hath appeared good to re- 
 duce the time of Remiffion to a fhorter time, whereby to offer fre- 
 quent invitations to all,to accept the fpiritualMedicine ofRedemp- 
 tion of fo great vertue)and to fly the works of iniquity. 
 
 As to what appertain s to the name, tis to be obfer ved, that it may 
 be called in Latin Jobilats & Iobiletts, of which the laft is leaft ufed, 
 notwithstanding that by the vulgar , tis more frequently called 
 Giubiko than otherwife : This word is not derived from Givbilo^ 
 which Signifies Mirth and content (although in truth it ought to be 
 a yeer of rejoycingjbut from the hebrew word Jobei 3 w\ch is as much 
 as to fay a Trumpet or Sacbui, for that the Ifraelites the Seventh 
 month before the fiftieth yeer ufed to proclaim the yeer of Jubile 
 with the found of Trumpets : furt hermore the Hebrew word Jobel 
 alfo Signifies remiffion and beginning,the proper actions for the yeer 
 of Jubile , for then the Jews remitted all debts , and returned all 
 things to their firft State. 
 
 The Pope cannot concede greater indulgences, then thofe which 
 are granted in the yeer of Jubile, for then they open the treafliry 
 of the Ghurcb,and beftow on every one as much as is absolutely ne- 
 ceSTary for him,pardoning to him fins and penances, as well impofed 
 as notimpofed, freeing of him wholly and abfolutely from purga- 
 tory, yea although he Should have forgotte hismortal fins in his con- 
 feflion or that he Should not have confefled the Venial finsf for tis not 
 of neceffity to make cofeflion of Venial fins although fuch muSt Suf- 
 fer pains in purgatory for theiyf they be not in fome way cancelled 
 in this world) in fuch manner , that the foul that in that time (hall 
 part from the body 5 doth inftantly fly to enjoyment of the felicity 
 of Paradife.' 
 
 Our Jubile hath certain Similitudes with that of the Jewes , for 
 that they proclaimed the yeer before , fo do we ours •• That they 
 published in the Piazzacs, we our6 in the Churches: that they with 
 Trumpets, we ours with the voice of the Preachers: In that they 
 left the Land unmanured,ours by the merits of Ghrift and his Saints 
 fupplies our Labour: in that Servants became free, in ours we ac- 
 quire Spiritual liberty with pardon of fins and penances,in that they 
 redeemed their Credits, in ours we receive pardon for our 
 offences: in that fould poSTefiions returned to their firft Patrons, 
 in ours our crimes being cancelled the power and virtue of the foul 
 is vivified: in that baniShed perSons returned to their Countrey, 
 and in ours, who departs this life,immediatelyaScends to the hea. 
 venly Countrey. 
 
 Boniface 
 
(Part It. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 Boniface the eighth opened the doors of the Church Vaticano, and 
 beftowedmoft ample indulgences of all fins$c/e/«e»f the (null, ad- 
 ded the doors of the Church Lateranenfe, ordainingasis abovede- 
 clared. Paulns the fecond afterwards added Santa Maria Maggiore 
 &ndSan Paolo, m the Via Ojiienfefor vifitation. Gregory the 13th. in ' 
 a nno 1575- ordained,that who would participate the grace of the 
 Jubile , fhould firft communicate in the yeer of Jubile.- allplena- 
 ry indulgences are under ftood to be fufpended with certain muta- 
 tionsof words, of which the Authors treating on the Jubile, fpeak 
 to that purpofe. 
 
 The Hebrews proclaimed their Jubile the roth day of thefea* 
 venth moneth of the forty and ninth yeer . Ours , we publiQi on 
 Afcention day in the yeer preceding the twenty fifth yeer, upon two 
 pulpits in the Church San Pzefrtf, reading the Popes Bull in Latin and 
 the vulgar. 
 
 We begin our Jubile, on the Vigil of the birth day of our Lord in 
 the evening, when the Pope with great folemnity opens the door of' 
 theChurchStf»P/e/r0,wh:ch at all other times ftands continually wal-| 
 led up: and he caufeth the Lords Cardinals at the fame time in the 
 fame manner,to open the doors of the other deputed Churches , all 
 which doors (the yeer ended) are again ihut up. 
 
 In the holy yeer, that is to fay the Jubile, refortfo great con- 
 courfe of People from all Countreys to Rome, that hiftorian s write , 
 that at the time of the Jubile of Pope Boniface , Rome wasfo full 
 of people , that one could hardly pals in the City, though fo great: 
 and in the yeer 1505. the feet of Gregory the thirteenth, in one mor- 
 ning were kiflcd by thirteen thoufand perfons. Clement the 8th. in 
 anno 1600. would needs walh the feet of divers Prelates, and other 
 poor ftrangers come to the Jubile: and the moft illuftrious Cardinals 
 among which were Montalto and Farnefc exprefled great charity and 
 hnmility to poor pilgrims. 
 
 That tis convenient to celebrate the Jubile in Rome, rather then 
 any other Gity is maintained by pregnant reafons: Rome is the moft 
 worthy and noble of all other Cities and we therefore underftand 
 when we name Citta or City, without any other appellation,that it 
 muft be Rome. She hath had the Empire,is the head, the Miftris,and 
 a compendium of the World. She is full of Riches: hath beauty 
 in her Scite, her Country ,fertility of foyl,great comodioufnefs from 
 the Navigation of the lyber , and the proximity of the Sea. She is 
 the common Countrey of all, and in her are of all Nations, and eve- 
 ry people may there find a proper Church for their ownNation,as in 
 deed moft Countreys have. There Religion flourilheth more than 
 elfewhere as appears by the infinite Pricfts and Fryers , which there 
 at leaftwifein their diuine duties,if not continually praife the Lord 
 and pray for all. There the Churches are much vifited , the Poor 
 releived,the virgins married , and many other pious works perfor- 
 med worthy of perpetual memory- She is a City of fingular fan&i- 
 ty, and in her are placed the moft noted things appertaining to our 
 Religion as theManger wherein ourLord was layed at his birth, the 
 fwadling clothes, the Cradle, the garment , the Coronation Robe, 
 the Crown of thorn 9 , theNailes, the Iron of theLauace,thecrofs| 
 and the Title of Chrift. In it are bodies of Apoftles 5 of Marty rsj 
 
 Ppp 2 ofl 
 
 2 19 
 
24-° 
 
 TheHiftory ollTALT, Part II, 
 
 of Confeflors, of Virgins, and infinite txeliques of Saints. She is 
 the feat of the Pope, who is Prince of the Church, Vicar of God, 
 Paftorofall, who when abroad , is beheld, admired and adored by 
 alJ, every one feeking to kifs his Feet, wondring at the gra»dezz,a of 
 the Cardinals, the gravity of the Bifhops and the multitude of the 
 Priefts. A treafury of Indigencies in Rome lye continually expofcd 
 to whomfoever needs them, wherein former times the Chriftians 
 were perfecuted and more cruelly intreated then in any other 
 place. And finally the Faith of the Romans was and is fuch, that c- 
 ven in the Apoftles times, it was preached through the world,that 
 is to fay in that part only then ftyledRortt an before twas Chriftianiz'd 
 Rome, then(which in greek imports ftrength , in hebrew Greatnefs} 
 being the moft worthy place of the whole world, with good reafon 
 in her ana not elfewhere, ought the Jubile to be celebra- 
 ted. 
 
 The Narration oi ST EV HANO Viq~ 
 
 Hl touching thofc military Enfignes, which 
 thefopeufcth to beftow on tem- 
 poral Princes. 
 
 CHAP, XIIL 
 
 TH E K00M*Bifhop ufeth to beftow great honour on Princes, 
 which for all that doth feldom happeD, from the rarity of 
 the occafions for which they are fought. This cuftom was 
 moftantient, begun with the foundation of the holy fcripture in 
 the hiftory of the Maccabets{ part of out Apocrypha) as we read in the 
 15th. Chapter of the fecond book of Maccabtts ; That Judas the 
 Captain of the Ifraelite Aimy before he came to battail againft Nzcd- 
 nor t faw in a Vifion Onias the high Pritft, holding up his hands 
 towards Heaven,and praying for the whole people of the Jews; and 
 Jercmias the Prophet ,g'ving unto him the faid jttdas a fword of gold 
 exhorting him to give battail in thefe words : Take this holy fword 
 a gift from God, wherewith thou fhalt wound thy adverfaries, 
 wherewith Judas being comforted, drew to battail on the fabbath 
 againft the Enemies, and behaved himfelf fo well, that he flew 
 not lefs then thirty five thoufand Men, with Nicanor their Captain 
 and fo remained victorious. Hence then proceeds thecuftome,that 
 the Roman high Pneft every yeer, the night before ? he Nativity,be- 
 fore he begins the Duties, bleflethand confecrateth a fword, with 
 the fcabbard,the belt,and the pummel of gold , and a hat placed on 
 the top of it, not made after the common fort,ofFelt, but of the 
 fneftblewfilk, with the [whiteft Ermne skinns round about it, 
 and a Crown of gold enterwoveriall over and fet out withjewels of 
 good value.This is a noble donative wch. the Pope provides onlyof 
 that night,to beftow it upon fome Chriftian Prince, who either hath 1 
 done or is to undertake fome notable imprefs for the Chriftian Reli-j 
 
 gionf 
 
Part II. 
 
 ~R ME* 
 
 z^i 
 
 gion : nor is this without myfteries,but hath many, the which eve- 
 ry Chriftian Prince ought to know , and confider. 
 
 The Roman Rivale teacheth us, that the fword fo confecrated , j 
 tipifies the infinite power of God, which is in the eternal word, j 
 wherewith God hath created all things : Which word on that night \ 
 put on human flefh, and to which the Father Eternal gave all Power, j 
 as himfelf declared about the time of his Afcention into heaven, and j 
 thenconfigned it to Saint Peter, and to his (ucceiiors, whofeduty 
 tisto govern that holy Church then newly by him inftituted , and ; 
 confecrated with his own blood, againft which hell fhould not pre- 1 
 vail; Commanding that they fhould teach ajl thofe things which t 
 were learned from him, and to invite and intreat, all Nations} 
 ^through Baptifm and the GofpelJ to enter this new City , out of j 
 which there is no falvation, ardin which they muft obey the Laws \ 
 of the divine Empire. Whoisnotfurprized with consideration of 
 the difpenfations of God, in tie divine Majefties election of thisCi- 
 ty Rome 3 for the head andbulwaikof the Chriftian Republique, 
 which was upon the point at that time Head and Lady of the whole 
 world. Whence Saint refer the Goveinourof the fii ft Church was 
 deftinated to this Province,and t was commanded to him , thatthe 
 C rofs fhouIdTriumph in theCampidogliojo the end that thereby and 
 thence the light of eternal truth might with the more facility be 
 difperfed into all parts. 
 
 By the fword then thus confecrated is denoted that Empire, and 
 that fupreine power of government upon Earth, which Chrift left 
 to Saint refer his Vicar, and to his fucceffors 5 and that the Roman 
 Bifhop ought to be acknowledged for the head of Chriftianity, 
 whom, all thofe that tender their own Salvation, ought to obey and 
 fervein fpirituals for the love of Chrift. 
 
 Furthermore that fword fignifies, what prudence, andjuftice,e- 
 very Prince ought toobferve, and becaufe the (harp point wounds 
 where tisthruftonby the hand, therefore the handle of this fword 
 is adorned with gold, a metal which amongft the Antients impor- 
 ted Wifdom,whereby the Prince ought to learn, that near his hands 
 wifdome muft have her feate, that fo he may not tranfacf any thing 
 raihly,nor without dueconlideiation.Gold hath been taken for the 
 symbol of Wifdome, from her fimilitude in Excellency, for as the 
 one furpafieth and maftereth all metals in goodnefsand value, fo 
 Prudence or Wifdome, as weixiay fay, furpafieth andovercometh 
 all other things, And this oufed Solomon in his proverbs to make 
 his exhortation faying, My Son pcflefs thou Wifdome, which is 
 better than Gold, and get thou Prudence, for this is more pretious 
 than Silver, Saint John in the Apocalyps caDeth wifdome enflamed 
 Gold, which penetiates thebreaft with the ardour of the holy Spi- 
 rit. The Magi offered Gold to Chrift then an Infants and the Egyp- 
 tians were defpoy led of their Gold by the, Ijraelites , the one and the 
 other thereby fignifyicg, Wifdome in amiftical fence^and twasfo 
 in truth fpoken literally as our hiftories relate Plato (whofe dodt rine 
 did not much difagree from the Chriftian) often compares Wifdome 
 and the Beauty of the mind to pure gold. Finally the Aunt and 
 Gryphen ot India fignified no other thing wch. Animah(as antiquity 
 feigned^got together as much gold as poffibly they could and after- 
 Q_q q wards 
 
 -*_ 
 
14* 
 
 The Hiflory oil T ALT, "ParTITl 
 
 wards kept it with diligence: even fo Wifdomeisnot to be had 
 without labour, and noblenefle of mind; the Aunt here being an 
 embleme of a laborious Creature , and theGryffen (feigned to pro- 
 ceed from the copu'ationof an Eagle and a Lyon) herereprefents 
 thegreatnefsofmind. Whence the fame antiems wifely and pro- 
 perly dedicated the Aunt and theGryffen to Apollo the God of wif- 
 dome. 
 
 Moreover the fword fignifies the Tongue, the beftand worft 
 member in Man, as it happens to be imployed .• and therefore the 
 antient faid ,that evil fpoken men carryed a fword in their mouth :■ 
 and Diogenes the Cynick, feeing a fair young man to fpeak difhone- 
 ftly, fayed to him, art thou not afhamed, to draw a fword of Lead 
 out of an ivory fcabbard ? and in lfaiah we read Tojmt os menm quaji 
 gladium dcutum : and Chrift in the Gofpel faies. Nott venipacemmit~ 
 tere fed gladium, where we fee, that by the fword is intended the 
 word preached from God $ and fo in other places of Scripture un- 
 der the name word, is comprehended the tongue or the fword 
 wherefore aptly alfo to our purpofe it may receive the famefignifi- 
 cation , the Pope giving to underftand to Princes, t hat they in par- 
 ticular ought to have their tongue and fpeech adorned wirh Gold, 
 that is to fay clothed with wifdom and prudence,with which fword 
 they ought to feparate the good thoughts from the bad.and by their 
 wife counfels to penetrate and fee into the very hearts of o- 
 thers. ; 
 
 To this mifterious fword the holy Pope adjoyns a belt interwo- 
 ven w ith gold, which even of old was a fign of Majefty and military 
 dignity.* well then may the Prince (on whom tis beftowedj) appre- 
 hend the exhortation by it given him , to demean himfelf well for 
 the holy Church againft all factions. 
 
 The Hat, which is the covering of the head, the moft noble part 
 of man, is an Enfigne of nobility and liberty , which hat alfo an- 
 tiently was wont to be made in the form of a half fphere , as twere 
 one part of a great egg divided juft in the midft, but in later times 
 our modern ar ificers not apprehending the fignifications, or willing 
 to fru&ifk humours, make it after another fafhion. Its round form 
 putting us in minde of Heaven, by which we are covered, and ad* 
 vifeth the Prince , to direct all his aftions to the glory of God , and 
 the benefit of his foul, for whofe eternal dwelling were the Heavens 
 made: the celeftiel colour of the faid hat denotes the fame 
 thing. 
 
 The white colour of the skins and the Pearl, fignifies that fince- 
 i ity and purity of the mind wherewith the Prince ought to be en- 
 dowed , to the end he may in the end accomplifh a concomitance 
 with thofe moft facred minds,the wch to that time he hath or ought 
 tohave endeavoured to imitate with all clearnefs ofconfcience.The 
 Colour white, hath been »lwaiesefteemedgratefull to the Almigh- 
 ty being a mark of Inocency & therfore from great antiquity all men 
 in the duty of facrifice ufed tocloth themfelves therwitb$ rythagoras 
 his fmtence is, that every white thing is good. Fully in his fecond 
 book De hgibui faies, that white is very agreeable to God. We might 
 alfo bring teftimonies to this purpofe from Cicero and others , but to 
 whatendfhouldwefearch prophane authors: fince Chrift himfelf 
 
 in 
 
Part II. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 jlnhis glorious Transfiguration made himfelf obvious tomany^do, 
 i thed with rayments white as fnow: and the Angels alfo who were 
 | at the fepulchre of our Lord the morning of his refurrefrion day , 
 I when the women went to feek after the rooft holy body , prefented 
 Ithemfelves in white garments: from the above fpecified records the 
 jPrince is advifed of the nature of that Animal the Ennine,off which 
 thofe skins are taken, for the Ermine is infimtly neat, and enemie to ! 
 filthinefs and durt,in fo much that the mouth of their Cave being i 
 environed by the hunters with dirt,they do rather expofe themfel vs 
 to be taken then to run for their efcape through dirt to defile thera- 
 felves. 
 
 All which things then advifeus. That God does expect in us, 
 Cleanefsof heart, fincerityoi tongue, wifedomof mir,d,eIevation 
 of the underftanding and prudence in our actions, whereof his Ho- 
 linefle by that beatified fword adorned in the aforecited manner,in- 
 tends to give the Prince a continual remembrance, that in goodnefs 
 and work3 he ought to furpaiie all other fort <f people in an tmi 
 nent degree, begin by the omnipotent God in the government of 
 the world made fo much fuperiour toall other People 
 ] The Princeat the reception of this gift , kneels down, and the 
 Pope the n gives it him, exhorting him by many exprefiions to be a 
 good fouldier of Chrirt : Then the Prince acknowledging the Pope 
 as Vicar of God returns his thanks in Litin, fwearing that he will 
 not lay any thing more to heart , thenacorrefpondence by his acti- 
 ons , with the defire of his hoHnefs> and all other Chriftian Princes: 
 afterwards he delivers the Sword to his moft noble and chief Mini- 
 frer who bears it before the Qofs while the PoPe goes out of theVe- 
 ftry; At laft, having had a congratulation from the Cardinals and 
 EmbafTadors , and taken leave, the Prince with the fword borr up 
 before him, being accompany ed by the Governor! of rheCaftle, 
 Saint Attgelo, by the Comptrolor of the Pallace, by all the Nobility, 
 by the Pontifical Family, and the Palatine Court, with great Pomp 
 and the founding of Trumpets and noife of Drumms, he marchcth 
 out of the Palace by the militaryPorticue,thus attended to his own 
 Dwelling. 
 
 Oftheincreafcsof the TYBER. 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 ON the 9th. day of November in the veer 1379. the fyber rife 
 three braces or yards, and the mark of ;it may be fecn at santa 
 Maria Delia Minerva. 
 
 In 1 42 2. on Saint Andrevet day under Pope Martin it rofe above a 
 brace and halfe. 
 
 *H 
 
 In 1476. the eighth of January a liuje 
 Shores. 
 
 <g_qq 2 
 
 ibove the Channell 
 
 In 
 
f heHiftory of I €ALf\ Part IL 
 
 In 1495. in December being the third yeer of the Papacy ctAlex-. 
 mder the fixth , it augmented thirteen toot, and a little after in Leo. 
 1 he 1 oths time fomewhat more. 
 
 In 1530. Under Clement the 7th. on the8thand 9th. dayesof! 
 Otf^erkencreafed twenty four feet, the mark of it appears at Saint: 
 Eitjiachio , upon a wall inthe midft of Santa Maria del Popolo , and in 
 Cattle Saint Angelo^where the GovernorG»/<sfo« de Medici then caufedi 
 a fignal to be made of it. 
 
 In 1542. i* rofe, and of that nk Maria Molzafpcaks elegmt- 
 
 I y- 
 
 In 1 589. the 24th. of December 3 in the 7th. yeer of Clement the 
 VIII. itrofewithfovaftadeftru&iontotheCityfltfwe, that there 
 remains no memorial of the like .• at which time the Pope was but 
 juft returned from Ferrara ) being then lately received and reftored 
 to the Apoftolick Chair. Whence we may receive for truth this 
 maxime,that fofrow & wailing are the fubfequents of Joy. The Pope 
 had enough to do for all the following yeer , to repair the ftruc"rreus 
 which by that inundation were ruinated , and to reftore Rome to 
 convenient condition againft the yeer of Jubile, which happened in 
 anno. 1600. The curious are referred to the traces of Lodovico 
 Genefio and Giacomo Cafiiglione. 
 
 
 02 
 
 doo.wwotJiwewjSiJjtfj 
 
 Touching the prefer ving ones health 
 
 in ROME. 
 
 UPON this fubjeft wrote Alejandrio Petronio a Roman Phifition 
 and Marfilio Cognato of Verona , a Phificion alfo at Rome, in his 
 book of obferving a rule in diet, in the four books of his divers 
 lectures, and others alfo to be found in Rome alfo: Girohmo Mercnrio i 
 fpeaks fomethings of it in Lis various readings. 
 
 The air of Rome is thicks, and ill tempered, wherefore you ought 
 to abftain from walking abroad, at fuch times as the Sun does not 
 fubtelizeit, that the sky is not ferene 5 that is early in morn,or els 
 late at night, or when the weather is disturbed or foggy. 
 
 In the Church Santa Maria della Minerva^ you may read thefe ver- 
 fes to the purpofe of preferving health in Rome. 
 
 Enecat infolitos refidentespejjimus aer 
 
 Romanus, folitos non benegratus habet. 
 Hzc tu quo vivas s luxfeptima det medicinam^ 
 
 Abjit odorf<edns i fitque labor hvior* 
 PellefamemfrigusjrH&Hs^femurque relinqne 
 Nee placeat gtlidofonte levareptim. 
 
 Rontes evil air the ftranger kills 
 Brings to its Natives unwelcome ills 
 
 Wholcl 
 
ipartll* 
 
 ROME* 
 
 24.5 
 
 Who'l live the fea venth day Phy fick muft 
 Nor noyfome fmells, nor labour truft 
 Hunger and Cold, avoid, Fruit and Venus fly 
 Cold water drink not though nere fo dry. 
 
 The Wines drunk in ROME. 
 
 They drink in Rome the beft wines , as hereafter followeth. 
 
 Vingreco di Somma , the beft white, growes in the Terra diLavoro 
 in the Monte Vejkvio. named di Somma ,from the Caftle Somma, which 
 ftandsat the foot of it. 
 
 Chiarello a brisk white wine from Naples. 
 Latino a mean wine from Naples. 
 
 jfprino a white wine from Naples, which is ftiptick,or as we may 
 fay ajir invent. Mazzacani^ afmall white Wine from Naples. 
 D'Jjchia, the beft Creek, wine, this Ifland is under Naples. 
 sale"no white and red. 
 ganfeveren white and red both good, 
 corjo d'Elba, a ftrong white. 
 Corfo di Brada a grofs white. 
 Corfo di Loda a heady white. 
 From the River of Gsnoua, white and red, 
 Gilefe, white and red, fmall, and wholfome. 
 Tonte Realty from Genoua, white, fmall and healthfull. 
 Mofcatello di Sardia of a deep colour 3 fmall, and wholefome. 
 Vindellia Tatafxova the Genouefes ) (ma.l and wholefome 
 Lacrima-, the beft red. 
 Romanefco^ fmall white, of divers taftes. 
 Albano white and red. 
 
 De Paolo , indifferent white. 
 
 Di Francia } moderate red. 
 
 Salino , mean white and red from 7/W*,and Velletri. 
 
 From Segno moderate. 
 
 Magnaguerra* the beft red. 
 
 Cafile Gandolfo^ihe beft white. 
 
 Delia Riccia^ the beft white, but fmall,made Refpife wine. 
 
 Malvafia, from Candia. 
 
 Mofcatello , the beft and moft excelling wine of Italy. 
 
 Of the divers forts and kindes of wine fome Italian Phyficians have 
 alfo written : to wit Giacomo Prefetto Netino printed in Venice m anno 
 1559. Gio Battijia Confalonieri of Verona, printed in Bafilea 1539. An- 
 drea Baccio ftatnpt in Romeixx the yeer 1597* 
 
 And now , not recollecting any thing more to be fpoken of to the 
 purpofeofthis fmall trad, concerning Rome, we will make a con- 
 clusion with certain verfes writ in praife of her,that we may obferve 
 the fame method we began with,in our dif courfe of Rome to wit her 
 duecomendations. 
 
 Rrr 
 
 Verfes 
 
*♦* J TheHiaory of IT ALT, Part II. 
 
 Verfcs compofed by Faujim Sabens a Brefcian in praife 
 of ROME. 
 
 M 
 
 ENCOMIO N. 
 
 Artia progenies, qwe montibus excitat urbem, 
 Civibns & ditat, conjngibufque beat. 
 
 Tntaturquc armis , Fatribus dat jttravocatis. 
 
 Jam repetit t£hm Poji dat a jura Jovi. 
 De nihilo imperiunt utjtrueres, te hac Romulr. caufa . 
 Cignity alit 3 fervat t Mars, Lupa, Tibris aqua. 
 
 Encomionjulii Claris Scaligeri, 
 
 Vet 9 feptemgemini, c£kfiia Vignorajnontes, 
 
 Vofque trumphali m£niafiruBa atanu, 
 TeJior y adejie, auditefacri contmercia catttet, 
 
 Et Latios animos in mea vota date, 
 Vohh di&wus merttis HUtfiribus nrbes-, 
 
 Has ego Trimitiaj^primaqHe facta fero 
 <gui te Htum laudant, omnts comprenderit, orb em 
 
 Hon urbem, qui te noverit t ilk canet. 
 
 The End of the Second Part. 
 
jPart III.^ 
 
 <MNBHBKBMOf5»' 
 HI S TO R Y 
 
 OF 
 
 H7 
 
 ITAI 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 TheVOYAGES and JOUR NEYS 
 
 FROM 
 
 RO 
 
 TO 
 
 E 
 
 NAPLES, 
 
 The Third PART. 
 
 From NAPLES to POZZVOLO, 
 
 With the Return to T1VOLI. 
 
 Ravailing from Romeby the Via Latina, to 
 
 Marino , you pafs between great ruins of 
 
 many famous Villages, the which were 
 
 nolefsrich then numeroufly difperft over 
 
 the Ittjculanchampaigtie and the slpenimHWl 
 
 during the flourifliing age of the Roman 
 
 Empire: and hence tis that the old Town 
 
 Mariana , will derive her Original name 
 
 from the Caftle Marino, On the right hand 
 
 wbereof,lyesnear the villa Lucnlliana of the' 
 
 ticinijj& the Villa Murentanafamous for the lufiklane queftions of Mar] 
 
 cusTullms Cicero, His immortal tefhmony of Morality and Learning: 
 
 | At this day tis called Frafcati and is difrantfrom Rome twelve miles : 
 
 in this circuit you may alfo behold the Ville or Manor Houfes of 
 
 Rr r 2 thel 
 
TheHiftory of I T ALT, PartlUj 
 
 the Portii 3 and of many other trie prime Perfons of the Roman Re 
 publick,whom we finde recorded by Strabojliny^enecaj'lutarch&vA 
 other writers. 
 
 Departing thence turn towards the Strada Appia 9 leaving Vehtri 
 on the left hand, where the Ancestors of Augujtas were born, and on 
 the tight hand Aricia, now called Ricia^ and Lo Spechio } or the look- 
 ing glafs of Diana Tremorenfe , as Servms calls the Lake near that 
 Cattle, which Lake is confecrated to Diana Taurica .^together witl 
 the wood famous for the fiction of Acteon^nd a Term pie named Ar 
 timifio by Strabo. Heretofore this was a famous place for the old,but 
 barbarous Religion ,inftitutcd in that place by Orene and Iphegene, to 
 wit the cuffom of the Scythians^he facrificing with humane blood 
 Here was that Temple, whither the Fugitives brought frorr auri 
 the Image of Diana hid in a pyle of wood, whence in Italy they give 
 the Surname of Fafcilede and Fafcelina^ to Diana: but of thisiuper 
 ftition (hall we with better conveniency treat in another 
 place. 
 
 Purfue the Journey jufl; to the Poniine Fens, where at a little di 
 ftance, lye the 1resTabern<e or three Taverns the famous Hoftery on 
 the Via Appia mentioned in the 28th. Chapter of the Acts : which 
 are diffant from Areliaeleaven miles and from Rome thirty rhree,as is 
 clearly demonftrated by the antient Roman Itineraries , and the very 
 diftanceofthe places .they are indifferent entire , behig built as the 
 other Fabricks of the Romans ofgreatflones and bricks in fquares 
 Saint Luke writes in the Adts of the Aiioftlesthat certain Brothers 
 yet Frefh menf as we call them at oxford) in the Faith of Chrift, left 
 Rome and came to meet Saint Paul as far as the Tres Taberne , at fuch 
 time as he was tranfmitted as a criminaiPerfon with a guard of Soul- 
 diersfroro Judea to Rome by Port msFejius the Procurator. Thence 
 leaving the Strada or ftreet Appia (as it may be called from the 
 former beauty ,teirified by the tuines of Houfes and Tombs, &c. on 
 each fide)carried through the Pontine Fens with vaff expence though 
 now wholly obilruded and impafTable, through the waters of the 
 Fens, the mine of fhuctures and fall of Bridges, youareneceffita- 
 ted to take a long journey , by theVoljci, the foot of the Apewnes ^ 
 the craggy and iharp Rocks of Mountains to lerracina. You [full 
 fee Setia on the left hand ,celebrated by the old Poets for the good' 
 nefs of the wines , and going more onward you leave behind you in 
 the plain the walls of Priverno defbroyed by the Germans and Brit- 
 tons , as Eionda teftifies : where in the circumfpeclion remember 
 that Camilla exercifed the Empire of the Volfci. Thence pafiip.g by 
 Priverno Novello now Piperno fcituate in the adjacent Mountain 
 round which runs the River Atnajceno, you may behold before your 
 eyes, though at fome diftance, the Goafts of the Jilediterranian Sea, 
 and fome Promontories , which feem as it were difjoyred from the 
 Terra firma, the firm Land, of old full of famous Cafrles, and now 
 little Jeffe then wholly abandoned. There will appear to you , in 
 what fcite AF.neas built Lavinium in thofe dayes, and where the City 
 Lanrentum flood near the facred Fountain, and the Lake of Mneas 
 or of 'jove Jndigete. Furthermore, there is demonftrable, where 
 ftood Ardea the City of King Turnus, and Antium the head of the VoU 
 /«,together with the famous Temple of Fortune, and where Ajlnra, 
 
 infamous' 
 
Part III. From &OMETo NAPLES. I 24.9 
 
 infamous f that we may not call it famous ) for the death of Marcus 
 Tullins Cicero, the Dictator, fo active and famous- I 
 
 Thence alio will your eyes meet the fituaticn of the houfe ofcirce 
 fheSorcerefs, celebrated in the fief ions of Poets , of old an Itland , 
 now a mo ft high Promontory , placed upon certain Rocks over the 
 Sea conjoyned to the Terra firma s by the P lathes of water, and Fen- 
 nijh hills , full of woods and Trees, where Fame faies t hat Circe i he 
 moft beautifull Daughter of the Sun transformed he:- gueftsin:o 
 beafts and Cattel by her Magick Art (which if not credible) let's 
 beleeve (he did it by her whorifh Art. 
 
 Strabo faies, that in the time oiAugujius here was apparent a Tern 
 pie of Circe, an Altar of Minerva , and that Goblet which Vlyjji* 
 madeufe of, when his companions weremetamorphofed into bealls 
 as Homer in his verfes declares. They aflert commonly that in truth 
 the mountain abounds with various plants of occult vertue and 
 with infinite rare herbes, and that thence this Fable had its Original. 
 Fortherelatersof Natural caufes averr, that Circe, k/fkw, in Greek, 
 fignifies the revolving of the Sun, through whole heat, and the 
 reflex of the Summer Raies, the plants and animated things receive 
 vigour, and mutation. Thence then departing, you muft pafie 
 through the humid and large Pontine Campagna, : which is divided 
 in the midft by the Strada Appia Regina } { the Queen of ftreets as we 
 may call it,)from the Maufeoli^ the Sepulchres , Temples, Villages, 
 and Palaces , wherewith twas once proudly adorned on both fides, 
 now only miferable reliques of its former luftre lying dejectedly and 
 difptrfedly in the waters. 
 
 TJRRAClNJ. 
 
 WAS an ancient Colony of the Romans, and firft of the F'olfci, 
 twas firft called Anxur, or Anfure t as moft fuppofeinthe 
 greek Language, from a certain place facred to Jupiter called Anfure 
 the moft famous and moft antient; which they fay the Spartans 
 built in that very place , in the fame form, as is that of the Dea Fe 
 rmia, in the Tontine Field s,built by the sircei^nd Rutili 3 who through 
 the rigidnefs of Lycurgus his Laws deferted their Countrey, and af- 
 ter long voyages fixed their abode in the maritime confines of Italy, 
 as DionyfiustialicarnaJJms in his fecond book of Antiquities fets forth: 
 Virgil alfo makes mention of fuch a name in the eighth of his Mneides 
 ftanding on the Circean Mountain in thefe verfes. 
 
 tirciumqnt )ugum queis Jupiter Anxurus oris Pr<ejidet. 
 
 Upon which Servius in hhComentary gives the derivation of Anxur 
 in thefe words, Circa trattum Campania , colebatur puer Jupiter, qui 
 Anxurus dicebatur, quaji, ahv £«$*, id ejl fine novacula, beciufe that 
 Jupiter imberbis was there worfhipt .* and he faies in another place, 
 Feroniam Junonem virginem ait exijiimatamfuiffe , vehti Jovem Anxn- 
 rum i velJinenovacula l et perinde non abrafum 5 qui colereturtarmcinx, 
 ;t[U£ etiam Anxurum aliquando diUafuit. And I remember my felf to 
 
 © S f f have 
 
jt5oj The Hiitory otlTALT, Part 111. 
 
 iave ieen a marble Altar dedicated by vow to Jove, a childe, as its 
 
 antient infcription teftifyed. 
 
 Strabo writes, that the Grecians called her by another name to wit 
 \trachina i as much as to fay fharp, fiojm thegrtek word Tjwoixii being 
 jfeatedonafharpand ftony mounta in, from which word it feems 
 jlikely the Romans took the niine Tarracina as is evident by fome an- 
 
 iquc infcriptions: for all which, according to this form I conceive 
 
 we ought to correct whatever word we meet with differing from this 
 
 as we find in the fourth of Titus 1 ' ivivs. Anxur fuit qu<e nunc Tarradm 
 \JHnt t urbs pronajaludes : He f.ems to have in his mind the fharp and 
 
 (tony Horatian Countrey, when he fogratioufly defcribes this very 
 
 voyage of the Strada App;a in the fecond book , 
 
 ICra manufque tut laviww Tcronia lympha t 
 Millia tumpranft tria repfi. nut atquefubimus. 
 Impofitumjaxis late catfdet >:Ohs Anxur. 
 
 Tarracina is fcituate three m les off the Temple of Feronia in the 
 Circean Promontory jn the Strada. Appta^wh'ich. heretofore as Solinus te- 
 ftifies, was environed by the Sea, now a populous though fmall 
 Gountrey : whereof that part towards the Sea is fertile and plea- 
 fant, of old moft adorned and pompous, through the gardens Pa- 
 laces and poffeflions of the Romans , who were rich and potent, 
 whereof fome Reliques and ruincs lye fcattered here and there, as 
 alfo fome footfteps of that famous Port which Antoninus Tins reftored 
 with fo vaft etfpence. Apart alfo of the Temple ui Jupiter Imber bit 
 yet ftands in the Walls of the Dome, as the vaft Marbles and pieces 
 of Pillars witnefs^before it are fome old inferiptions w'uh a Pillar to 
 TheodorickSo* having dryed the Fen^and renewed the way as by this 
 appears. 
 
 Inclyta Cothorum Regis monuments vetujia 
 Anxurei hoc oculis expofuere loco. 
 
 The Strada Appia is compacted of (olid ftones and even all the 
 way to Fondi, which may well entertain the Pilgrim with its mar- 
 vellous ftructure, and the confideration of itsoldFragments,and 
 above all where tis cut out of moft hard milftones , and reduced to 
 a direct plain by chizels of Iron even to the Promontory of Tarracina. 
 TheSpectator refts ftupid at the evenefs of the ftraight way for foot 
 PafTengers, at the length of the ftones, fome being little leffe than 
 20 paces long and three broad, adorned with ridges or cuts for the 
 drynefle of the way for pafTengers, and at every ten foot are ftones 
 raifed for the moreeafy getting up on horsback or into Cart. Who 
 isnotaltonifhtatthefolid wall of the fame white Rock, whereon 
 arediftinguifbable every ten foots diftance, and the great num- 
 ber of thofe ten feet defcribed and eafily to be fetn ? Who is not 
 pleafcd with the defign of thofe characters fo well made , and with 
 fo good proportion.' and who is not amazed to fee thofe Toinbes 
 and Marbles on thewaie c 9 ofo!d adorned with ttiumphs of enemies 
 now deprived wholly of all their lair habiliments? By thefe ways ; 
 itfeemedgoedtothe antients <o propagse themajefty, andau-! 
 
 thorny! 
 
Part 1 1 L From ROMETo NAPLES. \iv^ 
 
 tbority of the Roman Empire through the world, and to caufel 
 by thofe vaft Labours and coft: their greatnefs and power to be fea- 
 red by Fonaign Chiefs and Embafladors repairing from be- 
 yond the Seas and the Alpes to Rome^ that they might be Aftoniflit 
 w'nh the Ornaments of //^ and Rome. All which things reprefent 
 to the prefent age the vaftnefs of the Fabricks in part times,though 
 now appearing little lefsthan deformed. 
 
 FONDL 
 
 FON D7is but a fmall Caftle, but placed in anadmirablefcite 
 in the plain of the strada Appia, and is as we may fay > rifen out 
 of the ruiues of theantient perfection of Towns, wheh bore the 
 fame name, whereof fome Fragments yet appear in the adjacent 
 tent near the Lake Fondano. Tofpeak of itwith authority take 
 thefe verfes of a certain GermanPoet. 
 
 Colhbus hinc i at que inde Law , Jlmul <equOre cin&um. 
 Citria cuiflorent hortis e littore Myrti 
 Uefperidum decus, et benevolentia cult a Diotter: 
 
 In our times this Caftle received a foul difgrace from the bands of 
 Hariadeno BarbaroJJa Captain of the Turkiih Armada , who by a fud- 
 dain inroad took it , leading away all the Souldiers and Inhabitants 
 facking the Caftle, prophaning the Churches, and arrived at his 
 Gallies claptallhis prifoners into Chains. 
 
 The Strada Appia is the largeft,and was thefamoufeft among the o- 
 ther twenty eight ftreets or ways of note, which took beginning at 
 Rcme,3ind was called the Queen of ftree ts: becaufe that by it paffed 
 to Rome fuch as came triumphing from the EaQ.Appio c laudio made it 
 as far as Capna 3 and Caligula, caufed it to be paved with fquare ftones, 
 and laftly irajane renewed and reftored it to Brandizz,o i beautify- 
 ing it on each fide with a green hedge of Laurels,Bayes,Pomgranats 3 
 and Maftick trees: purfuing this way before arrival at Fondiyon 
 meet the III on s Cacubus, noted amongft the antients for the good wine 
 it bore as Martial faith, 
 
 Cacuba Fttrdanis gencrofa coquntw ahenif. 
 
 And leaving Fondi for Gaeta, in the way you fee the VillaFormia.- 
 na famous for Cicero's (laughter, and the Caftle Itri, fcituate among 
 certain hills , moft fruitfull in Figs, Olives, and other fruit. Mola 
 of old called Formia Formoja from the gardens, lies thirty ftades 
 thence; « (fade being 125 paces, eight whereof make an Englifh 
 mile. Thence three miles taking the right hand you arrive at Gae- 
 ta> which Country , although all dong it be but a bank, is fo well 
 cul- T vated , and fo lovely adorned , that it may not only fafcinate 
 and entertain the eyes of the Traveller , but may be faid like that 
 in d e Fable, The refidenee of the Nymphs, being in truth infinite- 
 ly pleafanr , and delightful) : on the right hand of it you have the 
 piofpftjof the Sea j on the left. Flowers.Greens and Ir^es, which 
 
 Sff 2 I sing 
 
2*Z 
 
 TheHiftory of IT ALT, Part III 
 
 being on this and that fide bathed by the murmuring Rivolets, af- 
 ford a moft excellent favour forrefreihing the Travel lors wearied 
 fcnfes 
 
 
 
 GAETA. 
 
 Virgil fpeaks in honour of G A ETA or C AjET a inthefe 
 verfes. 
 
 Tu quoquelittoribus nofiris Atneia nutrix 
 Atternam morkns famam Cajeta dedijli. 
 
 G A ETA enjoyeth a Port and a Fort, which heretofore Ferdi- 
 nando King of the Artagonians founded in a Corner of the Promonto- 
 ry towards the Eaft,having then driven the French out of the King- 
 dome of Naples : within our memory the Emperor churls the 5th. 
 added to it the neighbouring rock,conjoyning it by a bridge,which 
 may be drawn up at pleafure, to the rock that is hightft, and fo re- 
 doubled the buildings, augmenting its ftrength , with Towers and 
 ramparts, and enclosing the whole mountain joyned it to the City 
 by Ditches and Walls : from which Towers ( fuch is their contri- 
 vance ) the Port and the Gity though lying much lower, receive 
 a perfect defence and protection.- being alwaies guarded with a 
 goodgarifon of Spanijh Souldiers.- nor is any perfon permitted to 
 enter } neither ftranger Townesman or Country man. 
 
 The City therefore may be well efteemed fecure, Gnce fo well 
 provided for by art, with all thofe Forts bulwarks, &c. and by 
 nature, by its own fcitUation, having contiguous with it, that Fro. 
 tnontory as twere hanging over it, and almoft round it the waters 
 of the Sea, being as twere in a Feninfula , having but a narrow ifth- 
 Ktus to come to it by Land, excellently defended by a bridge,aGate, 
 a Fort, and the Sea waters on each fide. 
 
 The Promontory ihews it felf with two Heads 3 on that fide regar- 
 ding the Mediterranean , lies the City on the plainefr and levelled 
 part, on the other Cliffs,r\ocks,and Precipices which extend into 
 the Seiij tis open from top to bottom , occasioned by a great earth- 
 quake , and that a long time fince , fuch many times happening in 
 thefe parts of Italy. The old Poets and Prophets fometimes cal- 
 led Neptune, EnnoJtg£o } and ^ifittone^ for that as they feigned be tur- 
 ned upfide down the foundations of the mountains withhis7r;*&«*. 
 The Inhabitants and neighbouring people in boats with great de 
 votion row into that wide fpace , and religioufly reverence the 
 place : for that they certainly believe that mountain was thus cleft 
 infunder by an earthquake,at the time our Redeemer JefusChrift 
 fuffered upon the Grofs for the fal vation of mankindras in the ho- 
 ly Gofpel we find it written , that at that time the Mountains, and 
 ffones were rent in funder. in the midft of the opening of this moun- 
 tain, ftands a Church and a very rich Monaftery dedicated to the 
 moft facred and great Trinity, built with the alms of devout fouls,/ 
 you may there fee a vaft ftone,fo fallen from the top of the mountain 
 
 that' 
 
Part IILJFrom ROME To NAPLES. \j£ 
 
 that it may be faid to be. fuftained by a miracle between the broken 
 walls of the opening, where it begins to narrow . There Ferdinand 
 King of Arragonia, erefted a fair Chappel , dedicatingittothetf.S. 
 Trinita, which appears as in the Sea, and they go to it from the mo- 
 naftery by a way made with hands in the rupture of the Mountain: 
 the broken ftones on one fide, and the hollowed places whence 
 they fell on the other , when torn out by the earthquake,afFord an 
 enticing objeft. 
 
 Among other things there worth a view,is a fhrine made by charts 
 of Bourhon , a famous though wicked Captain of later times who 
 in the bloody aflault and fack oiRome dyed of a wound from a gun- 
 fhot .- The bones of this bad man , are enclofed in a cheft'or coffin 
 of wood covered with black silk, and are obvious at the firft en- 
 trance of the Caftle in an eminent place.- under it may be read this 
 Epitaph. 
 
 Francia mi dia la luche ' 
 
 Efpanna m'esfuerzo, y Ventura 
 Roma mi dia la muerte 
 Gaeta la Scpoltura. 
 
 Englifhed thus by Jc. RaymondGent. 
 
 France gave me breath 
 
 Spain ftrength to arms did call 
 
 Rome gave me death 
 
 Caeta Burial. 
 
 Buttojiudy brevity , 1 have deliberated to run ever thofe 
 things only, which may afford fome fruit in reading and 
 learning to the Ingenious. 
 
 JN the upper pert of the Temple or great Church they (hew all 
 the pretious gifts and ornaments of that magnificent houfc, 
 wherein theEpifcopal feat was at firft placed, after the burning and 
 deftru&ion of the neighbouring Formia^beftowed on i t by the cruel 
 hands of the Saracens. Out of whoferuines was drawn that huge| 
 Bacchical Crater or Boul, which holds many of thofe meafuresofi 
 wine which are called Crati or runnelets tis made of the whiteft mar- 
 ble and is now applycd to the ufe of a Font for holy Baptifm. Corona\ 
 Tighio reports , not to have feen a VefTel ("of that fort) more fair nor, 
 perfeft:in it are moft artificial greek Carvings ,fo well wrought tbat j 
 the fculptor (to (hew his own fatisfaclion ) engraved his proper! 
 name .• the greek letters engraven (hew Salpion an Athenian to be the j 
 Author : as appears by this. 
 
 Ttt 
 
 SAAlHflN 
 
TfaeHiftoryoff TALY, IParrlir. 
 
 sA/yni0N 
 
 A,©H1>JA40S 
 JEnoifaZE , 4 
 
 The VciTe! is engraven with excellent de fign« and grace,and in it 
 A? %ured Dionyfm ,he that had twomothers(asthePdet8fay)& was 
 of the nature oi rire*whoai Mercury by commiffion from jupiter ime- 
 diattly u pon his bii th took and caiied toLucotea. the fitter of his mo- 
 ther .• they ft ign.that this Dionysus or Bacchus , was begotten by }«- 
 pifer Qn Sonde , who being ambitious of equal honour with jf«»f, 
 rtquefte d of Jupiter to accompany her in his divine Majefty, where- 
 fore j(ra<? atttnued by his lightning and thunder came to her, but 
 (be not able to endure his prefence s tell forth within travail ,& was 
 delivered of this Son before full maturity , and dyed > and foune as 
 foolifhly feign,that Jupiter cut a hole in his thigh, and put the child 
 in there till the full time of his birth. Orpheus ,raufa»ias : &(. Ovidius call 
 her Matuta or Nyfa (the more antient poets jf*»») who they fay gave 
 the firft fuck to hacchus a boy 3 who grown to mote bignef* , was de- 
 livered to the Nymphis to be brought up; whticot Ovid'm the third 
 oi his Metamorphofs fpeaks thus 
 
 Furtum ilium pr'mis Ino matertera ennis 
 Educate indt datum Hymphs Hy) sides antrh 
 OciulutM Juu laSijque aliment a, deden^ 
 
 Here then may fbe be feen in the habit of a Matron fitting upon 
 a rock , receiving the boy brought her by Mercury intolerarms, 
 fwathing him,and hid ng him in her breafts,the Satyrs and Hobgob- 
 lins dancing round in the mean time to the found of a Tabour and 
 pipe* Of which fable who would relate all themyfteries, fhould 
 have enough to de? wherefore we will referve it with mjny other 
 things tobemet within tjiis, voyage to a more opportune place ,all 
 which the diligent Inquifttorof antiquity CoronaPigho i hath com- 
 mon ic&ted.to us. 
 
 At Qaeta twill quit the pains of climin.g>upthe< top. of this high 
 Promonrory, to be enabled to fee and meafure iheAJaufeolumoiL. 
 Alar.it ins TUmus the Orator a, Tupdol Ciceroes, s 
 
 From which aCfyonolcger may cqlject p it isofne*refjxteen hun- 
 dred yeers /tending., andbuiltinthe^timeofr^j^fiC^yfr.* which 
 for its entireneffe on e»vpry fide of the -fea Teems a miracle^ the^people 
 now call ^t Torre Orlandiita 3 the reward ofthe rufticknefsofpoftcriiy, 
 who littje regarding the antiquity of, hiftory, originatexthevWoiks 
 and famous deeds of their anecftors , at their own time^ and^utri 
 hute them,tp whom they pleafe. XhisFiabriekisof-aAorbicuJar 
 form , and fetmstobemadeofthefamc«rehitecl;;as.is that of Ms- 
 tcllm the Son of guintus Creticus in the^fr^ Appia : being compo- 
 fed cf two rounds or circles of folid wall,the outmoft whereof ] built 
 with gjeat fquare ftones contains in the diameter 28.pjacesor34/oot 
 whence may be deduced the great largenfiifeof theSgpulchre, by 
 reducing theLine of theDbmerre into a Circle-nor does the heighth 
 ieeoplefle, for as mu c h as the eye can judge of meafure : being rai- 
 
 Cer. i 
 
jPaitlll, Vrom ROME to NAPLES. 
 
 W 
 
 fed by a? ftones placed one above another, of a foot and halt in 
 thicfcncfles>on the top of which is layed a Crown figured out of the 
 rates or battlements of the walls.pompoufiy adorned with the ent» 
 mies armes and fpoiles. 
 
 At the entrance of the gate is a fpace of fevcn foot wide, made 
 out ofthe in ward Circle, all fmall manufacture of bricks, and con- 
 joined with the walls without c with a hig h Arch .-and that inclofed 
 by other high Arches reprelents in the middle of the Maujeolum the 
 form of a round Temple,which hath foure large receptacles for pre- 
 ferving otftatues. The inward walls feem to be pargetted moft 
 neatly like marble , giving a luftre fo fhining and whire that it ftemsN 
 like glafs , and tis fuppofed that the reflection of the fnow which 
 is beaten in, redoubles the light; there being no other entrance 
 for any then at thedoor,whichofit felf'cannot fufficiently enlight- 
 en the place .- over the door may be plainly read the title of Lucius 
 Hancui the Orator > with an elogie of hisenterprifes, as fsirely en- 
 graven as if writ on a Table t ; whereof take the exaft copy drawn 
 outby Corona righto t the beft corrc&td of any other. 
 
 L. Mmat'ms L.F.L.N.L. Treu. 
 r Uncus, cos Cent. Iwp. Iter. VII. Vi*. 
 Fp. Li Triumph. Ex. ti£tts MdtmSatnrni 
 Fecit de manibit Agros Divifit In Uahe 
 Benevtnti in Gallia. Uednxit Goloniat. 
 Lugdnnum & Rauticant. 
 
 From whence with certainty we collect the age of this Maufeolum t 
 for from the Offices and Magistracies admin iff red by L.Tlancus nomi- 
 nated in this writing,we conclude it muft be built fifteen or fixteen 
 yeers before the birth of our Lord Chrift •, and from our Annals of 
 Magifcrates it appears, thathe waslaff of all Cenfor 25 ycers after 
 his Confulacy and that he dyed in that dignity the yeer of Romet 
 Rife fcaven hundred 8c thirty one. And therefore may we affuredly 
 believe that the Title making mention of his Cenfor (hip this Fa 
 brick was fimfhed a little after his death and this infeription fet up 
 in honour of him , for a memorial of his high dignity and other no- 
 ble imprtfles. Thus much (hall fuffice touching the Maujeolum of 
 flattens. Strabe writes that the Lactdemonians who came in old time 
 to inhabite there, called this Promontory Gaeta from its Obliquity , 
 by which term all other things of a crooked nature , were called in 
 the spartan tongue, to wit ««"£«. ufafteond this gave denomina- 
 tion to the Cattle: to the like purpofe likewife we read that thean- 
 tients termed any Dike or whirlepoole,occafioned by earthquake 
 ctiixtut . Some fay that the Trojan Armada burnt it felf in the port of 
 La£ta> and that twas therefore called Apo ton caiein which fignifies to 
 hum.* but be it as twill the better part of antient writers believe 
 «riti> Virgil the Prince of Poets, who fings, that Mneas returned 
 irom hell named the place Gaeta and was there buried, from 
 whtnte by opinion of the antients twas ever ifteetned a moft an- 
 tique place. 
 
 You may with delight here have the profpect otCapua, theCoun* 
 tnryt FaJtrna^ ttiLta^ and i eioritta , the moft beautiful parts oilta. 
 , Ttt a ty, 
 
15& 
 
 The Hiftory of IT ALT, Part III. 
 
 ly, whofe hills are plentifully fraught with good wines,whence who 
 uclight to drink well and to be intoxicated, fetch trotn far thefe 
 wines for the celebration of that gnjie$ and here the an tients were 
 wont to fay 3 an important combate was fought between the Father 
 Libcrio the Finder of wine, and ceres the Goddefle who was the 
 Daughter of Saturnus and Ope and wife of Ojyris King of Mgypt t 
 whom the Greeks fuppofe to have firft invented the fowing of wheat 
 and bailey, which before grew wilde among other herbs, &c. 
 
 The Gaetan port for its amplitude & antiquity is famous among 
 authors,being well f or tifyed by its proper fcite and nature againft all 
 ftoimy winds from its neighbouring mountains, and the Gountrey 
 about it. Giulio Cd/> : *,placeth the Poits of Gaetaand Jerracina^moog 
 the other publique great and noble Aclsof Antonio rio Augujio , as 
 if formed by him. 
 
 Taking the Strada Appia between Moh and Sueffa^ you will meet 
 fome grand fbu&ures of Sepulchres of the antients t but laid waft , 
 and among other that which is (hewed for the fepulchre of Marcus 
 Tulliits Cicero, be^ng fuppofed to be the lame by Giovanni Tontano^ in 
 whofe time they fay, a piece of Ciceroes Epitaph was there found. 
 Yet Corona Tighio will not believe, thatSepulchre can be foanti- 
 ent : tis built orbicular? covered at top by bricks, whicharefup- 
 ported by a pillar ftanding in the midft: on the right hand of it 
 lies the port, whence certain ftone freps conduct up to the Room 
 above , which are filled with t homs and bufhes .' it takes name from 
 the Dukes Palace ftanding oppofite to it. 
 
 SVESSA. 
 
 THis Gity merits a moft peculiar view, being no lefs fa- 
 mous for its antiquity, then the frequent recordation of an- 
 tient writers: in her (as Dionyfius Halicarnajjeus writes in his 5th. 
 Book ) the Temetini retired themfelves, when driven out of their 
 Country P<?«*ef*rf,deftroyed by Tarquinius Trifctts King of the Romans^ 
 whence it began to be called "iuefja and now Sejfa } it was alfo named 
 SueJ/'i by tht Aurunci (as Lwy teftificsjwho being overcome by Titus 
 AlanliHs the: Con{\\\ aiding their adverfaries the Sidicini, recovered 
 this place with their wives and Children: This City isicituatein 
 the Lampagna I 'ejtina near the Monte Majfico on the Strada Appia t in 
 a pleafant fertile &]Country :and was efreemed for being the princi- 
 pal C ity of the Volfci, as well as for being a Confine to the Romans: 
 twas made a Colony about 440. yeers after the birth o(Ron/eas may 
 be collected from Livy t though Veliits writes,that people werefent 
 thither and a Colony made three yeers after Luccria: it groaned un- 
 der frequent loffes, and important deftruftions , both in the C^r- 
 thaginian war, and in the civil Factions: but afterwards from thefe 
 miffortunesroufingitfelf, itfiourifhed under the Emperors,chiefly 
 under Adrian and Antonini Pii> as we draw from the Titles of Sta- 
 tues, from the EIogies,and inferiptions on Marble Tablets, extant 
 in divers places thereabouts. 
 On the right hand of the Church of the Preaching Fryersjftands 
 
 thi 
 
Part 111, YromROMETo NAF L E S. 
 
 thetombe of wood of Augujiinus Nifas a moft learned Philofopher 
 of his times. 
 
 Looking towards the Sea , on the right hand you may obferve 
 populous places yet but villages,exceilently cultivated, which arc 
 called the Cafali difejfa. 
 
 At twelve miles diftance from Mola you meet the River Lirit ' in 
 its defcent from the Apenines 3 and paflage to the Sea, pleafantly 
 irrigating the neighbouring Meadows. 
 
 In thele Marius hid himfelf in his flight fromty//a,herealfo lies the 
 Torre di FrancoleJJej/ihexe Hannibal being befieged by Fabins Maximus. 
 efcap't through that famous firatagem of making his enemies drunk." 
 thele Meadewes were efteetned by the Romans as highly as any un- 
 der their dominions,as may be eafily comprehended from Cicero, who 
 magnifies beyond meafure the strada Herculatea , calling it a way of 
 great delights and Riches; contiguous lies the Monte Cwubofamous 
 for being the producer of fo generous wine , and for having fuch 
 celebrious Fens near} which very much pleafed Flaccns when he 
 praifedthe^/tar^. v*&ory of Augujius in thefe verfes. 
 
 gnando repojlum Cecubum t adfejias dapes 
 V 1 8 ore Utus C<efare t 
 Tecum fab alt a {Jic Jovi gratum) do mo 
 Beate Atecenas bibam? 
 
 This River Lirit terminated old Latium, which pafled, you came 
 into the Meadows Mintuma afore fpecified, where you may fee the 
 Monte Majjico and Falerno , Sinveffa and Mintuma, and divers others 
 places, whofe defcription you'l meet with under Scotio, in the mean 
 time behold Capua, 
 
 CAPVA. 
 
 Capua of old the head of the Champam, then was frigimtized 
 with the Character of great arrogancy and wilful obft inacy as a- 
 among others may be collected from Marcus Tullius , whofpeaking 
 againft Publius ffa//«i\Proteirs,that \\itCampani\xht inhabitants of the 
 Plain or champain, are haughty minded and proud of thegoodnefs 
 of their Fields, the quantity of fruits,the wholefome air and beau- 
 ty of their City; From which abundance fprung that fooliih requcft 
 which the Campani made, to wit that one of the Ctmfuls might be) 
 chofen out otcapuaj whofe delights were fucb, that they overcame! 
 and enervated the army of Hannibal^ before his arrival there, in 
 vincible and powerfull above all others: Cicero calls Capua the Seate 
 of pride, and manfion of delights, and faies that it creates in the 
 people fuch cuftomes as if they proceded from the principal of ge 
 neration,when it may be rather fuppofed they happen from the na- ! 
 tureand air of the place,and cuftom of living and eating.and hence 
 it falls out for the moft part, that the genius of the place generate s 
 inhabitants like it felf. 
 
 The new Capua is fcituate on the banks of the river Vulturmsjwo 
 
 Uuu miles 
 
 **7 
 
TheHi ftory of IT ALT, Part III, 
 
 miles diftant from the old Capua, the delight oiHmnibd^ and Para 
 gon with RomeznA Carthage-^ where the ruines of Theatres, Acquc- 
 duds j Temples, Porticoes, Baths, Palaces, and other Structures 
 (hew its former magnificence: there alfo may be feen many great 
 fubterranean vaults and confervatories for water , and pieces of vaft 
 columns , (ufficient teftioionies of the power and pride of the old 
 Capua j although the new adjacent City hath drawn thence a great 
 part of thofe infinite rcliques. .Strata will have Capua to be named 
 from the ctuntpain, and Publius Maro likewffe, who calls the City 
 Campana as alfo Tullms and Livius : \ts Citizens 3nd the other inha 
 bitants Campani, from their manuring great Field?, in that happy 
 plain of Campania, now Terra di L&vore , which moft Authors as 
 well modern asold,exto! for the moft fruitful plat of earth in the U 
 niverfe/in a word t was the fubjeft ofVirgils Georgicks.Yet the Poets 
 Maro,Lucan,Silius and other fings,that theGapi irojani companions of 
 i£«e<*/ gave to it Inhabitants, walls,and denomination. 
 
 Of her werefirft Patrones, the Opici, and the Aujoni, and after- 
 wards the Ojci a lufcan People, from whom twas called Ofca,as Stra. 
 bo writes: thefe latter were driven out by the Cumani . and they 
 by the Tufcans, who augmenting her power by adding eleuen o- 
 ther Cities,made her the Metropolis 9 and as Livy writes called her 
 VoUurno from the approaching Rivers name. At laft the Romans find- 
 ing her potent, a neighbour, and in the heart of Italy,* perpetual 
 enemie , and no lefs emulous of their Empire then Carthage it felf, 
 terrible and fierce throflgh the friendfhip and company of Hannibal, 
 reduced her under their dominion by railing many Forts about her, 
 befieging her to Famine,and the (laughter of all her Counfellors,and 
 then they fould all the Citizens and other people together with the 
 Cantpana, forbidding for the future the City to have any head or 
 publique alfembly, Magiftrates Counfel or other footfteps or ho- 
 nour of republique : and commanded that herP.laces fhouldbe 
 raifed, that (he mould be an habitation for husbandmen only 5 and 
 frequented by none but libertines,Factors,and other the viler fort of 
 artizans. In this deplorable condition lay Capua above one hundred 
 and thirty yeers,and her ChampzinC aittpania,was the Rontanspablick 
 to the time of theGcnfuKhip of &C£far,who by thefavour of the Ju- 
 lian Law,madeagainftthe will of the Senate and nobility, confign- 
 edhis part by one and one tohisSouldiers, andhvft (unrounding 
 her with walls , made her a Colony , as appears from the Fragments 
 of Julio Frontino j when as from a refurreclion (he began and conti- 
 nued to flourifh under the Em perors in the power of the RomansjMl 
 (he was taken and deftroyed by Genfericus King of the Van dais, -who 
 driven out by the ofirogoths , they pofTefled her,and they expelled 
 by jw/efe, he reftored her, but at laft (he was again ruinated and 
 wholly deftroyed by the Longobardi, But tis not known in what 
 time this new <- aptta rife out of the ruines of the old, nor by whom 
 tranfplantedattwomilesdiftance? although moft likely, that the 
 Citizens driven away and difperfed by force, and through fear of 
 the baibarous at laft retired themfelves thither, and pi an puino by 
 little and little out of the ruines of the abandoned Capua founded 
 their new habitations : the ncwCapua lying on the banks of the VoU 
 turnus is now a great and powerfull Gity whereof Julius Cxfar Sea- 
 ____^__ li & er 
 
iPartUirFr om ROME to N A T LES. I zj? 
 
 \liger the Poet fings , no lefie biteing than obfcure in thefe ver- 
 
 / lammeaji valeatfupcrarefnperbiafajluw } 
 
 Pingtiem luxuriant deliciofus smor^ 
 Hoc mollem pinges Capu.tm, Capu£<jne colonos-, 
 
 Et qu£ alijs vifa eji, necfibi met a fait. 
 
 Capua was the Metropolis of eleven famous Cities in Campagna , 
 which as alfo Carthage-, and Corinth , Cicero efteemed fo potent 
 and rich, as that he thought,either abJeto fuftain the greatneffe of 
 the Roman Empire : Hannibal writing of her to the Carthaginians faies 
 that after Rome (he had the ftcond place in Italy. 
 
 AVEKSA 
 
 THe Road to Averfa lies through the Campagna Stellata , and 
 thence by the Leborina i randolfus collemtio the writer of the 
 Neapolit an hittory affirms th it twas at firir called Adverfa for this rea- 
 fon , becaufe the Normanni, having planted and fortified their quar- 
 ters in the mines of old Attella againft Capu.i and Naples , founded in 
 the midftof the w.iy the beginning or this City, totheendtnat 
 from fo convenient a place they might abate the force of twofuch 
 potent Cities. 
 
 Having paffed the River Liris , you go through Campania , the 
 which as well in its abundance of Fiuit Corn wine and oyl,as in the 
 frequenzy pleafantneile and largenefs of the champdin^ far furpaf- 
 feth all the other provinces of Italy : tisa Land which voluntari- 
 ly receives the Iron, and permits not it felf to be broke up in vain , 
 but feems ftudioufly willing to afford the Labourer thegreateft ufu- 
 ry$ tis namedjerr^ diLavoro y and La campagna , and all the way 
 from capita to Aver fa, with good reafon wascalledby Fliny^Leborin* 
 quail Laborina , a Field in Campania, where the ftubblc of the Corn 
 is io grear, that the People do bu rn it inftead of wood,as we have it 
 in Coopers Dictionasy. It hath hndalfo the attiibute of happy too, 
 which was never given to any o her province of the world except 
 to Arabia in the Orient: Tis therefore no wonder, that the Cnmani , 
 the Opici s the Tofcani , the Samniti ) and laftly the Romans , could 
 notdefpifefo great riches and plenty of all things. In particular 
 the Pianura stellata , is fo fat and fertile, that with good reafon it 
 holds the chief place in Italy for abundance of all forts of fruits^ 
 which the inhabitants call Campagna St ellata, from that propiriauf- 
 nefsof theftarsitenjoyes: Cicero in his orations , ftilesir themoft 
 beautifull Champain of the whole world. Hence they fetch their 
 Victuals for the Roman armies, and this, C#far (who then prepa- 
 red his way to the Empire by gifts) divided amongft twenty thou- 
 fand Roman Citizens. Here xheSamniti to the number of three hun- 
 dred and fixteen rhouf nd were cut in pieces by Lucius Vetturius and 
 Appius Claudius Roman Captains. Here they make Macheroni in ex- 
 cellency, a fort of eating, compofed of pieces of part boiled in wa- 
 ter and put into a difh vtoith butter, fpice, and grated cheefe upon 
 them.' and here properly grows the Vino Afprino--, which is drunk 
 
 Uuu 2 at 
 
- ~ ~ ■ m 'Oi ll frTMm-rr-. - 
 
 z6o ] TbeHifloryof IT A LT, Part III. 
 
 it Rome with fo much ^K/fo in the great heats. 
 
 ATTELLA DE GL10SCL 
 
 THe old AtteUa was a Caftle built by the mod antient people of 
 ofci tis a famous Caftle ,and celebrated by all for the Satyrick , 
 iafcivious, ridiculous and (harp ftories there rehearfed and thence 
 ftiled Attellane: which afterwards with their facetioufnefle acqui- 
 red fuch authority, that from the mumming place of that Caftle, 
 they mounted even the Roman Theatres : at prefent both the Land 
 md Towns can boaftof nought fave fome Gentlemens and Lords 
 Palaces there lately eredted,more of of it will be fpoken under fome 
 Mediterranean places. 
 
 NAPOLL NAPLES. 
 
 AFfter eight miles travailing from Attella t you arrive at tfaplet , 
 where in every corner as well within as without the City you 
 behold as well beautifull places , as proud Palaces, made with 
 greatart and infinite expence. This City is maritimate on the Me. 
 diteranean fhore, and fpreadethit felfintoa large circuit ; fcituate 
 among moft pleafant hills lying on the north and eaft partsyand on 
 the fouth and weft parts the Sea.from whofe port,without the leaft 
 impediment, in a ferene feafon , may be clearly feen the two pro* 
 montories Mifeno and Minerva: asalfothelflands capreat the de- 
 light of Tiberiusjfckia, and Prochyte, of old fo much celebrated by 
 Srabo Virgil and other Authors, who uoanimoufly agree that the 
 neighbouring people the cumani built it/ and that twas called Par- 
 tbenope from one of the Syrens there interred. They write 3 thatafter- 
 wards (he was tranfplanted by the faid founders,for that feeming to 
 them to flourifh too much , and to increafe from the fecundity of 
 the foyl, they feared (henvgbtone day get the poffeffion and into 
 the room oftheir adjacent Verier cuma^ for which faft they relate 
 that the Cumani groaing under a moft heavy peftilence,were adver- 
 tized by theOracle that the means to pacifie that great affliftion and 
 difgrace, was for them toreedifie the City, and annually to ho- 
 nour with facrifices the Sepulchre of the Goddeffe Parthenope : 
 wherefore (he was reftoredand rebuilt and thence tis inferred (hee 
 was called Napoli ; 3 by a greek word: there are alfo others and di- 
 vers opinions about this matter.* zsLicofrone Calfcidefe, who in his 
 Alexandria calls Napoli mam di Fakro, and Ifaac 7 zetzc, adjoineshis 
 interpretation , that Falerns the Tyrant of Sicilih bu It Uapki in Ita- 
 ly, and that becaufe he cruelly tormented snd flew its ftrangers of 
 what fort foever, thence theftory grew, (h:<t»he tyrew Parthetiope 
 dyed there, and that to her was eredreda Tombe , and fhe there 
 reverenced and annually adored with facrifices nn.ler the Title of a ; 
 Goddeffe in form of a Bird. And wecerta'mly know , thattbere-j 
 fore the Syrens we're adored as Goddeffes among the tutelary Gods, 
 
 of! 
 
Part III. 
 
 NAPLES. 
 
 161 
 
 the placeby the Campatti over all that trad of Magna Crecia 3 and this 
 in the flower of the Roman Empire: I remember furthermore that 
 (many yeers fince ) I law in Nop/a the Syren carved together with 
 Ebone and Sebeto 3 tutelary Gods of the Neapolitans upon a round 
 marble Altar, which is now placed in the receptacle of the foun- 
 tain water, lying on the extremity of the Mole in the port of Naples 5 
 betides which fa id opinions , there are of thofe (as Diodorus sicnlus 
 and Oppianns) who hold that Naples was built by Hercules : and OppU 
 anus'm particular alluding to the name of the City in hispoemeof 
 hunting, calls Naples the new Camp of Hercules. In fine all writers 
 concur in this , that fhe is a moft antient City , and was famous be- 
 fore K<wwe,flouriihing among the moft illuftrious greek Cities of Italy 
 for the Pythagorean philofophy. Afterwards the Roman Empire fprea* 
 ding it felf over Italy , becaufe fhe moft forward ly fubmLtted her 
 felf to it , whilft they were in agitation to fubjeel: Campania 3 the Ro- 
 ntons received her among the other free and confederate Cities: and 
 Livy affirms as well as many ot her Authors, that fhe from that time 
 conftantly continued her Friendfhip,and obferved that Faith which 
 at the firft fhe had given to the Romans: Furthermore the affaires of 
 the Republique being reduced to a bad ftate in the fixth yeer of the 
 Carthaginian war, fhe not only refolved not to withdraw it felf from. 
 the Romans jn defpightof the near lyingCapua and the qther rebel- 1 
 liousCities,but alfo as the faid Lrvy relates.fcntEmbaffadors to Rome, I 
 and by them would have prefented as an A& of Liberality and No- 
 bleneiIe 5 to the Senate then in Court,forty Goblets of Gold of great 
 weight,and therewith offered force, riches,and in fum all whatever 
 their Anceftors had left them inlaid afllftance and defence of the 
 Empire and City of Rome: To which Embaffadors then with all 
 demonftration ot courtefy were returned great thinks, and only 
 one of thofe Goblets retained , ana that alfo weighed the leaft of 
 them : wherefore for her great and conftant fidelity was 
 fhe ever ofteemed, held and honoured among the free and 
 Confederate Cities of Italy, as well in the times of theConfulsas 
 under the Emperors , fhe ( Capua, being oppref r^fubdued and redu- 
 ced to the fervitude of the rrdjt&ura j augmented fufliciently , and 
 moft happily enjoyed for a long time the fruits of her fidelity .Hither 
 sissirabo inftructsus, the youth to intend their ftudies, and many 
 ancient men to enjoy quiet and tranquility of mind, were wont to 
 retire themfelves from Rome % as to the purpofe Silius It aliens 3 
 and before him Horatm flaccus to the fame fung, facing 
 
 Nunc ntolles nrbi ritus, atque hofpita Mnjis 
 Otia 3 & exemptnm curis gravioribus £HHm. 
 
 Italy affords not a place enjoying fo milde and benigne a heaven 
 as Naples , having a double fpring yeerly in flowers, which the fur- 
 rounding Fields produce plentifully as alfo great variety of Fruits , 
 and thofe the moft prized^participating no fmall quantity of foun- 
 tains, andfprings, and of healthfull and good waters.- to fay no 
 taore tisfcarce to be believed a natural thing but wonderfull how 
 infinite is their abundance? and therefore with good reafonmay 
 fhe be called the Paradife of Italy t which particulars have chiefly 
 
 XXX been_ 
 
%4i 
 
 The Hiiiory oUTALr, Pare 111. 
 
 been the inviting argument for fo many Emperours, Kings, Princes 
 and ingenuous Perfons, to make their frequent applications and 
 refidence here , and to this day tis reckoned the third City of 
 Italy, and the delights which nature hath allowed this place are fo 
 great, thatmeritorioufly , is fheltuft withfo many proud Pala- 
 ces and irately houfesof Princes and other Grandees, whorefidein 
 them the moft part of theyeer. Tis moft pcrfpicuous and known 
 to all, that Titus Livius the Tadouan Hiftorian, gKHoratms Flaccus , 
 Statins Vapinius 3 Claudius Claudianus all famous Poets , Attnius Seneca 
 thePhilofopher, and infinite others, who have rendredthemfelves 
 immortalby their wits, and learned writings, retired to Naples for 
 heir better and more due atten;ion to their Studies. Wereadfur- 
 thermoie that P. Virgdiits A/aro, lived moft fweetly for a longfpace 
 ioNaples^ad theie compofed his Georgkkf&s&t the end of his fourth 
 book may be collated. 
 
 lllo Virgilium me tempore dulcis alebat 
 rarthenopejiudiisflorentem ignobilis ori. 
 
 He dying in Brindef commanded that his body (hould be hither 
 conveighed and buried in Naples , as we learn from divers testimo- 
 nies ot old.Poets. Servius his Comentator writes, that Virgils Se- 
 pulchre lies two miles diftant {romNapks in the way of PozzhoIo near 
 thegurge ofthat/»/>fen\j*e*»cave,the famous Grot under Taufdipus, 
 now the Inhabitants (hew the place in the gardens of SanSeverimtsi 
 over the door of the garden is this infeription. 
 
 Maronis Vma»t 
 
 Cumadjacente Afonticulo, extenfaque ad Cryptam Vlanitie. 
 Modiornm trium cum dimidio circjterfUrbano VIII. amiuente&c. 
 
 Renovanda Mem. Vr&fettis CbncejjionisJinghUs XXV II Iannis 
 
 in aS is Cur. Archieprfcopjlis/ 
 
 Virgils Tombe is built in a Rotunda, or C ttpola } about five paces long* 
 on the infide,the walls are of brick in fquaTe after the Roman way.- 
 theoutfideof maffive ftone, coveredover with bufhes and among 
 them, three or four bay trees( an immortal teftimony of the Prince 
 of Poets there interred ) fhootforthaboutamansheighth, round 
 it lye fcattered mines teftifying its formers beauty .- in the Rock 
 juft oppolite to the entrance , where his known Epitaph of Mantua 
 me genuit was, that being decayed, is placed a Marble ftone with 
 thefe Verfes. 
 
 S TA IS I. Cencovius. 
 l 5 . 89. 
 
 •gvi] 
 
 
 
jPartl ll. ¥^R0METoN r 2PLE S. j ^ 
 
 gui Cineres .<? Tumuli h<ec vefiigia 9 conditnr olim 
 lllehoC} qmcecinitPafcuajfura, Duces ^ 
 
 Can.Rec. MDLIIII. 
 
 What duft lies here > this Heap protects his Hearfe 
 Who whil'ome Warbled Fields, Farm*, Fights in Verfe. 
 ■ 
 flfhe Crypta Neapolitana a perfect figne of the Roman magnificence 
 is the Rocky mountain Paujilipus , cut thorough; very high fpati- 
 ous and well paved, fo that forthefpaceofamile, two Coaches 
 may go on front under ground. 
 
 From the garden of San Severinus you m2y fee the houfe of Attius 
 SincerwSatwallarius the Poet emulous of Virgil : which by his tefta- 
 ment was made a Monastery , whofe Church is called Delia Beate 
 Virgine , therein ftands a marble Sepulchre car ved with great indu- 
 ftry : on the one fide is Orpheus or Apollo^ou the other the Sybil, or the 
 Mufe wrought of white marble , and here read this Epigram of Car- 
 dinal Tietro Bembo. 
 
 . . Dafacro (inert Folret, hie Hie Maroni 
 
 Sincerus Mufa proxinms^ ut tumulo 
 
 Vixit annosyi. Obiit anno i 530. 
 
 To return to Ndplcs .• tis a City atthistimenoleffe famous for 
 the nobility and magnificence of herCitizens & inhabitants,then for 
 the vaft expence, and for the beauty of the ftructures of all forts : 
 for thatthe Governors of the Emperor Churls the 5th and after 
 themofrA////>KingofSjM7>?,of later yeers Prefidentsor Viceroyes, 
 in theKingdomeof Nap'es, have wonderfully enlarged and forti 
 fiedherwitha new wall, bulwark, Ditches, Towers, Caftlesjin fo 
 much that fhe is now almoft invincible. She is fin thermore full of 
 regard for the many and magnificent Churches, Colledges, Courts 
 Palaces oS Princes and other great Men, asalfoformany oldre= 
 liquesofantienthoufes, Epitaphs, Statues, Sepulchres,Collumns, 
 Altars, Marbles with moft artificial and fair engravings, and other 
 things , which to recite would take up too much Room here. 
 
 Among the reft, any one may meet contentin the grand ruines 
 of the Quadrate- Temple of Cajiori which though the fke hath con- 
 fumed tor the moft part, yet appears before it a part of a moft beau- 
 tiful! port icue, with fix prime Pillars of Marble with their cornifh- 
 es yet a foot, of Corinthian architecture, Wonderful! for their 1 
 vaftnefs, and theartthey are wrought with : they have for Capi-j 
 tols, fomeCV/?/, Iron Clubs ( ufed among the Gr£cntn wreftlers) toi 
 which were tyed with leather ftraps or dryed Sinews, balls or; 
 bullets of lead, which in theitOlimpick games, they ufe to hurl 1 
 orcaft; which with the Foliage and revolts reprefent a becoming j 
 covering j andon theFrife , to which the Rafters are fixed, may j 
 be read a greek infeription, which clearly manifefts,that this was the 
 Temple of the cajion , and thatith* Greek language was iuufea- 
 
 X x xa _ mong 
 
TheHlilory oilTALT, Part III 
 
 mong the Neapolitans, when the Roman Empire fiourifhed .• which is 
 alio confirmed by the chara&ers by the vaft expence of the whole 
 work,&by the exquifit peife&io of the art,in thtTimpano or triangul- 
 ar Frontifpiece of the roof :uponthefe Collumncs were carved many 
 images of theGods,which theFlames and Age have for the moft part 
 confumed.OntheTrefiel was figured an^//l? > &onone& the other 
 fide of it, lies Earth and Water in the form they are ulually figured, 
 thatis in form of a body half raifed up, half lying along, naked to, 
 theNavil : Earth hath the right hand,holding in its left the horn of 
 the Copia, the reft cannot be difecroed, being too much broken and 
 ruinated. 
 
 The Churches qf our Religion, are there in excellent order and 
 rich, as well as many .• and fo well placed , as pleafant flowers for 
 beautifying a Garden. For example the Church of S. Cbiara, en- 
 joying a great and fair monaftery, was very magnificently built by 
 Santia the Spanifi Queen , and wife of KiagRoberto, who by others 
 is named Agneje : which the aniient Kings of the noble houfeof 
 Duraxzo have made famous with their fumptuous Tombcs : and in 
 San Domenico, is the Sepulchre of Aljonfo thefirft, andefmanyo- 
 ther Kings, .gueens, and Princes; and what is more important, the 
 Image ot that Crucifix which fpake unto San Tomafod 1 Aquino, thefe 
 words: lomafo tu haifcritto bene di me:lhomas thou haft written well 
 of me: and that of Olweto : fo alio in other Churches, you may fee 
 many proud depositories and memorials of the Kings of Spain,o( the 
 Heroes and other Princes, wit h ftatues of Marble as if natural. In 
 the Church of San Giovanni dalla Carbemera is the Sepulchre of King 
 Roberto, whofe praifes were writ by all learned men, among the reft 
 by Petrarc ha and Boccaccio. In that of £. Maria Nova, lye interred the 
 bones of Odetto Foix named Lotrecce : and of Pietro Namarro, viCon- 
 falvo Ferrando Cordovefe , and in the moft religious Tabernace of 
 San Giannuacio , are preferved many holy reliques of Saints. Where 
 once in the yeer at leaft they fhewoneby one, all thofe worthy 
 ob )z6t s: as bones of Saints and other Reliques enclofed in gold and 
 Silver with pretious ftones, with the pretious gifts bellowed by 
 Kings and Princes, and other thiogs. Among which with great re- 
 verence, is the head of S. Gianuarw, Bifhop of Pozzuoloife Martyr -, 
 and his bloud ftil remaining in a glafs vial , though dryed snd be- 
 come hard through time .* which vial when brought to the Altar is 
 fet near the head of the Martyr , on the Corner of the Chorus: 
 and the blood ("to admiration) begins to become liquid and to boyl 
 as new wine in the muft, as hath been annually obfervedand feen 
 by all, not without great ftupour. Thence you go to the Annunci 
 at a, a Church famous through the great devotion there exercifed, 
 and rich through the many offerings made to it : as alfo for many 
 reliques of Saints of importance, among others two final 1 bodies 
 of afoot and half long, yet entire, covered with the skinsof in- 
 nocent Children flain by Herode the King, at the time our Saviour 
 was born in Bethlehem, the wound of one is in the head, the other in 
 the bread. 
 
 Contiguous with which lies an hofpital, built like a fpnious Ca> 
 ftle, wherein are maintained as their condition, age, and health re- 
 quire, two thoufand fouls.* therein arc alfo brought up children of 
 
 the 
 
iPart III. 
 
 NAPLES. 
 
 %6% 
 
 the poorer fort,more than eight hundred ,bctween orphane and ex- 
 pofed infants as well males as females : inftrufted in letters and art, 
 according to their inclination till they become great. 'Tis a plea- 
 sure to fee and obferve their feveral diligent exercifes and works : 
 and this cuftome of Chriftian Gharity is certainly very comodious, 
 which as Corona Pighius obferves, refembles rlawes Republique in 
 part j and imitates that Economical government of the Apes, de- 
 fcribed by Xenefonte, and by Virgil the Prince of Poets, defcribed 
 and depainted io well to the fimilitude ot Platoes City. 
 
 Cattle N«0W, the name is new although built more then gooyeers 
 fince by the Brother of San Lodovico, Kiag of France,who was charU 
 the fir (t King of Naples and Count of Anjon, to the end he might 
 thence aid the City and the Port agsinft the maritimate inroads of 
 enemies. Alfonfus the fi:ft of thisname,Kingof the Arragoniansje- 
 ftored it within our memory, after he had expelled the French , 
 and fubdued the Kingdom; and fo well fortifyed it , that tis now 
 held one of theftrongeft Forts of Italy: more efpecially fince the 
 laft Kings, the Emperor Charts the 5th. and Philip his Son com* 
 pleatly furnifhed it, and all the other Forts of this City, with vi&u- 
 als,goodsouldiers, and all other neceflaries and engines of war 
 to keep off the Enemy. 
 
 In the midft of this large CaftJe , frands the pompous Palace of 
 the governors, furnifhed with royal and molt lovely houfhold-ftuff 
 wherein the King or Emperor may find a comodious receipt for all 
 his Court.- ftrangers are aftonifht at the engines of war, theArtil- 
 lcry, the great quantity of Iron Bullets , themurrions inlayed 
 with gold and Silver , the Shields, thefwords, theLaunces, and 
 the other preparation for war there continually preferved. and that 
 admiration becomes much leflened , at the view of the faid palace 
 fo richly laden with tapiftryof filk interwoven with Jewels and 
 gold, the engraving, the ftatues, pictures and the other noble 
 furniture. 
 
 Thence you may fee the Caftle De/'<?w, fo named for that the fhelf 
 which there inlargeth it felf to the fimilitude of an Ifland,retainsan 
 oval form. Collamtiu? writes that this Fort was built by William the 
 third a Norman , and thence called Normannica, which afterwards 
 Alfonjus thefirftKingof the Arragonians , repaired and beautifyed 
 in many things: tis faid that the antient called this by a greek word 
 Miagra t either from a falutatiferous plant there growing,or from the 
 fite and quality of the place, or for that twas difficult to efcape out 
 of it : This Mole is like an artificial ftreet calling it felf into the 
 Sea, whither all the gentry in the evening refort for the benefit of 
 the Frefco. 
 
 TheTownefmen fhew one after another Grottes hollowed un- 
 der the fhelf , alfo fome old memorials erected upon Cliffs,and great 
 quantity of Arms of different fafliions. 
 
 Afterwards pafs into the Court of the Palace by the Gulf of the 
 Sea called by strabo and Tazza^ella format, and if you would learn 
 the difciplincand labour of theGalleots you muft view in the paffage, 
 the near fhores, the Iflands and Promontories round about, as 
 Lifetio, Procrite^Patecufa^ Capreta, Hercttlaneo, and Atheneoox Miner- 
 vio t which as Pliny relates was the iefidence of the Syrens , and that 
 __. Yyy gave 
 

 TheHiaoryof/T^ir, Part III 
 
 gave denomination to the Promontory: and here as Strabo records, 
 V'yjfes confecrated a Temple to Minerva , for his deliverance from 
 the crafty wiles of the Syrens. 
 
 For the mod p irt 40 galleys lye in thisPort,befides other vtlTels to 
 discover and do other fervice.' which Port is very large, and as well 
 as is poilible defended againft fortune with a large bank} which 
 for the fpaceof 500. foot runs from the fhoreinto the Sea in form 
 of a bended arm: and the whole kngth and bredth made of huge 
 pieces of fquared ftones. 
 
 There guQieih out at one end of the Mole a fountain of fwcet 
 water, conveighed thither through the midft of the faid Bank} this 
 fountain hath much marble uue'er it, wherein the water is received, 
 the name is drawn from a Latin word , the foundations are known 
 to have been layed by char's he fecond the French King above two 
 hundred and eighty yeers ago: which Alfonfus the firft a Spaniard, 
 amplified with all magnificence afterwards as well as many other 
 publique edifices within the City: this fancy alfo charls the 5th. 
 Emperor, and Philip his v on took up, in augmenting, fortifying 
 and furnilhing the fame for its commodity and ornament,without 
 refpecf to the expence. 
 
 Hither the mariners in little boats row perfons to fee the Galleys 
 and the life of the flaves with their arts,who from the want of bread 
 learn to fpeak with the words of the Poet PerfettsJ/enter Magi fierce. 
 and fitting, exercife themfelves 5 together with the munition and 
 naval preparations for war: here in a little time may be learnt the 
 mariners art, with their manner of living, wherewith they keep 
 their bodies in health , and the offices and charges of the Prefidents 
 of the Veflels: thence you go to fee the denoted (tables of the King, 
 where are kept and managed whole heards of beautifull and va- 
 luable horfes , where fomc Princes are always to be found , behol- 
 ding with attention and delight,their fwif t courfe, their wheelings, 
 and turnings, made in as little room, and with as much art as is 
 polTible,their curvets andleapsof all four performed excellently at 
 the nod of the fwitch of the Rider. 
 
 Thence you go to the Caftle Santermo, on the top of the near 
 mountain, very ftrong,looking on and defending.the City , the Chore 
 Port and Iflands in the Sea: King Robert Son of charls the fecond 
 built it 250 yeers agoe, adding to it fuch ftrength and defences as 
 render it little leffe than inexpugnable, the Emperor Charls the firft 
 and Philip his Son fome years fince enlarged the Cuajie, con joyning 
 it with the City, and increafing the ftru&ures in the inward fpace 
 with new walls and new forts. 
 
 On the top of the Hill you meet a mod fair and rich Temple with 
 a ft ately Monaftery pofTefled by the Carthufians-^ In which Monafte- 
 ry if you can obtain fo much favour from the Monks (who loving- 
 ly receive forraigners and fhew their Mon afrerie ) you will meet an 
 ample fatisfaction in the view of the Monks chamber in a corner of 
 the Monaftery : where you have as great delight as Italy affords : 
 for on the right hand is prefented to your view, the profpecl: of the 
 Sea, as large as the eye can reach, the Iflands Enarea, Caprea y and Pre- 
 chite and oppoilte the manured places ofPattJilipo, the gulf ofsurre. 
 n?o 9 the ftr eight of Surrentano 9 fome Cities and many Burroughs.- 
 
 On 
 
 
Part HI. 
 
 NAPLES. 
 
 267 
 
 On the left hand the Field Holana, very large, and the mountain 
 VefuviHs as highjthen looking downwards ,you behold N^/e^vvh'ch 
 whither to be ftyled the miracle of art or nature is difpurab!e,iaice 
 there you may fee, have and enjoy,what ever is efteemed plealing or 
 fweet. 
 
 In the voyage fee the garden cfGacia di 7o!cda } kept in as good or- ; 
 der as any, twas made with vaft expence, and with as many ' 
 curfes} (being with the fweat and blood of enforced galley Oaves , 
 reduced to that perfection it now retains ) in the time that h»s Fa- 
 ther Tietro di Toledo , continued Lord of the City and King- 
 dom j under the benevolent afped of the Empeiour charks 
 the 5th. 
 
 Nor is it a meanpleafure, to view the places furrounding the 
 City worth the feeing, efpecially in a good feafon .the which are 
 in that fertile plain , neartheSeainpleafant fcites very pompous j 
 and adorned by the nobles with magnificent Edifices and fair gar- 
 dens, well kept, and enriched.- which have fuch plenty of Foun- 
 tains, grottoes made by art, and Fifhponds adorned with Curral, 
 mother of Perle, andFifh fhelsof all forts, as the beauty is almoft 
 itnpoflible tobegheffed at, asalfoof Porticues, walks, vaults co» 
 vered with Leaves and Flowers of divers forts, Rofes, pomegra- 
 nates, collumnes and Lodges beautifyed with pictures, ftatues.and 
 marbles of antiquity , and among thofe Lodges thofe of the Mar- 
 quesdivico, and the other Princes, placed ontheftrond near the 
 Vefuvius t are very famous : as alfo the Villa of Bernardino Martizano 
 adorned with many relique s of of antiquity; Poggio Reale t a vaft Pa- 
 lace , built heretofore by Ferdinand King of Arragonia^ whither the 
 King ufed to retreat, when he defired to repofe himfelf , and to re- 
 create his minde from the fortunes of the Sea, inablithandfecure 
 port. This Palace is contrived in this manner , four fquare Tow- 
 ers, upon four corners, are bound together by great Porticues, fo 
 that the Palace hath twobredths in a lengtbj each Tower hath fair 
 and pleafant Chambers aboue and below , and you pafTe from one 
 to the other by the means of thofe open galleries 5 the Court in the 
 midft is afcended by certain little fteps , and therein a fountain and 
 clear fifh pond, and on all fides by the nod of the Matter, from the 
 pavements rife fprouts of water, by meanes of infinite fubtile Cha- 
 nels there placed with art, and in fuch plenty that they fuddenly 
 wet all the afpicients not thinking of it, in the fummer a fufficient 
 cooling: thefe Fields by the vicinity of the fejuvius enjoy great 
 plenty of fweet waters, the Fire within forcing out many 
 fountains of fweet waters purged and pure: hence alfo the Sebeto 
 acknowledgeth its being and the greatnefle of its Chanel being con- 
 veighed into all the ftreets of Naples bypipes under ground,to all the 
 fublique and private palaces and habitations: fo great comodity 
 of all things brings to its inhabitants,the Paradife of Italy (as corona 
 Pighio frequently and not improperly calls her) that flourifhing part 
 of the Neapolitan territory, although many times afflicted with wars 
 and earthquakes. 
 
 Yyy 2 
 
 ll 
 
 
TheHiftory of IT ALT, PartlUJ 
 
 1L MONTE VESWIO. 
 
 VEfevo, or Vefuvio , or Pejuvw, (fo called by the Antients from 
 the fparkling)was a moft fair mountain; and formerly a good' 
 lyCountreyfor about four miles compafle lay at top, which then 
 produced the excellent Cr£co , but tis now layed waft .' Tis an i 
 mitator, and companion or rather the Brother of flaming uStaa&nd 
 is begotten by earthquakes and fire, the materials whereof it conti- 
 nually retains in the profoundeftpart of it.- which as if withheld 
 within it felf for fome yeers till come to maturity, and as if the fpi- 
 rits were fummoned and fomented,with fury evaporates fire,breaks 
 open the firm parts of the Mountain , and vomits forth its inward 
 parts, as earth, ftones, flames, finoke and afhes, throwing them 
 upintorheair with horrid noife, and with fuch force, thatthe^e. 
 fuviofeems to imitate the war of theGyants, by fighting againftjk- 
 piter, and the Gods with flames,arms, and huge ftones,(fome where- 
 of four porters can fcarce move)and leeming to draw the Sun down 
 totheearth, to changethe day into night , and laftly to cover the 
 very heavens. Experience and the teftimony of Strabo, Vitrwvius and 
 other antient Authors allures us, that under Vefuvio , aud the adja- 
 cent Maritimate Mountains,and of the neighbouring Iflands,are vaft 
 burning fires , of fulphur,pitch,and allume.-the hot bathes mdfoiphu 
 reoHsboyling fountains fufficiently prove it:and therefore therefuvi- 
 (j,when abounding with fire,fometimes afends & fometknes ufeth to 
 move earthquakes and vaft ruins and deftruttions. That incendium 
 was the greateft and moft famous which happened under the Em- 
 peror Titus Vefpafianus : defcribed in a print by Dion Coffins, and 
 other Authors, the afhes of which fire, were not only exported to 
 Rome by the wind,but over the Seas into Affrickjuxxdi into Mgypt--, the 
 Fifh in the boyling Sea were drefled,the birds were fuffocated in the 
 air, and the famous and moft antient adjacent Cities stabia t Hercule- 
 ano 9 andPontpeo, were heaped and covered over with alncs and 
 ftonesj, while the people were fitting in the Theatre: and C. 
 Plinius the famous Naturalift, who then governed and commanded 
 the Armada of AJifems , too inquifitive after the caufe of this inte 
 ftine fire,approached too near,and by the heat and favour received 
 his end,by being fuffocated near the Porto Herculiano : Francefoo Pe- 
 trarca noting this acutely ( in his triumph of Fame ) faies he wrote 
 much but dyed little difcreetly, 
 
 Mentr'io moriya, Jubito hebbefcorto 
 
 guelplinio Veronefefuo Vicino 
 
 A fcriver molto, a morirpoco accorto. 
 
 Yet for all,that to Pliny fucceeded fo fearf ull his dalliance, Stepha- 
 na Pighino, himfelf not thereby fore warned,could not forbear , but 
 took a voyage (0130. yeers oldj in order to his ftudies, into Italy 
 through Catttpaniaand Napletjto the end he might fearch out,and be- 
 hold the place of fuch wonders, although very high, andnelefie 
 
 difficult 
 
5?arfIII. 
 
 NAPLES. 
 
 26p 
 
 difficult to afcend which coft him an entire dayes labour, and with 
 his two companions, hemarched round the mountain , reaching 
 the very top.' where he could fcarce fatiate his view, in looking on 
 thebourg,the Gountrey round abour, the Illands and the Sea: Veju- 
 tfio, rifeth in the midft of a moft fertile Gountrey^the afties fcatte- 
 redoverit, the ftones and clods of earth burnt by the fire, and dif- 
 folved by the rain afterward , infinitely enrich and fru&ifie ail the 
 countrey; in fuch fort that the vulgar to purpofeenough,call Caw- i 
 pagna 9 the mountain and the Gaftle built at the footjof the mountain, j 
 sommano from Somma , the fum and wonderfull abundance of gene- 
 rous wines, and excellent fruit, the Vejevo i as well as the Caw I 
 pagna, and neighbouring hills 3 being iurrounded with fair vine- 
 yards. 
 
 So alfo Martial fung, that in his time it wasgreen,with thefprouts 
 of the vines,bewailingin his firft book with a fair epigram that fierce 
 fire, happening in Vejpafians dayes: the top in all times and ages hath 
 been ever held barren through the burned ftones, as if eaten up by 
 flames. Tis hideous to behold the deep cracks in the earth through 
 which the ftreams of fulphur pafs, but when arrived at top the Vo- 
 rago reprefents hell, fo terrifying is the fpectacle j Tis a hole about 
 three miles compafs and round, as if formed like the middle and 
 lower part of an Amphitheatre , tis called Lazza from the form of 
 the Rock Fifh , the bottom of it reaches to the bowels of the Earth, 
 The place is cold now , nor feems it to emit the leaft heat or fmoak 
 which the faid Pighius teftifics, who defcendedasfar into that pro- 
 fundity as the the precipices and obfeurity of the place wou/d per- 
 mit} the firft entrance of the t / orago t is fertile through the earth 
 and alhes caft on it, and growes green through the firre and other 
 great trees growing init,as far as the Sun can reflect into it, or the 
 rains penetrate} but the parts under,reftrained to a narrow compafs 
 are as t were ftopped by the great pieces of ftone and ro cks,and arms 
 and bodies of trees fallen down: which obftrucrions, when the 
 inward Materials of fire abound, like little bundles of ftraw are 
 cafily raifed and mounted to theskyes, by the invincible force of 
 its fmoakeor flames. 
 
 The fire alfo is known to openitfelfa way, not only by the ordi- 
 nary mouth, but on other fides alfo, as occafion offers \ whereof 
 we have a memorial in the Italian Annales .• To wit that two hun- 
 dred fixty and fix yeers fince,in the Pontificacy of BenedtU the 9th. 
 from one fide of the Mountain gufhed out a ftream or river of flames 
 which ran into the Sea , in a liquid fire like water .• the iilue and 
 fbotfteps of which Cavern tis faid appear yet : The Roman Hifto- 
 ry tells us that befides the mouth, it had other iflues and courfes for 
 the flames of old: forinftance, it faies that Spartacus the f word- 
 player having begun to raife the war of the F«g/m>ejagatnft the Ro* 
 man fin Campania^ and having poflefled the mountain Vefuviutxv'ith 
 his army, as a ftrong fortrefs and fure retreat for war, and being 
 there afterwards befieged, he efcaped from the Roman fiege by an 
 admirable way.* for that covertly faftning chains at the mouth 
 of the Mountain, he with his companions let themfelves down to 
 the bottom : (as L. Flows briefly relates in his third book of the Ro- 
 *w«»hiftory ) whence ifluing forth by an obfeure breach, he at una- 
 
 Zzz wares ' 
 
TiieHiftoryof IT ALT, Part III. 
 
 wares put tol,<ckthe quarters or theCaptain cledi*s 9 and of. the 
 reft who were at the fiege.- who never conceived the leaft thought 
 oik. 
 
 Whither at this day any fubterranean waye$ or caverns , leading 
 from the Vineyards to the mouth of the Mountain, are found out* 
 I cannot tell, pigbins afiuredly tells us, that he obferved at the top 
 of the mountain about the mouth, certain vents, whence procee- 
 ded a continual heat .* wherein putting his hand, he peiceived clear- 
 lya heat although frnall and without lmoke or vapour: but our 
 Country man Raymond obferved in his view there, a certain hill ri- 
 ling in the midtt of the Vorago^ that ftill vomits thick fmoke,which 
 he faies the fire within hath railed within few years , that it dayly 
 encreafeth, and when grown to a fuller bulk, Caveat Neapo'.is. Thus 
 much touching the Vejuvim. 
 
 Between the mountain Vefuviut and Attella , in the AJediterrane, 
 arefcituite, A/erel.ano, Acerra, and Sejfola, at prefent ruinated, of 
 old polfeifed by the Caxips of the Liborini, whc?e the Romans and 
 the Samnity fought moft fiercely: hither reach thofe mountains of 
 Capua , called by the Ancients Tifata, and thofe that extended to- 
 wards the jl/0/e Northwards* here is ForcheCaudino i and other Ga- 
 ftles with maoy inhabited places, among which the chief is the 
 Caftle of Aciola: at the foot of thefe mountains lies Caferta the Gity 
 and Country of the great Cardinal Santorino , called SantA Severina : 
 near which lye Maddalone i Ora%ano and Argentino ; Behind Tifata on 
 the back of the Mountain is fcituate^rw , flowing with waters by 
 means of the River Sarno , which there takes its rife .- thefe are 
 mediterranean places about Naples and Campana , whence you go to 
 the Marca. 
 
 TheKmgdom,wher«ofN4p/w is the Metropolis, comenceth from 
 Latihtft that part where the River Vfente runs into the Terreno 5 Then 
 towards the Adenines it pafleth to Terracina, thence to Frigella , or 
 FoKteatrvo 3 Leper ano^ Rieti t Tagliacozze a Ducal City, and Matrice t 
 where Trent begins itsfource, 
 
 Then follow the way along the River for eighteen miles to Co- 
 Ionia degli Afcolani , where the River difebargeth it felf into the A- 
 driatiQkjSea : that part of the Kingdom? oppofite to the Promontory 
 called of old Leucoperta, now Capo DeWarmi, refpe&ing Sicilia, is di- 
 ftant from Poggiofotty eight Jiadii^ach of which contains 1 25 paces; 
 whofe head is called Tarlo: Tis 418 miles of way to go by Tertacina, 
 EoJfentOy and Reggio towards Naples. This Kingdom of Naples is one 
 thoufand four hundred and fixty eight mile in circuit : whereto 
 fome have affigned ren provinces^ others nine,others feavenand we 
 thirteen. 
 
 The Terra di L avoro 9 taking in Naples , hath three Arch-Bifhops, 
 twenty five Bifhopricks , one hundred fixty fix Cafties ftwrcunded 
 with walls , and one hundred and fixty Towns : the Principality 
 namedr.- qua on this fide hath twelve Gities,two hundred and eigh. 
 teen Cafties; the Principality Di la beyond,eleaven Cities, one hun- 
 dred forty and one Cafties, the faireft among which is Confa. LaBa~ 
 filicata 9 hath ten Cities,ninety three Gaftles,the faireft Vcmfa.LaC* 
 labria di qua , hath ten Cities , one hundred fixty two Towers and 
 Villages. LaCalabrUdila, : icte'mis Regg <?,hath fixtecn Cities and' 
 
Part 111. 
 
 NAPLES. 
 
 onehundrd and thirty Caftles. The Province of Otranto hath be* 
 fidcsBrindeft, thirteen other Cities, and one hundred fifty eight 
 Caftles or Towps. The Province deBari hath fourteen Cities and 
 fifty Caftles. LaCapitaota, thirteen Cities and fifty Towns, whereof 
 the moft notable is Manfredonia : The Countrey of Moli^eo, four Ci^ 
 ties, one hundred and four Caitlesj the faireft Trivexto. L'abruzzo 
 diqaa hath five Cities, one hundred and fifty Caftles, the cheif Te<*. 
 ie. L'Abrttzzodi /<i,befides Aqwla , hath four other Cities and two 
 hundred eighty four Caftles: but with more brevity tofpeakof 
 them, this Kingdom, hath twenty Arch- Bifhopricks, one hundred 
 twenty & fiveBifhopri£ks } ten Principalitys,twcnty three Dutchie% 
 thirty Marquifates , fifty four Earldomes with authority over their 
 fubje&s, fifteen Lords who have jurifdiction, four hundred forty 
 three petty Lords with title and authority, a thoufand Towns en- 
 clofed with walls, and villages in great number. The moft famous 
 Iflands of this Kingdom are Enaria, Trocida-, Lipari: and thirteen o- 
 thers of fmall fame. 
 
 The Offices of this Kingdom are great Ccmeftable, who is Vice- 
 roy. Grand Jufticiary,Crand Admiral, Grand Chamberlain,Grand 
 Prothonotariy, Grand Marefchal , Grand Chancellor .• asalfouhe 
 Sindico or Judge, who publiquely periorms bis office, inattending 
 thebufineisoftheCity Naples : which hath five kindes of aflembly 
 of the Nobles .* di Nido, di Torta Nova, di Capuana , di Montagna , di 
 Porto , which congregations or afiemblies , although under other 
 denominations, the City Capua likewife enjoyes 
 
 Many Cities moft antientand adorned with fignal conditions have 
 been in this Kingdom , whofe memory is yet in being 3 except 
 Ofea, Metaponto, Sibari, and others hereafter fpokenof. 
 
 The Fofter Children of this Kingdome , truly famous in Letters 
 were Archita , Eurito, Alemeone, Zenotie, Leucippus, Varmenides> Ti- 
 mens, Ennius, Lttcillus , Tocuvins, Hor alius ^ Ovidius , Statin, Jttve- 
 nal, salujlius , Cicero, and San ihomafus , befides others more mo- 
 dern 
 
 I wil be filent of fuch fommi Vontifici , or Popes , the Emperors, 
 Kings, the valorous Captains of war, and the thou fan ds of Pre- 
 lates, Princes andHeroes, as likewife of the male and female 5 ■, mts t 
 (who perpetually contemplate the Countenance of God,) as this 
 Kingdom hath happily given birth to , 
 
 Thefe following have been Lords of the Kingdom of Naples ,to wit, 
 the Greeks, the Goths, the Vandals, the Longobards, Sarazent, the 
 Turk*, th&Hortneni, theS*#/j, the Ftent4% the Catalon^ms the Arra- 
 gonians,thc Elemmings or Spdm.irdr , and fomet ime,the not to be for- 
 gotten Romans. 
 
 Zzz 3 
 
The Hitfory of IT ALT, Part III, 
 
 The Journey towards FOZZVOLO. 
 
 T-He Mountain paujilippus } though very high is well manured 
 with vineyards, arid rich "Pownes alfo in old tiaie as wecol- 
 ledt from Vliny and others 5 it extends into the Sea in form of a Pro- 
 montory , and fhuts up the way between Naples and PozzhoIo , and 
 was an intolerable toyle to the Travellers to pafs over or go round 
 k; before twas cut in two, tis now by the induftry of the paflengers, 
 through their hollowing it for the head, and levelling it for the feet 
 becotae the miftrefs of waies, being ftrait,plainand eafy: there- 
 fore the Grecians to the purpofc; by a word in their tongue called it 
 Taufilippo, as if they would fay a remover of troubles and labour .- 
 by which furname the Grecians of old called Jupiter, as we read in 
 Sophocles. The mountain is hollowed within for one thoufand paces 
 in length, twelve foot wide ,and as much more in heighth,on which 
 as strabo writes two Carts may commodioufly meet and pafs under 
 earth: Seneca calls the cavern crip ta Neapolitana: though now the 
 name is changed for Grotta 3 where he writes to Lvcullus in the 58. 
 epiftle,to have run the whole fortune of the Atlefi, for rfaa t he found 
 copioufly in a part of the muddy way,i mplaiftrings, and in the fame 
 cavern, abundance of the duft oirozzmlo .-we alfo have proved and 
 tryed that duft,as others did . for we find that troops in the paffage 
 byfootorhorfe raifethe duft, and that at our iiluingoutof that 
 obfeurity we were all yellow , and looking and laughing at one a- 
 nother we much wondered at it, finding a more then defirable in- 
 convenience, in cleanfing our felves of that filth. Thecaufeof 
 which duft is eafily, known to proceed f rom the exclufion of the 
 wind and rain,fo that theraifed duft(as Seneca faies) having no Vent 
 falls down onitfelf, oron thofethatraifeit.- whence wecollecr 
 that in the time of Nero this cavern had no Cafements or breathings 
 whereby it might receive air or light, more then at the entrance 
 and end , becaufe Stneca calls it a long and obfeure prifon, where 
 nothing is to be feen but darknefc.YetCcmeliusStrabo teftifies,by the 
 riving or chops of the Mountain in divers places , that many win- 
 dows gave it light, which being clofed or earthed up,either through 
 the earthquakes or the carelefnefs of the times , we may rationally 
 imagine, rendredthis longcavernfodarkfom. TietroRaJfanozSki 
 Han Bifhop of Lucerie writes ,that in his time, which we may count 
 to be above 2 50. yeers fince , this cavern was found without any 
 holes, and without light,and that the entrance and the out-patTage 
 were fo filled up with ruines and bufhes , thaMw'as terrible to 
 enter without light : and that therefore the King of the Arragoni- 
 ans Alfonfus the firft , having reduced this Province, enlarged and 
 levelled the way and the entrance of the Caverne, and clofingthe 
 top of the Cavern opened two lights,which obliquely enlighten it, 
 whofe reflection at a diftance feems to the afpicients , fnow fcatte- 
 red on the earth.- in the midft of this darkfome way is 
 a little facred place cut in the walls of the mountain, where night 
 and day a lamp perpetually burns, which puts the travellers in re- 
 mem- 
 
Part 111. 
 
 NAPLES. 
 
 *n 
 
 ! membrance of the eternal light , and (hews in a painted tablet our 
 ialvation, proceeding from the virgin Mother Mary : a Lampe per» 
 i petually burns there,and the words at the Incounter areAllaMaiina i 
 Alia Montague, 
 
 In our times D: Tictro di Toledo , magnificently reftored and ag- ! 
 grand ized this work fo worthy of eternity, being then gover- 1 
 nor of Naples Kingdom by the favour of. the Emperor Charts the j 
 filth: the way is now become fort rait, thV it feems to fuch as en- 
 ter the cavern, a Star, to which theyoughtto direct their courfe 
 in thedarknels, by means whereof,with what pleafurethey behold 
 all fuch as enter on foot or horsback at the other end, who teem like 
 Pigmies at that di(^ance,is fcarce imaginable. Diver> are the opmi- 
 onsot the learned touching the time and beginning of this great 
 work worthy of the mind otSerje: omitting the idle prating of the 
 vulgar who attribute ir to the magick incantations ot the PoetFirgil, 
 whofealhes by the opinion of many ly at the mouth oftheCavernror 
 of others who make one Bajjb the aurhor,of whom there is no record 
 among the antitnts: webeieive we may draw from Strabo^ Eforus , 
 Homerus and other greek writers, that the Cimmenj a moftannentc 
 people dwelt in that Canton of Campania^ between Baio } Lucerno, 
 and Avertto, and that they lay in denns At\dfubterranean Caves, and 
 that running the one to the o her they dug out metals, and hollow- 
 ed mountains, and in profound Caverns exercifed ("by means ol 
 their Prieffs, ) Negromancy and inchannnenti , conducting tra- 
 vellers, arid pilgrims to the oracles of the infernal gods .* which 
 people being deftroyed, the Greeks, who fucceeded them and built 
 Cfintamd Naples , accommodated as molt fuppofe thofe Caves of the 
 Cintmerii into hot bat hs, and baths , ways and other conveniences 
 forhumaneufe. Solikewife theRomans, after the example of the 
 Grecians , being chif fly enclined to great and magnificent imprefes 
 encreafed thefe laborious under ground fti uctures , and at the time 
 when they became the Lords of the world, they there err died rJicir 
 Palaces of Recreation, and Mannor houfes Iittleinferiour to Caftles 
 when the rare quality of the duff of FozzhoIo was difcovered C ex- 
 tracted from thofe mountains) to be very *:fficac ous for binding, 
 building,and ertabliihing foundations of Edifices in I he waters.Stra- 
 ^affirms that in his time M. Agr.ppa under Augujhs, cut ring up the 
 wood on the mountain Avernus 3 which corrupted the air, among 
 the oth«°r antique & magnificent, things found out a jhbterranean ca- 
 vern hollowed even toe »w</,the which as was con jecrurtd,togeih?r 
 with another between Naple' and Pozzuolo, was made by omtotceiot, 
 and that in his time the cuftomof the Counrrey was to make fuch 
 underground waies and Caverns : from whofe words we collect , 
 that for a long time btforeSfr^, the Cocceian family were goi toge* 
 therin Campania, and that the place was called >pelonca. though for 
 truth we cannot fet down any thing of ceitrin of him that firff 
 made it: nor is it probable to me , \\\nsirjbocG\i\A be ignorant of 
 the deeds ofL. Lucullus , the which in thofe places were very great I 
 and of exceffive expence, from which hew3s called Scrje'iogato^ 
 by Pompeius Magnus , by luberone , by Cicero, and the ot, her princi- j 
 pal men of Rome: wherefore their fence plcaf^th me, who impofei 
 on him the concavating the Paufdipus for the conveniencyof htsj 
 
 Aaaa Villtf 
 
*74- 
 
 The Hittory of IT ALT, Part ill 
 
 Villa : becaufe tis written by Marcut Varro^Fliny^ and others , that L. 
 Lucullus cut a mountain in the midft oi Naples 3 with greater colt, 
 then he expended in building his Manor houfe .* for to what end 
 fhouldhe? not to level and accomodate the way for paiTengers : 
 but rather to open a g'ulfe of the Sea whereby at his pleafure to ad- 
 mit and let in Sea water to his Filhponds thatfo the caves or the 
 mountain might be a good receipt for his Fifh(which he kept alive J 
 to lyein as well in Winter as Summer. 
 
 At the outgoing of this Cavern,you perceive by little & little the 
 odour of brimfrone in the air, which here 3nd there proceeds out of 
 divers vault?. By it lies the Lake Aniano, in finiilitude of an Am- 
 phitheatre (urrounded and (hut in on ail fides by the Mountains , 
 and through a mouth of a hill cut with iron great plenty of Sea wa 
 ter, and great concaves, made pon<!s for Fifb, at prefent filled 
 with mud, fuul, and mines of fitu&ures: Leandro and others 
 write from the relation of the peafants there, that in the midft of 
 the Lake there is no mud.- and that in the fpring time, withgreat 
 noyfc &fury ftll down from the higheft piascipices of the rocks there 
 {■#ound into thtfe watersKnots of Serpems knit and bound together, 
 which are never feen again to get out. 
 Near them are the fweatingRooms o(Gerw<wus vaulted.-from under 
 which, through the fuperficies rife vapours fo hot, that who enters 
 though naked, (hall foon perceive a mighty l'weat trickle down his 
 body. 
 
 Wherefore thofe places are held of exceeding validity to fuchas 
 fuffer under the gout by purging the bad and malevolent humours, 
 they heal internal wounds, andarehelpfull for many infirmities of 
 thebody: which if any defire ampler fatisfacfion in , hemayread 
 the Traft of Gio Fraxcejco Lombardo ,who gives an account of all fuch 
 as have writ in verle or prole of the baths and wonders of Pozzuolo 
 but we are obliged to too much haft, to^elate with care and ampli 
 tudeall particulars wee meet with. 
 
 In the Catnpjgmx of Tozznoh^ h'aia y Cw/a^nd the near Ifimd Em- 
 rie, bytheold Greeks called Tythecm , are found great quantity of 
 the like Miracles, that it might be well beleived that there na- 
 ture ferves Apollo perpetually,and MfcuUpius^ Higia^ and the Nymphs: 
 although the earthquakes,and the volleys of fire which frequently 
 happen, demonftratc fufficiently that in divers places, that as well 
 under the foundation of- the Sea, as underthe Mountains, and in 
 the loweft partsof the Earth great fires are kindled, whofe boyling 
 vapours and flames working their own way through the veins of 
 Allum, fulphure, pitch and other materials, eaufe to ri'e in divers 
 places hot and boyling fountains, and create baths in the Caverns 
 comodious for fweating. Yet the nature and faculty of thefe things 
 are different, being conformed to the propriety of the materials and 
 the earth whence the fource proceeds: fo that among the medicinal 
 and healthfull faculty of thefe waters, we find fome waters and 
 vapours mortal, which ilTue out of fome muddy earth, evil in it 
 felf. Pliny in the fecond of his natural H iff ories writes, thatin 
 Italy, and particularly in the Cawpagna of SiKveJfii^ndrozzmlo^uxe 
 vents or breathings, fo evil, that they evaporate a mortal! 
 air. 
 
 At 
 
iPartlll. 
 
 NAPLES. 
 
 *77 
 
 At the foot of the mountain which circles the Lak Anianus, not 
 far from the faid waters appears a Cave called Croita cli 
 Cave, eight or nine paces in circuit, by which mouth two or 
 more men may commodioufly enter together : where from 
 the inmoft part of the (tone, from its invisible pores pro- 
 ceed hot fpirits, but fo fahtile and dry, that they carry rot with 
 themanyiimilitudeof fmoke or vapour, although they ccndenle 
 the air-driven thither by the wind and the colds of the Cavern with 
 great heat, and change them into water , as the drops demonflrate 
 which hang at the entrance of the Cave, fhininglikelittle flairs, 
 when they are beheld at the opening of the Cave,by thofe without 
 in the light: they have been often taken for drops of quickfilver. 
 All men generally believe thisGrotta to have fuch an innate proper« 
 tythat if any living thing fhould pafs the prefixed term of a cer- 
 tain ditch in the entrance, it would without doubt fudden- 
 ly tall upon the earth, and xvould be wholly deprived of life,if not 
 immediately drawn out, and caft into the near (landing waters or 
 pool, called Agnano, by whofecoldnefsonly in a fhort time by lit- 
 tle and little it recovers Life. Whereof Travellers dayly make ex- 
 periments, if curious to know the wonders of nature, by carting 
 incocksor dogs or fome other live creature to which they foften a 
 rope to draw them up by. Leandro Alberto writes that Charls the 
 eighth King of France, when a hundred and 14. yeers fince he drove 
 out the Spanifh and for fome time Lorded over Naples , csufedan 
 Afle to be driven in , who fuddenly whirled about and dyed. 
 Another who two hundred yeers fince wrote of thefe baths, re- 
 lates, that a foot hardy rafh Souldier, run in armed and dyed nvfe- 
 rably : Corona Tighio writes ,that in the prefence of Charls Prince of 
 clcves y the Spanifh Captains caft two cheerf ull dogs by force into the 
 Groita.who ft rove all poffible to avoid it,as if they had formerly ex- 
 perimented the dange^the which being taken out dead,by means of 
 the refrefhing waters in the aforenamed Lake were reftored to life : 
 one of which being again caft into the cave,and being thence drawn 
 & caft into the Lakc,returning no? thereby to Life ,was left tor dead 
 on the bank, who not long alter as waking from a profound fleep 
 railing him felf, and limping and daggering, fofoonas pcfiibleran 
 away, every one that fsw it fmiled,andr/wr/j- praifed the dog, that 
 hewouldnot for that time hecomea victimetothebcaresj after 
 thistryal they caft a brands end lighted into the Grotta, beyond the 
 prefixed fign, which come to the bottom feemed to extingui(h,and 
 raifed up a little higher, to rekindle: which demonftrated that the 
 fpirits proceeding from the fuperficies, as more hot and dry in 
 the bottom, confumed the more fubtil nutriment of the flame, but 
 having lefie vigour at more diftance from the foundation, they 
 rather rekindle the hot and grofs fmoke and flames of the brands- 
 end .• as we fee the flame of a lighted candle will pafs. to another 
 newly put out, by means of the ftroke^aBd the beams of theSun 
 when united by aburningglafs, are very vigorous and will (ct tew 
 o.r flax on fire if approached too near, riehfas through his exceed- 
 ing love to ftudy,travialing over Italy, and having an extream defire 
 to inquire into the nature of all things by which he might acquire 
 knowledge, wondringat the reports of th* miracles of rozzmlo, 
 
 Aaaa 2 refol- 
 
1 he Hiflory oilTALT, Part III. 
 
 lelolved tolearchout tnecaufcby a nearer icrutiny then had been 
 made by others. 
 
 He could not beletve that thofe drops that hung fo refplendentat 
 cheendottheCavcrne, were quick- filv^r.' wherefore being coun- 
 feiled by a certain juvenile and youthful I audacity, he palled the 
 propofed meafureiu the Cavern} having enclined his body a little 
 and getting fomewhat nearer, he round they were drops of clear 
 watrr, and taking them on his ringer from the (harp pendent of 
 the rock, he deinonftrated the truth to his companions, requi- 
 ring them either to beleiveor enterandmake proof. 
 
 Which alfo happened: for that Antonio Anijielo, and Arnoldio 
 NiveM/o, two HolandeJi i noble youths and companions in the jour- 
 ney with rigbius t got near. - who when he had tor fotne time itood 
 in the Cave, and perceived the heat, howitafcended from his leet 
 to his leggs and knees , yet underwent no other then agiddinefs 
 and pain in his head •-, and fwcat only on. the forehead and the tem- 
 ples through the heat of the place : he learnt by experience that 
 that heat , and thofe nocive vapours are not lufty and violent,but 
 when near their rife 5 and there they kill fmall animals or great,but 
 chiefly the fcur footed , becaufe they alwayes go with their head 
 downwards, whereby being neceffitated to draw in with their 
 breath thofe. hot and boyling vapours, theirvital fpirits become 
 fuddenly fuffocated with too much heat : the which alfo 
 areas fuddenly releived by the imediaterefrelhment of the waters 
 in the Lake, if the animal be forthwith caft therein when drawn 
 out of the Cavern. Whilft righius was performing this , an Italian 
 who guarded fome herds wondred ft rangely at his temerity , and 
 remained aftonifht at the fuccefs, many times demanding if he did 
 it not by the magick art, nor would he be perfwaded that righius 
 could avoydthe nociveneffc of that Grotta, otherwife then by en- 
 chantment or witchcraft* which made him mock at the plebeian 
 fimplicity, laughing at thevulgar,who for the moft part attribute 
 that to the Magick art, which appears wondetfull, and produceth 
 ftupendiousetiecTs, from their incapacity to comprehend thecaufe.' 
 but to return to our voyage. 
 
 From the Bucca Ccronea i we are brought to Zolfcttara, as at prefent 
 they call thofe places whi ch were of old celebrated with the inven- 
 tion of various fables of old Pcets for thefe wonders of nature: 
 who fingthatthe Cyanrsburyed under this mountain, even from 
 hell caft forth of their throats,Flames a t that time when earthquakes 
 happen. 
 
 Et montes i Jcopulos ) terrafque inverter e dorfo 3 
 
 Thefe Mountains are full of Sulphure, Allum, and Vitriol, the 
 chief whereof asStrabo writes, ftoodpendenraj^a few p?ces di- 
 ftance from the Colonna otrozzuolo now d iftant from the caftle Now, 
 about a mile .- from the form of which place , tis guefled , that the 
 top of this Mountain was at laft confumedand emitted into the 
 profundity of the near valley by the continual fires, whence that 
 which of old was a high and eminent top or head, is now a great 
 ditch in the plain of a valley and that which was of old the ribs and 
 
 ■__ Hanks 
 
iPart III. 
 
 ■■ 
 
 NAPLES. 
 
 I flanks of a mountain , are now the upper* part of fhelfs and rocks , 
 which furround the plain, with a certain fenqe in length about a 
 jthoufand and fifty foot, in bredth about a thoufand toot.- rliny 
 \ writes that they were nominated from their whitenefs Lencogei^nd 
 the plain or Level,C ampagna. Thkgeru 3 from the flUme and fire there 
 ever extant : which Siltui the Italian confirms. 
 
 Cornelius strabo calls this place the Piazza and (hop of lukan^ where 
 Hkewife fome fable, theGyantsto be overcome by Hercules: here 
 the Mountains feem continually to burn at their roots : for that on 
 all fides they emit fmokes by many mouths which fmellof fulphure 
 which fmokes are blowen by the wind all over the neighbouring 
 Gountrey, and fometimes to Naples- Antiently thefe Hills ,as we 
 draw from Dion Cajfm and Strabo emitted greater fires, as alfo thofe 
 
 I about the L ucrino ^ and Avemo, which are not a few, burnt and e- 
 mitted like furnaces grofs fmokes and flames. Now the plain as alfo 
 I the hill rhlegrei are deprived of their perpetual flames andare caver- 
 nous in many places and become yellowifh, as from theraateriall 
 andcolourof fulphure: theearth when fpurned by the foot, re- 
 founds like a drum, through its concavity underneath , where you 
 may hear ( with wonder) under your feet boyling waters, grofle 
 and inflamed fmokes to make a horrid noife, ana run too and fro 
 through the fubterranean Caverns, which the force of the exhala- 
 tion hath made, which how great you may thence guefle^ flop any 
 of thofe mouths or holes , with a good great ffone, and you fhall 
 fuddenly and with violence fee it amoved by the flrengthof the 
 fmoke. Here they compofe medicinable pots of brim- 
 ftone. 
 
 In the fame plain or level lies alfo a great marifh filled alwaies 
 with a black fcalding hot water ; which fometimes ufeth to change 
 place, and the waters making themfelves hard ( as tryed fewit ufeth 
 being cold to bind it felf to the fides of the VeiTcl tis melted inj do 
 thereby and with the force of the exhalation increafe ordiminifh. 
 When I was there it boyled with great noife and fmoke, as if it had 
 beena huge chauldron filled with blackifhmud, and therefore ex- 
 ceeded not then its bounds and limits : but I remember, that at my 
 view thereof , this Vorago mounted and caff up of afudden like a 
 Tjramides , eight orninefoot high,fbeyond thecommon fhtureof 
 man,) that thick water yellow and of thecolourof fulphure/which 
 alfo the people of Tozzuolo affirm, adding that fometimes twill rife ! 
 from fixteen to twenty four feet. 
 
 When the Sea is in a ftorm, this water is of various colours j 
 though for the moft part like fulphure, and fometimes o; her ; accor - 
 dingas the fubterranean winds are difturbed by thefea blafrs, and 
 being invigoured among the flames , with all poffible force expels 
 fome of the earth mixed with divers colours from the deepeft veins. 
 Thefe very winds , when moft quiet under ground, the top of the 
 Fens or moors being only difturbed, caufe a grofs thick water, co-| 
 loured with black to.be caft out. Thefe things of fuch occult na- 
 ture, do certaittly afford ufefull and welcome matter for conftdera- 
 tion and ftudy to fuch as love to fearch thereinto ■■> which Cicero ve- 
 ry pertinently terms, the natural food ofthe mind. And hence we 
 certainly know, that the globe of the earth is not in every partfo- 
 
 Bbbb lid, 
 
 277 
 
278 
 
 The Hiftory ollTALT, Part ill. 
 
 lid, andmafly, but in fome places hollow, cavernous, and full ot 
 vains and pores, like as is the living body of any animal.* and that 
 with the continual motion or theimbodied elements, water and 
 air, it becomes penetrated , and is by the fame nourifhed,increafed 
 or dim inimed together with its feveral kinds and changes of plants, 
 and that the earth foops up vaft quantities of the Sea waters,difperft 
 on it by means of thole pores, the which being encountred by fome 
 fierce winds , occafion a motion of thofe waters in its inmoft part, 
 and in the ftraiteft palTagcs $ and the fame winds there fplit in Hin- 
 der among the rocks and ftones, grow violently hot, and kindle 
 vaft fires, the which con'uming whatever they meet, empty thein 
 ternal parts of theearth, and drawing to themfelves throngh thofe 
 pores the neighbouring winds, together with great fmokes 5 they 
 there augment beyond meafure, fearching out an egrefle, with 
 horrible noife and makings of the earth and mountains. 
 
 reilunt oppofttas moles , ac vincula rumpnnt. 
 
 As more at large Cornelius Severus a mod learned Poet hath decla- 
 red in his jEnea, and hence proceed the earthquakes, whirlpooles, 
 and openings of the earth, the forcing out of flames, the rivolets of 
 fire, boyling fountains , and hot vapours. Dion Cajjius writes that 
 in his time, the faid Mountains of Pozzuob, had more fountains 
 of running fire in the likenefs of water, that through the exceffive 
 heat the water took fire and burnt, and the fires with the mixture 
 of the waters acquired a fluxible corpulency, in fuch fort that 
 thefe contrary elements, did not feparate: and we find even in 
 our time that the flames and fulphure, conferve and nourifh them* 
 fel ves in thefe waters , and that they endure for fo many ages and 
 never confume,but alwayes continue and gufh out in the 
 fame conduits , the which Severus the Poet gracioufly fets down in 
 thefe vcrles. 
 
 Atque h&cipfa tamen jam quondam extinfta fuijfent, 
 Ni furtim aggemret/ecret is callibus humor 
 Materiamfilvamquefuam , prejfoque can alt 
 Hue illuc ageret ventos t & pafecret ignes. 
 
 So alfo he writes of the vhlegrean Fields and of the fame place be- 
 tween Naples and Cuma t whereof we now difcourfe, viz. 
 
 Ejus ab £terno pmguefcens uberefulfur 
 In nterces legitur. 
 
 As at prefent the King exhauffc a great toll from that brimftone , 
 and merchandize of allum. Wee obferve furthermore, thatthefe 
 fulphuriousor brimftone waters commixt with the laltnefsof the 
 Sea, and with the afhes of burnings, turn into ftone after they 
 have cooled themfelves by running a lhort courfec and that they 
 communicate the fame faculty to thofe rivers and brooks with 
 which they commix, whereof though a clear experiment cannot be 
 had, yet that innate quality in all the rivers of Italy, astheTrfor, 
 
 the 
 
Partlll, 
 
 NAPLES. 
 
 the levcrone, the Lake of Luca, in the Hera and others of veiting i 
 the fides or brims of the banks and the Conduits whereby they pals 
 a9 alio the conferves and receptions of their (landing pools, give' 
 lufficient proof. Befides tis as clear as the Sun, and dayly obferved 
 that their continued warning of wood,p!ants,arms,bodies and roots 
 of trees, the ftubbleof herbs, and the leaves by little & little are 
 covered with a kind of fcurf of ftone, and by revolving become 
 by chance formed like comfits of anileeds , fennel , cinamon 
 and almond s, and fo much refembling fuch,that with no great diffi* 
 culty lome more greedy then wary have been coufencd with them.* 
 and in truth what VHruvius^ Seneca % Dione , P//«y, and others have 
 writ of the wonders of Vefuvius and rozzttolo, feems beyond reafon-, 
 to wit that the waters receive that nature and particularity from 
 the tenuity of the afhes of the burned fulphurej which aflies the 
 fire having in part reduced as fmall as atomes, in part diflblved in- 
 to liquid moifture , and in part expelled by the vapours of the fub- 
 terranean fires through the veins of the earth and by fprings, we 
 obferve to be converted into that duft which the antients called 
 Pozzmlo from the place 5 and that they unite fofoon as they attain 
 the waters, and cooling with them , attain thejuft fubfianceof 
 ftone , and that the waters which run by thofe places mutually re- 
 ceive a certain nature of connexing to any thing, fo that they eafi- 
 ly cleave to the body they touch, and make it become 
 ftone, 
 
 And for wonders of this kind,fcarce can any be found like thofe 
 in the caves of the Adenines near the old chanel of the Amove by Vi- 
 co Varo t where the waters diftilling through the clefts and chinks in 
 the Rocks , in their fall by little and little form it felf like ftone, 
 in the likenefs of high Collumns in divers forms, branchy bodies 
 of trees, and monftrous bodies of Centaures and Gyants-, in which 
 Caverns or labyrinths of pure darknefs,with candles may be found 
 out objects which in one word, may worthily be faid to feed and fa- 
 tiate the mind of the curious fearcher into the fecrets of nature.- but 
 beware that the light be not extinguished by the frequent flappings 
 of the night bats,who thither retire as to a fecure retreat by millions 
 to avoid the light of the day. 
 
 Thus beholding the hills Lettcogei, and the various furges ofme- 
 dicinal fountains, of baths, hot baths, and the Cavernes , 
 you go to Pozzttolo, amids the great and fpa tibus ruines of the anti- 
 en t Colony. 
 
 pozzvolo. 
 
 THe Roman Empire flourifhing , that maritime trad of Campa- 
 nia, about Cunta s Mifena, and Pozzuolo i was in great reputati- 
 on for the temperature of the air, the pleafantnefs of the fcite, the 
 quantity of good waters, and the extream fertility of the fields,and 
 therefore replenished with great poffeffions of the Gentry 5 and 
 proudPalaces,of the principal men: And to fpeak truth.no othcrpart 
 of Italy nor of the Provinces, or the world,appears more proper for 
 ' Bbbb 2 the 
 
 zyp 
 
!8o The Hiflory of IT AL r^Part III, j 
 
 the conlumption of the Romans riches then that peice of Campania ; 
 lying betweeen caj<ua and Napier, and extending to Cuma , where \ 
 with good reafon the common faying was that Bacchus and Ceres \ 
 contended for fuperiority. the luxury and fenfuality of which ! 
 maritime plact s and Iilands , made the old Poets in their antient fa- 
 bles of delights callthefe the houle and habitation of the Syrenes : 
 And this caufedfome old Poets and them of nofmall efteem to aver j 
 thofe things which happened between VUJJesznA the Nymph Ca~ 
 fyfoi to have been acted in the Iflandot Pozzuole and not in Ogygia 
 a place of the 'lhebans,or in the Ifland of the Promontory c£Lacinio$ 
 which Goddefs by fome called the daughter of Atlas, by others of j 
 Oceanus and Tethys, was held a Nymph of the Sea, and reigned in the I 
 Ifle Ogygia, , receiving Vlyjjes when he efcaped drowning 3 and I 
 took cnis name from her adornments oi hoc y,and delights fhe liued 
 in : Homer calls her a Nymph very well adorned with fair riches: 
 And in truth who confiders the mores of Pozzuole, muft in truth 
 conclude that to his imagination 9 a more plealantdclightiull and 
 glorious place cannot be lound out than it, nor a Seat more inclined 
 by nature to receive and carrefs Travellers^ thence tis that the Po- 
 ets of old feign th.u Vljjje* there fixing and dwelling,recolle&ed his 
 many paft perrgrsnations and perils,and alfo in the ii\clthaca,\ffhere- 
 oiDion Cajfuts and hilojlrutui LemniusjatheLiitof Apollonius make 
 mention . And although at p;tfent the whole is filled with mines , 
 and every thing lies even with the earth, through too intolerable 
 fuffeiings by war and time, yet are the re ebjefts enow, which fuch 
 as will reapeany profit froai the curiofity of the antient arts and hi- 
 ftories, o.ugbt maturely and with grtat icduftry to confider. But 
 to begin, Pozzuole is a City fcitua,te on a hill in the midft of a fhore 
 of the Sea, which though very fair and large , cannot yet be at all 
 compared in any part with the riches and grandezzaof the ant i 
 ent Colony, as may be clearly extracted from the wayes pitched with 
 flint,and the foundations of publique edifices: whereof theSeahath 
 j'wallowed up one part,& earthquakes and wars the other. It was a 
 paqfl ^ntitnt Colony of the Grecians w ch . vhcs<r«iz conducted hither 
 in t he time oilarquin.us Superbus, in the fixty fecocd Olwtpiad^s the 
 Ghronologer Eufebius writes and Stephanur Fyfintius confirms.- which 
 happened about the time that the republique of the Samii was ty« 
 raniztd by the three Brothers , reiterates, Silus , and Tantagnofius. 
 At t hat - imealfo Pythagoras Samiur, flying from his own Countrey 
 in Jl<forava } zita'mea the potent City of Italy Crotone^here he JUyed 
 down a new Philosophy then called Italian, and by it acquired a 
 high efteem.-with whofeLaws thei/d//<*«Cities(being reformed from 
 the Gr<e cian,by the indeavours of three hundred of his Scholars, as 
 Diogenes Laertius writesj received the government ofArifiocracyj^p.- 
 der which they lived happily for many Ages. Others will likewife 
 that the Colony of the Samii trcm the obfei vance of the Jufticeof the 
 I moftholy Empire, wherewith it was governed wss called Dicear- 
 chia. by which name all the Greek, writers fliled.it and many times 
 after their example, the Latin. Strabo writes, Dicearchiavr&ancel 
 the Piazza of the Cumani, and that alter wards the Romans called it! 
 r^zza^/^eitheras fome will from the many deep pits, or as others! 
 from the fulphurious ftenches of the waters there ariling} It became] 
 
 under. 
 
fPartllT. 
 
 POZZZJOLO. 
 
 2 77 
 
 under the power of Romans in the warr with Hannibal, when Capua 
 was taken by a feige, and feverely chafiifed for the perhdieand I 
 ingratitude it exercifed.' from which was then taken its govern' | 
 mentandhbeity, and annually lent thitherfrom the Roman peo- : 
 plea prelect to govern them, which happened the five hundred 
 forty fecund yetr after Rome* building: when many Calflesand Ci- 
 ties ran the like fortune with it \ for that they had with arms de- 
 fended Hannibal as Titus Livius fets down, wherefore Sextus Tcmpeim 
 ' fets rozzmlu among the ten Pi2ete&ures of Campania on which the 
 Roman People etrery yeerimpofcd Governors: for all which fome 
 yeers after s they palled farther by difpolition of the Acitian Law , 
 to wit that they fenf thither a Colony of Roman Citizens,and made 
 it one of the five maritimate Colonies, which were drawn from 
 • f&wweinthe five hundred and fifty ninth yeer by force of the Laws 
 iofthefaid Acilius the Tribune, as is clear in Titus Livius: being then 
 rConfuls rublius Scipio Africanus writes the fecond time 3 and Titus Sens- 
 \pronius. Vclkyts p at er cuius from the opinion of fome, that the 
 (Colony was later fent thitherto wit 3 lufhes or 1 5 yeers after the a- 
 Ibove written time, and addes that in fum the veri.y is not pun&u- 
 | ally known. 
 
 Yet verily the old memorials of rozzuolo i copious enough in the 
 houfe of Hadrianus Guilernus the raoft courteous,Iearned , and curi- 
 ous beyond meafure in antient hiftories, wholly agree with Titus 
 Livius: where is ex ant one of thofe ftone Tablets, containing 
 the fecond Law, the Regulation of publick edifices and expences 
 there to be had: which was made ia the Confdacy of P* Rutilius 
 andc«. Malliui Maximus , the fix hundred forty and eight yeear as 
 the Fafti C a pi tol;ni deinonffrate, which happened in the ninth yeer 
 after the conduct of that Colony to Pozzuolo 3 as thefe words fet 
 down on the beginning of the faidLaw clearly prove. 
 
 Ab Colonia dedatJa anno XC. 
 N. FuJidioN.F.AI. Fullio Duunt vir 
 R. Rutilio. Cn' Mallio Cos. 
 Operum, Lex. LI. 
 
 From which words we clearly comprehend, that the comence- 
 mentof this Colony was under the Confulacyof Martins Fortius 
 Cato and L. Fkccus } in the five hundred forty eighth ycer,a!though 
 Livius fets it down to have been the following yeer. Augujius being 
 at laft become Conqueror in the Civil wars, having reftored peace, 
 and fhut up the Temple of Janus '■> for reward of the veteran Soul- 
 diers, difpofedthem into the 28 Colonies of Italy, among which 
 Pozzuolo was one, then made a military Colony, as Suetonius writes 
 and as may be drawn from the fragment of the Military Colo^ 
 'hies. 
 
 From the above written obfervations is certainly known,how an- 
 itient the Colony of rozzuolois-, and that many times Inhabitants! 
 jwere thither ftntand inroiled. And therefore this Author holds! 
 (for very imperfect, and ill treated from the inefficiency or inobfer-j 
 ! vancy of the remembrancer.^ ha tT^;7«/ (tti down in the fourteenth 
 ! book of his Annals-: and fo Jujius Lrpfius thinks alfo, for in the a&sj 
 
 Cccc of 
 
*£t j ""theHiftoryof ITALY, '. Parting 
 
 , of Rtfiee in the eighth hundred and twelfth yecr, the Emperor N«.,j 
 
 | to mid Coljus Leniulm being Confuls, VyC find the fe words of Tat$4 
 *•«/. Atrniulia, vetus oppidunt Yuleoli ,«j Lolvn:£, & cvgnvmmUim&\ 
 * b!<romaA.pijiuatur , adding no mo e as if rozzuo'o tor no preceding 
 time had thecjisality oiaColony,whereasT/«.f Livim clearly prove* 
 \t to have been in that condition two hundred and forty yetrsbe- 
 j fore: but thefe two may becaiily reconciled, by the ad jutting of' 
 I one tingle word , to wit the writing it verm inlfeadof vctucia thcle 
 | w >rds. Jt in Italia verus Oppulum Ttdeoli novum )ur Cohnu ?, £* cogt&e \ 
 mentum a blerone adrpifemtur; ior that being at futt czWz&Colomj. 
 Ji^wlthNcra it wa seal led. Augusta Neroniana t axid thence tisthat TACiixx\ 
 j ffiies that Tczzuolo obtained a ne* condition wkh a new name.* bm- 
 Tacitus not explaining the occalzon why then aColony was ftnt thi- 
 ther „ cr who gave it new condition, and whatthat condition 
 was: the place feems to want more then one word : and becaute.thtji 
 particle^f feparates the word afore fpecified and the difference oij 
 things and the particle non /4jwe# is placed in fhemidftof (he pen-' 
 od which followeSj this place is there orebelieved deft ftivcansS 
 fhat therefore thefe words fet a cloud before the eyes, andfcruplesj 
 In theftudiesof the curious, which this Auth< r hath though tnoi'l 
 ea/lly removable without foaie fupplrrrent to that place of Taoittm 
 to the efftct following, viz. Atinltaliaverusoppidftm Futeoh novum 
 ius Colonic , & cognomentum adipifcuntur £que cUdcmpaffi: gueifjrJi 
 riivjtt Trincipis benejtcium facer e Coloniex diver Jis legion, L* undemnquf\ 
 cmrti , nupiero licet frequent es , utveicremTarentium , & Antiumadt 
 fcripti^ non tamen infrequent i£ locorum fubvenere , dtiipfis plunbus in\ 
 Provincial, iuquibus Jiipejtdia ex pi ever an t : And thus will thediffe 
 rcace be known between what fell out to PozzuoJo, and what to Lm.4 
 odjeed^ by the copulation At: of which Cities this returned to ksjj 
 proper ftate by its own power , the other not , although it afhftedjj 
 the Prince, as did happen to Tarento i and Antio^ the occafton of 
 which miffortune Tacitur gratioufly declares. 
 
 The learned are iatreated to have due confederation of this place,! 
 and to note the defects with a jlelletta. To return then to ourfirfx] 
 purpofe .* the Author when hecopied out ihofeinfcriptionSiWhi-j! 
 left there permanent , it occurred to him , that a Colony was ofjl 
 new conducted to Vozzuoh under the Empire of the I'ejpajiani^&adl 
 was called Flavia , for that he efpied among thofe old ftones,a greaijl 
 ifquare marble one engraven with letters of a foot long a piecc,thei 
 Which by being continually expofed to the furges of the Sea , hath! 
 its characters almoft eaten our, yet not fo wholly but that one may: 
 read the third part of theelogy inferibed in the old Marble Arch,! 
 the which the F I 'avian Colony erected to exprefs a gratefull fence! 
 to Antonius Tim c<ejar for his liberality in reftoring the portsrwhich! 
 part of the Elogy will hereafter be repeated. In the mean time be- 
 hold in Tczzuolo and its neighbourhood, the meritorious objects; A- 
 moDg others a vafiChurchnow entitled S. Froculo Martirefhe which 
 of old Cjilpkurnius hzd dedicated to AuguJIus Ctffar: tis built in a ^o-\ 
 rinthian order, as may be undcrffcod by the Porticue, con~i 
 taining one peice of the old title in the frontifpeice in thefe, 
 words, > ij 
 
 I. Cal: 
 
 
 
Part III, 
 
 FOZZVOLO. 
 
 28$ 
 
 L. Calphurnius L. F. iemplum 
 AHgyJto cum ornamcntis, D. D. 
 
 All Authors queftion who this Ca!pbw\mr the Son of Lucius was,! 
 chiefly lor thit iherc were fo many CalphurniJ t and they iainous in | 
 :thet;meof Xkgvjikf: and it it belawfull tomakeufeoi conjecture! 
 I none comes neaier then mine, that L. Calphurnius Son of Lucius \ 
 [called Pi/oneTrttgi, after lie had been Co&faL and Prefect of Pro- 
 i vinces was alio Prefect of Rome, after 7. tut Urns Taunts , who was ', 
 j twice Conful an J triumph 'd •• heexercifed this very charge in the 
 time of Augustus and Tiberius for twenty yeers, as 'lacitus in thefifch 
 Book of his Annals fets forth, who writes that his father wasa 
 man appertaining to the Cca for /whence tis impliioble but L. Pifone 
 mult have been his Fathe; , of whom the eloquent tongue of Cicero 
 fpeaks fo much ill , as that he was banifhed whilft he was Conlul. 
 He was thenCenforinthefeuen hundred fifty and third yeer,whilft| 
 C<efar Dictator warred againff the confederates of rompey. Among' 
 all the g re ate ft charges and employments which the Calphurnianisi-, 
 mily participated, they only twice adminiftred ; : e C< Ipiflii] Thel 
 firfttime L. TifoneFrugi was Cenfor alter the CoUuJacy } in the 695] 
 yeerof Rome-who being Tribune of the People, p-"vailed for that! 
 Law againft the rapine of the Provincial IViagiitates.-and the fecond' 
 time fifty eight yeers after, 
 
 This Temple is fo well built, that in thefpaceof fo many ages' 
 neither Time the confumer of all things, northeinfolencies ote-; 
 nemies , who have many times deftroyed the reft ot .he City, have 
 been able to ruinate , which could rot come otherwife topaffe 1 
 then from the beams being compofed of marble, in which fcarce a 
 faftning appears: yet the impetuous force of the earthquakes have { 
 in part moved it out of order,in fuch fort that the right angle of the 
 Frontifpiece is fain with a part of the Title, where certain ruptures I 
 appear. 
 
 Of fuch effeem was this Fabrick* that the arehite&ors were not a< , 
 fhamedthe work being finifhed to place their name there.- being 
 Luccio Cocino Libert a of Luca, and Caio PoJiumi t as we read in the left 
 wall of the Church in thefe words. 
 
 L. cocceius 
 C. Tojiumi L. 
 Audits Architect* 
 
 Many other holy facred places that were therein are e itheir fain 
 to nothing,or at leaftwife very badly handled. The Temple of Nep- 
 tune as Cicero affirms was the moft famous,of which fome great Frag- 
 ments to this day remain near SanFrancefco, as vaults, arches, huge 
 I wals Sc other places with their nooks for the ffamesrbut its columns 
 land high ornaments of marble are taken away. Alfonearthe Am- 
 jphitheatre, are thefootfteps Amines of a Temple, which Antonius 
 Vius Aughjius had ereftcd to Adrian the Emperor his Father who dy- 
 
 C c c c 1 ed 
 
x8o 
 
 The HiHory of IT ALT, Part III. 
 
 cd AiEatiWi the Mannorhoufeof Cicero as Spar ti anus relates. Some 
 veers lafi: pad many fair fiatuesand vaft peicesof Columnes and 
 .Marbles were amoved , togeiher with the Elogies of Nava, Irajan 
 and Adrian the Emperors , that is to fay of the Fa ther, Grandfather 
 add great Grand- Father .• to whom Antonius( having created them 
 Gods) had adorned facerdotalfacMfkes, of the F lamins and their 
 companions: and hence fome believe he obtained the furnamc of 
 rv«j-j he Pious, as we are inftruited from the aforefaid Sp at -turns , 
 md by Julius Capitolinus. 
 
 The Temple of the N T M P H E S 
 
 extant on the Sea Shore without 
 POZZVOLO. 
 
 T feems very likely that either the Sea or Earthquakes have fwal- 
 _lowedupthe temple of the Nymphs t the which, we read in the 
 8th, Book of rhilojiratus Cennius in the life of Apo!loniusTianeus>Do- 
 mitianus the Emperour built on the feafhore without pozzuolo: he 
 writes that twas built with white ftone, and that of oldtwasfa- 
 mous for divination, and that in it was found a fountain of running 
 fpriog water, from the which though any quantity were taken a- 
 way, twas never perceived to diminifhjbut this with infinite other 
 antiquities is now gone to nothing 5 yet now is evident at a little 
 diftance from the Land near the ViaCampana in the Sea a fountain 
 of fweet water , which gurgles to this day with great forcej whofe 
 fource maybealwaies perceived alcnoft to admiration,if the Sea be 
 quiet and calm •• let the ftudious of antiquity confider if in this 
 place the Temple of theNymphes may have been,which conjecture 
 will not feem far from truth upon weighing the words of Philojlra- 
 tor, who relates, that Apolloneus Trineus appeared to his two Difciples 
 Damides and Demetrius was in the Temple of the Nymphes on the Sea 
 (bore without rozzuolo, who were difputing the nature of the a- 
 bovenamed fountain , where alfo is the Illand of Calijjus to whom 
 the fucctfles of what happened with VI ijffes they relate in the fa- 
 bles. 
 
 Furthermore, as twere in the midfr of the Colony, remains yet a 
 rr.oft hugeAmphitheatre little lefie then entire,compofed of fquared 
 (tones, the which notwithftanding its ill treatment by earthquakes 
 the taking away many of its (tones, and the plowing of its ioyI,yet 
 appears in its firfrform,enlarped into a more large circuit, then was 
 ufual for the Emperors,& Leandro Alberto faies that by meafuring he 
 fourdittobein length in the plain within, 172 foot, in bredth only 
 92. foot. 
 
 F err ant eLojf redo Marques of Trcvko affirms, this the moftantienr 
 Amphitheatre, fuppofing it to be built before Rome , loft its liber- 
 
 I - ' ty 
 
Part ill. 
 
 MIS.ENQ. 
 
 ry under the Emperours, from an old infcription in marble there 
 found, demonftrating under what Confuls this Fabrick was repai- 
 redat the publickexpence of the Citizens of Tozz,uoloi whichin- 
 fenption although much fought for by me, I had not the good hap 
 to fee. 
 
 Many fragments of Acqueducls are yet to be feen, which either 
 palled through or furounded the Mountains .- nor is it an eafy mat- 
 ter to number the conferves for the waters made in divers formes 
 fome entire, and fome ruinated by earthquakes, many of which 
 are underground and very large, which who enters , without a 
 clue of thread,a lighter a well pradtifed guide, may dwell there for 
 ever, fo intricate are the labyrinths, built without gates, headsor 
 turning ftreets .• from which we may afluredly know, that the Ro- 
 mans with vaft expence thither drew t and therein preferved great 
 plenty cf thofe fweet waters, abounding on that Maritimate coafr. 
 The vulgar unskilled in old hiftory, as in all things very ignorant, 
 have molt injurioufly expreffed themfelves, in giving ridiculous 
 names to thefe edifices, calling them, Pifcinemhabili, wondernjll 
 fills pools, Cento Celle, the hundred Cells, and Grottc Draconarie^rz- 
 gons Caves. Soealfo have they handled the fountains and baths 
 in number forty or more between Poz&uolo, Mijjeno and Cuma t of di- 
 vers forts, and efficacious for fundry difeafes. But tis not our pur- 
 pofe to look back and take notice by one and one of thefe things, 
 having already fet forth whatever is there rare and worthy view 5 
 wefhall therefore referre fuch as defire more ample andcompleat 
 fatisfa&ion in the like objects to Leandro Alberto^ and the other wri- 
 ters herein before mentioned. 
 
 285 
 
 tfjfo&ifc&jnfafofomttfo^ 
 
 The defcription of the Antient Port of 
 V0ZZ7J0L0. 
 
 SUch and fo great wonders,as here by degrees prefent themfelves 
 to the view of the Traveller as he approaches the Sea fide, may 
 well entertain him 5 for like mountains in the waters rife the im- 
 menfe moles of the old Port, that is,thirteen immenfe Piles, which 
 fpring out of the water like fquare Towers,which in old time were 
 conjoyned in manner of a bridge by frequent arches , but now by 
 fortune and antiquity thofe grofs engines are feparated , and the 
 falling down of fome of theArches renders it unpayable from one to 
 the other : which muft have been cauled either from earthquakes or 
 i the furious Sea, the whole fabrick being compofed of burned earth 
 Hike bricks of two foot fquare, not eafily to be divided and broke 
 I down by any other accident. 
 
 Tis certainly known, that when this Port was in being, it exten- 
 | ded it felf into the Sea , in form of a large bridgd and bending it 
 
 Dddd felf 
 
%u 
 
 TheHittory of I rZLrT^ParTil i.l 
 
 felt" in the falhion of a bow, reached the fhore and the Avernus, and 
 fo defended the place from the raging force and ftorms of the Sea,i 
 whofe haughtineiie was comodioufly bridled by means of thofei 
 Moles. | 
 
 And tis believed that the Antients there made thofe 
 Arches, to the end that through them the fea waters might enter! 
 iato the Port,and by its continual flowing and ebbing keep it clean-! 
 fed of the mud, which the rivers and rain watcrsbrought down in j 
 to it from the Terra firma and the neighbouring hills, throughj 
 which in their courfe to the Sea thofe waters muft firftpaffe; and] 
 it had not been poffible to avoid the filling up of that port in few; 
 yeers, by that perpetual inroad of durt, had not the Sea waters; 
 through thofe Arches continually purged it of that mud and filthi-i 
 neflefo drove into it : and this the inconvenience in the port of; 
 Naples and divers others, who are only furrounded with a bank with- ! 
 out arches, fufficiently proves. 
 
 Suetonius in the life of Caligula from its vaftneffe calls it the Mole of 
 pozzttofo, from whence thorough the midftof the Gulf of the Sea, 
 Caligula 3 as he writes, to fhew his greatnefsand vanity, and to be 
 able to tread andw.dk on the Seaaswellas upon the Land j or as 
 Dion faies becaufe he would imitate King Xerxes ■ who pafled his 
 Army out of Afia into Europe over the (freight of tidlefpont upon a. 
 wooden Bridge: commanded to be brought together and new built 
 all the mips he could get,which were infinite, and therewith caufed 
 aBridgetobe made w ith the faid Ships fet in two Banks fa ftened 
 and moored together with anchors chains and cables, which made 
 them ftandfixt and firm, and extended evento Baias th;ough the 
 gulf of the Sea •" he commanded this bridge to be made of boords fo 
 ftrong and even and to lay fo much earth upon the fame , as it 
 feemed to be firm ground and one of theffreets of Rome like the 
 Strada Appia. This being finifhed , he proudly attired in Robes of 
 Gold and pearl, and a crown of Oaken boughes on his head ( called 
 Civica>) onhorfebackentred at one end of the bridge and road to 
 the other, accompanyed with the Band of the Tretorian Souldiers, 
 and all theNobSes and Gentlemen of Rome: and the next day re- 
 turned habited like a Campanian^ in a Chariot, with a great multi- 
 tude of his Friends. Dion writes that the night he lay on this bridge, 
 he caufed fuch an infinite number of Torches, lanthornsand other 
 Lights, to be lighted and fet up, that the cleameffe thereof did 
 exceed the darkneife of the night.- Caligula boafting, that he had 
 made of the night day, and of the Sea Land} 8c becaufe it happened 
 that thefe two days the Sea was calm, he faid that Neptune did it for 
 feare Sc to do him R.everence}S»eta»/«/ adds 3 that Caligula, having in- 
 vited many,who being on the fhore ready to goe on the Bridg where 
 himfeSfwas, he turned them all over,breaking the bridg,and com- 
 mandedfome that endeavoured to catch hold of the ropes of the 
 VeiItls,to be forced into the water with oars and other ftaves,which 
 ferved for a jeft and pleafant fpe&acle to this Monger :Senecain his 
 78th. Epiftle calls this Macbimby the name of Fila, faying Omnk 
 in Vilte Puteolanorum turba covjfftit , cut» Alexandrinarum navium con- 
 fpiciiur advent**. And therefore this Machine , in a ferene sky fer- 
 ved to thofe o(Pozziiob to palfe and walk on,as if they had been in a 
 
 Piazza 
 
Part III, 
 
 POZZVOLO. 
 
 287 
 
 piazza, At the entrance on this Mole as aforefaid was a large Arch 
 built of Marble, dedicated to the Emperor Antonius P/»/bythofe 
 of Tozzitolo , by way of gratitude for his remembrance of their R.e- 
 publiquewith liberality inmoneysfor repairing the Port, aswel 
 find from that piece of an Elogy aforementioned, here fet down, for I 
 the benefit of fuch as delight in thefe particulars, 
 
 JEJari, Divi 
 htci, Nepoti Divi 
 onino Aug, Fio 
 olonia FlaviaH 
 uper Cjerera Ben- 
 us Pilarum vigin 
 quo, et Munition. 
 
 The entire contents whereof cannot eafily be comprehended from 
 thefe few remaining characters, but may in fome fort be fupplied 
 from the faid words,and the marks of the Lines wherewith thofe 
 characters appeare,which being formed to our thoughts, feem after 
 manner. 
 
 Imp. Cd'fari Divi Hadri ani filio Divi Trayani. 
 Farthici Nepoti Divi Nervi Pron. T. Ad. Hadriano. 
 Ant onino Augujl.Pio.Font.Max. trib.pot.cofs.pp. 
 Colonia Flavia 3 Aug. Puteo lanorum. 
 Quod [uper c&tera beneficia , ad huyu-s ciiam tutelant l 
 Fortus Pilarum vigintimolem cumjumptu fornicum 3 
 Reliquo , et munition ex arariojito largitusjit. 
 
 'Julius Capitolinus much favors the fub jeft of this elogy, by what 
 he writes i n the life of Antoninus Pius, to wit that he gave moneys to 
 many Cities, to the intent they mould either ereft new publick 
 ftructures^or reftore the old. 
 
 The Promontory of M IS E NO, 
 
 THus having viewed the old and great foundations of thePz- 
 azzza and the Port , pafTe by bark dire&ly from the Mole to 
 the Promontory of Mifeno famous and immortal by the verfes oivir- 
 gilfind the writings of other good Authors.This mountain lies in the 
 Sea, and is beared and hollow, full of grotts and caverns, which 
 made the Poet much to the purpofe and with no lefle ingenuity to 
 ftile ity/eriaorayry, as if he would denote it windy, byreafonof 
 the waies and concavities initfelf, faying further, that under it, 
 JEncas gave fepulture to Mififini his dead Trumpeter 8c man of oars, 
 Otasservito writes afterwards facrificed totheAvernusas'm his fixt he 
 faies. Dddd 2 Imp- 
 
,88 : [ The Hiaory of IT ALT, Part III, 
 
 Imponit [aaque arma viro, remumque tubamque 
 Monte fub Aerio } qui .nunc Mifemts ab Mo 
 Dicitur, tetermmquctcmtperfecula nomen. 
 Seeming by theOareand the Trumpet, to glance at the future 
 famoufneiieof that Port, and of the Armada or Fleet, which Aur 
 gufius had then placed there for defence of the Mediterranean <ea, 
 under E. AL Agrippafind Dion commemorates, that Augujius being 
 made Captain, made ufe of it for the harbour of the Fleet in the 
 Sicilian warr, againft Sextus pompeius^ where they then lay in the lea 
 between Alijeno and Cuma ) environed with hills, in form of a cref- 
 cent^a place very capacious and more then opportune for the Navy 
 at Sea, by reafon of thofe three gulfes of the Sea, fcituate between 
 Faia ana Pozzuob, that is the Lake of Baia 3 the Lucrino, and the 
 Averno , the which Lucius Florins calls by a moft gratious 
 Metaphor, the Eafe of the Sea : of which the Averno now 
 called Mare Mortuum , being included , wjiere it ifTueth out 
 with fand„ feems a ftagne or Moore about a thoufand paces di- 
 stant from the allodgment of the Armada. And therefore the neigh- 
 bouring precincts , asalfo the Mifeno, began to be accommodated 
 for the Souldiers (rations, for that the Fleet there was wont to win- 
 ter, and both Strabo, and Serviits: the Commentators upon Virgil , 
 report, that the wood and Trees on Averno were cut down,becaufe 
 they through their thicknefle rendred the air offenfive , and preju- 
 dicial to the health of the Inhabitants .• furthermore hills were boa- 
 red thorough , and leuel waies layed , to the end there might be a 
 fhott and facile accede to the fhoresof Baia and Lttcrino. And that 
 frtih water might nsver be defective, with infinite expence andno 
 SefTe labour, Rivolets from Rjversand fountains from fprings were 
 conveyed thither from a far off.- cifternsand confervatories were 
 built, (vaft enougbjin divers figures as the conveniency of the place 
 afforded, both in the plain and under the ground, and in the very 
 boweb ofthe hil,that fo cold water might be at all times ready for re- 
 frefhing the bodies in the excefiive heat of the Summer: tis for thefe 
 reafonsthat we find the Mifeno in great part, hollow and concave 
 within , and expofed to the air to the very top. In which we fee 
 fitting places for wafhing, baths, lakes, and tables for eating : be- 
 ing within full of grotts, waies and edifices arched, here and there 
 fuftained by frequent pillars , p^rt built with brick, part cut out of 
 the fame rock} among which edifices the bh geft confervatory ofthe 
 waters called vulgarly Grotta Dragottacia isadmi rable,as are the con- 
 veyances into itrfor the rain waters defcending from the Promonto- 
 ry , the which Grotta is capable of many thoufand butts,being large 
 beyond meafure , and twenty five foot deep: thelargnefs not be- 
 ing to bemeafured/or that the vaults and ruines fallen into it have! 
 filled many. parts of it.' all thefe confervatories are incrufted or" 
 plaiftered with a certain hard compofition ufed by the antients for 
 rendring^them tenable of the waters, fo that none could pafs 
 nor foak thorough : the inward fpace between the walls, is two 
 hundred foot long, and eighteen broad .• having four doors through 
 which is entrance into four great chambers.- near thefe are other) 
 conferves different in artifice and grandeur. 
 That which vulgarly they call Cento Camere, from the multitude' 
 
 of 
 
MISENO. 
 
 Part II L 
 
 oTabodes(by fume though? to be Newts prifoa, where am >ngth7 
 other Fabricks they pteferved their waters, is wonderful for the 
 vaftnefle and art wnerewith tis built.* its walls wicaia are conj ainr 
 ed within in fqaarcs , aad iupp >rt the vaults, forming ev^ry where 
 fquare chimbers, which oa all (ides have (mail doors by winch may 
 go from oae to the other th:fervaats, whofeofficjtwas when;tke 
 waters were fpent to cleanfe them jf the d.rt and (by le : the vaults 
 of thefe chambers have certain op^n holes, whereby the wirers 
 might be drawn up asoccaffna req aired. ThzPifcin* Mirabili or 
 Pool for water was admirable and faalous, and known by this n me, 
 the which is yet aluroft entire on the back of thePronoatoryof 
 Mifeno t toward the Port for the N ivy, and C«*j. This Fabrick Le- 
 andrus Albertus affirms, is taclofed by four walls, u fivehanireJ foot 
 long, and two huadreJani tWiity bralJ .• aad thi Vault fon:. 
 what higher.- raiding a little arcaivifi from BftS wi'Is, it r<fe:h high- 
 er towards the middle, being Gapportei up m forty eight colunns, 
 each of which is three foot fqure, which being Jifp ied into four 
 ranks reorefent a beautifuil and p oportio.aajle o->je& for the 
 wholeleng r b. The waoleFabrick iscoui?>fei>f brick, andthe 
 walls being or a great thickneire, renlericof aaextreanfumneiGk:, 
 both the Walls and Pillars with in are exi&ly incruftedasufeful to 
 keep them from leaking: and in thi arch ir&mmy o jenovilsfor 
 drawing up the waters .• at each end were firry (teps for decent 
 to the very bottome. The Pavement oa thefi.lesis h'ghereven to 
 themidftof thePorticue: whence wasadef.vncby fine fteps into 
 a lefler chamber on eichfiJe, an ith?ace was 3 defcent into ano- 
 ther very narrow inclofed place, into which Us fuppofed the waters 
 pu-ged their filth and unclemnelle , the which was afterwards ex- 
 haled by the publiqu^ offi ers f »r this purpofe called C a fiellarij 9 
 from thefe conferva tones of waters, being dsnomiaated Cajtella in 
 La tine. 
 
 All the Pavement is Term bs&tea, with all art an i diligence, 
 fothat to this day it'holdsthe rain water like adilhintheloweft 
 part of it. 
 
 Manyvarioufly conjecture whomouldbe thefirftbu'l iersof fo 
 vaft Fabricks .• fome whereof fuppofe, L. Liciniut £.***//#* to have 
 been the firft Author, and that this was built out of the rumes of the 
 faid !>*'/*/ his V<llx , which P/*#*>*f£ and Varro write he built mod 
 proud in the Trad of Biia neare the Promon ory of Mifntw: with 
 whom agree Suetonius and cornel m Tacitus , who write that Tibenut 
 the Emperor dyed in the fame Vtlla^ whence ("hindred by 'he (torm* 
 at Sea being fick^he could not fay le over to thelflandc^r^.Orhersi 
 think this was the Fabrick of Nero , and thence tis to this day called | 
 Pefcbiera di Nerone, and Suetonius writes that he began a Pefchery e»J 
 tending from Baia to Avernut , covered and (hut in by porticues . j 
 But this con jectu'e pleafeth not me m ch,nor any other who hat h I 
 diligently feen thofe places, whokaowtheufeof the like Fabricks! 
 to have been meerly for con ierviri* of waters: and for that thefe! 
 three Fabricks afore defcribed, lye fo contiguous oae to theorh-r, it j 
 may not be far from the purpofe toimagine that Au\u\ius and 'he| 
 Princes hisfucceflTors , built them for the ufe of the Meet, (mceitils 
 affuredly known, the Souldaers thereof there continually lodged 1 
 
 Feee and' 
 
X90 
 
 The Hiaory aUTALT, Part IK. 
 
 i 
 
 and wintred, iome vaft fragments of their military lodges yet being 
 extant/and I remember that I copied out fomeEpitaphs of the Soul 
 diers of the/4 rmad&fcotxi the near fepulchres,wherein are placed the 
 names of the Prttorian fhips,as Fede^lfede^Gallo^ wherein they had fe'r- 
 ved, whereof fome brief ones for delight of the ftudious ofantiqui- 
 ty hereunder follow.. 
 
 ! 
 D. M. 
 
 TiPorronicektis. 
 Hat. Alex. Ex. III. Ijidevix. 
 Ann. X L. Mil. am.XlHL Titi. 
 Vs. AquilibusEpidiHsPariJilll. Jfid. 
 H. A. M. fecerunt. 
 D. M.. 
 C. Settio Severo. 
 ■ Manipulate ex 1 1 1. Fi~ \ 
 
 de Nat tone Bejfus. « 
 
 Vixit annos X L V U j 
 
 Emilius dolens Erei 
 E.M. Fecit. 
 
 D.M. 
 C. Julio guar to. 
 Ver. Ex. Pr. N. Gallo* 
 M. Cecilius Felix. S. 
 taenia. Heraclia • 
 
 ..S.&S. r 
 
 •'<■•-'■ 
 Thefe had the captarafhrp of the Fleet, whoconfftantlyrefiled 
 there: as was Amcetut the libertine of Nero , whowisrirfi his Ma- 
 tter, by means of whofe frauds, thefe there flew near tMc Bauli,Agrip \ 
 pina his Mother. In fuch a command (^though different from thi>J 
 was Pliny the writer of t he natural hiftory, in the time of lefpafidn 
 at M/fenm, and there governed the^r/fc^andNtf^at theerupti. 
 on and burning of the fejuvius , being with it fhaken by the earth- 
 quake: but approaching too near with his (hips ., tpafSfttheop 
 prelfed Souldiers, and to fatisfie his curiofity in the occafionof thofe 
 n es, he was ft ifled by the allies and vapoursof tbi&,bujnning moun- 
 tain as aforefaid •• where with his uncle Pliny was alfo G. Celw the 
 fon of his fitter , who related this ftory more at large to Tacitus the 
 H lftorian . And certainly waters were> preferved in thefe Fabricks 
 for ufe and delight, both mLttcuHits hisVilla, and many other pla 
 ces very numerous in that piece of a fair country , all over which 
 run pipes, fliores, andchanels. All the Sea fhore andftrond is de- 
 formed by the raines of Towns and Villages, or old full of houfes : 
 and inhabitants , in particular that part between Formia and Suren 
 turn moves com pafli on in the paflersbyatSea.** which in theflouri , 
 fhing time of the Roman Empire, prefented to their viewatadi- 
 ftance the effigies ofa continued City, by the quantity of ftrudtures, 
 and proud P dices, beautifcyed with all fplendour, pompous and 
 vafMy expend ve: and would any take that pains now as by a drift 
 fcrutiny to take a particular account, or to draw draughts, and 
 exquifite defcriptiunsj enough of importance might be found toi 
 
 fatif-i 
 
Part III3 
 
 Wqzzzjolo. 
 
 fat-isfie his own Curiofity,and to fill up a new commentary,nay a jaft 
 volume. 
 
 The Palaces were wont to be very pompous in thofe partson the 
 Maritime coaits, being 150 miles in length: Which was fo filled 
 || w;th Palaces, Cities, Towns, Burghs, Baths, Thea;res,and fuch 
 other proud and magnificent Fabricks , beginning at Baia, and fo 
 continuing to F. hhndanns and fvfmpmijaat they teemed not fepa 
 rate,but one great and fair City/o whichno profpefr could be com- 
 parable; But in this our time all things there are ruinated except 
 h+plo tne head of the JUngdome, and refidenceofthe Viceroy and 
 lj)aie other great Princes. 
 
 23l 
 
 1 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 ^&I&AAA|A£ A$AA£ AA SA 
 
 The VuL or Palaces of pkafure ^ che 
 
 ROMANS, 
 
 era - ■ 1 ■ - 
 
 :"TpBa«wd may gratefully pleafe the ftudious in thefe things, we 
 .• Q thought it «u|: iloirnht pw pofe ro run ovei fome of the more 
 -aot»k l'ilhs i which ithe Romans had built in thefe parts. That fa 
 «u us Palace then of LhguIIus (food in the Terra fdrma^ nea* the Pro 
 |rJODtQriq©f Mz/^w/iidifcoyeiifig^hie* topof th-Uear high hill and 
 -the other ieffcrW ween the port & gulf ofeii^where he rir;r bought 
 .of Cornelia the Villa ot Sc. &/</r,#/,banifhed by L. Sylla , w hk bhe am- 
 plified with FabricUs,. Gardens, and fumpfudusFimpofdiytHe fpa 
 cesof which Gardens appear to this day,towjtds Chw^ not lar from 
 the OeKta (fa.'uai, zwd toot (reps of the Pefeheries at the more of 
 Fata, wi^gro^s, andilfaftdiog pools cut into the foot of the Rock 
 i)^a>rt, thfitthey might be a refuge and defence to theFilh from 
 t^esfcGrotting-Sun i« hu$t weather .• as M. Varro'iets forth,faying that 
 I . LttcuiH^'had given ordtr -to his architect's tpconfume as iruch 
 ■flraeney as^they pleafed^ fo they made a fufficient defence For the 
 ^i&Bgair.flrthe heat of t<foe Sun , 'and provided them fetureretrPats 
 t&r-dep (the mountains , fo that when this work was com plea-red he 
 ifcighf fayj heneeded tiot envy Neptewehimfelf for good nefiVof fi(b: 
 which fhews that he had fifhpools in many places, And in 'the laid 
 Minns Varro } 6)HortenjiHs the Orator reprehends M. Lucullw f r that 
 Hi he had not after the example of L. Lucullus his Brother, provided for 
 the conveniency of his filh, a retreat into the Frefco , from 
 ' thefcorching beams of the Sun. Tis thought the Villa of M. Lncul- 
 i, fas ftood at the foot of the mountain Mifenm towards the Ifle Trocy- 
 an ti entry called trachyte, where under the waters may yet be 
 pfeiceived great ruines ofPtfcharies. 
 
 Eeee 2 
 
 Vil. 
 
The Hiftory oilTALT, Part III, 
 
 jSSiSS^^S!QSSSXtXt^^SjMS^M^^^!fSXa*9 
 
 Villa Di CLHORTEENSJO, 
 
 QVintHS Hortenjius had his Manner houfe in the breaft of Ea:ano 
 near Ea*li, whereof fome reliques yet appear onthefhores, 
 and louie are covered by the waters.* tismoft certain and famous 
 that he had then moft fair fifbpools, with feme grots cut into the 
 mountain for the refuge of his fifh from the Suns aidoui .* fo 
 much we»e they then given to the like pita lures : for which C Lkero 
 raucting him)call HirGod of theSea t and ihe moft h. pp) in hi ptf 
 chene.-, in th at \ c had fodomefticated the fifbjihat they came at his 
 c 11 ubtn «hty heaid his voice j, and much condoles the death of 
 ii Marsha, the lennet fifh 3 which tis thought by ft me will fray a 
 fh pit it frick >oit; of whom a friend of his n queuing a pair of his 
 Afklietr 9 he anfwered he woud rather give h>m two mules cut of hi$\ 
 hirer. Tlw) writes that after g^ bortetfnt. jt.ttma tie O-Cthei cr 
 cL»(.i»ji)\ehtr>feTor pcfltiled thefe very KifVpcoJs with'tl t fame 
 1 umour, and that ftp fo much loved a Awrfra, thai (he caufed ear- 
 nngs of gold to be put or him in the waters .• and that thofe places 
 were lo famous for this fad, that many lefortcc to Eanli purpofely 
 to behold it. Tis not certain vhethei Nerotht Fn jru cauled^- 
 l^i,pif!a his mother to be (lain in this veiy vtlU, but if net there, 
 twa.' not farr f rem it, as may be colkc";colicrr ^itnthrs laniksin 
 the 14th bock of his Annals. 
 
 Ccpiitia iht Aunt of here had a Villa in ihat r« ii } ttuihcod: where- 
 of in the 13 tctkof laciius is feme men trial,, ro 1 Lien c*jjinsiz\ts 
 that ^t^fl^£V ; ^gpcifcned^w;7whis/l:nt,J<initdh trieJf of her 
 Livings near lonh t zrd Fatttsta : tieccntjsiy vlcre* \lhvslamfn- 
 drihs itpcrts of the Fmpercr Alexander Sever** , to w't that be fide. 4 
 many Palaces he built in Heme, in honour of jttha Maatea, his mo- 
 ther, he built ere moft ld piucus with its Pefchtries calling the 
 p'ree Jlurnea. wh'ch l errant el of redo, Marques of r urivico(vppofetb 
 to ftand in the midft of Baia t where he like wife erected many other 
 in honour of hh> Parents. 
 
 The 
 
Part III. 
 
 MISENO. 
 
 The Villa Of C. F1S0. 
 
 THis ftood under the mountain near the hot fountains .* hither 
 Nero t (leaving the other charges of importance) often retired 
 for his folace s as Tacitus declares in the 1 5th. book of his Annals. Tis 
 fuppofed that in this Villa^Nero entertained his mother Agrippina&t 
 table many hours under pretence of the feftival g>uinquatnts : a feaft 
 celebrated to Pallas five daies, but with intention to make her 
 return by night to her Villa at #4«/z,having before hand given order 
 that in the return, the Bark (wherein me was) fhould be funk 
 and fhe thereby be drowned, as Suetonius and Tacitus relate. 
 
 ThcVillaof C.MAR1VS, oiCMSAR. 
 "and of POMPEr. 
 
 TN thefe confines likewife C. Marius-> C<efar t znd Pompey, had their 
 houfes of pleafure s as Seneca tells us in the fecond Epiftle, but they 
 ftood on the very tops of hills, fo that they had more the faces of 
 Caftles and Forts and places made purpofely to protect the Coun- 
 trey below , then of Pallaces for folace. Pliny fpeaks of that of 
 Marius in the 6th chapter of the 18 book , which was afterwards pof- 
 fefiedand amplifyed by Lucnllus , near the Promontory of Mifenus t 
 towards the Port. But the Villa of C<efar flood above Baiaznd on 
 the top of the Mountain , as Tacitus teftifies in the 1 5th book ofhis 
 Annals , whofe vaft foundations remain to this day under their old 
 name, neare the Temple of Venus. That of Pompey, they fay, was 
 on the third Mountain, between the Avernus and the contiguous 
 Tritullian hot baths, whence the furname they yet retain.- and there 
 fome yeers fince was found a ftatue of Pompey. 
 
 mmmmmmmimmmmm 
 
 The yilla Academic a of Mar cm Tttllms 
 CICERO. 
 
 liny in the fecond Chapter of his thirty firft book declares, that 
 the Villa of Cicero^ made fo famous by his writings) was in thefe j 
 ! quarters between the Avernus and PozzHolo upoa the Sea fhore with a 1 
 f Ffff moffl 
 
194- 
 
 TheHiftory oilTALT, Part IIL 
 
 moft delicious grove and a (pacious hall to walk in, wherefore Cicero 
 called it an Academy in imitation of that at Athens, wherein they 
 ordinarily difputed walking. Here Cicero made his fepulchres: and 
 fomuch was he pleafed with it , that he often fpoke of it, and enti- 
 tied fomeof his books from it , gitejliones Academics: Academick 
 queftions. At thus being in Athens , Cicero in almoft every letter re 
 commended his Academy s that he might fend to him from Greece^ 
 whatever could be had for ennobling it with fair ornaments, where- 
 in Aniens failed not , according to the occafions, in ftatues, pictures 
 and other the like ornaments. Whence Cicero in his Epi&le ad At ti- 
 ticufft , praifeth his diligence and the things fent him. 
 
 Cicero being retired hither in the calamitous times of the Repu- 
 blique to fpend away the time, toy 1, and troubles with Books,many 
 of the Principal Romans repaired thither to vifit him, and take 
 fomecounfel. Of them was C. Csfar after the victory he obtained 
 in the civil warr, C. octavius the Succttfjur of JuLus , yet before he 
 made himfelf Emperour,wirh infinite others: out after that Cicero 
 was banilhed , the Villa Acadentka was poilefled by C. Antifiius, who 
 was theLegat of C<ejar 9 and followed his faction in the civil wars. 
 A little after Ciceroes death, in his Villa, fprung up fountains of hot 
 water, good among other things for the eyes and fight, celebrated 
 by Tulliut Taureus the freeman of Cicero , with an Epigram fet down 
 among the works of P/i#y, who wrote this fucceiTc, and judged that 
 Epigram worthy of memory. We muft believe that this F///<*ftood 
 where now the Stadio is, taking that name from the length oiciceroet 
 haIl,whofe mines yet remain fo diftinctly,as that it may be meafured 
 how long twas : and although this Stadiofeem to ftand too far from 
 the Sea, in refpect of that we read touching Ciceroes Academy , yet 
 this will net create any difficulty : fince the Sea may be in fo long a 
 fpaceoftime through divers caufes retired •■> becaufe truely this Vil- 
 la in Ciceroes time ftood over water, at leaftwife conducted from 
 the Sea, by certain channels , fo that he eating at table, migHtcaft 
 into the waters for the fifh to ear s Sc angle and fifh at his pleafure. The 
 hot fountains are extant in a neere field , in a cavern under ground 
 at the root of the hill, which are alfo of wonderfull nature,becaufe 
 they increafe and decreafe according to the flowing and ebbing of 
 thefea, by day and by night .• in their increafe they caft abundance 
 of water into the bath, and when full , part ot the water returns 
 to the fountain, and part runs into the Sea by a certain faiall chanel 
 or gutter made to that purpofe. 
 
 This Bath vulgarly called Bagno Cfceroniatto 9 the Ciceronianbatb, 
 and by phificians, Tratenfe or TritulUano is as gdlant and entire an 
 antiquity as any in the Tract of rozzuolo: Thtfe waters were fo 
 foveraign not many years fince over moftdifeales, that over every 
 bath was written for what cures twas good , of wh ch infer iption 
 fome letters yet ftand .• but the phificians of Palermo (as they tell 
 theftory) finding thofe waters prejudicial to their cufrom, went 
 with inftruments exprefly & demolifiYt thofe writings ( fo that for 
 the prefent they are unufefull)the faid phificians being all caft away 
 in their return. Thus much (hall fuffice touching ciceroes famous Vrf. 
 la for that Leander and other writers treat fufficiently of its nature 
 and others thereabouts. From the commencement of Ciceroes Aca- 
 
 de- 
 
Part III. 
 
 VOZZVOLO. 
 
 291 
 
 deoiical queftioos is comprehended, that the Villa of Ter.Varron 1 
 inoft learned Reman was not far diftant , but the determinate place 
 is unknown. 
 
 It 
 
 
 IhcVillaot SERV1L1VS VATIA. 
 
 SEtteca demonflrates in his fifty fecond Epiftle to Lucullus, that on 
 the Ihore between cuma and the Lake Averms flood the Villa, of 
 serviUusVatia^ the magnificence and vaftnefs of which Fabrick may 
 be comprehended Irom the fragments yet extant. He faies twoCaves 
 were here built with great expence, into the one whereof the Sun 
 never entred,and on the other it fhone from morning to night, into 
 w ch • ran a delicious water through as pkafant aMeadow withmany 
 Fifh. Hither Servihus a noble and rich Man retired himfelf at fuch 
 time as Tiberius Cffar afflifted many noble Romans, andapplyed] 
 himfelf to honeft Labour far from Rome in peace, for which he 
 was flyled happy , and obtained the fame of knowledge in his 
 affaires above others, by thatmeanes avoyding dangers.Touching 
 the dead and other notable things others have abundantly writ, 
 let this therefore fuffice, for the purpofc of the Baianiau celebrious 
 Villa's, frnceof the other particulars in the times of thofe old 
 Roman Princes, tis impofOble to treat exactly, all things being 
 fo wholly ruinated and deftroyed that fcarce any footfteps re- 
 
 main. 
 
 The old City of B A1A. 
 
 The molt fair foundations and pitched Piazzaet of the old City 
 Baia } lye underneath the waters, fcarce any fragments remain- 
 ing on the Land: but in the neighbouring Mountains in every 
 corner lye baths, hot baths, and ftrucluresof Admirable Archi- 
 teclure, notwithstanding that many great FabrLks were butnt ma- 
 ny thrown down by earthquakes and many fwallowed up by the I 
 Earth. In the Sea may be clearly feen the great old Piles of the j 
 Port of Eaia, like thofe of Toztuolo^ built of Brick with inu lie- I 
 rable expence,which now feem like Rocks, as do the the enclofures j 
 ; -and foundations, whichof old flood for defence of the Lakes Lh- ! 
 j c rims and Avtrnus, 3gainff theftormsof the Sea .• which was gene- i 
 jnerally believed to be made in this manner, to wit, thatHercttles by j 
 ' hisftrength, upon two carts abrefr 5 drew as largeapeice of Earth as! 
 Lfffa was \ 
 
TheHMory ot IT ALT, Part III. 
 
 was requifite,and that a mile in length to the place , and there fixed 
 it .• and therefore Pofterity for a perpetual remembrance andac- 
 k nowledgement of fo great a benefit ,erec"red to him a Round Tem- 
 ple near Baali, whereof fome fragments yet are extant. But afcer- 
 wards,that repair being wafted by the Sea, C. Cajar again reftored 
 and bettered it , as may be collected from Virgilt Georgickj and from 
 Serviut his Commentator } withwhofe opinion Suetonius fetms to 
 accord, faying that Auguflus perfected tbe 'Julian Port near 
 Saia whence tis fuppofed that Julim Ctjar had hi/r fetledit.- 
 which muft have been in hisfirft Confulfhipby Commiffionof the 
 Senate, who gave him that charge at theinftance of the Receivers 
 of the Cuftoms and Tolls, upon their allegation } that the cuftcmes 
 and Tolls much decayed in value through the ruine of that Port: 
 which was afterwards called Julia, from the Reaccomodators 
 nzmc Julius c<c[ar . So faics Servius uponthefe veriest, the fecend 
 of the Georghkj. 
 
 An mentor em pot ins .<? Lucrinoqueaddita clauftra, 
 Atqut indignalnm magnisjlridoribus £qmr$ 
 Julia qua Tonto longefonat unda refufo s 
 Tyrrhenufque immittitur <ejlus Avernisj 
 
 A wonderfull Adventure. 
 
 In our times, that is in the yeer i 538 ( thofe adjacent Fields and 
 places being for two whole yeers before fhaken moved and difiur- 
 bed ) in the end,the night of the twenty ninth day of Sipimber^be* 
 tween the foot of the mountain Gauru s and the Sea near the aforefaid 
 Lakes, there arofea new mountain called McnttKovo a mile high in 
 the upright, which now is in circuit at the bottcme four mile. A 
 miraculous thing to fall out in one night. At the birth of this moun- 
 tain the fhore and the waters of the Se a retired the fjpace of two hun- 
 dred fpaces,one great and entire town czUedTripergolano^was entirely 
 (wallowed up by the Vorago and gulf of the earth, withfomeof 
 its baths which were very celebrious: and the near Lakes Avcttim 
 and L»cri«»/ were almoft filled up with ftones earth and afhes. This 
 was thought to have proceeded from the afhes which came out of 
 sttlfatara: how many other old memorials this new mountain hath 
 covered cannot be known. On the top of itisalargemouthabout 
 50. paces in circuit,which at the beginning vomited out fire, at the 
 bottome whereof are now found \Varm waters. 
 
 The( 
 
Pare III. 
 
 MISENO. 
 
 
 The Lake JVERNV$. 
 
 T-He Lake 'Aver/tut hath been illuflrated by the moft efreemed 
 Poets, and diligently defcribed by Strabo and other Hiftori- 
 ans,for the Fables fake Cwhich the Antients gave credit to _) appro- 
 priated to it.For this was confecrated to Pluto the God of hell. Here- 
 abouts as Fame went was the Poets Acheron or defcent into hell, and 
 here was the gate of hell thorough which they caufed to rife the in- 
 fernal Spirits, when any hnmane creature was facrificed unco them. 
 And hence the Cz«/erJ4«Priefts(theantient In habitants of this place 
 fent down ( by certain CavernsJ into hell to find p/*f<?,fucli Travel- 
 lers and ftrangers as came to be refolved in any qutftions , or to re- 
 ceive counfel or anfwer from Pluto. To this day the vulgar be- 
 jlieve, that through the Caverns in the neighbouring hill, (hence 
 denoovnated Monte della Sibylla") one may defcend to thefubterra- 
 nean refidence of the Sibylla Cnmana-, and that there fhe is feen and 
 confukedbymany, which things Leandrus Albertus in his Italia di- 
 ligently adver ifeth. La&antim faieth that fhe among the o f her Sy- 
 bils prophefyed of Ch.ift. The Inhabitants further hold for cer- 
 tain,that Chri't returning from Limbus with the fouls of the holy Fa- 
 thers, arofe out of the earth through a certain mountain near the 
 Lake Averwtt an i the Monte Novo, and therefore they csil that 
 Mountain by the name of Monte di Chrijio : which opinion forne 
 oldPoetsconfinn t writingof the Baths of Pozzuolo. 
 
 FJi lotus ^ffregit quo port at Chrjftus Aver no 
 Etfan&os traxit lucidm inde Patres. 
 
 And another. 
 
 Vfl locus Aujiralit, qua Portam Chriflus Avtrni. 
 
 Fr git t et edtixit mortuos indefuos. 
 Twas alfo believed by the multitude of hot waters fpringing out 
 all over thofe quarters, that this Lake reached to a vein of the 
 infernal waters , and therefore called Palttde Achrrof'.t , the 
 Acheroniick^ Fenns , from which Maro disagrees not 3 when he 
 faies. 
 
 §uando hie infer ni janua regis. 
 
 Duitur, ettenebrofa Pains > Acheronterefiifo. 
 
 Though in truth this falfe opinion was augmented by the natural 
 quality of the places , and other circumftances; Co wit fome rare 
 and fhipendious miracles which have there come to paffe.Then as to 
 the Avernnt t know it lies in a low Valley, alraoft lurrounded by 
 
 - pggg. ', !?.!_!] 
 
 297 
 
zo8 
 
 The Hiftory of IT ALT, Part All. 
 
 high hills, clothed of old with thick and heavy Tiees capable to 
 keep out the wind. 
 
 Whence the Lake was not frequented by any , but emitting an, 
 un wholfume ful phurous (link ,it fo infefred the air above it ("by be-j 
 mg fo clofely befi ged by mountains and woods)that Birds flying o- 
 vei ii fell down dead : and thence twas named by the Latins Aver 
 »Hs t that is to fay,without Birds. Soalfomay wecollecl:fromL;'?y, 
 that in old time thisVale was a horrid place and efteemed altogether 
 inacceflable : for faith he, the Romans waging war 3gainft the Sam- 
 niti, the enemies (when the Romans put them to flight) by whole 
 Armies retreated into the Woods in the faid Vale, as to fecure 
 places. 
 
 But atrabo writes not fo of itinhistinre, butfaics, that then this 
 vale and nearer hills were delitious places, in refpect Augufius had 
 caufed ihe woods to be felled, and a free paflage opened to the air. 
 At prefent the Lake is full of fifhand warer-foul, nor hath itany 
 of thofe incommodities attributed to it by theantients. Yettis 
 true that not many ages fince, a vein of fulpburous peltilential wa 
 tergulhedoutof the bottome of the Lake, which fuddenly killed 
 a world of (Kb, their colour and fmell (being caft on the earth)con 
 firming that to be the caufe of their dea'h. Joannes Boccacciusin 
 his little traft of Lakes, faies he faw it with his own eyes in the time 
 of King 2J^-er/,about the yeeer 1380. * 4 
 
 The SybWCnmana was (he which gave JEneas free paflage into 
 hell,asP;rg;/faith3 (he was called Cnmana of theCity otCuma t (here 
 under treated of ) and was one of the twelve Sybils, all which 
 proj hefyed of Chrift though fomemoreobfeurely, yet two fo fully 
 that with fubmiffion I (hall here infer t fomewhatof their prophe 
 cies touching the Saviour of Mankind* 
 
 SJB1LLA CVMANA. 
 
 GRcat Rome (hall then look high. 
 Whofe proud Towers from feaven hills fhall brave the sky, 
 And overlook the world. In thofe bleft daies, 
 Shall come a King of Kings, and he fhall raife 
 A new Plantation .• and though greater far 
 Then all the Monarchs that before him are 
 In Majf fly and power j yet in that day 
 So vcif k ;-nd humble he (hall daign to pay 
 Tribute todefar : yet thrice happy he, 
 That ihall his fubjeft or his fervant be. 
 
 And 
 
■ » ■ ' "«■■' 
 
 Part III. 
 
 POZZVOLO. 
 
 -~--**v . 
 
 fo&Jrifofofom&fch&Jwm^^ 
 
 Andthc SIBILLAERITHRiEAa 
 
 tp this effe&. 
 
 He times by the great Oracle afiigned 
 
 When God himlelf in pity of mankind, 
 Shall from the heaven deicend and be incarnate, 
 Entringthe world a Lamb immaculate 3 
 And as himlt ! f,in wiid m thinks it meet, 
 Walk on the Earth on three and thirty feet. 
 And w»th fix fingers all his fubje&s then 
 Though a King mighty,fhall be Fifhermen, 
 In number twelve 5 with thefe war (hall be tridfi 
 Again It the Devil, world,and flefti ; their Pridej 
 Humility (hail quell, and the (harp fword 
 With which they fight, (hall be the facred word, 
 Eftablifh't upon Peter, which foundation 
 Oncelaied, fhallbcdivulg'dtoever/ Nation.* 
 
 At one fide of the Lake Averms is the Temple of Apollo, at the o 
 ther this sMIU C ttmana her Grott , which is very fpatious, having 
 at the end a magnificent afcent where the oracle (food, with rhe way 
 that led to Ctt/tta: Her bath yet (lands, and her Cham be js panted 
 inMofaickwoik* yet all under ground as mod of theaiorcfaid 
 Antiquities(except the Temples)arc. 
 
 33 feet dnsocc 
 yeers. 6 fin 
 gers 6 momtfts 
 
 cum a; 
 
 Leaving the Lake Avernu^yon find on the way among the ruines 
 of theCity enma^aow altogether undone & defertjgreat foun- 
 dations and ruines of Towers, Temples and Edifices of importance. 
 On the top of the mountain are yet the footfteps of a Temple of 
 Apollo, which in ;ts time was infinitely celebrated, and is taken no- 
 tice of by l* 7>g;/and Servius his Commentator. There is al'oan Arch 
 built with brick, now called Arco Felice, the happy Arch , of a fhir 
 pfnditusigh Vault, through which the antients wrought an even 
 wa s bt tween two heads of Mountains : C%ma was built by the Qbl- 
 adevjt a Grecian people of Negroponte, who being arived in thofe Seas 
 with their (hips,to leek out a Country for their habitation,firfi: lan- 
 ded in thofe near Iflands, called Pitherufa, which lye over againff 
 Campania, and were fo denominated from the multitude of Apes 
 thereon found: and afterwards taking courage they p tied over into 
 the Terra Fir ma, where they built this City Curna, calling her by this 
 __ _ Gggg 2 name 
 
 =rf* 
 
The HiOory oil! ALT, Part III. 
 
 ime either from one of their Captains fo called, or from the Pro- 
 curator in thole inaritimate Coafts, or from its good augury they 
 there met with,to wit a woman great with child the which confi r- 
 med them in their determination to dwell there , as Strabo DionyJL 
 ut and Livy relate .* for to all thefe fences Cuma in Greek,Cconfide- 
 ringitsfignifkationsjmaybe wellapplyed. 
 
 Thefe pfopie lived a long time governing their Republique with 
 prudence,and increafed fo much, that VozKHolo^aleopoli , and Naples 
 became part of their Colony : we read that the Curnani were under 
 Tyrants, before the Romans expelled their Kings, but this hap- 
 pened not through their being fubjugated by any, but becaufe they 
 chofe to themfelves a head and chief to obey , who after the Greek 
 ner, was called Tyranno, that is, Lord, one of which was Aru 
 fiodemo Malaco, ele&ed for his meer valour, as Livy and Dionyfius 
 Halicarnajfeus write: for that with a fmall party, he overcame a great 
 nnmber of Tnfcans^ Ombrians and Anfonians^ enemies of the Cuma- 
 «/, and flew with his own hand Arnnte t \he Son of Terjenxa, 
 theirCaptain. To which Arijiodemns fay the fame Authors 5 T^wy»7- 
 «/ Supcrbus ( expelled Rome ) fled for fafety, and by him being well 
 accepted, heeodedhisdaiesin<7»«?4. Afterwards the Cumani were 
 overcome and for fome time evilly intreated by the Campani , faies 
 Strabo-, but in fubfequent times there being no Forts ftrong enough 
 to refift the Rvmans, allthofe people were at one inftant of time re- 
 duced under the faid Romans, who fet a TrtfeB over the City cnma t 
 for that that people would too obftinately have fought for defence 
 of their Liberty. Afterwards that City run retrograde, looting its 
 {plenciour and inhabitants: for that the Romausby their greatnefle 
 mcf iiwig their pride, poflefled themfelves of all that Campania or 
 Count/y ereding therein their luxurious and moftfumptuous Pa- 
 iace\ w.ich nut only obfeured Cuma but all the adjacent Cities ; : 
 wnobeingbereavedof their Land, firftfayled of Inhabitants, and 
 at laft became defolate, yet Cuma was the laft of thofe Cities that 
 underwent this defolation jby reafon th at being built upon a moun- 
 tain, when the Roman Empire began to feel its tottering condition, 
 by the frequent inroads of the barbarous Nations into Italy , Cnma 
 for the commodity of its lite, was reduced into a FortielTe.- which 
 caufed Agathia Mireneus in his firft book of the Gothic^ wan, to fay , 
 hat Cuma in his time was very ftrong, almoft impregnable through 
 its Bi a nygrofTe Towers, wails and other fortifications; and that 
 fcuthis rtafon Totila and le)a Kings of the Coths t thither conveigh* 
 fcd their Treafure, as to a fafe and fecure place,together with their 
 molt eftimabhe and deareft things : however Narfetes the Legate of 
 ^ujiinian the Emperor , after a long fledge made himfelf Lord 
 or.it 
 
 /But at prefent nought hereof remains , fave only immenfe ruines, 
 foundations and profound Ditches cut into the hard ftonyrock 
 -with Chifels. In the departure from Cuma, you often fall upon par- 
 -ceh of the Via Domitiaxa^now interr upted in many places^and great 
 Ruinesof a ftcne Bridge, rai kd over the Volturmis. Domitianaxx 
 led this waytofoemade, beginning from the VjaAppia, between 
 A'.'sJwfra and SinveJ/a t and fo leading to Cuma: StdtiusTapir,ius\x\ 
 ifle hendevjjillibi , or verfes of eleven fiUables, makes mention of 
 
 Cnma 
 
MISENO. 
 
 jPartllL 
 
 \Cttma a the above named bridge, and a triumphal Arch of Marble 
 (placed on the fame way : whereof no fragments are now to be 
 found. 
 
 L1NTERN0. 
 
 And why now called the Tower of the Countrey. 
 
 ON the left hand of the Via Vomitiana lye vaft mines of the old 
 City Linternnm i of old a Colony of the Romans., fo in the m:dft 
 of that twas called the Tower of theC< untrty Campania^ whu h 
 name it feemstohave acquired from the pLcesold lucceile, and 
 was ennobled by the remainder of dayes which Scipio A$ricams the 
 Greater fpent there , after his voluntary ban Mhmeni from hisCoun- 
 trey Rome. Who being ill treated by his Citizens, whom w'.th their 
 goods and eftatcs he had defended fr>m their Enemies, and made 
 them Lords of Spam and Affric^ in difdain of fo great in* 
 gratitude, retired himfelf to his own Palace in this place, that he 
 might deprive his Countrey ot himfelf living, &of hisafiiffance,by 
 this means dealing with her as moft ingratefull.- after his death com- 
 manding his b »d y to be there entered.exprtCy forbidding his bones 
 tobetranfporred to Rome , as L ivy, Strabo } Valerius Maximus^Stneca 
 and many others relate . Thny faith further in the laft Chapter of the 
 fixteenth book of his natural Hifto'y, that even to his t me 
 they found in Linternum of 'he Olive trees planted by Scipio Affnca- 
 tius, and a mirtle of a notable largeneffe under which was a C^ve in- 
 habited bv a Dragon the guardian of icip.oes Scu\-> from which fa- 
 ble arofc this other 5 whioh thelnhabicants teil of the Monte /Utajficofo 
 renowned for the wines i t produced , to wit tha: iri a certain < ave 
 on the faid mountain lay a Dragon, who flew and devour, d all fuch 
 as approached to him 5 and that twas therefore called Monte Dragone 
 and the Caftle ftanding thereon is called La Rocca di Monte Dragone. 
 Iu thefe quarters is a fpring or fountain of which was wont to be 
 fharpor lower waterand as twas faid would intoxicate: but now 
 it hath the tail of fweet and pure water, and ha'h not the faid effed 
 of inebriating, but when drunk cures the head -ache. 
 
 mmmiMmMmmm$m$$m. 
 
 SINOPEor SINVESSA 
 
 llNder the CafrJe Dragone (rood the antient City Sinope, firft a 
 ^"■Colony of the Greeks , and afterwards nude a Colony 
 by the rvo nans, calling it Sinvefl*^ when they alfo made Mint nr- 
 
 H h h h nun* 
 
 207 
 
£Vj , _ JTheHiftory oilTALT, Part AllJ 
 
 \ imm a near City another Colony, by occafionot rne warr they hadil 
 j againft theSamnitijn the four hundied fifty feventh yeer &(tcr KoWeA 
 foundation, Jppius Claudius,, and L. Voltumwbtiwv Confuls,thei 
 latter the fecond time, as Livitts relates, or the following yeei when 
 rirrhus begin to reign ,as Velleius Vaterculus will have i'. 
 
 Vaft mines of this City lye difperft on every fide therejmt chief- 
 ly towards the Sea, where the footftep? of alarge poitaifo appear, 
 Twas a renowned City,havinga healthfull air, and fome falutiferous 
 hot fountains, for which the Poet Silm ft ■lcsS/»* , e^/lukewarme: 
 thefe fountains are now denominated Bagni Gawimi^ but Tacitus 
 calls them Sinvejfm waters , laying in the i ah book of his Annals, 
 that Claudius the Emperor being reftored to his (ei.ces, caued hiui- 
 felf to be conveighed to Sinvejja for recovering hts health , hoping 
 and depending much on tbegoodneile of the aire and the benefit 
 of the Sinvpjfian waters , when f is wife Agrippina had prepa;ed tor 
 him thofe poToned mulhrooms which himfelf and his Son Brit* 
 tanicusezt. Th\s Agrippina was Daughter ot the noble Germanicus 
 Sifter to Caligula, and by him abuled, fhe was firft married to Do 
 mitius by whom fhe had Ntro, afterwards to Claudius whom with his 
 Son as aforefaid fhe poifoned , tha« her Son Nero nvght be £mperor ? 
 But her falfhood^abomination 8{ cruelty was not unpuni'iht by that 
 Son,who though he had joined her in equal authority with himfelf, 
 and carnally known her as fome fupp>fe, yet c ufed hertobemoft 
 cruelly (lain, after fundry attempts to do it privately and with leaf! 
 trouble and pain to her. Tacitus faies furtr er in the firft book (fpea 
 king of the hiftories of his time ) That Oxojnus i igillmus one of the 
 principal aftors of Nero the Emperours mifdeeds , had thewezej 
 pipe of his throat cut near the waters of Sinvejja i whilftdifporting 
 himlelf among his Concubines he leaft thought of any fuch 
 thing-. 
 
 M1NTVKNE 
 
 he River Garigliano being pafTed, wherein the Scille or Seafhrimp 
 or prauns are taken, a fweet little fifh held very delitiousbyj 
 the Romans , you may fee the reliques of Minturn& , of old a moftl 
 flouriihinp Colony ot the Romans*, and among them the footfteps of 
 vaft publique and Private Fabricks, fome defpoiled of the muible| 
 which embeliifhed them , and fome entire. As a very fumptuouij 
 Aqueducf, a Theatre with its Semes and all other neceiTary parts, 
 a work alter the antient way of building but folid } An Amphithea- 
 tre with its accomodation for fit ting,one feat above another,but de- 
 fpoiled of its marble,wherwi;h for ought appears,the CS\?lra)etto 
 finding on the neighbouring hill hath been adorned and fmified, 
 which Amphitheater is now ufed as an inclofed pafturagc for guats 
 and fheep Therein lye great footfteps ot Walls and Towers 5 greaf 
 arches over gates,and vaft foundations of edifices^ from whence we 
 
 eafily ! 
 
iPart III. 
 
 MINTVRNE. 
 
 eafily colled, fhe hath a been potent and noble City. 
 
 This place hath acquired an • illuftrious fame alfo from that great 
 vicrory,which the Chnftians there obtained againft the Saracens and 
 Infidels, under the Captains of theChnftian Army,Pope^«the 10 
 and Albcricus Marqucfs of Jnfcany^hen all Italy was delivered from 
 thatcurfed people, except Monte Garganff^whithcr fuch as could c- 
 fcape 3 fled and pofleffed it a long time after, robbing both by lea and 
 land. 
 
 At the mouth of the river Garigliano, was the facred wood, where 
 the M'»turneje > honoured the Nymph or Goddeffe Marica the wife 
 of F annus, to whom on the banks they built a proud Temple, 
 whereof nought now remains, no more then of the honourable City 
 Venijia , or of Aufonia a moft noble City,which was fo named of A»- 
 yi>«theSonot Vl'jjes and Calypfo t which City afterwards gave name 
 to all Italy , over all which it alfo Lorded .* which Cities flood in 
 thofe parts along the aforefaid river. 
 
 LE fALVDl MINTVRNESI. 
 
 THe adjacent Fenns now Medows called Mintnrneji, are famous 
 for that they reduce to memory a notable example of the va- 
 rious changes of Fortune : which was that C. Matins who had been 
 feaven times Conful , and had feaven times triumphed , had the 
 good hap to abfeond himfelf therein for faviighisliies where not 
 witbftanding he was fcund by a Frenchman an Enemy , but one that 
 had not she boldneilc to offend him , being terrified and put to fear 
 by the M^jeftick afpect s and noble prefence of that great man. 
 Whence Manns ( having reached a fhip ) palled into Affric^ where- 
 of Juvenal (peak* concilely in thefe words. 
 
 Exilinm 9 &carcer, Minturnarumque p alludes t 
 Et mendicatus viCia Carthagine pants. 
 
 
 FORM J A. 
 
 Thence the Via Appia leads by Hercoleana to Formia 3 which way is 
 very pleafant 9 bur the Caftle Mola now ftands near if not in the 
 place where For mi a of old ftood t, Mola takes its name from the many 
 jMills grinding in that quarter, by reafonofthe quantity of water. 
 ITheCountrcy is fuch,that a more delicious cannot be fancied, wher- 
 f ore Martial faies. H h h h 2 q 
 
00 
 
 The HiHory of f T ALT, Part Hi, 
 
 temper aU duke Formia littus ! 
 
 And a little after follows. 
 
 HicfumtttA legijiringitur Thefts vento. 
 Hec langnet aquor, viva fed quits Pontic 
 
 Volat err annus and others well skilled believe, that here was the 
 Villa t orfuiana, appertaining to Cicero , famous for his daughter there, 
 which op nioncann.'>t well be contradicted, becaufe the Epitaphs, 
 infcriptu ns,Bc reliquesof antiquity, onthe Appia and near Towns, 
 deinonftrate that the City Formia was there , but chiefly thefe 
 words to be read on the bafts of aStatue ( in that place) fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 Imp. Ca[ari Divi 
 
 Uadriani Filio Divi 
 Trajani. Parthici. Hep. 
 Divi. Nerva. rronepotU 
 Tito Mlio. Hadriano 
 Anton i no. Aug. Pio. Pottt. 
 Max. lr. Pont. XI. Cos. Ill, II. p % p. 
 Formiani. Publice. 
 
 Straio i Pliny i Solinus and other hiftorians concurring fay, that the 
 Lacedemonians buiJt Formia in the antient Territories of the Lefiri- 
 goni^nd the efore Silius It aliens calls it the houfe of Antifata, becaufe 
 there Antifata the Son of Janus and Nephew of Reptnne ruled over 
 the Lefingoni, and firft called it Hormia which in their Language fig- 
 nified a com odious port, which that was. The Lacedemonians were 
 afterwards fubjugated by the Campaui i and they by tht lomans^v/ho 
 reduced that with Capua into the form of a Prefecture, yet leaving 
 Formia in Liberty, or free.and makinp her participate' ot the Reman 
 honour* for fome?ime as Livius in his 33 book: at laft in the civil 
 •.va^r*, Formia was made a Roman Colony, and reduced with many 
 others in Italy, into Caftles and Forts as Frontinus faies, by the Tri- 
 ««ww/c, c<e(ar 9 Antcnius % and Ltpidus. Twas moft flourishing in 
 J the time 01 the Emperors through the goodnefle of the air it in joy- 
 ed i as Horace partial and other authors worthy credit relate, 
 which may alfo be conjectured from the more ncble flruclures now 
 extant. In the end the Saracens deft oyedit, withmany other Ci- 
 ties mCampania or the Terra di Lav oro, when Pope Gregory the 4th. 
 tranflated the Fpificpacy to Gaieta. And thus then purfueth the Via 
 Appia leading to Fondi. 
 
/ParcIlL 
 
 VELLETRL 
 
 ithchxh MiiTi ?.Gi jih h?* hjifo Mi hfo hJtii .-.cfr 5a & j-«ch:ftcriCid3?.di£ exf:* 
 
 VELLETRL 
 
 VElktri was an antient and potent Gaftleof the Volfci, whereof 
 the Reman hiftories frequently f peak: Livitts and DionyJins Hal. 
 iicamaffeus lay ths.t Velletri was beficged and enforced to yeild to 
 Aneus Martins King o( the Romins: ar,d Livy adds further,th at twas 
 feverely chaltifed by the Romans {ox its frequent rebellions, whefre- 
 fore the walls were levelled, and the richer fort of Velletri (ent to 
 dwell beyond the lyber , with penalty of imprifonement to who- 
 foever fhould fet foot on this fide Tiber within a mile of Felletri. This 
 Caille was alfo made a Colony of the Romans ^ and many times re- 
 plenifht with new Inhabitants lent thither from fto/we, becaufe the 
 old (in the many warrs made on thofe confines) became impotent 
 and much decreafed as Livy affirms, Frontinus in hi- Fragment* faies, 
 that he finds many people by precept uf the Sempronian Law , to 
 have been at (undry times fent from Rome to Velletri, and that after- 
 wards Claudius Cajar , made it a Military Colony, dividing his own 
 Territory among the Souldiers. Twas renowned, becaufe the An- 
 cestors of L£la> • AHgHjtxr were of old Inhabitants in it , that is the 
 Offavian Family , and the fame Augustus had a certain n ble Seat of 
 his own there, from whence faies Suetonius, he caufed many things 
 neceflary lor fuftenance and livelyhood to be conveighed- 
 
 Yet now remain very few marks of the old Fabricks,notwithfhn 
 din* that tis yet a great and well inhabited Caftle. It hath a lovely 
 Territory reph nilht with gardens and Palaces through its vicinity 
 with Rome, Pliny m his 14th. book reckons the wine of Velletri , 
 among the moft generous, but it is not now in that credit, being fo 
 crude at prelent, that thev are fain to boyle it in a caldron, to make 
 h drinkable." wherefore Tliny well obferves , that even the Earth 
 hath its age and decays as have all other things. 
 
 In the voyigeprefent themfeiv^s to view 3 L</»«t»/«/sor L 'vuvia, a 
 place famous for ths Temple there dedicited to juno So/pita. The 
 R'Ccm or Agritia built by the Sicilians, afterwards made the Seate of| 
 Alba Long* . The mountain fo much fpoken of for the Temple con- 
 1 fecrated to 'jtip.ter, and the Latines Feaft daies there celebrated. 
 Some Lakes which lye under it. The Hilt Albano fo fatal to the Ve- 
 jenti. The Ncmorcje famous tor the barbarous fac rificcs there per 
 ; formed to Diana Taitrica, and Hippolitut Vrbitt;, In fum all that tracl: 
 'df Laod is worthv contemplation for the many records taken of it 
 among writers. The frequent ruinesof great Fabricks lying up and 
 down the Ceuntrey Tufeulanurt, where Cicero,Varro, and divera other 
 noble Romans had their Palaces, deferve due consideration : as do 
 the Countrey feats of the ttnn Cardinals, and aboveallthe fair 
 , Villi of Frcf~caii,a. pLsce deputed to *he Popes recreation .• The Ter- 
 ritory of Frefcatiy was the antient deliqht of the Romans, and conti- 
 
 Iiii nues 
 
TheHiftory of I T ALT, Part IK 
 
 nues now of fuch ravifriing delights, as tis fitter for the Gods to inha- 
 bit then men. fuch is the quantity of trees the quality of verts al waies 
 fiouriQiingj the murmuring of Fountains and the like. 
 
 dicfitfj daffitfa&a} 3j3w.0J E^5Sm*33^3jl3a3i»«d3^.3i^ £ 5 v^J&moS&nj; 
 
 FELESTINA. 
 
 VPon a mountain on the right hand ft ands Telefirina the Antient 
 Seat of the A borigini^ people who firft pofTeffed the Country 
 about Rome, living abroad without houfes: of the original of this 
 City is no certain knowledge to be had, being loft through its an- 
 tiquity , but thereof divers are the opinions. Virgil in his feaventh 
 (by authority of the Chronicles of the Frenejiinf){d\ts- that C&culus 
 the Son of vulcan founded it.-whofe mother fitting by the fire fide a 
 fpark happened to light into her lap, by which (he faid (he was con- 
 ceived with Childe : when her full time was come (he was deliver- 
 ed of a Son, whom becaufe he had very fmall eyes, (he called C<ecu- 
 lur. Of him the noble Family of Cecilians in Rome would need have 
 their beginning deriving, their Original from him as their firft 
 ftock. 
 
 Solinut by authority of Zenodotus faies that twas built by Tr£neftns 
 the Son of Latinm and Nephew of Vltjjes : platarkjn his pj rallels by 
 authority of Arijiotleia the third of Italian things faies, that 'Telogonus 
 the Son of ZM^m- by Circe the witch, after he had built \ tfulum , by 
 advifement of the Oracle called it Prene/ie from the name of the 
 Crowns wherewith he firft faw the Inhabitants^ the Country to 
 daunce : but be it as fome fay from the faid Traneftm or as others 
 will from the fcituation of the place , a little pendent, or as others 
 from the fcites being fo high , tis indifferent, (ince the name Frenejh 
 will eafily accommodate it felf to all or either of thefe re-; 
 fpe&s. 
 
 Yet the more rational opinion for the name , feems to be derived 
 from the Crowns aforementioned , not only for the aforefaid caufe 
 but alfo for that in that city there ftood a moft noble Temple of For* 
 tune, famous for thofe diviners by Lots , whoexercifedthemfelves 
 in thatfuperftition: and was therefore vifited with many Crowns 
 offered to the (aid Goddeffe by vow." of which Temple fome frag-, 
 ments yet remain, and a few years (ince, were there found divers 
 figures of Fortune, in braffe, brick, marble and other materials,as al- 
 fo feveral Crowns, and divers medals, upon wh ch were figured the 
 various lots, fortunes, and chances, with their marks, fignes, and 
 letters. 
 
 Ink alfo hung divers Tablets and other things offered by vow 
 to Fortune , Jcve , Hope, and to xheCapud;K/ y which thing? would 
 take up tojmuch room to recite, yet one Epigram will not be too 
 icnpertinent,fince fo eminently infenbed on a marble bafis,dedicate 
 in that Temple byT. Cajtus Tauriwts^w'nh. thefiguieofr.ee/wthe 
 
 firft 
 
Part III. 
 
 PKENESTE. 
 
 firft his Father,themoft famous Merchant of Corn, who ufed every 
 yeer to prefent a hundred Crowns by vow.On the faid Bifis are car- 
 ved two meafures, called Modii, half buftiels filled with ears of corn, 
 on the fides are fome little pillers crowned with ears of corn, and in 
 the middle is the en fuing Epigram. 
 
 7», qu<eTarpeio colcris vicinaTonanti^ 
 Votorum vindex femper Fortuna meorum 
 Aecipe t qu<e pietas ponit tibi dona mercnti t 
 EJfigiem nojtri eonjervatura Parentis. 
 Cujus ne taceat memorandum littera nomen 
 Cejius hie idemqueritns Trimufquevocatur 
 gui larg£ Cererismejjes, fru&nfque renatos 
 Digerit in pretium cui conjia t famafldefque, 
 Et qui divitias vincit i Tudor ille perillos. 
 Confuetus portus curajiudioquelaboris 
 Littora. qui prajiant fejfis tutijfima niutis. 
 Notur in urbefacra, not us quoquejjnibus illis 
 guosVmberJltlcarefoletflHaf Tttjais arator 
 Omnibus his annis votorum more fuorum 
 . Centenas addit tiumero crefente ceronas 
 Fortume fimulacra coleris, & Apollinis ar&s 
 Mgeriumque govern t quoruum co nfentit in illo 
 Majejtas long* promit.ens tempora vita 
 Accipepoftaitas quedpoji tuafecuUnarres. 
 Taurims cart )uj]us pietate parentis 
 Uocpojuit donum, quod nee fententia mortis 
 Vincere, necpoterit fatorumfumma Toteftas > 
 Sed Fopulifal-vojemper rnmore manebit. 
 
 Cicero declares in his fecond Book de Divinatiotte , by extraction 
 out of the Bov-ks of the faid people Prenejiini, how the obfervati* 
 on of Chances Lots or Fortunes came t o have its beginning in that 
 1 * City : faying, that a certain nobleman of Peleftrin* named suffucius 
 by frequent advices and menaces which he had in his dreams, was 
 commanded to break out of a certain place a great flint (tone, wher- 
 at all the other Citizens his Compatriots fell a laughing, but when 
 the ftone was broke, the Lots orChauncesfuddenly leaped forth 
 engraven in antient Letters, which occasioned their honouring of 
 Fortune in that place: and thence became the place by little and lit- 
 tle enclofed and (hut up through refpect of the Image of Jupiter 
 Uhete devoutly adored by the Matrons , in form of a boy childe fit- 
 jting with Juno in the lap of Fortune ■> in a pofiureasfeekmgout the 
 ^breaftand teat .■ and that at the fame time,after the Temple of For- 
 tune was built, there dropped honey from an olive tree, wherewith 
 by commandement of the Southfayers was made a cheft,and therein 
 thofe Lottswere rcpofed, the which were mingled and drawn 
 out by a litle boyes hand when ever they would fee the iflue of any 
 thing ; as Fortuneh&d at large dire&ed her intention to b?,that after 
 this manner they mould draw out the Lots. 
 
 ! This obfervation was moftantient,and fuch as affirm L. Sylla to 
 •be the builder of this Temple deceive themfelves. Which errour 
 : I i i i i they 
 
ti TheHiiloryof IT ALT, Pare 111, 
 
 rhey took up from their reading the thirty fixth bookot F//?y,who 
 doth not fay L.Sjlla built thatTemple but that he began to make its 
 pavement with fmallfrones of various colours in fmallfigures s cf wl h - 
 pa vemerit thus wrought, fomeyeers fince certain parti weie found 
 under ground, and therein figured many iorrein creatures with ihtir 
 names in greek. 
 
 It may then be rationally believed that L. Sylla being vi&orious in 
 the civil warrs,aher he had enforced C.Marim the younger to dye,and 
 his other enemjes who had faved thcmfelves in Trenejie , after a 
 long fiege took the City, killing fome part and felling others of 
 the Citizens.but repenting afterwards his lmpietie exprelied againft 
 the fac red places, for expiation ot that crime, herefolved to re- 
 ftore and embelliih anew the Temple profaned and a'moft wholly 
 deftroyed by him. It feems a notable advife and tbfervation tome, 
 that the ftren,ith of thefciteof this City hathoccafioned itsown 
 defrrudtion, which hatji had a much contrary event in all other 
 ftrong holds. The caufe whereof is attributed to the iflured confi- 
 dence of the ffrength of the place, for which caufe in the civil 
 warrs the weaker part ordinarily fled thither for fafety:but their ene« 
 mies being ftror ger and more potent immediately layed fiege to it,lo 
 that at the end it they furrendred not thcmfelves the befiegers ruin- 
 ed the poor City.- whence we read that in the following times of ci. 
 vil difcord the rdejlrini that they might not undergoe fogreatmi- 
 fery as formerly they had done 8 aban dontd their City and retired 
 to their dwellings. 
 
 To this day appear there many fubterranean waiesfromtheCaflle 
 to the foot of the adjacent mountains, (befides the Caves ufed as 
 confervatories for water) which were made for introducirg of affi- 
 ftanec, or to flytheCity occultly.* into one of which C. Marius 
 the younger having withdrawn him felt , and perceiving himfelfto 
 be befeiged on all fides , fo that he could not fly, that he might not 
 living fall into the hands of his enemies , agreed with Telenms id 
 run one againft the other with their naked fwords fo tokillthem T 
 [felvcs: by which means Telejinus was flain , but MVrius remained 
 alive thorugh defperatly wounded , and foon after csufed cne 
 of his Se vantsto make an end of his then begun death, by kil 
 ling him. From which fucceffes, the Inhabitants of the place be- 
 lieve the (tones of thofe fubtertanean waies to be frill red- 
 I'difh wirh the bloud fpilt there ; which yet is cot fo, forever all 
 thofe hills are flones red by nature, and not through any accident 
 of blood fpilt thereon. 
 
 IVewe/rVwjsfirfta free City and confederate with the Romans,ha* 
 ving Us own Tr£tor as Livy and Fcjim declare calling her Municipal. 
 Appi.Diut faies that the Trenejiini at the time of the Italian war were 
 made Citizens of Rome with the liburtim 5 but feme time after L. 
 Sylla, victorious ("as Cicero , fpeaks, in Catalives cenfpiracy j having 
 emptied this Cify by Daughters and banifhments, and deprived hei I 
 of inhabitants by the many expulfions,i]aughters and b;inifhiEfnts| 
 he made of them, there remained lofew inhabitants that he fentj 
 of the Rowans to dwell there, dividing its Territory among the; 
 new corner*;, and thus made it a Roman Colony. AhIhs Gelhus faies in* 
 I the third Chapter of his 16. bock that afterwards the Trtnejiini ob- 
 tain- 
 
Part III, 
 
 PKENESTE. 
 
 109 
 
 tained of Tiberius Augttjlits a reftoration to their firft ftate, that i 
 is into the condition of free Citizens, having the form of a Colo- [ 
 ny wholly amoved from their City„ 
 
 &jfoTi$x}ij*tfi}M* time d.<h hj.Gio oitfa ^u&}fc<na.!fjV.fo<hfotjia.ai(hij'i i.ih h 
 
 tlFOLL 
 
 WHen arrived at Tivoli } firft go Tec thofe gardens which Hjppo- 
 litus Ejienfe Cardinal of Ferrara, planted with lo much coft 
 many yeers lince upon the back of the mountain, together with a 
 proud Pallace, which alfoisbeautifyed with old ftatues, PiQures 
 and royal houfholdft uffe , even to the emulation of the greatnefs 
 and magnificence of the Antients. 
 
 But who is able with fufficiency ever to difplay in words the ex- 
 quifitedelights,cofts&pleafure,wherewith this place and palace is 
 plentifully furnifhed? and who fhall relate the Labyrinths, the 
 Groves, the half circles, the triumphant Arches, the Arches laden 
 with old ftatues, the Caverns of the Nymphs , and the innumera- 
 ble fountains which every where fprout forth waters, the clofe 
 walkes, and beautifull arbours covered with trees,hcrbs,and tender 
 branches and other like verts. 
 
 Vbertns Folieta of Genouj, heretofore defcribed it moftgratioufly, 
 But Corona. Tighib cannnot fatiate himfelf with praifing of it , who 
 published descriptions of that Palace and the gardens in Rome 
 ftamped from brafle cuts,the view whereof in my opinion may draw 
 as many perfons to behold it, as Rome doth with all its wonders '. 
 Although we have fcarce courage enough , y&conformable to that 
 publifhed Table will we curforily defcribc it,for fatisfa&ion of fuch 
 as have not had the good fortune to fee them, or at leaft their j 
 draught in pi&ure. Firft then the Hill is levelled at top, and 
 upon the plain thereon is erefted the Palace, built of fquare ftones 
 with the grandure and magnificence of a Royal palace s and with ex- 
 quifiteartand proportion. 
 
 On the right hand whereof lieenclofed gardens, called secret^ 
 and therein fixtecn great marble Goblets emit clear waters, in the 
 midft whereof Gtsi'jatiusghtadrifroKf, with four faces, higher fai- 
 fed then thofe goblets, which makes four other fountains adorned 
 like looking glaflesrand on the right hand a Tennis Court 5 and other 
 fumptuous places for exercife. The forefront hath between the win- 
 dows many old ftatues of Marble, as hath thefirftPorticue, from 
 which lead two fair ftoneftaire- cafes tip into the palaces. 
 Before this Porticuc in the midft of a Piazza ftands a Led .r, which 
 j Leda was wife of Tyndxrus King of Laconia with- whom as Poets 
 K e 'g n Jupiter accompanying , (be brought forth twoeggs, of the 
 'one whereof came Pollux artd H#V,.'.(ravi(hed by Paris) ot the other 
 I Cafior and dytemneflra. Thence the hill (a pleafarit dfcfcent) is re'du- 
 ' ced into four long PiazzaeS;and fo levelled contains before thefroru | 
 
 K k k k of! 
 
:i o 
 
 The Hiitory of IT ALT, Pare III. 
 
 of the palace four great an dfpatious gardens, into each of which 
 at each end and in the middle,three pair offtone flairs ( artificially 
 compofed)conducrbyafacile defcent, whofe fides are bathed by 
 divers purling ftreams, running towards their Lakes. Every 
 garden is divided in its orders j hath places to (it in, and fair col- 
 lumnes ere&ed in divers parts,fo that luch as go walking from one 
 part to another, through places and paffages covered over with 
 leaves and vines, and other verts alwaies flourifhing, enjoyamoft 
 beautiful! profpedt and no lets fweet odours from the circumjacent 
 flowers which makeapompoUs (hew. In the appartments growes 
 rreih grade, which with the flowers by their variety wonderfully 
 entertain the eye and fancy of whoever regard them , nor can any 
 fatiatehimfelfintheviewof thofe infinite and wonderfull ftatues, 
 pillars, Fountains and other objects there prefenting them- 
 felves. 
 
 The paffage from the Piazza before the Palace on the right hand 
 leads through divers walks, trees and fmall groves, wherein are 
 placed feveral Fountains , as that cfcTothyde, that of JEfchlapius^ 
 ; hat of Nigga, that of Aretnfa i and Pandora > and that of Pomona 
 and Flora. In the defcent into the firft garden, (hews it felf the Co' 
 lojfusoiPegafus in Pamojf^z. horfc feigned to have wings,under whofe 
 (hadow a fair Fountain cafteth up her waters very high; and in the 
 wood & rocks is a Cavern,and near them a ftatue of VenusSz. Bacchus: 
 near w cl >- is a Lake,into which force rivolets run among rocks with a 
 murmuring noife between two ColoJJus , one of the SibillaTiburtina t 
 the other of Aleticerta the fon of Atbamas and Ino r whom the Gen 
 tiles did honour for one of the Gods of th- Sea.Below which lye the 
 ftatues of the Rivers Ankne 3 and Hercnlano^ conjoined to certain! 
 veffels out of which fome waters run into the Lake, asalfooutof 
 the Urns, round which ftand ten Nymphs. In the midft are two 
 Grotts, the one of the sihilla Tiburtina i the other of Diana the God- 
 defleof the woods ,4fcoth which are adorned with fountains, fta- 
 tues, Curral, mother of Pearl, and a pavement exactly wrought 
 with mofaick work. On the other fide of the garden you have a 
 fairprofpeetofittfweinafemicircle, round which appear hermoft 
 memorable Fabricksj and in the midftfits Rontein the habit of a war- 
 like GoddolTe, between her feaven hills.-this ftatue is of marble^ big- 
 ger then a man, in fhapeof a Virgin in a ftiort girt coat, with 
 naked hands, military buskins, and a fword hanging in a belt from 
 the right fhoulder. Her head is covered with amurrion, in her 
 right hand (he holds a fpear, in the left a fhield.- fhe fits as afore- 
 faid in the midft of her wonders in the City and on every fideap» 
 pear her facred Fabricks, as the Pantheon^ the C a pitolian Temples, 
 the Circs, the Theatres, the Amphitheatres, theGollumnes, the 
 Obelisks, the Afaufeoli t the Arches Triumphant, the Pyramides, the 
 Acquedudts, the Baths, the River 7)ber y with the wolfand Twin 
 Brothers pouring water into the City out of an urn, in the midft 
 of which running waters,rifeth anlfland cut in the (hape of a (hip 
 which bears on the main yard an Obelisk , and the (hip feems to be 
 laden with thefe four Temples, the Temple of MfcnUpius in the 
 poope, and thofe of Jupiter, Berecinta and Faujiut, it beares in the 
 Iprow. 
 J Thence 
 
iPart III. 
 
 T IV OLE. 
 
 Thence defcending to the lowergarden, youfindonthe left 
 hand in a ferny circle called the great, a green grove, placed be- 
 tween certain Rocks amid which run fountains this may be cal- 
 led the refidence tor birds : for on the arms of the trees you fee ma • 
 ny images of little birds finging more fweetly then the natural, who 
 clap their wings as if aliye, receiving their motion from the aire 
 and the waters with miraculous artifice , by means of certain little 
 reeds hid in the armes of the trees : fometimes to pleafe the fpecf a* 
 tors, they will make a fcreech owle to appear , and then on a fud- 
 dain as if the birds were fenfibleof fear, they are all filent,but that 
 again withdrawn, in an inftant they all begin their notes andfing 
 moft melodioufly. 
 
 In the middle of this garden is a round ftanding water Lake s and 
 in it a capacious vefiel and a fountain named from the Dragons , 
 which vomit out of their throats great (tore of waters, having trum- 
 pets in their hands which alfo emit plentifull waters , with a horrid 
 noife imitating the found of the trumpet. On the right hand lies 
 the Grotto of Nature adorned with many ftatues,andin it an Organ 
 with fair pipes, the which perform an harmonious confort of vari° 
 ousand artificial mufick, by the motion of the waters. 
 
 The next garden is not only beautify ed by the fair fountains, but 
 by the quantity of Swans , and fifti prcferved in their feveral (rati- 
 ons feparated with rare artifice. In the three greater fountains are 
 certain Beacons, called Sudanti, and other boundaries round them , 
 which caff water very high in fuch quantities } that in their fall they 
 Ifeem natural ihowers, refrefhing the air, and cooling the earth \ 
 making noife of waters in their f ali,as if the winds were high,fprin- 
 kling and wafhingata, good diftance. In themidftof thefecon- 
 ferves you fee the effigies of the great Father Oceanus placed in a fe- 
 micircle like a Theatre, and in the middle thereof a marble chari- 
 ot like that of the Venus Alarina^tawn by foureSea horfes.,on which 
 fits a great Neptune-fecaxmg to threaten withhis Trident. 
 
 Laft ly defcending into the laft garden near the rock, you find in 
 one part a Fountain of Triton 9 and on the other a Fountain of Ve~ 
 nut clonina^ and in the reft of .the level befides the Pefcheries , 
 four Labyrinths difficult enough for any one to get out of thats once 
 in, placedoneby another infoure compartments amidfr forreign 
 plants. The entrance and outlet of thefegardens,are embellifht with 
 great Fabricks builcof Tiburtine Rone, with great expence- Thusj 
 much concerning the Villa of T/voli, of Cardinal Hippolito E I 
 flenfe. | 
 
 The noble fepulchreof Cardinal Hippolitodu Ffa in the Church! 
 will recompence your pains in the' fight cf it, being compofed withj 
 marble of various colours , on itftands a great white marble ftatue j 
 of the laid Cardinal of great coft and fair appearance. The Caftle 
 alfo affords many worthy objects, but what is more confiderable,is 
 the precipitous defcent of the River, which falls with fuch noife 
 and fury from high cliffs of mountains , that for the moft part its 
 vapours render the airfoggie, and many times at a diftance there 
 feemtobang celeftial rainbowes, cloudes being at moft times over 
 it. This River infamed by the writings of the antient, takes its rife| 
 at the mountain of the Trebani , and runs into three noble Lakes, j 
 
 Kkkk 2 which 
 
 3II 
 
M 
 
 TheHiftory of PTaL T, Part 1 If! 
 
 which give name to the adjacent caltle, called Sublaco:whichLake 
 Tacitttsfeems to call Sjmbrivinifoymg in the 14th. Book of hisAnnals j 
 that near them flood the Villa Sublacenje of Nerd in the confines at- 
 Tivoli , from which Lakes the Anier.e running afterward through' 
 woods and mountains, falls at laff in the plain near Tivoli Jiiom high 
 fronts, with fury and noife, then it gees fome (pace under ground,, 
 and at the foot of the mountain returns all again above ground, it 
 runs through the three fulphurious veins, called Albule ) from the in 
 white colour. Tisfaid,and strabo confirms the water there to be; 
 medicinal in drinking or Bathing, and pliny writes that they heal; 
 the wounded. Nor dues the Albule only but alfo the Albunea nbov^ 
 TiW/ consolidate wounds. Regarding the Campania of 7/W/,about' 
 the Aniene you will find huge (tones encreafed by little and .little in 
 long time by vertueof the waters running by, and in thebottome 
 of Lakes there you'l find of hard flones generated by the fame 
 means. 
 
 In this confine are many footfteps of old edifices worthy contem- 
 plation •' Tivoli having been a molt noble City , and well 
 Inhabited through the beauty of its fcite , the goodneffe 
 of its foyle, and the falubrity of the aire : which made it be 
 furrounded with the fair Villa's, and Lordly lioufesof therich 
 perfohsof that Country, althoughnow likeitawe, and all Ifa(y al- 
 io it lies wafte and ruinated by the various warrs andfuccefles 
 which have deftroyed it. Tis certain that Greeks were the builders 
 of this City,but who they were is not certain,the writers of the Ita- 
 lian antiquities not agreeing herein :yet the greater part fay thatta- 
 tillo was its founder, who fome fay was of Arcadia, and Captain of 
 Evanders Navy. Others affirm Argivus the fon oiAmfiardo the South- 
 fayer, after the prodigious death of his Father near Thebes^ came by 
 command of the oracle with his family and Gods (long before the 
 Trojane warrj into Italy: and by the affiftance of the E»otri t Abort, 
 geni, drove the Skull Out of that place, naming the Cattle taken 
 from them Tibnre, from his eldeft fon s name. Nor does Pliny much 
 difagree from this , though he does not wholly agree with it .- for; 
 in the i6thof his natural Hiftory writing of the ages of Trees he 
 faies, that in his time there ftood 3 Holme Trees by Tivoli t near to 
 which Tiburtio the builder of thatGaftle, had received augure to 
 build it. But faies he was the Nephew not the Son of Amfiardo and 
 that he came with his two Brothers Lora and Catillo one age before 
 the Tro)ane warr, andthathe there caufed the Caft le to be built d 
 calling it after his own name becaufe he was the elder, in which o- 
 pinion Virgil^n his Mneides feems to concurrbuti&m?;*/ on the other 
 part calls Tivoli the walls of Catillus purfuing the others opinion; 
 from which expreffions we conjecf ure that the City Tivoli y was bci 
 fore Rome. Thofe of Two li held Hercules in reverence above the o 
 ther idols,as Proteftor of the Gr&tian people, at whofe feftivity in 
 finite people reforted thither. 
 
 In it was alfo a Temple for the Sorti^ lottsl onchances noielTe fa- 
 mous for their oracles then that in Eura } or in Achaia a countreyofj 
 Alorea mentioned by Paufaniai : whence the Poet Stat'ms faies, thai 1 
 fuch was the beauty of the place that even the sorti PretteftimSfi oxxid\ 
 jhavechofen it forgiving their aniwers s had not tkrcvles firR $c8e(-\ 
 Ifzd the place. ThefeS 
 
Part III. 
 
 TIVOLL 
 
 Thefe are his words. 
 
 W 
 
 guod que in templa d*rent alias Tyrinthiafortes 3 
 tt rrenejiitt<e poterant migrare forores. 
 
 He calls the Sorti Sifters •, for that good and bad Fortune were re- 
 verenced as two Sifters. Tis thought that Tern pie under the moun- 
 tain in the way ofTwoli, was that famous Temple of Hercules: but 
 thispeople had anotherTemple dedicate to the fameGod,yet called 
 Hercules Saxanur, as appears by the fubfequentinfcrlption found in 
 # Piazza attaqued to a particular houfe. 
 
 Herculi Saxanofacrum 
 
 Ser. Sulpicius. Trophiffius 
 JEdem. Zothecam. Culinam 
 • recutita fua a Solo Reftituit 
 
 I idem. Dicavit. K. Decemb. 
 
 L. Tupilio Dextr&. M. Maccio Rufo. Cof. 
 Euthycus. Ser. P er agendum Cur avit 
 
 But we cannot conclude with certainty where this other Tem- 
 ple ftood: yet many agree that twas called Hercules Saxanus^ inre- 
 f ped: twas built with ftone differing from the other greater Temple: 
 )vSk zsthQ Milan eft ^ called one Hercules inPietra 9 from the fcituarion 
 of that Church in a ftony place near them- Upon thr ftone ariieth a 
 certain antient round Fabrick without covering, built wi h marble 
 inrarearphite&ureof much efteem, which poffibly might be the 
 Temple o£ Hercules Saxanus : tis near the CataratJs which augments 
 thisfufpicion 5 for that the Antients ufually placed their Temples 
 confecrate to Hercules near waters, longportSj and violent falls of 
 waters, to the end that Hercules by them efteemed the Protector of 
 the firm Land, might caufe the water to continue in its limits, and 
 not infeft the country with inundations : the which statins clearly 
 me wsin the i ith.Book of woods,fpeak:ng oftheFillaSurrentina of his 
 Polling which ftood on the fea (hore near a port with a Temple of 
 Hercules , and another of Neptune neare it.* whofe verfes now 
 take. 
 
 Antedomum tumicU moderator c£rulus und£ 
 Excubat innocui cujlos laris J Hujits amico 
 Spumant Templa filo , fieliciajura tuetur 
 Alcides 3 gaudct gemmofub nomine portus , 
 Hic/ervat terras > hicj<evis flu8ibns objiat. 
 
 He feigns alfoia his third book, that Hercules 3 having layed afide { 
 his arms, laboured much in preparing the foundations of his Tern- I 
 pie in that place , and with great ftrength prepared the inft ruments j 
 for digging the earth^for thus the Pagans or Gentiles beleived,^/'z,, | 
 that Hercules , during his life went through the world , operating for 
 the publick good of Mankind, what ever was difficult or laborious 
 to be effecl:ed-,as not only in the taming and killing of Monfters, re- 
 
 Llll moving \ 
 
* f + 
 
 The Hiftory of 1 7^ L!T, Part III. 
 
 removing Tyrants, reducing unjuft Lords to the terms and conditi- 
 ons of Juftice, and chaftifiag the bad and evil ones: Butalfoinbuil- ! 
 ding of Gaftlesand Cities in defert places, ports and fecurities for 
 fhipping on dangerous (bores, reducing bad and irkfome waies into 
 ^ood, changing the chanels of damnifying Rivers , breaking the 
 courfe of the waters where requifite,for prefervatio ofthe firmLand: 
 fetling peace between dijagreeing nations with juft Laws , opening 
 the method & way of dealing and negotiating between people far 
 eloigned from one another/and infum reducing into a ftate of civility 
 fach as were wilde and fierce. - wherefore they built him Temples , 
 created him a God,and devoutly honoured him, giving him feveral 
 fu rnamcs according to the diversity of the places where they ado- • 
 red him, or the quality of the benefits which the people held they 
 received from him, or according to (omc great work which they 
 fuppofed he had done. Whence the weftern parts of the world 
 had Hercules Gaditatt^when on the north fide of the ftraight called of 
 old ¥ return Herculeutn, was Mount Calpe, on the South Mount Jibila, 
 on which Hercules placed his fo memorable pillars,with the inferipti- 
 on Nihltra-.becmfe that was then conceived to be themoft weftern 
 bound ofthe world. ButCharles the Sthrafter the difcovery of A/tterica 
 coming that way, caufed Vlus ultra to be engraven either on the. fame 
 Pillars or on new, erected in their places. The Bata»i t cal]cd him 
 Monaco. The Genoveji, Eaulio. Thofe of the Terra di Lavoro , Sur- 
 rentino. and they ofTivoli t called him Tivoiejfeand Saxanus. The Tu 
 volejt, were fuch Friends to Hercules , that they called their City 
 Herculea a as if the whole were efpecially confecrated to him , and in 
 the palace ofTivoli they honored Hervuletjutt as Jupiter was honored 
 in the Campi doglio at Route , and the heads or chief of the publick 
 Council and of the Priefts, were called in Twoliflercoleam, being of 
 great dignity ; a thing clearly demonstrable by cert ain inferip 
 tions and Epitaphs extant in antient marbles , whereof enfue 
 fome for the fervice and advantage of the ftudious in anti- 
 quity. 
 
 In the Church of S. VI C EN ZO in 
 
 nvoLi 
 
 Ueratli 
 
 Tiburt. Vict. 
 Et.Cereris.dif. 
 Pr£t. Tiburt. 
 L. Minicius 
 Hat alts 
 Gos Augur. 
 Leg.aug. Pr. Pr. 
 Trovinci£. 
 Moefi<e Infer, 
 Votis Sufc. 
 
 In 
 
 
/Part III. 
 
 T1V0LL 
 
 In the afcent of the mountain in a Fragment 
 on the way. 
 
 C. Sejlilittt 
 
 V. V. Tiburtium 
 
 Lib. Ephebm 
 
 Herculanius 
 
 Augufialh 
 
 In the great Church. 
 
 C. Albius. Livilla. L . 
 Thymelus, Here. 
 Auguftal/f. 
 
 The tenth Sybil named by the Latines Tibuclinn and Atbuttea by 
 the Grecians Leucothea, was held in great honour in Jivoh in old 
 time.' for they adored her as a Goddefsconfecrating to her a wood 
 a Temple and a Fountain called after her own name Albnaea, from 
 the whiteneffe of its waters , above 7ivoli t in that mountain where 
 Fame faies (he was born and gave anfwers to demandants." of whom 
 Virgil (peaks and Servius hisCommentator 3 as , alfo Horace i with his In- 
 terpreters. Tis reported that the Romans going about to deifie An- 
 gtfjius Cafar, demanded advife of this Sybil 9 who after three daies 
 faff, ftanding before the Altar, where the Etnperor himfelf was then 
 prefent, after many hidden words miraculonfly fpoken concerning 
 Chrift, upon the fuddain Heaven opened , and eaf'ar faw a beau- 
 tifull Virgin ftanding before the Altar, who held as lovely an infant 
 in her arms, at which apparition Ctfar affrighted fell on his face: 
 and a voice as from Heaven was heard faying this is the Altar of 
 the Son of God. In which place was after built a Temple dedicated 
 to the Virgin Mary called Ara tSeli the Altar of heaven. This Volicro- 
 niott affirm s,and for the truth thereof cites S. Auguftine. lib 18. cap.24. 
 She PropheSed of the coming of Chrift, after the recital of thefea. 
 ven wonders of the world to this purpofe. 
 
 What at thefe trifles ftands the world amazed? 
 And hath on them with admiration gazed ? 
 Then wonder / When the troubled world t appoafe 
 HefhaUdefcend, who made them that made thefe. 
 
 Thefe things being ieen,march towards Rome^ and leaving the 
 Road a little on the left hand 3 beftow a view on the Elia Tiburtwa 3 
 
 Llll 2 which was 
 
 I 1 * 
 
315 
 
 TheHiftory oilTALT, HparUll 
 
 which was the Villa diHadrianus the Emperor,teated on a little hill, 
 which now at prefenr (hews the countenance of a great ruinated Ci- 
 ty .• th~ footfteps of (o vaft edifices ftupifie the beholders , hardly 
 difpenfing with any beliefe that it could ever have been but one fin- I 
 glc Villa or princely feat. There may yet be found the ruines of ma 
 ny Palaces, Houfes, Temples, Porticues, Acquedufts, Bathing 
 houfes, hotbaths, Theaters, Amphitheaters, and in fum, of alio- 
 ther kind of Fabricks whatfoever imaginable for fupream 
 delights and pleafures. Among the reft you'l finde a very high 
 wall drawn long-waies againft the South two ftades in length , 
 which Wall hath al waies on the one fide the (hade, and on the other 
 the Sun j fo thattismoft comodious for Walking by, or for any o 
 ther exercife either in the (hade or in the Sun, according tothene- 
 ceflity or humour of the perfon at all times. The vaft ruines of this 
 Villa, (peak not alone the itnmenfe charge Hadrianus was at in buil- 
 ding the fame,but Spartianus alfo declares it in the life of Adrianfay- 
 ing^ that he in that his Villa caufed draughts or as we may 
 better fay the fimilitudes of the moft celebrious places of the world 
 to be made, culling them afterwards to be called after the proper 
 names of the imitated place? : as among others, the Licettm, Arijio 
 ties School in Athens, the Academy of Cicero, the Trytaneumox counfel 
 h .ufe of AtheK^theTetanplc of Tkefjaliap place wonderfully pleafant 
 having trees and meadowes marvelloufly delegable, wherein birds 
 of divers kinds fing continually with excellent melody:the Campus 
 of Egypt, a place wherein the God of that name was worlhipped 5 
 and the like Fabricks made and nominated in imitation of the true. 
 He further faies, that he there caufed to be ere&ed the place or re- 
 prefentation of hell: all which nhings were undoubtedly accomo* 
 dated and adorned with all conveniences and endowments, fo 
 that one nvghtwejl comprehend at the firft view, that, which in it 
 felf comprehended every one, that is Pictures, Statues, Figures, 
 Infcriptions,pourtrayesofmen, wherewith every ofthofe places 
 were iiluftrated, cither with fome notable writing, or heroick 
 aftion. Which ornaments are all ruinated and difperfed , part by 
 the rage of warr, and part by the incivility of the barbarous peo 
 pie, invading Italy, who there (hewed not the leaft refpecf. Not 
 long fir.ee in the fields of Tivoli, were found many figures, and fta- 
 tues a taken without doubt from t\i\sVilla t and applied to divers 
 fabricks in the adjacent Countrey: many alfo have been found 
 among the ruines of the faid Villa under ground , and among others 
 fome carcafes of men with their names in greek letters, as oilhcmi- 
 ftocles, Miltiades, l/ocrates, Heraclitus } Carneades, Ariftogiton, anora. 
 tor of Athens, who for his lewd behaviour was called Dog with o- 
 thers, whofe tronks or bodies pofBbly and credibly rope'juUus the 
 third caufed to be got fogether and conveighed to Rome , for beau- 
 tifying his gardens: being advifed of this their accidental coming 
 to hand by Marcelht Cervwus, Cardinal of Santa Croc -e, a Lover of 
 the ftudious : the which his SainSety afterwards put in good order 
 with great expence in the Via flaminia, on the this fide the Tonic 
 Mdvio. 
 
 Being freed from the ruines of the Villa Elia,you travel to Rome by 
 the ViaTiburtina, along which appear fome antiquities worthy ob- 
 
 fervation 
 
fervation 5 and among others on the Banks of the River Anknejs a 
 great Maufeolut , a grand Fabrick ere&ed for the Sepulchre of theFa- 
 mily of the plaufi silvani both noble and antient,and framed of large 
 fquare marble ftones, near the bridge which conjoines on the one 
 and other fide of the River the antient Road 5 and is vulgarly called 
 thePortteLttcano, the reafon of which name is not facilly known, 
 bnt in fome fpeeches tis called Ponte Plattto, and fome fuppofc that 
 way was fet out and the Bridge likewife built by thofe noble and 
 triumphantr/d»/»,whofe names we find engraven on the faidTomb: 
 chiefly for that Suetonius teftifies it was the cuftom by order oiAttgu*- 
 Jius for the victorious Captains, to accomodate the Roads with the 
 fpoiles taken from the enemies, to w eh ' he connexeth this other con- 
 jec1:ure,that is,thatin the third elogie of P.Flimus(of whofe memorial 
 or Epitaph, though a part be fallen in his Maufeolus or Tomb, yet e- 
 nough remains to fatisfie the ftudious in antiquity ) we read among 
 other Titles of honour,that this was not omitted,viz. That by the 
 comandof T. Claudius Cafar, he was elefted by the neighbourhood 
 rnocuratorfor accomodating the Road P or high waies. 
 
 Part III. 
 
 TIVOLL 
 
 fanJitnfofafofomttmffip^^ 
 
 Mmmm 
 
 ffiffimmmhwm?m$'m'm* 
 
 ?>7 
 
Part III. 
 w&& *$& Stf? SH? 'SH? -a*?^*? Wi? 
 
 DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ISLAND 
 
 SICILY. 
 
 Si cilia is an Ifland of the Mediterranean Sea, feated betwixt Jta/y 
 _ and y^fr/V^jbut between the South and Weft tis feparated from 
 Italy by a neck of the fea. Irs form refembles a a in greek, for that 
 it hath three corners,every one whereof makes a Promontory, which 
 are Fe!oro,Pachint> i Lilibeo, now caUedCapo delFaro 3 Capo Faffero, Capo 
 Boco. Pe'oro looks towards Italy, Tachino towards Morea i and Li 
 libeo toward the Promontory Mercurio- i ' Afric\ t and to fpeak accor- 
 ding to the afpect of the climeSjPe/m? "lies Eaftward,P^7»o between 
 South and Eaft, Lihbeo between South and Weft. On the North 
 this Ifland is waihed by the Tirrhene Sea, on the Eaft by the Adriatique 
 and ^onian Sea, on the South by the African Sea,and on the Weft by 
 -that of Sardigna. It was called Trina^ria^ either from its three Pro- 
 montories or from the King Trinaco, fon cf Neptune, andTriquetra i 
 or from the three points ol the Triangle^and Sirania from the Sirini 3 
 and after that Si cilia from the Siculi*, ( defcended from the Liguri) 
 who beat out the Sicani. It is in circuit, as by the moderns is judged 
 (fetting afide the diverfities of the antients ) fix hundred twenty 
 three miles.* from Peloro to Tachino one hundred and fixty miles, 
 from thence to Lilibeo 183 miles, from Lilibeo to Teloro 2 1 1 . Its length 
 from Eaft to weft is 1 50 mile$,but its bredth is not equal, though on 
 the Eaftern part tis 160 miles broad, diminishing afterwards in 
 bredth by degrees,being moft ftraite at Lilibeo. The head of all the 
 Ifland is the Territory Ennefc. It hath on the north fide ten Ifl.mds 
 which lie round it (the Antients numbred but 7 } whofe names are 
 Liparce, Vulcania, or Giera, Vulcanello, Lifca-bianca t Bajiluzo, ihsrmijfa, 
 Trongikj Didinta, Fenicufa, and Ericufa. Sicilia is divided into three 
 provinces, which they call Valli or Vales , that is into the Val di De- 
 
 mino 
 
S1CILIA 
 
 Part ill. 
 
 tnitio or Demon a, the ValdeNoto, and the Valdi Mazara,theVal diDe- 
 mino commenceth from the Promontory Feloro^ and is the fhore 
 on one lide to the River Terria, and on the other to the River Hime- 
 ra which difchargeth it felf into the Tirrheae Sea. The Vol di Noto 
 begins at the River Teria-, and with it extending it felf inwards,and 
 traverfing £««<*, it defcends with the river Gela, and ends at the 
 City of Alt cat a. But the Valdi jT/<*z><tt*4 3 comprehends all the remain- 
 ing part of Sicily to Lilibeo. This llland was fome time conjoined to 
 Italy, whereof the modern authors as well as antient render a large 
 teftimony, though there are fome who take it for a ridiculous opini- 
 on. It is efteemed for the falubrity of the Ayre, the abundance of 
 terrene fufttnance and plenty of all things neceffarie for mans ufe 
 very excellent, as placed under the fourth Climate much more be- 
 nignethen all the others, whence tis that what ever this foyle0f 
 Sicily affords, either by its own nature or the Ingenuity of man is 
 accounted nexttothofe which are cryed up for the belt. Itprodu- 
 ceth corn in fuch abundance, that in many places it yields looibr 
 one. Wilde Oats grow there of themfelves, as alfo the Vines 
 which gave occafion tor the Fable of Ceres & Vroferpina. Their wines 
 are moft delicate, as is the oyle of Olives whereof they make great 
 quantities. Their Canes too are admirable, called Ebofia hereto- 
 fore, now Cannamele, whereof they make Sugars, Their Bee hony 
 is there fo good that by theantients as a proverb twasufedtheHy- 
 blean hony of Sicily, which affords great ftore of wax: the Bees 
 ufingthevery tronksof trees for their hives, there gathering ex- 
 cellent honey. Their fruits of all forts, grow with much plenty 
 and goodnelfe $ they gather all forts of Plants and medicinal herbs , 
 and their faffron is better then that of Italy, as are their, roots of 
 wilde palm trees, which are guftfull to eat. The mountains Aeri are 
 fo plentifully furnifhed with lweet waters , fountains, fruitmll and 
 pleafant trees, that they have many times preferved a great Army 
 of the Carthaginians, when near famifhing. Other mountains pro- 
 duce fait, as Enna, Nicojia, Camerata and rlatanim , where they take 
 out fait ftones. There alfo are the Gaves or Pits for fait made of 
 the Foam of the Sea retting upon the cojfts,but nearc I ilibeo,Dre 
 pa.no, camarino, Macanio, and other places,they take up the fea wa 
 ter,put it into p'ts, and thereof make fait. They alfo draw fait out 
 of other parts of Sicily from the Lakes,as near roch/no,(a, wonderfull 
 thing) what by the rain, and frefh waters falling from other foun- 
 tains,the Lake maybe increafed, in a little time , isdryedaway by 
 the Sun. They alfo make here great plenty of that filk which they 
 i draw from their filk worms. Nor is Sttv/zdlefTe enriched by her Me- 
 tals and Mines, having Minerals of Gold, Silver, Iron, Allum : 
 and on the banks of the River Acate grow pretious ftones, as the 
 Emerald and Agat ftone, and the clear Bartina, which is whife 
 in circuit , and black fpotsin the midft, andintormsof feveral 
 Creatures, as birds, hearts, men or any other, which they fay is 
 an Antidote againft the biting; of the fpider or Scorpion. Solium 
 faies too,that twill make the Rivers flop, and that Pirrhm, had onej 
 ftone of this fort in a ring, wherein was engraven Apollo with hisj 
 Scepter,and the Chorus of the nine Mufes with their Enl1gne,at Gra- 
 terio t they dig theBerilor Sea water ftone in great plenty,andPorphi 
 
 Mmmm 2 ry 
 
 3'P 
 
3 l< 
 
 TheHiftor y of I T A L T y Par t Xlij 
 
 ry ftone, red and travcrfed with white and green ftroaks. Here al- 
 fo they take up the jafper ftone being red, and varied with feveral 
 clear green and white fpots, which ennobles the ftone. And in the 
 feaof Mejfma 9 and of Drepano, there growes Corrals a fort of fea 
 Plant much commended and fought after. Sicilia is likewifeFamed 
 for the Chafe of the Goat and wilde Bore : for the fowling 
 at Partridge and God wit. And all other forts of Birds, and four 
 footed beaftsboth for delight and profit are therein great plenty , 
 befide the Falcon and other Hawks, which there are taken. The 
 Fifhing alfo is greatly abounding, particularly for the Fifh called 
 Tunny Fifh, whereof they take not only zXPachino (astheAnti. 
 ents wrote ) but alfo at Palermo and Drepano , and in all the River 
 which is wafhed with the TyrrheneSca 3 (this fi(h bears a great price in 
 Mayorjune^as alfo of the fword fifh particularly^ Mejfina, which("tis 
 written ) they cannot take unlelfe theyfpeak Greek, and to fay 
 no more both the Seas and the Rivers abound with all forts 
 of e xcellent fifh. They have alfo in divers places many baths 
 of hot j cool, fulphurous and other forts of water, ufefulland ad- 
 vantagious in feveral Infirmities, but thofe that are in the River 
 Sennntina, near the Cities Sacra and Hintera, are fait and unwhol- 
 fome to drink. We will not fpeak of the Fountains of fweet water 
 that are found over all sicilia , and many Rivolets accommoda- 
 ted as well for the life of Man, as the enriching their Lands by 
 the overflowing. And to fpeak in brief, this Ifland is not at all 
 inferiour to any other Province, either for its fatneUe or abun- 
 dance^ but fomewhat exceeds Italy in the excellency of their grain, 
 faffron , honey, Beafts skins, and other fuftenance for the life of 
 Man •-, in fo much that Cicero not improperly called it the Granary 
 of the Ro#tans 3 2Lnd Homer faid that all things grew there of their own 
 accord, andthereforecallsitthe Ifleof the Sun. Si«/wislikewife 
 admirable for the fame of thofe things which told, exceed our beleef 
 as theMo\intEtna i 8i.MongibeUo :) v/ho fending forthcontinual firesfrotn 
 its bowels hath not witftanding its headfon that part where the fire 
 iffues^deeply covered in fnow to the midft of Summer.Not far from 
 AgrigentOyOX Gergento is the Territory Mathamca., which with aflidu 
 al vomiting of divers veins of waters, fends forth a certain Afh- 
 coloured Earth, and at certain times calling out an incredible Mafs 
 of that Earth , the one and the other Fields may be heard^ to 
 roar. 
 
 In Menenino is the Lake Najiia (called by Pliny Eflntia ) where in 
 three eddies you behold boyling water , which alwaies gurgles 
 with an egregious ftink , and fomtimes fpues up flames of fire: 
 hither antiently reforted all fucb, as through their fuperftition were 
 to be fworn to any thing. It hath likewife in fundry other places 
 divers other Fountains of admirable .Qualities and nature, for an 
 ample account whereof the reader is referred to Thomafo Fazellio, to 
 the end we may abridge our relation here. Sicily was inhabited by 
 the Cyclopes, which is verified (befides what Authors affirm) by the 
 bodies of immcnfe bignefTe and heigth,which in our daies are feen 
 in the Grots, or Caves. Thofe Cyclopes being monfters of Men 
 or Gyants , whom the sicani fucceeded, and them the Sicnli or si- 
 cilians. Then the Trojans, the Candiott, the Phenici, the Calcidonians % 
 
 the; 
 
/Part III. 
 
 SICILIA. 
 
 the Corinthians and other Greeks, the Zanclei, the Guidii, the Sara- 
 \fim, the Nor mans , the Lombards, the Swedes, the Germans 3 the French 
 the Arragonians, the Spaniards, tne Catalonians t the Genouans, and at 
 length many Pijans, Lucchcjians, Bolognians, and Florentines : all which 
 people at ieveral times inhabited divers parts of this Ifland : untill 
 cW// the fifth Emperor took Corona, and after a little timeleaving 
 it to the Turks, all thofe Greeks that dwelt there tranfported them- 
 felves into -Sic;//*. The People are of an acute and quick wit, no- 
 ble in their inventions, and in duftrious by nature, andfaid to be of 
 three tongues for their velocity in fpeech, wherein their exprefli- 
 ons proceed wirh much grace to facetioufnefie and quicknelle.'they 
 are held loquacious beyond meafure.* whence the Autients borrow, 
 ed the proverb Gerr<e Sicnl£, the Sicilian bablings. Amient wri- 
 ters attribute the following things to the invention of the Sicilians, 
 the art of Oratory, the Bucolick or paftoral verfe,dyall making, 
 the Catapulie a warlike engine, the illuftrating of Pictures, the 
 ArtofBarbing, the ufe of skins of wildebeaftsandRyme. They 
 areby nature fufpectfullj envious, evilfpoken, facil to/peak Vil- 
 lany, and prone to revenge, but induftrious fubde flatterers 
 of Princes,andftudiousotTyrannyfasfaiesOr0y/e,)wnichat: this day 
 does not fo generally appear. 
 
 They are more covetous of their own commodities or convenien- 
 ces then of the publiques, and reflecting on theabundancyof the 
 Countrey, floathful! and without induttry. Antiently their tables 
 were fo fplendidly furnifbed , that it became a Proverb among the 
 Greeks, but now they follow the frugality of Italy. They are vali- 
 ant in warrs, and of uncorruptible faith to their King ^ beyond 
 thecuftomeof the Greeks, they are patients but provoked they 
 leap into extream fury. They fpeak the Italian Language, but 
 roughly, and without the leaft fweetnetfe, and in their habits 
 and other cuftoraes live after the manner of the Italians. 
 
 §MMM ? &ifk&\ 
 
 it 
 
 'AM 
 
 
 InwtfofiC 
 
 MESSINA. 
 
 THat City of Si cilia that is molt illuftrious , is Medina, built 
 with the mines and reliques of the Gity Zancla: at a thonfand 
 paces diftance from hence came Dicearchus the hearer of Arijiotle^ 
 themoftcelebriou c Fm^/t'f/c^,Geometritian, and eloquent Ora. 
 tour, who wrote many books, whereof Fazellius makes mention, 
 and ibicus theHiftorian and the Lyrick. Poet, and in the memory of 
 our Fathers times lived there Cola the Fifli, born at Catana, who 
 leaving human fociety, confumed the belt part of his life among 
 thefilhinthefeaof Alejjina, whence he acquired the nick name of 
 fifh. Hence came alfo Giovanni Gatto, of the preaching order, 
 a Philofopher, Divine, and famous Mathematician, who read 
 iaFlorence, Bologna, and Ferrara, and was afterwards elected Bi« 
 __ Nnnn (h op 
 
 3** 
 
A Defcription of Part 111 
 
 (hop of Catano; and laftly hence came Gio Andrea, Mercurio, am oft 
 worthy Cardinal of the holy Church. 
 
 Hcrefl:o>.-d the City Tauromimo, which gave birth (according to 
 Fatii am as") to Tijatidro Son of cleocrito, who four times overcame 
 intheo/jw/w^Gamesandasmany times in the fy thick } and time- 
 us the hiftorian fonof Andromacus , who wrote of the tranfacB 
 ons in SicilU and Italy and of the 1 heban warrs. 
 
 
 CATANA. 
 
 jT hath alfo the City Cataaa, one part whereof is warned by the 
 J Sea and the other extends it felf to the foot of the Mountains 
 where antiently was the Sepulture or burying place for famous 
 and iliuiirious perfons , as of stejicortts the Poet , Himerefe, Xenofane 
 the Philofopher, and of two young Brothers Anapa and Anfinomo; 
 who (the fire of JEtna raging and burning all the Countrey round) 
 took up upon their fhoulders the one hisFather the other his Mother 
 but being difabled by the weight to proceed with (peed , and the 
 fire overtaking them and at their very feet, yet loft not their mag 
 nanimiiy and courage, but when almoft indefpair, the fire on a 
 fuddain divided it felt before them, and fo they miraculoufly efra- 
 ped fafe. In this City is a Colled ge for all thefcienccs, but mofr 
 particularly they here ftudy the Civil and Canon Laws, and from 
 her have ifliied many illuftrious perfous , as Santa Agatha, ( which 
 the Talermitans will call of their City J a Virgin Martyr, who under 
 gwntiano in the ycer of our falvation 1 52 fuffered Martyrdomefor 
 Chrifhand Carondo the Philofopher and Legislator , and he that was 
 reputed the great Afagus, Diodorus or Liodorut: Hence came alio 
 NkoloTodifco, called the Abbot, or Vanormitano the great Cnnoniff, 
 and Cardinal, who wrote fo many books of the Canon Laws, and 
 was prefent fo much to his glory at theCouncel ofBaJilea'm the yeer 
 1 440. It gave birth likewife to Galeozzo, or Galeotto Bardafino^ whofe 
 vaft body and ftrength acquired him the titl^ofaGyantjOf whofe 
 proweffe and noble Acts of Chevalry we have as large relations, as 
 any our Romances attribute.to their Heroes. The City Leontina 01 
 L <?<?»//'<? (antiently inhabited by the Lejirigones) was the birth place 
 of Georgia the Philofopher and Orator, and Agathone the Tragick 
 poet : and fince the faith of Chrift planted there , Alfio JiUdolfio, 
 Cirinoy became Martyrs for it. From the City Alegar a, came Theo 
 genes the Poet, and Epicarnto the C^w/V^Poet, and Inventor of Co- 
 medies. 
 
 si- 
 
Part III. 
 
 S1CILIA. 
 
 h**w^S?.ajct^oja^32cWi»3siJ,cso^dFv^ai« »" 3v,as5 ?jt?.5i 9 
 
 STK^C^S^. 
 
 Siyracufa\ (anticntly the Metropolis of S/«Zm , and enobled by ma I 
 (ny titles) gave birth to many eminent men in all the fciences} | 
 as to iheocrito theBucolickJPoet^Filalao the Tythagoreanjfilomone the Co- 
 mickJPoet in the daies of Alexander the Great, another rhilomenea 
 Co/uick^who alfo had a Son of the fame name and profeffion, Sofrone 
 a Comtek^ in the daies of Euripides , Corace one of the prime 
 Inventors of the Art of Oratory and his Difciple Cejianolzffe emi- 
 nent in Oratory^ Dion e Sir acujano who wrote of the Art of R.heto- 
 rick, Sofane the'Iragich^Voet^ Ipicarmo the moff learned continued 
 alwaies in Syracuja t and at his death had a ftatue ere&ed in honour of 
 him j Fotittothc ComickJPoe t C^rwo the Poet} Mentcrates thcPhyfi- 
 cianand Philofopher, F7/<^»0 the Lyric^ Qallimaco who wrote in 
 verfe concerning this Ifland, Alofco the Grammarian, Jaceta the P:h- 
 lofopher, Antioco theHiftorian , Fihfio an Hiftorian and Father of 
 Dionygio the Tyrant} C allots the Hiftorian. Theodore the Philofopher 
 who wrote ofthe Art of Warr, Archetimut a Philofopher andHifto 
 rian, Archimedez Philofopher and excelling Mathematician, with 
 many othersiAmongft the holyMartyrs it afforded Lucia the Virgin , 
 and Stefano the third Pope. 
 
 From the County of Nm came Dncetio King of Sicilia ■ Giovanni 
 Aurifpa a famous writer , Antonio Cajj anno a fur palling Orator, Gio- 
 vanni A/artaJio a moft celebrated Poet, and here alfo is the fepul- 
 chre ofSan Corrade the Tlacertian to whofe merits they Fab le many 
 miracles. From Agrigento a famous City iiiued rheConqucrour in 
 the Olympick games before Diodorus , and rhduris here exercifed 
 his cruel Tyranny which begot him the furnameofTy: ■-.'.. t.-hence 
 alfo proceeded Creone and Acrone, bothPhilofophersan :.> Phyfieians} 
 Polo the Orator > Dinoloco aComic^ Archino^lri^ch^ Poet, Sofocles 
 and Xenocorate to whom Tindarus eotituled two of hi;. Odes. 
 
 In the City ihernte now called Sacra ^ were born Agathocles King 
 of Syracttfa , and Jhomafo Fazellio , ofthe order of S<*« Domemco^ho 
 wrote the affairs of Sicilia in a large volume. 
 
 
 i Athene 
 
 THe City of rrf/m*0,isthefaireftofall the others of this Ifland, 
 and at prefentthe Metropolis and Regal Seat: of which much 
 will here be fpoken: fhe gave birth tOyWreathemoftantientand 
 noble Philofopher, who wrote the Civil hiftory of the Sicilians -^ 
 
 Nnnn 2 but 
 
A Description of Part III, 
 
 but it was muchmore illuftrated for the firft breath it afforded to the ' 
 SaintkOl/va 8c Nimfa both Martyred for the Faith of Chnft:fx.AntQnio 
 called iheF&lermitanpi theKnightlyFamily ofBeccatelli ofBologna^n 
 Orator&c a noblePoer,8c much edeared to all the Princes of his time. 
 Whenalfo flourished FietroRanzanooi the Preaching order,aDivine, 
 an Orarour, and a famous Poet, and at laft Bifhop of Lucera. It 
 bredalfo Monjign'ior Jacomo Lomeliini its ArchBifhop,a learned Pre- ' 
 late, and of great integrity of Life. S/«/y nourished alio many other ; 
 famous perfons as well antient as modern, as Sthenio, 7hermitano i \ 
 the defender of the Cities olsicilia , Stejicoro one of the new Lyricks I 
 of Greece, Diodoro fur named Siculo a famous and renowncdHiftori* 
 an, whofe life the Author hereof hath wrote at large in another 
 Treatife^ ihomafo C 'aula a LaureatP oet , and many others. Sharp 
 and long wars were waged for the poffeflion of this Ifland , between 
 the Rowans and Carthaginians , but the Romans at leng*h r •v?.'vrd 
 Conquerours, and reduced her into a province at the overthrow of 
 Hie rone (by Claudius Marcellus the Conful) who was the laft of « hofe 
 Tyrants under whom fhe had thentofore been fubjedred. Then 
 twas governed by Pranors till it fell into the power of the 
 Emperors , and Charles the great j in which time the Empire and 
 world being divided , Sicilia, Calabria and Tuglia remained in obedi ■ 
 ence to the Emperors oiConjiantinople , under whom it continued 
 till N icefor us bcame Em peror,tn whofe Reign the Saracens pofieffed 
 it and Tuglia, the Mount Saint Amclo , Nocero with other places in 
 the yeer DCCCGXIIII. hence they made frequent incut fi- 
 ons into Calabria, and to the very walls of Naples and Gaugliano: 
 againft whom Popsjohn the tenth with Alberico Mafalpixah'v. Kinf- 
 man great Duke of Tujcany armed themfelves,and with much d'ffi- 
 culty and great flaughter drove them into the MonteSanto Angdo. 
 Which Alberico was Son of Alberto t brother of Gnido s grand Mar- 
 quefTe of Tufcany, fome of whofe medals I have feen with their Tejle 
 or Motto, and on thereverfe the flourifhing Thorn tree( the Arms 
 of that Family) in the hands of the Marquette Lodovico Mafalpina 
 a Gentleman no leffe facetious then curious in collections. The 
 Saracini one hundred yeers after their inroad into Italy were drove 
 out by the Normandi, who were Counts of Sicilia^wha for forty three 
 yeers increafed their Empire with much felicity, till Ruberto Citif 
 I cardo feized ruglia in his own name, and Sicilia in right of his Bro- 
 ther Ruggieri, 5 whereupon Pope Nicholas the ftcond conceded to 
 him the Title of Duke, and created him Feudatory of the Church: 
 which was afterwards confirmed byGregory the feventh,who by hion 
 was freed from the injuries of Harry the third. After vhom,G//g//- 
 clmo the fecond was by Innocent the 4th. created the fi. ft King, to 
 whom fucceeded Gulielmo the third whodeceafing without if- 
 fue, the Kingdome was ufurped by one Taucredi a baftard of the Fa- 
 mily of Gwfcardi: againft whom Pope Clement and Cetejiinc the third 
 oppofed themfelves; & in the end Cdejiine gave Cojianza the daugh* 
 ter of Ruggier the fecond (a Nun in Palermo) for wife to Henry the 
 Son of Frederic kj.be Emperor with the Title and right claim of (he 
 Kingdome: whereupon Henry made war againft Tancredi, befieged 
 and flew him in Naples, and fo fucceeded in this Kingdome and Em- 
 pire of his Father. After whom followed Frederic^ the fecond , his 
 
 Son, 
 
fPartHL 
 
 SICILIA. 
 
 lit 
 
 Son, then Manfredo the baftard Son of Frederict^got the &i 
 but was thence drove out by charts of Anjou Brother of Saiiu Lnr U 
 King of France, being called in and invefted therein by the Pope; 
 under which charts the Sicilians ( being com plotted wit h 
 Arragona, who married Cojianza daughter of Manfrcd^x the found 
 of the Vefpers Bell, cut in peices all the French which were 
 cilia, by which means rietro became Lord of the Ifland, which hap- 
 pened intheyeer 1283. By which occafion arofe many c 
 and wars betwixt the Jrragoni.ws and the Anjouans for the pofiefii- 
 on of that Kingdom, with divert f ortun£s s ti!l at length the A rragi 
 nians were wholly driven oat o! theKingdonK otNaplcs byXTfe 
 VIII. But the Arragonians 3t laft regained the refltflion by tfce prow- 
 efle of Confalvo Ferrando the grtat Captain, who drove • 
 French for Ferrando the Cathoiick King of Spain--, from whom the 
 Kingdomes of Sicilia and Ndp/ej palled by an hereditary fucceliion 
 to CW/ej the 5th. Emperor 9 and froahim it defcended to rhilip 
 thefecond,wholeftittohis Son rhilip the third Cathoiick King, 
 who now injoyes them in quiet pofleffion. 
 
 A Description of the ifland of M A L TA 
 
 Etween Sicilia, and the River of the one and t other {hore of 
 Barbary'y are fixed the two Wands Melita or Malta , and Gaulo or I 
 Cozo , the one difrant from the other five miles, but eloigned from j 
 Pachino or Capo Pajfero a Promontory of Sicilia-, (which they look to. 
 wardsj one hundred miles, and from Africa one hundred and ninety 
 miles. Malta is 60. miles in circumfercnce,bemg all as it were a plain 
 though fomewhat Rocky , and expofed to the windes, it hath ma- 
 ny and fecure Ports, but towards the North tis wholly deprived of 
 fre/h waters , but on the weftern parts are excellent Curranee, and I 
 it producethmcftfruitfull trees. Where tis broad«fr tis ib. miles' 
 over, and in the locgeft part 20 miles, and in allthofsfeas is there 
 not one Ifland fo great diftance from the firm Land as this is. In 
 more then (ix places towards^zci/f^tis hollowed,and hathPorts 3s it 
 were formed by the Sea of Sicilia for receiptor its Py rates or Ro- 
 vers on theSea,but towatdsTripolis tis all full ofCliffes andRocks af- 
 fording no mannor of Harbour. Tis called Melita in Latine fr jrn the 
 Bees which in Greek are called Melitte for that the abundance and I 
 goodneffe of Flowers caufeth in thislfle the production of themoir 
 excellent hony, but of late by corruption of the word v/e call it 
 Malta. At its firft habituation it yielded obedience tb 'King Battus 
 [famous for his riches , and^ for the friendfhip and hofpicalky of Di 
 \do, whence aferwards it obeyed the Carthaginians, Whereof the 
 'many Gollumnes placed up and down the Countrey ; enliven with 
 >nnt\cnt Cttrthtgini'm ChatadtersCfarr diffes'bnt f rom iik Htl>rean}g\ve 
 fufficien! 1 teftimony. But at the fame time when Sicilia was- reduced 
 [to :\\etl->mm^\K. alfp rendered it felf and was therefore governed by 
 the fame Laws, and the fame Prstor as' Sicilia was. Where with alfo 
 
 Oooo coming 
 
A Defcription of 
 
 Part ill J 
 
 coming afterwards into the power of the Saracens , it finally with I 
 Gozo in the yeer icco. was poflefTed by Ruggieri Normanno p Count of 
 Sicilia, till at length it obeyed the Chrifhan Princes.The Ayr over 
 all the Ifland is moft healthfull , but chiefly to them that inure them- 
 Ctlvcs to it/ It hath Fountains and Orchards copioufly replenished 
 wtth Date Trees, and its foyle every where produceth plentifully 
 I all forts of Grain and Corn, Flax, Cotton, Wool, Cummin feeds, 
 and abundance of Rofes eminently fweet favoured : here alfo 
 they have a kind of little neat white Dogs, which from their long 
 hair we call (hocks , of much delight to the people. The Earth is 
 fowed all the year with little husbandry^nd they reap two harvefts 
 and the trees likewife bear fruit twice in the yeer. In the winter e- 
 very thing is green and flourifheth , and in the fummer is burnt up 
 with heat, howbeit a certain Dew falls which exceedingly nouri- 
 fheth the Corn. At the head of a long and ftrait point almoft oppo- 
 fite to the Capo Pajfero or Pachino in Siciliaisere&cdthe Fortezzaoi 
 sant Ermo 9 but on the right hand towards sicilia are fome other 
 points, and between them and Sant Ermo is aGhanel of water upon 
 one of which points is the Caftle Sant Angelo 3 and the other the For- 
 tezza of San Michael with their Bourges: between the one and the 
 other of which lie the fhips&GaJleys in aChannel which is locked at 
 the utm oft points with a vaftlronChain. Eight miles off which place 
 up the Land ftands the City called Malta famoufedby theRel'ques 
 of very noble Edifices, and by the antient dignity of a Bifhoprick. 
 This Ifle hath a Promontory whereon was built a moft antient and 
 noble Temple dedicated to jf*»<?, and held in great reverence, and 
 another on the South to Her tit/es, whereof at this day huge ruines ap- 
 pear at the Port Euro. The men of this Ifland are brown complcxi- 
 oned , and their genius more approaches that of the Sicilians then 
 any other. The women arc beautifull enough but fly company,goe 
 obfeured abroad, are kept clofe at home, yet following the fame 
 manner of life as the Sicilians, and fpeaking a language more like 
 an d near the Carthaginian then any other language . The people are 
 generally religious and particularly pay a great devotion to Saint 
 Pan! , to whom this Ifland is dedicated , for that here he by chance 
 fell into the Sea, and was here entertained with great humanity : 
 and on that fhose where hcfellip, is built a venerable Ghapekjbr 
 their refpeft to whom they believe no noyfome nor venemousGrea- 
 ture can grow or live on this Ifland. And from the Grotto where that 
 Saint ftood are ftones by many plucked away,and carryed through 
 Italy^ (called the Gratia of Saint Paul,) to heal thebitings of Scor- 
 pions and Serpents. In our Age this Ifland had and hath great fplen- 
 dour for its Devotion, and the religious order of the Knights of 
 Sant Giovanni or John of Jerufalem 3 the which having loft Rhodes (ta- 
 ken from them in the yeer 1 522.by Soliatan the magnificent the great 
 Tw^Jhad this Ifland given them by Charles the 5th. Em perour, where 
 they have built the aforenamed Caftles and Forts , that they may 
 there refide with perpetual fecurity. In the yeer 15 65.they valiantly 
 defended the fameagainft a moft potent Ar/aada^which the fame&r 
 liman fent thither to conquer the Ifland and to drive outthofc 
 /Cnights: which in time to come will not contribute lefle glory to 
 Malta, then that which they reaped in times pad from the general t 
 
 council 1 
 
PirtlH, 
 
 MALTA. 
 
 Council which under Pope Innocent the firft was there celebrated 
 by 214. Bifhops a^ainft Pelagiui the Heretiket, among others there 
 met Saint Aujiine and Sylvxno Bifhop of Milt a. Soliman fent to this 
 Attempt an Armada , a Fleet of 2oofayls, under the command of 
 i'l.rfi Bdffa General cf the Sea, a man both valiant and judicious, and 
 of Mujiapha, th; Bajfa General of the Land, a man very crafty,and 
 much experience in warlike affairs : who having difembarkedand 
 landed their Army on the 18. of May , befieged and battered the 
 Cattle Sant trmo,and after many contefts and attempts, having beat 
 down th.it wall flat to the Earth on the 32,d.of'j f »»ebecameMafters 
 of theFortyandputall thedefendors to the Sword and cut them to 
 pieces. There dyed then on the Turks part Dragut Rais the famous 
 l*yrat,bcing wounded under the ear by the blow of a ftone. T hen 
 they turned their force upon the two other Fortezza's of Sunt Mi- 
 chad, and Saint Angelo. They planted a fierce battery againft San Mi- 
 chael , vyhich levelled the walls with the bank of the Fofie or Ditch 
 by their falling therein, but in many and many alTaulrs which they 
 gave to theCaitle,they were al waies valiantly repelled by the Horfe." 
 Giovanni Valetta aFrench man the then greatMafter,a man of lingular 
 valour and prudence, not failing in any thing of conduct or necelfa- 
 ry provifion, that might merit the efteem of an excellent Comman- 
 der. At laft Don Garcia de Toledo, having fele&cd fixty of the moft 
 nimble and polite galleys out of thofe of the King of Spain, and fur- 
 nifhed them with nine thoufand fix hundred Souldieis between Spa- 
 niards, a ad Italians, advanced to land them fecurely on the Ifland* 
 Which the Turks underftanding forthwith imbarqued their Artille- 
 ry, and advanced with 8000 Souldiers to view the Chriftian Army, 
 who fell upon them with fuch ardour and fury, that they imuiedr 
 ately moft bafely run away, and got into their Galleys,lcaying 180© 
 dead,having killed but only four on the Chriftian s fide: And in this 
 manner were the Turks confirained to abandon the Ifland to their 
 foul Hume and confufion , and the great honour of Almighty God 
 whofe hand ftrengthning this fmall number, clearly demonftrated 
 that by his favour, the valour of a few can oppofe the violence of 
 many. 
 
 &(h&22~. Ch05 J .tf5ch«,7j JjdwWWm^SfTOTy^SwjSXw^JjS^Si*^*®* 
 
 Verfts 
 
 
 mmmummmmmmwmm 
 
 V7 
 
VERSES compofed on the Cities o{ ITALY 
 tranflated out of the / TA L I A N. 
 
 FOR Pompe, andPietie, oldRomc is fam*d y 
 Venice is rich, the Sage, and Lordly namd, 
 Na pies is noble, and of pleafant air, 
 Florence through all the world reputed fair: 
 Milan doth of her Grandeur '^ujily boaji. 
 B ; logna's fatt .Ferrara civil mofi* 
 i- ado 1 1 a Learned ; fubtile Bergamo. 
 And Genoua's Pride , herfiately buildings fjvow* 
 Worthy Verona, bloudy Perugia, 
 Brefcia well-armed b and glorious Mantom. 
 Rimini good. Piftoia barbarous. 
 BablingSima. Lucca indufirioiu. 
 FodiphantaJlic\. Iqnd, Ravenna's^yW. 
 Singalia with naufeous air is fill d 
 Pifa is pendent : amorous^ Capua . 1 
 
 Pefaro flowry \ and K as all men fay) > 
 Ancona far front a good Port dothfiray.j 
 Urbinia her fidelity ifjirong. 
 McoYf round, andRecznatc long. 
 Foligno's candied fireets moft pleafant are. 
 The Ladies of Fano, fofmooth and fair, 
 Thatfaidthey are from Heaven fent to be 
 But Mo den a more happy is thenjbee. 
 
 FINIS, 
 

 - 
 
 I 
 
 
M 
 
 ' 
 
 
 13 
 
 
I