A JOURNEY INTO ENGLAND. B Y PAUL HENTZNER, In the Year M.D.XC.VIII. PRINTED AT STRAWBERRY-HILL. M DCC LVII. I To THE Right Honourable H U G H, Lord WiLLouGHBY of Parham, PRESIDENT; T O T H E COUNCIL AND FELLOWS Of the Society of A N T I Q_U ARIES, This Edition and Translation, o F Part of the Itinerary of HENTZNERUS, Is offered with great Refpe£t by the Editor, HORACE WALPOLE, F. S. A. and F. R. S. Advertifement. D Odlor Birch, in his fum- mary of Sir Thomas Edmondes's State-papers, has pubUfhed a fhort extradl from the following obfolete Author, which, for the elegance of the Latin, and the remarkable de- fcription of queen Elizabeth, has been defervedly admired: Her bell: portraits fcarcely exhi- bit a more lively image. The [ " ] The original work, of which perhaps there are not above four, or five copies in England, is an itinerary through Ger- many, England, France, and Italy, performed by Hentzner, a travelling tutor to a young German nobleman. That Dr. Birch has extradled the moft interefting paflage in the whole book, is certain : Yet it re- cords fome circumftances and cuftoms, not unworthy the notice of an Englifh Antiqua- rian, and which ai*e mentioned no I [ iii ] no where elfe. For thefe rea- fonsj I flatter myfelf, that a publication of the part relating to our own country, might not be an unacceptable prefent to perfons of curiofity. The tranflation, was the produdlion of the idle hours of another Gentleman. The Author feems to have had that laborious, and indif- criminate paflion for seeing, which is remarked in his coun- trymen ; and as his Tranflator obferved, enjoyed as much the doubtful [ iv ] doubtful head, of a more doubtful faint in pickle, as any upon the fhoulders of the beft Grecian ftatue. Fortunately fo memorable a perfonage as queen Elizabeth, happened to fall under his notice. Ten years later, he would have been as accurate in painting Anne of Denmark ! The excefs of refpeAfitl ceremonial ufed at decking her Majefty's table, though not in her prefence, and the kind of adoration and genufledion paid to [ V ] to her perfon, approach to Eaftern homage. When we obferve fuch worfliip offered to old Woman, with * bare neck, black teeth, and falfe red hair, it makes one fmile ; but makes one refled: what mafculine fenfe was couched under thofe weakneffes, and wWch could command fuch awe from a nation Uke Eng- Jand ! Npt to anticipate the enter- tainment of the reader, I fhall make but one rn^ore refledion. B We [vi] We are apt to think that Sir WiUiam Temple, and king William, were in a manner the introducers of gardening into England : By the defcrip- tion of lord Burleigh's gardens at Theobalds, and of thofe at Nonfuch, we find that the magnificent, though falfe tafte, was known here as early as the reigns of Henry VIII. and his Daughter. There is fcarce an unnatural and fumptuous im- propriety at Verfailles, which we do not find in Hentzner's defcription of the gardens above-mentioned. With [ vli ] With regard to the ortho- graphy of proper Names, though correded in the tran- llation, I have left them in the original as I found them Accuracy in that particular, was not the Author's merit : It is a merit peculiar to Eng- liflimen : The French are ne- gligent of it to an afFedation ; yet the author of Les Me- langes Hijloriques complains that other nations corrupt French names! He himfelf gives fome Englifh ones in B 2 p. 247, t ^iii ] p. 247, 248. which it is im- poffible to decypher. Baffom- pierre calls York-houfe, Jor- chauxy and Kenlington, In- himthort. As a foldier and embafiador, he was not oblig- ed to know the names of Houfes ; when he turned author, there was no excule for not being intelligible. Even Voltaire, who writes the lan- guage fo well, is carelefs in our titles. In England, it is the defecft of a fervant to blunder in proper names. It is one of thofe filly pretenfions to [ ix ] to politenefs, which nations that affed: a fuperiority, have always cultivated For in all alFedations, defeds are merits. The readers of hiftory love certainty : It is pity the wri- ters do not. What confufion would it have faved, if it had not been the cuftom of the Jews to call every Darius and Artaxerxes, Ahafuerus ! It were to be wifhed, that all nations would be content to ufe the appellations which people, or refpedive countries have chofen for themfelves. Proper names ought C^3 ought never to be tortured to any particular idiom. What a ridiculous compofition is Jlulu- gel ! Who can conceive that Meylandt^ fignifies Milan ; or Leghorn, Livorno P When one is mifled by a proper name, the only ufe of which is to dired:, one feels like the Country- man, who complained, Ti)a^ the houfes hindered him from feeing Paris, The thing be- comes an obftrudion to itfelf. HEN- H E N T Z N E R's ACCOUNT O F ENGLAND. Ik the Year M.D.XC.VIII. HENTZNERI ITINERARIUM. AD oppidulum Rye, ubi portus eft An- gliae, pervenimus. Quam primum hie nave eflemus egrelfi, Notario loci nomina noftra dedimus, prius tamen interrogati, quid negotii nobis in hoc Regno futurum ? Ubi refponfuni eflet, nos infulae perluftr^das gra- tia folummodo hue advenifle, in diverforium dedudti, & pro Regionis more, bene & laute fuimus hahiti. Equis curforiis Londinum profe6^:i fumus. Mira horum celeritas ; levibus reguntur frenis ; ephippiis utuntur, ultra fpithamam, vix me- dium digitum latis. Flimvvolt, H E N T Z N E R's TRAVELS. E arrived at Rye, a fmall Englifh \ \ fea-port. Here, as foon as we came on fliore, we gave in our names to the Notary of the place, but not till he had demanded our bufinefs j and being anfwered. That we had none but to fee England : We were conduced to an inn, where, we were very well entertained j as one generally is in this country. We took poft horfes for London : It Is furprizing how fwiftly they run, their bridles are very light, and their faddles, little more than a fpan over. C Flimwell, 2 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Flimv VOLT, pagus in Anglia. Hlc priori- bus equis dimiflis, alios confcendimus. ^hii isi.e TuMBRiUGE, AngHae pagum, tranfivinStig. Chepsted, Angliae pagus, in quo fecunda vice priores equi dimittiintul'j & ndvi eo-hlu- cuntur. : ' LoNDiNUM, totius Angliae caput, atque metropolis; Cornel io Tacito, Londinium ; Ptolomxo, LoNGiDiNiUM ; Ammiano Mar- ccllino, LuNDiNiUM ; exteris Londra & LoNDRES ; incolis London dicitur ; Bri- tannici imperii fedes Regumque Angliae Car mera ; urbs eft antiquiflima, in comitatu Midlefexia, regione totius Angliae feraciflima & faluberrima, ad flumen Thamefim lx. pafl'uum millia ab oceano fita ; cujus quidem primmn omnium fundatorem, Brutum fuillc, A ; & fuccedente tempore, per commuta- tionem linguarum, Lundene, ac pofteaLuN- t)RES, dicta fuit. Mortuus tandem Lud, in hac urbe fepultus eft, juxta portam illam, quae hoc etiam tempore, PoR Lud, Britannice, Saxonies vero Ludesgate nuncupatur. Nobilis ille fluvius Thamefis, primo Ifis hominatus, paulo fupra Vinchelcombiam vi- cum oritur, deinde rivis paffim au^tus, citra Oxonium, cum flumine Thami, jun6lis aquis, nomen quoqne conjungit ; ad extremum im- mani HENTZNER's Travels. 3 thofe this fituation, for the convenience of the river, calling it Troja nova, which name was afterwards corrupted into Tri- NOVANT. But when Lud, the brother of Caffibilan, or Caflivelan, who warred againft Julius Caefar, as he himfelf mentions, lib. 5. de Bell. Gall, came to the crown, he encomr paffed it with very ftrong walls, and towers very artfully conftruded, and from his own name called it Caier Lud, i. e. Lud's City. This name was corrupted into that of CiER- LUNDA, and again in time by change ot language, into Lundres. Lud, when he died, was buried in this town, near that gate which is yet called in Welch, PoR Lud, in Saxon, Ludesgate. The famous river Thames, owes part of its ftream, as well as of its appellation, to the Ifis ; rifmg a little above Winchelcomb, and being encreafed with fcveral rivulets, unites both its waters, and its name to the Thame, on the other fide of Oxford, thence after paffing by London, and being of the ut- moft 4 HENTZNERI Itinrrarium. m.mi maris aeftu (qui bis, ut ait Gemma Frifius Jvxv. horarum fpacio amplius Lxxx. pafllium millibus fluit ac refluit, Polydorus Vergilius Urbinas lib. i. Jngl. Hijl, fcribit, Themefim fluvium xxiv. horarum fpacio, bis fluere atque refluere, amplius lx. pafluum millibus) excipitur, atque navigabilis ac vaf- tus, permagno mortalium commodo, ipfam urbem alluens, in oceanum influit. Porro urbs Londinenfisj : & per fe maxi- ma eft, & fuburbia habet ampliflima, nec non arccm, Turrim appellatam, pukherrime ex- trudtam. -^dificiis vero atq\i? tempi is magnifice or- natur, vicenis fupra centejias aedibusj quas Parochisales yocant, yener^hij^. nf:t; r H-i^ ■■.•ds'jfc .vet; 4i»mo{ i-bkii.- Meridiem verfus, pontem habet lapideum, 800 pedes longum, opus certe mirabile ; et enim jxx^. ftant ex lapide quadrato pilae, altae pedes Lx. latas xxx. diftantque inter lb. circi- ter pedes xx. fornicibus conjun£lae, fuper cu- jus HENTZNER*s Travels. 4 moft utility, frorti its greatttefs and naviga- tion, it opens into a vaft arm of the fea, from whence the tide, according to Gem- ma Frifius, flows and ebbs to the diftance of 80 miles, twice in 25 hours, and according to Polydore Virgil, above 60 miles, twice in 24 hours. This city being very large of itfelf, has very extenfive fuburbs, and a fort, called the Tower, of beautiful ftrufture. It is magni- ficently ornamented, with public buildings and churches, of which there are above 123 parochial. On the South, is a bridge of ftone, 800 feet in length, of wonderful work ; it is fup- ported upon 20 piers of fquare ftone, 60 feet high, and 30 broad, joined by arches of about 20 feet diameter. The Whole is cover- ed on each fide with houfes, fo difpofed, as to have the appearance of a continued ftreet, not at all of a bridge. Upon 5 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. jus dorfo, domlcilia utrinque ea difpofttione 6 ordine cernuntur, ut perpetui fere vici fpe-* ciem, non pontis cxhjbeant. Ponti Londinenfi turris inaedlficata eft, in cujus fummitate, reorum laefae majeftatis, & patriae proditorum capita, perticis ferreis affixa confpiciuntur, ultra triginta nos horum nume- ravimus. Paulus lovius clariflimas Britanniae urbes defcribens ; harum omnium, inquit, famam, Londinum penitus obfcurat, Trinobantum, ut plures exiftimant, civitas, C. lulio Caefari nuncupata, totius Britanniae regia, multarum gentium commercio nobilitata, exculta domi- bus, ornata templis, excelfa arcibus, & deni- que rerum omnium copia, atque opum afflu- entia, valde mirabilis. Invehit in earn totius orbis opes ipfe Thamefis, ftatis horis, oceani aeftibus fuperbus & tumidus, onerariis navi- bus ab oftio per lx. millia paffuum, ad ur- bem, tuto Temper & praealto alveo, naviga- bilis. Ripas undique peramoenae villae, prae-' - •- diis HENTZNER's Travel?. $' Upon this is built a tower^ on whofe. top the heads of fuch as have been executed for high treafon, are placed upon iron fpikes t We counted above 30» Paukis lovius, in his defcription of the moft remarkable towns in England, fays, all are obfcured by London : Which in the opi- nion of many is Caefar's city of the Trino- bantes, the capital of all Britain, famous for- the commerce of many nations ; it's houfes are elegantly built, it's churches fine, it's towns ftrong, and it^s riches and abundance furprizing. The wealth of the world is wafted to it by the Thames, fwelled by the tide, ' and navigable to merchant fliipS,- through a fafe and deep channel for 60 miles, from its mouth to the city : It's banks are every where beautified with fine country, feats, woods, and ftirms ; belbw^ is the royal' palace of Greenwich ; above, that: of Rich- D mond i 6 HKNTZNERI iTiNERARmM-. diis atque nemoribus diftindae paflim exor^ iiant. Ab inferiore fcilicet parte regia domus,. Griniwicia, ita Anglke a viridariis appellate ; et in fuperiore praetorium, nomine Ricemun- diiOT j in medio auteni nobilis ftrudurae exur- git Weftmonailerium, ^ occidua urbis partCy fc»ro ludiciali, five Parlamento, ac D. Petri templo, regum fepulchris exornato, longe clariffimum. Atque item vigefimo lapide a Londino, regium caftrum, Vindoforige, fece- dentis regis peramoena fede, aliquotque regum fepulchris & Garretteriorum fodalium ceremo- ma. percekbre^ Olores autem agminatim, l^eto occurfu, &• feftivis cantibus fubeuntes clafles excipiunt, ac undique retia filuris atque Salmonibus expand untur^ lungitur ad urbcm lapideo ponte ftruftura mirifici operis, nec ullis imbribus augetur^ cum unis tantum aefti- bus intumefcat. Haifenus Paulus lovius, . Porro Londinum, tcfte Polydoro Vergilio B. j^. Jngl. Hiji. ab Archenini, five Erchen- vini regis ufque temporibus, regia civitas eft^ & regni caputs civibus & alienigenis frequen- tiflimay HENTZNER's Travels. (> mond ; and between both, on the Weft of X«ondon, rife the noble buildings of "Weft- Tninfter, moft remarkable for the courts of Juftice, the Parliament, and St. Peter's church, enriched with the royal tombs. At the f king Archeninus, or Erchenvinus. Here D 2 the ,7 HENTZ-NERI Itin^erarium. tiffima, divitiis atque opibus affluens, emporio celeherrima. In ed regcs diademate regio in- figniuntur, regnoque caeremoniis fplcndidiflimis inaugurantur ; in ea confilium five Parlamen- tum celebratur. Adminiftratur autem antiquo Britannorum regum privilcgio a xxiv. civibus, quos Angli Aldermannos quafi Seniores vo- cant ; ex quorum numero praetorem urba-t nam, Majorem eorum lingua appellatum, Xribunofque duos, Scervios vocatos, ipfimet annua commutationc eligunt, qui in jure di- cundo legibus municipalibus utuntur. Mira eruditillimorum virorum, cum in universa Bri-^ tannia, tum in hac potiffimum urbe femper extitit fertilitas, qui inter Scriptorcs cclebra- tinimi enituerunt. Patent urbis mcenia fcx portis, quae no- vatoe nova etiam afllimferunt nomina. Ad occafum duae funt, I. LuDGATE, a Luddo rege omnium anti- qui'ffima, cujus nomen etiamnum hodie f'u- pra portam incifum extat ; five Flutgate, quo- rundam opinione, a fiuviolo fubjeilo, ut Por- ta HENTZNER's Travels. 7 .tlie kings are crowned, and folemnly inaugu- jated, and 'the council of the nation, or Par- liament is held. The government of the city is lodged by antient grant of the kings .'of rBritain, in 24 Aldermen, that is, Seniors : Thefe annually ele6t out of their own body a Mayor, and two SherifFs, who determine caufes according to the municipal laws. It has always had, as indeed Britain in general, -k great number df men of learning, much diftinguillied for their writings. The ivalls areipierced with fix gsttes, which as they were rebuilt, acquired new names. Two look Eaftward : I, LuDGATE, the oldeft, fo called from king Lud, whofe name is yet to be feen, cut into the ftonc over the arch on one fide ; though others imagine it rather to have been named Fludgate, from a ftream over which it ftands, like the Porta Fluentana at Rome. It has beeja J^itely repaired by queen Eliza- beth, whofe ftatue is placed on the oppofite fide. And S HENTZNERI Itinerarium. ta Fluentana Romae, nunc a regina Elifa- betha renovata cujus ftatua ab altera quoque parte videtur. II. Newgate, omnium pulcherrima, & novitate fic appellata, prius Chamberlangate, didla, quas publicum eft ergaftulum. Ad feptentrionem Quatuor. ■ 1. Aldersgate, ab alnetis, vel ab Al- dricio Saxone, ut aliis placet. II. Creplegate, a claudorum hofpitio. III. Moregate, a palude adjundla, nunc 111 agrum conversa, primum a Francetio Prae- tore, Anno Ghrifti m.cccc.xiv. patefai3:a, IV. B ischopsgate, ab Epifcopo, quam Germani Hanfiaticae Societatis Mercatores, & inftaurare, & difficilioribus temporibus propus;- nare ex pa6to tenebantur, atque ad iftam & aperiendam & claudendam clavem habebant, -quo, jieceflitate fic poftulante, & ingredi, & cgredi, no6lu atque interdiu poflent. Ad HENTZNER's Travels* 8 IT. Newgate, the beft edifice of any : So called from being new built, whereas be- fore it was named Chamberlain-gate. It is the public prifon. On the North are fbuf : I. Aldersgate, as fome think, from alder trees ; as others, from Aldricius, a Saxon. II. Criplegate, from an hofpltal for the lame. III. Moorgate, from a neighbouring mo- rafs, now converted into a field, firft opened by ^I'rancetius the Mayor, A. D. 1414. IV. And BiShopsgate, frorn fome Bi- liiop : This the German Merchants of the Hans Society were obliged by compa«St to Reep in repair, and in times of danger to defend. They were in pofleffion of a key, to open or fhut it, fo that upon occafion they could come in, or go out, by night, or by day. * His name was Sir Thomas Falconer. There 9- HENT2NERI Itinerarium, Ad Ortum una Tola eft*; Aldgate, a vetuftate. fip didla, vel Elbe- gate, ut alii volunt* Ad Thamefim, duas etiam portas, prceter illam ad pontem> extitilTe nonnulli creduut* I. Belnigsgate, nunc cothon, five por- tus artificialis, ad recipiendas naves. II. DouRGATE, id eft. Aquaria porta, vulgb Dowgate. Templum Cathedrale D. Paulo fa- crum, ab Eth'elberto Anglo-Saxonum rege conditum eft, quod fubinde reftauratum, in maximum & magnificentlffimum. excrevit, red- ditibufque opulentum, unde praeter Epiico- pum, Decanus, Praecentor, Cancellarius,, Thefaurarius, Archidiaconi quatuor, Prasben- darii xxix. & alii prolixe aluntur. Te61:um hujus, quern admodum & omnia fere templ'a per totam Angliam, una cum adjunda turri, plumbo obtedhim eft. Ad HENTZNER's Travels^ 9 There is only one gate to the Eafl : AldgatE) that is Oldgate, from its anti- quit)' J though others think it to have been, named Elbegate. Several people believe, there were formerly two gates (befides that to the bridge) towards the Thames. I. Billingsgate, nowacothon, orarti* ficial port, for the reception of (hips. II. Dourgate, vulgo Dowgate, /. ^ Water-gate, The Cathedral of Su Paul was founded by Ethelbert, king of the Saxons^ and being from time to time re-edified, en* creafed to vaftnefs and magnificence, and in revenue fo mueh^ that it affords a plentiful fttpport to a Bifhop, Dean, Praecentor, Trea* furer, four Archdeacons, 29 Prebendaries^ and many others. The roof of this church, E as 10 HENTZNERl ItiN^ERAftiOM. Ad dextrum Chori latus eft epitaphium ex marmore, Nicolai * ne Bacon cum uxore. Non longe ab ifto videtur monumentum mag- nificum, alabaftrinis, marnioreifque pyramid!- bus ornatum, cum hac infcriptione : Sacrum Memorial i £). Chr. Hattoni Gu. Fil. lo. Nepos anti- quifs. Hattonorium gente oriundi j Regiae Ma- jeftatis. D. Eliz. ex Nobilibus ftipatoribus l. vlri ; Sacratioris Cameras Generoforum unius j Prastorianorum militum Ducis ; Regii Proca- merarii ; Sanftioris Confili Senatoris ; fummi Angliae ac Oxon. Acad. Cancellarii ; Ordinis Nobilifs. San. Georgian! de Perifcelide Equi- tis J maximo Principis, omniumque bonorum mcerore (cum li. annos ctelebs vixiflet) xx. Novemb. Anno Chrifti M.D.xCi. in aedibus fuis Holburniae, pie fato fun£li. * He takes this ne for part of the namtf vjhich is only part of the epitaph, hie Nic. nc Baconem conditum exiftima. X This infcription may be feen litterally in Diigdales St. Paul's, Guliel.- HENTZNER'8 Travels. io as of moft others in England, with the adjoin- ing fteepfe, is covered with lead. On the right fide of the Choir is the mar- ble tomb of Nicholas Bacon, with his wife. Not far from this is a magnifjcent monu- ment, ornamented with pyramids of marble, and alabafter, with this infcription ; Sacred to the Memory of Sir Chriftopher Hatton, Son of William, Grandfon of John, of the moft antient Family of the Hattons ; one of the 50 Gen- tlemen Penfuaners to her Majcfty Queen Elizabeth ; Gentleman of the Privychamber ; Captain of the Guards ; one of the privy Council, and High Chancellor of England, and pf the Univerfity of Oxford : Who, to the great grief of his Sovereign, and of all good Men, ended this Life religioufly, after having lived unmarried to the Age of 51, at his Houfe in Holbourn, on the 20th of No- vember, A. D. 1 59 1. William II HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Guliel. Hattoiiius Eques auratus, ejus e fo* rore nepos, adoptione filius ac haeres mceftifs* Pietatis ergo pofuit, A finiftro latere epitaphJum eft m&rmoreum Guliel. Hefberti, Pembrochiae Comitis & con- jugis ipfiusj et juxta, tumulus loannis D, Lancaftriae, cum hac inlcriptione : Hk in Domino obdormivit Ibannes Gan- davenfis, vulgo de Gant, a Grind avo Flandriae Urbe loco natali ita denominatus, Edvvardi HI. Regis Angliae filius quartus, a patre, Comitis Richmondiae titulo ornatus ; tres fibi Uxores in matrimonium duxit ; Primam, Elancheam, filiam &i Haeredcm Henrici Ducis Lancaftriae, per quam amplifs. adiit hasredita- tem, nec folum Dux Lancaftrix', fed etiam Leyceftriae, f yincolniae, & Derbias, Comes ef- feclus, e cujus fobole, Imperatores, Reges, Principes, & Proceres propagati funt plurimi. Alteram habuit uxorem Conftantiam, quae hie contumulatur, filiam & haeredem Petri Regis .HENTZNER's Travels. William Hatton, Knight, his Nephew by the Sifter's fide, and by adoption his Son and Heir, moft forrowlully railed this tomb, a mark cf his duty. On the left hand is the marble mbrtument of William Herbert Earl of Pembroke, and bis Lady : And near it, that of John, Duke of Lancafter, with this infcription : Here fleeps in the Lord, John of Gant, fo called from the city of the fame name in Flanders, where he was born, fourth Son of Edward III. King of England, and created by his Father, Earl of Richmond. He was thrice married, firft to Blanch, Daughter and Heirefs of Henry Duke of Lancafter ; by her he received an immenfe Inheritance, and became not only Duke of Lancafter, but Earl of Leicefter, Lincoln, and Derby, of whofe Race are defcended many Emperors, Kings, Princes, and Nobles. His fecond Wife was Conftance, who is here buried. Daughter 12 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Regis Caftiliae & Legionis, cujus jure optimo tituio Regis Caftiliae & Legionis ufu§ eft ; haec unicam ei peperit filiara Catharinam, ex qua ab Henrico Reges flifpaniae funt progna* ti. Tertiam verb duxit uxorem Catharinam, ex Equeftri familia, & eximia pulchritudine foeminam, ex qua numerofam fufcepit prolem, unde genus ex matre duxit Henricus VII, , Angliae Rex prudentiffimus, cujus feliciflimo conjugio cum Elifabetha Edvvardi IV. Regis ■ filia, e ftirpe Eboracenfi, Regiae illae Lancaf- trenfium & Eboracenfium familias ad exopta- tiflirnam Angliae pacem coaluerunt. Illuftrifllmus hie Princeps loannes cogno-^ mento Plantagenet, Rex Caftiliae & Legionis, Dux Lancaftriae, Comes Richmondiae, Leycef- triae, Lincolniae & Derbiae, locum tenens Aquitaniae, magnus Senefchallus Anglian, Obiit Anno Regni Regis Richardi Secundi XXI. Annoque Chrifti M.ccc.xc.viii. Duae HENTZNER's Travels. 12 Daughter and Heirefs of Peter, King of Caftile and Leon, in whofe right he moft * juftly took the Stile of King of Caftile and Leon. She brought him one only Daughter, Catherine, of whom, by Henry, are defcend- ed the Kings of Spain. His third Wife was Catherine, of a Knight's Family, a woman of great Beauty, by whom he had a nume- rous progeny ; from which is defcended by the Mother's fide, Henry VIL the moft pru- dent King of England, by whofe moft happy Marriage with Elizabeth, Daughter of Ed- ward IV. of the Line of York, the two Royal Lines of Lancafter and York, are united, to 'the moft defired Tranquillity of England. The moft illuftrious Prince, John, firnamed Plantagenet, King of Caftile and Leon, Duke of Lancafter, Earl of Richmond, Leicefterj aud Derby, Lieutenant of Aquitain, High- Steward of England, died in the 21ft Year of Richard IL A. D. 1398. * This is not true, for her Itgitimacy was with good reajon conteJleiL A little 13 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Duae. poftea arculae faxeae, in concavo quo- 4ani loco, prope Chori fere introitum videntur, addita tabella, cum hac infcrii^tione : Hie jacet Seba Rex Orientalium Saxo- jiuni, qui converfus fuit ad fidem per S. Erckenwaldum, Londinenfeni Epifcopum, AnnoChrjfti dc.lxxvji. Altera infcriptio eft talis : Hie jacet Etheldredus Anglorum Hex filius Edgari Regis, cui in die confecrationis fuae, poft impofitam coronam fertur S. Dunftanus Cantuar. Archiepifcopus dira prsedixifle his verbis : f << Quoniam adfpirafti ad regnum pet *' mortem fratris tui, in cujus fanguine con- fpiraverunt Angli, cum ignominiosa, matre *' tua, non deficiet gladius de domo tua fevi- *' ens in te omnibus diebus vitae tuae, infi- " ciens de femine tuo, quoufque regnum ** tuum transferatur in alienum, cujus ritum *' & linguam gens, cui praefides, non novit; '* nec HENTZNER's Travels. A little farther, almoft at the entrance of the Choir, in a certain recefs, are two fniall ftone chefts, one of which is thus infcribed : Here lies Seba, King of the Eaft Saxons, who was converted to the Faith by St. Er- kenwald, Bifliop of London, A. D. 677. On the other : Here lies Ethelred, King of the Angles, Son of King Edgar ; on whom St. Dunftan is faid to have denounced vengeance, on his coronation-day, in the following words : t " In as much, as thou haft afpired to " the throne by the death of thy brother, " againft whofe blood the Englifh, along *' with thy infamous mother, confpired; the " fword fliall not pafs from thy houfe ! but " rage all the days of thy life, affliAing all " thy generation, till thy kingdom fhall be " tranflated to another, whofe manner, and " language, the people under thee, knoweth F « not. 14 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. " nec expiabitur, nifi longa vindicla, pecca- *' turn tuum, & peccatum matris tuae, & " peccatum virorum, qui infuere confilio *' tuo nequam." Quae, fieut a viro San£lo prasdiita erant, evenemnt ; nam Etheldrcdus variis praeliis, per Suenonem Danorum regem, filiumque fuum Canutum, fatigatus & fugatus, ac tan- dem Londini ar£ta obfidione conclufus mifere diem obiit, Anno Domino m.xvii. poftquam annis xxxvi. in magna tribulatione regnafiet. Monumentum poftea in medio templi ex orichalco eft, cujufdam Epifcopi Londinenfis Gulielmi, qui Edv^rardo regi Anglis familia- rls, & paulo poft Guli-elmi regis Angliae con- fillarius fadus, fedit annos xv'i. mortuiis Anno Chrifti M.LXxrir. Noh longe videtur haec infcriptio : Vtvit pojl funera Virtus, Et fub ifto haec ; Thomae Linacro, clarifs. Medico, loannes .Ca}us pofuit. M.D.LVil. M. Augufto. Poftea tali* HENTZNER's Travel*. 14 ^« net. Nor fhall thy fin be done away till " after long chaltifement, nor the fin of thy " mother, nor the fin of thofe men, who *' affifted in thy wicked council." All which came to pafs, as predicted by the Saint ; for after being worfted and put to flight by Sueno king of the Danes, and his fon Canute ; and at laft clofely befieged in London, he died miferably A. D. 1017, after he had reigned 36 years in great difficulties. There is befides in the middle of the church a tomb made of brafs, of fome-. Bifhop of London, named William, who was in favour with Edward king of England, and afterwards was made counfellor to king William. He was Bifhop 16 years, and died A. D. 1077. Near this, is the following infcription : Virtue furvives the Funeral. To the Memory of Thomas Linacre, an eminent Phyfician, John Caius placed this Monument. On the E 2 lowe/ 15 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. talis infcriptio, Uteris aureis, in inferiori parte pofita legitur : Thomas Linacrus, Regis Henrici VIII, Medicus, Vir & Graecae & Latinae artis, in re medica, longe eruditilTimus, multos aetate fua languentes, & qui jam animum defpon- derant, Vitae reftituit, multa Galcni opera, in Latinam linguam, niira Stfuigulari facundia vertit, egregium opus de emendata llruhac irfcr^ptione : Hie decus Anglorum, flos Regum prasteritorum. Forma futurorum,Rex clemens,pax populorum, Tertius Edvvardus Regni complens jubi- leum, &c. Extra HENTZNER'3 Travels. 19 Without the tomb is this infcription : Here lies King Richard, who periflied by a cruel Death, in the Year 1369. ^ To have been happy is additional Mifery. Near him is the monument of his queen, daughter ofc he Emperor Wenceflaus. On the left hand is the tomb of Edward I, with this infcription : Here lies Edward I. who humbled the Scots. A. D. 1308. Be true to your Engagements. He reigned 46 years. The tomb of Edward III. of copper gilt, with this epitaph : Of Englifli Kings here lyeth the beauteous Flower, Of all before part, and Myrror to them fliall fue : A merciful King, of peace Confervator, The Third Edward, i^c. Fid, Dart. 2. 44. Befide 20 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Extra tumulum hoc legitur : Tertlus Edvvardus fama fuper aethera notus. Anno 1377. Fugna pro Patria. Videtur ibidem gladius ipfius, quo Gallos do-? maffe &vicille dicitur, longitudine o6to pedum. Conjugis ejus Philippae Epitaphium eft tale j Conjunx Edvvardi jacet hie Regina Philippa. Difce v'lvere. Anno 1469. Henrici V. monumentum paululum hinc eft remotum, cum infcriptione tali : Gallorum maftrix jacet hie Henricus in Urna. Anno 1422. Domat omnia virtus. Huic vicinum eft monumentum Catharinse, quae adhuc infepulta jacet, ita ut arcula vel urna a quolibet pofTit aperiri, hac infcriptione cxterius addita : Piilchra virumq; fuum fociat tandem Catharina, Anno 1437. Otitm fuge. Henrici HENTZNER's Travels. 29 Befide the tomb are thefe words : Edward III. whofe Fame has reach 'd to Heaven. A. D. 1377. Fight for your Country. Here is fliown his fword, eight feet in length, which they fay he ufed in the con- queft of France. His queen's epitaph : Here lies Queen Philippa, Wife of Edward III, Learn to Live. A, D. 1369. At a little diftance, the tomb of Henry V» with this legend : Henry, the fcourge of France, lies in thisTomb. Virtue fubdues all Things. A. D. 1422. Near this lies the coffin of Catherine, un- buried, and to be opened by any one that pleafes. On the outfide is this infcription : Fair Catherine is at length united to her Lord. A. D. 1437. Shun Jdlenefs. The HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Henrici III. epitaphium ex lere deaurato cum hac infcriptione : Tertius Henricus eftTempli conditor hujus. Anno 1273. Dulce helium inexpertis. Hic Henricus poft 160. annos, hanc Ed- wardi fabricam fubvertit, novamque ecclefiam fpeciosa ftru6lura, mul'tiplici marmorearuni columnarum ordine, tecto laminis plumbeis conveftito, quinquaginta annorum opere ex- ffdificavit, quam Abbates ad occafum pluri- Biam auxerunt. Expulfis poftea Monachis, ad varias fubindc vices revoluta fuit ; primum Decanum habuit & Prasbendarios, mox Epif- copum, qui patrimonio dikpidato ceffit, h Decano reliquit y ftatim Monachi, cum fuo Abbate, a Mafia regina reduili, quibue paulo pbft authoritate Parlamentaria ejeclis in col- legi-atam ecclefiiani, imd ecclefiae plantaiium convertit HENTZNER's Travels. 21 The tomb of Henry III. of brafs gilt, with this epitaph : Henry III. the Founder of this Cathedral. A. D. 1273. IVar is delightful to the unexperienced. It was this Henry, who 160 years after Edward the Confeflbr had built this church, took it down, and raifed an entire new one of beautiful architeiSlure, fupported by rows of marble columns, and it's roof covered with fheets of lead, a work of 50 years before it's completion. It has been much enlarged at the Weft end by the Abbots. After the expul- fion of the Monks, it experienced many changes ; firft it had a Dean and Prebendaries ; then a Bifhop, who having fquandered the re- venues, refigned it again to a Dean. In a little time, the Monks with their Abbot were reinftated by queen Maryj but they being foon ^jeiled again by authority of Parlia- ment, it was converted into a Cathedral Church J nay, into a feminary for the Church, H by 22 HENTZNERI IriNERAKfUM, convertit fereniffima diva Elifabetha, Prsben- darios inftituit duodeciin, tot emeritos milrtes, fcolafticos quadraginta (alumni regii dicuntur) qui fuo tempore ud Academias promoventur, & in lEccIefiam & RempubHcam transferuntur. Videtur poftea tumulus Aleonoras filias Al- phonfi regis Hifpanise, conjugis Edvvardi I. regis Angliac cum hac infcriptione : Confers Edwardi PrimI fuk hrec Aleonora. Anno 1298. Difce mori. ElifabethsE filise Henrici VIT. regis Anglise epitaphium. In medio Chori hujus fepultus eft S. Edvvar- dus, qui fuit ultimus rex Saxonum. Monu- mentum eft ex marmore Mofaici operis, hac, in circuitu aureis literis, infcriptione addita : Omnibus infignis Virtutum laudibus Heros SaniSlus Edward us Confeffbr, rex venerandus.. -y Quinto die Jani moriens 1065, Super aethera. fcandit. Surfum Corda,. Tertiura ,11 HENTZNiER's Travels. aa by queen Elizabeth, who ijiftituted there 12 Prebendaries, an equal number of invalid Soldiers, and 40 Scholars; who at a proper time are eledled into the Univerfities, and are thence tranrpl anted into the Church and StatCj Next to be feen is the tomb of Eleanor, (daughter of Alphonfo king of Spain, and wife of Edward I. with this infcription : This Eleanor was Confort of Edward I. A. D. 1298* Learn to die. The tomb of Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VII, In the middle of this Chapel is the Shrine of St. Edward, the laft king of the Saxpns. It is compofed of marbles in Mofaic ; round it runs this infcription in letters of gold : The venerable King, St. Edward the Confeflbr, A Hero adorned with every Virtue. He died on the fifth of January, 1065, And mounted into Heaven, Lift up your Hearts. H 2 The 23 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Tertium Chorum, admirandi fplendoris & elegantiae, Henricus VII. Angliae rex, in fuam & {m£ pofteritatis fepulturam, ad ortum adje- cit, in quo fepulchrum ipfius magnificentilTi- mum, ex sere & marmore fabrefa6tum cerni- tur cum infcriptione tali : Hie jacet Henricus hujus nominis VII. An- glijE quondam Rex, Edmundi Richemundise Comitis filius, qui die xxii. Aug. Rex creatus, ftatim pbft apud Weftmoiiafterium XXX. 0(^lobr. coronatur. Anno Domini M.cccc.LXXXV. Moritur deinde xxi. April. Anno /£t, Liii. Regnavit annos xxii. Men- fes VIII. minus uno die. Monumentum clathrls ex orichalco circum- datum eft. Ficie Dart, p. 157. vol. i. Sub eodem tumulo fepultus jacet Edvvar- dus VI. Angli-.E Rex, Henrici VIII. ex loan- na Semeria filius, qui poftea fucceffit patri, natus annos novem. Ob ic Anno m.d.liii. vi. Julii HENTZNER's Travels. 23^ The third Choir, of furprizing fplendor and elegance, was added to the Eaft end by Henry VII. for a burying place for himfelf and his pofterity. Here is to be feen his magnificent tomb, wrought of brafs and marble, with this epitaph : Here lies Henry VIL of that Name, for- merly King of England, Son of Edmund Earl of Richmond, who afcending the Throne on the lid Day of Auguft, was crowned on the 30th of Ociiober following at Weftmin- fter, in the Year of our Lord 1485. He died on the 2ift of April, in the 53d Year of his Age, after a Reign of 22 Years, and 8 Months, wanting a Day. This monument is inclofed with rails of brafs, with a long epitaph in Latin verfe. Under the fame tomb lies buried Edward VI. King of England, Son of Henry VIII. by Jane Seymour. He fucceeded to his Father when he was but 9 years old, and died A. D. 1553, on the 6th of July, in the i6th year 24 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Juliii^^t. XVI, Regni vii. non abfque veneni lufpicione. Maria falutatur regina Angliae a populo, XIX. Julii anno poftea m.d.lviii. moritur Maria xvii. Novembris, in eodem Choro, in quodam angulo fepulta jacet, abfque infcrip- tione tamen. Regina Elifabetha. Hie jacet Regina Elifabetha, Edvvardi IV. quondam Regis filia ; Edvvardi V. quondam Regis nominata foror ; Henrici VII. olim conjunx, & quae Henrici VIII. Regis mater inclyta. Obiit diem fuum in Turri Londi- nenfi, die xi. Febr. Anno Domini 1502« xxxvii. An. ^tat. Intra fecundum & tertium Chorum, in far cellis lateralibus, haec epitaphia leguntur : Seberti Regis Orientalium Saxpnum, fun- datpris tern pi i, ex faxo. Margarethse Ritfchmundiae Septimi Hen- rici matri, Odavi aviae, quae ftipendia con- ftituit, HENTZNER's Travels. 24. year of his age, and of his reign the 7th, not without fufpicion of poifon. Mary was proclaimed Queen by the People, on the 19th of July, and died in November, 1558, and is buried in fome corner of the fame Choir, without any infcription. Queen Elizabeth. Here lies Queen Elizabeth, Daughter of Edward IV. Siiler of King Edward V. Wife of Henry VII. and the glorious Mother of Henry VIII. She died in the Tower of London, on the nth of February, A. D. 1502, in the 37th Year of her Age. Between the fecond and third Choirs, in the fide Chapels, are the tombs of Sebert King of the Eaft-Saxons, who built this Church with ftone : And Of Margaret of Richmond, Mother of Henry VII. Grandmother of Henry Vllt. She gave this Monaftery to the Monies of Winbourne, 25 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. ftituit, tribuit hoc Coenoblum Monachis, & Do£toribus Grammatices, apud Werbrun, perque Angliam totam divini veibi praeconi- bus ; duobus item interpretibus literarum facrarum, alteri Oxoniis, alteri Cantabrigiae, ubi & Collegia dua Chrifto & Joanni difci- pulo ejus ftruxit. Moritur Anno Domini M.cccc.LXiii. Cal. Julii. Margaretha Comitifla Levenofciae, avia Jacobi VI. Regis Scottorum. , Wilhelmus de Valentia, frater uterinus Henrici HI, Comes Cornubise frater regis Edvvardi III. ■in tumulu quodam ta:lis infcrlptio legitur : In ClarilTimae Dominae Francifcae Suffolciac quondam Duciflae Epicedion, Nil HENTZNER's Travels. 25 * Winbourne, who preached and taught Grammar all England over, and appointed Salaries to two Profeffors of Divinity, one at Oxford, another at Cambridge, where {he founded two Colleges, to Chrift, and to John his Difciple. She died A. D. 1463, on the 3d of the Calends of July. And of Margaret Countefs of Lenox, Grandmother of James VI. King of Scotland. William of Valence, half brother of Henry III. The Earl of Cornwall, brother of Ed- ward III. Upon another tomb is an honorary infcrip- tion for Frances, Dutchefs of SuiFolk. : The fenfe of it is, . * This is a mijlake : Her epitaph fays, ftipen- dia conftituit tribus hoc caenobio Monachis & Dcciori Grammatices apud Wynbourne. I That 26 HENTZNERI IriNERARiyM^ Nil decus aut fplendor, nil regia nomina profunt, Splendida divitiis, nil juvat ampla domus ; Omnia fluxerunt, virtutis fola remanfit Gloria, tartareis non abolenda rogis. NuptaDuci prius eft, uxor poft arma gerentis, Funerenunc Stoki confociata Deo. In confpedlu . deinde eft epitaphium Domini Ruflel filii Comitis Bethfordiae, cujus uxor hos Latinos & Graecos verfus compofuit, & in marmor incidi curavit. Mens mea crudeli laniatur faucia morfu, Cum fubit oblatae Mortis Imago tuae. HasresVere novo Comitis tu Floris ad inftar, Ufque cadens miferas meque meafque facis. Quippe Decor, Vultus, Linguae, Morefque probati, Turn Do<5lrina perit, fed vrget alma Fides. Uv HENTZNER's Travels. 26 That Tides, Pvoyal Birth, riches, or a larg^ Family, are of no avail : That all are Tranfitory ; Virtue alone refllft-s' ing the Funeral Pile, That this Lady was firft marrjed to a Duke, then to Stoke, a Gentleman ; And laftly, by the Grave efpoufed to Gi^RIST. The next is the tomb of Lord Ruflel, Son of the Earl of Bedford, whofe Lady com- pofed the following Greek and Latin Verfes, and had them engraved on the Marble. How v^as I ftartled at the cruel Feaft, By Death's rude Hands in horrid manner dreft ; Such Grief as fure no haplefe Woman knew. When thy pale Image lay before my View. Thy Father's Heir in beatuous Form array'd. Like Flowers in Spring, and fair, like them to fade ; Leaving behind unhappy wretched me, And all thy little Orphan-Progeny ; Alike the beauteous Face, the comely Air, The Tongue perfwafive, and the A61:ions fair. Decay : So Learning too in Time ftiall wafte ; But Faith, chafte loyely P'aith, (hall ever laft-. I 2 The 27 HENTZNERI Itinerarivm. fiim ^vxiii; y>.fxy re^vtof J^jjj owi?]s (patinvf ^tv /An» of If^at ^^C» "«ga» Te Bvyotl^tc, Ertrs^Iij; ej£>ca liToAyp oA/Jov crtjAvix; tTraf^y, Of^tzviti /A8la;;^aj av[yiviUi KoKtm. Anna Comitifia Oxon. filia Gulielmi Caeci- lii, Baronis de Burgthley, Thefaurarii regis. Philippa filia, & cohasres Joannis Domini Mohun de Dunfter, uxor Edwardi Ducis Ebo- racenfis, Anno Domini 1434. Francifca Comitifla de Suflcx, cx antiqua Seidneiorum familia oriunda. . Thomas Bromley Cancellarius reginac Eli- fabethas. Comes .HENTZNER's Travels. 27 The once bright Glory of his Houfe, the Pride Of all his Country, dufty Ruins hide : Mourn, haplefs Orphans, mourn, once happy Wife, For when he dy'd, dy'd all the Joys of Life. Pious and juft, amidft a large Eftate, He got at once the Name of Good and Great, He made no flatt'ring Parafite his Gueft, But alk'd the good Companions to the Feaft. Anne Countefs of Oxford, Daughter of William Cecil, Baron Burleigh, and Lord Treafurer. Philippa, Daughter and Coheirefs of John Lord Mohun of Dunfter, Wife of Edward Duke of York. Frances Countefs of Sullex, of the antient Family of Sidney. Thomas Bromley, Chancellor to Queen Elizabeth. The 28 HENTZNERI Itinf.rarium. Comes cle Brizevvater, Dom. Dabne, Ca- merarius Hcnrici Septimi, cum uxore. Et hue ufqm de Westmonast£Rio. Sunt & alia templa in hnc urbe plurima, fed propter fepulturas, & illuftrium monumen- ta,- non ita celebria. Ceterum Tub hoc estmunster-Hall fu'^e Prastorium eft, in quo praster comitia Parlamentaria, quse ibi faepifTime habentur» fora judiciaria conflituuntur, & ftatis tempo- ribus caufTae cognofcuatur, cum Juris turn patrimonii rcgii, & etiam Cancellariae, quae cx cequo & bono fumijium Jus moderatur, cum ante Henrici L tempora, primae Juftitirc forum vagum efict, aulamque regiam comita- retur. Verum ille, ut in Charta Majrna habetur, legem tulit in haec verba ; Ccmrnunla ftacita non fequantnr Curiam nojlrarn^ fed tene-^, cifur in aliouo certo loco. Hoc quod nunc eft, . Praetorium, HENTZNER's Travels. 28 * The Earl of Bridgewatcr, Lord Dawb- ney, Lord Chamberlain to Henry VIL and his Lady. And thus much for Westminster. There are many other Churches in this city, but none fo remarkable for the tombs of perfons of diftinftion. Near to this church is Westminster- Hall, where befides the SeiHons of Parlia- ment, which are often held there, are the Courts of Juftice ; and at ftated times are heard there trials in Law, or concerning the King's patrimony ; or in Chancery, which moderates the feverity of the common Law by Equity. Till the time of Henry L the prime court of Juftic^ was moveable, and fol- lowed the King's court, but he ena6lcd by the Magna Charta, That the Common Pkas Jhoufd no longer attend his Court, but be held at fome determined Place. The prefent hall was built * Sir Giles Dawbney, he was not earl of Bridgewater^ nor o lord, by 29 HENTZNERI Itinerariom. Praetorium, Richardus 11. Anglise rex, diruto vetuftiori extruxit, fuseque habitationi dicavit (tunc enim reges ipfi caufHis audiebant Pala- tiumque ab Edvvardi ConfefToris tempore ad- juncSlum habuerunt) quo ante (exaginta annos igne abfumto, Henricus VIIL fedem regiam, ad aedcs vicinas non ita pridem Cardinal is Wolfaei tranftulit, quas Whitehall vulgo vocant, id eft, aula alba. Domus hrec eft vere regia, hinc vivario, quod Sc alteram re- giam conjungit S. James di(Slam, illinc Ta- mifi conclufa. In Camera, ubi Parlamcntum congregarl & haberi folet, fe/Ia & parictes ex Ugno Hy~ bernico fabricati funt, quod occulta hac qua- litate prseditum efle dicitur, ut id omnia ani- malia venenata fugiant, yvel potius, quod lig- num iftud cundla venenata abigat, & occulta quadam vi, a fe longe repellat. Et enim pro certo affirmatur, nullos ferpentes, nullos a- raneos, nullaque alia venenata, per totam Hyberniam reperiri animalia. Prope HENTZNER's Travels. 29 by king Richard II. in the place of an ancient one which he caufed to be taken down. He made it part of his habitation, (for at that time the kings of England determined caufes in their own proper Perfon, and from the days of Edward the ConfelTor, had their pa- lace adjoining) till above 60 years fmce, upon it's being burnt, Henry VIII. removed the royal refidence to Whitehai.l, fituated in the neighbourhood, which a little before was the houfe of Cardinal Wolfey : This palace is truly Royal ; inclofed on one fide by the Thames, on the other by a Park, which con- neiSls it with St. James's, another royal palace. In the Chamber where the Parliartlent is ufually held, the feats and wainfcot are made of wood, the groiuth of Ireland \ faid to have that occult quality, that all poifonous animals are 4nven away by it : And it is affirmed for certain, that in Ireland there are neither ferpents, toads, nor any other venomous crea- ture to be found; K Near 30 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Prope has regias aedes Cygni confpiclun- tuir piurimi, & fere iiinumerabiles, qui hinc inde furfum Sc deorfum, per atiquot milliaria, in Thamefi fluvio libere vagantur ; nemini enim hos turbare, multo minus occidere, fine grandi mul£la, licet. In aula alba, WithEhall vulgo nuncu- pata, vifu digna funt fequentia : I. Bibliotheca Reginae, Graecis, Latinis, Italicis & Gallicis libris referta, inter quos li- bellus erat Gallicus, propria reginas Angliae Elifabethas adhuc viventis manu in niem- brana fcriptus, & Henrico VIII. Angliae regi parenti fic dedicatus : jf T ^cjhaut y Trefputjfant iff Redoubte Prince Henry VI 11. de ce nom, Roy Jngleterre, de France y ^ d' Irelande, defenfeur de la foy : EUfabcth fa Treshumhle fille rend Salut isf Obedience. Oniiics HENTZNER's Travels. 30 Near this palace are feen an Immenfe num- ber of Swans, who wander up and down the river for fome miles, in great fecurity ; no body daring to moleft, much lefs kill any of them, under penalty of a confiderable fine. In Whitehall are the following thing* worthy of obfervation : I. The Royal Library, well ftored with Greek, Latin, Italian and French books : Amongft the reft, a little one in French, upon parchment, in the hand writing of the prefent reigning queen Elizabeth, thus in- fcribed : To the moji High^ Puijfant, and redoubted Prince^ Henry VIII. of the Name, King of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith : Elizabeth, his moJi humble Daughter^ Health and Obedience, HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Omnes ifti libri, holoferico varii & diverfi coloris, potiflimum tamen rubri, laminis & claufuris argenteis ac aureis, margaritis item, aliifque gemmis preciofis ornati, atque veftiti erant. II. CiiT:3e duae five arculae argentese magna arte elaboratas, in quas regina papyrum repo- nere, & iis ceu atramentariis, uti folet. IIL Thorus reginae ex ligno verficolore ar" tificiofiflime compofitus, tegumentis fericis, holofericis, aureis & argenteis acu pi£lis ditiffi-' me inftratus. • IV. Cifta, margaritis undique exornata, in quam armillas inaures & id genus alias res pre- ciofiores, regina reponere folct. V. Paflio Chrifti, in vitreis tabellis adum- brata. VI. Piclurae, inter quas vera reginas Elifa- bethae imago, cum xvi. annos nata eflet ; Henrici, HENTZNER's Travels. 31 All thefe books are bound in velvet of dif- ferent colours, though chiefly red, with clafps of gold and filver; fome have pearls, and precious ftones, fet in their bindings. II. Two little filver cabinets of exquifitc work, in which the Queen keeps her paper, and which fhe ufes for writing boxes. III. The Queen's bed, ingenioufly com- pofed of woods of different colours, with quilts of fdk, velvet, gold, filver, and em- broidery. IV. A little cheft ornamented all over with pearls, in which the Queen keeps her bracelets, ear-rings, and other things of extraordinary value. V. Chrift's paffion, in painted glafs. VI. Portraits : Among which are queen Elizabeth at 16 years old. Henry, Richard, Edward, 32 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Henrici, Richardi, Edvvardi, Angliae regum ; Rofimundae Anglae, & * Lucretiae Grasc^e fponfae in habitu nuptiali, & aliarum ; in tabella qua- dam Angliae reguin genealogia ; Edvvardi VI. Angliae regis effigies, primo intuitu monftro- fum quid repraefentans, fed fi quia per foramen operculi vel tabellae, qua pidlura tegitur, effi- giem reila intueatur, turn vera depraehenditur ; ingeniofum artificis inventum ; Carol! V. Rom. Imperatoris ; Caroli Emanuelis Sabaudia; Du- cis, & Catharinae Hifpaniae conjugis ipfius ; Ferdinandi Florentiae Ducis cum filiabus ; Philippi regis Hifpaniae, cum veniret in Ang- liam, Sc matrimonio fibi jungeret Mariarni Angliae reginam ; Henrici VII. Henrici VIII. matris ejufdem, item aliorum, aliarumque il- luftrium imagines quam plurimae ; pidlura ob- fidionis infulae Melites, five Malthae. VIT. iEdicula cujufdam Eremitae, elegan- tiflime ex liguo fculpta, inter faxa quafi delite- . fcentis. VIII. Emblemata varia papyracea, clypci formam habentia, quibus, adjciStis fymbolis * This mujl be a blunder. Nobiles HENTZNER's Travels. 32 Edward, kings of England ; Rofamond ; Lucrece, a Grecian bride, in her nuptial habit; the genealogy of the kihgs of England ; a picture of king Edward VI. reprefehting at firft fight fomething quite deformed, till by looking through a fmall hole in the cover, which is put over it, you fee it in it's true proportions; Charles V. Emperor; Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy, and Catherine of Spain, his wife ; Ferdinand Duke of Flo- rence, with his daughters ; one of Philip king of Spain, when he came into England and married Mary ; Henry VII. Henry VIII. and his mother : Befides many more of illuf- trious men and women ; and a picture of the fiege of Malta. VII. A fmall Hermitage, half hid in a rock, finely carved in wood. VIII. Variety of emblems, on paper, cut in the fliape of fhields, with mottoes, ufed by the nobility at tilts and tournaments, hung up here for a memorial. IX. 33 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. Nobiles in exercitiis equeftribus & gladiatoriis uti funt foliti, hie memoriae caufsa fufpenfa. IX. Varia inftrumenta mufica, Sc inter ea unum, in quo duo fimul & una vice ludere pofTunt. X. Machina horaria, in qua Rhinoceros cum ^thiope ei infidente confpicitur, quatuor aliis veluti miniftris ad latera aftantibus, regem- que portantibus, ac ad nolas fonituni capita infle6^:entibus ; haec omnia moventur ubi rotae intenduntur. Porro in adjun£ti huic Aulae Vivarii introi- tu, talis legitur infcriptio : I^us pifcator tandem fapitf Sed infelix ASitson femper pvtzceps» Cajia Firgo facile miferetUr ; Sed potens Dea fcelus ukifcitur. ' Pracda canibus^ exe7npln?n 'j uvenlhus^ Juts dedecus^ per eat AiSlceon. Cur a cceUtlbiis, char a mortal: bus, fills JecurltHs^ Vlvat Diana, In HENTZNER's Travels. 33 IX. Different inftruments of mufic, upon one of which two perfons may perform at the fame time. X. A piece of clock-work, an iEthiop ridijig upon a Rhinoceros, with four atten- dants, who all make their obeifance, when it ftrikes the hour ; thefe are all put into motion by winding up the machine. At the entrance into the Park from White- hall is this infcription : * The Fijherman who has been zvounded^ learns though late to beware ; But the unfortunate Adaon always preffes on* The chajle Virgin naturally pitied: But the powerful Goddefs revenged the wrong. Let ASlison fall a prey to his Dogs^ An Example to Youth, A difgrace to thofe that belong to him ! May Diana live the care of Heaven ; The delight of Mortals-, The fecurity of thofe that belong to Her / * This romantic infcription probably alluded to Philip II. who woed the Queen after her fifter's death ; and to the deftrudion of his Armada. L In 34 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. In vivario videntur damae, magno numero. Itt alio qaodam horto, huic arci contlguo, eft fons falientis aqur> cum horologio folari, quod dum peregre advenientes contemplantur, aqua ex fiftulis copiose erumpit, k circum- ftantes largiflime afpergk, hortulano a longin- quo rotam quandam circumagente, qua aqua ifta propellitur. Domus Senatoria vel publica quae GuiL- THAL vulgo vocatur, a Thoma Knowles pul- cherrime conftrudta eft, in qua duorum Gy- gantum ftatuae videntur, qui Anglis auxilio fuifle dicuntur, cum Romani eos bello perfe- querentur ; iftorum nomina funt, Corinius Britannus, Goemagott Albionus. Subeft in tabula quadam titulus Caroli V. Imperatorrs, aureii Uteris fcriptus. Status Reipublicae in hac urbe eft talis ; xirbs ipfa in xx v. regiones feu Tribus divifa eft ; conciliumque reipub. penes xxiv. fenes confti- tutum, qui ab aetate, lingua vulgari Alterman, id eft, fenatores appellantur, quorum fmguli ftngulis HENTZNER's Travels. 34. In this Park is great plenty of Deer. In a garden joining to this palace, there is a Jet d'eau, with a fun-dial, which while ftrangers are looking at, a quantity of water, forced by a wheel, which the gardiner turns at a diftance, through a number of little pipes, plentifully fprinkles thofe that are ftanding round. Guild-Hall, a fine llru an artificial fphere ; feveral mufical in- ftruments ; in the tapeftry are reprefented ne- groes riding upon elephants. The bed in which Edward VI. is faid to have been born, and * Here are fever al mi/iakes. Z where 82 HENTZNERI Itinf.rarium. In cubiculo quodarti tapetia erant ditiflxma, quae parietibus affigi folent, quando legati pe- regrini ad reginam admittuntur j multa ibi- dem pulvinaria, auro & argento decorata, mul- tx vefles ftragulae, & tegumenta ledlorum, pellibus ermelinis fuffulta ; omnia denique ta- bulata per totam arcem auro et argento ful- gentia. . Porro eft quoddam in hac arce con- clave, quod Paradifus appellatur, in quo prae- terquam quod omnia & auro argento atque gemmis ita refplendent, ut oculos hebetent, eft inftrumentum muficum totum vitreum, folis chordis aut fetis exceptis. Introducti poftea in hortos amoeniflimos, vidimus rofma- rinum ita parietibus implantatum & applica- tum, ut eos omnes pene contegeret, eftquc haec rofmarini fruticis plantatio in Anglia fre- quentifllma. Kingston, vicus. Nonesuch aut Nonesutsch, ut nos pronunciamus, Secefllis Regius, quern mag- nificentiffimus rex Henricus VIII. in loco faluberrimo, prius Cuddington dido, de- iitiis HENTZNER's Travels. 82 where his mother Jane Seymour died in child- bed ; in one chamber were leveral exceffively rich tapeftries, which are hung up when the Qiieen gives audience to foreign ambafladors ; there were numbers of cufhions ornamented with gold and filver ; many counterpanes and coverlids of beds lined with ermine j in fliort all the walls of the palace fliine with gold and filver. Here is befides a certain cabinet called Paradife, where befides that every thing glit- ters fo with filver, gold and jewels, as to dazzle one's eyes, there is a mufical inftru- ment made all of glafs, except the firings. Afterwards we were led into the gardens, which are moft pleafant, here we faw rofemary fo planted and nailed to the walls as to cover them entirely, which is a method exceedin* common in England. Kingston, a market town. Nonesuch, a Royal Retreat, in a place formerly called Cuddington, a very health- ful fituation, chofen. by king Henry VIII. for his ple^fure and retirement, and built by him Z 2 with 83 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. litiis & otio fuo deftinavit, tantaque magnifi- centia & elcgantia exftruxit, ut ad oftentationis arcem afpiret ; & omnem archlteflonices peri- tiam in uno hoc opere coacervatam exiftimes : Tot funt ubique fpirantia figna, tot abfolutae artis miracula & Romanae antiquitatis aemula opera ex gypfo afFabre faiSta, ut optimo jure hoc fuum nomen habcat & tueatur, quod Latine ut nonnullis placet, Nulli fecunda, fonat, vel ut alius cecinit ; HanCf quia non haheat fimilem^ laudare Britanni Sape folenty Nullique parent, cognoniine dicunt. • il^des verb ipfas fic circumcingunt vivaria, damis referta, horti delicati, luci topiario Opere exornati, areolae & ambulacra fic arbori- bus obumbrata, ut non aliam fibi fedem ipfa Amcen'itas^ ubi cum Salubritate una cohabitet, delegiffe videatur. In hortis voluptuarlis h artificialibus mul- 't^e flint columnae & pyraniides marmoreae ; fontes itideni falicntis aquse duo, alter forma rotunda, HENTZNER's Travels. 83 with an excefs of magnificence and elegance, RITANNIA, quje hodie Anglia & Scotia duplici nomine appellatur, Sc duo iufe regna continet, totius noftri orbis in- fula maxifna eft, & oceano, mari Gernianico $c Gailico ambitur : Pars hujus maximas & Auftralior HENTZNER's - Travels. 84 like a pyramid, upon which are perched fmall birds that ftream water out of their bills : In the grove of Diana is a very agreeable foun- tain, with A6i:aeon turned into a flag, as he was fprinkled by the goddefs and her nymphs, with infcriptions. There is befides another pyramid of marble full of concealed pipes, which fpirt upon all who come within their reach. Returned from hence to London. A S H o R T DESCRIPTION O F ENGLAND. TT) R I T A I N, confifting of the two king^ doms of England and Scotland, is the largefl: ifland in the world, encompafled by the ocean, the German and French feas : The largeft and Southern part of it is Eng- land, «5 HENTZNERIItinerahium. Auftralior nunc Anglia, ab Anglis, qui ex provinciola regni Danias, quae hodie Angel nuncupatur, progrefS earn occuparunt, fic de- nominate, proprium habet Regem, qui praster Dcum, fuperiorem non agnofcit. Divifa eft regio in xxxix. Comitatus, quibus xiii. in Wallia adjunxit , Henricus VIII. Anglias rex, qui primus earn regionem in Comitatus dif- tribuit : In hifce Comitatibus difficilioribus teifiporibus praefe6lus regius, quern Lieute- nant vocant, ne quid detrimenti capiat refpub- lica, conftituitur. Singulis vero annis nobilis quidani ex incolis praencitur, quern vice Co- mitem, c^uafi Comitis vicarium vocant ; ejus eft publicas pecunias provincix fuse conquirercy muldlas irrogatas, vel captis pignoribus colli- gere Sc asrario inferre ; Judicibus praefto adefle, & eorum mandata exequi ; duodecim vires co- gcre, qui in caufis de failo cognofcunt, & ad Judices referunt (Judices enim in Anglia Juris folum, non faiSli, ftint Judices) condcm- natos ad ftipplicium ducere & in minoribus litibus cognofcere j in majoribus autem jus dicunt Juftitiarii, quos olim itinerantes, nunc Juftitiarios ad aflifas vocant, qui quotannis hos HENTZNER's Travels. 85 land, fo named from the Angli, who quitting the little territory yet called Angel in the kingdom of Denmark, took poffeffion here. It is governed by it's own King, who owns no fnperior but God. It is divided into 39 Counties, to which 13 in Wales were added by Henry VIII. the fii-ft who diftributed that Principality into Counties ; over each of thefe in times of danger a Lord Lieutenant, no- minated by the King, prefides with an un- limited power : Every year fome gentleman, an inhabitant of the place, is appointed Sheriff, his office is to colle61: the public monies, to raife fines, or to make feizures, and account for it to the Treafury, to attend upon the Judges, and put their fentence in exe- cution, to empannel the Jury, who fit upon fails, and return their verdiit to the Judges, (who in England are only fuch of the Law, and not of the Faft) to convey the condemn- ed to execution, and to determine in lefler caufes ; for the greater are tried by the Judges, formerly called travelling Judges, now Judges of affize ; thefe go their circuits through the A a Counties 86 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. bos Comitatus bis obeunt, ut de cauflis cognof- cant, & de incarceratis fententiam ferant. Quod ad Ecclefiafticam Jurifdiclionem at- tinet ; cum Romani Pontifices Ecclefias fingu- las fingulis prefbyteris aflignallent, & pare- chias eis divififfent, Honorius Archiepifcopus Cantuarienfis, circa annum a falute reparata 636. Angliam primus in parochias diftribuerc cepit: Qiiemadmodum autem duas nunc Anglia habet Provincias, fic Archiepifcopos duos, Cantuarienfem nimirum, totius Angliae Primatem & Metropolitanum ; & Eboracen- fem ; quibus fubfunt xxv. Epifcopi j Cantua- rienfi xxii. Eboracenfi tres reliqui. Terra eft frugifera, pecore maxime abun- dans, quo fit, ut incolae quafi plirres pecuarii, quam aratores fmt ; quod magis ferme pabulo quam arvo colendo ftudeant ; fic ut tertia pro- pemodum terrse pas tantum pecori relicla fit inculta. Regio eft quocunque anni tempore temperatiffima, atque caeli nulla gravitas, adeo ut rari fint morbi, & inde minor medicinas ufiis quam alibi, Flumina hie admodum rara : So- lum HENTZNER's Travels. 86 Counties twice every year to hear caufes, and pronounce fentence upon prifonejs. As to Ecclefiftftical Jurifdiction, after the Popes had affigned a church and a parifli to every Prieft, Honorius Archbifhop of Canter- bury, about the year 636, began to divide England in the fame manner into parifhes : As it has two Provinces, fo it has two Arch- bifliops, the one of Canterbury, Primate and Metropolitan of all England, the other of York ; fubjeft to thefe arc 25 Biftiops, viz. 22 to Canterbury, the remaining three to York. The foil is fruitful, and abounds with cattle, which inclines the inhabitants rather to feed- ing than ploughing, fo that near a third part of the land is left uncultivated for grazing. The climate is moft temperate at all times, and the air never heavy, confequently maladies are fcarcer, and lefs phyfic is ufed there than any where elfe. There are but few rivers : Though the foil is productive it bears no wine, A a 2 but g; HENTZNERI Itinerarium. lum eft faecundum, fed vinum tellus non gig- nit, verum aliunde nobiliffima vina importan- tur, uti funt, Aurelianenfia, Gafconica, Rhe- nana, Hifpanica. Cerevifia quas ex hordeo coquitur maximo in ufu eft, optimique faporis, led fortis, & quae facile eos incbriat. Colles paffim multi, nullis arboribus confitl, neque aquarum fontibus irrigui, qui herbam tenuifli- mam atque bre\'ifiimam producunt, quse tamen ovibus abundc pabulum fuppediat ; per eos ovium greges candidiflimi vagantur, quae five cceli, feu bonitatc tcrrae, mollia, & longe omnium aliarum regionum tenui/Tmia fcrunt vellera : Hoc villus vere aureum eft, in quo potiffimum infulanoium divitije confiftunt ; nam magna & auri & argenti copia a ncgotia- toribus ejufmodi inprimis cocmendi mcrcis gra- tia, in infulam quotannis importatur. Canes pr.xftantiffimos habet. Fert aurum, argentum, ftannum, (cx quo vafa domcftica du Romanoque faeculo procul dubio illuftrc^ quod alias etiam Cantuaria, vulgo Can- terbury dicitur, pedites venimus. Duo funt hie Monafteria pene contigua, Chrifti fcilicet, & D. Auguftini, utrumquc aliquando Monachis ordinis D. Benedidli re- pletum j quorum alterum, Chrifti nomine obliterate, temporibus fubfequentibus D. Thomae dedicatum eft, fitum quafi in medio oppidi finu, & tanta majeftate cum duabus ingcntibus turribus in coelum fe erigens, ut procul etiam intuentibus, quemadmodum Eraf- mus inquit, religionem iucutiat. In Choro' templl iftlus, cujus ingrefium can- celli ferrei prohibent, monumenta videntur fequentia : Henrici IV. regis Angliae, cum uxore fua Kavarraea, ex, marmo.ce candido. Nicolai HENTZNER's Travels. 98 Whitstable, here we wentaftiore. Canterbury, we came to it on footi this is the feat of the Archbifhop, Primate of all ^^ngland, a very antient town, and without doubt of note in the time of the Romans. Here are two Monafteries almoft eontigu- ous, namely of Chrift and St. Auguftine, both of them once filled with Benedidine Monks ; the former was afterwards dedicated to St. Thomas Becket, the name of Chrift being obliterated ; it ftands almoft in tlie ijiiddle of the town, and with fo much majefty lifts itfelf, and it's two towers, to a ftupen- dous height, that, as Erafmus fays, it ftrikes even thofe, who only fee it at a diftance, with awe. In the Choir, which is fliut up with iron rails, are the following monuments : King Henry IV. with his wife Joan of Navarre, of white marble. D d 2 Nicholas 99 HEKTZNERL Itinerarium. Nicolai Woltonis, qui fuit Confiliarius Heiirici VIII. Edward VI. Marise & Elifa- bethae, Angliac regum & reginarum. Edwardi Principis quondam tertii in Aqui- tania, Ducis de Cornewolle & Comitis Cefti'iae. Reginaldi Poli, cum hac infcriptione : Depofitum Reginaldi Poli, Cardinalis & Archiepifcopi Cantuarienfis. Cardinalis Chaftillon. Sellam deinde vidimus in quam collocari Iblent Epifcopi, quando invefliuntur. In vefti- bulo Templi^ quod eft ad Auftrum, in faxum incifi flint tres armati, qui Thomam Becket- tum, Archiepifcopum Cantuarienfem, ob mar- tyrium inter- Divos relatam, trucidarurit, ad- ditis his cognominibus, Tusci. Fuse I. Berri. Hie HENTZNER's Travels. Nicholas Wootton, privy Counfellor to Henry VIII. Edward VI. Mary and Eliza- beth, kings and queens of England. Of Prince Edward, Duke of Aquitain and Cornwall, and Earl of Chefter. Reginald Pole, with this infcription : The remains of Reginald Pole, Cardinal and Archbifhop of Canterbury. Cardinal Chatillon. We were then Ihewn the chair in which the Bifhops are placed, when they are inftalled. In the veftibule of the church, on the South fide, Hand the ftatues of three men armed, cut in ftone, who flew Thomas Becket Arch- bifhop of Canterbury, made a Saint for this martyrdom ; their names are adjoined, JTusci. Fuse I. Berri. I This Is another mojl Inaccurate account : The murderers of Becket were, Tracy, Morville, Britten and Fitzurfe. Being • ICO riENTZNERI Itinerarium. Hie cum ambuhndo' defeili, nos pane & cerevifia aliquantulum rcfccifTemus, poftea flatim equos curforios confcendimus, & fecun- daaut tertiar.odtis herd, in oppidum Dubrim, vulgo Dover, venimus. In via, quse fatis erat afpcra & periculofa, tale quid nobis ac- ciuit : Dux vise, vulgo poftillon, adolefccns, ad giobuli fclopetarii iclum, cum duobus ex noftris comitibus prascefferat ; nos tardius in- fequendo focios noftros in tenebris e confpe£lu noftro amittimus ; rcperimus poftea bivium j ad dcxtram locus crat declivis & paluftris ; ad fniiftram colliculus ; hie dum dubii, utra harum viarum eligenda fit, confultamus, ecce derepente videmus a dextro latere equites quof- dam, noftris quoad equos, quoad veftitum & ftaturam corporis omnino fimiles ; qua propter iaetabundi illos fequi ftatuimus ; fed accidit, ut ifti, Deo ita nos protegente, nobis incla- miuitibus nihil rerponderent, fed viam ftiam paluftrcm perfequerentur adeo ftrenue, ut flngulus pedum pofitus, & i£lus multa: comi- tarentur flammse igneae ; quae res non imme- rito nobis fufpicionem movit de latronibus, de HENTZNER's Travels. 100 Being tired with walking, we refrefhed our- felres here with a mouthful of bread, and feme ale, and immediately mounted poft- horfes, and arrived about two or three o'clock in the morning at Dover. In our way to it, which was rough and dangerous enough, the following accident happened to us : Our guide, or poftilion, a youth, was before with two of our company, about the diftance of a mufket-fhot, we by not following quick enough, had loft light of our friends ; we came afterwards to where the road divided, on the right it was down hill, and marfhy, on the left was a fmall hill ; whilft we flopped here in doubt, and confulted which of the roads we fhould take, we faw all on a fudden on our right-hand fome horfemen, their ftature, drefs and horfes, exadlly refembling thofe of our friends, glad of having found them again, we determined to fct on after them ; but it happened through God's mercy, that though we called to them, they did not anfwer us, but kept on down the marlhy road, at fuch a rate, that 101 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. dc quibus eramus admoniti, vel dc fpeilris iioiturnis potius, quae, ficuti pofl-ea nobis quoque relatum eft, in iftis locis folent effc frcquentia ; accedebant ignes fatui magno nu- mero, ita ut horrore vel ftupore quodammodo concuteremur ; verum fa6tum eft, ut paulo poft viae dux cornu fignum daret, quo indicio, nos ad finiftram convertimus, & fic ad comites noftros falvi pervenimus ; qui a nobis inter- rogati, num obvios habuiftent iftos, quos vi- d eramus, equites ; refponderunt, fe neminem vidillb ; variae deinceps hac de re, ut fieri folct, latae I'unt fententia; ; quicquid autem fit, cer- tum profefto nobis imminebat periculum, a quo, quod fimus liberati, foli Deo tribuendum & afcribendum eft. Porro Dubris Angllas oppidum, quod inter cautes confidct (ubi portus ipfe olim fuit, cum mare fe inilnuaret, uti ex anchoris, & navium tabulis erutis colligitur) portus opportunitate, quae jam fere nulla eft, & in Galliam trajctStu jnagis celebratur, quam fua vel elegantiu vel frequentia. Celeberrimus enim & bre- viiumus HENTZNER's Travels. lOI that their horfes feet ftruck fire at every ftretch, which made us with reafon begin to fufpecSt they were thieves, having had warning of fuch, or rather that they were no(Surnal fpeiSlres, who as we were afterwards told, are frequently feen in thofe places, there were likewife a great many Jack-w'-a-lanthorns, fo that we were quite feized with horror and amazement ! But fortunately for us, our guide foon after founded his horn, and we following the noife, turned down the left- hand road, and arrived fafe to our companions, who when we had afked them. If they had not feen the horfemen who had gone by us ? Anfwered, not a foul : Our opinions accord- ing to cuftom were various upon this matter •} but whatever the thing was, we were without doubt in imminent danger, from which that we efcaped, the glory is to be afcribed to God alone, Dover, fituated among cliffs, ((landing where the Port itfelf was originally, as may be gathered from Anchors, and parts of veflels dug up there) is more famous for the con-^ E e veniencc 102 HENTZNERI Itinerariu'm. vilHmus hie eft traje£tus xxx. millium paflu- um, qui fpatio quinque vel fex horarum, fecun- do fpirante vento, poteft abfolvi, ficut nof- metipfi fumus experti ; numerant hinc non- nulli Caletum ufque ododecim, Boloniam vero fcdccim milliaria Anglicana, quae Italicis longiora dicit efle Ortelius, in fuo Theatre. Templum habuit Martino Tacrum, a Vidtre- do Cantii rege fundatum, militum etiam Tempi ariorium sedes, quae jam difparuerunt, fedemque praebet Archiepifcopi Cantuarienfi» SufFragaiieo ; qui cum gravioribus Archiepif- copus negotiis diftridlus fit, quae ordmis funt, non quse jurifdidionis Epifcopalis, gerit. E colle feu potius rupe, quse a dextra omni ex parte fere confragofa, in admirandam altitu- dinem exurgit Caftellum ampliffimum, inftar vrbiculae, opere munitiffimum, & turribus fre- ^uentiffimum, fubjefto freto quodammodo ijiinatur : Clavcm & rcpagulum Angliae vo- cat Mathaeus Parifienfis ; vulgus hominum a Julio Ccefare conftrudtum foraniati a Ro- manis HENTZNER's Travels. 102 venience of it's port, which indeed is now much decayed, and it's paffage to France, than for either it's elegance, or populoufnefs ^ this paflage the moft ufed, and the fliortei?-, is of thirty miles, which with a favourable wind may be run over in five or fix hours time, as we ourfelves experienced j fome reckon it only eighteen to Calais, and to Boulogne fixteen Englifli miles, which as Ortelius fays in his Theatrum, are longer than the Italian. Here was a church dedicated to St. Martin, by Vi6lred king of Kent, and a houfe be- longing to the Knights Templars ; of either there are now no remains : It is the feat of a Suffragan to the Archbifhop of Canterbury, who when the Archbifhop is employed upon bufinefs of more confequence, manages the ordinary affairs, but does not interfere with the Archiepifcopal jurifdidlion. Upon a hill, or rather rock, which on it's right fide is al- mofl every where a precipice, a very extenfive Caflle rifes to a furprlzing height, in fize like a little city, extremely well fortified, and E e 2 thick X03 HENTZNERI Itinerarium. manis autem primo conditum, ex lateribus illis Britannicis in Sacello, quibus ufi funt in fuis fubftradionibus, verfimile eft. Guliel. Cam- den. in Britannia. Hie fumto prandio, ANQ LI AM reliquimus, ****** '•if: % ^ ^ ^ * * * * # * HENTZNER's Travels. 103 thick fet with towers, and feems to threaten the fea beneath : Matthew Paris calls it, the door and key of England ; the ordinary peopltf have taken it into their heads, that it was built by Julius Gsefar, it is likely it might by the Romans, from thofe Britifh bricks in the Chapel, which they made ufe of in their foundations : See CamhderCs Britannia, After we had dined, we took leave of ENGLAND. * * * 4f: * * % % * * % * * * * * * * * *