?y?K'a*yy?'-j' H.H. m PRIVATE. [55 Copies printed for the Commissioners^ use only.l A SPECIAL REPORT ON THE ANMIAL INTEMATIONAL EXHIBITI0I8 OP THE TEARS 1871, 1872, 1873, AND 1874 BT HENRY COLE, C.B., ACTING COMMISSIONER IN 1873 and 1874, PRESENTED BT THE BOARD OF MANAGEMENT TO HER MAJESTY'S COMMISSIONERS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF 1851. CoV. LONDON: PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, PKINTEKS TO THE QUEEN's MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. 1875. A SPECIAL EEPOET ON THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS OF THE YEARS 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874, HENRY COLE, C.B., Acting Commissioner in 1873 and 1874, PKESENTED BY THE BOARD OF MANAGEMENT TO H. M. COMMISSIONERS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF 1851. 1. The relatioiis between the International Exhibitions which took place in 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874, under the responsi- bility of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851, and the Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences and the Royal Horticultural Society, have been so intimate as to make it desirable to commence this Report by recapitulating briefly the arrangements made between the Commissioners and the Councils of the above-mentioned institutions. 2. In the Commissioners' Eifth Report attention was called Origin to the communications which had passed in the year 1862 ^i^ert hS between the Commissioners and the Committee appointed by the Queen to advise Her Majesty on the subject of the Memorial to the Prince Consort. The Commissioners pointed out that this Committee recommended that " the Memorial " should consist of a Personal Monument in Hyde Park, " between Rotten Row and the Kensington Road, and a " Central Hall to be placed on our estate in a direct line " between the Monument and the centre of the Conservatory " of the Royal Horticultural Society," and the opinion of that Committee was quoted, " that a Hall, forming a central " point of union where men of Science and Art could meet, 35841. a 2 V SPECIAL REPORT ON THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ' where the results of their labours, with a view to the special ' purposes indicated by the Committee, could be communicated ' and discussed, and where deputies from affiliated societies ' throughout the United Kingdom could occasionally confer ' with the metropolitan authorities, might be fitly recommended ' as marking, with the Monument, the general object of the ' institutions in their vicinity." 3. The Commissioners' E-eport then continues thus : — " The ' Committee in support of this recommendation quoted passages ' from our own Second Report of 1852 to the Crown, and from * public speeches delivered on various occasions by his Royal ' Highness himself. In the reply which Her Majesty directed * to be made to the Committee on the 18th July 1862, Her ' Majesty conveyed her entire and cordial approval of their * recommendation that a Central Hall of the character pro- ' posed by them, and which might hereafter be made to form ' part of a general institution for the promotion of scientific and * artistic education should be erected in connexion with the * Personal Monument to be placed directly opposite to it in * Hyde Park." Her Majesty further expressed her anxious wish ' that the establishments already placed upon our estate, as * well as those that might be expected to come there, should * be considered as a whole," and constitute *' one great and com- ' prehensive institution, having for its object to increase the * means of industrial education and extend the influence of ' Science and Art upon productive industry, and forming the * most lasting and worthy Memorial of the Prince's untiring ' and unselfish exertions for the general good." (See page 21-24, Pifth Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners.) 4. The question of erecting this Central Hall was postponed : but in 1868 His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, as Presi- dent of a Provisional Committee for erecting the Hall, brought the subject before Lord Derby, the President of the Commis- sioners, and a series of resolutions were passed, which are given in the Pifth Report. In the 8th resolution it was stated that the erection of a Central Hall was a prominent feature of the scheme intended to increase the means of industrial education EXHIBITIONS OF THE YEARS 1871, 3 872, 1873, 1874. and extend the influence of Science upon productive industry, and that the erection might serve (in the words of the Commis- sioners' Second E/cport) " to provide for men of Science and " Art a centre of action and exchange of the results of their " lahours, and also assist in affording instruction and recreation " for the greatest numher of human beings." 5. The Hall was built at a cost of about 210,000/., of which the public subscribed about 110,000/., and the Com- missioners gave 80,000/. The site, of the value at the time of 60,000/., on which it was built was part of the Commissioners' estate, and the land was leased to the Corporation of the Hall for 999 years at a nominal rental. 6. On the 18th July 1868 a letter was received from the Provisional Committee of the Hall of Arts and Sciences, submitting, for the favourable consideration of the Commis- sioners, a scheme, dated 30th March 1868, proposing the establishment of Annual International Exhibitions of Arts and Sciences on the Commissioners' estate, in connexion with the Hall and the Horticultural Gardens. This letter trans- mitted the following extracts : — (18th July 1868.) Extract from Minutes of a Meeting of the Provisional Com- mittee OF the Koyal Albert Hall, held at Marlborough House on 15th July 1868. The Provisional Committee desire to recommend to Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 the favourable consideration of the proposed plan of annual international exhibitions, and to expi-ess their hope — 1st, that the Commissioners will promote the scheme by subscribing 100,000/. as a guarantee, on the condition that 200,000/. are previously raised by private guarantee ; and — 2nd, that the Commis- sioners win undertake the responsibility of the management. Page 26, Fifth Report. Building of the hail. Rojal Albert Hall and the International Exliibition. Annual International Exhibitions of Arts and Sciences in London. 1. International exhibitions of industry, although much diverted from their original intention, as lately happened at Paris, afford such valuable means of comparing each nation's progress in works of art and industry, that they ought not to be abandoned, but should be reorganized with the light of past experience. vi SPECIAL REPORT ON THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL 2. With the view therefore of deriving the greatest practical advan- tage from such displays, it is desirable to revert to some such annual exhibitions as were held by the Society of Aits in several years previous to 1851, under the presidency of the Prince Consort. Accordingly, it is proposed to hold an exhibition every year of snne one class or some few classes of manufactures which have been prepared expressly to show novelty, invention, or special excellence. From such an exhibition objects obtainable in ordinary commerce and those which have been already exhibited would be excluded. The exhibition wou^ld thereft)re be very select and limited in size. Thus in one year might be exhibited metals, manufactures in metals, and the machinery necessary for their production ; in another year some classes of woven fabrics and tlif ir machinery ; in a third year pottery, &c., and it is considered that in five years the whole circle of the chief products of human industry would be exhibited. 3. But every year there might be exhibited illustrations of very remarkable discoveries in science as well as works of fine art and manu- factures in which art was the express feature. 4. It is proposed that all works should be a. Sandford, Sir M. Digby Wyatt, Mr. Cole, Mr. Gibson, Dr. Play fair, and Mr. Hedgrave, should be the Committee for recommending purchases from that Exhibition. About 3,000/. were expended in the purchase of objects out of the Exhibition of 1871. These objects, with some others, are held on loan by the South Kensington Museum for circulation to local museums and schools. In the year 1872, collections of peasant jewellery were purchased from foreign countries not likely to send them. These have since been sold to the South Kensington Museum, where they have tended to complete a representation of jewellery which is quite unrivalled in any other museum. Gifts. 78. Several gifts of objects were made to the Commissioners Gifts, as was done in the Exhibition of 1851. But the Commissioners were imable to accept many. Conclusion. 79. After the state of the financial results of the Exhibition of Couclusion. 1873 had been sufficiently ascertained, the Commissioners met in March 1874 to consider the prospects of the fourth Exhibition about to be held. At this meeting the Earl of Carnarvon, who had acted as the Chairman of the Board of Management for about a year, tendered his resignation, having accepted office as Her Majesty's secretary of state for the colonies, and he laid before the Commissioners his views of the state of the affairs of the Commission. He said that when, by the wish of His Royal Highness, he undertook the duties of that position, he found that he had undertaken an arduous task 35841. c xxxir SPECIAL REPORT ON THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL and one surrounded by difficulties; and he now relinquished them with the work only half done, and with the difficulties still unvanquished, and perhaps even greater than ever. He considered that the future conduct of the affairs of the Com- missioners would require constant attention, care, and wariness ; the property in the trust of the Commissioners was large, and the interests involved in its administration large and most important. He then proceeded to comment on the principal subjects dealt with by the report, commencing with the financial statement of the results of the three past Annual International Exhibitions, With reference to the expenditure on the capital account, which had been incurred in providing permanent buildings, machinery, and fittings for the Exhibitions, and had been met by votes made at various times by the <^ommissioners out of funds raised by mortgage of their estate, he thought it might be assumed that they had received the value of their money. The revenue account appeared at first sight to show a satisfactory result, the two sides nearly balancing each other ; but a closer examination would detect signs from which un- satisfactory inferences must be drawn. He pointed oat that the Exhibition of 1871 had resulted in a profit of about 17,000Z. ; a profit which had been swallowed up by the losses entailed by the Exhibitions of the two succeeding years. These losses had reduced the balance of profit on the three years to a merely nominal amount. The deficiency in the last two years had not been caused by undue expenditure, for the expenditure had been reduced to the lowest point consistent with efficiency, but by the great decrease in the receipts for 1872 and 1873 as compared with those for 1871 ; a decrease which was explained by the diminution in the number of visitors. He thought it necessary to mention these facts in the most explicit manner, though they w^ere clearly set forth in the report of the Board of Management, in order that he might not be charged with having shrunk from bringing the true financial position of the Aimual Exhibitions before the Commissioners. On the other hand, it was fair to point out that large sums charged on the revenue of the Exhibitions consisted of payments to the E-oyal Horticultural Society and the Royal Albert_ Hall ; but he thought EXHIBITIONS OF THE YEARS 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874. xxxv the Commissioners would do right to look on the property held by those institutions as part of one general system with the Annual Exhibitions. With regard to the scheme of Annual Exhibitions, he was quite satisfied of their value as instruments of education, but he was bound to say that it appeared to him that, regarded simply as a financial undertaking, the success of the first year had not been maintained. The Exhibition of 1874 had been launched beyond recall, but he suggested that no further Exhibition should be embarked upon until it was seen how that of the present year turned out during the first two months ; and if no improvement appeared over that of last year, he thought the Commissioners would do well to consider whether any and what modifications of the scheme should be made. In all probability the success of the Exhibition of 1873 had been affected by the one held in Vienna ; but he thought that by the 1st of June it could be seen whether the depression which characterised that Exhibition was likely to continue for the future. If the advice he offered were accepted, care would have to be taken that no obligation or liability should be con- tracted with regard to an Exhibition in any subsequent year until the future action of the Commissioners was settled. Lord Carnarvon next passed on to the relations between the Com- missioners and the Hoyal Horticultural Society, which were in an unsatisfactory condition. With reference to th^ subject of an organized scheme of technical instruction through the medium of the Annual Exhibitions, in which his Royal High- ness the president had taken so much interest, Lord Car- narvon stated that the city companies had, as he believed, applied themselves heartily to the work; and if the Exhi- bitions should continue he thought the Commissioners would derive great benefit from the co-operation of those bodies. 80. The apprehensions entertained of the financial result of the Exhibition of 1874 were realized, and after two months ex- perience, it was decided that the Exhibition of 1874 should be the last of the series. At its close it appeared that the receipts had considerably fallen below those in 1873. Summing up briefly the results of the four exhibitions, — xxxvi SPECIAL REPORT ON THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL Summary of 81. The receipts and number of visitors to each of the numberVo/ Exhibitions were as follows (Appendix LXV., p. 208) : "visitors. Gross receipts. Total Number of Visitors. 1871 £ s. d. 76,433 16 11 1,142,154 1872 39,306 6 647,160 1873 27,761 16 8 499,842 1874 16,399 2 3 466,745 82. The question naturally presents itself to what causes might this progressive decline be attributed. The success of 1871 had greatly surpassed expectations, when the estimates of the receipts were made. But there were two circumstances which made this success exceptional. Nine years had elapsed since an International Exhibition had taken place and novelty had much to do with its attractiveness. The Exhibition of 1871 was opened with a state ceremony presided over by His Hoyal Highness the Prince of Wales. The original scheme of com- bining the Exhibition with the Horticultural Gardens and the Royal Albert Hall was carried out in 1871, which became impossible in the following years. Visitors to the Exhibition had admission to the Gardens on easy terms, or without extra charge. 83. It was hardly to have been expected that the receipts for each following year would be maintained at the same amount. There was accordingly a considerable decline in the year 1872, but still the amount takea was more than su£&cient to defray the actual charges of management. Difficulties 84. In 1873 there was a still further and more serious Horticultural decline in the receipts, owing to the diflSculties raised by the Society. Horticultural Society. Tlie visitors were excluded from the use of the Gardens by a prohibitive charge, and could only cross the Gardens at one passage in the open air, and for this privilege the Commissioners paid the sum of 1,OOOZ. The privilege was so little used by the visitors that it was ii EXHIBITIONS OF THE YEARS 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874. xxxvh not worth purchase for the Exhibition of 1874. In this year the conveniences of circulation were still further diminished, and the Horticultural Society demanded and received a pay- ment of 750Z. for the right of passage only over the quadrants and through the orchard houses which the funds of the Commis- sioners had paid for. It cannot be doubted that the restrictive barriers throughout the Exhibition, which precluded the visitor not only from using the gardens at all but increased greatly the distances, fretted the visitors and damaged the receipts. 85. An exhibition to be remunerative should be attractive, and pleasurable to the general public, but the exhibitions since 1871, owing to the causes above stated, had ceased to be pleasurable. 86. I would submit that it cannot be said that a conclusive Imperfect trial has been given to the experiment of a series of annual Inter- national Exhibitions. The chances of success would probably have been increased had it been possible to have given effect to various suggestions the desirability of which had appeared at different times. Thus, a guarantee, suggested in 1869, would have created an interest and enlisted public support for the work (see p. v.). The intention of managing the Exhibitions, the Horticultural Gardens, and the Hall as an unity was frustrated. The connexion of the railway with the Exhibition and Hall was not made ; even a covered passage from the rail- way for pedestrians was not made. A communication between the Exhibition and the South Kensington Museum was not made. The carriage approaches at the north — contemplated when the Royal Albert Hall was decided on — were not made. The refreshment rooms were inconveniently placed, and defec- tive in proper accommodation. The public suffered incon- veniences accordingly, and became more and more alienated, although the respective Exhibitions themselves each year became more complete and instructive. Thus, in the last Exhibition nothing was wanting to complete the exhibition of lace, both ancient and modern, and its processes, as well as that of wines, both of which had been unequalled in any former Exhibitions ; and, in the preceding year, the exhibition xxxviii SPECIAL REPORT ON THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL Financial loss. of carriages was the most extensive and complete of any that had ever been made. 87. The financial loss occasioned by the series of four years Exhibitions, after taking credit for value of purchases of art objects in hand (3,364Z.), has been under 13,000^. This is independent of the investment of 126,383^. in the works specified on p. 209, and chargeable to capital account. If these Exhibitions be viewed from the point of public instruc- tion as Collections showing the progress of Art and Science applied to the productive industry of the day, this sum divided over the total number of visitors to the Exhibitions (2,755,900) amounts only to a subsidy of Kttle more than a penny a head. And this result contrasts very favourably with the cost of all educational efforts, and especially with the aid voted by Par- liament to attract 'visitors to the National Museums. At the British Museum the cost per vi:?itor is nearly 4s. each, and at the South Kensington Museum it is about Is. Sd. The con- clusion must be that Industrial Exhibitions treated as instru- ments of public instruction entail much greater financial risks than if mere popularity were made the first consideration. No International Exhibition has had the pecuniary success and popularity of the first in 1851, and years of experience of Exhibitions in all parts of the world show that it still remains a model for imitation. 88. Any further experiment in continuing the late series of annual International Exhibitions entailed risks which the present state of the annual income at the disposal of the Commissioners did not appear to justify, and I did not hesitate, when the Com- missioners asked my opinion, to advise, though I did so with regret, their discontinuance. I felt that the Exhibitions had rendered benefits to Science and Art applied to productive industry, and had been an experiment which fully deserved trial and its cost ; and I am bound to say, expressing my own conviction only, that if the plan as originally projected could have been carried out in its entirety, by working the Exhi- bitions, the Albert Hall, and the Hoyal Horticultural Gardens as an unity, the Exhibitions would have succeeded and become EXHIBITIONS OF THE YEARS 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874. xxxix a permanent and at least a self-supporting institution in the country. 89. I have thus endeavoured to render a brief account of the proceedings taken in respect of four annual International Exhibitions. I submit that they have helped to bring into useful comparison modern works of Science and Art produced by various nations, and may be said to have promoted Science and Art applied to productive industry. In conclusion, I beg leave to use the words of the Commissioners of the Great Parent Exhibition of 1851, and to say that in a limited degree " these " Exhibitions have been some means of advancing the happiness " and prosperity not only of this but of all other countries, " and of strengthening the bonds of peace and friendship ** throughout the world." (Signed) Henry Cole. E-oyal Albert Hall, 6th May 1875. CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX. Appendix I. II. iir. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. VIIIa. IX. IXa. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. Pagb - I Commissioners for Exhibition of 1851 from 1850 to 1875 Official Directories Commissioners and Staff for 1871 1872 >y » » i873 1874 Announcements. First Announcements of 1871 Announcements of 1872 and 1873 ... Arrangements for the Nine Years' Exhibitions after 1871 - 37 General Regulations for Annual International Exhi- bitions, issued in 1873 ----.- Special Regulations for 1874 - - State Ceremonial in 1871 _ . _ _ . Official Reception in 1872 ----- Musical Arrangements in 1872 .... Technical Instruction - . - . . . School of Cookery ...--. Resolutions of Foreign Commissioners in 1867 Arrangements with the Royal Horticultural Society Communications from the French Commissioners Remarks on the Plans for the Buildings and Supplementary Galleries - - - - - - -84 Resolutions upon Sales of Objects - - - - 86 Exhibition of Pottery in Berlin - - - - 87 - 3 - 9 - 13 - 20 - 26 29-33 40 49 57 69 72 73 75 76 77 I'd Reports of Executive Superintendents. XVI. Fine Art, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874 - XVII. Pottery, 1871 . - - - XVIII. Woollens and Worsted, 1871 XIX. Educational Works and Appliances, 1871 XX. Machinery, 1871 - - - - XXI Scientific Inventions, 1871 XXII. Cotton, 1872 - - . . XXIII. Jewellery, 1872 - - - - XXIV. Musical Instruments, 1872 XXV. Paper, Stationery, and Printing, 1872 XXVI. Machinery, 1872 - - - . XXVII. Scientific Inventions, 1872 XXVIII. Silk and Velvet, 1873 - 35841. - 88 - 98 - 101 - 105 - 109 - Ill - 112 - 117 - 121 - 124 - 126 - 128 - 129 Appendix. XXIX. XXX. XXXI XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. XL. XLI. XLII. XLIII. XLIV. XLV. XLVI. XLVII. XLVIII. XLIX. L. LI. LII. LIII. LIV. LV. LVI. LVII. LVIII. LIX. LX. LXI. LXII. LXIII. LXIV. LXV. LXVI. Page Steel, 1373 - 132 Surgical Instruments, 1873 ----- 135 Carriages, 1873 - - . . - - -HO Food, 1873 - - ■ - - - - - 143 Cooking and its Science, 1873 ----- 148 Machinery, 1873 - - - - - - - 151 Scientific Inventions, 1873 ----- 152 Lace, Ancient and Modern, 1874 . _ - . 153 Civil Engineering, 1874 . . - . . 156 Heating, 1874 ...---- 159 Leather, 1874 - - - - - - - 161 Bookbinding, 1874 .-.--- 162 Foreign Wines, 1874 - - - - - - 164 Scientific Inventions, 1874 ----- 166 Machinery, 1874 - - - - - - - 167 Ethnological Collection ----- 168 Buildings ------- 169 Security of the Buildings from risk by Fire - - - 172 Relations with the Royal Horticultural Society - - 173 Railw^ay Arrangements - - - - - 174 Refreshments - - - - - - - 175 Police -------- 176 Washing Rooms and Cloak Rooms . - - - 177 Season Tickets - \ - - - - - - 178 Musical Performances - ... - 1/9 Returns. Cost of Construction and Maintenance of a proposed Permanent Colonial Court - . - - . 181 Plan showing the Local Arrangements in each Year facing 183 Numbers of Visitors on each Day of the Week - - 184 Comparison of Numbers and Receipts of Admission, 1874 - 190 Receipts and Numbers of each Year with Details of Re- ceipts of each Rate ------ 191 Numbers and Rates of Admission . - - - 192 Number of Foreign and Colonial Packages received - 193 British Goods, Number of Objects in each Class of the Exhibition - - - - - - - 194 Return of the Temperature ----- 195 Return of Printed Documents and Forms - - - 196 Return of the Number of Letters issued and received - 205 Return of Receipt and Expenditure - - - - 208 Detailed Return of Receipts and Expenditure - - 210 APPENDIX. APPENDIX I. List of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition Com. 1 T-i • n 1 /-^ • missioners of 1851, from the Eormation of the Commission to the appointed for . _,. Exhibition present Time. of issi. Presidents of the Royal Commission. His Royal Highness the Prince Albert, K.G. Appointed 3rd January 1850. Died December 1861. Succeeded by The Right Honourable Edward Geoffrey, 14th Earl of Derby, K.G. Appointed Member of the Commission 3rd January 1850. Elected President 16th April 1864. Died 1869. Succeeded by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, K.G. Elected Member of the Commission, and President, 18th February 1870. Ordinary Members of the Royal Commission. Elected 16 Feb. 1872 - His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, K.G. (Chairman of General Purposes Committee, 6th March 1872 to its dissolution, 6th December 1872. Chairman of Board of Management, 13th August 1872 to 16th December 1872 ) „ 16 F«b. 1872 - His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught, K.G. „ 18 Feb. 1870 - His Royal Highness the Prince Christian, K.G. ("Acting Chairman of General Purposes Committee, 7th February 1871 to 16th June 1871.) His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G. His Serene Highness the Duke of Teck, G.C.B. „ 21 Oct. 1872 - „ 18 July 1870 - Appointed by Royal Commission — 3 Jan. 1850 35841. The Duke of Buccleuch, K.G. The Earl of Rosse, K.P. Died 1868. The Earl Granville, K.G. (Chairman of Finance Committee from 24th January 1850 to its ceasing to act, 13th August 1872. APPENDIX I. Com- Appointed by Royal missionerf Commission — appointed for 3 Jan. 1850 Exhibition „ - of 1851. ., - Appointed by Royal"! Charter, 16 Aug. \ 1850 -J Electee i 6 March 1851 }> 14 Jan. 1852 >> 24 April 1852 » 24 April 1852 j> 24 April 1852 jj 29 June 1852 y9 25 Jan. 1853 f9 30 June 1855 fi 14 Feb. 1857 »J 1 May 1858 »> 3 May 1861 >J 3 May 1861 >J 3 May 1861 jj 30 June 1863 >> 30 June 1863 if 30 June 1863 » 30 July 1866 » 30 July 1869 » 8 July 1869 J> 8 July 1869 » 8 Julv 1869 SJ 8 July 1869 18 Feb. 1870 JJ 12 May 1870 JJ 12 May 1870 » 18 July 1870 >J 18 July 1870 >J 18 Julv 1870 >J 13 Aug. 18/2 JJ 13 Aug. 1872 »y 21 Oct. 1871 » 22 Feb. 1873 >^ 22 Feb. 1873 22 Feb. 1873 9> 22 Feb. 1873 :* 22 Feb. 1873 8 Dec. 1873 The Earl of EUesmere. Died 1862. The Earl Russell, K.G. The Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart. Died July 1860. The Lord Taunton. Died 10 Feb. 1870. The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone. Sir Richard Westmacott. Died 1857. Thomas Baring, Esq. Died 1873. Sir Charles Barry. Died I860. Sir Thomas Bazley, Bart. Richard Cobden, Esq. Died 1865. Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, P.R.A. Died 1866. Thomas Field Gibson, Esq. John Gott, Esq. Died 1867. The Lord Overstone. Philip Pusey, Esq. Died 1856. Alderman William Thompson. Died 1856. Robert Stephenson, Esq. Died 1859. Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. Died 1876. Sir William Cubitt. Died 1862. Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, Bart. Died 1869. John Shepherd, Esq. Died 1869. The Right Hon. Sir Alexander Y. Spearman, Bart. Died 1874. Walter Coulson, Esq., Q.C. Died 1861. The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli. Sir Roderick L Murchison, Bart., K.C.B. Died 1871. The Viscount Portman. The Right Hon. Sir George Cornewall Lewis, Bart. Died 1863. The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. Sir Thomas Fairbairn, Bart. Sir Henry Thring, K.C.B. Resigned 25 Mar. 1874. The Right Hon. Robert Lowe. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart., C.B. Sir Morton S. Peto. Resigned 16 Aug. 1867. The Lord Aberdare. Sir Francis Grant, P.R.A. Edgar A. Bowring, Esq., C.B. General the Hon. Charles Grey. Died 1870. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. The Right Hon. Lyon Playfair, C.B. Edward Henry, 15th Earl of Derby. Resigned 9 Mar. 1875. Major-General Sir Thomas M. Biddulph, K.C.B. Major-General Henry F, Ponsonby. The Marquis of Ripon, K.G. (Chairman of General Purposes Committee from 4th November 1869, being then an ex-officio Commissioner, to 6th March 1872.) Sir William Tite. Died 1873. Alexander J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq. Sir William G. Anderson, K.C.B. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. Resigned 17 June 1873. The Marquis of Lansdowne. The Earl of Carnarvon. (Chairman of Board of Management from 22nd February 1873 to 26th March 1874.) The Right Hon. Hugh C. E. Childers. Sir Anthony de Rothschild, Bart. Sir Richard Wallace. Bart. The Right Hon. Sir Henry Bartle E. Frere, G.C.S.L, K.C.B. General the Right Hon. Sir WiUiam T. KnoUys, K.C.B. APPENDIX I. 3 Elected 8 Dec. 1873 Major-General Probyn, C.B., V.C. . Com- „ 26 Mar. 1874 The Earl Spencer, K.G. (Appointed Chairman of the Board missioners of Management 25th March 1874.) appointed for 9 May 1874 The Earl of Rosebery. Exhibition 01 1851. Appointed by Royal Commission — 3 Jan. 1850 Elected 23 Feb 14 Feb 1853 1857 Ex-OFFicio Commissioners. The Chairman of the Court of Directors of the East India Company. Ceased 1858. The President of the Geological Society of London. The President of the Institution of Civil Engineers. The Lord President of the Council. The First Lord of the Treasury. The Chancellor of the Exchequer. The President of the Board of Trade. The First Commissioner of Her Majesty's Works. The Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education. APPENDIX II. Copies or the Official Directories for each Year of THE International Exhibitions. Official Direc- tory of 1871. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY, 1871. LIST OF HER MAJESTY'S COMMIS- SIONERS. H.R.H. the Priuce of Wales, K.G., rresident. H.li.H. the Priuce Christian, K.G. H.S.H. the Prince of Teck, G.C.B. The Marquis of Ripon, K.G.. The Duke of Buccleuch, K.G, The Duke of Buckingham aud Chandos. The Earl of Derby. Tlxe Earl Granville, K.G. Tlie Earl Russell, K.G. The Lord Portman. The Lord Overstone. The Right Hon. William Ewart Gladstone, M.P. The Right Hou. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P. The Right Hon. Robert Lowe, M.P. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart., C.B., M.P. The Right Hon. Henry A. Bruce, M.P. The Right Hon. Chichester S. Fortescue, M.P., or President of the Board of Trade for the time being. The Right Hon. William E. Forster, M.P., or Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education for the time being. The Right Hon. Sir Alexander Y. Spearman,- Bart. The Right Hon. Acton S. Ayrton, M.P., or First Commissioner of Her Majesty's Works for the time being. Sir Charles Lyell, Bart- Sir Roderick I. Murchison, Bart, K.C.B. Sir Thomas Bazley, Bart., M.P. Major-General Sir T. M. Biddulph, K.C.B. Sir Francis Grant, P.R. A. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Sir William Tite, M.P. Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. Edgar A. Bo wring, Esq., C.B., M.P. Thomas Eairbairn, Esq. Thomas Field Gibson, Esq. Alexander J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B.,. M.P. Colonel Henry F. Ponsonby. Joseph Prestwich, Esq., F.R.S., or President of the Geological Society for the time bwng. Jl 2 APPENDIX II. Official Direc* Henry Thring, Esq. tory of 1871. Charles B. Vignoles, Esq., F.R.S., or President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, for the time being. Secretary. — Major-General Henry Y.D. Scott, C.B, Clerk.— L. C. Sayles, Esq. FINANCE COMMITTEE. The Earl Granville, K.G., Chairman.- The Marquis of Ripon, K.G. The Lord Overstone. The Right Hon. William Ewart Gladstone, M.P. The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P. The Right Hon. Robert Lowe, M.P. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart, C.B., M.P. The Right Hon. Henry A. Bruce, M.P. The Right Hon. William E. Forster, M.P., or Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education for the time being. The Right Hon. Sir Alexander Y. Spearman, Bart. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. Edgar A. Bowring, Esq., C.B., M.P. Thomas F. Gibson, Esq. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P. Henry Thring, Esq. GENERAL PURPOSES COMMITTEE, APPOINTED TO CARRY OUT THE SERIES OF ANNUAL INTERNA- TIONAL EXHIBITIONS. The Marquis of Ripon, K.G., Chairman^ H.R.H. the Prince Christian, K.G. H.S.H. the Prince of Teck The Marquis of Lansdowne. The Earl Granville, K.G. The Lord Northbrook. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart., C.B., M.P. The Right Hon. Henry A. Bruce, M.P. The Right Hon. William E. Forster, M.P. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Edgar A. Bowring, Esq., C.B., M.P. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. Thomas F. Gibson, Esq. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P. Colonel Henry F. Ponsonby. Henry Thring, Esq. Clerk— 1. A. Wright, Esq. SECRETARIAT. Correspondence — F. W.Madden, Esq . R. R. Alexander, Esq. F. Webb. Registrar — W. Manser. Registrar of Applications — G. A. Crickitt, Esq. Clerks— E. Spear. J. G. W. Smythe. A. Rickard. J. G. Bateman. W. S. Broome. D. Ruddock. ACCOUNTANT. James Richards, Esq. FINANCE. Captain Maunsell. DEPUTY COMMISSIONERS, BEING OFFICERS APPOINTED FOR EXE- CUTIVE ARRANGEMENTS. Professor Archer ; Collection of Scotch wool- lens. Lieutenant Claj-ton, R.E. ; Labelling, General Order throughout the Exhibition, Pottery. Lieutenant J. J. Curling, R.E. ; Fans, Tele- graphy, Clocks, etc. J. Cundall, Esq. ; Publications. — Catalogue. Lieutenant Davies, R.E. ; Reception of Goods and Verdicts of Judges. Lieutenant Grover, R.E., Building and Works, Machinery and Processes, New Scientific Inventions. ♦. Lieutenant Harris, R.E. ; Foreign Arrange- ments. Captain Maitland, R.E. ; Fire Arrangements and Military Working Parties. Captain Martin, R.E. ; China and Japan. G. R. Redgrave, Esq. ; Architecture. S. Redgrave, Esq. ; Painting and Sculpture. Lieutenant Seton, R.E. ; Woollens. PROVISIONAL OFFICERS ASSISTING OCCASIONALLY. E. P. Bartlett, Esq. ; Education. G. C. T. Bartley, Esq. ; Education. H. A. Bowler, Esq. ; Engraving and Foreign Fine Art. T. Chesman, Esq.; Education. T. Clack, Esq. ; Pottery. A. S. Cole, Esq. ; All Miscellaneous Art and Reproductions. Captain Donnelly, R.E. ; Education and Re- porters. Captain Festing, R.E. ; Refreshment Rooms. F. R. Fowke, Esq. ; Catalogue. J. F. Iselin, Esq. ; Education. A. C. King, Esq. ; Education, H. Sandham, Esq. ; Machinery and Processes. R. F. Sketchiey, Esq. ; Painting and Sculpture. A. J. R. Trendell, Esq ; Literary Assistance. HER MAJESTY'S CUSTOMS. H. C. Brown, Esq. ; Surveyor-General. G. H. Scrivenor, Esq. ; Officer in Charge. GENERAL EDITOR OF REPORTS. The Lord Houghton. Assistant— A. C. King, Esq. Readers — Miss Metej'ard. C. Tomlinson, Esq. Sydney Whiting, Esq. APPENDIX II. EEPORTERS. Professor Abel ; Chemical Inventions. Professor T. C. Archer ; Woollen Fabrics ; Worsted Fabrics. L. Arnoux, Esq. ; Pottery, Parian, and Mis- cellaneous. E. P. Bartlett, Esq. ; Education : Books, Maps, etc. G. C. T. Bartley, Esq. ; Education: Appliances for Physical Training. P. Bawden, Esq. ; New Machinery and Pro- cesses. Professor F. R. Bradley ; Education : Models of Machinery, Building, Construction, etc. Captain Du Cane, R.E. ; Education : Miscel- laneous Work done in Convict Prisons, Schools, and Reformatories. Lieutenant Cole, R.E. ; Reproductions. Lieutenant Davies, R.E. ; Pottery : Stoneware. Lieutenant English, R.E. ; Prime Movers. C. Drury Fortnum, Esq. : Pottery : Earthen- ware. Mrs. Le Neve Foster ; Education : Needlework, Lace, Knitting, etc. Professor Goodeve ; Mechanical Inventions. Lieutenant Grover, R.E. ; Pottery : Fire Clay Goods. T. J. Gullick, Esq. ; Engraving on Wood. J. Hullah, Esq. ; Education: Music. J. F. Iselin, Esq.; Education: Specimens and Illustrations of Modes of Teaching. E. C. Johnson, Esq. ; Education: Miscellaneous Work in Schools for Blind, Deaf, and Dumb. A. C. King, Esq. ; Education: School Build- ings, etc. G. Leach, Esq. ; Machinery for Woollen and Worsted Manufactures. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. ; Painting in Oil. C. Magniac, Esq., M.P., and R. H. Soden Smith, Esq. ; Potteiy : Porcelain. J. Marshall, Esq. ; Engraving. Rev. M. Mitchell ; Education : Specimens of School Work. Gambler Parry, Esq. ; Stained Glass and Mosaics. J. H. Pollen, Esq. ; Furniture, Iron and Metal Working, Tapestries, Carpets. G. R. Redgrave, Esq. ; Terra Cotta and Bricks. R. Redgrave, Esq., R.A. ; Designs for Deco- rative Manufactures. S. Redgrave, Esq. ; Painting in Water Colour. Mrs. H. Reeve ; Lace. The Rev. Canon Rock ; Embroideries. H. Sandham, Esq. ; Traction Engines. W. B. Scott, Esq. ; Miscellaneous Art in Class II. T. Roger Smith, Esq. ; Architectural Designs, Drawings, and Models. G. Stewart, Esq.; Education: Drawing and Design, Modelling in Clay, etc. Colonel Stuart- Wortley ; Photography. Professor R. J. Westmacott, R.A. ; Sculpture. Sir M. Digby Wyatt ; Painting: Miscellaneous Art. For India. George Smith, Esq., LL.D. ; Education. J. Forbes Watson, Esq., M.D. ; Fine Arti, etc. COMMITTEES FOR CONSIDERING THE Official Direc- MODE OF APPOINTING COM- tory of 1871. MlTTEES OF SELECTION FOR WORKS OF FINE ART. For Painting, The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. ^ Sir William Boxall, R.A. Richard Redgrave, Esq., R.A. For Sculpture. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. John Bell, Esq. Richard Westmacott, Esq., R.A. For Architecturb. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Sir William Tite, M.F. Alexander J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq. M.P. COMMITTEES OF SELECTION. Painting. The Viscount Bury, M.P, The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Alfied Elmore, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). Alfred Clint, Esq. (representing the Society of British Artists). Alfred Hunt, Esq. (representing the Society of Painters in Water Colours). Henry Warren, Esq. (representing the Institute of Painters in. Water Colours). F. Dillon, Esq. H. S. Marks, Esq., A.R.A. Sculpture. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. William C. Marshall, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). John Bell, Esq. Richard Westmacott, Esq., R.A. Architecture. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Edward M. Barry, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). Joseph Clarke, Esq. (representing the Royal Architectural Museum). ^ ' T. Roger Smith, Esq. (representing the Archi- tectural Association). James Fergusson, Esq. Professor Hayter Lewis. Alfred Waterhouse, Esq. APPENDIX II. Official Direc- tory of 1871. MiSCELLAKEOUS ArT. Sir M. Digby Wyatt. Owen Jones, Esq. F. W. Moody, Esq. R. Redgrave, Esq. Fans. The Countess BernstorfF. The Lady Dorothy Nevill. The Lady Elizabeth Bulteel, The Lady Marian Alford. Lady Lindsay. Lady Wyatt. The Hon. Mrs, H. Ponsonby. H. A. Bowler, Esq. Lieut. Curling, R.E. S. Redgiave, Esq. Engraving. R. Fisher, Esq. J. H. Robinson, Esq., R.A. G. Smith, Esq. W. Smith, Esq. Photography. Dr. Diamond. R. A. Thompson, Esq. Colonel Stuart-Wortley. Lace and Embroidery. The Countess Somers. Mrs. Higford Burr. Mrs. Maccallum. Mrs. Bury Palliser. Mrs. H. Reeve. Rev. Canon Rock. J. H. Pollen, Esq. H. Reeve, Esq. Chinese and Japanese Proddction8. Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B, A. G. Dallas, Esq. W. Walkinshaw, Esq. Pottery. The Countess of Warwick. Lady Lindsay. Mrs. Higford Burr. The Earl of Lichfield. C. M. Campbell, Esq. C. Drury Fortnum, Esq. M. D. Holhns, Esq. G. Howard, Esq. Charles Magniac, Esq., M.P. Alfred Morrison, Esq. Woollen and Worsted Fabrics. S. Addington, Esq., Jacob Behrens, Esq., M.P. John P. Bull, Esq. W. H. Clabburn Esq. J. G. Grace, Esq. Peter Graham, Esq. John Holms, Esq., M.P. Owen Jones, Esq. H. L. Lapworth, Esq. G. Leach, Esq. S. S. Marling, Esq., M.P, S. Morley, Esq., M.P. H. S. Way, Esq. Machinery used in the MANtrFACTtrKE of Woollen and Worsted Fabrics. J. Brinton, Esq. H. A. Ridgway, Esq. H. W. Ripley, Esq. W. Roberts, Esq. School Buildings, Fittings, Furniture, . &c. The Rev. Canon Cromwell. D. R. Fearon, Esq. Walter Macleod, Esq. E. Carleton Tufuell, Esq. The Rev. Dr. Unwin. Books, Maps, Globes, Instruments, &c. Rev. Dr. Adler. Professor D. T. Ansted. Rev. W. H. Brookfield, Dr. Buchheim. Hon. and Rev. F. Byng. Dr. G. H. Davis. J. G. Fitch, Esq. Professor William Hughes. Rev. Muirhead Mitchell. Rev. A. Wilson. Appliances for Physical Training, ii» CLUDiNG Tots and Games. G. C. T. Bartley, Esq. Dr. Archibald Campbell. Right Hon. Wm. Cowper Temple, M.P. Rev. J. H. Edgar. C. W. Franks, Esq. Sir Duncan Gibb, Bart. Wm. Hawes, Esq. Rev. Muirhead Mitchell. E. G. Ravenstein, Esq. Rev. T. W. Sharpe. Henry Vaughan, Esq. R. G. Wylde, Esq. Specimens and Illustrations of Mode* op tkaching Fine Art, Naturai. History, and Physical Science. Fine Art, George H. Boughton, Esq. H. A. Bowler, Esq. F. S. Cary, Esq. Richard Redgrave, Esq. Dr. Schlesinger. Music. Sir Jules Benedict. A. S. Cole, Esq. Otto Goldschmidt, Esq. John Hullah, Esq. G. A. Macfarren, Esq, Natural History. Professor D. T. Ansted. H. Bauerman, Esq. Hyde Clarke, Esq. Professor W. H. Flower. David Forbes, Esq. Dr. Hogg. J. F. Iselin, Esq. W. Matchwick, Esq. St. George Mivart, Esq. APPENDIX IT. Thomas Moore, Esq. Professor Ramsay. Dr. P. L. Sclater. Physical Science. F. A. Abel, Esq. W. F. Barrett, Esq. Charles Brooke, Esq. Major-Gen. F. Eardley-Wilmot, R.A. Professor Fuller. J. F. Iselin, Esq. C. W. Merrifield, Esq. Rev. Arthur Rigg. W. W. Smyth, Esq. Colonel A. Strange, R.B. Rev. J. Twisden. Professor A. Williamson. Professor Willis. Specimens of School Work serving as Examples of the Results of Tbaching. Professor D. T. Ansted. Rev. G. C. Bell. Rev. Alfred Bourne. Rev. J. S. Brewer. H. A. Bowler. Esq. Lieut-Col. Ewart, R.E. J. G. Fitch, Esq. W. G. Larkins, Esq. F. Pitman, Esq. W. H. Salter, Esq. E. Carleton Tufnel, Esq. Dr. L. Schmitz. Mrs. Le Neve Foster 1 a • u * ji M5c«Mn=«^ I Specially for needle- f work. Miss Mason Miss J. Mason All Matters connected with the Edu- cation AND TkAINNO the BlIND. Dr. T. Armitage. Rev. R. H. Blair. Rev. J. Evans. William Harris, Esq. Rev. J. B. Johns. Edmund C. Johnson, Esq. All Matters connected with the Edu- cation AND Training of the Deaf and Dumb. A. H. Bather, Esq. Rev. Samuel Smith. Mechanical Invbntionb. Sir William Fairbairn, Bart. Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart. John Anderson, Esq. Charles F. Beyer, Esq. Frederick J. Bramwell, Esq, Thomas Hawksley, Esq. John Hick, Esq., M.P. Walter May, Esq. William Menelaus, Esq. John Penn, Esq. John Piatt, Esq., M.P. John Ramsbottom, Esq. John Robinson, Esq. C. William Siemens, E»q. Scientific Inventions other than Mechanical. Sir Charles Wheatstone. F. A. Abel, Esq. Dr. Frankland. Professor Goodeve. Dr. Price. C. W. Siemens, Esq. Professor Tyndall. C. B. Vignoles, Esq.. P. I. C. E. Official Direo" tory of 1871. COMMITTEE FOR CHINESE AND JAPANESE PRODUCTIONS. Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B. Sir M. Digby Wyatt. J. R. Adamson, Esq. J. C. Bowring, Esq. R. J. Oilman, Esq. H. M. Matheson, Esq. A. B. Mitford, Esq. W. Walkinshaw, Esq. COMMITTEE FOR TELEGRAPHY. Lord Sackville Cecil. Sir Daniel Gooch, Bart., M.P. Sir Charles Bright. Sir Richard Atwood Glass. Sir William Thomson. Sir Charles Wheatstone. Latimer Clark, Esq. Cyrus Field, Esq. Professor Jenkiu. John Pender, Esq. Julius Reuter, Esq. Frank Ives Scudaraore, Esq. C. W Siemens, Esq. Cromwell F. Varley, Esq. MUSICAL COMMITTEE, The Earl of Wilton. Lord Gerald Fitzgerald, The Right Hon. Sir John S. Pakington, Bart., G.C.B., M.P. Captain the Hon. Seymour Egerton. Frederic Clay, Esq. Alan S. Cole, Esq. William H. Gladstone, Esq., M.P, Frank Morrison, Esq. PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE. Lord Northbrook. Sir C. W. Dilke, Bart., M.P. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. G. Grove, Esq. William Longman, Esq. John Murray, Esq. 8 APPENDIX II. Official Direc- PWlip C. Owen, Esq. tory of 1871. ^^- ^Y^^ Playfair, C.B., M.P, «___ Major-General Scott, C.B. COMMITTEE FOE PROMOTING VISITS TO THE EXHIBITION. James Allport, Esq. W. Cawkwell, Esq. C. W. Eborall, Esq. J. S. Forbes, Esq. J. Grierson, Esq. W. Johnstone, Esq. J. P. Knight, Esq. S. L. Mason, Esq. Percy Morris, Esq. Henry Oakley, Esq. P. C. Owen, Esq. Archibald Scott, Esq. J. Smithells, Esq. S. Swarbrick, Esq. W. Thorley, Esq. R. A. Thompson, Esq. E. G. Underdown, Esq. COMMITTEE TO COMMUNICATE AND ARRANGE WITH THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE ROYAL AL- BERT HALL FOR THE USE OF THE HALL BY THE COMMISSIONERS. H.R.H. the Prince Christian, K.G. The Marquis of Ripon, K.G. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart., C.B., M.P. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P. COMMITTEE FOR INSPECTION OF BUILDINGS. H.R.H. the Prince Christian, K.G. Richard Redgrave, Esq., R.A. REFRESHMENT COMMITTEE. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Captain Donnelly, R.E. Captain Festiug, R.E. Philip C. Owen, Esq. R. A. Thompson, Esq. Henry Thring, Esq. ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Edgar A. Bowring, Esq., C.B., M.P. Thomas F. Gibson, Esq. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P. Colonel Henry F. Ponsonby. COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA- Dr. Forbes Watson. REPRESENTATIVES OF COLONIAL COMMISSIONS. New South Wales. Charles Cowper, Esq.,"! Agent-General for New I South Wales. > Commissioners. Sir Charles Nicholson, Bart. Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. J Sedgwick S. Cowper, Esq., Secretary to the Comimission. Queensland. A. Archer, Esq., Agent-General to the Com- mission. VlCTOBli. George Verdon, Esq., C.B., Agent-General to the Commission, FOREIGN COMMISSIONERS. Akgentine Confederation. Senor Constant Santa Maria. Austria. M. Le Chevalier Francois de Wertheim, Councillor I. R., Member of the Museum I. R. of Arts and Industry at Vienna, &c. M. Charles Czaslawsky, Member of the Chumber of Commerce, Vienna. Dr. Francis Migerka, Secretary of the Cham- ber of Commerce of Brunn. Mr. Charles Loew, Director of the Woollen Manufacture Company at Vienna. M. Ferd. Barany, Austrian Inspector. HUNGABT. M. Le Chevalier Charles Louis Posner. M. Odon Steinacker, Secretary of the Cham- ber of Commerce and Industry of Buda- Pesth. M. Ferd. Barany, Inspector of the Austro- Hungarian objects. Baden. Herr Turban, Councillor of the Ministry of Commerce. Bavaria. Professor Konrad Knoll, President of the Society of Artists at Munich. Belgium. S.A.R. Monseigneur Le Comte de Flandre, Honorary President. Baron T'Kint De Roodenbeke, Senator, Pre- sident. M. Corr-Vandermaeren, Commissioner Dele- gate. Colombia. James L. Hart, Esq., F.R.G.S., Consul for the United States of Colombin. APPENDIX II. Denmark. M. C. G. Hiimmel, Councillor of State and Director of the Polytechnic School at Copenhagen. M. C. A. Gosch, Secretary to the Danish Legation, London. France. M. Ozenne, Councillor of State, Secretary- General to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Commissioner-General for the Annual International Exhibitions. M. Du Sommerard, Director of the Musee des Thermes and of the Hotel de Cluny, Commissioner -General for the Annual Inter- national Exhibitions. Hesse. Herr A. Schleiermacher, Councillor of the Ministry of Finance, and President of the Central Office for Industry. Italy. Signor A. Baccani, Special Commissioner for the Annual International Exhibitions. Netherlands . Dr. E. H. Baumhauer, Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Secretary of the Holland Society of Sciences at Harlem, Commis- sioner. Norway. M. O. Pihl, Commissioner. M. O. Holler, Deputy-Commissioner. Peru. Gen. De Manuel Mendiburn, Commissioner. Don Manuel de la Quintana, Delegate. Portugal. Viscount Duprat, Consul-General for Portugal in London. Rome. Official Direc- H.E. Cardinal Berardi, Minister of Commerce, tory of 187 1 . RUSSLA.. M. Boutowski, Privy Councillor, Director of the Department of Commerce and Manu- factures. San Salvador. James L. Hart, Esq., F.R.G.S., Consul for San Salvador. Saxe-Weimak. T. J. GuUick, Esq. Spain. Senor Don A. Borrego, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. Senor Don Guillermo Balleras, Deputy-Com- missioner. Senor H. L. C. Bebb. Senor Antonio Martinez. Senor J. Zapatero. Sweden. H.R.H. Prince Oscar, President. Baron A. H. Fock. Switzerland. Albert Streckeisen, Esq., Consul-General for the Swiss Confederation. United States. N. M. Beckwith, Esq. WiJRTEMBERG. Dr. Von Steinbeis, President of the Board of Trade and Commerce. Charles Sevln, Esq., Deputy Commissioner. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY, 1872. LIST OF HER MAJESTY'S COMMIS- SIONERS. The same as at p. 3, with the following alterations : — H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh, K.G. H.R.H. Prince Arthur, K.G. The Duke of Argyll, K.T., or President of the Geological Society for the time being. Major-General Sir T. M. Biddulph, K.C.B. Thomas Hawksley, Esq., or President of the Institution of Civil Engineers for the time being. Secretary — Major-General Henry Y. D. Scott, C.B. Clerk— L. C. Sayles, Esq. FINANCE COMMITTEE. As in \%7\,p. 4. GENERAL PURPOSES COMMITTEE, APPOINTED TO CARRY OUT THE SERIES OF ANNUAL INTERNA- TIONAL EXHIBITIONS. H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh, K.G., Chair- man. H.R.H. The Prince Christian, K.G. H.S.H. The Prince of Teck, G.C.B. The Marquis of Ripon, K.G. The Marquis of Lansdowne. The Earl GranviUe, K.G. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart., C.B., M.P. The Right Hon. Henry A. Bruce, M.P. The Right Hon. WilHam E. Forster, M.P. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Edgar A. Bowring, Esq., C.B., M.P. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. Thomas F. Gibson, Esq. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P. Official Direc tory of 1872. 10 APPENDIX II. Official Direc- tory of 1872. Colonel Henry F. Ponsonby. Henry Thring, Esq. ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE. Sir Francis. R. Sandford, C.B. Edgar A. Bowring, Esq., C.B., M.P. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. Thomas F. Gibson, Esq. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P. Colonel Henry F. Ponsonby. SUPERINTENDENTS OF EXECUTIVE ARRANGEMENTS. Lieutenant Grover, R.E. ; building and works, machinery and processes new scientific in- ventions. Lieutenant Clayton, R.E. ; general manage- ment and arrangement. Manufacturing division, with the exception of jewellery. Lieutenant Cole, R.E. ; fine arts and jewellery. T. A. "Wright, Esq. ; secretary to executive. F. W. Madden, Esq. ; assistant secretary to executive. CLERKS. W. Manser. F. Webb. E. Spear. J. G. W. Smythe. A. Rickard. T. C. E. Helmore. W. S. Broome. S. Cowper. FINANCE. James Richards, Esq. DEPUTY COMMISSIONERS AND PRO- VISIONAL OFFICERS. Major de Winton ; foreign exhibits. Professor Archer ; industrial productions. A. S. Cole, Esq ; musical instruments and miscellaneous art. J. Cundall, Esq. ; printing and paper, &c. W. Marshall, Esq. ; scientific inventions. T. Browning, Esq. ; cotton products, &c. T. Barraclough, Esq. ; cotton machinery. Sir M. Digby Wyatt, F.S.A. ; arrangement of miscellaneous art. H. O'Neil, Esq., A.R A. ; arrangement of oil paintings. S. Redgrave, Esq. ; arrangement of water colours. H. A. Bowler, Esq. ; arrangement of foreign pictures. T. Roger Smith, Esq. ; arrangement of archi- tectural drawings. Colonel Stuart-Worlley ; arrangement of pho- tographs. R. W. Herman, Esq. ; arrangement of en- gravings. C. T. Townshend, Esq. ; general arrange- ment of jewellery. H. J. Harding, Esq. ; arrangement of Bir- mingham jewellery. HER MAJESTY'S CUSTOMS. H. C. Brown, Esq. ; surveyor-general. G. H. Scrivenor, Esq. ; officer in charge. COMMITTEES OF ADVICE. For Painting. As in 1871, see;?. 5. Fob Sculpture. As in 1871. For Architecture. As in 1871. MUSICAL COMMITTEE. The Earl of Wilton. Lord Gerald Fitzgerald. The Right Hon. Sir John S. Pakington, Bart., G.C.B., M.P. Captain the Hon. Seymour Egerton. Frederick Clay, Esq. Alan S. Cole, Esq. William H. Gladstone, Esq., M.P. Frank Morrison, Esq. MUSICAL RECITALS. Lord Gerald Fitzgerald. Captain the Hon. Seymour Egerton. Herr Pauer. COMMITTEE FOR PROMOTING VISITS TO THE EXHIBITION. James Allport, Esq. C. W. Eborall, Esq. J. Grierson, Esq. W. Johnstone, Esq. J. P. Knight, Esq. S. L. Mason, Esq. Percy Morris, Esq. Henry Oakley, Esq. Archibald S.-ott, Esq. J. Smithells, Esq. S. Swarbrick, Esq. R. A. Thompson, Esq. R. G. Underdown, Esq. REFRESHMENT COMMITTEE. Captain Festing, R.E. R. A. Thompson, Esq. Henry Thring, Esq. APPENDIX II. ir COMMITTEES OF SELECTION. PAINTIIfO. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. H. O'Neil, Esq., Assoc. R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). Alfred Clint, Esq. (representing the Society of British Artists). F. Dillon, Esq. SctTLPTURE, The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Henry Weeks, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). John Bell, Esq. Richard Westmacott, Esq., R.A., F.R.S. Architectcrb. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. George E. Street, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). Joseph Clarke, Esq. (representing the Royal Architectural Museum). T. Roger Smith, Esq. (representing the Archi- tectural Association). James Fergusson, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. Professor Hayter Lewis. Alfred Waterhouse, Esq. Miscellaneous Art. Sir M. Dighy Wyatt. Owen Jones, Esq. F. W. Moody, Esq. R. Redgrave, Esq., R.A. Engraving. R. Fisher, Esq. G. Smith, Esq. W. Smith, Esq. Lumb Stocks, Esq., R.A. Photography. Dr. Diamond. R. A. Thompson, Esq. Colonel Stuart-Wortlcy. Lace and Embroidebt. The Countess Somers. Mrs. Higfbrd Burr. Mrs. Maccallum. Mrs. Bury Palliser. Mrs. H. Reeve. J. H. Pollen, Esq. H. Reeve, Esq., C.B. Chinese and Japanesb Frodcgtioiis. Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B. A. G. Dallas, Esq. A. B. Mitford, Esq. Cotton (Class VIII.). Professor Archer. Benjamin Armitage, Esq. E. Ash worth, Esq. John Boldero, Esq. Hugh Birley, Esq., M.P. Jacob Bright, Esq., M.P. E. Corbiere, Esq. J. Houldsworth, Esq. James Knight, Esq. Hugh Mason, Esq. John Pender, Esq., M.P. Malcolm Ross, Esq. J. Wilson, Esq. Jewellery (Class IX.), Sir William Drake. Dr. Birdwood. T. Clack, Esq. Samuel H. Gas, Esq. C. F. Hancock, Esq. J. Hunt, Esq. J. Kelk, Esq. R. Phillips, Esq. H. Rivett-Carnac, Esq. G. WaUis, Esq. Musical Instruments (Class X.). Lord Gerald Fitzgerald. Sir Julius Benedict. Sir Sterndale Bennett. C. Boullangier, Esq. F. Clay,- Esq. J. W. Elliott, Esq. C. Godfrey, Esq. Otto Goldschmidt, Esq. W. E. Hill, Esq. E. J. Hopkins, Esq. John Hopkinson, Esq. J. HuUah, Esq, Henry Kirkman, Esq. H. Leslie, Esq. Herr Ernst Pauer. Signor Piatti. J. W. Rendle, Esq. J. R. Sawerthal, Esq. J. Smyth, Esq. A. Sullivan, Esq. J. Van Maanen, Esq. J. C. Ward, Esq. Paper, Stationery, and Prihtiho (Class XU.). Sir WiUiam Mitchell. Sir Sydney Waterlow. F. H. Arnold, Esq. Vincent Brooks, Esq. R, Canton, Esq. George Chater, Esq. John Coe, Esq. John Cowan, Esq. J. Cundall, Esq. Warren De la Rue, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. W. Dickes, Esq. Captain E. F. Du Cane, R.E. J. Evans, Esq., F.R.S. H. Gottu, Esq. E. N. Haines, Esq. Owen Jones, Esq. Official Direc- tory of 1872. 12 APPENDIX II. Official Direc- W. Longman, Esq. tory of 1872. John Murray, Esq. — ~ Wyndham S. Portal, Esq. C. Eeed, Esq., M.P. A. Rivington, Esq. W. Spicer, Esq. B. Sulman, Esq. William H. Ward, Esq. HOKTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT OF CLASSES VIII. AND XII. (Cotton and Paper). Sir Thomas Bazley, Bart., M.P. Hyde Clarke, Esq. Major Trevor Clarke. Dr. R. Hogg. Dr. Hooker, C.B., F.R.S. W. Marshall, Esq. Dr. M. T. Masters, F.R.S. T. Moore, Esq. Dr. J. Forbes Watson. Machinery of Class VIII. (Cotton). Sir Thomas Bazley, Bart., M.P. Hugh Mason, Esq. James Murray, Esq. Dr. J. Forbes Watson. Machinery op Class XII. (Paper, Sta- tionery, AND Printing). Right Hon. the Earl of Caithness, F.R.S. Right Hon. the Lord Richard Grosvenor, M.P. George Clowes, Esq. Charles Cowan, Esq. H. Hensman, Esq. Thomas Parry, Esq. Wyndham S. Portal, Esq. Scientific Inventions and New Discoveries. Sir William Fairbairn, Bart, LL.D., F.R.S. Sir Charles Wheatstone, D.C.L., F.R.S. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. John Anderson, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S.E. Charles F. Beyer, Esq. Frederick J. Bramwell, Esq. Captain Donnelly, R.E. Dr. E. Frankland, D.C.L., F.R.S. Professor T. M. Goodeve, M.A. Major General Harness, C.B. Thomas Hawksley, Esq., Pres. Inst. C.E. John Hick, Esq., M.P. William Menelaus, Esq. John Penn, Esq., F.R.S. Dr. Price. John Ramsbottom, Esq. John Robinson, Esq. C. Wm. Siemens, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., Pres. Inst. M.E. Lieut.-Col. A. Strange, F.R.S. Professor J. Tyndall, LL.D., F.R.S. C. B. Vignoles, Esq., F.R.S. MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS. Capt. the Hon. Seymour Egerton. F. Clay, Esq. E. Silas, Esq. COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA.. Dr. J, Forbes Watson. REPRESENTATIVES OF COLONIAL COMMISSIONS. Commis- sioners. New South Wales. Sir Charles Cowper, K.C.M.G., Agent-General for New South Wales. Sir Charles Nicholson, Bart. Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. Sedgwick S. Cowper, Esq., Secretary to the Commission. Queensland. Richard Daintree, Esq. Victoria. Rt. Hon. Hugh C. E. Childers, M.P., Agent- General for Victoria. FOREIGN COMMISSIONERS. Argentine Confederation. Senor Constant Santa Maria. AUSTRO-HUNGARY. The Chevalier De Schaffer, Austro-Hungarian Consul-General in London. Austria. M. Le Baron Francois de Wertheim, Coun- cillor I. R., Member of the Museum I. R. of Arts and Industry at Vienna, &c. Herr J. Reckenschuss, President of the Cham- ber of Commerce and Industry of Vienna. Hungary. M. Le Chevalier Charles Louis Posner. M. Odon Steinacker, Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Buda-Pesth. Baden. Herr Turban, Councillor of the Ministry of Commerce. Dr. T. H. Meidinger. Bavaria. Professor Konrad Knoll, President of the So- ciety of Artists at Munich. Belgium. S.A.R. Monseigneur Le Comte de Flandre, Honorary President. Baron T'Kint de Roodenbeke, Senator, Pre- sident. M. Corr-Vandermaeren, Commissioner Dele- gate. Chili. Frederick Walters, Esq., Consul for Chili, at Liverpool. APPENDIX II. 13 Colombia. James L. Hart, Esq., F.R.G.S., Consul for the United States of Colombia. France. M. Ozenne, Councillor of State, Secretary- General to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Commissioner-General for the Annual International Exhibitions. M. Du Sommerard, Director of the Musee des Thermes and of the H6tel de Cluny, Com- missioner-General for the Annual Inter- national Exhibitions. Hesse. Herr A. Schleiermacher, Councillor of the Ministry of Finance, and President of the Central Office for Industry. Italy. Sign or A. Baccani, Special Commissioner for the Annual International Exhibitions. Netherlands. Dr. E. A. Baumhauer, Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Secretary of the Holland Society of Sciences at Harlem, Norway. The Minister of the Interior. Perd. Gen. D. Manuel Mendiburn, Commissioner. Don Manuel de la Quintana, Delegate. Portugal. Viscount Duprat, Consul-General for Portugal in London. Rome. H.E. Cardinal Berardi, Minister of Commerce. Russia. M. Boutowski, Privy Councillor, Director of the Department of Commerce, and Manu- factures. M. TimiriazeflF, Department of Trade and Manufactures, St. Petersburgh, Commis- sioner for Russia, and Delegate from the Polytechnic Society of Russia. M. BrulofF, Commissioner, Delegate from the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, Russia. San Salvador. James L. Hart, Esq., F.R.G.S., Consul for San Salvador. Spain. Senor Commendador Don Raphael 1 ^ D. Benjumea, K.C. ICommis- Senor Don Nicholas D. Benjumea. J ^loners. Senor Don Joaquim D. del Pino, Secretary. S WEDEN. H.R.H. Prince Oscar, Duke of Ostrogothia, President. Baron A. H. Fock. Thorsten Nordenfelt, Esq., Commissioner. Switzerland. Albert Streckeisen, Esq., Consul-General for the Swiss Confederation. United States. N. M. Beckwith, Eeq. Venezuela. F. H, Hemming, Esq., Consul for Venezuela. Wurttemberg. Dr. Von Steinbeis, President of the Board of Trade and Commerce. Charles Sevin, Esq., Deputy-Commissioner, Official Direc- tory of 1872. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY, 1873. LIST OF HER MAJESTY'S COMMIS- SIONERS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF 1851. H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, K.G, H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, K.G. H.R.H. the Prince Arthur, K.G. H.R.H. the Prince Christian, K.G. H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge, K.G. H.S.H. the Duke of Teck, G.C.B. The Marquis of Ripon, K.G. The Duke of Buccleuch, K.G. The Duke of Argyll, K.T., or President of the Geological Society for the time being. The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. The Marquis of Lansdowne. The Earl of Derby. The Earl of Carnarvon. The Earl Granville, K.G. The Earl Russell, K.G. The Viscount Portman, The Lord Overstone. The Right Hon. William E. Gladstone, M.P. The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P, The Right Hon. Robert Lowe, M.P, The Right Hon. H. A. Bruce, M.P. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart., C.B., M.P. The Right Hon. Hugh C. E. Childers, M.P. The Right Hon. Chichester S. Fortescue,M.P., or President of the Board of Trade for the time being. The Right Hon, W. E. Forster, M.P., or Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education for the time being. The Right Hon. Sir Alexander Y. Spearman, Bart. The Right. Hon. A. S. Ayrton,M.P., or First Commissioner of Works for the time being. Sir Anthony de Rothschild, Bart. Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. Sir Thomas Bazley, Bart., M.P. Sir Richard Wallace, Bart., M.P. Official Direc- tory of 1873. 14 APPENDIX II. Official Direc- tory of 1873. Sir Henry Bartle E. Frere, K.C.B., G.C.S.I. Sir W. G. Anderson, K.C.B. Major-General Sir T. M. Biddulph, K.C.B. Sir Henry Thring, K.C.B. Sir Francis Grant, P.K.A. Sir F. R. Sandford, C.B. Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. Edgar A. Bowring, Esq., C.B., M.P. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. Thomas Fairbairn, Esq. Thomas Field Gibson, Esq. Thomas Hawksley, Esq., P.I.C.E., F.R.S., or President of the Institution of Civil En- gineers for the time being. Alexander J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P., F.E.S. Colonel H. F. Ponsonby. Major General Henry Y. D. Scott, C.B., Secretary. L. C. Sayles, Esq., Clerk. BOARD OF MANAGEMENT. The Earl of Carnarvon, Chairman. Sir William G. Anderson, K.C.B. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. Thomas F. Gibson, Esq. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P., F.R.S. Surveyor to the Commissioners, Henry A. Hunt, Esq., C.B., 4, Parliament Street. COMMISSIONERS' MEMBERS OF EX- PENSES COMMITTEE OF ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, FOR 1873-4. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. H. A. Hunt, Esq., C.B. STAFF OF THE ANNUAL INTER- NATIONAL EXHIBITIONS. SUPEEINTENDENTS OF EXECUTIVE ARRANGE- MENTS. Captain Grover, R.E. ; Works, Machinery, Processes, and the Classes of Steel, Surgical Instruments, and New Scientific Inventions. Captain Clayton, R.E. ; General Management and Arrangement, and the Classes of Silk and Carriages. Lieutenant Cole, R.E. ; Fine Arts and the Classes of Food and Cookery. T. A. Wright, Esq. ; Secretary to Executive. F. W. Madden, Esq. ; Assistant Secretary to Executive. FINANCE. Jamei Richards, Esq., Accountant. CLERKS. W. Manser. F. Webb. E. Spear. J. G. W. Smythe. A. Rickard. T. C. E. Helmore. W. S. Broome. S. Cowper. HER MAJESTY'S CUSTOMS. H. C. Brown, Esq., Surveyor-General. G. H. Scrivenor, Esq., Officer in Charge. COMMITTEES OF ADVICE AND SELECTION. PERMANENT COMMITTEE FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF BRITISH PICTURES. Marquis of Westminster, K.G. The Earl Fitzwilliam, K.G. The Earl of Dunmore. Lord Ronald Leveson Gower. Viscount Powerscourt. Sir Richard Wallace, Bart., M.P. Sir James Watts. S. Addington. Esq. W. Agnew, Esq. Captain W. Baldwin. E. L. S. Benzon, Esq. H. W. F. Bolckow, Esq., M.P. A. H. Brown, Esq., M.P. A. J. Bruntou, Esq. E. J. Coleman, Esq. Alexander Collie, Esq. O. E. Coope, Esq. F. W. Cosens, Esq. B. Dobree, Esq. H. W. Eaton, Esq., M.P. ' W. Fenton, Esq. Joshua Fielden, Esq., M.P. J. S. Forbes, Esq. John Fowler, Esq., C.E. W. Graham, Esq., M.P. J. C. Harter, Esq. J. Snowdon Henry, Esq., M.P. John Hick, Esq., M.P. Thomas Johnson, Esq. John Kelk, Esq. W. Leaf, Esq. C. Lucas, Esq. T. Lucas, Esq. J. N. Mappin, Esq. Hugh Mason, Es(j. C. P. Matthews, Esq. J. S. Morgan, Esq. A. Morrison, Esq. George Paine, E.sq, John Pender, Esq., M.P. W. Quilter, Esq. R. Rawhnson, Esq., C.B., F.G.S. Samuel Redgrave, Esq. James Reiss, Esq. WiUiam Smith, Esq., F.S.A. APPENDIX II. 15 Francis M. Hampden Turner, Esq. Charles Waring, Esq. H. Waring, Esq. W. Waring, Esq. J. Kemp Welch, Esq. T. O. Barlow, Esq., A.R.A., Executive. COMMITTEE FOR PROMOTING VISITS TO THE EXHIBITION. James Allport, Esq. C. W. Eborall, Esq. J. Grierson, Esq. W. Johnstone, Esq. J. P. Knight, Esq. S. L. MasoD, Esq. Percy Morris, Esq. Henry Oakley, Esq. Archibald Scott, Esq. J. Smithells, Esq. S. Swarbrick, Esq. R. A. Thompson, Esq. R. G. Underdown, Esq. DIVISION I. COMMITTEES OF SELECTION FOR FINE ARTS. Painting. The Lord Ronald Leveson Gower, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Alfred Clint, Esq. F. Dillon, Esq. A. Elmore, Esq., R.A. H. O'Neil, Esq., A.R.A. R. Redgrave, Esq., R.A. H. A. Bowler, Esq., Executive. ■SCULPTUKE. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Contts Lindsay, Bart. F. W. Moody, Esq. The Sculptors elected Mr. Bacon to arrange the Sculpture. Architecture. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Joseph Clarke, Esq., F.S.A. James Fergusson, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. I'rofessor Hayter Lewis. T. Roger .Smith, Esq. Alfred Waterhouse, Esq. T. Roger Smith, Esq., Executive, Miscellaneous Art. Sir M. Digby Wyatt. A. S. Cole, Esq. Owen Jones, Esq. F. W. Moody, Esq. R. Redgrave, Esq., R.A. R. A. Thompson, P]sq. A. S. Cole, Esq., Executive. Engraving. T. O. Barlow, Esq., A.R.A. R. Fisher, Esq. G. Smith, Esq. W. Smith, Esq. Lumb Stocks, Esq., R.A. J. A. Vintcr, Esq. R. F. McNair, Esq., Executive. Photography. Viscount Hawarden. Lieutenant W. W. Abney, R.E. Hugh W. Diamond, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. R. A. Thompson, Esq. R. A. Thompson, Esq., Executive. Lace and Embroidery, The Countess Somers. Lady I)orothy Nevill. Mrs. Donnelly. Mrs. Maccallum. Mrs. Bury Palliser. Mrs. H. Reeve. J. H. Pollen, Esq. H. Reeve, Esq., C.B. A. S. Cole, Esq., Executive. Japanese. His Excellency Terashima Munenori. His Excellency Sir Harry Parkes, K.C.B. Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B. A. G. Dallas, Esq. . A. B. Milford, Esq. Official Direc- tory of 1873. COMMITTEE TO ARRANGE FOR AN EXHIBITION OF SKETCHES TAKEN BY NAVAL AND MILITARY OFFICERS. H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh, K.G., Chair- man. H.R.H. The Duke of Cambridge, K.G. Captain H.S.H. The Count Gleichen, R.N. Colonel The Hon. H. H. Clifford, C.B., V.C. Colonel The Hon. W. J. Colville, C.B. Lieut. Colonel Sir H. E. Elphinstone, K.C.B., C.M.G., V.C, R.E. Brigadier-General J. M. Adye, C.B., R.A. Major-General Benson. Colonel Biddulph, R.A. Dr. F. Blake, R.N. Colonel Hope Crealock, C.B. Major J. F. D. Donnelly, R.E. (Secretary). Vice-Admiral Hon. J. R. Drummond, C.B. Colonel Alexander Elliott. Lieut.-Colonel A. E. A. Ellis. Rear- Admiral Ewart, C.B. Colonel Gallwey, R.E. Captain R. C. Goff, A.D.C. Rear- Admiral luglefield, C.B. Lieut.-Colonel R.N. Drury-Lowe. Rear- Admiral Oliver. 16 APPENDIX II. Official Direc- COMMITTEE FOR PROMOTING THE toryofl873. REPRESENTATION OF FRENCH ART AND INDUSTRY. Mons. A. Cassella. „ E. Corbiere. „ Cozon. „ Theod. Dromel. „ Paul Dutreil. „ J. J. Gaudet. „ Victor Givry. „ E. Lazard. „ J. Lebeau. „ E. P. Lintilhac. „ Petrus Mondon. DIVISION II. CLASS VIII.— SILK AND VELVET FABRICS. Lady Dorothy Nevill. Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. Francis Bennoch, Esq. J. Birchenough, Esq. W. Blakely, Esq. E. F. V. Bolingbroke, Esq. W. C. Brocklehurst, Esq., M.P. T. N Brocklehurst, Esq. Henry Browett, Esq. W. Bullock, Esq. Dr. Archibald Campbell. Andrew Cassells, Esq. David Chadwick, Esq., M.P John Chadwick, Esq. Hyde Clarke, Esq. Francis Cobb, Esq. Ernest Corbiere, Esq. E. Cox, Esq. Francis Dickens, Esq. Thomas Dickins, Esq. H. Durlacher, Esq. H. W. Eaton, Esq., M.P. Paul Gadban, Esq., Ottoman Consul General. Peter Graham, Esq. E. Harrison, Esq. W. Higginbottom, Esq. Isaiah Jupe, Esq. P. C. Leckie, Esq. Arthur Lewis, Esq. E. P. Lintilhac, Esq. F. Longdon, Esq. T. K. Lynch, Esq. Dr. R. J. Mann. Captain George Mason. H. M. Matheson, Esq. Jonathan Pim, Esq., M.P. C. A. Peters, Esq. Josiah Small, Esq. Henry Tucker, Esq. J. Vavasseur, Esq. Joseph Wright, Esq. CLASS IX.— STEEL MANUFACTURES, CUTLERY, AND EDGE TOOLS. Earl of Caithness. Earl of Dudley. Lord Richard Grosvenor, M.P. Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart. Sir W. Fairbaim, Bart., LL.D., F.R.S. Sir John Brown. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. John Anderson, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S.E. C. Asprey, Esq. H. Bessemer, Esq. W. Bragge, Esq. Colonel F. Campbell, R.A. J. Evans, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. Mark Firth, Esq. Colonel A. Lane Fox, F.S.A. A. W. Franks, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., F.G.S., F.R.G.S. Colonel T. Inglis, R.E. J. Latham, Esq. Edward Mappin, Esq. F. T. Mappin, Esq. Dr. J. Percy, F.R.S. E. J. Reed, Esq., C.B. Joseph Rodgers, Esq. C. W. Siemens, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. J. Gordon Smith, Esq. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Captain A. C. Tupper, F.S.A. T. Turner, Esq. Thomas Edward Vickers, Esq. Albert Vickers, Esq. Steel as applied to Railway pueposes. William Adams, Esq. Robert Angus, Esq. Joseph Armstrong, Esq. Joseph Beattie, Esq. James Irving Carson, Esq. Edward Corner, Esq. Edward Fletcher, Esq. Lieut. Colonel C. S. Hutchinson, R.E. Samuel Waite Johnson, Esq. William Kendall, Esq. Matthew Kirtley, Esq. William Martley, Esq. Alexander McDonnell, Esq. Robert Ramage, Esq. J. Ramsbottom, Esq. Lieut.-Col. F. H. Rich, R.E. Charles Sacre, Esq. Patrick Stirling, Esq. William Stroudley, Esq. Captain H. W. Tyler, R.E. John Wakefield, Esq. F. W. Webb, Esq. Thomas Wheatley, Esq. CLASS X.— SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES. Sir William Fergusson, Bart., F.R.S. Sir James Paget, Bart., F.R.S. Sir Alexander Armstrong, K.C.B., M.D. Sir T. Galbraith Logan, K.C.B., M.D. Peter Allen, Esq., M.D. W. Bowman, Esq., F.R.S. R. Brudenell Carter, Esq. W. White Cooper, Esq. H. J. Domville, Esq., C.B., M.D. W. T. Domville, Esq., M.D. Dr. Arthur Farre, F.R.S. APPENDIX II. 17 Dr. G. T. Gream. Caesar H. Hawkius, Esq., F.E.S. Prescott G. Hewett, Esq. J. Hilton, E.sq., F.R.S. James Hinton, Esq. 11. Liebreich, Esq. James Luke, Esq., F.R.S. Alexander E. Mackay. Esq., M.D. John Marshall, Esq., F.R.S. Thomas W. Nunn, Esq. Dr. W. S. Playfair. R. Quain, Esq., F.R.S. Edwin Saunders, Esq. Edwin Sercombe, Esq. Corresponding Members. Hon. Alan P. Herbert. Sir John Rose Cormack, M.D. Professor Douders. Dr, Helmholtz. Theodor Hugenberger, Esq., M.D. Professor J. Lazare witch. Professor D. E. Martin. Dr. de Mussey. Dr. D. Pantaleoni. CLASS XL— CARRIAGES NOT CON- NECTED WITH RAIL OR TRAM- ROAD. The Duke of Beaufort, K.G. The Marquis of Downsbire. Earl Poulett. Viscount Valentia. Lord Carington. Lord Francis Gordon Lennox. Lord Arthur Somerset. Captain H. Candy. Captain W. Chaine. Colonel H. Dickson. Captain J. Harrison. Joseph Holland, Esq. H. M. Holmes, Esq. G. N. Hooper, Esq. Cristobal de Murrieta, Esq. J. W. IVters, Esq. Thomas R. Starey, Esq. Committee appointed by the Wokshipfui, Company of CoACHMAKEits to conper AND CO-OPERATK WITH H.M. COMMIS- SIONERS. H. M. Holmes, Esq. John Holland, Esq. George N. Hooper, Esq. J. W. Peters, Esq. Josejjh Peters, Esq. W. T. Thorn, Esq. Professor A. V^oelcker, Ph. D., F.R.S. J. F. Woodall, Esq. G. A. Thiupp, Esq. G. Edwards, Esq. CLASS XII.— SUBSTANCES USED AS FOOD, a. Agricultural Products and Manurial Sub- staiires used in Cultivation. The Viscount Portman. The Lord Vernon. The Hon. E. K. Coke. 35841. James Buckman, Esq. W. Clearson, Esq. John Coleman, Esq. John Dent Dent, Esq. Dr. Gilbert. Dr. Robert Hogg. C. Wren Hoskyns, Esq., M.P. J. Bennett Lawes, Esq. James Mason, lisq. J. C. Morton, Esq. Professor A. Voelcker, Ph.D., F.R.S. W. Wells, Esq., M.P. G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S. Edward Wilson, Esq. J. A. Youl, Esq. b. Grocery, Drysaltery, and Preparations of Food. Earl of Leicester Lord A. Churcnill. Lord De LTsIe and Dudley. The Lord Vernon. The Riaht Hon. Henrv A. Bruce, M.P. The Hon. E. K. Coke". Sir C. Nicholson, Bart. Sir W. H. Bodkin. Sir Antonio Brady. F. A. Abel Esq.," F.R.S. H. Ancoll, Esq. Professor Bentley. Phillips Bevan, Esq. Dr. Blakiston. T. F. Blackwell, Esq., Jun. J. S. Budget, Esq. Dr. A. Campbell. Hyde Clarke, Esq. J. J. Colman, Esq., M.P. Sedgwick S Cowper, Esq. R. M. Curtis, Esq. E. G. Davenport, Esq. J. Duncan, Esq. Rev. J. E.Hall. Wm. Hall, Esq. Reginald Hanson, Esq. William Hawes, Esq., F.R.S. T. Hicks, Esq. C. Wren Hoskyns, Esq., M.P. E. W. Larner, Esq. Frederick Machin, Esq. J. J. Manley, Esq. D. Martineau, Esq. W. H. Michael, Esq. G. Moffatt, Esq. J. C. Morton, Esq. E. C. Nicholson, Esq. W. J. Palmer, Esq. H. W. Peek, Esq., M.P. Dr. Pitman. C. S. Read, E.sq., M.P. W. Reed, Esq. S. Redgrave, Esq. F. W. Rowsell, Esq. E. B. Savile, Esq. Benjamin Shaw, Esq. A. Streius, Esq. P. L. Simmonds, Esq. Charles Southwell, Esq. J. Taylor, Esq. Seymour Teulon, Esq. E. C. Tufnell, Esq. B Official Direc- tory of 1373. "^-'""^"^"'•' 18 APPENDIX II. Official Direc- J. T. Ware, Esq. tory of 1873. J. Forbes Watson, Esq., M.A., M.D. Edward Wilson, Esq. G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S. G. W. Yapp, Esq. J. A. Youl, Esq. P. Le Neve Foster, Esq. 1 r. E. J. Craigie, Esq. / Executive. c. Wines, Spirits, Beer, and other Drinks, mid Tobacco. Earl of Dunraore. Earl of Dudley. Earl of Ducie. Viscount Powerscourt. Viscount Hawarden. Lord Skelmersdale. Lord Abinger. Hon. W. Ashley. Hon. E. Drummond. Sir R. D. King, Bart. Sir Charles Taylor, Bart. Sir A. Guinness, Bart. Sir D. Cooper, Bart. Samuel Charles Ailsopp, Esq. M. T. Bass, Esq., M.P. M. A. Bass, Esq., M.P. Colonel Charles Baring. T. I. Barstow, Esq. W. Bragge, Esq. H. Browning, Esq. James Chambers, Esq. Edward Charrington, Esq. C. H. Kayser, Esq. Charles Lambert, Esc. Dr. Letheby. C. Lombard de Luc, Esq. H. Matthiessen, Esq. Dr. H. M. Noad, F.R.S. R. H. Pjiget, Esq., M.P. Major Peploe-Peploe. Joseph Prestwich, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. E. A. Smith, Esq. Dr. Thudichiim. William Whitbread, Esq. Morgan Yeatman, Esq. E. J. Craigie, Esq., Executive. d. Implements of all kinds for Drinking, exhi- bited for pcculiariti/ of shape or for novelty, and for the Use of Tobacco and for ancient objects generally. Sir William Drake. W. Bragge, Esq. C. Minton Campbell, Esq. A. S Cole, Esq. J. G. Grace, Esq. Henry Durlacher, Esq. T. Dyer Edwardes, Esq. / J. Evans, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. C. Drury E. Fortnum, Esq. A. W. Franks, Esq,. M.A., F.S.A. J. Dunn Gardner, Esq. F. W. Moody, Esq. R. H. Soden Smith, Esq., F.S.A. R. A. Thompson, Esq. Dr. Thudichum. T. M. Whitehead, Esq. COMMITTEE FOR FISH IN CON- NEXION WITH FOOD. The Marquis of Exeter. The Earl Nelson. The Viscount Kirkaldle. The Lord Saltoun. The Lord Abinger. Frank Buckland, Esq. J. W. Willis Bund, Esq. Charles Hambro', Esq., M.P. P. Hood, Esq., M.D. T. R. Sachs, Esq. Spencer Walpole, Esq. F. Wiseman, Esq. Henry Wright, Esq. CLASS XIH.— COOKING AND ITS SCIENCE. Hon. E. F. Leveson-G>/wer, M.P. F. B. Alston, Esq. James Bateman, Ksq., F.R.S. Dr. George Birdwood. Colonel Browne, C.B., R.E. Major E. F. Du Cane, C.B., R.E. Captain R. Home, R.E. Major-General D. Lysons, C.B. Dr. Lyim Playfair, C.B., M.P., F.R.S. Victor C. de Rivaz, Esq. Dr. Smith, F.R.S. W. Follett Synge, Esq. Dr. Thudichum. Professor Voelcker. Captain F. Warren, R.N. Major Webber, R.E. E. Wilson, Esq. DIVISION III. CLASS XIV. — RECENT SCIENTIFIC INVENTIONS ANIJ NEW DIS- COVERIES. Sir W. Fairbairn, Bart., LL.D., F.R.S. Sir C. Wheatstone, D.C.L., F.R.S. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. John Anderson, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S.E. Charles F. Beyer, Esq. Major Frank Bolton. Frederick J. Bramwell, Esq. Captain Hans Busk. Captain Colomb, R.N. Major W. Grossman, R.E. Major Donnelly, R.E. Major E. F. Du Cane, C.B., R.E. Professor E. Frankland, D.C.L., F.R.S. Professor T. M. Goodeve, M.A. Major-General Harness, C.B. John Hick, Esq., M.P. J. Norman Lockyer, Esq., F.R.S. John Penn, Esq., F.R.S. Dr. D. S. Price. John Ramsbottom, Esq. Professor Roscoe, F.R.S. C. W. Siemens Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. T. Sopwith, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. APPENDIX II. 19 Lieutenant-Colonel Strange, If.R.S. Professor, J. Tyndall, LL.D., F.R.S. C. B. Vignoles, Esq., F.R.S. Committee for Promoting the Erection OF A Colonial Court, The Right Hon. Hugh C. E. Childers, M.P. Sir John Rose, Bart., K.C.M.G. (Canada). Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. Sir Charles Cowper, K.C.M.G. (New South Wales). Sir James MeCulloch. R. Daintree, Esq. (Queensland). Francis S. Dutton, Esq., C.M.G. R. G. W. Herbert, Esq. (Colonial Office). PenroseG. Julyan, Esq. C.B., (Crown Agent). Major C. F. Roberts (New South Wales). W. C. Sargeaunt, Esq. (Crown Agent). James Wheeler, Esi^. (Queensland). Seci-etary, Cashel Hoey, Esq. COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA. Dr. J. Forbes Watson. REPRESENTATIVES OF COLONIAL COMMISSIONS. Commis- sioners. New South Wales. Sir Charles Cowper, K.C.M.G.,"^ Agent-General for New South Wales. y Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. Donald Larnach Esq. Major C. F. Roberts, Secretary to the Com- mission. Queensland. Richard Daintree, Esq., Agent General for Queensland. Victoria. The Agent General for Victoria, Cliairman. Rt. Hon. Hugh C. E. Childers, M.P. Sir James MeCulloch. Sir W. F. Stawell. Charles Edward Bright, Esq. A. Michie, Esq., Q.C. Edward Spensley, Esq. South Australia. Francis S. Dutton, Esq., C.M.G., Agent Ge- neral for South Australia. J. A. Holden, Esq. W. W. Hughes, Esq. R. Barr Sniith, Esq. S. Yardley, Esq. "1 1- J J. Cashel Hoey, Esq. Secretaries. FOREIGN COMMISSIONERS. Argentine Confederation. Senor Constant Santa Maria. AusTRO-HuNGART. Qfficial Dlreo- The Chevalier De Schiiffer, Austro-Hungarian tory of 1873. Consul-General in London. »• Herr Stockinger, Austro-Hungarian Vice- Consul. Austria. M. le Baron Fran9ois de Wertheim, Coun- cillor, I.R., Member of the Museum I.R. of Arts and Industry at Vienna, &c. The Chevalier J. Reckeuschuss, President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Vienna. Hungary. M. le ChevaUer Charles Louis Posner. M. Odon Steinacker, Secretary of the Cham- ber of Commerce and Industry of Buda. Pesth. Baden. Dr. T. H. Meidinger, Councillor von Stoessor. Bavaria. Professor Konrad Hoff, President of the Society of Artists at Munich. Belgium. S.A.R. Monseigneur le Comte de Flandre. Honorary President. M. de Cannart d'Hamale, President. M. Ronnberg, Directeur an Minist^re de I'lnterieur, Vice-President. The Chevalier Corr-Vandermaeren, Commis- sioner Delegate. M. Paul Gilbert, Secretary to the Commission. Chili. Frederick Walters, Esq., Consul for Chili, at Liverpool. CoLOjmiA. James L. Hart, Esq., F.R.G.S., Consul for the United States of Colombia.. France. M. Ozenne, Couucillor of State, Secretary- General to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Commissioner-General for the Annual International Exhibitions. M. du Sommerard, Director of the Mnsee des Thermos, and of the Hotel de Cluny, Commissioner-General for the Annual Inter- national Exhibitions. Hesse. Herr A. Schleiermacher, Councillor of the Ministry of Finance, and President of the Central Office for Industry. Japan. A. Tomita. "1 ^ G.Takeda./*^^°^""^^>°°«"- H. Sakata, Secretary. B 2 k 20 APPENDIX 11. Official Dircc- Peru. toiy of 1 873. General De Manuel Mendiburn, Commis- sioner. Don Manuel de la Quintana, Delegate. Portugal. Viscount Du Prat, Consul-General for Portu- gal in London. Russia. M. P. De "Katschoubey, President of the Poly- technic Society of Russia. M. Theodore De I'VofiF, Secretary of the Poly- technic Society of Russia. San Saltador. James L. Hart, Esq., F.R.G.S., Consul for San Salvador. Spain. Senor Commendador Don"! Raphael D. Benjumea, | K.C. ^Commissioners. Senor Don Nicholas D. | Benjumea. J Senor Don Joaquim D. Del Pino, Secre- tary. Sweden. Baron A. H. Fock. Thorsten Nordenfelt, Esq., Commissioner. Switzerland. Albert Streckeisen, Esq., Consul-General for the Swiss Confederation. Venezuela. F. H. Hemming, Esq., Consul of Venezuela. WURTEMBERG. Dr. Von Steinbeis, President of the Board of Trade and Commerce. Charles Sevin, Esq., Deputy Commissioner. AGENTS TO FOREIGN COMMISSIONS. AUSTRO-HUNGA RY. Herr S. Pollitzer, 188, Upper Thames Street. Mr. Max Greger (for Austro-Huugarian Wines). Bavaria. Messrs. Schmolze, Rischman, & Co., 21, Old Broad Street. Belgium. Mr. Stokes. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY, 1874. Official Direc- LIST OF HER MAJESTY'S COMMIS- tor7ofl874. SIGNERS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF 1851. H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, K.G., President. H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh. K.G. H.R.H. The Prince Arthur, K.G. H.R.H. The Prince Christian, K.G. H.R.H. The Duke of Cambridge, K.G. H.S.H. The Duke of Teck, G.C.B. The Duke of Richmond, K.G., or Lord Pre- sident of the Council for the time being. The Duke of Buccleuch, K.G. The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. The Marquis of Lansdowne. The Marquis of Ripon, K.G. The Earl of Derby. The Earl Spencer, K.G. The Earl of Carnarvon. The Earl Granville, K.G. The Earl Russell, K.G. Lord Henry G. C. Lennox, M.P., or First Commissioner of Works for the time being. The Viscount Portman. The Viscount Sandon, or Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education for the time being. The Lord Overstone. The Lord Aberdare. The Right Hon. William E. Gladstone, M.P. The Right Hon. Robert Lowe, M.P. The Right Hon Sir Charles B. Adderley, K.C.M.G., M.P., or President of the Board of Trade for the time being. The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bkrt., C.B., M.P. The Right Hon. Hugh C. E. Childers, M.P. The Right Hon. Sir Alexander Y. Spearman, Bart. General the Right Hon. Sir Wilham T. Knollys, K.C.B. The Right Hon. Sir Henry Bartle E. Frere, G.C.S.I., K.C.B. The Right Hon. Lyon Playfair, C.B.. M.P., F.R.S., D.C.L. Sir Anthony de Rothschild, Bart. Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. Sir Thomas Bazley, Bart., M.P. Sir Richard Wallace, Bart., M.P. Sir William G. Anderson, K.C.B. Major-General Sir T. M. Biddulph, K.C.B. Sir Francis Grant, P.R.A. Sir Francis R. Sandford, C.B. Edgar A. Bowring, Esq., C.B., Treasurer. Major-General H. F. Ponsonby, C.B. Major-General D. M. Probyn, C.B., V.C. John Evans, Esq., F.R.S., or President of the Geological. Society for the time being. Thomas Fairbairn, Esq. Thomas Field Gibson, Esq. Thomas Elliot Harrison, Esq., P.I.C.E., or President of the Institution of Civil En- gineers for the time being. Alexander J. B. Beresford Hope., Esq., M.P. Major-General Henry Y. D. Scott, C.B., Secretary. L. C. Sayles, Esq., Clerk. APPENDIX II. 21 BOARD OF MANAGEMENT. The Earl Spencer, K.G., Chairman. The Marquis of Lansdowne. The Eight Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart., C.B., M.P. The Right Hon. Sir Henry Bartle E. Frere, G.C.S.I., K.C.B. Sir William G. Ander.son, K.C.B. Major-General D. M. Probyn, C.B., V.C. • Acting Commissioner. — Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. Executive. — Capt. E. G. Clayton, R.E. ; Lieut. H. H. Cole, R.E. Secretary to the Executive. — T. A. Wright, Esq. Assistant Secretary to the Executive. — F. W. Madden, Esq. FINANCE. James Richards, Esq., Accotmtant. CLERKS. W. Manser. F. Webb. E. Spear. J. G. W. Smythe. A. Rickard. T. C. E. Heimore. W. S. Broome. 8. Cowper. HER MAJESTY'S CUSTOMS. R. A. Ogilvie, Esq., C.B., Surveyor-General. G. H. Scrivenor, Esq., Officer in Charge. COMMITTEES OE ADVICE AND SELECTION. PERMANENT COMMITTEE FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF BRITISH PICTURES. The Duke of Westminster, K.G. The Earl Fitzwilliam, K.G. The Earl of Dunmore. Lord Ronald Leveson-Gower, M.P. Viscount Powerscourt. Sir Richard Wallace, Bart., M.P. Sir James Watts. S. Addington, Esq. W. Agnew, Esq. W. Baldwin, Esq. H. W. F. Bolckow, Esq., M.P. A. H. Brown, Esq., M.P. A. J. Brunton, Esq. E.J. Coleman, Esq. Alexander Collie, Esq. O. E. Coope, Esq., M.P. F. W. Cosens, Esq. ij. Dobree, Esq. H. W. Eaton, Esq., M.P. J. Fenton, Esq. Joshua Fielden, Esq., M.P. J. S. Forbes, Esq. John Fowler, Esq., C.E. W. Graham, Esq. J. C. Harter, Esq. J. Snowdon Henry, Esq. John Hick, Esq., M.P. Thomas Johnson, Esq. John Kelk, Esq. W. Leaf, Esq. C. T. Lucas, Esq. T. Lucas, Esq. J. Newton Mappin, Esq. Hugh Mason, Esq. C. P. Matthews, Esq. J. S. Morgan, Esq. A. Morrison, Esq. George Paine, Esq. John Pender, Esq., M.P. W. Quilter, Esq. R. Rawlinson, Esq., C.B., F.G.S. Samuel Redgrave, Esq. James Rei>s, Esq. William Smith, Esq., F.S.A. Charles Waring, Esq. H. Waring, Esq. W. Waring, Esq. J. Kemp Welch, Esq. Official Direc- tory of 1874. COMMITTEE TO ARRANGE FOR EXHIBITION OF SKETCIIES TAKEN BY NAVAL AND MILI- TARY OFFICERS. H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh, K.G., Chair- man. H.R.H. The Duke of Cambridge, K.G. H.S.H. The Count Gleichen, R.N. Vice-Admiral The Right Hon. Lord Clarence Paget, K.C.B. The Viscount Bury, K.C.M.G. Colonel The Hon. H. H. Clifford, C.B., V.C. Colonel The Hon. W. J. Colville. Colonel Sir J. C. Cowell, K.C.B., R.E. Colonel Sir H. E. Elphinstone, K.C.B., C.M.G., V.C, R.E. Brigadier- General Sir J. M. Adye, K.C.B., R.A. Vice-Admiral Hon. Sir J. R. Drummond, K.C.B. Major-General II. R. Benson, C.B. Colonel Biddulph, R.A. Dr. F. W. Blake, R.N. Colonel Hope Crealock, C.B. Colonel A. J. H. Elliot. Lieut-Colonel A. Ellis. Rear-Admiral C. I. F. Ewart, C.B. Colonel Gallwey, R.E. Captain R. C. Goff, A.D.C. Rear-Admiral E. A. Inglefield, C.B. Lieut. -Colonel R. Drury-Lowe. Rear-Admiral R. A. Oliver. R. Redgrave Esq., R.A. Major J. F. D. Donnelly, R.E. (Hon. Secretary.) 22 APPENDIX II. Official Direc- tory of 1874. DIVISION L COMMITTEES OF SELECTION FOR FINE ARTS. Painting. The Lord Ronald Leveson Gower, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Alfred Clint, Esq. F. Dillon, Esq. H. O'Neil, Esq., A.R.A. E. Redgrave, Esq., R.A. SCCLI'TURE. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Charles Bacon, Esq. F. W. Moody, Esq. Architecture. The Right Hon. Sir Henry Bartle Frere, G.C.S.I., K.C.B. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Joseph Clarke Esq., F.S.A. James Fergussou, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. Professor T. Hayter Lewis. T. Roger Smith, Esq. Alfred Waterhousc, Esq. Miscellaneous Art. A. S. Cole, Esq. Owen Jones, Esq. F. VV. Moody, Esq. E. Redgrave, Esq., R.A. K. A. Thompson, Esq. Engraving. T. Oldham Barlow, Esq., A.R.A. Colonel Browne, C.B., Dep. Adj.-Gen. R.E. R. Fisher, Esq. G. Smith, Esq. W. Smith, Esq. Lumb Stocks, Esq., R.A. J. A. Viuter, Esq. Photography. The Viscount Hawarden. Captain W. de W. Abney, R.E. Hugh W. Diamond, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. George Wharton Simpson, Esq.,M.A., F.S.A. R. A. Thompson, Esq. DIVISION II. CLASS VIII.— LACE, HAND AND MA- CHINE MADE. A. C. Biddle, Esq. R. Birkiu, Esq. John Brown, Esq. John Hunt Gosling, Esq. J. Hartshorn, Esq. Mr. Alderman Stone. Ancient Lace. H.R.H. The Princess Christian. H.R.H. The Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lome. H.R.H. The Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck, The Princess Teano. The Duchess of Marlborough. The Duchess of Northumberland. The Marchioness of Bute. Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford. The Marchioness of Exeter. Tlie Marchioness of Biistol. The Countess of Shrewsbury. The Countess De la Warr. The. Countess of Carnarvon. The Countess of Warwick. The Countess of Kenmare. The Countess of Bradford. The Countess Somers. TJie Countess of Cawdor. The Countess Brownlow. The Countess Spencer. The Jj&dy Sophia Des Voeux. The Lady Cornelia Guest. The Lady Marian Alford. The Lady Charlotte Schreiber. The Lady Susan Melville. The Lady Dorothy Nevill. The Lady Louisa Egerton. The Lady Wliarnclitfe. The Lady Chesham. The Lady Fitzhardinge. The Lady Hamilton Gordon. The Hon. Mrs. Percy Wyndham. The Hon. Mrs. Welby. Lady Lindsay. Lady Wyatt. Lady Drake. Mrs. Hailstone. Mrs. Holford. Mrs. Maccallum. Mrs. Alfred Morrison. Mrs. Bury Palliser. Mrs. Henry Reeve. CLASS IX.- CIVIL ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURAL AND BUILDING CONTRIVANCES AND MATE- RIALS, &c. The Earl of Caithness. The Lord Rayleigh. The Lord Richard Grosvenor, M.P. Sir Donald Campbell, Bart. Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart., F.R.S. Sir William Armstrong, C.B., F.R.S. Sir John Coode. Sir John Hawkshaw, F.R.S. Sir George Gilbert Scott, R.A., P.R.I. B.A. James Allport, Esq. W. Baker, Esq. C. Bailey, Esq. W. H. Barlow, Esq. J. F. Bateman, Esq., F.R.S. John Bird, Esq. John Blyth, Esq. F. J. Bramwell, Esq., F.R.S. Thomas Brassey, Esq., M.P. William Clode, Esq. Charles Comfort, Esq. John G. Crace, Esq. George Dines, Esq. James Douglass, Esq. Lieut.-Col. Du Cane, C.B., R.E. APPENDIX II. 23 John Elger, Esq. John Fowler, Esq. Captain Douglas Galton, C.B., F.R.S. Colonel Gallwey, R.E. Charles Gatliff, Esq. George Godwin, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. J. Grant, Esq. H. Grissell, Esq. H. L. Hanimack, Esq. William Hardwick, Esq., M.D. T. E. HaiTison, P]sq. T. Hawksley, Esq. H. Howard, Esq. S. M. Hubert, Esq. Horace Jones, Esq., V.P.R.I.B.A. H. H. Keeling, Esq, John Kelk, Esq. D. Kirkaldy, Esq. Mr. Alderman William Lawrence, M.P. C. T. Lucas, Esq. Thomas Lucas, Esq. Charles Manbj, Esq., F.R.S. William Marwick, Esq. Joseph Moreland, Esq. K. Moreland, Esq. W. G. Owen, Esq. Colonel Pasley, R.E. William Pole, Esq., F.R.S. Wyndham S. Portal, Esq. H. A. Rayner, Esq. George Ross, Esq., M.D. C. W. Siemens, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. T. Roger Smith, Esq. G. R. Stephenson, Esq.. F.R.S. R. J. Stuckey, Esq. C. B. Vignoles, Esq., F.R.S. F. W. Webb, Esq. Edward Woods, Esq. Colonel Wray, R.E. Thomas H. Wyatt. Esq., M.R.I.B.A. CLASS X.— HEATING BY ALL ME- THODS AND KINDS OF FUEL. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. W. H. Barlow, Esq. F. J. Bramwell, Esq. Edwin Chadwick, Esq., C.B. Lieut.-Col Du Cane, C.B., R.E. Major-Gen. F. Eardley-Wilmot, R.A., F.R.S. General Eliot. Captain Douglas Galton, C.B., F.R.S. Professor T. M. Goodeve, M.A. Dr. Mann. Dr. D. S. Price. Robert Rawlinson, Esq., C.B. Rev. Arthur Rigg. Captain Robert Scott, R.N. Major Webbei, R.E. CLASS XL— LEATHER, INCLUDING SADDLERY AND HARNESS. The Duke of Beaufort, K.G. The Viscount Combermere. The Lord Carington. Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart., M.P. Major Sir William Palliser, C.B. Sir Samuel W. Baker. W. Bayliss, Esq. W. W. B. Beach, Esq., M.P. S. Blackwell, Esq. William Christie, Esq. H. Reginald Corbet, Esq. Christopher Cuff, Esq. W. W. Daviss, Esq. William Essex, Esq. Captain Fenn. H. H. Flemming, Esq. Andrew Fulton, Esq. E. T. Holden, Esq. John Hollaud, P^sq. H. M. Holmes, Esq. G. N. Hooper, Esq. Matthew Thomas Husband, Esq. Samuel Thomas Jones, Esq. William Lennan, Esq. W. T. Luck, Esq. James Mcintosh, Esq. Archibald McDougall, Esq. J. D. McDougall, Esq. A. R. McTaggart Milroy, Esq. Edward Samuel Norris, Esq. F. Oldaker, Esq. John Peters, Esq. John Raukiu, Esq. William Rickatsou, Esq. R. Russell, Esq. W. Southey, Esq. J. I. Sowter, Esq. Robert, Stapleton, Esq. Captain Wallace. Official Dirwi- tory of 1874. CLASS XII.-BOOKBINDINQ OF ALL KINDS. The Duke of Devonshire, K.G. The Lord Houghton, D.C.L., F.R.S. The Lord Acton. The Right Hon. Sir D. Dundas, Q.C. The Vice-Chancellor of Oxford. The Very Rev. the Dean of Durham. Sir Wm. Stirling Maxwell, Bart., M.P. W. T. Bone, Esq. T. Gibson Craig, Esq. Henry Cunliffe, I*]sq. Augustus W. Franks, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. Lieutenant-Colonel Hibbert. J. Winter Jones, Esq., F.S.A. W. Maskell, Esq. F. H. Riviugton, Esq. A. Suttaby, Esq. Charles Teunant, Esq. J. Toovey, Esq. R. S. Turner, Esq. W. Watson, Esq. CLASS XIIL— FOREIGN WINES. The Earl of Dunmore. The Viscount Powerscourt. The Lord Skelmersdale. Sir D. Cooper, Bart. Colonel Charles Baring. Edward L. Beckwith, Esq. Gordon W. Clark, Esq. 24 APPENDIX II. Official Direc- John Oorlett, Esq. ioTj of 1874. ^- W. Cosens, Esq. Robert Gray, Esq. C. H. Kayser, Esq. C. Lombard de Luc, Esq. H. Matthiessen, Esq. G. Moffatt, Esq. Joseph Prestwich, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. E. Apps Smith, Esq. H. Goodenough Smith, Esq. Morgan Ytatman, Esq. ANCIENT OBJECTS. Sir William Drake. Sir M. Digby Wyatt, F.R.S., F.S.A. Dr. Hugh Diamond. Henry Durlacher, Esq. T. DA'er Edwardes, Esq. J. Evans, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. A. W. Franks, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. F. W. Moody, Esq. R. H. Soden Smith, Esq. R. A. Thompson, Esq. H. VaughiJD, E»q. T. M. Whitehead, Esq. DiyiSION III. CLASS XIV.— RECENT SCIENTIFIC INVENTIONS AND NEW DIS- COVERIES OF ALL KINDS. Sir W. Fairbairn, Bart., LL.D., F.R.S. Sir Eustace F. Piers, Bart. Major-General Sir Henry Harness, K.C.B. Sir C. Wheatstone, D.C.L., F.R.S. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. John Anderson, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S.E. Charles F. Beyer, Esq. Major Frank Bolton. Frederick J. Bramwell, Esq. Captain Hans Busk, LL.D., F.R.G.S. Captain Colomb, R.N. Major W. Grossman, R.E. Major J. F. D. Donnelly, R.E. Lieut.-Col. E. F. Du Cane, C.B., R.E. Professor E. Frankland, D.C.L., F.R.S. Professor T. M. Goodeve, M.A. John Hick, Esq., M.P. J. Norman Lockyer, Esq., F.R.S. John Penn, Esq., F.R.S. Dr. D. S. Price. John Ramsbottom, Esq. C. W. Siemens, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. T. Sopwith, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Lieutenant-Colonel Strange, F.R.S. Professor J. Tyndall, LL.D., F.R.S. C. B. Vignoles, Esq., F.R.S. ETHNOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL. Dr. F. J. Mouat, Chairman. The Right Hon. Sir Henry Bartle Frere, G.C.S.I., K.C.B. Sir Samuel W. Bak«r. Major-General Sir Vincent Eyre, C.B., K.C., S.I. Major-General Sir A. Purves Phaj^e, C.B. K. C.S.I. John Beddoe, Esq., M.D., F.R.S. Major Frank Bolton. Edward W. Brabrook, Esq. Professor George Busk. Hyde Clarke, Esq. J. Frederick Collingwood, Esq., F.G.S. J. Barnard Davis, Esq., M.D., F.R.S. John Evans, Esq., F.R.S. Fraucis Galton, Esq. Colonel Harley, C.B. Bryan Hodgson, Esq. Colonel Lane-Fox, F.S.A. Major R. A. Leveson. Dr. G. W. Leitner. C. R. Markham, Esq., C.B., F.R.S. W. Spottiswoode, V.P.R.S. Edward Thomas, Esq., F.R.S. W. S. W. Vaux, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Major Donnelly, IIo7i. Sec. COLONIAL COMMITTEE. The Right Hon. Hugh C. E. Childers, M.P. Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. Sir James McCulloch, K.C.M.G. Sir W. F. Staweil. Charles E. Bright. Esq. H. Cole, Esq., C.B. F. 8. Dutton, Esq., C.M.G. R. G. W. Herbert, Esq. P. G. Julyan, Esq., G.B. Major C. F. Roberts, R.A. William Robinson, Esq. W. C. Sargeaunt, Esq. Howard Spensley, Esq. James Wheeler, Esq. J. Cashel Hoey, Esq., Secretary. SUB-COMMITTEE. The Right Hon. Hugh C. E. Childers, M.F. Sir John Rose, Bart., K.C.M.G. Henrj' Cole, Esq., C.B. Richard Daintree, Esq. P. G. Julyan, Esq., C.B. COLONIAL COMMISSIONERS. New South Wales. Sir Charles Cowper, K.C.M.G. Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. Donald Larnach, Esq. Major C. F. Roberts, R.A., Secretary. Queensland. Richard Daintree, Esq. Victoria. Archibald Michie, Esq,, Chairman. Sir James McCulloch, K.C.M.G. Sir W. F. Staweil. Charles E. Bright, Esq. APPENDIX II. 25 Hcmard Spensley, Esq. Alfred Taddy Thomson, Esq. G. C. Levy, Esq., Secretary. SoDTH Australia. Francis S. Dutton, Esq., C.M.G. J. A. Holden, Esq. W. W. Hughes, Esq. Ban Smith, Esq. COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA. J. Forbes "Watson, Esq., M.D. FOREIGN COMMISSIONERS. Argentine Confederation. Senor Constant Santa Maria, Buenos-Ayrei. AUSTRO-HUNGART . The Chevalier De Schaffer. Herr F. Stockinger. Austria. M. le Baron Francois De Wertheim. Herr Gogl. Herr Isbary. Herr Woldhaus, Secretary. Hungary. M. le Chevalier Charles Louis Posner, Buda- Pesth. M. Odon Steinacker, Buda-Pesth. Herr Max Greger, "1 Delegates of the Hun- Herr M. Diosy, J garian Wine Exhibition. Herr J. Schiefner, Superintendent of the Hungarian Wine Exhibition. Badbn. Dr. T. H. Meidinger. Councillor Von Stoessor. Bavaria. Professor Konrad Hoff. Belgium. S.A.R. Monseigneur le Comte de Flandre. M. De Cannart D'Haniale. M. Ronnberg. M. Paul Gilbert, Secretary. Chili. Frederick Walters, Esq. Colombia. James L. Hart, Esq. France. M. Ozenne. M. Du Sommerard. Hesse. Herr A. Schleiennacher. Japan. K. Sonoda, Esq. G. Takeda, Esq. H. Sakata, Esq., Secretary. Peru. General D. Manuel Mendiburn. Senor Don Manuel De La Quintana, Portugal. Viscount Duprat. Russia. Lieutenant General Thillot. M. Firshmo. M. Fan-Der-Flitt. M. Nicolas de Firsoff, Secretary. San Salvador. * James L. Hart, Esq., F.R.G.S. Spain. Senor Commendador Don Raphael D. Ben- jumea, K.G. Senor Don Nicholas D. Benjumea. Sener Don J. D. Del Pino, Secretary. Sweden. Baron A. H. Fock. Thorsten Nordenfelt, Esq. SvriTZERLAND. Albert Streckeisen, Esq. Venezuela. F. H. Hemming, Esq. WURTBMBERQ. Dr. Von Steinbeis. Charles Sevin, Esq. Official Direc- tory of 1874. AGENTS TO FOREIGN COMMISSIONS. AUSTRO-HUHGART. Herr S. PoUitzer. Bavaria. Messrs. Schmolze, Rischman & Co. Belgiuu. J. H. Gammon, Esq. 26 APPENDIX III. APPENDIX III. ANNOUNCEMENTS OF THE EXHIBITIONS, Announcement ANNOUNCEMENT of the EiRST OF THE SERIES OF InTERNA- '"m?.''^ TiONAL Exhibitions in 1871, issued 23rd July 1869. No. 1. ANNUA.L International Exhibitions of selected Works of Fine and Industrial Art and Scientific Inventions, under the direction of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851. The first of the series will be held in 1871. - For .List of Her Majesty's Commissioners, see App. II., p. 3. General Rules and Regulations. A. — Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 announce that the first of a series of Annual International Exhibitions of selected Works of Fine and Industrial Art and Scientific Inventions will be opened at South Kensington, London, on Monday the 1st May 1871, and closed on Saturday the 30th September 1871. B. The Exhibitions will take place in permanent buildings, about to be erected, adjoining the arcades of the R(jyal Horticultural Gardens. C The productions of all nations will be admitted, subject to their obtaining the certificate of competent judges that they are of sufficient excellence to be worthy of exhibition. Y), The first Exhibition will consist of the following classes. For each class a reporter and a separate committee will be appointed. Division I. — Fine Arts. — Fine Arts applied or not applied to Works of Utility. Class 1. Painting of all kinds, in oil, water colours, distemper, wax, enamel, and on glass, porcelain, mosaics, &c. 2. Sculpture, modelling, carving and chasing in marble, stone, wood, terra-cotta, metal, ivorj, glass, precious stones, and any other materials. „ 3. Engraving, lithography, photography, &c. 4. Architectural designs, drawings, and models. ■ 5. Tapestries, carpets, embroideries, sliawls, lace, &c., shown not as manufactures but for the Fine Art of their design in form or colour. APPENDIX III. 27 Class 6. Designs for all kinds of decorative manufactures. Announcement „ 7. Copies of ancieut or mediaeval pictures, mosaics, enamels, repro- ^^^1071 ^ ductions in plaster, fictile ivory, electrotypes of ancient works of Art, &c. r Division II. — Manufactures. — Manufactures, Machinery, and Raw- Materials. Class 8. Pottery of all kinds, viz., earthenware, stoneware, porcelain, parian, &c., including terra-cottas used in building ; with any new raw materials, new machinery, and processes for the preparation of such manufactures. „ 9. Woollen and worsted fabrics, with any raw produce from new sources or prepared by any new process, and new machinery for woollen and worsted manufactures. „ 10. Educational works and appliances. Section a. School buildings, fittings, furniture, &c. „ b. Books, maps, globes, instruments, &c. „ c. Appliances for physical training, including toys and games. „ d. Specimens and illustrations of modes of teaching Fine Art, natural history, and physical science. „ e. Specimens of school work serving as examples of the results of teachins:. Division III. — Scientific Inventions and New Discoveries of all KINDS. Detailed rules and lists of the separate trades engaged in the production of objects of manufacture will be issued. Division IV. — Horticulture. International exhibitions of new and rare plants, and of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and plants showing specialities of cultivation will be held by the Royal Horticultural Society in conjunction with the above exhibitions. Special rules for horticultural exhibitions will be issued by the Royal Horticultural Society. E. — In Divisions II. and III. producers will be permitted to send one specimen of each kind of object they manufacture, such object being distinguished by novelty or excellence. F. — The arrangement of the objects will be according to classes and not, as in former international exhibitions, according to nationalities. G. — One third portion of the space in each class will be assigned to such foreign exhibitors as shall obtain certificates for the admission of their objects from their respective Governments. Foreign countries will appoint their own judges. The remaining two thirds of the space will be filled with objects produced either in the United Kingdom or in foreign countries where no commission has been appointed, and sent 28 APPENDIX HI. Announcement direct to the building for the inspection and approval of judges appointed "^1871 ^^^^ ^^® purpose. Objects not accepted for exhibition must be removed according to notices to be given, but no objects exhibited can be removed until the close of the exhibition. H.^ — All objects must be delivered at the building, into the charge of the proper officers, unpacked and ready for immediate exhibition and free of all charges for carriage, &c. I. — No rent will be charged for space, and Her Majesty's Commis- sioners will provide large glass cases, stands, and fittings, steam and water power, and general shafting, free of cost to tlie exhibitors, and, except in the case of machinery, carry out the ari-angement of the objects by their own officers. J. — Her Majesty's Commissioners will take the greatest possible care of all objects, but they will not hold themselves responsible for loss or damage of any kind. K. — Prices may be attached to the objects, and exhibitors will be encouraged to state their prices. Agents will be appointed to attend to the interests of exhibitors. L. — Every object must be accompanied by a descriptive label, stating the special reasons, such as excellence, novelty, cheapness, &c., why it is offered for exhibition. M. — Due notice will be given of the days for receiving each class of objects, and to enable the arrangements to be carried into effect strict punctuality will be required in the delivery of all contributions, both foreign and British. Objects sent or brought after the days appointed for their reception cannot be admitted. N. — Reports of each class of objects will be prepared immediately after the opening, and will be published before the 1st June 1871. O. — Each foreign country will be free to accredit an official reporter for every class in which objects made in such country are exhibited, for the purpose of joining in the reports. P. — Prizes will not be awarded, but a certificate of his having obtained the distinction of admission to the Exhibition will be given to each exhibitor. Q. — A catalogue will be published in the English language, but every foreign country will be free to publish a catalogue in its own language if it think fit. Henry Y. D. Scott, Lieut.-Col., E.E., Secretary. Office of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851, Upper Kensington Gore, London, W. APPENDIX IV. 29 APPENDIX IV. Announcement of the London International Exhibition of Announcement of 1 ft72 1872, being the Second of the Series of Annual Inter- " national Exhibitions of Selected Works of Pine Art (in- cluding Music), Industrial Art, and recent Scientific Inventions and Discoveries. Under the direction of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851. For List of Her Majesty's Commissioners, see App. XL, p. 9, General Purposes Committee, appointed to carry out the Series OF Annual International Exhibitions. The Marquis of Ripon, K.G., Chairman. Il.R.H. the Prince Christian, K.G. H.S.H. the Prince of Teck, G.C.B. The Marquis of Lansdowne. The Earl Granville, K.G. The Lord Northbrook. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart., C.B., M.P. The Right Hon. Henry A. Bruce, M.P. Clerk, T. A. Wright, Esq The Right Hon. William E. Forster, M.P. Sir Francis R. Sandford. Edgar A. Bowring, Esq., C.B., M.P. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. Thomas F. Gibson, Esq. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P. Colonel Henry F. Ponsouby. Henry Thring, Esq. General Rules and Regulations: A. — Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 announce that the Second of the series of Annual International Exhibitions of selected works of Fine' Art (including Music), Industrial Art, and Recent Scientific Inventions and Discoveries, will be opened at South Kensing- ton, London, on Wednesday, the 1st May 1872, and closed on Monday, the 3()th September 1872. B. — These Exhibitions will take place in the permanent buildings erected for the purpose, adjoining the Royal Horticultural Gardens, and in tlie Royal Albert Hall. Each Annual Exhibition will consist of three Divisions : — Division I. — Fine Arts. II. — Manufactures. „ III.- Recent Scientific Inventions and New Dis- coveries. Divisions I. and III. will form part of each Annual Exhibition. The Classes of Manufactures included in Division II. will vary from year to year. C. — The productions of all nations will be admitted, subject to their approval by competent judges as being of sufficient excellence to be 30 APPENDIX IV. Announcement worthy of exhibition, and provided they have not been exhibited in the 0^872. previous International Exhibition. D. — The Exhibition for 1872 will consist of the following classes. For each class a separate Committee of Selection will be appointed. Division I.— Fine Arts. Fine Arts applied or not applied to works of utility executed since 1862. Class 1. Painting of all kinds, in oil, water colours, distemper, wax, enamel, and on glass, porcelain, mosaics, etc. „ 2. Sculpture, modelling, carving and chasing in marble, stone, wood, terra-cotta, metal, ivory, glass, precious stones, and any other materials. „ 3. Engraving ; lithography ; photography, as a Fine Art, executed in the preceding twelve months. „ 4. Architectural designs and drawings, photographs of executed buildings, studies or restorations of existing buildings, and models. „ 5. Tapestries, carpets, embroideries, shawls, lace, &c., shown not as manufactures, but for the Fine Art of their design in form or colour. „ 6. Designs for all kinds of decorative manufactures. „ 7. Reproductions, i.e., exact copies of ancient or mediaeval pictures painted before A.D. 1550. Reproductions of mosaics and enamels ; copies in plaster and fictile ivory. Electrotypes of ancient works of Art, &c. Division II.— Manufactures. Class 8. Cotton and cotton fabrics. „ 9. Jewellery, i.e., articles worn as personal ornaments made of precious metals, precious stones, or their imitations, but not goldsmiths' and silversmiths' work, which will be exhibited in 1876, or watches, which will be exhibited in 1875. „ 10. Musical instruments of all kinds. „ 11. Acoustic apparatus and experiments. „ 12. Paper, stationery, and printing : — a. Paper, card, and millboard. b. Stationery, account books, &c. c. Letterpress, plate, and all other modes of printing. Raw materials, machinery, and processes used in the production of all the several classes of manufactures mentioned above. Detailed rules and lists of the separate trades engaged in the production of objects of manufacture will be issued. Division III. — Recent Scientific Inventions and New Discoveries OF ALL KINDS. E. — All objects submitted for this Exhibition must have been prodaced since 1862. APPENDIX IV. 31 F. — In the divisions of Manufactures and Recent Scientific Inventions Announcement and Discoveries producers can send only one specimen of each kind of " ' object they produce, such objects being distinguished by novelty or excellence. G. — The arrangement of the objects will be strictly according to classes, and not as in former International Exhibitions, according to nationalities. H. — Foreign Governments which desire to have space guaranteed for special and selected objects can obtain such a guarantee upon making application before the 1st October 1871. (See Special Rules.) I.— Objects produced in the United Kingdom, as well as those objects produced in foreign countries, for which space has not been guaranteed, must be sent direct to the building for the inspection and approval of judges appointed for the purpose. All objects must be delivered at the proper places in the building, which will be hereafter advertised, and into the care of the appointed officers, free of all charges for carriage, &c., unpacked, labelled, and ready for immediate exhibition. J. — No rent will be charged for space. Her Majesty's Commissioners will provide glass cases, stands, and fittings, steam and water power, and general shafting, free of cost to the exhibitors, if their requirements in these respects be notified to Her Majesty's Commissioners before the 1st of January 1872, and the Commissioners will carry out the arrangement of the objects by their own officers, except in regard to machinery, and to any special cases requiring skilled assistance, which must be provided by the exhibitor. K. — Her Majesty's Commissioners will take the greatest possible care of all objects, but they will not hold themselves responsible for loss or damage of any kind. L. — Prices should be attached to all works of Art, and retail prices to all other objects intended for sale at the close of the Exhibition. Agents will be appointed to attend to the interests of exhibitors. M. — Every object belonging to Divisions II. and III. must be accom- panied by a label, stating the name and address of the exhibitor, the special reasons, such as excellence, novelty, cheapness, &c., why it is offered for exhibition, and the retail price at which the public can obtain it. N. — The days appointed for receiving each class of objects are as follows : — March, Machinery and raw materials, ,, Recent scientific inventions and discoveries. „ Cotton. „ Acoustic apparatus. „ Paper, stationery, and printing. On I Friday, 1 » Saturday, 2 » Monday, 4 }> Tuesday, 5 J) Wednesday, 6 33 APPENDIX IV. Announcement of 1872. On Thursday, 7 Marcl » Friday, 8 ,, » Saturday, 9 „ » Monday, 11 „ >) Tuesday, 12 )> Wednesday, 13 „ » Thursday, 14 „ » Friday, 15 „ » Monday, 18 „ „ Monday, 25 )> Wednesday, 27 )> Thursday, 4 April 7 March, Painting in oil and in water colours. » >> Reproductions of pictures, mosaics, enamels, &c. Architectural designs, drawings, and models. Tapestries, carpets, embroideiies, &c. Engravings, lithography, photography, as Fine Arts. Designs for all kinds of decorative manu- factures. Furniture and all decorative works. Stained glass. Musical instruments. Sculpture. Jewellery, w^hich must be brought in small cases to be previously obtained from the Commissioners. To enable the arrangements to be carried into effect, strict punctuality will be required in the delivery of all objects, both foreign and British. Objects presented after the days appointed for their reception cannot be admitted. O. — Objects not accepted for exhibition must be removed according to the notices which will be given. Objects exhibited cannot be removed until the close of the Exhibition. P. — Reports of each class of objects will be prepared and printed immediately after the opening, and will be published as soon as possible after the 1st June 1872. Each foreign country may adopt and publish the reports in its own language, and, if desired, the ex})rcssion of its agreement or disagreement with the reports may be inserted in the English reports. Q. — Prizes will not be awarded, but a certificate of his having obtained the distinction of admission to the Exhibition will be given to each exhibitor. R.--A catalogue will be published in the English language, but every foreign country will be free to publish a catalogue in its own language if it thinks fit. S. — Tiie present rules apply to the Exhibition of 1872, and are subject to revision. All persons contributing to these Exhibitions shall be con- sidered thereby to render themselves subject to such rules and regulations as Her Majesty's Commissioners may, from time to time, lay down for the conduct of these Exhibitions. Musical Arrangements. Her Majesty's Commissioners will appoint a committee to select for appe:n"dix IV. 33 of 1872. performance in tlie Roj'al Albert Hall new compositions of merit which Announcement may have been published before the 1st March 1872. Supplementary Courts. Foreign Governments may erect, subject to the regulations laid down by Her Majestj^'s Commissioners, buildings supplementary to those assigned to the Exhibition proper, in order to give additional space to the exhibitors selected for admission into the Annual International Exhibitions. Her Majesty's Commissioners will also provide supple- mentary buildings for British exhibitors. It is a condition of admission to these buildings that they are only to be used for the display of objects corresponding with those prescribed for each particular year. Henry Y. D. Scott, Major-General, Secretary. OflSce of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851, Upper Kensington Gore, London, W. Horticultural Exhibitions. International Exhibitions of new and rare plants, and of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and plants showing specialities of cultivation, will be held at the same time as the above Exhibition, and special rules for them will be issued by the Royal Horticultural Society. August 1872. No. 1. Announcement of the Thihd London International Exhi- Announcement BITION of 1S73, being the Third of the Series of Annual '^^^* International Exhibitions of Selected Works of Fine Art (including Music), Industrial Art, and Eecent Scientific Inventions and Discoveries, under the direction of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851. For List of Her Majesty's Commissioners, set App. II., pp. 3, 9, 13. General Purposes Committee, appointed to carry out the Series of Annual International Exhibitions, as in 1872. For Members, see App. II., p. 9. General Rules and Regulations '^— Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 announce that the third of the series of Annual International Exhibitions of selected works of Fine Art (including Music), Industrial Art, and 35841. 34 APPENDIX IV. Announcement Recent Scientific Inventions and Discoveries, will be opened at South ■ Kensington, London, in April 1873, and closed in October 1873. The precise dates will be duly announced. B. — The Exhibition will take place in the permanent buildings erected for the purpose, adjoining the Royal Horticultural Gardens. It will consist of three divisions : — Division I. — Fine Arts. „ II. — Manufactures. „ III. — Recent Scientific Inventions and new Discoveries of all Kinds. C — The productions of all nations will be admitted, subject to the decision of competent judges as to their being worthy of exhibition, and provided they have not been exhibited in the previous International Exhibitions of this series. D. — The three divisions of this Exhibition will be subdivided into the following classes. For each class a separate Committee of Selection will be appointed. Division I. — Fine Arts. Fine Arts applied or not applied to works ol utility executed since 1863. Class 1. Painting of all kinds, in oil, water colours, distemper, wax, enamel, and on glass, porcelain, &c. Mosaics, drawings of all kinds. „ 2. Sculpture, modelling, carving and chasing in marble, stone, wood, terra-cotta, metal, ivory, glass, precious stones, and any other materials. „ 3. Engi'aving, lithography, photography as a Fine Art, executed in the preceding twelve months. „ 4. Architectural designs and drawings, photographs of completed buildings, studies or restorations of existing buildings, and models. „ 5. Tapestries, carpets, embroideries, shawls, lace, &c., shown not as manufactui'es, but for the Fine Art of their design in form or colour. „ 6. Designs for all kinds of decorative manufactures. „ 7. Reproductions, i.e., exact full size copies of ancient or mediaeval pictures painted before A.D. 1550. Reproductions of mosaics and enamels ; copies in plaster and fictile ivory. Electrotypes of ancient works of Art, &c. Division II. — Manufactures. Machinery, substances, and processes. Class 8. Silk and velvet fabrics. „ 9. Steel : — a. Steel manufactures, other than cutleiy and edge tools. b. Cutlery and edge tools. APPENDIX IV. 35 Class 10. Surgical instruments and appliances, „ 11. Carriages not connected with rail or tram roads. „ 12. Substances used as food : — a. Agricultural products and manurial substances used in culti- vation. h. Grocery, drysaltery, and preparations of food. c. Wine, spirits, beei", and other drinks, and tobacco. d. Implements of all kinds for drinking exhibited for peculiarity of shape or for novelty, and for the' use of tobacco. „ 13. Cooking, and its science. Announcement of 1873. Division III. — Class 14.— Recent Scientific Inventions and new Discoveries of all Kinds. E. — All industrial objects submitted for exhibition must be new. With the view, however, of increasing the educational value of the Exhibition, Her Majesty's. Commissioners will, wherever possible, set aside certain spaces for collections of ancient works in the industrial division. F. — The arrangement of objects will be strictly according to classes. G. — Foreign Governments which desire to have space guaranteed to them can obtain such guarantee upon making application before the 1st January 1873. Such guaranteed space will not, however, be reserved for any foreign objects vvliich are not delivered at the time appointed by Her Majesty's Commissioners. H. — Objects produced in the United Kingdom, as well as those objects produced in foreign countries, for which space has not been guaranteed must be sent direct to the building for the inspection and approval of judges appointed for the purpose. All objects must be delivered at the proper places in the building, which will be hereafter advertised, and into the care of the appointed officers, free of all charges for carriage, &c. unpacked, labelled, and ready for immediate exhibition. I. - No rent will be charged for space. Her Majesty's Commissioners will provide glass cases, stands, and fittings, steam and water power, and general shafting, free of cost to the exhibitors, if their requiz-ements in these respects be notified to Her Majesty's Commissioners before the 81st of January 1873, and the Commissioners will carry out the ar- rangement of the objects by their own officers, except in regard to machinery, and .other articles requiring skilled assistance and special fittings, which must be provided by the exhibitor. J. — Her Majesty's Commissioners will take the greatest possible care of all objects, but they will not hold themselves responsible for loss or damage of any kind. K. — Prices should be attached to all works of Art, and (whenever possil'le) to all other objects intended for sale at the close of the Exhi- C 2 36 APPENDIX IV. Announcement bition. Price clerks will be appointed to register the selection of objects °^_^^' ^^^ purchase, and to introduce the seller to the buyer. L. — Every object belonging to Divisions II. and III. must be accom- panied by a label, stating the name and address of the exhibitor, the special reasons, such as excellence, novelty, cheapness, &c., why it is offered for exhibition, and (whenever possible) the retail price at which the public can obtain it. M. — The latest days appointed for receiving each class of objects are as follows : — On Saturday, 1st March paintings in oil and water colours „ Monday, 3rd >f » >» „ Tuesday, 4th )> Sculpture. „ Wednesday, 5th >) >> „ Thursday, 6th >> Fine Art furniture and all decor Friday, Saturday, Monday, Tuesday, 7th 8th 10th 11th works — stained glass — reproductions — substances used as food. Fine Art furniture and all decorative works — architectural designs — sub- stances used as food. Engravings, &c. — tapestries, &c. — cooking, and its science. Steel, cutlery, and edge tools — cooking, and its science. Surgical instruments and appliances — • machinery and raw materials — sci- entific inventions. Designs for decorative manufactures — machinery and raw materials — sci- entific inventions. 19th „ Silk and velvet. 7 th April, Carriages. That the necessary arrangements for meetings of the Committees of Selection may be carried into effect, strict punctuality will be required in the delivery of all objects, both foreign and British. N. — Objects not accepted for exhibition must be removed according to notices which will be hereafter given. O. — Objects exhibited cannot be removed until the close of the Exhi- bition, except under the orders of Her Majesty's Commissioners. P. — Prizes will not be awarded, but a medal will be given to each exhibitor certifying that he has obtained the distinction of admission to the Exhibition. Q — A catalogue will be published in the English language, but every foreign country will be free to publish a catalogue in its ovrn language. Wednesday, 12th Wednesday, Monday, APPENDIX IV. 37 B. — Tickets of admission will be issued to each exhibitor or firm exhi- Announcement biting, after the opening of the Exhibition. o j^3. S. — The above rules apply to the Exhibition of 1873, All persons contributing to that Exhibition shall be considered thereby to render themselves subject to the present rules, and to such other rules and regulations as Her Majesty's Commissioners may, from time to time, lay down. APPENDIX V. (30th May 1871.) Arrangements for Exhibiting Manufactures in each of A.rrangements the Nine Exhibitions to follow the present one of 1871. yeaS E^hT bitions after 1872. 1871. Cotton and all its uses. Jewellery, i.e., objects worn as personal ornaments made of precious metals, precious stones, or their imitations, but not gold and silver- smiths' work for general use, which will be exhibited in 1876, or watches, which will be exhibited in 1875. Musical instruments of all kinds. Acoustical apparatus and experiments. Paper, stationery, and printing. a. Paper, card, and millboard. b. Stationery, account books, &c. c. Letterpress, plate, and all other modes of printing. New raw materials, machinery and processes used in the production of all the several classes of manufactures mentioned above. Any Modifications in the year 1873 or the following Years will he duly announced. 1873. Silk and velvet. Steel, cutlery, and edge tools. a. Steel manufactures. 6. Cutlery and edge tools. Surgical instruments and appliances. Carriages not connected with rail or tram roads. 38 APPENDIX V. Years Exhi- bitions after 1871. Arrangements Substances used as food. for the Nine * • i ■ i i , a. Agricultural products. b. Drysaltery, grocery, preparations of food. c. Wine, spirits, beer and other drinks, and tobacco. d. Implements for drinking, and the use of tobacco of all kinds. Cooking and its science. Machinery for the group. Raw materials for all the above-mentioned objects. 1874. Lace, hand and machine made. Civil engineering, architectural, and building contrivances and tests. a. Civil engineering, and building construction. 6. Sanitary apparatus and constructions. c. Cement and plaster work, &c. Leather, including saddlery and harness. a. Leather, and manufactures of leather. h. Saddlery, harness. Artificial illumination by all methods, gas and its manufacture. Bookbinding of all kinds. Machinery in general for the group. Raw materials used for all the above-mentioned objects. 1875. Woven, spun, felted, and laid fabrics (when shown as specimens of printing or dyeing). Horological instruments of all kinds. Brass and copper manufactures. Hydraulics and experiments. Supply of water. Machinery in general for the group. Raw materials used for all the above-mentioned objects. 1876. Works in precious metals and their imitations. Photographic apparatus and photography. Skins, furs, feathers, and hait. Agricultural machinery and results. Philosophical instruments, and processes depending upon their use. Uses of electricity. Machinery in general for the group. Raw materials used for all the above-mentioned objects. APPENDIX V. 39 1877. Furniture and upholstery, including paper-hangings and papier mS,chd a. Furniture and upholstery. b. Paper hangings and general denoration. Health, manufactures, &c., promoting, with experiments. Machinery in general for the group. Raw materials used for all the above-mentioned objects. Arrangements for the Nine Years Exhi- bitions after 1871. 1878. Tapestry, embroidery and needlework. Glass. a. Stained glass used in buildings. b. Glass for household purposes. Military engineering, armour and accoutrements, ambulances, ordnance and small arms. a. Clothing and accoutrements. b. Tents, camp equipages, and military engineering. c. Arms, ordnance, and ammunition. * Naval architecture — ships' tackle. a. Ships for purposes of war and commerce. b. Boats, barges, and vessels for commerce, amusement, &,c. c. Ships' tackle and rigging. Additional. d. Clothing for the navy. Heating and combustion, with experiments. Machinery in general for the group. Raw materials used for all the above-mentioned objects. 1879. Matting of all kinds, straw manufactures. Flax and hemp. Iron and general hardware. a. Iron manufactures. 6, Tin, lead, zinc, pewter, and general brazing. Dressing cases, travelling cases, &c. Horticultural machinery and products. Uses of magnetism. Machinery in general for the group. Raw materials used for all the above-mentioned objects. 40 APPENDIX V. Arrangement! for the Nine Years Exhi- bitions after 1871. 1880. Chemical substances and products, and experiments, pharmaceutical processes. a. Chemical products. 6. Medical and pharmaceutical products and prof-esses. c. Oils, fats, wax. Articles of clothing. a. Hats and caps. 6. Bonnets and general millinery. c. Hosiery, gloves, and clothing in general. d. Boots and shoes. Railway plant, including locomotive engines and carriages. Machinery in general for the group. Raw materials used for all the above-mentioned objects. APPENDIX VI. General Regulations for the Annual Intehnational Exhibitions, issued in 1873. Objects of Exhibitions. London Annual Exhibitions tinder the Royal Com- mission for Exhibition of 1851. Objects of the Annual Exhi- bitions. Alliance of fine art and industry. The Objects of the Exhibitions, 1. Tlie London Annual International Exhibitions are conducted by the Royal Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851, who are trustees of the funds arising from the profits of the First International Exhi- bition in 1851, to be devoted to the promotion of science and art bearing on productive industry. 2. It is intended that these Exhibitions shall furnish the opportunity of decennially reviewing the progress, throughout the world, of fine arts, and of every branch of industrial manufactures, with the view of stimu- lating the application of the principles of science and art to productive industry. 3. In modern times beauty or fine art has, sometimes, been too much dissociated from purposes of utility ; but, in the ancient and mediaeval periods, high art was often brought into alliance with the commonest materials of manufacture. Thus, the Etruscans painted on vessels of clay subjects which still charm us by their beauty of composition and skilful drawing ; the furniture and implements recovered from Pompeii are as remarkable for their artistic form as for their ingenious design ; APPENDIX VI. 41 divisions. and the celebrated cartoons of RafFaelle were merely designs for the General Regu- T , • j> n u • lations issued decoration oi woollen hangings. j^ ^g-g 4. Hence, in the London International Exhibitions, the Fine Art -r\" • • -NT - -11 Objects a d- Division, JNo. 1., will recur annually, so that encouragement may be mitted are ex- given to progress in the application of art to manufactures, and to ^^^^**^^ '° ^^^'^^ objects of every-day use. Illustrations of musical art will also be given. Divisioa II. will consist of three or four of the chief classes of manu- factures, so selected thai all the industrial arts shall be brought under review once in the series of ten years. The respective raw materials and machinery employed in such manufactures will also be exhibited. Division III. will include scientific inventions and new discoveries, of such importance that their introduction to the public should not be delayed till the proper year for their exhibition in Division II. The objects admitted to the current series of London International Exhi- bitions are therefore classified as follows : — Division I.— Fine Arts. „ II.— Manufactures, with the Raw Materials, Ma- chinery, AND Processes employed. „ III. — Recent Scientific Inventions and New Dis- coveries. 5. The London Annual International Exhibitions are held in per- manent buildings, erected for the purpose, at South Kensington, adjoining the Royal Horticultural Society's gardens, and in the galleries of the Royal Albert Hall. 6. The productions of all nations will be admitted, subject to the decision of competent judges as to their being worthy of exhibition, and provided that they have not been exhibited in previous International Exhibitions of this series. 7. Applications to submit objects proposed for exhibition to the official " Committees of Selection " should be made on the Form of Preliminary Application (No. 10), which can be obtained at the offices, 5, Upper Kensington Gore, London, S.W., and should be forwarded to the Secretary before the 1st January of the year in which the Exhibi- tion wiU be held. 8. Foreign governments desiring to have space guaranteed to them can obtain such guarantee upon making application [see par. 59, p. 50) before the 1st January of the year in which the Exhibition is to be held. Such guaranteed space cannot, however, be reserved for any foreio-n objects which are not delivered at the time appointed by Her Majesty's Commissioners. Objects forwarded by a foreign government to fill any such guaranteed space will not (if they come within the scope of the Ex- hibition) be submitted to the Committees of Selection, but will ^a exhi- Buildings. Objects ex- hibited must be approved by Committees of Selection. Application to submit objects for exhibition. Space guaran- teed to foreign governments. 42 APPENDIX VI. General Regu- lations issued in 1873. Objects to be approved by Committees of Selection. Goods must be delivered punctually. Carriage must be prepaid. No rent for space, and cases, &c. are provided for exhibitors. Woodwork of cases to be black. Objects gene- rally will be arranged for exhibitors. Arrangement of objects. Changes will be made if desirable. bited on the responsibility of the government sending them. Her Majesty's Commissioners reserve to themselves the right of admitting to the Exhibition, through the Committees of Selection, any object coming from a foreign country, whether such country has had space guaranteed to it or not. 9. Objects produced in the United Kingdom or in the Colonies, as well as objects produced in those foreign countries for which space has not been guaranteed, must be sent direct to the building for the in- spection and approval of the Committees of Selection. All objects must be delivered on the appointed days, at the proper entrances to the building (which will be duly advertised), and into the care of the appointed officers, free of all charges for carriage, &;c., unpacked, labelled, and ready for immediate exhibition. 10. In order that the necessary arrangements for meetings of the Committees of Selection may be carried into effect, strict punctuality will be required in the delivery of all objects, whether foreign or British. 11. The Commissioners cannot undertake to receive any package which may be presented by carriers with charges mipaid. Foreign artists vv^hose works are not sent throiigh a foreign government should consign their works to an agent in London. Messrs. Chaplin and Home, Swan with Two Necks, Gresham Street, London, will convey packages from vessels to the Exhibition at fixed rates, and are recommended as the London agents for exhibitors, 1 2. No rent will be charged for space ; and Her Majesty's Commis- sioners will provide glass cases, railings, and shafting for machinery in motion, free of cost to the exhibitors, should the exhibitors desire it ; but their requirements in these respects must be notified to the Commis- sioners before the 1st January of the year in which the Exhibition is to be held. {See Form No. 10^.) 13. In the case of exhibitors supplying their own glass cases, aU the woodwork of frames should be black and polished, and the designs approved by Her Majesty's Commissioners. 14. Her Majesty's Commissioners will carry out the arrangement of the objects by their own officers, unless the exhibitors make special application to be allowed to do so. The arrangement of machinery and other articles requiring skilled assistance and special fittings must be undertaken by the exhibitor. 15. The arrangement of objects will, as far as possible, be according to classes, and not nationalities. 16. Her Majesty's Commissioners reserve to themselves the power of determining all questions relating to the position and arrangement of all objects in all the classes, as well as those relating to such cl anges as may from time to time be found desirable. APPENDIX VI. 43 17. Every object sent for exhibition should be accompanied by a label, stating the name and address of the exhibitor, and if several works are sent a numbered list of the works submitted for approval must be sent in with them, each work bearing a label and a number corresponding with this list. To eacli work should also be securely attached a label bearing the title and the name and address of the artist and owner: particular accuracy is requested in this respect. 18. Prices should be attached, whenever possible, to all objects in- tended for sale at the close of the Exhibition. Price clerks will be appointed to register the selection of objects for purchase, and to intro- duce the seller to the buyer.* 19. Objects not accepted for exhibition must be removed from the building in compliance with the notices which will be given after the decisions of the Committees of Selection have been notified to Her Majesty's Commissioners. 20. Objects exhibited cannot be removed until the close of the Exhi- bition, except under the orders of Her Majesty's Commissioners. 21. No prizes will be awarded ; but a medal will be given to each Ex- hibitor, as a certificate that he has obtained the distinction of admission to the Exhibition. 22. An official catalogue will be published in the English language, but every foreign country will be at liberty to publish a catalogue in its own language. 23. Her Majesty's Commissioners will take the greatest possible care of all objects sent for exhibition, but they will not hold themselves responsible for loss or damage of any kind. 24. Tickets of admission, available during the Exhibition, will be General Regu- lations issued iu 1873. Labels. Prices should be attached. Price clerks. Rejected goods to be removed by owners. Accepted goods must re- main during the Exhibition. Medals for exhibitors. Catalogue. The Commis- sioners not re- sponsible for damage to ob- jects exhibited. Free admis- sion tickets for exhibitors. * To afford the public facilities for obtaining objects at the close of the Exhibition, clerks will be employed in various parts of the building to register exhibits selected for purchase. They will be at their desks daily, and will assist intending purchasers under the subjoined rules framed in accordance with the practice followed at the Royal Academy Exhibitions. a. The price clerk will register the exhibits selected by intending purchasers. b. Any object or picture not priced by the exhibitor will be regarded by the price clerk as " not for sale," unless special instructions are given by the owner. c. An intending purchaser will sign his name and enter his address on a form, which will be retained as a voucher for marking the object or picture as selected for purchase. d. The price clerk will then communicate with the owner of the exhibit, and will enter it as selected for purchase. e. No article can be removed from the Exhibition until its close. f. All copies or duplicates must be obtained out of the Exhibition, and for them the price clerk will not take orders ; such applications should be made direct to the exhibitor. g. Articles selected for purchase will be removed by the exhibitor, with whom all monetary transactions must be conducted. h. For the convenience of intending purchasers, the prices of objects will be inserted in the catalogue, when they are furnished by the exhibitors. Every endeavour will be used to ensure correctness, but Her Majesty's Commissioners will hold themseh'es in no way responsible for loss which may be incurred through error in such entries. 44 APPENDIX VI, General Regu- lations issued in 1873. Exhibitor* considered to bind them- selves to these rules, as con- dition of ad- mission. Fine arts. Paintings and Bculpture. Privileges of societie*. given, on application, after the opening of the Exhibition, to each exhibitor, or firm exhibiting. 25. All exhibitors in the London International Exhibitions, by the fact of exhibiting, render themselves subject to the present rules, and to such other rules and regulations as Her Majesty's Commissioners may from time to time lay down. Kegulattons for Classes of Fine Art. — Division I. 26. Examples of fine art (either applied or not applied to works of utility) will form part of each Exhibition of the series, and will be arranged under Division I., in the following classes: — Class 1. Painting of all kinds, in oil, water colours, distemper, wax, enamel, and on glass, porcelain, &c. Mosaics ; drawings of all kinds. „ 2. Sculpture, modelling, carving and chasing in marble, stone, wood, terra-cotta, metal, ivory, glass, precious stones, and any other materials. „ 3. Engraving ; lithograpliy ; photography, as a fine art, exe- cuted in the preceding twelve months. „ 4. Architectural designs and drawings, photographs of completed buildings, studies or restorations of existing buildings, and models. „ 5. Tapestries, carpets, embroideries, shawls, lace, &c., shown not as manufactures, but for the fine art of their design in form or colour. „ 6. Designs for all kinds of decorative manufactures. „ 7. Reproductions, i.e., exact full size copies of ancient or medigeval pictures painted before A.D. 1556. Reproductions of mo- saics and enamels ; copies in plaster and fictile ivory ; electrotypes of ancient works of art, &c. Such works may be ancient or modern, according to the special regulations issued for each year. 27. As respects modern works, an artist himself must not submit more than three works of each kind for exhibition, but he may submit works of as many different kinds as he pleases : thus the same artist may send for admission three oil paintings, three water-colour paintings, three paintings on enamel, porcelain, &lc. ; also three sculptures in marble, three in wood, &c. 28. Works by British or foreign artists, who are members of academies, such as the Royal Academy of London, the Institute of British Artists, the two Water Colour Societies, the Royal Scottish Academy, and the French, German, Italian, Belgian, or other foreign academies, and well- established societies of artists, will be secured admission if application be APPENDIX yi. 45 made. and particulars of the vrorks given by the respective societies before 1st January 1874. 29. The pictures ma}? have been already publicly exhibited in other places than the Annual International Exhibitions, and may have been painted at any period of the career of the artist. 30. Merit being equal in the case of paintings, preference in the selection will be given to pictures which have been already exhibited by societies named in paragraph 28 ; also to those paintings which are of a decorative character, and are designed for a special decorative purpose. 31. Collections of the works of deceased eminent Bi-itish artists will be made every year by Her Majesty's Commissioners, to illustrate their career. 310-. The admission of works sent direct by artists will be regulated by the space available either in the east and west galleries, or in the galleries of the Royal Albert Hall. Her Majesty's Commissioners reserve to themselves the absolute right of arranging all such works where they see fit. 32. In the case of any distinguished artist recently deceased, a selection of his works may be exhibited as a group. 33. Works by officers of the army and navy will be collected by a committee, and exhibited separately."^ 34. Sketches made by artists in furtherance of their works, also the works of amateurs illustrating their travels, are eligible for admission.f 35. Collectors who may desire to exhibit their collections of fine arts together may have space allotted upon making application before January 1st in each year. J General Regu- lations issued in 1873. What pictures are admissible. Preference given to pic- tures men- tioned in par. 28. Deceased British artists. Admission and arrangement of works re- gulated by space avail- able. Recently de- ceased artists. Army and navy. Sketches. Exhibition of collections. * The officers of the army and navy have special opportunities of producing illustrations of scenery, buildings, and native customs in all parts of the world, as well as representations of scientific warfare. The following is the committee for this purpose : — Captain H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, K.G., R.N. Field Marshal H.R.H. the Duke of Cam- bridge, K.G. Captain H.S.H. Count Gleichen, R.N. Brigadier-Gen. Sir J. M. Adye, K.C.B., R.A. Major-General H. R. Benson, C.B., late 17th Lancers. Colonel R. Biddulph, R.A. Dr. F. Blake, R.N. Col. Hon. H. H. CliflFord, C.B., V.C. Colonel Hon. W. J. Colville. Lieut.-Col. Sir J. C. Cowell, C.B., R.E. Colonel H. Crealock, C.B. Vice- Admiral Hon. J. R. Drummond, C.B., R.N. Colonel Alexander Elliot. Colonel A. E. Ellis. Lieut.-Col. Sir H. Elphinstone, K.C.B., C.M.G., V.C, R.E. Rear-Admiral Ewart, C.B., R.N. Colonel T. Gallwey, R.E. Captain R. C. Goff, Coldstream Guards. Rear- Admiral E. A. Inglefield, C.B., R.N. Lieut.-Colonel R. Drury Lowe. Rear-Admiral Oliver, R.N. Major J. F. D. Donnelly, R.E., Hon. Sec. of the Committee. ■j- In 1873, Mr. Taylor lent 50 paintings by himself illustrating Indian life and scenery, which were displayed as a series in the Indian Court. % His Royal Highness the Due de Nemours also obligingly aided in supplying the void in the representation of French art occasioned by the International Exhibition at Vienna, by ending 16 pictures representing the visits of Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort to France 46 APPENDIX VI. General Regu- lations issued in 1873. Decorative fine art. Architecture. Copies of ancient and mediaeval works of art. Certificated foreign works. Frames. Heavy objects of fine art. 36. Paintings and sculptures may either be works complete in them- selves, or may form part of the decoration of objects of utility, e.g., vases in pottery, fans, panels for furniture, wood-carving for furniture, &c., provided that such objects are entitled to be classed as works of fine art. 87. The buildings to which architectural drawings, &c., relate must have been designed, commenced, or finished within ten years preceding that in which the Exhibition is held. Architectural drawings and designs which have gained the travelling studentship of the Royal Academy, the gold medal of the Royal Academy, or the Soane medallion of the Royal Institute of British Architects, within the preceding five years, will be considered admissible without other question than that of sufiiciency of space. Each architectural work should bear the name of the architect who designed, as well as that of the artist who painted it. Architectural models should be submitted when possible. Drawings of plans, which can be admitted only as explanations of the general design, should be on as small a scale as possible. 88. A producer will be permitted to submit for selection reproductions of any number of ancient or medifeval works of art. 39. Foreign works of fine art may be sent with the certificate of ad- mission given by the respective governments, or by the academies, of the countries in which they are produced. 40. All pictures and drawings must be in gilt or other suitable frames. Drawings with wide margins are inadmissible. Excessive breadth in frames, as well as largely projecting niouldings, may prevent pictures being admitted or obtaining the situation which they merit ; and oval frames should be avoided, as they are diflScult to arrange. Each picture or drawing must Ibe in a separate frartie, but a series of drawings re- lating to one subject, very small miniatures, or sculptured gems, placed in a ft ame not exceeding the imperial size, will be admitted as one work. 41. To prevent unnecessary trouble and expense to artists who may wish to exhibit heavy objects, such as sculpture, decorative furniture, architectural models, and bulky reproductions, photographs or sketches of the works proposed for exhibition, with specification of height, and dimensions of the base, should be sent to the Secretary on or before the 1st January of the year in which the Exhibition is held, so that a decision may be come to as to the possibility of their admission. in 1843, and of King Louis Philippe to England in 1844 (Nos. 261 to 277), and Sir R. Wallace has lent his unrivalled collection of works of Meissonnier, which are arranged together (Nos., 244 to 258). Mr. J. Newton Mappin, of Slieffield, sent 18 interesting pictures from his collection, which are also arranged together as bis contribution (Nor. 323 to 3,i4). Sir Robert Peel contrilmted paintings by Mr. Simpson, illustrating incidents in the Crimea (Nos. 1,501 to 1,514); and Mr. MacCallum contributed 24 sketches from Egypt (Nos. 1,515 to 1,539). APPENDIX VI. 47 prices. Manufactures. 42. To each work should also be securely attached a label bearing the General Regu- title and the name and address of the artist and owner: particular *;n"i873"*^ accuracy is requested in this respect. The prices of works, if for sale, must be stated on the label accompanying the work ; and if not for sale attached, with the work must be so marked. {For days of receiving works of art, see par. 57, p. 49). Regulations for Manufactures, with the Raw Produce, Machinery and Processes employed. — Division II. 43. In 1874, Division II. of the Exhibition wiU consist of the following classes (see special rules and separate notices) : — Class 8. Lace (hand and machine made). „ 9. Civil engineering, architectural and building contrivances. a. Civil engineering, architectural and building contri- vances. b. Sanitary apparatus and construction. c. Cement and plaster work, &;c. „ 10. Heating by all methods and kinds of fuel. „ 11. Leather, including saddlery and harness. a. Leather, and manufactures of leather. b. Saddlery, harness, »Scc. „ 12. Bookbinding. „ 13. Foreign wines, in the vaults of the Royal Albert Hall. Under Division II. (manufactures) will be exhibited selected specimens of the finished manufacture, as well as the raw material of the fabric in its different stages of production, and the machinery and processes employed in its manufacture. 44. All industrial objects submitted for exhibition should be limited to such specimens as are necessary to show the manufacture and patterns in a satisfactory manner. No mere duplicates can be admitted : the same design in a fabric may, however, be shown with difierent combi- nations of colours. 45. With the view of increasing the educational value of the Exhibition, by chronicling the progress of manufactures. Her Majesty's Commis- sioners will reserve certain spaces in the industrial division for special collections of ancient woi'ks. 46. In the case of industrial productions, the special reasons (such as excellence, novelty, cheapness, &c.) why it is exhibited should be stated, and, whenever possible, the average retail price at which it can be bought. 47. Exhibitors of machinery must construct all necessary foundations, and provide their own driving-belts and driving-pulleys, which are to be in halves, and bored to the proper diameter of the main shafting, aa notified to them by Her Majesty's Commissioners. They must also Duplicates not admissible. Collections of ancient works of industry will be admis- sible. Retail prices. Exhibitors to provide foundations, pulleys, &c. , for machinerj. 48 APPENDIX VI. General Regu- lations issued in 1873. Goods manu- factured with- in the Exhibi- tion building may be sold to visitors. Particulars required for machinery. Exhibitors to pay for gas or water con- sumed. supply and erect, at their own expense, any counter-shafting (including the necessary foundations) which they may consider requisite to increase or reduce the speed to suit their own particular machines. 48. In order that exhibitors of machinery and processes may recoup the cost of the operations illustrated, they will be permitted to sell to visitors such results of the operations as are actually manufactured within the Exhibition building, on condition of the payment of a moderate royalty, based upon a head-money payment on the total number of visitors to the Exhibition. 49. The following information should be supplied, with the form of preliminary application (Form No. 10), by proposing exhibitors of machi- nery (Form No. 10^). a. A plan of each machine, showing the position of d riven-pulleys, the minimum space required for attendants, and indicating the parts of the machine which should be placed most prominently for inspection by the public. An elevation would also be of use, if it could be supplied without inconvenience. h. A plan and section of the foundations required. c. The weight of the machine. d. The amount of motive-power, in actual horse-power, required from main shafting. e. Should water, steam, or gas be required, all necessary information as to the quatitities of the requisite supplies, which must be paid for by the exhibitor. 50. Exhibitors must make their own connexions for gas, water, and steam. They must also provide and attach meters of sufficient capacity to measure the quantities of gas or water which they may consume, a^ld for which they must pay monthly to Her Majesty's Commissioners, at the rates actually charged at the time by the companies. {The days for receiving manufactures, &c., are stated in paragraph 57.) Recent scien- titic inven- tions. Objects should be uew. Information to accomptny Recent Scientific Inventions and New Discoveries of all Kinds. — Division III. 51. Division III., recent scientific inventions and discoveries, will consist of objects, the excellence and novelty of which are considered by the Committee of Selection to be so great as to render it undesirable that their introduction to the public should be delayed until the proper year for the exhibition of their classes of manufacture in Division II. 62. No objects will be admitted into Division III. which have been shown in previous International Exhibitions of this series, unless very- important alterations or improvements have been added to them since the date of their previous exhibition. 53. To assist the Committee of Selection in judging of the qualifi- cations for admission of any invention submitted for exhibition in APPENDIX VI. 49 Division III., it is desirable that the form of preliminary application General Eegu- (No. 10) should be accompanied by a statement of the inventor's special ^ in^i^'y^j"*^ claims to novelty and excellence, and (if possible) by the written opinion of some scientific gentleman of repute who has practically examined the cation °^ ^^^^^' invention. 54. The Act of Parliament for the protection of inventions exhibited Actforpro- at the Annual International Exhibitions is entitled " The Protection of ^eSiifexhi- Inventions Act, 1870," 33 & 34 Vict. c. 27., and dated 14th July, 1870. bited. (TAe day appointed for receiving objects in this-division is 11th March 1874.) Special Regulations for the London Exhibition of 1874. 55. The fourth of the present series of Annual International Exhibitions of selected works of fine art (including music), industrial art, and recent scientific inventions, will open at South Kensington, London, on Easter Monday, the 6th April 1874, and will close on Saturday, the 31st October 1874. 56. Division II. of the 1874 Exhibition will consist of the following classes (^see special rules and separate notices) : — Class 8. Lace (hand and machine made). ,, 9. Civil engineering, architectural and building contrivances. a. Civil engineering, architectural and building contrivances. b. Sanitary apparatus and constructions. c. Cement and plaster work, &c. „ 10. Heating by all methods and kinds of fuel. ,, 11. Leather, including saddlery and harness. a. Leather, and manufactures of leather. b. Saddlery, harness, &c. „ 12. Bookbinding. „ 13. Foreign wines, in the vaults of the Royal Albert Hall. 57. The latest days appointed for receiving each class of objects are as follows : — Specimens of ancient lace. Class 10. Heating by all methods. Paintings in oil and water colours. Sculpture. Fine art furniture — decorative works — stained glass — reproductions. Fiue art furniture — decorative works — architec- tural designs. Engravings — photographs — tapestries. Designs for decorative manufactures. Machinery of all classes. Class 9. Civil engineering, architectural and buildin-i contrivances. Special Regu- lations of 1874. Day of open- ing, April 6th. Classes of Division II. Tuesday, lOth February Monday, 17th Monday, 23rd Tuesday, 24th Wednesday, 25th „ Thursday, 26th „ Friday, 27th Days for de- livery of goods. Saturday, 28th Monday, 2nd March Tuesday, 3rd „ Wednesday, 4th „ Thursday. 5th „ 35841. 50 APPENDIX Vr. Special Regu lations of 1874. Friday, 6th March Saturday, 7th „ Wednesday, 11th „ Tuesday 17th „ Class 11. Leather, saddlery and harness. „ 12. Bookbinding. „ 14. Recent scientific inventions and new discoveries. „ 8. Machine-made and modern lace. foreign wines (Class 13) must be delivered punctually on the days which vjill be announced hereafter. New methods 58. Exhibitors in Class 9 who may wish to show new methods of construction of construction j^ actual operation, during the Exhibition, will (with the Committee's approval) may be shown ^ » . . irr / in peration. be allotted space in the West Annexe, wherein to build or to erect their plant, &c., in view of the visitors to the Exhibition. Statement showing the amount of space required for objects sent direct by foreign governments. Delivery of obejcts by foreign governments. Arrangement of objects sent by foreign governments, foundations or special con- structions. Punctuality necessary for foreign goods. Arrangements for unpacking and inspection of foreign goods. Foreign Objects sent through Foreign Governments. 59. In accordance with the general rule (paragraph 8) foreign governments which desire to ensure the exhibition of any of their countries' productions belonging to the classes appointed for the year must make known their intention to send objects before the 1st January 1874, and must furnish Her Majesty's Commissioners, on or before the 1st January 1874, with a statement on the Form No. 8, showing the amount and nature of the space required under the several classes and sections of each division, when Her Majesty's Commissioners will immediately consider the applications from foreign countries with a view to the equitable distribution of the space at their disposal. 60. The objects must be delivered at the Exhibition buildings, free from all charges for carriage, &c., into the care of an agent, who will have them unpacked, and note the state in which the objects are found. The charges for carriage from the vessels arriving at London to the Exhibition buildings are specified in paragraph 64. 61. Her Majesty's Commissioners will carry out the arrangement of all objects by their own officers. To enable them to do this for articles of great size or weight which will require foundations or special constructions, and the placing of which will entail considerable labour, foreign governments must furnish the particulars of the necessary foundations on or before the 1st January 1874; and all such objects must be delivered at the Exhibition not later than the dates specified above. Her Majesty's Commissioners will provide the founda- tions, but the fitting must be done by and at the expense of the exhibitor or his agent. 62. In the case of foreign governments wishing to send all their contributions at one time the dates specified in paragraph 57 may be anticipated, but in no case may they be overstepped. The experience of the Exhibitions of 1871, 1872, and 1873 has shown the imperative necessity of insisting on the punctual delivery of objects. 63. Her Majesty's Commissioners, with the view of reducing the expenses of foreio-n governments taking part in the Annual International Exhibitions, and saving them possible difficulty and inconvenience, have decided to provide, without charge to foreign governments, persons to unpack the goods, in the presence of the agent deputed on behalf of each foreign government to make a APPENDIX VI. 51 note of the stale in whifch the objects arrive, but it must be clearly understood that no responsibility of any kind for loss or damage attaches to Her Majesty's Corami«Bioners. 64. In reference to the .subject of the carriage of foreign goods from the vessels in which they arrive to the Exhibition buildings, Her Majesty's Com- missioners recommend Messrs. Chaplin and Home, for the conveyance of foreign goods from the wharves to the Exhibition. Messrs. Chaplin and Home will undertake to do this work at the rate of seventeen shillings and sixpence per ton, which would include lighterage, landing, clearing, and cartage to the Exhibition buildings, the same rate applying to the return carriage of the goods. 65. All charges for freight, ^c, must be prepaid, so that the goods may be delivered from the vessel to Messrs. Chaplin and Home, without any payment by them. 66. Should foreign governments be desirous of accepting the services of Messrs. Chaplin and Horne, Her Majesty's Commissioners will be obliged by their directing ail goods for the Annual International Exhibitions to be consigned to them, and by their taking steps to ensure that all bills of lading shall be in Messrs. Chaplin and Home's possession before the arrival of the vessel. 67. The officers of Her Majesty's Commissioners will examine all bills, and certify to the correctness of the charges, in accordance with the terms stated above, if Requested to do so by foreign governments. 68. In the event of foreign governments desiring to avail themselves of the services of Messrs. Chaplin and Horne, Her Majesty's Commissioners request that an authority may be forwarded to their Secretary as soon as possible, in the following terms : — Name of country To Messrs/- Chaplin & Horne, Swan with Two Necks, Special Regu- lations of 1874. Cari'iage of foreign goods. Freight. Bills of lading. Bills exa- mined by offi- cers of Her Majesty's Commis- sioners. Authority from foreign governments to employ Chaplin and Horne. Gresham Street, London. I hereby authorise you to receive all goods sent to the London International Exhibition of 1874, and to convey them from the vessels to the Exhibition buildings, and again, at the expiration of the Exhibition, from the Exhibition buildings to the vessels, at the rate of seventeen shillings and sixpence per ton each way. Signature 69. It will thus be seen that the only expense that foreign governments need incur, beyond the actual cost of carriage, will be the payment of an a<>-ent to inspect the unpacking, and to note the condition of the objects. Form No. 5. Civil Engineering, Architectuba,l and Building Contrivances. Division II., Class 9. Hides for the Preparation of Diagrams of Ancient and Modern Buildings of all Countries. \. The diagram should be of a bold scenic character. 2. They should be executed on canvas, and may be in oil colour or distemper, y. They may be executed in colours or in monochrone. D 2 Cost to foreign governments. 52 APPENDIX VI. Special Regii- latious of 1874, 4. They should be perspective views. 5. Each diagram should be at least 5 feet by 10 feet, but single diagrams ought not to occupy more than 10 feet in height and 20 feet in length. 6. Each diagram should be attached to a roller, and sent rolled. 7. The scale should be clearly marked upon each diagram. 8. Her Majesty's Commissioners would be glad to have the right of purchasing the diagrams, if for sale, at the prices attached to them. Form No. 6. Exhibition of Foreign Wines in 1874. Division II., Class 13. 1. Her Majesty's Commissioners have requested the following noblemen and gentlemen to act as a committee for making an exhibition of the pure wines of all countries in 1874, when the public will be enabled to taste and carry away samples : Mr. C. H. Kayser. Mr. C. Lombard de Luc. Mr. H. Matthiessen. Mr. G. Moffatt. Mr. Joseph Prestwich. Mr. E. Apps Smith. Mr. Morgan Yeatman. Earl of Dunmore. Viscount Powerscourt. Lord Skelmersdaie. Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. Colonel Charles Baring. Mr. E. L. Beckwith. Mr. Gordon Clark. Mr. F. W. Cosens. The Exhibition will take place in the brick vaults of the Royal Albert Hall, which are, in all respects, perfectly suited for the purpose, and well lighted. The Corporation of the Royal Albeit Hall will grant the free use of the vaults for the Wine Exhibition, but the exhibitors will have to fit up, at their own cost, the spaces allotted to them. Growers, shippers, and importers only are eligible to be exhibitors, the place of growth must be given in all cases, and the name of the grower, if possible. Attendants of exhibitors will be allowed, under regulations. The Exhibition will open on Easter Monday, the 6th April 1874. Growers, shippers, and importers, who desire to have space allotted to them, must fill up the accompanying form. The wines must be delivered punctually on the days which will be announced hereafter. London International Exhibition of 1874. Foreign Wines. ^ Here insert I or we,^ name and address. of whether grower, 2 iihjji.rter. of^ ■^Insert name of wine. wine. *State where , j • j. ,„.„,„„ produced m* y, APPENDIX VI. 53 hereby make application for space to exhibit^ in 1874, and i-equest to have^ Special Rcgu- latious of 1874. ^Here state number, size, marks, and quantity, whether in casks, cases, superficial feet of or bottles, and floor space allotted to me, which J am willing to fit up and occupy according to S/aI«*^' ^^^' the rules which may be laid down. ^Space in feet. rSignature and Address < of intending^ [^Exhibitor Note. — Thisanplication should be delivered to the Secretary for the International Exhibitions of 1874, No. 5, Upper Kensington Gore, at latest, on the 1.5th day of November 1873, and as much earlier as convenient. Form No. 10. Form of Preliminary Application. Persons desirous of taking part in the International Exhibition of 1874 are requested to fill up this form, and to forward it as soon as possible, but not later than the 1st of January 1874, to Major-General Scott, C.B., Secretaiy, offices of Her Majesty's Commissioners, Upper Kensington Gore, London, S.W. : ■ I propose to submit objects named below for approval by the Committee of Selection, and, in the event of their being accepted, I agree to conform to such rules and regulations as Her Majesty's Commissioners may from time to time lay down. *Division No. the object belongs. Signature of the Applicant^ Postal Address in full Class No. and Section, if any, to which Her Majesty's Commissioners will be glad of the fullest information applicants may be in a position to give at once respecting the objects they desire to submit for exhibition in 1874, stating the division, class, and section to which such objects belong, according to the list on the other side. * See list on the other side. Note. — Persons wishing to exhibit machinery are requested to supply the information specified on the Form No. 10», which can be had on apphcation to the Secretary. 54 APPENDIX VI. ecial EegU- XhE ThREE DIVISIONS OF THIS EXHIBITION WILL BE SUBDIVIDED INTO Ifttionsof 1874. THE FOLLOWING CLASSES : Division I. — Fine Arts. Fine arts applied or not applied to woi'ks of utility. Class 1. Painting of all kinds, in oil, water colours, distemper, wax, enamel, and on glass, porcelain, &c. Mosaics ; drawings of all kinds. „ 2. Sculpture, modelling, carving and chasing in marble, stone, wood, terra-cotta, metal, ivory, glass, precious stones, and any other materials. „ 3. Engraving, lithography, photography as a fine art, executed in the preceding twelve months. „ 4. Architectural designs and drawings, photographs of completed buildings, studies or restorations of existing buildings, and models. „ 5. Tapestries, carpets, embroideries, shawls, lace, &c., shown not as manufactures, but for the fine art of their design in form or colour. „ 6. Designs for all kinds of decorative manufactures. „ 7. Reproductions, i.e., exact full size copies of ancient or mediaeval pictures painted before a.d. 1556. Reproductions of mosaics and enamels ; copies in plaster and fictile ivory. Electrotypes of ancient works of art, &c. Division II. — Manufactures. Machinery, substances, and processes. Class 8. Lace (hand and machine made). „ 9. Civil engineering, architectural and building contrivances. a. Civil engineering, architectural and building contrivances. b. Sanitary apparatus, and constructions. c. Cement and plaster work, &c. „ 10. Heating by all methods and kinds of fuel. „ 11. Leather, including saddlery and harness. a. Leather, and manufactures of leather. b. Saddlery, harness, &c. „ 12. Bookbinding. „ 13. Foreign wines, in the vaults of the Royal Albert Hall. Machinery and raw materials for the group. Division HI., Class 14. — Recent Scientific Inventions and New Discoveries of all Kinds. Form No. 10'. The following information should be supplied, with the form of preliminary application (No. 10), by proposing exhibitors of machinery. a. A plan of each machine, showing the position of driven pulleys, the minimum space required for attendants, and indicating the parts of the machine which should be placed most prominently for inspection by the public. An elevation would also be of use, if it could be supplied without inconvenience. b. A plan and section of the foundations required. c. The weight of the machine. APPENDIX VI. 55 d. The amount of motive-power in actual horse-power required from main Special Regu- shafting. lationsof^isy l €. Should water, steam, or gas be required, all necessary information as to the quantities of the requisite supplies, which must be paid for by the exhibitor. Space Required. Glass-case space : — Length, Width, _ Floor „ „ „ Counter „ „ „ Wall „ Height, Width, Height, Projection, Requirement for Processes and Machinery in Motion. Actual horse-power required Gallons of water per hour Cubic feet of gas per hour Diameter of steam supply pipe Pressure of steam per square inch cwt. qrs. lbs. Weight of each machine Signature and Address_ of intending _ Exhibitor Form No. 11. London International Exhibition or 1874. Permanent Committee for the The Marquis of Westminster, K.G. The Earl Fitzwilliam, K.G. The Earl of Dunmore. Lord Ronald Leveson-Gower, M.P. Viscount Powerscourt. Sir Richard Wallace, Bart., M.P. Sir James Watts. S. Addington, Esq. W. Agnew, Esq. Captain W. Baldwin. E. L. S. Benzon, Esq. H. W. F. Bolckow, Esq., M.P. A. H. Brown, Esq., M.P. A. .1. Brunton, Esq. E. J. Coleman, Esq. Alexander Collie, Esq. O. E. Coope, Esq. Representation of British Pictures. F. W. Cosens, Esq. B. Dobree, Esq. H. W. Eaton, Esq., M.P. W. Fenton, Esq. Joshua Fielden, Esq., M.P. J. S Forbes, Esq. John Fowler, Esq., C.E. W. Graham, Esq., M.P. J. C. Harter, Esq. J. Snowdon Henry, Esq., M.P. John Hick, Esq., M.P. Thomas Johnson, Esq. John Kelk, Esq. W. Leaf, Esq. C. Lucas, Esq. T. Lucas, Esq. J. N. Mappin, Esq. 66 APPENDIX VI. Special Regu- Hugh Mason, Esq. latioD8ofl874. Q p Matthews, Esq. J. S. Morgan, Esq. A. Morrison, Esq. George Paine, Esq. John Pender, Esq., M.P. W. Quilter, Esq. B. Rawlinson, Esq. Samuel Redgrave, Esq. James Reiss, Esq. William Smith, Esq., F.S.A. Charles Waring, Esq. H. Waring, Esq. W. Waring, Esq. J. Kemp Welch, Esq. Works of Deceased Artists. Collections of the works of deceased eminent British artists will be made every year by Her Majesty's Commissioners, to illustrate their career. Thus, in 1873, the works of John Phillip, R.A., and Thomas Creswick, R.A., were collected. It is proposed to follow a similar course in future years with the works of other eminent deceased artists. Her Majesty's Commissioners have accordingly decided to invite the owners of pictures painted by the following artists to intimate their willingness to lend such works for the International Exhibition of 1874, and they request to be favoured with any information re- specting them : — Painters in Oil. Died. Died. - 1837 David Roberts, R.A. - 1864 - 1863 David Wilkie, R.A. - 1841 'ers in Water Colours. Died. Died. - 1833 A. Pugin - 1832 - 1842 J. M. W. Turner, R.A. - 1854 (Architecture only) - 1851 - 1852 C. Wild - 1835 John Constable, R.A. Augustus Egg, R.A. J. Coney J. S. Cotman F. Mackenzie • S. Prout In the case of any distinguished artist recently deceased, a selection of his works may be exhibited as a group. Sketches made by artists in furtherance of their works, also the works of amateurs illustrating their travels, are eligible for admission. Collectors who may desire to exhibit their collections of fine arts together may have space allotted upon making application before January 1st in each year. Annual International Exhibition Offices, 6, Upper Kensington Gore, S.W. APPENDIX VII. ^7 APPENDIX VII. Ceremonial to be observed at the State Opening of state Cere- THE International Exhibition, on Monday, 1st May, ™°'''^_^ 1871. CONTENTS. Ceremonial. Order of Procession. 148th Psalm. Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibi- tion of 1851. General Purposes Committee. List of Invitations. Members of the Official Staff (Military). „ „ Fine Art Committees. „ Official Staff (Civil). „ „ Industrial Arts Committee. „ „ Miscellaneous. Civil Staff. Foreign Conomissioners. Members of the Society of Arts. List of Invitations — cont. Members of the Council of the Royal Hor- ticultural Society. Official Reporters. High Sheriffs. Mayors and Provosts. Members of Musical Committee. Chairmen of Chambers of Commerce. Masters of City Companies. Exhibition of Musical Art. „ Overture. „ Chorale. „ Gallia. „ Grand March. „ Dramatic Cantata. Ceremonial for opening the International Exhibition of 1871, on Monday, the 1st of May, at Twelve o'clock, on behalf of The Queen, by His Koyal Highness The Prince of Wales, accom- panied by Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena op Great Britain and Ireland, Princess Christian of Schleswio- holstein. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, the Count and Countess of Flanders, and His Highness Prince John of Gliicksburg, and attended by the Great Officers, and by Her Majesty's Household in Waiting, will leave Buckingham Palace at half-past eleven o'clock. The Carriage Procession will be formed in the following Order :— First Carriage. Major G. H. Grey, Equerry to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. Lieutenant- Colonel C. Teesdale, C.B., V.C. Lieutenant-Colonel Burnell In attendance on His Highness Prince John of Gliicksburg. Equerry to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. The Gentleman in attendance on His Highness the Count of Flanders. 68 APPENDIX VII. State Cere- mouialin 1871. Colonel Stephenson, C.B. Colonel D. Baillie Lieutenant-Colonel G. G. Gordon Mr. F. KnoUys Second Carriage. - The Field Officer in Brigade Waiting. - The Silver Stick in Waiting. - In attendance on their Royal High- nesses the Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. - The Private Secretary to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. Third Carriage. The Honourable Alexander T.Fitzmaur ice The Groom in Waiting to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. Colonel H. L. Gardiner - - - The Groom in Waiting. The Lord Alfred Paget - - - The Clerk Marshal. The Marquis of Hamilton - - The Lord in Waiting to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. Fourth Carriage. The Earl of Morley - - - The Lord in Waiting. General Lord Strathnairn, G.C.B. - The Gold Stick in Waiting. The Lady in attendance on Her Royal Highness the Countess of Flanders. The Lady Susan LesHe Melville - The Lady in attendance on Her Royal Highness Princess Christian of Schleswig- Holstein. Fifth Carriage. The Viscount Sydney, G.C.B. - - The Lord Chamberlain. The Earl of Bessborough - - The Lord Steward. The Duchess of Sutherland (Countess of Cromartie) - - - - The Mistress of the Robes. Sixth Carriage. The Marquis of Ailesbury, K.G. - The Master of the Horse. His Highness the Prince John of Gliicksburg. His Royal Highness the Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, K.G. Seventh Carriage. Her Royal Highness the Countess of Flanders. His Royal Highness the Count of Flanders. Her Royal Highness the Princess Helena of Great Britain and Ireland, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, K.G. A captain's escort of the Household Cavalry will accompany the procession. A guard of honour will mount at the Queen's entrance to the Royal Albert Hall, where His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and the Royal Personages accompanying him, will be received by Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1B51, and conducted in procession through the corridors to the APPENDIX VII. 59 conservatory in the Horticultural Gardens, where a dais will have been prepared for their reception, and where the Secretary of State for the Home Department will await their Royal Highnesses. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, and the other members of the Royal Family who have accepted invitations to be present, will also be received at the Queen's entrance of the Albert Hall, and conducted to the conservatory. The 148th Psalm will be sung, after which the following presentations will be made to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and Her Royal Highness the Princess Helena of Great Britain, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. By His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G. — The Inspector- General of Fortifications, the Deputy Adjutant- General of the Royal Engineers, and the officers of the Royal Engineers, &c., assisting in the Exhibition. By His Royal Highness the Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, K.G. — The officers of the Exhibition Staff, and Members of Committees engaged in the Fine Arts Division. By His Serene Highness the Prince of Teck, G.C.B. — The officers of the Exhibition Staff, and Members of Committees engaged in the Industrial Division. By the Earl Granville, K.G., Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs — The Foreign Commissioners of the Exhibition accredited through the Foreign Office. By Lord Henry Gordon Lennox, M.P., Chairman of the Council of the Society of Arts — The Council of the Society of Arts. By the Bishop of Winchester — The Council of the Royal Horticultural Society. By Lord Houghton — The Official Reporters for the Exhibition. By the Right Hon. H. A. Bruce, Secretary of State for the Home Department — The High Sheriffs of Counties of the United Kingdom who have accepted the invitation of the Commissioners. The Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, and Recorder of the City of London, and the Municipal Authorities of the United Kingdom who have accepted the invitation of Her Majesty's Commissioners. By the Right Honourable Sir John Pakington, Bart., G.C.B. — The Musical Committee for the Exhibition. By the Right Honourable Chichester Fortescue, President of the Board of Trade— The Chairmen of the Chambers of Commerce who have accepted the invitation of the Commissioners. By the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor of London — The City Companies. The Secretary of Her Majesty's Commissioners will hand their Report to the Secretary of State for the Home Department, by whom it will be presented to State Cere^ monial in 1871 60 APPENDIX VII. State Cere- His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, who will receive it on the part of Her monial in 1871. Majesty. ' His Royal Highness will then, in the Queen's name, proclaim the opening of the Exhibition, first in the conservatory, and then from the balcony looking into the Horticultural Gardens. The opening will afterwards be announced to the public by a flourish of trumpets and a salute from a battery of the Royal Artillery stationed in the Park. The procession will then be again formed, and His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, with the other Royal Personages, will be conducted through the Fine Arts galleries to the conservatory in the Horticultural Gardens, and to the Queen's entrance to the Royal Albert Hall, from whence the carriage procession will return to Buckingham Palace, in the same order as on arrival. The Exhibition of Musical Art will take place later in the afternoon in the Royal Albert Hall. The route of the procession will be by Constitution Hill and Hyde Park as far as the Alexander Gate, and will be kept by the Household Troops. The Yeomen of the Guard will be on duty in the conservatory. Levee dress will be worn. Ladies in morning dress. Collar day. THE ORDER OF PROCESSION. Heralds and State Trumpeters. Contractor for the Building. The Fine Arts Staff and Committee for the Exhibition. The Industrial Staff and Committees of the Exhibition. The Military Staff of the Exhibition. The Foreign Acting Commissioners. The Council of the Royal Horticultural Society. The Council of the Society of Arts. Official Reporters. The Chairmen of the Chambers of Commerce. The Mayors of the United Kingdom. The City Companies. The Lord Mayor of London, &c. The High Sheriffs. The General Purposes Committee for the Exhibition. Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. The Royal Personages, Maharajah, &c. The Court. APPENDIX VII. 61 r Sung by Chokus, with accompaniments of Trumpets, Shawms, and the Audienck, in the Conservatory. VERSION OF I48th PSALM. AUSTRIA. State Cere- monial in 1871. r pp^tf-Ff XT -^- Praise the Lord I ye heav'ns a - dore Him I Praise Him an-gels in the height. J J- -J^ I I . "I A ..r^ J. J. J. A A I / Sun and moon re - joice be - fore Him ; Praise Him all ye stars and light. -CJIIl^ Crfl -^ -R r^ ^ I I Praise the Lord for He hath spo - ken ; Worlds His migh-ty voice o - bey'd ; s -^^L =^^=^^ — p^ -U rotct r^ (^ 69^ ■-r 1 — 3P » i:i: i E±T3t ■t^ ^ -^ O -&- p :i:f! -^^ i^-> -qOZEI i T a Laws that ne - ver shall be bro - ken For their gui - dance He hath made. I -f- <->! ^ c^ : ^ "^ "^^ "^ ' ■•" "^^ ^g^^ ^^- K cp: 1^3- Q < ^ \ f^ -€>^ Praise the Lord ! for He is glorious ; Never shall His promise fail ; He hath made His saints victorious; Sin and death shall not prevail. Praise the God of our salvation ; Hosts on high His power proclaim ; Heaven and earth, and all creation, Laud and magnify His name. Amen. \ 62 APPENDIX VII. State Cere- aionial in 1871. HER MAJESTY'S COMMISSIONERS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF 1851. H.R.II. the Prince of Wales, K.G., President. H.R.H the Prince Christian, K.G. H.S.H. the Prince Teck. The Earl De Grey and Ripon, K.G. The Duke of Buccleuch, K.G. The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. The Earl of Derby. The Earl Granville, K.G. The Earl Russell, K.G. The Lord Portman. The Lord Overstone. The Right Hon. William Ewart Gladstone, M.P. The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P. The Right Hon. Robert Lowe, M.P. The Right Hon. Sir Stafford H. Northcote, Bart., C.B., M.P. The Right Hon. Henry A. Bruce, M.P. The Right Hon. Chichester S. Fortescue, M.P., or President of the Board of Trade for the time being. The Right Hon. William E. Forster, M.P., or Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education for the time being. TheRightHon. Sir AlexanderY.Spearman, Bart. The Right Hon. Acton S. Ayrton, M.P., or First Commissioner of Her Majesty's Works for the time being. Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. Sir Roderick I. Murchison, Bart, K.C.B. Sir Thomas Bazley, Bart., M.P. Major-General Sir T. M. Biddulph, K.C.B. Sir Francis Grant, P.R.A. Sir Francis R. Sandford. Sir William Tite, M.P. Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. Alexander J. B. Beresford-Hope, Esq., M.P. Edgar A. Bo wring, Esq., C.B., M.P. Thomas Fairbairn, Esq. Thomas Field Gibson, Esq. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P. Colonel Henry F. Ponsonhy. Joseph Prestwich, Esq., F.R.S. Henry Thring, Esq. Charles B. Viguoles, Esq., F.R.S. Lieut.-Colonel Henry Y. D. Scott, R.E., Secretary. L. C. Sayles, Clerk. GENERAL PURPOSES COMMITTEE, &c. The Marquis of Lansdowne. The Lord Northbrook. Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. John Fowler, Esq., C.E. Warren de la Rue, Esq., F.R.S. LIST OF INVITATIONS. The following Members of the Official Staff (Military) have been invited, and those accepting the invitation will be presented bj H.R.H. The Duke OF Cambridge : — Sir Fredk. Chapman, K.C.B., R.E. Lieut. Curling, R.E., A.D.C. Col. Browne, C.B., RE. Capt. Martin, R.E. Capt. Donnelly, R.E. Capt. Festing, R.E. Lieut. Davies, R E. Lieut. Grover, R.E. Lieut. Clayton, R.E. Lieut. Harris, R.E. Lieut. English, R.E. Lieut. Cole, R.E. Lieut. Curling, R.E. Lieut. Seton, R.E. Lieut.-Col. Stuart Wortiey. Capt. Maunsell. The following Members of the Fine Art Committees and Official Staff (Civil) have been invited, and those accepting the invitation will be presented by H.R.H. The Prince Christian, K.G. : — Sir William Boxall, R.A. Richard Redgrave, Esq., R.A. J. R. Adamson, Esq. J. C. Bowring, Esq. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. APPENDIX VII. 63 Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Alfred Elmore, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). Alfred Clint, Esq (representing the Society of British Artists). Alfred Hunt, Esq. (representing the Society of Painters in AVater Colours). Henry Warren, Esq. (representing the Insti- tute of Painters m Water Colours). F. Dillon, Esq. H. S. Marks, Esq., A.R.A. r. W. Moody, Esq. Edward M. Barry, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). Joseph Clarke, Esq. (representing the Royal Architectural Museum). James Fergusson, Esq. Prolessor Hayter Lewis. T. Roger Smith, Esq. (representing the Archi- tectural Association). Altred Waterhouse, Esq. Richard Westmacott, Esq., R.A. Alexander J. B. Bcresford Hope, Esq., M.P. R. J. Oilman, Esq. H. M. Matheson, Esq. A. B. Mitford, Esq. W. Walkinshaw, Esq. H. Reeve, Esq. Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B. A. G. Dallas, Esq. W. Walkinshaw, Esq. R. Fisher, Esq. J. H. Robinson, Esq., R.A. G. Smith, Esq. W. Smith, Esq. Dr. Diamond. John Bell, Esq. William C Marshall, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). Richard Westmacott, Esq., R.A. Professor Archer. H. A. Bowler, Esq. Samuel Redgrave, Esq. Gilbert Redgrave, Esq. A. J. R. Trendell, Esq. E. P. Bartlett, Esq. G. C. T. Bartley, Esq J. Cundall, Esq. W. Smith, Esq. T. Clack, Esq. T. Chesman, Esq. F. R. Fowke, Esq. A. C. King, Esq. J. F. Iselin, Esq. H. Sandham, Esq. R. F. Sketchley, Esq. R. Thompson, Esq. T. A. Wright, Esq. State Cere- monial in 1871. The following Members of the Industrial Arts and Miscellaneous Com- mittees and Civil Staff have been invited, and those accepting the invitation will be presented by H.S.H. The Prince of Teck, G.C.B. : — The Earl of Lichfield. Lord Sackville Cecil. Sir Jules Benedict. Sir Charles Bright. Sir William Fairbairn, Bart. Sir Duncran Gibb, Bart. Sir Richard Atwocd Glas. Sir Daniel Gooch, Bart., M.P. Sir William Thompson. Sir Charles Wheatstone. Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart. S. Addington, Esq. Rev. Dr. Adler. John Anderson, Esq. I'rofcssor D. T. Ansted. Dr. T. Armitage. W. F. Barrett, Esq. A. H. Bather, Esq. H. Bauerman, Esq. Jacob Behrens, Esq., M.P Rev. G. C. Bell. Charles F. Beyer, Esq. Rev. R. H. Blair. George K. Boughton, Esq. Alfi-ed Bourne, Esq. H. A. Bowler, Esq. Frederick J. Bramwell, Esq. Rev. J. S. Brewer. J. Brinton, Esq. Rev. W. H. Brookfield. Charles Brooke, Esq. Dr. Buchheim. Sv-A John P. Bull, Esq. Hon. and Rev. F. Byng. Dr Archibald Campbell. C. M. Campbell, Esq. F. S. Gary, Esq. W. H. Clabburn, Esq. Hyde Clarke, Esq. Latimer Clark, Esq. J. G. Grace, Esq. Rt. Hon. W. Cowper Temple, M.P. Dr. G. H. Davis. Rev. J. H. Edgar. Rev. J. Evans. Lieut.-Col. Ewart, R.E. Cyrus Field, Esq. J. G. Fitch, Esq. Professor W. H. Flower. David Forbes, Esq. C. Drury Fortnum, Esq. Dr. Fraukland. C. W. Franks, Esq. Professor Fuller. Otto Goldschmidt, Esq. Professor Goodeve. Peter Graham, Esq. William Harris, Esq. Wm. Hawes, Esq, Thomas Hawksley, Esq. John Hick, Esq., M.P. Dr. Hogg. M. D. HoUins, Esq. John Holms, Esq., M.P. 64 APPENDIX VII. State Cere- mouial in 1871 G. Howard, Esq. Professor William Hughe*. John Hullah, Esq. J. F. Iselin, Esq. Professor Jenkin. Rev. J. B. Johns. Edmund C. Johnson, Esq. Owen Jones, Esq. H. L. Lapworth, Esq. W. G. Larkins, Esq. G. A. Macfarren, Esq. Charles Magniac, Esq., M.P. S. S. Marling, Esq., M.P. W. Matchwick, Esq. Walter May, Esq. William Menelaus, Esq. C. W. Merrifteld, Esq. Rev. Muirhead Mitchell, St. George Mivart, Esq. Thomas Moore, Esq. S. Morley, Esq., M.P. Alfred Morrison, Esq. John Pender, Esq. John Penn, Esq. F. Pitman, Esq. John Piatt, Esq., !M.P. Dr. Price. Professor Ramsay. John Ramsbcttom, Esq. E. G. Eavenstein, Esq. Julius Reuter, Esq. H. A. Ridgway, Esq. Rev. Arthur Rigg. H. W. Ripley, Esq. W. Roberts, Esq. John Robinson, Esq. W. H. Salter, Esq. R. L. Schmitz. D. Schlesinger. Dr. P. L. Sclater. Frank Ives Scudamore, Esq. Rev. T. W. Sharpe. C. VVilliam Siemens, Esq. W. W. Smyth, Esq. E. Carleton Tufneli, Esq. Rev. J. Twisden. Professor Tyndall. Cromwell F. Varley, Esq. Henry Vaughan, Esq. H. S. Way, Esq. Professor A. Williamson. Profess- or Willis. Rev. A. Wilson. R. G. Wylde, Esq. James Allport, Esq. W. Cawkwell, Esq. C. H. Eborall, Esq. J. S. Forbes, Esq. J. Grierson, Esq. W. Johnstone, Esq. J. P. Knight, Esq. S. L. Mason, Esq. Percy Morris, Esq. Henry Oakley, Esq. Archibald Scott, Esq. J. Smithells, Esq. T. Swarbrick, Esq. W. Thorlcy, Esq. W. G. Underdowu, Esq. Sir C. W. Dilke, Bart., M.P. William Longman, Esq. John Murray, Esq. Philip C- Owen, Esq. Wentworth L. Cole, Esq. H'J«I'f4' 'dCJ «iOi, The follow^ing Foreign Commissioners have been invited, and those accepting the invitation to attend the Ceremony will be presented by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, The Earl Granville, K.G. : — Argentine Confederation — Senor Constant Santa Maria. Austria — M. Le Chevalier Fran9ois de Wer- theim. Hungary— M. Charles Louis Posner. Baden — Herr Turban. Bavaria — Professor Konrad Knoll, President of the Society of Artists at Munich. Belgium — R. Monseigneur le Comte de Flan- dre, Honorary President. Baron T'Kint de Roodenbeke, Senator, Pre- sident. Columbia — James L. Hart, Esq., F.R.G.S., Consul for the United States of Colombia. Denmark — M. C. G. Hummel, Councillor of State, and Director of the Polytechnic In- stitution at Copenhagen. France — M. Ozenne, Councillor of State, Secretary-General to the Ministry of Agri- culture and Commerce, Commissioner- General for the Annual International Ex- hibitions. M. du Sommerard, Director of the Musee des Thermes and of the Hotel de Cluny, As- sistant Commissioner-General for the Annual International Exhibitions. Hesse — Yierv Schleiermacher, Councillor of the Ministry of Finance, President of the Central Office for Commerce and Industry. Italy — Signor A . Baccani. Norway— M. O. Pihl. Peru — M. Jules Jarrifz. Prussia, and North German States — Rome — H. E. Cardinal Berardi, Minister of Commerce. Russia — M. Boutowski, Privy Councillor, Di- rector of the Department of Commerce and Manufactures. San Salvador — James L.Hart,E8q.,F.R.G.S., Consul for San Salvador. Saxe- Weimar — Count Katckreuth. Spain — Senor A. Borrego. APPENDIX VII. 65 Sweden — H.R.H. Prince Oscar, President; Baron A. H. Fock. Switzerland — Albert Streckeisen, Esq., Con- 8ul-General for the Swiss Confederation. United States—^. M. Beckwith, Esq. State Cere- Wiirtemberg— Dr. Von Steinbeis, President of mouial in 1871i the Board of Trade and Commerce. The following Members of the Societt op Arts have been invited, and those accepting the invitation will be presented by The Lord Henry G. Lennox, M.P. : — F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. G. C. T. Hartley, Esq. (Treasurer). Sir W. H. Bodkin (Assistant Judge, V.P.). J^dwin Chadwick, Esq., C.B. Hyde Clarke, Esq. (Treasurer). Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. (V.P.) Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. (V.P.). Rt. Hon. W. Cowper-Temple, M.P. (V.P.). Earl De Grey and Ripon (V.P.). Lord De LTsle and Dudley (V.P.). The Duke of Devonshire, K.Q. (V.P.). Sir Chas. W. Dilke, Bart., M.P. (V.P.), Captain Donnelly, R.E. Captain Douglas Galton, C.B., F.R.S. Earl Granville, K.G., F.R.S. (V.P.). William Hawes, Esq., F.G.S. (V.P.). Chandos Wren Uoskyns, M.P. (V.P.). Lord Henry G. Lennox, M.P. (V.P. and Chairman of ihe Council). Sir John Lubbock, Bart. (V.P.). Rear Admiral E. Ommanney, C.B., F.R.S. Right Hon. Sir J. S. Pakington, Bart., M.P. (V.P.). Samuel Redgrave, Esq. (V.P.). Rev. W. Rogers (V.P.), Bernhard Samuelson, Esq., M.P. Sir F'rancis Saudford (V.P.). Viscount Sandon, M.P. George A. Spottiswoode, Esq. Seymour Teulon, Esq. (V.P.). E. C. Tufnell, Esq. Thomas Twining, Esq. (V.P.). Henry Vaughan, Esq. James T. Ware, Esq. Lord Hatherley, F.R.S. (V.P.). Major-Gen. F. Eardley Wilmot, R.A., F.R.S. P. Le Neve Foster, Esq., M.A. (Sec). The following Members of the Council of the Rotxl Horticultural Society V have been invited, and those accepting the invitation will be presented by The Right Reverend the Bishop of Winchester : — His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, Montague House. James Bateman, Esq. Major R. Trevor Clarke. John Clutton, Esq. Rev. J. Dix. John Kelk, Esq. Lord Henry C. G. Lennox, M.P. E. J. Lowe, Esq., F.R.S. W. Marshall, Esq. J. Bussel Reeves, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S. W. WilFon Saunders, Esq., F.R.S. Lieut.-Col. H. Y. D. Scott, R.E. H.S.H. the Prince of Teck. G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S. The Bishop of Winchester. James Richards, Esq., Secretary. The following Official Reporters have been invited, and those accepting the invitation will be presented by The Lord Houghton :— Professor Abel. L. Arnaux, Esq. P. Bawden, Esq. C. D. Fortnum, Esq. Professor Goodeve. J. T. GuUick, Esq. J. Hullah, Esq. G. Leach, Esq. R. Soden Smith, Esq. J. Marshall, Esq. Rev. M. Mitchell. Gambler Parry, Esq. J. H. Pollen, Esq. The Rev. Canon Rock. W. B. Scott, Esq. Sir Digby Wyatt, 35841. wmtswmit 66 APPENDIX VII. State Cere- The following High Sheriffs have been invited, and those accepting the mom al in 1871. invitation vi^ill be presented by the Home Secretary, The Right Hon. H. A. Bruce : — Bedfordshire. Berkshire. Bucks. Cambridgeshire and Hunting- donshire. Cheshire. Cumberland. Derbyshire. Devonshire. Dorsetshire. Durham. Essex. Gloucestershire. Herefordshire. Hertfordshire. Kent. Leicestershire. Ivincolnshire. Monmouthshire. Norfolk. Northamptonshire. Northumberland. Nottinghamshire. Oxfordshire. Kutland. Shropshire. Somersetshire. County of Southampton. Staffordshire. Suff^olk. Surrey. Sussex. Warwicksliire. Westmoreland. Wiltshire. Worcestershire. Yorkshire. Middlesex. Anglesea. Breconshire. Cardiganshire. Carmarthenshire. Carnarvonshire. Denbighshire. Flintshire. Glamoi'ganshire. Merionethshire. Montgomeryshire. Pembrokeshire. Radnorshire. Antrim. Armagh. Carlow. Carrickfergus. Cavan. Clare. Cork. Cork City. Donegal. Down. Drogheda County Toirn. Dublin County, Dublin City. Fermanagh. Galway County. Galway Town. Kerry. Kildare. Kilkenny County. Kilkenny City. King's County. Leitrim. Limerick County. Limerick City. Londonderry City and County. Longford. Louth. Mayo. Meath. Monaghan. Queen's County. Roscommon. Sligo. Tipperary. Tyrone. Waterford County. Waterford City. Westmeath. Wexford. Wicklow, Aberdeen. Argyll. Ayr. Banff. Berwick. Bute. Caithness. Clackmannan. Cromarty. Dumbarton. Dumfries. Edinburgh. Elgin or Moray. Fife. Forfar. - Haddington. Inverness. Kincardine. Kincross. Kirkcudbright, Lanark. Linlithgow. Nairn. Orlmey and Shetland. Peebles. Perth. Renfrew, Ross. Roxburgh. Selkirk. Stirling. Sutherland. Wigtown. The following Mayors and Provosts have been invited, and those accepting the invitation will be presented by the Home Secretary, The Right Hon. H. A. Bruce : — The Lord Mayor of York. The Lord Mayor of London. The Lord Provost of Edinburgh. The Lord Mayor of Dublin. The Provost of Aberdeen. The Mayor of Abingdon. The Mayor of Andover. The Mayor of Arundel. The Mayor of Ashtou-under-Lyne, The Mayor of Banbury. The May(»r of Barnstaple. The Mavor of Barrow- in-Furnesg. The Mayor of Basingstoke. The Mayor of Bath. The Mayor of Beccles. The Mayor of Bediord. The Mayor of Belfast. The Mayor of Berwick-upon-Tweed, The Mayor of Beveri iy. The Mayor of Bewdley. The Mayor of Bideford. The Mayor of Birmingham. The Mayor of Blackburn. The Mayor of Bodmin. The Mayor of Bolton, Lancashire. The Mayor of Boston, Lincolnshire. The Mayor of Bradford, Yorkshire. The Mayor of Brecon. APPENDIX VIT. 67 The Mayor of Bridgenorth. The Mayor of Bridgwater. The Mayor of Bridport. The Mayor of Brighton. The Mayor of Bristol. The Mayor of Buckingham. The Mayor of Bury St. Edmunds. The Mayor of Calne. The Mayor of Cambridge. The Vice-Chancellor of the UniTeriity of Cambridge. The Mayor of Canterbury. The Mayor of Cardiff. The Mayor of Carlisle. The Mayor of Carmarthen. The Mayor of Carnarvon, The Mayor of Cheltenham, Tlie Mayor of Chester. The Mayor of Chesterfield. The Mayor of Chichester. The Mayor of Chippenham. The Mayor of Chipping Norton. The Mayor of Chipping Wycombe. The Mayor of Colchester. The Mayor of Congleton. The Mayor of Cork. The Mayor of Coventry. The Mayor of Dartmouth. The Mayor of Daventry. The Mayor of Deal. The Mayor of Denbigh. The Mayor of Derby. The Mayor of Devizes. The Mayor of Devonport. The Mayor of Doncaster. The Mayor of Dorchester. The Mayor of Dover. The Mayor of Droitwich. The Mayor of Dudley. The Provost of Dumfries. The Provost of Dundee. The Provost of Dunbar. The Provost of Dunfermline. The Mayor of Durham. The Provost of Elgin. The Mayor of Evesham. The Mayor of Exeter. The Mayor of Eye. The Mayor of Falmouth (Penrhyn). The Mayor of Faversham. The Mayor of Folkestone. The Provost of Forfar. The Mayor of Gateshead. The Provost of Glasgow. The Mayor of Glastonbury, ■Jhe Mayor of Gloucester. The Mayor of Godalming. The Mayor of Grantham. The Mayor of Gravesend. The Mayor of Great Grimsby. The Provost of Greenock. The Mayor of Guildford. The Chief Magistrate of Guernsey. The Provost of Haddiagton. The Mayor of Halifax. The Mayor of Hartlepool. The Mayor of Harwich. The Mayor of Hastings. The Mayor of Helston. The Mayor of Hereford. The Mayor of Hertford. The Mayor of Honiton. The Mayor of Huddersfield. The Mayor of Hull. The Mayor of Huntingdon. The Mayor of Hythe, The Mayor of Ipswich. The Mayor of Newport (Isle of Wight). The Provost of Jedburgh. The Bailiff of Jersey. The Chairman of the Board, Keighley. The Mayor of Kendal. The Mayor of Kidderminster. The Provost of Kilmarnock. The Mayor of King's Lynn. The Mayor of Kingston. The Provost of Kircaldy. The Provost of Lanark. The Mayor of Lancaster. The Mayor of Launceston, The Mayor of Leeds. The Mayor of Leicester. The Mayor of Leominster. The High Bailiff of Lewes. The Mayor of Lichfield. The Mayor of Limerick. The Mayor of Lincoln. The Mayor of Liskeard. The Mayor of Liverpool. The Ma3'or of Louth (Lincolnshire). The Mayor of Ludlow. The Mayor of Lyme Regis. The Mayor of Lymington. The Mayor of Macclesfield. The Mayor of Maidenhead. The Mayor of Maidstone. The Mayor of Maldon. The Mayor of Malmesbury. The Mayor of Manchester. The IMayor of Margate. The Mayor of Marlborough. The High Constable of Merthyr Tydvil, The Mayor of Middlesborough. The Provost of Montrose. The Mayor of Newark. The Mayor of Newbury. The Mayor of Newcastle (Staffordshire). The Mayor of Newcastle-on-Tyne. The Mayor of Newport (Monmouth). The Ma} or of Northampton. The Mayor of Norwich. The Mayor of Nottingham. The Mayor of Oldham. Tlie Mayor of Oswestry. The Mayor of Oxford. The Provost of Paisley. The Mayor of Pembroke. The Mayor of Penzance. The Mayor of Peterborough. The Provost of Perth. The Mayor of Plymouth. The Miivor of Pontefract. The flavor of Poole. The Major of Portsmouth. The Mayor of Preston. The Mayor of Reading. The Mayor of Reigate. The Mayor of Retford, East. The Mayor of Richmond (Yorkshire). The Mayor of Ripon. £ 2 State Cere- monial in 1871. 68 APPENDIX VII. State Cere- The momalinl871. The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The Mayor of Rochester. Mayor of Rorasey, Hants. Mayor of Rye. Mayor of Saffron Walden. Mayor of Sal ford. Mayor of Salisbury. Mayor of Sandwich. Mayor of Scarborough. Provost of Selkirk. Mayor of Sheffield. Mayor of Shrewsbury. Mayor of Southampton. Mayor of South Molton. Mayor of South Shields. Mayor of Stafford. Mayor of Stamford. Mayor of St. Alban's. Mayor of St. iN-es. Provost of Stirling. Mayor of Stockport. Mayor of Stockton. Mayor of Stratford-on-Avon. Returning Officer of Stroud. Mayor of Sudbury. Mayor of Sunderland. Mayor of Swansea. Mayor of Tamworth. The Mayor of Taunton. The Mayor of Tewkesbury, The Mayor of Thetford. The Mayor of Tiverton. The Mayor of Torrington. The Mayor of Totnes. The Mayor of Truro. The Mayor of Tyneraouth. The Mayor of Wakefield. The Mayor of Walsall. The Mayor of Wallingford. The Mayor of Wareham. The Mayor of Warrington. The Maj^or of Warwick. The Mayor of Waterford. The Mayor of Wells. The Mayor of Wexford. The Mayor of Weymouth. The Mayor of Wigan. The Mayor of Winchester. The Mayor of Windsor. The Mayor of Wisbeach. The Mayor of Wolverhampton, The Mayor of Woodstock. The Mayor of Worcester. The Maj'or of Yarmouth. The High Bailiff of Westminster. The following members of Musical Committee have been invited, and those accepting the invitation will be presented by The Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, Bart,, G.CB,, M,P. :— The Earl of Wilton. Lord Gerald Fitzgerald. The Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, Bart., G.C.B., M.P. The Hon. Seymour Egerton. Frederic Clay, Esq. A. S. Cole, Esq. Frank Morrison, Esq. M. Gounod. A. Sullivan, Esq. Chevalier Pinsuti, Dr. Miller. The following Chairmen of the Chambers of Commerce have been invited, and those who have accepted the invitation will be presented by the President of the Board of Trade, The Right Hon. Chichester Fortescue, M.P. : — Aberdeen, Batley. Belfast. Birmingham. Bradford, Bristol. Cardiff. Cork. Coventry. Darlington. Derby. Dewsbury. Douglas (Isle of Man). Dover, Dublin. Dundee. Edinburgh. Falmouth, Glasgow. Gloucester, Goole. Greenock. Halifax. Hartlepool (West). Holrafirth. Huddersfield. Hull. Kendal. Leeds. Leith. Lhuerick, Liverpool (American), Liverpool, Llanelly. Macclesfield. Manchester. Middk'sborough. Morley. Newcastl e-on-Tyne, Newport (Mon.). Northampton. North Shields, Norwich. Nottingham. Plymouth. Rochdale. Runcorn and Upper Mersey, Salt Chamber, Northwich. Sheffield. Shoreham. South of Scotland. South Shields. Southampton. Stockton-on-Tees, Wakefield. Waterford. Wick. Wolverhampton, Worcester, APPENDIX VII. 69 The Masters of the following City Companies have been invited, and those State Cere- accepting the invitation will be presented by The Right Hon. the Lord °^°°' ^ '° ' Mayor : — Armourers and Braziers. Apothecaries. Bakers. Barbers. Basket Makers. Bowyers. Brewers. Broderers. Butchers. Blacksmiths. Carmen. Carpenters. Clockmakers. Clothworkers. Coach and Harness Makers. Cooks. Coopers. Cordwainers. Cutlers. Curriers. Distillers. Drapers. Dyers. Fan Makers. Farriers. Fellowship Porters. Feltmakers. Fishmongers. Founders. Fletchers. Framework Knitters. Fruiterers. Girdlers. Glass sellers. Glaziers. Glovers. Goldsmiths. Gold and Silver Wire Draw- ers. Gunmakers. Grocers. Haberdashers. Homers. Ironmongers. Innholders. Leathersellers. Loriners. Masons. Makers of Playing Cards. Mercers. Merchant Taylors. Musicians. Needle Makers. Painter Stainers. Patten Makers. Pewterers. Plasterers. Plumbers. Poulterers. Salters. Saddli-rs. Scriveners. Shipwrights. Skinners. Spectacle Makers. Stationers. Tin Plate Workers. Tallow Chandlers. Tilers and Bricklayers Turners. Upholders. Vintners. Wheelwrights. Wax Chandlers. Woolmen. W eavers. The Exhibition of Musical Art, at Three o'clock, in the Royal Albert Hall. Conductor, Sir Michael Costa. No. 1. — Overture. No. 2. — Chorale, representing Italian music. Composed and conducted by Chevalier Pinsuti. No. 3. — Gallia. Composed and conducted by M. Ch. Gounod. The words from the Bible. No. 4. — Grand March, representing German music. Composed by Dr. F. Hiller. Dramatic Cantata. Composed and conducted by Mr. Arthur Sullivan. Words by Tom Taylor. No. 6. — Overture. No. 7. — God Save the Queen, by the chorus and audience. APPENDIX YIII. Official E/Eception. 27th April 1872. 1. The Royal Albert Hall and the Orchard Entrances of the Exhibition will be opened at 8 p.m. 2. His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, KG., will arrive at 8.80 p.m. by the Royal entrance of the Albert Hall, where be will be met by Her Majesty's Commissioners, who will accompany him to the arena. Official Recep- tion in 1872. 70 APPENDIX VIII. Official Recep- tiou in 1872. 3. Foreign Ambassadors, Her Majesty's Ministers, and other dis- tinguished personages, will assemble in the arena. 4. His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, after passing through the Hall, will visit the foreign and British picture galleries, and will then return through the arena of the HaJl to the Royal entrance, 5. Only those persons whose invitation caads bear the words " Pass to arena " will be admitted to that part of the Hall, until after His Royal Hio-hness the Duke of Edinburgh has proceeded to the picture galleries, 6. All other invitation cards will admit to the gallery and balcony of the Hall, and to the picture galleries of the Exhibition, seat-holders in the Hall proceeding, if they see fit, to their own stalls and boxes. 7. The most convenient entrances for those persons who wish to be present in the Hall will therefore be the east and west gallery entrances, and the east and west balcony entrances, 8. The nearest entrance to the foreign picture gallery is that in Exhi- bition Road ; that in Prince Albert's Road is nearest to the Biitish picture gallery. 9. The band of the Royal Artillery will perform in the Royal Albert Hall, the Grenadier Guards, &c. in the conservatory and picture galleries. Performances will also be given on the great organ in the Royal Albert Hall. 10. Evening dress, and not uniforms, will be worn by Her Majesty's Commissioners on the evening of the 27th inst. 11. All persons must produce their cards of invitation upon entering, as the presentation of the season ticket without an invitation card wiD not ensure admission. His Royal Highness the Prince Arthur, Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lome ; His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, and the Marquis of Lome, have accepted the invitation of His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh and Her Majesty's Commis- sioners, and will be present this evening. The list of those who have received invitations includes Her Majesty's Ministers, The Committees of Selection, The Committees connected with the Arrangement of the Exhibition, The Official Staff, The Foreign Commissioners, The Council of the Society of Arts, The Council of the Royal Horticultural Society, The Lord Mayor and Corporation of London. APPENDIX VIII. 71 Mayors and Provosts. The Lord Mayor of York. The Lord Mayor of London. The Lord Provost of Edinburgh, The Lord Mayor of Dublin. The Provost of Aberdeen. The Mayor of Abingdon. The Mayor of And over. The Mayor of Arundel. The Mayor of Ashtor.-under-Lyue. The Mayor of Banbuiy. The Mayor of Barnstaple. The Mayor of Barrow-in-Furness. The Mayor of Basingstoke. The Mayor of Bath. The Mayor of Beccles. The Mayor of Bedford. The Mayor of Belfast. The Mayor of Berwick-upon-Tweed. The Mayor of Beverley. The Mayor of Bewdley. The Mayor of Bideford. The Mayor of Birmingham, The Mayor of Blackburn. The Mayor of Bodmin, The Mayor of Bolton, Lancashire. The Mayor of Boston, Lincolushire. The Mayor of Bradford, Yorkshire. The Mayor of Brecon. The Mayor of Bridgenorth. 'J'he Mayor of Bridgwater, The Maj'or of Bridport, The Mayor of Brighton. The Mayor of Bristol. The Mayor of Buckingham, The Mayor of Bury St. Edmunds. The Mayor of Calue. The Mayor of Cambridge. The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. The Mayor of Canterbury. The Mayor of Cardiff. The Mayor of Carlisle, The Mayor of (Carmarthen, The Mayor of Carnarvon. The Mayor of Cheltenham. The Mayor of Chester. The Mayor of Chesterfield. The Mayor of Chichester. The Mayor of Chippenham. The Mayor of Chipping Norton, The Mayor of Chipping Wycombe. The Mayor of Colchester. The Mayor of Congleton, The Mayor of Cork. The Mayor of Coventry. The Mayor of Dartmouth, The Mayor of Daventry. The Mayor of Deal. The Mayor of Denbigh, The Mayor of Derby, The Mayor of Devizes. The Mayor of Devonport. The Mayor of Doncaster, The Mayor of Dorchtster. The Mayor of Dover. The Mayor of Droitwich. The Mayor of Dudley. The Provost of Dumfries, The Provost of Dundee, The Provost of Dunbar, The Provost of Dunfermline, The Mayor of Durham. The Provost of Elgin, The Mayor of Evesham. The Mayor of Exeter. The Mayor of Eye. The Mayor of Falmouth (Penrhyn). The Maj^or of Faversham. The Mayor of Folkestone. The Provost of Forfar. The Mayor of Gateshead, The Provost of Glasgow. The Mayor of Glastonbury, The Mayor of Gloucester. The Mayor of Godalming, The Mayor of Grantham. The Mayor of Gravesend, The Mayor of Great Grimsby, Tiie Provost of Greenock. The Mayor of Guildford. The Chief Magistrate of Guernsey. The Provost of Haddington. The Mayor of Halifax. The Mayor of Hartlepool. The Mayor of Harwich. The Mayor of Hastings, The Mayor of Helston, The Mayor of Hereford. The, Mayor of Hertford. The Mayor of Honiton. The Mayor of Huddersfield. The Mayor of Hull. The Mayor of Huntingdon. The Mayor of Hythe. The Mayor of Ipswich. The Mayor of Newport (Isle of Wight). The Provost of Jedburgh, The Bailiff of Jersey, The Chairman of the Board, Keighley. The Maj or of Kendal. The Mayor of Kidderminster. The Provost of Ivilmamock. The Mayor of King's Lynn. The Mayor of Kingston, The Provost of Kircaldy, The Provost of Lanark. The Maj or of Lancaster, The Mayor of Lauucoston. The Mayor of Leeds. The Mayor of Leicester. The Mayor of Leominster, The High Bailiff of Lewes. The Mayor of Lichfield, The Mayor of Limerick. The Mayor of Lincoln. The Mayor of Liskeard. The Mayor of Liverpool. The Mayor of Louth (Lincolnshire), The Mayor of Ludlcy. The Mayor of Lyme Regis, The Mayor of Lymington. The Mayor of Macclesfield, The Mayor of Maidenhead. The Mayor of Maidstone. The Mayor of Maldon. The Mayor of Malmesbury. Official Recep- tion in 1872, 72 APPENDIX VIIL Official Eecep- The Mayor of Manchester, tion in 1872. The Mayor of Margate. The Mayor of Marlborough. The High Constable of Merthyr Tydril- The Mayor of Middlesborough. The Provost of Montrose. The Mayor of Newark. The Mayor of Newbury. The Mayor of Newcastle (Staffordshire), The Mayor of Newcastle -on-Tyne. The Mayor of Newport (Monmouth), The Mayor of Northampton. The Mayor of Norwich. The Mayor of Nottingham. The Mayor of Oldham. The Mayor of Oswestry. The Mayor of Oxford. The Provost of Paisley. The Mayor of Pembroke. The Mayor of Penzance. The Mayor of Peterborough. The Provost of Perth. The Mayor of Plymouth. The Mayor of Pontefract. The Mayor of Poole. The Mayor of Portsmouth. The Mayor of Preston. The Mayor of Reading. The Mayor of Reigate. The Mayor of Retford, East. The Mayor of Richmond (Yorkshire). The Mayor of Ripon. The Mayor of Rochester The Mayor of Homsey, Hants. The Mayor of Rye. The Mayor of Saffron Walden. The Mayor of Salford. The Mayor of Salisbnry. The Mayor of Sandwich. The Mayor of Scarborough. The Provost of Selkirk. The Mayor of Sheffield. The Mayor of Shrewsbury. The Mayor of Southampton. The Mayor of South Molton. The Mayor of South Shields. The Mayor of Stafford. The Mayor of Stamford. The Mayor of St. Albans. The Mayor of St. Ives. The Provost of Stirling. The Mayor of Stockport. The Maj'or of Stockton. The Mayor of Stratford-on-Avon. The Returning Officer of Stroud. The Major of Sudbury. The Mayor of Sunderland. The Mayor of Swansea. The Mayor of Tamworth. The Mayor of Taunton. The Mayor of Tewkesbury. The Mayor of Thetford. The Mayor of Tiverton. The Mayor of Torrington, The Mayor of Totnes. The Mayor of Truro. The Mayor of Tynemouth, The Mayor of Wakefield. The Mayor of Walsall. The Mayor of Wallingford. The Mayor of Wareham. The Mayor of Warrington. The Mayor of Warwick. The Mayor of Waterford. The Mayor of Wells. The Mayor of Wexford. The Mayor of Weymouth. The Mayor of Wigan. The Mayor of Winchester, The Mayor of Windsor. The Mayor of Wisbeach. The Mayor of Wolverhampton. The Mayor of Woodstock. The Mayor of Worcester. The Mayor of Yarmouth. The High Bailiff of Westminster. APPENDIX VIIIa. Notice to Exhibitors of Musical Instruments. Notice to Exhibitors of Musical Instruments. 1. Her Majesty's Commissioners reserve to themselves the right of giving recitals in public on the musical instruments selected for the Exhibition of 1872, if such recitals be deemed expedient in the interest of the public. 2. Such recitals will, when convenient, take place in the Royal Albert Hall, and the names of the manufacturers of instruments will be announced in the programmes and exhibited upon the orchestra. 3. Instruments which may not be used in the recitals given in the Hall may be tried without removal from their Exhibition allotments, subject to the approval of Her Majesty's Commissioners, and at the exhibitors' expense. APPENDIX VIIlA. 73 4. Any additional trials which exhibitors may desire to have carried out will be matters of arrangement, both as to their nature and cost, between Her Majesty's Commissioners and the exhibitors interested. 5. The recitals will include performances upon instruments accompanied and unaccompanied by other instruments. Henry Y. D. Scott, Major-General, November 1871. Secretary. Musical Publications. 1. The rules for the International Exhibition of 1872 provide as follows : — Musical Arrangements. Her Majesty's Commissioners will appoint a committee to select for performance in the Royal Albert Hall new compositions of merit which may have been published before the 1st March 1872. 2. Accordingly, Her Majesty's Commissioners are desirous of receiving from the musical academies and schools of the United Kingdom and of foreign countries the names of musical compositions of all kinds, which are considered by them of sufficient merit to be worthy of performance' in the Royal Albert Hall during the International Exhibition of 1872. 3. The works should be the productions of living composers, published before the 1st March 1872, and may be of a vocal or instrumental character — such as oratorios, cantatas, sonatas, overtures, glees, songs, dance music, &c. 4. It is requested that the information may be supplied on the accom- panying form, and the form returned, on or before the 31st March 1872, to Major-General H. Y. D. Scott, C.B., offices of the International Exhibition, Kensington Gore, London, W. Henry, Y. D. Scott, Major-General, Secretary. Notice to Exhibitors of Musical Instruments. APPENDIX IX. Technical Instruction. Technical Instruction afforded by the London International ' Exhibition. April 1873. No. 118. 1. Her Majesty's Commissioners are most desirous that the practical illustrations and processes of manufactures shown in each year's Exhi- bition should be made conducive to the advancement of Technical Instruction. Technics Instruction, 74 APPENDIX IX. Technical Instruction. 2. Her Majesty's Commissioners venture to think that it comes within the especial functions of the Companies of the City of London, who for centuries have been connected with tlie advancement of Arts and Manufactures, to consider what useful lessons may be afforded by the Exhibitions and they invite their serious attention to the subject. Most if not all of the City Companies, are interested in education in various schools under their direction. 3. It is proposed to hold a meeting of representatives of all the City Comj)anies in the Eoyal Albert Hall ; to invite them to look at the Industrial Collections of the present year, and afterwards to form Com- mittees representing each of the Companies interested. 4. The industries illustrated in the present year are : — Silk in all its stages. Steel in all its varieties and uses. Carriages of all kinds except those for Railways. Food and its preparations. The City Companies interested in the Exhibition of 1873 appear to be as follows : — Silk Steel Broderers (embroiderers). Armourers and braziers. Drapers. Barbers. Dyers. Blacksmiths. Girdlers. Cutlers. Glovers. Founders. Haberdashers. Framework knitters. Mercers. Ironmongers. Weavers. Needle makers. Spectacle makers. Carriages. Food, Carmen. Brewers. Carpenters. Butchers. Cloth workers. Cooks. Coach and coach harness makers. Distillers. Joiners. Fishmongers. Painters. Fruiterers. Turners. Gardeners. Wheelwrights. Grocers. Poulterers. Salters. Vintners. 30th April 1873. APPENDIX IX. 75 National Association for the Promotion of Technical Instruction. November 1873. No. 29. I. Her Majesty's Commissioners desire to enlist the active assistance of all Industrial Corporations, Companies, Schools, and Producers, in a National Association, with the object of promoting Technical Instruction by systematically inducing Artizans and Schools to visit the Inter- national Exhibitions, where they may study the progress made in the Industrial Arts and the Object lessons in Technical Instruction afforded by the Exhibitions. With this view Her Majesty's Commissioners have resolved : — II. To issue packets of 200 Artizans' Tickets, price 6d. each, or 400 School Tickets, price 3lan, if the Committee for the International Exhibition would be inplined to support it, and would indicate such steps as it might be found necessary to take. Tlie Crown Princess therefore commands me to ask you whether the Committee would be inclined to approve of this plan, and whether it would take upon itself the trouble of favouring its execution. Her Imperial Highness believes that it would be advisable to exclude from the collection all duplicates, and leave only such objects as would be useful for an Exhibition of that kind. The question would then be, how many objects there would remain, on whom the expense of packing and xhihition of Fottery in Berlin. 88 APPENDIX XV. Exhibition of transport would fall, for how long a time the objects would be permitted Berim!° ^^ circulate, and when it would be possible to transmit them, Would you kindly send your answer under my address to Coblenz, Rhenish Prussia. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant, J. Brandis, REPORTS OF EXECUTIVE SUPERIISTENDENTS. APPENDIX XVI. Scope of the Exhibition. Modification of rules. Principle of selecting and obtaining works. Fine Arts of all kinds. 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874. In 18G9 the Commissioners announced that the series of Annual International Exliibitions were to embrace selected works of Fiiie and Industrial Art and Scientific Inventions, and accordingly the preparations made for each of the Exhibitions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874, were modified according as the experience of each year dictated. The first seven classes of all four Exhibitions were devoted to Division I., Fine Arts, and remained unchanged. They were: — 1. Paintings of all kinds, 2. Sculpture of all kinds. 3. Engravings, lithographs, photographs. 4. Architectural designs. 5. Embroideries, tapestries, and carpets. 6. Designs for decorative manufactures. 7. Reproductions of ancient works of Art. The rules for forming the Fine Art Collections varied somewhat for each year. In 1871 all works, excepting reproductions, were to have been executed by living artists, or by artists deceased within Jive years. In 1872 it was decided that all works, excepting architectural works and reproductions of ancient works, should have been executed by living artists, or by artists deceased since 1862. In 1873 the same rule held good as in 1872, and in 1874 no definite limit was put on the age of works submitted. In order to ensure an adequate representation of the genius and skill of the artists of our own and foreign countries in each year's exhibition, the general princi})le was adopted of having with each work some guarantee of its fitness for exhibition. In the case of foreign countries the selection was left to the Commissioners appointed by different foreign governments ; and in the case of works of British artists various committees were appointed each year to make a selection of works APPENDIX XVI. 89 qualified for exhibition. After the Exhibition of 1872 the Commissioners Fine Arts In determined to establish relations with well established Art societies in " countries not represented by government commissions, and accordingly I was deputed to visit Denmark, Holland, Germany, Italy, and Switzer- land, with the object of negociating with the various Art societies in those countries. It was determined to offer to return unsold paintings free of carriage, provided that societies and academies undertook the selection of works of Art, and accepted the responsibility of their worthiness. Relations were successfully established with Copenhagen, the Hague, Amsterdam, Munich, Dusseldorf, Baden, Venice, Bologna, Florence, Milan, Turin, and Geneva, and a large number of pictures, statues, and other works of Art were received from these places in 1873 and 1874. The east and west galleries were set apart for the exhibition of works Arrangement of Fine Art, and were utilised in a slightly different manner in each Llleries ^ year. An arrangement with France left two rooms, Nos. XVIII. and XVII, in the East Picture Gallery, at the disposition of her commission ; Belgium has in all four years occupied one of the rooms in the same gallery, and pictures of other foreign countries have been arranged on the east or west side, as the period of their reception rendered it possible. The works of British artists have always had a separate space assigned to them, and separate rooms were, in 1873 and 1874, reserved for the special collections of works of celebrated deceased British artists. The two galleries on the east and west sides of the gardens afforded altogether 2,480 linear feet run of wall space for pictures ; but, as the circumstances of each year demanded, additional hanging space was found in the south galleries, in the Picture Gallery and crush rooms of the Royal Albert Hall, in the lower quadrants, and on screens which were placed in all parts of the building reserved for Fine Art. In each year the organization of British Fine Art received careful British Art. attention. Her Majesty's Commissioners in 1871 appointed the three following committees for considering the mode of appointing committees of selection for works of Fine Art; namely, painting, sculpture, and architecture : — Painting. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Alfred Elmore, Esq. , R. A. (repre- senting the Royal Academy). Alfred Clint, Esq. (represent- ing the Society of Biitish Artists). Alfred Hunt, Esq. (represent- ing the Society of Painters in Water Colours). Henry Warren, Esq. (repre- senting the Institute of Painteis in Water Colours). F. Dillon, Esq. H. S. Marks, Esq., A.R.A, k 90 APPENDIX XVI. Fine Arts in 1871. Rules common to all four years. SCTTLPTURE. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. William C. Marshall, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). John Bell, Esq. Richard Westmacott, Esq., R.A. Architecture. The Viscount Bury, M.P. The Lord Elcho, M.P. Subsequently committees for Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart. Edward M. Barry, Esq., R.A. (representing the Royal Academy). Joseph Clarke, Esq. (represent- ing the Royal Architectural Museum). T. Roger Smith, Esq. (repre- senting the Architectural Association). James Fergusson, Esq. Professor Hayter Lewis. Alfred Waterhouse, Esq. the actual selection of objects were appointed, and it became the practice to also ask their advice from time to time as to the best mode of procuring representative collections of paintings, sculpture, engravings, photographs, architectural designs, and works of miscellaneous Art. Tiie committees for the various classes held numerous meetings before the Exhibition of each year, but one or two sittings were generally found sufficient for making a selection of objects after the works had been submitted for exhibition. It will be observed on referring to the lists of committees in the Appendix, p. 5, &c., that they consisted in each year of both artists and laymen, and that members representing the Royal Academy and other societies of artists accepted service on them from time to time. Rules common to the Fine Arts of all Four Years. The general regulations for exhibiting objects of Fine Art remained unchanged for all four Exhibitions. Modifications were, however, made, which will be noticed in dealing with the separate classes. The decisions common to all the four years were as follows : — I. Examples of Fine Art applied or not applied to works of utility will form part of each Exhibition of the series, and will be arranged in the following classes : — • Class L Painting of all kinds, in oil, water colours, distemper, wax, enamel, and on glass, porcelain, mosaics, &c. „ 2. Sculpture, modelling, carving, and chasing in marble, stone, wood, terra cotta, metal, ivory, glass, precious stones, and any other materials. „ 3. Engraving, lithography, photography, &c. „ 4. Architectural designs, drawings, and models. „ 5. Tapestries, carpets, embroideries, shawls, laco, «&c. shown not as manufactures but for the fine art of their design in form or colour. APPENDIX XVI. 91 Class ^. Designs for all kinds of decorative manufactures. Fine Arts in „ 7. Copies of ancient oi' mediaeval pictures, mosaics, enamels, repro- 1871. ductions in plaster, fictile ivory, electrotypes of ancient vporks of art, &c. II. No artist can be allowed to submit more than two* works of each kind for exhibition, but he may send works of as many different kinds as he pleases ; thus, the same artist may send for admission two* oil paintings, two* water colour paintings, and two* paintings on enamel, porcelain, &c. ; also two* sculptures in marble, two* in wood, &c. III. Paintings and sculptures may be either separate works or form part of the decoration of objects of utility, e.g., vases in pottery, fans, panels for furniture, wood carving for furniture, &c., provided that such objects are entitled to be classed as works of Fine Art. IV. A producer wil be permitted to exhibit reproductions of any number of ancient or mediaeval works of Art. V. Each picture, drawing, or series of drawings relating to one subject, must be in a separate frame, except small miniatures or sculptured gems, any number of which may be placed in a frame not exceeding a foot square.f VI. To every work when exhibited will be attached a label, for which the following particulars should be supplied : — 1. The subject. 2. The artist's name. 3. His address. 4. The price, if for sale, unless the exhibitor objects. 5. The date of execution. 6. Any explanation. The most novel feature in the scheme for representing Fine Art at Miscellaneous these annual exhibitions lay in the special attention directed to Art applied to works of utility. Hitherto the exhibitions of works of Art had been too much limited to the display of pictures and sculpture, dissociated from purposes of utility. A picture applied to a piece of furniture or a sculpture in wood intended for a picture frame, however great its merits, could not find any place in the exhibitions of the Royal Academy of London, or in any of the numerous other exhibitions of the works of artists. Still less would a Kashmir shawl or a Persian carpet, the chief excellence of which depended upon its combination of colours, find a place in any of these exhibitions. Such a complete separation of artistic work from objects of utility may indeed be said to have been, until 1 871, the characteristics of modern times ; but in ancient and mediaeval periods the highest art is to be found in alliance with the meanest materials of manufacture. The Etruscans painted on vases of clay subjects which still charm by * After 1871 the number was increased to three. + After 1871 the size was limited to " Imperial" size. % In 1874 this information was not requested. ]t §2 APPENDIX XVI. Fine Arts in 1871. their beauty of composition and skilful drawing ; and the finest works of Raffaelle were designed as decorations for hangings to be made of wool. The intention of the annual exhibitions was to furnish opportu- nities of stimulating the revival of the application of the artists' talents, to give beauty and refinement to every description of object of utility whether domestic or monumental. Another point, too, in this class of miscellaneous Art was that every artist workman should be able to exhibit a work of merit as his own production, and every manufacturer should distinguish himself as the patron of Art by his alliance with the artistic talent of the country. In 1871 all works of Art were to have been by artists then living or by artists then deceased within five years. Paintings were received on the 27th and 28th of February. According to the catalogue the following countries contributed : — Great Britain . . - France Belgium Germany Austria and Hungary Italy Portugal Norway and Sweden Denmark - Holland - Spain Russia 1,806 456 126 115 48 34 1 27 5 6 2 3 y Paintinijs. British paintings were exhibited in Rooms YI., VIII., and X., in the west galleries, in the south-eastern and south galleries, and the picture gallery of the Royal Albert Hall. Pictures from France were shown in Rooms XIX. and XX. in the east galleries ; Belgian works were in Room XVI. in the same galleries ; Italian works were on the left side of Room XVIII. east galleries, and on the opposite side were arranged works from Germany, Austria, Hungary, Sweden, Denmark, Spain, and Portugal. Two hundred and ninety-four pieces of sculpture were contributed by aU countries and were arranged in the picture galleries and upper quadrants connecting them with the Royal Albert Hall. Mr. S. Redgrave, assisted by Mr. F. R. Sketchley, undertook the hanging of pictures and the placing of statues. In the class of objects of miscellaneous Art, 946 objects are shown by the catalogue to have been contributed by all countries. In this class were decorative pieces of furniture, examples of wood carving and inlaid work, engraving on glass, artistic jewellery, plaques of finely-painted APPENDIX XVI. 93 pottery, miniatures, metal work, enamels, embroideries, lace, tapestries, Fine Arts in • • • • . 1871 lacquer work, ivories and ebonies, and a special collection of fans, sent ' in competition for prizes offered by Her Majesty the Queen and other ladies for the encouragement of female artists. This collection of fans was under the superintendence of Lieut. Curling, RE. In Room XVII., east gallei ies, were exhibited a number of Reproductions of famous Indian, Italian, Spanish, Norwegian, and other works, made for or by the South Kensington Museum, and amongst them were some highly interesting objects, especially the last of the eastern gateway of the great Buddhist Tope at Sanchi, in Central India. This collection also contained electrotype facsimiles of mediteval works in metal. The collection and arrangement of the whole section of miscellaneous Art was intrusted to Mr. Alan S. Cole. Engravings, lithography, and etchings were exhibited in the picture gallery of the Royal Albert Hall, and 247 specimens were entered in the official catalogue ; their arrangement was under the direction of Mr. Clarke. Photography was representad in the gallery of the Royal Albert Hall by 238 examples, which were arranged by Col. Stuart Wortley. Architectural designs were exhibited also in the Albert Hall gallery, and 212 specimens were arranged by Mr. G. Redgrave. In 1871 Official Reports were issued on each class of objects in Reports, both Fine Art and industrial divisions of the Exhibition, and the following gentlemen were reporters in the former : — Painting in Oil ; Sir Coutts Lindsay. Fainting in Water Colours ; Mr. S. Redgrave. {Sculpture ; Professor R T. Westmacott. Miscellaneous Art :. Painting ; Sir D. Wyatt. Sculpture ; Mr. W. B. Scott. Stained glass and mosaics ; Mr. Gambler Parry. Furniture, iron and metal working, tapestries and carpets ; Mr. J. H. Pollen. Design for decorative manufactures ; Mr. R, Redgrave, R.A. Lace ; Mrs. H. Reeve. Embroideries ; Rev. Canon Rock. Reproductions ; Lieut. H. H. Cole, R.E. Engraving on wood ; Mr. J. Gullick. Engraving ; Mr. J. Marshall. Photography ; Colonel Stuart Wortley. Architectural designs ; Mr. T. Roger Smith. In 1872 it was decided to exhibit works of Art that had been executed Fine Arts in • 1 • 1872 by living artists or by artists deceased since 1862 ; that the buildings to which the architectural drawings related should have been designed or 94 APPENDIX XVI. Fine Arts in 1872. Fine Arts in 1873. commenced since 18G2, and that the drawings should not have been exhibited in any metropolitan Exhibition within a space of seven years or at any preceding exhibition. According to the catalogue the following countries contributed : — Paintings. Great Britain - 982 Austria and Hungary 84 Fi-ance - - 2-iO Spain 10 Belgium - - 123 Norway and Sweden 4 Russia . - 113 Holland - 3 Germany - - 80 Denmark 1 Italy - - 46 This year the British pictures were hung wholly in the upper galleries and adjacent staircases on the western side of the Exhibition. Mr. O'Neil, A.R.A., and Mr. S. Redgrave performed the duty of hanging them. No pictures this year, as in 1871, were placed in the Royal Albert Hall. French works were, as in 1871, arranged in Rooms XIX. and XX. on the east side. Belgium and Russia shared Room XVI. on the same side, and Room XVIII. was given up to pictures from Germany, Italy, and other foreign countries. Two hundred and fifty-four pieces of sculpture were exhibited in the lower west and east quadrant (occupied this year for the first time), and in the picture galleries, under miscellaneous Art, 923 objects were cata- logued and exhibited in Rooms VII. and IX. on the west side. A special collection of objects from China and Japan was placed in the court at the extremity of the east lower quadrant, and a number of interesting reproductions of ancient .works of Art were arranged, as in 1871, in Room XVII., east galleries. Sir Digby Wyatt, aided by Mr. A. S. Cole, arranged the miscellaneous Art objects. Engravings, photographs, and architectural designs were all arranged on screens in the lower east and west quadrants. Mr. Herman hung some 157 engravings, lithographs, &c., Colonel Wortley some 249 photographs, and Mr. Roger Smith some 81 archi- tectural designs. No official reports were issued this year, but a short official guide took their place, and, without pronouncing on the merits of individual objects, indicated what the visitors would find interesting, and gave some general information on the subject of modern Fine Art. In 1873 several new features were introduced into the Fine Art division. In consequence of my official visit abroad, it had been arranged to establish relations with a number of countries not repre- sented by government commissions, and to accept woiks of Art certified by academies or well established Art societies, and the result was that Germany, Italy, Denmark, Holland, and Switzerland were much better represented than had previously been the case. APPENDIX XVI. 95 It had also been determined (a) to accept for exhibition sketches made by artists or amateurs, illustrating their travels ; (h), to make a selection of the works of distinguished artists recently deceased ; (c), that buildings to which architectural drawings, &c, related should have been designed or commenced since 1863. It having been determined to represent the works of J. Phillip, R.A., and T. Creswick, E..A., an influential committee of the following noble- men and gentlemen was formed (see Appendix II., p. 14), and their first meeting was held on the 10th of February 1873, at Marlborough House under the presidency of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, when the following were present : — ■ Fine Arts in 1873. Marquis of Westminster, K.G. The Earl Fitzwilliam, K.G. The Earl of Dunmore. Lord Ronald Leveson Gower, Viscount Powerscourt. Sir Richard Wallace, Bart., M.P. Sir James Watts. S. Addington, Esq. W. Agnew, Esq. Captain W. Baldwin. E. L. S. Benzon, Esq. H. W. F. Bolckow, Esq., M.P. A. H. Brown, Esq., M.P. A. J. Brunton, Esq. E. J. Coleman, Esq. Alexander Collie, Esq. O. E. Coope, Esq. F. W. Cosens, Esq, B. Dobree, Esq. H. W. Eaton, Esq., M.P. W. Fenton, Esq. Joshua Fielden, Esq., M.P. J, S. Forbes, Esq. John Fowler, Esq., C.E. W. Graham, Esq., M.P. J. C. Hartei-, Esq. John Hick, Esq., M.P. Thomas Johnson, Esq. John Kelk, Esq. W. Leaf, Esq. C. Lucas, Esq. T. Lucas, Esq. J. N. Mappin, Esq. Hugh Mason, Esq. C. P. Matthews, Esq. J. S. Morgan, Esq. A. Morrison, Esq. George Paine, Esq. John Pender, Esq., M.P. W. Quilter, Esq. R. Rawlinson,Esq.,C.B.,F.G.S. Samuel Redgrave, Esq. James Reiss, Esq. William Smith, Esq., F.S.A. Francis M. Hampden Turner, Esq. Charles Waring, Esq. H. Waring, Esq. W. Waring, Esq. J. Kemp Welch, Esq. T. O. Barlow, Esq., A.R.A., Executive. J. Snowdon Henry, Esq., M.P. Her Majesty the Queen having graciously promised to lend several works of J. Phillip, R.A., and T. Creswick, R.A,, many other proprietors also liberally contributed to the collection of works representing the career of these distinguished artists. The friends of and owners of pictures by the late Mrs. Carpenter, Mr. Mason, and Mr. Rankley, then but recently dead, also sent specimens of 96 APPENDIX XVI. Fine Arts in 1873. their works, which were hung together, and altogether the number of works by these well known deceased artists reached 371. His Royal Highness the Due de Nemours obligingly aided in supplying the void in the representation of French Art, occasioned by the Inter- national Exhibition at Vienna, by sending 16 pictures representing the visits of Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort to France in 1843, and of King Louis Philippe to England in 1844 ; and Sir Richard Wallace lent his unrivalled collection of works of Meissonier. A special committee was formed to exhibit annually works of Fine Art executed by officers of the army and navy. His Royal Highness the Dtike of Edinburgh acted as the Chairman. The members who formed the committee are named in the Appendix II., p. 15. In 1873 the paintings contributed by various countries were as follows : — Great Britain — Modern paintings - 748 Works of deceased artists 371 Sketches by artists - 38 Sketches by officers of the army and navy - 312 Belgium _ _ _ . igg Germany - - - - 163 Italy - - ... 84 France ----- 55* Holland ----- 36 Denmark - - - - 18 Switzerland - - - - 14 Austria - - - - - 10 Russia - - - - - 6 Norway and Sweden - - - g Spain and Portugal - - . 5 British paintings were hung in Rooms VIII., IX., X., west gallery, Rooms XVI., XVII., and XVIII., east gallery. Rooms VI. and VII., west gallery, contained German, Italian, French, and Dutch works, whilst Room XX. on the east side was filled with works principally from Belgium. An attempt was made this year to group, sculpture together, as suggested by the sculptors, and the greater number of statues were brought together in Room XVIII., west gallery. 216 objects were catalogued in this class. Miscellaneous Art had 471 entries in the cata- logue, and the objects were for the most part arranged in Rooms XVII. and XIX., east gallery. 399 engravings, 145 photographs, and 60 archi- tectural designs were hung in the gallery of the Royal Albert Hall. * The French Commission was not engaged at the Exhibition of 1873. APPENDIX XVI. 97 In this gallery was shown a full-sized photographic reproduction of Rne Arti in Fme Arts ia 1874. famous Bayeau tapestry ; it measured 260 feet 4 inches in length, and ' was 19|- inches wide. For the Exhibition of 1874 the Fine Art rules did not materially differ from those of the preceding year. It was decided to represent the works of the following deceased British artists : — John Constable, R.A. - Augustus Egg, R.A. - David Roberts, R.A. - David Wilkie, R.A. - J. Coney J. S. Cotman- F. Mackenzie S. Prout A. Pugin C. Wild Of these artists 312 works were contributed by private owners, and were arranged in Room VI. 513 modern British paintings were hung in Rooms VIII., IX., and south-western staircase. The following foreign countries contributed paintings : — died 1837 » 1863 » 1864 » 1841 » 1833 » 1842 » 1845 » 1852 » 1832 » 1835 France - 365 Russia 45 Belgium - 473 Austria 26 Germany - - 274 Denmark - 7 Italy - 81 Norway and Sweden 16 Holland - - 68 Switzerland 1 France occupied Rooms XX. and XIX. ; Belgium filled Room XIV. ; and Bavaria filled Room X., west gallery. 223 objects of sculpture were arranged in all parts of the building. 713 examples of Miscellaneous Art were shown in Rooms VII. and IX. ; and 394 engravings, 199 pho- tographs, and 200 architectural designs were exhibited on screens in the crush rooms of the Royal Albert Hall. H. H. Cole, Lieut. RE. 35841. 98 APPENDIX XVII. APPENDIX XVII. rottery, 1871. POTTERY. ClaSS VIII., 1871. The Committee consisted of the following : — 0. Magniac, Esq., Chairman. The Countess of Warwick. Lady Lindsay. Mrs. Higford Burr. The Earl of Lichfield. C. M. Campbell, Esq., M.P C. Drury Fortnum, Esq. M. D. HoUins, Esq. G. Howard, Esq. A. Morrison, Esq. Reporters. C. Drury Fortnum, Esq. C. Magniac, Esq. R. H. Soden Smith, Esq. L. Arnoux, Esq. G. Redgrave, Esq. Lieut. Davies, R.E. Lieut. Grover, R.E. The Committee being appointed solely for the purpose of selection did not meet until after the goods had been received, and all pre- liminary arrangements for an adequate representation of this class of manufacture were undertaken by the executive of H.M.'s Commis- sioners. Tlie Chamber of Commerce of Stoke-upon -Trent were consulted on the matter as early as November 1869, and, through their president, made various suggestions regarding the general rules for this class. On 4th July 1870, the chamber convened a meeting at Stoke, at which the leading manufacturers were present and which Mr. Henry Cole attended. The majority of the meeting were in favour of the Exhibition and pledged themselves to assist it. The rules and forms of application having been issued to the trade throughout the kingdom, and having been generally responded to, it scarcely appeared necessary to take any further steps towards collecting the Exhibition, as far as British and Irish manu- factures were concerned. But it was thought possible that there might exist in some of the English counties, potteries but little known, the owners of which manufactured objects perhaps entirely for local use, but which might yet be worthy of being brought before the public. The lord lieutenants of counties were therefore requested to ascertain if any such potteries existed, and though the replies in most cases were in the negative, the inquiries thus set on foot led to an interesting display of pottery in common domestic use in Scotland, Wales, and some few English counties. Meanwhile, Captain (now Major) Martin, R.E., was sent to Prussia and Saxony to endeavour to induce the manufacturers of those countries to come forward, and H.M.'s Commissiuuers sanctioned the APPENDIX XVII. 99 purchase of representative collections of the manufactures of various other Pottery, i87i. countries. . The following special regulations were issued : — I. Pottery of all kinds will be exhibited, viz,, earthenware, stoneware, por- celain, parian, &c., including terra-cottas used in building, with new raw materials, machinery, and processes for the preparation of such manufactures. II. In this Class the following trades, together with any others engaged in the production of pottery, may submit specimens of their respective branches of production : — Brick and tile makers. Brown stone potters. Chemical potters. Chimney top manufacturers. China and earthenware manufacturers. China gilders. China menders. China rivetters. China and porcelain door furniture makers. China and porcelain manufacturers. China drillers. China figure manufacturers. China ornament makers. China painters and gilders. China toy makers. Drain pipe and tile makers. Earthenware figure manufacturers. Earthenware manufacturers. Egyptian black-ware manufacturers. Encaustic tile makers. Fancy jug manufacturers. Fire brick makers. Jug manufacturers. Melting pot and crucible makers. Muflle manufacturers. Parian manufacturers. Plumbers' pottery makers. Porcelain letter makers. Porcelain manufacturers. Potters. Potters' engravers. Rockingham ware manufacturers. Stone bottle makers. Stone mortar and pestle manufacturers. Stone potters. Stone wai'e manufacturers. Terra-cotta manufacturers. Tobacco pipe makers. Vase manufacturers. III. A producer in each of the trades may submit a specimen of each kind of object he manufactures, although such specimen may form only a part of a complete set. New Materials for Pottery. IV. Newly discovered materials used in the production of pottery, and new combinations of old materials may be exhibited. V. Persons engaged in the following trades, or any other trades in the United Kingdom connected with the preparation of the materials used in the manufacture of pottery, may submit specimens of their productions : — Ash merchants. Chert stone dealers. China clay merchants, (ylay merchants. Flint millers. Manganese merchants. Marble clay merchants. Pipe clay manufacturers and merchants. Zattres refiners. New Machinery for Pottery. VI. New machinery and apparatus will be admitted, and recent inventions relating to the ditferent parts of the various machines and appliances used in the manufacture of pottery may be shown either as complete machines, or separately in parts. Machinery in motion and new processes of manufacture may be shown. G 2 100 APPENDIX XVIT. Pottery, 1871. VII. Persons engaged in the following, and other trades in the United Kingdom connected with the manufacture of pottery, may submit specimens of their productions : — Brick and tile machine makers. Brick makers' implement manufacturers. Brick mould makers. Grinding mill makers. Kiln builders. Machinists in general. Pug mill makers. Potters' wheel makers. The reception of exhibits commenced on the 10th February, and shortly after that date the Committee held their first meeting. Some little difficulty was experienced in the selection of even the finer de- scriptions of pottery, and as regards that for architectural and sanitary purposes the Committee found themselves unable to do more, as a rule, than to order the rejection of duplicates and to allow all other objects to remain for exhibition. When it is remembered that the articles origi- nally submitted for exhibition in this class numbered more than ten thousand, it must be admitted that the task before the Committee was a sufficiently arduous one ; and the approval which the public after- wards bestowed on this class is sufficient proof that, arduous as the task was, the Committee had performed it well and thoroughly. The number of exhibitors was 1C6, the numbers from each nation being shown below : — Algeria Austria Belgium Denmark Egypt France Hungary India - Italy - Japan - Morocco Portugal Prussia Russia Spain - Sweden United Kingdom Total 1 7 8 4t 1 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 4 122 166 France and India showed the bulk of their exhibits in this class in their respective annexes. APPENDIX XVII. 101 The class was arranged under the direction of Mr. T. Clack of the Pottery, i87i. Science and Art Department. It was, as far as possible, classified under different heads, but this mode of arrangement met with considerable opposition from the exhibitors and was not completely carried out. All the finer manufactures were shown in the main ground floor galleries of the east buildings. Architectural and sanitary pottery (including tiles) was arranged in the eastern arcade and quadrant. At the termination of the Exhibition in October 1871, a great part of the collection was transferred to Berlin for exhibition, at the special request of H.I.H. the Crown Princess of Germany. (See Appendix XV., p. 87.) E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. APPENDIX XVIII. Woollens and Worsted. Class IX., 1871. Committee. Woollens and WorstedB, 1871. S. Addington, Esq. Jacob Behrens, Esq., M.P. J. Brinton, Esq. John P. Bull, Esq. W. H. Clabburn, Esq. J. G. Crace, Esq. Peter Graham, Esq. John Holmes, Esq. Owen Jones, Esq. H. L. Lapworth, Esq. G. Leach, Esq. S. S. Marling, Esq., M.P. S. Morley, Esq., M.P. H. A. Ridgway, Esq. H. W. Ripley, Esq. W. Roberts, Esq. H. S. Way, Esq. The following special regulations were issued : — I. Woollen and worsted fabrics of all kinds will be exhibited with the raw material and machinery for manufactures in the same. II. Producers engaged in the varioua trades, such as the following, connected with the manufacture of woollen and worsted fabrics may submit specimens of the particular work in which they are engaged, although they do not form complete objects. Thus, a beaver-cutter may exhibit beaver-cutting; a pulp cloth manufacturer may exhibit specimens of pulp cloth ; a yarn manufacturer yarn, &c. a. Woollen Trades. Army cloth manufacturers. Baize manufacturers. Beaver cutters. Billiard table cloth manufacturerB. Blackwell Hall factors. Blanket manufacturers. Blanket yarn spinners. Calenderers. Cloth drawers. Cloth dressers. Cloth embossers. Clotb factors and merchants. Cloth finishers. Cloth frizzers. 102 APPENDIX XVIlt. Woollens and Cloth fullers. Worsteds, Cloth manufacturere. 1871. Cloth millers. . Cloth printers. Cloth water proof ers. Cloth workers. Cold pressers. Collar cloth makers. Doeskin manufacturers^ Domett manufacturers. Drugget manufacturers. Drugget printers. Dyers and scodrers. Felt makers. Felt printers. Fent dealers. Flannel agents. Flannel factors. Flannel manufacturers. Flannel printers. Flock manufacturers. Flushing manufacturers. Frieze manufacturers. Fulling millers. Horse cloth manufacturers. Hot pressers. Ironing cloth manufacturers. Kersey manufacturers. Listing dealers. Machine cloth manufacturers. Mantle cloth manufacturers. Mourning hat band makers. Mungo merchants. Navy clothiers. Painted baize makers. Pianoforte hammer and damper cloth manu- facturers. Plaiuback manufacturers. Printers' blanket manufacturers. Pulp cloth manufacturers. Railway wrapper manufacturers. Kegatta manufacturers. Roller clearer and ironing cloth manufac- turers. Saddle cloth makers. Scribbling millers. Shag manufacturers. Ship felt makers. Shoddy manufacturers. Table cover manufacturers. Tweed manufacturers. Upholsterers' woollen manufacturers. Vesting manufacturers. Wool carders. Wool sheet manufacturers. Woollen agents. Woollen carpet manufacturers. Woollen carpet yarn manufacturers. Woollen cashmerett manufacturers. Woollen cloth manufacturers. Woollen cloth waterproofers. Woollen dyers. Woollen factors. Woollen flock manufacturers. Woollen flushing manufacturers. Woollen listing manufacturers. Woollen manufacturers. Woollen rug manufacturers. Woollen spinners. Woollen stripes manufacturers (Spanish), Woollen tweed manufacturers. Woollen waistcoating manufacturers. Woollen waste dealers. Woollen weavers. Yarn manufacturers. b. Worsted Trades. Alpaca manufacturers. Alpaca spinners. Band and galloon makers* Bell rope maktrs. Berlin wool manufacturers. Bombasin manufacturers. Braid makers. Bunting manufacturers. Carpet manufacturers. Carpet pattern designers. Carpet planners. Carpet weavers. Carpet yarn manufacturers. Cashmere manufacturers, Cashmerett manufacturers. Challis manufacturers. Chenille manufacturers. Coach lace manufacturers. Coach trimmers. Coach upholstery and trimming manufac- turers. Damask manufacturers. Embroiderers. Embroidery designers. Fringe and lace makers. Galloon and double makers. Girth web manufiacturers. Hearthrug makers. Lamb's wool manufacturers. Lasting manufacturers. Lindsey manufacturers. Livery lace makers. Machine combers. Merino manufacturers, Meiino spinners. Military embroiderers. Military sash makers. Mohair manufacturers. Moreen makers. Mousseline de laine manufacturers. Plush manufacturers. Poplin manufacturers. Railway woven badge manufacturers. Rug manufacturers. Satteen manufacturers. Serge manufacturers. Shalloon manufacturers. Shawl border and fringe manufacturers. Shawl cleaners. Shawl darners. Shawl manufacturers. Stuff finishers. Stuff manufacturers and agents. Tassel manufacturers. Trimming manufacturers. Upholsterers' trimming manufacturers. Waistcoating manufacturers. Web and webbing manufacturers. APPENDIX XVIII. 103 Wool combers. Worsted stuff manufacturers. Woollens iind Woollen cord manufacturers. Worsted table-cover manufacturers. Worsteds, Worsted dyers. Worsted waste dealers. 1871. Worsted manufacturers. Yarn manufacturers. ■■ Worsted spinners. Not Classified. Machine habit manufacturers. Zebra dress manufacturers. Stripes manufacturers. New Materials for Woollen and Worsted Fabrics. III. Wool and hair of various kinds not hitherto used in the manufacture of textile fabrics, and materials newly applied to the cleansing, preparation, and dyeing thereof, may be exhibited. IV. Producers in the United Kingdom, such as the following, engaged in the preparation of the materials used in the manufacture of woollen and worsted fabrics, may submit specimens of them : — Alkali manufacturers. Merino wool merchants. Alpaca wool merchants. Methylated spirit manufacturers. Alum manufacturers. Mecklenburgh blue makers. Ammonia manufacturers. Mohair merchants. Annato manufacturers. Mordant makers. Aquafortis makers. Ochre manufacturers. Arsenic manufacturers. Oil merchants. Bichromate of potash manufacturers. Orchil manufacturers. Bleaching liijuid makers. Oxalic acid manufacturers. Bleaching powder makers. Scarlet spirit manufacturers. Blue manufacturers. Smalt manufacturers. Blue verditer makers. ' Soap manufacturers. Borax manufacturers. Soda ash makers. Camel hair merchants. Soda crystal manufacturers. Carmine makers. Soda merchants. Chemical colour makers. Spirits of salt manufacturers. Chloride manufacturers. Sulphate of ammonia manufacturers. Cobalt refiners. Sulphate of barytes manufacturers. Colourers. Sulphate of copper manufacturers. Colour manufacturers. Sulphate of soda manufacturers. Copperas manufacturers. Sulphur manufacturers. Creosote manufacturers. Turpentine distillers. Cudbear makers. Ultramarine manufacturers. Dye manufacturers. Vitriol manufacturers. Dyewood cutters and raspers. Washing compound makers. Fellmongers. Washing crystal manufacturers. Flavine manufacturers. Woad manufacturers. Garacin manufacturers. Wool factors. Goat's hair merchants. Wool growers. Indigo blue manufacturers. Wool merchants. Indigo extract manufacturers. Wool staplers. Indigo refiners. Yellow spirit manufacturers. Manganese merchants. Zafifres refiners. New Machinery for Woollen and Worsted Fabrics. V. New machinery and apparatus used in the cleansing, preparation, and weaving of wool and hair, will be admitted, and improvements of the different parts of the various machines and appliances now in use may be shown separately. VI. Manufacturers, such as the following, engaged in the production of 104 APPENDIX XVIIl. Woollens and machinery and apparatus used in the manufacture of woollen and worsted fabrics Worsteds, j^gy exhibit under this head. 1871. ^ Bobbin manufacturers. Bobbin turners. Card leather curriers. Card machine makers. Card makers. Card teeth makers. Cloth press makers. Combing machine makers. Flyer makers. Fork manufacturers (weft). Gear and slay makers. Hackle and gill pin manufacturers. Hackl6 makers. Heald and slay makers. Heddle makers. Hot press makers. Jacquard card cutters. Jacquard harness mounters. Jacquard machine makers. Loom makers. Loom mounters. Loom passers and twister*. Machine joiners. Machine makers, Mule makers. Reed and slay makers. Shuttle makers. Shuttle tip makers. Spindle makers. Spinner flyer makers. Spool makers. Tassel and fringe mould turners. Teazle rod manufacturers. Weavers' harness makers and enterers. Weavers' joiners. Weavers' leash makers. Weavers' loom makers. Weavers' mail makers. Weavers' turners. Winding frame makers. Wool burring machine makers. Wool card makers. Wool comb makers. Wool drying machine makers. Wool scouring machine niakers. Woollen card makers. Woollen machine makers. Woolley teeth makers. Worsted machinery makers. A small collection of animals whose wools are used in the woollen and worsted manufactures was formed with the kind as&istance of the Zoolo- gical Society, the Royal Agricultural Society, H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, the Baroness Burdett-Coutts, and others ; and the animals ■were housed in commodious sheds, with pens, erected near the north- west entrance from Prince Albert's Road. The collection comprised specimens of the three distinct varieties of English sheep — long-woolled, short-woolled, and intermediate-woolled — viz., Lincoln, Cotswold, Oxfordshire Down, and pure Dorset; also pure Merinos, Indian, and Sardinian sheep, Cashmere shawl goats, llamas, alpacas, »Sz;c. Although these animals remained with their full fleeces at the Exhibition during the whole of its continuance (six months) throughout the summer, they were kept in perfect health, with the ex- ception of one casualty, traceable to natural causes. In the No. 1 gallery, close to this collection of wool-growing animals, were displayed stuffed specimens of the small Shetland sheep, fleeces and skins, with the different qualities of wool partitioned by red paint to show the various qualities selected by fellmongers, in the woollen trade, yarns, &c. The woollen and worsted fabrics were, for the chief part, exhibited in the four so-called "crush rooms" of the Royal Albeit HaU, at its southern end. In addition to the contributions of private manufacturers, the Chambers of Commerce of Bradford, Huddersfield, Briinn, Wakefield, Leeds, Stroud, Rochdale, &c., the War Department, Usserod Royal Army Cloth Mauu- APPENDIX XVIII. 105 factory, and similar institutions exhibited specimens of their goods; and the Royal Commissioners completed the collection by small purchases of representative fabrics from Italy, Bavaria, Switzerland, Hungary, Hol- land, Russia, Saxony, Morocco, &c. For economy of space these fabrics were, as a rule, exhibited upon specially made revolving frames, constructed after Mr. Cole's well-known design of hinged frames upon a central revolving axis (as used so generally at the South Kensington Museum). Such frames permitted the display of an extraordinary area of fabrics, compared with the ground space occupied thereby. Yet wall space was invariably utilised for the exhibition of such woollen and worsted fabrics as could be properly shown upon them ; and on the flat west walls of the pottery galleries (Nos. 11, 12, 13, 14., and 15 rooms), were suspended carpets and rugs of designs not incon- gruous with the general colouring of the galeries. G. E. Grover, Captain R.E. Staff College, 25th February 1875. Woollens and Worsteds, 1871. APPENDIX XIX. Educational Works and Appliances. Class X., 1871. The various committees for this class were appointed by the Society of Educational Arts, which body from an early period had taken a very special interest I^p'j^anTes, in this branch of the Exhibition of 1871. The names of numerous ^^''i- persons acting on these committees are given in the Appendix II., p. 6. The committees as in other classes were appointed for selection only, but the Society of Arts assisted H.M.'s Commissioners in various ways, and particularly in the preparation of the rules for exhibitors. The class was divided into five sections : — a. School buildings, fittings, furniture, &c. b. Books, maps, globes, instruments, &c. c. Appliances for physical training, including toys and games. d. Specimens and illustrations of modes of teaching Fine Art, natural history, and physical science. e. Specimens of school-work, serving as examples of the results of teaching. As regards the first four sections, little preliminary action was required beyond making the exhibition known to the various trades concerned by means of circulars. 106 APPENDIX XIX. Educational Works und Appliances, 1871. The trades were invited to exhibit under this head, such as ; — a. School Buildings, Fittings, and Furniture. Abacus frame makers. Black board makers. Diagram stand makers. Easel makers. Ink well makers. Object lesson cabinet makers. Reading frame makers. School apparatus makers. School building model maker*. School clock makers. School desk makers. School fitting makers. School form makers. h. Books, Maps, Globes, Instruments, &c. Chart sellers. Copy book publishers. Globe makers. Ink powder makers. Inkstand makers. Map and chart sellers and publishers. Map and print colourers. Map engravers. Map mounters. Map printers. Mathematical instrument makers. Music copyists. Music engravers. Pen makers. Pencil makers. Penholder makers. Publishers. Quill and pen manufacturer*. Raised map makers. School slate makers. Slate pencil makers. Steel pen manufacturers. Topographers. Writing ink makers. c. Appliances for Physical Training, including Tots and Games. Archery tackle makers. Backgammon board makers. Ball and balloon makers. Bowstring makers. Bicycle makers. Chess board makers. Cricket bat, ball, and stump makeri. Croquet manufacturers. Dissected map makers. Doll makers. Fishing tackle makers. Foot ball manufacturers. Gilt toy makers. Glass toy makers. Gymnasium makers. Hoop makers. Map dissectors. Marble manufacturers. Piidometer makers. Puzzle makers. Rocking horse makers. Skate makers. Skittle makers. Target makers. Top makers. Toy makers. d. Specimens and Illustrations of the Modes of Teaching Fine Art, Natural History, and Physical Science. Anatomical figure makers. Aquarium makers. Artists' colourmen. Barometer makers. Bird and beast stuffers. Black lead .pencil makers. Botanical collectors. Camel hair pencil makers. Chemical apparatus makers. Coloured saucer makers. Crayon makers. Drawing board makers. Drawing instrument makers. Drawing model makers. Electric apparatus manufacturers. Fossil dealers. Galvanic apparatus manufacturers. Geological collectors. Magic lantern makers. Magoet mEikeri. Makers of musical instruments for schools. Mechanical figure makers. Microscope makers. Mineralogists. Naturalists. Nautical instrument makers. Optical instrument makers. Orrery and Tellurian makers. Philosophical instrument makers. Pink saucer makers. Plaster cast figure makers. Preparers of botanical specimens. Preparers of microscopic objects. Stereoscope makers. Sun dial makers. Telegraph instrument makers. Telescope makers. Thermometer makers. Ward's case makers. Zoological artists. APPENDIX XIX. 107 In order to obtain a useful representation of section e, it seemed necessary to make peculiar efforts. The novelty of the idea of exhibiting specimens of school work was so great as to lead many heads of schools to believe that it was not practicable, or at any rate would be of little practical use, and the objections raised on these grounds alone to the scheme of the Commissioners were by no means few. The section was divided for convenience into the following sub-sections : — a. Writing. /9. Drawing and design, •y. Modelling in clay, terra-cotta, wax, &c. 8. Models of machinery, building construction, &c. f. Needlework. 5. Miscellaneous works by pupils in schools for the blind, reforma- tories, i&C. The Education Department at Whitehall, and the National Education Office in Dublin were among the first to which application was made for assistance, then followed H.M.'s inspectors of schools throughout the kingdom, science schools, mechanics' institutes, and Schools of Art. The inspectors of schools were for the most part too much engaged with their ordinary official duties to be able to make collections (as they were requested) of specimens of school- work in their respective districts, but they furnished H.M.'s Commissioners with lists of such schools as would be most likely to contribute, and by answering the queries of mas- ters and in other ways they materially furthered the object which H.M.'s Commissioners liad in view. The British and Foreign School Society were also of great assistance, and numerous private gentlemen who interested themselves in the instruction of the blind, and of the deaf and the dumb, kindly lent their aid towards the collection of schoolwork of children so afflicted. The reformatory and refuge union obtained spe- cimens of school-work from eighteen reformatory and industrial schools, and the Director of Convict Prisons sent an interesting contribution of work done by convicts. The educational class was arranged in the east and west theatres of the Royal Albert Hall, but as foreign contributions continued to arrive, the space in these theatres was found totally inadequate, and the class literally overflowed into all parts of the balcony floor on which the theatres are placed, and even partly down the staircases and up into the gallery. The foreign exhibitors whose contributions were thus strangely arranged on landings and staircases were not thereby losers, for their goods were placed more in the direct streams of visitors than if they had been shown in the theatres. The total number of exhibitors in the class was 911, and their nationalities are shown in the following table: — Educational Works and Appliances, 1871. 108 APPENDIX XIX. Educational Works and Appliances, 1871. •c 1 < g pq S 'Sp pq i p i a g a es g a 1 a S3 Ph 8S d ■s ex a « T3 CD 1 i 3 o Sec. A. 1 1 2 1 5 22 32 Sec. B. 9 18 — 3 39 1 — 22 1 77 170 Sec. C. — — — — — — — — — 3 — 26 2> Sec. D. 12 5 — 1 — 4 1 — 3 1 16 3 140 186 Sec. E. 3 1 1 30 2 — 1 5 50 — 1 1 — 9 — 441 494 25 54 2 1 4 1 3 4 1 55 4 706 911 The arrangement of the exhibits was as a rule undertaken by the employes of the Exhibition under the occasional superintendence of the gentlemen in whose charge the collection of the various sections had been placed, excepting in one or two cases of large representative collec- tions which were arranged by the exhibitors. The school- work of the blind was arranged by a committee specially appointed, and the Ladies Com- mittee gave assistance in the arrangement of needlework. The French and Indian exhibits in this class were arranged in their respective annexes, and are not taken note of in this report. The Austrian and Hungarian exhibits were arranged in the south galleries near the refresh- ment rooms. The Swedish contribution, which was perhaps, taken as a whole, the most complete received from any foreign country, was shown in the schoolhouse which was specially built at Stockholm for this Exhi- bition, and was erected in the western annexe. I will conclude this brief account of the Educational Class of 1871 with the following table which may be of interest, and which shows the numbers of the various classes of schools in the United Kingdom that took part in this Exhi- bition t — Army schools - - - - - 14 Art and science schools - - - - 14 Art schools - - - - - 44 Schools for the deaf and dumb - - - 7 Schools for the blind - - - - 11 Primary schools . . _ _ 282 Grammar schools, middle class schools, and similar institutions - - - - - 36 Industrial and reformatory schools - - 28 Convict prison schools - - - - 5 Total 441 E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. APPENDIX XX. 109 APPENDIX XX. Machinery. 1871. MacliineTy, 1871. The machinery shown in the 1871 Exhibition was exhibited in connexion with three distinct subjects, viz., woollen and worsted manufacture ; pottery manufacture ; and scientific inventions. The greater part of it was arranged on the ground floor of the west ^ galleries ; but the pottery machinery and processes were contained in an iron annexe to the east galleries, so as to communicate directly with the rooms and arcades wherein were arranged the various finished products of keramic art. Prime Maimers. — Motive-power was obtained from shafting driven, in sections, by engines of a portable or semi-portable description, exhibited by their manufacturers. The objects of employing this class of engine for prime movers were threefold : — a. They obviated the necessity of erecting permanent boilers, with brick seatings and high chimney-shaft, the cost and unsightliness of which would have been alike objectionable, b. In the event of any accident necessitating the stoppage of an engine, or the shafting driven by it, a small portion only of the exhibited machinery would have been affected by the mishap, instead of there occurring a general standstill, which would have resulted from any accident upon one long continuous shaft. c. An opportunity was afforded for the exhibition of several specimens of an important type of engine, growing daily more into favour and use with manufacturers. Thus in the 1871 Exhibition no less than nine prime movers were shown daily in operation. Engine Houses. — The engines on the west side were contained in small houses built as annexes to the machinery galleries, and mainly of glass, so as to affbrd facility of inspection by the visitors, whilst their separation by glass from the main avenues protected the public from the annoyance of heat and steam. Woollen Machinery. — The woollen and worsted machinery being for Woollen entirely distinct manufactures were naturally kept distinct in arrange- Machmerj-. ment, although exhibited in the same class. The woollen machinery comprehended almost every machine used in the various processes of wool washing, shearing, scouring, drying, burring, oiling, carding, spinning, twisting, reeling, and weaving woollen fabrics, together with samples of the accessory machines for milling, raising, and cutting of cloth, for feeding carding engines, &c. A valuable feature of this section consisted in the complete series of Belgian carding machinery for pure wool, of which the official reporter observed, " This Exhibition contains no APPENDIX XX. Machinery, 1871. Worsted Machinery. Pottery Machinery. Scientific Inventions. " the most complete assortment, the most recent, novel, and perfect " examples from the continent, hitherto introduced." Worsted Machinery. — The gallery in which the worsted machinery was exhibited was compared, by the same authority, to " an unique and " complete little worsted mill." Through the exertions of Lieut. C. Seton, R.E., and Mr. H. W. Ripley (the present M.P, for Bradford), there was organised, from the Bradford exhibitors, a complete representation of all the processes of worsted manufacture, viz., long wool washing, preparing, combing (both long and short wool), carding, back washing, spinning, and weaving ; and the yarns actually produced in the Exhibition were weekly disposed of in Bradford. Pottery Machinery. —An Exhibition affords, perhaps, less scope for the display and working of the diiferent machines and processes common for the manufacture of pottery than for the other industrial arts. Thus, for decorative wares, the quiet of a studio, and the dirt and heat of a firing furnace, form extremes in the process of manufacture which would obviously be inapplicable for illustration in public. Yet the Exhibition of 1871 contained many machines and processes of an intermediate character, and for the humbler forms of keramic ware, such a.s potters' wheels in operation, the processes of manufacturing clay tesserae for mosaics, encaustic tiles from pulverised clay, machines for the manufacture of bricks, tiles, and drain pipes, for pulverising clays, stones, and pottery, for grinding the colours used in painting china, and finally, a good collection of models, kilns, drying-rooms, and machinery too large for exhibition on a full scale. Scientific Inventions. — Very few of the machines exhibited in the division of scientific inventions required motive-power ; but the prime mover appointed to produce it was of itself an object of considerable interest, being an " aero-steam " engine, built expressly to illustrate the recent proposal to induce a rapid generation of steam by the propulsion of heated air directly into the water of the boiler. This invention attracted considerable public interest at the time, and the Exhibition permitted its examination in London by many people who would other- wise have had no opportunity of witnessing the working of the engine. In addition to the scientific inventions in motion, the printing machine (which daily produced the " Key ") was worked also by this " aero-steam " engine. G. E. Grover, Captain R.E. APPENDIX XXL 111 APPENDIX XXI. Scientific Inventions. (Division III.) 1871. Committee : John Penn, Esq, F.R.S. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. J. Anderson, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S.E. C. F. Beyer, Esq. F. J. Bramwell, Esq. Sir William Fairbairn, Bart., LL.D., F.R.S. Professor E. Frankland, D.C.L., F.R.S. Professor T. M. Good eve, M.A. Thomas Hawksley, Esq. John Hick, Esq., M.P. Walter May, Esq. W. Menelaus, Esq. John Piatt, Esq., M.P. Dr. D. S. Price. John Ramsbottom, Esq. John RobinsoD, Esq. C. W. Siemens, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. Professor J. Tyndall, LL.D.> F.R.S. C. B. Vignoles, Esq., F.R.S. Sir Joseph Whit worth, Bart. Sir Charles Wheatstone, D.C.L., F.R.S. The third division of the Exhibition, viz., scientific inventions and new discoveries, purported to include such novelties as would not pro- perly come within the scope of the Industrial Division of the year, and were yet of such value and importance as to render it undesirable that tlieir introduction to the public should be delayed until the regular year for their manufacture should come round in the industrial series. Hence resulted great labour on the part of the Committee, who had to select inventions of value from a most heterogeneous collection. The objects were generally classified under two heads, mechanical and chemical, for each of which there was appointed a separate reporter, and the former were naturally assisted most cordially by the Institute of Mechanical Engineers. The accepted inventions were displayed in No. 26 room, at the south end of the west machinery galleries. Those requiring motion were provided with main shafting driven by a Warsop aero-steam engine, itself an object of much interest in the division , and one invention (Hodgson's wire tramway) requiring its own prime mover, was exhi- bited in operation in the west annexe independently. G. E. Grovek, Captain R.E. Staff College, 2Gth February 1875. Scientific Inventions, 1871. 112 APPENDIX XXII. APPENDIX XXII. Cotton, 1872. Cotton. Class VIII., 1872. Committee, The following acted as the Committee in this class : — Professor Archer. Benjamin Armitage, Esq. E. Ashworth, Esq. John Boldero, Esq. Hugh Birley, Esq., M.P. Jacob Bright, Esq., M.P. E. Corbiere, Esq. J. Houldsworth, Esq. James Knight, Esq. Hugh Mason, Esq. J. Pender, Esq., M.P. Malcolm Ross, Esq. J. Wilson, Esq. The following special regulations were issued : — I. Cotton fabrics of all kinds will be exhibited, as well as the raw material, machinery, and processes used in their production. Special arrangements will be made for showing the cotton plant under cultivation. II. Producers engaged in the various trades, such as the following, connected with the manufacture of cotton fabrics, may submit specimens of the particular work in which they are engaged, although they may not form complete objects. Thus a velveteen cutter may show how the pile is formed and cut, the spinner of yarns may show the operations by which the different varieties are produced, &c. Cotton Trades. Calico glazers. Calico manufacturers. Calico web manufacturers. Candle wick manufacturers. Cotton and cotton yarn manufacturers. Cotton and rush manufacturers. Cotton band manufacturers. Cotton bleachers. Cotton cardei'S. Cotton check manufacturers. Cotton cloth manufacturers. Cotton cord manufacturers. Cotton doublers. Cotton sheet manufacturers. Cotton spinners. Cotton tick manufacturers. Cotton twist manufacturers. Cotton warp doublers. Cotton warp dressers. Cotton warpers. Cotton warp manufacturers. Cotton warp sizers. Cotton weavers. Counterpane manufacturers. Coverlet manufacturers. Dimity manufacturers. Embroidered muslin manufacturers. Fustian cutters. Fustian manufacturexi. Fustian skinners and stiffeners. Gingham manufacturers. Heald yarn manufacturers. Jeans, manufacturers of. Jewellers' cotton makers. Lamp cotton makers. Manchester warehousemen. Measuring tape makers. Moleskin manufacturers. Muslin manufacturers. Nankeen manufacturers. Packing sheet manufacturers. Padding manufacturers. Quilt and quilting manufacturers. Reel cotton makers. Rush and wick manufacturers. Sewed cotton manufacturers. Sewed muslin manufacturers. Sewing cotton and thread manufacturers. Shirting manufacturers. Silesia manufacturers. Stampers of muslin embroidery. Thread manufacturers. Tick manufacturers. Twist manufacturers. Velveteen cutters. Velveteen manufacturers. Wadding mauufacturerf. APPENDIX XXII. 113 List of Manufactures included in this Class. A. — Raw Cotton, and Cotton in various stages of Preparation. Cotton Yarns and Thread. 1. Single yarns in cops, bobbins, hanks, and warp, in all numbers. Grey, bleached, dyed, and printed yarns. Crape yarns, bleached and dyed. 2. Doubled yarns and thread in all counts and qualities (grey, bleached, dyed, and polished), for manufacturing purposes. Sewing threads, knittings, crotchet cottons, &c., in grey, bleached, dyed, and finished states. Cotton wadding. B. — Calicoes. Sheetings, grey and bleached. Shirtings „ ' Domestics „ Madapollams „ Printing cloths. Long cloths (plain and twilled), bleached. Window blinds, bleached and dyed. C — Velvets, Velveteens, Cords, and Beaverteens. 1. Velvets, Velveteens, Cords, Swansdowns, r'^'^^^' bleached, dyed, printed, raised, &c. 3. Twills and drills, Cantoons, Angolas, D. — Muslins. 1. Cambric, jaconnet, and cambric checks. Mulls. Victoi'ia lawns and Swiss checks. Brilliantes. 2. Figured muslins. Lappets, lenos, Nottingham nets, white and dyed. Jacquard-made goods. Lappets, Japan spots and honeycombs. „ striped and corded. „ allover and diagonal spider. „ Bengal scarf spot, assorted. Harness, assorted. „ garments. Window curtains. „ spot. Book, jaconnet, and Dacca lappets. Lenos, plain. „ figured. 85841. Cotton, 1872. 114 APPENDIX XXII. Cotton, 1872. Small stripe and check doriahs. Mexican lappets, coloured and white. Turkey gauze, white and dyed. 3. Shawls, handkerchiefs, and dresses. Imitation cambric handkerchiefs, plain and embroidered. Lappet shawls. Book muslin dresses, checks, tapes, and cords. „ handkerchiefs. Bleached goods of various finishes. „ „ cambric finish. „ „ jaconnet finish. „ ,, book muslins, hard, elastic, and London finish. „ „ richly ornamented. E. — QuiT.TiNGS, Dimities, Linings, &c. 1. Quillings, white and coloured. Toilet, Marseilles, and Alhambra quilts. Counterpanes, white and coloured. Grey sheets and cotton blankets. Toilet covers. Cotton diapers and damasks. Towels. 2. Furniture dimities, plain and figured. Hair, cord, and India dimities. Satteens and jeans. 3. Silesias, white, dyed, and printed. Fancy linings, white, dyed, and printed. Umbrella ginghams. Jeannettes, &c. 4. Cotton belting duck for rubber belting, used as substitute for leather. Cotton duck and drill, for imitation leather cloth and for hose. Cotton sail duck, for sails. F, — CoLOUKED Woven Cottons. 1. Ilandkercliiefs for the pocket, head, neck, and shoulders. Imitation Madras and Pulicat, Bandanas. „ Java and Manilla, Batiks. Fancy white grounds, checks. Imitation white cambric, with figured borders. 2. Ginghams. Ginghams for home use. „ for foreign markets. Fancy drills and cottouades. Regattas. Ticks. Diagonals. Grandrelles. Coloured diaper. APPENDIX XXII. Nankinettes. Fancy matting. Hammock cloths. 3. Dresses, sliirtings, scarfs, &c. Polished cotton dress goods. Fancy cotton shirtings. „ skirtings. 4. Zebras (mixtures of cotton and wool). Blue and white striped dresses. Orangine pine „ Blue pine „ Robe de chambre „ Double zebra scarfs. Rich wool scarfs. Variegated shawls. G. — Printed Cottons. 1. Handkerchiefs for the pocket, head, neck, and shoulders. Imitation Bandanas. „ Java and Manilla, Batiks. Fancy white grounds, checks. Imitation white cambric, with printed borders, &c. 2. Dresses, scarfs, &c. Java bugis and Manilla sarongs. Java chindies and scarfs. 3. Zebras (cotton only). Blue and white striped dresses. Orangine pine „ Blue pine „ Robe de chambre „ Double zebra scarfs. Variegated shawls. H. — Smallwares (consisting wholly of cotton). Tapes. W ebs. Trimmings. Fringes. Bindings. Hat bands. Braids and cords. I. — Oil-proofed Calicoes or Cambrics." Cloth for packing. „ patent packing. Cotton felt for packing. Cloth for baizes and table-covers. Cotton leather cloth. 115 Cotton, 1872. H 2 116 APPENDIX XXII. Cotton, 1872. K. — India-rubber -PROOFED Calicoes or Cambrics. Cotton cloth for garments. „ for printers' blankets. „ for steam packing. « Amonfj the most noticeable contributions to the textile class of 1871 (woollen and worsted ftxbrics) were the collections made and exhibited by various chambers of cominerce. It was hoped that a similar collec- tion of cotton products might have been made in 1872 by the Man- chester Chamber ; but after some little correspondence it appeared that the Manchester manufacturers were unwilling to exhibit their goods unless their own names were attached to them. It was therefore thought more advisable to form a local committee at Manchester, who should decide upon accepting or rejecting goods offered for exhibition, before they were despatched to London. Mr. Browning, the Secretary to the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, acted as Secretary to this Local Committee, and very materially lightened the labours of the executive officers of the Exhibition. The Local Committee also performed a great part of the work ordinarily entrusted to the Committee of Selection in London. It was for this Exhibition of 1872 that the ordinary Com- mittees were first requested to do more than merely select goods for exhibition, and were invited to give advice as to the best method of rendering the representation of each class more complete, where such representation appeared to be deficient. They were not indeed com- mittees of advice to the same extent as the committees of 1873 and 1874, as they did not meet until after the goods had been received, but even at this late date the assistance they were able to afford was of very great benefit. In addition to the Local Committee at Manchester and the Committee of Selection for Cotton Products, there was a third committee, namely, tlie " Committee for the Horticultural Department of Classes 8 and 12 (Cotton and Paper)." The labours of this Com- mittee produced perhaps the most interesting collection in this year's •Exhibition, that of living and dried specimens of cotton plants from various quarters of the globe. As in 1871 with the woollen and worsted fabrics, there was shown a collection of wool bearing animals, so in 1872 with the cotton class was shown the cotton plant itself, growing in a house specially prepared for it, the whole collection being arranged by Major Trevor Clarke. Here were cotton plants from Borneo, China, India, New Orleans, &c., and to those who wished to study this interest- ing plant, an opportunity was given such as certainly had never before been known. In addition to the living specimens, numerous samples of dried cotton were shown, and the whole of this collection also (with the exception of the Indian cottons) was arranged by Major Trevor Clarke. The manufactured goods in this class were displayed in the east and west quadrants, the raw material being arranged in the same room with the APPENDIX XXII. 117 cotton machinery. The former, with very few exceptions, were arranged Cotton, I872. for exhibition by the employes of H.M.'s Commissioners. The number of exhibitors was, of raw materials, 18, manufactured goods, 85, their nationaUties being shown in the following table : — d d S 'B a 3 ii 03 S ''3 _d '3 d 5 0) ^1 i < m Ph o t— 1 1— 1 X OJ 02 t> ti^ ^ -- H Raw materials 1 1 3 2 2 I 1 7* 18 Manufactured goods 2 2 9 10 — 2 2 1 3 — 1 1 3 ~ — 65 72 85 Total 1 2 5 2 3 1 1 103 * Under the head of " United Kingdom " are included Major Trevor Clarke and the London Cotton Brokers' Association, which showed samples from all parts of the world. E. G. Clayton, Capt. KE. APPENDIX XXIII. Jewellery. Class IX., 1872. Committee of Selection. Sir J. Kelk. Sir William Drake. Dr. Birdwood. T. Clark, Esq. Samuel Gas, Esq. C. F. Hancock, Esq. J. Hunt, Esq. R. Phillips, Esq. H. Rivett-Carnac, Esq. G. Wallis, Esq. During the Exhibition of 1871 the question of enlisting the co- operation of the Birmingham jewellery trade came under consideration, and the Mayor of Birmingham was addressed with a view of inviting a deputation of Birmingham manufacturers to visit the Exhibition for the purpose of inspecting the arrangements and advising as to what would be specially necessary for showing off jewellery to the best advantage. In the jewellery trade there are so many persons interested in sales of jewellery {i.e., factors, middlemen, or agents) that it soon became apparent that there would be some difficulty in inducing manufacturers to exhibit under their own name and to give prices. The purchasing public very rarely comes into actual contact with the wholesale makers of the jewellery they buy, still in the public interest an endeavour was Jewellery, 1872. 118 APPENDIX XXIII. Jewellery, 1872, made to show in the Exhibition where jewellery is made, and the different classes of personal ornaments made for different markets. In November 1871 General Scott and myself attended a meeting of jewellers at Birmingham. On this occasion a resolution was passed to make a collective exhibition of every kind of personal ornament made in Birmingham, and a local committee was formed in order to carry the resolution into effect. In consequence of the advice given by a deputation which came to the Exhibition, some special cases were prepared, one size 2 feet by ] foot 4 inches by 4 inches, the other size 1 foot 4 inches by 1 foot by 4 inches. Each case was provided with two different locks. Special arrangements had to be made for the security of the valuable collections of jewels contributed by private owners and ordinary exhi- bitors, and safes were provided for locking them up at night. Exhibitors possessing valuable collections were also allowed to have their own keys and to take their own measures for the more complete secui'ity of their property. The following printed regulations for exhibiting jewellery were circulated among the trade in Great Britain, and communicated to the various Foreign Commissions : — I. Jewellery of all kinds, i.e., personal ornaments made of precious metals, precious stones, or their imitations, will be exhibited, as well as the raw mate- rials, machinery, and processes used in their manufacture. Goldsmiths' and eilversmiths' work, and watches and clocks, will not be admissible except as Fine Art, but will be exhibited in 1875 and 1876. II. In this class the following trades, together with any others engaged in the production of jewellery, may submit specimens of their respective branches of production : — LIST OF TRADES. Precious Metals, Jewellery, &c. Black ornament makers. Burnished silver manufacturers. Cameo cutters. Chasers. Coral and jet carvers. Coral and jet workers. Coral manufacturers and merchants. Diamond cutters, setters, and workers. Diamond merchants. Electrotyperg Embossers. Enamellers Gilt jewellers. Gold and silver chasers. Gold and silver engravers. Gold and silver ornament makers. Gold and silver mounters. Gold and silver piercers. Gold and silver thread makers. Gold and silver wire drawers. Gold chain makers. Gold cutters. Gold enamellers. Gold plating manufacturers. Gold ring makers. Goldsmiths and jewellers. Gold swivel makers. Gold weavers. Jet ornament makers. Jet workers. Jewellers. Jewellers' stampers. Lapidaries. Mourning and wedding ring makers. Pearl merchants. Pearl ornament makers. Pearl stringers. Pearl workers. Silver chain makers. Silver chasers. Silver engravers. Stud makers. Watch guard makers. Wedding ring makers. APPENDIX XXIII. 119 By these means a fair show of modern jewellery was secured, and Jewellery, two exhibitors showed the making of jewellery in actual operation. '^'^' One of the most complete sections of the exhibition of jewellery was Peasant that of peasant jewellery. An arrangement was made with the autho- Jewellery. rities of the South Kensington Museum to make a collection from all parts of the world, which should become public property, for exhibition in the Museum after the close of the Exhibition. Accordingly the following circular was communicated by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to British representatives abroad, and aut'iority was given to make purchases on behalf of Her Majesty's Commissioners : — International Exhibition of 1872. Representation of Peasant Jewellery. I. Her Majesty's Commissioners have announced in the General Rules, that a representation of all kinds of jewellery will be included in the Programme for the International Exhibition of Selected Works in 1872. II. It has been explained that jewellery embraces all kinds of ornament worn for personal decoration, except watches, which will be exhibited in 1875. III. Besides jewellery of a costly kind, Her Majesty's Commissioners desife to obtain the most complete and perfect collection of all kinds, characteristic to the country to which -it is produced, and especially that used by the peasantry. IV. Such jewellery should have a direct connexion with the native in- stinctive art, which has been handed down by long tradition. Thus Italy Spain, Hungary, &c. may be instanced as each having a native jewellery. worn more or less by ail classes, which to this time remains un contaminated by the introduction of foreign forms based on the fashion of the day. Throuo-hont India ancient types are preserved, but the Delhi jewellery of the Upper Pro- vinces most commonly offered for sale to the better classes of Europeans is simply an infeiior imitation of Parisian or European designs. Photographs of Delhi jewellery of purely native character, as distinguished from the former, which will serve to illustrate the classes of traditional ornament that Her Majesty's Commissioners desire to have represented, have been prepared, and may be obtained on application to the Secretary. V. Collections of peasant jewellery have been made for the South Kcnsino'ton Museum. Those from Italy are numerous and of all varieties, and owe their design to the peculiar instincts of thousands of years, preserved in different localities. VI. To have a complete representation of international personal ornament it will be necessary to collect specimens at least of various objects from all parts of the world. Such an exhaustive series will be of great interest, and be appre- ciated by the public museums of the United Kingdom as well as by the public at large. It is therefore hoped that all countries will voluntarily contribute collections of this nature; but Her Majesty's Commissioners will be prepared to consider the purchase of specimens from such localities as are not likely to undertake their own representation oiEcially, provided that an estimate is first sent to the Commissioners, and a definite amount authorised by them. In 120 APPENDIX XXIII. Jevellerj, 1872. collecting such specimens it is necessary that characteristic design shotild, however, be of much greater consideration than intrinsic value, and that the price be very moderate. Henry Y. D. Scott, Colonel, R.E., Secretary. Office of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851. Kensington Gore, 8th August 1871. The result was most satisfactory and a collection of characteristic ornaments never before equalled was obtained. A very complete col- lection of Indian jewellery of all kinds was shown in the Indian Court, pains having been bestowed by the local Indian authorities in the collection of specimens. Loan Jewellery. Her Majesty the Queen was pleased to contribute to this collection by sending a model of the Koh-i-noor, Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales lent a fine collection of Danish jewellery, some splendid jewels •were lent by Lady Dudley, and the Guicowar of Baroda lent a fine chuddah embroidered with pearls. Besides these there were 29 private contributors of all kinds of jewellery. Modern Jewellery. Country. No. of Exhibitors. Bernards. Great Britain - - 33 Not including the Collective Exhibition from Birmingham, which was supported by about 50 Exhibitors, but no names were given. Victoria • - 2 Austria - 4 Italy - 5 Russia - 2 Holland - 1 Belgium - 2 Bavaria - 1 Norway ■ - 1 France - — ■ Represented in the French An- nexe. APPENDIX XXIII. 121 Peasant Jewellery. Jewellery, 1872. Country. Remarks. France - . - Spain - - - Portugal Germany Sweden Greece Malta - Armenia Wallachia Colombia Albania India - - - Procured by purchase through the French Commis- sioners. I Purchased through Mr. Layard. Purchased by H.I.H. the Crown Princess of Prussia. Purchased through British representative. Do. do. do. Purchased by Professor Archer. Purchased through British representative. - Do. do. do. Do. do. do. Do. do. do. Lent by Mrs. Rivett Carnac. H. H. Cole, Lt. R.E. APPENDIX XXIV. Musical Instruments. Class X., 1872. The following acted as the Committee Lord Gerald Fitzgerald. Sir Julius Benedict. Sir Sterndale Bennett. C. Boullangier, Esq. F. Clay, Esq. J. W. Elliott, Esq. C. Godfrey, Esq. Otto Goldschmidt, Esq. W. E. Hill, Esq. E. J. Hopkins, Esq. John Hopkinson, Esq. in this class : — J. Hullab, Esq. Henry Kirkman, Esq. H. Leslie, Esq. Herr Ernst Pauer. Signor Piatti. J. W. Rendle, Esq. J. R. Sawerthal, Eisq. J. Smyth, Esq. A. Sullivan, Esq, J. Van Maanen, Esq. J. C. Ward, Esq. Musical Instruments, 1872. The following special regulations were issued : — I. Musical instruments of all kinds will be exhibited, as well as the materials, machinery, and proceeses used in their manufacture. 122 APPENDIX XXIV. Musical II. In this class the following trades, together with any others engaged in tlie Instruments, production of musical instruments, may submit specimens of their respective L_ branches of pruduction. List of Trades. Music. Accordion makers. Bugle and trumpet makers. Concertina manufacturers. Drum makers. Flageolet makers. Flute makers. Foresters' horn manufacturers. Fret cutters (pianoforte). Guitar makers. Hammer rails mal< ers. Harmonicon manufacturers. Harp makers. Harp string makers. Horn, trumpet, and bugle makers. Military musical instrument makei-s. Musical box makers and importers. Musical instrument makers. Musical instrument string makers. Musical instrument turners. Musical tube makers. Music smiths. Music wire manufacturers. Organ builders. Organ key makers. Organ metal pipe makers. Organ turners. Pianoforte action makers. Pianoforte hammer coverers. Pianoforte hammer rail makers. Pianoforte key makers. Pianoforte makers. Pianoforte pin makers. Pianoforte silkers. Pianoforte small work manufacturers. Pianoforte string makers. Pianoforte turners. Seraphine makers. I'rumpet makers. Tuning fork manufacturers. Violin and bow string makers. Violin bow makers. Violin makers. Violoncello makers. While the first steps were being taken by the officers of the Exhibition towards making known to manufacturers of musical instruments that the products of their industry would be shown in the Exhibition of 1872, it became apparent that in order to make the Exhibition generally useful, it would be desirable, if not absolutely necessary, that musical recitals should be given in the Albert Hall, at which exhibited instru- ments might be heard together. But in order that this might be done, it was necessary that an uniform pitch should be decided on. A public meeting was tlierefore summoned at the Royal Albert Hall on 20th January 1872, when Mr. John Hullah took the chair, which was largely attended by musical instrument makers and others. At this meeting it was resolved that all exliibitors who miglit wish to have their instruments tried at the recitals before mentioned, should be required to adopt the pitch recommended by the Society of Arts in 1860, namely, that of 528 vibrations to C. Tuning forks of this pitch were therefore obtained by the executive of the Exhibition, and were supplied to those exhibitors who applied for them. After this preliminary meeting, no especial measures were adopted towards securing a fair repre- sentation of this class beyond sending out the usual circulars and notices, and there was no meeting of the conmiittee of selection until some of the instruments had been received. This committee, like all others of 1872, was in the main elected by intending exhibitors ; but the plan involved a great deal of correspondence, and did not beeui to produce APPENDIX XXIV. 123 any particularly beneficial results, so it was not followed in succeeding years. The first meeting of the committee was held on the 8th April 1872, when they appointed the following sub-committees. a. For pianos. 6. For organs. c. For string instruments. d. For harmoniums and concertinas. e. For wind and percussion instruments. These sub-committees did not all complete their work until the 25th of May, nearly four weeks after the Exhibition had been opened. The total number of exhibitors was 96, of whom 78 ^f^&TO, from the United Kingdom. The nationalities of foreign exhibitors are shown below : — Austria Belgium Italy Norway Prussia - Russia - Saxony Sweden United States - Wurtemburg Total 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 18 Musical Instruments, 1872. These numbers do not include French exhibitors, whose instruments were shown in the French annexe. The class was arranged under the orders of Mr. A. S. Cole, of the Science and Art Department, in the east galleries, the organs being distributed throughout the buildings. Arrangements were made for daily performances on the various instruments, a certain time each day being also set apart for trial of the instruments by visitors to the Exhibition. E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. 124 APPENDIX XXV. APPENDIX XXV. Paper, Stationery, and Printing, 1872. Papek, Stationery, and The following acted as the Cora Sir William Mitchell. Sir Sydney Wuterlow. F. H. Arnold, Esq. Vincent Brooks, Esq. R. Canton, Esq. George Chater, Esq. John Coe, Esq. John Cowan, Esq. J. Cundall, Esq. Warren De la Rue, Esq., D.C.L, F.R.S. W. Dickes, Esq. Captain E. F. Du Cane, R.E. Printing. Class XII., 1872. tnittee for this class : — J. Evans, Esq., F.R.S. H. Gotto, Esq. E. N. Haines, Esq. Owen Jones, Esq. W. Longman, Esq, John Murray, Esq. Wyndham S. Portal, Esq. C. Reed, Esq., M.R A. Rivington, Esq. W. Spicer, Esq. B. Sulman, Esq. ' William H. Ward, Esq. The following special rules were issued : — I. Paper, stationery, and printing of all kinds will be exhibited, as well as the raw materials, machinery, and processes used in their manufacture. II. In this class the following trades, together with any others engaged in the production of paper, stationery, and printing, may submit specimens of their respective branches of production. Paper. Bank note paper makers. Black borderers, paper. Bristol board makers. Button card manufacturers. Card and cardboard makers. Cardboard box makers. Card cutters. Card manufacturers, playing. Card stampers. Coloured paper manufacturers. Fancy box makers. Fancy paper makers. Gold and silver paper makers. Hot pressers. Millboard makers. Millboard, paper, hat, &c. box makers. Paper bag makers. Black lead pencil makers. Envelope makers. Ever-pointed pencil makers. Fancy stationers. Ink makers (printing). Ink manufacturers. Ink powder makers. Inkstand makers. Manifold writer makers. Marking ink makers. Paper borderers. Paper box makers. Paper case makers. Paper embossers. Paper flax bowl manufacturers. Paper glossers. Paper makers. Paper marblers. Passe partout makers. Pasteboard box makers. Pasteboard makers. Pattern card makers. Pill box makers. Playing card makers. Ticket manufacturers. Tracing paper makers. Stationery. Marking plate makers. Pencil makers. Penholder makers. Printer's ink manufacturers. Qnill and pen merchants and manufacturers. Sealing-wax and wafer makers. Stationers. Valentine makers. Wafer makers. Writing fluid makers. APPENDIX XXV. 125 Bookbinding connected with Stationery. Account book manufacturers. Card case makers. Anastatic printers. Copper plate printers. Gold and silver printers. Label makers (parchment). Lithographers. Lithographic printers. Machine rulers. Music engravers and printers. Music paper rulers. Music printers. Numerical printers. Oil colour printers. Paper rulers. Pattern book makers. Pocket book makers. Paper, Stationery, and Printing, 1872. Printing. Printers. Printers' wood type cutters. Railway ticket printers. Rulers, machine. Steel plate printers. Stereotypers. Stereotype founders. Type cutters, wood. Type founders. Typographical music printers. Wood letter cutters. Wood type cutters. Zincographic printers. For this class, as for that of cotton, there were two Committees ap- pointed, one for raw materials and the other for manufactured goods. The latter held their first meeting on the 22nd March 1872, when they formed the following sub-committees : — a. Paper, card, and millboard. b. Stationery, account books, &c. c. Letterpress, plate, and all other modes of printing. They also passed certain important resolutions regarding the rejection of goods, giving authority to the executive officers to deal with all cases of duplicates, and made various recommendations as to the best method of completing the representation of the class. Those firms to whom they recommended that application for exhibits should be made, were in most cases personally visited,, and the objects of the Exhibition were explained to them. These applications were, as a rule, successful. The Committee held a second meeting on the 10th AjtII 1872, when it was decided to show in connexion with Section c. specimens of Bank of Eng- land notes, and of foreign bank notes, commencing from the year 1GG9. The former were kindly contributed by the Bank of England, the latter by Mrs. Evans. The Committee for raw materials succeeded in collecting a very interesting exhibition of fibres, &c., for paper making, but there is no evidence to show whether any of the raw materials thus brought to the notice of paper manufacturers, have been since used to any extent in England. The fibre which, according to the report published by the Society of Arts, was most approved, was the sida retusa, a common weed growing in Queensland, and it would be interesting to know whether any steps have been taken towards its introduction to this country. The arrangement of the class was a niatter of some little difficulty. Under the head of stationery were included objects so miscellaneous that classification seemed to be almost impossible. The old objection of 126 APPENDIX XXV. Paper, exhibitors to the separation of their goods threw further difficulties in Stationery, and ,, , , ,i • , i , , • n mi i Printing, the way, but this was at least partially overcome, ihe arrangement ^^"^ - was confided to Mr. Watson ami to Mr. Leopold Martin, the former arranging Sec. a., the latter, Sees. h. and c. The whole class was arranged in rooms XXI., XXII., and part of room XXIII. in the south galleries. In the small corridor behind the refreshment rooms, was shown a col- lection of newspapers from all parts of the world. This collection excited considerable interest,- especially among foreigners. A similar collection of newspapers of the United Kingdom was shown in the Paris Exhibition of 1867. In making this collection, great assistance was given to Her Majesty's Commissioners by the diplomatic represen- tatives of Great Britaia throughout the world. Any notice of this class would be incomplete without mention of the Japanese collection con- tributed by the South Kensington Museum, in which were shown the many and varied uses of paper in Japan. A similar, but much smaller collection from China, was purchased and exhibited by Her Majesty's Commissioners. The following table shows the number and nationalities of the ex- hibitors : — 83 d .s s pg u a ci d a ^2 ^ <" ^ '^ s5 ■c United ^ ? 'Sb a 3 o g a ■'3 a S 3 • ? 1 Kingdom. n C3 ci 0) rC o 3 ^ ^< G t/2 o < W eq O O W K Ph rt cc P > H 16 2 12 1 2 1 1 2 9 9 9 1 2 4 163 234 E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. APPENDIX XXVI. Machinery, 1872. Machinery. • 1872. Prime Movers. — The arrangements for providing motive power to the machines in motion during the Exhibition of 1872, were similar to those employed during the Exhibition of the previous year, but the number of prime movers was reduced, seven being found sufficient in place of nine. Six occupied the engine-houses abutting on the west machinery galleries, and the seventh was placed in the east machinery annexe in order to work the " Walter " printing press, which daily printed some portions of the regular editions of the " Times " and " Mail." . APPENDIX XXVI. 127 Machinery, 1872. Five engines were of the portable or semi-portable type ; one was a horizontal stationaiy engine and the seventh was a vertical engine. They were all of the same nominal 12 horse-power, and thus little expense was incurred by their fixture and removal. The shafting in Nos. 1, 2, '3, 4, and 5 rooms remained as in the previous year, that in No. 26 room was slightly lengthened (by the use of old material), and the shaftings in the east machinery annexe were removed altogether, since the " Walter " press could be driven direct by a band from its engine, and there was need of economising space as much as possible to accommodate the large number of spectators who usually crowded to see the working of this celebrated machine. Printing Machinery. — The Class 12 (paper, stationery, and printing) Printing Ma- afforded opportunities for the exhibition of several other modes of letter- ^'^'"^''y' ''^^^' press printing, which were displayed in the west machinery galleries, parallel with Prince Albert's Koad. The fourth edition of the " Echo " was printed daily at 8.30 o'clock p.m. on a newly imported " Marinoni " machine, and the daily Exhibition " Key " was likewise struck off in public every afternoon. The west galleries contained many more macliines in common use for the processes of printing wood-cuts, steel and copper-plates, chromo- lithographs, letterpress, &c. Numbers of the " Art Journal" and other periodicals were produced regularly; relief stamping, card printing, book folding, paper cutting, embossing, numbering, indorsing, and type- founding machines were shown constantly in actual operation, and the curious processes of grapho-typing, Woodbury photograph printing, heliotype printing, and anastatic printing were duly displayed with all their details. The accessory processes of stationtrj^- manufacture were also shown in the same quarter of the Exhibition. Pencil manufacture, sealing wax manufacture, envelope manufacture, paper cutting, &c. &c., were carried on in a refined factory manner, by some of the most eminent firms in the trade, who (at considerable outlay) assisted to develop the Royal Com- missioners' programme of illustrating the present condition of industrial manufacture in a practical and instructive manner. In large cases distributed throughout the same west galleries were arranged specimens of the little tools and appliances requisite for the operatives of the trades included under Class 12, e.g., woven wife cloth, dandy rolls, stencil plates, composing sticks, type cases, &lc. &c. Cotton Machinery. — The Secretary of State for India had forwarded Cotton Ma- for exhibition a most interesting collection of the native agricultural and '^ ^nery, 7 . manufacturing implements used in India for the tilling of ground, and tha raising of cotton. These were arranged in the upper part of the west arcades so as to be in the close neighbourhood of the corresponding European machines. Some models accompanying them completed the 128 APPENDIX XXVI. Machinery, 1872. collection, which comprised churkas or cotton cleaning machines from Guzerat, Ulwar, and Arracan, spinning wheels from Nagpore, Khandish, and Kutch, and various other Indian appliances. The cotton-gin competition at Manchester, which had only recently been carried out and concluded under the authority of the India Office, afforded several valuable cotton-gin statistics with the actual machines, to the Exhibition. These were all arranged in No. 1 room, where also was disposed a complete series of machines illustrating the different processes undergone in the formation of cotton textile fabrics, such as cotton cleaning, combing, carding, drawing, doubling, and twisting (by slubbing and jack frames), spinning (by a mule), yarn winding, weaving, &c. &c. Such were chiefly the objects for which machinery was displayed in the London Exhibition of 1872. In textile fabric manufacture there was less to be seen than in the previous year, but the quantity and interest of the several processes for printing letterpress and illustrations of books, together with the many concomitant details of stationery manufacture and preparation, gave this year's Exliibition a curious never-ending attraction and completeness, with instruction, such as certainly has never yet been reached since the art of printing was discovered. G. E. Grover, Captain R.E. APPENDIX XXVII. Scientific Inventions, 1872. Scientific Inventions. The Committee who acted' this year F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. J. Anderson, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S.E. C. F. Beyer, Esq. F. J. Bramwell, Esq. Major Donnelly, RE. Sir W. Fairbairn, Bart., LL.D., F.R.S. Professor E, Frankland, D.C.L., F.R.S. Professor T. M. Goodeve, M.A. Major-General Harness, C.B. T. Hawksley, Esq. John Hick, Esq., M.P. (Division III.) 1872. consisted of the following : — W. Menelaus, Esq. John Penn, Esq., F.R.S. Dr. D. S. Price. John Ramsbottom, Esq. John Robinson, Esq. C. W. Siemens, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. Lieut. Col. A Strange, F.R.S. Professor J. Tyndall, LL.D., F.R.S. C. B. Vigncles, Esq., F.R.S. Sir Joseph Wliitworth, Bart. Sir Charles Wheats tone, D.C. L., F.R.S. APPENDIX XXVII. 129 The objects exhibited in this class in 1872 were arranged in the south corridor, room No. 23, with the exception of those whose weight and bulk prevented their convenient removal to a Boored gallery, and such heavy objects were placed in the western arcades. Among these were specimens of the Palliser 64-pr. gun (converted from a 32-pr.), a WIdtworth field gun, &c. At the annual conversazione of the President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, held in the west galleries of the Exhibition buildings on the 28th of May, several objects from the scientific inventions court were temporarily placed in the picture galleries thrown open to the visitors, so as to add to the scientific attractions of the evening. Only 84 objects were exhibited in this class ; and about 800 were declined by the Committee as not coming properly within its scope, G. E. Grover, Capt., R.E. Scientific Inventions, 1872. APPENDIX XXVIII. Silk and Velvet. Class VIII., 1873. Silk and Velvet, 1873. The Committee for this class consisted of the following : — Lady Dorothy Nevill. H. W. Eaton, Esq., M.P. Sir David Cooper, Bart. P. Gadban, Esq. F. Bennoch, Esq. P. Graham, Esq. J. Birchenough, Esq E. Harrison, Esq. W. Blakeiey, Esq. W. Higginbottom, Esq. E. F. V. Bolingbrok e, Esq. J. Jupe, Esq. W. C. Brocklehurst, Esq., M.P. P. C. Leckie, Esq. T. N. Brocklehurst, Esq. A. Lewis, Esq. H. Browett, Esq. E. P. Lintilhac, Esq. W. Bullock, Esq. F. Longdon, Esq. Dr. A. Campbell. T. K. Lynch, Esq. A. Cassells, Esq. Dr. R. J. Maim. D. Chadwick, Esq., M.P. Capt. G. Mason. J. Chadwick, Esq. H. M. Matheson, Esq. Hyde Clarke, Esq. J. Price, Esq., M.P. F. Cobb, Esq. C. A. Peters, Esq. E. Corbiere, Esq. J. Small, Esq. E. Cox, Esq. H. Tucker, Esq. F. Dickens, Esq. J. Vavasseur, Esq. T. Dickins, Esq. J. Wright, Esq. H. Durlacher, Esq. 35841. 1 130 APPENDIX XXVIII. Silk nnd Velvet, 1873. The following special regulations were issued : — I. Silk and velvet fabrics of all kinds will be exhibited, as well as the raw material, machinery, and processes used in their production. Special arrange- ments will be made for showing the breeding of the silkworm. II. Producers of raw silk, and those engaged in the various trades, such as the following, connected with the manufacture of silk and velvet fabrics, may submit specimens of the particular work in which they are engaged. Silk and Velvet Trades. Silk cord manufacturers. Silk dre«. 1 - 1 - - - - 1 - - 1 24 40 Kaw materials - - - - 1 - 2 2 - 2 .- 1 - - 1 - 2 - - - - 4 15 Modern products 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 2 14 23 1 1 6 2 3 1 - 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 52 85 1 1 3 1 4 2 1 1 2 80 110 (Note. British exhibitors contributing objects l':om foreign countries are entered under the country wliuse manufactures they exhibited.) E. G. Clayton, Capt., R.E. I 2 132 APPENDIX XXIX. APPENDIX XXIX. Steel, 1873. StEEL. ClaSS IX., 1873. The following acted as the Committee for Steel, Cutlery, and Edge Tools :~ The Earl of Caithness. The Earl of Dudley. Lord Richard Grosvenor, M.P. Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart. Sir W. Fairbairn, Bart., LL.D., F.R.S. Sir John Brown. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.E.S. John Anderson, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S.E. C. Asprey, Esq. H. Bessemer, Esq. W. Bragge, Esq. Colonel F. Campbell, R.A. J. Evans, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. Mark Firth, Esq. Colonel A. Lane Fox, F.S.A. Committee (for Steel applied "W. Adams, Esq. R. Angus, Esq. J. Armstrong, Esq. J. Beattie, Esq. J. I. Carson, Esq. E. Corner, Esq. E. Fletcher, Esq. Lieut.-Col. C. S. Hutchinson, R.E. S. W. Johnson, Esq. W. Kendall, Esq. M. Kirtley, Esq. A. W. Franks, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. Colonel T. Inglis, R.E. John Latham, Esq. Edward Mappin, Esq. F. T. Mappin, Esq. Dr. J. Percy, F.R.S. E. J. Reed, Esq., C.B. Joseph Rodgers, Esq. C. W. Siemens, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. J. Gordon Smith, Esq. Warrington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Captain A. C. Tupper, F.S.A. T. Turner, Esq. T. E. Vickers, Esq. A. Vickers, Esq. TO Railway Purposes) : W. Martley, Esq. A. McDonnell, Esq. R. Ramage, Esq. J. Ramsbottom, Esq. Lieut.-Col. F. H. Rich, R.E. C. Sacre, Esq. P. Stirling, Esq. W. Stroudley, Esq. Captain H. W. Tyler, R.E. J. Wakefield, Esq. F. W. Webb, Esq. T. Wheatley, Esq. The following special regulations were issued : — I. Class 9 is divided into the following sections : a. Specimens or all known varieties of Steel, with descriptions of THEIR Composition, Quality, Tejiper, usual Forms of Appli- cation, &c. APPENDIX XXIX. 133 b. Machinery, Processes, and Apparatus for the Testing of Steel Rails, Steel Wire Ropes, &c. c. Steel Manufactures. 1. Tools and heavy steel toys, hammers, vices, &c. 2. Steel ornaments and light fancy steel toys, brooches, buckles, &c. 3. Steel pens. 4. Needles, fish-hooks, and fishing tackle. 5. Shot and shell. 6. Barrels for guns and small arms. 7. Steel used for railway purposes, such as rails, axles, tyres, springs, &c. 8. Steel boiler and ship plates. 9. Steel wire ropes. d. Cutlery and Edge-Tools. 1. Knives and forks : Table, dessert, and carving. Dessert or fruit. Cake and melon carvers. Fish knives and forks. Case knives for travellers. 2. Spring knives : Pen and pocket knives of every description. Hunting and sportsmen's knives. 3. Knives of all other descriptions : Pt.per knives of all kinds. Desk or ofiice knives. Palette knives. Knives for hunting and self-defence, as couteaux-de-chasse, bowie knives, &c. Knives for kitchen and domestic purposes, as cook's, oyster, onion, bread, butter, and cheese knives. Knives used in various trades, as butchers', shoemakers', glaziers', gardeners', &c. 4. Scissors and shears : Ladies' work and cutting-out scissors of every description. Nail, button-hole, barbers', and trimming scissors. Shears used in various trades, as tailors', brushmakers', &c. Garden and sheep shears. Scythes, sickles, and hay knives. 5. Razors. 6. Swords, daggers, lances, boar-spears, harpoons, &c. 7. Spurs. 8. Miscellaneous : Corkscrews, button- hooks, boot-hooks, nail-nippers, nail-files, tweezers, &c. 9. Edge-tools and files used by engineers, smiths, or other metal workers. Steel, 1873. I 134 APPENDIX XXIX. Steel, 1873. 10. Edge-tools and files used for purposes of building hy masons, bricklayers, and plasterers. 11. Ditto for fine metal and other work, as for clock and watch- makers, jewellers, lapidaries, engravers, and modellers. 12. Ditto for woodwork, as for carpenters, joiners, cabinet-makers, coopers, wood carvers, &c. 13. Ditto for leather or skins, as for saddlers, curriers, shoemakers, and bookbinders. 14. Drawing, artists', and engi-aving instruments. 15. Edge-tools and files for other purposes than those specified. 16. Needles. II. It is desired that the specimens contributed by foreign countries should De so selected as to illustrate the chief differences in manufacture and form between the English and foreign steel goods, as manufactured at the present date. Even imitations of English goods would prove interesting and instructive. III. It is also proposed to form a collection of steel and steel goods manu- factured at prior dates, so as to institute comparisons between the work and patterns of the present day and those of earlier times. IV. It is hoped that all countries will voluntarily contribute collections of the nature proposed, but Her Majesty's Commissioners will be prepared to consider the purchase of specimens from such localities as are not likely to undertake their own representation officially, provided that an estimate is first sent to the Commissioners, and a definite sum authorised by them for the purpose before the purchase is made. The articles exhibited in this class were shown in two different parts of the Exhibition. The light steel goods and cutlery were arranged in the four rooms over the south entrance from the conservatory to the Royal Albert Hall, on the balcony floor level ; and the heavy goods (such as armour plate, boilers, railway iron, and steel rails, &;c.) were placed in No. 26 room of the west galleries. The collection comprised numerous specimens of the modem steel and cutlery manufactures of the country, and it was completed by loan contributions from the Science and Art Department, the Royal United Service Institution of London, the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich, and the chief railway companies in the United Kingdom. The United States, Sweden, and Russia sent specimens of their steel and cutlery for exhibition alongside those of SheflBeld ; and the Royal Commissioners provided small inexpensive collections of the common characteristic cutlery used in Borneo, Ceylon, Natal, West Africa, Siam, Japan, and China. G. E. Grover, Captain R.E, APPENDIX XXX. 135 APPENDIX XXX. Surgical Instruments and Appliances. Committee. Class X., 1873. Surgical Instruments, 1873. Sir William Fergusson, Bart., F.R.S. Sir James Paget, Bart., F.R.S. Sir Alexander Armstrong, K.C.B., M.D. SirT. Galbraith Logan, K.C.B., M.D. Peter Allen, Esq., M.D. W. Bowman, Esq., F.R.S. R. Brudenell Carter, Esq. W. White Cooper, Esq. H. J. Domville, Esq., C.B., M.D. W. T. Domville, Esq., M.D. Dr. Arthur Fane, F.R.S. Dr. G. T. Gream. Caesar H. Hawkins, Esq., F.R.S. Prescott G. Hewett, Esq. J. Hilton Esq., F.R.S. James Hinton, Esq. R. Liebreich, Esq. James Luke, Esq., F.R.S. A. E. Mackay, Esq., M.D. John Marshall,Esq., F.R.S. T. W. Nunn, Esq. Dr. W. S. Playfair. R. Quain, Esq., F.R.S. Edwin Saunders, Esq. Edwin Sercombe, Esq. Corresponding Members. Hon. Alan P. Herbert. Sir John Rose Cormack, M.D. Professor Donders. Dr. Helmholtz. Theodor Hugenberger, Esq., M.D. Professor J. Lazarewitch. Professor D. E. Martin. Dr. de Mussey. Dr. D. Pantaleoni. The following special rule was issued : — I. Class 10 is divided into the following sections : SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS. A, — For Operations on the Eye, Special instruments for 1. Operation on the eyelids. 2. Obstructed duct and fistula lachrymalis. 3. Strabismus. 4. Artificial pupil and iridectomy. 5. Cataract. a. Knives, scissors, needles, hooks, forceps, &c. b. Retractors, elevators, trochars, canulas, sounds, &e. 6. Other operations on the eye. 7. Ophthalmoscopes. 136 APPENDIX XXX. Surgical Instruments, 1873. 8. Apparatus for assisting sight and protecting the eyes, inclnding — a. Spectacles, lenses, eye protectors, shades, b. Spray and other douches. B. — Operations on the Ear. Special instruments for 1. Exploration of the aural passages. a. Sounds, catheters, speculums, otoscopes, &c. 2. The conveyance of air or liquid into the tympanic cavity. b. Pneumatic and other syringes, in metal, glass, caoutchouc, &c. 3. The removal of foreign bodies from the meatus. a. Levers, branch forceps, &c. 4. Operations on the membrana tympani. 5. The conduction of sound. a. Including all kinds of acoustic instruments and contrivances, ear cornets, speaking trumpets, &c. C. — Operations on the Nose, Nasal Foss^ and Maxillary Sinus. Special instruments for 1. The removal of polypi. a. Various forceps, porte-ligaturea, serre-nceuds, speculums, rbinoscopes, &c. 2. The removal of extraneous substances. 3. The arrest of haemorrhage from the posterior nares. a. Including all contrivances for plugging the nose. 4. Exploration and injection of the maxillary sinus. a. Including sounds, catheters, &c. 5. Perforation and injection of the maxillary sinus. a. Including drills, antrum syringes, plugs, &c. D. — Operations on the Mouth and Pharntx. Special instruments for 1. Hare lip. 2. Operations on the teeth (dental instruments). 3. Myotomy and ligature of the tongue. 4. Cleft palate and other operations on the roof of the moutli (staphyloraphic instruments). a. Including obturators, cleft and notched needles, palate holders^ porte-sutures, &c. 5. Excision of the uvula and tonsils, 6. Cauterisation and other operations on the pharynx. 7 Salivary fistula. E. Operations on the Throat and Respiratory Organs. Instruments for 1. Tracheotomy and laryngotomy. Including tracheotomes, springs and tubes, &c. 2. The removal of foreign bodies from the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. 3. Paracentesis thoracis (empyema) aspirators. APPENDIX XXX. 137 4. Various purposes. a. Including inhalers for the administration of chloroform, ether, nitrous oxide, and other medicinal vapours. h. Instruments used to restore suspended animation, c. Respirators in all materials. 5. Physical examination of the chest. a. Instruments for auscultation, percussion and admeasurement of the chest ; stethoscopes and pleximeters in all materials ; spirometers, stethometers, &c. F. — Operations on the Abdominal Walls and Alimentary Canal. Special instruments for 1. Stricture and other morbid states of the oesophagus, the removal of foreign bodies, &c. a. Including oesophagal bougies and probangs in elastic gum and other materials, cesophagotomes, gullet-forceps, &c. 2. The introduction and withdrawal of fluids from the stomach; the removal of poison, &c. a. The stomach pump and its appendages ; enema syringes, &c. 3. The formation and maintenance of artificial anus. a. Enterotomes ; porte-sutures, &c. 4. Prolapsus ani. a. All kinds of rectum-plugs in metal, elastic gum, &c. 5. Fistula, fissures, and vegetations in ano. a. Fistula knives, directors, &c. h. Porte-ligatures. 6. Hernia. a. Instruments for its radical cure. h. Trusses, and other artificial means of Support. 7. Paracentesis abdominis. 8. Physical examination of the rectum. a. Various speculums. G. — Operations on the Genito-Urinary System in the Male. Instruments for 1. Lithotomy. a. Including lithotomes, gorgets, staffs, forceps, scoops, &c. 2. Lithotrity. a. Lithotrites. h. Syringes, endoscopes, and instruments to inject and explore the bladder. c. Dilators, sliding-scoops, and apparatus to remove calculi impacted in the urethra. Instruments for lithectasy, &c. 3. Urinary fistula. a. Including all urethroplastic instruments, urethrotomes, Ac. for recto-urethral, perineal, and recto-vesical fistuael. 4. Stricture, prostatic and vesical disease, and retention of urine. a. Every variety of catheter, bougie, sound, porte-caustique, and urinal ; trocars for puncture of the bladder. Surgical Instruments, 1873. 138 APPENDIX XXX. Sorgical Instruments, 1873. 5. Phimosis. a. Apparatus employed by Jews. b. By the medical profession. 6. Hydrocele. 7. Varicocele. a. Including instruments for obliteration of the spermatic veins, as well as those for simple support; suspensory, and other bandages, scrotal rings, &c. H. — Operations on the Genito-Urinary System in the Female. Instruments for 1. Exploration. a. Including speculums in all materials, sounds, dilators, &c. 2. Operations on the uterus, vagina, and cervix uteri. a. Hysterotomes ; uterine scissors and dressing forceps (curved and straight), porte caustiques, &c. 3. Polypus uteri. a. Vulsellum and other forceps, porte-ligatures, serre-nceuds, &c. 4. Prolapsus and procidentia uteri. a. Including pessaries, bandages, and artificial supports of all kinds. 5. Vesico-vaginal fistula, and recto-vaginal fistula. a. New instruments, urinary receptacles, &c. 6. Obstetrical purposes. a. Including all midwifery instruments. 7. Ovariotomy. I. — Operations on the Extremities. Special instruments for 1. Amputations. a. Atthj (portable) and hospital cases, bullet probes, bullet forceps, &c. 2. The adjustment of fractures. a. Including splints, inclined planes, pads, slings, and bandages in all materials. 3. The reduction of dislocations. a. Pulleys, rings, staples, &c. K. — Operations on the Osseous System. Special instruments for 1. Trepanning. 2. Resection and exarticulation. 3. The extraction of sequestra, the removal of caries, «fec. 4. Keeping diseased joints at rest. L. — Operations on the Vascular System. Instruments for I. Venaesection. a. Cupping instruments, lancets, leech tubes, &c. APPENDIX XXX. 139 2. The control of hoemorrhage. a. Tourniquets, compressors, torsion forceps, &c. 3. Transfusion. 4. Aneurism. By ligature, a. Aneurism needles, porte- ligatures, &c. By compression, b. Various compressors. 5. Nsevus. a. Needles, porte-aiguilles, &c. 6. Varices. a. Including elastic bandages, stockings, anclets, &c. 7. Sub-cutaneous injection. M. — Autoplastic and Orthopedic Operations. Special instruments for 1. The various taliacotian processes. a. Rhinoplasty. h. Cheiloplasty, &c. 2. Tenotomy, myotomy, and osteotomy. a. Including long-bladed knives or saws for the sub-cutaneous division of muscles, tendons, fascise, and bones. 3. Mechanical compensation for lost parts. a. Artificial eyes, noses, ears, chins, palates, teeth, hands, arms, legs, &c. 4. Orthopaedic processes. a. Including all orthopaedic apparatus, back and leg boards and irons, stays, belts, supports, suspenders, boots, shoes for the cure of bunions. N. — Dressing Instruments. a. Surgeons' pocket cases, and their usual contents; spring bistouries, tenaculums, scalpels, scissors, forceps, spatula;, probes, and directors ; needles, ligature-silks, antiseptic- ligatures, &c. O. — Miscellaneous Philosophical Apparatus applied to the Investi- gation AND Treatment of Disease. a. Microscopes, laryngoscopes, sphygmographs, endoscopes, and lenses ; urinometers and thermometers ; volta-electric appa- ratus, galvanic cautery ; various illuminating speculums ; instruments in india-rubber for the application of cold ; water-cushions for the reception of fluids of any tempera- ment ; spongio-piline ; patent lint ; plasters ; collodion ; antiseptic dressings and apparatus ; nipple-shields ; breast- pumps, &c. 1*. — Surgical Tables, Beds, Couches, Mattresses, Chairs, Cradles, Rests, Surgical Apparatus applied to Military Purposes, Ac. Q Post-mortem and Dissecting Instruments, with Instruments and Fluids for Embalment. Surgical Instruments, 1873. R. — Instruments applied to Veterinary Purposes. 140 APPENDIX XXX. Surgical Instruments, 1873. The surgical instruments and appliances were arranged in glass cases in the small theatre over the west entrance to the Royal Albert HaU. Eighty exhibitors contributed specimens of their manufactures, or selections from their collections, and prominent among these were the loan collections lent by the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of Surgeons, the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of England, University College, the Royal University of Berlin, the Uni- versity of Marburg, the Japanese Government, the Russian Government, the Royal Commissioners, &c., &c. Reproductions of the famous bronze surgical instruments disinterred from Pompeii had been made specially for the Exhibition by Signor A. Castellani of Rome, and the instruments of celebrated English sur- geons, Liston, Abernethy, Dr. Chamberlen, ^c, were added to the col- lection, to illustrate the history and progress of the manufactures, as well as for purposes of comparison with the most modern instruments made. G. E. Grover, Captain, R.E. APPENDIX XXXI. Carriages, 1873. Cabmages. Class XI., 1873. The Committee which acted for this class consisted of the following noblemen and gentlemen : — The Duke of Beaufort, K.G. The Marquis of Downshire. Earl Poulett. Viscount Valentia. Lord Carington. Lord Francis Gordon Lennox. Lord Arthur Somerset. Captain H. Candy. Captain W. Chaine. Colonel H. Dickson. Captain J. Harrison. Joseph Holland, Esq, H. M. Holmes, Esq. G. N. Hooper, Esq. Christobal de Murrieta, Esq. J. W. Peters, Esq. Thomas R. Stacey, Esq. Committee appointed by the Worshipful Company of Coachmakers to confer and co-operate with H. M. Commissioners. H. M. Holmes, Esq. John Holland, Esq. G. N. Hooper, Esq. G. Edwards, Esq. J. W. Peters, Esq. Joseph Peters, Esq. W. T. Thorn, Esq. Professor A. Voelcker, Ph.D., F.R.S. J F. Woodall, Esq. G. A. Thrupp, Esq. APPENDIX XXXI. 141 The following special rules were issued : — I. Carriages of all kinds will be exhibited, i.e., omnibuses, cabs, carriages for the public service (not including military carriages, which will be exhibited in 1878), waggons, carts, barrows, &c., as well as the raw material, machinery, and processes used in their production. II. Producers engaged in the various trades, such as the following, connected with the manufacture of carriages, may submit specimens of the particular work in which they are engaged. Carriages, 187a. Bath and invalid chair manufacturers. Cab builders. Carriage draughtsmen and designers. Coach and axletree makers. Coach body and carriage makers. Coach body makers and benders. Coach bolt and screw and nail makers. Coach leather japanners and morocco dressers. Coach lace and fringe makers. Coach platers and beadlers. Coach trimmers and silk manufacturers. Coach and carriage lamp makers. Coach interior fitting makers. Coach spring makers. Coach draughtsmen and lithographers and photographers. Coach herald painters and monogram de- signers. Coach spring-curtain barrel makers. Coach varnish and japan makers. Coach carvers. Coach iron and steel manufacturers. Coach ivory workers. Coach model makers. Coach plate glass manufacturers. Coach joiners. ^ a . rCoach makers' silk manufacturers. §•"§ o _ I Coach makers' cloth manufacturers. ' § ^{5 2 J Coach makers' carpet manufacturers. fe^ t.'S 1 Coach makers' reps manufacturers. mosS a Coach makers' floorcloth manufac- ■** L turers. Coach painters and paint and colour manu- facturers. Coach smiths. Coach wheelwrights and invalid carriage makers. Morocco leather dressers. Omnibus builders. Perambulator makers. Velocipede makers. Coach joiners and blind makers III. Her Majesty's Commissioners are particularly desirous of obtaining, if not specimens, at least models or drawings of such carriages as are peculiar to certain countries, such as the hackory and ekka of India, sledges, post carriages, and others. IV. It is hoped that all countries will voluntarily contribute collections of this nature, but Her Majesty's Commissioners will be prepared to consider the purchase of objects from such localities as are not likely to undertake their own representation officially, provided that an estimate is first sent to the Commis- sioners, and a definite amount authorised by them. / So numerous were the applications to exhibit, which were received in reply to the circulars sent out to the Coachbuilding Trade in the United Kingdom, that when the Committee held their first meeting on the 23rd November 1872, it was even then evident that the available space would not accommodate all the carriages, &c. proposed for exhibition. The Committee therefore requested all intending exhibitors to send in their applications without delay, in order that it might be ascertained, at least approximately, what amount of extra space it would be neces- sary to provide. It was not, however, until the 5th February 1873 that, the application list being closed, the Committee were able to take the space question again into consideration. They then resolved that two carriages should be the maximum number to be shown free of cost by one exhibitor, and that every exhibitor desiring to exhibit more than two carriages should pay to H.M.'s Commissioners the sum of 10^. for every carriage above that number. By this means a fund was provided 142 APPENDIX XXXT. Carriages, 1873. which enabled H.M.'s Commissioners to enclose the Eastern Arcade, and thus to provide space sufficient to accommodate all the carriages which had been proposed for exhibition. This class was rendered more interesting than usual by the offer of prizes made by the Society of Arts for improved cabs. To compete for these prizes 16 cabs were exhibited, of which 11 were Hansom, and five were fourwheel cabs. The Committee appointed by the Society of Arts to award the prizes, after holding several meetings, awarded no first prize, but divided the total sum offt-red between three competitors. His Grace the Duke of Beaufort, K.G., actively presided over the labours of the Committee. The practical result of this exhibition has been the introduction of one or more new cabs into London, and considerable improvements in the usual vehicles, specially Hansoms. The Coachmaker's Company took considerable interest in the exhi- bition, and at an early date appointed a Committee to assist H.M.'s Com- missioners. They also voted a sum of 501. towards meeting the expenses of obtaining a representative collection of photographs, both of ancient and modern carriages from all parts of the world. Owing to the exertions of British Ambassadors and Consuls abroad, a very interesting collection of photographs was obtained, which has since been transferred to the Hall of the Coachmaker's Company. The class necessarily occupied a large amount of space, being arranged in the Eastern Arcade, the French Annexe,* Rooms XXI. and XXII., South Galleries, South Corridor, and the Refreshment Vestibule. The carriages were received at three entrances, and were placed in position without trouble, although nearly the whole number was received in one day. The Vienna Exhibition interfered somewhat with the inter- national character of the class, as will be seen from the following table of exhibitors : — - - — — — — — — — 10 10 Materials, parts, and furniture, drawings. 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 31 44 &c. Carriages . . _ . — — — 4 1 2 — — 104 111 2 1 2 7 1 5 1 1 145 165 E. G. Clayton, Capt., R.E. * France declined to exhibit in 1873, being engaged at the Vienna Exhibition, but kindly placed its space at the disposal of Her Majesty's Commissionerg. APPENDIX XXXII. 143 APPENDIX XXXII. Eoor. Class X., 1873. This class, " substances used as food'^ was exhibited in the east and west upper quadrants. The machinery relating to it was shown in operation in the west gallery ground floor, and implements for eating and drinking were in the ground floor of the east gallery. Five large Committees of noblemen and gentlemen were asked to assist in making the collections as perfect and complete as possible. The Committee for agricultural products and manurial substances used in cultivation consisted of — Food, 1873. The Viscount Portman. The Lord Vernon. The Hon. E. K. Coke. James Buckman, Esq. W. Clearson, Esq. John Coleman, Esq. John Dent Dent, Esq. Dr. Gilbert. Dr. Robert Hogg. C. Wren Hoskyns, Esq., M.P. J. Bennett Lawes, Esq. James Mason, Esq. J. C. Morton, Esq. Professor A. Voelcker, Ph.D., F.R.S. W. Wells, Esq., M.P. G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S. Edward Wilson, Esq. J. A. Youl, Esq. The Committee for " grocery, drysaltery, and preparations of food,'* consisted of — The Earl of Leicester. Lord A. Churchill. Lord de L'Isle and Dudley. The Lord Vernon. The Right Hon. Henry A. Bruce, M.P. The Hon. E. K. Coke. Sir C. Nicholson, Bart. Sir W. H. Bodkin. Sir Antonio Brady. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. H. Ancell, Esq. Professor Bentley. Phillips Bevan, Esq. Dr. Blakiston. T. F. Blackwell, Esq., Jun. J. S. Budgett, Esq. Dr. A. Campbell. Hyde Clarke, Esq. J. J. Colman, Esq., M.P. Sedgwick S. Cowpor, Esq. R. M. Curtis, Esq. E. G. Davenport, Esq. J. Duncan, Esq. Rev. J. E. Hall. Reginald Hanson, Esq. William Hawes, Esq., F.R.S. T. Hicks, Esq. C. Wren Hoskyns, Esq., M.P. E. W. Earner, Esq. Frederick Machin, Esq. J. J. Manley, Esq. D. Martiueau, Esq. W. H. Michael, Esq. G. Moftatt, Esq. J. C. Morton, Esq. E. C. Nicholson, Esq. W. J. Palmer, Esq. H. W. Peek, Esq., M.P. Dr. Pitman. C. S. Read, Esq., M.P. W. Reed, Esq. S. Redgrave, Esq. F. W. Rowsell, Esq. E. B. Saville, Esq. Benjamin Shaw, Esq. A. Steains, Esq. P. L. Simmonds, Esq. Charles Southwell, Esq. J. Taylor, Esq. Seymour Teulon, Esq. E. C. Tufnell, Esq. J. T. Ware, Esq. J. Forbes Watson, Esq., M.A., M.D. Edward Wilson, Esq. G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S. G. W. Yapp, Esq. J. A. Youl, Esq. This Committee was appointed by the Society of Arts, and P. Le Neve Foster, Esq., acted as the secretary. 144 APPENDIX XXXII. Food, 1873. The Committee for " implements of all kinds for drinking and for the use of tobacco, consisted of, — Fish. Agricultural Products. Grocery, &c. Sir William Drake. W. Bragge, Esq. C. Minton Campbell, Esq. A. S. Cole, Esq. J. G. Grace, Esq. Henry Durlacher, Esq. T. Dyer Edwardes, Esq. J. Evans, F.R.S., F.S.A. C. Drury Fortnum, Esq. A. W, Franks, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. J. Dunn Gardner, Esq. F. W. Moodv, Esq. R. H. Soden'Smith. Esq., F.S.A. R. A. Thompson, Esq. Dr. Thudicum. T. M. Whitehead, Esq. This Committee acted also for ancient objects generally. A fish museum had existed in the south-west galleries ever since the commencement of the Exhibition, and the opportunit}'- was taken of making this more interesting from the "food" point of view, and a special Committee for fish m connexion with food, was invited to give assistance ; the members were — The Marquis of Exeter. The Earl Nelson. The Vicount Kirkaldie. The Lord Saltoun. The Lord Abinger. Frank Buckland, Esq. J. W. Willis Bund, Esq. Charles Hambro', Esq., M.P. P. Hood, Esq., M.D. T. R. Sachs, Esq. F. Wiseman, Esq. Henry Wright, Esq. Her Majest)''s Commissioners voted the sum of 501. towards providing aquaria for showing edible fish, and Mr. Frank Buckland succeeded in adding considerably to the attractions of the museum. The Rules which were issued to the trade contained the following special clauses : — Class XII. is divided into the following sections, and producers of substances used as food, or of machinery connected with its production, may submit specimens for exhibition, or exhibit processes in operation : — Section a. — Agricultural Products. Raw Material. Corn dealers. Refuse products from seeds, i.e., linseed cake, rape cake, palm-nut, meal. Roots as substitutes for food, as yams, arti- chokes, &c.; cryptogamic plants, fungi as food, sea-weeds, &c. Hop merchants. Market gardeners. Materials used for manure. Orange merchants. Salesmen of artificial food. Salesmen of condimental food. Salesmen of fruit. Salesmen of potatoes. Salesmen of butter. Salesmen of watercresses. Seed merchants. Seedsmen (to supply the weights with seeds as well as price). Subsection b. — Grocery, Drysaltkry, and Preparations of Food. Arrowroot dealers. Bacon driers. Baking powder makers. Biscuit makers. Bread and milk flour manufacturers. Buttermen. Cheesemongers (wholesale only). Chocolate and cocoa manufacturers. Cochineal merchants. Material. Cocoa-butter manufacturers. Cocoa merchants. Cocoa nut merchants. CoiFee dealers (wh ilesale only). Coffee essence manufacturers. Coffee finings manufacturers. Coffee growers. Coffee roasters. Confectioners (wholesal* only). APPENDIX XXXII. l45 Corn flour manufacturers. Drysalters. Fish curers. Ginger bleachers. Groat manufacturers. Grocers (wholesale only). Ham and tongue dealers. Ice merchants. Isinglass importers. Italian warehousemen. Lime juice merchants. Maccaroni importers. Mustard manufacturers. Pearl barley producers. Pickle makers. Preserved provision merchants. Provision merchants (for sago, tapioca, semo- lina, vanilla, truffles, pickles, jam, &c.). Rice merchants. Sauce makers. Ship- biscuit bakers. Soda merchants. Spice merchants. Tea dealers (wholesale only). Vinegar makers. Food, 1873. Machinery. Machinery. Chocolate and cocoa manufacturers' machine makers. Cheese press makers. Churn makers. Coffee roaster makers. Freezing machine makers. Grocers' machinists. Ice mould makers. Ice pail makers. Meat safe makers. Orange peel cutters' tool makers. Refrigerator manufacturers. Sugar refiners. Millers' machinery makers. Process. Bakers. Baking powder makers. Biscuit bakers. Bread and milk flour manufacturers. Buttermen. Cheese makers. Cocoa-butter manufacturers. Coffee essence manufacturers. Coffee finings manufacturers. Cotfee roasters. Confectioners (wholesale only). Corn flour manufacturers. Freezing machine makers. Ginger bleachers. Groat manufacturers. Lard refiners. Orange peel cutters. Rice cleaners. Ship-biscuit bakers. Sugar refiners. Vinegar makers. Food processes. Subsection c. — Wine, Spirits, Beer, and other Drinks, and Tobacco. Material. Wine, Beer, &c., Tobacco. Brewers. Brewers' druggists. Brewers' pure malt saccharine manufacturers. British wine manufacturers. Capillaire, wine and spirit colouring makers. Capsule makers. Cigar importers. Cork makers. Dantzic spruce importers. Distillers. Fruit syrup manufacturers. Maltsters. Snuff manufacturers. Soda water and ginger beer manufacturers. Spirits of wine manufacturers. Tobacco merchants. Tobacco manufacturers. Whiskey merchants. Wine bin manufacturers. Wine cooler makers. Wine fining makers. Wine merchants (wholesale and retail). Machinery. Beer engine makers. Brewers' machinery makers. Brewers' pure malt saccharine manufacturers' machinery. British wine manufacturers' machinei'y. Cider press makers. Distillers' machinery. Malt roaster makers. Malt whiskey distillers' machinery. Soda water and ginger beer manufacturerg machinery. Soda water engine and machine manufac- turers. Process. Brewers. Brewers' pure malt saccharine manufacturers. British wine manufacturers. Capsule makers. Cider and perry merchants. Cigar, British and Foreign, manufacturers. Distillers. Fruit syrup manufacturers. 3584L Malt whiskey distillers. Rectifiers. Snuff manufacturers. Soda water and ginger beer manufacturers. Spirits of wine manufacturers. Tobacco manufacturers. Wine fining makers. Wine growers. 146 APPENDIX XXXll. Food, 1878. Implements for drinking. Agricultural products. Grocery, &c. Subsection d. — Implements of all Kinds for Drinkino.* \_These toill be limited to specimens exhibited for peculiarity of shape or suitability to different kinds of drinks. As mere glass or metal manufactures, they do not come under this section, but will form classes in 1874, 1876, and 1878] AND Implements for the Use of Tobacco. glass makers of novel imple- China and ments. Cigar box makers. Cigar ease makers. Electro plate manufacturers. Goldsmiths. Match and fusee makers. Meerschaum pipe makers. Pewteiers. Silversmiths. Snuff-box makers. Tobacco pipe makers. In section a, i.e., agricultural products, the collection exhibited was a small, but interesting one ; the number of exhibitors were as follows : — Great Britain - - 15 Algeria - - 1 Russia - - - 5 Belgium - - 1 Denmark - - - 2 America - - 1 France - - - 1 Italy - - 1 Tliese objects constituted section B., i.e. — Grocery, drysaltery, and preparations of Food. — Great efforts were made by the Society of Arts Committee to bring together as good a show as possible. On behalf of the South Kensington Museum Dr. Frankland, with Mr. J. Bell, made a collection of teas, coffees, chicory, cocoa, flour, oatmeal, farinaceous foods, peppers, cayenne, spices, mustard, preserves, honey, potted meats, calf's-foot jelly, pickles, milk, butter, confectionery, lime juice and lemon juice, beer, whiskey, brandy, rum, gin, wines, vinegars, tobacco, pure, prepared, and adulterated. Illustrations of the ingredients contained in the water supplied to London from the Rivers Thames and Lea, and from deep wells in the chalk at Deptford. Ingre- dients contained in the water from Loch Katrine. Ingredients con- tained in the water supplied to Balmoral Castle from the Rabate foun- tain were also shown by these gentlemen. The number of exhibitors in section B were as follows: — Great Britain - - 140) - 3) Denmark - 6 Australia Belgium - 4 France - 27) - 2j Italy - 2 Algeria Spain - 2 Russia - 25 America - 1 Norway and Sweden- 14 Special pains were taken to procure the exhibition of machinery con- nected with food, and Mr. E. J. Craigie, who assisted in the class of food generally, was employed for several months in getting together a col- lection of machines and processes to be worked in the galleries. The smaller apparatus and processes were exhibited in the east and * These are limited to vessels which are put to the mouth, and do not include jugs, decanters, bottles, &c. APPENDIX XXXIL 147 west quadrants, whilst the larger machines were in the west lower gallery. These rooms presented a busy secne. Machines for making confectionery were shown in operation by three exhibitors. Aerated water making and bottling was shown by four exhibitors. Processes for making preserves were shown by two exhibitors. The manufacture of mustard by machinery was ^hown by one exhibitor. Meat preserving was exhibited by one firm, and one exhibitor showed the operation of roasting coffee. An Italian firm exhibited in a very complete manner the manufacture of macaroni. All these machines and processes were a source of considerable attraction to visitors, and especially interested the Shah of Persia on his visit to the Exhibiton. Special arrangements were made with the refreshment contractors to procure for the public the privilege of tasting preparations of food manufactured in the building. On the recommendation of the com- mittee for wine, spirits, beer, and other drinks, and tobacco, an endeavour was made to arrive at an arrangement between exhibitors and the refreshment contractors to enable the public to taste wine, &c. exhibited in the building, but the contractors, who had the sole right of providing the visiting public with refreshments, did not find it their interest to offer terms which were in any case accepted by exhibitors of wine, &c. The rights of the contractors did not extend to tobacco, so that visitors were able to purchase pipes, cigars or cigarettes, which were made in the Exhibition. In this section the number of exhibitors was as follows: — Food, 1873. Great Britain - Australia - France Algeria Norway and Sweden Belgium - Russia Germany - 53 8 16 ]0 8 6 Austria - Italy Denmark Holland - Snain Portugal Switzerland 6 5 5 3 2 1 2 Two exhibitors showed the process of making pipes. Two made ci'-arettes, and one firm exhibited the manufacture of cigars and tobacco. "in the fourth section of the food class, i.e. — " Implements of all kinds for drinking, and tobacco.'" — Objects, modern implements for and ancient, were exhibited in almost every material, skin, leather, ^Siccof ^'^ wood earthenware, china, and metal. Collections of characteristic im- plements were purchased by Her Majesty's Commissioners from Den- mark, Algeria, Switzerland, Austria, Hungaiy, Italy, Germany, Greece, France and America. The Indian Government made an interesting show of hukahs and pipes in the Indian court. The authorities of the K 2 148 APPENDIX XXXIII. Food, 1873. South Kensington Museum sent a fine collection of old pipes, German, French, and Italian, and several private owners lent collections, ainong which that of Mr. W. Bragge Avas very remarkable, being a complete collection of all kinds of pipes, tobacco graters, snuff boxes and pouches from every country. There was also a small show of modern drinking implements contributed by manufacturers. The total number of ex- hibitors in this section was 128. (Signed) H. H. Cole, Lieut. RE. APPENDIX XXXIII. Cooking and its Science," 1873. Cooking and its Science. Glass XIII., 1873. The Committee for this -class consisted of : Hon. F. Leveson Gower, M.P., Chairman. F. B. Alston, Esq. James Bateman, Esq., F.R.S. Dr. George Birdwood, M.D. Colonel Browne, C.B., R.E. Major Du Cane, C.B., RE. Captain Home, R.E. Major- General Lysons, C.B. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., M.P.,F.RS. Victor C. de Rivaz, Esq. Dr. Smith, F.R.S. W. Follett Synge, Esq. Dr. Thudicum. Pi'ofessor Voelcker. Captain F. Warren, RN. Major Webber, R.E. E. Wilson, Esq. Various sub-committees were formed, i.e., for cooking apparatus, for the school of cookery, and for novelties in cooking, but the most attention was directed to the school of cookery, and to the exhibition of cooking ranges and appliances. The Sub-committee for the School of Cookery held between 8th February and June 16th 15 meetings. The difficulties which presented themselves were numerous, and many plans had to be discussed before any practical conclusions could be arrived at. The principle adopted from the first was that there should be demonstrations in the school of cooking suited to the wants of the working and middle classes. The Committee first determined to engage the services of a professional man cook, and several meetings were held to examine testimonials, and see the various candidates. An early problem lay in the compilation of a list of the sort of dishes the cooking of which should be demonstrated. Soon after M. de Rivaz, one of the members of the Committee, drew up a number of recipes, which were printed in the form of a small pamphlet. APPENDIX XXXIIT. 149 The following is a list of books, »fec. from which the recipes wer Cooking and its 1,1 Science, 1873. selected : — 1 " The English Art of Cookery," by Richard Briggs ; London : G. G. & J. Robinson, 1794. 3 " The Cook's Oracle," (Dr. Kitchener) ; Edinburgh : Constable & Co., 1822. 7 " The Book of Household Management," by Mrs. Beeton ; London : S. O. Beeton, 248, Strand, 1861. 11 "The Modern Housewife, or Menage re," by Alexis Soyer ; London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., 1861. 4 " The Cook and Housewife's Manual," bv Mrs. Margaret Dods ; Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd ; London : Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., 1862. 9 " Cre-Fydd's Family Fare;" London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., 1864. " The Cooks' Guide/' by Charles Ehue Francatelli ; London : Richard Beiitley, 1865. 1 Receipts collected by Lady Harriet St. Clair; Loudon : Ed- monston & Douglas, 1866. 12 "Modern Cookery," by Eliza Acton; London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, 1868. 8 " The Royal Cookery Book," by Jules Gouff^ translated by Alphonse Gouffd ; London : Sampson, Low, Son, & Mars- ton, 1869. 3 "The New Cookery Book," by Anne Bowman; London: George Routledge & Co., 1869. 11 " Warne's Model Cookery," compiled and edited by Mary Jewry ; London : Frederick Warne & Co. 1 Recipes for cooking Australian meat, by a Cook ; London : Chapman & Hall, 1872. 19 " Round the Table," by "The G. C. ;" London : Horace Cox, 346, Srand, 1872. 36 Recipes in "The Queen" Newspaper. 5 Lolato. 2 Homely Cookery. Total 140 recipes. At a meeting of the Committee, held on the 5th June, it was arranged to modify some of the recipes in the printed book, and to print th.e modifications and additions on fly leaves, which could be distributed at the lectures. In considering the kind of ranges and cooking utensils which should bo used in the lecture room, the Committee were inclined to use only the most simple and econoiuical kinds ; but when the practical question came of 150 APPENDIX XXXIII. Cooking and its finding the most suitable apparatus for the purposes of demonstration in 1873, ' a large lectui'e room, it was found necessary to use some apparatus of a rather more ambitious nature than that ordinarily used by the middle classes. After the engagement of a liead cook a number of cooks and kitchen maids were employed to carry out the cooking operations under his instructions. Two members of the Committee were appointed to take it in turns to attend each public lecture. After the opening of the Exhibition it became necessary to reduce the expenses of the School, and the services of the head cook were dispensed with, those of a female cook being engaged instead. Cooking apparatus of all kinds, from the smallest cottage cooking stoves to the largest kitcheners, were exljibited in the south gallery, Room XXIII. , and this section of the cooking class acquired much increased importance and interest from the high price of fuel, a topic then creating serious discussion as a national question. There were some 85 British exhibitors of different kinds of cooking apparatus ; out of these 28 contributed domestic apparatus, five appa- ratus for cooking in the army, and two apparatus for cooking in the navy. These exhibitors contributed Swedish cooking apparatus, and one American stoves. Afier the Committee had approved of the plan for laying out the iron shed on the east side as a lecture room and school of cookery, the works were put in hand under the direction of Captain Grover, and on the 2nd April were sufficiently advanced to enable an experimental demonstration to be made before the Committee. Mr. Buckmaster, who had been engaged as lecturer on this occasion, gave verbal explanations of what the cooks prepared, and continued to be the lecturer until the close of the Exhibition. The programme of the lectures and demonstrations varied every week, and was announced in the Exhibition daily. The public were admitted to each lecture on payment of Gd. A reserved seat, with privilege of tasting, was to be had for an additional 6cZ. After the school had been in operation some time on the demonstration of artizan and middle-class cooking, the Committee expressed a desire to reserve one day in the week for high-class cooking, and accordingly in June it was arranged to have lectures on high-class cooking every "Wednesday. Owing to the interest taken in the Exhibition by H.I.H. the Crown Prince of Prussia, two Serjeants of the German army were sent to the Exhibition to show the process of camp cooking as practised in the army ; the demonstrations were given at the conclusion of each lecture on popular cookery, and preceded by a short description from Mr. Buckmaster. H. H. Cole, Lieut. RE. Lectures on cookery German mili- tary cooking. APPENDIX XXXIV. 151 APPENDIX XXXIV. Machinery, 1873. Machinery. 1873. Pri'me Movers. — On a review of the machines and processes requiring motive power during the Exhibition of 1873, it was found that but five prime movers would be required to work the main shafting in the five west machinery galleries. The east annexe, between the main buildings and Exhibition Road, was this year assigned to the " School of Popular Cookery " ; and obviously the manufacture of steel, or surgical instruments, or carriages, could hardly be carried out in instructive publicity. Thus silk, food, and scientific inventions, formed the staple subjects of exhibited processes and m-^chinery. These were all displayed in the five west ground floor rooms ; and motive power was supplied, as heretofore, by five small engines in the glass engine houses built as lean tos to the main galleries. Access was this year made possible from the galleries to the engine-rooms, by the removal of the intervening windows and walls beneath, so that a convenient doorway was formed between each engine room and the machinery gallery it served. Silk Processes and Machinery. — The entire process of rearing silk- Silk, worms was shown in a detached house, or " Magnanerie," near the JN.W. door of No. 1 room ; and this room contained many machines, exhibited in motion, for silk -reeling from cocoons, and for the subsequent processes of throwing, 'cleaning, doubling, and spinning. It was impossible to show the process of silk-dyeing in the Exhibition; but there were several looms in this No. 1 room, illustrating the final operation of weaving. Food Machinery. — The machinery and processes connected with the Food, preparation of food (Class XII.) occupied rooms II., III., and IV. They comprised many curious methods of manufacturing sundry articles of food and drink (e.g., confectionery, coffee-roasting, aerated waters, marma- lade, flour disintegration, macaroni, cooking of Australian preserved meats, &;c. &c.) which were easily provided for, from the motive-power point of view, since they required comparatively little force for their machines. Scientific Inventions. — The Scientific Inventions (of Class 14), which Scientific required motive power, were placed in the room No. 5, the southernmost of the west machinery galleries. Many of them required considerable power, such as the diamond rock-buring machinery, stone-breaking machines, the Tilghman pmcess of grinding glass, &c. by air blast, the Wyon medal-striking press, and the printing machine which produced the daily ' Key," containing all the Exhibition news and programmes. G. E. Grovee, Captain R.E. 152 APPENDIX XXXV. APPENDIX XXXV. Scientific Inventions, 1873. Scientific Inventions. (Division III., Class XIV.) The Committee for this 3'ear were as follows : — John Hick, Esq., M.P. 1873. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.R.S. J. Anderson, Esq., LL.D , F.R.S. C. F. Beyer, Esq. Major Frank Bolton. F. J. Brain well, Esq. Captain Hans Busk. Captain Colorab, R.N. Major W. Crossman, R.E. Major Donnelly, R.E. Major E. F. Du Cane, C.B. Sir W. Fairbairn, Bart., LL.D., F.R.S. Professor E. Frankland, D.C.L,, F.R.a Professor T. M. Goodeve, M.A. Major-General Harness, C.B. J. Norman Lockyer, Esq., F.R.S. John Penn, Esq, F.R.S. Dr. D. S. Price. John Ramsbottom, Esq. Professor Roscoe, F.R.S. C. W. Siemens, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. T. Sopwith, Esq., M A., F.R.S. Lt.-Colonel A. Strange, F.R.S. Professor J. Tyn.lall, LL.D., F.R.S. C. B. Vignoh s, Esq., F.R.S. Sir Charles Wheatstone, D.C.L., F.R.S. The large machines and processes of the " scientific inventions " class in the Exhibition of 1873, were placed in No. 5 room of the west machinery galleries, where motive p^wer was conveniently supplied by one of the prime movers in the engine-house built adjoining to the gallery. Considerable power was necessary for some of these machines, notably the diamond rock-boring machine, stone-breaking machinery, Tilghman's sand blast engraving process, Wyon's medal-striking press, Johnson and Sons' printing machinery, &c. &c., but the smaller machines and models were placed in the two south rooms of the Royal Albert Hall (usually termed "crush rooms") near the south entrance from the conservatory. Since the class purported to consist solely of objects whose excellence and novelty would be considered by the Committee to be so great as to render it undesirable that their introduction to the public should be delayed until the proper year for their exhibition in a class of industrial manufactures, its exhibits were chosen with difficulty. Many unaccepted inventors were naturally disaj)pointed, and the result was not often impressive. Yet the practical usefulness of the class was undeniable, and the many practical illustrations of useful discoveries and inventions shown in the Exhibition of 1871 naturally detracted from the number and importance of objects displayed in the same class in subsequent APPENDIX XXXV. 153 years of the International Exhibitions. Twelve months constitute a very short interval in the progress of modern invention and discovery. On the 27th May 1873, the annual conversazione of the President of the Institution of Civil Engineers was, as in the last year, held in the west galleries of the Exhibition buildings, and again some models and objects from the scientific inventions court were temporarily transferred for the occasion to the galleries thrown open to visitors. The council's annual report,* in complimenting upon " the brilliant meeting with " which the session terminated," remarks that "■ many of the more im- " portant articles were transferred from the scientific inventions court, " and a few models, — interesting though not numerous, — were specially *' contributed. The exhibitors of the machines and mechanical processes " were entirely imbued with the spirit of the entertainment, demon- " strating and explaining the details of their work ; and their efforts " were effectively supplemented by various members of the Institution. " The arrangements were all that could be desired." G. E. Grover, Capt. RE. Scientific Inventions, 1873. APPENDIX XXXVI. Lace, Ancient and Modehn. Class VIII. , 1874. The Commissioners issued the following general rules for representation of this class : — 1. Under the class of lace to be represented at the London Inter- national Exhibition of 1 874, it is the desire of Her Majesty's Commis- sioners to secure collections of both modern and ancient workmanship, in order that the public, as well as those professionally interested in the subject, may have the means of studying the history of the art. The formation of the modern collections, and especially those illustratincc manufactures, will be dealt with under the advipe of a committee of the following gentlemen, with power to recommend additions to their number : — A. C. Biddle, Esq. R. Birkin, Esq. John Brown, Esq. John Hunt Gosling, Esq. J. Hartshorn, Esq. Mr. Alderm§,n Stone. 2. The class of lace is held to comprise — a. Pillow lace, the article or fabric being wholly made by hand (known as Valenciennes, Mechlin, Honiton, Buckingham) ; or Guipure, made by the crochet needle ; and silk lace, called Lace, Ancient and Modern, 1874. ♦ Proceedings lust. C.E., vol. xxxvi., p. 255 ; vol. xxxvii., p. 184. 154 APPENDIX XXXVI. Laoe, Ancient and Modem, 1874. Committee for ancient lace. "blonde" when white, and Puy, Grammont, Normandy, and Black Buckingham, when black. b. Lace, needle-made ; Brussels (Point Gaze), and Point d'Alenfon, the ground and flowers of which are entirely worked by the needle. c. Lace, the ground being machine-wrought, the ornamentation made on the pillow, and afterwards applied to the ground (known as Brussels, Honiton, or Appliquee lace). d. Machine-made nets and quillings, wholly plain, whether warp or bobbin (known as bobbin net, tulles, blondes. Cambric, Mechlins, MaHnes, Brussels, Alenyon, &;c.). e. Lace, the ground being wholly made by machine, partly orna- mented by machine and partly by hand, or wholly ornamented by hand, whether tamboured, needle- embroidered, or darned. /. Lace, actually wrought and ornamented by machinery, com- prising trimming, laces of every description, veils, falls, scarfs, shawls, lappets, curtains, &;c. g. Lace made of wool, from Le Puy. h. Barcelona lace and black Maltese. 3. Her Majesty's Commissioners will grant space and afford facilities for the exhibition of the different kinds of processes woi'ked either by hand or by machinery in the galleries of the Exhibition. 4. The committee for lace above mentioned will act also as a committee of selection ; but, as regards specimens of ancient lace, the following committee of ladies will decide as to the admissibility of the specimens offered on loan to the Exhibition : — H.R.H. the Princess Christian. H.R.H. the Princess Louise, Mar- chioness of Lome. H.R.H. the Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck. The Princess Teano. The Duchess of Marlborough. The Duchess of Northumberland. The Marchioness of Bute. Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford. The Marchioness of Exeter. The Marchioness of Bristol. The Countess of Shrewsbury. The Countess De la Warr. The Countess of Carnarvon. The Countess of Warwick. The Countess of Kenmare. The Countess of Bradford. The Countess Somers. The Countess of Cawdor. The Countess Brownlow. ^ The Countess Spencer. The Lady Sophia Des Voeux. The Lady Cornelia Guest. The Lady Marian Alford. The Lady Charlotte Schreiber. The Lady Susan Melville. The Lady Dorothy Nevill. The Lady Louisa Egerton. The Lady Wharncliffe. The Lady Chesham. The Lady Fitzhardinge. The Lady Hamilton Gordon. The Hon. Mrs. Percy Wyndham. APPENDIX XXXVI. 155 The Hon. Mrs. Welby. Lady Lindsay. Lady Wyatt. Lad> Drake. Mrs. Hailstone. Mrs. Holford. Mrs. Maccallum. Mrs. Alfred Morrison. Mrs. Bury Palliser. Mrs. Henry Reeve. Laoe, Ancient and Modern, 1874. The committee of ladies subsequently recommended the adoption of the following decisions: — a. The loan exhibition of lace will include specimens of lace made before 1815, and will comprise, — a. Pillow lace, the fabric being made whollv by hand (known as Valenciennes, Mechlin, Honiton, Buckingham) ; guipure ; silk lace, called blonde when white, and Chantilly Puy, Grammont, and black Buckingham, when black. ,b. Lace, needle-made ; Brussels (Point Gaze) ; and Point d'Alen9on, Venetian point, &ic. c. Lace made of gold, silver, and coloured thread. A case will be reserved for the exhibition of Italian, German, French, and English old sampler lace books. The arrangement of the loans will be personally superintended by a sub-committee of the Ladies' General Committee. 6. As regards modern lace, the committee met twice before the opening of the Exhibition, and made various recommendations for obtaining specimens of all kinds of British and foreign machine and hand-made lace, and specially recommended the Commissioners to obtain one or more lace machines, and to engage the services of workwomen to show the process of making hand-made lace in the Exhibition. Under the instructions of the Board of Management, I attended a meeting of the Nottingham Chamber of Commerce, when a resolution was passed agreeing to make a collective exhibition of Nottingham machine laces. In January a deputation from the Chamber of Commerce, consisting of Mr. Henry Heyman and Mr. Owen Donald, came to confer with the executive officers of the Exhibition, and through their co- operation and efibrts a lace machine, made by Mr. William Stone, of Lenton, near Nottingham, was obtained and worked in the machinery galleries for the first time in any International Exhibition, The number of exhibitors of modern laces was as follows : — Great Britain - 90 Greece - 3 Russia - - 10 Italy - 2 Belgium - - 8 Germany - 2 France - - 6 Malta - 1 Sweden - - 5 Brazil - 1 Austria - - 4 Switzerland - 1 I 156 APPENDIX XXXVI. Lace, Ancient and Modern, 1874. Modern lace. Ancient lace. Th6 modem lace "was exhibited in the north end of Room XIY., whilst the collection of machine lace exhibited by the Nottingham Chamber of Commerce was shown in Room XV. Two workwomen, one from Bel- gium and the other from Honiton, showed the process of making pillow - lace in the west upper quadrant. H.I.H. the Duchess of Edinburgh contributed a collection of interesting modern Russian laces, together with patterns and photographs of Russian laces of various periods. The collection of ancient lace constituted the chief attraction of the class of lace. 107 lenders exhibited specimens of all kinds and periods, and, owing to the interest taken by H.R.H. the Princess Cliristian and the members of the ladies committee, so perfect and interesting a gathering had never before been accomplished. Monsieur Dupont Auberville lent a collection of lace arranged in a precise chronological order. It was displayed in two largo stands of radiating frames, and included specimens of early 14th century cut linen work, specimens of 15th century Italian point, and examples of better known laces, both needle, point, and pillow, dating from the 16th centuiy to the commencement of the 19th century, A portion of Mrs. Hailstone's valuable series of laces was also lent and exhibited. His Grace the Duke of Devonshire contributed some rare and interesting examples. Lady Marian Alford, the Countess of Brownlow, Lady Dorothy Nevill, Mrs. Bolckow, Mrs. Austen, Mrs. Alfred Morrison, and Mrs. MacCallum lent many important specimens. By permission of the owners, photographs of many notable pieces of lace were taken, and have since been published in a work on lace, compiled by Mr. Alan S. Cole, the Honorary Secretary to the Ladies Committee, and issued by the Arundel Society. H. H. Cole, Lieut. R.E. APPENDIX XXXVII. Civil Engineer- ing, 1874, Civil Engineering. Class IX., 1874. The following influential Committee was appointed : — The Earl of Caithness. The Lord Rayleigh. The Lord Robert Grosvenor, M.P. Sir Donald Campbell, Bart. Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart.,F.R.S. Sir William Armstrong, C.B., F.R.S. Sir John Coode. Sir John Hawkshaw, F.R.S. Sir G. Gilbert Scott, R.A.,P.R.I.B.A. James AUport, Esq. * W. Bailer, Esq. C. Bailey-, Esq. W. H. Barlow, Esq. J. F. Bateman, Esq., F.R.S. J. Bird, Esq. J. Blyth, Esq. F. J. Bramwell, Esq., F.R.S. T. Brassey, Esq., M.P. APPENDIX XXXVII. 157 W. Clode, Esq. C. Comfort, Esq. J. G. Grace, Esq. G. Dines, Esq. J. Douglass, Esq. Lieut.-Col. Du Cane, C.B., E.E. J. Elger, Esq. J. Fowler, Esq. Capt. Douglas Galton, C.B., F.R.S. Colonel Gallwey, R.E. C. Gatliff, Esq. G. Godwin, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. J. Grant, Esq. H. Grissel], Esq. H. L. Hammack, Esq. W. Hardwick, Esq., M.D. T. E. Harrison, Esq. T. Hawksley, Esq. H. Howard, Esq. S. M. Hubert, Esq. Horace Jones, Esq., V.P.RI.B.A. H.H. Keeling, Esq. J. Kelk, Esq. D. Kirkaldy, Esq. Mr. Alderman W. Lawrence, M.P. C. T. Lucas, Esq. T. Lucas, Esq. C. Manby, Esq., F.R.S. W. Mar wick, Esq. J. Moreland, Esq. R. Moreland, Esq. W. G. Owen, Esq. Colonel Pasley, R.E. W. Poll, Esq., F.R.S. W. S. Portal, Esq. H. A. Rayner, Esq. G. Ross, Esq., M.D. C. W. Siemens, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. T. Roger Smith, Esq. G. R. Stephenson, Esq., F.R.S. R. J. Stuckey, Esq. C. B. Vignoles, Esq., F.R.S. F. W. Webb, Esq. E. Woods, Esq. Colonel Wray, R.E. T. H. Wyatt, Esq., M.R.I.B.A. Civil Engineer- ing, 1874. The first meeting of the committee for civil engineering was held on Sub-com- the 18th November 1873, when the following sub-committees were °"**^** formed : — a. Civil and mechanical engineering. b. Architectural and building contrivances and materials. c. Sanitary apparatus and construction. As the general committee never held another meeting, and as the work of each of the three sub-committees was carried on to the end distinct from that of the others, it will be more convenient to treat these three sections in the first place as separate classes, and to give a sum- mary of the whole class at the end of this repoit. The sub-committee for civil and mechanical engineering held their first meeting on 29th November 1 873, when Sir Jno. Coode was elected permanent chairman. Their last meeting was on 31st March 1874, they liaving held in all six meetings. The chief points of interest in their section were the various apparatus for diving, and the revolving light for the South Stack lighthouse. The committee were very desirous th.it this light should have been shown in motion and illuminated, but the expense of arranging for this would have been more than Her Ma- jesty's Commissioners or the exhibitors could have undertaken. Through 158 APPENDIX XXXVII. I Civil Engineer- the recommendations given to the executive officers by the sub-committee J ' various interesting exhibits were obtained, among which may be men- tioned the models lent by the Lords of the Admiralty and by tlie Trinity Board. The sub-committee for building contrivances and materials, at their first meeting on 1st December 1873, took into consideration the question of experiments on the materials exhibited. A scheme was prepared by Mr. Kirkaldy, was approved by the committee, and recommended for adoption to the Board of Management. Unexpected difficulties, howevei', arose, and after considerable correspondence with societies who, it was thought, miglit be interested in the proposed experiments, the sub com- mittee finally abandoned the scheme at their eighth meeting, on the 11th March 1874. Meanwhile, throu<;h the personal exertions of some mem- bers, and the advice given by those who could not personally co-operate, a large collection of building materials was obtained, some of which have since been transferred to the R.E. Institute at Chatham, and some to the South Kensington Museum. Circulars were sent, on the recommen- dation of the committee, to Commanding Royal Engineers throughout the country, asking their assistance, and many valuable additions to the collection were due to the aid thus obtained. The Convict Prisons Department contributed a series of models which added much to the interest of this section. CoLinel Gallwey, R.E., was chairman of this committee, which held in all 12 meetings, and whose labours were not completed until 14th May 1874. Tlie chairman of the sub-committee for sanitary apparatus and construc- tion was Dr. Hard wick. At the time of the first meeting of this sub com- mittee (2nd December 1873) it happened that an exhibition of sanitary apparatus bad been held at Norwich, the list of exhibitors at which formed a guide as to the persons most likely to be willing to exhibit in London. Circulars were sent to all of these, as also to many others interested in sanitary matters, whose names were furnished by the various members of the sub-committee. An application from the Native Guano Company to show in action their method of treating sewage raised, at the second meeting of the sub-committee on 16th December 1873, the whole question of the puri- fication and utilisation of sewage. It was thought so desirable that various methods of treating sewage should be shown, and that all ex- hibitors of such methods should be compelled to go to the same source of supply, that the sub-committee directed inquiries to be at once made as to the best method of obtaining such sewage as might be required. After due inquiries had been made it appeared that if the various pro- cesses were shown in action all day, the expense of procuring sewage would be so great as to preclude the idea that any exhibitors would APPENDIX XXXVII. 159 consent to pay it. It was, therefore, arranged that the processes for the Civil Engineer- treatment of sewage should be shown in operation from 2 to 5 daily. ^ The sewage was supplied by Messrs. Mowlem and Burt, in air-tight tanks containing 300 gallons, and was pumped from these tanks into the cisterns of the various exhibitors. These processes were all shown in the western annexe. In the south galleries (Room XXIII. and south corridor) were shown all the rest of the exhibits in this section, many of which were well worthy of notice. The number of exhibitors in the class of civil engineering is shewn below : — — '•H < d 3 "a! a Q t4 0) > o a a a3 a "o K i 'to 3 3- .2 CO 3 a > 00 a -a a N '3 -a 3 3 '-2 '^ 3 a '^ 1 Sec. a. Civil and mechanical engineenng 2 - - 4 - 2 - 1 1 - 3 1 - - 32 46 „ b. Building apparatus, &c. 2 2 1 4 1 - 1 2 2 1 6 - 1 1 107 131 „ c. Sanitary apparatus, &c. 1 1 - 1 - 1 - - 1 - - - - - 60 65 5 3 1 9 1 3 1 3 4 1 9 1 1 1 199 242 E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. APPENDIX XXXVIII. Heating. Class X., 1874. Committee. Heating, 1874. F. A. Abel, Esq., F.RS. W. H. Barlow, Esq. E. J. Bramwell, Esq. E. Chadwick, Esq., C.B. Lt. Col. Du Cane, C.B., R.E. Major Gen. F. Eardley-Wilmot, R.A, F.R.S. General Eliot. Ca})tain Douglas Galton, C.B., F.R.S. Professor T. M. Goodeve, IM.A. Dr. Mann. Dr. D. S. Price. Robert Rawlinson, Esq., C.B. Rcvd. A. Rigg. Capt. R. Scott, R.N. Major Webber, R.E. The Committee for this class was appointed by the Society of Arts, which had announced prizes for the best stoves, both for cooking and 160 APPENDIX XXXVIII. Heating, 1874. heating. The former class of stoves did not strictly come within the scope of the class, there having been an especial class for cooking in 1873, but the rules were so far relaxed as to allow of the exhibition of such cooking stoves as were sent in to compete for the prizes offered. The stoves of all classes which were sent in for competition were received as early as December 1873, as many arrangements had to be made for testing them, and it was necessary that the Committee should be able to form an opinion of the amount of work before them. The circulars and rules regarding this class were therefore sent out as early as possible in 1873. The number of stoves sent in for the competition was large, but before the date fixed by H.M.'s Commissioners for the reception of goods arrived, the Society of Arts Committee had progressed so far as to be able to state (a) what stoves should be rejected, {h) what should be recommended for Exhibition only, and (c) what should be tested for prizes as well as exhibited. The work therefore remaining to be done after the regular reception of goods had commenced was light and the Committee, when acting solely as an Exhibition Committee, held only three meetings. Their labours as regards the testing of the stoves which competed for prizes were continued until nearly the close of the Exhibition, but as the final decision of the C<-)mmittee was to award no prize, no detailed report of their proceedings has been published. Return of Exhibitors in Class 10. be a W S3 S 0) S 'B s 3 '3d '3'^ a tJ < « pq cS m a Ti a; t3 ■ c3 a o a £ T3 1 be 3 .2 'a 1 1 ^ United Kingdom. 3 < W pq P^ hLh M P^ « ^ H 4 1 5 14 1 1 2 3 1 2 49 83 The number of Exhibitors in this division of the Exhibition of 1874 was less than in any previous exhibition of the series. This was due almost entirely to the fact that many objects which, in any other year would have been exhibited in this division, were included in the class of Civil Engineering, among which may be specified the diving apparatus of Messrs. Siebe & Gorman. The Committee held, in all, six meetings, the first two of which were occupied in making recommendations to Her Majesty's Commissioners concerning such recent inventions as it appeared specially desirable to exhibit ; the two following in deciding on the acceptance or rejection of those inventions of which full details had been furnished, and the two last in examining the objects actually sent in for exhibition. The recommendations made by the Committee resulted in the exhibition of an interesting process of mould making and castino- under pressure, by Mr. Jas. Mackintire, of Boston, U.S.A., and of various new inventions in relation to clocks and watches, which were obtained throflgh the assistance of Mr. Johnson, of Clerkenwell. APPENDIX XLII. 167 In this division were shown models of various improved cattle trucks by eight exhibitors. The exhibition of these was due to the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. During the winter of 1873-4 this society organised an exhibition of models of cattle trucks, for which space was afforded by Her Majesty's Commissioners in the South Galleries, and from this exhibition those models which gained prizes or appeared worthy of notice were transferred to the Division of Scientific Inventions and New Discoveries in 1874. The west half of Room XXIII., South Galleries, was allotted to this division, but various exhibits were shown in other parts of the building, such as Mackintire's process, alreody alluded to, gas machines, printing jjrocesses, &c., which were placed in the machinery galleries and in the Western Annexe, E. G. Clayton, Capt., RE. Scientific Inventions, 1874. APPENDIX XLIII. for room No. I. „ ,, „ II. Machinery Division, 1874. The machinery in motion was exhibited in 1874, as usual, in the five rooms on the ground floor, west galleries, the necessary power being obtained from five engines placed in small engine houses built ofi" the main galleries. These engines were kindly placed at the disposal of Her Majesty's Commissioners by the following eminent firms : — Messrs, Barrows and Stewart „ Tangye, Bros., and Holman „ Robey and Co. „ „ „ III. „ Ransomes, Sims, and Head „ „ „ lY. „ Davey, Paxman and Co. „ „ „ V, The machinery was arranged as follows : — In room No. I. were machinery for lace, bookbinding and leather ; in the remaining rooms machinery connected with the class of civil engineering. An account of the special machinery for lace and bookbinding will be found in the reports relating to those classes (Appendix, pp. 155, 163), No special committees were formed for machinery in 1874, but the executive officers put themselves into communication at an early date with those firms who, it was thought, would probably exhibit, and with such others aa were recommended from time to time by the committees of the various clas-es. The applications, as received, were laid before the committees, and when ajoproved the space was allotted. The exhibitors of machinery in class 11, leather, numbered 16, all of w^hom were from the United, Kingdom. Nine of these exhibited sewing machines to be used for Machinery, 1874, 168 APPENDIX XLIIl. Machinery, 1874, leather, it having been specially resolved by the Committee on the 20th November 1873, that such machines should be admitted. The remaining seven exhibitors contributed pumping machinery for tanneries, leather presses and rollers, lift cutting machines, scudding machines, &c. In machinery for class 9, civil engineering, there were 34 exhibitors, of whom 33 were from the United Kingdom and one from Austria, An endeavour was made to arrange machines of the same nature together, but in some cases the requisitions of exhibitors for steam, &c. rendered it impossible to adhere to a rigid classification. In No. II. room were arranged pressure blowers, smiths' hearths, steam pumps, machinery for pulverizing ore, &lc., and stone dressing machinery. In No. III. room, at the northern end, was machinery for brick and tile making, the central and southern portion of the room being occupied by wood- working machinery. The engine for this room was specially furnished with a fire-box for burning sawdust and other refuse from the wood- working machines. Room No. IV. was entirely occupied by wood- working machines, and here the process of making doors was shown throughout the year by the exhibitors. In room No. V., at the northern end, w^ere a few machines for working wood, the remainder of the room being occupied by rock drills, cement mills, &c. In the western annexe were shown apparatus for concrete building, for treatment of sewage, &c. E. a. Clayton, Capt. R.E. APPENDIX XLIV. Ethnological Collection, 1874. Ethnological Collection, 1874. The following acted as the Committee for this class : — Dr. F. J. Mouat, Chairman. The Rt. Hon. Sir H. Bartle Frere, G.C.S.I., K.C.B. Sir Samuel W. Baker. Major-Gen. Sir Vincent Eyre, C.B., K.C.S.I. Major General Sir A.Purves Phayre, C.B., K.C.S.I. J. Beddoe, Esq., M.D., F.R.S. Major Frank Bolton. E. W. Brabrook, Esq. Professor G. Busk. Hyde Clarke, Esq., LL.D. J. F. Collingwood, Esq., F.G.S. J. Barnard Davis, Esq., M.D., F.R.S. J. Evans, Esq., F.R.S. F. Galton, Esq. Colonel Harley, C.B. Bryan Hodgson, Esq. Col. Lane Fox, F.S.A. Dr. D. W. Leitner. Major R. A. Leveson. C. R. Markham, Esq., C.B., F.R.S. W. Spottiswoode, Esq., V.P.R.S. E. Thomas, Esq., F.R S. W. S. W. Vaux, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Major Donnelly, Hon. Sec. ; G. S. Saunders, Acting Sec. APPENDIX XLIV. 169 Tlie Ethnological Collection of 1874* was intended to be merely the nucleus of a national museum of ethnology, which, it was hoped, would have been gradually collected in connexion with the International Exhi- bitions. The cessation of the Exhibitions, however, necessarily put an end to this scheme. The plan which the Committee proposed to carry out was to turn their special attention each year to one particular race, at the same time not refusing contributions illustrating the manners, &;c. of other races. In 1874 it was proposed to make a collection from the Western Coast of Africa. The late date at which the Committee com- menced its labours, however, prevented even a complete collection from Africa being made, and most of the objects shown were contributed by the London Missionary Society, and by private persons in England. Colonel Harley, C.B., put himself into communication with the various officials in Africa, but no collections were received in time to be exhibited. Besides the African collection there were exhibited various objects from Australia, New Zealand, Hudson's Bay, South Sea Islands, &c., and Dr. G. W. Leitner placed his collection at the disposal of the Committee. Every assistance in their power was given to the Committee by the Colonial Office, the Admiralty, the India Office, and by the London Mis- sionary Society, and had the series of Exhibitions been continued the labours of the Committee would, doubtless, have been eventually crowned with success. E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. Ethnological Collectron, 1874. APPENDIX XLV. Buildings, Repairs, &c. Royal Albert Hall. — The Royal Albert Hall was treated as the crowning point of the Exhibitions, and used during the whole period. A covered entrance was constructed from the east side of the Hall to the east lower quadrant. Communications were expressly made from both of the quad- rants, east and west. In 1872 it was found necessary to construct two additional entrances from the east and west crush rooms to the conser- vatory. In ] 873 the roofs and skylights over the picture gallery were put in thorough repair. This year the new offices on the balcony floor were made by means of light wooden partitions. In 1874 the east lift room was plastered and distempered to serve as an office, and the vaults were whitewashed, and doors were fixed to the various cellars in order to prepare for the exhibition of foreign wines. East and West Quadrants and passage at the hack of the Conservatory. — In 1 872 the floor of the lower quadrant, in possession of the Royal Horticultural Society, was fitted with hotwater pipes and covered with coloured tiles. The walls were decorated in distemper colour. In 1873 Buildings, Repairs, &c. 170 APPENDIX XLV. Buildings, Repairs, &c. and 1874 the roofs of the quadrants were put into good repair and the walls distempered. In 1874 the offices on the west side were converted into' quarters for the housekeeper of the Royal Albert Hall. East and West Galleries. — These were constructed in 1870-71 and up to the close of the series of Exhibitions were for each year put in thorough repair. Boiler houses and coal stores for the heating of the galleries were built on the east and west sides. In 1872 arches were constructed in the east and west arcades ; the machinery gallery on the west was distempered all over, whilst the upper galleries on the east and west, the lower one on the east, together with staircases, were put in thorough repair by the filling up of holes made by hanging pictures, and by distempering damaged parts of the walls. Men were continually employed in keeping the roofs in repair and in stopping any leakage of rain through the putties. In 1873 the openings of the east arcade were framed and glazed to accommodate some of the carriages, cabs, &c. exhibited that year. The upper and lower galleries on the east and west received necessary repairs. In 1874 the pergolas on the terrace of the east and west galleries were repainted. The machinery gallery and engine sheds were competely distempered and painted, and the picture galleries and east lower gallery put in re[)air. South Galleries. — These were constructed for the Exhibition of 1862 and formed part of the building of the Exhibition of that year. The central block is the property of H.M. Commissioners while the two wings are that of the Government. By an arrangement entered into between the Commission and the Science and Art Department the lower galleries were given up as space for the Exhibitions, and the upper storey of the central block was leased at a nominal rental to the Science and Art Department. In this way a passage was secured all round the Horti- cultural Gardens. In 1871 it was found necessary to construct a covered passage at the back of the central block, occupied by the refreshment rooms, and retiring rooms were built at the same time. For each of all the four Exhibitions the south galleries received necessary repairs, and in 1874 it was considered necessary to place glazed frames in the walls of the refreshment contractors' store rooms, in order that the police might give the alarm in the event of an outbreak of fire. In 1871 Her Majesty's Commissioners had the right of passage in front of the board room of the Horticultural Society, but in 1872 this right did not exist, and in order to provide a circuit round the gardens a tunnel was constructed under the passage used in 1871. The floor of the tunnel was paved with mosaic made by convicts' labour and the walls were decorated by Mr. Gamble in distemper colours. In 1872 a roadway leading from Exhibition Road was constructed to the back of the refreshment rooms. APPENDIX XLV. 171 Detached Buildings and Annexes and Entrances. The French Annexe was built at the cost of the French Commission in 1870-71, and was kept in repair by the French Commissioner excepting in 1873, when tlie space was occupied as part of the Exhibition proper, owing to the absence of the French Commission at Vienna. The East Machinery Annexe was constructed in 1871, and the following year an engine and store house was added to it at the north end. The Walter Press was exhibited in motion in this annexe in 1872 which was prepared to receive it. In 1873 the shed was divided into two rooms and separated by a passage ; the north room was fitted up as the School of Cookery Lecture Room, whilst the other was occupied by the Russian Commissioner, In 1874 both north and south rooms were converted into the National Training School of Cookery. The Belgian Annexe on the east side was constructed at the cost of the Belgian Commission in J 872. The following year it became the property by purchase of Her Majesty's Commissioners, and since then has been kept in repair at their expense. In 1873 it was used as an Australian annexe, in 1874 half was appropriated for the special collection of the works of Owen Jones, the other half being used as a store for rejected exhibits. The building is now being converted into premises for the School of Art needlework. The Queensland Annexe was erected in 1872 at the cost of the Queens- land government, and has been kept in repair by the agent general up to the close of the Exhibitions. The Swedish Commissioners in 1871 exhibited a Swedish school-house of wood, and it was erected on the west side. In 1872 it was purchased by Her Majesty's Commissioners and up to the close of the Exhibition has been used as a bier garten by the refreshment contractors. It was put in thorough repair in 1874. The south-west entrance was constructed by Her Majesty's Commis- sioners in 1871 ; in subsequent years it was, however, only used as an exit. The two orchard entrances at the north-west, and north-east corners of the gardens which had previously existed, together with the south-west exit, were put in repair at the commencement of each year. Grounds, roads, <&c. — The open spaces on the east and west were laid out in roads and walks in 1 871, two substantial timber roads for the traffic of heavy carts being provided on each side. Gardeners were employed each year to cut turf, gravel the paths, and attend to shrubs. From 1871 to 1873 the charge of the works was with Capt. Grover, R.E., but upon his retirement they were handed over to me, H. H. Cole, Lieut., R.K Buildings, Bepairs, Sic. m APPENDIX XL VI. APPENDIX XLVI. Securities agaiast Fire. On the Security of the Buildings from Eisk by Piee. At the close of the Exhibition each day a party of six raen of the Royal Engineers made the round of the buildings, seeing that all fires and lights were extinguished, and that all fire-engines, buckets, &c,, ■were in their places ready for use. This party slept in the buildings every night, and the police on duty had orders to give the alarm to them in case of any outbreak of fire. The pohce were also instructed by their inspector that it was part of their duty, both by night and day, to watch for any outbreak of fire, and they were further taught how to use the fire extincteurs which were placed at intervals throughout the buildings During the day all the men of the Royal Engineer detaclmaent on duty, numbering usually about 10, patrolled the buildings, and in addition to these men there were 25 attendants, part of whose duty it was to watch for any outbreak of fire, who were also instructed in the use of the fire extincteurs, and who were acquainted with the position of all the hydrants, fire buckets, &c. within their respective beats. No work requiring the use of fires was permitted to be done on the roof without the presence of a police constable or a sapper supplied with a fire ex- tincteur and water buckets. A register of the pressure of water was taken by the senior non-commissioned officers of the R.E. detachment every two hours. Exhibitors of machinery were required to provide metal boxes in which to keep the oiled tow used in cleaning the machinery, and labourers were employed from time to time to clear away rubbish and shavings from beneath the floors. Smoking and the use of lueifer matches were forbidden except in certain portions of the building. A list of authorised fires was kept by the senior non-commissioned ofiicers of Royal Engineers, and any fires not authorised which were found burning were extinguished. The fire-engines were lent for use by Messrs. Merry weather and Messrs. Shand and Mason, excepting in 1873, when they were pro- vided by Messrs. Hayward, Tyler & Co. The fire extincteurs were Sinclair's with the exception of a few in the south galleries which were lent by Mr. Dennis. E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. APPENDIX XLVII. 173 APPENDIX XLVII. {See Appendix XI, p. 77.) Kelations with Hoyal Horticultural Society. In the year 1871 visitors to the Exhibition were admitted to the Gardens, with return to the Exhibition, at a rate fixed by the General Purposes Committee, except on occasions of flower shows, when the rate was fixed by the Royal Horticultural Society. Exhibition season ticket holders were admitted free at all times to the Gardens. The General Purposes Committe'i had the exclusive right to the use of the east and west arcades, and to the upper floor of the quadrants with a passage through the conservatory. All receipts for admission to the Gardens were placed to the credit of the Exhibition, the Royal Horticultural Society receiving Id in the Is. on all receipts at the doors of the Exhibition. Fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society had the right of purchasing season tickets for the Exhibition at a reduction of one guinea on the charge to the public. Note. — No. of visitors admitied to the Gardens during Exhibition of 1871 - - - 214,266 Receipts on account of season tickets pur- chased by fellows of Royal Horticultural Society ----- ^2,721 12 Receipts on account of admissions to Gardens ^£'2,601 12 8 .£'5,323 4 8 Deduct, Head money paid to Royal Horti- cultural Society - - - - ^5,030 1 1 Relations with Horticultural Society. Balance ^293 3 9 In 1872 visitors to the Exhibition were admitted to the Gardens, with return to the Exhibition, at a rate fixed by the Royal Horticultural Society. Exhibition season ticket holders were admitted free to the Gardens, but not to the flower shows. The General Purposes Committee had the exclusive right to the use of the east and west arcades, to both floors of the quadrants, and to passage through conservatory on both floors. All receipts for admission to the Gardens were credited to the Royal Horticultural Society, who also received \d. in the Is. on all receipts for admission at the doors of the Exhibition. The Society agreed to purchase Exhibition season tickets for all their fellows at the rate of 10s. 6cZ. each. The General Purposes Committee undertook to tile and redecorate the ground floors of the quadrant arcades. 174 APPENDIX XLVII. Relations with Horticultural Society. Railway Arrangements. Towards the end of the season visitors to the Exhibition were admitted free to the Gardens, the General Purposes Committee undertaking to pay to the Royal Horticultural Society their average receipts. Note. — No. of Visitors admitted to the Gardens during Exhibition of ] 872 - - - - 2^0,941 The receipts on account of season tickets and the payments on account of head money balanced each other. The following were the additional payments made by the General Purposes Committee for the use of the Gardens : — Tiling and decorating quadrant arcades Average receipts paid to Royal Horticultural Society during months that Gardens were thrown open - , - - .£•5,407 16 3 0^365 5 10 .£'5,773 2 1 In 1873 visitors to the Exhibition were admitted to the Gardens, without return to the Exhibition, at a rate fixed by the Royal Horticul- tural Society. Exhibition season ticket holders had no privileges in connexion with the Gardens. The Board of Management had exclusive right to the use of the upper floor of the quadrant arcades, and shared the use of the east and west arcades with the Royal Horticultural Society. They also had a right of way across the lower part of the gardens. For these privileges the Board agreed to pay 1,000?. to the Royal Horticul- tural Society. In 1874 the arrangements were the same as in 1873, except that no right of way across the lower part of the gardens was secured for the Exhibition. In some minor matters of detail also the arrangements were slightly altered. For the privileges granted this year by the Royal Horticultural Society the Board of Management agreed to pay the sum of 750?. {Note. — No returns of numbers admitted to the Gardens were kept by the executive of the Exhibition in 1873 and 1874.) 1st February 1875. E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. APPENDIX XLYIII. E/AiLWAY Arrangements. The nearest station to the Exhibition Buildings was that of South Kensington, and arrangements were made early in 1871 for the estab- lishment by the Metropolitan and the Metropolitan District Companies of an omnibus service between that station and the main entrance of the Exhibition at the Royal Albert Hall. The omnibuses also called at the APPENDIX XLVIII. 176 south-east entrance in Exhibition Road. The two companies issued Railway through tickets, including the omnibus fare and the charge for entrance Orangemen s. to the Exhibition, and this system proved convenient to the public. The omnibus service was discontinued after 1872, but through tickets ■were still issued in 1873, and (by special arrangement) for a short time during 1874. Most of the railway companies having termini in London also issued through tickets, including admission, being allowed in 1871, and the first few weeks of 1872, a minimum of 5 per cent, on the number of visitors exceeding 1,000 and less than 2,000, and 10 per cent, on any number over 2,000. From June 1872 a new arrangement was entered into with the principal companies by which a reduction of 25 per cent, was made on the railway fare from all stations within 20 miles from London, the same reduction being made on the charge for admission to the Exhibition. This arrangement continued in force until the close of the Exhibition of 1874. In addition to these general ar- rangements with the railway companies, tickets were issued, at a reduction, to large firms, who then made their own agreements with the companies for special excursions to the Exhibition. E. G. Clayton, Capt. RE. APPENDIX XLIX. Eefreshments. The contract for refreshments was given to Messrs. Spiers and Pond throughout the four Exhibitions of 1871 to 1874. In 1871 hot and cold luncheons were furnished in the two large refreshment rooms in the south galleries, in the vestibule between which ices, American drinks, and light refreshments generally were provided. To the rear of the vestibule was a large second class luncheon bar. Light refresh- ments, including tea and coffee, were also provided in the French annexe, in the western arcade, and at several bars in the Royal Albert Hall. In 1872 the second class refreshment room was not made use of, but two new bars were opened in the east and west, the former in the Queens- land annexe, the latter in the Swedish school house, which had been purchased by H.M.'s Commissioners. In 1873 and 1874 but slight alterations were made, excepting that hot luncheons were discontinued, and in the last-named year the vestibule between the two refreshment rooms was made use of for luncheons as well as for lighter refreshments, the large rooms being closed. The contract for 1871 was for the year only, Messrs. Spiers and Pond paying to H.M.'s Commissioners one-third of a penny on all visitors. At the close of 1871 a new contract was entered into, which was for two years, the qontractors paying to H.M.'s Kefreshmenti. 176 APPENDIX XLTX. Refreshments. Commissioners ffi?. per visitor during 1872, and Id. per visitor during 1873. In 1874 no head money was paid by Messrs. Spiers and Pond. The total amount received was 5,856^. Os. Sd. E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. APPENDIX L. Police. Police. The watching, both by day and night, throughout the series of the Exhibitions has been performed by the Metropolitan Police, as in preceding Exhibitions, who not only looked after the public, but were employed in the galleries to guard against danger from fire through improper use of matches, &c. by workmen engaged on the buildings. 1871. — On 1st February, the date on which goods began to be received, a police force of one serjeant and 10 constables was provided by the Commissioner of Police. This number was gradually increased as the work proceeded. On 1st July the force employed consisted of two inspectors, four Serjeants, and 53 constables, at which the force remained until the closing of the Exhibition on 80th September, when it was gradually reduced ; but on certain special days the force was increased : thus on 1st May, the opening day, the total force of police in the buildings amounted to 12 inspectors, 29 Serjeants, 223 constables. In 1872 the numbers employed were nearly the same as in the pre- ceding year; but in 1873 and 1874 it was found practicable to reduce the number of pohce constables. On the 12th of October 1872 an unsuccessful attempt was made to rob a case of jewellery in No. IV. Room. The following Return shows the Number of Permanent Police Inspectors, Serjeants, and Constables, on first day of each month from January 1871 to January 1875. Jan. , Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. I. s.c. I. S. c. I. S. C. I.S. C. I.S. C. I.S. C. I. C. I. S. C. I.S. C. i.{s. C. I. S. C. I. s\c. 1871 . 1872 - 1873 - - - 1874 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 7 7 7 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 16 19 10 13 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 32 22 16 18 2 2 1 1 4 4 4 3 44 2 53 2 26 1 28' 1 4 4 4 3 49 53 26 28 2 2 1 1 4 4 4 3 58 53 26 26 2 2 1 1 4 4 4 3 53 53 26 2fi 2 2 1 1 4 53 4 53 4 24 3 26 2 2 1 1 4 4 4 3 38 53 24 26 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 7 21 » 16 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 16 1876 . . - - - - - - - - E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. APPENDIX LI. APPENDIX LI. 177 Ladies' rooms. "Waiting Eooms and Cloak Eooms. The number of waiting rooms furnished for the convenience of the public in the four Exhibitions was as follows : — 1871 - 5 Gentlemen's rooms and 1872 - 3 1873 - 3 1874 - 4 In 1873 and in 1874 the Carbon Fertiliser Company provided, in addition to the above, a room for gentlemen in the eastern annexe, and for ladies at the south-west exit. The charge made at all the rooms was the same, namely, one penny. Umbrellas and parcels were taken charge of at these rooms at a charge of 2d. per article. In addition, there were in the four Exhibitions the following counters at which umbrellas and parcels might be left : — 1871 - Koyal Albert Hall and S.E. entrances. 1872 - N.E., S.E., and N.W. entrances. 1873 - S.E. and N.W. entrances. 1 874 - S.E. entrance. It was not compulsory on visitors to leave their umbrellas and sticks at the entrances. The receipts for waiting and cloak rooms in the four years are shown below : — 1871 1872 1873 1874 Total £ s. d. 970 14 10 513 16 2 332 15 2 237 9 3 £2,054 15 5 No separate heading of account having been kept of the expenditure on waiting rooms, all that can be given is the amount of wages paid each year to the attendants in the various rooms : — £ 1871 - - 233 1872 - - - 215 1873 - - - 249 1874 - - - 264 Total £961 12~~0 s. d. 4 8 9th February 1875. E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. Waiting and Cloak Roomi 35841. M APPENDIX LII. APPENDIX LII. Season Tickets. SEASON TICKETS in 1872. The following was the announcement respecting the issue of Season Tickets in 1872 :— The issue of Season Tickets for 1872 will commence in Nov. 1871. 1. The charges for Season Tickets admitting to all the Galleries of the London International Exhibition, from 1st May 1872 to 30th September 1872, will be as follows :— 2. Associates of the Exhibition will pay an entrance fee of 11. Is. and XL Is. annually for a Season Ticket. They will have the privilege of obtaining Season Tickets for the ladies of their families at 1^. Is. each person. Forms for admission may be obtained from the Secretary. 3. Fellows or Members of Societies promoting Arts, Sciences, Industry, and Learning, will also have the privilege of obtaining for themselves and ladies of their families Season Tickets for the International Exhi- tions on payment of 11. Is. each ticket. 4. The general public will pay 21. 2s. a year for Season Tickets. 5. The following is a list of Learned Societies in the United Kingdom taken from the Second Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners published in 1853, with additions, the Members of which are eligible to obtain Season Tickets at 1^. Is. each : — Antiquaries, Society of. Apothecaries, Society of. Architects, Royal Institute of British. Archaeological Association, Archaeological Institute. Arundel Society. Art-Union of London. Asiatic Society, Royal. Astronomical Society, Royal. Botanical Society of London. British Association for the Advancement of Science. British Institution. Camhridge Philosophical Society, Cavendish Society. Chemical Society. College of Physicians. College of Surgeons. Entomological Society. Ethnological Society. Geographical Society, Royal. Geological Society. Highland and Agricultural Society of Scot- land. Harvcian Society. Hunterian Society. Institution of Civil Engineers. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Linnsean Society. Literature, Royal Society of. London Institution. Manchester Philosophical Society. Medical Society of London. Medical and Chirurgical Society, Ruyal. Medico-Botanical Society. Meteorological Society of London. Meteorological Society of Scotland. Microscopical Society. Numismatic Society. Ornithological Society. Palseontographical Society. Pathological Society. Pharmaceutical Society. Roj'al Academy of Arts. Royal Academy of Music. Royal Albert Hall, Members of. Royal Dublin Society. Royal Horticultural Society. Royal Agricultural Society. Royal Institution. Royal Irish Academy. Royal Society of London. APPENDIX LIT. 179 Royal Society of Edinburgh. Royal Scottish Academy of Painting and Sculpture. Society of Arts. Society of Antiquaries, Scotland. Society of British Artists. Society of Painters in Water Colours. Society of Painters in Water Colours (New). Statistical Society. Sydenham Society. Zoological Society. Season Tickets. 6. Members of Convocations, Senates, or Councils of the Universities of the United Kingdom, School Boards, and Chambers of Commerce, will have the same privilege. 7. Societies not named in the above List wishing to have the said privilege for their Members must address the Secretary of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the International Exhibitions. 8. Members of Societies, &c., desirous of having Season Tickets at the reduced price must send a printed list of Members of the Society with their names marked, or send a Certificate of the Society to which they belong, signed by the Secretary or other Officer of the Society. 9. " Natives of Foreign Countries will be received on a footing of equality with the inhabitants of our own land and of Her Majesty's Colonial Possessions." {See Second Report of H. M. Commissioners.) 10. The Season Tickets wiU give admission to the Galleries of the Exhibition around the Royal Horticultural Gardens, also to the portions of the Royal Albert Hall when free to the daily visitors to the Exhibi- tion. Season Ticket holders will have the privilege of entering the Galleries two hours before the general public. Season Tickets may be had at the Offices of the Exhibition in Ken- sington Road, and all the principal Agents. Offices, Royal Albert Hall, 12 July 1871. APPENDIX LIII. Musical Performances. Exhibition of 1871. During the Exhibition of 1871 military bands performed daily in the Conservatory or Gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society, or in the Royal Albert Hall. The following are the bands that played, arranged according to the number of performances that each gave : — Band of the Royal Horse Guards „ Belgian Royal Guards „ Coldstream Guards Scots Fusilier Guards No. of performances. - 38 - 16 - 13 - 12 M 2 • 180 APPENDIX LIII. Military bands. 1 of the French Republican No Guards . of performances. 9 „ Swedish Guards - - 9 „ Grenadier Guards - 9 „ Honourable Artillery Company - „ Royal Engineers - „ Royal Artillery „ 1st Life Guards - ■ 9 5 3 ,, 2nd Life Guards - - 3 Total number of performances 132 Concerts in the Koyal Albert Hall. Organ per- formances. A series of 13 day concerts were given in the Royal Albert Hall. Performances on the gi-;ind organ in the Royal Albert Hall were given by organists from France, Germany, Norway, and Sweden, as well as by various British organists. There were in all 84 recitals. Exhibition op lb72. Military bands were engaged to play daily in the Conservatory, Gardens, or Royal Albert Hall. The following bands attended : — No. of performances. Military bands. Band of the ! Royal Horse Guards 35 )} Scots Fusilier Guai'ds 25 }) 2nd Life Guards - - - 15 » Honourable Artillery Company 14 » Coldstream Guards 13 >y 1st Life Guards - 12 y) Royal Engineers - - - 7 » Royal Artillery - - _ 6 }> London Irish Volunteers - 6 » Grenadier Guards 4 » Police - - - - 4 >> Royal Marines ... 4 Total number of performances 145 Concerts. Musical instruments being a class of this year's Exhibition arrange- ments were made, under the direction of Herr Pauei', to give a series of eight recitals in the Royal Albert Hall, when some of the instruments were tried. There were in addition to these recitals seven day concerts in the Hall. Exhibition of 1873. Concerts. This year it was determined to discontinue the military bands, and in their place arrangements were made for daily instrumental concerts APPENDIX LITI. 181 under the direction of Mr. Barnby. 172 such concerts were given in the Royal Albert Hall. A series of 171 organ performances were given, the players being Organ per- Mr. Best and Dr. Stainer. " ^^^ ^^' Exhibition of 1874. Military bands were engaged to play on the afternoons of Thursday Military bands. and Saturday in the ante-garden of the French Annexe. The following bands attended : — Band of the Royal Artillery - „ Royal Horse Guards „ Scots Fusilier Guards „ Carabineers Hungarian Minstrels - Total number of performances No. of performances. - 23 - 22 3 2 1 - 51 "During the period of the Exhibion six day concerts were given in the Concerts. Royal Albert Hall. Mr. Carier w;is engaged to give a daily afternoon recital on the organ Organ per- in the Albert Hall. H. H. Cole, Lieut. R.E. formances. APPENDIX LIV. Proportion which was suggested as Payable by each Colony towards the Construction and Annual Maintenance of a Permanent Colonial Court in connection with the Annual International Exhibitions in London, taking Revenue as the Measure of the Power of the several Colonies to contribute towards the necessary Funds for its construction and maintenance. (This was communi- cated to the various colonies by the Colonial Office, and the results are noted in the Column of Remarks.) Revenue, 1871. Contribution. Subscription. Colony. 2s. 8^d. }^d. Remarks. Per Cent. Per Cent. £ £ s. d. £ s. d. Canada (Dominion)* 4,028,200 5,454 17 1 285 6 7 No result. Victoria 3,305,300 4,475 18 6 234 2 6 Occupied space in the Bel- gian annexe in 1873. New South Wales, 2,490,200 3,372 2 8 176 7 9 Occupied space in the Bel- 1870. gian annexe in 1873. New Zealand - 1,342,100 1,817 8 6 95 1 3 No result. Ceylon 1,121,700 1,518 19 4 79 9 No result. * Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Manitoba. 182 APPENDIX LIV- TJpvPTinp Contribution. Subscript ion. Colony. XbC V cut UCj 1871. 2s. Hd 1-iV^- Kemaeks. Per Cent. Per Cent. £ £ s. d. £ s. d. Queensland - 800,000 1,083 6 8 56 13 4 Built a separate annexe in 1872, and occupied it to 1874. South Australia 778,100 1,053 13 6 55 2 3 Occupied space in the Bel- gian annexe in 1873. Cape - - - 744,800 1,008 11 8 52 15 1 Favourable to the scheme, but no result. Mauritius 617,000 835 10 5 43 14 1 Voted 405/. contribution and 21/. subscription; wished to be rated the same as the Straits Settlements. Jamaica 434,400 588 5 30 15 4 No result. British Guiana 379,600 514 10 26 17 9 No result. Straits Settlements - 298,700 404 9 9 21 3 1 Voted 405/. contribution and 21/. subscription. Tasmania 269,700 365 4 4 19 2 Voted 365/. contribution and 19/. subscription. Trinidad 264,400 358 10 18 14 6 Voted 358/. contribution and 18/. subscription. Windward Isles* 209,200 288 5 8 14 16 3 Voted 283/. contribution and 14/. subscription. Natal - - - 176,500 239 2 12 10 No result. Hong Kong - 176,000 238 6 8 12 9 4 No result. Malta 170,900 231 8 6 12 2 1 Voted 23 1 /. contribution and 12/. subscription. West African Settle- 167,700 227 1 10 11 17 5 No result. ments.f Newfoundland 164,300 222 9 9 11 12 9 Voted 223/. contribution and 1 2/. subscription. Pi'incc Edward's Isle J 118,700 160 14 10 8 8 1 No result. Leeward Isles § 109,900 148 16 5 7 15 5 No result. Western Australia 97,000 132 3 4 6 18 3 No result. Honduras 42,900 58 1 10 3 9 Favourable to the scheme, but no result. Bahamas 41,900 56 14 10 2 19 4 No result. St. Helena - -"^ Turk's Island Labuau - - > 39,100 52 18 9 2 15 2 No result. Heligoland - Falkland Isles -J Gibraltar 38,200 51 14 7 2 14 1 No result. Bermuda - • 35,000 47 7 11 2 9 7 No result. 18,462,100 25,000 14 2 1,307 13 * Barbadoes, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago, St. Lucia. ■f Sierra Leone, Gambia, Lagos, Gold Coast. j Now part of the Dominion of (Canada. § Antigua, St. Kitts, Dominica, Nevis, Montserrat, Virgin Islands. H. H. Cole, Lieut. RE. M h-l P Ph <1 », crvoH NOixiaiHxa ■k , .1 - , - ,n ^X^H'-|-.n;Mmms''.^y''-s^w ^ ^ ^ 1 dVOH S.J-H3aTV aDNIHd APPENDIX LV. 183 DISTRIBUTION OF SPACE. Year. 1872. 1874. Rooms in the East and West Galleries. I. - II. III. IV. v.. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X.- XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. Machinery Machinery Machinery Macliinery . Machinery Britisli Paintings Miscellaneous Art British "Water Colours Miscellaneous Art British Paintings Pottery - Pottery; - Pottery • Pottery ■ Pottery - Belgian Fine Art Reproductions - German, Italian, and Scandinavian Painting;^ French Fine Art French Fine Art Cotton Machinery Machinery for Printing Machinery for Printing Machinery for Printing Machinery for Printing British Paintings Miscellaneous Art British Water Colours - Miscellaneous Art Britisli Paintings Musical Instruments - Musical Instruments - Jewellery Jewellery Jewellery Russian and Belgian F'ine Art. Reproductions - German and Italian Paintings. French Fine Art French Fine Art Silk Machinery - Machinery for Food making. Machinery for Food making. Machinery for Food making. Machinery for Food making. German, Italian, Dutch Paintings. French, Italian, Dutch, and British Paintings. British Water Colours - British Paintings British P.^intings Implements for Eating and Drinking, &c. Implements lor Eating and Drinking, &,c. Silk Silk Silk Paintings by deceased Artists. Paintings by deceased Artists. Sketches and Sculpture British Paintings Belgian Fine Art Machinery for Lace, Leather, Bookbinding. Machinery used in Build- ing. Machinery used in Build- ing. Machinery used in Civil Engineering. Machinery used in Civil Enj-'ineering. Paintings by Artists de- ceased. Miscellaneous Art. British Paintings. Miscellaneous Art. Bavarian Paintings. Saddlery and Harness. Saddlery and Harness. Bookbinding. Lace. Lace. Belgian Fine Art. German Paintings. Dutch, Italian, Austrian, Danish Paintings. French Fine Art. FrencJi Fine Art. Soi TH Galleries. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. of British and Paintinfrs. Meyrick Collection Armour. Austrian Fine Art, &c. Building Appliances, S. K. M. Fish Museum Scientific Invention* - Foreign ' Paper and Stationery - Paper and Stationery - Scientiflc Inventions - Building Appliances, S. K. M. Pish Museum Printing Processes Carriages - - - Carriages - - - Cooking Apparatus Building Appliances, S. K. M. Fish Mnseum Heavy Steel Goods Civil Engineering. Architecture, Building Appliances, and Con- struction. Scientific Inventions and Sanitary Apparatus. Building Appliances, S. K. M. Fish Museum. Heating Apparatus. Royal Albert Hall. Picture Gallery ■ Crush Rooms East Theatre West Theatre - South Vestibule, Grand Tier. Balcony Floor - Paintings, Photographs, Architcctiu-al I designs. Engravings, &c. Educational Works : Musical Instruments for Sc^liools. Educational Works Woollen and Worsted Fabrics. Designs, Bayeux Tapes- try, Photographs, En- gravings, &c. Surgical Instruments. Steel and Cutlery Ethnological Collections. Photographs, Engravings, Architectural Designs. Ot&ces. Offices. Quadrants, Upper Lower Sculpture Cotton Pood, Wine, Tobacco Designs ; Japanese Ob- * Piocesses. jects. ■ - " ■ ' Architectural Designs, Engravings, Photo- graphs, and Japanese 1 Objects. Annexes. AuimpJ Shed Swedish House - French Building India Coin-t East Machinery Annexe. Belgian Court - Queensland Court Kew South Wales Court. Wool-growing Animals Swedish Educational Appliances. French Art and Industry Indian Art and Industry Machinery for Pottery - Produce from South Wales. New Removed. Bier Garten French Art and Industry Indian Art and Industry "Times" Printing in the Walter Press. Belgian Art and Indus- try. Queensland Produc* - Unpacking Shed Bier Garten Carriages - - - Indian Art and Industry School of Cookery. Russian Objects. Colonial Produce Queensland Produce - Unpacking Shed Bier Garten. French Art and Industry. Indian Artand Industry School of Cookery. Owen Jones Collection. Store. Queensland Produce. Unpacking Shed. H. H. Cole, Lieut. R.E. 184 APPENDIX LVI. APPENDIX LVI. Numbers of RETURN showing the Number of Visitors on the same Days of each successive Week. Visitors Daily. , MONDAYS. Date. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets Total. Date. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Total. 1871. s. d. 1873. s. d. May 1 Nil — 19,145 19,145 May 26 2,765 165 2,930 jj 8 1 6,322 745 7,067 June 2 10,555 231 10,786 «> 15 1 7,878 528 8,406 )» 9 2,793 159 2,952 » 22 1 6,999 446 7,445 >> 16 2,867 176 3,043 » 29 ■ 1 21,462 484 21,946 >j 23 2,320 283 2,603 June 5 1 7,443 338 7,781 n 30 2,581 151 2,732 99 12 1 7,073 284 7,357 July 7 2,495 158 2,653 » 19 1 8,088 1,060 9,148 » 14 2,699 123 2,822 ti 26 1 8,350 370 8,720 w 21 1,982 120 2,102 July 3 1 7,772 317 8,089 »> 28 2,043 143 2,186 » 10 1 9,586 392 9,978 Aug. 4 6 8,418 135 8,553 » 17 1 11,549 378 11,927 » 11 6 2,484 100 2,684 f} 24 1 8,907 386 9,243 »» 18 6 3,112 89 3,201 » 31 1 9,402 304 9,706 » 25 6 3,520 96 3,616 Aug. 7 1 14,749 360 15,109 Sept. 1 6 2,233 74 2,307 »> 14 1 6,206 170 6,376 » 8 6 3,609 95 3,704 ft 21 1 7,887 195 8,082 » 15 6 2,771 110 2,881 »} 28 1 6,772 207 6,979 » 22 6 3,095 95 3,190 Sept. 4 1 7,453 230 7,683 „ 29 6 2,918 87 3,005 99 11 1 7,770 233 8,003 Oct. 6 6 2,361 118 2,479 >» 18 1 11,159 355 11,514 » 13 6 1,520 95 1,615 » 25 1 12,678 443 13,121 »> 20 6 1,459 108 1,667 j> 27 6 2,296 141 2,437 1872. April 29 Nil — 2,090 2,090 1874. May 6 1 3,080 454 3,534 April 6 13,760 765 14,525 y9 13 1 2,603 378 2,981 » 13 1,552 167 1,719 J) 20 1 20,771 771 21, .542 » 20 1,782 181 1,963 >9 27 1 4,209 477 4,686 „ 27 1,456 178 1,634 June 3 1 4.066 455 4,521 May 4 1,405 216 1,621 t9 10 1 3,947 398 4,345 w 11 1,452 198 1,650 99 17 1 3,529 441 3,970 » 18 1,390 209 1,599 24 1 3,268 303 3,571 » 25 8,839 1,278 10,117 July 1 1 3,912 397 4,309 June I 1,834 174 2,008 J> 8 1 4,378 1,307 5,685 » 8 1,499 189 1,688 15 1 4,558 602 5,060 » 15 1,767 169 1,936 >J 22 1 3,.556 282 3,838 » 22 3,443 158 3,601 » 29 1 4,262 267 4,529 » 29 1,788 211 1,999 Aug. 5 1 11,689 419 12,108 July 6 1,502 190 1,692 i> 12 1 5,048 322 5,370 )) 13 1,151 156 1,307 » 19 1 5,308 494 5,8P2 >» 20 1,3.50 150 1,500 )> 26 1 5,074 211 5,285 » 27 1,308 149 1,457 Sept 2 1 5,834 276 6,160 Aug. 3 8,231 976 9,207 » 9 1 4,784 234 5,018 „ 10 1,197 140 1,337 » 16 1 5,725 284 6,009 >j 17 ,0 2,100 193 2,293 >» 23 1 5,335 374 5,709 » 24 1,095 162 1,257 » 30 1 5,750 460 6,210 » 31 1,223 127 1,3.50 Oct. 7 1 3,586 371 3,957 Sept. 7 3 3,486 146 3,632 •• 14 1 3,555 326 3,881 » 14 3 3,637 153 3,790 >} 21 3 3,924 155 4,079 1873. » 28 3 3,349 141 3,490 April 14 1 10,101 507 10,608 Oct, 5 3 2,470 135 2,605 » 21 1 3,002 258 3,260 1 »i 12 3 2,199 168 2,367 » 28 1 3,039 284 3,323 ' » 19 1 5,145 148 5,293 May 5 1 2,032 170 2,202 '. ,, 26 1 7,516 140 7,656 » 12 1 2,900 240 3,140 1 » 19 1 2,645 178 2,823 Gr and lotal 564,671 APPENDIX LVI. 185 Retuen showing the Number of Visitors, &c. — continued. TUESDAYS. Dat( 3. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Total. 1 Date. Fee. p ^y , rayraent. By Tickets. Total. 1871. s. d. 1873. s. d. May 2 10 487 1,587 2,074 May 27 3,603 177 3,780 „ 9 7,404 679 8,083 June 3 5,045 143 5,188 „ 16 9,094 673 9,767 » 10 3,147 162 3,309 ,, 23 9,655 515 10,170 » 17 3,124 215 3,339 j> 30 14,134 471 14,605 „ 24 3,101 137 3,238 June 6 8,387 330 8,717 July 1 2,616 127 2,743 » 13 8,558 404 8,962 » 8 2,824 162 2,986 5> 20 10,304 469 10,773 >j 15 2,448 129 2,577 » 27 9,371 412 9,783 » 22 2,697 141 2,838 July 4 8,764 358 9,122 )» 29 2,330 156 2,486 » 11 7,79.2 335 8,127 Aug. 5 1,970 89 2,059 » 18 10,720 407 11,127 » 12 1,992 93 2,085 » 25 10,245 363 10,608 >j 19 2,571 110 2,681 Aug, 1 13,403 383 13,786 )> 26 2,016 100 2,116 » 8 7,492 307 7,799 Sept. 2 1,960 124 2,084 » 15 . 7,418 226 7,644 » 9 2,219 110 2,329 »> 22 10,324 236 10,560 » 16 1,909 113 2,022 » 29 9,352 252 9,604 » 23 2,077 133 2,210 Sept. 5 9,352 414 9,766 » 30 1,680 118 1,798 » 12 10,020 382 10,402 Oct. 7 J, 199 94 1,293 » 19 12,660 482 13,142 » 14 1,399 113 1,512 » 26 12,777 514 13,291 » 21 1,204 81 1,285 »> 28 1,741 189 1,930 1872. April 30 Sfil — 1,826 1,826 1874. May 7 3,934 720 4,6.54 April 7 2,512 133 2,645 » 14 4,067 664 4,731 » 14 2,121 212 2,333 » 21 8,880 532 9,412 j> 21 1,829 154 1,983 28 5,001 577 5,578 » 28 1,748 193 1,941 June 4 4,870 693 5,563 May 5 1,600 214 1,814 j> 11 4,733 611 5,344 » 12 1,796 201 1,997 » 18 3,392 311 3,703 » 19 1,810 230 2,040 j> 25 4,292 379 4,671 » 26 3,874 274 4,148 July 2 4,081 376 4,457 June 2 1,979 182 2,161 jj 9 4,158 338 4,496 » 9 1,661 187 1,848 j> 16 4,278 318 4,596 » 16 1,854 214 2,068 » 23 4,188 228 4,416 » 23 2,010 192 2,202 >j 30 3,786 268 4,054 „ 30 1,402 171 1,573 Aug. 6 3,778 268 4,046 July 7 1,594 201 1,795 jj 13 4,196 300 4,496 » 14 1,150 159 1,309 » 20 5,009 242 5,251 >5 21 1,709 171 1,880 >j 27 3,860 222 4,082 » 28 1,240 183 1,423 Sept. 3 3,744 201 3,935 Aug. 4 1,244 167 1,411 » 10 3,589 219 3,808 » 11 1,473 156 1,629 >5 17 3,671 248 3,919 >j 18 1,845 173 2,018 9> 24 2,307 190 2,497 » 25 1,111 136 1,247 Oct. 1 2,774 234 3,008 Sept. 1 930 151 1,081 » 8 1,937 226 2,163 » 8 3 3,414 154 3,568 J5 15 2,333 329 2,662 » 15 3 3,657 179 3,836 » 22 3 3,651 144 3,795 1873. » 29 3 3,092 162 3,254 Apri: 15 3,020 249 3,269 Oct. 6 3 2,021 118 2,139 j> 22 3,357 203 3,560 » 13 3 2,362 117 2,479 » 29 3,247 248 3,495 „ 20 1 6,495 153 6,648 May 6 13 2,930 3,191 193 195 3,123 3,3a6 »» 27 1 9,206 153 9,359 j> j> 20 3,590 202 3,792 Gr and total 481,417 Numbers of Visitors Daily. 186 APPENDIX LVI. Numbers of "Visitors Daily. Return showing the Number of Visitors, &c. — continued. WEDNESDAYS. Date. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Total. Date. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Total. 1871. s. d. 18" 3. s. d. May 3 10 518 2,087 2,605 May 28 2 6 1,551 244 1,795 „ 10 2 6 5,338 1,696 7,034 June 4 2 6 1,445 241 1,686 » 17 7 6 3,157 1,833 4,990 j> 11 2 6 1,472 210 1,682 >> 24 2 6 4,063 903 4,966 » 18 2 6 1,419 1,607 3,026 » 31 2 6 3,715 724 4,439 25 2 6 1,201 182 1,383 June 7 7 6 3,415 1,542 4,957 July 2 2 6 1,039 248 1,287 >j 14 2 6 3,186 557 3,743 " 9 2 6 1,254 180 1,434 » 21 5 3,178 1,539 4,717 » 16 2 6 945 199 1,144 »> 28 2 6 4,018 715 4,733 >j 23 2 6 635 137 772 July 5 5 2,881 1,580 4,461 >j 30 2 6 714 129 843 »> 12 2 6 3,127 740 3,867 Aug. 6 1,823 127 1,950 » 19 2 6 2,624 730 3,354 » 13 1,678 120 1,798 26 2 6 2,672 555 8,227 » 20 2,114 13S 2,252 Aug. 2 2 6 2,714 742 3,456 >» 27 1,545 102 1,647 » 9 2 6 1,991 408 2,399 Sept. 3 1,703 111 1.814 » 16 2 6 1,830 504 2,334 » 10 1,689 124 1,813 » 23 2 6 1,857 327 2,184 » 17 1,706 123 1,829 „ 30 2 6 1,964 328 2,292 » 24 1,635 142 1,777 Sept. 6 2 6 1,783 449 2,232 Oct. 1 1,237 111 1,348 „ 13 2 6 2,043 430 2,473 » 8 1,047 106 1,153 » 20 2 6 2,759 795 3,554 „ 15 1,264 107 1,371 » 27 2 6 3,809 907 4,716 )) 22 1,212 128 1,340 » 29 1,340 152 1,432 1872. May 1 10 162 2,154 2,316 1874. „ 8 2 6 1,714 3,525 5,239 April 8 2 6 847 226 1,073 » 15 2 6 1,896 1,788 3,684 » 15 2 6 755 217 972 » 22 1 4,867 928 5,795 >5 22 2 6 765 188 953 „ 29 2 6 2,563 796 3,359 29 2 6 666 215 881 June 5 2 6 2,063 1,157 3,220 May 6 2 6 647 223 870 » 12 2 6 2,057 741 2,798 „ 13 2 6 638 231 869 „ 19 2 6 1,555 588 2,143 „ 20 2 6 641 221 862 „ 26 2 6 1,950 619 2,569 ,, 27 2 6r 1,142 235 1,377 July 3 2 6 1,647 814 2,461 June 3 2 6 807 179 986 » 10 2 6 1,710 580 2,290 >5 10 2 6 566 168 734 17 2 6 1,588 598 2,186 17 2 6 819 189 1,008 >> 24 2 6 1,300 387 1,087 „ 24 2 6 658 1G5 823 „ 31 2 6 1,118 459 1,577 July 1 1,347 217 1,564 Aug. 7 2 6 936 391 1,327 >» 8 1,389 180 1,5(19 » 14 2 6 922 367 1,289 »> 15 1,083 198 1,281 » 21 2 6 986 345 1,331 » 22 1,320 162 1,482 » 28 2 6 871 352 1,223 ,, 29 1,0.52 177 1,229 Sept. 4 2 6 768 305 1,073 Aug. 5 1,195 157 1,352 » 11 2 6 805 316 1,121 » 12 i,1.59 165 1,324 >j 18 2 6 1,059 355 1,414 19 1,258 149 1,407 » 25 2 6 1,072 366 1,438 5> 26 1,085 140 1,225 Get. 2 1 1,923 320 2,243 Sept. 2 1,001 166 1,167 „ 9 1 1,397 245 1,642 » 9 1,318 156 1,474 )) 16 1 \ 1,874 397 2,271 16 23 1,120 962 137 127 1,257 1,089 1873. „ 30 1,150 128 1,278 April 9 Nil 1 — 791 791 Oct. 7 607 119 726 » 16 2 6 1,357 434 1,791 » 14 741 132 873 >» 23 2 6 1,351 356 1,707 » 21 1,077 181 1,258 » 30 2 6 1,354 351 1,705 » 28 2,258 178 2,436 May 7 2 6 1,305 288 1,593 14 2 6 1,624 315 1,939 Gr£ md total 223,036 " 21 2 6 1,462 184 1,646 APPENDIX LVI. 187 Return showing the Number of Visitors, &c. — continued. THUESDAYS. Numbers of Visitors Daily. Date. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Total. Date. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Total. 1871. s. d. 1873. s. d. May 4 10 480 1,552 2,032 May 29 3,707 207 3,914 » 11 9,863 672 10,535 June 5 4,095 193 4,288 » 18 9,650 479 10,129 >> 12 3,695 162 3,857 25 8,873 526 9,399 » 19 3,100 195 3,295 June 1 10,932 389 11,321 >i 26 3,749 166 3,915 » 8 9,493 364 9,857 July 3 2,763 151 2,914 » 15 7,968 352 8,320 » 10 2,757 133 2,890 » 22 11,645 936 12,581 >> 17 2,887 166 3,043 » 29 9,810 391 10,201 » 24 2,662 116 2,777 July 6 U,030 506 11,536 )> 31 2,207 123 2,330 » 13 9,611 421 10,032 Aug. 7 2,337 114 2,461 »» 20 10,202 370 10,572 » 14 2,014 91 2,106 » 27 10,348 363 10,711 » 21 2,269 114 2,383 Aug. 3 10,885 321 11,206 » 28 1,872 131 2,003 » 10 8,404 357 8,761 Sept. 4 1,879 107 1,986 1) 17 7,502 182 7,684 j> 11 2,148 136 2,284 » 24 7,835 216 8,051 » 18 1,718 119 1,837 »» 31 8,060 322 8,382 j» 25 1,946 113 2,069 Sept. 7 9,310 419 9,729 Oct. 2 1,182 83 1,265 j> 14 10,580 327 1(1,907 » 9 1,381 102 1,483 » 21 13,733 478 14,211 » 16 1,317 118 1,435 » 28 17,433 837 18,270 )j 23 1,067 85 1,152 „ 30 1,816 217 2,033 1872. May 2 10 172 1,177 1,349 1874. J) 9 4,216 566 4,782 April 9 2,703 160 2,863 >> 16 4,706 773 5,479 „ 16 2,189 170 2,359 >» 23 6,887 637 6,524 )> 23 2,065 167 2,232 » 30 5,371 751 6,122 „ 30 1,894 183 2,077 June 6 5,241 658 5,899 May 7 2,163 228 2,391 >> 13 5,663 577 6,240 „ 14 2,319 261 2,580 20 4,721 418 5,139 )> 21 2,218 219 2,437 )> 27 4,907 457 5,364 )> 28 2,701 249 2,950 July 4 4,333 389 4,722 June 4 2,139 209 2,348 » 11 4,103 320 4,423 » 11 2,126 203 2,329 >j 18 4,038 332 4,370 » 18 2,279 198 2,477 »> 25 3,839 750 4,589 j> 25 2,390 201 2,591 Aug. 1 3,672 308 3,980 July 2 1,628 203 1,831 j> 8 3,734 299 4,033 » 9 1,368 167 1,53d » 15 3,786 238 4,024 „ 16 1,280 179 1,459 » 22 4,441 256 4,697 5> 23 1,520 200 1,720 29 3,908 215 4,123 „ 30 1.505 203 1,708 Sept. 5 3,899 222 4,121 Aug. 6 1,536 189 1,725 » 12 3,499 245 3,744 ,, 13 1,132 163 1,285 » 19 3,913 271 4,184 » 20 1,441 155 1,596 » 26 3,y06 343 4,249 » 27 1,161 172 1,333 Oct. 3 2,240 227 2,467 Sept. 3 1,231 161 1,392 » 10 2,4 35 283 2,718 „ 10 1,489 172 1,661 j> 17 2,656 400 2,966 „ 17 1,183 171 1,354 >j 24 1,168 169 1,327 1873. Oct. 1 693 121 814 April 10 Nil — 1,640 1,640 „ 8 908 133 1,041 j^ 17 3,801 294 4,096 J' 15 782 118 900 „ 24 3,722 236 3,968 )j 22 1 6,677 194 6,871 May 1 8 4,188 2,917 253 216 4,441 3,133 4,003 )> 29 1 13,540 186 13,726 15 3,793 210 Gr and total 490,269 » 22 3,462 201 3,663 188 At>PENI)IX LVI. Numbers of Visitors Daily. Return showing the Number of Visitors, &c. — continued. FRIDAYS. Date. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Total. Date. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Total. 1871. s. d. i 1873. s. d. May 5 10 282 1,706 1,988 May 23 2,984 178 3,162 99 12 8,359 755 9,114 „ 30 3,177 162 3,339 ^> 19 7,802 589 8,391 June 6 3,640 158 3,798 26 7,819 482 8,301 11 13 3,182 170 3,352 June 2 8,691 392 9,083 „ 20 2,467 165 2,632 >> 9 7,144 413 7,557 11 27 2,870 187 3,057 >9 16 8,664 282 8,946 July 4 2,576 166 2,742 » 23 7,458 445 7,903 » 11 1 2,822 130 2,952 30 6,779 339 7,1 '8 „ 18 2,286 156 2,442 July 7 7,902 591 8,493 11 25 1,901 97 1,998 J, 14 7,782 3,727 11, .509 Aug. 1 1,777 125 1,902 11 21 7,737 420 8,157 11 8 1,802 98 1,900 28 7,329 348 7,677 11 15 1,506 103 1,609 Aug. 4 6,885 299 7,184 „ 22 1,644 116 1,760 11 11 5,661 272 5,933 „ 29 1,610 102 1,712 11 18 4,970 228 5,198 Sept. 5 1,691 120 1,811 „ 25 5,974 249 6,223 „ 12 1,649 116 1,765 Sept. 1 5,646 264 5,910 11 19 1,637 126 1,763 11 8 6,258 331 6,589 11 26 1,618 142 1,760 » 15 7,246 321 7,567 Oct. 3 1,087 85 1,172 11 22 9,382 543 9,925 11 10 976 94 1,070 11 29 14,197 734 14,931 11 11 17 24 1,190 1,146 104 107 1,294 1,253 1872. 11 31 1,907 321 2,228 May 3 5 766 1,057 1,823 11 10 4,029 705 4,734 11 17 3,712 763 4,475 1874. 11 24 5,575 575 6,150 April 10 2,293 157 2,4.50 31 4,966 540 5,506 „ 17 2,082 174 2,256 June 7 4,737 654 5,391 „ 24 1,689 145 1,834 11 14 4,636 513 5,149 May 1 2,155 211 2,.%6 11 21 3,703 471 4,174 „ 8 1,623 175 1,793 28 4,662 417 5,079 11 15 1,880 235 2,115 July 5 3,458 319 3,777 11 22 1,706 202 1,908 11 12 3,262 411 3,673 „ 29 2,210 198 2,408 11 19 3,342 344 3,686 June 5 1,732 185 1,917 26 2,739 2,905 5,644 11 12 1,658 187 1 ,845 Aug. 2 3,005 294 3,299 19 2,123 178 2,301 9 3,357 284 3,641 „ 26 1,895 171 2,066 »> 16 3,076 251 3,327 July 3 1,509 203 1,712 11 23 2,968 211 3,179 ,, 10 1,027 156 1,183 11 30 2,935 202 3,137 11 17 1,273 1.54 1,427 Sept. 6 2,737 216 2,953 „ 24 1,107 139 1,246 11 .13 2,976 245 3,221 „ 31 1,175 151 1,326 11 20 2,743 220 2,963 Aug. 7 1,184 182 1,366 >» 27 3,132 307 3,439 » 14 1,204 161 1,365 Oct. 4 1,889 223 2,112 „ 21 1,1 =9 127 1,256 11 11 1,851 284 2,135 )) 28 1,101 139 1,240 18 1,983 308 2,291 Sept. 4 1,151 149 1,300 Prome- — — 4,498 4,498 „ 11 907 114 1.021 nades. 11 18 1,036 149 1,185 „ 25 1,014 125 1,139 1873. Oct. 2 419 86 505 April 4 Nil — 915 915 11 9 603 97 700 11 18 3,296 233 3,529 16 562 130 692 11 25 3,448 294 3,742 11 23 1 4,922 164 5,086 May 2 9 3,076 3,072 245 250 3,321 3,322 11 30 1 6,13J 133 6,272 » 11 16 3,115 215 3,330 Gr. ind total 399,070 APPENDIX LVI. 189 Return showing the Number of Visitors, &c. — continned. SATURDAYS. Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Total. Date. 'i Fee. By Payment. By Tickets. Date. Total. 1871. s. d. 1873. s. d. May 6 10 301 2,573 2,874 July 5 4,551 979 5,530 j> 13 10,156 1,355 11,514 „ 12 3,983 973 4,956 » 20 12,782 936 13,718 ,, 19 3,685 867 4,552 27 7,228 532 7,760 „ 26 2,482 178 2,660 June 8 9,043 953 9,996 Aug. 2 2,129 183 2,312 „ 10 8,854 672 9,526 9 6 2,533 159 2,692 » 17 8,069 368 8,437 „ 16 6 2,901 137 3,038 24 11,374 719 12,093 „ 23 6 3,576 165 3,741 July 1 9,559 598 10,157 „ 30 6 4,626 160 4,786 >> 8 10,504 791 11,295 Sept. 6 6 6,089 157 6,246 » 15 12,055 2,287 14,342 „ 13 6 4,464 126 4,590 ?> 22 7,294 656 7,950 „ 20 6 3,334 161 3,495 29 9,884 546 10,430 „ 27 6 3,601 155 3,756 Aug. 5 11,695 2,758 14,453 Oct. 4 6 2,391 178 2,569 '> 12 5,265 393 5,658 „ 11 6 2,058 154 2,212 jj 19 6,299 308 6,607 „ 18 6 2,570 185 2,755 26 6,8(18 267 7,155 „ 25 6 2,782 181 2,963 Sept. 2 .5,999 460 6,459 1874. >j 9 7,090 713 7,803 April 4 Nil — 1,532 1,532 ,, 16 11,181 611 11,792 » 11 3,164 278 3,442 >' 23 13,584 857 14,441 „ 18 2,772 245 3,017 30 14,605 1,495 16,100 „ 25 2,469 226 2,695 "l87 2. May 2 3,287 309 3,596 April 27 Nil — 10,000 10,000 „ 9 2,797 312 3,109 May 4 5 814 1,569 2,383 „ 16 2,816 343 3,159 )) 11 5,760 2,013 7,773 „ 23 2,928 297 3,225 18 5,500 ],205 6,705 „ 30 3,413 350 3,763 j> 25 6,352 1,081 7,433 June 6 3,110 1,317 4,427 June 1 7,578 1,019 8,597 „ 13 3,197 281 3,478 ,, 8 7,088 930 8,018 „ 20 4,730 1,578 6,308 » 15 5,476 766 6,242 „ 27 2,703 290 2,993 »> 22 5,515 764 6,279 July 4 2,557 275 2,832 )> 29 5,496 698 6,194 » 11 3,617 1,259 4,876 July 6 3,905 561 4,466 „ 18 1,754 264 2,018 » 13 3,862 548 4,410 „ 25 1,757 252 2,009 >» 20 4,071 580 4,651 Aug. 1 1,562 205 1,767 j> 27 3,351 438 3,789 8 1,741 229 1,970 Aug. 3 3 297 445 3,742 „ 15 1,973 210 2,183 » 10 3,797 480 4,277 „ 22 1,556 264 1,820 » 17 3,428 353 3,781 „ 29 1,698 226 1,924 » 24 3,239 368 3,607 Sept. 5 3 3,000 256 3,256 >5 31 3,647 428 4,075 „ 12 3 5,389 239 5,628 Sept. 7 3,155 334 3,489 „ 19 3 5,734 250 5.984 ?J 14 3,464 375 3,839 „ 26 3 5,527 236 5,763 5> 21 3,633 411 4,044 Oct. 3 3 3,640 198 3,838 28 4,361 570 4,931 ., 10 3 4,258 207 4,465 Oct. 5 2,681 400 3,081 » 17 3 4,534 211 4,745 jj 12 2,794 512 3,306 ' „ 24 1 11,049 191 11,240 >' 19 2,363 G97 3,060 „ 31 1 13,832 259 14,091 1873. April 19 26 4,702 5,152 5,8.-18 455 419 5,157 5,571 Gi and total 596,838 May 3 1,312 7,150 Abstrac r. „ 10 4,758 357 5,115 Mondays - 564,671 j> 17 5,205 947 6,152 Tuesdays - 481,417 „ 24 5 083 313 5,396 Wednesdays - 223,636 „ 31 4,856 941 5,800 i Thursday s - 490,269 June 7 4,257 291 4,548 i Fridays - - 399,070 „ 14 2 6 2,374 1,662 4,036 Saturdays - 596,838 21 2 6 1.778 3,170 2,040 3,818 3,357 „ 28 1 'l87 Total - 2,75 5,901 Numbers of Visitors Daily. E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. 190 APPENDIX LVII. APPENDIX LVII. 1874. Comparison COMPARISON of NUMBERS and RECEIPTS at various Rates of Admission. of Numbers and Keceipts. — ^ Shilling weeks, exclusive of Bank"! holiday weeks - - -j Three-penny weeks - - - One-penny weeks - - - Remarks. Admission of Schools, &c. It was resolved in 1871 that school children in parties of not less than 50, accompanied by their teachers, should be admitted at a charge of Qd. each, and this rule was followed in the subsequent years. E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E APPENDIX LVIII. 191 APPENDIX LVIII. Annual International Exhibitions. Receipts and Numbers during the years 1871-4. No. I. Eeceipts and Numbers. Season Tickets. Receipts by Pay- ment at the Doors, including Value of Tickets passed. Net Receipts. No. of Ad- missions. Year. Price. No. sold. Gross Receipts. Total each Year. 1871 £ s. 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 3 2 1,830 1,296 32 357 2,306 505 115 14 89 A s. d. 5,764 10 2,721 12 33 12 £ s. d. £ s. d. — 8,115 19 2,707 4 530 5 102,968 97,580 42,370 8,519 14 102,968 1872 749 14 2,421 6 3,171 97,580 1873 530 5 42,370 1874 575 42 178 1,034 7,765 10 48,749 14 795 57,263 16 29,631 18 19,832 1 13,705 2 9 1* 3 10 40,942 2,068 62,124 974,994 334 1,580 28,580 500,151 18,935 20,316 372,663 64,493 8,951 262,987 69,344 84,521 795 40,942 ■ 1871 10s. days 2s. 6d „ Is. „ 10s. 5s. 2s. 6d. „ Is. 6d. evenings. 2s. 6d. days Is. Qd. 2s. r,d. „ Is. 3d. Id. „ — — 57,549 4 1,039,186 1872 167 395 3,572 10 25,007 11 473 7 6 29,615 8 6 549,580 1873 2,539 10 18,633 3 1,612 6 6 22,784 19 6 457,472 1874 1,118 17 6 13,149 7 866 16 352 3 5 15,487 3 11 425,803 2,755,901 * Net receipts in 1872 include money taken for promenades. E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. 192 APPENDIX LIX. Receipts and Numbers. X X I— I p "e "* - eo~ o rH - il Ne seipts fear : Tick nd ission :i2 « to (N tf o> OS (M O to ^ 2 2 » to 00 t^ ^ ^^•> tc oT oT CO o _Ki in C^l 0^ . '55 o »3 ^== o o o o (S 0) 1 o . OS 00 rt Tf Ifl o 00 O t>. o in 00 d o CO OS ^ o CO *-« QQ^ e^ (>r ^ o a^, »n ,_, , 1 ,L O eo ■* ■^ o w Total Admii sions each Year. ""i. ■-^ 00^ t^ OS_^ O M H 1 00 I— 1 oT OS to" to in" in S^ (M ^ <1 o o P J§ 1 00 1 1 00 m Iz; f fl o5 o tj 00 to o 00 o 1^ o to §1 OS_ o CO OS 00 a3.2 'S. t>r oi o CO c»H o OS ■* -* oo '3 "« -^ fj 00 CO •o 00 Tf ^ o § g o to o ■<* to o (M in to ciT s>r • \ eo 1 «D_ g (M ^ ^ [ 1 •^ ^ * CO CO F-^ O O o eo CO - , CO eo 00 i 1 00 in in >n 1 1 !3 rt . t^ i^ t^ -w 0) 00 00 00 00 O >^ H P3 O o H O d f4 ■) APPENDIX LX. 193 O M H M s w X 2 EH h^ -*! P <1 1 °1 00 CO 10 Forei and Co j^ Gooc §- d '** t^ 00 rH a 03 rH oaial •^naDuiA -IS 1 1 1 C4 (N "BJiOOg BAO^ - 1 - 1 (N bD .9 03 O "i .2 'a i o V ■3 •■Bipni 1 00 IN •J§no3 Snojj c» 1 1 1 OS •S9IU0J03 OBisBiBHSny to (N 00 CO OS •sainojoQ UBOujY 1 1 1 0> 0> •spaB^sj Bag q^nog 1 1 r-; 1 t>. •BjiBqdisajVi 1 ^ 1 1 I-H •sa^B^g pajtujl « « to 1 •i8j[inx •* ^ CO - ^ -g *S o nj m ^^ "^ *3 o 'o O o3 H ,bJO "S O O (^ m a fl '0 o K P H H w •BI9I3J (Mill (N •uapaAig pat' Ibavjo^ U3 to s 00 0^ 'xmdv.p '* 1 in ■* 1^ ■Jivzn t-- 00 ■.^BSaiijj '"' 1 to 10 •pirenoH ■«1< ■* CO 1^ 00 •3033J9 1 1 1 w o» CO CO 00 00 •aoaujj 00 to 00 CO 00 00 •;diCS3 en 1 w 1 •j[jBnin9Q - s •BUiqO 1 - « CO «o V •Bin.iojipQ 1 1 1 o> 01 •oaujog^ 1 1 - 1 - •luniSpcj; 51 «0 CO •■Btusny i-H r- Ti< o „ to t« a _o a Art strie « a 1 1— ( fl 1 "3 o -M o *a H 3 ^3 1-^ o> 00 in O) X 3 o H (N in i^ t~- P^ »n in eo «n >o -* »— 1 p-« eo o '" 's w 1 1 m 1 in 1 1 1 *-• to o ^ TO s>l 1 ^^ Cj OS kii o o m »>. -tt ,-, . c* O O 1 M 1 eo t^ sz: o M SI CO r^ ci O t^ 00 (N o t>. o o l-H CT ■* C5 »>. H > '-' t^ ■<*' ■"i. ^ "^ ■» O Q CO •-' in H M +i in Oi in o P3 be o> CO CO^ o 00 to eo_^ oo" b o a o> :3: c. eo in O o (N t^ in H OJ 00 « o in a> °°~ rO o pT ^~* ■* CO o +3 o «D ,_ to to o> f^ to 5 -* f-H r—* i-H 00 +i O CO bo s cS s p o lO (N 00 to ,_t M in CO eo eo to '% « eo t^ ■* N CO t^ o (— ( -s CD § in o» tC o oo c^ tj* to in 00 u (N eo Tf "3 s t^ r^ »^ t^ « 00 00 00 00 S tH wi o H O O H Q d f4 00 a > o o APPENDIX LXII. 195 APPENDIX LXII. Annual International Exhibitions. Return showing J.he mean Temperature insid** and outside the Buildirgs for Temperature. each Month during which the Exhibition was open. Date. Inside. Outside. Remarks. 1871. May 59-50 59-50 „ June . . - 61-25 61-00 „ July 67-50 67-25 „ August ... 69-75 72-00 „ September - - - 63-25 61-75 Mean for the year 64-25 64-50 1872. May 60-00 53-50 / „ June - - - 66-50 66-25 „ July 71-00 73-00 „ August - 67-00 68-00 „ September - - - 65 - 50 63-50 „ October - - - 57-50 51-50 Mean for the year 64-58 62-62 1873. April 57-00 58-00 „ May 59-75 63-00 „ June _ _ . 67-25 70-75 „ July 68-30 78-25 „ August - - - 68-00 72-75 „ September - - - 6 1 - 50 63-00 „ October . - - 58-50 53-25 Mean for the year 62-92 65-57 1874. April 59-50 63-00 „ May - - _ 57-50 61-25 „ June _ . - 64-50 70-00 „ July ... 69-00 76-25 „ August 65-25 69-25 „ September - - - 63 • 25 65-00 „ October - - - 60-50 56-00 Mean for the year 62-79 65-96 E. G. Clayton, Capt. R.E. N 2 196 APPENDIX LXITI. APPENDIX LXIII. Printed PRINTED DOCUMENTS and EonMS used in carrying on the ?n(lTrms BUSINESS of the LONDON INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS in an^rms. ^^^ YeARS 18? 1, 2, 3, 4. INDEX, 1871. No. 7. 7 a. 7b. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 21a, 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Nature of Document. General Rules and Regulations. Do. French. Do. German. Extract from Report of Britisli Commis- sioner. Paris Exhibition, 1867. Do. French. Do. German. Specimen showing the Fonn of Cata- logue. Proposed Distribution of Space. Allotment of Space to Foreign Countries. Letter accompanying Specimen Cata- logue. Do. French. Do. German. Announcement. Do. French. . Do. German. Allotment of Space to Foreign Countries. Fine Arts. General Regulations. Pottery. General Regulations. Woollen and Worsted Fabrics. General Regulations. Educational Works and Appliances. General Regulations. Scientific Inventions and New Dis- coveries. General Regulations. Letter announcing Conference at Society of Alts. Special Arrangements for Foreign Exhi- bitors. Fine Arts. General Regulations for Foreign Exhibitors. Pottery. General Regulations for Foreign Exhibitors. Woollen and Worsted Fabrics. General Regulations for Foreign Exhibitors. Educational Works and Appliances. General Regulations for Foreign Exhibitors. Scientific Inventions and New Dis- coveries. General Regulations for Foreign Exhibitors. Dates for Delivery of Goods. Do. Foreign. * Preliminary Application for the Admis- sion of Objects. Acknowledgment of Preliminary Appli- cation. Regulations for the Meetings and Exhi- bitions of the Royal Horticultural Society, in connection with the Annual International Exhibitions. Letter announcing Conference at Society of Arts. Letter declining articles Inadmissible to Exhibition of 1871. No. Nature of Document. 27. Fine Arts. Alteration in Rules. 28. General Conditions for the Erection of Supplementary Galleries. 29. Observations on the Special Principles of the Exhibition foi the Information- of Her Majesty's Consuls. 30. Special Note on the Fine Arts Division. 31. Conference ou Pottery Trsides. 32. Summons for Committee Meetings. 33. Circular Letter relative to the Exhibition of Steam Engines. 34. Fan Competition. Conditions. 35. Educational Works ' and Appliances. Special Regulations. 36. Circular Letter to School Managers soliciting Specimens of School work. 37. Preliminary Application for the Admis- sion of Specimens of School-work. 38. Specification of Glass Cases required for the Exhibition of 187 1. 39. Tender for Glass required for Cases and Universal Frames. 40. Statement of Objects Admissible to Exhibition of 1871. 41. Circular Letter to Musical Instrument Makers relative to the Admission of Instruments Adapted to School Use. 42. Approximate Statement of Space required for Objects to be sent by Foreign Commissions. 43. Abstract of some of the Applications under the head of Scientific Inventions and New Discoveries. 44. Pottery. Class 8. Statement of Space Required. 45. Letter to School Managers relative to sending in Specimens for Exhibition in Section e. 46. Form of Certificate to accompany Speci- mens of School- work. 47. Letter to Foreign Commissioners asking for particulars for Catalogue. Form for Particulars for Catalogue — 48a. Fine Arts, in English and French. 48b. Manufactures, in English and French 48c. Scientific Inventions and New Dis- coveries, in English and French. Form of Label, to be attached to Objects sent by Foreign Exhibitors — 49a. Division I. 49b. Division II. 49c. Division III. 50. Fine Arts. Applications made to Artists. 51. Letter to Artists asking them to send works. 52. Letter to Artists asking them to send works. 63. Oflicial Catalogues. Conditions of Tender. APPENDIX LXIII. 197 No. Nature op Document. 54. Woollen and Worsted Fabrics. State- ment of Space required. 65. Letter to Foreign Commissioners on the subject of the carriage and unpacking of Objects. 56. Commission Forms for the Conveyance and Examination of Goods. 57. Calling attention to Paragraphs IV. and V. Pottery Rules. 68. Letter relative to the Postponement of the Delivery of Goods. 59 Letter asking for a Sketch of Works proposed to be sent as Works of Fine Art. 60. Letter Declining Works for Exhibition of 187L 6L Letter Declining Works, but stating that they will be represented at some future time. 62a. Division I. Fine Arts. Letter showing the information required for the Cata- logTie. 62b. Division II. Manufactures. Letter showing the information required for the Catalogue. 62c. Division III. Scientific Inventions and New Discoveries. Letter showing the information required for the Catalogue. Form of Particulars for Catalogue — 63a. Fine Arts. 63b. Manu%ctures. 63c. Scientific Inventions and New Dis- coveries. Form of Label to be attached to each Object sent — 64a. Fine Arts. 64b. Manufactures. 64c. Scientific Inventions and New Dis- coveries. List of Objects delivered at Exhibition Buildings — e.'Ja. Fine Arts. G-^h. Manufactures. 65c. Scientific Inventions and New Dis- coveries. 66. Letter asking the number of Specimens of School-work to be sent. 67. Label for Specimens of School-work. 68. Letter stating Name has been put on List of Applicants for Employment. 69. Letter stating Name has been placed on the List of Applicants for Employ- ment, by direction. 70. List of Objects Transmitted to the Ex- hibition from Foreign Countries. 7 1 . Letters respecting the Delivery of Objects to the Exhibition. 72 Letter as to Securing a Representation of the Musical Execution of Different Countries. 73. Letter sending Catalogue Forms and req - 361 422 1,063 1,846 September - - - 407 540 1,257 2,204 October . . - 635 868 2,515 4,018 November . . - 827 875 667 2,369 December - - . 487 674 262 1,423 Total - - - 13,878 14,698 28,257 56,833 T. A. Wright, Secretary to the Executive. 208 APPENDIX LXV. APPENDIX LXV. ANNUAL INTER- A Geneeal Account showing the Eeceipt and Expenditure on Account Outstanding Keceipts. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. Totals. Money borrowed by the Royal Commis- sioners, and advanced to defray Works of a permanent nature connected with the Series of Annual Ex- hibitions Beceipts for admissions, &c. to the Exhibi- tions, viz.: — Season Tickets Other Receipts for Admissions - Catalogues and Miscellaneous Receipts s. d. 80,000 8,115 19 59,865 9 5 8,452 8 6 76,433 16 11 s. d. 20,000 2,707 5 10 29,691 3 7 6,907 11 1 39,306 6 156,433 16 11 59,306 6 48,947 16 8 & s. d. 21,186 530 5 19,926 10 9 7,305 11 27,761 16 8 $. d. £ s. d. 30,000 151,186 846 3 8 13,994 9 10 1,558 8 9 135,677 7 1 24,223 9 3 16,399 2 3 159,900 16 4 46,399 2 3 311,086 16 4 No. of Visitors - Assets. — Cost of Purchases (unsold) - - 3,344/. 6s. lie?. Glass cases and fittings estimated to be worth 8,000/., a part of which has been realiaed. 1871 - - 1,142,154 1872 - 647,160 1873 - 499,842 1874 - 466,745 Examined and approved. W. G. Anderson, 4 May 1875. APPENDIX LXV. APPENDIX LXV. 209 NATIONAL EXHIBITIONS. of the Series of Annual Exhibitions from 1871 to 1874, including Liabilities. Expenditure. 187L 1872. 1873. 1874. Totals. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ «. d. Works of a perma- nent nature, charge- able against Money borrowed, viz.: — Buildings 93,180 8,055 15 0* — 4,503 15 Of 105,739 10 Machinery Fittings - Works chargeable 5,314 19 2 13,755 1 6 78 15 5 947 19 8 — — 5,393 14 7 505 42 15,250 9 112,250 8 9,082 9 8 505 4,545 15 126,883 5 4 AGAINST Current Receipts: — Secretariat (Sala-~ ries and Ex- penses) General Manage- ment (ditto) . Manufactures, Ma- 1 chinery, and | 49,603 10 39,921 2 2 34,493 15 3 29,323 19 8 153,342 7 I Buildings (Sala- ries and Ex- penses) - Fine Art Depart- ment (ditto) Interest on bor- rowed Moneys - 4,129 2 11 4,799 13 5 4,394 8 4 2,096 18 5 15,420 3 1 Payments to the Royal Horticul- * ^ tural Society 5,030 11 365 5 10 1,000 750 7,145 6 9 58,762 13 10 45,086 1 5 39,888 3 7 32,170 18 1 175,907 16 11 171,012 14 6 54,168 11 1 40,393 3 7 36,716 13 1 302,291 2 3 Balance - £ 8,795 14 1 311,086 16 4 * Including purchase of Belgian Annexe. t Purchase of the French Annexe. James Richards, Accountant. 35841. 210 APPENDIX LXVI. APPENDIX LXVI. Detailed STATEMENT of tlie RECEIPTS of the ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL EXHI- Keceipts and Expenditure. BiTiONS showing the Revenue of each year's Exhibition. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. Total. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Season tickets 8.649 12 2,707 3 10 530 5 846 3 8* 12,733 4 6 Daily admissions 56,730 3 9 29,691 3 7 19,926 10 9 13,994 9 10 120,342 7 11 Admissions to Horticultural 2,601 12 8 2,601 12 8 Gardens. Retiring rooms 970 14 10 513 16 2 332 15 2 237 9 3 2,054 15 1 Lift - - . - 5.5.5 11 9 — 380 14 3 253 15 4 1,190 1 4 Concerts in hall 1,538 4 1 66 8 4 1,138 10 6 — 2,743 2 11 Sundry receipts, including 5,387 17 10 6,327 8 7 3,577 4 1 940 15 11 16,233 6 5 catalogue and refreshment contracts. School of cookery and sale of — — 1,875 16 11 24 13 3 1,900 10 2 books. Admission to wine vaults — — — 101 15 101 15 76,433 16 11 39,306 6 27,761 16 8 16,399 2 31 159,900 16 4 * Chiefly subscriptions to promote visits for technical instruction, t Receipts to 31st March 1875, 15,973/. 7s. 3d.', assets, 425/. I5s. Statement of the Expenditure of the Annual International Ex- hibitions showing the Cost of Management of each Exhibition to 31st December 1874. 1871. • 1872. 1873. 1874. Total. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Salaries and wages 18,974 13 7 8,780 2 3 13,960 3 2 10,605 7 52,320 6 Travelling - . . 549 2 1 416 15 4 132 1 11 115 8 4 1,213 7 8 Printing and stationery 2,044 15 9 1,561 2 4 1,495 14 1,216 7 3 6,317 19 5 Postage and telegrams 647 18 3 586 11 1 393 300 7 6 1,927 16 11 Fire brigade and police 4,170 17 3 4,572 12 9 1,805 6 2,879 2 1 13,427 18 5 Purchases and carriage of 3,102 9 10 965 14 1 1,321 747 13 4 6,136 17 10 works of art. Fuel and light 339 3 11 1,037 7 Included water. in Included water. in 1,376 4 6 Water 387 1 5 221 13 9 .533 16 8 667 2 6 1,809 14 4 Sundries ... 2,484 7 6 642 16 9 321 13 2 439 9 4 3,888 6 9 Advertisements 5,842 15 2 3,651 10 3 1,942 16 8 1,948 8 6 12,885 10 7 Reports, guides, and publica- 878 18 343 18 11 157 16 335 8 1 1,716 1 tions. Rent, taxes, insurance, &c. - 255 12 418 10 8 200 7 3 225 17 6 1,100 7 5 Opening ceremonial - 1,458 7 7 606 16 2 — — 2,065 3 9 Music, bauds, and organists - 5,007 7 8 1,860 12 6 476 10 724 8,068 10 2 Interest on borrowed capital - 4,129 2 11 4,799 13 5 4,394 8 4 2,096 18 5 15,420 3 1 Royal Horticultural Society - 5,030 11 365 5 10 1,000 7.50 7,145 6 9 Royal Albert Hall (for use of) 3,960 - - 3,425 15 10 3,543 10 5 10,929 6 3 Buildings, machinery, fitments — 4,595 2 — — 4,595 2 Maintenance, reception, and — 8,777 8 9 4,198 12 3 3,241 19 7 16,218 7 arrangement. Processes, including school of — 882 14 2,962 14 981 11 9 4,826 19 9 cookery. Medals ... — — - 887 14 7 9.12 16 10 1,820 11 5 Shah of Persia's visit - — - - 278 12 8 — 278 12 8 Ethnological Museum — - - — 419 9 8 419 9 8 58,762 13 10 45,086 1 5 39,888 3 7 32,170 18 i: 175,907 16 11 X Payments to 31st March 187.5, 31,092/. lis. 5d. ; liabilities, 1,078/. 6s. 8 rj-a._o3i2S'5!3SCV?.'>':-;