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 ,r**k. 
 
 'j^;-.^ 
 
 
 ^^ -.v 
 
 'tf: t 
 
 
 
 ]y ^Y 
 
 ">'■*..■': 
 
■■■:\ 
 
 ij^^ 
 
 y^^ 
 
 v^ 
 
 t^'- 
 
 5i^ 
 
 7 
 
■m^" 
 
THE 
 
 Builder's Director, 
 
 O R 
 
 BENCH-MATE: 
 
 BEING 
 
 A POCKET-TREASURY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 Grecian^ "Roman ^ and G^/Z'/V Orders 
 of Architecture, 
 
 Jjdade eafy to the meaneji Capacity by near 500 Examples. 
 
 Improved from the beft AUTHORS, 
 Ancient and Modern, 
 
 Of ?edeftals, Bafes, Shafts, Capitals y Colummy Archi- 
 tranjes, Freezes, Brackets, Cornices, Arches, Impojis^ 
 Key-Jiones, Trujfes, MoIJings of Raking Peciimt-nts, 
 Frontif pieces. Porticoes, Arcades, Colonades, Chimney - 
 Pieces i Fretts, GuilochVs, Groins, Weatherings, McId- 
 ings for Tabernacles, Frames^ Sec 
 PROPORTIONED 
 
 By Minutes and by Equal Parts, 
 
 The like ne<ver before Publijhed, 
 
 Engraved on 184 Copper Plates. 
 
 WHERE IN 
 
 The Orders of Andrea Palladio are truly 
 
 laid down, free from erroneous Meafures. 
 
 Written for the Ufe of Gentlemen delighting in True 
 Architecture; and for Majiers and IVorbnen to 
 Draw from and Work after. 
 
 #iT— 
 
 By Batty Langley, Archite6t. 
 
 1^0 N DO K : Printed for and fold by H. f i e r s , op • 
 pofite to Deanjireet, in High-Holborn. 1751. 
 
 Thofe who purchafe twelve Books together, or recom- 
 m end twelve Buyers, fliall havg One Cook Gratis, 
 
[in] 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 S the greateft Part of the Architec- 
 ture of Andrea Palladio, 
 publifhed by Leoni^ Ware^ Sec in 
 large Foho's, confifts chiefly of 
 Deiigns of Palaces, Bridges, and 
 Temples, which to Workmen are of little Ufe ; 
 and as thofe Books are of large Prices, beyond 
 the Reach of many Workmen, and too large 
 for Ufe at work ; I have therefore, for the com- 
 mon Good, extracted from the Works of that 
 great Mafter, all that is ufeful to Workmen ; 
 and which (with very large Additions of the 
 beft Examples in every Order, in this fmall Vo- 
 lume, which renders it an entertaining and in- 
 ftruclive Companion) I have made fully as plain 
 and intelligible, as they have done in their large 
 Folio's, and at fo eafy a Rate, as to be pur- 
 chafed by any common Labourer. 
 
 In the following Work, I have taken the ut- 
 moft Pains to lay down every Individual with 
 the ftrideft I ruth, as a late Author * pretends 
 to have done before me ; but, upon a juft Exa- 
 mination, 'tis evident he has not done fo. — As 
 for Example : In his lonick Entablature, whofe 
 Height fhould be equal to one 5th of the Co- 
 lumn, viz. ]o8 Mi?7. he has made it IC9 Mm, 
 and the Height of his Architrave, which Palladio 
 makes equal to one 6th of the Entablature, 
 viz. 36 Min. he has made 36 \~ Ailn, 
 
 And notwithftanding that the Projection of the 
 
 Qlma Rc^a^ called by Palladio. Gda Diritta, 
 
 • Ware, A ?, wliicn 
 
L IV J 
 which crowns the Entablature of every Order, 
 is never made greater than eqnal to its own 
 Height ; yet he has made that of the Tufcan to 
 exceed it I | Min. that of the Dorick l Min. 
 that of the lonick I Min. that of the Con?ithian 
 ■I Min. and that of the Co?npofite i Min. which 
 Palladia himfelf, was he hving, could not juftify. 
 To thefe I could add much more, which I o- 
 mit, and inftead thereof fhall lay down fome ge- 
 neral Rules, which fliould be known to every 
 Per Ion delighting in found ArchitecSlure, that 
 will be more ufeful ; viz, 
 
 Tufcan "^ Column, in- f" 7") Diameters of 
 
 Dorick I cli 
 
 lonick J> Bafe, 
 
 Corinthian \ and 
 
 Compojite j tal, 
 II. That the Height of the Bafe to the Column 
 of every Order, is always equal to the Semidia- 
 meter of the Column ; unlefs in the Tufcan Or- 
 der, whofe Cindlure (which is part of the Shaft) 
 is fometimes included in the Height of the Bafe, 
 as A, Page 8. 
 
 HI. That the Height of the Tufcan and Dorick 
 Capitals are alfo equal to the Semidiameters of 
 their Columns. 
 
 IV^. That the Height of the lonick Capital is 
 hut 20 Minutes, unlefs the entire Height of the 
 A'olute be included ; and then, from the Top of 
 the Abacus to the lower Part of the Volute, is 
 equal to a Semidiameter, as aforefaid. 
 
 V". That the Height of the Corinthian^ and the 
 Compofite Capitals, are each i Diameter and lo 
 Min. vix. loMin. to cac'i Abacus, and I Dia- 
 meter to each Ca?npana or Bell Fart. VI. 
 
VI. That the Height of the Tufcan anJ Donck 
 Entablatures, are always each equal to ~ ot the 
 Height of the Column ; and therefore the Height 
 of the Tufcan Entablature is i Diameter and |, 
 and the Dorick 2 Diameters. 
 
 VII. That the Height of ihc I cjuck ^Corinthians 
 and Compofite Entablatures, be each equal to i of 
 the Height of the Column ; and therefore 
 
 T-u TT • 1 f Ionic k -) Enta- ■) i D. 48 M, 
 The Height \ Co,^,^,^lan ( blature C 2 - o 
 ^^'^^ XCornpofite S\s ^2-0 
 
 VIII. That the Height and Proje<£i:ion of every 
 Cornice muft be equal, unlefs the Dorick^ which 
 when Mutules are introduced, its Projection is 
 greater, as in Plate 20. 
 
 theDimi-if^'f /''^^°.-); 
 
 dlontck >lumn,js«^-6 
 
 nation of j ^ . ^,. r^^„ ^ ■ 
 
 , / Lorinthian \ 2;ene- 
 
 ^^^ IConipoftte J rally 
 
 X. That the Upright of the Dado of every Pe- 
 deftal be directly under the Upright of the Plinth, 
 to the Bafe c f the Column ftanding over it. 
 
 Xf. That the Height of the Ped'eftal of every 
 Order be divided into 4 equal Parts, as in Pa2;e 8, 
 
 of which always give the lower i to the 
 
 Height of the Plinth D, \ of the next i to the 
 Height of the Moldings on the Plinth C 5 h?lf the 
 upper I to the Height of the Cornice A, and the 
 Remainder io the Height of the Dado B. 
 
 XII. That the Diameter of the Dado to the 
 Tw/r^'/PedcftaJ be always equal to its ownHcio-ht ; 
 and to the Height of the Mc-idings on its Piinch, 
 as in Page 8. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 of its Di- 
 ameter. 
 
[ vi] 
 
 XIII. That the Diameter of the Dado to the 
 Dorick Pedellal, be always equal to its own 
 Height, as in Page 19. 
 
 XIV. That the Diameter of the Dado to the 
 Ionic k Pedeftal be always equal to half the Height 
 of the whole Pedellai, as in Page 32. 
 
 XV. That the Semidianieter of the Dado to 
 tlie Corinthian and to the Conipifite Pcdcftals, be 
 each equal to f of the Height of the Plinth. 
 
 XVI. That the Projecflion of the Plinth, and of 
 the Cornice, before the Upright of the Dado in 
 every Pedeital, be always equal to the Height of 
 the Moldings on the Plinth, as in Pages 8, 19, 
 and 32. 
 
 XVII. That the lower Fafcia of every Archi- 
 trave, and the Prize of every Entablature, in all 
 the Orders, do always fland dire^lly over the 
 Upright of the fmalleft Part of the Shaft of the 
 Column or Pillafter, next under the Hollow of 
 its Aifragal, that thereby Solid ?nay rejl on SoJidy 
 and the whole have a true Bearing. 
 
 In every of the following Orders, before I pro- 
 ceed to exhibit their particular iVlembers, I have 
 given all theV^arieties of Cafes how to proportion 
 their principal Parts to any given Height, and to 
 find the Diameter of the Column, which mull 
 be firft known, as being the Scale by which we 
 give the Heights and Projections to all the Mem- 
 bers, according to their Mcafures affixed. And 
 therefore, in every Order, the Diameter of the 
 Column is fuppofcd to be divided either into 60 
 equal Parts called Minutes, as in the Orders of 
 Palladio ; or into 24 or 36 Equal Parts, as 
 in ihe Oidc^rs of that venerable Matter Jacomo 
 
 Barozzio 
 
[vH]- 
 
 Barozzio of Vlgnola^ which I have comprized 
 in this V/ork. 
 
 At the Bottoms of the following Pages, the 
 Kind of Meafure, by which the Member, are 
 formed, is fignified -, viz. By Minutes, Parts, 
 i^c. and in thofe Pagts where both Minutes 
 and 24th, ^V. Parts are ufcd together, the Mi- 
 nutes are diflinguifhed from the 24th, i^c. 
 Parts, by the Letter AI. 
 
 The Heights of the Members are exprefled 
 by the Number of Alinuies or Farts placed on 
 them, to be read upwards; and their Projections 
 are fignified by the Numbers placed at their 
 Extreams, which are accounted either from each 
 other's, Perpendiculars, as in the Entablature of 
 Palladio, Page 5 ; or from the Upright of 
 the Column, as in the Cornice in Page 10 ; or 
 from the Central Line, as in its Architrave. 
 
 In the laft Part of this Work I have given a 
 great Variety of Gothick Moldings for th^ Bafes 
 and Capitals of Colwims^ Arches^ Weatherings y 
 Jawnbs for Doors, Windows, Chimney-Pieces, 
 ^c. and the A4anner of defcribing them geo- 
 metrically of any Magnitude defired : Which 
 being entirely new, I hope v;iil be favourably 
 received, < 
 
 Batty Lang ley* 
 
 ^uly 14, 1746, 
 
 ^^^'^S' 
 
 ^ 
 
[ vlii ] 
 
 The Names of Moldings, ^c, 
 Andrea Palladio. 
 
 by 
 
 
 C 
 
 ^an Abacus, 
 an Annulet^ 
 an Architrave y 
 an Ajiragaly 
 a 2?^y>, 
 a Cavetto, 
 a C/w^ rc^a, 
 a C//;i<2 reverfa^ 
 a Cin^ure^ 
 a Cororay 
 a Dado, 
 a Dentil, 
 a /)ri»/>, 
 a Dnp, 
 
 a Fcjciiu 
 
 ^ I a F/7/ff, 
 § ^ a Fri-zc, 
 2. Metope, 
 a MediUon^ 
 a Module, 
 a Mu.ule, 
 the Neck of a 
 Tnjcan or 
 Doric Capi- 
 tal, 
 an Ovolo, 
 a Pcdejlal^ 
 a P/;V///;, 
 a />^//, 
 a Scotia, 
 , a Ttnia, 
 j^a Torui, 
 
 \ 
 
 C Aba CO. 
 
 Afincl/t. 
 
 an Architrave* 
 
 Tondino, 
 
 a LV^. 
 
 a Cavetto. 
 
 Gola diritta, 
 
 Gola reverfa* 
 
 Cunbia. 
 
 CoctQlat'.io^ 
 
 a Z>^^5. 
 i De7itilla, 
 
 2 j Gronda, 
 
 < ' i afcia. 
 ^^ ^Lijlello. 
 
 < S /rr-/^. 
 Metopa. 
 ModigHonm 
 Module. 
 Mutule, 
 
 CollarinOf 
 
 Ovolo. 
 
 Po^zi^* 
 
 Zoccolo, or 0;7?f 
 
 a /^wy/. 
 
 a Cavetto, 
 
 a Benda. 
 
 a Bajlone^ 
 
[ix] 
 
 An Explanatory INDEX. 
 
 ForYouNG Students inARCHiTECTURE* 
 A. 
 
 ABACUS, the uppermofl Memher, or Mem- 
 bers, on the O'volot ^c. in the Tiifcan or 
 Dorick Capital : Alfa the Cima re<verfa en 
 the lonick, and all the Members, ahonje the Volutes 
 and Leases, in the Corinthian and Compojlte Capitals. 
 
 Angle Brackets Page 148 
 
 — — are thus defcribed, viz. Let the Cwje 
 
 '» 3» 5> 7> 9> ^^S,' ^' ^^ a gi'ven Front Bracket, to 
 find the Cur^e xhfdh of the Angle Bracket. 
 
 Draw the Ordinates i. 2 ; 3.4; 5.6; 7. 8; at 
 Pleafure, and continue them to a x, the Bafe of the 
 Angle Bracket. 
 
 Make a b, equal to i . 2 ; <: ^^^ equal to 3 , 4 ; ef 
 equal to 5. 6 ; and g h equal to 7. ? ; Then from 
 b to X through the Extrean?.s of the Ordinates ^//&, 
 trace the Curve required. 
 
 X^ Note, T^he acute and ohtufe-angled Brackets 
 B and C are alfo formed by this Rule. 
 Aiir\\j\ttSytheThreefmall Fillets in the Dorick Capita I , 
 by Palladio <3;7^ Vignola 6, 17 
 
 C Goihicky or Ox-ey'd, Fig. F. — — - ") 
 
 ArchJ H«/r Lifd, Fig. A. . S 169 
 
 {_ Crocheted, Fig. E. J 
 
 Athenian, oi- Attic Bafe 71 
 
 Architrave, the !cu:£r?noft principal Part of an Entab- 
 lature^ 
 
 B Archi- 
 
t X r 
 
 Architraves to Toors and Windows, tliclr Breadths, 
 to he not lefs than i Sixth, nor more than i Fifth of 
 their Opening. 
 
 Architraves to Chimney Jaumbs, to be not more than 
 I Sixth f not lefs than I Eighth of the Vacuity. 
 
 Allragal, a Semi-circular Member, like a f mall Torus 
 tivith a Fillet under it.—^lt is tfsd to ter7ninate the 
 upper Parts of the Shafts of Columns and Filajlcrs ; 
 
 ' and on nvhich their Capitals are placed. 
 B. 
 
 BAlluflrade, its Height on an Entablature 147 
 Honx! proportioned ibid. 
 
 Block Cornices, ^ Varieties • ■ 14s 
 
 Bales Tufan ■ 5, 8 
 
 Dorick *— • — 15, 19, 72 
 
 lonick ^— 25, 30, 47, 72, 73 
 
 Corinthian, 41, 47, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 
 
 58,67,68,72,73 
 -— Compofite, ■■■ ■ 72, 73, 76, 81. 
 
 C. 
 
 CAmpana, the Bell of the Corinthian Capital, a- 
 gainf avhich the Lea<ves are placed^ as in 44 
 Cartelli, or Cartocci, a Trufs, placed to fupport an 
 Entablature, in the Place of a Column. 
 
 Cavetto, ho^v defcribed . • 1 1 6 
 
 Chimney-Pieces: 21 Varieties, 130, 131, 132, 133, 
 
 n4> i35» *36» i37» 'S^j ^39» H°» H'» H4» 
 146, 147. 
 
 To proportion their Parts. 
 
 Di-vide the Vacuity in 3, &C. Parts, as therein ex- 
 
 prejjed, and of thofe Parts, gi've to the Breadth and 
 
 Height of each principal Member, as denoted by the 
 
 Figures afixed. N. B. When the entire Height 
 
 of a Cornice to a Chimney-Piece is known, you are 
 
 then to work any Cornice therein at Pleafure ; for 
 
 Avhich Purpofe I have given 24 Varieties in 126, 
 
 127, 128. 
 
 rC^ And 
 
r xi ] 
 
 ^ AndofTtnias or "Bands to their Architra^vcsi Tha<it 
 gi-ve 4^ Varieties iniiGyWj, i i 8, 119, 1 20, 121. 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Cima Reverla \ •' 
 
 Column J the Seco?7d or Twiddle Principal Part of an 
 
 entireOrdtr iflandi77g onthePedcftal, ccvjijlingof three 
 
 pri7icipalPp.*t'i viz. its Bafe, ^hoft, and Capital. 
 
 Cinflure^ a Fillet or Ba?2d to the loijcer Part of the 
 
 Shaft cf a Column, as that on the ^orus of ihe Bafe 
 
 to the Tufcan Column S 
 
 CoUarino, the Neck of the Tufcan or Doricli Capital. 
 
 Coi-npofite Fedeflal, hy Palladio, 74. By B. L. 80 
 
 Compofite Bafe, by Palladio, 73. By Vignola, 72 
 
 — from the Ancients y 76. By^.l^, 8 1 
 
 Its Height 30 Minutes. 
 
 Compofite Column,- its Height 10 Diameters. 
 
 • It? Diminution j Sixth of its Z)/- 
 
 ameier next o'ver its Bafe. 
 
 ... — H01V prop:rtio7i£d to any Height, and to 
 
 find its Diameter > 37, 38, 39, 40. 
 
 Compofite Capital, hy Vitruvius 75 
 
 By Palladio, 70. By Vignola, 77 
 
 By B. L. 1 " 75, si 
 
 Its Height, 70 Minutes. 
 
 Compofite Entablature, By Palladio . 69 
 
 By Vignola. 7^t 79 
 
 By B. L. Sz 
 
 ' its Height 2 Diameters. 
 
 Compofite Modiglion. 
 
 ■ Intercolumnations, the fame as in the Co- 
 rinthian Order. 
 
 Compofite Soffit 87 
 
 • Imports, ^_)' Palladio, g$, 87. By B. L. 100 
 
 Com.pofite Doors, fguare and circular headed — 1 1 c^ 
 
 I 1 Ij I h4 
 
 • — Key Stone — 1 1 3 
 
 Cornicej the uppermof principal Part of an Entabla- 
 ture ; alfo that Part of a Pedefal nj^^hich projcTiS 
 .o-ver its Dado. 
 Cornices for Chimney-Piece:, i^Faritties. 126, 12-, 
 
 128 
 
[ xii ] 
 
 Cornices for Rooms, to find their "Height, 
 
 I. 0/ Tuscan Cornices. 
 If the Cornice is to be confidered as the Cornice of 
 an Entablature on a Colcmn only, then divide the 
 given Height in 3 ^ equal Parts, and give three of 
 thofe Parts to the Height of the Cornice. — But if 
 the Column is fuppofed to Hand on a Subplinth of 
 1 Diameter in Height i then divide the given Height 
 in 39 Parts, and give 3 to the Cornice. And if the 
 Column be fuppofed to Hand on a Pedeftal, then 
 divide the given Height in 43 1: Parts, and give 3 to 
 the Cornice. 
 
 H. 0/ DoRicK Cornices. 
 If the Cornice is to be confidered as the Cornice of an 
 Entablature on a Column only ; divide the given 
 Height in 40 Parts, and give 3 to the Cornice : But 
 if on a Column and Subplinth of i Diameter, 
 divide the Height in 44 Parts, and give 3 to the 
 Cornice j and if on a Column and Pedeflal, then divide 
 the Height in 50 Parts, and give 3 to the Cornice. 
 Hi. Of loNiCK, Corinthian, and Composite 
 
 Cornices. 
 If the Cornice Is to be confidered as the Cornice of 
 an Entablature on a Column only, then divide the 
 Height in i 5 Parts, and give i to the Height of the 
 Cornice : But if on a Column and Subplinth of i -j-\- 
 Diameter in Height, then divide the Height in 66 
 Parts, and give 4 to the Cornice. And, if on a 
 Column and Pedellal, then divide that given Height 
 in 75 Parts, and give 4 to the Cornice. 
 Corinthian Pedcilal a^/d Bafe. By Palladio 4 1 
 
 By B. L. 46 
 
 Corinthian Fafe. By Palladio, 73. Sy Vignol^, 72 
 
 in the Tt^n/n'e of Nefmcs, 51, 52, 54 
 
 i'i the TeMpU of ?eacey • 53 
 
 ^ in the Pia-zza and Temple of Ne va Tra- 
 
 janas 5v 5^ 
 
 .«««- in the femplo of Vgfla and Mars, 57, 58 
 
[ xiii ] 
 
 * ■ ■ /« the Temple of Antinos, » ' ' '■* 67 
 ■ in the Baptiflery of Conllantinc, — tk 
 — Its Height 30 Min. 
 
 Corinthian Column, its Height i o Diameters. 
 *" ' ' - ■ ■ ■ Its Diminution i Sixth of its Dia- 
 
 meter at its Bafe. 
 
 * ' ■ Ho'W pro*crtic7ied to any Heigh f% 
 and to find its Diameter y — — I7> 3§> 39» 40 
 
 Honx} fiutcd — Dii'ide the Girt or 
 
 Circumference of the Shaft next the Bafe, atid next 
 to the Jjiragal, each into 96 Parts ; ofivhich gi've 
 3 to each flute, and i to each Fillet. 
 
 ixjhen futedj hath 24 Flutes, and as 
 
 many Fillets. 
 Corinthian Capital. /// Height 70 Minutes. 
 ■ ^SyPalladio, 42. By Vignola, 44 
 
 45 
 By B. L. ^ — 43 
 
 Corinthian Entablature, Its Height 2 Diameters. 
 
 — By Palladio, 42. By Vignola, 45 
 
 ■ ■ ^within the Rotunda at Rome, 59 
 
 — of the Altars in the Rotunda, 60 
 
 ■ in the Temples of Mars and Vefta, 61, 62 
 
 • in the Temples of Peace and Antinos, i^c, 
 
 63, 64 
 
 ■— in the Temple r/* Jupiter Stator ■ 6$ 
 
 — • in the Temple of Pola 66 
 
 By B. L. 48 
 
 Corinthian Modiglion at large • 49, 50 
 
 Scfft 37 
 
 ///z/V?, h Palladio 98 
 
 ■ By Vignola and B. L. 99 
 
 Corinthian Doers < _- jcg^ jq^ 
 
 • Key Stone 1 1 3 
 
 ■•—-—- Tntercolumnations 97 
 
 Crocket-Arch. Ho^^ defcrihed. Fig. D. 168 
 
 B3 i^O. 
 
D 
 
 [ XIV ] 
 D. 
 
 O R I C K Pedeflal and Bafe. By Palladlo i ; 
 
 ^j B. L. 19 
 
 1 orick Bafe of the Column. By Palladio — ibid. 
 
 By X'ignola 72 
 
 By B. L. 19 
 
 Dorick Bafe. Its Height ;o Minutes. 
 Dorick Column. Its Height 8 Diameters nx:hcn alone ^ 
 and 8 \ DiamctcrSy 'when n.i:ith Filafters. 
 
 Its Diminution -} of its Diameter. 
 
 r — ". Hcn.K! ^rotortioned to any Height y an4 to 
 
 find its Diatnctcr^ -r — - • ?!» ^^» ^j> H 
 
 Hoix rujiicated, IC4, 105 
 
 Whenfiuted, ivith Flutes only. Di'vide 
 
 the Girt or Circumference of the Column into zo Parts, 
 undeach Part nxill be the Breadth of a Flute : But 
 ^vhen 'ivith Fillet/, dii'ide the Girt into "^o Parts ; 
 ofnx:hich gi-ve '^ to a Flute, and i to a Fillet. 
 Dorick Cnp.tal. Its Height 30 Minutes. 
 
 ,— i?y Palladio, ' 1 6 
 
 ■ By Vignola < . 17 
 
 • By B. L. -r — r 20 
 
 Dorick Entablature. Its Height 2 Diameters. 
 
 ^j Palladio, i6. ^^j* Vignola, 17. 
 
 By B. L. 20 
 
 Dorick Doors 104, 105 
 
 Dorick Impolls, hy Palladio ■ 92 
 
 • -^ Vigno'ja ^;/^ B. L. 93 
 
 Dorick Key-Stone /o //'/Wo'LUj loi, i;2 
 
 . to Doors ^ Sec. ' 104, 105 
 
 . Soffits 84, 85 
 
 —..^ Intercolumnaticns 01 
 
 Dado, the Dye, of that midrJe fquare Part of a Pe- 
 defal, contained bttnjuecn its Cornice and Bofe. 
 
 E 
 
 E. 
 
 Ntablature, the upper mo ji Principal Part of an 
 entire Order, confijling ef the Archjranje, 
 rrrze, and Cornice, 
 
 FLUiES 
 
[xv] 
 
 F. 
 
 LUTES, the Channelling c/thc Shafts of Co- 
 
 lumns and Pilafers, 
 — their Number in the Dorick Cslumn is 20. 
 
 /";/ the lonick, Corinthian, and Compojite 24, 
 
 their Depth equal to half their Breadth. 
 
 Fillets, the fat Internjals bet^iveen the Flutes. 
 
 Fret Ornaments, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 
 
 155, 156. 
 Frize, the 7niddle Principal Part of an Entahlature, 
 
 tvhich in the lonick Order is often inade fjoelling, as 
 
 in Page 28. 
 
 G. 
 
 GLYPHS, Channels, as thjyfe in the Dorick 
 Tr\ze, HK'hich being three in Number, viz, tijue 
 ^chole and tiva half ones, are thei-efore called Tri- 
 Glyphs, that is. Three Glyphs or Channels. 
 Goihick Bafes 160, 161, 162, 165, 166 
 
 — — — Capital — 161, 162, 164, 165 
 
 ■ — Arches i6S, are thus defcribed, viz. 
 
 (i) Fig. A, divide the given Breadth » 8 in S 
 Parts J on the Points 2, 6, defcribe the equi-Iateral 
 Triangle 2, 6, r, and draw the Lines t r q, and 
 s r /(jCutting X p rc\ p, and 7 ^ in ^ : On the Cen- 
 tres 2 and 6, defcribe the Hanch-Arches x z^ 
 and J' 7 ; and on p q the Arches z <v and ^j y, and 
 others concentrick, to form the Architrave ^t Plea- 
 fare. 
 (2) T:he Hair-lip' d Arch, Fig. B. 
 Divide the given Breadth d 10, in 10 Parts ; make 
 dc equal to 2 Farts, and draw the Lines c e z 
 — On the Points 2 and 8, deTcribe the Arches d e 
 and 10 h, and draw the Line e h\ — On the Point 
 5 defcribe the Semi-circle e^ioh^ and draw the 
 Lirie i u k pirallel to d ic— rMake n equal to 
 d I . and draw the Lines en and oh, which bi.'ed fti 
 t and n;. Bif eft e t, and / « in at and if j and h %» 
 ^nd 'v Qin g and /. 
 
 E 4 C]} 
 
F XVI ] 
 
 On the Points x and ov, raife the Perpendiculars x h 
 and nxji ; and on the Points g and /, the two Per- 
 pendiculars ^/^ and Iky and draw the Lines ihzxA 
 k<vf-j on the Centres ^ and /, defcribe the Arches 
 1 1 and / n j and on the Centres kfy the Arches o v, 
 and 1/ h. 
 
 ^The Hair-Lip'd Arch Fig. C is defcribed 
 in the fame Manner, and the Crocket- Arch Fig. D, 
 is fo plain to Infpedlion, that it needs no verbal De- 
 fcription. 
 
 Gothick Groins are thus defcribed. Fig. C 169. 
 
 Make the Ordinate a^ b, c, d\ &c. in Fig. C equal 
 
 to the Ordinates in Fig. A, and from 4 through 
 
 the Points h, q, ft hy Sec. to z, trace the Groin 
 
 required. Note, The Groin Arches Fig. D, G, /, 
 
 H, or any other Kind whatfoever, are found by 
 
 this Rule. 
 
 Gothick Columns y their Height is 6 Diameters y induditig 
 
 the Diameters of their f mall Cylinders ^ and their In- 
 
 tercolumnation is 4 Diameters. 
 
 Gothick Cornices _~— 174,175,176 
 
 . Moldings for Gates, 170 ; for Doors 171 
 
 wm — — . ... for Chimney faumbs — — 172 
 
 — •—'for Weatherings to Doors y See. 173 
 
 Gothick Cornices — 174, 175, 176, 177 
 
 I Chimney Pieces 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 
 
 183, 184. 
 
 *. ■ ■ Guilochi's ' 157, 158, 159 
 
 » Guttae, Drops, as thofe in the Dorick Archi- 
 
 trwvey under the Triglyphs, and in the Sojits of the 
 
 Muti/es, commonly called Bells, 
 
 H 
 
 H. 
 
 A I R-LipM Arch defcribed. Fig. C 168 
 
 ■' Groin, how defcribed, Fig. A 169 
 
 I. IN- 
 
[ xvii ] 
 
 I. 
 
 INtercolumnatlons, the Dijlance hetiveen t^vjo Co- 
 lumns. 
 lonick Pedeftal and Bafe of the CJumtit hy Pallodio 2^ 
 
 ^;'B. L. 32 
 
 lonick Bafes, hy Vitruvius ■ 30, 47 
 
 ■ ■ - by Palladio «5> 73 
 
 hy Vignola, 72 ; and^. L. ■ 32 
 
 lonick Column, its Height 9 Diameters* 
 
 ■ I ■ its Diminution, I Sixth of its Diameter. 
 ■■■!■ ■ Ho'w rujiicated • 1 06 
 
 ■ njohen fluted, hath 24 Flutes, and a: 
 many Fillets, in e'very RefeS^, as the Corinthian 
 Column. 
 
 ■ ' ■ Howi} proportioned to any Height y and 
 
 to find the Diameter 21, 22, 23, 24 
 
 lonick Volute 26 
 
 ■ ancient Capital y hy Palladio ■ 2 7 
 
 modern Capital — — 3 3 
 
 lonick Bafe ^z?^ Capital, hy Vitruvius 50 
 
 Capital and Entablature, hy Palladio 28 
 
 hy VigRola 29, hy B. L. 34, 35 
 
 ■ ■ from the Ancients — — . - i 
 lonick Entablature, its Height equal to i Fifth of the 
 
 Column. 
 
 • Modiglion, at l^^rge ■ 36 
 
 Doors, ic6, 107 — Soffits, S6. 
 
 ' Impofts : hy Palladio, g^ i hy Vignola 96 
 
 . hyB.L. 96 
 
 ■ Intercolumnations for Doors, &c. 94 
 Kgj -Stones to JFi 'A doivs loi 
 
 m to Doors J &c. 106, 107, HZ 
 
 K 
 
 K. 
 
 EY-Stones/o JFindoivs i o r 
 
 to fquare-headed Doors, 103, 105^ 
 
 107, 109 
 
 to 
 
{ xviii ] 
 
 to ft jmcircular-hea ded D 5 j;v,' I o 2 , 1 04.* 
 
 [06, icS. 
 
 - , Ho'W dtfcrihed, 1 1 2, 113 
 
 L. 
 ■ EAVE"^ of th" Corinthinn and Coinpofite Cnpi- 
 _j tab, their 'Thickr.cfs to be equal to tb^ Depth of 
 a Flute, at the Jjiragal of the Column. 
 
 M 
 
 ODIGLIONS: lonick at large 36 
 Corinthian — ^g, c;© 
 
 Coir.pofite 
 
 Module, the Dm^ieter of a Column at its Dafe, di- 
 
 indcd into 60 Miuutes. 
 Juloldingsycr Arch.tia<ves fo Door:\ is'e. 48 rarieiies, 
 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121 
 » ■ — — for Tf:htri7acle Frames 129 
 
 . fr Cornices io Cl/i7nney FieceSy 24. Varieties, 
 
 126, 127, 128 
 « — for Gothick Gates and Doors * 70> ^ 7 ' 
 
 — far Gothick GLimncy f aumhs 1 7 2 
 
 . for Weatherings to Gothick IVindo-ivSy 8cC. 1 75 
 
 Metope, that L.ternjal ifi the Doric k Frize^ i^hich 
 
 is contained het^veen tx<:o Friplyphs, 
 Minute, the 6cth Part of tlie Diameter of a Column, 
 
 next to its Bale 
 M'itile, a Kird of Modilion, fometimes ufed to fup- 
 
 port the C io::a of the Dorick Cornice, and is 
 
 paced direiUv over a Tri^l\ph, having its Sofli^ 
 
 enriched with Gutta's or Drops, called Beilsi as i^ 
 
 S„ 85. 
 
 O. 
 
 AnrniirejT^ '^ D ^ R : Us V rind pol Forts are the 
 V..^ Pid'ftaly C lumn and Enta'jlntiire, 
 *Tht 5 Oracrs of Columns are thus ddineaicd. 
 
 I. ]?/ 
 
I. By Modules and Minutes. 
 
 ^he Diameter being gii!ef7y cr feu ad as in Pages r, ?, 
 3, 4; II, 12, 13, 14; 21, 22, 23, 24 ; 37, ?,8, 
 39, 40 ; divide it in 6 ^■^z/.'?/ Parts ; andoneoftboj'e 
 Parts into 10, and then the ivho'e may he /aid to be 
 di~jided in 60 Parts y called Minutes. 
 
 C£ thefe Minutes, maAe the Height and ProjeSricn of 
 e^-ery Membe:- , equal to the ISurnhcr cf Minutes af- 
 fixed to ihdiiy as in Page 5 .* A::d then form their 
 Extr earns or Profiles, as is /Ir-xiv; in Pa^e 116. 
 
 11. By the 24/^'^ or 36^^/of theDiametcr, according 
 to GiACOMO BaROZZIO oiVignola, 
 
 Di'vide the Diamettr ii.to 24 Parts, as in Page 7, or 
 36ths, as in Page 29 ; andofthcfe Parts, make the 
 Heights and Projtfiicns of each Tnember equal to the 
 dumber cf Parts ajf.xed to them, as bffore of Mi- 
 m:cs. 
 
 III. By equal Part=;. 
 I. The Tuscan Order. 
 
 :. Divide the entire Height in 5 Parts, as a b Page i ; 
 the lower 1 is the Height of the Pedeital ; — i^y, 
 divide the upper 4 Parts, as e f, in 5 Parts, the 
 upper I is the Height of the Entablature ; — 3diy, 
 divide the lower 4 Parts in 7 Parts, i is the Diame- 
 ter of the Column ;— r-4thly, fubJivide tiic Height 
 of the Pedeftal in 4 Parts, as in page S ; give 1 to 
 the Plinth ; one third of i to the Moldings on the 
 Plinth; ^ of the upper i to the Cornice, and the 
 Remains to the Dado ; — 5thly, divide the PIdght 
 of the EntabUrure in 7, of which give 2 to the 
 Architrave, 2 to the Prize, and 3 to the Cornice 
 II. The DoRicK. Order. 
 
 The Height of .'he Pede'ia', is a ^th of the Whole, 
 Page 1 1 ; and the Height of the Entablature is a 
 5th of the Remain?, as before in theTuican Order; 
 — rdivide the 4 reniainii^g Parts in 8 Farts, 1 is the 
 Diameter of the Column — The Parts of the Pede- 
 itai are proportioned ao thoie of the Tufcan, but 
 
 the 
 
fxxl 
 
 the Height of the Entablature muft be divided in 
 g, as in Page 20, of which give 2 to the Archi- 
 trave, 3 to the Frize, and 3 to the Cornice. 
 Jir. The loNiCK Order. 
 
 The Height of the Pedeftal is a 5th of the Whole as 
 before, but the 4 remnining Parts muft be divided 
 in 6 Parts, of which the upper 1 is the Height of 
 the Entablature, and the other 5 of the Column, 
 and which being divided in q Parts, i is the Diame- 
 ter of the Column. — The Parts of the Pedeftal are 
 found as in the other Orders ; but the Height of 
 the Entablature muft be divided into 10 Parts, of 
 which give 3 to the Architrave, 3 to the Prize, and 
 4 to the Cornice, as in Page 34, 35. 
 IV. The Corinthian and Composite Orders. 
 
 The Height of the Pedeftal is a 5th of the Whole, 
 and the Height of the Entablature is a 6th of the 
 Remains, as before in the lonick ; but the 5 re- 
 maining Parts muft be divided in 10 Parts, i of 
 which is the Diameter of the Column. — The Parts 
 of the Pedeftal are here the fame as in all the pre- 
 ceding Orders, and the Entablature being divided in 
 10 Parts, as in the lonick, give 3 to the Architrave, 
 3 to the Frize, and 4 to the Cornice. Vide Page 48. 
 
 1^ Note, The Suhdi'viftons 0/ the refpeBi'ue Members 
 of the preceding Principal Parts y in enjery of the 
 Orders being plain to In/peSliont need no further Ex- 
 planation. 
 
 Ordinates, right Lines parallel to the central Line of a 
 Figure, as ^ ^, cd, ef, gh, is'c. in Figure sC, Page 
 169, njchich are parallel to their central Lines Qz. 
 
 Ovolo. honxj defer i bed ■ I « 6 
 
 Ox-Ey'd Arch, Fig. F — 169 
 
 P. 
 
 PEdeftal, the loivermojl Principal Part of an en- 
 tire Order, confjiing of 3 Principal Parts, viz. 
 its Bafe, Dado, and Cornice, Note, their Height in 
 
 rverj 
 
I xxi ] 
 
 en; fry Order is l Fifth of the Height of the entire 
 
 Order. 
 Pediment, its Height or Pitch in the Tifcan Order is 
 
 equal to I Fourth of its Extent; l~ut in e-very of the 
 
 other Orders, the Height is equal to 2 Ninths of its 
 
 Extent, 
 I open on Trujfes, dl'vide their entire Breadth 
 
 in 22 Farts — . — 145 
 
 - .1 . .. broken — — I42 
 
 -raking and retarned Moldings of Pedi- 
 
 ments are thus formed^ Fig. A B C — 142 
 
 Let Fig. A, be the Cima Refta of the level Cornice ; 
 draw the Ordinates 3, 4 ; 5, 6 ; 7, 8 ; at Pleafure, 
 and continue them to imn; from whence draw the 
 Lines / ;-, tn t and n n.v. — Draw a y Fig, B, and o^s: 
 Fig. C — make the Ordinates c d and r /, each equal 
 to the Ordinate 3 4 ; alfo ef and t f, each equal 
 to the Ordinate 56 ; alfo o-i^ and 10 Xy each equal 
 to the Ordinate 7 8 j then from the Point ^, Fig. B, 
 through the Points dfh to the Point y, trace the 
 Raking Cima ; and from the Point q^ Fig. C, 
 through the Points s u x^to the Point s, trace the 
 returned Cima, which are the Moldings required. 
 
 N. B. The Raking and returned Cima Renjerfa D, 
 the Ca<vetto E, and the O-voIq F, are all found 
 in the preceding Manner. 
 
 Piano, the plain Fafcio of an Architrave, as in 124, 
 125. 
 
 Pilafters, their Heights ofBafes, Shafts and Capitals^ 
 in every Order, 0,re the fame as of Columns. 
 
 ^ Note, njuhen Pilajiers are ufed njuith Columns , their 
 Shafts mufi have the fame Diminution as the Co- 
 lumns : But njchen they are ufed alone, they fwuld not 
 be dimimjhed. 
 
 Pilafters are fluted as following, viz. divide the Breadth 
 in 29 equal Parts, of vjhi(h givf I to each Fillet, 
 and ^ to each Flute, 
 
 Bat 
 
[ xxii 1 
 
 ^f ?A:t if 'tis required, that tlity fliould have a Bead 
 at each Anple : 'i'hcn 
 
 o 
 
 Di-viJithe Breadth in 31 eqiinl Parts^ bf which gii-e f 
 
 to each Bead, and the cthi-r 29 to the Filhts and 
 
 Flutes as before. 
 Portico's are thus proportion iU viz. 
 Four 4 Columns : 
 Di-uide the ojtven Front in 23 Farts, ttvo of nvhich is 
 
 the Dia.'f eter of the Cohwin ; then give 3 Diameters 
 
 in the ('dear to the Middle^and 1 ^r j3iameters to each 
 
 Side Inttrval. 
 
 For 6 Columns : 
 Divide the given Front in i S Parts, I Part is the Di- 
 
 ainctcv. 
 ^hen give 3 Diam. to the M^ddir, and 2 -^ Diameters, 
 
 in the Clear, 10 the Sides as before. 
 
 R. 
 
 RUilicated Col-imns loz, ic.-f, 106 
 
 Rullick Qiioin 7 
 
 Rullicks Champhered \ ^^^ 
 
 Sec 
 
 s. 
 
 COT I A, a holh-M Member cf the Bofe of a Co- 
 
 umn, as that nu7nhircd /\ in 53 
 
 . Ho^v dfcribed, vide 51, 55, 54, 55, 56, 57, 
 
 .;S 67, 68, 74, 76. 
 
 Shaft of a Column, or Pilaftcr, /j that Part ^.vhich it 
 
 contained betnx'efn its Bafe and Capital, and is dimi- 
 
 nftcd from 1 Third of their Htight^ up to the Hol- 
 
 lovo, under the Fillet of their Jfragal. 
 
 Shafts ot Gothick Columns — = — • 167 
 
 Sofit, the under i^art of the Corona of a Cornice, as in 
 
 Pages 84, 85, 86, 87 
 
 Subpli: th, a Pedefial ivith'jut Bnfe or Cornice, as A 
 and )ii Page 14. 
 
 T. 
 
 TAhernacle Frame Mo/d'ngs •* i?g 
 
 Tenia's or Bands for Arcliitraves to Dvoors, 
 Windows and Chimney Piece", 48. I'aritties in 
 P'.tges 116, 11;, iiS, 119, izO, 121. 
 
[ ^™ ] 
 
 Trigh'ph, vide fhe JVord Glyphs in Letter- G. 
 
 . //; Breadth 30 Minutes. 
 
 — their Dijlance is equal to their Height ^ inhicb 
 
 is ge 77 cr ally. 4- , Mi77Utes. 
 
 their Glyphs ho^.v di'vidcd, f:e Page 1 7. 
 
 Truiles to Doors and Windows 1 1 5 
 
 Tufcan Pedellal, by B. L . ^ 
 
 Bafe of the ColnmTi, hy Palladio ^ 
 
 ^ — by Vignolaj Fig. A \ ^ 
 
 hy B. L. Fig. B S 
 
 . Its Height \o Mir.utes. 
 
 Tufcan Col'Jmn, its Height 7 Diameters, including the 
 
 Bafe and Capital. 
 . J:s Diminution l Fourth of its Diametsr 
 
 next to its Bafe. 
 
 Proporticned to any Height, a'nd 1 find the 
 
 Diameter • i, 2, 3, 4 
 
 Hoi.>j Rufticated — ■ • 102 
 
 Tufcan Capital and Entablature. 
 
 . . By Falladio, Page 5. By Vignola, 6 
 
 . from the Ancients, Page 7. hy \^. i^. 8 
 
 ■ — A ^tty Variety, 10 
 
 Tufcan Doors ^ 102, 103 
 
 Tufcan Impofls. By Palladio, . g^ 
 
 By Vignola and^. L. ^o 
 
 Tufcan Key-Stones for Windows. 10 1 
 
 Par Doors, 103. For Arches, 92, 1C2 
 
 Tufcan Intercolumnations SS 
 
 V. 
 T70L UTE lonlck • — - 26 
 
 V In defcribing the Jonick Volute, Page 26, it 
 is to be obferved. — i. That the Centre of its Eye 
 be placed direftly under the Bottom of iis Abacus y 
 and againll: the Middle of the Aftragal, as in Page 
 28. 2dly, That the Diaa.eter of tne Eye be equal 
 to the Height of the Aiiragal ; viz.. i Eighth of the 
 intire Height of the Volute, as in Page 26. — 
 That therein be infcribed a Geom;;trical Square, 
 
 WJth 
 
r xxiv ] 
 
 tvith its Semi-Diameters divided, each in 3 equal 
 Parts, at the Points 6. 10 ; 5. 9; 1 1. 7 ; and 12. 8. 
 in the Eye of the Volute at large j which are the 
 Centres o\\ v^'hich the Contour, or Out-line of the 
 Volute is defcribed, ^ciz. The Point 1 is the Centre 
 of the Arch x i b -^ the Toint 2 of the hrzh. b I d i 
 the Point 3, of the Arch do f ; the Point 4, of the 
 Archfqh, ^c. And then, each of thofe Parts 
 being fubdivided into 3 Parts j the firft next to the 
 aforefaid 12 Centres, marked thus *, are the 12 
 Centres on which the Infide Curve of the Volute is 
 defcribed. 
 
 WEatherings for Gothick Windows and Doors 
 173 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 BOOKS printed and fold by H. PIERS. 
 
 FOLIO. 
 
 Vltruvius's Architedure, in three Volumes Le- 
 oni's Palladio with fine Cuts by Picart. Ware's 
 Palladio and Cole's Palladio. Gibbs's Architedure 
 and Rules of Drawing. Inigo Joneses Defigns, by 
 Kent, two Volumes, Pozzi's Perfpeftive, in Latin 
 and Englifh. Swans Architedlure, ^c . 
 Q^U A R T O. 
 Langley's Dtfigns and Gothic Order. The Jefuit's 
 Perfpeftive. Hoppus's Architedlure. Salmon's Lon- 
 don Art of Building. Langley's fure Guide to Buil- 
 ilers. Price's Carpenter, i5c. 
 
 OCTAVO, iffc. 
 Le Clerc's Architefture. Proportionable Archi- 
 Jedure. Langley's Cheft-book. Halfpenny's Ar- 
 ch itedure. Builder's Jewel. Miles's concife Prac- 
 tical Meafurer, ^V. 
 
 m E N 2>. 
 
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